 
    stop_VV0  electing_VBG  life_NN  peers_NNS    .  
  by_IO  Trevor_NP  Williams_NP  .  
  a_AT1  move_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  from_IO  nominating_VBG  any_DD  more_DA  labour_NN  life_NN  peers_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  \0MPs_NNSB2  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Michael_NP  Foot_NP  has_VHZ  put_VBN  down_RP  a_AT1  resolution_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  backed_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Will_NP  Griffiths_NP  ,_,  \0MP_NNSB1  for_IO  Manchester_NP  Exchange_NP  .  
  though_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  gather_VV0  some_DD  left-wing_JB  support_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  \0MPs_NNSB2  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  turn_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  Foot-Griffiths_NP  resolution_NN  .  
    abolish_VV0  Lords_NNSB2    .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Foot's_PPIO2  line_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  as_CS  labour_VV0  \0MPs_NNSB2  opposed_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  bill_NN  which_DDQ  brought_VVD  life_NN  peers_NNS  into_IO  existence_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  now_RL  put_VV0  forward_RR  nominees_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  should_VM  be_VB0  abolished_VBN  and_CC  that_DD1  labour_NN  should_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  any_DD  steps_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO    prop_VV0  up_RP    an_AT1  out-dated_JJ  institution_NN  .  
  since_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  13_MC  labour_NN  life_NN  peers_NNS  and_CC  peeresses_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  created_VBN  .  
  most_DA  labour_NN  sentiment_NN  would_VM  still_RR  favour_VV0  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  ,_,  but_CCB  while_CS  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  labour_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  .  
  Africans_NP2  drop_VV0  rivalry_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  .  
  by_IO  Dennis_NP  Newson_NP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  rival_JJ  African_JJ  nationalist_JJ  parties_NNS  of_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  together_RR  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  challenge_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  federal_JJ  Premier_NNSB1  .  
  delegates_NNS  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kenneth_NP  Kaunda's_PPIO2  united_JJ  national_JJ  independence_NN  party_NN  (_(  280,000_MC  members_NNS  )_)  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Nkumbula's_PPIO2  African_JJ  national_JJ  congress_NN  (_(  400,000_MC  )_)  will_VM  meet_VV0  in_IO  London_NP  today_NN1  to_TO  discuss_VV0  a_AT1  common_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  action_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  is_VBZ  violently_RR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  Africans_NP2  getting_VBG  an_AT1  elected_JJ  majority_NN  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  insisting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  change_NN  .  
  sir_NN  Roy's_PPIO2  united_JJ  federal_JJ  party_NN  is_VBZ  boycotting_VBG  the_AT1  London_NP  talks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  protectorate's_NN1$  future_NN  .  
  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nkumbula_NP  last_DA  night_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  discuss_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  if_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  gives_VBZ  in_RP  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  talks_NNS  fall_VV0  through_RP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  demonstrations_NNS  .    
  all_DB  revealed_VBN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  Sir_NNSB1  Roy's_PPIO2  chief_JB  aide_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Julius_NP  Greenfield_NP  ,_,  telephoned_VVD  his_APP$  chief_NN  a_AT1  report_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  talks_NNS  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  at_IO  Chequers_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  at_IO  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  despite_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  blown_VBN  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  now_RL  revealed_VBN  his_APP$  full_JJ  plans_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  and_CC  liberals_NNS  attending_VBG  .  
  these_DD2  plans_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  give_VV0  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  the_AT1  overall_JB  majority_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  seeking_VBG  .  
  African_JJ  delegates_NNS  are_VBR  studying_VBG  them_PPHO1  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  will_VM  meet_VV0  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  proposed_JJ  House_NNL1  of_IO  Chiefs_NNSB2  .  
  no_AT1  secret_JJ  talks_NNS    Macleod_NP  .  
  by_IO  Hugh_NP  Pilcher_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  denied_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  last_DA  night_NN  that_CS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  secret_JJ  negotiations_NNS  on_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia's_PPIO2  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  boycotted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  main_JB  settlers'_NN2  parties_NNS    the_AT1  united_JJ  federal_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  dominion_NN  party_NN  .  
  but_CCB  representatives_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  African_JJ  federation_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  Chequers_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  for_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  .  
  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  meeting_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  \0MPs_NNSB2  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  secret_JJ  negotiations_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  Britain_NP  had_VHD  an_AT1  obligation_NN  to_TO  consult_VV0  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  final_JJ  decision_NN  remained_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  Callaghan_NP  ,_,  labour's_NN1$  colonial_JJ  spokesman_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  delay_VV0  progress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  by_IO  refusing_VBG  to_TO  sit_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  table_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  thought_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  Rhodesian_JJ  parties_NNS  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  talks_NNS  because_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  had_VHD  found_VBN  messages_NNS  sent_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  were_VBDR    unsatisfactory_JJ  .    
  African_JJ  delegates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  yesterday_NN1  called_VVD  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  to_TO  cease_VV0  his_APP$  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy's_PPIO2  representative_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Julius_NP  Greenfield_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Chequers_NP  last_DA  week-end_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  regarded_VVD  with_IO    growing_JJ  anger_NN    the_AT1    gross_JJ  and_CC  unconstitutional_JJ    interference_NN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy's_PPIO2  federal_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  .  
  informal_JJ  talks_NNS  at_IO  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  will_VM  resume_VV0  today_NN1  .  
  deep_JJ  south_NN1  smears_VBZ  Jack's_PPIO2  negro_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  today_NN1  defended_VVD  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  negro_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  housing_NN  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  aroused_VBN  strong_JJ  opposition_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  anti-Negro_JJ  senators_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  deep_JJ  south_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  negro_NN  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Weaver_NP  of_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  tasks_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  see_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  in_IO  government_NN  and_CC  state_NN  housing_NN  projects_NNS  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Allen_NP  Ellender_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Louisiana_NP  ,_,  sparked_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  opposition_NN  by_IO  telling_VBG  a_AT1  television_NN  audience_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    current_JJ  Washington_NP  gossip_NN    that_CS  Weaver_NP  once_RR  had_VHD  communist_JJ  affiliations_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  letter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Senate_NP  banking_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  headed_VBN  by_IO  another_DD1  southern_JJ  Senator_NNSB1    Willis_NP  Robertson_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Virginia_NP    met_VVD  today_NN1  in_IO  closed_JJ  session_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  Weaver's_PPIO2  appointment_NN  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  later_RRR  disclosed_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sent_VBN  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  saying_VBG  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  several_DA  complaints_NNS  about_IO  Weaver's_PPIO2  loyalty_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  these_DD2  concerned_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Weaver's_PPIO2  alleged_JJ  association_NN  with_IO  organisations_NNS  black-listed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  immediately_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  rushed_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  Senator_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  saying_VBG  the_AT1  federal_JJ  bureau_NN  of_IO  investigation_NN  had_VHD  reported_VBN  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Weaver_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  perform_VV0    outstanding_JJ  service_NN    in_IO  his_APP$  post_NN  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Robertson's_PPIO2  committee_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Weaver's_PPIO2  nomination_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  Senate_NP  .  
  gold-hunting_JJ  Kennedy_NP  shocks_VBZ  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  .  
  Germany_NP  must_VM  pay_VV0  .  
  offer_NN  of_IO  *+357_NNU  \0m_MC  is_VBZ  too_RG  small_JJ  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  tough_JJ  over_IO  West_NP  Germany's_PPIO2  cash_NN  offer_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  America's_PPIO2  balance_NN  of_IO  payments_NNS  position_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  bluntly_RR  in_IO  Washington_NP  yesterday_NN1  that_CS  the_AT1  offer_NN    *+357million_NNU    was_VBDZ  not_XX  good_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  indicated_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  government_NN  would_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  Germany_NP  to_TO  pay_VV0  more_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  mention_VV0  personal_JJ  talks_NNS  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Adenauer_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  discussions_NNS    on_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  level_NN  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN    might_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  will_VM  probably_RR  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Brentano_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  due_JJ  in_IO  Washington_NP  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  a_AT1  big_JJ  slice_NN  of_IO  Germany's_PPIO2    aid_NN    is_VBZ  the_AT1  early_JJ  payment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  *+210million_NNU  debt_NN  to_IO  America_NP  .  
  United_NP  States_NP  officials_NNS  quickly_RR  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  money_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  America_NP  anyway_RR  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unimpressed_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  Germans'_NP2  claim_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  pay_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  *+357million_NNU  without_IO  upsetting_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  economy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  say_VV0  Germany_NP  is_VBZ  having_VHG  it_PPH1  too_RG  good_JJ  and_CC  is_VBZ  not_XX  paying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  or_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  .  
  tough_JJ  spot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Adenauer_NP  government_NN  flatly_RR  rejected_VVD  attempts_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  Eisenhower_NP  government_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  regular_JJ  sum_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  American_JJ  troops_NNS  in_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  these_DD2  support_NN  costs_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  big_JJ  drain_NN  on_IO  America's_PPIO2  dollar_NN  reserves_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Adenauer's_PPIO2  answer_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  once-and-for-all_JB  cash_NN  offer_NN  of_IO  *+357million_NNU  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  rejection_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  painful_JJ  blow_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  government_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  now_RL  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  more_DA    and_CC  increase_VV0  taxation_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1    or_CC  run_VV0  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  risks_NNS  in_IO  upsetting_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  American_JJ  administration_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  since_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  election_NN  year_NN  in_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Adenauer_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  tough_JJ  spot_NN  .  
  waiting_VBG  .  
  Joyce_NP  Egginton_NP  cables_VBZ  :_:  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  Washington_NP  press_NN  conference_NN  admitted_VVD  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  America_NP  was_VBDZ  lagging_VBG  behind_IO  Russia_NP  in_IO  missile_NN  power_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  his_APP$  senior_JJ  military_JJ  aides_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN  on_IO  February_NN1  20_MC  .  
  this_DD1  surprising_JJ  statement_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  about-face_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  warnings_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  presidential_JJ  election_NN  campaign_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  slackness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Eisenhower_NP  administration_NN  had_VHD  caused_VBN  America_NP  to_TO  lag_VV0  behind_IO  Russia_NP  in_IO  nuclear_JJ  development_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  did_VDD  his_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  avoid_VV0  giving_VBG  pressmen_NNS  a_AT1  direct_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  horrified_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  tory_JJ  doctor's_NN1$  reaction_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  health_NN  charges_NNS  ,_,  says_VBZ  George_NP  Brown_NP  .  
    probe_VV0  the_AT1  drug_NN  profits_NNS  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  take_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  mothers_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS    .  
  by_IO  Hugh_NP  Pilcher_NP  .  
  two_MC  men_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  poles_NNS  apart_RP  in_IO  personality_NN  last_DA  night_NN  dominated_VVD  parliament's_NN1$  fiercest_JJT  battle_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  1959_MC  election_NN    \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Brown_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Enoch_NP  Powell_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  health_NN  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  ,_,  passionate_JJ  and_CC  warm-hearted_JJ  ,_,  led_VVD  labour's_NN1$  attack_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  health_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  ,_,  white-faced_JJ  and_CC  outwardly_RR  unemotional_JJ  ,_,  replied_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  statistical_JJ  statement_NN    and_CC  ended_VVD  by_IO  inciting_VBG  labour_NN  \0MPs_NNSB2  to_IO  angry_JJ  uproar_NN  .  
  one_MC1  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  issue_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  other_DA  tried_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  balance-sheet_NN  must_VM  always_RR  come_VV0  first_RR  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vote_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  tories_NNS  were_VBDR  massed_VBN  in_IO  answer_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  whips_NNS  to_TO  defeat_VV0  a_AT1  censure_NN  motion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  for_IO    undermining_VBG  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN    and_CC  placing_VBG  heavy_JJ  burdens_NNS  on_IO  those_DD2  least_RG  able_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  declared_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  policy_NN  under_IO  censure_NN  was_VBDZ  monstrous_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  offended_VBN  many_DA  people_NNS  far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  labour_NN  supporters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,  many_DA  doctors_NNS  and_CC  public_NN  were_VBDR  denouncing_VBG  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  letter_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  quoted_VVD  from_IO  this_DD1  letter_NN  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  had_VHD  received_VBN  :_:  
    my_APP$  background_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  doctor_NN  of_IO  68_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  practised_VBN  medicine_NN  for_IO  43_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  chiefly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  panel_NN  doctor_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  lifelong_JJ  conservative_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  horrified_VBN  and_CC  amazed_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  party's_NN1$  proposal_NN  to_TO  prostitute_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  service_NN  and_CC  to_TO  render_VV0  that_DD1  service_NN  a_AT1  hardship_NN  to_IO  poor_JJ  people_NNS  .  
    after_IO  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  of_IO  helping_VBG  others_DA2  and_CC  healing_VBG  the_AT1  sick_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  considered_JJ  opinion_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  anybody_PN1  supporting_VBG  the_AT1  increased_JJ  charges_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wicked_JJ  ,_,  old_JJ    .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  dealing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  noble_JJ  edifice_NN  which_DDQ  needs_VBZ  an_AT1  imaginative_JJ  architect_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  got_VBN  a_AT1  quantity_NN  surveyor_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  descended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  problems_NNS  to_IO  fiddling_VBG  about_RP  with_IO  bills_NNS  of_IO  cost_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  medical_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  free_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  patient_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  need_NN  and_CC  with_IO  one_MC1  standard_NN  for_IO  all_DB  sick_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  good_JJ  and_CC  attainable_JJ  .  **"_**'  
  different_JJ  .  
    we_PPIS2  remain_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  tories_NNS  never_RR  were_VBDR  .    
  interrupted_VBN  by_IO  angry_JJ  tories_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  retorted_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  jackals_NNS  bay_VV0  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  better_JJ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  do_VD0  .    
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  that_CS  their_APP$  conception_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  services_NNS  was_VBDZ  wholly_RR  different_JJ    fundamentally_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  provide_VV0  an_AT1  ambulance_NN  service_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  absolutely_RR  wretched_JJ    but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  too_RG  comfortable_JJ  nor_CC  too_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  .  
  answering_VBG  jeers_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  labour_NN  which_DDQ  first_RR  put_VVD  a_AT1  ceiling_NN  on_IO  health_NN  spending_NN  and_CC  started_VVD  charges_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  reminded_VVD  the_AT1  hostile_JJ  government_NN  benches_NNS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  in_IO  1950_MC  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  financial_JJ  strain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Korean_JJ  war_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tories_NNS  made_VVD  it_PPH1  worse_JJ  now_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  and_CC  needy_JJ  than_CS  labour_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  1950_MC  .  
  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  service_NN  expenditure_NN  ,_,  health_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  from_IO  28.5_MC  to_IO  23.1_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  then_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  swung_VVD  his_APP$  attack_NN  directly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  unsmiling_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  that_CS  instead_RR  of_IO  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  patients_NNS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  should_VM  take_VV0  ruthless_JJ  action_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  drug_NN  making_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  profits_NNS  had_VHD  risen_VBN  by_IO  up_RP  to_IO  400_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  eight_MC  years_NNS  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  mothers_NNS  ,_,  children_NNS  and_CC  sick_JJ  people_NNS  than_CS  to_TO  take_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  vast_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  commented_VVD  icily_RR  .  
    let_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  a_AT1  full_JJ  inquiry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  pharmaceutical_JJ  industry_NN  .    
  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  today_NN1  owed_VVD  much_DA  to_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  food_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  maintained_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  now_RL  in_IO  conditions_NNS  of_IO  tory_JJ  affluence_NN  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  carried_VBN  on_RP  .  
  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  labour_NN  \0MPs_NNSB2  cheered_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  minute_NN    and_CC  even_RR  his_APP$  bitterest_JJT  opponents_NNS  on_IO  defence_NN  joined_VVD  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  choice_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  devoted_VVD  half_DB  his_APP$  speech_NN  to_IO  giving_VBG  details_NNS  of_IO  plans_NNS  for_IO  improving_VBG  the_AT1  hospital_NN  service_NN  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  indeed_RR  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  making_VBG  progress_NN  .  
  his_APP$  basic_JJ  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  cuts_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS    even_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  changes_NNS  the_AT1  net_JB  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  increased_VBN  over_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  by_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
    that_DD1  can_VM  not_XX  continue_VV0  without_IO  either_LE  development_NN  being_VBG  limited_VBN  or_CC  an_AT1  adjustment_NN  being_VBG  made_VBN  in_IO  financing_NN  .    
  the_AT1  government_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  adjust_VV0  the_AT1  financing_NN    which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  claimed_VVD  was_VBDZ  underpinning_VBG    not_XX  undermining_VBG    the_AT1  service_NN  .  
  answering_VBG  the_AT1  attack_NN  on_IO    economic_JJ  charges_NNS    for_IO  welfare_NN  foods_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  these_DD2  foods_NNS  would_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  free_JJ  in_IO  families_NNS  receiving_VBG  regular_JJ  national_JJ  assistance_NN  grants_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  doubled_JJ  prescription_NN  charge_NN  his_APP$  argument_NN  was_VBDZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ludicrous_JJ  exaggeration_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  a_AT1  2_MC  \0s_NNU  charge_NN  is_VBZ  any_DD  more_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  burden_NN  than_CS  a_AT1  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  charge_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1949_MC  .    
    resign_VV0    .  
  uproar_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  side_NN  grew_VVD  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  made_VVD  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  claims_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  \0MPs_NNSB2  disagreed_VVD  .  Mac_NP  picks_VBZ  his_APP$  market_NN  team_NN  .  
  our_APP$  man_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  is_VBZ  \0no_NN  1_MC1  aide_NN  to_IO  Heath_NP  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Dickie_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  has_VHZ  picked_VBN  a_AT1  strong_JJ    brains_NNS  trust_NN    team_NN  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  terms_NNS  for_IO  joining_VBG  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  abandoned_VBN  plans_NNS  to_TO  visit_VV0  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  this_DD1  month_NN  to_TO  smooth_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle's_PPIO2  official_JJ  welcome_NN  last_DA  week_NN  to_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  moves_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  gesture_NN  in_IO  Whitehall_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  mission_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  to_IO  Paris_NP  was_VBDZ  dropped_VBN  .  
  instead_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  will_VM  rely_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  hand-picked_JJ  team_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  leadership_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Pierson_NP  Dixon_NP  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  Ambassador_NNSB1  to_IO  France_NP  ,_,  to_TO  back_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Heath_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Privy_NNSB1  Seal_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  charged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  conduct_NN  of_IO  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  .  
  in_IO  touch_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  offered_VBN  commonwealth_NN  governments_NNS  every_AT1  facility_NN  possible_JJ  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  their_APP$  interests_NNS  .  
  seven_MC  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  have_VH0  told_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Sandys_NP  ,_,  commonwealth_NN  relations_NNS  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  in_IO  touch_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1    Canada_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP    will_VM  have_VH0  strong_JJ  delegations_NNS  at_IO  an_AT1  opening_JJ  meeting_NN  in_IO  London_NP  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  once_CS  the_AT1  common_JJ  market's_NN1$  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  draws_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  procedure_NN  for_IO  negotiations_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  fortnight's_NN1$  time_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  can_VM  arrange_VV0  for_IO  observers_NNS  to_TO  advise_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  negotiating_JJ  team_NN  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  is_VBZ  composed_VBN  of_IO  experienced_JJ  negotiators_NNS  in_IO  several_DA  fields_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Pierson_NP  Dixon_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  wide_JJ  reputation_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  skilful_JJ  backstage_JB  negotiator_NN  since_IO  his_APP$  days_NNS  as_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  chief_JB  \0UN_NP  delegate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  .  
  second_RR  in_IO  command_NN  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Eric_NP  Roll_NP  ,_,  53-year-old_JB  deputy_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fisheries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  is_VBZ  represented_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roderick_NP  Barclay_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  taken_VBN  part_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  exchanges_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  ,_,  Germans_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  Italians_NP2  .  
  other_DA  leading_JJ  members_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Lintott_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  relations_NNS  office_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Corell-Barnes_NP  (_(  colonial_JJ  office_NN  )_)  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0R_NP  Bell_NP  (_(  Treasury_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  Andrew_NP  (_(  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  accompany_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Heath_NP  next_DA  month_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  to_IO  Brussels_NP  ,_,  headquarters_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  commission_NN  ,_,  or_CC  wherever_CS the_AT1  six_MC  decide_VV0  negotiations_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  were_VBDR  reviewed_VBN  yesterday_NN1  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  between_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Couve_NP  de_&FW  Murville_NP  ,_,  French_JJ  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Heath_NP  .  
  Selwyn_NP  in_IO  strikeland_NN  .  
  from_IO  William_NP  Forrest_NP  Accra_NP  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP    a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  troubles_NNS  enough_DD  back_RP  home_NN1    seems_VBZ  fated_JJ  to_TO  fly_VV0  into_IO  trouble_NN  abroad_RR  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  riots_NNS  in_IO  Istanbul_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  enlivened_VVD  the_AT1  \0NATO_NP  council_NN  meeting_NN  .  
  now_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  strikes_NNS  and_CC  demonstrations_NNS  in_IO  Ghana_NP  coinciding_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  economic_JJ  consultative_JJ  council_NN    the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  after_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  24-strong_JB  delegation_NN  landed_VVD  at_IO  Accra_NP  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  shop_NN  assistants_NNS  demonstrated_VVD  outside_IO  the_AT1  British-owned_JJ  Kingsway_NP  stores_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  largest_JJT  in_IO  town_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stores_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  hit_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  strike_NN  wave_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  paralysed_VBN  the_AT1  port_NN  of_IO  Takoradi_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  week_NN  .  
  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  discontent_NN  :_:  the_AT1  austerity_NN  budget_NN  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  compulsory_JJ  savings_NNS  scheme_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Ghana_NP  government_NN  introduced_VVD  in_IO  July_NN1  .  
  Ghana's_PPIO2  strong_JJ  man_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  here_RL  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  storm_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Nkrumah_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  made_VBN  his_APP$  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  neutrals'_NN2  conference_NN  in_IO  Belgrade_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  resumed_VBN  his_APP$  holiday_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Black_NP  Sea_NNL1  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  here_RL  professes_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  when_CS he_PPHO1  will_VM  return_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  his_APP$  chief_JB  lieutenants_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  let_VBN  him_PPHO1  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  strong_JJ  arm_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  raised_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  strikers_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  beginning_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  .  
  today's_NP1  Ghanaian_JJ  Times_NP  (_(  motto_NN  :_:      the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  law_NN    )_)  reports_VBZ  :_:  
    the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  urged_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  immediate_JJ  action_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  ruthlessly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  strikers_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  urge_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  activists_NNS  of_IO  Nkrumah's_PPIO2  convention_NN  party_NN    after_IO  powerful_JJ  addresses_NNS  by_IO  Comrades_NNSB2  Krobo_NP  Edusei_NP  ,_,  Tawia_NP  Adamafio_NP  ,_,    and_CC  others_DA2  .  
  ultimatum_NN  .  
  strong_JJ  deeds_NNS  followed_VVD  strong_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Takoradi_NP  a_AT1    limited_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN    was_VBDZ  declared_VBN  ,_,  giving_VBG  the_AT1  government_NN  adequate_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  all_DB  essential_JJ  services_NNS  and_CC  ensure_VV0  food_NN  supplies_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  an_AT1  offence_NN  punishable_JJ  with_IO  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS   publishes_VBZ  a_AT1  report_NN  likely_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  alarm_NN  or_CC  prejudicial_JJ  to_IO  public_JJ  safety_NN  .    
  and_CC  up_RP  to_IO  ten_MC  years'_NN2  imprisonment_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  imposed_VBN  on_IO  anyone_PN1  convicted_VBN  of_IO  sabotage_NN  .  
  these_DD2  stern_JJ  measures_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  desired_JJ  effect_NN  today_NN1  at_IO  Kumasi_NP  where_CS the_AT1  strikers_NNS  gave_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  Takoradi_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  storm_NN  centre_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  still_RR  holding_VBG  out_RP  despite_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  1,400_MC  police_NNS  and_CC  16_MC  armoured_JJ  cars_NNS  .  
  and_CC  how_CS did_VDD  the_AT1  government_NN  react_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  strikers_NNS  demonstrated_VVD  in_IO  Accra_NP  .  
  at_IO  9.40_MC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edusei_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  transport_NN  and_CC  probably_RR  the_AT1  toughest_JJT  man_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nkrumah's_PPIO2  team_NN  ,_,  drove_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Kingsway_NP  stores_NNS  and_CC  faced_VVD  the_AT1  demonstrators_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  shopgirls_NNS  in_IO  overalls_NNS  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  dispersed_VBN  by_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,    the_AT1  police_NNS  will_VM  act_VV0  .    
  at_IO  five_MC  to_IO  ten_MC  a_AT1  posse_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  arrived_VVD  and_CC  in_IO  less_DA  than_IO  two_MC  minutes_NNS  the_AT1  crowd_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  threatened_JJ    counter-revolution_NN    was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  back_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  travels_NNS  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thought_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  muster_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  13_MC  states_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  occasion_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nkrumah_NP  who_PNQS suggested_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  economic_JJ  consultative_JJ  council_NN  should_VM  meet_VV0  in_IO  Accra_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  left_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Goka_NP  ,_,  Ghana's_PPIO2  finance_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  honours_NNS  as_IO  host_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  capacity_NN  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  a_AT1  reception_NN  tonight_NN1  in_IO  Accra's_PPIO2  Ambassador_NNSB1  Hotel_NNL1  .  
  phone_NN  taps_NNS  .  
  disarmers_NNS  accuse_VV0  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  .  
  police_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  direct_JJ  orders_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  openly_RR  intimidating_VBG  members_NNS  of_IO  Earl_NNSB1  Russell's_PPIO2  nuclear-disarming_JB  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  committee_NN  claimed_VVD  yesterday_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  said_VVD  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  put_VBN  on_IO  members_NNS  and_CC  associates_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  alleged_VVD  :_:  
  phones_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  tapped_VBN  and_CC  going_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  action_NN  ;_;  
  police_NNS  were_VBDR  visiting_VBG  people_NNS    on_IO  no_AT1  pretext_NN  whatsoever_DDQ  ,_,  except_CS  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  day_NN    ;_;  
  supporters_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  warned_VBN    one_MC1  that_CS  his_APP$  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  too_RG  far_RR  ;_;  another_DD1  that_CS  anti-apartheid_JB  agitation_NN  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  .  
  a_AT1  third_MD  man's_NN1$  house_NN  was_VBDZ  watched_VBN  for_IO  four_MC  days_NNS  by_IO  plain-clothes_NNS  men_NNS  .  
  committee-member_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Clark_NP  commented_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  press_NN  conference_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  most_RG  extraordinary_JJ  things_NNS  are_VBR  happening_VBG  .    
  fifty_MC  committee_NN  members_NNS  will_VM  appear_VV0  at_IO  Bow-street_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  including_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Russell_NP  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Russell_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Boyd-Orr_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Michael_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clark_NP  .  
  a_AT1    plant_NN    .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  why_CS they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  bound_VBN  over_RP  for_IO  disturbing_VBG  the_AT1  peace_NN  and_CC  for_IO  inciting_VBG  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  summonses_NNS  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR    likely_JJ  to_TO  persevere_VV0  in_IO  such_DA  unlawful_JJ  conduct_NN  .    
  Lord_NNSB1  Russell_NP  ,_,  89_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  putting_VBG  his_APP$  affairs_NNS  in_IO  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  packing_VBG  a_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  at_IO  his_APP$  Chelsea_NP  home_NN1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  his_APP$  secretary_NN  ,_,  American-born_JB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ralph_NP  Schoenman_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  agree_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  bound_VBN  over_RP  .  
  that_DD1  will_VM  probably_RR  mean_VV0  jail_NN  and_CC  ,_,  though_CS  frail_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  very_RG  fit_JJ  and_CC  will_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  rigours_NNS  of_IO  prison_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  stride_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  some_DD  writing_NN  .    
  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  conference_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clark_NP  said_VVD  two_MC  committee_NN  members_NNS  tried_VVD  a_AT1    plant_NN    call_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  suspect_JJ  phone_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  discussed_VVD  a_AT1  sit-down_NN  at_IO  Watford_NP  at_IO  5.30_MC  \0p.m_RR    none_PN1  was_VBDZ  planned_VBN  but_CCB  police_NNS  turned_VVD  up_RP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  attacks_VBZ  Kaunda's_PPIO2    vicious_JJ  monster_NN    .  
  from_IO  Harvey_NP  Ward_NP  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  said_VVD  today_NN1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  no_RR  longer_RRR  accepted_VVD  the_AT1  good_JJ  faith_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kenneth_NP  Kaunda_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  ,_,  federal_JJ  Rhodesian_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda's_PPIO2  united_JJ  national_JJ  independence_NN  party_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  monster_NN  as_RG  vicious_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Zambia_NP  national_JJ  congress_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda_NP  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  outlawed_VBN  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  the_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  lawlessness_NN  among_IO  \0UNIP_NP  supporters_NNS  went_VVD  back_RP  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  federal_JJ  parliament_NN  in_IO  Salisbury_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  cited_VVD  cases_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  \0UNIP_NP  supporters_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  arrested_VBN  or_CC  convicted_VBN  since_IO  last_DA  year_NN  on_IO  charges_NNS  of_IO  creating_VBG  disturbances_NNS  .  
  convicted_VBN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  three_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  trouble_NN  287_MC  incidents_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  reported_VBN  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  500_MC  people_NNS    167_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0UNIP_NP    were_VBDR  convicted_VBN  last_DA  month_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  province_NN  alone_RR  .  
    against_IO  this_DD1  background_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda's_PPIO2  repeated_JJ  statements_NNS  that_CS  all_DB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  non-violence_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  now_RL  compelled_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  accept_VV0  his_APP$  good_JJ  faith_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda_NP  must_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  statements_NNS  had_VHD  stimulated_VBN  violence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  nothing_PN1  to_TO  stop_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  again_RR  being_VBG  absent_JJ  from_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  when_CS his_APP$  followers_NNS  have_VH0  indulged_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  violence_NN  .    
  but_CCB  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ago_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  \0UNIP_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  get_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  what_DDQ  would_VM  happen_VV0  would_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  Mau_NP  Mau_NP  in_IO  Kenya_NP    seem_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  child's_NN1$  picnic_NN  .    
  John_NP  Dickie_NP  writes_VBZ  :_:  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  gave_VVD  top_JB  priority_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  clash_NN  over_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  Scotland_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  summoned_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Duncan_NP  Sandys_NP  ,_,  commonwealth_NN  relations_NNS  Secretary_NNSB1  for_IO  an_AT1  hour's_NN1$  talks_NNS  at_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  a_AT1  statement_NN  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  today_NN1  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  open_JJ  for_IO  modifications_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  constitution_NN  provided_CS  law_NN  and_CC  order_NN  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  its_APP$  terms_NNS  have_VH0  set_VBN  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  an_AT1  exacting_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Sandys_NP  has_VHZ  warned_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  reaction_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  to_IO  any_DD  suggestion_NN  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  fresh_JJ  concessions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  nationalists_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  has_VHZ  ample_JJ  evidence_NN  from_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Moffat_NP  ,_,  Northern_NP  Rhodesian_JJ  liberal_JJ  leader_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda_NP  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  moderates_NNS  and_CC  Africans_NP2  will_VM  reject_VV0  the_AT1  constitution_NN  unless_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  modified_VBN  .  
  in_IO  Africa_NP  a_AT1  clash_NN  :_:  in_IO  London_NP  a_AT1  welcome_NN  .  
  a_AT1  royal_JJ  welcome_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Kabaka_NNSB1  of_IO  Buganda_NP  (_(  King_NNSB1  Freddie_NP  )_)  from_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Elizabeth_NP  Bagaya_NP  of_IO  Toro_NP  ,_,  kneeling_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  airliner's_NN1$  steps_NNS  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  forty_MC  other_DA  Africans_NP2  greeted_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  kneeling_VBG  with_IO  heads_NNS  bowed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  princess_NN  ,_,  aged_JJ  24_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  studying_VBG  history_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  Prince_NNSB1  William_NP  of_IO  Gloucester_NP  .  
  King_NNSB1  Freddie_NP  and_CC  three_MC  other_DA  hereditary_JJ  rulers_NNS  of_IO  native_JJ  kingdoms_NNS  in_IO  Uganda_NP  arrived_VVD  for_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  Uganda_NP  constitutional_JJ  conference_NN  opens_VBZ  next_DA  Monday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  their_APP$  status_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  Uganda_NP  .  
  the_AT1  thorniest_JJT  problem_NN  for_IO  next_DA  week's_NN1$  conference_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  relationships_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  a_AT1  government_NN  report_NN  has_VHZ  recognised_VBN  their_APP$  rights_NNS  and_CC  recommended_VBN  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  federal_JJ  association_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  four_MC  kings_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  committing_VBG  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  not_XX  attending_VBG  the_AT1  actual_JJ  conference_NN  ,_,  although_CS  Buganda_NP  politicians_NNS  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  minute_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  kings_NNS  will_VM  remain_VV0  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  wait_VV0  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  conference's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  .  
  then_RL  their_APP$  views_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  transmitted_VBN  back_RP  .  
  Russell_NP  jailed_VBN  but_CCB  ban-the-bomb_JB  fight_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  .  
  Rab_NP  cracks_VBZ  down_RP  .  
  750_MC  extra_JJ  police_NNS  will_VM  bar_VV0  Sunday_NN1  squatters_NNS  .  
  by_IO  daily_JJ  mail_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  has_VHZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  head-on_RR  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  challenge_NN  to_IO  government_NN  authority_NN  yet_RR  presented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1    ban-the-bomb_JB    demonstrators_NNS  .  
  police_NNS  leave_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  cancelled_VBN  and_CC  secret_JJ  plans_NNS  prepared_VBN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  sit-down_JB  rally_NN  planned_VBN  for_IO  Sunday_NN1  in_IO  Parliament-square_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  anti-nuclear_JJ  arms_NNS  group_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  who_PNQS authorised_VVD  action_NN  which_DDQ  ended_VVD  yesterday_NN1  in_IO  32_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  being_VBG  imprisoned_VBN  for_IO  inciting_VBG  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  committee's_NN1$  president_NN  89-year-old_JB  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  61-year-old_JB  wife_NN  were_VBDR  each_DD1  jailed_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  playwrights_NNS  Arnold_NP  Wesker_NP  (_(  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  )_)  and_CC  Robert_NP  Bolt_NP  (_(  the_AT1  flowering_JJ  cherry_NN  )_)  were_VBDR  jailed_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
  measures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  might_VM  invoke_VV0  the_AT1  public_JJ  order_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1936_MC  ,_,  and_CC  declare_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  rally_NN  illegal_JJ    whether_CS  the_AT1  demonstrators_NNS  sit_VV0  down_RP  or_CC  not_XX    was_VBDZ  being_VBG  discussed_VBN  in_IO  Whitehall_NP  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  last_RR  used_VBN  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  rent_NN  riots_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  talks_NNS  with_IO  police_NNS  commissioner_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Joseph_NP  Simpson_NP  to_TO  draw_VV0  up_RP  final_JJ  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1    battle_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  Square_NNL1  .    
  measures_NNS  agreed_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  include_VV0  :_:  1_MC1  .  a_AT1  mass_NN  call-out_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  ,_,  special_JJ  constables_NNS  and_CC  reserves_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  750_MC  policemen_NNS  posted_VBN  from_IO  outlying_JJ  districts_NNS  to_IO  stations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN    West_NP  End_NP  Central_NP  ,_,  Bow-street_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Cannon-row_NP  .  \0Mr_NNSB1  Toure_NP  in_IO  Zagreb_NP  .  
  \0Pres_NNSB1  Tito's_PPIO2  policy_NN  for_IO  neutralism_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  correspondent_NN  .  
  Vienna_NP  ,_,  \0Jan_NN1  9_MC  .  
  President_NNSB1  Tito_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Se*?2kou_NP  Toure*?2_NP  arrived_VVD  today_NN1  in_IO  Zagreb_NP  ,_,  where_CS crowds_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  welcomed_VVD  the_AT1  Yugoslav_JJ  leader's_NN1$  guest_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  celebrating_VBG  his_APP$  thirty-ninth_MD  birthday_NN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  visit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  Guinea_NP  is_VBZ  evidently_RR  regarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Yugoslav_JJ  leader_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  Yugoslavia's_PPIO2  affinity_NN  with_IO  Asian_JJ  and_CC  African_JJ  countries_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  underline_VV0  his_APP$  support_NN  for_IO  anti-colonial_JJ  movements_NNS  .  
  coming_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  ,_,  soon_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  at_IO  Casablanca_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Yugoslav_JJ  press_NN  has_VHZ  written_VBN  much_DA  on_IO  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  leaders_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  placing_VBG  particular_JJ  stress_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  urgency_NN  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  Congolese_JJ  and_CC  Algerian_JJ  problems_NNS  and_CC  condemning_VBG  the_AT1    intervention_NN  of_IO  colonial_JJ  and_CC  neo-colonial_JJ    powers_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Se*?2kou_NP  Toure*?2's_PPIO2  stay_NN  in_IO  Yugoslavia_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  forthcoming_JJ  visits_NNS  of_IO  neutralist_JJ  leaders_NNS  from_IO  those_DD2  continents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  President_NNSB1  Tito_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  indicated_VBN  that_CS  soon_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  travel_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Indonesia_NP  arrived_VVD  in_IO  Belgrade_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  guest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Yugoslav_JJ  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  conference_NN  favoured_VBN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  such_DA  Yugoslav_JJ  activity_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  particularly_RR  intensified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  and_CC  though_CS  so_RG  far_RR  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  joint_JB  action_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  exchanges_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  seen_VBN  on_IO  any_DD  wider_JJ  basis_NN  ,_,  President_NNSB1  Tito_NP  is_VBZ  known_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  favoured_VBN  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  neutralist_JJ  leaders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wish_NN  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  apparent_JJ  in_IO  comments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  in_IO  Casablanca_NP  and_CC  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  in_IO  Yugoslav_JJ  approval_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inter-African_JJ  consultative_JJ  assembly_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  coordinate_VV0  activity_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  sphere_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  President_NNSB1  Tito_NP  would_VM  like_VV0  some_DD  such_DA  idea_NN  extended_VBN  also_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  uncommitted_JJ  world_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  now_RL  feels_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  changed_JJ  international_JJ  situation_NN  and_CC  especially_RR  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  fresh_JJ  problems_NNS  facing_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  independent_JJ  countries_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  is_VBZ  ripe_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  more_RG  frequent_JJ  consultations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  uncommitted_JJ  countries_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  common_JJ  stands_NNS  on_IO  various_JJ  problems_NNS  facing_VBG  those_DD2  nations_NNS  .  
  two_MC  subjects_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Congo_NP  and_CC  Algeria_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  main_JB  topics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  in_IO  Belgrade_NP    and_CC  on_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  two_MC  leaders_NNS  have_VH0  identical_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  Laos_NP  invitation_NN  to_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna_NP  .  
  request_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  correspondent_NN  .  
  Saigon_NP  ,_,  \0Jan_NN1  9_MC  .  
  two_MC  emissaries_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Laotian_JJ  government_NN  of_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Boun_NP  Oum_NP  have_VH0  arrived_VBN  in_IO  Phnom_NP  Penh_NP  ,_,  Cambodia_NP  ,_,  to_TO  invite_VV0  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna_NP  Phouma_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  Laos_NP  .  
  no_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  mission_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  disclosed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  earlier_RRR  in_IO  Laos_NP  that_CS  Prince_NNSB1  Boun_NP  Oum_NP  was_VBDZ  considering_VBG  asking_VBG  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna_NP  Phouma_NP  to_TO  join_VV0  his_APP$  government_NN  .  
  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna_NP  Phouma_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  replied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  recent_JJ  statements_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Phnom_NP  Penh_NP  indicate_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  still_RR  regards_VBZ  himself_PPX1  as_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  legal_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Laos_NP  .  
  his_APP$  policy_NN  of_IO  strict_JJ  neutrality_NN  from_IO  1951_MC  to_IO  1958_MC  kept_VVD  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  in_IO  peace_NN  ,_,  though_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  virtual_JJ  partition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  pro-communist_JB  north_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  pro-western_JB  centre_NN  and_CC  south_NN1  .  
    legal_JJ  government_NN    .  
  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna's_PPIO2  former_DA  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  information_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Quinim_NP  Pholsena_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS claims_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  his_APP$  representative_NN  in_IO  Laos_NP  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  addressed_VVD  all_DB  officers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pro-communist_JB  forces_NNS  occupying_VBG  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  Xieng_NP  Khouang_NP  and_CC  emphasized_VVD  that_CS  Prince_NNSB1  Souvanna's_PPIO2  government_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  legal_JJ  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  Prince_NNSB1  Souphannouvong_NP  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pro-communist_JB  Neo_NP  Lao_NP  Haksat_NP  party_NN  ,_,  also_RR  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  officers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  legality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  government_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  is_VBZ  not_XX  well_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  leadership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pro-communists_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  Xieng_NP  Khouang_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  tactically_RR  useful_JJ  Plain_NNL1  of_IO  jars_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  appear_VV0  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  firmly_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  claimed_VBN  the_AT1  recapture_NN  of_IO  Vang_NP  Vieng_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  pro-communists'_NN2  former_DA  base_NN  60_MC  miles_NNS  north_NN1  of_IO  Vientiane_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  claim_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  last_DA  month_NN  .  
  a_AT1  correspondent_NN  who_PNQS travelled_VVD  yesterday_NN1  to_IO  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  of_IO  Vang_NP  Vieng_NP  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  by_IO  officers_NNS  that_CS  this_DD1  village_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  held_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  pro-communists_NNS  .  
  new_JJ  image_NN  of_IO  liberal_JJ  party_NN  leader_NN  for_IO  Canadians_NP2  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  correspondent_NN  .  
  Ottawa_NP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  sunning_VBG  himself_PPX1  in_IO  Jamaica_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  cabinet_NN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  roots_NNS  making_VBG  160_MC  speeches_NNS  in_IO  80_MC  constituencies_NNS  in_IO  10_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  party_NN  are_VBR  holding_VBG  a_AT1  national_JJ  conference_NN  here_RL  with_IO  some_DD  2,000_MC  delegates_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  gathering_NN  since_IO  1958_MC  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Lester_NP  Pearson_NP  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  as_IO  party_NN  leader_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  testing_JJ  occasion_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  although_CS  some_DD  think_VV0  his_APP$  position_NN  unassailable_JJ  simply_RR  because_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  in_IO  sight_NN  to_TO  supplant_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  conference_NN  will_VM  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  laying_VBG  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  election_NN  .  
  conservative_JJ  stock_NN  low_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  rally_NN  comes_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS in_IO  spite_II  of_II  carefully_RR  worded_JJ  statements_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  electoral_JJ  expectancy_NN  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  are_VBR  basing_VBG  their_APP$  speeches_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  conservative_JJ  booklet_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  record_NN  speaks_VBZ  which_DDQ  outlines_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  detail_NN  the_AT1  accomplishments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  office_NN  three_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  nevertheless_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  illusion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  stock_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  unemployment_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  uncertain_JJ  economy_NN  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  saw_VVD  the_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  two_MC  conservative_JJ  provincial_JJ  governments_NNS  ,_,  Quebec_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Brunswick_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  federal_JJ  by-elections_NNS  last_DA  October_NN1  the_AT1  party_NN  fared_VVD  badly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  now_RL  faced_VBN  with_IO  four_MC  other_DA  by-elections_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  at_IO  Esquimalt_NP  Saanich_NP  ,_,  British_JJ  Columbia_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  in_IO  Leeds_NP  ,_,  Ontario_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  Maritimes_NP2    Restigouche_NP  Madawaska_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Brunswick_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Kings_NP  ,_,  Prince_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Island_NNL1  .  
  all_DB  four_MC  were_VBDR  conservative_JJ  strongholds_NNS  .  
  last_DA  September_NN1  a_AT1  public_JJ  poll_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  administration_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  power_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  were_VBDR  ahead_RR  (_(  43_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  were_VBDR  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  grits_NNS    if_CS  a_AT1  federal_JJ  election_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  last_DA  autumn_NN  ,_,  38_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  and_CC  12_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  \0C.C.F_NP  )_)  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  separate_JJ  poll_NN  revealed_VVD  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Diefenbaker_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  ahead_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  popularity_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  individual_JJ  leader_NN  (_(  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Diefenbaker_NP  36_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pearson_NP  34_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  .  
  how_CS far_RR  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lester_NP  Pearson_NP  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Canada_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  many_DA  observers_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  rally_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  seeking_VBG  an_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  for_IO  many_DA  to_TO  see_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pearson_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  popular_JJ  orator_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hustings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  spellbinder_NN  that_PNQS \0Mr_NNSB1  Diefenbaker_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  campaigns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  impression_NN  remains_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  leader_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  diplomatist_NN  ,_,  more_RRR  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  chancery_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  corridors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  father_NN  figure_NN  ,_,  so_RG  necessary_JJ  in_IO  Canadian_JJ  leadership_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  practical_JJ  politician_NN  ,_,  able_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  sewage_NN  problems_NNS  in_IO  Algoma_NP  East_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pearson_NP  excels_VBZ  in_IO  meeting_VBG  people_NNS  informally_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  many_DA  still_RR  regard_VV0  him_PPHO1    as_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  cross_NN  between_IO  an_AT1  egghead_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  missionary_NN    .  
  bow_NN  tie_NN  gone_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  party_NN  advisers_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  trying_VBG  to_TO  correct_VV0  that_DD1  image_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bow_NN  tie_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  having_VHG  lessons_NNS  on_IO  television_NN  techniques_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  being_VBG  coached_VBN  by_IO  speech_NN  experts_NNS  .  
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  done_VBN  to_TO  promote_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  image_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  much_RR  tougher_JJ  character_NN  politically_RR  than_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  took_VVD  over_RP  the_AT1  leadership_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mercilessly_RR  trounced_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Diefenbaker_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  in_IO  those_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  hard_JJ  road_NN  back_RP  but_CCB  now_RL  ,_,  with_IO  plenty_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  ammunition_NN  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  sessions_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  leading_VBG  the_AT1  opposition_NN  with_IO  skill_NN  and_CC  assurance_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  match_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  across_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pearson_NP  is_VBZ  now_RL  talking_VBG  about_IO    his_APP$  new_JJ  and_CC  dynamic_JJ  liberalism_NN    and_CC  this_DD1  week_NN  will_VM  show_VV0  perhaps_RR  how_CS far_RR    Mike_NP    will_VM  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  topic_NN  under_IO  review_NN  is_VBZ  unemployment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  21_MC  committees_NNS  examining_VBG  subjects_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  foreign_JJ  investment_NN  in_IO  Canada_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  provinces_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  this_DD1  election_NN  year_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pearson_NP  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  party_NN  increasingly_RR  confident_JJ  of_IO  return_NN  to_IO  power_NN  ,_,  must_VM  convey_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  stamp_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Canada_NP  .  
  Bonn_NP  doubts_NNS  on_IO  European_JJ  space_NN  project_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thorneycroft's_PPIO2  task_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  scepticism_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  correspondent_NN  .  
  Bonn_NP  ,_,  \0Jan_NN1  9_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thorneycroft_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  aviation_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS arrives_VBZ  in_IO  Bonn_NP  tomorrow_NN1  for_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  European_JJ  space_NN  satellite_NN  project_NN  ,_,  will_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  space_NN  research_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  sceptical_JJ  about_IO  British_JJ  plans_NNS  for_IO  organizing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  stated_VBN  more_RG  bluntly_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  still_RR  unconvinced_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  primarily_RR  an_AT1  effort_NN  on_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  part_NN  to_TO  salve_VV0  Blue_NP  Streak_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  abandoned_VBN  last_DA  summer_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  project_NN  ;_;  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  European_JJ  space_NN  satellite_NN  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  purely_RR  scientific_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thorneycroft's_PPIO2  main_JB  purpose_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  remove_VV0  these_DD2  doubts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  persuade_VV0  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  financial_JJ  burden_NN  involved_VBN  is_VBZ  really_RR  worth_IO  while_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS any_DD  increase_NN  in_IO  budgetary_JJ  commitments_NNS  would_VM  almost_RR  certainly_RR  involve_VV0  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  taxation_NN    something_PN1  no_PN1  one_PN  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  election_NN  year_NN  .  
  duplicated_JJ  effort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  satellite_NN  project_NN  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  *+60_NNU  \0m_MC  spread_VBN  over_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  ministry_NN  spokesman_NN  said_VVD  today_NN1  that_CS  west_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  mainly_RR  for_IO  budgetary_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX  signed_VBN  a_AT1  resolution_NN  adopted_VBN  at_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  conference_NN  in_IO  Geneva_NP  last_DA  December_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  called_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  up_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  European_JJ  convention_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  space_NN  satellite_NN  project_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  reason_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  convinced_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  ,_,  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  project_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  justified_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  scientific_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ;_;  and_CC  not_XX  merely_RR  constitute_VV0  a_AT1    prestige_NN    satellite_NN  ,_,  duplicating_VBG  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  American_JJ  efforts_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  Die_&FW  Welt_&FW  suggests_VBZ  today_NN1  in_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  critical_JJ  editorial_JJ  article_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  specific_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  Blue_NP  Streak_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thorneycroft's_PPIO2  task_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  rocket_NN  and_CC  launcher_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  reached_VBN  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  development_NN  for_IO  adaptation_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  in_IO  putting_VBG  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  satellite_NN  into_IO  outer_JB  space_NN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  some_DD  talk_NN  of_IO  adopting_VBG  another_DD1  British_JJ  rocket_NN  ,_,  Black_NP  Knight_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  French_NP2  have_VH0  one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  called_VBN  Veronique_NP  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  used_VBN  .  
  missile_NN  fears_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  reasons_NNS  for_IO  German_JJ  misgivings_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fear_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  French_NP2  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  especially_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  scientific_JJ  research_NN  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  more_RG  anxious_JJ  to_TO  develop_VV0  something_PN1  which_DDQ  could_VM  carry_VV0  an_AT1  atomic_JJ  warhead_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  manufacture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  any_DD  project_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  long-range_JB  missiles_NNS    which_DDQ  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  would_VM  contravene_VV0  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Brussels_NP  treaty_NN  .  
  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  ministry_NN  spokesman_NN  added_VVD  today_NN1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Brussels_NP  treaty_NN  was_VBDZ  irrelevant_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  research_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  rocket_NN  stages_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  been_VBN  concluded_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  cooperation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  capsule_NN  was_VBDZ  involved_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  lesser_JJ  obstacle_NN  to_IO  German_JJ  participation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  ministry_NN  or_CC  Minister_NNSB1  directly_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1    and_CC  therefore_RR  of_IO  any_DD  budget_NN  under_IO  which_DDQ  funds_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  appropriated_VBN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Eugen_NP  Sa"nger_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  society_NN  for_IO  rocket_NN  and_CC  space_NN  travel_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  arrived_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  representative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  experts_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  study_VV0  Blue_NP  Streak_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  taking_VBG  part_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  conference_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  project_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  meet_VV0  on_IO  January_NN1  30_MC  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  other_DA  ventures_NNS  .  
  during_IO  his_APP$  two-day_JB  stay_NN  in_IO  Bonn_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thorneycroft_NP  will_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  talks_NNS  with_IO  Herr_NNSB1  Strauss_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Erhard_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  economics_NN  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  von_&FW  Brentano_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Seebohm_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  transport_NN  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  discuss_VV0  various_JJ  plans_NNS  for_IO  joint_JB  research_NN  and_CC  development_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  items_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  vertical_JJ  take-off_NN  fighter_NN  aircraft_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  eventually_RR  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  Fiat_NP  G-91_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  F_ZZ1  104_MC  Starfighter_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  backbone_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  .  Mac_NP  given_VBN  his_APP$  orders_NNS  .  
  must_VM  join_VV0  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  Kennedy_NP  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporters_NNS  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  renewed_VVD  his_APP$  pressure_NN  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  during_IO  their_APP$  talks_NNS  at_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Whitehall_NP  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  three_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  20_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  discussion_NN  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  devoted_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  main_JB  point_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  arose_VVD  during_IO  talks_NNS  following_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  report_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  visit_NN  to_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  there_RL  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  clear_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  accept_VV0  Britain_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  only_RR  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  conditions_NNS  laid_VBN  down_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  and_CC  other_DA  reservations_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  told_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  still_RR  wanted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  apply_VV0  for_IO  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  an_AT1  unconditional_JJ  surrender_NN  .  
  Laos_NP  ,_,  Berlin_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  also_RR  brief_JJ  discussions_NNS  on_IO  Laos_NP  ,_,  Berlin_NP  and_CC  other_DA  foreign_JJ  questions_NNS  ,_,  after_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  had_VHD  informed_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  of_IO  his_APP$  discussions_NNS  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchov_NP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  40_MC  minutes_NNS  when_CS Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  ,_,  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  McGeorge_NP  Bundy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  special_JJ  assistant_NN  for_IO  security_NN  affairs_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  in_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  talked_VVD  alone_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  labour_NN  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  already_RR  have_VH0  many_DA  questions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  asking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  flew_VVD  from_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  in_IO  Washington_NP  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  30-minute_JB  nation-wide_JJ  broadcast_NN  and_CC  television_NN  report_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  talks_NNS  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchov_NP  this_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  communique_NN  .  
  the_AT1  joint_JB  communique_NN  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan's_PPIO2  third_MD  talks_NNS    the_AT1  first_MD  were_VBDR  at_IO  Key_NP  West_NP  ,_,  Florida_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  in_IO  Washington_NP    said_VVD  :_:  
    their_APP$  discussions_NNS  covered_VVD  the_AT1  major_JJ  problems_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  economic_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  revealed_VVD  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  close_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  governments_NNS  in_IO  pursuing_VBG  their_APP$  common_JJ  purposes_NNS  .  
    occasion_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_TO  review_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  economic_JJ  co-operation_NN  and_CC  expansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  developed_JJ  and_CC  underdeveloped_JJ  countries_NNS  alike_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  Premier_NNSB1  noted_VVD    with_IO  satisfaction_NN    the_AT1  agreement_NN  in_IO  Vienna_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  effective_JJ  Laos_NP  ceasefire_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  progress_NN  toward_IO  a_AT1  Laos_NP  agreement_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  conference_NN  .  
    particular_JJ  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  conference_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  disarmament_NN  .  
    the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  Germany_NP  was_VBDZ  reviewed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  rights_NNS  and_CC  obligations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  allied_JJ  governments_NNS  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .    
  apart_IO  from_II  their_APP$  formal_JJ  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  talks_NNS  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  lunch_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Dorothy_NP  Macmillan_NP  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  other_DA  guests_NNS  present_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  met_VVD  three_MC  more_DA  times_NNS  yesterday_NN1  .  
  pessimistic_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Rusk_NP  ,_,  \0U.S_NP  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  gave_VVD  a_AT1  90-minute_JB  briefing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  talks_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  15-nation_JB  Nato_NP  council_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  listeners_NNS  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    rather_RR  pessimistic_JJ    and_CC  talked_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  later_RRR  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  from_IO  Nato_NP  headquarters_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rusk_NP  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  and_CC  informed_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  outcome_NN  .  
  last_DA  night_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rusk_NP  arrived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  dinner_NN  and_CC  to_TO  fly_VV0  home_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  Duesseldorf_NP  ,_,  Chancellor_NNSB1  Adenauer_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  talks_NNS    might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  improvement_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  no_AT1  big_JJ  changes_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K_NP  gets_VBZ  home_NN1  in_IO  high_JJ  spirits_NNS  .  
  relaxed_JJ  ,_,  smiling_VBG  and_CC  clearly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  spirits_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchov_NP  yesterday_NN1  returned_VVD  to_IO  Moscow_NP  after_IO  his_APP$  two_MC  days_NNS  of_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  writes_VBZ  Dennis_NP  Ogden_NP  from_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  the_AT1  good_JJ  beginning_NN  made_VBN  at_IO  Vienna_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  new_JJ  efforts_NNS  for_IO  peace_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  communist_JJ  party_NN  newspaper_NN  Pravda_NP  declared_VVD  yesterday_NN1  .  
  events_NNS  in_IO  Vienna_NP    gave_VVD  hope_NN  to_IO  people_NNS  of_IO  goodwill_NN  who_PNQS hate_VV0  the_AT1  cold_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS are_VBR  striving_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  stable_JJ  peace_NN  ,_,    write_VV0  the_AT1  paper's_NN1$  two_MC  correspondents_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Austrian_JJ  capital_NN  .  
  good_JJ  beginning_NN  .  
    thinking_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  ,_,  peace-loving_JB  people_NNS  will_VM  say_VV0    a_AT1  good_JJ  beginning_NN  .      
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchov_NP  remained_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  President_NNSB1  Brezhnev_NP  in_IO  welcoming_VBG  \0Dr_NNSB1  Sukarno_NP  ,_,  President_NNSB1  and_CC  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Indonesia_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS arrived_VVD  by_IO  Boeing_NP  707_MC  jet_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  visit_NN  40_MC  minutes_NNS  after_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchov_NP  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  from_IO  Vienna_NP  .  
  a_AT1  cheering_JJ  ,_,  delighted_JJ  crowd_NN  of_IO  Indonesian_JJ  students_NNS  broke_VVD  through_IO  crash_NN  barriers_NNS  to_TO  surround_VV0  their_APP$  President_NNSB1  on_IO  the_AT1  tarmac_NN  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  chanting_VBG  his_APP$  name_NN  and_CC  waving_VBG  flowers_NNS  .  
  farewell_NN  speech_NN  .  
  in_IO  Vienna_NP  ,_,  before_IO  flying_VBG  off_RP  to_IO  Moscow_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchov_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  his_APP$  weekend_NN  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  would_VM  help_VV0    to_TO  establish_VV0  an_AT1  enduring_JJ  peace_NN  between_IO  nations_NNS  .    
  replying_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  farewell_NN  speech_NN  from_IO  Austrian_JJ  President_NNSB1  Schaerf_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Premier_NNSB1  thanked_VVD  Austria_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  hospitality_NN  and_CC  welcome_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  .  
    the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  has_VHZ  always_RR  striven_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  striving_VBG  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  an_AT1  enduring_JJ  peace_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  peoples_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  secure_VV0  an_AT1  early_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disarmament_NN  problem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  settlement_NN  of_IO  international_JJ  disputes_NNS  through_IO  negotiations_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Gaitskell_NP  defends_VBZ  Polaris_NP  ,_,  NATO_NP  and_CC  himself_PPX1  .  
  from_IO  George_NP  Sinfield_NP  .  
  Hastings_NP  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  today_NN1  delivered_VVD  a_AT1  full-blooded_JJ  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  missile_NN  base_NN  .  
  and_CC  by_IO  implication_NN  he_PPHO1  supported_VVD  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  sites_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  troops_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  main_JB  theme_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  defend_VV0  Britain_NP  ,_,  that_CS  Britain_NP  must_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  Nato_NP  and_CC    the_AT1  west_NN1    must_VM  have_VH0  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  has_VHZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  addressing_VBG  the_AT1  annual_JJ  congress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  and_CC  municipal_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  sure_JJ  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  round_RP  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  views_NNS  .  
  obviously_RR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fierce_JJ  and_CC  widespread_JJ  resentment_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  Polaris_NP  base_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  even_RR  noticed_VVD  that_CS  supporters_NNS  of_IO  unilateral_JJ  nuclear_JJ  disarmament_NN  were_VBDR  changing_VBG  their_APP$  tactics_NNS  by_IO  switching_VBG  most_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  emphasis_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  missile_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  alliance_NN  could_VM  not_XX  deny_VV0  facilities_NNS  to_IO  nations_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  allied_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  governments_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  and_CC  refuse_VV0  proposals_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  agree_VV0  .  
  outdated_JJ  Thor_NP  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  opposed_VVD  Thor_NP  missiles_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  and_CC  vulnerable_JJ  and_CC  would_VM  attract_VV0  enemy_NN  action_NN  .  
  that_DD1  argument_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  submarine_NN  .  
  so_PN1  long_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  had_VHD  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  somewhere_RR  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  them_PPHO1  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  better_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  weapon_NN  used_VBN  for_IO  retaliatory_JJ  purposes_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  under_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  on_IO  land_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  right_JJ  to_TO  oppose_VV0  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  depot_NN  ship_NN  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  agreed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unwise_JJ  to_TO  locate_VV0  the_AT1  base_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Holy_NP  Loch_NNL1  ,_,  only_RR  30_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  city_NN  with_IO  two_MC  million_MC  people_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  sited_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  remote_JJ  area_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  added_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  conference_NN  decisions_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  ,_,  truly_RR  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  opinions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  party_NN  members_NNS  and_CC  still_RR  less_RRR  the_AT1  party's_NN1$  supporters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  lest_CS  the_AT1  decisions_NNS  would_VM  mean_VV0  the_AT1  labelling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  future_JB  general_JJ  election_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX    care_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  and_CC  security_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  country_NN  .    
  after_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchov_NP  believed_VVD  Russian_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  retaliate_VV0  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  a_AT1  \0U.S_NP  attack_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  what_DDQ  stopped_VVD  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  resort_NN  from_IO  aggressive_JJ  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  certainty_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  annihilated_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  added_VVD  that_CS  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  unilateralists_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  respected_VVD  their_APP$  views_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  by_IO  reports_NNS  that_CS    those_DD2  who_PNQS organise_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS    were_VBDR  recommending_VBG  the_AT1  supporters_NNS  of_IO  unilateral_JJ  nuclear_JJ  disarmament_NN  to_TO  shift_VV0  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  intervention_NN  away_RP  from_IO  straight_JJ  opposition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  document_NN  on_RP  to_IO  opposition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  base_NN  .  
  nuclear_JJ  spread_NN  .  
  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  should_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  seriously_RR  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Nato_NP  alliance_NN  .  
    let_VV0  us_PPIO2   say_VV0  to_IO  Macmillan_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  press_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  of_IO  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  in_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  in_IO  central_JJ  Europe_NP  of_IO  a_AT1  zone_NN  of_IO  controlled_JJ  disarmament_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  reach_VV0  an_AT1  agreement_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  zone_NN  of_IO  controlled_JJ  disarmament_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  concluded_VVD  ,_,  declaring_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  present_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  opportunity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  chance_NN  that_PNQS should_VM  be_VB0  grasped_VBN  .  
  inter-union_JB  jealousies_NNS  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  fulfilment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  policy_NN  for_IO  wages_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  major_JJ  questions_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jack_NP  Cooper_NP  ,_,  president_NN  ,_,  declared_VVD  when_CS Congress_NP  opened_VVD  .  
  gap_NN  widened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  complained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  earnings_NNS  of_IO  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  in_IO  all_DB  industries_NNS  for_IO  men_NNS  over_IO  21_MC  ,_,  had_VHD  widened_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  ten_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  34_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  73_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cooper_NP  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  distortion_NN  arose_VVD  from_IO  enhanced_JJ  payments_NNS  agreed_VBN  at_IO  local_JJ  level_NN  .  
  local_JJ  negotiations_NNS  and_CC  bargaining_NN  by_IO  branch_NN  officers_NNS  and_CC  shop_NN  stewards_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  and_CC  some_DD  way_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  integrate_VV0  and_CC  co-ordinate_VV0  their_APP$  activities_NNS  in_IO  official_JJ  negotiating_NN  machinery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trades_NNS  union_NN  congress_NN  should_VM  therefore_RR  consider_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  consideration_NN  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  regrouping_NN  of_IO  unions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  modification_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  structures_NNS  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  growing_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  .  
  common_JJ  benefits_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cooper_NP  argued_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  common_JJ  industrial_JJ  contribution_NN  was_VBDZ  urgent_JJ    particularly_RR  in_IO  unions_NNS  serving_VBG  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  industry_NN    along_IO  with_II  common_JJ  benefits_NNS  paid_VBN  during_IO  strikes_NNS  and_CC  lock-outs_NNS  .  
  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  a_AT1  total_JJ  \0T.U.C_NP  membership_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  million_MC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1    poor_JJ  show_NN    compared_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  countries_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  argued_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  position_NN  needed_VVD  examination_NN  .  
    take_VV0  Polaris_NP  away_RP    letter_NN  .  
  Russell_NP  plea_NN  to_IO  President_NNSB1  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  before_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  met_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  about_IO  Polaris_NP  submarine_NN  bases_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  an_AT1  open_JJ  letter_NN  written_VBN  by_IO  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  hoping_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  visit_NN  to_IO  London_NP    will_VM  prove_VV0  fruitful_JJ    was_VBDZ  handed_VBN  in_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  embassy_NN  by_IO  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  .  
  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  ,_,  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  ,_,  told_VVD  Kennedy_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  take_VV0  notice_NN  of_IO    that_DD1  very_RG  large_JJ  and_CC  growing_JJ  section_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  opposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Polaris_NP  base_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  at_IO  Holy_NP  Loch_NNL1  or_CC  elsewhere_RR  on_IO  British_JJ  territory_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  already_RR  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  protests_NNS  but_CCB  that_CS    very_RG  much_RR  larger_JJ  protests_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  and_CC  are_VBR  being_VBG  planned_VBN  .    
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  kinds_NNS  of_IO  reasons_NNS  that_PNQS justify_VV0  the_AT1  protests_NNS  and_CC  these_DD2  should_VM  carry_VV0  weight_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  government_NN  ,_,  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  suggested_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  reasons_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  preserving_VBG  the_AT1  hitherto_RR  cordial_JJ  relations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  and_CC  Great_NP  Britain_NP  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  government_NN  circles_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  public_JJ  opinion_NN  .    
  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  says_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  profoundly_RR  regrettable_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  agitation_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  base_NN  has_VHZ  generated_VBN  some_DD  antagonism_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  reason_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  doubts_NNS  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  safety_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  ;_;    in_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  crisis_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  authorities_NNS  to_TO  exercise_VV0  any_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  Polaris_NP  submarines_NNS  .    
  in_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  argues_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  possibility_NN  that_CS  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Polaris_NP  base_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  might_VM  retaliate_VV0  against_IO  Britain_NP  alone_RR  .  
    such_DA  retaliation_NN  might_VM  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  would_VM  ,_,  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  ,_,  an_AT1  hour_NN    without_IO  provoking_VBG  American_JJ  retaliation_NN  .  
  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  believes_VBZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  questionable_JJ  whether_CS  British_JJ  membership_NN  of_IO  Nato_NP  and_CC  British_JJ  permission_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  bases_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  territory_NN  add_VV0  anything_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  America_NP  ,_,  while_CS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  impose_VV0  upon_IO  America_NP  an_AT1  onerous_JJ  obligation_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  may_VM  prove_VV0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  fulfil_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  third_MD  reason_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  interest_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN    east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  and_CC  uncommitted_JJ  nations_NNS    is_VBZ  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  .  
    a_AT1  rapidly_RR  growing_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  believes_VBZ  that_CS  Britain_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  effective_JJ  in_IO  preventing_VBG  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  neutral_NN  by_IO  helping_VBG  to_TO  suggest_VV0  agreements_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  by_IO  both_DB2  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  .      one_MC1  force_NN    aim_NN  for_IO  services_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  at_IO  work_NN  on_IO  five-year_JB  plan_NN  .  
  400,000_MC  regulars_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  call-up_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0H_NP  \0B_NP  Boyne_NP  ,_,  
  daily_JJ  telegraph_NN  political_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  white_JJ  paper_NN  on_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  published_VBN  in_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  contain_VV0  a_AT1  five-year_JB  plan_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  services_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  aim_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  produce_VV0  superbly_RR  equipped_JJ  ,_,  all-regular_JB  forces_NNS  of_IO  about_RR  400,000_MC  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  services_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0    integrated_VBN    to_IO  a_AT1  greater_JJ  extent_NN  than_CS  ever_RR  before_II  .  
  short_JJ  of_IO  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  uniform_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  contemplated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  navy_NN  ,_,  army_NN  and_CC  royal_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  single_JJ  defence_NN  force_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  complete_JJ  co-operation_NN  at_IO  all_DB  levels_NNS  in_IO  training_NN  and_CC  operations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  apply_VV0  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  command_NN  structure_NN  and_CC  central_JJ  administrative_JJ  organisation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  for_IO  some_DD  months_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  approval_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  numerous_JJ  meetings_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  Ministers_NNSB2  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  also_RR  had_VHN  talks_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Home_NP  ,_,  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  other_DA  Ministers_NNSB2  concerned_VBN  with_IO  overseas_JB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  defence_NN  policy_NN  .  
  voluntary_JJ  forces_NNS  .  
  recruiting_NN  confidence_NN  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  being_VBG  worked_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Chiefs_NNSB2  of_IO  staff_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  process_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  take_VV0  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  months_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  scheme_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  subject_JJ  to_IO  cabinet_NN  approval_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  remains_VBZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  policy_NN  initiated_VBN  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Sandys's_PPIO2  time_NN  as_IO  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  still_RR  correct_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  all-regular_JB  voluntary_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  national_JJ  serviceman_NN  out_RP  of_IO  uniform_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1962_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  regards_VBZ  the_AT1  recent_JJ  trend_NN  of_IO  recruiting_NN  figures_NNS  as_CS  encouraging_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  confident_JJ  the_AT1  aim_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  eventual_JJ  return_NN  to_IO  national_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  some_DD  form_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  entirely_RR  discounted_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  point_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reached_VBN  where_CS this_DD1  need_VM  even_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  service_NN  chiefs_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  dispute_NN  .  
  if_CS  national_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  ever_RR  resorted_VBN  to_IO  ,_,  engagement_NN  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  minimum_NN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  training_NN  modern_JJ  arms_NNS  require_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  enable_VV0  each_DD1  man_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  overseas_RR  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  truth_NN  in_IO  suggestions_NNS  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  is_VBZ  at_IO  odds_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  chiefs_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  dispense_VV0  with_IO  national_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  or_CC  over_IO  any_DD  other_DA  aspect_NN  of_IO  defence_NN  policy_NN  .  
  criticisms_NNS  about_IO  army_NN  manpower_NN  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  come_VBN  mainly_RR  from_IO  retired_JJ  officers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  held_VBN  high_JJ  positions_NNS  but_CCB  are_VBR  out_RP  of_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  the_AT1  utmost_JB  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0C.I.G.S_NNSB1  ,_,  Field-Marshal_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  Festing_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS believes_VBZ  completely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  all-regular_JB  army_NN  .  
  \0Gen_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Richard_NP  Hull_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  to_TO  succeed_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  equally_RR  convinced_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  is_VBZ  right_JJ  .  
  command_NN  change_NN  .  
  delay_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  hand_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Richard_NP  as_IO  from_II  \0Nov_NN1  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  hand-over_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  delayed_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  advisers_NNS  felt_VVD  the_AT1  change_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  unwise_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS attention_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  concentrated_VBN  on_IO  possible_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  important_JJ  military_JJ  operations_NNS  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  stayed_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  and_CC  sacrificed_VVD  his_APP$  leave_NN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  situation_NN  seems_VBZ  more_RG  stable_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  felt_VBN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  relinquish_VV0  his_APP$  duties_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  field-marshal_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  remains_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  active_JJ  list_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  another_DD1  important_JJ  post_NN  .  
  gains_NNS  for_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd's_PPIO2  party_NN  .  
  from_IO  Colin_NP  Reid_NP  ,_,  
  daily_JJ  telegraph_NN  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Cape_NNL1  Town_NNL1  ,_,  Thursday_NN1  .  
  an_AT1  electronic_JJ  computer_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  accurately_RR  forecast_VBN  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  previous_JJ  general_JJ  elections_NNS  put_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  South_NP  African_JJ  House_NNL1  early_RR  this_DD1  morning_NN  at_IO  104_MC  nationalists_NNS  and_CC  52_MC  united_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  national_JJ  union_NN  members_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  computed_JJ  8.4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  swing_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  party_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  the_AT1  disappearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  progressive_JJ  party_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  early_JJ  results_NNS  in_IO  yesterday's_NP1  general_JJ  election_NN  showed_VVD  nationalists_NNS  being_VBG  returned_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  strongholds_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  Bloemfontein_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Transvaal_NP  ,_,  with_IO  slightly_RR  increased_JJ  majorities_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  veteran_NN  united_JJ  party_NN  politician_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  standing_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  progressive_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  defeated_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  constituency_NN  ,_,  Salt_NP  River_NNL1  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  party_NN  candidate_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0M_NP  Timoney_NP  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Steytler_NP  defeated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  progressive_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Steytler_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Port_NNL1  Elizabeth_NP  South_NP  ,_,  announced_VBN  immediately_RR  afterwards_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  party_NN  candidate_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Plewman_NP  ,_,  left_VVD  the_AT1  progressives_NNS  deprived_VBN  of_IO  both_DB2  their_APP$  chief_JB  figures_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  de_&FW  Villiers_NP  Graaff_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  returned_VBN  unopposed_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  contests_NNS  were_VBDR  for_IO  86_MC  seats_NNS  as_CS  70_MC  nationalists_NNS  and_CC  20_MC  united_JJ  party_NN  candidates_NNS  are_VBR  unopposed_JJ  .  
  long_RR  before_CS  polling_NN  closed_VVD  at_IO  8_MC  \0p.m_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  voters_NNS  were_VBDR  bored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  frequent_JJ  appeals_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  electorate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  election_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fourth_MD  in_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  constituencies_NNS  it_PPH1  may_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  apathetic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  country's_NN1$  history_NN  .  
  mobilisation_NN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,  says_VBZ  Premier_NNSB1  .  
  fresh_JJ  check_NN  on_IO  fall-out_NN  ordered_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  disclosed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  last_DA  night_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  considered_VBN  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  recess_NN  whether_CS  to_TO  mobilise_VV0  reserves_NNS  necessary_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  army_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  war_NN  footing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  error_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  and_CC  to_TO  recall_VV0  parliament_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  hesitation_NN  in_IO  mobilising_VBG  if_CS  a_AT1  further_JB  deterioration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  warranted_VVD  such_DA  a_AT1  step_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  other_DA  measures_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  ,_,  economic_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  kind_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  winding_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  debate_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  party_NN  to_IO  accepting_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  principle_NN  the_AT1  imposed_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  Germany_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  rattled_VBN  into_IO  surrender_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX    and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX    be_VB0  afraid_JJ  of_IO  negotiation_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  earlier_RRR  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  asked_VBN  the_AT1  medical_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  to_TO  reassess_VV0  the_AT1  fall-out_NN  position_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  tests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  findings_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  public_JJ  .  
    stand_VV0  firm_JJ    call_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Avon's_PPIO2  maiden_NN  speech_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  vigour_NN  and_CC  authority_NN  which_DDQ  delighted_VVD  old_JJ  parliamentary_JJ  friends_NNS  and_CC  foes_NNS  alike_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Avon_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  Sir_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  Eden_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  maiden_NN  speech_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  gave_VVD  a_AT1  warning_NN  that_CS  appeasement_NN  over_IO  Berlin_NP  could_VM  only_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  war_NN  .  
  to_TO  stand_VV0  firm_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  invite_VV0  war_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  surest_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  avert_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  free_JJ  world_NN  could_VM  not_XX  yield_VV0  to_IO    atomic_JJ  blackmail_NN    and_CC  survive_VV0  .  
  getting_VBG  used_JJ  to_IO  anxiety_NN  .  
  Premier's_NNSB2  speech_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0T_NP  \0F_NP  Lindsay_NP  .  
  daily_JJ  telegraph_NN  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Westminster_NP  ,_,  Wednesday_NN1  .  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  get_VV0  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  anxiety_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  to-night_NN1  ,_,    and_CC  not_XX  let_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  drift_VV0  or_CC  be_VB0  pushed_VBN  into_IO  panic_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  rattled_VBN  into_IO  surrender_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  ,_,  afraid_JJ  of_IO  negotiations_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  curious_JJ  speech_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  wound_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  two-day_JB  debate_NN  on_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  chatty_JJ  monotone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  voice_NN  never_RR  rose_VVD  to_IO  any_DD  accent_NN  of_IO  urgency_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  in_IO  rapid_JJ  review_NN  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  secretariat_NN  ;_;  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  canard_NN  about_IO  British_JJ  interference_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ;_;  Kuwait_NP  ;_;  and_CC  south-east_NN1  Asia_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  short_JJ  half-hour_NN  on_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  deplored_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  some_DD    new_JJ  myth_NN    about_IO  betrayal_NN  of_IO  Germany_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  allies_NNS  .  
  Russia's_PPIO2  aim_NN  .  
  irrevocable_JJ  division_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    really_RR  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  want_VV0  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  a_AT1  final_JJ  and_CC  irrevocable_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  party_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  imposed_JJ  division_NN  .  
  but_CCB  negotiation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  debate_NN  had_VHD  shown_VBN  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  undertaken_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  bases_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  explained_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  deliberately_RR  refrained_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  from_IO  recalling_VBG  parliament_NN  or_CC  ordering_VBG  mobilisation_NN  by_IO  proclamation_NN  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  would_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  army_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  fully_RR  active_JJ  footing_NN  .  
  that_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  created_VBN  a_AT1  thoroughly_RR  undesirable_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  panic_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  more_RG  hopeful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  now_RL  realised_VVD  its_APP$  seriousness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  French_JJ  doubts_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RRR  about_IO  procedure_NN  than_CS  about_IO  substance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  attitude_NN  of_IO  studied_JJ  calm_NN  brought_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  debate_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  never_RR  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  rose_VVD  to_IO  fever_NN  pitch_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  sub-normality_NN  .  
  throughout_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan's_PPIO2  speech_NN  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Home_NP  ,_,  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  listening_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  peers'_NN2  Gallery_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  early_JJ  speakers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  debate_NN  each_DD1  severely_RR  rated_VVD  the_AT1  speech_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessor_NN  .  
  these_DD2  strictures_NNS  were_VBDR  all_RR  too_RG  well_RR  justified_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  started_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  plaintive_JJ  wailings_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  ,_,    shadow_NN    foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  described_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  as_CS    pedantic_JJ  and_CC  obscure_JJ  on_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  damaging_JJ  and_CC  obscure_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .    
  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber_NP  was_VBDZ  censured_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Shinwell_NP  ,_,  former_DA  labour_NN  defence_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  for_IO  having_VHG  read_VBN  the_AT1  House_NNL1  an_AT1  ill-prepared_JJ  essay_NN  .  
  too_RG  wide_JJ  a_AT1  range_NN  .  
  free-for-all_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  about_IO  such_DA  debates_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  range_VV0  too_RG  widely_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  remind_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  rugby_NN  match_NN  in_IO    Tom_NP  Brown's_PPIO2  schooldays_NNS  ,_,    in_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  the_AT1  boys_NNS  were_VBDR  welcome_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS   really_RR  meant_VVD  business_NN    removed_VVD  their_APP$  jackets_NNS  .  
  not_XX  many_DA  metaphorical_JJ  braces_NNS  were_VBDR  visible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  to-night's_NP1  debate_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  had_VHD  another_DD1  tilt_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  golf-course_NN  press_NN  conference_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  described_VVD  as_IO    a_AT1  display_NN  of_IO  flabby_JJ  and_CC  fatuous_JJ  complacency_NN  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   straight_RR  back_RP  to_IO  Neville_NP  Chamberlain_NP  .    
  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  reunification_NN  of_IO  Germany_NP  brought_VVD  a_AT1  bark_NN  of_IO      start_VV0  another_DD1  war_NN  !_!    from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ellis_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  \0Lab_NN  ,_,  Stoke_NP  on_IO  Trent_NP  \0S_NP  )_)  .  
  then_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  launched_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  pet_NN  theme_NN  of_IO  limitation_NN  of_IO  armaments_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  ,_,  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  ,_,  be_VB0  linked_VBN  with_IO  prohibition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  weapons_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  part_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  inspection_NN  and_CC  control_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  easier_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  territories_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  denounced_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  for_IO  using_VBG  double_JJ  standards_NNS  .  
  Ministers_NNSB2  had_VHD  rebuked_VBN  the_AT1  unaligned_JJ  nations_NNS  for_IO  not_XX  condemning_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  Russian_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  themselves_PPX2  had_VHD  no_AT1  condemnation_NN  for_IO  events_NNS  in_IO  Angola_NP  or_CC  Algeria_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  moral_JJ  attitudes_NNS  ,_,    especially_RR  when_CS the_AT1  temple_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  religion_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  bingo-parlour_NN  .    
  this_DD1  puzzled_VVD  such_DA  students_NNS  of_IO  comparative_JJ  religion_NN  as_CS  had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  detect_VV0  this_DD1  cult_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Healey_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  partial_JJ  and_CC  limited_JJ  success_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  rallied_VVD  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  left-wing_JB  opinion_NN  so_RG  coolly_RR  snubbed_VBN  last_DA  night_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  leader_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  .  
  scorn_NN  merited_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber's_PPIO2  speech_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber's_PPIO2  performance_NN  merited_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  mild_JJ  scorn_NN  heaped_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Shinwell_NP  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  tell_VV0  the_AT1  House_NNL1  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  asked_VBN  the_AT1  medical_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  to_TO  reassess_VV0  the_AT1  fall-out_NN  position_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  findings_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  happy_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  failure_NN  to_TO  condemn_VV0  France_NP  for_IO  her_APP$  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Sahara_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  only_RR  little_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  nursemaid_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  illegitimate_JJ  baby_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Godber_NP  muttered_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  cliche-ridden_JJ  foreign_JJ  office_NN  brief_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  resembles_VBZ  the_AT1  elephant_NN  seal_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  otherwise_RR  endearing_JJ  creature_NN  whose_PNQV$  articulation_NN  is_VBZ  limited_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  sighs_NNS  .  
  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  protest_VV0  at_IO  embassy_NN  .  
  Russian_JJ  tests_NNS  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  political_JJ  staff_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  Ungoed-Thomas_NP  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Leicester_NP  \0N.E_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  former_DA  labour_NN  Solicitor-General_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Barbara_NP  Castle_NP  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Blackburn_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  national_JJ  executive_NN  ,_,  delivered_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Soldatov_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  ,_,  last_DA  night_NN  protesting_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  signed_VBN  by_IO  60_MC  labour_NN  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  left-wing_JB  sympathisers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  condemned_VVD    the_AT1  pollution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  atmosphere_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  crime_NN  against_IO  humanity_NN  .    
  a_AT1  personal_JJ  letter_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  from_IO  Canon_NNSB1  Collins_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  for_IO  nuclear_JJ  disarmament_NN  ,_,  addressed_VBN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khruschev_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  also_RR  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  embassy_NN  .  
  mass_NN  lobbying_NN  .  
  a_AT1  political_JJ  correspondent_NN  writes_VBZ  :_:  
  ban-the-bomb_JB  demonstrators_NNS  thronged_VVD  the_AT1  central_JJ  lobby_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  last_DA  night_NN  and_CC  formed_VVD  a_AT1  queue_NN  stretching_NN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  200_MC  yards_NNS  outside_RP  in_IO  Old_NP  Palace_NNL1  Yard_NNL1  .  
  about_RR  2,000_MC  lobbied_VVD  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  and_CC  harangued_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  disarmament_NN  .  Mac_NP  and_CC  Lloyd_NP  whisper_VV0  .  .  
  early_JJ  curb_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  profit_NN  sharks_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Michael_NP  Stevenson_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  may_VM  speed_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  plans_NNS  to_TO  catch_VV0  speculators_NNS  in_IO  shares_NNS  and_CC  property_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  hint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  bowing_VBG  to_IO  public_JJ  opinion_NN  over_IO  his_APP$    July_NN1  budget_NN    came_VVD  dramatically_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  said_VVD  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  deal_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  next_DA  regular_JJ  budget_NN  with_IO  some_DD  profits_NNS  which_DDQ  now_RL  escape_VV0  tax_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Boyle_NP  ,_,  financial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  like_VV0  retrospective_JJ  legislation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  tax_VV0  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  people_NNS  buying_VBG  and_CC  selling_VBG  shares_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  period_NN  ,_,  those_DD2    stagging_VBG    on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  issue_NN  and_CC  property_NN  dealers_NNS  who_PNQS form_VV0  a_AT1  chain_NN  of_IO  companies_NNS  and_CC  put_VV0  one_MC1  property_NN  deal_NN  through_IO  each_DD1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Wilson_NP  ,_,  shadow_NN  Chancellor_NNSB1  ,_,  jumped_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  offer_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  an_AT1  easy_JJ  passage_NN  for_IO  such_DA  legislation_NN  .  
    why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  make_VV0  proposals_NNS  to_TO  legislate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .    \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  would_VM  n't_XX  call_VV0  it_PPH1  an_AT1  autumn_NN  budget_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  call_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  taxation_NN  management_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .    
  nodded_VVD  .  
  while_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  whispered_JJ  conversation_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  nodded_VVD  at_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  rose_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  would_VM  bear_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  offer_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  Guy_NP  Eden_NP  writes_VBZ  :_:  
  Treasury_NP  experts_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  .  
  profits_NNS  of_IO  genuine_JJ  investors_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  affected_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  quick_JJ  in-and-out_JB  speculator_NN  deals_NNS  .  
  Foulkes_NP  refuses_VBZ  suicide_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  Foulkes_NP  ,_,  communist_JJ  president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  ,_,  refused_VVD  yesterday_NN1  to_TO    commit_VV0  suicide_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  \0TUC's_PPIO2  invitation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  announcing_VBG  his_APP$  executive's_NN1$  rejection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ultimatum_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  .  
  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  call_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  resignation_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    our_APP$  rules_NNS  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  an_AT1  official_NN  resigns_VBZ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  allowed_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  again_RR  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  only_RR  2_MC  1/2_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  before_CS  I_PPIS1  retire_VV0  ,_,  so_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  invitation_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  good_JJ  friends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0TUC_NP  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  commit_VV0  hara-kiri_NN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  terms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  \0TUC_NP  demands_NNS  :_:  
  five_MC  leading_JJ  communists_NNS  must_VM  not_XX  hold_VV0  office_NN  for_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  ;_;  
  sub-committees_NNS  set_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  strip_VV0  secretary_NN  John_NP  Byrne_NP  of_IO  his_APP$  powers_NNS  must_VM  disband_VV0  in_IO  ten_MC  days_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  executive_NN  rejected_VVD  as_CS    wholly_RR  unacceptable_JJ    and_CC    unwarranted_JJ  interference_NN  .    
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  agreed_VVD  to_TO  postpone_VV0  operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sub-committees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  union_NN  now_RL  lays_VBZ  itself_PPX1  open_JJ  to_IO  suspension_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0TUC_NP  followed_VBN  by_IO  expulsion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  \0TUC_NP  committee_NN  will_VM  decide_VV0  next_DA  month_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  utopia_NN  1980_MC  .  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K_NP  shows_VBZ  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
  warlike_JJ  flows_VBZ  the_AT1  Neva_NP  .  
  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  naval_JJ  show_NN  ever_RR  seen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Neva_NP  was_VBDZ  staged_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  as_CS  Russia_NP  read_VVD  his_APP$  promises_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  communist_JJ  utopia_NN  by_IO  1980_MC  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  60_MC  ships_NNS  were_VBDR  rocket-carrying_JJ  craft_NNS  ranging_VBG  in_IO  size_NN  from_IO  torpedo-boats_NNS  to_IO  cruisers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  submarines_NNS    able_JJ  to_TO  strike_VV0  mighty_JJ  blows_NNS  ,_,    according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  \0TV_NN  commentator_NN  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  rocket_NN  craft_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  destroying_VBG  big_JJ  ships_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  controlled_VBN  automatically_RR  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  preparations_NNS  for_IO  launching_VBG  their_APP$  rockets_NNS  .  
  red_JJ  \0NATO_NP  .  
  applauding_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  banks_NNS  at_IO  Leningrad_NP  were_VBDR  thousands_MC2  now_RL  told_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  have_VH0  free_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  housing_NN  ,_,  light_NN  ,_,  heat_NN  ,_,  transport_NN  and_CC  medical_JJ  treatment_NN    all_DB  for_IO  a_AT1  working_NN  week_NN  of_IO  34_MC  to_IO  36_MC  hours_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  whole_JJ  naval_JJ  might_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  here_RL    a_AT1  truly_RR  inspiring_JJ  and_CC  proud_JJ  sight_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Moscow_NP  radio's_NN1$  commentator_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parade_NN  was_VBDZ  reviewed_VBN  by_IO  Marshal_NNSB1  Andrei_NP  Grechko_NP  ,_,  commanding_VBG  the_AT1  forces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Warsaw_NP  pact_NN  countries_NNS    the_AT1  communist_JJ    Nato_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  rocket-carrying_JJ  atomic_JJ  submarines_NNS  now_RL  formed_VVD  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  navy_NN  .  
  as_CS  Mac_NP  reveals_VBZ  his_APP$  momentous_JJ  decision_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  six_MC  .  
  lone_JB  tory_JJ  \0MP_NNSB1  lashes_VBZ  Premier_NNSB1  .  
  by_IO  Michael_NP  Stevenson_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan's_PPIO2  announcement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  of_IO  his_APP$  momentous_JJ  decision_NN  to_TO  apply_VV0  for_IO  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  provoked_VVD  a_AT1  violent_JJ  personal_JJ  attack_NN  by_IO  one_MC1    just_RR  one_MC1    of_IO  his_APP$  backbenchers_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  Fell_NP  (_(  Yarmouth_NP  )_)  called_VVD  the_AT1  decision_NN    shocking_JJ    and_CC  added_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  disastrous_JJ  thing_NN  any_DD  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  ,_,  many_DA  generations_NNS  .    
  \0MPs_NNSB2  shocked_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  best_JJT  service_NN  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  can_VM  do_VD0  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  resign_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  outburst_NN  shocked_VVD  \0MPs_NNSB2  of_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  .  
  even_RR  close_JJ  friends_NNS  were_VBDR  signalling_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  to_TO  stop_VV0  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  loud_JJ  cries_NNS  of_IO    shame_NN    from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  side_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  tears_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  chamber_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  five_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  to_TO  stand_VV0  just_RR  inside_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  looking_VBG  more_RG  composed_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  amazing_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  waved_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  at_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  .  
  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  infuriate_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  even_RR  more_RRR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  told_VBN  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .    
  protests_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  expected_VBN  from_IO  tory_JJ  rebels_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell's_PPIO2  attack_NN  was_VBDZ  unprecedented_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  accused_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO    political_JJ  double_JJ  talk_NN  .    
    disaster_NN    .  
    it_PPH1  had_VHD  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  former_DA  supporter_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  now_RL  thinks_VBZ  this_DD1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  national_JJ  disaster_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  most_DA  \0MPs_NNSB2  agreed_VVD  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell's_PPIO2  attack_NN  had_VHD  ,_,  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  rallied_VBN  support_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  this_DD1  apparently_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan's_PPIO2  assessment_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  confined_VVD  his_APP$  reply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  observation_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  had_VHD  probably_RR    maximised_VBN  his_APP$  support_NN  .    
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  other_DA  attacks_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  ferocity_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ample_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  conservative_JJ  and_CC  labour_NN  opposition_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  aired_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  debate_NN  tomorrow_NN1  and_CC  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  .  
  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  made_VVD  his_APP$  announcement_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  House_NNL1  was_VBDZ  crowded_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:    
  no_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  could_VM  join_VV0  the_AT1  European_JJ  economic_JJ  community_NN  without_IO  prior_JJ  negotiation_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  our_APP$  European_JJ  free_JJ  trade_NN  association_NN  partners_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  British_JJ  agriculture_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  right_JJ    .  
  near_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  statement_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  stated_VVD  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  intention_NN  :_:  
    after_IO  long_JJ  and_CC  earnest_JJ  consideration_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  government_NN  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  right_JJ  for_IO  Britain_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  formal_JJ  application_NN  .  .  for_IO  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  joining_VBG  the_AT1  community_NN  .    
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Paul_NP  Williams_NP  (_(  \0Cons_NN  ,_,  Sunderland_NP  )_)  called_VVD  out_RP  
    shame_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  close_JJ  associate_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fell_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  if_CS  negotiations_NNS  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  conclusion_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  consultation_NN  with_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  .  
  Mac_NP  sees_VBZ  Europe_NP  a_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  by_IO  Michael_NP  Stevenson_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  yesterday_NN1  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  commonwealth_NN    of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  vision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Europe_NP  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  hopes_VBZ  Britain_NP  can_VM  join_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  rejected_VVD  a_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  Britain_NP  would_VM  lose_VV0  its_APP$  identity_NN  in_IO  some_DD  future_JB  political_JJ  merger_NN  .  
    the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  federal_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  unreal_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Europe_NP  is_VBZ  too_RG  old_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  diverse_JJ  in_IO  tradition_NN  ,_,  language_NN  and_CC  institutions_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  .    
  in_IO  tune_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  commonwealth_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  was_VBDZ  much_RR  more_RRR  in_IO  tune_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  national_JJ  traditions_NNS  and_CC  ours_PP$  .  
  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  opening_VBG  a_AT1  two-day_JB  debate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  any_DD  part_NN  in_IO  determining_VBG  its_APP$  future_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  lead_VV0  better_RRR  from_IO  within_II  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  objection_NN  raised_VBN  by_IO  tory_JJ  critics_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  Fell_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS created_VVD  a_AT1  scene_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  on_IO  Monday_NN1  ,_,  took_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  position_NN  almost_RR  hidden_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  Serjeant_NNSB1  at_IO  arms'_NN2  chair_NN  .  
  tribute_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  said_VVD  we_PPIS2  could_VM  be_VB0  more_DA  help_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  gain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  than_CS  by_IO  isolation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  paid_VVD  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
    the_AT1  community_NN  (_(  common_JJ  market_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  imparted_VBN  an_AT1  impetus_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  economic_JJ  growth_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  idea_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  gripped_VBN  men's_NN2  minds_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  referring_VBG  to_IO  previous_JJ  negotiations_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  looked_VVD  towards_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Reginald_NP  Maudling_NP  .  
    these_DD2  were_VBDR  negotiations_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  played_VVD  a_AT1  conspicuous_JJ  part_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  dismissed_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  Britain_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  swamped_VBN  by_IO  cheap_JJ  labour_NN  .  
  our_APP$  industry_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  probably_RR  gain_VV0  .  
    many_DA  people_NNS  feel_VV0  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  too_RG  much_DA  shelter_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  draw_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  precise_JJ  balance-sheet_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  industry_NN  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  advantage_NN  probably_RR  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  markets_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  available_JJ    something_PN1  comparable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  or_CC  Russia_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hugh_NP  Gaitskell_NP  argued_VVD  that_CS  no_AT1  final_JJ  decision_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  until_CS  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  Premiers_NNSB2  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  .  
  conservatives_NNS  protested_VVD  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  in_IO  Europe_NP  last_DA  weekend_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  looked_VBN  upon_IO  as_IO  a_AT1  liability_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  this_DD1    by_IO  some_DD  people_NNS  of_IO  considerable_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  necessarily_RR  bound_VBN  for_IO  federalism_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
  tariffs_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  joined_VVD  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  food_NN  subsidies_NNS  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  tariffs_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  will_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  .    
  yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  gold_NN  rush_NN  ,_,  Selwyn_NP  .  
  budgette_NN  or_CC  no_AT1  budgette_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  spending_VBG  more_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  holiday_NN  season_NN  moves_VBZ  into_IO  top_JB  gear_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  August_NN1  bank_NN  holiday_NN  the_AT1  spending_NN  spree_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  all-time_JB  peak_NN  .  
  note_NN  circulation_NN  soared_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  sixth_MD  successive_JJ  week_NN    this_DD1  time_NN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  *+15,000,000_NNU  last_DA  week_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  brought_VVD  the_AT1  figure_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  record_NN  *+2,415,000,000_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  *+100,000,000_NNU  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  week_NN  last_DA  year_NN  and_CC  *+37,000,000_NNU  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  1960_MC  record_NN  set_VBN  last_DA  Christmas_NP  .  
  now_RL  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  coins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  big_JJ    squeeze_NN    means_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  arrange_VV0  a_AT1  loan_NN  or_CC  overdraft_NN  .  
  and_CC  banks_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  stricter_JJ  in_IO  recalling_VBG  existing_JJ  overdrafts_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  underlined_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  bank's_NN1$  weekly_JJ  return_NN  .  .  which_DDQ  shows_VBZ  that_CS  more_DA  than_IO  *+163,000,000_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  banks'_NN2  money_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  frozen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  special_JJ  deposits_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  banks_NNS  have_VH0  paid_VBN  in_RP  a_AT1  first_MD  instalment_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  *+8,000,000_NNU  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  budgette_NN  appeal_NN  .  
  about_RR  another_DD1  *+70,000,000_NNU  is_VBZ  due_JJ  by_IO  September_NN1  20_MC  .  
  for_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  about_RR  *+150,000,000_NNU  has_VHZ  been_VBN  frozen_VBN  .  
  \0K_NP  cries_VBZ  I_PPIS1  spy_VV0  Nazis_NP2  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  raises_VBZ  the_AT1  bogy_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  militarism_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  replies_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  on_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  repeats_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN    must_VM  be_VB0  solved_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  .    
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  three_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  memorandum_NN  to_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  were_VBDR  published_VBN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  tell_VV0  :_:  
  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  false_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  with_IO  Germany_NP  causes_VBZ  no_AT1  real_JJ  danger_NN  .  
  West_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  militarists_NNS  and_CC  revenge-seekers_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  hotbed_NN  of_IO  war_NN  danger_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  barbarously_RR  bombed_VBN  .  
  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  aided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  ,_,  Britain_NP  and_CC  France_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  more_DA  than_IO  enough_DD  forces_NNS  and_CC  arms_NNS  to_TO  touch_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  Britain_NP    
  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  wonder_VV0  at_IO  British_JJ  bases_NNS  being_VBG  put_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  disposal_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  very_DA  militarists_NNS  who_PNQS razed_VVD  Coventry_NP  and_CC  barbarously_RR  bombed_VVD  London_NP  and_CC  other_DA  British_JJ  cities_NNS  .  
  France_NP    
  one_MC1  can_VM  hardly_RR  conceive_VV0  the_AT1  French_NP2  are_VBR  not_XX  alarmed_JJ  .  .  
  next_DA  door_NN  ,_,  in_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  before_IO  everyone's_PN$  eyes_NNS  there_EX  has_VHZ  sprung_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  regular_JJ  army_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  former_DA  Nazi_JJ  generals_NNS  and_CC  officers_NNS  .  
  with_IO  fire_NN  and_CC  sword_NN  France_NP  denies_VBZ  Algeria_NP  the_AT1  right_NN  to_IO  self-determination_NN  and_CC  tramples_VBZ  on_IO  Tunisians'_NP2  right_NN  to_IO  independence_NN  .  
  West_NP  Germany_NP    
  Russia_NP  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  clear_JJ  realization_NN  that_CS  West_NP  Germany_NP  would_VM  not_XX  survive_VV0  even_RR  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  third_MD  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  rule_VV0  out_RP  such_DA  a_AT1  tragic_JJ  contingency_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  sign_VV0  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  cancerous_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin's_PPIO2  occupation_NN  status_NN  .  
  behind_IO  Bonn's_PPIO2  slogan_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  self-determination_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  intention_NN  to_TO  impose_VV0  on_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  the_AT1  regime_NN  existing_VBG  in_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  thousands_MC2  scared_VBN  by_IO  \0K_NP  trek_NN  out_RP  .  
  refugees_NNS  are_VBR  pouring_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  into_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  faster_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  speech_NN  scared_VVD  1,157_MC  East_NP  Germans_NP2  to_TO  cross_VV0  into_IO  west_NN1  Berlin's_PPIO2  reception_NN  centre_NN  during_IO  Monday_NN1  night_NN  .  
  and_CC  officials_NNS  expect_VV0  the_AT1  total_NN  to_TO  leap_VV0  to_IO  3,000_MC  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  this_DD1  figure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  surpassed_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  disturbances_NNS  on_IO  July_NN1  17_MC  ,_,  1953_MC  .  
  and_CC  officials_NNS  fear_VV0  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  refugee_NN  camps_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  overflow_VV0  and_CC  private_JJ  houses_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  follow_VV0  Winter_NP  at_IO  Sandown_NP  .  
  Team_NP  Spirit_NP  nap_NN  to_TO  repeat_VV0  his_APP$  Mildmay_NP  win_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  scout_NN  .  
  Team_NP  Spirit_NP  ,_,  winner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mildmay_NP  memorial_NN  'chase_NN  last_DA  January_NN1  ,_,  returns_VBZ  to_IO  Sandown_NP  today_NN1  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  stage_VV0  a_AT1  repeat_NN  .  
  strictly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  little_DA  chance_NN  of_IO  beating_VBG  Dandy_NP  Scot_NP    assuming_VBG  that_CS  Fred_NP  Winter's_PPIO2  mount_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  very_RG  close_JJ  thing_NN  12_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  not_XX  capsized_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  fence_NN  .  
  Team_NP  Spirit_NP  is_VBZ  12_MC  \0lb_NNU  worse_RRR  off_RP  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  is_VBZ  two_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  rival_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  made_VBN  the_AT1  greater_JJ  improvement_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  brighter_JJ  turn_NN  of_IO  finishing_NN  speed_NN  than_IO  Dandy_NP  Scot_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS only_RR  held_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  second_MD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Rhymney_NP  breweries_NNS  'chase_NN  through_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  indomitable_JJ  courage_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  relentless_JJ  driving_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  jockey_NN  .  
  good_JJ  form_NN  .  
  Limonalt_NP  ,_,  brought_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  Chavara_NP  when_CS well_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  fore_NN  at_IO  Cheltenham_NP  last_DA  month_NN  ,_,  earlier_RRR  beat_VBN  Frenchman's_NP  Cove_NNL1  here_RL    form_NN  that_PNQS looked_VVD  all_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  runner-up_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  trounce_VV0  Mandarin_NP  at_IO  Kempton_NP  .  
  Limonalt_NP  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  but_CCB  is_VBZ  tough_JJ  and_CC  game_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  stay_VV0  this_DD1  trip_NN  well_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  each-way_JB  long-shot_NN  and_CC  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  Dandy_NP  Scot_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  danger_NN  to_IO  Team_NP  Spirit_NP  (_(  2.35_MC  nap_NN  )_)  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  fails_VBZ  on_IO  Dandy_NP  Scot_NP  ,_,  Fred_NP  Winter_NP  is_VBZ  unquestionably_RR  the_AT1  jockey_NN  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  score_VV0  on_IO  Flame_NP  Gun_NP  (_(  1.30_MC  )_)  ,_,  Some_NP  Alibi_NP  (_(  3.5_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Tovaritch_NP  (_(  3.30_MC  )_)  .  
  blinkers_NNS  made_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  difference_NN  to_IO  Tovaritch_NP  at_IO  Hurst_NP  Park_NNL1  and_CC  ,_,  similarly_RR  equipped_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  much_RR  too_RG  good_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  village_NN  hurdle_NN  rivals_NNS  .  
  best_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  Chinese_NP  Pintall_NP  ,_,  favourably_RR  noted_VBN  when_CS sixth_MD  ,_,  running-on_VBG  ,_,  behind_IO  Luminarch_NP  here_RL  last_DA  month_NN  .  
  Flame_NP  Gun_NP  ,_,  unbeaten_JJ  here_RL  ,_,  seems_VBZ  well_RR  suited_VBN  to_IO  giving_VBG  away_RP  lumps_NNS  of_IO  weight_NN  in_IO  small_JJ  fields_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  faces_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Londesborough_NP  'chase_NN  .  
  capsized_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  whether_CS  Some_NP  Alibi_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  won_VBN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  not_XX  capsized_VBN  three_MC  fences_NNS  out_RP  at_IO  Windsor_NP  last_DA  Saturday_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  several_DA  lengths_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  King's_PPIO2  Nephew_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  probably_RR  made_VBN  a_AT1  close_JJ  race_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  too_RG  much_DA  speed_NN  ,_,  providing_CS  he_PPHO1  stands_VBZ  up_RP  ,_,  for_IO  Hal's_PPIO2  Hope_NP  ,_,  still_RR  far_RR  from_IO  a_AT1  clever_JJ  fencer_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  stand_NN  novices'_NN2  'chase_NN  .  
  top_JB  novices'_NN2  clash_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  where_CS Retour_&FW  de_&FW  Flamme_&FW  (_(  2.0_MC  )_)  ,_,  Tokoroa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Bandalore_NP  meet_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Packington_NP  'chase_NN  .  
  Retour_&FW  de_&FW  Flamme_&FW  allies_VBZ  his_APP$  always_RR  bright_JJ  turn_NN  of_IO  speed_NN  to_IO  brilliant_JJ  fencing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  strong_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  finish_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  rivals_NNS  .  
  Commandeer_NP  (_(  3.30_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  four-year-old_JB  hurdlers_NNS  seen_VBN  out_RP  so_RG  far_RR    though_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  saying_VBG  much_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  easy_JJ  task_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  event_NN  .  
  Retour_&FW  de_&FW  Flamme_&FW  for_IO  the_AT1    replay_NN    .  
  by_IO  Peter_NP  O'Sullevan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  finishing_NN  order_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1958_MC  champion_NN  hurdle_NN  ,_,  won_VBN  by_IO  Bandalore_NP  from_IO  Tokoroa_NP  and_CC  Retour_&FW  de_&FW  Flamme_&FW  (_(  2.0_MC  nap_NN  )_)  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  reversed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  unique_JJ  replay_NN  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  trio_NN  clash_VV0  at_IO  Birmingham_NP  over_IO  fences_NNS  .  
  Retour_&FW  de_&FW  Flamme_&FW  was_VBDZ  frequently_RR  backed_VBN  to_TO  beat_VV0  Tokoroa_NP  over_IO  hurdles_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  six_MC  encounters_NNS  he_PPHO1  never_RR  succeeded_VVD  .  
  and_CC  after_CS  each_DD1  had_VHD  staged_VBN  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  first-time_JB  effort_NN  over_IO  fences_NNS  Fred_NP  Rimell_NP  bet_VVD  Syd_NP  Warren_NP  that_CS  Tokoroa_NP  would_VM  again_RR  triumph_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  they_PPHS2  met_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  'chase_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Packington_NP  'chase_NN  will_VM  determine_VV0  the_AT1  bet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  Syd_NP  Warren_NP  proves_VBZ  the_AT1  winner_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  ,_,  Bob_NP  McCreery_NP  will_VM  complete_VV0  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  hat-trick_NN  .  
  for_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  previous_JJ  occasions_NNS  he_PPHO1  partnered_VVD  this_DD1  novice_NN  national_JJ  entry_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  won_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  Lewes_NP  (_(  on_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  )_)  and_CC  over_IO  hurdles_NNS  at_IO  Newton_NP  Abbot_NNSB1  .  
  anyway_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  race_NN  .  
  for_CS  Tokoroa's_PPIO2  Hurst_NP  Park_NNL1  running_NN  was_VBDZ  undoubtedly_RR  an_AT1  incorrect_JJ  reflection_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  true_JJ  ability_NN  .  
  while_CS  Bandalore_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  chance_NN  last_DA  time_NN  out_RP  to_TO  endorse_VV0  his_APP$  notable_JJ  first_MD  fencing_NN  effort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blot_NN  .  
  northern_JJ  Mildmay_NP  hope_NN  ,_,  Springbok_NP  arrived_VVD  at_IO  Sandown_NP  yesterday_NN1  in_IO  fine_JJ  trim_NN  after_IO  leaving_VBG  Middleham_NP  at_IO  5_MC  \0a.m_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  prove_VV0  a_AT1  blot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  handicap_NN    as_CS  connections_NNS  hope_VV0  .  
  Merganser_NP  also_RR  seems_VBZ  well_RR  treated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Johnny_NP  Lehane_NP  is_VBZ  confident_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  bold_JJ  bid_NN  by_IO  Miss_NP  Popsi_NP  Wopsi_NP  .  
  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  along_RP  with_IO  Dandy_NP  Scot_NP  (_(  2.30_MC  \0e.w_RR  )_)  on_IO  his_APP$  seventh_MD  run_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  where_CS his_APP$  first_MD  effort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1955-6_MC-MC  season_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fall_NN  two_MC  from_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  a_AT1  novices'_NN2  'chase_NN  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  won_VBN  two_MC  'chases_NNS  here_RL  and_CC  been_VBN  beaten_VBN  a_AT1  short_JJ  head_NN  over_IO  hurdles_NNS  .  
  Gerry_NP  Madden's_PPIO2  luck_NN  finally_RR  changed_VVD  yesterday_NN1    and_CC  what_DDQ  a_AT1  reception_NN  his_APP$  fellow_JB  jockeys_NNS  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1    when_CS King's_PPIO2  last-fence_JB  fall_NN  handed_VVD  the_AT1  Stanley_NP  'chase_NN  to_IO  Mandarin_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  now_RL  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  winner's_NN1$  confidence_NN  was_VBDZ  shaken_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  Chepstow_NP  fall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  miss_VV0  the_AT1  national_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gold_NN  cup_NN  preparation_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  29-year-old_JB  Gerry_NP  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  \0Mme_NNSB1  Kilian_NP  Hennessy_NP  has_VHZ  remained_VBN  so_RG  loyal_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  partner_VV0  him_PPHO1  henceforth_RR  .  
  problem_NN  horse_NN  Mossreeba_NP  even_RR  defied_VVD  Johnny_NP  Gilbert's_PPIO2  skill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  hurdle_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  struck_VVD  the_AT1  front_NN  after_IO  jumping_VBG  the_AT1  last_DA  but_CCB  as_CS  Keith_NP  Piggott_NP  says_VBZ  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  come_VV0  and_CC  beat_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  his_APP$  head_NN  in_IO  front_NN  up_RP  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ    and_CC  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  .    
  Avala_NP  compensated_VVD  the_AT1  stable_NN  when_CS a_AT1  doubtful_JJ  issue_NN  was_VBDZ  clinched_VBN  by_IO  Beldon_NP  Hall's_PPIO2  last-fence_JB  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mole_NN  handicap_NN  .  
  league_NN  \0v_IO  players_NNS    replay_NN  Wednesday_NN1  .  
  ministry_NN  stage_VV0  a_AT1  last-chance_JB  peace_NN  talk_NN  .  
  by_IO  Clive_NP  Toye_NP  .  
  an_AT1  urgent_JJ  peace_NN  move_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  last_DA  night_NN  could_VM  stop_VV0  soccer's_NN1$  headlong_JB  flight_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  strike_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  have_VH0  called_VBN  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  players'_NN2  leaders_NNS  together_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  next_DA  Wednesday_NN1    72_MC  hours_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  players'_NN2  strike_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_TO  begin_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  could_VM  end_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  postponement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strike_NN  notices_NNS  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  players'_NN2  leaders_NNS  are_VBR  keen_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  league_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  ideas_NNS    an_AT1  eased_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retain_NN  and_CC  transfer_NN  system_NN  .    
  this_DD1  new_JJ  system_NN  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  management_NN  committee_NN  on_IO  December_NN1  29_MC  ,_,  accepted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  players_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  rejected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  club_NN  chairmen_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN  ,_,  causing_VBG  the_AT1  present_JJ  crisis_NN  .  
    first-class_JJ  idea_NN    .  
  players'_NN2  leader_NN  Jimmy_NP  Hill_NP  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  absolutely_RR  first-class_JJ  idea_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  really_RR  work_VV0  in_IO  practice_NN  .  
    the_AT1  league_NN  clubs_NNS  feared_VVD  this_DD1  proposal_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  could_VM  rob_VV0  them_PPHO1  of_IO  too_RG  many_DA  players_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  so_PN1  .  
    with_IO  new_JJ  ,_,  longer_JJ  contracts_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  manager_NN  could_VM  sign_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  players_NNS  for_IO  one_MC1  year_NN  ,_,  some_DD  for_IO  two_MC  and_CC  some_DD  for_IO  three_MC  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  season_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  players_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  ask_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  move_NN  .    
  league_NN  president_NN  Joe_NP  Richards_NP  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  Barnsley_NP  home_NN1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  next_DA  Wednesday's_NP1  meeting_NN    if_CS  my_APP$  presence_NN  means_VBZ  avoiding_VBG  a_AT1  strike_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  waste_VV0  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  budging_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  transfer_NN  system_NN  .    
  the_AT1  players_NNS  now_RL  believe_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  instrument_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  26-year-old_JB  former_DA  England_NP  B_ZZ1  inside-forward_NN  Alfie_NP  Stokes_NP  .  
  strong_JJ  case_NN  .  
  Stokes_NP  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  legal_JJ  action_NN  against_IO  Fulham_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  last_DA  league_NN  club_NN  ,_,  claiming_VBG  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  league_NN  football_NN  .  
  Stokes_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  players_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  advised_VBN  ,_,  has_VHZ  an_AT1  even_RR  stronger_JJ  case_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  league's_NN1$  present_JJ  contract_NN  than_IO  George_NP  Eastham_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Newcastle_NP  star_NN  transferred_VBN  to_IO  Arsenal_NP  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  bitter_JJ  wrangle_NN  with_IO  Newcastle_NP  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  suggested_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  management_NN  on_IO  December_NN1  29_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  player_NN  due_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  offered_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  contract_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  club_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  details_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  terms_NNS  by_IO  May_NN1  19_MC  ,_,  accepting_VBG  or_CC  refusing_VBG  by_IO  May_NN1  31_MC  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  refused_VVD  to_TO  sign_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  league_NN  would_VM  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  another_DD1  club_NN  before_IO  June_NN1  30_MC  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  player_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  transferred_VBN  by_IO  June_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  club_NN  wished_VVD  to_TO  retain_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  club_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  *+15_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  transferred_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  happy_JJ  with_IO  10_MC  %_NNU  .  
  by_IO  Robert_NP  Findlay_NP  .  
  the_AT1  sports_NNS  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  sat_VVD  drinking_VBG  coffee_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  room_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  modest_JJ  Charterhouse-street_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  office_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  ,_,  accused_VBN  by_IO  football_NN  league_NN  secretary_NN  Alan_NP  Hardaker_NP  as_CS  being_VBG  the_AT1  man_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  strike_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hardaker_NP  hinted_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  enrol_VV0  all_DB  footballers_NNS  under_IO  his_APP$  banner_NN  ,_,  then_RL  hire_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  to_IO  clubs_NNS  at_IO  his_APP$  price_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  Jimmy_NP  Hill_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  footballers'_NN2  association_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  men_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  frontal_JJ  attack_NN  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  trying_VBG  a_AT1  soccer_NN  take-over_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  accused_VVD  the_AT1  fresh-faced_JJ  ,_,  fortyish_JJ  character_NN  who_PNQS offered_VVD  me_PPIO1  coffee_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  Irish_JJ  brogue_NN  .  
    you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  dictate_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  clubs_NNS  .    
  his_APP$  name_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  sighed_VVD  helplessly_RR  .  
    not_XX  on_IO  your_APP$  life_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  only_RR  a_AT1  literary_JJ  agent_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  earn_VV0  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  wolf_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .    
  Bagenal_NP  Harvey_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  name_NN  .  
  his_APP$  partner_NN  sat_VVD  opposite_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  name_NN  .  
  Denis_NP  Compton_NP  .  
  eleven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  enterprising_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harvey_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  specialise_VV0  in_IO  contributions_NNS  by_IO  well-known_JJ  sportsmen_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  enrolled_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  commission_NN  to_TO  endorse_VV0  articles_NNS  for_IO  newspapers_NNS  ,_,  periodicals_NNS  ,_,  books_NNS  ,_,  broadcasts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  advertising_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  guided_VVD  the_AT1  feet_NNS  of_IO  Denis_NP  Compton_NP  ,_,  Godfrey_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Surtees_NP  ,_,  Danny_NP  Blanchflower_NP  ,_,  Johnny_NP  Haynes_NP  ,_,  Trevor_NP  Bailey_NP  ,_,  and_CC  dozens_MC2  of_IO  other_DA  sportsmen_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  pitfalls_NNS  of_IO  Fleet-street_NP  towards_IO  contracts_NNS  based_VVD  on_IO  their_APP$  fame_NN  and_CC  personality_NN  as_IO  sportsmen_NNS  .  
    and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  interested_JJ  in_IO  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harvey_NP  helplessly_RR  .  
    ten_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  sportsmen_NNS  make_VV0  something_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  great_JJ  reputations_NNS  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harvey_NP  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  successful_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  aims_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  creates_VBZ  enemies_NNS  in_IO  sport_NN  and_CC  in_IO  Fleet-street_NP  through_IO  his_APP$  activities_NNS  in_IO  putting_VBG  a_AT1  price_NN  on_IO  sportsmen's_NN2  contributions_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  to_TO  say_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  behind_IO  the_AT1  strike_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  much_DA  nonsense_NN  ,_,    declared_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harvey_NP  heatedly_RR  .  
    why_CS .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  players'_NN2  contracts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  club_NN  pay_VV0  a_AT1  player_NN  so_RG  much_DA  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  .  
    a_AT1  strike_NN  's_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  put_VV0  my_APP$  clients_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  business_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  where_CS would_VM  I_PPIS1  be_VB0  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Hardaker_NP  knows_VBZ  Jimmy_NP  Hill_NP  is_VBZ  on_IO  my_APP$  list_NN  of_IO  contributors_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  our_APP$  deals_NNS  are_VBR  strictly_RR  business_NN  .  **"_**'  
  his_APP$  business_NN  .  
    Jimmy_NP  has_VHZ  legal_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  advisers_NNS  much_RR  better_RRR  qualified_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  than_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
    and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  enough_DD  to_TO  do_VD0  minding_VBG  my_APP$  own_DA  business_NN  without_IO  wasting_VBG  time_NN  dispelling_VBG  silly_JJ  rumours_NNS  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  hung_VVD  pictures_NNS  of_IO  sporting_NN  celebrities_NNS  signed_VBN  in_IO    many_NC2  thanks_NC2    terms_NNS  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  shelves_NNS  stood_VVD  sporting_NN  books_NNS  by_IO  his_APP$  contributors_NNS  .  
  Denis_NP  Compton_NP  broke_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  :_:  
    and_CC  ,_,  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  Bagenal_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  man_NN  an_AT1  England_NP  cricket_NN  team_NN  ever_RR  invited_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  tour_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  expense_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  before_IO  the_AT1  1957-58_MC-MC  tour_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  when_CS Bagenal_NP  said_VVD  half-jokingly_RR  before_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  team_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  with_IO  you_PPY  so-and-so's_NNS  .    
    the_AT1  next_DA  thing_NN  the_AT1  \0M.C.C_NP  lads_NNS  had_VHD  whipped_VBN  round_RP  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  *+500_NNU  and_CC  invited_VBN  Bagenal_NP  ,_,  through_IO  their_APP$  captain_NN  ,_,  Freddie_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  to_TO  go_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  ill_JJ  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  gesture_NN  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  call_VV0    highly_RR  commended_VBN    in_IO  any_DD  language_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  adieu_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  stripped_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  mystery_NN  ,_,  to_TO  finish_VV0  his_APP$  coffee_NN  and_CC  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  week's_NN1$  takings_NNS  at_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  Cheung_NP  from_IO  China_NP  faces_VBZ  Wolves_NP2  .  
  by_IO  Mike_NP  Langley_NP  .  
  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  half-time_NN  lemon_NN  and_CC  in_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  chop-suey_NN  .  for_CS  here_RL  comes_VBZ  Cheung_NP  Chi_NP  Doy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  full_JJ  Chinese_NN1  to_TO  play_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Blackpool's_PPIO2  outside_JB  outside_JB  left_NN  against_IO  Wolves_NP2  today_NN1  .  
  and_CC  Aston_NP  Villa_NP  assistant_NN  manager_NN  Dick_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS saw_VVD  19-year-old_JB  Cheung_NP  bamboozle_VV0  Villa_NP  reserves_NNS  on_IO  new_JJ  year's_NN1$  eve_NN  ,_,  offers_VBZ  this_DD1  testimonial_NN  :_:    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  not_XX  seen_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  balanced_JJ  player_NN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  team_NN  sooner_RRR  .    
  Cheung_NP  called_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  Blackpool_NP  last_DA  summer_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  for_IO  Formosa_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Olympics_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  Lancashire_NP  ,_,  forgot_VVD  Rome_NP  ,_,  and_CC  signed_VVD  professional_NN  for_IO  Blackpool_NP  in_IO  October_NN1  .  
  ten_MC  reserve_NN  games_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  five_MC  at_IO  centre_JB  forward_NN  ,_,  and_CC  seven_MC  goals_NNS    that_DD1  's_VBZ  Cheung's_PPIO2  record_NN  .  rugby_NN  union_NN  .  
  Newport_NP  nearly_RR  stick_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  .  
  Oxford_NP  fail_VV0  to_TO  combine_VV0  :_:  Willcox_NP  outstanding_JJ  at_IO  full-back_NN  .  
  by_IO  Rupert_NP  Cherry_NP  .  
  Newport_NP  .  14_MC  \0pts_NNU2  .  
  Oxford_NP  University_NNL1  .  5_MC  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  harder_JJ  work_NN  for_IO  Newport_NP  than_CS  the_AT1  score_NN  suggests_VBZ  .  
  come_VV0  rain_NN  ,_,  slime_NN  or_CC  mud_NN    and_CC  all_DB  were_VBDR  present_JJ  at_IO  Rodney_NP  Parade_NNL1    Newport_NP  always_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  retain_VV0  their_APP$  famous_JJ  and_CC  spectacular_JJ  technique_NN  of_IO  handling_NN  and_CC  backing-up_NN  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  almost_RR  came_VVD  unstuck_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  stuck_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  .  
  true_JJ  they_PPHS2  scored_VVD  two_MC  tries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  a_AT1  gift_NN  .  
  their_APP$  second_MD  penalty_NN  goal_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  category_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  margin_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  goal_NN  ,_,  two_MC  penalty_NN  goals_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  try_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  goal_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  somewhat_RR  flattering_JJ  .  
  Oxford_NP  put_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  fight_NN  and_CC  none_PN1  more_RRR  so_PN1  than_IO  their_APP$  courageous_JJ  captain_NN  ,_,  Willcox_NP  .  
  his_APP$  fielding_NN  ,_,  tackling_NN  and_CC  covering_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  complete_JJ  justification_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  selection_NN  for_IO  England_NP  against_IO  Ireland_NP  .  
  Oxford_NP  had_VHD  their_APP$  share_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  unlike_IO  Newport_NP  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  combine_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  team_NN  .  
  so_RR  their_APP$  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  short_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  few_DA  and_CC  far_RR  between_II  .  
  the_AT1  centres_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  tentative_JJ  thrusts_NNS  early_RR  on_RP  when_CS the_AT1  ground_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  cut_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  soon_RR  found_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  reduced_VBN  to_IO  kicking_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  all_RR  too_RG  often_RR  straight_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  Brown_NP  ,_,  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  Sharp_NP  at_IO  fly-half_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  justified_VBN  in_IO  preferring_VBG  to_TO  kick_VV0  rather_RR  than_CS  to_TO  set_VV0  his_APP$  line_NN  going_VBG  over_IO  ground_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  lightest_JJT  step_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  imprint_NN  .  
  early_JJ  rhythm_NN  .  
  Griffith's_PPIO2  poor_JJ  day_NN  .  
  Newport_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  such_DA  qualms_NNS  and_CC  swung_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  into_IO  their_APP$  handling_NN  rhythm_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Griffiths_NP  ,_,  at_IO  fly-half_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  bad_JJ  day_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  dropped_VVD  many_DA  passes_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  those_DD2  that_PNQS came_VVD  well_RR  to_IO  hand_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  break_NN  by_IO  Britton_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  half_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  handling_NN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  side_NN  and_CC  ended_VVD  with_IO  Ford_NP  dropping_VBG  the_AT1  ball_NN  with_IO  Wills_NP  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  scoring_JJ  pass_NN  .  
  Lewis_NP  soon_RR  kicked_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  his_APP$  two_MC  penalty_NN  goals_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  25_MC  while_CS  Willcox_NP  failed_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  shot_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  full-back_NN  redeemed_VVD  himself_PPX1  immediately_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  tackle_NN  on_IO  Lewis_NP  .  
  just_RR  after_IO  half-time_NN  an_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  mistake_NN  by_IO  Oxford_NP  caused_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  Newport_NP  try_NN  .  
  Ware_NP  rushed_VVD  in_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  attempting_VBG  to_TO  field_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  punt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Willcox_NP  had_VHD  well_RR  covered_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  collided_VVD  ,_,  neither_LE  secured_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  right-wing_NN  unguarded_JJ  ,_,  Wills_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  collect_VV0  and_CC  score_VV0  .  
  Lewis_NP  converted_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  kick_NN  .  
  lights_NNS  on_RP  .  
  Oxford_NP  encouraged_VBN  .  
  Oxford's_PPIO2  best_JJT  means_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  the_AT1  boot_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  this_DD1  manner_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  secured_VVD  their_APP$  only_DA  success_NN  .  
  McPartlin_NP  and_CC  Stafford_NP  hacked_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  from_IO  halfway_RR  ,_,  Lewis_NP  fell_VVD  and_CC  missed_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  McPartlin_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  score_VV0  ,_,  Willcox_NP  converting_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  ball_NN  and_CC  floodlights_NNS  gave_VVD  Oxford_NP  encouragement_NN  .  
  an_AT1  interception_NN  by_IO  McPartlin_NP  almost_RR  led_VVD  to_IO  another_DD1  try_NN  .  
  Griffiths_NP  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Ware_NP  was_VBDZ  only_RR  just_RR  held_VBN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  struggled_VVD  with_IO  three_MC  Newport_NP  men_NNS  clinging_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  towards_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  Newport_NP  recovered_VVD  their_APP$  poise_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  run_NN  by_IO  Jones_NP  brought_VVD  another_DD1  try_NN  .  
  Willcox_NP  stopped_VVD  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  Wills_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  touch-down_NN  .  
  Lewis_NP  just_RR  missed_VVD  the_AT1  conversion_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  when_CS Roberts_NP  was_VBDZ  caught_VBN  off-side_RR  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  posts_NNS  the_AT1  Newport_NP  full-back_NN  added_VVD  three_MC  more_DA  points_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  kick_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  .  
  eastern_JJ  counties_NNS  without_IO  Jeeps_NP  .  
  Barbarians_NP2  doubt_VV0  .  
  \0R_NP  \0E_NP  \0G_NP  Jeeps_NP  ,_,  England's_PPIO2  scrum-half_NN  and_CC  captain_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  counties_NNS  team_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  Devon_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  semi-final_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  championship_NN  at_IO  Torquay_NP  to-morrow_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  injured_VVD  a_AT1  shoulder_NN  playing_VBG  for_IO  Northampton_NP  at_IO  Bath_NP  last_DA  week_NN  .  
  \0R_NP  \0J_NP  Kent_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Wasps_NP2  ,_,  takes_VBZ  his_APP$  place_NN  .  
  Jeeps_NP  is_VBZ  playing_VBG  against_IO  Ireland_NP  at_IO  Lansdowne_NP  Road_NNL1  to-morrow_NN1  week_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  hopes_VBZ  to-morrow's_NP1  rest_NN  will_VM  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  recovery_NN  .  
  Cyril_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Wales_NP  and_CC  Cardiff_NP  centre_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS sustained_VVD  a_AT1  collapsed_JJ  knee_NN  tendon_NN  and_CC  burst_VVD  a_AT1  blood_NN  vessel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  match_NN  against_IO  England_NP  at_IO  Cardiff_NP  on_IO  \0Jan_NN1  21_MC  ,_,  may_VM  not_XX  play_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  Barbarians_NP2  against_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  Africans_NP2  at_IO  Cardiff_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  fitness_NN  test_NN  to-day_NN1  .  
  since_CS  Davies_NP  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  selected_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  for_IO  Wales_NP  against_IO  Scotland_NP  at_IO  Murrayfield_NP  to-morrow_NN1  week_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  take_VV0  any_DD  risks_NNS  in_IO  turning_VBG  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  Barbarians_NP2  .  
  Coventry_NP  at_IO  Guy's_PPIO2  .  
  Price_NP  ,_,  Coventry's_PPIO2  second-row_JB  forward_NN  and_CC  new_JJ  England_NP    cap_NN    against_IO  Ireland_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  recovering_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  cold_NN  and_CC  may_VM  not_XX  play_VV0  against_IO  Guy's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  at_IO  Coundon_NP  Road_NNL1  .  
  Coventry's_PPIO2  other_DA  England_NP  player_NN  ,_,  hooker_NN  Robinson_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  selected_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  but_CCB  may_VM  stand_VV0  down_RP  .  
  \0H_NP  \0J_NP  Wyman_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  senior_NN  from_IO  Bablake_NP  School_NNL1  ,_,  Coventry_NP  ,_,  replaces_VBZ  Cheltenham_NP  freshman_NN  \0D_NP  Protherough_NP  as_IO  hooker_NN  for_IO  Cambridge_NP  against_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  at_IO  Grange_NP  Road_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  only_DA  change_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  which_DDQ  drew_VVD  at_IO  Gloucester_NP  last_DA  week_NN  .  
  navy's_NN1$  weak_JJ  covering_NN  lets_VBZ  Swansea_NP  through_RP  .  
  by_IO  Arthurian_NP  .  
  Swansea_NP  .  16_MC  \0pts_NNU2  .  
  royal_JJ  navy_NN  .  3_MC  .  
  Swansea_NP  were_VBDR  too_RG  strong_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  navy_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  muddy_JJ  \0St_NNSB1  Helens_NP  pitch_NN  in_IO  heavy_JJ  rain_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  having_VHG  to_TO  concede_VV0  weight_NN  forward_RR  proved_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  seamen_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  lost_VVD  by_IO  two_MC  goals_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  tries_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  try_NN  .  
  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  determined_JJ  defence_NN  in_IO  midfield_NN  and_CC  casual_JJ  defensive_JJ  covering_NN  allowed_VVD  Swansea_NP  to_TO  score_VV0  tries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  greater_JJ  experience_NN  and_CC  vigour_NN  of_IO  Swansea_NP  ,_,  with_IO  five_MC  internationals_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  carried_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  after_IO  their_APP$  good_JJ  display_NN  against_IO  Newport_NP  the_AT1  navy_NN  failed_VVD  to_TO  reproduce_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  form_NN  .  
  although_CS  playing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  never_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  control_VV0  the_AT1  play_NN  .  
  at_IO  half-back_NN  Rodd_NP  was_VBDZ  closely_RR  marked_VBN  and_CC  his_APP$  partner_NN  Francis_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  happy_JJ  match_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  the_AT1  navy_NN  threequarters_NNS  saw_VVD  little_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  ball_NN  ,_,  although_CS  Tyrrell_NP  tried_VVD  hard_RR  .  
  Cormack_NP  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  sound_JJ  at_IO  full-back_NN  .  
  Thomas_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  and_CC  Palmer_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  best_JJT  forwards_NNS  .  
  best_JJT  forward_NN  .  
  Williams_NP  outstanding_JJ  .  
  Swansea's_PPIO2  front_JB  row_NN  of_IO  Williams_NP  ,_,  Gale_NP  and_CC  Lewis_NP  played_VVD  strongly_RR  with_IO  Williams_NP  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  forward_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  two_MC  new_JJ  halves_NNS  ,_,  Phillips_NP  and_CC  Lewis_NP  ,_,  showed_VVD  promise_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Mainwaring_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  centre_NN  .  
  Swansea_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  after_IO  33_MC  \0min_NNU  when_CS navy_NN  passing_NN  broke_VVD  down_RP  inside_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  half_NN  .  
  Harding_NP  booted_VVD  through_RP  and_CC  followed_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  beating_VBG  Sinclair_NP  and_CC  Cormack_NP  ,_,  to_TO  score_VV0  just_RR  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  dead-ball_JB  line_NN  .  
  the_AT1  navy_NN  replied_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  try_NN  when_CS Thomas_NP  robbed_VVD  Harding_NP  after_IO  a_AT1  line-out_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  through_RP  to_TO  send_VV0  Rodd_NP  over_RP  from_IO  25_MC  yards_NNS  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  Swansea_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  .  
  \0E_NP  Lewis_NP  went_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  a_AT1  scrum-five_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN  line_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  long_JJ  pass_NN  to_IO  Young_NP  enabled_VVD  the_AT1  centre_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  Bebb_NP  a_AT1  clear_JJ  run-in_NN  .  
  Mainwaring_NP  kicked_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  goal_NN  from_IO  far_RR  out_RP  .  
  five_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  Gale_NP  gathered_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  line_NN  and_CC  dived_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN  line_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  try_NN  .  
  after_IO  15_MC  minutes_NNS  the_AT1  navy_NN  again_RR  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  during_IO  passing_NN  and_CC  Mainwaring_NP  gathered_VVD  to_TO  race_VV0  away_RP  and_CC  jink_VV0  inside_IO  Cormack_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  try_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  converted_VVD  .  
  hospitals_NNS  match_NN  off_RP  .  
  the_AT1  second-round_JB  hospitals_NNS  cup-tie_NN  between_IO  Guy's_PPIO2  and_CC  Bart's_PPIO2  at_IO  Richmond_NP  athletic_JJ  ground_NN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  postponed_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pitch_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  provisionally_RR  arranged_VBN  for_IO  next_DA  Thursday_NN1  .  
  squash_NN  rackets_NNS  .  
  Azam_NP  top_JB  seed_NN  .  
  Azam_NP  Khan_NNSB1  ,_,  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  open_JJ  squash_NN  rackets_NNS  champion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  top_JB  seed_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  championship_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  \0RAC_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  from_IO  \0Feb_NN1  15-20_MC-MC  .  
  sporting_NN  commentary_NN  .  
  hockey_NN  .  
  John_NP  Conroy_NP  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  hockey_NN  correspondent_NN  .  
  opponents_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  hockey_NN  field_NN  this_DD1  season_NN  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  breathe_VV0  more_RG  freely_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  that_CS  John_NP  Conroy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  inside-forward_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  this_DD1  country_NN  has_VHZ  ever_RR  had_VHN  ,_,  is_VBZ  laid_VBN  as_RG  firmly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  as_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  outside_IO  prison_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  in_IO  hospital_NN  and_CC  there_RL  he_PPHO1  will_VM  stay_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  three_MC  weeks_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  broken_JJ  ankle_NN  bone_NN  pinned_VBN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  prolonged_JJ  rest_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  .  
  Conroy_NP  is_VBZ  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  selectors_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  problem_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  shaping_VBG  the_AT1  England_NP  attack_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  senior_JJ  members_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Lewis_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0L_NP  Holliwell_NP  ,_,  think_VV0  back_RP  uneasily_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  1956-57_MC-MC  season_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  Conroy_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Canada_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  from_IO  Melbourne_NP  following_IO  the_AT1  Olympic_JJ  games_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  England_NP  put_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  ill-assorted_JJ  attack_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ever_RR  remember_VV0  .  
  in_IO  five_MC  internationals_NNS  ,_,  ten_MC  forwards_NNS  were_VBDR  selected_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  line_NN  never_RR  played_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  order_NN  twice_RR  and_CC  England_NP  scored_VVD  just_RR  three_MC  goals_NNS  ,_,  losing_VBG  to_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  and_CC  Germany_NP  ,_,  beating_VBG  Wales_NP  and_CC  Scotland_NP  and_CC  playing_VBG  a_AT1  goalless_JJ  draw_NN  with_IO  Ireland_NP  .  
  these_DD2  facts_NNS  and_CC  figures_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  facing_VBG  the_AT1  selectors_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Conroy_NP  injured_VBN  and_CC  two_MC  other_DA  likely_JJ  candidates_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  forward_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  internationals_NNS  \0N_NP  \0M_NP  Forster_NP  and_CC  \0P_NP  \0B_NP  Austen_NP  ,_,  not_XX  available_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  also_RR  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  critics_NNS  of_IO  Conroy_NP  who_PNQS complained_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  slowed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  attack_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  meant_VVD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  that_CS  Conroy_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  that_PNQS bash_VV0  on_RP  regardless_RR  and_CC  hope_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  .  
  \0R_NP  \0D_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS played_VVD  outside_IO  Conroy_NP  on_IO  both_DB2  wings_NNS  for_IO  England_NP  ,_,  always_RR  says_VBZ  that_CS  nobody_PN1  else_RR  could_VM  place_VV0  the_AT1  ball_NN  so_RG  perfectly_RR  to_TO  create_VV0  an_AT1  opening_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  Smith_NP  is_VBZ  right_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  equally_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  more_DA  could_VM  and_CC  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  of_IO  Conroy's_PPIO2  remarkable_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  ball-control_NN  by_IO  moulding_VBG  the_AT1  attack_NN  round_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  calls_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  carefully_RR  planned_JJ  programme_NN  of_IO  coaching_NN  and_CC  training_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  drive_NN  and_CC  enthusiasm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  match_NN  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hockey_NN  association_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  \0S_NP  \0E_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  never_RR  so_RG  far_RR  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  .  
  lessons_NNS  from_IO  abroad_RR  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  home_NN1  countries_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  lag_VV0  behind_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  common_JJ  practice_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  accepted_VBN  that_CS  natural_JJ  talent_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  the_AT1  finer_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  team_NN  game_NN  as_RG  scientific_JJ  as_IO  football_NN  and_CC  twice_RR  as_RG  fast_JJ  .  
  nothing_PN1  is_VBZ  left_VBN  to_IO  chance_NN  that_PNQS careful_JJ  preparation_NN  can_VM  obviate_VV0  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  professional_JJ  coaches_NNS  of_IO  Indian_JJ  origin_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  employed_VBN  .  
  without_IO  going_VBG  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  that_DD1  England_NP  have_VH0  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  national_JJ  team_NN  coach_NN  in_IO  \0S_NP  \0D_NP  Dickins_NP  whose_PNQV$  methods_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  Hounslow_NP  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  club_NN  sides_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  unhappily_RR  ,_,  Dickins_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  so_RG  far_RR  enjoyed_VBN  the_AT1  financial_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  backing_NN  that_PNQS a_AT1  coach_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  produce_VV0  results_NNS  .  
  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tide_NN  .  
  Holland_NP  match_NN  preparation_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  some_DD  signs_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  sting_NN  of_IO  many_DA  defeats_NNS  suffered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  continental_JJ  countries_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  is_VBZ  slowly_RR  creating_VBG  its_APP$  own_DA  antidote_NN  .  
  plans_NNS  are_VBR  afoot_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  gather_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  training_NN  programme_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  producing_VBG  an_AT1  England_NP  team_NN  to_TO  play_VV0  Holland_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  team_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  do_VD0  justice_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  match_NN  marking_VBG  the_AT1  75th_MD  anniversary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hockey_NN  association_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  probable_JJ  players_NNS  and_CC  reserves_NNS  together_RR  for_IO  two_MC  full_JJ  week-ends_NNS  of_IO  coaching_NN  and_CC  training_NN  ,_,  to_TO  include_VV0  a_AT1  trial_NN  and_CC  wind_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  match_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  dress_NN  rehearsal_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Holland_NP  fixture_NN  in_IO  October_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  news_NN  .  
  England_NP  have_VH0  not_XX  beaten_VBN  Holland_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  matches_NNS  played_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  the_AT1  tide_NN  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  .  
  welcome_JJ  experiment_NN  .  
  penalty-shot_NN  proposal_NN  .  
  an_AT1  experiment_NN  which_DDQ  all_DB  ranks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  next_DA  season_NN  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  penalty_NN  bully_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  under_IO  fire_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  mainly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  severe_JJ  enough_RGA  on_IO  the_AT1  offending_JJ  team_NN  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  no_PN1  one_PN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  an_AT1  acceptable_JJ  alternative_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  international_JJ  federation_NN  are_VBR  to_TO  propose_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  hockey_NN  board_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  rules_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  penalty_NN  shot_NN  at_IO  goal_NN  be_VB0  substituted_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  penalty_NN  bully_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  flick_NN  or_CC  push_NN  shot_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  hit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ball_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  below_IO  shoulder_NN  height_NN  .  
  but_CCB  many_DA  details_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  under_IO  discussion_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  distance_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  shot_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  proposal_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  before_IO  the_AT1  \0IHB_NP  next_DA  May_NN1  .  
  until_CS  more_DA  is_VBZ  known_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  details_NNS  ,_,  judgment_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  reserved_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  initiative_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  .  William_NP  Hickey_NP  .  
  jockey_NN  judge_NN  will_VM  ride_VV0  on_IO  circuit_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Justice_NNSB1  Diplock_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  53-year-old_JB  Queen's_NNSB2  bench_NN  division_NN  judge_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  setting_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  Circuit_NP  on_IO  April_NN1  15_MC  despite_IO  the_AT1  pleas_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Diplock_NP  .  
  Circuit_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  add_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trusted_JJ  mount_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  point-to-point_NN  .  
  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Kenneth_NP  Diplock_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  ridden_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1    and_CC  lost_VBN    as_IO  a_AT1  \0Q.C_NNSB1  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  taking_VBG  part_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  court_NN  judge_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  views_VBZ  the_AT1  undertaking_NN  with_IO  some_DD  trepidation_NN  .  
  at_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    Circuit_NP  is_VBZ  getting_VBG  old_JJ  and_CC  though_CS  my_APP$  husband_NN  rides_VBZ  him_PPHO1  every_AT1  week_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Cottesmore_NP  hunt_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  hope_VV0  he_PPHO1  will_VM  not_XX  ride_VV0  him_PPHO1  next_DA  month_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  get_VV0  hurt_VBN  again_RR  .    
  but_CCB  no_AT1  doubt_NN  Lady_NNSB1  Diplock_NP  recalls_VBZ  an_AT1  accident_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  when_CS her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  horse_NN  fell_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  badly_RR  thrown_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  arm_NN  was_VBDZ  broken_VBN  and_CC  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  presided_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Old_NP  Bailey_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  arm_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sling_NN  ,_,  hidden_VBN  under_IO  his_APP$  robes_NNS  .  
  actually_RR  ,_,  for_IO  any_DD  young_JJ  barrister_NN  who_PNQS wants_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  modest_JJ  shillings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  judge_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  rider_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  racing_VBG  against_IO  five_MC  barristers_NNS  .  
  New_NP  Zealand's_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  fighter_NN  ace_NN  ,_,  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  Alan_NP  (_(  Lucky_NP  )_)  Deere_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS destroyed_VVD  21_MC  enemy_NN  aircraft_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  aide-de-camp_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0E_NP  Brufton_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  retiring_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  .  
  Deere_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  43_MC  and_CC  married_VBN  with_IO  two_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  deputy_NN  director_NN  of_IO  personnel_NNS  (_(  air_NN  )_)  at_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ministry_NN  .  
  work_NN  again_RR  .  
  Charmian_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  18-year-old_JB  niece_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Gloucester_NP  ,_,  returned_VVD  to_IO  modelling_NN  yesterday_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  accident_NN  that_PNQS put_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  hospital_NN  four_MC  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  a_AT1  fast_RR  disappearing_JJ  scar_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  leg_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  slightly_RR  discoloured_JJ  eye_NN    well-camouflaged_JJ  by_IO  make-up_NN    were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  visible_JJ  reminders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  accident_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  occurred_VVD  when_CS a_AT1  car_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  travelling_VBG  overturned_VVD  at_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  Corner_NNL1  .  
    I_PPIS1  still_RR  have_VH0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  other_DA  bruises_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Scott_NP  ,_,    but_CCB  fortunately_RR  they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  seen_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  appearing_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  fashion_NN  show_NN  put_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  Piccadilly_NP  firm_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Park-lane_NP  hotel_NN  .  
  among_IO  those_DD2  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  were_VBDR  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  George_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  elder_JJ  sister_NN  ,_,  Georgina_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  sales-girl_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  .  
  Georgina_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  envy_VV0  her_APP$  sister's_NN1$  much_RR  photographed_JJ  fame_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  honest_JJ  with_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  perfectly_RR  well_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  the_AT1  shape_NN  for_IO  modelling_VBG  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  just_RR  sell_VV0  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  she_PPHO1  models_VBZ  .    
  separate_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  German_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hans_NP  von_&FW  Herwarth_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  left_VBN  London_NP  to_TO  go_VV0  ski-ing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  Alps_NP2  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  left_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  for_IO  winter_NN  sports_NNS  in_IO  southern_JJ  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Tyrol_NP  .  
  said_VVD  a_AT1  spokesman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ambassador_NN  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  usually_RR  take_VV0  their_APP$  winter_NN  holidays_NNS  separately_RR  .  
  no_AT1  special_JJ  significance_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  .  
    the_AT1  ambassador_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  prefer_VV0  Italy_NP  to_IO  Austria_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  things_NNS  .    
  pioneering_NN  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  there_RL  .  
  Dorothy_NP  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Bruntisfield_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS left_VVD  England_NP  to_TO  farm_VV0  in_IO  Kenya_NP  10_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  returned_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  bought_VBN  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Belgravia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  move_VV0  in_RP  after_IO  Easter_NP  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  left_VVD  England_NP  in_IO  1951_MC  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  Kenya_NP  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  country_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  ,_,  wonderful_JJ  climate_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  restrictions_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  farm_NN    a_AT1  lone_JB  white_JJ  woman_NN    throughout_IO  the_AT1  Mau_NP  Mau_NP  troubles_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  frightened_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR    who_PNQS  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  .    but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  worth_IO  fighting_VBG  for_IO  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  yesterday_NN1  .  
    things_NNS  are_VBR  different_JJ  now_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  let_VBN  down_RP  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  African_JJ  politicians_NNS  making_VBG  trouble_NN  it_PPH1  might_VM  blow_VV0  up_RP  into_IO  another_DD1  Congo_NP  any_DD  day_NN  .    
  Lady_NNSB1  Bruntisfield_NP    first_MD  wife_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Bruntisfield_NP    sold_VVD  everything_PN1  before_IO  leaving_VBG  Kenya_NP  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Bruntisfield_NP  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  late_JJ  fifties_MC2  ,_,  still_RR  retains_VBZ  the_AT1  pioneering_NN  spirit_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  find_VV0  building_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  home_NN1  again_RR  rather_RR  exciting_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  challenge_NN  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  a_AT1  challenge_NN  .    
  drawback_NN  .  
  Katharine_NP  Worsley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent's_PPIO2  fiance*?2e_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  her_APP$  first_MD  public_JJ  appearance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  in_IO  a_AT1  theatre_NN  outing_NN  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  and_CC  unwittingly_RR  ,_,  poor_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  committed_VVD  a_AT1  minor_JJ  social_JJ  sin_NN  .  
  her_APP$  deep_RR  red_JJ  dress_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  told_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  eye_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  ,_,  clashed_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  black_JJ  and_CC  plum_JJ  sequined_JJ  dress_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  discovered_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  drawbacks_NNS  of_IO  royal_JJ  protocol_NN  :_:  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  able_JJ  to_TO  sit_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  fiance*?2_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  sat_VVD  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  were_VBDR  Prince_NNSB1  Philip_NP  and_CC  Princess_NNSB1  Alexandra_NP  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Vaudeville_NP  Theatre_NNL1  .  
  appropriately_RR    the_AT1  bride_NN  comes_VBZ  back_RP  .    
  old_JJ  boys_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  London's_PPIO2  odder_JJ  reunions_NNS  took_VVD  place_NN  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  Herr_NNSB1  Reinhold_NP  Eggers_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  former_DA  German_JJ  schoolmaster_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  security_NN  officer_NN  at_IO  Colditz_NP  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  camp_NN  for_IO  important_JJ  prisoners_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  met_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$    old_JJ  boys_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  dinner_NN  with_IO  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  Douglas_NP  Bader_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  London_NP  mews_NN  house_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  tea_NN  occasionally_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  Colditz_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Herr_NNSB1  Eggers_NP  urbanely_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  admired_VVD  his_APP$  spirit_NN  .    
  earlier_RRR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  joined_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Pat_NP  Reid_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  British_JJ  escape_NN  officer_NN  at_IO  Colditz_NP  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Knightsbridge_NP  pub_NN  .  
  Herr_NNSB1  Eggers_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  but_CCB  has_VHZ  never_RR  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  lost_VBN  his_APP$  schoolmasterly_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  pained_JJ  surprise_NN  that_CS  his_APP$    boys_NNS    did_VDD  not_XX  abide_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  .  
    now_RL  Reid_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  biggest_JJT  headaches_NNS  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  escaped_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hauled_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  coals_NNS  and_CC  almost_RR  wished_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  Reid's_PPIO2  which_DDQ  Eggers_NP  found_VVD  most_RG  infuriating_JJ  was_VBDZ  when_CS he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  punishment_NN  cell_NN  blowing_VBG  derisive_JJ  blasts_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  trumpet_NN  during_IO  roll_NN  call_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Harewood's_PPIO2  interest_NN  in_IO  music_NN  after_IO  Reid's_PPIO2  performance_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Harewood_NP  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  of_IO  his_APP$  prisoners_NNS  .  
    a_AT1  splendid_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Eggers_NP  .  
  cooking_NN  .  
  pretty_JJ  24-year-old_JB  Vanessa_NP  Marsh_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  father_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Marcus_NP  Marsh_NP  ,_,  trained_VVD  horses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Aga_NP  Khan_NNSB1  ,_,  has_VHZ  deserted_VBN  the_AT1  heaths_NNS  of_IO  Newmarket_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  kitchens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  officers'_NN2  club_NN  at_IO  Catterick_NP  Camp_NNL1  .  
  she_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  in_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  *+6_NNU  10_MC  \0s-a-week_NNS  assistant_NN  cook_NN  ,_,  preparing_VBG  lunch_NN  and_CC  dinner_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  officers_NNS  .  
  Vanessa_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  dancing_VBG  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  Parsons_NP  ,_,  half-brother_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Antony_NP  Armstrong-Jones_NP  ,_,  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  got_VVD  tired_JJ  of_IO  riding_VBG  horses_NNS  and_CC  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  change_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  cookery_NN  course_NN  .    
  landlord_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  juke_NN  box_NN  Elvis_NP  Presley_NP  throbbed_VVD  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  lonesome_JJ  tonight_NN1  .    
  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  table-tennis_NN  table_NN  the_AT1  portly_JJ  gentleman_NN  in_IO  baggy_JJ  tweeds_NNS  finished_VVD  his_APP$  game_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  adroit_JJ  smash_NN  which_DDQ  landed_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  smack_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  16-year-old_JB  shop-assistant_NN  opponent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Norfolk_NP  ,_,  Earl_NNSB1  Marshal_NNSB1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  in_IO  slightly_RR  unaccustomed_JJ  surroundings_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  opening_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  coffee_NN  bar_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Arundel_NP  youth_NN  club_NN  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  the_AT1  club_NN  has_VHZ  80_MC  members_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  rules_NNS  :_:  no_AT1  credit_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  obscene_JJ  language_NN  .  
  and_CC  since_CS  the_AT1  duke_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  landlord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  (_(  rent_NN  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  )_)  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  choice_NN  as_IO  guest_NN  of_IO  honour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  duke_NN  obviously_RR  enjoyed_VVD  his_APP$  table_NN  tennis_NN    (_(    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  table_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  castle_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  play_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS    )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  Presley_NP  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  unimpressed_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  bit_NN  old_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  almost_RR  apologetically_RR  ,_,    for_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .    
  Princess's_NNSB2  new_JJ  house_NN  gets_VBZ  *+70,000_NNU  refit_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  rumours_NNS  about_IO  jobs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  for_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Antony_NP  Armstrong-Jones_NP  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN    not_XX  even_RR  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS    spends_VBZ  *+70,000_NNU  on_IO  doing_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  house_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  occupiers_NNS  are_VBR  about_RP  to_TO  go_VV0  abroad_RR  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  are_VBR  settling_VBG  down_RP  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  1a_MC  ,_,  Kensington_NP  Palace_NNL1  (_(  above_II  )_)  is_VBZ  well_RR  suited_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  wing_NN  of_IO  Clock_NP  Court_NNL1  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Christopher_NP  Wren's_PPIO2  finest_JJT  examples_NNS  of_IO  domestic_JJ  architecture_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  about_IO  1690_MC  .  
  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  leads_VBZ  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  the_AT1  couple_NN  far_RR  more_DA  privacy_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  at_IO  \0no_NN  10_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  take_VV0  18_MC  months_NNS  to_TO  put_VV0  \0no_NN  1a_MC  in_IO  habitable_JJ  order_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  suffers_VBZ  from_IO  bomb_NN  damage_NN  ,_,  dry_JJ  rot_NN  ,_,  bad_JJ  plumbing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  inefficient_JJ  heating_NN  .  
  the_AT1  money_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  spent_VBN  on_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret's_PPIO2  new_JJ  home_NN1  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  fraction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  *+360,000_NNU  plan_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  staffs_NNS  up-to-date_JJ  accommodation_NN  .  
  William_NP  Hickey_NP  .  
  now_RL  young_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore_NP  heads_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Clore_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Whitechapel_NP  tailor's_NN1$  son_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  by_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ability_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  become_VBN  Britain's_PPIO2  best-known_JJT  man_NN  of_IO  property_NN  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  passed_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  brilliance_NN  on_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  .  
  at_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  when_CS most_DA  schoolboys_NNS  are_VBR  merely_RR  preparing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  \0G.C.E_NP  ,_,  16-year-old_JB  Alan_NP  Evelyn_NP  Clore_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  for_IO  Lincoln_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  .  
  a_AT1  fairly_RR  remarkable_JJ  achievement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  that_DD1  young_JJ  Clore_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  very_RG  lively_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  his_APP$  school_NN  friends_NNS  at_IO  Le_NP  Rosay_NP  School_NNL1  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  (_(  the_AT1  old_JJ  boys_NNS  include_VV0  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Shah_NNSB1  of_IO  Persia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Aga_NP  Khan_NNSB1  )_)  describe_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  likeable_JJ  lad_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  admitted_VBN  to_IO  Lincoln_NP  College_NNL1  without_IO  taking_VBG  an_AT1  examination_NN  because_CS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  ,_,  his_APP$  school_NN  work_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  outstanding_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  spokesman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  college_NN  says_VBZ  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  commoner_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  year_NN  beginning_VBG  in_IO  1962_MC  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore_NP  adds_VBZ  the_AT1  information_NN  ,_,  proud_JJ  as_CS  any_DD  parent_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  that_CS  his_APP$  son_NN  will_VM  study_VV0  philosophy_NN  ,_,  politics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  economics_NN  .  
  after_IO  taking_VBG  his_APP$  degree_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  read_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore's_PPIO2  marriage_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  French-born_JJ  wife_NN  Francine_NP  was_VBDZ  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  1957_MC  .  
  their_APP$  two_MC  children_NNS  Alan_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  sister_NN  Vivien_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  two_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  ,_,  were_VBDR  made_VBN  wards_NNS  of_IO  court_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  suggestions_NNS  recently_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  reconciliation_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Clore_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  staying_VBG  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore_NP  describes_VBZ  the_AT1  stories_NNS  as_IO    a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  nonsense_NN  .    
  and_CC  his_APP$  ex-wife_NN  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  her_APP$  visit_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  shop_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  her_APP$  doctor_NN  and_CC  dentist_NN  .  
  flying_VBG  out_RP  .  
  nine-year-old_JB  Christina_NP  Onassis_NP  ,_,  daughter_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Aristotle_NP  Onassis_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  ex-wife_NN  \0Mme_NNSB1  Tina_NP  Livanos_NP  ,_,  left_VVD  England_NP  for_IO  Paris_NP  yesterday_NN1  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  in_IO  Oxford_NP  where_CS she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  visiting_VBG  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  in_IO  hospital_NN  recovering_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  ski-ing_NN  accident_NN  .  
  Christina_NP  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  from_IO  Oxford_NP  to_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  in_IO  a_AT1  grey_JJ  Jaguar_NP    accompanied_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  nanny_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Lehane_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  aboard_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  passengers_NNS  .  
  wanted_VBN  :_:  a_AT1  star_NN  .  
  Madame_NNSB1  Lily_NP  Payling_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  contralto_NN  who_PNQS many_DA  times_NNS  packed_VVD  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Albert_NP  Hall_NNL1  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  singer_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  star_NN  .  
  \0Mme_NNSB1  Payling_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS now_RL  teaches_VBZ  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  started_VVD  the_AT1  Payling_NP  musical_JJ  society_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  through_IO  it_PPH1  she_PPHO1  encouraged_VVD  many_DA  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  singer_NN  from_IO  obscurity_NN  to_IO  concert_NN  status_NN  .  
  qualifications_NNS  required_VBN  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  good_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    patience_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  work_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  golf_NN  bargain_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  object_NN  lesson_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  concessions_NNS  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  make_VV0  after_IO  marriage_NN  .  
  former_DA  Wimbledon_NP  champion_NN  Budge_NP  Patty_NP  marries_VBZ  on_IO  April_NN1  5_MC  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  when_CS some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  London_NP  friends_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  flying_VBG  out_RP  there_RL  .  
  at_IO  36_MC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  giving_VBG  up_RP  full-time_JB  tennis_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  fears_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  too_RG  good_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  game_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  and_CC  his_APP$  26-year-old_JB  fiance*?2e_NN  Macina_NP  Sfezzo_NP  who_PNQS has_VHZ  lived_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  expert_JJ  skier_NN    far_RR  better_JJ  than_CS  Patty_NP  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  now_RL  .  
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  struck_VBN  a_AT1  bargain_NN  .  
  both_DB2  have_VH0  started_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  golf_NN  .  
  Patty_NP  got_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  clubs_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  wedding_NN  present_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  surprise_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  discovered_VBN  that_CS  although_CS  he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  tennis_NN  right-handed_RR  he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  golf_NN  left-handed_RR  .  
  Cavanagh_NP  designs_VBZ  for_IO  Katharine_NP  .  
  John_NP  Cavanagh_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  crinkle-faced_JJ  Irishman_NN1  who_PNQS started_VVD  his_APP$  career_NN    picking_VBG  up_RP  pins_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  Paris_NP  salon_NN    and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  London's_PPIO2  leading_JJ  couturier_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  chosen_VBN  by_IO  Katharine_NP  Worsley_NP  to_TO  design_VV0  her_APP$  wedding-dress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  marriage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  .  
  said_VVD  Cavanagh_NP  ,_,  46_MC  and_CC  for_IO  years_NNS  the_AT1  favourite_JB  designer_NN  of_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Alexandra_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  :_:  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  thrilling_JJ  things_NNS  that_PNQS has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  since_CS  my_APP$  shop_NN  opened_VVD  nine_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cavanagh_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  met_VBN  Miss_NNSB1  Worsley_NP  at_IO  Kensington_NP  Palace_NNL1  to_TO  talk_VV0  over_RP  ideas_NNS  .  Paul_NP  Tanfield_NP  .  
  as_CS  Tony_NP  and_CC  Topper_NP  make_VV0  an_AT1  Ascot_NP  debut_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  grandstand_NN  elite_NN  play_VV0  one-upmanship_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  6.55_MC  yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Norfolk_NP  wandered_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  lawns_NNS  of_IO  Ascot_NP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  *+1,000,000_NNU  stand_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  watched_VBN  rise_VV0  ,_,  brick-by-brick_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  clouded_VBN  with_IO  rain_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  wind_NN  had_VHD  littered_VBN  the_AT1  paddock_NN  with_IO  leaves_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  grace_NN  ordered_VVD  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  removed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  sweepers_NNS  came_VVD  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  prodded_VVD  the_AT1  turf_NN  and_CC  announced_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  going_NN  would_VM  be_VB0    a_RR  little_RR  soft_JJ  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  hopefully_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  and_CC  guessed_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  would_VM  come_VV0  well_JJ  .  
  lunch_NN  contest_NN  .  
  all_DB  did_VDD  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  and_CC  Ascot_NP  1961_MC  opened_VVD  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  glory_NN  .  
  the_AT1  crazy_JJ  costumes_NNS  and_CC  ridiculous_JJ  hats_NNS  .  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family_NN  driving_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  course_NN  .  .  
  Antony_NP  Armstrong-Jones_NP  making_VBG  his_APP$  Ascot_NP  debut_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  were_VBDR  on_IO  their_APP$  honeymoon_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  last_DA  year_NN  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  year_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  sports_NNS  at_IO  Ascot_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  horse-racing_NN    and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one-upmanship_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  boxes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  grandstand_NN  .  
  butlers_NNS  and_CC  waitresses_NNS  join_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  game_NN  along_IO  with_II  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  boxes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  vie_VV0  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  to_TO  produce_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  impressive_JJ  lunch_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  more_RG  difficult_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  seem_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  Ascot_NP  caterers_NNS  provide_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  food_NN  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  for_IO  everyone_PN1    from_IO  Charles_NP  Clore_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  Maharanee_NNSB1  of_IO  Baroda_NP  ,_,  from_IO  Lew_NP  Grade_NP  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Cornwallis_NP  .  
  pass_VV0  the_AT1  mustard_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  melon_NN  and_CC  smoked_JJ  salmon_NN  and_CC  lobster_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  cold_JJ  collation_NN  (_(  pronounced_VBN  coalition_NN  by_IO  at_RR  least_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  waitresses_NNS  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  )_)  and_CC  strawberries_NNS  and_CC  cream_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  were_VBDR  wines_NNS  to_IO  order_NN  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  had_VHD  champagne_NN    of_RR  course_RR  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  John_NP  Valentine_NP  arrived_VVD  from_IO  Sunbury-on-Thames_NP  clutching_VBG  her_APP$  cartwheel_NN  hat_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pot_NN  of_IO  mustard_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  like_VV0  my_APP$  mustard_NN  made_VBN  with_IO  sherry_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  risk_VV0  having_VHG  the_AT1  watered_JJ  kind_NN  .  
  Hylton's_PPIO2  wine_NN  .  
  Jack_NP  Hylton_NP  brought_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  wine_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  doors_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  someone_PN1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  a_AT1  lace_NN  tablecloth_NN  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  damask_NN  ones_CD1S  provided_VBN  .  
  John_NP  Topliss-Smith_NP  came_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  laundry_NN  hamper_NN  containing_VBG  crab_NN    a_AT1  present_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  host_NN  .  
    everyone_PN1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  lobster_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  really_RR  crab_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  nicer_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  laundry_NN  basket_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  done_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  food_NN  about_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  hamper_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  actually_RR  have_VH0  another_DD1  hamper_NN  .    
  on_RP  went_VVD  the_AT1  one-upmanship_NN  .  
  knowing_VBG  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  display_NN  ,_,  sales_NNS  consultant_NN  Major_NNSB1  Cyril_NP  Dennis_NP  had_VHD  pink_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  carnations_NNS  sent_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  Ascot_NP  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  peas_NNS  and_CC  cornflowers_NNS  provided_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  box_NN  .  
  before_CS  anyone_PN1  arrived_VVD  in_IO  Charles_NP  Clore's_PPIO2  box_NN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flower_NN  display_NN  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN    borrowed_VBN    for_IO  another_DD1  box_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  swift_JJ  china-changing_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  someone_PN1  slipped_VVD  into_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Moynihan's_PPIO2  box_NN  and_CC  swapped_VVD  a_AT1  cracked_JJ  plate_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  sound_JJ  one_MC1  there_RL  .  
  and_CC  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  regulation_NN  red_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  Ascot_NP  crockery_NN  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  do_VD0  much_DA  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  George_NP  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  Ervine_NP  arrived_VVD  bearing_VBG  a_AT1  silver_NN  cigarette_NN  box_NN  .  
  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  touch_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  along_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  blandly_RR  ,_,    to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  seem_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  more_RRR  like_IO  home_NN1  .  
    after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  to_IO  Ascot_NP  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  feel_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  picnicking_VBG  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    
  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  family_NN  is_VBZ  delighted_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  happiest_JJT  moment_NN  of_IO  royal_JJ  Ascot_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  three-year-old_JB  filly_NN  Aiming_NP  High_NP  had_VHD  won_VBN  the_AT1  coronation_NN  stakes_NNS    her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  first_MD  Ascot_NP  success_NN  since_IO  1959_MC  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  clearly_RR  delighted_JJ  ,_,  went_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  unsaddling_NN  enclosure_NN  .  
  all_RR  the_AT1  more_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  celebration_NN  last_DA  night_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  gave_VVD  her_APP$  Ascot_NP  guests_NNS  an_AT1  evening_NN  out_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  occupied_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  two_MC  rows_NNS  of_IO  Windsor's_PPIO2  Theatre_NNL1  royal_JJ  balcony_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  musical_NN  of_IO    Jane_NP  Eyre_NP  .    
  among_IO  the_AT1  guests_NNS    that_DD1  eligible_JJ  bachelor_NN  Nicholas_NP  Eden_NP  ,_,  30-year-old_JB  son_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  next_RR  to_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Alexandra_NP  .  
  we're-all-human_JB  quote_NN  :_:  
  during_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  :_:  
    please_UH  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  someone_PN1  ,_,  has_VHZ  this_DD1  got_VBN  a_AT1  happy_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  sad_JJ  ending_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  quite_RR  forget_VV0  .    
  Paul_NP  Tanfield_NP  .  
  Fabiola_NP  regrets_VBZ  .  but_CCB  baby_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  unofficial_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  visit_NN  off_RP    for_IO    her_APP$  state_NN  of_IO  health_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  surprising_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  royal_JJ  family_NN  so_RG  often_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  find_VV0  itself_PPX1  at_IO  loggerheads_NNS  with_IO  its_APP$  subjects_NNS  .  
  even_RR  royal_JJ  babies_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  rejoicing_NN  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_TO  drive_VV0  a_AT1  wedge_NN  between_IO  King_NNSB1  Baudouin_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  rumpus_NN  last_DA  week_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Pope_NNSB1  let_VVD  slip_VV0  the_AT1  news_NN  that_CS  Queen_NNSB1  Fabiola_NP  is_VBZ  expecting_VBG  a_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  row_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  official_JJ  announcement_NN  followed_VVD  .  
  yesterday_NN1  the_AT1  baby_NN  was_VBDZ  (_(  unofficially_RR  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  again_RR  .  
  King_NNSB1  Baudouin_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  queen_NN  postponed_VVD  next_DA  month's_NN1$  state_NN  visit_NN  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  admit_VV0  (_(  officially_RR  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  baby_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  reason_NN  .  
  the_AT1  king's_NN1$  counsellors_NNS  couched_VVD  their_APP$  communique_NN  in_IO  vague_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  merely_RR  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  queen's_NN1$  state_NN  of_IO  health_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  care_NN  it_PPH1  requires_VBZ  led_VVD  King_NNSB1  Baudouin_NP  and_CC  Queen_NNSB1  Fabiola_NP  to_TO  express_VV0  the_AT1  wish_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  visit_NN  be_VB0  postponed_VBN  .    
  not_XX  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  a_AT1  Brussels_NP  palace_NN  spokesman_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  queen's_NN1$    state_NN  of_IO  health_NN    meant_VVD  what_DDQ  everybody_PN1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  .  
  no_AT1  news_NN  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  so_PN1  officially_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  only_RR  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  queen's_NN1$  state_NN  of_IO  health_NN  .  
    the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  queen_NN  is_VBZ  expecting_VBG  a_AT1  baby_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  official_JJ  until_CS  an_AT1  official_JJ  announcement_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  .    
  even_RR  our_APP$  own_DA  Queen_NNSB1  did_VDD  not_XX  mention_VV0  the_AT1  baby_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  sent_VVD  a_AT1  telegram_NN  to_IO  King_NNSB1  Baudouin_NP  .  
  taking_VBG  its_APP$  tone_NN  presumably_RR  from_IO  Brussels_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  said_VVD  simply_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  and_CC  my_APP$  husband_NN  are_VBR  so_RG  sorry_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  welcome_VV0  your_APP$  majesties_NNS  to_IO  London_NP  in_IO  July_NN1  .  
    we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  soon_RR  to_TO  hear_VV0  good_JJ  news_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Fabiola's_PPIO2  health_NN  and_CC  send_VV0  you_PPY  both_DB2  our_APP$  best_JJT  wishes_NNS  .    
  in_IO  Belgium_NP  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  Queen_NNSB1  Fabiola's_PPIO2  subjects_NNS  were_VBDR  hoping_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  might_VM  hear_VV0  some_DD  good_JJ  news_NN  about_IO  her_APP$  health_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  some_DD  news_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  .  
  survival_NN  .  
  Wilfred_NP  Noyce_NP  ,_,  mountaineer_NN  ,_,  writer_NN  and_CC  schoolmaster_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Hunt's_PPIO2  Everest_NP  expedition_NN  in_IO  1953_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  giving_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  job_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  assistant_NN  master_NN  at_IO  Charterhouse_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Surrey_NP  public_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  writing_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  book_NN  south_NN1  col_NN  described_VVD  the_AT1  successful_JJ  assault_NN  on_IO  Everest_NP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  ,_,  Heinemann_NP  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  publishing_VBG  his_APP$  latest_JJT  mountaineering_NN  book_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-American_JJ  Karakoram_NP  expedition_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  life_NN  looks_NNS  promising_JJ  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Noyce_NP  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  Rosemary_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  Heinemann_NP  have_VH0  also_RR  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  survival_NN    he_PPHO1  published_VVD  an_AT1  article_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  survivors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Agadir_NP  earthquake_NN  in_IO  French_JJ  Morocco_NP  last_DA  year_NN    and_CC  Nelson_NP  have_VH0  commissioned_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  edit_VV0  an_AT1  atlas_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  mountain_NN  ranges_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  book_NN  ,_,  on_IO  survival_NN  in_IO  concentration_NN  camps_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  follow_VV0  later_RRR  .  
  altogether_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  ex-schoolmaster_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  surviving_VBG  himself_PPX1  .  
  take_VV0  your_APP$  pick_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  Stokowski_NP  .  
  that_DD1  former_DA  fire-eating_JJ  conductor_NN  Leopold_NP  Stokowski_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mellowed_JJ  man_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  yesterday_NN1  after_IO  his_APP$  rehearsals_NNS  for_IO  Sunday's_NP1  concert_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Philharmonia_NP  orchestra_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  his_APP$  remarkable_JJ  experiment_NN  in_IO  orchestral_JJ  democracy_NN  .  
  time_NN  was_VBDZ  when_CS this_DD1  great_JJ  disciplinarian_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rostrum_NN    as_RG  fierce_JJ  as_IO  Toscanini_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  rage_NN    had_VHD  his_APP$  own_DA  starch-like_JJ  ideas_NNS  about_IO  orchestral_JJ  positioning_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  week_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  allowing_VBG  the_AT1  Philharmonia_NP  players_NNS  to_TO  decide_VV0  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  where_CS they_PPHS2  sit_VV0  .  
    we_PPIS2  try_VV0  my_APP$  way_NN  and_CC  then_RL  their_APP$  way_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Stokowski_NP  .  
    then_RL  they_PPHS2  will_VM  vote_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  decide_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  way_NN  will_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  concert_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  just_RR  say_VV0  .  
    \0O.K_UH    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   have_VH0  the_AT1  good_JJ  concert_NN  .      
  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  white_JJ  head_NN  and_CC  insisted_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  on_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  intonation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  technicalities_NNS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  martinet_NN    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  martinetissimo_NN  !_!    
  London-born_JB  Stokowski_NP  ,_,  now_RL  79_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  reputation_NN  for_IO  highly_RR  individual_JJ  interpretations_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  prepared_JJ  ,_,  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  hissed_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS do_VD0  n't_XX  approve_VV0  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  :_:  
    if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  accepts_VBZ  applause_NN  when_CS people_NNS  like_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  man_NN  enough_DD  to_TO  accept_VV0  hissing_NN  from_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Ascot_NP  envy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  already_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  Kentucky_NP  Derby_NP  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  imitate_VV0  inimitable_JJ  Ascot_NP  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Evelyn_NP  Sharp_NP  ,_,  widow_NN  ,_,  hotel_NN  owner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  millionairess_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  here_RL  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  York_NP  State_NNL1  racing_NN  commission_NN  to_TO  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  subtleties_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  distinctly_RR  British_JJ  occasion_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  our_APP$  stylish_JJ  races_NNS  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    but_CCB  Ascot_NP  has_VHZ  an_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  something_PN1  special_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fashions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  parties_NNS  .  everything_PN1  .    
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  hires_VBZ  a_AT1  honeymoon_NN  plane_NN  .  
  complete_JJ  with_IO  hot_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  running_JJ  music_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  honeymoon_NN  ,_,  to_IO  Majorca_NP  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  *+420,000_NNU  aircraft_NN  known_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  chartered_VBN  through_IO  Hughie_NP  (_(  double_VV0  your_APP$  money_NN  )_)  Green_NP  .  
  the_AT1  plane_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  model_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  350-\0m.p.h_JB  Grumman_NP  Gulfstream_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  executive_JJ  aircraft_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  bought_VBN  by_IO  such_DA  connoisseurs_NNS  of_IO  luxury_NN  travel_NN  as_IO  Greek_JJ  shipping_NN  millionaire_NN  Stavros_NP  Niarchos_NP  and_CC  Fiat_NP  millionaire_NN  Umberto_NP  Agnelli_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Duke's_NNSB2  plane_NN  ,_,  n358aa_&FO  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Green_NP  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  quadruple_VV0  his_APP$  money_NN  through_IO  his_APP$  partnership_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  aircraft_NN  distributing_JJ  firm_NN  ,_,  flew_VVD  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  earlier_RRR  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  since_II  been_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  70,000-mile_JB  tour_NN  of_IO  25_MC  countries_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  middle_NN  east_NN1  and_CC  Africa_NP  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  flown_VBN  by_IO  King_NNSB1  Hussein_NP  of_IO  Jordan_NP  .  
  snacks_NNS  .  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  new_JJ  Duchess_NNSB1  will_VM  travel_VV0  in_IO  comfort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  24_MC  \0ft_NNU  passenger_NN  cabin_NN  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  royal_JJ  blue_JJ  carpet_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  seating_NN  for_IO  12_MC    in_IO  cosily-padded_JB  swivel_NN  armchairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  plane_NN  has_VHZ  hot_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  running_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  galley_NN  where_CS snacks_NNS  and_CC  hot_JJ  drinks_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  whipped_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  roomy_JJ  wardrobe_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  cocktail_NN  cabinet_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  en_&FW  route_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  couple_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  strains_NNS  of_IO  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  do_VD0  anything_PN1  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  dear_NN  ,_,  anything_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  music_NN  from_IO  other_DA  current_JJ  London_NP  musicals_NNS  .  
  .  and_CC  stereo_NN  .  
  Arthur_NP  Willcox_NP  ,_,  spokesman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  plane_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    the_AT1  plane_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  built-in_JB  stereo_NN  tape-recorder_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  play_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  four_MC  hours_NNS  it_PPH1  will_VM  take_VV0  to_TO  fly_VV0  to_IO  Majorca_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  recording_VBG  hits_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  shows_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  understand_VV0  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  likes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  air_NN  Commodore_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Fielden_NP  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  flight_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS recommended_VVD  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  after_IO  seeing_VBG  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  air_NN  show_NN  .  
    this_DD1  plane_NN  is_VBZ  purely_RR  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  model_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Willcox_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  normally_RR  do_VD0  charters_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  naturally_RR  honoured_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  should_VM  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  our_APP$  plane_NN  and_CC  happy_JJ  to_TO  oblige_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  and_CC  Duchess_NNSB1  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  fly_VV0  from_IO  Birkhall_NP  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  spent_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  honeymoon_NN  ,_,  to_IO  London_NP  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  take_VV0  off_RP  for_IO  Majorca_NP  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  American_JJ  pilot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Grumman_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  American_JJ  plane_NN  with_IO  24_MC  \0p.c_NNU  British_JJ  components_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  flown_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  American_NN1  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  Mike_NP  Guididas_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  aviation_NN  corporation's_NN1$  senior_JJ  pilot_NN  .  
  bitter_JJ  fight_NN  .  
  Prince_NNSB1  William_NP  of_IO  Gloucester_NP  ,_,  apparently_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family_NN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  travel_VV0  abroad_RR  without_IO  an_AT1  escort_NN  ,_,  spurned_VVD  even_RR  \0V.I.P_NN  treatment_NN  at_IO  Southend_NP  Airport_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  off_RP  to_IO  Calais_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  ,_,  Nicholas_NP  Tollemache_NP  ,_,  son_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Tollemache_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  car_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Sunbeam_NP  Rapier_NP  convertible_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  airport_NN  commandant_NN  ,_,  Bernard_NP  Collins_NP  ,_,  invited_VVD  him_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  lounge_NN    cool_JJ  ,_,  quiet_JJ  and_CC  empty_JJ    the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  turned_VVD  him_PPHO1  down_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  ham_NN  sandwich_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  half_NN  of_IO  bitter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  wait_VV0  five_MC  minutes_NNS  before_IO  being_VBG  served_VBN  .  
  afterwards_RR  ,_,  drinking_VBG  his_APP$  bitter_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  away_RP  for_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  or_CC  six_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_IO  Paris_NP  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    then_RL  making_VBG  for_IO  Greece_NP  via_IO  Yugoslavia_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  booked_VBN  up_RP  anywhere_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  just_RR  go_VV0  where_CS the_AT1  mood_NN  takes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .    
  today_NN1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  day_NN  for_IO  Bacall_NP  .  
  Lauren_NP  Bacall_NP  ,_,  widow_NN  of_IO  Humphrey_NP  Bogart_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  marry_VV0  in_IO  Vienna_NP  today_NN1    providing_CS  some_DD  missing_JJ  documents_NNS  arrive_VV0  in_IO  time_NN  from_IO  America_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  fiance_NN  ,_,  actor_NN  Jason_NP  Robards_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  planned_VBN  a_AT1  secret_JJ  wedding_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  Tudor_NP  surprise_NN  in_IO  Treasury_NP  office_NN  work_NN  .  
  30_MC  \0ft_NNU  long_JJ  wall_NN  and_CC  turret_NN  .  
  reconstruction_NN  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  offices_NNS  in_IO  Whitehall_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  some_DD  months_NNS  behind_IO  masses_NNS  of_IO  scaffolding_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  side_NN  and_CC  high_JJ  wooden_JJ  fences_NNS  on_IO  Horse_NP  Guards_NP  Parade_NNL1  ,_,  has_VHZ  surprised_VBN  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  Tudor_NP  brickwork_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  revealed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  impressive_JJ  discovery_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  wall_NN  ,_,  30_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  16_MC  \0ft_NNU  ,_,  roughly_RR  parallel_JJ  with_IO  Whitehall_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  stone_NN  window_NN  20_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  and_CC  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  broad_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  hall_NN  ,_,  later_RRR  converted_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  tennis_NN  court_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Henry_NP  8_MC  built_VVD  as_IO  an_AT1  adjunct_NN  to_IO  Whitehall_NP  Palace_NNL1  for_IO  the_AT1  recreation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  court_NN  .  
  the_AT1  north-west_NN1  turret_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  40_MC  ??_&FO  ,_,  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  uncovered_VBN  ,_,  its_APP$  upper_JB  part_NN  faced_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  decorative_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  flint_NN  and_CC  stone_NN  .  
  iron_NN  reinforcement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  east_NN1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  abutting_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  Whitehall_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  demolished_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Barry_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  rebuilt_VVD  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  offices_NNS  in_IO  1847_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  credited_VBN  now_RL  with_IO  unsuspected_JJ  forbearance_NN  in_IO  having_VHG  left_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  front_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  side_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Barry_NP  reinforced_VVD  the_AT1  floors_NNS  with_IO  iron_NN  albeit_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  thrusting_VBG  the_AT1  iron_NN  into_IO  Tudor_NP  window_NN  arches_NNS    is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  experts_NNS  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  deliberately_RR  striving_VBG  to_TO  preserve_VV0  the_AT1  west_NN1  wall_NN  of_IO  Henry_NP  8's_CD$  hall_NN  .  
  another_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  smaller_JJ  ,_,  tennis_NN  court_NN  which_DDQ  stood_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  destroyed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  except_IO  for_II  its_APP$  north_NN1  end_NN  wall_NN  .  
  this_DD1  wall_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  freed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  plaster_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  covered_VBN  it_PPH1  through_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  to_IO  almost_RR  its_APP$  full_JJ  height_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  windows_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  floor_NN  ,_,  retains_VBZ  its_APP$  Tudor_NP  ironwork_NN  .  
  a_AT1  two-storeyed_JJ  gallery_NN  ,_,  connecting_VBG  the_AT1  great_JJ  hall_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  tennis_NN  court_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  survived_VBN  all_DB  rebuilding_NN  operations_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  Whitehall_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  stripping_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  wall_NN  coverings_NNS  has_VHZ  now_RL  revealed_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  window_NN  openings_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  proved_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  Tudor_NP  windows_NNS  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  rebuilding_NN  operations_NNS  were_VBDR  fakes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  stone_NN  Tudor_NP  fireplace_NN  now_RL  uncovered_VBN  being_VBG  considerably_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  sham_JJ  Tudor_NP  windows_NNS  .  
  Cockpit_NP  Passage_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  in_IO  former_DA  times_NNS  as_IO  Cockpit_NP  Passage_NNL1  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  vanished_JJ  Tudor_NP  cockpit_NN    has_VHZ  remained_VBN  in_IO  fair_JJ  shape_NN  though_CS  cluttered_VBN  inordinately_RR  with_IO  pipes_NNS  ,_,  cabling_NN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  modern_JJ  apparatus_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  basement_NN  given_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  heating_NN  and_CC  lighting_NN  .  
  eventually_RR  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  cleared_VBN  of_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  and_CC  tidied_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  become_VV0  once_RR  more_RRR  a_AT1  decent_JJ  historical_JJ  passage_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  present_JJ  reconstruction_NN  is_VBZ  completed_VBN    probably_RR  by_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  1962_MC    there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Treasury_NP  offices_NNS  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Tudor_NP  hall_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  great_JJ  windows_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  corridors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  tennis_NN  court_NN  overlooks_VBZ  Treasury_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  stands_VBZ  a_AT1  noble_JJ  plane_NN  tree_NN  .  
  when_CS once_RR  again_RR  people_NNS  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  walk_VV0  from_IO  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  to_IO  Horse_NP  Guards_NP  Parade_NNL1  through_IO  Treasury_NP  Passage_NNL1  they_PPHS2  will_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  tennis_NN  court_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  exterior_NN  of_IO  Cockpit_NP  Passage_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  estimate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  reconstruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  offices_NNS  was_VBDZ  *+750,000_NNU  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  that_CS  that_DD1  figure_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  considerably_RR  exceeded_VBN  .  
  bench_NN  reject_VV0  plea_NN  over_IO  handcuffs_NNS  .  
  four_MC  men_NNS  accused_VBN  of_IO  bank_NN  robbery_NN  .  
  Cardiff_NP  magistrates_NNS  yesterday_NN1  rejected_VVD  an_AT1  application_NN  that_CS  two_MC  of_IO  four_MC  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  hands_NNS  free_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  handcuffed_VBN  to_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  jointly_RR  with_IO  breaking_VBG  and_CC  entering_VBG  Lloyds_NP2  Bank_NNL1  in_IO  Cardiff_NP  between_IO  January_NN1  14_MC  and_CC  January_NN1  16_MC  and_CC  stealing_VBG  *+9,465_NNU  and_CC  other_DA  property_NN  including_IO  watches_NNS  and_CC  jewelry_NN  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  were_VBDR  :_:  Colin_NP  David_NP  Baldwin_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  26_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Braunton_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Llanrumney_NP  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  ;_;  Albert_NP  Augustus_NP  King_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  32_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Southmead_NP  ,_,  Bristol_NP  ;_;  Maurice_NP  Charles_NP  Harry_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  32_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Northam_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Llanrumney_NP  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  ;_;  and_CC  James_NP  Bernard_NP  Powell_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  32_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Penarth_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  .  
    court_NN  heavily_RR  guarded_VBN    .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  also_RR  jointly_RR  charged_VBN  with_IO  stealing_VBG  a_AT1  car_NN  belonging_VBG  to_IO  Herbert_NP  Arthur_NP  Peel_NP  at_IO  Bristol_NP  between_IO  January_NN1  1_MC1  and_CC  January_NN1  2_MC  .  
  King_NP  and_CC  Baldwin_NP  were_VBDR  handcuffed_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  with_IO  Harry_NP  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  Powell_NP  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0C_NP  Stuart_NP  Hallinan_NP  ,_,  defending_VBG  King_NP  ,_,  asked_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  handcuffs_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  .  
    this_DD1  court_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  heavily_RR  guarded_VBN  and_CC  King_NP  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  undertaking_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  make_VV0  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  escape_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K_NP  Rees_NP  ,_,  for_IO  Baldwin_NP  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  similar_JJ  application_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0A_NP  Roberts_NP  Thomas_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  ,_,  opposing_VBG  the_AT1  application_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  when_CS arrested_VBN  King_NP  had_VHD  stated_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  custody_NN  for_IO  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  restraint_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  escape_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  entry_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  strong_JJ  room_NN  was_VBDZ  gained_VBN  by_IO  blowing_VBG  a_AT1  hole_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  18_MC  \0in_NNU  thick_JJ  side_NN  wall_NN  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  *+3,000_NNU  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  recovered_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  fifth_MD  man_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  identity_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  involved_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hearing_NN  was_VBDZ  adjourned_VBN  until_IO  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  City's_NNL1  shops_NNS  cut_VBN  by_IO  half_DB  since_IO  1939_MC  .  
    firm_JJ  stand_NN  being_VBG  taken_VBN  with_IO  developers_NNS    .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  decrease_NN  of_IO  53_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  since_IO  1939_MC  and_CC  18_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  restaurants_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  by_IO  counsel_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  of_IO  London_NP  at_IO  an_AT1  inquiry_NN  yesterday_NN1  into_IO  an_AT1  appeal_NN  heard_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  inspector_NN  .  
  Winmor_NP  properties_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  appealed_VVD  against_IO  a_AT1  condition_NN  imposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  that_CS  provision_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  incorporation_NN  of_IO  shops_NNS  in_IO  at_RR  least_RR  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  frontage_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  project_NN  for_IO  rebuilding_VBG  \0Nos_NNS  35_MC  ,_,  37_MC  and_CC  39_MC  ,_,  Moorgate_NP  as_IO  offices_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0S_NP  \0M_NP  Haines_NP  ,_,  architect_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  developers_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  building_NN  proposed_VBN  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  seven_MC  storeys_NNS  with_IO  provision_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  park_NN  .  
  if_CS  shops_NNS  were_VBDR  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  and_CC  spoil_VV0  the_AT1  building_NN  both_DB2  architecturally_RR  and_CC  economically_RR  .  
  the_AT1  building_NN  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  office_NN  block_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Glover_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  planning_NN  committee_NN  that_CS  existing_VBG  shops_NNS  and_CC  restaurants_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  in_IO  new_JJ  development_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0A_NP  Meeland_NP  ,_,  planning_NN  officer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  tendency_NN  by_IO  developers_NNS  to_TO  omit_VV0  shops_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  plans_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  corporation_NN  were_VBDR  having_VHG  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  firm_JJ  stand_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  inquiry_NN  was_VBDZ  concluded_VBN  .  
  former_DA  hospital_NN  sold_VBN  for_IO  *+7,600_NNU  .  
  Tring's_PPIO2  campaign_NN  over_IO  property_NN  fails_VBZ  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  estates_NNS  correspondent_NN  .  
  Tring_NP  \0Feb_NN1  21_MC  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  100_MC  local_JJ  residents_NNS  crowded_VVD  into_IO  Church_NNL1  House_NNL1  here_RL  today_NN1  to_TO  attend_VV0  an_AT1  auction_NN  sale_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  former_DA  Tring_NP  isolation_NN  Hospital_NNL1  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  knocked_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  financial_JJ  firm_NN  for_IO  *+7,600_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  went_VVD  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  Cruickshank_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  estate_NN  agent_NN  of_IO  Berkhamsted_NP  ,_,  acting_VBG  for_IO  Bland_NP  and_CC  company_NN  (_(  investments_NNS  )_)  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  Wimpole_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  figure_NN  compares_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  *+5,000_NNU  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  were_VBDR  originally_RR  offered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  vendors_NNS  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  hospital_NN  became_VVD  redundant_JJ  and_CC  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  refused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sale_NN  marks_VBZ  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lengthy_JJ  campaign_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  buildings_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  for_IO  at_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  a_AT1  nominal_JJ  sum_NN  .  
  originally_RR  a_AT1  gift_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  townspeople_NNS  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Rothschild_NP  in_IO  1901_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  hospital_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  over_RP  under_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  act_NN  in_IO  1948_MC  but_CCB  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  was_VBDZ  closed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  since_II  been_VBN  used_VBN  partly_RR  for_IO  storage_NN  purposes_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  a_AT1  hospital_NN  board_NN  official_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  ministry_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  dispose_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  first_RR  offered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  valuer's_NN1$  figure_NN  of_IO  *+5,000_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  ministry_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  the_AT1  property_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  at_IO  no_AT1  cost_NN  .  
  heavy_JJ  attendance_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  ,_,  conducted_VBN  by_IO  Knight_NP  ,_,  Frank_NP  and_CC  Rutley_NP  ,_,  local_JJ  feelings_NNS  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  attendance_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  by_IO  indecorous_JJ  behaviour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  bidding_NN  which_DDQ  started_VVD  at_IO  *+2,000_NNU  ,_,  rose_VVD  rapidly_RR  to_IO  *+6,000_NNU  ,_,  mainly_RR  by_IO  *+25_NNU  and_CC  *+50_NNU  advances_NNS  ,_,  changing_VBG  to_IO  *+100_NNU  advances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  stages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  buyer_NN  declined_VVD  to_TO  give_VV0  any_DD  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  lie_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  site_NN  of_IO  just_RR  over_RR  two_MC  acres_NNS  and_CC  include_VV0  a_AT1  five-bedroomed_JJ  detached_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  two_MC  small_JJ  hospital_NN  blocks_NNS  and_CC  various_JJ  outbuildings_NNS  .  
  planning_NN  permission_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  conversion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ward_NN  blocks_NNS  into_IO  residential_JJ  accommodation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  site_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  landscape_NN  value_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  make_VV0  extensive_JJ  development_NN  unlikely_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0J_NP  Bly_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  Tring_NP  urban_JJ  district_NN  council_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS with_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  councillors_NNS  attended_VVD  the_AT1  sale_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  afterwards_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  procedure_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  culminated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  grossly_RR  unjust_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  gift_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  returned_VBN  .  **"_**'  
  press_NN  council_NN  member_NN  resigns_VBZ  .  
  clash_NN  on_IO    Chatterley_NP    case_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  correspondent_NN  .  
  Bolton_NP  ,_,  \0Feb_NN1  21_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Singleton_NP  ,_,  editor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bolton_NP  evening_NN  news_NN  ,_,  and_CC  president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  guild_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  newspaper_NN  editors_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  resigned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  council_NN  .  
  at_IO  its_APP$  last_DA  meeting_NN  the_AT1  council_NN  expressed_VVD  disapproval_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  handling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lady_NNSB1  Chatterley's_PPIO2  lover_NN  case_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  guardian_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  observer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  spectator_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Singleton_NP  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  guardian_NN  dissociating_VBG  himself_PPX1  from_IO  this_DD1  action_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Singleton_NP  said_VVD  tonight_NN1  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Murray_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  council_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  written_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  would_VM  almost_RR  certainly_RR  regard_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_CS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  confidence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  since_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  his_APP$  views_NNS  known_VBN  without_IO  informing_VBG  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Murray_NP  )_)  intended_VVD  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  guardian_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  of_IO  resignation_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Singleton_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Murray_NP  :_:  
    rightly_RR  or_CC  wrongly_RR  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  justified_VBN  in_IO  correcting_VBG  the_AT1  impression_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  issued_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  was_VBDZ  unanimous_JJ  .  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  with_IO  sincere_JJ  regret_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  sever_VV0  my_APP$  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  thought_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  great_JJ  honour_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  .    
  Eton_NP  rate_NN  relief_NN  .  
  town_NN  not_XX  affected_VBN  ,_,  says_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brooke_NP  .  
  the_AT1  rating_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  schools_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Commons_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  should_VM  express_VV0  an_AT1  opinion_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mitchison_NP  (_(  Kettering_NP  ,_,  \0Lab_NN  )_)  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  when_CS the_AT1  standing_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rating_NN  and_CC  valuation_NN  bill_NN  continued_VVD  its_APP$  discussion_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  opposition_NN  amendment_NN  to_TO  rate_VV0  public_JJ  schools_NNS  fully_RR  rather_RR  than_CS  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  50_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  relief_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mitchison_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  large_JJ  public_JJ  school_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  was_VBDZ  anomalous_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  amendment_NN  was_VBDZ  withdrawn_VBN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  discussion_NN  on_IO  clause_NN  8_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  reduction_NN  and_CC  remission_NN  of_IO  rates_NNS  payable_JJ  by_IO  charitable_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  organizations_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brooke_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  boarding_NN  schools_NNS    though_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  exceptions_NNS    tended_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  rating_NN  areas_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  not_XX  wealthy_JJ  .  
  therefore_RR  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  any_DD  effect_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  rates_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  mandatory_JJ  50_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  derating_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  rate_NN  deficiency_NN  grant_NN  .  
  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  grant_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Eton_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  attracted_VBN  some_DD  attention_NN  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  marginal_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  rate_NN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ascertain_VV0  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  council_NN  rate_NN  ,_,  because_CS  any_DD  loss_NN  of_IO  rate_NN  through_IO  mandatory_JJ  relief_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  fully_RR  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  deficiency_NN  grant_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brooke_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  weakness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  assisting_VBG  such_DA  bodies_NNS  as_IO  learned_JJ  societies_NNS  by_IO  rate_NN  relief_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  that_CS  local_JJ  people_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  put_VV0  their_APP$  hands_NNS  deeper_RRR  into_IO  their_APP$  pockets_NNS  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  such_DA  bodies_NNS  could_VM  establish_VV0  their_APP$  claim_NN  for_IO  relief_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  further_JB  contribution_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  would_VM  lie_VV0  outside_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clause_NN  was_VBDZ  approved_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  committee_NN  adjourned_VVD  until_IO  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  charges_NNS  against_IO  London_NP  vicar_NN  .  
  to_TO  face_VV0  consistory_NN  court_NN  .  
  a_AT1  consistory_NN  court_NN  will_VM  sit_VV0  in_IO  London_NP  next_DA  month_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  charges_NNS  against_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Bryn_NP  Thomas_NP  ,_,  Vicar_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  ascension_NN  Balham_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  \0S.W_NP  
  missing_JJ  girl_NN  found_VBN  in_IO  attic_NN  .  
  hunt_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  ginger-haired_JJ  man_NN  .  
  eleven-year-old_JB  Nancy_NP  O'Brien_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  missing_JJ  from_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  for_IO  four_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  locked_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  attic_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  revealed_VBN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  as_CS  Nancy_NP  haltingly_RR  told_VVD  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  four-day_JB  ordeal_NN  to_IO  police_NNS  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  great_JJ  search_NN  began_VVD  .  this_DD1  time_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  ginger-haired_JJ  man_NN  the_AT1  police_NNS  thought_VVD  might_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  enquiries_NNS  .  
  Nancy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  missing_JJ  from_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  at_IO  Burneside_NP  ,_,  Westmorland_NP  ,_,  since_IO  last_DA  Thursday_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  yesterday_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  locked_JJ  attic_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Chambres-road_NP  ,_,  Southport_NP  ,_,  \0Lancs_NP  .  
  hysterical_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  were_VBDR  boarded_VBN  over_RP  .  
  Nancy_NP  was_VBDZ  wild-eyed_JJ  and_CC  hysterical_JJ  .  and_CC  shoeless_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unharmed_JJ  .  
  last_DA  night_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  reunited_VBN  at_IO  Southport_NP  police_NNS  station_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  aunt_NN  and_CC  uncle_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Gibson_NP  ,_,  with_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  at_IO  Burneside_NP  .  
  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  police_NNS  announced_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  interview_VV0  Horatio_NP  Richard_NP  Seddon_NP  ,_,  28_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS can_VM  possibly_RR  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  our_APP$  enquiries_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  police_NNS  statement_NN  added_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  alerted_VBN  Interpol_NP  (_(  the_AT1  international_JJ  police_NNS  organisation_NN  )_)  and_CC  all_DB  ports_NNS  and_CC  airports_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  effort_NN  to_TO  trace_VV0  this_DD1  man_NN  .    
  a_AT1  police_NNS  description_NN  of_IO  Seddon_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  10_MC  \0in_NNU  to_IO  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  ,_,  long-legged_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  slim_JJ  ,_,  ginger-haired_JJ  and_CC  wearing_VBG  tortoiseshell_NN  glasses_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  believed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  driving_VBG  an_AT1  old-type_JB  black_JJ  Standard_NP  14_MC  saloon_NN  number_NN  zh2014_ZZ1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS little_JJ  Nancy_NP  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  yesterday_NN1  at_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Chambres-road_NP  .  .  
  at_IO  about_RR  11_MC  \0a.m_RR  screams_NNS  of_IO      help_VV0  !_!    were_VBDR  heard_VBN  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Winifred_NP  Hoyles_NP  ,_,  28_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  next_DA  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  playing_VBG  with_IO  her_APP$  three-year-old_JB  daughter_NN  ,_,  Julie_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hoyles_NP  said_VVD  later_RRR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  went_VVD  next_DA  door_NN  and_CC  shouted_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  no_AT1  reply_NN  and_CC  thought_VVD  that_CS  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hearing_VBG  things_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  listened_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  someone_PN1  screaming_VBG  for_IO  help_NN  .  .  
    the_AT1  cries_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  windows_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  these_DD2  windows_NNS  were_VBDR  barricaded_VBN  with_IO  boards_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  nailed_VBN  across_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  rushed_VVD  downstairs_RL  .  telling_VBG  Julie_NP  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  just_RR  playing_VBG  a_AT1  game_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  upset_JJ  .  **"_**'  
  ladder_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  went_VVD  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  and_CC  stopped_VVD  two_MC  men_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  ladder_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  window_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  call_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  fire_NN  brigade_NN  arrived_VVD  and_CC  they_PPHS2  broke_VVD  a_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  cocoa_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  .  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  girl_NN  ,_,  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  green_JJ  blazer_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dress_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  stockinged_JJ  feet_NNS  .  
    there_EX  were_VBDR  tins_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  women's_NN2  magazines_NNS  scattered_VBN  around_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  also_RR  pieces_NNS  of_IO  bread_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  bed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN    only_RR  a_AT1  mattress_NN  .  
    Nancy_NP  said_VVD  a_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  took_VVD  my_APP$  shoes_NNS  away_RP  and_CC  said_VVD  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  matter_VV0  how_CS much_RR  I_PPIS1  screamed_VVD  because_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  come_VV0  .  **"_**'  
  screaming_VBG  .  
    he_PPHO1  locked_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  screaming_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  eating_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  tins_NNS  .    
  police_NNS  thought_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  that_CS  Nancy's_PPIO2  screams_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  heard_VBN  because_IO  of_II  thick_JJ  red-and-white-striped_JB  wallpaper_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  plastered_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  nailed_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  windows_NNS  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  Nancy_NP  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_AT1  window_NN  at_IO  all_DB  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  light_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  an_AT1  electric_JJ  bulb_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  for_IO  four_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  night_NN  and_CC  day_NN  .  
  12_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  on_IO  \0TV_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  twelve-minute_JB  appearance_NN  on_IO  \0BBC_NP  television_NN  last_DA  night_NN    and_CC  looked_VVD  more_RG  relaxed_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  interviewer_NN  ,_,  Richard_NP  Dimbleby_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Duke's_NNSB2  first_MD  interview_NN  on_IO  British_JJ  \0TV_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  across_RP  like_IO  an_AT1  unflurried_JJ  man_NN  having_VHG  a_AT1  cosy_JJ  fireside_NN  chat_NN  .  
  this_DD1  pre-recorded_JJ  interview_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  weekly_JJ  programme_NN    panorama_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  technical_JJ  training_NN  week_NN  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  yesterday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week's_NN1$  campaign_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  draw_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  technical_JJ  training_NN  .  
  twenty-eight_MC  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  are_VBR  taking_VBG  part_NN  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  188_MC  local_JJ  councils_NNS  have_VH0  helped_VBN  to_TO  arrange_VV0  special_JJ  events_NNS  to_TO  boost_VV0  the_AT1  campaign_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  \0TV_NN  interview_NN  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  enthusiastic_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  project_NN  .  
  difficult_JJ  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  about_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  unskilled_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  not_XX  enough_DD  people_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  technically_RR  trained_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  problem_NN  is_VBZ  this_DD1  tremendous_JJ  attraction_NN  of_IO  relatively_RR  highly_RR  paid_JJ  jobs_NNS  for_IO  unskilled_JJ  people_NNS  .    
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS went_VVD  into_IO  unskilled_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  went_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  many_DA  parents_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  realise_VV0  was_VBDZ  that_CS  a_AT1  relatively_RR  high_JJ  wage_NN  now_RL  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  rather_RR  poor_JJ  one_MC1  in_IO  after_JB  years_NNS  .  
  Britain_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  hope_VV0  to_TO  compete_VV0  in_IO  foreign_JJ  markets_NNS  if_CS  industry_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  using_VBG  unskilled_JJ  labour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  of_IO  550,000_MC  school_NN  leavers_NNS  aged_JJ  from_IO  fifteen_MC  to_IO  seventeen_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS started_VVD  work_NN  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  only_RR  130,000_MC  took_VVD  skilled_JJ  jobs_NNS  .  
  snapped_VBN  up_RP  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  all_RR  too_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS say_VV0  :_:      well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  bother_VV0  to_TO  train_VV0  anybody_PN1  in_IO  our_APP$  industry_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  promptly_RR  get_VV0  snapped_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  another_DD1  industry_NN  ,_,      the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  added_VVD  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  week_NN  ,_,  factories_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  holding_VBG    open_JJ  days_NNS    to_TO  show_VV0  their_APP$  apprenticeship_NN  schemes_NNS  to_IO  school_NN  leavers_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  four_MC  jobs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  barrister_NN  told_VVD  a_AT1  court_NN  yesterday_NN1  about_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  four_MC  jobs_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  McCowan_NP  told_VVD  magistrates_NNS  at_IO  Steyning_NP  ,_,  Sussex_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  working_NN  life_NN  of_IO  fifty-six-year-old_JB  Richard_NP  Gilroy_NP  :_:  
  as_IO  a_AT1  poultry_NN  farmer_NN  he_PPHO1  works_VBZ  till_IO  late_JJ  afternoon_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  turns_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  problems_NNS  as_IO  boss_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  window-cleaning_NN  business_NN  .  
  factory_NN  .  
  five_MC  nights_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  he_PPHO1  works_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  lathe_NN  operator_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  factory_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  spare_JJ  time_NN  he_PPHO1  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  home-help_NN  because_CS  his_APP$  wife_NN  is_VBZ  paralysed_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  total_JJ  income_NN  :_:  *+22_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  McCowan_NN  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilroy_NP  ,_,  father_NN  of_IO  two_MC  ,_,  worked_VVD  so_RG  hard_RR  because_CS  his_APP$  poultry_NN  business_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  doing_VBG  too_RG  well_RR  .  
  Gilroy_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Mill-hill_NP  ,_,  Shoreham_NP  ,_,  Sussex_NP  ,_,  admitted_VVD  driving_VBG  while_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  drink_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  *+40_NNU  ,_,  was_VBDZ  disqualified_VBN  from_IO  driving_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  *+12_NNU  costs_NNS  .  
  baronet's_NN1$  wife_NN  named_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  baronet's_NN1$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  yesterday_NN1  to_TO  have_VH0  committed_VBN  misconduct_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  farmer_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Lady_NNSB1  (_(  Juliana_NP  )_)  Cunliffe-Owen_NP  ,_,  32_MC  ,_,  wife_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Dudley_NP  Cunliffe-Owen_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Jersey_NP  royal_JJ  court_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Diana_NP  Roberts_NP  ,_,  wife_NN  of_IO  farmer_NN  John_NP  Roberts_NP  ,_,  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Ouen_NP  ,_,  Jersey_NP  ,_,  sought_VVD  a_AT1  legal_JJ  separation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  alleged_JJ  adultery_NN  with_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Cunliffe-Owen_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  counter-petition_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  asked_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  to_TO  dissolve_VV0  his_APP$  marriage_NN  and_CC  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  custody_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  two_MC  children_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  labour_NN  is_VBZ  *+acking_VBG  .  .  
  by_IO  James_NP  Beecroft_NP  .  
  labour's_NN1$  cash_NN  problems_NNS  were_VBDR  discussed_VBN  last_DA  night_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Len_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  party's_NN1$  national_JJ  agent_NN  and_CC  deputy_NN  general_JJ  secretary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  party's_NN1$  national_JJ  executive_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  considering_VBG  ways_NNS  of_IO  increasing_VBG  labour's_NN1$  income_NN  .  
  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  party_NN  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  funds_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  tory_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  more_DA  than_IO  300_MC  young_JJ  socialists_NNS  attending_VBG  their_APP$  organisation's_NN1$  national_JJ  rally_NN  at_IO  Skegness_NP  ,_,  \0Lincs_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  stressed_VVD  that_CS  last_DA  year_NN  *+213,000_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party's_NN1$  *+250,000_NNU  income_NN  was_VBDZ  contributed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trades_NNS  unions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  contribution_NN  from_IO  individual_JJ  party_NN  members_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  only_RR  4_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
    even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unions_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,    the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  today_NN1  is_VBZ  not_XX  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  our_APP$  party_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  its_APP$  job_NN  adequately_RR  .  
    most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  constituency_NN  parties_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  short_JJ  of_IO  cash_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  in_IO  debt_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  election_NN  .    
  the_AT1  trades_NNS  unions_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX  only_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  main_JB  financial_JJ  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN    they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  ,_,  through_IO  their_APP$  steadiness_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  ballast_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  the_AT1  ship_NN  upright_JJ  in_IO  heavy_JJ  seas_NNS  .    
  blow_NN  by_IO  father_NN  blinded_VVD  his_APP$  baby_NN  .  
  an_AT1    inhuman_JJ  man_NN    gets_VBZ  six_MC  months_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  father_NN  struck_VVD  his_APP$  six-month-old_JB  son_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  so_RG  hard_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  baby_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  blind_JJ  for_IO  life_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  court_NN  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  father_NN  ,_,  Charles_NP  Wildridge_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  at_IO  Hull_NP  ,_,  \0Yorks_NP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  my_APP$  temper_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  his_APP$  feed_NN  .    
  Wildridge_NP  ,_,  37_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Rimswell-road_NP  ,_,  Hull_NP  ,_,  pleaded_VVD  guilty_JJ  to_IO  assaulting_VBG  and_CC  neglecting_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  ,_,  Michael_NP  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  likely_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  unnecessary_JJ  suffering_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gaoled_VBN  for_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  .  
    severest_JJT    .  
  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Tarbitten_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  Wildridge_NP  :_:  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  most_RG  inhuman_JJ  man_NN  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  striking_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  blind_JJ  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  any_DD  father_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  that_DD1  deserves_VBZ  the_AT1  severest_JJT  punishment_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Croft_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  because_IO  of_II  family_NN  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  Michael_NP  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  in_IO  hospital_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  after_IO  his_APP$  birth_NN  .  
  when_CS taken_VBN  home_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  normal_JJ  and_CC  healthy_JJ  .  
  two_MC  months_NNS  later_RRR  Wildridge_NP    who_PNQS has_VHZ  five_MC  other_DA  children_NNS    took_VVD  the_AT1  baby_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  surgery_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  bash_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  .    
  the_AT1  doctor_NN  was_VBDZ  out_RP  but_CCB  his_APP$  wife_NN  called_VVD  an_AT1  ambulance_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dying_VBG  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Croft_NP  added_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  hospital_NN  Michael_NP  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  blind_JJ  in_IO  both_DB2  eyes_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  bruised_VBN  and_CC  X-rays_NNS  showed_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  leg_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  broken_VBN  but_CCB  had_VHD  healed_VBN  .  
  temper_NN  .  
  Wildridge_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  unemployed_JJ  ,_,  told_VVD  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  preparing_VBG  a_AT1  meal_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  sick_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  home_NN1  from_IO  school_NN  .  
    when_CS the_AT1  baby_NN  would_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  his_APP$  feed_NN  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  my_APP$  temper_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  neglected_VBN  or_CC  ill-treated_VBN  the_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  did_VDD  fall_VV0  off_IO  a_AT1  settee_NN  .    
  gardener_NN  accused_VBN  .  
  Anthony_NP  Reginald_NP  Hitchcock_NP  ,_,  29_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  remanded_VBN  in_IO  custody_NN  at_IO  Newport_NP  ,_,  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  charged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Clarence_NP  Neale_NP  ,_,  35_MC  ,_,  his_APP$  partner_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  jobbing_JJ  gardening_NN  business_NN  run_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  ,_,  Parkside_NP  ,_,  Boulnor_NP  Park_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Yarmouth_NP  ,_,  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  .  
  Neale_NP  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  dead_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  severe_JJ  head_NN  injuries_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  .  
  Hitchcock_NP  appeared_VVD  in_IO  court_NN  handcuffed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  police_NNS  officer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  covered_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  free_JJ  hand_NN  when_CS the_AT1  charge_NN  was_VBDZ  read_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  court_NN  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  fell_VVD  into_IO  \0HP_NN    snare_NN    .  
  a_AT1  wife_NN  led_VVD  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  blameless_JJ  life_NN  .  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    ensnared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hire-purchase_NN  network_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  court_NN  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Patrick_NP  Mayhew_NP  at_IO  east_NN1  Kent_NP  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  in_IO  Canterbury_NP  :_:  
    in_IO  this_DD1  easy-come_JB  system_NN  ,_,  expensive_JJ  goods_NNS  came_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  possession_NN  for_IO  small_JJ    down_JB    payments_NNS  .    
  then_RL  ,_,  added_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mayhew_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  wife_NN    succumbed_VVD  to_IO  temptation_NN    and_CC  sold_VVD  hire-purchase_NN  goods_NNS  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  keep_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  payments_NNS  on_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    the_AT1  pace_NN  got_VVD  hotter_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nightmare_NN  of_IO  deceit_NN  collapsed_VVD  .    
  *+1,000_NNU  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mayhew_NP  was_VBDZ  defending_VBG  the_AT1  wife_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mollie_NP  Joyce_NP  Hawkins_NP  ,_,  31_MC  ,_,  of_IO  Hamilton-road_NP  ,_,  Dover_NP  ,_,  on_IO  charges_NNS  of_IO  theft_NN  and_CC  fraud_NN  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  *+1,000_NNU  worth_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS    including_IO  washing_NN  machines_NNS  ,_,  \0TV_NN  sets_NNS  and_CC  typewriters_NNS    were_VBDR  involved_VBN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hawkins_NP  mother_NN  of_IO  four_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  gaoled_VBN  for_IO  fifteen_MC  months_NNS  .  
  more_DA  go_VV0  on_IO  strike_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  strikes_NNS    and_CC  more_DA  people_NNS  on_IO  strike_NN    last_DA  year_NN  than_CS  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  fewer_DA  working_NN  days_NNS  were_VBDR  lost_VBN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  2,849_MC  strikes_NNS  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  2,105_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  working_NN  days_NNS  lost_VBN  was_VBDZ  3,024,000_MC  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  5,270,000_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  strikes_NNS  in_IO  coal_NN  mining_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  than_CS  in_IO  any_DD  other_DA  industry_NN    1,666_MC  stoppages_NNS  ,_,  involving_VBG  171,000_MC  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  car_NN  industry_NN  had_VHD  129_MC  stoppages_NNS    involving_VBG  122,000_MC  men_NNS  .  
  get_VV0  cracking_VBG  ,_,  Britain_NP  ,_,  says_VBZ  a_AT1  union_NN  chief_NN  .  
  lack_NN  of_IO  leadership_NN  ,_,  second-rate_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  top_JB  jobs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  general_JJ  complacency_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  were_VBDR  slammed_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ray_NP  Gunter_NP  ,_,  \0MP_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  his_APP$  presidential_JJ  speech_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  transport_NN  salaried_JJ  staffs'_NN2  association_NN  at_IO  Folkestone_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  afford_VV0  to_TO  allow_VV0  many_DA  leading_JJ  positions_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  occupied_VBN  by_IO  second-raters_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  there_RL  only_RR  because_IO  of_II  class_NN  and_CC  patronage_NN  .  
  leadership_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gunter_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  labour_NN  \0MP_NNSB1  for_IO  Southwark_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  insisted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  greatest_JJT  need_NN  was_VBDZ  dynamic_JJ  ,_,  adventurous_JJ  leadership_NN  .  
  politicians_NNS  ,_,  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  and_CC  businessmen_NNS  should_VM  all_DB    search_VV0  their_APP$  souls_NNS    and_CC  look_VV0  ahead_RR  .  liner_NN  sinks_VBZ  ,_,  burning_VBG  .  
  full_JJ  death_NN  toll_NN  may_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  known_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  liner_NN  Dara_NP  ,_,  abandoned_VBN  after_IO  being_VBG  gutted_VBN  by_IO  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  Gulf_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  sank_VVD  yesterday_NN1  while_CS  being_VBG  towed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  tug_NN  Ocean_NP  Salvor_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  on_IO  board_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_RP  .  
  salvage_VV0  vessels_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  used_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  beach_VV0  the_AT1  liner_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  fire_NN  die_VV0  out_RP  completely_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  towed_VBN  to_IO  Bahrein_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  sank_VVD  in_IO  about_RR  60_MC  \0ft_NNU  of_IO  water_NN  five_MC  miles_NNS  off_IO  shore_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  estimated_VBN  that_CS  212_MC  people_NNS  lost_VVD  their_APP$  lives_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  probably_RR  never_RR  be_VB0  known_VBN  how_CS many_DA  Indians_NP2  ,_,  Pakistanis_NP2  and_CC  Arabs_NP2  were_VBDR  travelling_VBG  as_IO  deck_NN  passengers_NNS  .  
  among_IO  those_DD2  still_RR  missing_JJ  are_VBR  30_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  crew_NN  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  Europeans_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  American_JJ  couple_NN  .  
  all_DB  known_JJ  survivors_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  landed_VBN  at_IO  Dubai_NP  or_CC  Bahrein_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  hope_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  any_DD  more_DA  .  
  rumours_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  fire_NN  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  bomb_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  discounted_VBN  .  
  indications_NNS  are_VBR  that_CS  an_AT1  explosion_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  boiler_NN  space_NN  .  
  *+785,000_NNU  insurance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Dara_NP  ,_,  5,030_MC  tons_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  more_DA  than_IO  700_MC  people_NNS  aboard_RP  when_CS she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  fire_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  India_NP  steam_NN  navigation_NN  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  subsidiary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0P_NP  and_CC  \0O_NP  line_NN  .  
  three_MC  British_JJ  frigates_NNS  helped_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  two-day_JB  battle_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  fire_NN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  planned_VBN  to_TO  tow_VV0  her_PPHO1  into_IO  Bahrein_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  insured_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hull_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dara_NP  was_VBDZ  *+785,000_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  amount_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  owners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  uninsured_JJ  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  remainder_NN  approximately_RR  *+15,000_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  reinsurance_NN  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  at_IO  Lloyds_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  transport_NN  will_VM  fly_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  senior_JJ  engineer_NN  and_CC  surveyor_NN  today_NN1  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  preliminary_JJ  investigation_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  ship's_NN1$  loss_NN  .  
  a_AT1  decision_NN  whether_CS  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  public_JJ  inquiry_NN  in_IO  London_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  after_CS  they_PPHS2  report_VV0  .  
  2,000_MC  stop_VV0  as_CS  convener_NN  is_VBZ  suspended_VBN  .  
  two_MC  thousand_MC  workers_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  American-owned_JB  Burroughs_NP  business_NN  machine_NN  factory_NN  at_IO  Cumbernauld_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  struck_VVD  yesterday_NN1  when_CS their_APP$  convener_NN  was_VBDZ  suspended_VBN  along_IO  with_II  two_MC  other_DA  shop_NN  stewards_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  convener_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Callaghan_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  management_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  pay_NN  dispute_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suspended_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  refused_VVD  an_AT1  ultimatum_NN  to_TO  operate_VV0  the_AT1  firm's_NN1$  bonus_NN  system_NN  rejected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  .  
  on_IO  Friday_NN1  the_AT1  men_NNS  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  to_IO  rule_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  firm_NN  reconsidered_VVD  their_APP$  claim_NN  for_IO  roughly_RR  *+1_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  more_DA  .  
  they_PPHS2  claim_VV0  the_AT1  firm's_NN1$  bonus_NN  system_NN  only_RR  pays_VBZ  flat-rate_JB  wages_NNS  .  
  skilled_JJ  workers_NNS  average_VV0  about_RR  *+14_NNU  to_IO  *+15_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  semi-skilled_JJ  about_RR  *+11_NNU  to_IO  *+12_NNU  .  
  unskilled_JJ  start_NN  at_IO  *+9_NNU  5_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  mass_NN  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1  strike-picketed_JJ  factory_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  teenage_JB  ban_NN  row_NN  .  
  thrasher_NN  quits_VBZ  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  because_CS  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  an_AT1  example_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  teenage_JB  rowdies_NNS  by_IO    taking_VBG  their_APP$  breeches_NNS  down_RP  and_CC  thrashing_VBG  their_APP$  backsides_NNS  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Peter_NP  Firth_NP  has_VHZ  resigned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  council_NN  at_IO  Stevenage_NP  ,_,  \0Herts_NP  ,_,  where_CS teenagers_NNS  were_VBDR  banned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  cinema_NN  .  
  tory_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Firth_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  39_MC  ,_,  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  in_IO  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  and_CC  Associated-Rediffusion_NP  ,_,  referring_VBG  to_IO  their_APP$  programmes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  ban_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  which_DDQ  appals_VBZ  me_PPIO1  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  took_VVD  your_APP$  cameras_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  trouble-spot_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  cafes_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  lay-abouts_NNS  were_VBDR  when_CS not_XX  engaged_VBN  in_IO  creating_VBG  trouble_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  remedy_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  spend_VV0  more_DA  money_NN  on_IO  youth_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  parents_NNS  eventually_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  must_VM  teach_VV0  by_IO  example_NN  .  .  
    the_AT1  thrashing_NN  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  hard_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  indignity_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  their_APP$  trousers_NNS  taken_VBN  down_RP  would_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  salutary_JJ  and_CC  effective_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  imperative_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  give_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  policemen_NNS  the_AT1    teeth_NNS    that_PNQS they_PPHS2  once_RR  had_VHD  .    
  the_AT1    poor_JJ  peasants_NNS    of_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  food_NN  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  by_IO  small_JJ  farmers_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  hill_NN  farmers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR    little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  peasants_NNS  ,_,  sweating_VBG  out_RP  each_DD1  day_NN  without_IO  thought_NN  or_CC  hope_NN  of_IO  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,    the_AT1  country_NN  landowners'_NN2  association_NN  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  giving_VBG  a_AT1  lecture_NN  in_IO  Cirencester_NP  (_(  \0Glos_NP  )_)  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Travers_NP  Legge_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  Fison_NP  award_NN  winner_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  166,000_MC  farms_NNS  of_IO  under_RR  20_MC  acres_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hill_NN  farmer's_NN1$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  pointless_JJ  ,_,  profitless_JJ  drudgery_NN  ,_,  with_IO    no_AT1  money_NN  to_TO  spare_VV0  for_IO  improvements_NNS  to_IO  farm_NN  or_CC  home_NN1  or_CC  even_RR  things_NNS  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   take_VV0  for_CS  granted_VBN  .    
  if_CS  Britain_NP  could_VM  reach_VV0  a_AT1  stage_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  minimum_NN  was_VBDZ  35_MC  to_IO  40_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  better_JJ  land_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  offer_VV0  competition_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN    which_DDQ  no_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  could_VM  match_VV0  .    
    banish_VV0  killer_NN  dust_NN    call_NN  by_IO  Welsh_JJ  pits_NNS  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  Cardiff_NP  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  call_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  all-out_JB  effort_NN  to_TO  banish_VV0  the_AT1  scourge_NN  of_IO  killer_NN  dust_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pits_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  executive_JJ  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  Wales_NP  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  mineworkers_NNS  .  
  drastic_JJ  revision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  approved_JJ  dust_NN  standard_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  safe_JJ  standard_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  urged_VBN  by_IO  safety_NN  officer_NN  Linden_NP  James_NP  ,_,  writing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area's_NN1$  magazine_NN  .  
    publicity_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  necessity_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  measures_NNS  implemented_VBN  that_PNQS are_VBR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  rid_VV0  mining_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  disease_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  .  
    such_DA  measures_NNS  will_VM  cost_VV0  money_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  reluctance_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  money_NN  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  resistance_NN  .    
  346_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  dust_NN  kills_VBZ  many_DA  more_DA  people_NNS  than_IO  gas_NN  ,_,  bad_JJ  roofs_NNS  ,_,  haulage_NN  ,_,  explosives_NNS  ,_,  electricity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  hazards_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  put_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  between_IO  1951_MC  and_CC  1958_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  183_MC  lives_NNS  were_VBDR  lost_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  explosions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pits_NNS  .  
  in_IO  south_NN1  Wales_NP  346_MC  died_VVD  from_IO  dust_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  alone_RR  .  
  miners_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  worked_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  of_IO    dust-approved_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,    including_IO  younger_JJ  men_NNS  whose_PNQV$  whole_JJ  working_NN  lives_NNS  were_VBDR  completely_RR  within_IO  the_AT1    suppression_NN  era_NN  ,_,    had_VHD  contracted_VBN  the_AT1  disease_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  coalfields_NNS  dust_NN  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  .  
  in_IO  south_NN1  Wales_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  life_NN  or_CC  death_NN  .  
  not_XX  an_AT1  excuse_NN  .  
  present_JJ  approved_JJ  standards_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  coalfield_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  without_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  achievement_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  standards_NNS  was_VBDZ  now_RL  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  aim_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  standard_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reduced_VBN  from_IO  an_AT1  incentive_NN  to_TO  suppress_VV0  dust_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  excuse_NN  not_XX  to_TO  suppress_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  standard_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  effective_JJ  ,_,    and_CC  should_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  discarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  hindrance_NN  to_IO  progress_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  .  
  urging_VBG  a_AT1  campaign_NN  for_IO  improved_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asks_VBZ  the_AT1  miners_NNS  to_TO  set_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  house_NN  in_IO  order_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  full_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  suppressive_JJ  equipment_NN  provided_VBN  .  
    dust_NN  kills_VBZ  ;_;  if_CS  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  dust_NN  unnecessarily_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  killers_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  warns_VBZ  .  
  pop_NN  &_CC  gas_NN  baron_NN  for_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  has_VHZ  appointed_VBN  a_AT1  tory_JJ  ,_,  aristocratic_JJ  ,_,  soft_JJ  drink_NN  ,_,  beer_NN  ,_,  insurance_NN  ,_,  gas_NN  light_NN  and_CC  coke_NN  ,_,  match_NN  ,_,  banking_NN  and_CC  estate_NN  company_NN  chief_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  governor-general_NN  of_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  51-year-old_JB  Viscount_NNSB1  de_&FW  l'Isle_&FW  ,_,  \0V.C_NNSB1  ,_,  chosen_VBN  to_TO  replace_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Dunrossil_NP  ,_,  former_DA  Speaker_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  in_IO  February_NN1  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  de_&FW  l'Isle's_&FW  appointment_NN  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  protocol_NN  confusion_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Melbourne_NP  herald_NN  announcing_VBG  it_PPH1  first_RR  and_CC  congratulating_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Menzies_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$    acceptable_JJ  choice_NN  .    
  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  yesterday_NN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Menzies_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    delighted_JJ    with_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  .  
  chief_JB  among_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  governor-general's_NN1$  business_NN  connections_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  managing_JJ  director's_NN1$  post_NN  in_IO  Schweppes_NP  ,_,  balanced_VBN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  directorship_NN  in_IO  Courage_NP  and_CC  Barclays_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  claims_VBZ  descent_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Elizabethan_JJ  poet_NN  and_CC  hero_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Philip_NP  Sidney_NP  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  19th_MD  century_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  ancestors_NNS  named_VBN  Shelley_NP  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  Sidney_NP  property_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  the_AT1  name_NN  added_VBN  by_IO  royal_JJ  licence_NN  .  
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  Shelley_NP  .  
  an_AT1  Anzio_NP  \0V.C_NNSB1  .  
  an_AT1  Eton_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  boy_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  with_IO  distinction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grenadier_NN  guards_NNS  ,_,  winning_VBG  the_AT1  \0V.C_NNSB1  at_IO  Anzio_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tory_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Chelsea_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  joint_JB  treasurer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  and_CC    for_IO  four_MC  years_NNS    Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  air_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  the_AT1  3rd_MD  Baron_NNSB1  de_&FW  l'Isle_&FW  ,_,  who_PNQS married_VVD  a_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  4th_MD  Viscount_NNSB1  Gort_NP  in_IO  1902_MC  and_CC  himself_PPX1  married_VVD  the_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  Viscount_NNSB1  Gort_NP  in_IO  1940_MC  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  four_MC  children_NNS  .  
  Australian_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  leader_NN  Arthur_NP  Calwell_NP  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  Australian_JJ  citizens_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  fill_VV0  the_AT1  office_NN  as_RG  well_RR  or_CC  better_RRR  than_CS  Lord_NNSB1  de_&FW  l'Isle_&FW  will_VM  fill_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  labour_NN  party's_NN1$  attitude_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  governor-general_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  Australian_NN1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Calwell_NP  added_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  view_NN  was_VBDZ  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1    overwhelming_JJ  majority_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  people_NN  .  
  \0CID_NP  in_IO  brewery_NN  shares_NNS  quiz_NN  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0C.I.D_NP  yesterday_NN1  entered_VVD  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  situation_NN  surrounding_VBG  the_AT1  anonymous_JJ  *+21_NNU  million_MC  bid_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Liverpool_NP  brewing_NN  concern_NN  ,_,  Bents'_NPS$  breweries_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  Halton_NP  ,_,  Bents'_NPS$  chairman_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  police_NNS  and_CC  Liverpool_NP  \0C.I.D_NP  were_VBDR    examining_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  matter_NN  .    
  two_MC  \0C.I.D_NP  officers_NNS  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  take-over_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  reporters_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  welcomed_VVD  the_AT1  inquiries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  decided_VVD  yesterday_NN1  to_TO  allow_VV0  the_AT1  resumption_NN  of_IO  dealings_NNS  in_IO  shares_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  brewery_NN  .  
  unknown_JJ  bidder_NN  .  
  dealing_NN  were_VBDR  banned_VBN  on_IO  Friday_NN1  because_IO  of_II  lack_NN  of_IO  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  bidder_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS still_RR  has_VHZ  not_XX  made_VBN  himself_PPX1  known_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Halton_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  pleased_JJ  dealings_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  resumed_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  did_VDD  not_XX  stop_VV0  dealings_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  glad_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  stopped_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  brewery_NN  owns_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  500_MC  pubs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  north-west_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  bid_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  known_VBN  through_IO  Anglasi_NP  nominees_NNS  .  
  when_CS dealings_NNS  restarted_VVD  yesterday_NN1  shares_NNS  fell_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  47_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  last_DA  week_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  closed_VVD  at_IO  42_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  Sukarno's_PPIO2  call_NN  from_IO  Bandung_NP  .  
  President_NNSB1  Sukarno_NP  of_IO  Indonesia_NP  yesterday_NN1  called_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  Afro-Asian_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
    urge_VV0  your_APP$  governments_NNS  to_TO  agree_VV0  to_IO  holding_VBG  the_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  delegates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  for_IO  Afro-Asian_JJ  solidarity_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  a_AT1  four-day_JB  meeting_NN  in_IO  Bandung_NP  .  
  major_JJ  issues_NNS  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  situations_NNS  in_IO  west_NN1  Irian_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  Laos_NP  and_CC  Algeria_NP  .  
  President_NNSB1  Sukarno_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    west_NN1  Irian_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  under_IO  colonialism_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   be_VB0  united_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  against_IO  colonialism_NN  and_CC  imperialism_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  and_CC  world_NN  peace_NN  .      
  Reuter_NP  .  
  17_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  wins_VBZ  release_NN  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  for_IO  civil_JJ  liberties_NNS  has_VHZ  won_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  case_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  before_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  established_JJ  mental_JJ  health_NN  review_NN  tribunals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  patient_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  single_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  aged_JJ  about_RR  30_MC  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  home_NN1  is_VBZ  in_IO  Cornwall_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  released_VBN  from_IO  Rampton_NP  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  council_NN  announced_VVD  yesterday_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  mental_JJ  hospitals_NNS  since_IO  1944_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  council_NN  first_RR  took_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  case_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  tribunal_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  panel_NN  set_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  patients_NNS  wishing_VBG  to_TO  appeal_VV0  against_IO  their_APP$  detention_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  act_NN  .  
  an_AT1  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  said_VVD  it_PPH1  had_VHD  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  other_DA  cases_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  files_NNS  .  
  easier_JJ  to_TO  hook_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  \0AD_RR  2000_MC  says_VBZ  registrar_NN  .  
  women_NNS  should_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  husband_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Registrar-General_NNSB1  forecasts_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  present_JJ  trends_NNS  continue_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  suffer_VV0  a_AT1  fatal_JJ  accident_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  .  
  the_AT1    surplus_NN    of_IO  women_NNS  over_IO  men_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP    1,510,000_MC  in_IO  1960_MC    will_VM  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  to_IO  only_RR  404,000_MC  by_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  2000_MC  .  
  by_IO  then_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  Registrar-General_NNSB1  says_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  quarter_NN  ending_VBG  last_DA  December_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  total_JJ  population_NN    45,862,000_MC  last_DA  June_NN1    will_VM  have_VH0  risen_VBN  to_IO  55,646,000_MC  .  
  marriage_NN  rate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  marriage_NN  rate_NN  for_IO  1960_MC    15_MC  people_NNS  per_IO  1,000_MC    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  quarter_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  stillbirths_NNS  and_CC  deaths_NNS  of_IO  babies_NNS  under_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  old_JJ  was_VBDZ  32_MC  per_IO  1,000_MC    the_AT1  lowest_JJT  recorded_VBN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  fatal_JJ  accidents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  December_NN1  quarter_NN    4,288_MC    was_VBDZ  75_MC  fewer_DA  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  December_NN1  quarter_NN  ,_,  fatal_JJ  accidents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  rose_VVD  from_IO  1,650_MC  to_IO  1,684_MC  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  298_MC  were_VBDR  from_IO  coal-gas_NNS  poisoning_NN  .  
  only_RR  19_MC  people_NNS  died_VVD  from_IO  polio_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  nine_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  53_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  deaths_NNS  from_IO  diphtheria_NN    none_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  period_NN  .  
  Coventry_NP  to_TO  greet_VV0  bomb_NN  march_NN  today_NN1  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  Coventry_NP  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  trade_NN  union_NN  officials_NNS  ,_,  shop_NN  stewards_NNS  ,_,  trades_NNS  council_NN  leaders_NNS  ,_,  aldermen_NNS  and_CC  councillors_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  personalities_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  urged_VBN  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  to_IO  Holy_NP  Loch_NNL1  Polaris_NP  protest_NN  marchers_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  arrive_VV0  here_RL  after_IO  completing_VBG  their_APP$  14-mile_JB  stint_NN  from_IO  Daventry_NP  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  appealing_VBG  to_IO  workers_NNS  here_RL  to_TO  turn_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  marchers_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  :_:  
    throughout_IO  Britain_NP  indignation_NN  is_VBZ  growing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  cynical_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  allows_VBZ  American_JJ  bases_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  our_APP$  land_NN  .    
  a_AT1  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  at_IO  12.45_MC  \0p.m_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Precinct_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  arisen_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  centre_NN  shattered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  bombs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  .  
  workers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  asked_VBN  by_IO  officials_NNS  and_CC  stewards_NNS  of_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  different_JJ  unions_NNS  to_TO  obtain_VV0  passouts_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .  
    rally_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Precinct_NNL1  at_IO  lunch-time_NN  to_TO  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  marchers_NNS  and_CC  take_VV0  your_APP$  stand_NN  with_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS stand_VV0  for_IO  peace_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  the_AT1  statement_NN  .  
  striking_JJ  tribute_NN  to_IO  achievement_NN  of_IO  Morris_NP  .  
  daily_JJ  worker_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  a_AT1  colourful_JJ  exhibition_NN  commemorating_VBG  the_AT1  centenary_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  event_NN  opens_VBZ  today_NN1  at_IO  the_AT1  Victoria_NP  and_CC  Albert_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  south_NN1  Kensington_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    Morris_NP  and_CC  company_NN  1861-1940_MC-MC  ,_,    a_AT1  tribute_NN  to_IO  Morris_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  associates_NNS  100_MC  years_NNS  after_CS  they_PPHS2  started_VVD  their_APP$  firm_NN  .  
  on_IO  April_NN1  11_MC  ,_,  1861_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  seven_MC  young_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  poets_NNS  ,_,  painters_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  architect_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  engineer_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  mathematician_NN  ,_,  launched_VVD  their_APP$  undertaking_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  marked_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  epoch_NN  in_IO  British_JJ  cultural_JJ  life_NN  .  College_NNL1  servants_NNS  join_VV0  union_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  Cambridge_NP  correspondent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  trade_NN  union_NN  branch_NN  for_IO  college_NN  servants_NNS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  University_NNL1  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  last_DA  night_NN  by_IO  40_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS    porters_NNS  ,_,  gardeners_NNS  ,_,  kitchen_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  maintenance_NN  workers_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Butterworth_NP  ,_,  assistant_NN  national_JJ  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  employees_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS advised_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  branch_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  afterwards_RR  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  than_IO  1,000_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  working_VBG  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  colleges_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  agreements_NNS  on_IO  pay_NN  or_CC  working_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  union_NN  will_VM  strive_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  into_IO  membership_NN  and_CC  seek_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1  rights_NNS  equal_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  similar_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  health_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  other_DA  universities_NNS  .  
  from_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  heard_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  pay_NN  and_CC  conditions_NNS  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  are_VBR  below_IO  those_DD2  operative_JJ  under_IO  agreements_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  elsewhere_RR  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butterworth_NP  added_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  tasks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  ask_VV0  colleges_NNS  to_TO  establish_VV0  agreements_NNS  .  
    each_DD1  college_NN  has_VHZ  autonomy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  colleges_NNS  may_VM  agree_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  negotiating_VBG  jointly_RR  .    
  no_AT1  contribution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  rejected_VBN  a_AT1  proposal_NN  by_IO  Barnes_NP  borough_NN  council_NN  to_TO  contribute_VV0  five_MC  guineas_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Fleming_NP  memorial_NN  fund_NN  for_IO  medical_JJ  research_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  considers_VBZ  that_CS  contributions_NNS  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  fund_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  met_VBN  from_IO  voluntary_JJ  donations_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  from_IO  rates_NNS  compulsorily_RR  levied_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  everything_PN1  went_VVD  backwards_RR  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  Luton_NP  correspondent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  south_NN1  eastern_JJ  electricity_NN  board_NN  yesterday_NN1  apologised_VVD  to_IO  consumers_NNS  in_IO  Leighton_NP  Buzzard_NP  ,_,  \0Beds_NP  ,_,  because_CS  a_AT1  technical_JJ  error_NN  caused_VVD  their_APP$  electrical_JJ  machinery_NN  to_TO  operate_VV0  backward_RR  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  started_VVD  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  afternoon_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fault_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  33,000_MC  volt_NN  transmission_NN  line_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  three_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  hour_NN  blackout_NN  by_IO  temporarily_RR  linking_VBG  secondary_JJ  lines_NNS  was_VBDZ  abortive_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Terry_NP  Lestor_NP  ,_,  production_NN  manager_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  clothing_NN  factory_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    everything_PN1  went_VVD  haywire_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  light_NN  came_VVD  on_RP  warning_VBG  that_CS  power_NN  was_VBDZ  restored_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  bench_NN  motors_NNS  were_VBDR  started_VBN  .  
  sewing_NN  machines_NNS  worked_VVD  backwards_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  pressing_NN  plant_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  holding_VBG  garments_NNS  down_RP  blew_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .    
  other_DA  factories_NNS  sent_VVD  workers_NNS  home_NN1  because_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  power_NN  .  
  an_AT1  electricity_NN  board_NN  spokesman_NN  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  apology_NN  and_CC  explanation_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  consumers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  explained_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  supply_NN  system_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  into_IO  use_NN  in_IO  10_MC  days_NNS  and_CC  this_DD1  should_VM  never_RR  happen_VV0  again_RR  .    
  driving_NN  ban_NN  on_IO  Judge_NNSB1  .  
  fined_VBN  in_IO  drink_NN  case_NN  .  
  Judge_NNSB1  David_NP  Eyfion_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  county_NN  court_NN  judge_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mid-Wales_NP  and_CC  Shropshire_NP  circuit_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  *+50_NNU  and_CC  disqualified_VBN  from_IO  driving_VBG  for_IO  12_MC  months_NNS  yesterday_NN1  for_IO  driving_VBG  while_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  drink_NN  .  
  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS appeared_VVD  at_IO  Builth_NP  Wells_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  *+38_NNU  19_MC  \0s_NNU  costs_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  address_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  as_IO  Plasgwyn_NP  ,_,  Aberedw_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Builth_NP  Wells_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  pleaded_VVD  guilty_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Prys_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  on_IO  September_NN1  22_MC  ,_,  Judge_NNSB1  Evans's_PPIO2  car_NN  collided_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  stationary_JJ  car_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  cross-road_NN  at_IO  Howey_NP  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Elwyn_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS saw_VVD  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  driving_NN  seat_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  looking_VBG  dazed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  get_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  cars_NNS  were_VBDR  freed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  judge_NN  reversed_VVD  away_RP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  again_RR  tried_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  without_IO  success_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  followed_VVD  the_AT1  judge_NN  for_IO  over_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Prys_NP  Jones_NP  said_VVD  .  
  both_DB2  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  had_VHD  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  judge_NN  drove_VVD  erratically_RR  .  
  his_APP$  speed_NN  varied_VVD  from_IO  about_RR  30_MC  to_IO  50_MC  \0mph_NNU  .  
  eventually_RR  the_AT1  judge_NN  stopped_VVD  and_CC  told_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  who_PNQS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  he_PPHO1  staggered_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  supported_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  from_IO  falling_VBG  .  
  eventually_RR  the_AT1  judge_NN  agreed_VVD  to_TO  allow_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  to_TO  drive_VV0  him_PPHO1  home_NN1  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  car_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  threatening_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  grapple_VV0  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  stopped_VVD  .  
  two_MC  police_NNS  officers_NNS  then_RL  arrived_VVD  and_CC  one_MC1  helped_VVD  the_AT1  judge_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  car_NN  .  
  impeccable_JJ  record_NN  .  
  county_NN  court_NN  Judge_NNSB1  Rowe_NP  Harding_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Swansea_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  presided_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mid-Wales_NP  and_CC  Herefordshire_NP  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magistrates'_NN2  association_NN  at_IO  Llandrindod_NP  Wells_NP  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  attended_VBN  by_IO  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD    what_DDQ  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  bronchial_JJ  cold_NN  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  John_NP  Emrys_NP  Jenkins_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  attended_VBN  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  since_IO  1958_MC  .  
  his_APP$  condition_NN  had_VHD  resulted_VBN  in_IO  outbursts_NNS  of_IO  anger_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sharp_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  tongue_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  perfectly_RR  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  alcoholic_JJ  drinking_NN  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Jack_NP  Abbot_NNSB1  Hobson_NP  ,_,  physician_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  submitted_VVD  a_AT1  report_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  judge's_NN1$  condition_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  22_MC  ,_,  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  took_VVD  three_MC  bottles_NNS  of_IO  light_JJ  ale_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sherry_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  lunch_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  a_AT1  meeting_NN  at_IO  Llandrindod_NP  Wells_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  appear_VV0  normal_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  feel_VV0  well_JJ  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hobson_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  Judge_NNSB1  Evans_NP  was_VBDZ  examined_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  he_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  condition_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  produce_VV0  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  drunkenness_NN  ,_,  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  unsteady_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  movements_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  while_CS  his_APP$  speech_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  thick_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  also_RR  result_VV0  in_IO  mental_JJ  disturbances_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alun_NP  \0T_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  defending_VBG  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  judge's_NN1$  driving_NN  record_NN  was_VBDZ    impeccable_JJ  .    
  twelve_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  the_AT1  test_NN  for_IO  advanced_JJ  motorists_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  driving_VBG  again_RR  until_CS  his_APP$  condition_NN  was_VBDZ  remedied_VBN  .  
  cashiers_NNS  coshed_VBN  and_CC  robbed_VBN  near_IO  bank_NN  .  
  two_MC  cashiers_NNS  employed_VBN  by_IO  independent_JJ  milk_NN  suppliers_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  were_VBDR  attacked_VBN  by_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  men_NNS  armed_VBN  with_IO  coshes_NNS  and_CC  robbed_VBN  of_IO  about_RR  *+2,000_NNU  at_IO  Elgin_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Maida_NP  Vale_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  knocked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  outside_IO  Barclays_NP  Bank_NNL1  .  
  one_MC1  cashier_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  to_IO  Paddington_NP  general_JJ  Hospital_NNL1  for_IO  treatment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gang_NN  escaped_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  abandoned_VBN  nearby_RR  .  
  costs_NNS  for_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  .  
  byelection_NN  case_NN  dismissed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Manchester_NP  Stipendiary_NNSB1  Magistrate_NNSB1  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Bancroft_NP  Turner_NP  )_)  yesterday_NN1  dismissed_VVD  a_AT1  summons_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  Manchester_NP  (_(  Alderman_NNSB1  Lionel_NP  Biggs_NP  )_)  alleging_VBG  that_CS  ,_,  as_IO  returning_JJ  officer_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Moss_NP  Side_NP  parliamentary_JJ  byelection_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  failed_VVD  to_TO  discharge_VV0  his_APP$  statutory_JJ  obligations_NNS  by_IO  not_XX  being_VBG  present_JJ  on_IO  October_NN1  25_MC  to_TO  receive_VV0  nomination_NN  papers_NNS    handed_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Hesketh_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  British_JJ  union_NN  movement's_NN1$  candidate_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bancroft_NP  Turner_NP  awarded_VVD  20_MC  guineas_NNS  costs_NNS  against_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  costs_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  on_IO  October_NN1  25_MC  he_PPHO1  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Max_NP  Moseley_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  agent_NN  ,_,  visited_VVD  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  to_TO  deliver_VV0  the_AT1  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  returning_JJ  officer_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  there_RL  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  5_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  town_NN  hall_NN  officials_NNS  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  wandering_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  passages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  until_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  obliged_VBN  to_TO  defer_VV0  the_AT1  submission_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  .    
  matter_NN  of_IO  courtesy_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0P_NP  \0R_NP  Hinchliffe_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  Alderman_NNSB1  Biggs_NP  ,_,  as_IO  returning_JJ  officer_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  appoint_VV0  a_AT1  deputy_NN    in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  the_AT1  town_NN  clerk_NN    who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  authorised_VBN  to_TO  appoint_VV0  deputies_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moseley_NP  agreed_VVD  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hinchliffe_NP  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  had_VHD  received_VBN  an_AT1  invitation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  candidates_NNS  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  October_NN1  27_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hinchliffe_NP  :_:  *"_*'  
  was_VBDZ  your_APP$  reason_NN  for_IO  not_XX  accepting_VBG  the_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  appear_VV0  on_IO  Friday_NN1  because_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  candidates_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  .    
  yes_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  reason_NN  .  **"_**'  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hinchliffe_NP  said_VVD  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  practice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  courtesy_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  to_TO  extend_VV0  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  candidates_NNS  to_TO  attend_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  time_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  returning_JJ  officer_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  acting_JJ  returning_JJ  officer_NN  from_IO  being_VBG  incarcerated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  building_NN  from_IO  10_MC  \0a.m_RR  to_IO  3_MC  \0p.m_RR  on_IO  five_MC  successive_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moseley_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  election_NN  officer_NN  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Norman_NP  de_&FW  Gruchy_NP  )_)  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  on_IO  October_NN1  25_MC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  more_RRR  authorised_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  than_IO  a_AT1  corporation_NN  dustman_NN  .  
  in_IO  evidence_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gruchy_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  recall_VV0  saying_VBG  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  authorised_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  nomination_NN  papers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  dismissing_VBG  the_AT1  summons_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bancroft_NP  Turner_NP  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hesketh_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moseley_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  labouring_VBG  under_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  grievance_NN  and_CC  ,_,  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  legitimate_JJ  grievance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  consideration_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  wished_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  nominated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  candidate_NN  between_IO  certain_JJ  statutory_JJ  dates_NNS  at_IO  certain_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  position_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  carefully_RR  safeguarded_VBN  .  
  Minister_NNSB1  rejects_VBZ  corporation's_NN1$  high_JJ  street_NN  plan_NN  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  reporter_NN  .  
  a_AT1  proposal_NN  by_IO  Southend_NP  corporation_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  high_JJ  street_NN  ,_,  parallel_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  rejected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Hill_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  clerk_NN  published_VBN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  defect_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  street_NN  would_VM  serve_VV0  both_DB2  for_IO  shopping_NN  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  through-traffic_JB  route_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  functions_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  hindrance_NN  to_IO  traffic_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  danger_NN  to_IO  pedestrians_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  proposal_NN  formed_VVD  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  development_NN  plan_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  centre_NN  providing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shopping_NN  area_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  civic_JJ  centre_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  office_NN  block_NN  area_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  bus_NN  station_NN  ,_,  car_NN  parks_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  inner_JB  ring_NN  road_NN  .  
  a_AT1  public_JJ  inquiry_NN  held_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  recommended_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  scheme_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  rejected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  amend_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  include_VV0  all_DB  but_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  high_JJ  street_NN  and_CC  shopping_NN  area_NN  .  
  a_AT1  spokesman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  the_AT1  full_JJ  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inspector's_NN1$  report_NN  which_DDQ  runs_VBZ  to_IO  over_RR  120_MC  pages_NNS  .  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  report_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  council_NN  meeting_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hannen_NP  Swaffer_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hannen_NP  Swaffer_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  82_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  journalist_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  enter_VV0  University_NNL1  College_NNL1  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  today_NN1  for_IO  a_AT1  minor_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  expects_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  out_RP  in_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  days_NNS  if_CS  all_DB  goes_VBZ  well_RR  .  
  Soviet_NP  Minister_NNSB1  on_IO  tests_NNS  .  
    no_AT1  radiation_NN  danger_NN    .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Konstantine_NP  Rudnev_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  deputy_NN  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,  arrived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  yesterday_NN1  from_IO  Moscow_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  seven-man_JB  Soviet_NP  delegation_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  experts_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  radioactivity_NN  resulting_VBG  from_IO  Russian_JJ  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  dangerous_JJ  .  
  Russia_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  proposing_VBG  to_TO  supply_VV0  dried_JJ  milk_NN  to_IO  children_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  recent_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rudnev_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  committee_NN  for_IO  defence_NN  technology_NN  until_IO  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  what_DDQ  benefit_NN  the_AT1  recent_JJ  tests_NNS  brought_VVD  to_IO  Soviet_NP  scientific_JJ  research_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  personally_RR  am_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  specialist_NN  in_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  add_VV0  anything_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  statements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  .  **"_**'  
  family_NN  killed_VBN  in_IO  bungalow_NN  fire_NN  .  
  a_AT1  former_DA  Bristol_NP  Rovers_NP2  footballer_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  David_NP  Hamilton_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  Margaret_NP  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  three-months-old_JB  daughter_NN  ,_,  all_DB  died_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  fire_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  three-room_JB  bungalow_NN  at_IO  Hall_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  Olveston_NP  ,_,  Gloucestershire_NP  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  .  
  firemen_NNS  called_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  neighbour_NN  discovered_VVD  the_AT1  bodies_NNS  buried_VBN  under_IO  wreckage_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hamilton_NP  had_VHD  apparently_RR  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  bedroom_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  still_RR  clutching_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  another_DD1  neighbour_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Greaves_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS tried_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  inside_RP  ,_,  were_VBDR  beaten_VBN  back_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  and_CC  smoke_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  fire_NN  brigade_NN  arrived_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  bungalow_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1    roaring_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  flames_NNS  .    
  more_DA  students_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  dominions_NNS  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  reporter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  for_IO  education_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  believes_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  educational_JJ  institutions_NNS  in_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  coming_VBG  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  will_VM  increase_VV0  .  
    informed_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  council_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  puts_VBZ  the_AT1  increase_NN  at_IO  10_MC  or_CC  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  memorandum_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Robbins_NP  committee_NN  on_IO  higher_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  expresses_VBZ  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  committee_NN  will_VM  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  demand_NN  accurately_RR  and_CC  allow_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  its_APP$  recommendations_NNS  .  
  two_MC  new_JJ  organisations_NNS  are_VBR  envisaged_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  might_VM  keep_VV0  questions_NNS  of_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  and_CC  training_NN  for_IO  commonwealth_NN  students_NNS  under_IO  constant_JJ  review_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  concern_VV0  itself_PPX1  with_IO  personal_JJ  cases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  help_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  empowered_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  quota_NN  systems_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  methods_NNS  to_TO  control_VV0  distribution_NN  .  European_JJ  air_NN  fares_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  .  
  airlines_NNS  start_VV0  special_JJ  talks_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  to-day_NN1  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  air_NN  correspondent_NN  .  
  air_NN  fares_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN    possibly_RR  by_IO  amounts_NNS  between_IO  2_MC  and_CC  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU    from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  private_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  European_JJ  airlines_NNS  which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  in_IO  Paris_NP  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  meeting_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  called_VBN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  increases_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  air_NN  transport_NN  association_NN    the_AT1  world's_NN1$  airline_NN  parliament_NN    in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  urgent_JJ  requests_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  European_JJ  airlines_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  become_VBN  alarmed_JJ  at_IO  continually_RR  rising_JJ  costs_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  ministry_NN  of_IO  aviation's_NN1$  decision_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  landing_NN  fees_NNS  at_IO  its_APP$  airports_NNS  by_IO  about_RR  one-third_MC  from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  European_JJ  carriers_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  British_JJ  European_JJ  airways_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  attend_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  long-haul_JB  operators_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  British_JJ  overseas_JB  airways_NNS  corporation_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  directly_RR  involved_VBN  but_CCB  who_PNQS fly_VV0  over_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  sending_VBG  observers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  likely_JJ  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  \0B.E.A_NP  will_VM  fight_VV0  any_DD  proposal_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  fares_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  at_IO  such_DA  short_JJ  notice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  airline_NN  has_VHZ  booked_VBN  many_DA  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  passengers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  existing_JJ  or_CC  planned_JJ  fares_NNS  levels_NNS  already_RR  agreed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  raising_VBG  fares_NNS  now_RL  would_VM  be_VB0  enormous_JJ  ,_,  besides_IO  cutting_VBG  across_IO  \0B.E.A.'s_PPIO2  entire_JB  philosophy_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  fares_NNS  down_RP  and_CC  keeping_VBG  them_PPHO1  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  prime_JB  movers_NNS  behind_IO  this_DD1  virtually_RR  emergency_NN  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0I.A.T.A_NP  are_VBR  several_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  European_JJ  carriers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  been_VBN  strong_JJ  opponents_NNS  of_IO  fares-cutting_JB  airlines_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  \0B.E.A_NP  .  
  traffic_NN  talks_NNS  .  
  ending_VBG    fares_NNS  freeze_NN    .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  smaller_JJ  airlines_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  gauge_VV0  .  
  substantial_JJ  cuts_NNS  in_IO  European_JJ  air_NN  fares_NNS  were_VBDR  agreed_VBN  ,_,  after_IO  long_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  bitter_JJ  argument_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  \0I.A.T.A_NP  traffic_NN  conference_NN  in_IO  Honolulu_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  to_TO  become_VV0  effective_JJ  from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  1960_MC  annual_JJ  traffic_NN  conference_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  in_IO  Cannes_NP  last_DA  autumn_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  earlier_JJ  cuts_NNS  were_VBDR  confirmed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  further_JB  special_JJ  European_JJ  reductions_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  agreed_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  become_VV0  effective_JJ  from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Cannes_NP  conference_NN  also_RR  took_VVD  the_AT1  unprecedented_JJ  decision_NN  however_RR  ,_,  of_IO  declaring_VBG  what_DDQ  amounted_VVD  to_IO    fares_NNS  freeze_NN    for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  agreeing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  further_JB  traffic_NN  conference_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1962_MC  ,_,  when_CS fares_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  fixed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  traffic_NN  year_NN  starting_VBG  April_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1963_MC  .  
  landing_NN  fees_NNS  up_RP  .  
  effect_NN  on_IO  costs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  European_JJ  air_NN  fares_NNS  at_IO  their_APP$  existing_JJ  levels_NNS  right_RR  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  of_IO  1963_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  rising_JJ  costs_NNS  and_CC  steadily_RR  expanding_JJ  capacity_NN  as_CS  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  jets_NNS  joined_VVD  the_AT1  airlines'_NN2  fleets_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  rising_JJ  costs_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  overtaken_VBN  the_AT1  airlines_NNS  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  concern_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  caused_VBN  in_IO  European_JJ  air_NN  transport_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  aviation_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  landing_NN  fees_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  airports_NNS  it_PPH1  controls_VBZ  by_IO  about_RR  one-third_MC  from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  .  
  a_AT1  Comet_NP  4B_MC  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  will_VM  now_RL  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  basic_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  about_RR  *+59_NNU  to_TO  land_VV0  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  if_CS  the_AT1  flight_NN  originates_VBZ  within_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  full_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  *+115_NNU  if_CS  the_AT1  flight_NN  originates_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  beyond_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  fees_NNS  are_VBR  about_RR  *+44_NNU  basic_JJ  and_CC  *+84_NNU  full_JJ  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  Viscount_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  basic_JJ  rate_NN  goes_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  about_RR  *+17_NNU  to_IO  *+23_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  full_JJ  rate_NN  from_IO  about_RR  *+30_NNU  to_IO  *+41_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  put_VV0  up_RP  \0B.E.A.'s_PPIO2  landing_NN  fees_NNS  for_IO  \0U.K_NP  domestic_JJ  flights_NNS  alone_RR  by_IO  *+440,000_NNU  in_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  probably_RR  as_RG  much_DA  again_RR  on_IO  its_APP$  landing_NN  fees_NNS  for_IO  international_JJ  flights_NNS  .  
  \0B.E.A_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  forced_VBN  to_TO  counter_VV0  this_DD1  by_IO  raising_VBG  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  domestic_JJ  tourist_NN  fares_NNS  by_IO  3_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  from_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  cancelling_VBG  out_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cuts_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  fares_NNS  it_PPH1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  from_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  .  
  foreign_JJ  airlines_NNS  .  
  openly_RR  critical_JJ  .  
  every_AT1  foreign_JJ  airline_NN  flying_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  position_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  openly_RR  critical_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  landing_NN  fees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  ministry's_NN1$  decision_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  cited_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  meeting_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  reasons_NNS  why_CS air_NN  fares_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  must_VM  rise_VV0    and_CC  rise_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  date_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  higher_JJ  landing_NN  fees_NNS  become_VV0  effective_JJ  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  protect_VV0  its_APP$  bookings_NNS  position_NN    and_CC  its_APP$  avowed_JJ  long-term_JB  aim_NN  of_IO  slashing_VBG  fares_NNS    \0B.E.A_NP  will_VM  probably_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  resist_VV0  the_AT1  strong_JJ  efforts_NNS  that_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  Paris_NP  to_TO  raise_VV0  fares_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  concede_VV0  something_PN1  .  
  one_MC1  possibility_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  win_VV0  a_AT1  respite_NN  ,_,  with_IO  fares_NNS  being_VBG  raised_VBN  by_IO  small_JJ  amounts_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  date_NN  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  outcome_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  already_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Paris_NP  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  even_RR  stormy_JJ  .  
  *+12_NNU  \0m_MC  order_NN  for_IO  boiler_NN  consortium_NN  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  industrial_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  boiler_NN  contract_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  recently_RR  formed_JJ  consortium_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Brown_NP  land_NN  boilers_NNS  and_CC  Foster_NP  Wheeler_NP  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  electricity_NN  generating_NN  board_NN  .  
  shared_JJ  contracts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  consortium_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  last_DA  month_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  supply_VV0  four_MC  350,000_MC  kilowatt_NN  boilers_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  over_RR  *+12_NNU  \0m_MC  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  Tilbury_NP  B_ZZ1  power_NN  station_NN  .  
  the_AT1  steam_NN  condensers_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  supplied_VBN  by_IO  Richardsons_NP2  Westgarth_NP  (_(  Hartlepool_NP  )_)  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  over-capacity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  boiler_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  the_AT1  \0C.E.G.B.'s_PPIO2  practice_NN  to_TO  spread_VV0  the_AT1  large_JJ  contracts_NNS  between_IO  two_MC  manufacturers_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  boiler_NN  order_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  west_NN1  Burton_NP  power_NN  station_NN  in_IO  Nottinghamshire_NP  was_VBDZ  shared_VBN  between_IO  Simon-Carves_NP  and_CC  international_JJ  combustion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  reported_VBN  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  further_JB  *+20_NNU  \0m_MC  order_NN  was_VBDZ  awarded_VBN  to_IO  Babcock_NP  and_CC  Wilcox_NP  and_CC  Yarrow_NP  and_CC  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  Tilbury_NP  contract_NN  will_VM  represent_VV0  a_AT1  much-needed_JB  addition_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  companies_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Aberconway_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  1959_MC  boiler_NN  order_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Bankside_NP  power_NN  station_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  order_NN  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  generating_NN  authority_NN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  service_NN  dates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  turbo-alternators_NNS  are_VBR  due_JJ  for_IO  commissioning_NN  in_IO  1965_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  two_MC  in_IO  1966_MC  .  
  the_AT1  generators_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  reported_VBN  earlier_RRR  this_DD1  week_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  being_VBG  supplied_VBN  by_IO  general_JJ  electric_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  *+8_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  chain_NN  of_IO  shoe_NN  shops_NNS  for_IO  co-operatives_NNS  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  correspondent_NN  .  
  Manchester_NP  ,_,  March_NN1  22_MC  .  
  the_AT1  co-operatives_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  country-wide_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  shoe_NN  stores_NNS  known_VBN  as_IO  society_NN  footwear_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  organisation_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  success_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  spread_VV0  to_IO  other_DA  trades_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  radio_NN  ,_,  and_CC  electrical_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  fifty-six_MC  co-operative_JJ  retail_NN  societies_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  indicated_VBN  their_APP$  readiness_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  English_JJ  and_CC  Scottish_JJ  wholesale_JJ  societies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  venture_NN  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  the_AT1  independent_JJ  commission's_NN1$  recommendation_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  \0Co-ops_NNS  should_VM  establish_VV0  chains_NNS  of_IO  specialist_JJ  shops_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  retail_NN  societies_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  those_DD2  joining_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  include_VV0  the_AT1  London_NP  society_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Arsenal_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  south_NN1  suburban_JJ  ,_,  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  Liverpool_NP  and_CC  Plymouth_NP  ,_,  newcastle-on-tyne_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  retail_NN  service_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  big_JJ  amalgamation_NN  of_IO  societies_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  retail_NN  society_NN  will_VM  invest_VV0  *+5,000_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  shoe_NN  shop_NN  it_PPH1  plans_VBZ  to_TO  open_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  chain_NN  an_AT1  initial_JJ  capital_NN  of_IO  over_RR  *+500,000_NNU    half_DB  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  retail_NN  societies_NNS  and_CC  half_DB  by_IO  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  and_CC  \0S.C.W.S_NP  .  
  the_AT1  shops_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  stock_VV0  only_RR  \0C.W.S_NP  shoes_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  customer_NN  wants_VBZ  a_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  choice_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  spokesman_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  to-day_NN1  .  
  existing_JJ  co-operative_JJ  shoe_NN  shops_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  affected_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  start_VV0  shops_NNS  in_IO  places_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  trade_NN  available_JJ  and_CC  where_CS the_AT1  societies_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  develop_VV0  so_RG  far_RR  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Southern_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  board's_NN1$  retail_NN  trading_NN  committee_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  four_MC  directors_NNS  nominated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JJ  societies_NNS  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  caretaker_NN  board_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  to-day_NN1  :_:  
    behind_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  organisation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  vast_JJ  financial_JJ  and_CC  technical_JJ  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0S.C.W.S_NP  .  
  our_APP$  shops_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  attractive_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  known_VBN  how_CS many_DA  shops_NNS  the_AT1  new_JJ  chain_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  target_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  100_MC  .  
  France_NP  to_TO  cut_VV0  some_DD  customs_NNS  duties_NNS  5_MC  %_NNU  on_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  correspondent_NN  .  
  Paris_NP  ,_,  March_NN1  22_MC  .  
  new_JJ  tariff_NN  cuts_NNS  of_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  to_TO  come_VV0  into_IO  force_NN  on_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  were_VBDR  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  to-day_NN1  .  
  reductions_NNS  apply_VV0  specifically_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  also_RR  affect_VV0  imports_NNS  from_IO  outside_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  British_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  cars_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  benefit_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  reductions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reductions_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  known_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  decree_NN  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  journal_NN  to-morrow_NN1  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  day_NN  after_II  .  
  in_IO  anticipation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  decision_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  in_IO  anticipation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  reduction_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  place_NN  automatically_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  indicated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  cuts_NNS  would_VM  apply_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  countries_NNS  providing_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  duties_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  fall_VV0  below_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  external_JJ  tariff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  results_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  nullify_VV0  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  revaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  D-Mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  prices_NNS  of_IO  German_JJ  exports_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  market_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  clear_JJ  exactly_RR  how_CS the_AT1  reductions_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  few_DA  weeks_NNS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  prolonged_JJ  discussion_NN  between_IO  ministries_NNS  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  the_AT1  cuts_NNS  should_VM  apply_VV0  uniformly_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  or_CC  should_VM  vary_VV0  with_IO  different_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  reported_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  tariff_NN  on_IO  textiles_NNS  and_CC  cars_NNS  imported_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  by_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  checking_VBG  prices_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  finance_NN  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  reductions_NNS  now_RL  approved_VBN  were_VBDR  designed_VBN  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  upward_JB  trend_NN  in_IO  prices_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  more_DA  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  government's_NN1$  determination_NN  to_TO  sweep_VV0  away_RP  protective_JJ  habits_NNS  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Heller_NP  sees_VBZ  signs_NNS  of_IO  \0U.S_NP  recovery_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  \0U.S_NP  correspondent_NN  .  
  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,  March_NN1  22_MC  .  
  the_AT1  widespread_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  recession_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  reached_VBN  its_APP$  turning_NN  point_NN  was_VBDZ  endorsed_VBN  to-day_NN1  by_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  chief_JB  economic_JJ  adviser_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Heller_NP  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Heller_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  with_IO  signs_NNS  pointing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  bottoming-out_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  recession_NN  the_AT1    odds_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  very_RG  strongly_RR  in_IO  favour_NN    of_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  tax_NN  cut_NN  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  business_NN  .  
  aid_NN  for_IO  workless_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  advisers_NNS  made_VVD  his_APP$  remarks_NNS  as_CS  Congress_NP  was_VBDZ  preparing_VBG  to_TO  send_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  anti-recession_JB  bills_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  House_NNL1  for_IO  signature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  ,_,  providing_VBG  $990_NNU  \0m_MC  (_(  *+353,570,000_NNU  )_)  in_IO  additional_JJ  aid_NN  for_IO  unemployed_JJ  who_PNQS have_VH0  exhausted_VBN  their_APP$  benefits_NNS  ,_,  followed_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  feed_NN  grains_NNS  bill_NN  passed_VBN  earlier_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  day_NN    after_IO  two_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  office_NN  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  has_VHZ  now_RL  seen_VBN  his_APP$  first_MD  major_JJ  proposals_NNS  enacted_VBN  into_IO  law_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  his_APP$  programme_NN  has_VHZ  survived_VBN  its_APP$  progress_NN  through_IO  Congress_NP  relatively_RR  unscathed_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  most_RG  contentious_JJ  matters_NNS  have_VH0  still_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  consideration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  may_VM  suffer_VV0  through_IO  a_AT1  pick-up_NN  in_IO  business_NN  conditions_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Heller_NP  said_VVD  to-day_NN1  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  relatively_RR  early_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  emphasised_VVD  that_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  relatively_RR  slow_JJ  return_NN  to_IO  full_JJ  employment_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  administration_NN  is_VBZ  striving_VBG  to_TO  persuade_VV0  Congress_NP  that_CS  a_AT1  turn-round_NN  in_IO  business_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  obviate_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  such_DA  measures_NNS  as_IO  pension_NN  liberalisation_NN    scheduled_VBN  for_IO  April_NN1  1_MC1  by_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  but_CCB  so_RG  far_RR  given_VBN  no_AT1  attention_NN  by_IO  Congress_NP    and_CC  a_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  wage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  up_RP  for_IO  House_NNL1  debate_NN  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sluggishness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  congressional_JJ  pace_NN  is_VBZ  partly_RR  explained_VBN  by_IO  conservative_JJ  opposition_NN  to_IO  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  programme_NN  .  
  but_CCB  another_DD1  reason_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  Congress_NP  is_VBZ  simply_RR  not_XX  geared_VBN  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  flood_NN  of_IO  proposals_NNS  that_PNQS has_VHZ  poured_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  House_NNL1  on_IO  a_AT1  scale_NN  only_RR  matched_VBN  under_IO  President_NNSB1  Roosevelt_NP  .  
  an_AT1  irregular_JJ  turn_NN  in_IO  equities_NNS  .  
  Grattan_NP  warehouses'_NN2  profits_NNS  up_RP  12_MC  %_NNU  .  
  by_IO  lex_NN  .  
  industrial_JJ  equities_NNS  developed_VVD  an_AT1  irregular_JJ  turn_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  early_JJ  marking_NN  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rise_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  fast_JJ  failed_VVD  to_TO  bring_VV0  out_RP  much_DA  stock_NN  .  
  price_NN  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  finally_RR  mixed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  bias_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  level_NN  .  
  breweries_NNS  came_VVD  back_RP  further_RRR  .  
  volume_NN  was_VBDZ  substantial_JJ  again_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  undertone_NN  still_RR  firm_JJ  .  George_NP  McCarthy_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  .  
  Palmerston_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  \0E.C.2_NP  .  
  London_NP  Wall_NP  3431_MC  .  
  a_AT1  sixpenny_JB  bargain_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  an_AT1  unchanged_JJ  dividend_NN  of_IO  300_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  is_VBZ  being_VBG  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  of_IO  Neville_NP  developments_NNS  .  
  and_CC  thereby_RR  hangs_VBZ  a_AT1  tale_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  money_NN  .  
  Neville_NP  developments_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Birmingham_NP  company_NN  run_VBN  by_IO  shrewd_JJ  chartered_JJ  accountants_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  operating_JJ  subsidiaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  main_JB  function_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  an_AT1  issuing_JJ  house_NN  specialising_NN  in_IO  transforming_VBG  private_JJ  companies_NNS  into_IO  public_JJ  concerns_NNS  .  
  and_CC  highly_RR  profitable_JJ  that_DD1  business_NN  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  shares_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  cheapest_JJT  ever_RR  brought_VBN  to_IO  market_NN  .  
  their_APP$  nominal_JJ  value_NN  is_VBZ  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  market_NN  value_NN  is_VBZ  around_RR  50_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  earlier_RRR  this_DD1  year_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  worth_IO  more_DA  than_IO  *+3_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  profit_VV0  figures_NNS  for_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  out_RP  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,  will_VM  prove_VV0  rather_RR  disappointing_JJ  to_IO  shareholders_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+471,000_NNU  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  drop_NN  of_IO  *+312,000_NNU  from_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  before_II  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  shareholders_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  no_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  sympathy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  money_NN  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  briefly_RR  retrace_VV0  the_AT1  golden_JJ  road_NN  .  
  making_VBG  money_NN  .  
  in_IO  1958_MC  the_AT1  then_JB  2_MC  \0s_NNU  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  are_VBR  placed_VBN  at_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  divided_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  sixpenny_JB  ordinary_JJ  share_NN  and_CC  three_MC  sixpenny_JB  deferred_JJ  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  deferred_JJ  get_VV0  no_AT1  dividend_NN  until_CS  20_MC  \0s_NNU  had_VHD  been_VBN  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  .  
  anybody_PN1  who_PNQS invested_VVD  *+100_NNU  in_IO  these_DD2  shares_NNS  in_IO  1958_MC  would_VM  now_RL  have_VH0  666_MC  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  worth_IO  more_DA  than_IO  *+1,300_NNU  ,_,  plus_IO  2,000_MC  deferred_JJ  shares_NNS    which_DDQ  have_VH0  no_AT1  market_NN  quotation_NN  yet_RR  but_CCB  are_VBR  surely_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  valuable_JJ  later_RRR  .  
  beer_NN  wedding_NN  .  
  every_AT1  expert_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  beer_NN  business_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  prophesying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  trade_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  concentrated_VBN  into_IO  fewer_DA  and_CC  fewer_DA  units_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  the_AT1  big_JJ  Yorkshire_NP  combine_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Smith's_PPIO2  Tadcaster_NP  brewery_NN  ,_,  reports_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  having_VHG  merger_NN  talks_NNS  with_IO  Warwick_NP  and_CC  Richardson_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  brewers_NNS  of_IO  Newark_NP  ,_,  \0Notts_NP  .  
  already_RR  this_DD1  year_NN  John_NP  Smith's_PPIO2  has_VHZ  bought_VBN  up_RP  Yates'_PPIO2  Castle_NNL1  brewery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  5_MC  \0s_NNU  shares_NNS  of_IO  Warwicks_NP2  and_CC  Richardsons_NP2  are_VBR  currently_RR  quoted_VBN  at_IO  around_RR  22_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  take-over_NN  terms_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  .  
  shares_NNS  move_VV0  up_RP  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  start_NN  ,_,  prices_NNS  moved_VVD  ahead_RR  again_RR  yesterday_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  business_NN  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  gains_NNS  were_VBDR  worth_IO  having_VHG  .  
  steel_NN  company_NN  of_IO  Wales_NP  rose_VVD  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  35_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  Pru_NP    A_ZZ1    17_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  *+23_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  Threlfall's_PPIO2  brewery_NN  2_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  90_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  section_NN  ,_,  Bowater_NP  put_VVD  on_RP  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  at_IO  46_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  while_CS  Penguins_NP2  rose_VVD  10_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  20_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  imperial_JJ  chemicals_NNS  gained_VVD  a_AT1  further_JB  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  at_IO  61_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  Typhoo_NP  tea_NN  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  at_IO  35_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  in_IO  oils_NNS  ,_,  Burmah_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  announces_VBZ  a_AT1  three-million-dollar_JB  share_NN  purchase_NN  in_IO  great_NP  Plains_NPLS  development_NN  \0Co_NN1  of_IO  Canada_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  4,500,000-dollar_JB  option_NN  on_IO  more_DA  shares_NNS  ,_,  rose_VVD  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  to_IO  34_MC  \0s_NNU  1_MC1  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  where_CS money_NN  goes_VBZ  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  we_PPIS2  invest_VV0  the_AT1  millions_MC2  of_IO  pounds_NNS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  own_VV0  as_IO  tax-payers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  out_RP  today_NN1  ,_,  reports_VBZ  that_CS  expenditure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  programmes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  industries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  public_JJ  corporations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  one_MC1  half_NN  of_IO  all_DB  public_JJ  investment_NN  .  
  largest_JJT  absorber_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  electricity_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  transport_NN  commission_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  .  
  about_RR  two-fifths_MC2  of_IO  our_APP$  public_JJ  money_NN  goes_VBZ  to_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS spend_VV0  it_PPH1  chiefly_RR  on_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  education_NN  .  
  enormous_JJ  sums_NNS  are_VBR  involved_VBN  .  
  total_JJ  investment_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  at_IO  *+1,755million_NNU  .  
  and_CC  next_DA  year_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  year_NN  ending_VBG  April_NN1  1963_MC    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  *+200million_NNU  more_DA  .  
  rising_JJ  values_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  *+1_NNU  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  of_IO  Sopers_NP2  of_IO  Harrow_NP  ,_,  \0Middx_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  store_NN  firm_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  worth_IO  *+48_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  Debenhams_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  already_RR  owns_VBZ  most_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  issue_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  offering_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  4,135_MC  .  
  boom_NN  time_NN    and_CC  bank_NN  rate_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  clipped_VBN  .  
  all_DB  was_VBDZ  merry_JJ  and_CC  bright_JJ  along_IO  the_AT1  golden_JJ  pavements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  everybody_PN1  believes_VBZ  the_AT1  bank_NN  rate_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  again_RR  today_NN1  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  some_DD  bold_JJ  speculators_NNS  will_VM  lose_VV0  money_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  backing_VBG  their_APP$  fancy_NN  with_IO  hard_JJ  cash_NN  ,_,  and_CC  shares_NNS  enjoyed_VVD  their_APP$  best_JJT  day_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  financial_JJ  Times_NP  index_NN  rose_VVD  by_IO  4.6_MC  points_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  jump_NN  of_IO  many_DA  millions_MC2  in_IO  share_NN  values_NNS  .  
  metal_NN  box_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  can_NN  giant_NN  ,_,  rose_VVD  2_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  imperial_JJ  chemicals_NNS  2_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  Beechams_NP2  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  Typhoo_NP  tea_NN  2_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  in_IO  banks_NNS  ,_,  Westminster_NP    B_ZZ1    and_CC  Lloyds_NP2  both_DB2  put_VVD  on_RP  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  while_CS  Prudential_NP    A_ZZ1    rose_VVD  *+1_NNU  to_IO  *+24_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  Courage_NP  and_CC  Barclay_NP  frothed_VVD  up_RP  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  Bents_NP2  brewery_NN  rose_VVD  2_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  less_DA  excitement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gilt-edged_JJ  market_NN  .  
  but_CCB  gains_NNS  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  6_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  were_VBDR  recorded_VBN  .  
  expansion_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Clavering_NP  Fison's_PPIO2  report_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  shareholders_NNS  today_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  already_RR  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reports_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  capital_NN  projects_NNS  approved_VBN  total_VV0  *+13,500,000_NNU  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  great_JJ  nitrogen_NN  plant_NN  at_IO  Milford_NP  Haven_NNL1  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Clavering_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  yesterday_NN1  that_CS  this_DD1  figure_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  become_VBN  an_AT1  overstatement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Milford_NP  Haven_NNL1  project_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  modified_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  now_RL  no_AT1  plan_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  fresh_JJ  capital_NN  ,_,  certainly_RR  not_XX  in_IO  this_DD1  financial_JJ  year_NN  .  
  although_CS  group_NN  sales_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  fertiliser_NN  and_CC  chemical_JJ  combine_NN  rose_VVD  by_IO  *+3million_NNU  last_DA  year_NN  to_IO  *+54million_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  profit_NN  came_VVD  down_RP  by_IO  *+900,000_NNU  to_IO  *+3,607,000_NNU  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  second_MD  highest_JJT  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  history_NN  .  
  booming_JJ  Butlin_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Billy_NP  Butlin_NP  was_VBDZ  host_NN  last_DA  year_NN  to_IO  more_DA  than_IO  600,000_MC  paying_JJ  guests_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  figure_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  larger_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  because_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  camp_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Minehead_NP  ,_,  Somerset_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  open_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  joy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chalets_NNS  certainly_RR  spreads_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  shareholders_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS must_VM  regularly_RR  rise_VV0  and_CC  bless_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Butlin_NP  .  
  last_DA  June_NN1  these_DD2  lucky_JJ  owners_NNS  ,_,  having_VHG  had_VHN  a_AT1  dividend_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  80_MC  \0p.c_NNU  ,_,  learned_VVD  that_CS  their_APP$  shares_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  doubled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  bonus_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butlin_NP  announced_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  interim_JB  dividend_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  capital_NN  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  to_IO  15_MC  \0p.c_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  forecast_VVD  a_AT1  final_JJ  of_IO  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  40_MC  \0p.c_NNU    a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  55_MC  \0p.c_NNU  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  revealed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  full_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  will_VM  show_VV0  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  revenue_NN  of_IO  *+1,500,000_NNU  .  
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  half-yearly_JJ  dividend_NN  is_VBZ  small_JJ  only_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  has_VHZ  called_VBN  for_IO  restraint_NN  .  
  profits_NNS  jump_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  surprisingly_RR  good_JJ  news_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Ivan_NP  Stedeford_NP  ,_,  master_NN  of_IO  mighty_JJ  tube_NN  investments_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  reports_VBZ  a_AT1  jump_NN  in_IO  profits_NNS  of_IO  *+3million_NNU  to_IO  a_AT1  record_NN  *+27million_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  figure_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  includes_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  the_AT1  profits_NNS  of_IO  acquired_JJ  Raleigh_NP  industries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  already_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  declined_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  figures_NNS  now_RL  out_RP  reveal_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  earnings_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  subsidiary_NN  ,_,  British_JJ  aluminium_NN  fell_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  by_IO  *+1,500,000_NNU  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  group_NN  profits_NNS  make_VV0  pleasant_JJ  reading_NN  to_IO  shareholders_NNS  .  
  dividend_NN  is_VBZ  14_MC  \0p.c_NNU  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  18_MC  \0p.c_NNU  paid_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  news_NN  came_VVD  after_CS  the_AT1  stock_NN  market_NN  had_VHD  closed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  greeted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  cheer_NN  .  
  in_IO  after-hour_JB  dealings_NNS  the_AT1  *+1_NNU  shares_NNS  jumped_VVD  5_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  67_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  weapon_NN  is_VBZ  launched_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  lager_NN  war_NN  .  
  four_MC  big_JJ  brewers_NNS  have_VH0  joined_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  unequal_JJ  partnership_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  and_CC  market_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  lager_NN  ,_,  Harp_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  Guinness_NP  ,_,  Courage_NP  ,_,  Barclay_NP  and_CC  Symonds_NP  ,_,  Mitchells_NP2  and_CC  Butler_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  and_CC  Newcastle_NP  breweries_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Lord_NNSB1  Boyd_NP  ,_,  vice-chairman_NN  of_IO  Guinness_NP    formerly_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lennox_NP  Boyd_NP    who_PNQS in_IO  his_APP$  best_JJT  front-bench_JB  manner_NN  yesterday_NN1  launched_VVD  a_AT1  campaign_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Dorchester_NP  Hotel_NNL1  to_TO  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   drink_VV0  Harp_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  now_RL  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  big_JJ  brewers_NNS    Bass_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  notable_JJ  exception_NN    are_VBR  committed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  drinking_NN  market_NN  .  
  big_JJ  business_NN  .  
  huge_JJ  money_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  stake_NN  .  
  Ind_NP  Coope_NP  is_VBZ  spending_VBG  millions_MC2  to_TO  make_VV0  and_CC  market_VV0  Skol_NP  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  groups_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  strum_VV0  the_AT1  harp_NN  have_VH0  combined_VBN  assets_NNS  of_IO  over_RR  *+200million_NNU  .  
  can_VM  these_DD2  huge_JJ  investments_NNS  pay_VV0  off_RP  .  
  the_AT1  brewers_NNS  think_VV0  so_PN1  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  right_JJ  if_CS  enough_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  drinking_JJ  classes_NNS  change_VV0  their_APP$  taste_NN  .  
  dividend_NN  shock_NN  .  
  shock_NN  news_NN  for_IO  shareholders_NNS  of_IO  gas_NN  purification_NN  and_CC  chemical_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Grundig_NP  company_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  to_TO  get_VV0  no_AT1  dividend_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  last_DA  time_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  paid_VBN  35_MC  \0p.c_NNU  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  !_!  
  against_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  profit_NN  of_IO  *+811,000_NNU  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  this_DD1  year_NN  a_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  *+15,000_NNU  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  news_NN  broke_VVD  yesterday_NN1  the_AT1  5_MC  \0s_NNU  shares_NNS  dipped_VVD  to_IO  5_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  recovered_VVD  later_RRR  to_IO  6_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  a_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  10_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  more_DA  down_RP  .  
  stock_NN  markets_NNS  yesterday_NN1  were_VBDR  still_RR  falling_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  recent_JJ  adverse_JJ  company_NN  news_NN  .  
  Wiggins_NP  Teape_NP  ,_,  papermakers_NNS  ,_,  tumbled_VVD  2_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  50_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  Villiers_NP  engineering_NN  ,_,  on_IO  bad_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  6_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  full_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  merger_NN  lowered_VVD  both_DB2  Rank_NP  organisation_NN  and_CC  Gaumont_NP  British_JJ  by_IO  a_AT1  shilling_NN  .  
  holding_VBG  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  directors_NNS  of_IO  Ault_NP  and_CC  Wiborg_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  makers_NNS  of_IO  printers'_NN2  inks_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  continuing_JJ  good_JJ  news_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  shareholders_NNS  .  
  half_DB  year's_NN1$  profit_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  30_MC  last_DA  is_VBZ  *+14,000_NNU  higher_JJ  at_IO  *+515,000_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  interim_JB  dividend_NN  of_IO  3_MC  1/4_MC  \0p.c_NNU  is_VBZ  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  6_MC  1/2_MC  \0p.c_NNU  paid_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  hand-out_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  100_MC  \0p.c_NNU  capital_NN  bonus_NN  .  
  no_AT1  bonus_NN  .  
  shareholders_NNS  of_IO  Fry's_PPIO2  (_(  London_NP  )_)  ,_,  makers_NNS  of_IO  Enox_NP  hand_NN  tools_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  do_VD0  without_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  bonus_NN  this_DD1  year_NN    last_DA  time_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0p.c_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  final_JJ  dividend_NN  of_IO  10_MC  \0p.c_NNU  brings_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  distribution_NN  up_RP  to_IO  17_MC  1/2_MC  \0p.c_NNU  compared_VBN  with_IO  20_MC  \0p.c_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  .  
  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  cut_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  *+19,000_NNU  fall_NN  in_IO  profits_NNS  at_IO  *+54,300_NNU  .  
  wagon_NN  take-over_NN  .  
  directors_NNS  of_IO  Winget_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Kent_NP  engineers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Gloucester_NP  railway_NN  carriage_NN  and_CC  wagon_NN  company_NN  have_VH0  at_RR  last_RR  agreed_VBN  on_IO  terms_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  merger_NN  .  
  Winget_NP  will_VM  offer_VV0  the_AT1  following_JJ  share-exchange_JB  terms_NNS  to_IO  holders_NNS  of_IO  Gloucester_NP  wagon_NN  shares_NNS  :_:  two_MC  Winget_NP  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  plus_IO  *+4_NNU  19_MC  \0s_NNU  nominal_JJ  of_IO  convertible_JJ  loan_NN  stock_NN  ,_,  for_IO  every_AT1  nine_MC  Gloucester_NP  shares_NNS  .  
  last_DA  month_NN  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Morgan_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  Gloucester_NP  wagon_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  when_CS existing_JJ  orders_NNS  are_VBR  completed_VBN  the_AT1  company_NN  would_VM  stop_VV0  making_VBG  rolling_JJ  stock_NN  for_IO  railways_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  main_JB  works_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  closed_VBN  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  merger_NN  should_VM  alter_VV0  things_NNS  .  
  home_NN1  seekers_NNS  facing_VBG  bad_JJ  winter_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  nowadays_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  buy_VV0  a_AT1  house_NN  .  
  one_MC1  major_JJ  authority_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  today_NN1  declares_VBZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  hard_JJ  winter_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  buyer_NN  .    
  the_AT1  authority_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  building_NN  societies_NNS  gazette_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  gazette_NN  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  banks_NNS  and_CC  insurance_NN  companies_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  lending_VBG  money_NN  all_DB  home_NN1  buyers_NNS  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  societies_NNS  .  
  bargains_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  large_JJ  funds_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  anything_PN1  like_IO  enough_DD  money_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  huge_JJ  demand_NN  .  
  and_CC  building_NN  society_NN  managers_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  keen_JJ  to_TO  lend_VV0  large_JJ  sums_NNS  on_IO  expensive_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  some_DD  houses_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  might_VM  now_RL  fall_VV0  in_IO  price_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  the_AT1  pre-1919_JB  houses_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  lending_NN  scheme_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  has_VHZ  been_VBN  abandoned_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  societies_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  lend_VV0  money_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  old_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  so_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  young_JJ  home-builders_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  frustrated_JJ  .  
  for_IO  these_DD2  houses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  others_DA2  ,_,  the_AT1  winter_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  bargain_NN  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  ready_JJ  cash_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  pay_VV0  the_AT1  full_JJ  price_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS many_DA  young_JJ  home-makers_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  that_DD1  position_NN  .  
  so_RR  young_JJ  lovers_NNS  move_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  queue_NN  that_PNQS goes_VBZ  on_RP  lengthening_VBG  .  
  says_VBZ  the_AT1  gazette_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  them_PPHO1  joy_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  trudge_VV0  from_IO  society_NN  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  could_VM  go_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  interviews_NNS  with_IO  building_NN  society_NN  branch_NN  managers_NNS  .  
  or_CC  perhaps_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  prefer_VV0  more_RG  cheerful_JJ  company_NN  .    
  perhaps_RR  they_PPHS2  could_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  cheerful_JJ  company_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd's_PPIO2  new_JJ  right-hand_JB  man_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Brooke_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  set-the-people-free_JB  rent_NN  act_NN  brought_VVD  about_RP  this_DD1  remarkable_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tragedy_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  proud_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  profits_NNS  slim_JJ  .  
  two_MC  major_JJ  British_JJ  companies_NNS  ,_,  Courtaulds_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  man-made_JJ  textile_NN  giant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Wiggins_NP  Teape_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  paper-making_JJ  combine_NN  ,_,  issue_VV0  ominous_JJ  statements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  theme_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  :_:  higher_JJ  sales_NNS  but_CCB  smaller_JJ  profit_NN  .  
  Cortaulds'_NPS$  sales_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  half-year_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  30_MC  were_VBDR  *+3,600,000_NNU  higher_JJ  at_IO  *+83,451,000_NNU  but_CCB  profit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  months_NNS  declined_VVD  by_IO  nearly_RR  *+2_NNU  million_MC  to_IO  *+7,586,000_NNU  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  but_CCB  severe_JJ  shock_NN  for_IO  shareholders_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  interim_JB  dividend_NN  is_VBZ  cut_VBN  from_IO  10_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  9_MC  \0d_NNU    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  from_IO  4_MC  1-6_MC-MC  \0p.c_NNU  to_IO  3_MC  3/4_MC  \0p.c_NNU  .  
  final_JJ  dividend_NN  last_DA  year_NN  was_VBDZ  5_MC  5-6_MC-MC  \0p.c_NNU  to_TO  make_VV0  10_MC  \0p.c_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
    present_JJ  indications_NNS  suggest_VV0  ,_,    say_VV0  the_AT1  directors_NNS  ,_,    that_CS  profits_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half-year_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  order_NN  .    familiarity_NN  breeds_VBZ  discrimination_NN  .  
  world_NN  of_IO  music_NN  :_:  by_IO  Martin_NP  Cooper_NP  .  
  as_CS  Europe_NP  and_CC  America_NP  slowly_RR  approach_VV0  a_AT1  cultural_JJ  unity_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  eventually_RR  shame_VV0  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  into_IO  following_VBG  suit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  or_CC  national_JJ  reputations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  is_VBZ  being_VBG  discarded_VBN  .  
  until_IO  1940_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  observable_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  composers_NNS  whose_PNQV$  music_NN  was_VBDZ  highly_RR  prized_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  countries_NNS  and_CC  entirely_RR  neglected_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  explained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  national_JJ  characters_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  very_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  that_CS  Brahms_NP  met_VVD  with_IO  bored_JJ  incomprehension_NN  in_IO  Latin_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  Bruckner_NP  and_CC  Mahler_NP  were_VBDR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  exclusively_RR  Teutonic_JJ  ,_,  Faure*?2_NP  exclusively_RR  French_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Nielsen_NP  exclusively_RR  Scandinavian_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  Anglo-Saxons_NP2  and_CC  Scandinavians_NP2  marvelled_VVD  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  particular_JJ  appreciation_NN  of_IO  Sibelius_NP  ,_,  Delius_NP  or_CC  Vaughan_NP  Williams_NP  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  wider_JJ  musical_JJ  exchanges_NNS  made_VBN  possible_JJ  by_IO  broadcasting_NN  ,_,  recording_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  international_JJ  tours_NNS  of_IO  major_JJ  orchestras_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  ignorance_NN  and_CC  prejudice_NN  inexcusable_JJ  and_CC  greatly_RR  reduced_VBN  the_AT1  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  national_JJ  temperament_NN  seriously_RR  limits_VBZ  the_AT1  appreciation_NN  of_IO  any_DD  music_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  were_VBDR  formerly_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  limitations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sensibility_NN  or_CC  intelligence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  begin_VV0  to_TO  appear_VV0  rather_RR  as_IO  flaws_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  composers_NNS  concerned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  flaws_NNS  is_VBZ  revealed_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  degree_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  international_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  a_AT1  merely_RR  local_JJ  ,_,  public_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  overlook_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  Brahms_NP  is_VBZ  now_RL  universally_RR  accepted_VBN  at_IO  an_AT1  estimate_NN  well_RR  below_IO  that_DD1  current_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  Germany_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  beside_IO  Bach_NP  and_CC  Beethoven_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  enormously_RR  higher_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  once_RR  virtually_RR  dismissed_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  French_JJ  and_CC  Italian_JJ  programmes_NNS  .  
  Bruckner_NP  is_VBZ  gradually_RR  becoming_VBG  known_VBN  and_CC  appreciated_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Germanic_JJ  countries_NNS  in_IO  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  ,_,  not_XX  as_IO  the_AT1  equal_NN  (_(  let_VV0  alone_JJ  the_AT1  superior_NN  ,_,  as_CS  some_DD  enthusiasts_NNS  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  )_)  of_IO  Beethoven_NP  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  and_CC  unique_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  symphony_NN  .  
  Mahler's_PPIO2  case_NN  is_VBZ  slightly_RR  different_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  neglected_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  Austria_NP  and_CC  has_VHZ  appealed_VBN  more_RRR  to_IO  individuals_NNS  (_(  Casella_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  improbable_JJ  champion_NN  )_)  than_CS  to_IO  national_JJ  groups_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  uneven_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  symphonies_NNS  becomes_VBZ  clearer_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  more_RRR  performed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  now_RL  repertory_NN  works_NNS  here_RL  and_CC  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  six_MC  obtain_VV0  festival_NN  or_CC  occasional_JJ  performances_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  songs_NNS  are_VBR  universally_RR  acknowledged_VBN  .  
  Faure*?2_NP  ,_,  once_RR  dismissed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  trifler_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  recognised_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  minor_JJ  master_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  piano_NN  and_CC  chamber_NN  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  something_PN1  greater_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  song-writer_NN  (_(  could_VM  anyone_PN1  have_VH0  prophesied_VBN  even_RR  20_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  German_JJ  lieder-singer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  would_VM  record_VV0  a_AT1  Faure*?2_NP  song-cycle_NN  as_CS  Fischer-Dieskau_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  .  )_)  .  
  Nielsen_NP  ,_,  like_IO  Mahler_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  personal_JJ  following_NN  outside_IO  Scandinavia_NP  and_CC  individual_JJ  works_NNS  have_VH0  found_VBN  their_APP$  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  repertory_NN  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  favourites_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  quite_RR  different_JJ  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  instability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  public_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  itself_PPX1  infinitely_RR  suggestible_JJ  ,_,  knowing_VBG  nothing_PN1  between_IO  uncritical_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  blank_JJ  incomprehension_NN  .  
  this_DD1  lack_NN  of_IO  critical_JJ  discrimination_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  observed_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  attitude_NN  towards_IO  performers_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  composers_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  price_NN  we_PPIS2  pay_VV0  for_IO  our_APP$  provincial_JJ  position_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  periphery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  western_JJ  European_JJ  musical_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  failure_NN  over_IO  two_MC  centuries_NNS  to_TO  sustain_VV0  any_DD  strong_JJ  national_JJ  musical_JJ  tradition_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  Handel_NP  ,_,  Mendelssohn_NP  and_CC  Gounod_NP  were_VBDR  all_DB  in_IO  their_APP$  turn_NN  astonished_VBN    and_CC  ,_,  being_VBG  human_JJ  ,_,  delighted_VBN    by_IO  the_AT1  adoration_NN  that_PNQS their_APP$  works_NNS  received_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  day_NN  Delius_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  music_NN  was_VBDZ  enjoying_VBG  a_AT1  vogue_NN  that_PNQS carried_VVD  no_AT1  guarantee_NN  of_IO  duration_NN  and_CC  Harold_NP  Johnson_NP  has_VHZ  recently_RR  revealed_VBN  Sibelius's_PPIO2  pleased_JJ  but_CCB  uneasy_JJ  astonishment_NN  at_IO  finding_VBG  himself_PPX1  acclaimed_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  America_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  living_JJ  composer_NN  .  
  Vaughan_NP  Williams's_PPIO2  position_NN  as_IO  chief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  belated_JJ  nationalist_JJ  revival_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  promise_VV0  greater_JJ  security_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  music_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  like_IO  Delius_NP  and_CC  Sibelius_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  grown_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  universal_JJ  musical_JJ  figure_NN  since_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
  several_DA  correspondents_NNS  have_VH0  recently_RR  accused_VBN  me_PPIO1  of_IO  belittling_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  best_RR    damning_VBG  with_IO  faint_JJ  praise_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  composers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  any_DD  praise_NN  must_VM  seem_VV0  faint_JJ  after_IO  the_AT1  extravagant_JJ  paeans_NNS  that_PNQS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  prompted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ;_;  and_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  belittling_VBG  a_AT1  composer_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  too_RG  easily_RR  proclaimed_VBN  a_AT1  giant_NN  to_TO  attempt_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  objective_JJ  estimate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  violent_JJ  opposition_NN  that_PNQS these_DD2  composers_NNS  have_VH0  certainly_RR  aroused_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  quarters_NNS  does_VBZ  not_XX  spring_VV0  from_IO  an_AT1  objective_JJ  valuation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  music_NN  so_RG  much_RR  as_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  music_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  smokescreen_NN  to_TO  hide_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  the_AT1  revolutionary_JJ  works_NNS  of_IO  Stravinsky_NP  ,_,  Schoenberg_NP  and_CC  Bartok_NP  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  begun_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  familiar_JJ  with_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  also_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  discriminate_VV0  in_IO  our_APP$  judgments_NNS  of_IO  Delius_NP  ,_,  Sibelius_NP  and_CC  Vaughan_NP  Williams_NP    to_TO  sift_VV0  their_APP$  major_JJ  from_IO  their_APP$  minor_JJ  achievements_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  perspective_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  great_JJ  contemporaries_NNS  .  
  gaining_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  setting_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  few_DA  sights_NNS  in_IO  northern_JJ  Europe_NP  more_RG  beautiful_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  massive_JJ  towers_NNS  of_IO  Bruges_NP  ,_,  giant_JJ  figures_NNS  dominating_VBG  a_AT1  rather_RR  desolate_JJ  landscape_NN  ,_,  as_CS  one_MC1  approaches_VBZ  the_AT1  town_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  coastal_JJ  plain_NN  .  
  Bruges_NP  itself_PPX1  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  belfry_NN    old_JJ  and_CC  brown_JJ  ,_,    still_RR  preserves_VBZ  many_DA  signs_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  mediaeval_JJ  prosperity_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  an_AT1  incomparable_JJ  setting_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Se*?2minaire_&FW  Europe*?2en_&FW  de_&FW  Musique_&FW  Ancienne_&FW  .  
  some_DD  five_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  ministry_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  department_NN  generous_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  subsidies_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  ,_,  conceived_VVD  the_AT1  admirable_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  asking_VBG  Stafford_NP  Cape_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  musicologist_NN  and_CC  director_NN  of_IO  Pro_&FW  Musica_&FW  Antiqua_&FW  ,_,  to_TO  organise_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  Europe_NP  in_IO  Bruges_NP  a_AT1  summer_NN  course_NN  in_IO  mediaeval_JJ  and_CC  renaissance_NN  music_NN  .  
  every_AT1  year_NN  since_IO  1957_MC  students_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  ,_,  recommended_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  governments_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  met_VBN  in_IO  Bruges_NP  for_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  complete_JJ  course_NN  takes_VBZ  three_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  sessions_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  this_DD1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  course_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  altogether_RR  24_MC  students_NNS  from_IO  14_MC  countries_NNS  ,_,  among_IO  them_PPHO1  three_MC  students_NNS  from_IO  England_NP  and_CC  one_MC1  ,_,  a_AT1  lutenist_NN  ,_,  from_IO  distant_JJ  Finland_NP  .  
  each_DD1  day_NN  they_PPHS2  attended_VVD  lectures_NNS  and_CC  made_VVD  music_NN  informally_RR  together_RR  .  
  coincidence_NN  .  
  by_IO  a_AT1  happy_JJ  chance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  course_NN  coincides_VBZ  every_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Biennale_&FW  Internationale_&FW  de_&FW  Poe*?2sie_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  gathering_NN  of_IO  poets_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  nearby_JB  seaside_NN  town_NN  of_IO  Knokke_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  now_RL  become_VBN  the_AT1  custom_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  students_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Se*?2minaire_&FW  ,_,  under_IO  Stafford_NP  Cape's_PPIO2  direction_NN  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  evening_NN  concert_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Casino_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  last_DA  weekend_NN  ,_,  offering_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  international_JJ  audience_NN  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  programme_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  and_CC  Italian_JJ  14th-century_JB  music_NN  and_CC  works_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Burgundian_JJ  school_NN  .  
  almost_RR  every_AT1  student_NN  took_VVD  part_NN  ,_,  either_LE  playing_VBG  or_CC  singing_VBG  ,_,  sometimes_RR  putting_VBG  aside_RP  an_AT1  instrument_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  unaccompanied_JJ  motet_NN  or_CC  movement_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  mass_NN  .  
  remembering_VBG  that_CS  these_DD2  students_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  working_VBG  together_RR  for_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  little_DA  previous_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  early_JJ  music_NN  and_CC  that_CS  some_DD  were_VBDR  not_XX  professional_JJ  musicians_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  could_VM  only_RR  marvel_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  made_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  individual_JJ  performance_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  musical_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  that_PNQS often_RR  seems_VBZ  remote_JJ  and_CC  inaccessible_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Dufay's_PPIO2    La_&FW  belle_&FW  se_&FW  siet_&FW  ,_,    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  two_MC  sopranos_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  from_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  from_IO  England_NP  ,_,  sang_VVD  easily_RR  and_CC  with_IO  obvious_JJ  enjoyment_NN  in_IO  old_JJ  French_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  preparing_VBG  the_AT1  piece_NN  for_IO  months_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  weeks_NNS  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  performed_VBN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  great_JJ  contrapuntal_JJ  complexity_NN  and_CC  profound_JJ  religious_JJ  feeling_NN  ;_;  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  such_DA  style_NN  and_CC  insight_NN  after_IO  working_VBG  together_RR  for_IO  so_RG  short_JJ  a_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  proof_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  the_AT1  students'_NN2  devotion_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  enlightened_JJ  direction_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stafford_NP  Cape_NP  .  
  John_NP  Lade_NP  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  real_JJ  guide_NN  to_IO  play-going_NN  .  
  about_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  :_:  by_IO  \0W_NP  \0A_NP  Darlington_NP  .  
  people_NNS  quite_RR  often_RR  write_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  choose_VV0  plays_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  .  
  here_RL  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  at_IO  their_APP$  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  my_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  comply_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  sometimes_RR  wonder_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  realise_VV0  how_CS difficult_JJ  the_AT1  task_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  plays_NNS  through_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  when_CS my_APP$  whole_JJ  working_NN  life_NN  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  examining_VBG  them_PPHO1  through_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  being_VBG  made_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0  through_IO  somebody_PN1  else's_RR  spectacles_NNS  .  
  all_DB  valid_JJ  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  informed_JJ  personal_JJ  opinion_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  truism_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  questioned_VBN  hardly_RR  anywhere_RR  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  some_DD  quarters_NNS  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  collective_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  uninformed_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  mystic_JJ  significance_NN  .  
  my_APP$  old_JJ  friend_NN  and_CC  colleague_NN  ,_,  Campbell_NP  Dixon_NP  ,_,  used_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  conversation_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  with_IO  a_AT1  New_NP  York_NP  film-critic_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  lady_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS heard_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  shocked_JJ  incredulity_NN  that_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  his_APP$  public_NN  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  own_DA  private_JJ  and_CC  unsupported_JJ  opinions_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  surely_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    certainly_RR  not_XX  .    
    then_RL  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  .    
    I_PPIS1  stand_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  and_CC  listen_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  people_NNS  are_VBR  saying_VBG  .    
  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  of_IO  this_DD1  lady's_NN1$  persuasion_NN  .  
  my_APP$  opinions_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  are_VBR  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  formed_VBN  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  needs_NNS  and_CC  beliefs_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  own_DA  experience_NN  .  
  nobody_PN1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  encouraged_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  opinions_NNS  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  same_DA  needs_NNS  and_CC  beliefs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  good_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS write_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  about_IO  the_AT1  plays_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  to_TO  see_VV0  are_VBR  appealing_VBG  to_IO  one_MC1  whose_PNQV$  tastes_NNS  and_CC  views_NNS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  share_VV0  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  example_NN  possible_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  letters_NNS  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  select_VV0  plays_NNS    suitable_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  outing_NN    or_CC    suitable_JJ  for_IO  children_NNS    .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  to_TO  answer_VV0  this_DD1  according_IO  to_II  my_APP$  own_DA  beliefs_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  probably_RR  say_VV0  ,_,      take_VV0  your_APP$  family_NN  (_(  or_CC  your_APP$  children_NNS  )_)  to_IO  anything_PN1  you_PPY  think_VV0  will_VM  n't_XX  bore_VV0  them_PPHO1    ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  answer_NN  to_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS thinks_VBZ    suitability_NN    all_RR  that_RG  important_JJ  .  
  common_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  plain_JJ  common_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  moment_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  sure_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  plays_NNS  running_VBG  in_IO  London_NP  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  label_NN    for_IO  adults_NNS  only_RR    might_VM  with_IO  propriety_NN  be_VB0  fixed_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  actual_JJ  label_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  everybody_PN1  knows_VBZ  which_WDTI  these_DD2  plays_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  or_CC  can_VM  easily_RR  find_VV0  out_RP  ;_;  and_CC  nobody_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  senses_NNS  would_VM  dream_VV0  of_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  child_NN  or_CC  an_AT1  innocent_JJ  maiden_NN  aunt_NN  (_(  should_VM  such_DA  exist_VV0  )_)  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  outside_IO  this_DD1  category_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  plays_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  mild_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  unsuitability_NN  ;_;  and_CC  to_IO  these_DD2  I_PPIS1  personally_RR  should_VM  not_XX  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  any_DD  member_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  family_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  schoolboy_NN  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  sneak_VV0  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  dust-hole_NN  week_NN  by_IO  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  saw_VVD  many_DA  plays_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  my_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  consulted_VBN  ,_,  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  approved_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  they_PPHS2  never_RR  did_VDD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  mite_NN  of_IO  harm_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  parent_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  exercised_VVD  only_RR  the_AT1  lightest_JJT  of_IO  censorship_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  children's_NN2  play-going_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  no_AT1  harm_NN  either_RR  .  
  how_CS ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  can_VM  I_PPIS1  help_VV0  other_DA  people_NNS  to_TO  impose_VV0  a_AT1  ban_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  believe_VV0  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  once_CS  you_PPY  begin_VV0  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  almost_RR  nothing_PN1  you_PPY  can_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  child_NN  to_IO  .  
  Shakespeare_NP  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR    all_DB  those_DD2  frank_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  sex_NN  .  
  and_CC  pantomime_NN  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  .  
  Peter_NP  Pan_NP  .    very_RG  little_DA  sex_NN  there_RL  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  horrors_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  sitting_VBG  behind_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  who_PNQS bounced_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  with_IO  glee_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  opening_JJ  scene_NN    the_AT1  dog-nurse_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flying_NN  lesson_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  oddly_RR  silent_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  curtain_NN  rose_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  scene_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  fill_VV0  with_IO  wolves_NNS  and_CC  red_JJ  Indians_NP2  ,_,  pirates_NNS  and_CC  crocodiles_NNS  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  off_IO  his_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  turned_VVD  his_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  and_CC    except_IO  for_II  occasional_JJ  terrified_JJ  glances_NNS  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN    spent_VVD  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  gazing_VBG  longingly_RR  over_IO  my_APP$  right_JJ  shoulder_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  illuminated_JJ  word_NN  exit_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  as_RG  difficult_JJ  with_IO  adults_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  can_VM  one_MC1  do_VD0  when_CS asked_VBN  to_TO  recommend_VV0  a_AT1  play_NN    suitable_JJ    for_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  of_IO  30_MC  people_NNS  (_(  sex_NN  ,_,  age_NN  and_CC  tastes_NNS  all_DB  unspecified_JJ  )_)  except_CS  play_VV0  safe_JJ  and_CC  recommend_VV0    my_APP$  fair_JJ  lady_NN    or_CC    the_AT1  mouse-trap_NN    .  
  to_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  people_NNS  do_VD0  much_RR  better_RRR  picking_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  entertainments_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  at_RR  random_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  women's_NN2  institute_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  enjoyed_VBN  Sandy_NP  Wilson's_PPIO2  pure_JJ    boy_NN  friend_NN  ,_,    went_VVD  off_RP  blithely_RR  on_IO  an_AT1  outing_NN  to_IO  Brighton_NP  to_TO  see_VV0  his_APP$  hyper-sophisticated_JJ    Valmouth_NP  .    advise_VV0  and_CC  condense_VV0  .  
  by_IO  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Weatherby_NP  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  Washington_NP  party_NN  a_AT1  garrulous_JJ  American_JJ  egghead_NN  tried_VVD  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Representatives_NNSB2  to_IO  confused_JJ  foreign_JJ  visitors_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  more_RRR  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  the_AT1  more_RG  confused_JJ  his_APP$  audience_NN  looked_VVD    and_CC  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  too_RG  deep_RR  into_IO  references_NNS  to_IO  populations_NNS  ,_,  finance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  presidential_JJ  recommendations_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  sound_VV0  confused_JJ  himself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  symbolical_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  why_CS so_RG  many_DA  outsiders_NNS  fail_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  American_JJ  politics_NN  and_CC  why_CS   to_IO  them_PPHO1    the_AT1  presidential_JJ  leadership_NN  sometimes_RR  looks_VBZ  less_RG  decisive_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  really_RR  is_VBZ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  popular_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  complex_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  checks_NNS  and_CC  balances_NNS  in_IO  operation_NN  in_IO  Washington_NP  is_VBZ  Allen_NP  Drury's_PPIO2  recent_JJ  best_JJT  seller_NN  ,_,    advise_VV0  and_CC  consent_VV0  ,_,    and_CC  even_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  involved_JJ  and_CC  tortuous_JJ  for_IO  some_DD  foreign_JJ  readers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  then_RL  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  massive_JJ  Hollywood_NP  production_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Drury's_PPIO2  novel_NN  is_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  challenge_NN  to_TO  succeed_VV0  where_CS so_RG  many_DA  others_DA2  have_VH0  failed_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  success_NN    artistically_RR  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  financially_RR    the_AT1  film_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  true_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  Washington_NP  and_CC  yet_RR  be_VB0  simple_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  international_JJ  audiences_NNS  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  director_NN  ,_,  Otto_NP  Preminger_NP  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  film_VV0  recently_RR  in_IO  Washington_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  old_JJ  friends_NNS  reality_NN  and_CC  illusion_NN  were_VBDR  busy_JJ  providing_VBG  some_DD  choice_JB  examples_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  relationship_NN  in_IO  film_NN  terms_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  met_VVD  head-on_RR  at_IO  one_MC1  party_NN  when_CS an_AT1  actor_NN  playing_VBG  a_AT1  senator_NN  learnt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  stranger_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  chatting_VBG  with_IO  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  senator_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP    senator_NN    had_VHD  a_AT1  noble_JJ  looking_JJ  image_NN    as_CS  public_JJ  relations_NNS  prose_NN  sometimes_RR  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1    and_CC  the_AT1  gracious_JJ  manners_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  plantation_NN  patriarch_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  real_JJ  senator_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  untypical_JJ  and_CC  unsaleable_JJ  personality_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  belong_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  shopkeeper_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  millionaire_NN  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  heroic_JJ  film_NN  billing_NN  anywhere_RR  outside_IO  a_AT1  home_NN1  movie_NN  .  
  the_AT1    senator_NN    looked_VVD  too_RG  right_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  outsider_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  expected_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  look_VV0  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  real_JJ  one_MC1  had_VHD  an_AT1  unexpectedness_NN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  cast_VBN  as_IO  anyone_PN1  but_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  illusion_NN  and_CC  reality_NN  is_VBZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Drury's_PPIO2  President_NNSB1  and_CC  senators_NNS  who_PNQS reveal_VV0  themselves_PPX2  gradually_RR  through_IO  760_MC  pages_NNS  (_(  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  paperback_NN  edition_NN  )_)  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  transformed_VBN  into_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Preminger's_PPIO2  Franchot_NP  Tone_NP  ,_,  Don_NP  Murray_NP  ,_,  Lew_NP  Ayres_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  team_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  most_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  split-second_JB  timing_NN  to_TO  create_VV0  their_APP$  characters_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  minutes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  test_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  how_CS much_DA  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  oversimplified_VBN  or_CC  glossed_VBN  over_RP  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Drury_NP  chose_VVD  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  melodramatic_JJ  incident_NN    the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  controversial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  conflict_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  House_NNL1  and_CC  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  over_IO  it_PPH1    and_CC  threw_VVD  in_RP  a_DA  few_DA  skeletons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  senatorial_JJ  cupboards_NNS  to_TO  show_VV0  off_RP  when_CS the_AT1  reader_NN  got_VVD  too_RG  bogged_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  manoeuvres_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Drury_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  former_DA  political_JJ  reporter_NN  in_IO  Washington_NP  for_IO  the_AT1    New_NP  York_NP  Times_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  believer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  moderates'_NN2  way_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  book_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tribute_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  belief_NN  ,_,  in_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  moderate_JJ  enough_RGA  in_IO  tone_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  fair_JJ  even_RR  to_IO  extremists_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  arch_JB  conservative_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  Seab_NP  Cooley_NP  .  
  Charles_NP  Laughton_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS still_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  ring_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,  described_VVD  his_APP$  preparation_NN  for_IO  playing_VBG  Cooley_NP  as_IO    an_AT1  Eliza_NP  Doolittle_NP  job_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  the_AT1  right_JJ  accent_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  phonetics_NN  expert_NN  and_CC  did_VDD  some_DD  extra_JJ  homework_NN  in_IO  conversation_NN  with_IO  some_DD  real_JJ  senators_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  scene_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  play_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  point_NN  with_IO  lightning_NN  professional_JJ  speed_NN  and_CC  also_RR  managed_VVD  a_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  iceberg_NN  of_IO  character_NN  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  revealed_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  how_CS to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  how_CS best_RBT  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  bridge_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  reality-illusion_JB  gap_NN  .  
  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  \0Mr_NNSB1  Drury's_PPIO2  moderate_JJ  tone_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  preserved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  speed-up_NN  will_VM  depend_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Preminger_NP  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  loses_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  ill-informed_JJ  abroad_RR  may_VM  simply_RR  become_VV0  the_AT1  misinformed_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  Washington_NP  seeming_VBG  a_AT1  melodramatic_JJ  circus_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  complex_JJ  meeting-place_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  states_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nation's_NN1$  myriad_NN  viewpoints_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Preminger's_PPIO2  deep_JJ  Austrian_JJ  roots_NNS  may_VM  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  there_RL  for_CS  although_CS  now_RL  an_AT1  American_JJ  citizen_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  may_VM  see_VV0  Washington_NP  with_IO  both_DB2  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  eye_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  objective_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  enable_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  its_APP$  essence_NN  without_IO  getting_VBG  lost_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  or_CC  disastrously_RR  overglossing_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  record_NN  suggests_VBZ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  believer_NN  in_IO  best-sellers_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS knows_VBZ  him_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  he_PPHO1  usually_RR  becomes_VBZ  excited_JJ  about_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  former_DA  actor_NN  coming_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  set_NN  he_PPHO1  often_RR  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  caged_JJ  actor_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  camera_NN  yearning_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  performance_NN  himself_PPX1  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  explain_VV0  why_CS sometimes_RR  his_APP$  films_NNS  let_VV0  personality_NN  do_VD0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  imagination_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  why_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  generally_RR  so_RG  well_RR  cast_VBN  .  
  in_IO    advise_VV0  and_CC  consent_VV0  ,_,    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  chosen_VBN  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  mature_JJ  film_NN  actors_NNS    men_NNS  like_IO  Ayres_NP  ,_,  Tone_NP  ,_,  Fonda_NP  ,_,  Pidgeon_NP  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  Laughton_NP    who_PNQS could_VM  act_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  stars_NNS  today_NN1  off_IO  the_AT1  screen_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Preminger_NP  name_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  unlocking_VBG  most_DA  doors_NNS  in_IO  Washington_NP  .  
  how_CS refreshing_JJ  then_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  reality_NN  to_TO  assert_VV0  itself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  tailor_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Preminger's_PPIO2  assistants_NNS  went_VVD  along_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  shop_NN  to_TO  hire_VV0  some_DD  tuxedos_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  banquet_NN  scene_NN  and_CC  assumed_VVD  he_PPHO1    or_CC  rather_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Preminger_NP    would_VM  naturally_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  credit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Preminger_NP  name_NN  worked_VVD  no_AT1  miracles_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  little_JJ  physically_RR  )_)  and_CC  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  in_RP  for_IO  good_JJ  measure_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  need_VV0  cash_NN  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP2  came_VVD  in_RP  to_TO  hire_VV0  a_AT1  tuxedo_NN  .  
  his_APP$  image_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  smooth_JJ  or_CC  glossy_JJ  or_CC  predictable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  oh_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  goodness_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alive_JJ  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  all_DB  those_DD2  foreign_JJ  outsiders_NNS  could_VM  grasp_VV0  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  more_RG  typical_JJ  of_IO  Americans_NP2  than_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  (_(  even_RR  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  )_)  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  stars_NNS  (_(  even_RR    President_NNSB1    Tone_NP  )_)  ,_,  perhaps_RR  reality_NN  would_VM  win_VV0  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  Franco_NP  Zeffirelli_NP  .  
  by_IO  Gareth_NP  Lloyd_NP  Evans_NP  .  
  Franco_NP  Zeffirelli_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  explosive_JJ  production_NN  of_IO    Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP    shook_VVD  the_AT1  Old_NP  Vic_NP  out_RP  of_IO  its_APP$  Shakespearean_JJ  sloth_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  at_IO  Stratford_NP  on_IO  Avon_NP  setting_VBG  the_AT1  fuses_NNS  for_IO    Othello_NP  ,_,    which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Old_NP  Vic_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  expectations_NNS  for_IO    Othello_NP  ,_,    and_CC  his_APP$  very_DA  name_NN  (_(  like_IO  a_AT1  hissing_JJ  firework_NN  )_)  he_PPHO1  only_RR  occasionally_RR  fulfils_VBZ  prognostications_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  mercurial_JJ  Italian_NN1  .  
  without_IO  his_APP$  long_JJ  leather_NN  black_JJ  jacket_NN  (_(  redolent_JJ  of_IO  Florentine_JJ  back-street_NN  conspiracy_NN  )_)  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  mistaken_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  tired_JJ  young_JJ  English_JJ  director_NN  uniformed_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  easy_JJ  darkness_NN  of_IO  black_JJ  slacks_NNS  ,_,  black_JJ  sneakers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  dull_JJ  pullover_NN  .  
  his_APP$  accent_NN  is_VBZ  slight_JJ  ,_,  his_APP$  voice_NN  even-toned_JJ  ,_,  his_APP$  gestures_NNS  spare_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  are_VBR  restless_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  sometimes_RR  pause_VV0  on_IO  you_PPY  with_IO  disconcerting_JJ  acuteness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slips_VBZ  into_IO  first_MD  acquaintance_NN  easily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  smokes_VBZ  Salems_NP2  like_IO  a_AT1  furnace_NN  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$    Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP    one_MC1  might_VM  expect_VV0  a_AT1  vivid_JJ  staccato_JJ  modern_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  customary_JJ  irreverence_NN  for_IO  tradition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  great_JJ  surprise_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  imaginative_JJ  ,_,  eloquent_JJ    feel_NN    for_IO  historical_JJ  process_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  civilisation_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  entity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  feel_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  presence_NN  in_IO  England_NP  now_RL  as_IO  a_AT1  reflection_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  historical_JJ  logic_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  sixteenth-century_JB  England_NP  the_AT1  natural_JJ  heir_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Florentine_JJ  renaissance_NN    this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  conceit_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  implied_JJ  affirmation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staying_NN  power_NN  of_IO  cultural_JJ  unity_NN  .  
  Florence_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  starting-point_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  culture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  him_PPHO1  personally_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  architecture_NN  there_RL  and_CC  began_VVD  his_APP$  theatre_NN  work_NN  directing_VBG  opera_NN  in_IO  Siena_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  mentions_VBZ  other_DA  Italian_JJ  cities_NNS    (_(    the_AT1  Romans_NP2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  whores_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ  civilisation_NN    )_)  but_CCB  Florence_NP  penetrates_VBZ  his_APP$  conversation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  Florentine_NN1  to_TO  accept_VV0  foreigners_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  usually_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  reality_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  fac*?6ade_NN  of_IO  Tuscan_JJ  easy-going_JJ  optimism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  hides_VBZ  a_AT1  preoccupation_NN  with_IO  death_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  questioning_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  life_NN  means_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  practical_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  art_NN  .  
  for_IO  Zeffirelli_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  genius_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Florentine_JJ  renaissance_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  its_APP$  workmanship_NN    
    the_AT1  Tuscans_NP2  do_VD0  not_XX  believe_VV0  in_IO  fairy_NN  tales_NNS  .    
  Shakespeare_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  ,_,  could_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  or_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  realised_VBN  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
    Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP    is_VBZ  very_RG  un-Italian_JJ    
    there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  English_JJ  girls_NNS  like_IO  Juliet_NP  .  
  an_AT1  Italian_JJ  girl_NN  would_VM  never_RR  dare_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  did_VDD    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  practical_JJ  .    
  but_CCB    as_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  it_PPH1    is_VBZ  very_RG  Florentine_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  full_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  workmanlike_JJ  questioning_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  gouged_VVD  a_AT1  geometrical_JJ  pattern_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  posh_JJ  tablecloth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  restaurant_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  typical_JJ  Florentine_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  limited_JJ  stake_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bard_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  inferred_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  directed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  Shakespeare's_PPIO2    Mediterranean_NP    plays_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  firmly_RR  repudiates_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  probably_RR  direct_VV0    Hamlet_NP    soon_RR  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  event_NN  worth_IO  waiting_VBG  for_IO  .  
  his_APP$  approach_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  play_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  discover_VV0    one_MC1  simple_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  creative_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  poet_NN  .    
  the_AT1  idea_NN  for_IO    Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  irresponsibility_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  love_NN  pushed_VBN  into_IO  tragedy_NN  by_IO  Shakespeare_NP  .  
    Othello_NP    is_VBZ  the_AT1    sentimental_JJ    tragedy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cultivated_JJ  ,_,  brave_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS comes_VBZ  to_TO  love_VV0  too_RG  late_RR  ,_,  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tragedy_NN  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  love_NN  .    
  Zeffirelli_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  mention_VV0  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  Othello's_PPIO2  skin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  knife_NN  traced_VVD  another_DD1  geometrical_JJ  pattern_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  an_AT1  idea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  stick_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  tempted_VVD  disaster_NN  by_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  bogy_NN  of_IO  cutting_VBG  Shakespeare_NP  ,_,  and_CC  scholarly_JJ  interpretation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  assumed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1    idea_NN    justifies_VBZ  the_AT1  means_NNS  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  he_PPHO1  toyed_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  his_APP$  smile_NN  tightening_VBG  into_IO  patience_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  the_AT1  benefice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tradition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  scholar_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  apparently_RR  complete_JJ  immersion_NN  in_IO  theatre_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  paradox_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  unhappy_JJ  inside_IO  the_AT1  core_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  response_NN  to_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS art_NN  means_VBZ  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  vitality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  work_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  complained_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  always_RR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  theatre_NN  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  suspects_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  wither_VV0  away_RP  if_CS  taken_VBN  away_RP  for_IO  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  his_APP$  ubiquitous_JJ  talent_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  supervises_VBZ  costume_NN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  buttonhole_NN  )_)  exhausts_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  typically_RR  Florentine_JJ  ,_,  fighting_VBG  death_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  theatre's_NN1$  shore-line_NN  of_IO  make-believe_NN  .  
  one's_$  guess_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  partisan_NN  )_)  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  immeasurably_RR  fearful_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  man_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  to_IO  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  bitterly_RR  of_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  Brecht_NP  play_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  consider_VV0  directing_VBG  is_VBZ    Mother_NNSB1  Courage_NP  .    
    alienation_NN    is_VBZ  contrary_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  beliefs_NNS  about_IO  art_NN  and_CC  men_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
    Brecht_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Wagner_NP  of_IO  modern_JJ  Germany_NP  .  
  Germany_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  terrible_JJ  things_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  man_NN  .    
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sympathetic_JJ  fear_NN  which_DDQ  prompts_VBZ  his_APP$  friendliness_NN  to_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  home_NN1  with_IO  scene-shifters_NNS  ,_,  \0ASMs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  strangers_NNS  who_PNQS stop_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  high-powered_JJ  sports_NNS  car_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  theatre_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  .  
  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  be_VB0  content_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  theatre_NN  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  the_AT1  best_JJT  theatre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  actors_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  audiences_NNS  .    
  under_IO  pressure_NN  he_PPHO1  admits_VBZ  some_DD  Stratford_NP  audiences_NNS  seemed_VVD  dead_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB      English_JJ  audiences_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  .  .  
  English_JJ  people_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  pattern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  theatre-going_NN  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  pattern_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  admires_VBZ  English_JJ  actors_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  discipline_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  weaknesses_NNS  .    
  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  ,_,  except_CS  obscurely_RR  to_TO  declare_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  separate_VV0  the_AT1  artistic_JJ  and_CC  personal_JJ  life_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  conversation_NN  turned_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  Shakespeare_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  unequivocally_RR  great_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  intensely_RR  human_JJ  ,_,  Zeffirelli's_PPIO2  mind_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  drop_VV0  several_DA  degrees_NNS  in_IO  temperature_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  about_IO  Wesker_NP  and_CC  Delaney_NP  ;_;  yes_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  powerful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  report_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  too_RG  late_JJ  ,_,  old-fashioned_JJ  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  naturalism_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  implying_VBG  and_CC  mitigating_VBG  their_APP$  weakness_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  breath_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  perhaps_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  any_DD  movement_NN  you_PPY  had_VHD  to_TO  have_VH0    roughness_NN  ,_,  where_CS things_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  hacked_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  until_CS  everything_PN1  runs_VBZ  smoothly_RR  .    the_AT1  well-bred_JJ  sneers_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  stifle_VV0  talent_NN  .  .  
  by_IO  Bernard_NP  Levin_NP  .  
  long_RR  ,_,  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Noel_NP  Coward_NP  wrote_VVD  an_AT1  autobiography_NN  called_VBN    present_NN  indicative_NN  .    
  in_IO  part_NN  five_MC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  invited_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  house-party_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  meets_VBZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  young_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
    their_APP$  shirts_NNS  and_CC  flannels_NNS  were_VBDR  yellow_JJ  and_CC  well_RR  used_VBN  against_IO  which_DDQ  mine_PP$  seemed_VVD  too_RG  newly_RR  white_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  immaculately_RR  moulded_VBN  from_IO  musical_JJ  comedy_NN  .  
  their_APP$  socks_NNS  ,_,  thick_JJ  and_CC  carelessly_RR  wrinkled_VBN  round_IO  their_APP$  ankles_NNS  ,_,  so_RR  unlike_IO  mine_NN  of_IO  too_RG  thin_JJ  silk_NN  ,_,  caught_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  intricate_JJ  suspenders_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  conversation_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  struck_VVD  a_AT1  traditional_JJ  note_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  ears_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  long_RR  before_CS  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  sensed_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  fledgling_NN  jokes_NNS  and_CC  light_JJ  ,_,  unsubtle_JJ  badinage_NN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  youthfulness_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  known_VBN  .  
  and_CC  although_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  age_NN  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  younger_JJ  than_IO  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  suddenly_RR  old_JJ  ,_,  over-experienced_JJ  and_CC  quite_RR  definitely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .    
  no_AT1  change_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1922_MC  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP  has_VHZ  n't_XX  changed_VBN  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  last_DA  couple_NN  of_IO  weeks_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shooting_VBG  off_RP  his_APP$  predictably_RR  pursed_JJ  mouth_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  theatre_NN  of_IO  today_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  Times_NP  .  
  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  obsessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  immensely_RR  important_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  other_DA  people_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  dress_VV0  exactly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  still_RR  feels_VBZ  old_JJ  and_CC  over-experienced_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  still_RR  has_VHZ  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  resentful_JJ  superiority_NN  to_IO  more_RG  successful_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  terribly_RR  ,_,  terribly_RR  ,_,  definitely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  advance_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  a_AT1  slight_JJ  one_MC1    is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  stopped_VBN  writing_VBG  sentences_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  verbs_NNS  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  too_RG  old_JJ  in_IO  1922_MC  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  much_DA  idea_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  and_CC  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward's_PPIO2  petulant_JJ  ,_,  bewildered_JJ  ,_,  inaccurate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  shabby_JJ  attack_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  playwrights_NNS  and_CC  players_NNS  of_IO  today_NN1  anyone_PN1  foolish_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  trust_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  guide_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  theatrical_JJ  scene_NN  would_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  quite_RR  lunatic_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  success_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  learn_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  that_CS  our_APP$  stages_NNS  are_VBR  fuller_JJ  of_IO  good_JJ  stuff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  auditoriums_NNS  of_IO  enthusiastic_JJ  audiences_NNS  ,_,  than_CS  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  current_JJ  British_JJ  theatrical_JJ  renaissance_NN  is_VBZ  having_VHG  an_AT1  effect_NN  far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  Broadway_NP  is_VBZ  heavily_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  highly_RR  successful_JJ  plays_NNS  of_IO  today_NN1  that_PNQS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  imported_VBN  from_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  never_RR  discover_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  writers_NNS  and_CC  players_NNS  are_VBR  exciting_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  excited_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  speak_VV0  in_IO  tones_NNS  of_IO  passion_NN  and_CC  belief_NN  and_CC  deep_JJ  ,_,  proud_JJ  faith_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  told_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  technical_JJ  accomplishment_NN  displayed_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  members_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  new_JJ  wave_NN  is_VBZ  astonishing_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  range_NN  and_CC  completeness_NN  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  never_RR  ,_,  never_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  thing_NN  that_PNQS \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP  can_VM  no_RR  more_RRR  forgive_VV0  than_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  understand_VV0    is_VBZ  supremely_RR  successful_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  his_APP$  own_DA  latest_JJT  offering_NN  to_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  ungrateful_JJ  stage_NN  (_(    waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS    )_)  is_VBZ  being_VBG  withdrawn_VBN  shortly_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  failed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  profession_NN  ,_,  to_TO  attract_VV0  an_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  so_RG  nice_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP    too_RG  old_JJ  nearly_RR  40_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  mark_VV0  you_PPY    who_PNQS offers_VBZ  himself_PPX1  as_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  lead_VV0  the_AT1  poor_JJ  ,_,  stumbling_JJ  audiences_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  theatrical_JJ  dark_NN  and_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  ,_,  brave_JJ  noonday_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  perfect_JJ  anyone-for-tennis_JB  weather_NN  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS nothing_PN1  as_RG  vulgar_JJ  and_CC  squalid_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  stove_NN  is_VBZ  ever_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  where_CS lots_NNS  of_IO  nice_JJ  ,_,  jolly_JJ  ,_,  fun-giving_JJ  adultery_NN    to_IO  the_AT1  immense_JJ  ,_,  brittle_JJ  amusement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  master_NN    is_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  theatre_NN  of_IO  today_NN1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  made_VBN  loud_RR  and_CC  clear_RR  .  
  hitherto_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  nothing_PN1  but_IO  its_APP$  talent_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  success_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  against_IO  the_AT1  well-bred_JJ  sneers_NNS  (_(  getting_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  tight_JJ  around_IO  the_AT1  jaw-muscles_NNS  by_IO  now_RL  )_)  of_IO  those_DD2  whom_WPO  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  washing_VBG  higher_RRR  and_CC  drier_JJ  up_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ridiculous_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  to_TO  speak_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  breath_NN  of_IO  such_DA  vastly_RR  diverse_JJ  talents_NNS  and_CC  outlooks_NNS  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  John_NP  Osborne_NP  ,_,  Robert_NP  Bolt_NP  ,_,  Arnold_NP  Wesker_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Mortimer_NP  ,_,  Shelagh_NP  Delaney_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Arden_NP  ,_,  \0N_NP  \0F_NP  Simpson_NP  ,_,  Harold_NP  Pinter_NP  ,_,  Lionel_NP  Bart_NP  ,_,  Peter_NP  Shaffer_NP  ,_,  Willis_NP  Hall_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  write_VV0  about_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  classes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  situations_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bolt_NP  in_IO    a_AT1  man_NN  for_IO  all_DB  seasons_NNS  ,_,    took_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Henry_NP  8_MC  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO    the_AT1  tiger_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  horse_NN    to_IO  an_AT1  Oxford_NP  college_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  ,_,  a_AT1  dark_JJ  ,_,  rich_JJ  portrait_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  saint_NN  wrestling_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  conscience_NN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  an_AT1  agonisingly_RR  brilliant_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  half-man_NN  who_PNQS grows_VBZ  whole_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  impact_NN  of_IO  tragedy_NN  .  
  exquisite_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wesker_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  exquisite_JJ  trilogy_NN  ,_,  ranges_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  pre-war_JB  East_NP  End_NP  of_IO  London_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  post-war_JB  Norfolk_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  semi-literate_JJ  old_JJ  Jewish_JJ  immigrants_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  intense_JJ  and_CC  musical_JJ  young_JJ  Ronnie_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  dying_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  rebirth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Shaffer_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  mercilessly_RR  observed_JJ    five_MC  finger_NN  exercise_NN  ,_,    and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mortimer_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$    the_AT1  wrong_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  ,_,    explored_VVD  the_AT1  hearts_NNS  of_IO  characters_NNS  middle-class_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  even_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP  .  
  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mortimer_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  wit_NN  ,_,  style_NN  and_CC  elegance_NN    three_MC  things_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  false_JJ  prophets_NNS  of_IO  decay_NN  try_VV0  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  disappeared_VBN  from_IO  our_APP$  stages_NNS  .  
  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Simpson's_PPIO2  lunatic_JJ  logic_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  freshness_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  lightness_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  that_PNQS would_VM  make_VV0    waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS    seem_VV0  bad_JJ  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  n't_XX  .  
  from_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Delaney_NP  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  the_AT1  authentic_JJ  accents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bart_NP  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  very_RG  good_JJ  tunes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  some_DD  more_RG  traditional_JJ  quarters_NNS  have_VH0  found_VBN  hard_JJ  to_IO  come_VBN  by_IO  lately_RR  .  
  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  from_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  a_AT1  huge_JJ  ,_,  bursting_JJ  cornucopia_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  writing_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  plot_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  setting_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  character_NN  .  
  belief_NN  .  
  and_CC  to_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  theatrical_JJ  richness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  poor_JJ  darling_JJ  dodos_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  squeak_VV0    kitchen_NN  sink_NN    and_CC    dustbin_NN    drama_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  only_RR  one_MC1  play_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  dustbin_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  by_IO  an_AT1  Irishman_NN1  who_PNQS writes_VBZ  in_IO  French_NN1  .  
  only_RR  one_MC1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  kitchen_NN  sink_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  one_MC1    \0Mr_NNSB1  Wesker's_PPIO2    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  which_DDQ  above_IO  all_DB  proclaimed_VVD  its_APP$  faith_NN  in_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  goodness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  truth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  savagely_RR  to_TO  rend_VV0  squalor_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS perpetuate_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  which_DDQ  brings_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  is_VBZ  the_AT1  clue_NN    the_AT1  common_JJ  factor_NN  shared_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  younger_JJ  playwrights_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  element_NN  which_DDQ  above_IO  all_DB  produces_VBZ  uncomprehending_JJ  rage_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Coward_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  belief_NN  .  
  poets_NNS  without_IO  appointments_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Peter_NP  Chambers_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  14_MC  uncarpeted_JJ  stairs_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  Notting_NP  Hill_NNL1  mews_NN  lives_VBZ  Christopher_NP  Logue_NP  ,_,  poet_NN  .  
    come_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  yelled_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  lay_VVD  down_RP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  obligatory_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  Logue_NP  owns_VBZ  one_MC1  typewriter_NN  ,_,  500_MC  books_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  almost_RR  no_AT1  furniture_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  lay_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  Logue_NP  lay_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  chair_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  occupied_VBN  by_IO  Burns_NP  Singer_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Scottish_JJ  poet_NN  who_PNQS chain-smoked_VVD  cigarettes_NNS  made_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  loose_JJ  tobacco_NN  ,_,  and_CC  remarked_VVD  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  :_:  
    do_VD0  ye_PPY  not_XX  find_VV0  the_AT1  whisky_NN  in_IO  London_NP  terrible_JJ  .    
  nobody_PN1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  care_VV0  about_IO  any_DD  modern_JJ  poet_NN  nowadays_RR  except_IO  John_NP  Betjeman_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS writes_VBZ  agreeably_RR  in_IO  praise_NN  of_IO  buttered_JJ  toast_NN  and_CC  railway_NN  stations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  became_VVD  a_AT1  best_JJT  seller_NN  almost_RR  by_IO  appointment_NN  after_CS  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  his_APP$  verse_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  other_DA  fellows_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  they_PPHS2  live_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  some_DD  interesting_JJ  answers_NNS  from_IO  Logue_NP  and_CC  Singer_NP  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  from_IO  an_AT1  American_NN1  ,_,  Theodore_NP  Roethke_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  actually_RR  made_VBN  poetry_NN  pay_VV0  .  
  money_NN  .  
  Christopher_NP  Logue_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  dark_JJ  ,_,  narrow_JJ  ,_,  energetic_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  34_MC  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  an_AT1  actor_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  type-cast_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  Shakespeare's_PPIO2  Iago_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  published_VBN  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  books_NNS  of_IO  poetry_NN  and_CC  achieved_VBN  a_AT1  wider_JJ  reputation_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  lyrics_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  court_NN  Theatre_NNL1  musical_NN    the_AT1  lily-white_JJ  boys_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  actually_RR  made_VVD  quite_RR  good_JJ  money_NN  then_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  Logue_NP  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  weeks_NNS  the_AT1  show_NN  ran_VVD  I_PPIS1  earned_VVD  *+85_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  represented_VVD  six_MC  months'_NN2  work_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  .  
  average_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  and_CC  you_PPY  see_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  getting_VBG  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  waiter_NN  .    
  noisy_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  current_JJ  book_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  ,_,    songs_NNS  ,_,    has_VHZ  earned_VBN  Logue_NP  *+100_NNU  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  exactly_RR  that_DD1  for_IO  one_MC1  article_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  teenage_JB  magazine_NN  Mademoiselle_NP  .  
  Christopher_NP  Logue_NP  writes_VBZ  fierce_JJ  ,_,  noisy_JJ  poems_NNS  about_IO  war_NN  ,_,  love_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Logue_NP  .  
  son_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Southampton_NP  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  Jesuits_NP2  .  
    I_PPIS1  now_RL  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  abolition_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  property_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  off_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  rattled_VVD  some_DD  coal_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  stove_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lay_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  .  
  a_AT1  gleam_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  shone_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  teeth_NNS  of_IO  Burns_NP  Singer_NP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  lit_VVD  his_APP$  fifth_MD  home-made_JJ  cigarette_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  Christopher_NP  believes_VBZ  that_CS  propoganda_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  are_VBR  part_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  .  
    for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  different_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  almost_RR  like_IO  psychoanalysis_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  work_NN  for_IO  weeks_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  write_VV0  solidly_RR  for_IO  12_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  really_RR  seeking_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  original_JJ  sin_NN  in_IO  myself_PPX1  .    
  Logue_NP  leaped_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  heresy_NN  and_CC  shouted_VVD  :_:  
    original_JJ  sin_NN  !_!  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  talking_VBG  about_IO  .    
  Logue_NP  looks_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  punch_VV0  anybody_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  who_PNQS  could_VM  punch_VV0  Burns_NP  Singer_NP  .  
  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  gold_JJ  hair_NN  frames_VBZ  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  spiritualised_JJ  Viking_NN1  whom_WPO  the_AT1  bigger_JJ  men_NNS  left_VVD  at_IO  home_NN1  when_CS they_PPHS2  set_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  long-prowed_JB  ships_NNS  to_TO  raid_VV0  England_NP  .  
  flames_NNS  .  
    Jimmy_NC2    to_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  Burns_NP  Singer_NP  is_VBZ  actually_RR  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Glaswegian_JJ  mother_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  Jewish_JJ  salesman_NN  from_IO  Manchester_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  count_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  most_RG  inflammable_JJ  poet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  showers_VBZ  burning_JJ  tobacco_NN  strands_VBZ  on_IO  his_APP$  flossy_JJ  gold_JJ  beard_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  flames_NNS  one_MC1  day_NN  .  
  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  :_:    *"_*'  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  smiles_NNS  in_IO  another_DD1  .  
  and_CC  every_AT1  tear_NN  I_PPIS1  brush_VV0  aside_RP  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  you_PPY  hidden_VBN  within_IO  it_PPH1  like_IO  a_AT1  bride_NN  **"_**'  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  that_DD1  for_IO  Marie_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  bride_NN  five_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  New_NP  York-born_JJ  Negress_NN1  with_IO  a_AT1  Harley-street_NP  practice_NN  in_IO  psychotherapy_NN  .  
  dreamers_NNS  only_RR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  poets_NNS  show_VV0  an_AT1  acute_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  money_NN  ,_,  mainly_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  in_IO  laying_VBG  their_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  most_DA  magazines_NNS  pay_VV0  *+10_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  poem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rates_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  go_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  10_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  line_NN  for_IO  longer_JJ  broadcast_JJ  works_NNS  .  
  poets_NNS  write_VV0  reviews_NNS  and_CC  do_VD0  journalism_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  living_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  never_RR  sloppy_JJ  about_IO  money_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Christopher_NP  Logue_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  raging_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  eat_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  restaurants_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  who_PNQS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  president_NN  of_IO  \0U.S_NP  steel_NN  !_!    
  Burns_NP  Singer_NP  ,_,  once_RR  a_AT1  fish-chasing_JJ  zoologist_NN  at_IO  Aberdeen_NP  marine_JJ  laboratory_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  Spyros_NP  \0K_NP  Skouras_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  fancy_VV0  the_AT1  glamour_NN  of_IO  working_VBG  in_IO  films_NNS  .    
  Professor_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  owe_VV0  poets_NNS  a_AT1  living_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  pays_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  modest_JJ  competence_NN  to_IO  Theodore_NP  Roethke_NP  (_(  pronounced_VBN  ret-key_NC2  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  shambling_JJ  American_JJ  poet_NN  big_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  earning_VBG  enough_DD  money_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  one_MC1  in_IO  smart_JJ  Belgravia_NP  during_IO  his_APP$  London_NP  visit_NN  .  
  dwarfing_VBG  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  sherry_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  big_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  52-year-old_JB  Roethke_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    my_APP$  great_JJ  year_NN  was_VBDZ  1958_MC  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  *+10,000_NNU  in_IO  various_JJ  prizes_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  an_AT1  award_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Ford_NP  foundation_NN  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  working_JJ  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  English_NN1  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Washington_NP  ,_,  Seattle_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  teach_VV0  poetry_NN  for_IO  *+4,500_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  amount_NN  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  by_IO  actually_RR  writing_VBG  poetry_NN  and_CC  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  published_VBN  is_VBZ  only_RR  about_RR  *+1,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  journey_NN  .  
  Roethke's_PPIO2  best_JJT  man_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  married_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Auden_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS sang_VVD  his_APP$  songs_NNS  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  sixpence_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  best-known_JJT  British_JJ  poet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  .  
    but_CCB  even_RR  Auden_NP  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  living_NN  just_RR  writing_VBG  poetry_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Roethke_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  anybody_PN1  does_VBZ  ,_,  except_IO  maybe_RR  Robert_NP  Frost_NP  .    
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   face_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  poems_NNS  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  popular_JJ  as_IO  football_NN  coupons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  America_NP  offers_VBZ  is_VBZ  just_RR  bigger_JJ  subsidies_NNS  .  
  as_IO  characters_NNS  ,_,  poets_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  rhyming_JJ  layabouts_NNS  to_IO  saintly_JJ  travellers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  embarked_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  journey_NN  of_IO  all_DB  :_:  the_AT1  journey_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  and_CC  spirit_NN  of_IO  man_NN  .  army_NN  reserve_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  strengthened_VBN  .  
  statement_NN  to_IO  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  this_DD1  week_NN  :_:  
  \0B.A.O.R_NP  will_VM  get_VV0  key_JB  men_NNS  .  
  small_JJ  call-up_NN  possible_JJ  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  military_JJ  reporter_NN  .  
  plans_NNS  for_IO  strengthening_VBG  Britain's_PPIO2  strategic_JJ  reserve_NN  division_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  announced_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  some_DD  units_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  recently_RR  redeployed_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  division_NN  for_IO  service_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  should_VM  the_AT1  situation_NN  there_RL  continue_VV0  to_TO  deteriorate_VV0  .  
  no_AT1  indication_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  of_IO  what_DDQ  this_DD1  increase_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  or_CC  where_CS the_AT1  troops_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  while_CS  conscription_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  ruled_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  some_DD  limited_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  reserve_NN  units_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  affected_VBN  .  
  steps_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  some_DD  key_JB  deficiencies_NNS  in_IO  \0B.A.O.R_NP  by_IO  transferring_VBG  about_RR  100_MC  ancillary_JJ  troops_NNS  from_IO  overseas_RR  .  
  as_CS  \0B.A.O.R_NP  is_VBZ  short_JJ  of_IO  specialists_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  strategic_JJ  reserve_NN  division_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  deficient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  full_JJ  strength_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  further_JB  depletion_NN  of_IO  overseas_JB  garrisons_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  countenanced_VBN  .  
  American_JJ  criticism_NN  .  
  how_CS far_RR  Britain's_PPIO2  moves_NNS  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  her_APP$  reserves_NNS  will_VM  meet_VV0  American_JJ  criticism_NN  remains_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  America's_PPIO2  plan_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  three-stage_JB  defence_NN  structure_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  .  
  under_IO  this_DD1  plan_NN  Washington_NP  aims_VBZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  an_AT1  initial_JJ  enemy_NN  conventional_JJ  onslaught_NN  with_IO  conventional_JJ  weapons_NNS  .  
  if_CS  these_DD2  fail_VV0  tactical_JJ  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  strategic_JJ  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  British_JJ  defence_NN  policy_NN  ,_,  as_CS  laid_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  1957_MC  Sandys_NP  plan_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  showing_VBG  signs_NNS  of_IO  wobbling_VBG  .  
  defence_NN  spokesmen_NNS  now_RL  qualify_VV0  the_AT1  statement_NN  that_CS  nuclear_JJ  retaliation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  major_JJ  Russian_JJ  aggression_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  would_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  strength_NN  and_CC  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  .  
  privately_RR  ,_,  some_DD  defence_NN  officials_NNS  go_VV0  even_RR  further_RRR  and_CC  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  Sandys_NP  policy_NN  is_VBZ    dead_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  dodo_NN  .    
  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  will_VM  see_VV0  Premier_NNSB1  on_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  by_IO  Gordon_NP  Brook-Shepherd_NP  .  
  Sunday_NN1  telegraph_NN  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  and_CC  Madame_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  will_VM  pay_VV0  a_AT1  private_JJ  visit_NN  to_IO  Britain_NP  from_IO  \0Nov_NN1  24_MC  to_IO  26_MC  as_IO  guests_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  a_AT1  French_JJ  statement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  visit_NN  said_VVD  both_DB2  leaders_NNS  felt_VVD  the_AT1  time_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  for_IO    a_AT1  frank_JJ  exchange_NN  of_IO  views_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  situation_NN  and_CC  especially_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  tactics_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  adopted_VBN  towards_IO  easing_VBG  tension_NN  with_IO  Russia_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  that_CS  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  weekend_NN  visit_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  devoted_VBN  to_IO  what_DDQ  one_MC1  British_JJ  official_NN  described_VVD  as_IO    quiet_JJ  and_CC  intense_JJ  business_NN  talks_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  the_AT1  main_JB  purpose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  plot_VV0  an_AT1  agreed_JJ  western_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  German_JJ  issues_NNS  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  west_NN1  is_VBZ  moving_VBG  forward_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  ragged_JJ  Indian_JJ  file_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  almost_RR  out_RP  of_IO  contact_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  .  
  concession_NN  made_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  is_VBZ  reported_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  won_VBN  what_DDQ  amounts_VBZ  to_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  concession_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  allies_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  major_JJ  policy_NN  switch_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  tentatively_RR  agreed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  ,_,  Americans_NP2  and_CC  West_NP  Germans_NP2  which_DDQ  partly_RR  reflects_VBZ  the_AT1  French_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  remaining_VBG    tough_JJ    with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khruschev_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  envoys_NNS  in_IO  Moscow_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  empowered_VBN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  to_TO  seek_VV0  an_AT1  emergency_NN  standstill_NN  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  on_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  situation_NN  alone_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  to_IO  broader_JJ  negotiations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  informal_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  document_NN  need_VM  be_VB0  signed_VBN  .  
  short-term_JB  basis_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  at_IO  ambassadorial_JJ  level_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  east-west_NN1  declaration_NN  re-affirming_VBG  allied_JJ  rights_NNS  and_CC  responsibilities_NNS  in_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  short-term_JB  basis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  fuse_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  bomb_NN  .  
  this_DD1  approach_NN  would_VM  represent_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  strategy_NN  from_IO  that_DD1  favoured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gromyko_NP  ,_,  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  Anglo-American_JJ  emphasis_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  seeking_VBG  a_AT1  broader_JJ  agenda_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  a_AT1  debate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  vulnerable_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  Berlin_NP  alone_RR  .  
  French_JJ  and_CC  West_NP  German_JJ  fears_NNS  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  broader_JJ  agenda_NN  would_VM  involve_VV0  the_AT1  west_NN1  in_IO  dangerous_JJ  concessions_NNS  have_VH0  contributed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  change_NN  .  
  so_PN1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  mounting_JJ  tension_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  west_NN1  now_RL  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khruschev's_PPIO2  famous_JJ    salami_NN    tactics_NNS  in_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  slice_NN  by_IO  slice_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  short_JJ  term_NN  stabilisation_NN  agreement_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  on_IO  Berlin_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  increasing_VBG  contacts_NNS  between_IO  East_NP  and_CC  West_NP  Germany_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  tackled_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  step_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  phase_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  formal_JJ  top_JB  level_NN  agreement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ruled_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  London_NP  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khruschev_NP  may_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  exploit_VV0  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  impatience_NN  with_IO  western_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  .  
  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  do_VD0  by_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  bargain_VV0  direct_RR  with_IO  Washington_NP  .  
  private_JJ  contacts_NNS  .  
  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  campaign_NN  an_AT1  invitation_NN  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Rusk_NP  ,_,  to_TO  visit_VV0  Moscow_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  thought_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  encouraged_VBN  along_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  towards_IO  solving_VBG  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  crisis_NN  through_IO  repeated_JJ  private_JJ  contacts_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  and_CC  American_JJ  chief_JB  delegates_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Zorin_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stevenson_NP  .  
  Russia_NP  and_CC  China_NP  in_IO  struggle_NN  for_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  new_JJ  evidence_NN  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  London_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  to_TO  dominate_VV0  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  illustrates_VBZ  that_CS  global_JJ  rivalry_NN  between_IO  Peking_NP  and_CC  Moscow_NP  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  current_JJ  dispute_NN  over_IO  Albania_NP  is_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  symbol_NN  .  
  in_IO  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  African_JJ  states_NNS  ,_,  Somalia_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  communist_JJ  powers_NNS  have_VH0  begun_VBN  to_TO  clash_VV0  head-on_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  built_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  huge_JJ  embassy_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  300_MC  in_IO  Mogadishu_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  capital_NN  ,_,  support_VV0  the_AT1  established_JJ  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  operate_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  mission_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  a_AT1  new_JJ  China_NP  news_NN  agency_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  no_AT1  Tass_NP  representation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  policy_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  outright_JJ  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  dissident_JJ  opposition_NN  groups_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  extremist_JJ  Pan-Somali_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  this_DD1  aims_VBZ  at_IO  uniting_VBG  all_DB  Somalis_NP2  ,_,  including_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  Kenya_NP  and_CC  Ethiopia_NP  ,_,  under_IO  one_MC1  rule_NN  .  
  Chinese_JJ  support_NN  takes_VBZ  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  secret_JJ  money_NN  subsidies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  inviting_NN  of_IO  Somali_JJ  dissidents_NNS  to_IO  Peking_NP  .  
  here_RL  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  given_VBN  guerrilla_NN  training_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  recently_RR  reported_VBN  for_IO  candidates_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Cameroun_NP  republic_NN  .  
  Moscow_NP  concern_NN  .  
  Russian_JJ  disavowal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pan-Somalis_NP2  is_VBZ  partly_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  Moscow's_PPIO2  concern_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  relations_NNS  with_IO  Ethiopia_NP  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  major_JJ  Soviet_NP  effort_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  issue_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  basic_JJ  ideological_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  throughout_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  are_VBR  putting_VBG  forward_RR  their_APP$  militant_JJ  brand_NN  of_IO  communism_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  model_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  black_JJ  states_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  openly_RR  decrying_VBG  the_AT1  more_RG  moderate_JJ  Soviet_NP  line_NN  .  
  to_TO  support_VV0  this_DD1  campaign_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  have_VH0  developed_VBN  a_AT1  radio_NN  propaganda_NN  barrage_NN  nearly_RR  twice_RR  as_RG  heavy_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  effort_NN  .  
  Peking_NP  radio_NN  now_RL  has_VHZ  a_AT1  total_JJ  output_NN  of_IO  91_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  broadcasting_NN  to_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_DA  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  station_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  compares_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union's_PPIO2  tally_NN  of_IO  54_MC  1/2_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  seven_MC  different_JJ  Chinese_JJ  agencies_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  identified_VBN  running_VBG  operations_NNS  inside_IO  Africa_NP  itself_PPX1  .  
  all_DB  have_VH0  been_VBN  founded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  18_MC  months_NNS  and_CC  three_MC  sprang_VVD  into_IO  life_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  operate_VV0  along_IO  unorthodox_JJ  but_CCB  highly_RR  effective_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  whereas_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  keep_VV0  mainly_RR  to_IO  standard_JJ  cultural_JJ  missions_NNS  and_CC  student_NN  training_NN  schemes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  jungle_NN  roots_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  covering_VBG  the_AT1  dark_JJ  continent_NN  with_IO  troupes_NNS  of_IO  acrobats_NNS  ,_,  dancers_NNS  and_CC  jugglers_NNS  who_PNQS travel_VV0  from_IO  village_NN  to_IO  village_NN  .  
  needless_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  jugglers_NNS  start_VV0  spinning_VBG  Marxist_JJ  slogans_NNS  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  finished_VBN  their_APP$  advertised_JJ  act_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Somali_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  open_JJ  conflict_NN  is_VBZ  repeated_VBN  in_IO  Guinea_NP  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  main_JB  centres_NNS  of_IO  Chinese_JJ  penetration_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  Cote_NP  d'Ivoire_NP  ,_,  Zanzibar_NP  and_CC  Mozambique_NP  .  
  a_AT1  major_JJ  Chinese_JJ  agitation_NN  is_VBZ  predicted_VBN  by_IO  western_JJ  observers_NNS  soon_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  give_VV0  Peking_NP  a_AT1  hold_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  at_IO  strategic_JJ  points_NNS  up_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  east_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  west_NN1  coasts_NNS  .  
  Soviet_NP  tanks_NNS    out-faced_VBN    by_IO  Americans_NP2  .  
  from_IO  Reginald_NP  Peck_NP  .  
  Sunday_NN1  telegraph_NN  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Berlin_NP  ,_,  Saturday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  tanks_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Friedrichstrasse_NP  crossing_NN  point_NN  today_NN1  brought_VVD  some_DD  relaxation_NN  of_IO  tension_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  opposing_JJ  tanks_NNS  remained_VVD  within_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  first_MD  to_TO  back_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  of_IO  nerves_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  their_APP$  T-34_ZZ1  tanks_NNS  rumbled_VVD  away_RP  an_AT1  American_JJ  official_NN  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  faced_VBN  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  Ivan_NP  .    
  about_RR  90_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  10_MC  American_JJ  tanks_NNS  retired_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  have_VH0  now_RL  stated_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  intend_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  practice_NN  of_IO  enforcing_VBG  their_APP$  right_NN  of_IO  uncontrolled_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  by_IO  sending_VBG  officials_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  Friedrichstrasse_NP  checkpoint_NN  with_IO  armed_JJ  escorts_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ,_,    our_APP$  point_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  made_VBN  .    
  \0U.S_NP  plane's_NN1$  defiance_NN  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  American_JJ  tanks_NNS  had_VHD  withdrawn_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  air_NN  force_NN  C-47_NN  defied_VVD  a_AT1  Russian_JJ  protest_NN  against_IO  overflying_VBG  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  circled_VVD  for_IO  about_RR  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  at_IO  about_RR  600_MC  feet_NNS  over_IO  an_AT1  area_NN  where_CS 40_MC  Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  were_VBDR  parked_VBN  .  
  \0Col_NNSB1  Soloviev_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  Commandant_NNSB1  in_IO  Berlin_NP  last_DA  night_NN  sent_VVD  two_MC  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  Commandant_NNSB1  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  protested_VVD  against_IO  United_NP  States_NP  helicopters_NNS  flying_VBG  over_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  mission_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  today_NN1  said_VVD  their_APP$  planes_NNS  have_VH0  every_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  fly_VV0  over_IO  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  morning_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  situation_NN  that_PNQS built_VVD  up_RP  suddenly_RR  at_IO  dusk_NN  last_DA  night_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  arrived_VVD  might_VM  continue_VV0  indefinitely_RR  .  
  angry_JJ  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  twice_RR  mobbed_VVD  Russian_JJ  cars_NNS  ,_,  booing_VBG  and_CC  kicking_VBG  the_AT1  vehicles_NNS  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  departure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  communists_NNS  staged_VVD  a_AT1  propaganda_NN  demonstration_NN  by_IO  sending_VBG  youths_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  to_TO  present_VV0  the_AT1  crews_NNS  with_IO  flowers_NNS  and_CC  chocolates_NNS  .  
  earlier_RRR  ,_,  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  civilians_NNS  had_VHD  taken_VBN  flowers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  crews_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  foremost_JJ  American_JJ  tanks_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  reported_VBN  that_CS  more_DA  Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  have_VH0  reached_VBN  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  drove_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  sector_NN  but_CCB  saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  military_JJ  jeeps_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Prinzenpalais_NP  in_IO  Unter_NP  den_&FW  Linden_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  first_MD  Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  were_VBDR  based_VBN  48_MC  hours_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  at_IO    checkpoint_NN  Charlie_NP    my_APP$  passport_NN  was_VBDZ  examined_VBN  by_IO  communist_JJ  guards_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  carrying_VBG  East_NP  German_JJ  money_NN  ,_,  coffee_NN  or_CC  cocoa_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  civilian_NN  in_IO  sight_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  grey-haired_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS said_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  her_APP$  way_NN  but_CCB  gave_VVD  the_AT1  impression_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  to_TO  slip_VV0  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brown_NP    worried_JJ    by_IO  \0B.A.O.R_NP  .  
  Sunday_NN1  telegraph_NN  reporter_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  labour_NN  party's_NN1$  spokesman_NN  on_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  arrived_VVD  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  after_IO  a_AT1  four-day_JB  inspection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  army_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  worried_JJ  after_IO  his_APP$  visit_NN  than_CS  before_II  .  
  although_CS  no_AT1  units_NNS  were_VBDR  dangerously_RR  undermanned_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  army_NN  was_VBDZ  a_DA  few_DA  thousand_MC  short_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  peacetime_NN  establishment_NN  and_CC  well_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  in_IO  war_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  particular_JJ  shortage_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  in_IO  medical_JJ  units_NNS  .  
  in_IO  equipment_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  radios_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  arms_NNS  and_CC  armoured_JJ  personnel_NNS  carriers_NNS  .  
  Britain's_PPIO2  commitment_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  top_JB  priority_NN  .  
  other_DA  overseas_JB  commitments_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  east_NN1  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  re-examined_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  such_DA  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  need_VM  be_VB0  tied_VBN  down_RP  .  
  conscription_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  .  
  asked_VBN  if_CS  Britain_NP  was_VBDZ  capable_JJ  of_IO  fulfilling_VBG  its_APP$  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  Atlantic_NP  treaty_NN  organisation_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  as_RG  well_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  as_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
    the_AT1  men_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  trained_VBN  and_CC  well_RR  deployed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  \0N.A.T.O_NP  army_NN  that_PNQS worries_VBZ  me_PPIO1  and_CC  our_APP$  role_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  .  
    while_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  clear_JJ  myself_PPX1  on_IO  what_DDQ  that_DD1  role_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  politicians'_NN2  statements_NNS  are_VBR  clear_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  generals_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  air_NN  force_NN  chiefs_NNS  .    
  Dorniers_NP  for_IO  new_JJ  Katanga_NP  air_NN  force_NN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Elizabethville_NP  ,_,  Saturday_NN1  .  
  five_MC  twin-engined_JB  German_JJ  Dorniers_NP2  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  which_DDQ  President_NNSB1  Tshombe_NP  is_VBZ  forming_VBG  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  delivered_VBN  to_IO  Elizabethville_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  nearly_RR  50_MC  planes_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  ordered_VBN  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  Katanga's_PPIO2  defences_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  flew_VVD  here_RL  from_IO  Munich_NP  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  planes_NNS  after_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  pilots_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  British_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  Belgian_JJ  and_CC  two_MC  French_JJ  .  
  bombers_NNS  racing_VBG  to_IO  Kuwait_NP  .  
  more_DA  troops_NNS  ready_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  more_DA  British_JJ  troops_NNS  ,_,  aircraft_NNS  and_CC  warships_NNS  are_VBR  racing_VBG  to_IO  Kuwait_NP  this_DD1  morning_NN  from_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  Cyprus_NP  ,_,  Kenya_NP  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  far_JJ  east_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  military_JJ  authorities_NNS  describe_VV0  the_AT1  operation_NN  as_IO    a_AT1  very_RG  rapid_JJ  build-up_NN  .    
  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  the_AT1  security_NN  council_NN  is_VBZ  meeting_VBG  at_IO  11_MC  \0a.m_RR  today_NN1  at_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  request_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  Britain_NP  and_CC  Kuwait_NP  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  Washington_NP  the_AT1  state_NN  department_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  has_VHZ  endorsed_VBN  Britain's_PPIO2  show_NN  of_IO  force_NN  ,_,  expressing_VBG  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  assure_VV0  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  in_IO  London_NP  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  British_JJ  troops_NNS  and_CC  aircraft_NNS  went_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  royal_JJ  navy_NN  warships_NNS  circled_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  off-shore_JB  gulf_NN  heat-haze_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  called_VVD  an_AT1  emergency_NN  meeting_NN  of_IO  cabinet_NN  Ministers_NNSB2  and_CC  service_NN  chiefs_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hugh_NP  Gaitskell_NP  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  inside_JB  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  .  
  then_RL  last_DA  night_NN  at_IO  Bowood_NP  ,_,  Calne_NP  ,_,  \0Wilts_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  ,_,  speaking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Wessex_NP  area_NN  conservative_JJ  rally_NN  ,_,  explained_VVD  what_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  threat_NN  by_IO  Premier_NNSB1  Kassem_NP  of_IO  Iraq_NP  to_TO  annexe_VV0  Kuwait_NP    and_CC  why_CS .  
    I_PPIS1  still_RR  trust_VV0  that_CS  threats_NNS  against_IO  Kuwait_NP  are_VBR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Iraq_NP  will_VM  refrain_VV0  from_IO  any_DD  aggressive_JJ  action_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  take_VV0  no_AT1  risk_NN  and_CC  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  being_VBG  used_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  indications_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  build-up_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  threaten_VV0  Kuwait_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  thought_VBN  it_PPH1  right_JJ  to_TO  respond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  urgent_JJ  and_CC  formal_JJ  request_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ruler_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  some_DD  protectionary_JJ  strength_NN  .    
  tanks_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  ,_,  speaking_VBG  at_IO  Bristol_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  how_CS Britain_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  refused_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  Kuwait_NP  .  
  but_CCB  our_APP$  troops_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  stay_VV0  there_RL  a_AT1  day_NN  longer_RRR  than_CS  necessary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  force_NN  to_TO  replace_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  British_JJ  troops_NNS  in_RP  ,_,  about_RR  600_MC  royal_JJ  marines_NNS  of_IO  42_MC  commando_NN  and_CC  150_MC  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  dragoon_NN  guards_NNS  with_IO  14_MC  Centurion_NP  tanks_NNS  ,_,  went_VVD  ashore_RR  at_IO  Kuwait_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  shade_NN  temperature_NN  of_IO  120_MC  degrees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  marines_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  racing_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  searingly_RR  hot_JJ  Persian_JJ  Gulf_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  navy_JJ  carrier_NN  Bulwark_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  set_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  Karachi_NP  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  dragoon_NN  guards_NNS  were_VBDR  put_VBN  ashore_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  tank_NN  landing_NN  ship_NN  Striker_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  arrived_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  amphibious_JJ  warfare_NN  squadron_NN  .  
  almost_RR  simultaneously_RR  a_AT1  squadron_NN  of_IO  \0R.A.F_NP  Hawker_NP  Hunter_NP  jet_NN  fighters_NNS  came_VVD  screaming_VBG  in_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  landing_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  believed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  flown_VBN  from_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  off-shore_RR  ,_,  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  British_JJ  frigate_NN  Loch_NP  Alvie_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  vessels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  amphibious_JJ  warfare_NN  squadron_NN  circled_VVD  before_II  anchoring_VBG  ,_,  apparently_RR  just_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  three-mile_JB  limit_NN  .  
  alerted_VBN  .  
  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  in_IO  Kuwait_NP  that_CS  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  Saudi_NP  Arabian_JJ  troops_NNS  had_VHD  also_RR  arrived_VBN  .  
  and_CC  that_CS  eight_MC  \0R.A.F_NP  Canberra_NP  jet_NN  bombers_NNS  from_IO  Germany_NP  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  Gulf_NNL1  air_NN  base_NN  at_IO  Sharjah_NP  .  
  two_MC  squadrons_NNS  of_IO  Canberra_NP  bombers_NNS  from_IO  Cyprus_NP  were_VBDR  reported_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  arrived_VBN  at_IO  Aden_NP  on_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Kuwait_NP  .  
  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Devonshire_NP  and_CC  Dorset_NP  regiments_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  2nd_MD  battalion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parachute_NN  regiment_NN  in_IO  Cyprus_NP  were_VBDR  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  alerted_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  move_NN  .  
  and_CC  from_IO  Kenya_NP  there_EX  were_VBDR  reports_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Coldstream_NP  guards_NNS  and_CC  King's_NNSB2  regiment_NN  were_VBDR  soon_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  airlifted_VBN  north_NN1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  aircraft_NNS  became_VVD  available_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Kuwait_NP  plans_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  made_VBN  to_TO  evacuate_VV0  the_AT1  3,000_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  Britons_NP2  who_PNQS live_VV0  there_RL  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  officially_RR  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  thoughts_NNS  of_IO  evacuation_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  situation_NN  deteriorates_VBZ  seriously_RR  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  Kuwait_NP  supreme_JJ  council_NN  announced_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  frontier_NN  with_IO  Iraq_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  closed_VBN  .  
  terms_VBZ  before_CS  we_PPIS2  join_VV0  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  quite_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  make_VV0  conditions_NNS  before_IO  joining_VBG  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN    in_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  form_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Butler_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  determined_JJ  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  farmers_NNS  ,_,  our_APP$  commonwealth_NN  partners_NNS  and_CC  our_APP$  friends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  free_JJ  trade_NN  association_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  conservatives_NNS  at_IO  Harrogate_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  as_IO  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  no_AT1  decision_NN  had_VHD  yet_RR  been_VBN  reached_VBN  even_RR  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  formal_JJ  negotiations_NNS  for_IO  joining_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  reached_VVD  some_DD  agreement_NN  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  major_JJ  changes_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  warned_VVD  that_CS  industry_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  face_VV0  more_DA  competition_NN  from_IO  European_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  paper_NN  published_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  non-party_JB  \0P.E.P_NP  (_(  political_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  planning_NN  )_)  says_VBZ  most_DA  British_JJ  farmers_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  adversely_RR  affected_VBN  if_CS  Britain_NP  joins_VBZ  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  some_DD  farmers_NNS  might_VM  gain_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  horticulturists_NNS    would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  meet_VV0  keener_JJ  competition_NN  unless_CS  imports_NNS  were_VBDR  restricted_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  other_DA  means_NNS  than_IO  tariffs_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  national_JJ  farmers'_NN2  union_NN  said_VVD  the_AT1  \0P.E.P_NP  study_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  show_VV0  that_CS  farmers_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  well-off_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  long-term_JB  basis_NN  under_IO  common_JJ  market_NN  terms_NNS  .  
  now_RL  Kruschev_NP  hots_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  .  
  from_IO  \0A_NP  Noyes_NP  Thomas_NP  .  
  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  ,_,  Saturday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  today_NN1  made_VVD  two_MC  ominous_JJ  moves_NNS    and_CC  another_DD1  threatening_JJ  statement_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  heightening_JJ  German_JJ  crisis_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  suspended_VVD  all_DB  planned_JJ  reductions_NNS  in_IO  Soviet_NP  armed_JJ  forces_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  stepped-up_VVD  Soviet_NP  military_JJ  expenditure_NN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  30_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:    
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  sign_VV0  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  with_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  and_CC  order_VV0  our_APP$  armed_JJ  forces_NNS  to_TO  administer_VV0  a_AT1  worthy_JJ  rebuff_NN  to_IO  any_DD  aggressor_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  raises_VBZ  his_APP$  hand_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  or_CC  our_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  best_JJT  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS think_VV0  of_IO  war_NN  not_XX  to_TO  imagine_VV0  that_CS  distance_NN  will_VM  save_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  everything_PN1  at_IO  our_APP$  disposal_NN  to_TO  solve_VV0  successfully_RR  the_AT1  responsible_JJ  tasks_NNS  facing_VBG  us_PPIO2   .    
  the_AT1  speech_NN  ,_,  broadcast_VBN  by_IO  Moscow_NP  radio_NN  ,_,  coincided_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  German_JJ  problem_NN  between_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  top_JB  advisers_NNS  .  
  razor_NN  edge_NN  .  
  and_CC  while_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  leader_NN  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  the_AT1  Nato_NP  council_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  received_VVD  from_IO  Washington_NP  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  note_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  government_NN  will_VM  shortly_RR  deliver_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Kremlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  note_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  handed_VBN  to_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  in_IO  Vienna_NP  on_IO  June_NN1  4_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  not_XX  known_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  to_TO  reject_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  demands_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  news_NN  pours_VBZ  in_RP  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  beleagured_JJ  Berlin_NP  this_DD1  weekend_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  city_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  razor's_NN1$  edge_NN  .  
  until_IO  24_MC  hours_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  ago_RR  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  building_VBG  up_RP  vast_JJ  stocks_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  siege_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  city_NN  ,_,  believed_VVD  the_AT1  west_NN1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  fast_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  all_DB  communist_JJ  threats_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  from_IO  Washington_NP  came_VVD  seemingly_RR  authoritative_JJ  reports_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  might_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  risk_VV0  war_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  issues_NNS  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  distance_NN  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  government_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  East_NP  German_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west's_NP1  tenuous_JJ  life-lines_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  zone_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  city_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  long_JJ  talk_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Willy_NP  Brandt_NP  ,_,  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  strong_JJ  candidate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  chancellorship_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  Germany_NP  .  
  Kruschev_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  ,_,  has_VHZ  become_VBN    a_AT1  prisoner_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  .    
  after_IO  years_NNS  of_IO  bluffing_VBG  over_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  and_CC  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  leader_NN  is_VBZ  faced_VBN  at_RR  last_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  one_MC1  reason_NN  :_:  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  impatient_JJ  leaders_NNS  of_IO  impoverished_JJ  ,_,  struggling_JJ  East_NP  Germany_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  says_VBZ  Herr_NNSB1  Brandt_NP  ,_,  in_IO  many_DA  respects_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  Russian_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  .  
  Herr_NNSB1  Brandt_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  whatsoever_DDQ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  really_RR  does_VBZ  intend_VV0  this_DD1  time_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  separate_JJ  peace_NN  treaty_NN  with_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  privately_RR  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Brandt_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  see_VV0  eye_NN  to_IO  eye_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  Germans_NP2  over_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  this_DD1  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Soviet_NP  propaganda_NN  frequently_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  set-up_NN  as_IO    a_AT1  thorn_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  ,_,      a_AT1  bone_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  throat_NN    and_CC    a_AT1  base_NN  for_IO  hostile_JJ  ,_,  provocative_JJ  activity_NN  .    
    look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  the_AT1  young_JJ  handsome_JJ  mayor_NN  .  
    every_AT1  week_NN  between_IO  4,000_MC  and_CC  5,000_MC  East_NP  Germans_NP2  escape_VV0  into_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  through_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
    every_AT1  day_NN  crowds_NNS  of_IO  east_NN1  Berliners_NP2  come_VV0  into_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  to_TO  goggle_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  prosperity_NN  here_RL  before_IO  returning_VBG  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  drab_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  where_CS ,_,  16_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  meat_NN  and_CC  butter_NN  are_VBR  still_RR  rationed_VBN  .  
    all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  galling_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  ,_,  see_VV0  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  safety_NN  valve_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  calms_VBZ  the_AT1  feelings_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  in_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  symbol_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  is_VBZ  here_RL  ,_,  close_RR  by_RP  ;_;  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  way_NN  out_RP  .  
    remove_VV0  that_DD1  safety_NN  valve_NN  and_CC  things_NNS  might_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  happen_VV0  in_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  revolution_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR  .  
  but_CCB  sabotage_NN  ,_,  more_DA  go-slow_JB  campaigns_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  passive_JJ  resistance_NN  .    
  Herr_NNSB1  Brandt_NP  believes_VBZ  that_CS  until_IO  now_RL  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  actually_RR  vetoed_VBN  East_NP  German_JJ  plans_NNS  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  refugees_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  Gerhard_NP  Eiseler_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  propaganda_NN  chief_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  speech_NN  hinting_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  war_NN  of_IO  nerves_NNS  against_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  says_VBZ  Herr_NNSB1  Brandt_NP  :_:  
    if_CS  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  far_RR  less_RG  dramatic_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  no_RR  less_RG  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  than_CS  most_DA  people_NNS  expect_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  it_PPH1  taking_VBG  as_RG  blunt_JJ  a_AT1  turn_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  blockade_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  .  
  come_VV0  on_IO  Britain_NP  !_!  
  by_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  pull_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  socks_NNS  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  political_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  grim-faced_JJ  and_CC  speaking_VBG  with_IO  quiet_JJ  emphasis_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  gave_VVD  the_AT1  country_NN  a_AT1  tough_JJ  pep_NN  talk_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  come_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  Britain_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  pull_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  socks_NNS    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  fighting_JJ  speech_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  tell_VV0  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  week_NN  the_AT1  means_NNS  he_PPHO1  proposes_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  Britain_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  red_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  on_IO  this_DD1    little_JJ  budget_NN  day_NN    he_PPHO1  will_VM  recommend_VV0    such_DA  action_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  necessary_JJ  ,_,  however_CS unpopular_JJ  or_CC  unexpected_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  afraid_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  to_TO  bear_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  burdens_NNS  or_CC  accept_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  disciplines_NNS  designed_VBN  to_TO  secure_VV0  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  survival_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  position_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  up-to-date_JJ  ,_,  progressive_JJ  ,_,  dynamic_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  today_NN1  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  will_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  Chequers_NP  to_TO  join_VV0  a_AT1  cabinet_NN  house-party_NN  where_CS his_APP$  new_JJ  measures_NNS  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  financial_JJ  crisis_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  agenda_NN  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  other_DA  points_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  speech_NN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  delivered_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  conservative_JJ  fete_NN  at_IO  Hawarden_NP  ,_,  Flintshire_NP  .  
    the_AT1  trade_NN  balance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  better_JJ  figures_NNS  announced_VBN  yesterday_NN1  is_VBZ  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
    in_IO  a_AT1  tough_JJ  competitive_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  as_IO  a_AT1  nation_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  doing_VBG  well_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  new_JJ  discovery_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  warned_VBN  the_AT1  country_NN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  of_IO  this_DD1  since_CS  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  task_NN  .  
    the_AT1  time_NN  is_VBZ  long_RR  past_RP  when_CS as_IO  individuals_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  nation_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  beyond_IO  our_APP$  means_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  ,_,  as_IO  individuals_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  real_JJ  income_NN  more_DA  than_CS  we_PPIS2  contribute_VV0  in_IO  production_NN  or_CC  services_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  achieve_VV0  stability_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  speed_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  economic_JJ  growth_NN  ,_,  until_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  made_VBN  an_AT1  improvement_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  export_NN  performance_NN  far_RR  beyond_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  yet_RR  achieved_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  hope_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  without_IO  a_AT1  tougher_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  competitive_JJ  spirit_NN  in_IO  industry_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  critical_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  costs_NNS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  their_APP$  origin_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  relentless_JJ  rooting-out_NN  of_IO  all_DB  inefficiency_NN  ,_,  restrictiveness_NN  and_CC  waste_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  of_IO  capital_NN  resources_NNS  or_CC  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  the_AT1  restrictive_JJ  practices_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  of_IO  management_NN  or_CC  labour_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS are_VBR  far_RR  too_RG  readily_RR  accepted_VBN  now_RL  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  the_AT1  easy_JJ  complacency_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  increases_NNS  in_IO  costs_NNS  derived_VBN  from_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  similar_JJ  inefficiencies_NNS  are_VBR  added_VBN  to_IO  prices_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  confidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  customer_NN  will_VM  pay_VV0  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  working_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  harder_RRR  before_CS  we_PPIS2  really_RR  earn_VV0  the_AT1  incomes_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  paid_VBN  .  
    harder_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  above_IO  all_DB  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  more_DA  drive_NN  and_CC  better_JJ  direction_NN  ,_,  more_DA  efficiency_NN  and_CC  economy_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  effort_NN  .  **"_**'  
  overdrawn_VBN  .  
    and_CC  an_AT1  inner_JB  conviction_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  things_NNS  really_RR  matter_VV0    and_CC  indeed_RR  are_VBR  essential_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  slip_VV0  back_RP  into_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  second-rate_JJ  economy_NN  with_IO  declining_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  living_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  reward_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  achievement_NN  by_IO  increased_JJ  money_NN  incomes_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  dividends_NNS  ,_,  profits_NNS  or_CC  wages_NNS  .  **"_**'  super_JJ  racing_NN  .  
  Pic_NP  sponsors_VBZ  world_NN  speedway_NN  surprise_NN  .  
  by_IO  Don_NP  Clarke_NP  .  
  got_VBN  your_APP$  ticket_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  pictorial_NN  sponsored_JJ  world_NN  championship_NN  speedway_NN  British_JJ  final_NN  (_(  start_NN  7.15_MC  \0p.m_RR  )_)  at_IO  Wembley_NP  Stadium_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  waste_VV0  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  meeting_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  being_VBG  televised_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  admission_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  tickets_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1    night_NN  of_IO  nights_NNS    are_VBR  going_VBG  fast_RR  .  
  speedway_NN  history_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  at_IO  Wembley_NP  .  
  sixteen_MC  top_JB  British_JJ  stars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  possibly_RR  two_MC  continental_JJ  aces_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  battle_VV0  for_IO  Pic-sponsored_JB  championships_NNS  .  
  never_RR  before_II  have_VH0  fans_NNS  been_VBN  promised_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  feast_NN  of_IO  speed_NN  with_IO  reigning_JJ  world_NN  champion_NN  Ove_NP  Fundin_NP  sparking_VBG  the_AT1  flame_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  set_VV0  the_AT1  meeting_VBG  alight_JJ  .  
  Fundin_NP  holds_VBZ  the_AT1  Pic's_PPIO2  British_JJ  match_NN  race_NN  and_CC    golden_JJ  helmet_NN    title_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  defending_VBG  his_APP$  crown_NN  against_IO  Southampton's_PPIO2  Bjorn_NP  Knutsson_NP  .  
  at_IO  Southampton_NP  Fundin_NP  was_VBDZ  beaten_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  straight_JJ  runs_NNS  and_CC  suffered_VVD  the_AT1  indignity_NN  of_IO  crashing_VBG  and_CC  wrecking_VBG  his_APP$  machine_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  effort_NN  to_TO  conquer_VV0  Knutsson_NP  .  
  temper_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  needle_NN  element_NN  flared_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  scorcher_NN  at_IO  Norwich_NP  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  leg_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  at_IO  Norwich_NP  next_DA  Friday_NN1    and_CC  Fundin_NP  should_VM  even_VV0  the_AT1  score_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  happens_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  leg_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  decided_VBN  at_IO  Wembley_NP  next_DA  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  sixteen_MC  riders_NNS  stake_VV0  claims_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  title_NN  and_CC  *+720_NNU  Pic_NP  prize_NN  money_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  presented_VBN  by_IO  stage_NN  and_CC  screen_NN  comedian_NN  Terry-Thomas_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  four_MC  former_DA  world_NN  champions_NNS  ,_,  Ronnie_NP  Moore_NP  ,_,  Jack_NP  Young_NP  ,_,  Barry_NP  Briggs_NP  and_CC  Peter_NP  Craven_NP  .  
  for_IO  Wimbledon's_PPIO2  Ronnie_NP  Moore_NP  ,_,  twice_RR  champion_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  his_APP$  last_DA  season_NN  after_IO  ten_MC  world_NN  finals_NNS  .  
  Jack_NP  Young_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  doubtful_JJ  starter_NN  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  Plymouth's_PPIO2  Jack_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  introduced_VBN  to_IO  speedway_NN  by_IO  Jack_NP  Young_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  provincial_JJ  league_NN  rider_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  star-studded_JJ  line-up_NN  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  he_PPHO1  won_VVD  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  sum_NN  of_IO  money_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  pools_NNS  and_CC  wisely_RR  invested_VVD  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  winnings_NNS  in_IO  buying_VBG  good_JJ  equipment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  rides_VBZ  in_IO  such_DA  exalted_JJ  company_NN  will_VM  not_XX  deter_VV0  Scott_NP  .  
  Mike_NP  means_VBZ  business_NN  .  
  nine_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  Mike_NP  Broadbanks_NP  (_(  Swindon_NP  )_)  was_VBDZ  advised_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  doctors_NNS  to_TO  quit_VV0  speedway_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1    red_JJ  devil_NN    possesses_VBZ  a_AT1  stubborn_JJ  streak_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  them_PPHO1  all_DB  wrong_JJ  by_IO  battling_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Wembley_NP  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pen_NN  picture_NN  of_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  aces_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  ten_MC  competitors_NNS  can_VM  well_RR  upset_VV0  the_AT1  applecart_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  favourites_NNS  .  
  Ron_NP  How_NP  ,_,  Bob_NP  Andrews_NP  ,_,  Cyril_NP  Maidment_NP  (_(  Wimbledon_NP  )_)  ;_;  Peter_NP  Moore_NP  ,_,  Ray_NP  Cresp_NP  (_(  Ipswich_NP  )_)  ;_;  Ken_NP  McKinlay_NP  (_(  Leicester_NP  )_)  ;_;  \0Doug_NP  Davies_NP  (_(  New_NP  Cross_NP  )_)  ;_;  Neil_NP  Street_NP  (_(  Swindon_NP  )_)  ;_;  Ronnie_NP  Genz_NP  (_(  Oxford_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Nigel_NP  Boocock_NP  (_(  Coventry_NP  )_)  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  ignoring_VBG  reputations_NNS  .  
  looks_VBZ  like_IO  being_VBG  quite_DA  a_AT1  dust_NN  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  book_VV0  your_APP$  tickets_NNS  now_RL  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  your_APP$  local_JJ  tracks_NNS  until_IO  Tuesday_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  direct_RR  from_IO  speedway_NN  box_NN  office_NN  ,_,  Wembley_NP  Stadium_NNL1  ,_,  Wembley_NP  ,_,  Middlesex_NP  .  
  prices_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  covered_JJ  seats_NNS  :_:  21_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  12_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  uncovered_JJ  :_:  8_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  6_MC  \0s_NNU  standing_NN  :_:  3_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  plucky_JJ  Gelson_NP  .  
  Brentford_NP  1_MC1  .  Reading_NP  2_MC  .  
  goal-happy_JJ  Reading_NP  turned_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  powerhouse_NN  performance_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  brought_VBN  them_PPHO1  twelve_MC  goals_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  opening_JJ  three_MC  games_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  handed_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  vital_JJ  soccer_NN  lesson_NN  to_IO  unfortunate_JJ  Brentford_NP    how_CS to_TO  snap_VV0  up_RP  chances_NNS  !_!  
  Brentford_NP  played_VVD  some_DD  promising_JJ  stuff_NN  in_IO  midfield_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  advantage_NN  .  
  Reading_NP  were_VBDR  matched_VBN  in_IO  approach_NN  work_NN  ;_;  never_RR  in_IO  finishing_NN  power_NN  .  
  Peter_NP  Gelson_NP  ,_,  their_APP$  burly_JJ  young_JJ  centre_JB  half_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Brentford's_PPIO2  defensive_JJ  star_NN  in_IO  pluckily_RR  holding_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  determined_JJ  Reading_NP  raids_NNS  for_IO  long_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  Webb_NP  scored_VVD  Reading's_PPIO2  second-half_NN  winner_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Vallard_NP  penalty_NN  being_VBG  their_APP$  other_DA  .  
  an_AT1  own_DA  goal_NN  from_IO  Splers_NP  was_VBDZ  Brentford's_PPIO2  only_DA  consolation_NN  .  
  Sillett_NP  off_RP  .  
  \0A_NP  Villa_NP  3_MC  .  Chelsea_NP  1_MC1  .  
  tragedy_NN  hit_VVD  this_DD1  match_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sixty-fifth_MD  minute_NN  when_CS Chelsea_NP  skipper_NN  and_CC  left_JJ  back_NN  Peter_NP  Sillett_NP  broke_VVD  a_AT1  leg_NN  ,_,  writes_VBZ  Archie_NP  Quick_NP  .  
  Chelsea_NP  ,_,  inspired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trickery_NN  of_IO  little_JJ  David_NP  Cliss_NP  ,_,  played_VVD  delightful_JJ  attacking_JJ  football_NN  till_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  flattered_VVD  to_TO  deceive_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  standard_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  Sillett_NP  accident_NN  .  
  Chelsea_NP  moved_VVD  well_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  Villa's_PPIO2  seventh-minute_JB  lead_NN  .  
  Bobby_NP  Thompson_NP  headed_VVD  through_RP  following_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  Chelsea_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  equalised_VVD  after_IO  twenty-four_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  Cliss_NP  cleverly_RR  flicked_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  to_IO  Ron_NP  Tindall_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS pushed_VVD  it_PPH1  through_RP  for_IO  Bobby_NP  Tambling_NP  to_TO  score_VV0  .  
  Dougan's_PPIO2  persistency_NN  enabled_VVD  young_JJ  Harry_NP  Burrows_NP  to_TO  put_VV0  Villa_NP  ahead_RR  seconds_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  bustled_VVD  to_IO  good_JJ  purpose_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  goalmouth_NN  when_CS the_AT1  other_DA  winger_NN  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  MaCewan_NP  ,_,  got_VVD  \0no_NN  3_MC  from_IO  long_JJ  distance_NN  .  
  Dyson_NP  grab_NN  .  
  Spurs_NP2  4_MC  ,_,  Arsenal_NP  3_MC  :_:  by_IO  Sam_NP  Leitch_NP  .  
  cheeky_JJ  ,_,  cocky_JJ  left_JJ  winger_NN  Terry_NP  Dyson_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  hell-of-a-hat-trick_NN  squeezed_VVD  both_DB2  points_NNS  Spurs'_NPS$  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  oh_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  vile_JJ  luck_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Gunners_NNSB2  !_!  
  eighteen_MC  minutes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  Spurs_NP2  were_VBDR  trailing_VBG  2-3_MC-MC  after_IO  having_VHG  led_VBN  2-0_MC-MC  inside_JB  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  after_IO  an_AT1  Alan_NP  Skirton_NP  goal_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  Arsenal_NP  transformation_NN  was_VBDZ  worked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  magic_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  Mel_NP  Charles_NP  .  
  twice_RR  he_PPHO1  outjumped_VVD  the_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  commanding_JJ  Tottenham_NP  defenders_NNS  .  
  twice_RR  he_PPHO1  scored_VVD    in_IO  the_AT1  67th_MD  and_CC  72nd_MD  minutes_NNS  .  
  two_MC  glorious_JJ  goals_NNS    again_RR  Mel_NP  looked_VVD  every_AT1  inch_NN  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  his_APP$  big_JJ  brother_NN  John_NP  in_IO  getting_VBG  them_PPHO1    and_CC  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  Arsenal_NP  in_IO  command_NN  .  
  then_RL  enter_VV0  whirlwind_NN  Dyson_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  notched_VBN  one_MC1  superbly-headed_JB  goal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  .  
  but_CCB  never_RR  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  punch_NN  and_CC  pace_NN  needed_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  as_CS  now_RL  by_IO  his_APP$  gasping_JJ  ,_,  back-pedalling_JJ  team-mates_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  left_VBN  .  
  Arsenal_NP  strutted_VVD  .  
  Arsenal_NP  looked_VVD  mighty_RG  good_JJ  .  .  
  but_CCB  tiny_JJ  Terry_NP  wagged_VVD  his_APP$  foot_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Cliff_NP  Jones_NP  corner_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ball_NN  was_VBDZ  scrambled_VBN  home_NN1  for_IO  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  Spurs_NP2  equaliser_NN  .  
  Arsenal_NP  descended_VVD  on_IO  referee_NN  Reg_NP  Leafe_NP  in_IO  an_AT1  angry_JJ  swarm_NN  .  
  Dyson_NP  had_VHD  handled_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  .  
  Leafe_NP  decisively_RR  let_VVD  the_AT1  goal_NN  stand_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Gunners_NNSB2  and_CC  their_APP$  fans_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  fuming_VBG  when_CS Dyson_NP  lammed_VVD  in_RP  Spurs'_NPS$  match-winner_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  Arsenal_NP  side_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  not_XX  meet_VV0  Dyson's_PPIO2  devilish_JJ  opportunism_NN  every_AT1  week_NN  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  so_RG  much_DA  bad_JJ  luck_NN  .  
  their_APP$  first-half_NN  inferiority_NN  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  inability_NN  of_IO  Mel_NP  Charles_NP  to_TO  get_VV0  by_RP  centre_JB  half_NN  Maurice_NP  Norman_NP  .  
  Mel_NP  wandered_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  boy_NN  lost_VBN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  Les_NP  Allen_NP  header_NN  put_VVD  Spurs_NP2  one_MC1  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Dyson_NP  got_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  .  
  Arsenal_NP  keeper_NN  McLelland_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  field_NN  three_MC  minutes_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  after_IO  colliding_VBG  with_IO  Allen_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  slight_JJ  concussion_NN  .  
  Leslie_NP  in_IO  spin_NN  trap_NN  .  
  Wolves_NP2  3_MC  ,_,  West_NP  Ham_NP  2_MC  :_:  by_IO  Stan_NP  Halsey_NP  .  
  West_NP  Ham_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  eighteen_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  Musgrove_NP  side-stepped_VVD  a_AT1  defender_NN  and_CC  scored_VVD  a_AT1  masterly_JJ  goal_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  twenty-yard_JB  rising_JJ  drive_NN  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  Murray_NP  equalised_VVD  in_IO  thirty-three_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  West_NP  Ham_NP  were_VBDR  still_RR  going_VBG  steadily_RR  .  
  then_RL  disaster_NN  struck_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  fifty-fifth_MD  minute_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  Hinton_NP  ,_,  Wolves'_NPS$  left_JJ  winger_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  playing_VBG  his_APP$  first_MD  league_NN  game_NN  ,_,  harassed_VVD  Kirkup_NP  into_IO  conceding_VBG  a_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  Deeley_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  opposite_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  a_AT1  hopeful_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  hook_NN  shot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ball_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  away_RP  and_CC  West_NP  Ham's_PPIO2  goalkeeper_NN  ,_,  Laurie_NP  Leslie_NP  ,_,  thought_VVD  danger_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  averted_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  ball_NN  developed_VVD  such_DA  a_AT1  crazy_JJ  spin_NN  that_CS  Leslie_NP  could_VM  not_XX  cope_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  that_DD1  goal_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  tonic_NN  Wolves_NP2  needed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  sixty-third_MD  minute_NN  Murray_NP  ,_,  capping_VBG  a_AT1  slick_JJ  combined_JJ  move_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  the_AT1  score_NN  3-1_MC-MC  .  
  three_MC  minutes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  a_AT1  typical_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  Woosnam_NP  soccer_NN  technique_NN  laid_VVD  on_RP  a_AT1  ball_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  Sealey_NP  scored_VVD  West_NP  Ham's_PPIO2  second_MD  goal_NN  .  
  Grimsby_NP  .  3_MC  Southend_NP  .  1_MC1  .  
  within_IO  thirty_MC  seconds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  Grimsby_NP  'keeper_NN  Malcolm_NP  White_NP  had_VHD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  warmed_VBN  by_IO  shots_NNS  from_IO  Southend_NP  leader_NN  Norman_NP  Bleanch_NP  and_CC  right_JJ  winger_NN  Tony_NP  Bentley_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  little_DA  respite_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  visiting_JJ  sharpshooters_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  despite_IO  their_APP$  superiority_NN  Southend's_PPIO2  ninth_MD  minute_NN  goal_NN  had_VHD  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  rub_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  fortune_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  blind_JJ  drive_NN  by_IO  Bleanch_NP  went_VVD  off_IO  a_AT1  defender_NN  to_IO  outside_JB  left_NN  Bob_NP  Kellard_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS easily_RR  beat_VVD  White_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  close_JJ  range_NN  shot_NN  .  
  Ron_NP  Rafferty_NP  headed_VVD  Grimsby's_PPIO2  sixtieth_MD  minute_NN  and_CC  Mike_NP  Cullen_NP  grabbed_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  by_IO  finishing_VBG  off_RP  another_DD1  Rafferty_NP  header_NN  .  
  and_CC  only_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  left_JJ  winger_NN  Cliff_NP  Jones_NP  cut_VVD  in_RP  to_TO  net_VV0  just_RR  inside_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  post_NN  .  
  cool_JJ  Neill_NP  is_VBZ  twice_RR  given_VBN  slip_NN  .  
  Bolton_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Arsenal_NP  1_MC1  :_:  by_IO  Jim_NP  Beecroft_NP  .  
  burly_JJ  Billy_NP  McAdams_NP  ,_,  Bolton_NP  centre_JB  forward_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Terry_NP  Neill_NP  ,_,  lanky_JJ  centre_JB  half_NN  of_IO  Arsenal_NP  ,_,  set_VVD  a_AT1  poser_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  selectors_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  whom_WPO  watched_VVD  this_DD1  game_NN  at_IO  Burnden_NP  .  
  for_IO  large_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  match_NN  young_JJ  Neill_NP  ,_,  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  international_JJ  prospect_NN  ,_,  snuffed_VVD  the_AT1  experienced_JJ  McAdams_NP  completely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  .  
  often_RR  Neill's_PPIO2  cool_JJ  and_CC  resourceful_JJ  covering_NN  made_VVD  Arsenal's_PPIO2  suspect_JJ  defence_NN  seem_VV0  better_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  really_RR  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  left_VVD  McAdams_NP  looking_VBG  far_RR  from_IO  a_AT1  top-line_JB  leader_NN  .  
  brilliant_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  twice_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  tough_JJ  and_CC  persistent_JJ  McAdams_NP  evaded_VVD  the_AT1  Neill_NP  obstacle_NN  with_IO  two_MC  brilliant_JJ  pieces_NNS  of_IO  opportunism_NN  and_CC  chalked_VVD  up_RP  two_MC  goals_NNS  which_DDQ  deservedly_RR  gave_VVD  Bolton_NP  their_APP$  second_MD  victory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  .  
  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  came_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  thirty-sixth_MD  minute_NN  when_CS McAdams_NP  swiftly_RR  snapped_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  chance_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  penalty_NN  area_NN  ,_,  swivelled_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  flash_NN  and_CC  fired_VVD  smartly_RR  past_IO  the_AT1  bewildered_JJ  McLelland_NP  .  
  this_DD1  goal_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  wiped_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  similar_JJ  effort_NN  by_IO  Arsenal_NP  centre_JB  forward_NN  Mel_NP  Charles_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  McAdams_NP  had_VHD  done_VBN  right_RR  until_IO  then_RL  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  little_DA  else_RR  until_CS  he_PPHO1  scored_VVD  another_DD1  fine_JJ  goal_NN  in_IO  seventy-five_MC  minutes_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  beat_VVD  two_MC  men_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  yard_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  and_CC  whizzed_VVD  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  20-yard_JB  shot_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  .  
  though_CS  the_AT1  Arsenal_NP  goal_NN  had_VHD  had_VHN  several_DA  narrow_JJ  escapes_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS shots_NNS  from_IO  Holden_NP  and_CC  Pilkington_NP  hit_VVD  the_AT1  bar_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  McAdams_NP  goal_NN  that_CS  Bolton_NP  assumed_VVD  full_JJ  command_NN  .  
  but_CCB  neither_LE  team_NN  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  any_DD  chance_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  championship_NN  contenders_NNS  .  
  brilliant_JJ  Briggs_NP  is_VBZ  top_JB  man_NN  .  
  New_NP  Zealand_NP  and_CC  Southampton_NP  speedway_NN  ace_NN  Barry_NP  Briggs_NP  won_VVD  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  pictorial-sponsored_JB  British_JJ  final_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  championship_NN  at_IO  Wembley_NP  Stadium_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  after_IO  twenty_MC  pulsating_JJ  heats_NNS  Briggs_NP  ,_,  winner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  title_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  and_CC  1958_MC  ,_,  showed_VVD  his_APP$  world_NN  class_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  notched_VVD  fifteen_MC  immaculate_JJ  points_NNS  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  Pic's_PPIO2  first_MD  prize_NN  of_IO  *+300_NNU  ,_,  presented_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  comedian_NN  Terry-Thomas_NP  .  
  pint-sized_JJ  Peter_NP  Craven_NP  (_(  Belle_NP  Vue_NP  and_CC  England_NP  )_)  took_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  prize_NN  of_IO  *+150_NNU  ,_,  while_CS  Wimbledon_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP  star_NN  Ronnie_NP  Moore_NP  gained_VVD  third_MD  place_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  prize_NN  of_IO  *+80_NNU  .  
  my_APP$  heroes_NNS  .  
  without_IO  detracting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  superb_JJ  performance_NN  of_IO  Briggs_NP  ,_,  Craven_NP  and_CC  Moore_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  heroes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  were_VBDR  two_MC  Englishmen_NP2    Swindon's_PPIO2  Mike_NP  Broadbanks_NP  and_CC  Wimbledon's_PPIO2  Cyril_NP  Maidment_NP  .  
  both_DB2  these_DD2  boys_NNS  set_VVD  the_AT1  50,000_MC  crowd_NN  alight_JJ  in_IO  heat_NN  4_MC  when_CS Maidment_NP  ,_,  last_DA  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  starting_NN  gate_NN  ,_,  showed_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  big_JJ  night_NN  nerves_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  Wembley_NP  final_NN  .  
  for_IO  four_MC  laps_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Broadbanks_NP  put_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  tussle_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Broadbanks_NP  just_RR  clinching_VBG  victory_NN  .  
  Maidment_NP  continued_VVD  his_APP$  rip-roaring_JJ  ,_,  full-throttle_JB  riding_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  next_DA  four_MC  rides_NNS  .  
  although_CS  outclassed_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  outing_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  notched_VVD  seven_MC  points_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  to_TO  stake_VV0  a_AT1  claim_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  final_NN  at_IO  Malmo_NP  on_IO  September_NN1  15_MC  .  
  tragedy_NN  .  
  tragedy_NN  struck_VVD  Broadbanks_NP  after_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  ride_NN  .  
  an_AT1  attack_NN  of_IO  asthma_NN  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  gasping_VBG  for_IO  air_NN  and_CC  how_CS he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  machine_NN  for_IO  four_MC  more_DA  rides_NNS  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  score_VV0  four_MC  more_DA  points_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  place_NN  at_IO  Malmo_NP  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  beside_IO  riding_VBG  for_IO  *+720_NNU  Pic_NP  prize_NN  money_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sixteen_MC  riders_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  battling_VBG  for_IO  nine_MC  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  final_NN  at_IO  Malmo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  results_NNS  proved_VVD  that_CS  class_NN  tells_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  six_MC  riders_NNS  who_PNQS go_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Malmo_NP  final_NN  are_VBR  from_IO  :_:  Ron_NP  How_NP  ,_,  Bob_NP  Andrews_NP  (_(  Wimbledon_NP  )_)  ,_,  Ken_NP  McKinlay_NP  (_(  Leicester_NP  )_)  ,_,  9_MC  \0pts_NNU2  ;_;  Ray_NP  Cresp_NP  (_(  Ipswich_NP  )_)  ,_,  8_MC  \0pts_NNU2  ,_,  Jack_NP  Young_NP  (_(  Coventry_NP  )_)  ,_,  Ronnie_NP  Genz_NP  (_(  Oxford_NP  )_)  ,_,  Cyril_NP  Maidment_NP  (_(  Wimbledon_NP  )_)  and_CC  Mike_NP  Broadbanks_NP  (_(  Swindon_NP  )_)  ,_,  7_MC  \0pts_NNU2  .  
  Young_NP  ,_,  Genz_NP  ,_,  Maidment_NP  and_CC  Broadbanks_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  run_VV0  to_TO  decide_VV0  who_PNQS  will_VM  be_VB0  odd_JJ  man_NN  out_RP  at_IO  Malmo_NP  on_IO  September_NN1  15_MC  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  clash_VV0  with_IO  seven_MC  continentals_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  crown_NN  .  
  the_AT1  seven_MC  continentals_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  reigning_JJ  world_NN  champion_NN  Ove_NP  Fundin_NP  (_(  Sweden_NP  )_)  ,_,  Bjorn_NP  Knutsson_NP  (_(  Sweden_NP  )_)  ,_,  Igor_NP  Piechanov_NP  (_(  Russia_NP  )_)  ,_,  Rune_NP  Sormander_NP  (_(  Sweden_NP  )_)  ,_,  Florian_NP  Kapala_NP  (_(  Poland_NP  )_)  ,_,  Stanislaw_NP  Txocz_NP  (_(  Czechoslovakia_NP  )_)  and_CC  Gote_NP  Nordin_NP  (_(  Sweden_NP  )_)  .  
  big_JJ  search_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  by_IO  Stan_NP  Halsey_NP  .  
  cheque_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  !_!  
  excuse_VV0  the_AT1  play_NN  on_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  could_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  where_CS Spurs_NP2  and_CC  Chelsea_NP  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  .  
  Bill_NP  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  Spurs_NP2  boss_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  money_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  to_TO  maintain_VV0  Tottenham's_PPIO2  double_JJ  top_JB  league_NN  and_CC  cup_NN  glamour_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  another_DD1  quiet_JJ  trip_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  Third_NP  Lanark_NP  outside_JB  right_NN  ,_,  David_NP  Hilley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS would_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  a_AT1  tilt_NN  at_IO  Sassenach_NP  fame_NN  and_CC  fortune_NN  .  only_RR  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  gives_VBZ  full_JJ  value_NN  in_IO  Cesarewitch_NP  .  
  by_IO  Tom_NP  Forrest_NP  .  
  horse-racing's_NN1$  happiest_JJT  invalid_NN  today_NN1  is_VBZ  jockey_NN  Bobby_NP  Elliot_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  a_AT1  collarbone_NN  only_RR  last_DA  Thursday_NN1  ,_,  yet_CF  his_APP$  specialist_NN  declares_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  fit_JJ  for_IO  riding_NN  gallops_NNS  .  and_CC  then_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  plum_NN  job_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN    pushing_VBG  home_NN1  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Cesarewitch_NP  at_IO  Newmarket_NP  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  .  
  young_JJ  bones_NNS  mend_VV0  quickly_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  big-race_JB  favourite_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  jockey_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  wing_NN  trailing_VBG  ,_,  so_CS  Elliot_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pass_VV0  a_AT1  pretty_RR  stiff_JJ  midweek_NN  try-out_NN    or_CC  trainer_NN  Dick_NP  Hern_NP  must_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  substitute_NN  .  
  top-class_JB  riders_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  available_JJ  .  like_IO  Ron_NP  Hutchinson_NP  or_CC  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  pound_NN  or_CC  two_MC  overweight_NN  ,_,  Scobie_NP  Breasley_NP  or_CC  Eph_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  likely_JJ  choice_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  rode_VVD  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  gallop_NN  yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  .  without_IO  the_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  short-changed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  four-year-old's_NN1$  chance_NN  is_VBZ  outstanding_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  speed_NN  .  any_DD  horse_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  play_VV0  so_RG  powerful_JJ  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  shorter_JJ  races_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  1_MC1  1/4-mile_JB  Vaux_NP  gold_NN  tankard_NN  and_CC  Ebor_NP  handicap_NN  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  found_VBN  short_JJ  of_IO  sheer_JB  pace_NN  with_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  mile_NN  further_RRR  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  stamina_NN  .  the_AT1  big_JJ  win_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  for_IO  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Epsom's_PPIO2  Roseberry_NP  handicap_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  2_MC  1/4-mile_JB  length_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  Cesarewitch_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  courage_NN  .  no_AT1  horse_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  without_IO  a_AT1  stout_JJ  heart_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  ordeal_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  long_JJ  ,_,  lung-bursting_JB  Cesarewitch_NP  straight_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride's_PPIO2  whole_JJ  career_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  often_RR  outpointed_VBN  but_CCB  never_RR  outbattled_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  weight_NN  .  
  at_IO  7_MC  \0st_NNU  11_MC  \0lb_NNU  ,_,  3_MC  \0lb_NNU  below_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  handicapper_NN  has_VHZ  certainly_RR  taken_VBN  an_AT1  indulgent_JJ  line_NN  .  
  direct_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  season's_NN1$  form_NN  ,_,  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  most_RG  heavily_RR  backed_JJ  rivals_NNS    Angazi_NP  (_(  12-1_MC-MC  )_)  and_CC  Trelawny_NP  (_(  14-1_MC-MC  )_)    must_VM  produce_VV0  quite_RR  unexpected_JJ  reserves_NNS  to_TO  beat_VV0  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  and_CC  through_IO  these_DD2  horses_NNS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  can_VM  be_VB0  declared_VBN  safely_RR  held_VBN  .  
  technique_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  tactics_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  jockey_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Cesarewitch_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  hard-run_JB  struggle_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .  that_DD1  will_VM  suit_VV0  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  rider_NN  must_VM  use_VV0  a_AT1  hustling_JJ  ,_,  strong-arm_JB  style_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  colt_NN  might_VM  well_RR  idle_VV0  his_APP$  chance_NN  away_RP  .  
  authority_NN  .  
  El_NP  Surpriso_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  they_PPHS2  all_DB  have_VH0  to_TO  beat_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  mistaking_VBG  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  win_NN  at_IO  Nottingham_NP  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  7_MC  \0st_NNU  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  energetic_JJ  Ray_NP  Reader_NP  riding_VBG  ,_,  this_DD1  filly_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  weak_JJ  link_NN  to_TO  wreck_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  handicap_NN  .  
  almost_RR  as_RG  lightly_RR  burdened_VBN  at_IO  7_MC  \0st_NNU  2_MC  \0lb_NNU  ,_,  is_VBZ  Alcoa_NP  .  
  though_CS  less_RG  obviously_RR    thrown_VBN  in_RP    at_IO  the_AT1  weights_NNS  ,_,  Alcoa_NP  is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  rugged_JJ  ,_,  unrelenting_JJ  stayer_NN  that_CS  Mick_NP  Greening_NP  is_VBZ  sure_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  driving_VBG  her_PPHO1  down_IO  the_AT1  straight_NN  with_IO  glowing_JJ  visions_NNS  of_IO  galloping_VBG  them_PPHO1  all_DB  into_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  horses_NNS    the_AT1  top_JB  half_DB  dozen_MC  ,_,  with_IO  weights_NNS  of_IO  8_MC  \0st_NNU  9_MC  \0lb_NNU  or_CC  more_DA    Lester_NP  Piggott's_PPIO2  mount_NN  ,_,  Sunny_NP  Way_NP  (_(  20-1_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  seriously_RR  fear_VV0  .  
  Morecambe_NP  is_VBZ  left_VBN  out_RP  because_CS  no_AT1  eight-year-old_NN  has_VHZ  ever_RR  won_VBN  the_AT1  race_NN  ;_;  Farrney_NP  Fox_NP  because_CS  his_APP$  recent_JJ  form_NN  is_VBZ  sadly_RR  degenerate_JJ  ;_;  New_NP  Brig_NP  because_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  raced_VBN  since_IO  May_NN1  ;_;  Agreement_NP  because_CS  he_PPHO1  no_RR  longer_RRR  has_VHZ  the_AT1  force_NN  that_PNQS once_RR  won_VVD  him_PPHO1  two_MC  Doncaster_NP  cups_NNS  ;_;  Trelawny_NP  because_CS  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  almost_RR  2_MC  1/4_MC  miles_NNS  before_CS  he_PPHO1  starts_VBZ  to_TO  warm_VV0  up_RP  .  
  neither_LE  1959_MC  winner_NN  Come_NP  to_IO  Daddy_NNSB1  nor_CC  his_APP$  stablemate_NN  and_CC  brother_NN  Usurper_NP  has_VHZ  lived_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  high_JJ  hopes_NNS  this_DD1  season_NN  .  
  while_CS  Honest_NP  Boy_NP  Aristarchus_NP  ,_,  Cold_NP  Comfort_NP  ,_,  Tarquinian_NP  and_CC  Narratus_NP  are_VBR  run-of-the-mill_JB  stayers_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  run_VV0  well_RR  .  but_CCB  hardly_RR  well_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  suspect_JJ  .  
  Persian_NP  Lancer's_PPIO2  stamina_NN  is_VBZ  suspect_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  horse_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  odds_NNS  of_IO  12-1_MC-MC    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  he_PPHO1  will_VM  last_VV0  out_RP  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  going_NN  .  
  and_CC  Utrillo_NP  (_(  25-1_MC-MC  )_)  will_VM  not_XX  race_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  on_IO  soft_JJ  ground_NN    he_PPHO1  sulks_VBZ  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  hear_VV0  his_APP$  feet_NNS  rattle_VV0  .  
  hock-deep_JJ  mud_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  ideal_JJ  though_RR  for_IO  Annotation_NP  (_(  20-1_MC-MC  )_)  and_CC  Python_NP  (_(  20-1_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  both_DB2  powerful_JJ  but_CCB  one-paced_JJ  plodders_NNS  .  
  and_CC  game_JJ  little_JJ  Angazi_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  proven_JJ  mudlark_NN  .  
  in_IO  Python's_PPIO2  stablemate_NN  ,_,  Night_NP  Porter_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  crankiest_JJT  character_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB    but_CCB  a_AT1  real_RG  live_JJ  one_MC1  at_IO  40-1_MC-MC  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  care_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  chance_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  missing_VBG  any_DD  mud_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  flying_VBG  from_IO  his_APP$  rivals'_NN2  heels_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  refuse_VV0  to_TO  race_VV0  if_CS  any_DD  hits_VBZ  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  seems_VBZ  at_IO  all_DB  likely_JJ  to_TO  win_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  rate_VV0  Night_NP  Porter_NP  and_CC  Sunny_NP  Way_NP  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  shots_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  final_JJ  placings_NNS  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  for_IO  are_VBR  Avon's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  El_NP  Surpriso_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Alcoa_NP  3_MC  .  
  Just_NP  Great_NP  our_APP$    Arc_NP    best_JJT  .  
  a_AT1  brave_JJ  turnout_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  horses_NNS    Just_NP  Great_NP  ,_,  High_NP  Hat_NP  and_CC  Tenacity_NP    take_VV0  the_AT1  field_NN  at_IO  Longchamp_NP  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  to_TO  challenge_VV0  the_AT1  swashbuckling_JJ  European_JJ  champion_NN  ,_,  Right_NP  Royal_NP  5_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  *+50,000_NNU  Prix_&FW  de_&FW  l'Arc_&FW  de_&FW  Triomphe_&FW  .  
  ours_PP$  is_VBZ  a_AT1  team_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  captain_NN  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  stay-at-home_JB  ace_NN  \0St_NP  Paddy_NP  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  second-division_JB  fade-out_NN  at_IO  Newmarket_NP  on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  prestige_NN  need_VM  not_XX  suffer_VV0  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  nobody_PN1  would_VM  call_VV0  the_AT1  three_MC  raiders_NNS  a_AT1  force_NN  to_TO  flash_VV0  triumphantly_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  richest_JJT  race_NN  this_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  .  
  but_CCB  neither_RR  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  French_NP2  believe_VV0  ,_,  just_RR  so_RG  many_DA  sitting_JJ  targets_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  blasted_VBN  aside_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  hurricane_NN  rush_NN  of_IO  Right_NP  Royal_NP  .  
  Just_NP  Great_NP  is_VBZ  no_AT1  sitter_NN  .  though_CS  he_PPHO1  staged_VVD  something_PN1  like_IO  a_AT1  sit-down_JB  strike_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  starting_NN  gate_NN  to_TO  lose_VV0  his_APP$  \0St_NP  Leger_NP  chance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  the_AT1  Derby_NP  too_RR  through_IO  rough-house_NN  treatment_NN  by_IO  other_DA  horses_NNS  .  
  in_IO  four_MC  remaining_JJ  races_NNS  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  Just_NP  Great_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  fair_JJ  chance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  won_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  best_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  .  
  new_JJ  partner_NN  Lester_NP  Piggott_NP  must_VM  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  off_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  steer_VV0  clear_JJ  of_IO  trouble_NN  .  and_CC  who_PNQS  knows_VBZ  to_IO  what_DDQ  heights_NNS  Just_NP  Great_NP  may_VM  rise_VV0  .  
  formidable_JJ  .  
  High_NP  Hat_NP  is_VBZ  less_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  mystery_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  match_NN  for_IO  \0St_NP  Paddy_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  matched_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  mastered_VBN  ,_,  Petite_NP  Etoile_NP  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  formidable_JJ  qualification_NN  .  
  Duncan_NP  Keith_NP  rides_VBZ  .  
  Tenacity_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  attacked_VBN  the_AT1  top_JB  class_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  an_AT1  improver_NN  this_DD1  enormous_JJ  ,_,  late-developing_JB  filly_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  yet_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  trio_NN  more_DA  than_IO  an_AT1  each-way_JB  bet_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  patriotic_JJ  than_CS  prudent_JJ  .  
  Right_NP  Royal_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  star_NN  in_IO  opposition_NN  .  
  Match_NP  3_MC  will_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  .  cantering_JJ  winner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  \0St_NP  Leger_NP  .  
  so_PN1  will_VM  stablemate_NN  Dicta_NP  Drake_NP  ,_,  on_IO  whom_WPO  Max_NP  Garcia_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  amends_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  suicidal_JJ  tactics_NNS  which_DDQ  cost_VVD  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  Doncaster_NP  \0St_NP  Leger_NP  .  
  Italian_JJ  crack_JB  Molvedo_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  runaway_JB  success_NN  at_IO  Deauville_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  French_JJ  trip_NN  ,_,  shapes_VBZ  like_IO  another_DD1  Ribot_NP  .  
  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  should_VM    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  Ribot_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Ribot's_PPIO2  jockey_NN  ,_,  veteran_NN  Enrico_NP  Camiel_NP  rides_VBZ  him_PPHO1  too_RR  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  that_DD1  chestnut-strewn_JJ  Longchamp_NP  paddock_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  dominated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  magnificence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loose-limbed_JJ  giant_JJ  Right_NP  Royal_NP  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  logic_NN  points_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  being_VBG  as_RG  dictatorial_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  pre-race_JB  parade_NN  .  
  \0T_NP  \0F_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  Lochroe_NP  all_RR  over_RP  again_RR  says_VBZ  Dick_NP  Francis_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  a_AT1  ride_NN  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  on_IO  an_AT1  echo_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  past_NN    on_IO  a_AT1  small-framed_JJ  ,_,  brown_JJ  four-year-old_NN  named_VBN  Vulgate_NP  .  
  the_AT1  echo_NN  .    from_IO  Lochroe_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  half_DB  brothers_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  mare_NN  Loch_NP  Cash_NP  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  sired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  jumping_JJ  stallions_NNS  Vulgan_NP  and_CC  King_NP  Hal_NP  .  
  Vulgate_NP  looks_VBZ  as_RG  intelligent_JJ  and_CC  handles_VBZ  as_RG  easily_RR  as_IO  Lochroe_NP    and_CC  jumps_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  style_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  moves_VBZ  less_RG  perfectly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  Lochroe_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best-moving_JB  'chaser_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  .  
  trained_VBN  by_IO  Bill_NP  Marshall_NP  at_IO  Cheltenham_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  beautifully_RR  broken-in_JB  youngster_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  at_IO  Fontwell_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  this_DD1  season_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  handicap_NN  hurdle_NN  (_(  4.15_MC  )_)  .  
  at_IO  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  wear_VV0  shoes_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  hind_JB  feet_NNS  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Marshall_NP  horses_NNS  do_VD0  .  
  this_DD1  ensures_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  hindleg_NN  strikes_VBZ  a_AT1  foreleg_NN    a_AT1  frequent_JJ  occurrence_NN    the_AT1  injury_NN  is_VBZ  restricted_VBN  to_IO  bruising_NN  .  
  no_AT1  shoes_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  for_IO  road_NN  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stable_NN  yard_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  Cleeve_NP  Hill_NNL1  overlooking_VBG  Cheltenham_NP  racecourse_NN  leads_VBZ  straight_RR  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  open_JJ  commons_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usual_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  mare_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  produced_VBN  one_MC1  winning_JJ  jumper_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  others_DA2  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  not_XX  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  standard_NN  ,_,  and_CC  generally_RR  in_IO  steeplechasers_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mare_NN  which_DDQ  predominates_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  progeny_NN  jumps_VBZ  well_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  all_DB  do_VD0  ,_,  (_(  and_CC  if_CS  one_MC1  jumps_VBZ  appallingly_RR  they_PPHS2  all_DB  do_VD0  !_!  )_)  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  sire_NN  .  
  most_RG  remarkable_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  half-brothers_NNS  are_VBR  Gay_NP  Donald_NP  and_CC  Pas_NP  Seul_NP  .  
  both_DB2  these_DD2  gold_NN  cup_NN  winners_NNS    by_IO  Gay_NP  Light_NP  and_CC  Erin's_PPIO2  Pride_NP  respectively_RR    had_VHD  Pas_NP  de_&FW  Quatre_NP  for_IO  their_APP$  dam_NN  .  
  both_DB2  ,_,  broken_VBN  and_CC  trained_VBN  by_IO  different_JJ  trainers_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  blundering_JJ  jumpers_NNS  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  seven_MC  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  age_NN  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  outgrow_VV0  their_APP$  carelessness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  getaway_NN  burst_NN  of_IO  speed_NN  took_VVD  over_RP  .  
  related_VBN  .  
  in_IO  Northumberland_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  sparkling_JJ  Kerstin's_PPIO2  full_JJ  brother_NN  and_CC  sister_NN    Vindicated_NP  (_(  now_RL  with_IO  Guy_NP  Cunard_NP  )_)  and_CC  Lady_NP  Nenagh_NP    made_VVD  their_APP$  mark_NN  for_IO  Verly_NP  Bewicke_NP  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  horses_NNS  are_VBR  related_VBN  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  another_DD1  north-country_JB  star_NN  ,_,  Rough_NP  Tweed_NP  ,_,  winner_NN  of_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  champion_NN  novice_NN  'chase_NN  last_DA  April_NN1  ,_,  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  full-brother_NN  running_VBG  over_RP  here_RL  this_DD1  season_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  four-year-old_JB  Holy_NP  Loch_NP  ,_,  trained_VBN  by_IO  Bobby_NP  Norris_NP  in_IO  Northamptonshire_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS makes_VBZ  his_APP$  racecourse_NN  debut_NN    over_IO  hurdles_NNS    early_RR  in_IO  December_NN1  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  Irish_JJ  youngster's_NN1$  progress_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  first_MD  schooling_NN  over_IO  jumps_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  last_DA  month_NN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  apt_JJ  pupil_NN  learning_VBG  fast_RR  .  
  Honeymoor_NP  out_RP  .  
  Honeymoor_NP  ,_,  ante-post_JB  favourite_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Cambridgeshire_NP  (_(  Newmarket_NP  ,_,  October_NN1  28_MC  )_)  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  scratched_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  cast_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  box_NN  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  and_CC  an_AT1  x-ray_NN  revealed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  leg_NN  injury_NN  .  
  some_DD  bookmakers_NNS  yesterday_NN1  made_VVD  Rachel_NP  and_CC  Golden_NP  Sands_NP  joint_JB  favourites_NNS  at_IO  16-1_MC-MC  .  
  rugby_NN  union_NN  specials_NNS  .  
  Phil_NP  Taylor_NP  charge_NN  sinks_VBZ  the_AT1  Scots_NP2  .  
  London_NP  Scottish_NN1  6_MC  Northampton_NP  8_MC  :_:  by_IO  John_NP  Reed_NP  .  
  one_MC1  must_VM  hand_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  skipper_NN  Phil_NP  Taylor_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  burly_JJ  Northampton_NP  men_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  shook_VVD  Richmond_NP  rigid_JJ  three_MC  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  athletic_JJ  ground_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  grip_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  ground_NN  they_PPHS2  retained_VVD  their_APP$  unbeaten_JJ  record_NN  (_(  six_MC  victories_NNS  in_IO  seven_MC  games_NNS  )_)  with_IO  a_AT1  superb_JJ  recovery_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  sinewy_JJ  Scots_NP2  had_VHD  led_VBN  6-0_MC-MC  for_IO  nearly_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  five_MC  sparkling_JJ  minutes_NNS  of_IO  fluid_JJ  ,_,  exciting_JJ  rugby_NN  did_VDD  the_AT1  trick_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  Saints_NNSB2  showed_VVD  what_DDQ  a_AT1  great_JJ  side_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  .  
  how_CS rewarding_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  winning_JJ  try_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  scored_VBN  by_IO  beefy_JJ  Taylor_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  after_IO  21_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second-half_NN  England_NP  scrum-half_NN  Dickie_NP  Jeeps_NP  booted_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  high_RR  ahead_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Scottish_JJ  full-back_NN  Gordon_NP  Macdonald_NP  knocked_VVD  on_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  an_AT1  expensive_JJ  error_NN  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  rampaging_JJ  Northampton_NP  forwards_NNS  were_VBDR  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  flash_NN  ,_,  Clive_NP  Daniels_NP  whipped_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  to_IO  Taylor_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Northampton_NP  captain_NN  burst_VVD  through_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  a_AT1  brick_NN  wall_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  dived_VVD  over_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  unconverted_JJ  try_NN  .  
  five_MC  minutes_NNS  earlier_RRR  the_AT1  London_NP  Scottish_NN1  defence_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  split_VBN  asunder_RR  .  
  right_JJ  wing_NN  Frank_NP  Sykes_NP  ,_,  dodging_VBG  and_CC  darting_VBG  past_IO  grasping_JJ  hands_NNS  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  surrounded_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  overhead_JB  ,_,  20-yard_JB  pass_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cricketer_NN  ,_,  fly-half_NN  John_NP  Shurvington_NP  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  neatly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  bounce_NN  and_CC  shot_VVD  through_RP  to_TO  score_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  posts_NNS  .  
  full-back_NN  Roger_NP  Hosen_NP  converted_VVD  .  
  great_JJ  rally_NN  .  
  Northampton_NP  had_VHD  staged_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  rally_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  looked_VBN  listless_JJ  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  tired_JJ  in_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  energetic_JJ  alert_JJ  Scots_NP2  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  a_AT1  change_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  .  
  their_APP$  massive_JJ  scrum_NN  gained_VVD  firm_JJ  control_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tight_NN  ,_,  where_CS Andy_NP  Johnson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS may_VM  well_RR  win_VV0  an_AT1  England_NP  trial_NN  this_DD1  season_NN  ,_,  outhooked_VVD  David_NP  Hayburn_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  deputising_VBG  for_IO  Scottish_JJ  international_NN  Norman_NP  Bruce_NP  (_(  injured_VBN  )_)  and_CC  won_VVD  the_AT1  ball_NN  frequently_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  .  Ernie_NP  wants_VBZ  a_AT1  showdown_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  beer_NN  bid_NN  .  
  a_AT1  petrol_NN  pump_NN  attendant_NN  who_PNQS found_VVD  himself_PPX1  mixed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  *+21,000,000_NNU  takeover_NN  bid_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1    show-down_NN    with_IO  his_APP$  managing_JJ  director_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  this_DD1  mess_NN  sorted_VBN  out_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  51-year-old_JB  Ernest_NP  Clements_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  ridiculous_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  mixed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  deal_NN  involving_VBG  millions_MC2    and_CC  I_PPIS1  earn_VV0  only_RR  *+12_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
    a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  even_RR  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  firm_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clements_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Ifield_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Fulham_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  registered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  Anglasi_NP  nominees_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  *+100_NNU  company_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  .  
  after_CS  Anglasi_NP  announced_VVD  a_AT1  *+21,000,000_NNU  takeover_NN  bid_NN  for_IO  Bent's_PPIO2  brewery_NN  ,_,  Liverpool_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  council_NN  banned_VVD  dealings_NNS  in_IO  Bent's_PPIO2  shares_NNS  .  
  stepbrothers_NNS  .  
  managing_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  Anglasi_NP  nominees_NNS  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Burgess_NP  .  
    financial_JJ  adviser_NN    is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ron_NP  Foster_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  them_PPHO1  both_DB2    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  my_APP$  stepbrothers_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clements_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  downed_VVD  a_AT1  double_JJ  Scotch_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  pub_NN  last_DA  night_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  signed_VBN  no_AT1  forms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  bought_VBN  a_AT1  share_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_IO  Burgess's_PPIO2  office_NN  on_IO  Monday_NN1  for_IO  a_AT1  show-down_NN  .    
  then_RL  Ernie_NP  Clements_NP  downed_VVD  another_DD1  Scotch_NP  .  
    the_AT1  very_DA  idea_NN    a_AT1  brewery_NN  bid_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  touch_VV0  beer_NN  .    .  
  sack_VV0  the_AT1  manager_NN  cry_VV0  fans_NNS  .  
  four_MC  hundred_MC  angry_JJ  soccer_NN  fans_NNS  chanted_VVD      sack_VV0  the_AT1  manager_NN    outside_IO  Newcastle_NP  United_NP  football_NN  club's_NN1$  ground_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  United_NP  had_VHD  just_RR  been_VBN  thrashed_VBN  4-0_MC-MC  by_IO  Everton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  look_VV0  certain_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  relegated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league's_NN1$  division_NN  two_MC  .  
  Newcastle's_PPIO2  manager_NN  is_VBZ  ex-winger_NN  Charlie_NP  Mitten_NP  .  
  at_IO  half-time_NN  ,_,  with_IO  United_NP  two_MC  goals_NNS  down_RP  ,_,  one_MC1  disgusted_JJ  fan_NN  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  club's_NN1$  flagpole_NN  and_CC  hauled_VVD  the_AT1  Union_NP  Jack_NP  to_IO  half_DB  mast_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  riotous_JJ  day_NN  for_IO  soccer_NN  .  .  
  hordes_NNS  of_IO  angry_JJ  supporters_NNS  besieged_VVD  referee_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0B_NP  \0J_NP  Matthews_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  dressing_NN  room_NN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  half-an-hour_NN  after_CS  Hitchin_NP  Town_NNL1  lost_VVD  2-1_MC-MC  to_IO  Southall_NP  in_IO  an_AT1  Athenian_JJ  league_NN  game_NN  at_IO  Hitchin_NP  ,_,  \0Herts_NP  .  
  apple_NN  cores_NNS  and_CC  orange_NN  peel_NN  were_VBDR  thrown_VBN  at_IO  policemen_NNS  at_IO  Arsenal's_PPIO2  Highbury_NP  Stadium_NNL1  .  
  hunger_NN  city_NN  calls_VBZ  Mayor_NNSB1  .  
  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  stop_VV0  your_APP$  roaming_NN  .  
  come_VV0  home_NN1  and_CC  help_VV0  your_APP$  hungry_JJ  citizens_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  kid_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  hungry_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  call_NN  from_IO  labour_NN  leaders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  breadline_NN  city_NN  of_IO  Toronto_NP  ,_,  to_IO  Mayor_NNSB1  Nathan_NP  Phillips_NP  .  
  Mayor_NNSB1  Phillips_NP  ,_,  wealthy_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  law_NN  firm_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  4,000_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  holiday_NN  tour_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN    and_CC  issuing_VBG  denials_NNS  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  hunger_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  city_NN  .  
  as_CS    the_AT1  people_NN    revealed_VVD  recently_RR  ,_,  Britons_NP2  going_VBG  to_IO  Canada_NP  will_VM  find_VV0  Toronto_NP  a_AT1  city_NN  without_IO  jobs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  city_NN  where_CS hungry_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  women_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  line_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  food_NN  at_IO  charity_NN  soup_NN  kitchens_NNS  .  
  Mayor_NNSB1  Phillips_NP  was_VBDZ  challenged_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  Toronto_NP  newspaper_NN  to_TO  tour_VV0  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  see_VV0  the_AT1  distress_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  announced_VVD  :_:      there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  hunger_NN      and_CC  left_VVD  for_IO  Europe_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  know_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  stories_NNS  of_IO  starvation_NN  in_IO  Toronto_NP  are_VBR  all_RR  wrong_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  in_IO  Dublin_NP  Mayor_NNSB1  Phillips_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  unemployment_NN  in_IO  Toronto_NP    but_CCB  no_AT1  widespread_JJ  hunger_NN  or_CC  hardship_NN  .    
  earlier_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  stayed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  expensive_JJ  Westbury_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  attacked_VVD  the_AT1  recent_JJ    people_NN    series_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hardship_NN  a_AT1  Briton_NN1  met_VVD  in_IO  Canada_NP  and_CC  insisted_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  starvation_NN  in_IO  Toronto_NP  .    
  and_CC  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  Toronto_NP  last_DA  Thursday_NN1  250_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Mayor's_NNSB2  civic_JJ  employees_NNS  were_VBDR  laid_VBN  off_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  .  
  ten_MC  nurses_NNS  flop_VV0  exams_NNS    and_CC  a_AT1  row_NN  blows_VBZ  up_RP  .  
  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  hospital_NN  trained_VVD  ten_MC  student_NN  nurses_NNS  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  girls_NNS  took_VVD  their_APP$  final_JJ  examinations_NNS  to_TO  become_VV0  state_NN  registered_JJ  nurses_NNS  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  all_DB  failed_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  this_DD1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  134-bed_JB  general_JJ  Hospital_NNL1  at_IO  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  .  
  last_DA  October_NN1  ,_,  another_DD1  batch_NN  of_IO  student_NN  nurses_NNS  trained_VBN  there_RL  failed_VVD  the_AT1  examinations_NNS  .  
  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  latest_JJT  batch_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  was_VBDZ  revealed_VBN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  started_VVD  a_AT1  storm_NN  at_IO  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  .  
  an_AT1  angry_JJ  parent_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  student_NN  nurse_NN  who_PNQS failed_VVD  said_VVD  :_:  
    this_DD1  hundred-per-\0cent_NNU  failure_NN  is_VBZ  shocking_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  secretary_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  general_JJ  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Egerton_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  comment_VV0  on_IO  our_APP$  results_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  registered_JJ  nurse_NN  examinations_NNS  .  
    a_AT1  hospital_NN  committee_NN  meeting_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  called_VBN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  .    
  the_AT1  hospital_NN  is_VBZ  controlled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Norwich_NP  ,_,  Lowestoft_NP  and_CC  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  Hospital_NNL1  management_NN  committee_NN  .  
  its_APP$  matron_NN  is_VBZ  named_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Hospital_NNL1  year_NN  book_NN  as_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Embleton_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  units_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN    the_AT1  surgical_JJ  unit_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  medical_JJ  unit_NN  at_IO  neighbouring_JJ  Gorleston-on-Sea_NP  .  
  the_AT1  hospital_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  officially_RR  approved_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  give_VV0  complete_JJ  training_NN  in_IO  nursing_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  show_VV0  your_APP$  legs_NNS  :_:  by_IO  order_NN  .  
  fashion-conscious_JJ  policewomen_NNS  in_IO  Nottingham_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  told_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  spinster_NN  boss_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  shortening_VBG  their_APP$  skirts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  girls_NNS  thought_VVD  their_APP$  skirts_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  old_JJ  fashioned_JJ  so_CS  they_PPHS2  shortened_VVD  them_PPHO1  by_IO  tucking_VBG  them_PPHO1  over_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  .  
  then_RL  Chief_NNSB1  Inspector_NNSB1  Jessie_NP  Alexander_NP  found_VVD  out_RP  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS wears_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  skirt_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  also_RR  angry_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  tailors_NNS  who_PNQS supply_VV0  uniforms_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  claims_VBZ  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  policewomen_NNS  ,_,  newly-wed_JB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sheila_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  issued_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  skirt_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  far_RR  shorter_JJ  than_IO  regulation_NN  length_NN  .  
    there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  slip-up_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    in_IO  fact_NN  my_APP$  own_DA  new_JJ  uniform_NN  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  shape_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  sent_VBN  it_PPH1  back_RP  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Williams_NP  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  my_APP$  skirt_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  short_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  below_IO  my_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  see_VV0  why_CS I_PPIS1  should_VM  lengthen_VV0  the_AT1  skirt_NN    long_JJ  skirts_NNS  look_VV0  old_JJ  fashioned_JJ    but_CCB  if_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  insists_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  .    
  male_JJ  comment_NN  :_:  
  Nottingham's_PPIO2  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1    \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Moore_NP    said_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  standard_JJ  pattern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  policewomen's_NN2  skirts_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  follow_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  all_RR  worked_VBN  up_RP  about_IO  statue_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  worker_NN  .  
  a_AT1  union_NN  ordered_VVD  a_AT1  *+100_NNU  statue_NN  to_TO  represent_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  engineer_NN  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  union_NN  members_NNS  saw_VVD  how_CS the_AT1  statue_NN  was_VBDZ  shaping_VBG  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  furious_JJ  .  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  statue_NN    designed_VBN  by_IO  31-year-old_JB  sculptor_NN  John_NP  Paddison_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  amalgamated_JJ  engineering_NN  union's_NN1$  Wolverhampton_NP  district_NN  committee_NN    shows_VBZ  an_AT1  engineer_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  coat_NN  half_RR  on_RP  and_CC  half_RR  off_RP  .  
  sculptor_NN  Paddison_NP  says_VBZ  the_AT1  engineer_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  his_APP$  coat_NN  off_RP    eager_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Wolverhampton_NP  engineers_NNS  say_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  putting_VBG  his_APP$  coat_NN  on_RP    eager_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  work_NN  .  
  coat_NN  on_RP    or_CC  off_RP  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  complain_VV0  ,_,  creates_VBZ  a_AT1  false_JJ  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  workman_NN  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  dashing_VBG  off_RP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  whistle_NN  blows_VBZ  .  
  said_VVD  factory_NN  engineer_NN  John_NP  Williams_NP  :_:  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  obvious_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  posture_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  putting_VBG  his_APP$  coat_NN  on_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  .  
    outsiders_NNS  will_VM  get_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  engineers_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  factory_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .    
  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Paddison_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Riches_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Wolverhampton_NP  :_:  
    as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  concerned_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  his_APP$  coat_NN  off_RP    and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  staying_VBG  .    
  the_AT1  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  statue_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  finished_VBN  in_IO  six_MC  weeks_NNS  and_CC  shown_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  art_NN  gallery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  b-and-b_JB  raider_NN  .  
  police_NNS  were_VBDR  yesterday_NN1  searching_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  bed-and-breakfast_JB  raider_NN  .  
  after_IO  breaking_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  factory_NN  at_IO  Soho_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Handsworth_NP  ,_,  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  an_AT1  alarm_NN  clock_NN  belonging_VBG  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  sleep_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  managing_JJ  director's_NN1$  chair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stole_VVD  about_RR  *+3_NNU  from_IO  the_AT1  canteen_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  factory_NN  tools_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  helped_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  eggs_NNS  and_CC  milk_NN  .  
  gaoled_JJ  woman_NN  let_VBN  out_RP    to_TO  steal_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  woman_NN  serving_VBG  a_AT1  two-year_JB  sentence_NN  at_IO  Holloway_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  mental_JJ  hospital_NN  at_IO  Friern_NP  Barnet_NP  .  
  on_IO  Friday_NN1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  four_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  and_CC  committed_VVD  her_APP$  14th_MD  crime_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  stole_VVD  two_MC  blouses_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  store_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  at_IO  Marlborough_NP  Street_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  magistrate_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Paul_NP  Bennett_NP  ,_,  \0V.C_NNSB1  ,_,  discharged_VVD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kathleen_NP  Clark_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Grenville_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  King's_NNSB2  Cross_NP  ,_,  absolutely_RR  and_CC  ordered_VVD  her_APP$  return_NN  to_IO  hospital_NN  .  
  bow-wow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  .  
  fifty_MC  dogs_NNS  will_VM  sit_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  pop_NN  and_CC  buns_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  biscuits_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  garden_NN  party_NN  at_IO  Blaxton_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Doncaster_NP  ,_,  today_NN1  .  
  their_APP$    guests_NNS    will_VM  be_VB0  dog_NN  lovers_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  Mother_NNSB1  sold_VVD  child_NN    for_IO  28_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  Mother_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  arrested_VBN  yesterday_NN1  and_CC  charged_VBN  with_IO  selling_VBG  her_APP$  five-year-old_JB  daughter_NN  for_IO  *+1_NNU  8_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  33-year-old_JB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Elsie_NP  Joseph_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Seattle_NP  ,_,  Washington_NP  state_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  husband_NN  ,_,  August_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  wanted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  charge_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  seven_MC  children_NNS  .  
  Seattle_NP  police_NNS  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilbert_NP  Bippus_NP  ,_,  35_MC  ,_,  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  wanted_VBN  to_TO  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  child_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  to_TO  buy_VV0  the_AT1  Josephs'_NPS$  daughter_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  paid_VVD  *+1_NNU  8_MC  \0s_NNU  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  girl_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  wife_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  return_VV0  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  banker's_NN1$  son_NN  Jeremy_NP  sued_VBN  for_IO  debt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  banking_NN  family_NN  of_IO  Lubbock_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  its_APP$  biggest_JJT  shock_NN  since_CS  son_NN  Jeremy_NP  ,_,  fresh_JJ  down_RP  from_IO  university_NN  ,_,  flouted_VVD  mother_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  pleaded_VVD  ,_,  
    darling_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  become_VV0  a_AT1  musician_NN  .    
  Jeremy_NP  Lubbock_NP  ,_,  now_RL  30_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  piano_NN  player_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  night_NN  club_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  not_XX  paid_JJ  up_RP  a_AT1  debt_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  court_NN  .  
  so_RR  a_AT1  receiving_NN  order_NN  in_IO  bankruptcy_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  served_VBN  on_IO  him_PPHO1    and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  Jeremy's_PPIO2  friends_NNS  are_VBR  wondering_VBG  :_:  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  grandfather_NN  have_VH0  said_VBN  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  for_CS  grandfather_NN  Cecil_NP  Lubbock_NP  ,_,  83_MC  when_CS he_PPHO1  died_VVD  in_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boss_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  32_MC  years_NNS  a_AT1  director_NN  and_CC  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  deputy_NN  governor_NN  .  
  spurned_VVD  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  Father_NNSB1  saying_VBG  .  
  for_CS  father_NN  Michael_NP  Lubbock_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  cousin_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Avebury_NP  ,_,  followed_VVD  the_AT1  tradition_NN  that_CS  Jeremy_NP  spurned_VVD  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  London_NP  and_CC  south_NN1  America_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  banking_NN  firm_NN  of_IO  \0S_NP  \0G_NP  Warburg_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  .  
  pianist_NN  Jeremy_NP  himself_PPX1  took_VVD  time_NN  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  keys_NNS  to_TO  tell_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  most_RG  unfortunate_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  banker's_NN1$  son_NN  (_(  family_NN  motto_NN      the_AT1  author_NN  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  value_NN    )_)  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  a_AT1  bankrupt_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  promise_VV0  you_PPY  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Jeremy_NP  .  
    my_APP$  assets_NNS  exceed_VV0  my_APP$  liabilities_NNS  .  
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  ironed_VBN  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  money_NN  although_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  disputing_VBG  the_AT1  debt_NN  .    
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  no_AT1  dabbler_NN  at_IO  music_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  career_NN  .    
  Bishop_NNSB1  asks_VBZ  couple_NN  to_TO  forgive_VV0  parson_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Coventry_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  ask_VV0  a_AT1  vicar_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  marry_VV0  two_MC  teenage_JB  parishioners_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  very_RG  fully_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Cuthbert_NP  Bardesley_NP  .  
  the_AT1  vicar_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Eric_NP  Jarvis_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  Warwickshire_NP  village_NN  of_IO  Ansley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  married_VBN  19-year-old_JB  Barry_NP  Wright_NP  and_CC  Margaret_NP  Wilson_NP  ,_,  18_MC  ,_,  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  Church_NNL1  ,_,  Coventry_NP  .  
  but_CCB  five_MC  days_NNS  before_II  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jarvis_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  couple_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  marry_VV0  them_PPHO1  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  to_TO  by_IO  his_APP$  Bishop_NNSB1  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  Barry_NP  and_CC  Margaret_NP  got_VVD  married_VBN  at_IO  another_DD1  church_NN  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  delay_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  days_NNS  .  
  Barry's_PPIO2  mother_NN  protested_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  back_RP  saying_VBG  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  glad_JJ  the_AT1  marriage_NN  did_VDD  take_VV0  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  adding_VBG  :_:    
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  now_RL  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  son_NN  and_CC  daughter-in-law_NN  will_VM  forgive_VV0  and_CC  forget_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  urge_VV0  the_AT1  young_JJ  couple_NN  to_TO  receive_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  help_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  through_IO  prayer_NN  and_CC  worship_NN  .    
  last_DA  night_NN  Barry_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Birmingham_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Ansley_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  we_PPIS2  met_VVD  the_AT1  vicar_NN  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  something_PN1  against_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  finding_VBG  out_RP  why_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  having_VHG  a_AT1  white_JJ  wedding_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  rehearsal_NN  the_AT1  vicar_NN  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   he_PPHO1  would_VM  write_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  and_CC  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  two_MC  non-active_JJ  Christians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  told_VBN  to_TO  marry_VV0  us_PPIO2   he_PPHO1  would_VM  resign_VV0  .  
    Margaret_NP  was_VBDZ  terribly_RR  upset_JJ  ,_,    added_VVD  Barry_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  went_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  told_VVD  the_AT1  vicar_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  married_VBN  in_IO  another_DD1  church_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  else_RR  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0    it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  meant_VBN  his_APP$  resignation_NN  otherwise_RR  .    
  at_IO  Ansley_NP  vicarage_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jarvis_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  elsewhere_RR  was_VBDZ  theirs_PP$  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  circumstances_NNS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  write_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  marry_VV0  them_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  consider_VV0  resigning_VBG  .    \0Mr_NNSB1  Forte_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  .  
  a_AT1  scheme_NN  to_TO  unscramble_VV0  the_AT1  so-called_JB  Jasper_NP  group_NN  of_IO  companies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  announced_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  month_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  now_RL  negotiations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  between_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  building_NN  society_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  group_NN  believed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  headed_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Forte_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  caterer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  firstly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  depositors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  should_VM  at_RR  least_RR  be_VB0  repaid_VBN  20_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  pound_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  suffer_VV0  some_DD  loss_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  secondly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  offer_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  independent_JJ  accountants'_NN2  valuations_NNS    for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  shares_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  group_NN  companies_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  stock_NN  exchange_NN  quotations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  suspended_VBN  .  
  altogether_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  state_NN  has_VHZ  lent_VBN  about_RR  *+7_NNU  million_MC  to_IO  various_JJ  companies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  chief_JB  problem_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  *+3_NNU  1/4_MC  million_MC  borrowed_VBN  by_IO  Friedrich_NP  Grunwald_NP  ,_,  its_APP$  driving_JJ  force_NN  ,_,  at_IO  present_NN  serving_VBG  a_AT1  five-year_JB  prison_NN  sentence_NN  .  
  Grunwald_NP  also_RR  borrowed_VVD  *+1_NNU  1/2_MC  million_MC  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Maxwell_NP  Joseph_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  hotelier_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  solution_NN  will_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Joseph_NP  foregoing_VBG  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Grunwald_NP  and_CC  Herbert_NP  Murray_NP  (_(  formerly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  building_NN  society_NN  ,_,  now_RL  also_RR  in_IO  prison_NN  )_)  surrendering_VBG  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  personal_JJ  holdings_NNS  in_IO  group_NN  companies_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Forte's_PPIO2  interest_NN  in_IO  taking_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  group_NN  plainly_RR  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  catering_NN  opportunities_NNS  offered_VBN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  assets_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  Piccadilly_NP  ,_,  Rubens_NP  and_CC  Rembrandt_NP  hotels_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  provincial_JJ  hotels_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  owns_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  news_NN  theatres_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  among_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  the_AT1    Classic_NP    chain_NN  of_IO  repertory_NN  cinemas_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  43_MC  billiard_NN  halls_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Forte_NP  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  other_DA  plans_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  property_NN  interest_NN  ,_,  above_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  *+4_NNU  million_MC  Dolphin_NP  Square_NNL1  block_NN  of_IO  flats_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  scheme_NN  therefore_RR  hinges_VBZ  on_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  property_NN  group_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Grunwald_NP    empire_NN  .    
  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  property_NN  company_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  shown_VBN  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  *+15_NNU  million_MC  London_NP  group_NN  specialising_NN  in_IO  residential_JJ  property_NN  seems_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  likely_JJ  bet_NN  .  
  things_NNS  at_RR  last_RR  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  looking_VBG  up_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  of_IO  long-suffering_JB  state_NN  building_NN  society_NN  depositors_NNS  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  scheme_NN  falls_VBZ  through_RP    which_DDQ  now_RL  seems_VBZ  unlikely_JJ    there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  City_NNL1  merchant_NN  bank_NN  now_RL  waiting_VBG  quietly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  sidelines_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  scheme_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  new_JJ  recruit_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gerald_NP  Glover's_PPIO2  election_NN  last_DA  week_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  real_JJ  property_NN  provides_VBZ  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  link_NN  between_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  active_JJ  property_NN  development_NN  groups_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  company_NN  whose_PNQV$  immense_JJ  possibilities_NNS  has_VHZ  made_VBN  eyes_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cotton_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore_NP  take_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  lingering_JJ  ,_,  glance_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  direction_NN  .  
  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Glover_NP  is_VBZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  Edger_NP  investments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  development_NN  company_NN  whose_PNQV$  latest_JJT  achievement_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  Carlton_NP  Tower_NNL1  Hotel_NNL1  in_IO  Sloane_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  like_IO  many_DA  another_DD1  property_NN  company_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  attracted_VBN  the_AT1  backing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  leading_JJ  insurance_NN  company_NN    none_PN1  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  Prudential_NP  .  
  perhaps_RR  even_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  for_IO  Edger_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  backing_NN  it_PPH1  enjoys_VBZ  from_IO  development_NN  securities_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  owns_VBZ  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  equity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  company_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  principal_JB  asset_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Dorchester_NP  Hotel_NNL1  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  shares_NNS  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  this_DD1  year_NN  risen_VBN  from_IO  81_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  high_NN  of_IO  110_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  turn_NN  controlled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wealthy_JJ  McAlpine_NP  family_NN  .  
  until_IO  now_RL  the_AT1  only_DA  connection_NN  between_IO  \0CLRP_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  McAlpine-Glover_NP  interests_NNS  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  Stag_NP  brewery_NN  site_NN  at_IO  Victoria_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  51_MC  \0p.c_NNU  owned_VBN  by_IO  \0CLRP_NP  ,_,  25_MC  \0p.c_NNU  by_IO  development_NN  securities_NNS  and_CC  24_MC  \0p.c_NNU  by_IO  Edger_NP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  move_NN  should_VM  at_RR  least_RR  serve_VV0  to_TO  boost_VV0  the_AT1  pace_NN  of_IO  developing_VBG  this_DD1  site_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  *+4_NNU  million_MC  Edger_NP  should_VM    proportionately_RR    benefit_VV0  most_RBT  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  yield_NN  of_IO  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  1_MC1  \0p.c_NNU  at_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  price_NN  of_IO  28_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  the_AT1  shares_NNS  are_VBR  essentially_RR  a_AT1  long-term_JB  investment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  which_DDQ  should_VM  prove_VV0  rewarding_JJ  .  
  \0ICI's_PPIO2  bad_JJ  example_NN  .  
  imperial_JJ  chemical_JJ  industries_NNS  should_VM  certainly_RR  have_VH0  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  underwriters_NNS  for_IO  its_APP$  next_DA    rights_NNS    issue_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  decision_NN  to_TO  revert_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  bad_JJ  old_JJ  practice_NN  ,_,  gradually_RR  being_VBG  rejected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  progressive_JJ  companies_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  letting_VBG  the_AT1  underwriters_NNS  get_VV0  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  inadvertently_RR  not_XX  taken_VBN  up_RP    in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  nearly_RR  3_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  *+34_NNU  million_MC  issue_NN    there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  underwriting_NN    bonus_NN    of_IO  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  *+280,000_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Paul_NP  Chambers_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0ICI_NP  chairman_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  the_AT1  rights_NNS  were_VBDR  worth_IO  only_RR  9_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  share_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  shares_NNS  not_XX  taken_VBN  up_RP  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  sold_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shareholders_NNS  whose_PNQV$  rights_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR    the_AT1  normal_JJ  modern_JJ  practice_NN    this_DD1  would_VM  involve_VV0  considerable_JJ  administrative_JJ  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  principle_NN  .  
  underwriters_NNS  are_VBR  adequately_RR  recompensed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  services_NNS  they_PPHS2  perform_VV0  without_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pourboire_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  innocently_RR  negligent_JJ    or_CC  merely_RR  absent_JJ    shareholders_NNS  .  
  \0ICI_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  setting_VBG  a_AT1  better_JJ  example_NN  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  forward_JJ  strip_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  tax_NN  changes_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  month's_NN1$  budget_NN  .  
  one_MC1  innovation_NN  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  seriously_RR  considering_VBG    and_CC  which_DDQ  may_VM  yet_RR  come_VV0  about_RP    is_VBZ  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  rate_NN  corporation_NN  tax_NN  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  and_CC  profits_VBZ  tax_NN  on_IO  company_NN  profits_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  merit_NN  of_IO  recognising_VBG  the_AT1  important_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  company_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  taxation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  also_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  (_(  normally_RR  averse_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  major_JJ  change_NN  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  helping_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  endless_JJ  battle_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  dividend_NN  strippers_NNS  .  
  for_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  readers_NNS  unacquainted_JJ  with_IO  this_DD1  sport_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  perhaps_RR  explain_VV0  that_CS  dividend_NN  stripping_NN  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  a_AT1  device_NN  for_IO  extracting_VBG  accumulated_JJ  reserves_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  private_JJ  trading_NN  company_NN  without_IO  paying_VBG  tax_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  simplest_JJT  form_NN  it_PPH1  used_VVD  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trading_NN  company_NN  with_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  *+100,000_NNU  of_IO  reserves_NNS  and_CC  *+50,000_NNU  of_IO  other_DA  assets_NNS  is_VBZ  sold_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  finance_NN  company_NN  for_IO  *+150,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  finance_NN  company_NN  then_RL  pays_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  dividend_NN  of_IO  *+100,000_NNU  and_CC  sells_VBZ  the_AT1  trading_NN  company_NN  back_RP  to_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  owners_NNS  for_IO  *+50,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  then_RL  left_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  plus_IO  *+100,000_NNU  in_IO  cash_NN    the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  finance_NN  company_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  business_NN  is_VBZ  dealing_VBG  in_IO  shares_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  property_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  thus_RR  taxed_VBN  on_IO  capital_NN  gains_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  offset_VV0  the_AT1  *+100,000_NNU  loss_NN  in_IO  buying_VBG  and_CC  reselling_VBG  the_AT1  business_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  dividend_NN  received_VBN  .  
  hence_RR  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  tax_NN  liability_NN  .  
  revenue's_NN1$  chagrin_NN  .  
  last_DA  year's_NN1$  finance_NN  act_NN    in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1    blanket_NN    section_NN  28_MC    was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  put_VBN  a_AT1  stop_NN  to_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  although_CS  the_AT1  crude_JJ  method_NN  just_RR  outlined_VBN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  possible_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  roaring_JJ  trade_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  being_VBG  done_VBN    much_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  revenue's_NN1$  chagrin_NN    in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  esoteric_JJ  refinements_NNS  of_IO  dividend_NN  stripping_NN  .  
  among_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  the_AT1  methods_NNS  known_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  professionals_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1    scissors_NNS  ,_,    stock_NN  shunting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  forward_JJ  strip_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  are_VBR  highly_RR  complex_JJ  operations_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  property_NN  deals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  forward_JJ  strip_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  specially_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  those_DD2  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  made_VBN  their_APP$  profits_NNS    actors_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  company_NN  is_VBZ  formed_VBN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  the_AT1  actor's_NN1$  services_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  essence_NN  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  drop_NN  in_IO  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shares_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  company_NN  (_(  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  worthless_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  offset_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  actor's_NN1$  earnings_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  .  
  how_CS many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  leading_JJ  actors_NNS  are_VBR  anxiously_RR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  April_NN1  17_MC  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  their_APP$  forward_JJ  strip_NN  .  
  this_DD1  week's_NN1$  dividends_NNS  .  
  Reyrolle_NP  :_:  Phoenix_NP  .  
  highlight_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  week's_NN1$  dividend_NN  news_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  from_IO  \0A_NP  Reyrolle_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  big_JJ  north-country_JB  electrical_JJ  engineers_NNS  who_PNQS report_VV0  on_IO  Friday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  through_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  electrical_JJ  industry_NN  has_VHZ  passed_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  enough_RGA  known_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  left_VBN  Reyrolle_NP  scatheless_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  went_VVD  further_RRR  than_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  check_NN  to_IO  growth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  brought_VBN  trading_NN  profits_NNS  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  peak_NN  of_IO  *+3,909,000_NNU  in_IO  1955_MC  by_IO  nearly_RR  *+1_NNU  million_MC  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  trading_NN  profits_NNS  had_VHD  climbed_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  *+3,134,000_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  market_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  particularly_RR  sanguine_JJ  that_CS  1960_MC  will_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  much_DA  further_JB  recovery_NN    profit_NN  margins_NNS  were_VBDR  probably_RR  too_RG  slim_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  last_DA  year's_NN1$  agreement_NN  with_IO  associated_JJ  electrical_JJ  industries_NNS  for_IO  joint_JB  research_NN  has_VHZ  probably_RR  not_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  force_NN  long_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  bring_VV0  big_JJ  savings_NNS  yet_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  should_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  in_IO  time_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  Reyrolle_NP  has_VHZ  never_RR  cut_VBN  its_APP$  dividend_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  8_MC  1/4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  on_IO  present_JJ  capital_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  earnings_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  were_VBDR  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  interim_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  maintained_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  at_IO  3_MC  1/4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  expectation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  final_NN  will_NN  again_RR  be_VB0  5_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU    anything_PN1  more_DA  would_VM  please_VV0  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shares_NNS  have_VH0  risen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  two_MC  months_NNS  by_IO  about_RR  7_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  line_NN  with_IO  other_DA  heavy_JJ  electricals_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  hopes_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  industry_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  passed_VBN  its_APP$  worst_JJT  .  
  chemicals_NNS  prosperity_NN  .  
  better_JJ  profits_NNS  are_VBR  expected_VBN  from_IO  associated_JJ  chemical_JJ  companies_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  1960_MC  are_VBR  announced_VBN  next_DA  Thursday_NN1  .  
  \0A.C.C_NP  ,_,  formerly_RR  British_JJ  chrome_NN  &_CC  chemicals_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  expanded_VBN  rapidly_RR  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  group_NN  controlling_VBG  assets_NNS  worth_IO  more_DA  than_IO  *+11_NNU  million_MC  .  
  trading_NN  profits_NNS  have_VH0  risen_VBN  from_IO  about_RR  *+250,000_NNU  to_IO  *+1,345,000_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  10_MC  years_NNS  .  
  last_DA  year's_NN1$  total_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  15_MC  \0p.c_NNU  came_VVD  from_IO  earnings_NNS  of_IO  38_MC  \0p.c_NNU  so_CS  an_AT1  increase_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  powers_NNS  especially_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  cash_NN  position_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  the_AT1  directors_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  conservative_JJ  again_RR  because_IO  of_II  expansion_NN  plans_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  free_JJ  scrip_NN  issue_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ruled_VBN  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  surely_RR  come_VV0  some_DD  day_NN  with_IO  reserves_NNS  and_CC  undistributed_JJ  profits_NNS  now_RL  totalling_VBG  nearly_RR  *+4_NNU  million_MC  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  issued_JJ  equity_NN  capital_NN  of_IO  *+2,154,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  scrip_NN  issue_NN  was_VBDZ  seven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  profits_NNS  of_IO  Mitchells_NP2  ,_,  Ashworth_NP  &_CC  Stansfield_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  manufacturers_NNS  ,_,  dyers_NNS  and_CC  printers_NNS  of_IO  felts_NNS  who_PNQS now_RL  have_VH0  considerable_JJ  interests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  carpet_NN  trades_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  lower_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  caused_VBN  by_IO  running-in_JB  troubles_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  plant_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  much_DA  fear_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  reduced_JJ  distribution_NN  ,_,  so_RG  strong_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  financial_JJ  position_NN  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS  past_RP  the_AT1  company_NN  has_VHZ  added_VBN  a_AT1  6_MC  1/2_MC  \0p.c_NNU  tax_NN  free_JJ  distribution_NN  from_IO  capital_NN  profits_NNS  to_IO  its_APP$  dividend_NN  .  
  cash_NN  resources_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  the_AT1  balance_NN  sheet_NN  disclosed_VVD  cash_NN  and_CC  investments_NNS  totalling_VBG  nearly_RR  *+800,000_NNU  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  issued_JJ  capital_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  only_RR  *+417,000_NNU  after_IO  the_AT1  one-for-four_MC  scrip_NN  issue_NN  .  
  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  investments_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  quoted_JJ  stocks_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  shareholders_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  pressing_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  .  
  steps_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  hand_NN  to_TO  repay_VV0  the_AT1  *+119,000_NNU  of_IO  preference_NN  capital_NN  and_CC  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  report_NN  centres_VBZ  chiefly_RR  on_IO  what_DDQ  further_JB  moves_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  distribute_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  surplus_NN  cash_NN  resources_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  5_MC  \0s_NNU  shares_NNS  of_IO  Phoenix_NP  assurance_NN  have_VH0  risen_VBN  about_RR  30_MC  \0s_NNU  this_DD1  year_NN  and_CC  50_MC  \0s_NNU  from_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  point_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  reflects_VBZ  market_NN  hopes_NNS  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  at_RR  last_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  increase_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  100_MC  \0p.c_NNU  dividend_NN  maintained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  six_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  albeit_CS  with_IO  one_MC1  tiny_JJ  scrip_NN  issue_NN  of_IO  one-for-20_MC  .  
  nevertheless_RR  Phoenix_NP  shares_NNS  at_IO  around_RR  160_MC  \0s_NNU  still_RR  yield_VV0  just_RR  over_RR  3_MC  \0p.c_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  high_JJ  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  1_MC1  1/4_MC  to_IO  1_MC1  3/4_MC  \0p.c_NNU  returns_NNS  shown_VBN  by_IO  such_DA  companies_NNS  as_IO  equity_NN  law_NN  ,_,  general_JJ  accident_NN  ,_,  legal_JJ  &_CC  general_JJ  and_CC  eagle_NN  star_NN  .  
  but_CCB  after_IO  the_AT1    no_AT1  change_NN    shock_NN  from_IO  legal_JJ  and_CC  general_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  well_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  expect_VV0  much_DA  .  
  Italy_NP  seeks_VBZ  firms_NNS  from_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  Italy_NP  is_VBZ  actively_RR  looking_VBG  for_IO  British_JJ  firms_NNS  wishing_VBG  to_TO  start_VV0  manufacturing_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  already_RR  Inbucon_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  British_JJ  firm_NN  of_IO  business_NN  consultants_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  engaged_VBN  by_IO  Finmeccanica_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  large_JJ  holding_NN  company_NN  ,_,  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  suitable_JJ  candidates_NNS  .  
  Finmeccanica_NP  has_VHZ  substantial_JJ  interests_NNS  in_IO  Alfa-Romeo_NP  and_CC  Ansaldo_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  important_JJ  Genoa_NP  shipyard_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  offering_VBG  to_TO  finance_VV0  wholly_RR  or_CC  in_IO  part_NN  new_JJ  British_JJ  manufacturing_VBG  ventures_NNS  in_IO  Italy_NP  .  
  Finmeccanica_NP  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  semi-autonomous_JJ  government_NN  agency_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  institute_NN  for_IO  industrial_JJ  reconstruction_NN  (_(  \0I.R.I_NP  )_)  ;_;  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  majority_NN  shareholdings_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  Italian_JJ  heavy_JJ  industrial_JJ  concerns_NNS  ,_,  public_JJ  utilities_NNS  and_CC  banks_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  future_NN  for_IO  small_JJ  atomic_JJ  reactors_NNS  .  
  news_NN  that_CS  Hawker_NP  Siddeley_NP  is_VBZ  withdrawing_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  business_NN  has_VHZ  confirmed_VBN  the_AT1  growing_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  atomic_JJ  reactors_NNS  has_VHZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  before_CS  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  proposition_NN  .  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  contest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  after_IO  four_MC  months'_NN2  travel_NN  in_IO  Russia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  Mervyn_NP  Jones_NP  compares_VBZ  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  competing_JJ  super-powers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  attitudes_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nice_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  home_NN1  ,_,  after_IO  four_MC  months_NNS  and_CC  seven_MC  thousand_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  travel_NN  in_IO  America_NP  and_CC  Russia_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  true_JJ  in_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  .  
  appreciation_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  now_RL  amply_RR  reinforced_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  least_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  relief_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  either_LE  pulling_JJ  end_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  global_JJ  tug-of-war_NN  .  
  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  it_PPH1  cold_JJ  war_NN  or_CC  peaceful_JJ  competition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  contest_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  super-powers_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  free_JJ  in_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  can_VM  discern_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  material_JJ  weight_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  burden_NN  ,_,  considerable_JJ  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  enormous_JJ  in_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  its_APP$  psychological_JJ  weight_NN  is_VBZ  incalculable_JJ  for_IO  two_MC  peoples_NNS  whose_PNQV$  inclination_NN  ,_,  from_IO  reasons_NNS  of_IO  geography_NN  and_CC  tradition_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  want_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  bothering_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  ,_,  notably_RR  ,_,  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN  .  
  for_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  individual_JJ  outlook_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  exploration_NN  of_IO  space_NN  is_VBZ  either_LE  a_AT1  silly_JJ  game_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  glorious_JJ  endeavour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  spirit_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  contestants_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  joke_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  fun_NN  either_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  that_PNQS has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  teacher's_NN1$  view_NN  of_IO  space_NN  flights_NNS  .  
  for_IO  Americans_NP2  ,_,  Russia's_PPIO2  lead_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  grim_JJ  a_AT1  matter_NN  as_IO  Japan's_PPIO2  initiative_NN  after_IO  Pearl_NP  Harbour_NNL1  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  possible_JJ  reactions_NNS  ,_,  sheer_JB  denial_NN  was_VBDZ  commoner_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  expected_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  famous_JJ  columnist_NN  explained_VVD  in_IO  detail_NN  how_CS the_AT1  Gagarin_NP  and_CC  Titov_NP  flights_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  (_(  not_XX    might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN    )_)  fabricated_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  mother_NN  ,_,  sensible_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  should_VM  say_VV0  to_IO  her_APP$  child_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  teacher_NN  had_VHD  told_VBN  the_AT1  class_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  fake_NN  .  
    tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  what_DDQ  you_PPY  think_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  conformist_JJ  small_JJ  town_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  evidently_RR  as_RG  hard_JJ  as_CS  for_IO  an_AT1  atheist_NN  parent_NN  to_TO  challenge_VV0  religious_JJ  instruction_NN  .  
  belief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flights_NNS  necessarily_RR  implied_VVD  gloom_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  my_APP$  paper_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  candy_NN  store_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Titov_NP  flight_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  headlines_NNS  were_VBDR  big_JJ  and_CC  black_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  shopkeeper's_NN1$  wife_NN  glanced_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  just_RR  too_RG  awful_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  third_MD  reaction_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  comfort_NN  in_IO  America's_PPIO2  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  things_NNS  .  
    ours_PP$  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  young_JJ  teacher_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  space_NN  programme_NN  .    
  by_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  meant_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  attended_VBN  by_IO  publicity_NN  and_CC  by_IO  care_NN  for_IO  human_JJ  life_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  assured_VBN  several_DA  times_NNS  that_CS  half-a-dozen_MC  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  whirling_VBG  dead_JJ  through_IO  space_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN  in_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  just_RR  shot_VVD  them_PPHO1  off_RP  regardless_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  teacher_NN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  was_VBDZ  excited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  American_NN1  in_IO  space_NN  .  
    the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  's_VBZ  crazy_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  think_VV0  of_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  world_NN  starving_VBG  ,_,    said_VVD  an_AT1  economics_NN  student_NN  at_IO  Cleveland_NP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  massacre_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  lead_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  might_VM  expect_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  inspiration_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  woman_NN  pulling_VBG  potatoes_NNS  on_IO  an_AT1  especially_RR  primitive_JJ  collective_JJ  farm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lunching_VBG  as_CS  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  dry_JJ  bread_NN  and_CC  gherkins_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  judge_VV0  our_APP$  country_NN  by_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  see_VV0    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  man_NN  in_IO  space_NN  .    
  the_AT1  surprise_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  Russians_NP2  (_(  not_XX  intellectuals_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  common_JJ  folk_NNS  )_)  who_PNQS took_VVD  a_AT1  contrary_JJ  view_NN  .  
  an_AT1  engineer_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  right_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  millions_MC2  of_IO  roubles_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  conditions_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .    
  a_AT1  miner's_NN1$  wife_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  any_DD  harm_NN  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  for_IO  peaceful_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  better_JJ  to_TO  build_VV0  more_DA  hospitals_NNS  .    
  a_AT1  tractor_NN  driver_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  say_VV0  this_DD1  publicly_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  understand_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  money_NN  .    
  at_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  tractor_NN  driver's_NN1$  mate_NN  grinned_VVD  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    people_NNS  say_VV0  Titov_NP  was_VBDZ  really_RR  sent_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  photograph_VV0  America_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  space_NN  flights_NNS  justified_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  :_:  
    might_VM  do_VD0  one_MC1  good_JJ  thing_NN    prove_VV0  once_RR  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  God_NP  up_RP  there_RL  .    
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  for_CS  granted_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  America_NP  and_CC  in_IO  Russia_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  sputniks_NNS  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  military_JJ  rockets_NNS  .  
  which_DDQ  brings_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_IO  the_AT1  gloomiest_JJT  aspect_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  journey_NN  :_:  the_AT1  spectacle_NN  of_IO  two_MC  great_JJ  peoples_NNS  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  to_TO  massacre_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  cliche*?2_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  neither_LE  the_AT1  American_JJ  nor_CC  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  people_NNS  want_VV0  war_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  matter_NN  of_IO  scars_NNS  yet_RR  unhealed_JJ  .  
  time_RR  and_RR  again_RR  ,_,  people_NNS  gripped_VVD  me_PPIO1  by_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  ghastly_JJ  stories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  invasion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  :_:  
    can_VM  you_PPY  imagine_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  start_VV0  a_AT1  war_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  doubt_VV0  their_APP$  sincerity_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  several_DA  strands_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  lose_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  ,_,  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  deep_JJ  suspicion_NN  of_IO  militarism_NN  ,_,  of_IO    the_AT1  brass_NN  ,_,    of_IO  the_AT1  gearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  to_IO  war_NN  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  ornithologist_NN  ,_,  asked_VBN  how_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  choose_VV0  his_APP$  profession_NN  ,_,  explained_VVD  :_:  
    after_CS  I_PPIS1  graduated_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  chemistry_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  using_VBG  it_PPH1  for_IO  war_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  switched_VVD  to_IO  electronics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  figure_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  n't_XX  use_VV0  for_IO  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  was_VBDZ  birds_NNS  .    
  no_AT1  real_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  threat_NN  .  
  add_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  a_AT1  still_RR  potent_JJ  distrust_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  entanglements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  evening_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  July_NN1  25_MC  speech_NN  ,_,  announcing_VBG  a_AT1  readiness_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  Berlin_NP  and_CC  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  call-up_NN    a_AT1  speech_NN  which_DDQ  caused_VVD  more_DA  alarm_NN  over_IO  interrupted_JJ  careers_NNS  than_IO  satisfaction_NN    I_PPIS1  chatted_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  coffee_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  factory_NN  worker_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  enthusiasm_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  speech_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  behind_IO  Kennedy_NP  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  abruptly_RR  :_:  
    a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  Truman_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  House_NNL1  now_RL  .  
  never_RR  was_VBDZ  any_DD  need_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  in_IO  Korea_NP  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  around_RP  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  be_VB0  fighting_VBG  in_IO  Germany_NP  now_RL  .    
  but_CCB  ,_,  sad_JJ  to_TO  relate_VV0  ,_,    they_PPHS2  want_VV0  peace_NN    is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  whole_JJ  story_NN  .  
  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  both_DB2  Americans_NP2  and_CC  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  ready_JJ  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  neither_LE  people_NN  has_VHZ  any_DD  real_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0  .  
  Union_NP  Square_NNL1  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  public_JJ  forum_NN  ,_,  comparable_JJ  to_IO  Speakers'_NPTS$  Corner_NNL1  in_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  listening-post_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  instructive_JJ  than_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  because_CS  nobody_PN1  gets_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  platform_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  something_PN1  on_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  starts_VBZ  to_TO  talk_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  around_IO  him_PPHO1  join_VV0  in_RP  .  
    you_PPY  gotta_VBN  admit_VV0  ,_,    a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  as_CS  I_PPIS1  neared_VVD  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  group_NN  ,_,    that_CS  things_NNS  advance_VV0  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  war_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  penicillin_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  something_PN1  else_RR  next_DA  time_NN  .    
  a_AT1  religious_JJ  pacifist_NN  intervened_VVD  :_:  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  ever_RR  see_VV0  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  Hiroshima_NP  .    
  the_AT1  first_MD  speaker_NN  countered_VVD  :_:  
    aw_UH  ,_,  Hiroshima_NP    did_VDD  you_PPY  ever_RR  see_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  mangled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  .    
  another_DD1  man_NN  observed_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  sagacity_NN  :_:  
    wars_NNS  are_VBR  fought_VBN  for_IO  real_JJ  estate_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  kick_VV0  it_PPH1  around_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  then_RL  they_PPHS2  divide_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  look_VV0  at_IO  Korea_NP  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  Vietnam_NP  .    
  another_DD1  summed_VVD  up_RP  :_:  
    there_EX  always_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  wars_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  do_VD0  n't_XX  matter_VV0  how_CS much_RR  you_PPY  talk_VV0  .    
  I_PPIS1  broke_VVD  in_RP  to_TO  ask_VV0  if_CS  anyone_PN1  disagreed_VVD  with_IO  this_DD1  proposition_NN  .  
  among_IO  about_RR  fifty_MC  people_NNS  ,_,  nobody_PN1  did_VDD  .  
  lecture_NN  on_IO  need_NN  for_IO  disarmament_NN  .  
  nobody_PN1  in_IO  Russia_NP  would_VM  talk_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS a_AT1  Russian_NN1  talks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  horrors_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  talking_VBG  a_AT1  different_JJ  language_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  disarmer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  intensity_NN  of_IO  past_JB  experience_NN  inhibits_VBZ  thought_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  worse_JJ  future_NN  .  
  once_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  experienced_VBN  Nazi_JJ  occupation_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  how_CS the_AT1  Germans_NP2  knocked_VVD  people_NNS  about_RP  and_CC  turned_VVD  them_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  to_TO  freeze_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  wound_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  inevitably_RR  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  that_DD1  again_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  :_:  
    one_MC1  thing_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  certain_JJ  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  either_LE  peace_NN  or_CC  death_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  split_JJ  second_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  wondering_VBG  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  in_IO  Kursk_NP  ,_,  three_MC  Russians_NP2  lectured_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  disarmament_NN  and_CC  cited_VVD  the_AT1  speech_NN  Khrushchev_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  day_NN  at_IO  Stalingrad_NP  (_(  sorry_JJ  ,_,  Volgograd_NP  )_)  .  
  nettled_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  remarks_NNS  by_IO  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Premier_NNSB1  had_VHD  declared_VBN  that_CS  France_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  obliterated_VBN  in_IO  another_DD1  war_NN  and_CC  added_VVD  :_:  
    however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  .    
  Americans'_NP2  inborn_JJ  optimism_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  that_CS  Khrushchev_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  right_JJ  about_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Britain_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  unduly_RR  sanguine_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  .  
  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  could_VM  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  .  
  signalling_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  waitress_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  round_NN  of_IO  Cuban_JJ  rum_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  said_VVD  positively_RR  :_:  
    not_XX  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  inconceivable_JJ  for_IO  Americans_NP2  that_CS  their_APP$  country_NN  could_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  function_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  organised_JJ  society_NN  .  
  paradoxically_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  drive_NN  strengthens_VBZ  this_DD1  feeling_NN  .  
  estimates_NNS  of_IO  how_CS many_DA  people_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  killed_VBN  ,_,  however_CS horrific_JJ  ,_,  merely_RR  suggest_VV0  how_CS many_DA  would_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  .  
  with_IO  their_APP$  inborn_JJ  optimism_NN  ,_,  many_DA  Americans_NP2  envisage_VV0  the_AT1  aftermath_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  attack_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  back_RP  on_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  hurricane_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  made_VBN  that_CS  Americans_NP2  have_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  modern_JJ  war_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  soil_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  forgotten_VBN  that_CS  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  long-range_JB  bombing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blitz_NN  on_IO  London_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  frustrated_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  invasion_NN  .  
  Leningrad_NP  was_VBDZ  shelled_VBN  and_CC  many_DA  Russian_JJ  towns_NNS  were_VBDR  devastated_VBN  by_IO  street-fighting_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Moscow_NP    with_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  almost_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS    never_RR  had_VHD  an_AT1  air_NN  raid_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  scale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  behind_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  was_VBDZ  behind_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  natural_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  with_IO  some_DD  confidence_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  enemy_NN  out_RP  next_DA  time_NN  .  
  Russians_NP2  do_VD0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  know_VV0  about_IO  nuclear_JJ  bombs_NNS  and_CC  missiles_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  everyone_PN1  hopes_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  home_NN1  town_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  target_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  told_VBN  very_RG  little_DA  about_IO  fallout_NN  .  
  defence_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  means_VBZ  defence_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  views_NNS  that_PNQS go_VV0  unchallenged_JJ  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  add_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  conviction_NN  that_CS    our_APP$  side_NN    is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  and_CC  acting_VBG  defensively_RR  ,_,  over_IO  what_DDQ  Russians_NP2  call_VV0  the_AT1  German_JJ  question_NN  and_CC  Americans_NP2  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  Khrushchev_NP  is_VBZ  simply_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  German_JJ  problem_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  basis_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  never_RR  publicly_RR  challenged_VBN  in_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  Kennedy_NP  is_VBZ  simply_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  position_NN  unreasonably_RR  attacked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  is_VBZ  seldom_RR  publicly_RR  challenged_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  for_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  rule_VV0  out_RP    war_NN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,    the_AT1  mood_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  far_RR  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  from_IO  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  fight_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  jingo_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  .  .    
  any_DD  glossary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russo-American_JJ  political_JJ  vocabulary_NN  (_(  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  thinking_VBG  of_IO  everyday_JB  speech_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  official_JJ  statements_NNS  )_)  must_VM  include_VV0  these_DD2  entries_NNS  :_:  
    threat_NN  :_:  a_AT1  bellicose_JJ  move_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  opponents_NNS  .  
  warning_NN  :_:  a_AT1  bellicose_JJ  move_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  met_VBN  both_DB2  Americans_NP2  and_CC  Russians_NP2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  genuinely_RR  saddened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  resumption_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  offing_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  America_NP  and_CC  happened_VVD  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  that_CS  hopes_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  dashed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  how_CS bad_JJ  things_NNS  were_VBDR  getting_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  nobody_PN1  who_PNQS thought_VVD  it_PPH1  actually_RR  wrong_JJ  if_CS  their_APP$  leaders_NNS  found_VVD  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  might_VM  sum_VV0  up_RP  by_IO  recording_VBG  two_MC  posters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  street_NN  in_IO  Kiev_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  showed_VVD  a_AT1  mother_NN  clutching_VBG  a_AT1  child_NN  and_CC  read_VVD  :_:  
    for_IO  their_APP$  sake_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  peace_NN  .    
  the_AT1  other_DA  showed_VVD  a_AT1  steel-helmeted_JJ  soldier_NN  with_IO  levelled_JJ  bayonet_NN  and_CC  read_VVD  :_:  
    ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motherland_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  both_DB2  meet_VV0  with_IO  general_JJ  approval_NN  .  
  cold_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  less_RG  intense_JJ  than_IO  hot_JJ  war_NN  in_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  respect_NN  .  
  the_AT1  antagonism_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  total_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  among_IO  both_DB2  peoples_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  refreshing_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  undiscriminating_JJ  hatred_NN  known_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  as_IO  Vansittartism_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  .  
  they_PPHS2  reason_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  since_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  loyal_JJ  to_IO  America_NP  and_CC  oppose_VV0  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  fond_JJ  of_IO  Russia_NP  while_CS  loathing_VBG  Khrushchev_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  vogue_NN  for_IO  Russia_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  far_RR  more_DA  young_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  learning_VBG  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  language_NN  than_CS  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  all_DB  hoping_VBG  for_IO  jobs_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  America_NP  .  \0A.E.U_NP  national_JJ  committee's_NN1$  demand_NN  may_VM  cost_VV0  *+30_NNU  million_MC  .  
  engineers'_NN2  three-week_JB  holiday_NN  call_NN  .  
  revised_JJ  pay_NN  basis_NN  claim_NN  .  
  the_AT1  resumed_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0A.E.U_NP  national_JJ  committee_NN  at_IO  Eastbourne_NP  today_NN1  passed_VVD  a_AT1  resolution_NN  reaffirming_VBG  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  third_MD  week's_NN1$  holiday_NN  ,_,  and_CC  eight_MC  statutory_JJ  holidays_NNS  with_IO  pay_NN  for_IO  three_MC  million_MC  workers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  asked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  revision_NN  of_IO  holiday_NN  pay_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  average_JJ  earnings_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  and_CC  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  *+2_NNU  13_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  day_NN  for_IO  time_NN  workers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  claim_NN  ,_,  if_CS  conceded_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  cost_VV0  the_AT1  employers_NNS  between_IO  *+25_NNU  to_IO  *+30_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  Sidcup_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  mover_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  many_DA  employed_VBN  in_IO  public_JJ  service_NN  already_RR  had_VHD  three_MC  weeks_NNS  holiday_NN  and_CC  also_RR  many_DA  white_JJ  collar_NN  workers_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  draughtsmen_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  winning_VBG  the_AT1  day_NN  in_IO  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  individual_JJ  firms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  Britain_NP  was_VBDZ  lagging_VBG  behind_IO  many_DA  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  longer_JJ  holidays_NNS  .  
  work_NN  strain_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Daniel_NP  (_(  Worcester_NP  )_)  urged_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  vitally_RR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  longer_JJ  breaks_NNS  from_IO  work_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  stress_NN  and_CC  strain_NN  of_IO  working_VBG  50_MC  weeks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
    mental_JJ  hospitals_NNS  and_CC  homes_NN2  are_VBR  being_VBG  filled_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  medical_JJ  association_NN  and_CC  hospital_NN  authorities_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  side_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0M_NP  \0E_NP  Sparks_NP  (_(  Birmingham_NP  )_)  said_VVD  that_CS  employers_NNS  were_VBDR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  recognise_VV0  that_DD1  tea_NN  breaks_NNS  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  revitalised_VVD  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  energy_NN  .  
  under_IO  automation_NN  work_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  more_RG  monotonous_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  bringing_VBG  mental_JJ  and_CC  bodily_JJ  illness_NN  .  
  new_JJ  grade_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Carron_NP  (_(  President_NNSB1  )_)  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  in_IO  some_DD  sections_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  pressure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  and_CC  file_NN  ,_,  increased_JJ  holidays_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  agreed_VBN  based_VBN  on_IO  length_NN  of_IO  service_NN  and_CC  other_DA  qualifications_NNS  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  grade_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  manual_JJ  staff_NN  where_CS attractions_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  longer_JJ  holidays_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  being_VBG  offered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  and_CC  file_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  being_VBG  accepted_VBN  .  
  short-time_JB  figures_NNS  slashed_VBN  in_IO  car_NN  factories_NNS  .  
  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  figures_NNS  issued_VBN  after_IO  today's_NP1  monthly_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  midland_NN  regional_JJ  board_NN  for_IO  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  estimated_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  short_JJ  time_NN  has_VHZ  dropped_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  29,400_MC  including_IO  21,500_MC  car_NN  workers_NNS  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  12,000_MC  including_IO  just_RR  under_RR  8,000_MC  car_NN  workers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  unemployed_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  month_NN  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  by_IO  2,800_MC  to_IO  just_RR  over_RR  29,000_MC  .  
  Major_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0R_NP  Dibben_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  a_AT1  press_NN  conference_NN  ,_,  that_CS  most_DA  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  were_VBDR  now_RL  back_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  working_NN  week_NN  .  
    although_CS  the_AT1  revival_NN  in_IO  car_NN  sales_NNS  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  largely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  market_NN  and_CC  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  exports'_NN2  markets_NNS  have_VH0  continued_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  hope_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  cars_NNS  at_IO  recent_JJ  motor_NN  shows_NNS  abroad_RR  foreshadows_VBZ  further_JB  increases_NNS  in_IO  activity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  months_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  export_NN  campaign_NN  .  
  in_IO  Coventry_NP  ,_,  on_IO  April_NN1  10_MC  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  3,440_MC  unemployed_JJ  including_IO  700_MC  on_IO  short_JJ  time_NN  .  
  a_AT1  greater_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  exports_NNS  by_IO  midland_NN  manufacturers_NNS  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0J_NP  Holman_NP  ,_,  regional_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  export_NN  campaign_NN  ,_,  inquiries_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  board's_NN1$  Birmingham_NP  offices_NNS  from_IO  firms_NNS  had_VHD  increased_VBN  by_IO  55_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  from_IO  about_RR  600_MC  firms_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  change_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  decimal_JJ  coinage_NN  system_NN  :_:    as_RG  quickly_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ    was_VBDZ  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  regional_JJ  board_NN  after_IO  hearing_VBG  views_NNS  of_IO  members_NNS  .  
  motor_NN  exports_NNS  down_RP  in_IO  first_MD  quarter_NN  .  
  car_NN  exports_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  quarter_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  at_IO  85,219_MC  ,_,  represented_VVD  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  quarterly_JJ  figure_NN  since_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  said_VVD  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  5,000_MC  below_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  quarter_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  and_CC  nearly_RR  100,000_MC  below_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  quarter_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  .  
  car_NN  output_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  quarter_NN  ,_,  at_IO  218,003_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  well_RR  below_IO  any_DD  quarterly_JJ  figure_NN  for_IO  1959_MC  and_CC  1960_MC  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  board's_NN1$  monthly_JJ  statistics_NNS  showed_VVD  a_AT1  brighter_JJ  picture_NN  for_IO  commercial_JJ  vehicles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  totals_NNS  for_IO  exports_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  quarter_NN  ,_,  at_IO  48,358_MC  and_CC  production_NN  ,_,  at_IO  119,745_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  both_DB2  well_RR  above_IO  corresponding_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  quarter_NN  in_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  .  
  (_(    motor_NN  industry_NN  expansion_NN  hopes_NNS  questioned_VBN      page_NN  6_MC  .  )_)  
  Algerian_JJ  paratroop_NN  attack_NN  beaten_VBN  off_RP  .  
  first_MD  shots_NNS  in_IO  revolt_NN  .  
  first_MD  fighting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Algeria_NP  revolt_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  today_NN1  when_CS loyal_JJ  forces_NNS  repulsed_VVD  an_AT1  attempt_NN  by_IO  paratroops_NNS  to_TO  storm_VV0  the_AT1  naval_JJ  base_NN  of_IO  Mers_NP  el_&FW  Kebir_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Oran_NP  ,_,  western_JJ  Algeria_NP  .  
  according_IO  to_II  official_JJ  sources_NNS  quoted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  agency_NN  a_AT1  French_JJ  light_JJ  cruiser_NN  fired_VVD  warning_JJ  shots_NNS  as_CS  paratroops_NNS  approached_VVD  the_AT1  base_NN  .  
  unconfirmed_JJ  reports_NNS  said_VVD  troops_NNS  and_CC  marines_NNS  resisted_VVD  the_AT1  attack_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  paratroops_NNS  withdrew_VVD  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  .  
  two_MC  battalions_NNS  of_IO  French_JJ  motorised_JJ  infantry_NN  were_VBDR  reported_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  crossed_VBN  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  into_IO  France_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  armed_JJ  forces_NNS  ministry_NN  announced_VVD  the_AT1  recall_NN  of_IO  troops_NNS  and_CC  armour_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  60,000_MC  strong_JJ  force_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  Paris_NP  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  capital_NN  had_VHD  passed_VBN  a_AT1  second_MD  night_NN  of_IO  vigil_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  airborne_JJ  invasion_NN  from_IO  Algeria_NP  .  
  food_NN  rush_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  announced_VBN  that_CS  10,000_MC  reservists_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  recalled_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  16th_MD  infantry_NN  division_NN  put_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  war_NN  footing_NN  .  
  a_AT1  message_NN  from_IO  President_NNSB1  De_NP  Gaulle_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  national_JJ  assembly_NN  and_CC  Senate_NP  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  the_AT1  French_JJ  grocers'_NN2  federation_NN  appealed_VVD  to_IO  people_NNS  today_NN1  not_XX  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  rush_NN  on_IO  foodstuffs_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  fear_VV0  a_AT1  food_NN  shortage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  appeal_NN  follows_VBZ  a_AT1  rush_NN  by_IO  Parisian_JJ  housewives_NNS  yesterday_NN1  to_TO  stock_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  food_NN  .  
  Laos_NP  cease-fire_NN  near_II  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Laotian_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  appeal_NN  made_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  co-chairmen_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  agreement_NN  (_(  the_AT1  British_JJ  and_CC  Soviet_NP  foreign_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  )_)  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  cease-fire_NN  in_IO  Laos_NP  .  
  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  spokesman_NN  said_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  today_NN1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  very_RG  much_RR  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Laotian_JJ  government's_NN1$  acceptance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cease-fire_NN  appeal_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  steps_NNS  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  cease-fire_NN  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  left-wing_JB  Pathet_NP  Lao_NP  forces_NNS  .  
  move_NN  for_IO  coach_NN  drinks_NNS  fails_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  move_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  alcoholic_JJ  drinks_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  sold_VBN  to_IO  passengers_NNS  in_IO  public_JJ  vehicles_NNS  on_IO  specified_JJ  services_NNS  was_VBDZ  defeated_VBN  today_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  William_NP  Clark_NP  ,_,  conservative_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Nottingham_NP  South_NP  ,_,  proposed_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  clause_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  licensing_NN  bill_NN  so_CS  that_CS  such_DA  drinks_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  permitted_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  standing_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  :_:  
    you_PPY  can_VM  eat_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  long-distance_JB  coach_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  softly_RR  drink_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  alcoholic_JJ  drink_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Marcus_NP  Lipton_NP  (_(  \0Lab_NN  ,_,  Brixton_NP  )_)  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  supported_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  clause_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0    24_MC  hours_NNS  drinking_NN  going_VBG  on_RP    combined_JJ  cruising_NN  and_CC  boozing_NN  while_CS  enjoying_VBG  the_AT1  beauties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  .    
  public_JJ  concern_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dennis_NP  Vosper_NP  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  home_NN1  office_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  there_EX  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  close_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  alcohol_NN  and_CC  road_NN  transport_NN  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_DA  public_JJ  concern_NN  about_IO  road_NN  accidents_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Boardman_NP  (_(  \0Lab_NN  ,_,  Leigh_NP  )_)  said_VVD  :_:  
    miners_NNS  hire_VV0  a_AT1  private_JJ  coach_NN  and_CC  fill_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  boot_NN  with_IO  beer_NN  cases_NNS  .  
  people_NNS  come_VV0  down_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  final_NN  in_IO  coaches_NNS  carrying_VBG  more_DA  beer_NN  bottles_NNS  than_IO  passengers_NNS  .    (_(  laughter_NN  .  )_)  
  Ceylon_NP  cabinet_NN  orders_VBZ  general_JJ  mobilisation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Ceylon_NP  government_NN  today_NN1  ordered_VVD  general_JJ  mobilisation_NN  and_CC  called_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  active_JJ  service_NN  nine_MC  units_NNS  of_IO  volunteers_NNS  and_CC  reservists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  ,_,  navy_NN  ,_,  air_NN  force_NN  and_CC  home_NN1  guards_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  units_NNS  were_VBDR  ordered_VBN  to_TO  report_VV0  for_IO  duty_NN  immediately_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sirimavo_NP  Bandaranaike_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  broadcast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  today_NN1  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  received_VBN  information_NN  that_CS  various_JJ  other_DA  organisations_NNS  besides_IO  the_AT1  recently_RR  banned_JJ  opposition_NN  federal_JJ  party_NN  were_VBDR  secretly_RR  planning_VBG  to_TO  undermine_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  death_NN  penalty_NN  .  
  the_AT1  estate_NN  strike_NN  yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  was_VBDZ  aimed_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  certain_JJ  elements_NNS  were_VBDR  using_VBG  the_AT1  bank_NN  clerks'_NN2  strike_NN  to_TO  cause_VV0  great_JJ  economic_JJ  harm_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  declared_VVD  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Bandaranaike_NP  called_VVD  upon_IO    all_DB  patriotic_JJ  Ceylonese_NP2  to_TO  give_VV0  their_APP$  full_JJ  support_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .    
  by_IO  a_AT1  proclamation_NN  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  death_NN  penalty_NN  for_IO  looting_NN  and_CC  arson_NN  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  punishment_NN  for_IO  offences_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  breaking_NN  of_IO  bridges_NNS  ,_,  obstruction_NN  to_IO  roads_NNS  and_CC  damage_NN  to_IO  buses_NNS  and_CC  trains_NNS  was_VBDZ  extended_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  .  
  the_AT1  measures_NNS  had_VHD  previously_RR  applied_VBN  only_RR  to_IO  certain_JJ  areas_NNS  affected_VBN  by_IO  recent_JJ  trouble_NN  in_IO  Ceylon_NP  ,_,  arising_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  civil_JJ  disobedience_NN  campaign_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Tamil-speaking_JJ  northern_JJ  and_CC  eastern_JJ  provinces_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  adoption_NN  of_IO  Sinhalese_NN1  as_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  language_NN  .  
  London_NP  Jew_NN1  faces_VBZ  Eichmann_NP  after_IO  23_MC  years_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  British_JJ  estate_NN  agent_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moliz_NP  Fleischmann_NP  ,_,  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  Wood_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  trying_VBG  Adolf_NP  Eichmann_NP  ,_,  today_NN1  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  23_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  faced_VVD  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  leader_NN  across_IO  a_AT1  desk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Gestapo's_PPIO2  Vienna_NP  headquarters_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fleischmann_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  former_DA  Jewish_JJ  leader_NN  in_IO  Vienna_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  ,_,  escaped_VVD  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  trains_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  in_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  1938_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  and_CC  other_DA  Jewish_JJ  leaders_NNS  were_VBDR  called_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Metropole_NP  ,_,  Gestapo_NP  headquarters_NN  ,_,  and_CC  taken_VBN  before_IO  Eichmann_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  desk_NN    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  stand_VV0  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Fleischmann_NP  said_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  uniform_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  black_JJ  \0S.S_NP  uniform_NN  which_DDQ  became_VVD  very_RG  familiar_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   later_RRR  .  
    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   his_APP$  task_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  purify_VV0  Vienna_NP  and_CC  Austria_NP  from_IO  Jews_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  quickest_JJT  possible_JJ  way_NN  .  **"_**'  
  today_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  those_DD2  words_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fleischmann_NP  again_RR  faced_VVD  Eichmann_NP  .  
  the_AT1  witness_NN  box_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  is_VBZ  directly_RR  opposite_IO  the_AT1  bulletproof_JJ  glass-covered_JJ  dock_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Eichmann_NP  sat_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Eichmann's_PPIO2  activity_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fear_NN  which_DDQ  developed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  Viennese_JJ  Jewry_NN1  was_VBDZ  felt_VBN  immediately_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fleischmann_NP  .  
  part_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fleischmann's_PPIO2  testimony_NN  added_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  Eichmann's_PPIO2  birth_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  interview_NN  Eichmann_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  speak_VV0  Hebrew_NN1  and_CC  Yiddish_NN1  fluently_RR  because_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  Sharona_NP    (_(  a_AT1  German_JJ  community_NN  near_IO  Tel_NP  Aviv_NP  ,_,  Israel_NP  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  interrogation_NN  Eichmann_NP  has_VHZ  told_VBN  his_APP$  captors_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  at_IO  Solingen_NP  ,_,  Germany_NP  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  idea_NN  got_VVD  about_RP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Palestine-born_JJ  .  
  protest_NN  over_IO  Berkswell_NP  footpaths_NNS  .  
  three_MC  Berkswell_NP  footpaths_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  at_IO  Bickenhill_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  all_DB  used_VBN  by_IO  visitors_NNS  ,_,  ramblers_NNS  and_CC  residents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  areas_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  closed_VBN  ,_,  Meriden_NP  \0R.D.C_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  British_JJ  railways_NNS  .  
  asking_VBG  for_IO  closure_NN  orders_NNS  ,_,  British_JJ  railways_NNS  say_VV0  the_AT1  footpaths_NNS  cross_VV0  railway_NN  lines_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Coventry-Birmingham_NP  main_JB  line_NN  electrification_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  people_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  and_CC  ramblers_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  their_APP$  opinion_NN  before_CS  Meriden_NP  \0R.D.C_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  its_APP$  decision_NN  .  
  Berkswell_NP  parish_NN  council_NN  strongly_RR  opposes_VBZ  any_DD  proposal_NN  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  footpath_NN  which_DDQ  runs_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  Truggist_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  railway_NN  line_NN  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  Berkswell_NP  station_NN  .  
  association's_NN1$  evidence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  considered_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  path_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  right_NN  of_IO  way_NN  linking_VBG  the_AT1  southern_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ramblers'_NN2  association_NN  also_RR  confirmed_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  path_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  Coventry-based_JJ  clubs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  association_NN  provided_VVD  evidence_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  paths_NNS  which_DDQ  linked_VVD  Kenilworth_NP  Road_NNL1  with_IO  Wootton_NP  Lane_NNL1  and_CC  Bradnocks_NP  Marsh_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  were_VBDR  frequently_RR  used_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  parish_NN  council_NN  raised_VVD  no_AT1  objections_NNS  to_IO  closures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fourth_MD  footpath_NN  ,_,  connecting_VBG  Old_NP  Station_NNL1  Road_NNL1  with_IO  Church_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  Bickenhill_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  being_VBG  opposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  parish_NN  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ramblers'_NN2  association_NN  .  
  bill_NN    gives_VBZ  licensees_NNS  more_DA  protection_NN    .  
  Coventry_NP  and_CC  Leamington_NP  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  womens'_NN2  auxiliaries_NNS  who_PNQS attended_VVD  their_APP$  association's_NN1$  annual_JJ  rally_NN  at_IO  Sutton_NP  Coldfield_NP  yesterday_NN1  were_VBDR  told_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  licensing_NN  bill_NN  would_VM  bring_VV0  more_DA  protection_NN  from_IO  teenage_JB  drinkers_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  more_DA  competition_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  400_MC  wives_NNS  and_CC  relatives_NNS  of_IO  licensees_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  rally_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  charity_NN  work_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  nationally_RR  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  licensed_JJ  trade_NN  .  
    going_VBG  continental_JJ    .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  told_VBN  by_IO  Rear-Admiral_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0G_NP  Brittain_NP  ,_,  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trade_NN  development_NN  association_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  body_NN  which_DDQ  helps_VBZ  to_TO  co-ordinate_VV0  relations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  brewer_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  publican_NN  ,_,  that_CS  under_RP  the_AT1  new_JJ  bill_NN  the_AT1  penalty_NN  for_IO  under-age_JJ  drinkers_NNS  would_VM  go_VV0  up_RP  from_IO  *+2_NNU  to_IO  *+25_NNU  .  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_DD1  will_VM  choke_VV0  off_RP  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  from_IO  their_APP$  games_NNS  and_CC  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  more_RG  peaceful_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  houses_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Rear-Admiral_NNSB1  Brittain_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  clearly_RR  decided_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  country_NN  must_VM    go_VV0  continental_JJ    and_CC  give_VV0  drink_NN  licenses_NNS  to_IO  restaurants_NNS  and_CC  boarding_NN  houses_NNS  .  
  for_IO  better_JJ  or_CC  for_IO  worse_JJ  this_DD1  would_VM  bring_VV0  competition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  licensed_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    that_DD1  leads_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  catering_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1    Ritzy_JJ    meal_NN  .    they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  Jacqueline_NP  ,_,  say_VV0  surprised_JJ  police_NNS  .  
  200,000_MC  Parisians_NP2  go_VV0  wild_JJ  over_IO  Kennedy_NP  .  
  confetti_NN  welcome_NN  in_IO  Rue_NNL1  de_&FW  Rivoli_NP  .  
  Paris_NP  gave_VVD  President_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  a_AT1  gay_JJ  welcome_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  crowds_NNS  estimated_VBN  at_IO  200,000_MC  cheered_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  their_APP$  drive_NN  from_IO  Orly_NP  Airport_NNL1  .  
  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  sat_VVD  beside_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  in_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  car_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  American_JJ  leader_NN    26_MC  years_NNS  his_APP$  junior_NN    stood_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  cheers_NNS  ,_,  flag-waving_NN  and_CC  hand-clapping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  .  
  surprised_JJ  police_NNS  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  than_IO  for_IO  ex-President_NNSB1  Eisenhower_NP  or_CC  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  official_JJ  motorcade_NN  entered_VVD  the_AT1  city_NN  limits_NNS  a_AT1  101-gun_JB  salute_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  boom_VV0  out_RP  .  
  cannon_NNS  beside_IO  the_AT1  Seine_NP  were_VBDR  still_RR  firing_VBG  as_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  reached_VVD  the_AT1  Quai_NP  d'Orsay_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  French_JJ  foreign_JJ  ministry_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  will_VM  stay_VV0  until_IO  Saturday_NN1  morning_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  received_VVD  a_AT1  particularly_RR  hearty_JJ  welcome_NN  from_IO  students_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  Sorbonne_NP  University_NNL1    where_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  once_RR  studied_VVD  .  
  confetti_NN  was_VBDZ  showered_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  Rue_NNL1  de_&FW  Rivoli_NP  ,_,  where_CS Parisians_NP2  thronged_VVD  office_NN  windows_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  pavements_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  praised_VVD  his_APP$  host_NN  as_IO    a_AT1  captain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1    for_IO  over_RR  20_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  adding_VBG  that_CS  his_APP$  leadership_NN  and_CC  sense_NN  of_IO  history_NN  were_VBDR  needed_VBN  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  who_PNQS drew_VVD  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  police_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  stood_VVD  bare-headed_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  cheers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  dressed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  pale_JJ  blue_JJ  coat_NN  and_CC  matching_JJ  blue_JJ  straw_NN  hat_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  half-hidden_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  rode_VVD  by_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  enclosed_JJ  car_NN  ,_,  waving_VBG  and_CC  smiling_VBG  .  
  meeting_NN  .  
  this_DD1  three-day_JB  visit_NN  is_VBZ  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  first_MD  to_IO  Europe_NP  since_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  office_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Presidents_NNSB2  lasted_VVD  40_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  their_APP$  discussions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  nine_MC  hours_NNS  in_IO  five_MC  meetings_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  three_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  hours_NNS  after_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  flew_VVD  in_RP  .  
  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  greeted_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Elysee_NP  Palace_NNL1  and_CC  republican_JJ  guards_NNS  gave_VVD  full_JJ  military_JJ  honours_NNS  .  
  later_RRR  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  luncheon_NN  party_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  .  
  the_AT1  40_MC  guests_NNS  included_VVD  \0M_NP  Debre_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  French_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  of_IO  his_APP$  planned_JJ  three-day_JB  discussions_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  neither_LE  held_VBN  nor_CC  planned_VBN  any_DD  talks_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  more_RG  important_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  here_RL  to_TO  pay_VV0  tribute_NN  to_IO  France_NP  ,_,  not_XX  for_IO  her_APP$  past_JB  glory_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  her_APP$  present_JJ  greatness_NN    her_APP$  leadership_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  Africa_NP  ,_,  in_IO  science_NN  and_CC  industry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  productivity_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  workers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  brilliance_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  universities_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  grandeur_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  mission_NN  in_IO  carrying_VBG  the_AT1  torch_NN  of_IO  liberty_NN  to_IO  new_JJ  nations_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  in_IO  his_APP$  reply_NN  ,_,  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  Americans_NP2  here_RL  other_DA  than_CS  as_IO  friends_NNS  and_CC  allies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  such_DA  we_PPIS2  welcome_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  cheers_NNS  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  President_NNSB1  Swart_NP  .  
  thousands_MC2  of_IO  South_NP  Africans_NP2  ,_,  citizens_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  republic_NN  since_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  today_NN1  saw_VVD  66-year-old_JB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Swart_NP  drive_NN  in_IO  procession_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Groote_NP  Kerk_NP  Church_NNL1  in_IO  Pretoria_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  oath_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  President_NNSB1  .  
  representatives_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  had_VHD  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  to_TO  witness_VV0  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  inauguration_NN  ceremony_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  included_VVD  Africans_NP2  ,_,  coloureds_NNS  (_(  mixed_JJ  race_NN  )_)  ,_,  Indians_NP2  and_CC  Chinese_NP2  .  
  leaders_NNS  of_IO  eight_MC  African_JJ  national_JJ  units_NNS  were_VBDR  headed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Paramount_NNSB1  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Zulus_NP2  ,_,  Cyprian_NP  Dinizulu_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Swart_NP  drove_VVD  to_IO  church_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  guard_NN  of_IO  mounted_JJ  police_NNS  in_IO  front_NN  and_CC  behind_RP  .  
  the_AT1  crowd_NN  ,_,  six_MC  deep_JJ  in_IO  places_NNS  ,_,  cheered_VVD  him_PPHO1  enthusiastically_RR  .  
  many_DA  had_VHD  waited_VBN  since_IO  6_MC  \0a.m_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  square_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sea_NN  of_IO  umbrellas_NNS  .  
  11-gun_JB  salute_NN  .  
  salutes_NNS  of_IO  11_MC  guns_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  peal_NN  of_IO  church_NN  bells_NNS  greeted_VVD  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  at_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  ending_VBG  ties_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  crown_NN  that_PNQS went_VVD  back_RP  155_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  inauguration_NN  speech_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Swart_NP  said_VVD  South_NP  Africa_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  decide_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  domestic_JJ  policy_NN    without_IO  interference_NN  from_IO  outside_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  paid_VVD  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  expressing_VBG  appreciation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$    courtesy_NN  ,_,  friendliness_NN  and_CC  graciousness_NN  ,_,    and_CC  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  for_IO  cordial_JJ  relations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  sent_VVD  a_AT1  cable_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  wishes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  sent_VVD  a_AT1  message_NN  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  arrived_VVD  today_NN1  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  weekend_NN  meeting_NN  with_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  in_IO  Vienna_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  news_NN  agency_NN  Tass_NP  reported_VVD  .  
  Tass_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  name_VV0  the_AT1  town_NN  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  where_CS the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  left_VVD  Kiev_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Ukraine_NP  ,_,  by_IO  rail_NN  .  
  conservatives_NNS  put_VVD  their_APP$  man_NN  in_RP  at_IO  hectic_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  labour_NN  outvoted_VBN    so_RR  a_AT1  tory_NN  gets_VBZ  the_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  by_IO  Michael_NP  Pickering_NP  .  
  our_APP$  municipal_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  conservative_JJ  Councillor_NNSB1  Bob_NP  Henderson_NP  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  chairman_NN  of_IO  Newcastle_NP  housing_NN  management_NN  committee_NN  today_NN1    but_CCB  he_PPHO1  will_VM  hold_VV0  the_AT1  position_NN  for_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  meeting_NN  .  
  his_APP$  election_NN  followed_VVD  a_AT1  hectic_JJ  half-hour_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  when_CS the_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  ,_,  with_IO  only_RR  three_MC  members_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  ten_MC  present_JJ  ,_,  fought_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  out-voted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  at_IO  full_JJ  strength_NN  with_IO  five_MC  members_NNS  present_JJ  .  
  following_VBG  custom_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Ald_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  chair_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  chairman_NN  and_CC  vice-chairman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  by_IO  \0Coun_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0M_NP  Lewcock_NP  ,_,  \0Coun_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0P_NP  Gurd_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Ald_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0W_NP  Hanlan_NP  .  
  five_MC  votes_NNS  to_IO  three_MC  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lewcock_NP  proposed_VVD  \0Coun_NNSB1  Jack_NP  Johnston_NP  for_IO  chairman_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  on_IO  holiday_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  vice-chairman_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  voted_VVD  against_II  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  Gurd_NP  then_RL  proposed_VVD  \0Coun_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lewcock_NP  as_IO  chairman_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  meeting_NN  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  voted_VVD  against_II  and_CC  won_VVD  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  Bob_NP  Henderson_NP  then_RL  proposed_VVD  \0Ald_NNSB1  John_NP  Burton_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  housing_NN  management_NN  committee_NN  chairman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  voted_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  chairmanship_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  shortly_RR  before_IO  last_DA  week's_NN1$  aldermanic_JJ  elections_NNS  .  
  conservative_JJ  Councillor_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0M_NP  \0E_NP  Graham_NP  seconded_VVD  the_AT1  proposal_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  \0Ald_NNSB1  Burton_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  given_VBN  his_APP$  permission_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  nomination_NN  was_VBDZ  withdrawn_VBN  .  
  conservative_JJ  Councillor_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0I_NP  McCambridge_NP  then_RL  proposed_VVD  \0Coun_NNSB1  Bob_NP  Henderson_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  tories_NNS  voted_VVD  him_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  by_IO  five_MC  votes_NNS  to_IO  three_MC  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  Henderson_NP  will_VM  remain_VV0  chairman_NN  only_RR  for_IO  today's_NP1  meeting_NN  ,_,  as_CS  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  party_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  entitled_VBN  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  chair_NN  of_IO  any_DD  corporation_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  the_AT1  labour_NN  members_NNS  will_VM  arrive_VV0  in_IO  force_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  matters_NNS  right_JJ  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  accuses_VBZ  labour_NN  paper_NN  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Ethel_NP  Chalk_NP  has_VHZ  protested_VBN  vigorously_RR  against_IO    misrepresentation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  Newcastle_NP  labour_NN  record_NN    a_AT1  news_NN  sheet_NN  published_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  elections_NNS  .  
    in_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    the_AT1  socialists_NNS  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  built_VVD  the_AT1  Mary_NP  Magdalen_NP  home_NN1  for_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  home_NN1  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  and_CC  charities_NNS  committee_NN  with_IO  money_NN  left_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  .    
  the_AT1  sentence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  reads_VBZ  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  built_VBN  old_JJ  people's_NN2  homes_NN2  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Mary_NP  Magdalen_NP  homes_NN2  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Chalk_NP  also_RR  complains_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  paper_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  welfare_NN  committee_NN  would_VM  complete_VV0  two_MC  new_JJ  homes_NN2  for_IO  the_AT1  elderly_JJ  during_IO  1961_MC  .  
    I_PPIS1  challenged_VVD  this_DD1  statement_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  week's_NN1$  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  committee_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD    and_CC  the_AT1  chairman_NN  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  neither_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  homes_NN2  would_VM  be_VB0  open_JJ  until_IO  next_DA  year_NN  .    
  comic-strip_JB  Paris_NP  send-off_NN  .  
  smiles_NNS  ,_,  handshake_NN  as_CS  \0K_NP  and_CC  \0K_NP  meet_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  John_NP  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  young_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  today_NN1  shook_VVD  hands_NNS  with_IO  Premier_NNSB1  Nikita_NP  Kruschev_NP  ,_,  wily_JJ  ,_,  experienced_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  bloc_NN  ,_,  in_IO  neutral_JJ  Vienna_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  was_VBDZ  smiling_VBG  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  beaming_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  met_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  Ambassador's_NNSB2  home_NN1  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  grasped_VVD  hands_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nine_MC  stone_NN  steps_NNS  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  residence_NN  door_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  said_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  interpreter_NN  :_:  
    ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  if_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  to_TO  shake_VV0  hands_NNS  again_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  photographers_NNS  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  vigorously_RR  shook_VVD  hands_NNS  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  inside_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  white-walled_JJ  music_NN  room_NN  to_TO  begin_VV0  their_APP$  first_MD  talks_NNS    over_IO  lunch_NN  .  
  cheers_NNS  .  
  as_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  drove_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  ,_,  people_NNS  stood_VVD  and_CC  cheered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  .  
  some_DD  carried_VVD  banners_NNS  reading_VBG  .  
    help_VV0  Berlin_NP  .    
  one_MC1  said_VVD  :_:  
    give_VV0  him_PPHO1  hell_NN  ,_,  Jack_NP  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  drove_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  residence_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  Zil_NP  limousine_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gromyko_NP  ,_,  about_RR  25_MC  minutes_NNS  after_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rusk_NP  .  
  after_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  talks_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  continue_VV0  until_IO  6_MC  \0p.m_RR  round_IO  a_AT1  coffee_NN  table_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  room_NN  furnished_VBN  in_IO  red_NN  and_CC  grey_NN  in_IO  early_JJ  American_JJ  style_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  reached_VVD  the_AT1  residence_NN  earlier_RRR  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  convoy_NN  of_IO  cars_NNS  ,_,  having_VHG  driven_VBN  direct_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  .  
  comic_JJ  strip_NN  .  
  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  comic-strip_JB  mishaps_NNS  frustrated_VVD  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  attempts_NNS  to_TO  leave_VV0  Paris_NP  .  
  eventually_RR  his_APP$  aircraft_NN  took_VVD  off_RP    a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  behind_IO  schedule_NN  .  
  first_RR  the_AT1  car_NN  carrying_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Rusk_NP  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  broke_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  pushed_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  party_NN  was_VBDZ  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  late_JJ  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  airport_NN  .  
  then_RL  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  presidential_JJ  jet_NN  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  taxi_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  runway_NN  another_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  rushed_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  tarmac_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  packet_NN  of_IO  newspapers_NNS  was_VBDZ  also_RR  thrown_VBN  aboard_RP  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  plane's_NN1$  doors_NNS  were_VBDR  again_RR  closed_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  taxied_VVD  off_RP  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  a_AT1  massive_JJ  American_JJ  secret_JJ  service_NN  man_NN  ran_VVD  after_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  gesticulating_VBG  and_CC  shouting_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  stop_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  breathlessly_RR  followed_VBN  by_IO  Providencia_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  coloured_JJ  maid_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  apparently_RR  got_VBN  left_VBN  behind_RP  while_CS  she_PPHO1  searched_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  lost_JJ  suitcase_NN  .  
  the_AT1  maid_NN  .  
  no_RR  sooner_RRR  was_VBDZ  Providencia_NP  on_IO  board_NN  than_CS  yet_RR  another_DD1  late-comer_NN  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  running_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  tarmac_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    Tish_NP  ,_,    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  social_JJ  secretary_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Letitia_NP  Baldridge_NP  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  passengers_NNS  apparently_RR  aboard_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  jet_NN  finally_RR  got_VVD  under_IO  way_NN  for_IO  Vienna_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  cries_NNS  of_IO      goodbye_UH  Jackie_NP    and_CC      goodbye_UH  Madame_NNSB1    as_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  light_JJ  blue_JJ  woollen_JJ  overcoat_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  white_JJ  straw_NN  hat_NN  and_CC  gloves_NNS  ,_,  walked_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  just_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  .  
  with_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  \0M_NP  Debre_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  French_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0M_NNSB1  Maurice_NP  Couve_NP  de_&FW  Murville_NP  ,_,  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Austrian_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Adria_NP  Rotter_NP  .  
  new_JJ  summit_NN  .  
  Mac_NP  and_CC  Kennedy_NP  weigh_VV0  up_RP  chances_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Joseph_NP  Tobin_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  political_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  MacMillan_NP  and_CC  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  today_NN1  considered_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  critical_JJ  steps_NNS  towards_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  summit_NN  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
  with_IO  summit_NN  diplomacy_NN  revived_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  spectacular_JJ  fashion_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  considered_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  four_MC  soon_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  highlight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  east-west_NN1  relations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  talks_NNS  lasted_VVD  for_IO  three_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  surprise_NN  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  scheduled_VBN  to_TO  last_VV0  two_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  extended_VVD  their_APP$  meeting_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  fully_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  tough_JJ  attitude_NN  on_IO  several_DA  major_JJ  questions_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  taking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  tougher_JJ  attitude_NN  on_IO  many_DA  problems_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  on_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  complete_JJ  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  on_IO  the_AT1  west's_NP1  policy_NN  concerning_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  met_VVD  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  study_NN  at_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  arrived_VVD  early_RR  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  surprised_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  staff_NN  by_IO  arriving_VBG  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  early_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  man-to-man_JB  exchanges_NNS  they_PPHS2  also_RR  considered_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  Laos_NP  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO    summitry_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:    does_VBZ  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  vague_JJ  goodwill_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  practical_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  justify_VV0  further_JB  steps_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  road_NN  .    
  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  also_RR  reported_VVD  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  attitude_NN  to_IO  nuclear_JJ  testing_NN  and_CC  disarmament_NN  .  
  all_DB  reports_NNS  are_VBR  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  was_VBDZ  unyielding_JJ  on_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  issues_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  also_RR  questioned_VVD  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  on_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  .  
  this_DD1  meeting_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  crucial_JJ  bearing_NN  on_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  possible_JJ  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  evening_NN  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  and_CC  President_NNSB1  will_VM  issue_VV0  a_AT1  communique_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  talks_NNS  .  
  tonight_NN1  the_AT1  Kennedys_NP2  will_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  for_IO  dinner_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  .  water_NN  guns_NNS  hose_VV0  Berliners_NP2  on_IO  border_NN  .  
  \0U.S_NP  troops_NNS  threatened_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  incident_NN  .  
  East_NP  German_JJ  police_NNS  to-day_NN1  shot_VVD  streams_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  at_IO  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  standing_VBG  within_IO  100_MC  \0yds_NNU2  of_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  police_NNS  reported_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  interior_JJ  ministry_NN  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  told_VVD  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  to_TO  keep_VV0  100_MC  \0yds_NNU2  from_IO  the_AT1  borders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  western_JJ  commandants_NNS  ,_,  ordering_VBG  allied_JJ  troops_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  described_VVD  this_DD1  as_IO    effrontery_NN  .    
  in_IO  another_DD1  incident_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  police_NNS  officer_NN  to-day_NN1  called_VVD  on_IO  American_JJ  soldiers_NNS  standing_VBG  just_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  sector_NN  border_NN  demarcation_NN  line_NN  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  Americans_NP2  did_VDD  not_XX  move_VV0  a_AT1  water_NN  cannon_NN  lorry_NN  drove_VVD  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  side_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  news_NN  agency_NN  reported_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  after_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  the_AT1  water_NN  hose_NN  was_VBDZ  withdrawn_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  still_RR  in_IO  position_NN  .  
  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  police_NNS  last_DA  night_NN  threw_VVD  several_DA  tear_NN  gas_NN  grenades_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  40_MC  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  listening_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  loudspeaker_NN  van_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  drawn_VBN  up_RP  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  to_TO  broadcast_VV0  news_NN  .  
  winds_NNS  blew_VVD  the_AT1  tear_NN  gas_NN  back_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  and_CC  someone_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  threw_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  grenades_NNS  back_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  police_NNS  spokesman_NN  said_VVD  .  
    showing_VBG  flag_NN    .  
  meanwhile_RR  British_JJ  ,_,  American_JJ  and_CC  French_JJ  troops_NNS  ,_,  backed_VBN  by_IO  tanks_NNS  ,_,  to-day_NN1  stood_VVD  guard_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  dividing_JJ  line_NN  .  
  the_AT1  troops_NNS  took_VVD  station_NN  yesterday_NN1  along_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  sector_NN  boundary_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  government_NN  introduced_VVD  stringent_JJ  new_JJ  regulations_NNS  for_IO  passage_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  they_PPHS2  remained_VVD  on_IO  guard_NN  all_DB  night_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to-day_NN1  British_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  tanks_NNS  and_CC  armoured_JJ  cars_NNS  ,_,  took_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  second_MD    show-the-flag_JB    exercise_NN  in_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  and_CC  Swedish_JJ  consulates_NNS  in_IO  Berlin_NP  said_VVD  to-day_NN1  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  received_VBN  reports_NNS  that_CS  foreign_JJ  residents_NNS  in_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  were_VBDR  having_VHG  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  territory_NN  .  
  in_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  ,_,  foreign_JJ  ministry_NN  officials_NNS  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  not_XX  heard_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  new_JJ  regulations_NNS  banning_VBG  foreigners_NNS  from_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  offices_NNS  shut_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  offices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  travel_NN  agency_NN  were_VBDR  opened_VBN  in_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  to-day_NN1    because_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  city_NN  government_NN  refused_VVD  permission_NN  ,_,    an_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  railway_NN  official_NN  said_VVD  .  
  Moscow_NP  radio_NN  said_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  English-language_JB  broadcast_NN  beamed_VBN  at_IO  Britain_NP  that_CS      Whitehall_NP  is_VBZ  playing_VBG  a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  game_NN  with_IO  fire_NN  across_IO  a_AT1  powder_NN  magazine_NN    over_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  issue_NN  .  
    such_DA  deeds_NNS  are_VBR  fraught_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  catastrophe_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Britain_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  involved_VBN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  broadcast_NN  .  
  threat_NN  to_IO  air_NN  corridor_NN    serious_JJ    .  
  Britain_NP  would_VM  regard_VV0  any_DD  threat_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  communications_NNS  with_IO  Berlin_NP  as_IO    an_AT1  extremely_RR  serious_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  spokesman_NN  in_IO  London_NP  to-day_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  asked_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  air_NN  corridors_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Soviet_NP  note_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  situation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  make_VV0  any_DD  official_JJ  comment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  note_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  references_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  corridors_NNS  introduces_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  element_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  ,_,  writes_VBZ  a_AT1  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  being_VBG  studied_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  note_NN  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  to-day_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  embassy_NN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  similar_JJ  notes_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  delivered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  French_JJ  governments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  studied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  western_JJ  powers_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ambassadorial_JJ  steering_JJ  group_NN  in_IO  Washington_NP  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  Britain_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  ,_,  France_NP  and_CC  West_NP  Germany_NP  are_VBR  represented_VBN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  news_NN  agency_NN  Tass_NP    quoted_VBN  by_IO  Reuter_NP    the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  have_VH0  protested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  notes_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  corridors_NNS  to_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  for_IO    subversive_JJ  and_CC  revenge-seeking_JJ  aims_NNS  of_IO  West_NP  German_JJ  militarists_NNS  .    
    provocative_JJ    .  
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  demanded_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  western_JJ  powers_NNS  take_VV0    immediate_JJ  measures_NNS  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  unlawful_JJ  and_CC  provocative_JJ  activities_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  also_RR  said_VVD  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN    a_AT1  flagrant_JJ  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  reached_VBN  in_IO  1945_MC  under_IO  which_DDQ  air_NN  corridors_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  aside_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  western_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  basis_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  military_JJ  garrisons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  for_IO  subversive_JJ  and_CC  revanchist_NN  purposes_NNS  of_IO  West_NP  German_JJ  militarism_NN  .    
  Russia_NP  insisted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  western_JJ  powers_NNS    take_VV0  immediate_JJ  measures_NNS  to_TO  put_VV0  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  unlawful_JJ  and_CC  provocative_JJ  actions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  German_JJ  republic_NN  in_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .    
  row_VV0  flares_VBZ  at_IO  Berlin_NP  station_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Premier_NNSB1  optimistic_JJ  .  
  tension_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  soared_VVD  again_RR  to-day_NN1  with_IO  angry_JJ  protests_NNS  over_IO  travel_NN  restrictions_NNS  imposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  Germans_NP2  and_CC  a_AT1  threat_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  of_IO    necessary_JJ  action_NN  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  brighter_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  gave_VVD  an_AT1  impromptu_JJ  news_NN  conference_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Gleneagles_NP  golf_NN  course_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  no-one_PN1  would_VM  fight_VV0  over_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  was_VBDZ  quoted_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  restriction_NN  which_DDQ  caused_VVD  to-day's_NP1  trouble_NN  concerned_VVD  the_AT1  issuing_NN  of_IO  permits_NNS  for_IO  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  wishing_VBG  to_TO  travel_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  overhead_JB  railway_NN  .  
  the_AT1  western_JJ  Commandants_NNSB2  authorised_VVD  the_AT1  city_NN  government_NN  to_TO  take_VV0    necessary_JJ  action_NN    against_IO  the_AT1  issuing_NN  of_IO  permits_NNS  .  
  angry_JJ  west_NN1  Berliners_NP2  ,_,  shouting_VBG  ,_,      get_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  you_PPY  pigs_NNS  ,_,    gathered_VVD  outside_IO  the_AT1  Zoo_NP  railway_NN  station_NN  to-day_NN1  after_CS  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  officials_NNS  who_PNQS run_VV0  it_PPH1  started_VVD  issuing_VBG  permits_NNS  .  
  six_MC  policemen_NNS  kept_VVD  the_AT1  crowd_NN  of_IO  50_MC  to_IO  60_MC  people_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  woman_NN  who_PNQS went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  ticket_NN  window_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  an_AT1  application_NN  form_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  permit_NN  was_VBDZ  spat_VBN  on_IO  by_IO  a_AT1  fellow_JB  west_NN1  Berliner_NN1  .  
  offices_NNS  shut_VBN  .  
  finally_RR  the_AT1  office_NN  was_VBDZ  shut_VBN  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  a_AT1  similar_JJ  office_NN  at_IO  Westkureuz_NP  Station_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  Commandant_NNSB1  in_IO  Berlin_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  an_AT1  oral_JJ  protest_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  Soviet_NP  counterpart_NN    concerning_IO  the_AT1  illegal_JJ  regulations_NNS  issued_VBN  by_IO  East_NP  German_JJ  authorities_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  days_NNS  and_CC  incidents_NNS  arising_VBG  therefrom_RR  .    
  the_AT1  1st_MD  battalion_NN  the_AT1  Welch_NP  regiment_NN  increased_VVD  patrols_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  sector_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  East_NP  Germany_NP  to-day_NN1  to_TO  counter_VV0  increased_JJ  East_NP  German_JJ  activity_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  holidaying_VBG  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  spoke_VVD  to_IO  reporters_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  fairway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  golf_NN  course_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  :_:  
    Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  careful_JJ  about_IO    that_CS  nobody_PN1  does_VBZ  anything_PN1  foolish_JJ  .  
    risk_NN  of_IO  folly_NN    .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  much_DA  more_DA  danger_NN  of_IO  war_NN  if_CS  weapons_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  so_RG  destructive_JJ  .  
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  war_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  much_DA  fun_NN  for_IO  anybody_PN1  .  
    but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  folly_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  is_VBZ  very_RG  worrying_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  more_DA  .    
  to-morrow_NN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  situation_NN  with_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  at_IO  Gleneagles_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  learned_VBN  to-day_NN1  that_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  will_VM  afterwards_RR  go_VV0  to_TO  stay_VV0  privately_RR  with_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Elizabeth_NP  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  Mother_NNSB1  at_IO  Birkhall_NP  .  
  in_IO  Copenhagen_NP  ,_,  Drew_NP  Pearson_NP  ,_,  syndicated_VVD  American_JJ  newspaper_NN  columnist_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  western_JJ  leaders_NNS    as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .    
    strongest_JJT  protest_NN    over_IO  Caldon_NP  canal_NN  closure_NN  plan_NN  .  
  urgent_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  Cheadle_NP  \0R.D.C_NP  .  
  Cheadle_NP  rural_JJ  council's_NN1$  town_NN  planning_NN  and_CC  plans_NNS  committee_NN  decided_VVD  yesterday_NN1  to_TO  protest_VV0    in_IO  the_AT1  strongest_JJT  possible_JJ  terms_NNS    against_IO  the_AT1  proposal_NN  to_TO  close_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caldon_NP  Canal_NNL1  between_IO  Hazelhurst_NP  New_NP  Locks_NPLS  and_CC  Froghall_NP  .  
  later_RRR  the_AT1  full_JJ  council_NN  endorsed_VVD  this_DD1  step_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  urgency_NN  .    
  at_IO  their_APP$  last_DA  meeting_NN  the_AT1  committee_NN  were_VBDR  told_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  deputy_NN  area_NN  planning_NN  Officer_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0B_NP  Skelland_NP  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  planned_VBN  eventually_RR  to_TO    reintegrate_VV0    that_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  adjoining_JJ  land_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  the_AT1  committee_NN  were_VBDR  informed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  proposal_NN  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  canal_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  transport_NN  commission_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  waterways_NNS  redevelopment_NN  advisory_JJ  committee_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  inland_JB  waterways_NNS  protection_NN  society_NN  told_VVD  the_AT1  committee_NN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  threatened_JJ  canal_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  carried_VVD  out_RP  an_AT1  inspection_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  yard_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  waterway_NN  and_CC  eventually_RR  submitted_VVD  a_AT1  scheme_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  redevelopment_NN  committee_NN  showing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  canal_NN  under_IO  review_NN  could_VM  ,_,  if_CS  properly_RR  managed_VBN  ,_,  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  .  
  claiming_VBG  that_CS  their_APP$  schemes_NNS  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  ignored_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  society_NN  maintained_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  details_NNS  concerning_IO  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caldon_NP  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Trent_NP  and_CC  Mersey_NP  Canal_NNL1  were_VBDR  worked_VBN  out_RP  years_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  were_VBDR  one_MC1  further_JB  step_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1    elimination_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  waterways_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  society_NN  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  capital_NN  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caldon_NP  Canal_NNL1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  *+20_NNU  millions_MC2  .  
    alarmed_JJ    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  reported_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  youth_NN  scheme_NN  and_CC  Kingsley_NP  and_CC  Ipstones_NP  parish_NN  council_NN  were_VBDR  unanimously_RR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  closure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Froghall_NP  firm_NN  of_IO  Thomas_NP  Bolton_NP  and_CC  Sons_NNSB2  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR    alarmed_JJ    at_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  being_VBG  closed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  water-feed_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  works_NN  would_VM  have_VH0    extremely_RR  serious_JJ  consequences_NNS    and_CC  might_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  much_DA  plant_NN  unless_CS  satisfactory_JJ  alternatives_NNS  were_VBDR  provided_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  firm_NN  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  closure_NN  ,_,  \0W_NP  Podmore_NP  and_CC  Sons_NNSB2  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  Shelton_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  a_AT1  factory_NN  at_IO  Consall_NP  ,_,  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  any_DD  extraction_NN  of_IO  water_NN  would_VM  seriously_RR  affect_VV0  their_APP$  interests_NNS  .  
  Brittains_NP2  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  Cheddleton_NP  paper_NN  mills_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  their_APP$  own_DA  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  had_VHD  diminished_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  came_VVD  for_IO  disposal_NN  of_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  portion_NN  which_DDQ  lay_VVD  alongside_IO  their_APP$  factory_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Aberley_NP  ,_,  recommended_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  should_VM  protest_VV0  most_RG  strongly_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  closure_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  piped_JJ  water_NN  supply_NN  to_IO  factories_NNS  .  
    lifeblood_NN    .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  \0P_NP  Brindley_NP  suggested_VVD  that_CS  firms_NNS  taking_VBG  water_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  contribute_VV0  towards_IO  its_APP$  upkeep_NN  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  thinking_VBG  of_IO  closing_VBG  the_AT1  canal_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  steps_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  if_CS  the_AT1  silt_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  canal_NN  restored_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  full_JJ  industrial_JJ  use_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  railway_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  closed_VBN  to_IO  passenger_NN  traffic_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0R_NP  Ford_NP  commented_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  this_DD1  country_NN  spent_VVD  a_AT1  bit_NN  more_DA  money_NN  on_IO  canals_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  lifeblood_NN  of_IO  some_DD  countries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  can_VM  still_RR  do_VD0  a_AT1  lot_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  money_NN  for_IO    reintegrating_VBG    the_AT1  canal_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  adjoining_JJ  land_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  spent_VBN  in_IO  cleaning_VBG  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  making_VBG  it_PPH1  usable_JJ  again_RR  .    
  Berlin_NP  puts_VBZ  blanket_NN  on_IO  bomb_NN  talks_NNS  .  
  British_JJ  effort_NN  at_IO  Geneva_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Ormsby-Gore_NP  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  delegation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  conference_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  banning_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  started_VVD  to-day_NN1  ,_,  said_VVD  before_IO  leaving_VBG  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  very_RG  optimistic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  climate_NN  .    
  former_DA  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  real_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  moving_VBG  again_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  negotiations_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  his_APP$  last_DA  attendance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  before_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  fresh_JJ  post_NN  as_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  Ambassador_NNSB1  in_IO  Washington_NP  in_IO  October_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ormsby-Gore_NP  ,_,  asked_VBN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hopeful_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  being_VBG  found_VBN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  political_JJ  atmosphere_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  conducive_JJ  to_IO  progress_NN  in_IO  any_DD  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  say_VV0  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  eliminated_VBN  any_DD  hope_NN  of_IO  settlement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  clearly_RR  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  do_VD0  not_XX  appear_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  reaching_VBG  any_DD  agreements_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .    
  deadlock_NN  .  
  asked_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  deadlock_NN  was_VBDZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  instructions_NNS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Tsarapkin_NP  (_(  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  delegate_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  back_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  from_IO  Moscow_NP  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  west_NN1  were_VBDR  making_VBG  yet_RR  another_DD1  determined_JJ  bid_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  test_NN  ban_NN  treaty_NN  with_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  delegation_NN  ,_,  led_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Dean_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  under_IO  instructions_NNS  from_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  agreement_NN  with_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  talks_NNS  began_VVD  three_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  deadlocked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  five_MC  months_NNS  .  
  diplomatic_JJ  observers_NNS  said_VVD  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  obstacle_NN  to_IO  agreement_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Soviet_NP    troika_NN    proposal_NN  ,_,  demanding_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  international_JJ  control_NN  organisation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM    police_VV0    a_AT1  test_NN  ban_NN  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  headed_VBN  by_IO  three_MC  administrators_NNS    one_MC1  each_DD1  from_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  ,_,  western_JJ  and_CC  neutral_JJ  groups_NNS    instead_RR  of_IO  one_MC1  .  
  Castro_NP  urges_VBZ  Brazilians_NP2  :_:  
    rise_VV0  and_CC  fight_VV0  old_JJ  guard_NN    .  
  fears_VBZ  attack_NN  on_IO  Cuban_JJ  government_NN  .  
  with_IO  events_NNS  in_IO  Brazil_NP  leading_VBG  to_IO  fears_NNS  of_IO  anarchy_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Fidel_NP  Castro_NP  to-day_NN1  urged_VVD  the_AT1  country_NN  to_TO    make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  Cuba_NP  and_CC  hurl_VV0  itself_PPX1  into_IO  battle_NN  .    \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  becomes_VBZ  Huddersfield's_PPIO2  61st_MD  Mayor_NNSB1  .  
  a_AT1  momentous_JJ  year_NN  in_IO  prospect_NN  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  France_NP  Brook_NP  became_VVD  Huddersfield's_PPIO2  sixty-first_MD  Mayor_NNSB1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  also_RR  elected_VBN  an_AT1  alderman_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Brook_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  liberal_JJ  representative_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Birkby_NP  ward_NN  since_IO  1944_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  directors_NNS  and_CC  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  of_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  \0H_NP  \0F_NP  Brook_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  woollen_JJ  merchants_NNS  and_CC  clothiers_NNS  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Huddersfield_NP  .  
  his_APP$  daughter_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jean_NP  \0W_NP  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  new_JJ  Mayoress_NNSB1  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  1,500_MC  flowers_NNS  and_CC  potted_JJ  plants_NNS  ,_,  delicately_RR  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  parks_NNS  department_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  provided_VVD  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  background_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  ceremony_NN  .  
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  retiring_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  presided_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  ceremony_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Day_NP  are_VBR  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  deputy_NN  Mayor_NNSB1  and_CC  Mayoress_NNSB1  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  Hazelden_NP  ,_,  moving_VBG  the_AT1  resolution_NN  to_TO  elect_VV0  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Brook_NP  has_VHZ  for_IO  scores_NNS  of_IO  years_NNS  been_VBN  associated_VBN  with_IO  Huddersfield_NP  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  nearly_RR  the_AT1  lifetime_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  borough_NN  since_IO  its_APP$  incorporation_NN  1868_MC  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  Brook_NP  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  council_NN  .  
    our_APP$  new_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  fifth_MD  of_IO  that_DD1  name_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  Huddersfield_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  Brook_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  old_JJ  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  name_NN    and_CC  one_MC1  with_IO  two_MC  meanings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  meaning_NN    that_DD1  of_IO    stream_NN      was_VBDZ  appropriate_JJ  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Brooks_NP2  who_PNQS had_VHD  served_VBN  the_AT1  council_NN  today_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  meaning_NN      to_TO  suffer_VV0  insult_NN  or_CC  injury_NN      would_VM  ,_,  they_PPHS2  all_DB  sincerely_RR  hoped_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mayor-elect_NNSB1  !_!  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  began_VVD  his_APP$  education_NN  in_IO  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  schools_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  his_APP$  interests_NNS  had_VHD  covered_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  wide_JJ  field_NN    he_PPHO1  (_(  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  )_)  understood_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  sport_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  had_VHD  shown_VBN  considerable_JJ  ability_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  footballer_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cricketer_NN  and_CC  ,_,  more_RG  latterly_RR  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  bowler_NN  .  
  his_APP$  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  service_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  outstanding_JJ  in_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  respect_NN  .  
    among_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  committees_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  member_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  sincerity_NN  and_CC  purpose_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  lacking_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  degree_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  committees_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  served_VVD    including_IO  the_AT1  children's_NN2  committee_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  watch_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mental_JJ  health_NN  sub-committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  committee_NN  .  
  desire_NN  to_TO    play_VV0  the_AT1  game_NN    .  
    all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   know_VV0  the_AT1  remarks_NNS  made_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  watch_NN  committee_NN    and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  always_RR  too_RG  kind_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  .  
    the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  law_NN  and_CC  order_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  very_RG  popular_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  still_RR  very_RG  essential_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chairman_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  administration_NN  not_XX  only_RR  locally_RR  but_CCB  nationally_RR  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  of_IO  municipal_JJ  corporations_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  representative_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  training_NN  college_NN  board_NN  .    
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  saw_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  certain_JJ  minimum_JJ  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  conformed_VBN  with_IO  and_CC  no-one_PN1  could_VM  deny_VV0  his_APP$  fairness_NN  .  
    his_APP$  views_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  not_XX  accepted_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  earnest_JJ  desire_NN    be_VB0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  civic_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  sport_NN    to_TO    play_VV0  the_AT1  game_NN  .      
  the_AT1  new_JJ  civic_JJ  year_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  momentous_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  Huddersfield_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    new_JJ  Huddersfield_NP    would_VM  be_VB0  laid_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  before_II  had_VHD  such_DA  tremendous_JJ  innovations_NNS  and_CC  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  been_VBN  contemplated_VBN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  were_VBDR  the_AT1  council_NN  there_RL  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  in_IO  Huddersfield's_PPIO2  long_JJ  history_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  honour_VV0  their_APP$  new_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  with_IO  an_AT1  aldermanic_JJ  seat_NN  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden_NP  recalled_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  1873_MC  ,_,  when_CS \0Clr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Brook_NP  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  too_RR  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  an_AT1  alderman_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hazelden's_PPIO2  election_NN  motion_NN  was_VBDZ  supported_VBN  by_IO  \0Clrs_NNSB2  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Townsend_NP  and_CC  \0C_NP  \0C_NP  Hoyle_NP  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Townsend_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  people_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  that_CS  men_NNS  of_IO  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook's_PPIO2  calibre_NN  and_CC  business_NN  acumen_NN  gave_VVD  their_APP$  services_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  severe_JJ  test_NN  of_IO  stamina_NN  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Hoyle_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  Mayor's_NNSB2  life_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  severe_JJ  test_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  and_CC  moral_JJ  stamina_NN  .  
  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  office_NN  was_VBDZ  filled_VBN  to_IO  capacity_NN  with_IO  deputations_NNS  ,_,  speeches_NNS  ,_,  receptions_NNS  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  duties_NNS    including_IO  about_RR  700_MC  meetings_NNS  concerned_VBN  with_IO  council_NN  affairs_NNS  .  
  notwithstanding_IO  this_DD1  terrific_JJ  strain_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Mayors_NNSB2  impressed_VVD  everyone_PN1  not_XX  only_RR  by_IO  their_APP$  ability_NN  but_CCB  by_IO  their_APP$  strength_NN  of_IO  character_NN  and_CC  sincerity_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  possessed_VVD  those_DD2  qualities_NNS  in_IO  high_JJ  degree_NN  .  
    here_RL  is_VBZ  someone_PN1  whose_PNQV$  friendship_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  possession_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  cherished_VBN  ,_,    \0Clr_NNSB1  Hoyle_NP  added_VVD  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  meeting_NN  attired_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mayoral_JJ  robes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  oath_NN  of_IO  office_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  thanked_VVD  the_AT1  council_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  accorded_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  proud_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  town_NN    a_AT1  town_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  great_JJ  affection_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  proud_JJ  of_IO  Huddersfield's_PPIO2  name_NN  in_IO  municipal_JJ  government_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  who_PNQS serve_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  have_VH0  our_APP$  critics_NNS  ,_,    \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  continued_VVD  .  
    while_CS  criticism_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  constructive_JJ  kind_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  little_DA  patience_NN  with_IO  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS praises_VBZ  with_IO  enthusiastic_JJ  tone_NN  all_DB  centuries_NNS  but_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  town_NN  but_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .    
  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  their_APP$  political_JJ  views_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  animated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  Huddersfield_NP  worthy_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  citizens_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  of_IO  everyone_PN1  entering_VBG  local_JJ  government_NN    not_XX  least_RBT  a_AT1  mayor_NN    that_CS  he_PPHO1  or_CC  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  a_AT1  visionary_NN  .  
  more_RG  delectable_JJ  place_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  Huddersfield_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  not-too-distant_JB  future_NN  when_CS the_AT1  great_JJ  schemes_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  already_RR  nearing_VBG  completion_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  fruition_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  continued_VVD  .  
    Huddersfield_NP  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  delectable_JJ  place_NN  .    
  after_IO  listing_VBG  the_AT1  various_JJ  developments_NNS  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  said_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  these_DD2  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  schemes_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  cost_NN  and_CC  some_DD  inconvenience_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  public_NN  into_IO  their_APP$  confidence_NN  and_CC  seek_VV0  their_APP$  support_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  latest_JJT  efforts_NNS  in_IO  municipal_JJ  enterprise_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  functions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  that_CS  a_AT1  task_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  efficiently_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  sympathetically_RR  .  
  impersonality_NN  and_CC  coldness_NN  would_VM  alienate_VV0  and_CC  repel_VV0  ,_,  however_CS impressive_JJ  the_AT1  achievement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  however_CS faultless_JJ  the_AT1  organisation_NN  .  
  speaking_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  daughter_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  undertaking_VBG  the_AT1  duties_NNS  of_IO  Mayoress_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  seek_VV0  to_TO  combine_VV0  her_APP$  official_JJ  duties_NNS  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  run_VV0  a_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  young_JJ  family_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  demands_NNS  made_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  during_IO  working_NN  hours_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  too_RG  great_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  confidence_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  reposed_VBN  in_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  trust_VV0  that_CS  when_CS ,_,  a_AT1  year_NN  hence_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  time_NN  comes_VBZ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  surrender_VV0  my_APP$  regalia_NNS  of_IO  office_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  pass_VV0  it_PPH1  on_RP  unsullied_JJ  to_IO  my_APP$  successor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  feel_VV0  that_CS  that_DD1  confidence_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  misplaced_VBN  .    
  put_VV0  Huddersfield_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  .  
  a_AT1  vote_NN  of_IO  thanks_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  retiring_JJ  Mayor_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  proposed_VBN  by_IO  \0Clr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0L_NP  Thackray_NP  and_CC  supported_VBN  by_IO  \0Clrs_NNSB2  \0D_NP  Sisson_NP  and_CC  \0B_NP  \0M_NP  Schofield_NP  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Thackray_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  their_APP$  warmest_JJT  thanks_NNS  were_VBDR  due_JJ  to_IO  \0Ald_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Day_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  spared_VBN  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  their_APP$  duties_NNS  .  
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  had_VHD  lost_VBN  no_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO    selling_VBG  Huddersfield_NP    on_IO  official_JJ  visits_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  Huddersfield_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  with_IO  dignity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  always_RR  remained_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  likeable_JJ  person_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  presided_VBN  efficiently_RR  over_IO  council_NN  meetings_NNS  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Sisson_NP  spoke_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  fine_JJ  co-operation_NN  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  from_IO  his_APP$  employers_NNS  ,_,  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Thomas_NP  Broadbent_NP  and_CC  Sons_NNSB2  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  engineers_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  enabled_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  perform_VV0  all_DB  his_APP$  mayoral_JJ  duties_NNS  .  
  \0Clr_NNSB1  Schofield_NP  remarked_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  served_VBN  under_IO  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day's_PPIO2  chairmanship_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  markets_NNS  and_CC  fairs_NNS  committee_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  (_(  \0Clr_NNSB1  Schofield_NP  )_)  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  praised_VVD  the_AT1  valuable_JJ  work_NN  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  had_VHD  done_VBN  during_IO  his_APP$  long_JJ  association_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  committee_NN  .  
  people_NNS    made_VVD  us_PPIO2   feel_VV0  at_IO  home_NN1    .  
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  reply_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  retiring_JJ  Mayoress_NNSB1  had_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  feeling_NN  during_IO  their_APP$  period_NN  of_IO  office_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1    large_JJ  and_CC  united_JJ  family_NN  .    
    the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Huddersfield_NP  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  ages_NNS  ,_,  classes_NNS  ,_,  creeds_NNS  and_CC  colour_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  made_VBN  us_PPIO2   feel_VV0  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  welcome_JJ  on_IO  all_DB  occasions_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  look_VV0  back_RP  with_IO  very_RG  happy_JJ  memories_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  passing_VBG  .    
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  recalled_VVD  that_CS  twelve_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  he_PPHO1  expressed_VVD  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  during_IO  his_APP$  mayoralty_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  property_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  demolished_VBN  and_CC  derelict_JJ  sites_NNS  made_VBN  more_RG  presentable_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  venture_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  since_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  there_EX  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  more_DA  buildings_NNS  pulled_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  put_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  year_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  lifetime_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  can_VM  truly_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  Huddersfield_NP  is_VBZ  experiencing_VBG  the_AT1  biggest_JJT    face-lift_NN    in_IO  its_APP$  history_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  boom_NN  in_IO  new_JJ  buildings_NNS  and_CC  road_NN  construction_NN  indicates_VBZ    full_JJ  steam_NN  ahead_RR    for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  .    
  \0Ald_NNSB1  Day_NP  paid_VVD  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mayoress_NNSB1  for_IO  her_APP$  support_NN  and_CC  also_RR  thanked_VVD  the_AT1  deputy_NN  Mayor_NNSB1  and_CC  Mayoress_NNSB1  (_(  \0Clr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Lawton_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  town_NN  clerk_NN  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Bann_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  Mayor's_NNSB2  Secretary_NNSB1  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Stoney_NP  )_)  and_CC  other_DA  corporation_NN  officials_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  assistance_NN  .  
  disagreement_NN  over_IO  election_NN  of_IO  two_MC  aldermen_NNS  .  
  labour_NN  protest_NN  by_IO  not_XX  voting_VBG  .  
  labour_NN  councillors_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  afternoon's_NN1$  meeting_NN  of_IO  Huddersfield_NP  town_NN  council_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  beforehand_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  abstain_VV0  from_IO  voting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elevation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  aldermanic_JJ  bench_NN  of_IO  two_MC  former_DA  members_NNS  defeated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  polls_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  municipal_JJ  elections_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  defeated_JJ  councillors_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  elections_NNS    \0Mr_NNSB1  Clifford_NP  Stephenson_NP  (_(  \0Lib_NN  )_)  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0W_NP  Fielding_NP  (_(  \0Con_NN  )_)    had_VHD  been_VBN  nominated_VBN  as_IO  new_JJ  aldermen_NNS  to_TO  fill_VV0  the_AT1  places_NNS  of_IO  \0Ald_NNSB1  \0C_NP  Hickson_NP  and_CC  \0Ald_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0E_NP  Tomlinson_NP  (_(  retiring_VBG  )_)  and_CC  a_AT1  seat_NN  vacated_VBN  by_IO  labour_NN  .  
  Aldermen_NNSB2  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  \0C_NP  Cole_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  \0T_NP  Gee_NP  ,_,  \0H_NP  \0A_NP  Bennie_NP  Gray_NP  ,_,  \0N_NP  Day_NP  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0M_NP  \0L_NP  Middlebrook_NP  Haigh_NP  were_VBDR  being_VBG  nominated_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  term_NN  of_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  elevation_NN  of_IO  \0Clr_NNSB1  Brook_NP  creates_VBZ  a_AT1  by-election_NN  in_IO  Birkby_NP  ward_NN  .  
  news_NN  of_IO  labour's_NN1$  abstention_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO    the_AT1  examiner_NN    by_IO  \0Clr_NNSB1  Reginald_NP  Hartley_NP  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  before_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  aldermanic_JJ  proposals_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  not_XX  support_VV0  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Stephenson_NP  and_CC  Fielding_NP  .  
    opposed_VBN  in_IO  principle_NN    .  
  the_AT1  statement_NN  read_VVD  :_:  *"_*'  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  are_VBR  opposed_VBN  in_IO  principle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  persons_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  alderman_NN  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  elected_JJ  representatives_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  fully_RR  appreciate_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  elections_NNS  are_VBR  legally_RR  admissible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  such_DA  elections_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  by_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  in_IO  various_JJ  towns_NNS  and_CC  cities_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  contrary_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  democratic_JJ  principles_NNS  to_TO  elect_VV0  people_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  alderman_NN  ,_,  enabling_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  equal_JJ  rights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  town_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  persons_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  democratically_RR  elected_VBN  as_IO  councillors_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  votes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  every_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  principle_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  ,_,  by_IO  signed_JJ  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  concerning_IO  the_AT1  filling_NN  of_IO  aldermanic_JJ  vacancies_NNS  ,_,  such_DA  vacancies_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  filled_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  elected_JJ  representatives_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  proportion_NN  to_IO  party_NN  strength_NN    the_AT1  exception_NN  being_VBG  that_CS  when_CS ,_,  for_IO  some_DD  special_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  nomination_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  from_IO  outside_IO  elected_JJ  representatives_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  should_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  agreement_NN  among_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  refrain_VV0    .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  feel_VV0  that_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  nominations_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  both_DB2  liberal_JJ  and_CC  conservative_JJ  parties_NNS  have_VH0  violated_VBN  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  such_DA  agreement_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  democratic_JJ  election_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  therefore_RR  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  we_PPIS2  intend_VV0  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nominees_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  and_CC  conservative_JJ  parties_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  members_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  election_NN  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  refrain_VV0  from_IO  supporting_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  nominees_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  members_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  authority_NN  .  
  Trujillo_NP  :_:  a_AT1  suspect_NN  and_CC  priest_NN  held_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Dominican_JJ  government_NN  announced_VVD  today_NN1  it_PPH1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  into_IO  custody_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  suspected_JJ  killers_NNS  of_IO  Generalissimo_NNSB1  Rafael_NP  Trujillo_NP  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  priest_NN  accused_VBN  of_IO  harbouring_VBG  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  suspect_NN  was_VBDZ  identified_VBN  as_IO  Huascar_NP  Tejeda_NP  Reina_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  alleged_JJ  protector_NN  as_IO  Father_NNSB1  Gabriel_NP  Maduro_NP  .  
  still_RR  at_RR  large_RR  are_VBR  \0Gen_NNSB1  Juan_NP  Diaz_NP  ,_,  retired_VBN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  chief_JB  assassin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  four_MC  alleged_JJ  accomplices_NNS    his_APP$  brothers_NNS  Rafel_NP  and_CC  Antonio_NP  and_CC  two_MC  friends_NNS  ,_,  Amado_NP  Garcia_NP  Guerrero_NP  and_CC  Pedro_NP  Lirio_NP  Sedeno_NP  .  
  police_NNS  said_VVD  Tejeda_NP  admitted_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  priest's_NN1$  house_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  killing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  denied_VVD  any_DD  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  Maduro_NP  has_VHZ  denied_VBN  harbouring_VBG  Tejeda_NP  .  
  the_AT1  arrests_NNS  were_VBDR  announced_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  after_CS  Trujillo's_PPIO2  son_NN  ,_,  \0Gen_NNSB1  Rafael_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  taken_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  reins_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  his_APP$  father_NN  held_VBN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  30_MC  years_NNS  .  
  \0U.S_NP  will_VM  oppose_VV0  aggression_NN    Kennedy_NP  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  Paris_NP  today_NN1  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  oppose_VV0  any_DD  aggression_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  its_APP$  strength_NN  and_CC  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  strength_NN  needed_VBN  to_TO  resist_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  Soviet_NP  development_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  ballistic_JJ  missiles_NNS  and_CC  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  had_VHD  made_VBN  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  vulnerable_JJ  .  
    all_DB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  modified_VBN  the_AT1  very_DA  conception_NN  of_IO  defence_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  made_VBN  this_DD1  defence_NN  indivisible_JJ  ,_,  Washington_NP  is_VBZ  today_NN1  closer_JJ  to_IO  Moscow_NP  than_CS  any_DD  city_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .    
  Berlin_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  Berlin_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  discuss_VV0  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  in_IO  Vienna_NP  this_DD1  weekend_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  and_CC  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  were_VBDR  agreed_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  desirable_JJ  that_CS  force_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  settle_VV0  this_DD1  problem_NN  .  
  his_APP$  meeting_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  allies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  associates_NNS  .  
  Laos_NP  .  
  on_IO  Laos_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  would_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Laos_NP  conference_NN  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  hope_NN  of_IO  reaching_VBG  a_AT1  solution_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  left_VVD  Bratislava_NP  today_NN1  by_IO  train_NN  for_IO  Vienna_NP  for_IO  his_APP$  meeting_NN  with_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  .  
  Mac_NP  puts_VBZ  accent_NN  on_IO  youth_NN  in_IO    team_NN    reshuffle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  now_RL  almost_RR  completed_VBN  plans_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  reshuffle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ranks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN    and_CC  promotions_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  younger_JJ  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  are_VBR  confidently_RR  expected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  changes_NNS  follow_VV0  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Ormesby-Gore_NP  as_IO  British_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  in_IO  Washington_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ormesby-Gore_NP  has_VHZ  now_RL  resigned_VBN  as_IO  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  while_CS  another_DD1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  reshuffle_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  colonies_NNS    the_AT1  first_MD  Minister_NNSB1  for_IO  technical_JJ  co-operation_NN  .  
    plum_NN    jobs_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  these_DD2  posts_NNS    at_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  ministry_NN    are_VBR    plum_NN    jobs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  decided_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  appointments_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Boyle_NP  ,_,  financial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  favoured_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  technical_JJ  co-operation_NN  ministry_NN  .  
  \0K_NP  meets_VBZ  \0K_NP  round_IO  a_AT1  coffee_NN  table_NN  in_IO  Vienna_NP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  most_RG  powerful_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  met_VBN  round_IO  a_AT1  coffee_NN  table_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  cosily-furnished_JB  Vienna_NP  music_NN  room_NN  today_NN1  for_IO  talks_NNS  on_IO  east-west_NN1  issues_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  shape_VV0  the_AT1  destinies_NNS  of_IO  millions_MC2  of_IO  people_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  John_NP  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  44_MC  last_DA  Monday_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  power_NN  only_RR  four_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  met_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS at_IO  67_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  wielded_VBN  supreme_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  for_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  men_NNS  of_IO  vastly_RR  different_JJ  backgrounds_NNS    a_AT1  millionaire_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  the_AT1  revolutionary_JJ  son_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  coal-miner_NN    will_VM  meet_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  10_MC  hours_NNS  to_TO  size_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  met_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  Ambassador's_NNSB2  residence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outskirts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  shortly_RR  after_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  flew_VVD  in_RP  from_IO  Paris_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  after_IO  his_APP$  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  De_NP  Gaulle_NP  .  
  range_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  in_IO  Vienna_NP    she_PPHO1  spent_VVD  some_DD  time_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  art_NN  gallery_NN  .  
  tomorrow_NN1  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  will_VM  meet_VV0  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  leaders_NNS  will_VM  discuss_VV0  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  world_NN  problems_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  both_DB2  have_VH0  made_VBN  clear_JJ  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  negotiations_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  said_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  in_IO  Vienna_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  personal_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  main_JB  issues_NNS  in_IO  Soviet-American_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  Vienna_NP  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  whether_CS  any_DD  progress_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  stalled_JJ  Geneva_NP  conferences_NNS    on_IO  Laos_NP  and_CC  on_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  test_NN  ban_NN  treaty_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  grand_JJ  hand_NN  .  .  
  London_NP  gave_VVD  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  another_DD1  big_JJ  hand_NN  to-day_NN1  when_CS he_PPHO1  left_VVD  Buckingham_NP  Place_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  sister_NN  .  
  for_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  genial_JJ  form_NN  (_(  left_JJ  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  enthusiasm_NN  was_VBDZ  renewed_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  later_RRR  went_VVD  to_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  for_IO  talks_NNS  and_CC  lunch_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  .  
  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  Mac_NP  look_VV0  ahead_RR  to_IO  new_JJ  summit_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  weigh_VV0  up_RP  value_NN  of_IO  Vienna_NP  talks_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Joseph_NP  Tobin_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  and_CC  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  today_NN1  considered_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  steps_NNS  towards_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  summit_NN  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  summit_NN  diplomacy_NN  revived_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  spectacular_JJ  fashion_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  considered_VVD  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  four_MC  soon_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  highlight_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  two-hour_JB  review_NN  of_IO  east-west_NN1  relations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  met_VVD  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  study_NN  in_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  first_MD  floor_NN  room_NN  overlooking_VBG  Whitehall_NP  they_PPHS2  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  waiting_VBG  to_TO  greet_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  guests_NNS  for_IO  lunch_NN  .  
  contrast_NN  .  
  this_DD1  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  western_JJ  leaders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  normally_RR  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  First_NNSB1  Lord_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP    the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  using_VBG  it_PPH1  while_CS  10_MC  ,_,  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  rebuilt_VBN    is_VBZ  in_IO  contrast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  opulent_JJ  surroundings_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  met_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  in_IO  Vienna_NP  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  surprised_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  staff_NN  by_IO  arriving_VBG  10_MC  minutes_NNS  early_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  .  
  behind_IO  the_AT1  spectacle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cheering_JJ  crowds_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  queries_NNS  hanging_VBG  over_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  report_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  man-to-man_JB  exchanges_NNS  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  the_AT1  future_JB  policy_NN  on_IO  Berlin_NP    on_IO  which_DDQ  differences_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  between_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  are_VBR  reported_VBN    and_CC  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  Laos_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  reaction_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO    summitry_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  
    does_VBZ  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  vague_JJ  good-will_NN  but_CCB  no_AT1  practical_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  justify_VV0  further_JB  steps_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  road_NN  .    
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  also_RR  reported_VVD  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  attitude_NN  to_IO  nuclear_JJ  testing_NN  and_CC  disarmament_NN  .  
  all_DB  reports_NNS  are_VBR  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  was_VBDZ  unyielding_JJ  on_IO  these_DD2  issues_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  also_RR  questioned_VVD  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  on_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  .  
  this_DD1  meeting_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  crucial_JJ  bearing_NN  on_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  possible_JJ  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  attempting_VBG  to_TO  use_VV0  his_APP$  good_JJ  office_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  end_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  prominent_JJ  guests_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  lunch_NN  at_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  ,_,  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  British_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Ormsby-Gore_NP  .  
  tonight_NN1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  go_VV0  to_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  for_IO  dinner_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  and_CC  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  communique_NN  on_IO  today's_NP1  talks_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  issued_VBN  later_RRR  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Rusk_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ    not_XX  encouraging_JJ    in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kennedy-Kruschev_NP  weekend_NN  talks_NNS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  reports_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  Mac_NP  keeps_VBZ  silent_JJ  on_IO  talks_NNS  with_IO  Kennedy_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  refused_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  when_CS answering_VBG  questions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  talks_NNS  with_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  communique_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  issued_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  talks_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  wished_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  private_JJ  conversation_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  private_JJ  ,_,    the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  continued_VVD  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  to_TO  publish_VV0  afterwards_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  said_VVD  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  private_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  interest_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  statement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  specific_JJ  points_NNS  raised_VBN  .    
    the_AT1  British_JJ  and_CC  \0U.S_NP  administrations_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  constant_JJ  touch_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  matters_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  loud_JJ  cries_NNS  of_IO  .\0Lab_NP  ,_,  Newcastle-under-Lyme_NP  )_)      no_UH    when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  \0S_NP  \0T_NP  Swingler_NP  asked_VVD  :_:  
    are_VBR  we_PPIS2  not_XX  entitled_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  British_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  said_VVD  .  
  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  not_XX  responsible_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  House_NNL1  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  laughter_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  replied_VVD  :_:  
    discourteous_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  said_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  almost_RR  more_RG  discourteous_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .    
  Wortley_NP  put_VV0  their_APP$  case_NN  against_IO  city_NN    takeover_NN    .  
  representatives_NNS  of_IO  Wortley_NP  rural_JJ  council_NN  today_NN1  met_VVD  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  commission_NN  in_IO  London_NP  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  authorities_NNS  affecting_VBG  the_AT1  rural_JJ  district_NN  .  
  Wortley_NP  are_VBR  very_RG  much_RR  concerned_JJ  about_IO  Sheffield's_PPIO2  proposals_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  could_VM  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  district_NN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  rateable_JJ  value_NN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  22_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  3,600_MC  houses_NNS  .  
  Sheffield_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  case_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  housing_NN  grounds_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  seeking_VBG  to_TO  extend_VV0  their_APP$  boundaries_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  in_RP  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ecclesfield_NP  and_CC  Bradfield_NP  parishes_NNS  .  
  if_CS  successful_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  take_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  more_DA  than_IO  3,000_MC  houses_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  built_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Parson_NP  Cross_NP  area_NN  ,_,  and_CC  more_DA  than_IO  600_MC  Wortley_NP  council_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  eight_MC  schools_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  clinic_NN  and_CC  two_MC  parks_NNS  .  
  Wortley_NP  council_NN  have_VH0  offered_VBN  to_TO  buy_VV0  all_DB  Sheffield_NP  corporation_NN  houses_NNS  built_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  district_NN  and_CC  to_TO  administer_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  housing_NN  programme_NN  .  
  other_DA  purposes_NNS  .  
  concerning_IO  Bradfield_NP  parish_NN  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  proposes_VBZ  substantial_JJ  corporation_NN  housing_NN  at_IO  Stannington_NP  adjoining_VBG  existing_JJ  development_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  private_JJ  and_CC  partly_RR  the_AT1  rural_JJ  council's_NN1$  .  
  Rotherham_NP  corporation_NN  are_VBR  seeking_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  boundary_NN  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  Thorpe_NP  Hesley_NP  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  Wortley_NP  district_NN  .  
  councils_NNS  agree_VV0  to_IO  merger_NN  plan_NN  .  
  three_MC  of_IO  four_MC  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  concerned_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  merger_NN  plan_NN  for_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  re-organisation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Barnsley_NP  area_NN  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  Penistone_NP  rural_JJ  and_CC  Dodworth_NP  and_CC  Penistone_NP  urban_JJ  councils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fourth_MD  authority_NN  ,_,  Stocksbridge_NP  urban_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  plan_NN  this_DD1  month_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scheme_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Riding_NP  county_NN  council_NN  during_IO  discussions_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  boundaries_NNS  commission_NN  in_IO  London_NP  next_DA  month_NN  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  districts_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  combined_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  about_RR  30,000_MC  .  
  Gromyko_NP  brings_VBZ  fear_NN  of_IO  breakdown_NN  in_IO  Geneva_NP  talks_NNS  on_IO  Laos_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  hits_VBZ  back_RP  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K_NP  accuses_VBZ  .  
  reds_NNS  turn_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  heat_NN  over_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  by_IO  Joseph_NP  Tobin_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  short_JJ  and_CC  sharp_JJ  rebuff_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  attempt_NN  to_TO  stir_VV0  up_RP  an_AT1  international_JJ  crisis_NN  over_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  reject_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  hand_NN  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  complaint_NN  that_CS  \0W_NP  Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  being_VBG  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  of_IO    international_JJ  provocations_NNS  endangering_VBG  peace_NN  .    
  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  preparing_VBG  his_APP$  reply_NN  to_IO  Russia's_PPIO2  complaint_NN  .  
  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reply_NN  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  delivered_VBN  late_RR  tonight_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  clash_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  is_VBZ  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Germans_NP2  to_TO  hold_VV0  parliamentary_JJ  committee_NN  meetings_NNS  in_IO  Berlin_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  session_NN  next_DA  week_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  parliament's_NN1$  upper_JB  house_NN  there_RL  .  
  rejected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  President_NNSB1  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Luebke_NP  ,_,  today_NN1  rejected_VVD  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  complaints_NNS  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Home's_PPIO2  reply_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  similar_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  protested_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Britain_NP  at_IO    unlawful_JJ    meetings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  parliamentary_JJ  committees_NNS  in_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  will_VM  say_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  reply_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  that_CS  Britain_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  think_VV0  these_DD2  meetings_NNS  are_VBR  against_IO  the_AT1  four-power_JB  status_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  remind_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  that_CS  similar_JJ  meetings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  held_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  surprised_JJ  .  
  although_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  described_VVD  his_APP$  talks_NNS  on_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  Berlin_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  leader_NN  as_CS    most_RG  sombre_JJ    observers_NNS  were_VBDR  surprised_JJ  today_NN1  that_CS  Russia_NP  should_VM  raise_VV0  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  issue_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  powers_NNS  so_RG  quickly_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  Vienna_NP  meeting_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  western_JJ  delegates_NNS  fear_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Andrei_NP  Gromyko_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  has_VHZ  returned_VBN  empty-handed_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  international_JJ  conference_NN  on_IO  Laos_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  completely_RR  breaking_VBG  down_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ceasefire_NN  .  
  in_IO  Vienna_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  had_VHD  acknowledged_VBN  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  effective_JJ  cease-fire_NN  in_IO  Laos_NP  .  to_TO  contest_VV0  Wood_NNL1  Ditton_NP  stakes_NNS  .  
  Pinturischio_NP  has_VHZ  impressed_VBN  .  
  by_IO  old_JJ  Rowley_NP  .  
  Newmarket_NP  ,_,  Thursday_NN1  .  
  Pinturischio_NP  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  long-awaited_JJ  debut_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Wood_NNL1  Ditton_NP  stakes_NNS  at_IO  our_APP$  Craven_NP  meeting_NN  a_AT1  week_NN  today_NN1  .  
  even_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  seriously_RR  tried_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  raced_VBN  ,_,  this_DD1  colt_NN  whom_WPO  Noel_NP  Murless_NP  trains_VBZ  for_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Victor_NP  Sassoon_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  already_RR  ante-post_JB  favourite_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Derby_NP  .  
  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  morning_NN  ,_,  Pinturischio_NP  did_VDD  his_APP$  most_RG  informative_JJ  work_NN  to_IO  date_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  presumptuous_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  observers_NNS  were_VBDR  left_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  wiser_JJ  as_IO  to_II  his_APP$  ability_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gallop_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  racecourse_NN  side_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  Aurelius_NP  (_(  Lester_NP  Piggott_NP  )_)  ,_,  Hunter's_PPIO2  Song_NP  and_CC  Magnificat_NP  ,_,  three_MC  other_DA  maidens_NNS  .  
  throughout_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  trip_NN  Pinturischio_NP  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  up_RP  about_RR  a_AT1  length_NN  behind_IO  his_APP$  workmates_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  galloping_VBG  in_IO  line_NN  abreast_RR  .  
  then_RL  with_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  furlong_NN  left_VBN  ,_,  his_APP$  pilot_NN  let_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  reef_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  run_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Pinturischio_NP  responded_VVD  instantaneously_RR  and_CC  shot_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  steadied_VBN  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  accelerated_VVD  when_CS given_VBN  the_AT1    office_NN    was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  high-class_JJ  horse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  \0St_NP  Paddy_NP  do_VD0  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  Pinturischio_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  to_IO  date_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  accomplished_VBN  in_IO  effortless_JJ  style_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  future_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  extremely_RR  bright_JJ  .  
  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  dismiss_VV0  home-trained_JJ  colts_NNS  that_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  race_VV0  at_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  from_IO  one's_$  calculations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Derby_NP  .  
  long_JJ  stride_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  to_IO  reason_NN  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  horse_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  backward_JJ  to_TO  race_VV0  during_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  season_NN  in_IO  training_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  sufficiently_RR  mature_JJ  to_TO  beat_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  his_APP$  generation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  May_NN1  or_CC  early_JJ  June_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  now_RL  since_CS  a_AT1  horse_NN  that_PNQS embarked_VVD  upon_IO  its_APP$  three-year-old_JB  career_NN  unraced_JJ  has_VHZ  won_VBN  the_AT1  Derby_NP  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Boyd-Rochfort's_PPIO2  Prince_NP  Simon_NP  came_VVD  within_IO  an_AT1  ace_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  in_IO  1950_MC  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  winning_JJ  debut_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Wood_NNL1  Ditton_NP  stakes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  precedent_NN  need_VM  not_XX  prejudice_VV0  our_APP$  assessment_NN  of_IO  Pinturischio's_PPIO2  prospects_NNS  unduly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  extenuating_JJ  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  case_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  start_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  himself_PPX1  last_DA  back-end_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  impressed_VVD  on_IO  several_DA  occasions_NNS  when_CS his_APP$  long_JJ  stride_NN  enabled_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  lay_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  seven_MC  furlong_NN  spins_NNS  with_IO  more_RG  forward_JJ  companions_NNS  .  
  such_DA  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  progress_NN  during_IO  those_DD2  autumn_NN  months_NNS  that_CS  Noel_NP  Murless_NP  had_VHD  intended_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  outing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Rowley_NP  mile_NN  course_NN  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  unfortunately_RR  the_AT1  going_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  heavy_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  project_NN  was_VBDZ  abandoned_VBN  .  
  stern_JJ  opposition_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Wood_NNL1  Ditton_NP  stakes_NNS  is_VBZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  three-year-olds_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  never_RR  run_VBN  at_IO  starting_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  opposition_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  stern_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  test_VV0  Pinturischio_NP  .  
  Jack_NP  Jarvis's_PPIO2  Allenby_NP  and_CC  Captain_NNSB1  Boyd-Rochfort's_PPIO2  Sagacity_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  working_VBG  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  prove_VV0  particularly_RR  formidable_JJ  rivals_NNS  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Allenby_NP  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  forward_JJ  than_IO  Pinturischio_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  disgraced_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  seven_MC  furlong_NN  gallop_NN  with_IO  Test_NP  Case_NP  ,_,  Pinzon_NP  and_CC  Bold_NP  Liver_NP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  Allenby_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  claims_NNS  to_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  peer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stable's_NN1$  Derby_NP  horse_NN  Test_NP  Case_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  fared_VVD  well_RR  enough_RGA  in_IO  the_AT1  latter's_$  company_NN  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  factor_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  be_VB0  reckoned_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  maiden_NN  race_NN  .  
  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Harry_NP  Carr_NP  met_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  accident_NN  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rode_VVD  Sagacity_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  six_MC  furlong_NN  gallop_NN  with_IO  Pardao_NP  (_(  \0D_NP  Smith_NP  )_)  ,_,  Good_NP  Old_NP  Days_NP  (_(  \0T_NP  Lowrey_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  four-year-old_JB  Polo_NP  (_(  \0W_NP  Snaith_NP  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1  racecourse_NN  side_NN  .  
  Carr_NP  held_VVD  Sagacity_NP  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  lengths_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  from_IO  start_NN  to_IO  finish_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  spin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  considering_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  trip_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  sharp_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  big_JJ  horse_NN  as_IO  this_DD1  handsome_JJ  son_NN  of_IO  Le_NP  Sage_NP  he_PPHO1  acquitted_VVD  himself_PPX1  extremely_RR  well_RR  .  
  Sagacity_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_TO  give_VV0  Pinturischio_NP  most_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  meet_VV0  next_DA  Thursday_NN1  .  
  an_AT1  omen_NN  .  
  Pinturischio_NP  has_VHZ  impressed_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  his_APP$  work_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  fully_RR  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  lay_VV0  a_AT1  solid_JJ  foundation_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  claims_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  the_AT1  Derby_NP  winner_NN  by_IO  scoring_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  occasion_NN  he_PPHO1  faces_VBZ  the_AT1  racecourse's_NN1$  acid_NN  test_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  flowers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Poor_NP  Boy's_PPIO2  grave_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  resting_NN  place_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shepherd_NN  boy_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS committed_VVD  suicide_NN  after_IO  losing_VBG  his_APP$  master's_NN1$  sheep_NNS  about_RR  100_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  situated_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  Limekilns_NP2  and_CC  Waterhall_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  superstitious_JJ  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  omen_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  Newmarket_NP  horse_NN  will_VM  win_VV0  the_AT1  Derby_NP  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  right_JJ  ,_,  Pinturischio_NP  need_VM  not_XX  necessarily_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_TO  oblige_VV0  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  enthusiasm_NN  over_IO  this_DD1  dark_JJ  'un_MC1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  forget_VV0  about_IO  Test_NP  Case_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  proved_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  horse_NN  by_IO  winning_VBG  three_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  four_MC  races_NNS  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  Pinturischio_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  string_NN  to_IO  Murless's_PPIO2  powerful_JJ  bow_NN  .  
  Golden_NP  Voice_NP  ,_,  Hunter's_PPIO2  Song_NP  ,_,  Aurelius_NP  and_CC  So_NP  Cozy_NP  are_VBR  all_DB  very_RG  nice_JJ  colts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  to_TO  train_VV0  on_RP  into_IO  fancied_JJ  Derby_NP  candidates_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  Lester_NP  Piggott_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  particularly_RR  soft_JJ  spot_NN  for_IO  Aurelius_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ridden_VBN  the_AT1  horse_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  galloping_NN  mornings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  each_DD1  time_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  good_JJ  ride_NN  .  
  great_JJ  promise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  time_NN  that_CS  Aurelius_NP  ran_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  great_JJ  promise_NN  by_IO  running_VBG  on_RP  well_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  fourth_MD  place_NN  behind_IO  Beta_NP  ,_,  Dual_NP  and_CC  Orbit_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  lodge_NN  stakes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Ascot_NP  Heath_NNL1  meeting_NN  transferred_VBN  to_IO  Newbury_NP  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  so_RG  well_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  work_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  more_RR  than_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  successful_JJ  reappearance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Craven_NP  stakes_NNS  ,_,  run_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  here_RL  next_DA  Tuesday_NN1  .  
  alternatively_RR  Murless's_PPIO2  interests_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  either_LE  Magnificat_NP  or_CC  So_NP  Cozy_NP  in_IO  that_DD1  event_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Aurelius's_PPIO2  only_DA  engagement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  run_VV0  .  
  both_DB2  Jack_NP  Langley's_PPIO2  Prince_NP  Tudor_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Oxley's_PPIO2  Eagle_NP  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  handicap_NN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  when_CS Prince_NP  Tudor_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  ridden_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  guineas_NNS  jockey_NN  Bill_NP  Rickaby_NP  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  rivals_NNS  to_IO  Aurelius_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  Jack_NP  Jarvis's_PPIO2  Pinzon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Dick_NP  Hern's_PPIO2  Penhill_NP  .  
  Pinzon_NP  shone_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  gallop_NN  over_IO  seven_MC  furlongs_NNS  with_IO  Test_NP  Case_NP  last_DA  week_NN  and_CC  Penhill_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  respected_VBN  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  having_VHG  finished_VBN  fast_RR  to_TO  run_VV0  Morgan_NP  to_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  length_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Coventry_NP  stakes_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  Kempton_NP  Park_NNL1  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  besides_IO  the_AT1  Wood_NNL1  Ditton_NP  stakes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Craven_NP  stakes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  free_JJ  handicap_NN  could_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  informative_JJ  classic_JJ  trial_NN  .  
  among_IO  those_DD2  holding_VBG  the_AT1  engagement_NN  in_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  interested_JJ  are_VBR  Eagle_NP  ,_,  Prince_NP  Tudor_NP  ,_,  Smuggler's_PPIO2  Joy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Pardao_NP  .  
  obvious_JJ  choice_NN  .  
  as_CS  Eagle_NP  won_VVD  his_APP$  gallop_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  Zanzibar_NP  last_DA  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  appear_VV0  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  choice_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  race_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  neither_LE  Smuggler's_PPIO2  Joy_NP  or_CC  Pardao_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  easy_JJ  to_TO  beat_VV0  .  
  Smuggler's_PPIO2  Joy_NP  ,_,  like_IO  Pinzon_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  putting_VBG  in_RP  some_DD  good_JJ  work_NN  upsides_IO  Test_NP  Case_NP  ,_,  while_CS  Pardao_NP  shaped_VVD  well_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  with_IO  Sagacity_NP  and_CC  Good_NP  Old_NP  Days_NP  referred_VBN  to_IO  above_II  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  Pardao_NP  has_VHZ  received_VBN  an_AT1  indirect_JJ  compliment_NN  by_IO  Good_NP  Old_NP  Days_NP  having_VHG  run_VBN  Dual_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  neck_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  2,000_MC  guineas_NNS  trial_NN  stakes_NNS  at_IO  Kempton_NP  Park_NNL1  .  
  plenty_NN  of_IO  rain_NN  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  here_RL  lately_RR  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  going_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  perfect_JJ  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  far_RR  better_JJ  position_NN  to_TO  anticipate_VV0  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  2,000_MC  guineas_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Derby_NP  .  
  today's_NP1  nap_NN  .  
  without_IO  Doug_NP  Smith_NP  having_VHG  to_TO  bring_VV0  pressure_NN  to_TO  bear_VV0  ,_,  Crown_NP  Imperial_NP  ran_VVD  on_RP  well_RR  to_TO  finish_VV0  third_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  horse_NN  Prince_NP  Chamier_NP  and_CC  Final_NP  Problem_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  seven-furlong_JB  trial_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Limekilns_NP2  the_AT1  Monday_NN1  before_IO  Easter_NP  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  the_AT1  colt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  noted_VBN  moving_VBG  very_RG  smoothly_RR  in_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  work_NN  .  
  reproduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trial_NN  form_NN  should_VM  enable_VV0  Crown_NP  Imperial_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  nap_NN  ,_,  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  Bardolph_NP  plate_NN  (_(  4-0_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  Cingle_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  under_IO  orders_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  round_JJ  tower_NN  handicap_NN  (_(  3-30_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  Jack_NP  Langley's_PPIO2  first_MD  winner_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  charge_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Weston-Evans'_PPIO2  horses_NNS  at_IO  Herringswell_NP  Manor_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  four-year-old_JB  Cingle_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  moving_VBG  strongly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  regular_JJ  occasions_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  led_VBN  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  classic_JJ  horse_NN  Prince_NP  Tudor_NP  .  
  Jack_NP  Jarvis_NP  made_VVD  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  land_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  team_NN  good_JJ  sharpening-up_NN  work_NN  over_IO  five_MC  and_CC  six_MC  furlongs_NNS  .  
  Test_NP  Case_NP  (_(  \0E_NP  Larkin_NP  )_)  was_VBDZ  noted_VBN  working_VBG  well_RR  when_CS accompanied_VBN  by_IO  Bold_NP  Lover_NP  over_IO  six_MC  furlongs_NNS  .  
  Sticky_NP  Case_NP  ,_,  Divine_NP  Comedy_NP  and_CC  Beta_NP  were_VBDR  also_RR  sent_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  distance_NN  .  
  Jaquetta_NP  and_CC  Saint_NP  Sybil_NP  had_VHD  sharpening-up_NN  exercise_NN  .  
  Welsh_NP  Rake_NP  and_CC  Bass_NP  Rock_NP  covered_VVD  five_MC  furlongs_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  pace_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sybil's_PPIO2  Comb_NP  ,_,  Fringe_NP  ,_,  Kilifi_NP  and_CC  Lion's_PPIO2  Mantle_NP  were_VBDR  similarly_RR  employed_VBN  .  
  \0G_NP  Brooke_NP  also_RR  sharpened_VVD  up_RP  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  older_JJ  horses_NNS  over_IO  five_MC  furlongs_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  being_VBG  Felix_NP  ,_,  with_IO  Menelek_NP  and_CC  Court_NP  Imperial_NP  .  
  Quota_NP  and_CC  Kathie_NP  were_VBDR  noted_VBN  having_VHG  a_AT1  similar_JJ  spin_NN  .  
  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Watts_NP  ,_,  \0H_NP  Thomson_NP  Janes_NP  and_CC  \0W_NP  Hern_NP  also_RR  gave_VVD  their_APP$  teams_NNS  exercise_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  land_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  racecourse_NN  side_NN  \0B_NP  van_&FW  Cutsem's_PPIO2  Seam_NP  (_(  \0E_NP  Smith_NP  )_)  was_VBDZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  Prince_NP  Bula_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  nice-pace_JB  gallop_NN  over_IO  seven_MC  furlongs_NNS  .  
  other_DA  teams_NNS  seen_VBN  on_IO  these_DD2  training_NN  grounds_NNS  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  \0G_NP  Barling_NP  ,_,  \0H_NP  Cottrill_NP  ,_,  Reg_NP  Day_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Waugh_NP  ,_,  where_CS work_NN  was_VBDZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  cantering_NN  .  
  latest_JJT  from_IO  Epsom_NP  .  
  Nightingall_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  double_NN  .  
  Walter_NP  Nightingall_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  stable_JJ  jockey_NN  Duncan_NP  Keith_NP  should_VM  follow_VV0  up_RP  yesterday's_NP1  success_NN  of_IO  Release_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  double_NN  at_IO  Windsor_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  initiated_VBN  by_IO  Duke_NP  Toledo_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  round_JJ  tower_NN  handicap_NN  (_(  3-30_MC-MC  )_)  and_CC  completed_VBN  by_IO  King's_PPIO2  Probity_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS goes_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  Hatch_NP  Bridge_NNL1  handicap_NN  (_(  4-30_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  Duke_NP  Toledo_NP  demonstrated_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  early-season_JB  performer_NN  by_IO  winning_VBG  over_IO  today's_NP1  distance_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  extended_JJ  mile_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  meeting_NN  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  comfortably_RR  beat_VVD  Indian_NP  Rock_NP  and_CC  Martian_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  winner_NN  at_IO  Hurst_NP  Park_NNL1  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  .  
  following_IO  this_DD1  victory_NN  ,_,  Walter_NP  Nightingall_NP  ran_VVD  the_AT1  colt_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Epsom_NP  spring_NN  meeting_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  defeated_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  burden_NN  of_IO  9_MC  \0st_NNU  3_MC  \0lb_NNU  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  failed_VVD  against_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  milers_NNS  in_IO  royal_JJ  Ascot's_PPIO2  Queen_NNSB1  Anne_NP  stakes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  one_MC1  other_DA  outing_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Kempton_NP  Park_NNL1  in_IO  soft_JJ  going_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  poor_JJ  showing_NN  .  
  if_CS  Duke_NP  Toledo_NP  reproduces_VBZ  his_APP$  form_NN  of_IO  12_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  he_PPHO1  should_VM  find_VV0  little_DA  difficulty_NN  in_IO  accounting_VBG  for_IO  today's_NP1  opposition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three-year-old_JB  ,_,  King's_PPIO2  Probity_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  most_RG  consistent_JJ  juvenile_NN  ,_,  never_RR  being_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  four_MC  in_IO  six_MC  attempts_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  his_APP$  maiden_NN  allowance_NN  at_IO  Brighton_NP  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  easily_RR  beat_VVD  Dolaucothi_NP  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  ready_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  trick_NN  here_RL  .  
  Mambo_NP  ,_,  from_IO  Peter_NP  Ashworth's_PPIO2  Treadwell_NP  stables_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_TO  give_VV0  King's_PPIO2  Probity_NP  most_DA  trouble_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  wound_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  promising_JJ  two-year-old_JB  career_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  win_NN  at_IO  Yarmouth_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  Nightingall's_PPIO2  charge_NN  may_VM  just_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  edge_NN  .  
  cost_NN  6,500_MC  \0gns_NNU2  .  
  staff_NN  Ingham's_PPIO2  horses_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS usually_RR  register_VV0  early_JJ  successes_NNS  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  backward_JJ  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  stable_NN  can_VM  get_VV0  off_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cannon_NN  yard_NN  plate_NN  (_(  3-0_MC-MC  )_)  with_IO  Red_NP  Imp_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  1,050_MC  guineas_NNS  Magic_NP  Red_NP  colt_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  preferred_VBN  to_IO  Jackie_NP  Sirett's_PPIO2  Baba_NP  .  
  another_DD1  winner_NN  for_IO  Ingham_NP  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bernard_NP  Sunley's_PPIO2  Raincourt_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  priced_JJ  yearlings_NNS  of_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  costing_VBG  6,500_MC  guineas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  Court_NP  Martial_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  only_RR  one_MC1  public_JJ  appearance_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  considerable_JJ  promise_NN  by_IO  putting_VBG  in_RP  his_APP$  best_JJT  work_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  stages_NNS  behind_IO  Blue_NP  Sash_NP  at_IO  headquarters_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  experience_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  enough_DD  to_TO  give_VV0  Raincourt_NP  victory_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bardolph_NP  plate_NN  (_(  4-0_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  Fridolanna_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS finished_VVD  fourth_MD  to_IO  Troilus_NP  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  will_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  one_MC1  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  miles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  sixpenny_JB  handicap_NN  (_(  5-0_MC-MC  )_)  to_IO  her_APP$  liking_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  fancied_VBN  to_TO  beat_VV0  Harold_NP  Wallington's_PPIO2  Hanbury_NP  Lad_NP  .  
  Prince_NP  Midge_NP  is_VBZ  Windsor_NP  nap_NN  .  
  classic_JJ  contender_NN  Prince_NP  Midge_NP  ,_,  making_VBG  his_APP$  only_DA  appearance_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  2,000_MC  guineas_NNS  ,_,  returns_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  solitary_JJ  success_NN  in_IO  four_MC  ventures_VBZ  last_DA  term_NN  at_IO  Windsor_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  napped_VBN  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  Robert_NP  Wilmot_NP  plate_NN  (_(  5-0_MC-MC  )_)  today_NN1  .  
  \0R_NP  \0J_NP  Colling_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  made_VBN  his_APP$  mark_NN  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  charges_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Hurst_NP  Park_NNL1  winner_NN  Welsh_NP  Huntress_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  galloping_JJ  companion_NN  of_IO  Prince_NP  Midge_NP  ,_,  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  line_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  well_JJ  being_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Astor's_PPIO2  colt_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  reported_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  forward_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  team_NN  .  this_DD1  cricket_NN  record_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  bad_JJ  .  
  Pakistan_NP  are_VBR  dreary_JJ  .  
  while_CS  in_IO  Australia_NP  ,_,  cricket_NN  is_VBZ  fairly_RR  exploding_VBG  into_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  England_NP  top_JB  players_NNS  and_CC  administrators_NNS  are_VBR  loud_JJ  with_IO  pious_JJ  hopes_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  contagion_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  may_VM  spread_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  first-class_JJ  game_NN  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  in_IO  Amritsar_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  in_IO  Sanskrit_NP  means_VBZ    pool_NN  of_IO  immortality_NN  ,_,    Pakistan's_PPIO2  cricketers_NNS  have_VH0  just_RR  taken_VBN  a_AT1  further_JB  step_NN  toward_IO  deathless_JJ  record-book_NN  fame_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  dreariest_JJT  form_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  drew_VVD  the_AT1  13th_MD  match_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  Indian_JJ  tour_NN  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  drawn_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  12_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  significance_NN  for_IO  England_NP  in_IO  this_DD1  dolorous_JJ  record_NN  .  
  given_IO  good_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  coming_JJ  summer_NN    when_CS the_AT1  Australians_NP2  are_VBR  the_AT1  visitors_NNS    should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  the_AT1  first-class_JJ  game_NN  .  
  but_CCB  1962_MC  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  critical_JJ  for_CS  by_IO  then_RL  the_AT1  new_JJ  look_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0MCC_NP  committee_NN  charged_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  task_NN  should_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  shape_NN  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  comes_VBZ  here_RL  in_IO  1962_MC  .  
  Pakistan_NP  .  
  these_DD2  visitors_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  climate_NN  could_VM  deliver_VV0  a_AT1  most_RG  damaging_JJ  cold_JJ  douche_NN  on_IO  all_DB  our_APP$  good_JJ  intentions_NNS  and_CC  once_RR  more_RRR  drive_VV0  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  away_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  note_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  of_IO  cricket_NN  .  
  still_RR  aglow_JJ  .  
  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  comparative_JJ  calm_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  car-hire_JB  business_NN  in_IO  Croydon_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  glowing_VBG  mentally_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Martin_NP  Turner_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  refereeing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Barbarians_NP2  \0v_IO  Springboks_NP2  game_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  contributed_VVD  largely_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  robust_JJ  match_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  never_RR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  hand_NN  .  
  Turner_NP  (_(  39_MC  )_)  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  former_DA  Barbarian_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  old_JJ  Whitgiftian_NN1  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  blue_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  twice_RR  capped_VBN  by_IO  England_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  three-quarter_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  playing_NN  days_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  refereeing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  years_NNS  since_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  panel_NN  only_RR  this_DD1  season_NN  .  
  of_IO  Saturday's_NP1  match_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  awfully_RG  nice_JJ  game_NN  to_TO  handle_VV0  .  
  too_RG  tough_JJ  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  30_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  best_JJT  players_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  hard_JJ  game_NN  .  
    Baa-Baas_NP2  rose_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  given_VBN  full_JJ  credit_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  Africans_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  very_RG  nice_JJ  fellows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  refereed_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  game_NN  against_IO  combined_JJ  services_NNS  on_IO  boxing_NN  day_NN  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  every_AT1  player_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  swear_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  referee_NN    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  when_CS I_PPIS1  played_VVD  .    
  sales_NNS  slump_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Barbara_NP  Hitchcock_NP  ,_,  non-golfing_JB  wife_NN  of_IO  master_NN  golfer_NN  Jimmy_NP  Hitchcock_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  finding_VBG  business_NN  rather_RR  slack_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  role_NN  of_IO  deputy_NN  professional_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Ashford_NP  Manor_NNL1  ,_,  Middlesex_NP  ,_,  club_NN  .  
  while_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  is_VBZ  away_RP  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP    he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  open_NN  at_IO  East_NP  London_NP  on_IO  February_NN1  16-18_MC-MC    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  looking_VBG  after_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  closed_VBN  by_IO  rain_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  run_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  sales_NNS  slump_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  her_APP$  husband_NN  had_VHD  thought_VBN  of_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  America_NP  to_TO  compete_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  masters_NNS  tournament_NN  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  clashed_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  season_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  to_TO  play_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  Ryder_NP  cup_NN  team_NN  .    
  Hitchcock_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  30_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  an_AT1  ambition_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  sport_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  refreshing_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  earn_VV0  enough_DD  money_NN  from_IO  golf_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  my_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  working_VBG  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  ambition_NN  many_DA  sportsmen_NNS  shelve_VV0  when_CS they_PPHS2  meet_VV0  with_IO  success_NN  .  
  Chelsea_NP  stand_VV0  by_RP  .  
  if_CS  Huddersfield_NP  are_VBR  knocked_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  \0FA_NP  cup_NN  replay_NN  with_IO  Barnsley_NP  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  forced_VBN  to_TO  part_VV0  with_IO  their_APP$  English_JJ  international_JJ  left-back_NN  ,_,  Ramon_NP  Wilson_NP  .  
  Chelsea_NP  are_VBR  waiting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  sidelines_NNS  ready_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  bid_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reflection_NN  on_IO  Chelsea's_PPIO2  17-year-old_JB  back_NN  Alan_NP  Harris_NP  .  
  Ted_NP  Drake_NP  ,_,  Chelsea_NP  manager_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  both_DB2  great_JJ  prospects_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Wilson_NP  has_VHZ  invaluable_JJ  experience_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  player_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  help_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  youngsters_NNS  .    
  Wilson_NP  earned_VVD  a_AT1  regular_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  England_NP  team_NN  last_DA  season_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  lost_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  McNeil_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Middlesbrough_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  season_NN  because_IO  of_II  a_AT1  cartilage_NN  injury_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  26_MC  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  welcome_VV0  a_AT1  move_NN  to_IO  first_MD  division_NN  football_NN  .  
  soccer_NN  art_NN  .  
  if_CS  England_NP  and_CC  Fulham_NP  captain_NN  Johnny_NP  Haynes_NP  is_VBZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  any_DD  further_JB  half-time_NN  dressing_NN  room_NN  wrangles_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  club_NN  team-mates_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  might_VM  well_RR  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  \0FA_NP  book_NN  for_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  an_AT1  article_NN  by_IO  Fulham's_PPIO2  Jimmy_NP  Hill_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  strongly_RR  critical_JJ  of_IO  Haynes_NP  after_IO  their_APP$  match_NN  against_IO  Chelsea_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  captaining_VBG  a_AT1  soccer_NN  side_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Hill_NP  today_NN1  whether_CS  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  capacity_NN  as_IO  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  footballers'_NN2  association_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  captains_NNS  who_PNQS gesticulate_VV0  ,_,  show_VV0  their_APP$  displeasure_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  disgust_NN  when_CS passes_NNS  go_VV0  astray_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  refused_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS led_VVD  the_AT1  fight_NN    and_CC  won_VVD    for_IO  higher_JJ  pay_NN  ,_,  Hill_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  as_RG  anxious_JJ  to_TO  ensure_VV0    officially_RR    that_CS  his_APP$  association_NN  members_NNS  conform_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  code_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN    captains_NNS  included_VBN  .  
  amateur_NN  golf_NN  championship_NN  to_TO  cost_VV0  more_DA  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Ingham_NP  .  
  the_AT1  amateur_NN  golf_NN  championship_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  cost_VV0  more_DA    the_AT1  entrance_NN  fee_NN  shooting_VBG  up_RP  from_IO  *+2_NNU  to_IO  *+4_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  1961_MC  event_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  begins_VBZ  at_IO  Turnberry_NP  ,_,  Scotland_NP  ,_,  on_IO  June_NN1  12_MC  .  
  another_DD1  shock_NN  for_IO  golfers_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  only_RR  250_MC  (_(  with_IO  handicaps_NNS  of_IO  three_MC  or_CC  better_JJ  )_)  will_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  compete_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  restricted_JJ  entry_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  enforced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  ballot_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  May_NN1  12_MC  .  
  qualifying_NN  rounds_NNS  ,_,  played_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  abandoned_VBN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  limit_NN  clause_NN  essential_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  won_VVD  the_AT1  amateur_NN  title_NN  ,_,  where_CS would_VM  you_PPY  put_VV0  the_AT1  trophy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  and_CC  ancient_JJ  insist_VV0  :_:  
    the_AT1  trophy_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  winner_NN  entered_VVD  .    
  and_CC  not_XX  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  on_IO  your_APP$  mantelpiece_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  golfers_NNS  are_VBR  seeing_VBG  trophies-before-the-eyes_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  Joe_NP  Carr_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  defending_VBG  his_APP$  title_NN  .  
  Downes_NP  fights_VBZ  Rodriguez_NP  .  
  by_IO  Walter_NP  Bartleman_NP  .  
  Terry_NP  Downes_NP  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  middleweight_NN  champion_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  cruiser_NN  at_IO  Wembley_NP  on_IO  March_NN1  7_MC  when_CS he_PPHO1  takes_VBZ  on_RP  the_AT1  Californian_JJ    kid_NN    Sixto_NP  Rodriguez_NP  over_IO  ten_MC  rounds_NNS  at_IO  12_MC  stone_NN  .  
  the_AT1  23-year-old_JB  Rodriguez_NP  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  former_DA  Californian_JJ  cruiserweight_NN  champion_NN  ,_,  began_VVD  boxing_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  professional_NN  in_IO  1956_MC  and_CC  has_VHZ  a_AT1  record_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  liberally_RR  sprinkled_VBN  with_IO  inside-the-distance_JB  victories_NNS  .  
  Downes_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  swift_JJ  recovery_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  injuries_NNS  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  unsuccessful_JJ  world_NN  middleweight_NN  title_NN  fight_NN  with_IO  Paul_NP  Pender_NP  in_IO  Boston_NP  last_DA  month_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  meeting_VBG  a_AT1  cruiserweight_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  safeguard_VV0  any_DD  further_JB  world_NN  championship_NN  aspirations_NNS  .  
  Millwall_NP  plan_VV0  cuts_NNS    and_CC  no_AT1  manager_NN  .  
  by_IO  Harold_NP  Palmer_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  outlook_NN  at_IO  Millwall_NP  after_IO  Saturday's_NP1  home_NN1  defeat_NN  by_IO  Oldham_NP  .  
  hope_NN  of_IO  promotion_NN  is_VBZ  practically_RR  abandoned_VBN  .  
  new_JJ  plans_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  made_VBN    and_CC  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  include_VV0  a_AT1  replacement_NN  for_IO  Reg_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  manager_NN  they_PPHS2  sacked_VVD  three_MC  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  coaching_VBG  ,_,  with_IO  general_JJ  administration_NN  resting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  staff_NN  .  
  Chairman_NNSB1  Micky_NP  Purser_NP  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  preparing_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  plan_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  present_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  playing_JJ  staff_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  from_IO  26_MC  to_IO  about_RR  18_MC  ,_,  because_CS  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  football_NN  combination_NN  decide_VV0  Millwall_NP  will_VM  not_XX  field_VV0  reserve_NN  teams_NNS  on_IO  Saturdays_NN2  next_DA  season_NN  .  
  no_AT1  long_JJ  journeys_NNS  .  
  Millwall_NP  will_VM  also_RR  refuse_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  reserve_NN  competition_NN  even_RR  in_IO  mid-week_NN  if_CS  long_JJ  journeys_NNS  are_VBR  involved_VBN  .  
    the_AT1  competition_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  regional_JJ  to_TO  suit_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,    says_VBZ  Purser_NP  .  
    otherwise_RR  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  Queen's_NNSB2  Park_NNL1  Rangers_NP2  ,_,  Charlton_NP  ,_,  Leyton_NP  Orient_NP  and_CC  Fulham_NP  to_TO  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  reserve_NN  competition_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  would_VM  only_RR  need_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  dozen_MC  clubs_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  league_NN  worthwhile_JJ  .    
  Arsenal_NP  look_VV0  like_IO  losing_VBG  Scottish_JJ  international_NN  Jackie_NP  Henderson_NP  for_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  ankle_NN  injury_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  think_VV0  this_DD1  will_VM  mean_VV0  David_NP  Herd_NP  ,_,  out_RP  with_IO  flu_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  finding_VBG  inside-left_NN  his_APP$  position_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  resumes_VBZ  .  
  Leyton_NP  Orient_NP  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  league_NN  fixture_NN  at_IO  Liverpool_NP  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  week's_NN1$  special_JJ  training_NN  at_IO  Southport_NP    with_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  week's_NN1$  cup_NN  tie_NN  particularly_RR  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  13_MC  players_NNS  ,_,  Saturday's_NP1  team_NN  plus_IO  Terry_NP  McDonald_NP  (_(  outside-left_NN  )_)  and_CC  Malcolm_NP  Lucas_NP  (_(  wing-half_NN  )_)  north_NN1  today_NN1  .  
  John_NP  Richards_NP  returns_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  Aldershot_NP  team_NN  at_IO  inside-left_NN  for_IO  tonight's_NP1  second_MD  replay_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  round_NN  \0FA_NP  cup_NN  tie_NN  with_IO  Stoke_NP  at_IO  Wolverhampton_NP  (_(  7.15_MC  )_)  .  
  Richards_NP  is_VBZ  back_RP  .  
  Richards_NP  was_VBDZ  missing_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  Aldershot_NP  team_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  them_PPHO1  last_DA  October_NN1  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  Parnell_NP  moves_VBZ  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exclusion_NN  of_IO  Burton_NP  .  
  both_DB2  Southampton_NP  and_CC  Burnley_NP  will_VM  lack_VV0  their_APP$  star_NN  inside-rights_NNS  for_IO  tonight's_NP1  quarter-final_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  cup_NN  at_IO  Southampton_NP  (_(  7.0_MC  )_)  .  
  Irish_JJ  international_NN  Jimmy_NP  McIlroy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  recently_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  broken_JJ  nose_NN  ,_,  flu_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cut_JJ  knee_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  advised_VBN  to_TO  rest_VV0  .  
  Southampton's_PPIO2  George_NP  O'Brien_NP  received_VVD  a_AT1  leg_NN  injury_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  and_CC  is_VBZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  Clifton_NP  .  
    my_APP$  future_NN  is_VBZ  here_RL    .  
  Jimmy_NP  Greaves_NP  has_VHZ  two_MC  aims_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Bernard_NP  Joy_NP  .  
  before_IO  leaving_VBG  for_IO  Liverpool_NP  for_IO  training_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  England_NP  team_NN  tonight_NN1  ,_,  Chelsea_NP  inside-forward_NN  Jimmy_NP  Greaves_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    Barcelona_NP  .  
  my_APP$  immediate_JJ  future_NN  lies_VBZ  with_IO  Chelsea_NP  and_CC  probably_RR  my_APP$  long-term_JB  future_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  went_VVD  off_RP  to_TO  telephone_VV0  Chelsea_NP  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  assurance_NN  to_IO  manager_NN  Ted_NP  Drake_NP  .  
  Greaves_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  concerned_VBN  with_IO  two_MC  things_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  helping_VBG  Chelsea_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  respectable_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  table_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  Chelsea_NP  player_NN    and_CC  getting_VBG  my_APP$  own_DA  form_NN  back_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  asking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  transfer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  highly_RR  probable_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  staying_VBG  with_IO  Chelsea_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  while_NN  or_CC  even_RR  indefinitely_RR  .    
  having_VHG  knocked_VBN  Real_NP  Madrid_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  cup_NN  ,_,  Barcelona_NP  are_VBR  determined_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  prize_NN  of_IO  supremacy_NN  in_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  Europe_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  hasty_JJ  .  
  free-scoring_JJ  Greaves_NP    who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  21_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  fortnight's_NN1$  time_NN    would_VM  fit_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  attack_NN  and_CC  naturalisation_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  easy_JJ  matter_NN  for_IO  imported_JJ  foreign_JJ  stars_NNS    like_IO  Di_NP  Stefano_NP  ,_,  Kubala_NP  and_CC  Martinez_NP  .  
  Italian_JJ  clubs_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  made_VBN  approaches_NNS  for_IO  Greaves_NP  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  barred_VBN  from_IO  obtaining_VBG  new_JJ  players_NNS  from_IO  abroad_RR  until_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  1962_MC  world_NN  cup_NN  .  
  Greaves_NP  comments_VBZ  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  at_IO  Stamford_NP  Bridge_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  that_CS  a_AT1  Barcelona_NP  representative_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  match_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  interested_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  so_RG  hasty_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  months_NNS  ago_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  set-up_NN  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  into_IO  English_JJ  football_NN  .    
  Greaves_NP  was_VBDZ  restless_JJ  two_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  rumour_NN  was_VBDZ  current_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  Chelsea_NP  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  if_CS  his_APP$  changed_JJ  attitude_NN  meant_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  happy_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  quickly_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  happy_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  having_VHG  a_AT1  bad_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  club_NN  are_VBR  having_VHG  a_AT1  bad_JJ  time_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  happy_JJ  under_IO  those_DD2  conditions_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  shelved_VBN  all_DB  ideas_NNS  of_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  move_NN  from_IO  Chelsea_NP  .    
  three_MC  on_IO  short_JJ  list_NN  .  
  the_AT1  short_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  three_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  of_IO  coach_NN  is_VBZ  Vic_NP  Buckingham_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  West_NP  Bromwich_NP  manager_NN  and_CC  coach_NN  of_IO  Ajax_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  champions_NNS  ,_,  Bobby_NP  Campbell_NP  ,_,  coach_NN  of_IO  Reading_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Tom_NP  Docherty_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Arsenal_NP  and_CC  Scotland_NP  wing-half_NN  .  
  Roy_NP  Bentley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Fulham_NP  and_CC  former_DA  Chelsea_NP  player_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  because_CS  Chelsea_NP  are_VBR  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  \0FA_NP  coaching_NN  qualifications_NNS  .  
  Buckingham_NP  ,_,  45_MC  ,_,  steered_VVD  West_NP  Bromwich_NP  in_IO  nearly_RR  carrying_VBG  off_RP  the_AT1  cup_NN  and_CC  league_NN  double_NN  in_IO  1953-4_MC-MC  .  
  a_AT1  former_DA  Spurs_NP2  defender_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  West_NP  Bromwich_NP  two_MC  seasons_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  a_AT1  big_JJ  point_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  favour_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  struck_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  personal_JJ  friendship_NN  with_IO  Ted_NP  Drake_NP  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  stationed_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  .  
  Campbell_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Scottish_JJ  international_JJ  winger_NN  ,_,  played_VVD  for_IO  Chelsea_NP  for_IO  six_MC  seasons_NNS  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  Reading_NP  in_IO  1954_MC  .  
  Dave_NP  Dick_NP  is_VBZ  fined_VBN  for_IO  'chase_NN  error_NN  :_:  Ragd_NP  falls_VBZ  .  
  from_IO  Peter_NP  Scott_NP  :_:  Fontwell_NP  Park_NNL1  ,_,  Monday_NN1  .  
  crack_JB  Epsom_NP  jockey_NN  Dave_NP  Dick_NP  was_VBDZ  right_RR  out_RP  of_IO  luck_NN  here_RL  at_IO  Fontwell_NP  Park_NNL1  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  two_MC  fancied_JJ  mounts_NNS  for_IO  Bryan_NP  Marshall's_PPIO2  Lambourn_NP  stable_NN  but_CCB  Bold_NP  Ruler_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  cost_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  *+15_NNU  fine_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  stewards_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  ,_,  Ragd_NP  ,_,  tumbled_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  fence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Horsham_NP  handicap_NN  'chase_NN  .  
  Dick's_PPIO2  fine_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  carelessness_NN  in_IO  mistaking_VBG  a_AT1  plain_JJ  fence_NN  in_IO  division_NN  1_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Findon_NP  novices_NNS  'chase_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  jump_NN  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  water_NN  obstacle_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  excluded_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  very_RG  heavy_JJ  going_NN  .  
  Bold_NP  Ruler_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  lead_NN  when_CS Dick_NP  made_VVD  his_APP$  mistake_NN  four_MC  fences_NNS  from_IO  home_NN1  .  excavation_NN  work_NN  identifies_VBZ  shrine_NN  chapel_NN  .  
  Walsingham_NP  evidence_NN  .  
  excavation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  building_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ruined_JJ  priory_NN  church_NN  at_IO  Walsingham_NP  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  this_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shrine_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  Lady_NNSB1  ,_,  visited_VBN  and_CC  described_VBN  by_IO  William_NP  of_IO  Worcester_NP  in_IO  1479_MC  .  
  the_AT1  shrine_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  wooden_JJ  building_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  founded_VBN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  tradition_NN  ,_,  in_IO  \0A.D_RR  1061_MC    though_CS  historians_NNS  have_VH0  in_RR  general_RR  placed_VBN  it_PPH1  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR    and_CC  a_AT1  generation_NN  later_RRR  the_AT1  priory_NN  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  to_TO  guard_VV0  the_AT1  shrine_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  stone_NN  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  and_CC  protect_VV0  the_AT1  original_JJ  shrine_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  building_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    Novum_&FW  Opus_&FW    of_IO  William_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  first_RR  recorded_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  description_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  seen_VBN  by_IO  Erasmus_NP  in_IO  1511_MC  .  
  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  since_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  test_NN  excavation_NN  by_IO  Canon_NNSB1  James_NP  Lee_NP  Warner_NP  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  some_DD  controversy_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  on_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  findings_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  new_JJ  excavations_NNS  ,_,  directed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  archaeological_JJ  consultant_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Green_NP  ,_,  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Walsingham_NP  excavation_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  designed_VBN  to_TO  resolve_VV0  these_DD2  difficulties_NNS  .  
  remodelled_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  priory_NN  church_NN  have_VH0  long_RR  made_VBN  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  extensive_JJ  building_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  14th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  original_JJ  Norman_JJ  church_NN  was_VBDZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  aisled_JJ  church_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  tower_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  modified_VBN  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  century_NN  when_CS the_AT1  east_NN1  window_NN  was_VBDZ  remodelled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  perpendicular_JJ  style_NN  .  
  embedded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  wall_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  church_NN  were_VBDR  found_VBN  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  Norman_JJ  church_NN  and_CC  some_DD  direct_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  tower_NN  which_DDQ  before_II  had_VHD  been_VBN  known_VBN  only_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  medieval_JJ  description_NN  .  
  the_AT1  excavations_NNS  also_RR  showed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  shortly_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  church_NN  itself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  rebuilt_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  chapel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shrine_NN  was_VBDZ  erected_VBN  .  
  further_JB  confirmation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  purpose_NN  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  layout_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  lay_VVD  at_IO  an_AT1  angle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  showing_VBG  that_CS  its_APP$  contents_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  more_DA  importance_NN  even_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  its_APP$  massive_JJ  walls_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  gave_VVD  evidence_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  precious_JJ  contents_NNS  .  
  post-holes_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  wooden_JJ  shrine_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  direct_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  stood_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  floor_NN  .  
  as_CS  this_DD1  floor_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  almost_RR  completely_RR  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  no_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  shrine_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  detected_VBN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  levelling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sloping_JJ  site_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  builders_NNS  had_VHD  destroyed_VBN  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  surface_NN  .  
  but_CCB  indications_NNS  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  post-holes_NNS  and_CC  supports_NNS  which_DDQ  belonged_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  ,_,  in_IO  use_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  ,_,  gave_VVD  evidence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  contained_JJ  wooden_JJ  building_NN  ,_,  though_CS  their_APP$  remnants_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  its_APP$  exact_JJ  size_NN  and_CC  plan_NN  .  
  this_DD1  levelling_NN  had_VHD  another_DD1  ,_,  unexpected_JJ  ,_,  result_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  an_AT1  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  cemetery_NN  of_IO  much_RR  earlier_JJ  date_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  graves_NNS  were_VBDR  seen_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  cut_VBN  through_IO  and_CC  destroyed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  builders_NNS  .  
  pagan_JJ  site_NN  .  
  with_IO  them_PPHO1  occurred_VVD  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  post-holes_NNS  of_IO  similar_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  forming_VBG  a_AT1  pattern_NN  not_XX  closely_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  date_NN  and_CC  nature_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  suggest_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  pagan_JJ  Saxon_JJ  shrine_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  site_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  early_JJ  Christian_JJ  priests_NNS  often_RR  built_VVD  their_APP$  new_JJ  churches_NNS  on_IO  pagan_JJ  sites_NNS  ,_,  thus_RR  hallowing_VBG  the_AT1  temple_NN  sites_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heathen_JJ  deities_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  strong_JJ    treasure_NN  house_NN    or_CC  sacristy_NN  had_VHD  later_RRR  been_VBN  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  porch_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  end_NN  ,_,  of_IO  still_RR  later_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  being_VBG  built_VBN  in_IO  1511_MC  when_CS Erasmus_NP  described_VVD  the_AT1  chapel_NN  as_CS    unfinished_JJ  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  stone-built_JJ  tomb_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Bartholomew_NP  Burghersh_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  in_IO  1369_MC  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  stone_NN  coffin_NN  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  canon_NN  in_IO  charge_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  dissolution_NN  in_IO  1539_MC  .  
  second_MD  pilot_NN  vessel_NN  launched_VBN  at_IO  Lowestoft_NP  .  
  the_AT1  pilot_NN  vessel_NN  Preceder_NP  ,_,  second_MD  of_IO  two_MC  sister_NN  ships_NNS  which_DDQ  Brooke_NP  marine_NN  are_VBR  building_VBG  for_IO  Trinity_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  launched_VBN  at_IO  Lowestoft_NP  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Galpin_NP  ,_,  wife_NN  of_IO  \0Capt_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0J_NP  Galpin_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  elder_JJ  brother_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  launching_NN  party_NN  were_VBDR  Field-Marshal_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Claude_NP  Auchinleck_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  Dowsett_NP  holdings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  parent_NN  company_NN  of_IO  Brooke_NP  marine_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0L_NP  Dowsett_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  Brooke_NP  marine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Capt_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Mansfield_NP  ,_,  superintendent_NN  pilot_NN  at_IO  Harwich_NP  .  
  before_IO  being_VBG  launched_VBN  the_AT1  ship_NN  was_VBDZ  blessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  of_IO  Lowestoft_NP  (_(  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Westwood_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Preceder_NP  ,_,  sister_NN  ship_NN  to_IO  Patrol_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  launched_VBN  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  39_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  beam_NN  of_IO  24_MC  feet_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  draught_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  feet_NNS  five_MC  inches_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  powered_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  six-cylinder_JB  Lister_NP  engines_NNS  which_DDQ  develop_VV0  495_MC  \0b.h.p_NNU  driving_VBG  a_AT1  single_JJ  screw_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  designed_JJ  speed_NN  of_IO  just_RR  under_RR  13_MC  knots_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  equipped_VBN  with_IO  radar_NN  and_CC  echo_NN  sounder_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  combined_JJ  \0A.M.S.M_NP  /_CC  \0VHF_JJ  set_NN  ,_,  and_CC  medium_JB  frequency_NN  radio_NN  telephone_NN  .  
  accommodation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  crew_NN  of_IO  20_MC  with_IO  Pullman-type_JB  bunks_NNS  for_IO  12_MC  pilots_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  will_VM  carry_VV0  two_MC  boarding_NN  boats_NNS  and_CC  inflatable_JJ  life_NN  rafts_NNS  .  
  when_CS completed_VBN  in_IO  December_NN1  she_PPHO1  will_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  duties_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  tender_NN  between_IO  Harwich_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  pilot_NN  cutter_NN  on_IO  station_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Sunk_NP  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  will_VM  speed_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  service_NN  considerably_RR  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  replace_VV0  a_AT1  nine-knot_JB  ship_NN  .  
  nine_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  drop_NN  in_IO  farm_NN  incomes_NNS  .  
  farm_NN  incomes_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  in_IO  1959_MC  fell_VVD  by_RP  nearly_RR  nine_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  booklet_NN  published_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  farmers'_NN2  union_NN  .  
  figures_NNS  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  booklet_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  union's_NN1$  farm_NN  accounts_NNS  scheme_NN  ,_,  show_VV0  that_CS  except_IO  for_II  cereal_NN  growers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  dry_JJ  summer_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  generally_RR  favourable_JJ  to_IO  farmers_NNS  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  grazing_NN  caused_VBN  by_IO  drought_NN  necessitated_VVD  heavy_JJ  purchases_NNS  of_IO  feeding_NN  stuffs_NNS  .  
  record_NN  cereal_NN  crops_NNS  largely_RR  account_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  nine_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  earnings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  arable_JJ  farms_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  fell_VVD  by_IO  about_RR  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  dairy_NN  farms_NNS  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  booklet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  livestock_NN  sector_NN  fared_VVD  worse_RRR  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  a_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  17_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  that_DD1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  18_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  on_IO  mixed_JJ  livestock_NN  farms_NNS  ,_,  incomes_NNS  fell_VVD  by_IO  over_RR  11_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  on_IO  dairy_NN  farms_NNS  and_CC  mixed_JJ  dairy_NN  farms_NNS  ,_,  profits_NNS  fell_VVD  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  slight_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  revenue_NN  was_VBDZ    substantially_RR  outweighed_VBN    by_IO  heavy_JJ  increases_NNS  in_IO  feeding_NN  stuff_NN  expenditure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  booklet_NN  also_RR  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  substantial_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  egg_NN  output_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  led_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  price_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  income_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  expenditure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  profits_NNS  of_IO  specialist_JJ  egg_NN  producers_NNS  fell_VVD  by_IO  over_RR  58_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  profits_NNS  on_IO  mixed_JJ  farms_NNS  where_CS egg_NN  production_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  largest_JJT  single_JJ  enterprise_NN  fell_VVD  by_IO  over_RR  seven_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  ,_,  says_VBZ  the_AT1  booklet_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  based_VBN  on_IO  sample_NN  accounts_NNS  of_IO  3709_MC  farms_NNS  whose_PNQV$  year-ending_JB  date_NN  fell_VVD  between_IO  June_NN1  1st_MD  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  May_NN1  31st_MD  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  West_NP  Raynham_NP  airman_NN  sent_VBN  for_IO  trial_NN  .  
  Patrick_NP  Joseph_NP  Maloney_NP  (_(  27_MC  )_)  ,_,  of_IO  36_MC  ,_,  airmen's_NN2  married_JJ  quarters_NNS  ,_,  \0R.A.F_NP  West_NP  Raynham_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  committed_VBN  to_IO  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  at_IO  Fakenham_NP  court_NN  yesterday_NN1  on_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  breaking_VBG  and_CC  entering_VBG  a_AT1  lock-up_JB  coffee_NN  bar_NN  in_IO  Bridge_NNL1  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Fakenham_NP  ,_,  between_IO  August_NN1  10th_MD  and_CC  11th_MD  and_CC  stealing_VBG  a_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  sweets_NNS  ,_,  chocolates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  money_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  total_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  *+4_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  8_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brian_NP  John_NP  Bedford_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  service_NN  engineer_NN  ,_,  of_IO  28_MC  ,_,  Grange_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Bushey_NP  ,_,  Hertfordshire_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  acting_JJ  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coffee_NN  bar_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  one_MC1  morning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  shelf_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  chocolates_NNS  and_CC  sweets_NNS  were_VBDR  placed_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  bare_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  rear_JB  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  premises_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  forced_VBN  .  
  green_JJ  fibres_NNS  .  
  \0P.C_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0D_NP  Willsher_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  examined_VVD  the_AT1  coffee_NN  bar_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  several_DA  green_JJ  fibres_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  door_NN  post_NN  and_CC  also_RR  on_IO  two_MC  crates_NNS  of_IO  soft_JJ  drinks_NNS  .  
  later_RRR  Maloney_NP  produced_VVD  the_AT1  clothing_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  previous_JJ  day_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  included_VVD  a_AT1  green_JJ  wool_NN  sweater_NN  .  
  Maloney_NP  was_VBDZ  cautioned_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    if_CS  you_PPY  come_VV0  round_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  house_NN  at_IO  4.30_MC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  stuff_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  later_RRR  produced_VVD  the_AT1  sweets_NNS  and_CC  chocolates_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  cardboard_NN  box_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  two_MC  piggy_NN  banks_NNS  which_DDQ  contained_VVD  18_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  cash_NN  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  money_NN  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  .    
  in_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  \0P.C_NNSB1  Willsher_NP  ,_,  Maloney_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  row_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  booze_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  done_VBN  it_PPH1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  had_VHN  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  drink_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sorry_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  inconvenience_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  caused_VBN  the_AT1  coffee_NN  bar_NN  manager_NN  .  
  in_IO  court_NN  Maloney_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  confirm_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  statement_NN  and_CC  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thoroughly_RR  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  granted_VBN  bail_NN  .  
  Felmingham_NP  funeral_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0T_NP  Lawrence_NP  .  
  the_AT1  funeral_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lucy_NP  May_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  wife_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ernest_NP  Thomas_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  of_IO  1_MC1  ,_,  Heath_NNL1  View_NP  ,_,  Felmingham_NP  ,_,  took_VVD  place_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Andrew's_PPIO2  Church_NNL1  ,_,  Felmingham_NP  .  
  the_AT1  assistant_NN  curate_NN  of_IO  North_NP  Walsham_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Michael_NP  Pavey_NP  ,_,  officiated_VVD  ,_,  assisted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  minister_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Walsham_NP  methodist_JJ  circuit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Staden_NP  .  
  born_VBN  at_IO  Worstead_NP  77_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lawrence_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  land_NN  worker_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  and_CC  received_VVD  a_AT1  diploma_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  agriculture_NN  .  
  for_IO  17_MC  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  national_JJ  savings_NNS  collector_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lawrence_NP  leaves_VBZ  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  two_MC  sons_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  daughters_NNS  .  
  family_NN  mourners_NNS  were_VBDR  :_:  the_AT1  widower_NN  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Foulger_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Amies_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0T_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0jun_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Bindley_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Lester_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Foulger_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0B_NP  Foulger_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Amies_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0J_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  \0S_NP  Cox_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  \0B_NP  Tyrrell_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Baker_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Hicks_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Lane_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0jun_JJ  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0T_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0jun_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Hicks_NP  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  attend_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  north_NN1  Norfolk_NP  constituency_NN  labour_NN  party_NN  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  .  
  theft_NN  by_IO  Rolls_NP  Royce_NP  van_NN  man_NN  .  
  a_AT1  police_NNS  constable_NN  was_VBDZ  cycling_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  beat_NN  at_IO  Foulsham_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  removing_VBG  piping_NN  from_IO  huts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  derelict_JJ  airfield_NN  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  Reepham_NP  magistrates_NNS  were_VBDR  told_VBN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  Anthony_NP  Bower_NP  (_(  21_MC  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  carpenter_NN  ,_,  of_IO  Rake's_PPIO2  Progress_NP  ,_,  Guestwick_NP  ,_,  pleaded_VVD  guilty_JJ  to_IO  stealing_VBG  asbestos_NN  guttering_NN  ,_,  pipe_NN  and_CC  outlets_NNS  valued_VBN  at_IO  *+2_NNU  9_MC  \0s_NNU  2_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ministry_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  *+5_NNU  after_IO  admitting_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  a_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP  van_NN  without_IO  insurance_NN  .  
  Inspector_NNSB1  John_NP  Kenny_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  \0P.C_NNSB1  James_NP  Dent_NP  saw_VVD  Bower_NP  removing_VBG  the_AT1  guttering_NN  .  
  nearby_RR  stood_VVD  Bower's_PPIO2  Rolls-Royce_NP  van_NN  with_IO  some_DD  guttering_NN  inside_RP  .  
  derelict_JJ  cottage_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  Bower_NP  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  got_VBN  possession_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  derelict_JJ  cottage_NN  in_IO  Guestwick_NP  rent_NN  free_RR  and_CC  intended_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  guttering_NN  for_IO  repairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  inspector_NN  said_VVD  defendant_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  helpful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  chairman_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  ,_,  asked_VVD  Bower_NP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  accept_VV0  probation_NN  ,_,  Bower_NP  asked_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  alternative_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  fine_NN  .  
  Bower_NP  :_:  
  how_CS much_DA  would_VM  the_AT1  fine_NN  be_VB0  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  :_:  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  Bower_NP  :_:  
  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  accept_VV0  probation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  on_IO  probation_NN  for_IO  12_MC  months_NNS  .  
  very_RG  unsatisfactory_JJ  marriage_NN  ,_,  court_NN  told_VBN  .  
  how_CS people_NNS  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  could_VM  build_VV0  a_AT1  happy_JJ  married_JJ  life_NN  when_CS their_APP$  sole_JB  object_NN  ,_,  whenever_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  enough_DD  money_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  separate_VV0  and_CC  spend_VV0  the_AT1  evening_NN  in_IO  different_JJ  public-houses_NNS  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  ,_,  said_VVD  Judge_NNSB1  Carey_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  as_IO  commissioner_NN  for_IO  divorce_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Norwich_NP  divorce_NN  court_NN  yesterday_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  granted_VVD  a_AT1  decree_NN  nisi_CS  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  George_NP  Boyce_NP  ,_,  of_IO  29_MC  ,_,  Green_NP  Lane_NNL1  Estate_NNL1  ,_,  Fakenham_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  desertion_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  adultery_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  exercised_VVD  his_APP$  discretion_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  husband's_NN1$  admitted_JJ  adultery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wife_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Nancy_NP  Audrey_NP  Boyce_NP  ,_,  of_IO  9_MC  ,_,  Green_NP  Lane_NNL1  Estate_NNL1  ,_,  Fakenham_NP  ,_,  denied_VVD  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  allegations_NNS  and_CC  alleged_JJ  cruelty_NN  ,_,  desertion_NN  and_CC  adultery_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  .  court_NN  quiz_NN  on_IO  identity_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  police_NNS  methods_NNS  of_IO  holding_VBG  identity_NN  parades_NNS  were_VBDR  questioned_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  Darlington_NP  court_NN  today_NN1  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Colin_NP  Black_NP  ,_,  defending_JJ  solicitor_NN  for_IO  28-year-old_JB  unemployed_JJ  labourer_NN  ,_,  James_NP  Rudd_NP  Fenwick_NP  of_IO  Estoril_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Darlington_NP  .  
  \0Det.-Con_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Hammond_NP  gave_VVD  evidence_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  Hughes_NP  ,_,  another_DD1  witness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  standing_VBG  in_IO  Northgate_NP  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  October_NN1  8_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  had_VHD  recognised_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  asked_VBN  \0D.C_NNSB1  Hammond_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  light_NN  .  
  cross-examination_NN  .  
  cross-examining_VBG  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  asked_VVD  :_:  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  suggest_VV0  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  that_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  man_NN  .      
    no_UH  .    
    why_CS were_VBDR  you_PPY  in_IO  Northgate_NP  .      
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  there_RL  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  identifying_VBG  the_AT1  defendant_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  along_RP  .    
    ah_UH  ,_,  is_VBZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  an_AT1  identity_NN  parade_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stanley_NP  Walton_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  ,_,  stood_VVD  up_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  object_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  identity_NN  parade_NN  .    
  question_NN  reframed_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  reframe_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  been_VBN  trained_VBN  in_IO  methods_NNS  of_IO  identity_NN  parade_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  correct_JJ  way_NN  .      
    there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  strict_JJ  way_NN  .    
    you_PPY  refuse_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  straight_JJ  answer_NN  .      
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  answered_VVD  your_APP$  question_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Walton_NP  rose_VVD  again_RR  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  strict_JJ  way_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  :_:  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  reframe_VV0  again_RR  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  recommended_JJ  method_NN  .      
    yes_UH  ,_,  when_CS applicable_JJ  .    
    this_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  such_DA  a_AT1  case_NN  .      
    no_UH  .    
    why_CS were_VBDR  you_PPY  particularly_RR  in_IO  Northgate_NP  .      
    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  defendant_NN  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  along_RP  .  
  some_DD  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  had_VHD  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  .    
    had_VHD  Hughes_NP  been_VBN  shown_VBN  photographs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  defendant_NN  .      
    yes_UH  .    
    and_CC  other_DA  men_NNS  .      
    yes_UH  .    
  sent_VBN  for_IO  trial_NN  .  
  Fenwick_NP  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  for_IO  trial_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  Durham_NP  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  on_IO  charges_NNS  of_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  car_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  owner's_NN1$  consent_NN  ,_,  stealing_VBG  a_AT1  car_NN  radio_NN  and_CC  driving_VBG  while_CS  disqualified_VVD  .  
  bail_NN  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  defence_NN  certificate_NN  granted_VBN  .  
  through_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  ,_,  Fenwick_NP  denied_VVD  all_DB  three_MC  charges_NNS  and_CC  reserved_VVD  his_APP$  defence_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  elected_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  for_IO  trial_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  third_MD  count_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fourth_MD  case_NN  of_IO  driving_VBG  while_CS  uninsured_JJ  was_VBDZ  adjourned_VBN  sine_&FW  die_&FW  .  
  when_CS Fenwick_NP  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  court_NN    20_MC  minutes_NNS  late_RR    \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  apologised_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  two_MC  children_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  is_VBZ  expecting_VBG  another_DD1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  arrange_VV0  for_IO  his_APP$  mother-in-law_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  in_RP  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  come_VV0  out_RP  .    
  Fenwick_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  court_NN  when_CS police_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  parked_JJ  car_NN  .  
  Darlington_NP  company_NN  director_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brian_NP  Neasham_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  parked_VBN  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  car_NN  on_IO  waste_JJ  ground_NN  next_RR  to_IO  their_APP$  Bowes_NP  Street_NNL1  premises_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  October_NN1  4_MC  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  an_AT1  hour_NN  later_RRR  the_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  returned_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  Middlesbrough_NP  police_NNS  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  damaged_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  radio_NN  was_VBDZ  missing_JJ  .    
  outlining_VBG  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Walton_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    in_IO  fairness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  defendant_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  abandoned_VBN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  garagehand_NN  at_IO  Neasham's_PPIO2  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sweeping_VBG  the_AT1  yard_NN  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  he_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  defendant_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wanting_VBG  a_AT1  van_NN  or_CC  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  see_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Burley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  manager_NN  .  
  the_AT1  defendant_NN  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  waited_VVD  some_DD  time_NN  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  .  
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  pointed_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Burley_NP  out_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  later_RRR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  car_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  cross_NN  examined_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  agreed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  the_AT1  man_NN  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  only_RR  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  once_RR  since_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  defendant_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  man_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  light_JJ  fawn_NN  coloured_JJ  mac_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  greyish_JJ  flat_JJ  cap_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  taking_VBG  much_DA  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  suspicious_JJ  or_CC  anything_PN1  .    
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Fenwick_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG    a_AT1  suit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  khaki_NN  drill_NN  colour_NN  .    
  heard_VVD  car_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kenneth_NP  Burley_NP  could_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  positive_JJ  identification_NN  of_IO  anyone_PN1  in_IO  court_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Burley_NP  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  waiting_VBG  for_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  and_CC  interested_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  van_NN  .    
  objected_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  :_:  
    surely_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  hearsay_NN  .    
  retorted_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Walton_NP  :_:  
    if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  miss_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Burley_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  engine_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Neasham's_PPIO2  car_NN  start_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  stall_VV0  twice_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  drivers_NNS  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Neasham_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ran_VVD  towards_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  moved_VVD  off_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  waste_JJ  ground_NN  towards_IO  Brunswick_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
    I_PPIS1  ran_VVD  after_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  into_IO  Brunswick_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  driver_NN  looked_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  stood_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  light_JJ  coloured_JJ  raincoat_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cloth_NN  cap_NN  .    
  at_IO  Middlesbrough_NP  .  
  Middlesbrough_NP  welder_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Breckon_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Snowdon_NP  Street_NNL1  told_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Middlesbrough_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  Sussex_NP  Street_NNL1  and_CC  Richmond_NP  Street_NNL1  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  4_MC  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  cafe_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  Darlington_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_IO  Stockton_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  defendant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  got_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  about_RR  15_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  and_CC  drove_VVD  off_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  green_JJ  Ford_NP  Consul_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  cross_NN  examined_VBN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  green_JJ  Ford_NP  Consul_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  hard_JJ  top_NN    like_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  saloon_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  definitely_RR  not_XX  a_AT1  convertible_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Consul_NP  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  Zephyr_NP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG    a_AT1  greyish_JJ  coloured_JJ  jacket_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  raincoat_NN  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  street_NN  lamp_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  about_RR  24_MC  feet_NNS  away_RP  .  
  on_IO  duty_NN  .  
  re-examined_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Walton_NP  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  tell_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  Consul_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  Zephyr_NP  and_CC  this_DD1  car_NN    was_VBDZ  going_VBG  away_RP  fast_RR  .    
  Middlesbrough_NP  policeman_NN  Colin_NP  Redman_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  duty_NN  in_IO  Gosford_NP  Street_NNL1  walking_VBG  towards_IO  Sussex_NP  Street_NNL1  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  green_JJ  Ford_NP  Zephyr_NP  parked_VBN  outside_IO  a_AT1  cafe_NN  .  
    before_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  on_IO  duty_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  received_VBN  information_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  me_PPIO1  interested_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  car_NN  .    
  when_CS it_PPH1  drove_VVD  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  with_IO  headlights_NNS  full_RR  on_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  flashed_VVD  his_APP$  torch_NN  .  
  the_AT1  driver_NN  ignored_VVD  the_AT1  signal_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  jump_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  defendant_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  driver_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG    a_AT1  corduroy_NN  flat_JJ  cap_NN  ,_,  sports_NNS  jacket_NN  and_CC  dark_JJ  trousers_NNS  .    
  cross_NN  examined_VBN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  20_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  definitely_RR  a_AT1  convertible_NN  .  
  the_AT1  street_NN  lighting_NN  was_VBDZ  sulphur_NN  lights_NNS  on_IO  standards_NNS  about_RR  30_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  at_IO  Northgate_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  that_CS  sulphur_NN  lighting_NN  sometimes_RR  cast_VVD  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  colour_NN  on_IO  people's_NN2  faces_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB    the_AT1  cafe_NN  strip_NN  lighting_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  on_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  outside_RP  .    
  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  light_NN  was_VBDZ    about_RR  six_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  car_NN  .    
  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  sure_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  asked_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  fairly_RR  sure_JJ  of_IO  my_APP$  answer_NN  .    
    so_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  witness_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  24_MC  feet_NNS  .    went_VVD  on_RP  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  .    
    yes_UH  .    
  \0D_NNSB1  \0C_NNSB1  Hammond_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  defendant_NN  had_VHD  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  Northgate_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hughes_NP  in_IO  Northgate_NP  .  
  the_AT1  defendant_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  wearing_VBG    a_AT1  green_JJ  checked_JJ  suit_NN  .    
  reserved_VVD  defence_NN  .  
  when_CS charged_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  office_NN  with_IO  taking_VBG  without_IO  consent_NN  ,_,  Fenwick_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  anywhere_RR  near_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  (_(  Neasham_NP  )_)    .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Middlesbrough_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Wednesday_NN1  and_CC  came_VVD  back_RP  by_IO  taxi_NN  about_IO  midnight_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  girl_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  about_IO  six_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  take_VV0  any_DD  car_NN  .    
  charged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  offences_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  Durham_NP  policeman_NN  John_NP  Middlemiss_NP  said_VVD  Fenwick_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  convicted_VBN  of_IO  taking_VBG  without_IO  consent_NN  ,_,  driving_JJ  while_CS  disqualified_VVD  ,_,  using_VBG  an_AT1  uninsured_JJ  vehicle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  using_VBG  obscene_JJ  language_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Durham_NP  court_NN  in_IO  1956_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  then_RL  been_VBN  banned_VBN  from_IO  driving_NN  for_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  charges_NNS  were_VBDR  read_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  court_NN  ,_,  through_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Black_NP  ,_,  Fenwick_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  plead_VV0    not_XX  guilty_JJ    and_CC  reserve_VV0  my_APP$  defence_NN  .    
  Lady_NNSB1  Chaytor_NP  fined_VBN  *+50_NNU  and_CC  banned_VBN  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Patricia_NP  Chaytor_NP    well-known_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  horse_NN  lover_NN    was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  *+50_NNU  and_CC  banned_VBN  from_IO  driving_NN  for_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  at_IO  Bishop_NP  Auckland_NP  today_NN1  following_IO  a_AT1  collision_NN  involving_VBG  two_MC  national_JJ  hunt_NN  jockeys_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wife_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Chaytor_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  50-roomed_JB  Witton_NP  Castle_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  picturesque_JJ  village_NN  of_IO  Witton-le-Wear_NP  .  
  denied_VVD  charge_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  solicitor_NN  Lady_NNSB1  Chaytor_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS denied_VVD  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  driving_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  witness_NN  box_NN  .  
  Jerry_NP  Scott_NP  (_(  last_DA  year's_NN1$  winner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grand_JJ  national_NN  )_)  and_CC  his_APP$  jockey_NN  friend_NN  Pat_NP  McCarron_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  evidence_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  .  
    these_DD2  two_MC  men_NNS  almost_RR  ended_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Auckland_NP  cemetery_NN    in_IO  more_DA  senses_NNS  than_IO  one_MC1  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Hewitt_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  .  
  while_CS  driving_VBG  towards_IO  Darlington_NP  through_IO  West_NP  Auckland_NP  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  another_DD1  car_NN  approaching_VBG    on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  quick_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
    only_RR  the_AT1  quick_JJ  thinking_NN  of_IO  Pat_NP  saved_VVD  a_AT1  head-on_JB  collision_NN  ,_,    Scott_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  drew_VVD  near_II  McCarron_NP  swung_VVD  their_APP$  car_NN  sharply_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
    but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  slight_JJ  collision_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  drove_VVD  on_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  repeat_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  then_RL  !_!    
  the_AT1  two_MC  jockeys_NNS  in_IO  Scott's_PPIO2  car_NN  turned_VVD  around_RP  using_VBG  the_AT1  open_JJ  gates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cemetery_NN  and_CC  chased_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  finally_RR  caught_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  West_NP  Auckland_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  my_APP$  eye_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  it_PPH1  smashed_VVD  into_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,    Scott_NP  said_VVD  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  car_NN    if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  excuse_VV0  the_AT1  expression_NN    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  driver_NN  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  hell_NN  are_VBR  you_PPY  doing_VBG  .    
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  reply_VV0  .    
  slight_JJ  damage_NN  .  
  \0PC_NNSB1  John_NP  Peacock_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  some_DD  slight_JJ  damage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  nearside_NN  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chaytor's_PPIO2  car_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  refused_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  statement_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  had_VHN  an_AT1  accident_NN  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .    
  when_CS told_VBN  about_IO  proceedings_NNS  being_VBG  taken_VBN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  
    you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  like_VV0  .    
  for_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chaytor_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0N_NP  Foster_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Darlington_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  bringing_VBG  his_APP$  client_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  witness-box_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  any_DD  assistance_NN    because_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  recollect_VV0  this_DD1  incident_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  driving_VBG  for_IO  25_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  had_VHN  no_AT1  previous_JJ  convictions_NNS  .  
  received_VVD  drugs_NNS  .  
    she_PPHO1  stoutly_RR  denies_VBZ  this_DD1  charge_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  recollection_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  accident_NN  .    
  two_MC  days_NNS  before_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Chaytor_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  hospital_NN  for_IO  observation_NN  and_CC  during_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  had_VHD  received_VBN  drugs_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  which_DDQ  contained_VVD  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  pheno-barbitone_NN  .  
    the_AT1  only_DA  conclusion_NN  she_PPHO1  can_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  regarding_IO  this_DD1  accident_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  when_CS it_PPH1  happened_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suffering_VBG  from_IO  drowsiness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drugs_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  youths_NNS  stole_VVD  petrol_NN  from_IO  parked_JJ  car_NN  .  
  a_AT1  *+200_NNU  motor-cycle_NN  bought_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  16-year-old_JB  youth_NN  out_RP  of_IO  trouble_NN  landed_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  hire-purchase_NN  payment_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  .  
  speaking_VBG  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  son_NN  before_IO  a_AT1  Darlington_NP  court_NN  today_NN1  a_AT1  working_JJ  mother_NN  said_VVD  that_CS    his_APP$  heart_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RR  set_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  motor-bike_NN    that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  paid_VBN  a_AT1  *+50_NNU  deposit_NN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  one_MC1  for_IO  his_APP$  birthday_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  begun_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  balance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  *+2_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  help_VV0  .  
  asked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bench_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Hemingway_NP  ,_,  how_CS much_DA  her_APP$  son_NN  paid_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  keep_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  *+3_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  begun_VBN  to_TO  earn_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  himself_PPX1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  tax_NN  and_CC  insurance_NN  but_CCB  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  help_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  payments_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  youth_NN  appeared_VVD  with_IO  another_DD1  motor-cyclist_NN  ,_,  Henry_NP  Ernest_NP  Chapman_NP  (_(  19_MC  )_)  ,_,  of_IO  Railway_NP  Cottages_NPLS  ,_,  Hurworth_NP  Place_NNL1  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  joint_JB  charge_NN  of_IO  stealing_VBG  petrol_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  pleaded_VVD  guilty_JJ  .  
  prosecuting_VBG  ,_,  \0Chief-Insp_NNSB1  James_NP  Richardson_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  two_MC  policemen_NNS  found_VVD  Chapman_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  youth_NN  hiding_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  yard_NN  off_IO  Skinner-gate_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  30_MC  .  
  asked_VBN  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  motor-cycle_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS further_RRR  questioned_VBN  ,_,  Chapman_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    \0O.K_UH  .  
  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  found_VBN  us_PPIO2   out_RP  .    Warwick_NP  racecourse_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  red_NN  .  
  Warwick_NP  racecourse_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  red_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  still_RR  showing_VBG  a_AT1  loss_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  racecourse_NN  committee_NN  chairman_NN  Alderman_NNSB1  Guy_NP  Nelson_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  July_NN1  meeting_NN  of_IO  Warwick_NP  town_NN  council_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  that_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  committee_NN  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  increase_VV0  prize_NN  money_NN  when_CS asked_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  by_IO  the_AT1  jockey_NN  club_NN  .  
  Alderman_NNSB1  Nelson_NP  was_VBDZ  replying_VBG  to_IO  two_MC  questions_NNS  from_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS asked_VVD  why_CS the_AT1  committee_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  carried_JJ  out_RP  the_AT1  jockey_NN  club's_NN1$  request_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Vittle_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  owners_NNS  and_CC  trainers_NNS  would_VM  stop_VV0  running_VBG  their_APP$  horses_NNS  at_IO  Warwick_NP  if_CS  the_AT1  prize_NN  money_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  increased_VBN  .  
  postponed_VBN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Walters_NP  asked_VVD  why_CS the_AT1  committee_NN  had_VHD  refused_VBN  the_AT1  increase_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  found_VVD  out_RP  about_IO  other_DA  racecourses_NNS  .  
    is_VBZ  our_APP$  prize_NN  money_NN  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  theirs_PP$  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  Alderman_NNSB1  Nelson_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  committee_NN  had_VHD  only_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  increase_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  postponed_VBN  until_CS  a_AT1  decision_NN  on_IO  betting_NN  levy_NN  contributions_NNS  to_IO  racecourse_NN  executives_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  received_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  still_RR  get_VV0  plenty_NN  of_IO  horses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  horses_NNS  that_PNQS come_VV0  to_IO  Warwick_NP  do_VD0  not_XX  come_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  prize_NN  money_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  to_TO  bet_VV0  on_IO  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  extensions_NNS  at_IO  Chesford_NP  grange_NN  will_VM  cost_VV0  *+50,000_NNU  .  
  better_RRR  known_VBN  to_IO  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  Coventry_NP  and_CC  Leamington_NP  connoisseurs_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  excellence_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  food_NN  and_CC  wines_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  known_VBN  by_IO  guests_NNS  from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  Chesford_NP  Grange_NP  Hotel_NNL1  will_VM  soon_RR  have_VH0  an_AT1  additional_JJ  21_MC  luxurious_JJ  modern_JJ  bedrooms_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  conference_NN  hall_NN  seating_VBG  200_MC  delegates_NNS  or_CC  120_MC  diners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  bedrooms_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  will_VM  have_VH0  its_APP$  own_DA  private_JJ  bath_NN  or_CC  shower_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  all_DB  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  floor_NN  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  conference_NN  hall_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  entrance_NN  ,_,  bar_NN  ,_,  cloakrooms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  laid_JJ  dance-floor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  hall_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  the_AT1  lilac_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  either_LE  separately_RR  or_CC  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  hall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  valuable_JJ  extension_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  already_RR  comprehensive_JJ  conference_NN  facilities_NNS  .  
  clean_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  links_VBZ  the_AT1  hotel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ballroom_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  white_JJ  rendered_JJ  finish_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  floor_NN  and_CC  timber_NN  facings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  floor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  hall_NN  entrance_NN  is_VBZ  faced_VBN  with_IO  green_JJ  slate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  architectural_JJ  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  building_NN  is_VBZ  clean_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  blends_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  traditional_JJ  architecture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  buildings_NNS  it_PPH1  links_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  complete_JJ  modernisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  entire_JB  drainage_NN  system_NN  ,_,  will_VM  cost_VV0  about_RR  *+50,000_NNU  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  completed_VBN  by_IO  Christmas_NP  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  main_JB  contractors_NNS  are_VBR  Turriff_NP  construction_NN  (_(  Warwick_NP  )_)  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  Warwick_NP  and_CC  London_NP  builders_NNS  .  
  unemployment_NN  decrease_NN  .  
    the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  unemployed_JJ  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  three_MC  months_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  \0N_NP  \0L_NP  Munton_NP  ,_,  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Leamington_NP  and_CC  Warwick_NP  employment_NN  exchange_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Leamington_NP  and_CC  south_NN1  Warwickshire_NP  local_JJ  employment_NN  committee_NN  held_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  chairmanship_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0L_NP  \0I_NP  Bell_NP  ,_,  \0J.P_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  percentage_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  committee_NN  (_(  Leamington_NP  ,_,  Warwick_NP  ,_,  Stratford_NP  and_CC  Southam_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  just_RR  under_RR  .5_MC  compared_VBN  with_IO  .8_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  midland_NN  region_NN  and_CC  1.2_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  varied_JJ  vacancies_NNS  for_IO  both_DB2  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  especially_RR  in_IO  shops_NNS  ,_,  cafes_NNS  ,_,  hotels_NNS  and_CC  domestic_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  nursing_NN  and_CC  electrical_JJ  work_NN  .  
  council_NN  questions_NNS  on_IO  Warwick's_PPIO2  overdraft_NN  .  
  if_CS  Warwick_NP  town_NN  council's_NN1$  bank_NN  overdraft_NN  stopped_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  all_DB  the_AT1  capital_NN  works_NNS  undertaken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  come_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  asked_VVD  Councillor_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Walters_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  July_NN1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  that_DD1  happened_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  council_NN  house_NN  rents_NNS  be_VB0  affected_VBN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Walters_NP  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  finance_NN  committee_NN  recommendation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  should_VM  increase_VV0  its_APP$  overdraft_NN  to_IO  *+250,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  proposal_NN  was_VBDZ  approved_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  surprised_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  made_VBN  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  and_CC  added_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  such_DA  a_AT1  large_JJ  overdraft_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  Warwick's_PPIO2  size_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  wise_JJ  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  committee_NN  had_VHD  chance_NN  to_TO  reply_VV0  ,_,  Councillor_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Vittle_NP  asked_VVD  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wise_JJ  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  overdraft_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  economic_JJ  crisis_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Lloyd-Averns_NP  finance_NN  committee_NN  chairman_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  overdraft_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  large_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  as_CS  many_DA  towns_NNS  smaller_JJ  than_IO  Warwick_NP  had_VHD  greater_JJ  overdraft_NN  facilities_NNS  .  
    its_APP$  main_JB  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  buffer_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  council_NN  house_NN  rents_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  run_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  completely_RR  different_JJ  basis_NN  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  affected_VBN  .    
  Warwick_NP  and_CC  scheme_NN  for_IO  joint_JB  crematorium_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  Warwick_NP  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  instructed_VVD  the_AT1  crematorium_NN  sub-committee_NN  to_TO  oppose_VV0  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  to_TO  build_VV0  a_AT1  crematorium_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  junction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Banbury_NP  and_CC  Heathcote_NP  roads_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sub-committee_NN  will_VM  press_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  crematorium_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  built_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  site_NN    by_IO  Leamington's_PPIO2  Brunswick_NP  Street_NNL1  cemetery_NN  .  
  Warwick_NP  town_NN  council_NN  originally_RR  decided_VVD  to_TO  build_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  crematorium_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  April_NN1  last_DA  year_NN  it_PPH1  abandoned_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  and_CC  entered_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  joint_JB  scheme_NN  with_IO  Leamington_NP  town_NN  council_NN  and_CC  Warwick_NP  rural_JJ  district_NN  council_NN  .  
  after_CS  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  councils_NNS  had_VHD  met_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  the_AT1  crematorium_NN  near_IO  Leamington_NP  cemetery_NN  .  
  *+10,000_NNU  extra_JJ  .  
  after_CS  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  of_IO  architects_NNS  which_DDQ  built_VVD  the_AT1  Medway_NP  crematorium_NN  at_IO  Chatham_NP  had_VHD  inspected_VBN  five_MC  possible_JJ  sites_NNS  ,_,  within_IO  Warwick_NP  and_CC  Leamington_NP  and_CC  Warwick_NP  rural_JJ  district_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  recommended_VVD  the_AT1  site_NN  on_IO  rising_JJ  ground_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  junction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Banbury_NP  and_CC  Heathcote_NP  roads_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  is_VBZ  15_MC  acres_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  Warwick_NP  estates_NNS  committee_NN  ,_,  Alderman_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0J_NP  Ansell_NP  ,_,  outlined_VVD  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  crematorium_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  his_APP$  committee_NN  decided_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  Heathcote_NP  Road_NNL1  site_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  extra_JJ  cost_NN    about_RR  *+10,000_NNU  .  
  piecemeal_RR  .  
  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  planning_NN  and_CC  development_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  Councillor_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0R_NP  \0C_NP  Walden_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  piecemeal_JJ  development_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Heathcote_NP  area_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  areas_NNS  that_PNQS Warwick_NP  could_VM  develop_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  green_JJ  belt_NN  inquiry_NN  proved_VVD  successful_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  to_TO  spoil_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  building_VBG  the_AT1  crematorium_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Leo_NP  Howlett_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  eventual_JJ  cost_NN  was_VBDZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  about_RR  *+125,000_NNU  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  Warwick_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  one_MC1  fifth_NN  .  
    if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  *+25,000_NNU  to_TO  spend_VV0  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   spend_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  maiden_NN  speech_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Donald_NP  Round_NP  made_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  speech_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  council_NN  meeting_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  housing_NN  committee_NN  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  done_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  pavements_NNS  and_CC  street_NN  lighting_NN  at_IO  Spinney_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Warwick_NP  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0L_NP  Tarver_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  housing_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  pavements_NNS  and_CC  street_NN  lighting_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  installed_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  silver_NN    thank_VV0  you_PPY    .  
  to_TO  mark_VV0  his_APP$  services_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  league_NN    and_CC  also_RR  his_APP$  silver_NN  wedding_NN    \0Mr_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Leslie_NP  ,_,  secretary_NN  of_IO  Warwick_NP  Hospital_NNL1  league_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  presented_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  silver_NN  candlesticks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  presentation_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hospital's_NN1$  new_JJ  recreation_NN  hall_NN    which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Leslie_NP  helped_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  .  
  Warwick_NP  mayor_NN  to_TO  campaign_VV0  for_IO  by-pass_NN  .  
  although_CS  proposed_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  25_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  four_MC  years_NNS  before_CS  anything_PN1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  Warwick_NP  by-pass_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  Warwick_NP  (_(  Alderman_NNSB1  James_NP  McGrouther_NP  )_)  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  Warwick_NP  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  committee_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  transport_NN  asking_VBG  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  receive_VV0  a_AT1  deputation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  his_APP$  case_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  approach_VV0  transport_NN  federations_NNS  and_CC  commission_VV0  films_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  traffic_NN  congestion_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  press_NN  for_IO  support_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  take_VV0  all_DB  press_NN  cuttings_NNS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  find_VV0  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  traffic_NN  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Walters_NP  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  council_NN  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  several_DA  small_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  alleviate_VV0  the_AT1  traffic_NN  congestion_NN  .  
    each_DD1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  refused_VBN  by_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  to_IO  Warwick_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  council's_NN1$  action_NN  on_IO  smokeless_JJ  zones_NNS  .  
  Alderman_NNSB1  says_VBZ  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  realists_NNS    .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  frank_JJ  speech_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  delegates_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Warwickshire_NP  clean_JJ  air_NN  council_NN  at_IO  Leamington_NP  ,_,  Alderman_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0H_NP  Fryer_NP  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS Leamington_NP  town_NN  council_NN  had_VHD  postponed_VBN  its_APP$  smokeless_JJ  zones_NNS  programme_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  promised_VVD  that_CS  Leamington_NP  would_VM  not_XX  hang_VV0  back_RP  when_CS there_EX  were_VBDR  sufficient_JJ  supplies_NNS  of_IO  smokeless_JJ  fuels_NNS  available_JJ  .  
  welcoming_VBG  the_AT1  delegates_NNS  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  (_(  Councillor_NNSB1  Miss_NNSB1  Christine_NP  Ledger_NP  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  attending_VBG  the_AT1  royal_JJ  garden_NN  party_NN  at_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  Alderman_NNSB1  Fryer_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  against_IO  smoke_NN  control_NN  for_IO  Leamington_NP  right_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  go_VV0  .  
  must_VM  be_VB0  realists_NNS  .  
    criticism_NN  was_VBDZ  levelled_VBN  at_IO  us_PPIO2   for_IO  going_VBG  back_RP  on_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  started_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  realists_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  change_VV0  the_AT1  Englishman's_NNP$  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  very_RG  gradually_RR  indeed_RGA  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  must_VM  make_VV0  haste_NN  slowly_RR  .  
    the_AT1  zones_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  revoked_VBN  covered_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  lived_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  their_APP$  behalf_NN  ,_,  mainly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  programme_NN  was_VBDZ  revoked_VBN  .  **"_**'  
  temperamental_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  yourselves_PPX2  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  insufficient_JJ  supplies_NNS  of_IO  smokeless_JJ  fuel_NN  and_CC  so_RR  coke_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  coke_NN  is_VBZ  temperamental_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  fire_NN  ,_,  or_CC  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  most_RG  depressing_JJ  sight_NN  .  
    unless_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  give_VV0  people_NNS  a_AT1  similar_JJ  fuel_NN  to_IO  coal_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  price_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS the_AT1  smoke_NN  control_NN  zones_NNS  in_IO  Leamington_NP  were_VBDR  rejected_VBN  .  
    when_CS smokeless_JJ  fuel_NN  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  in_IO  abundance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  price_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  Leamington_NP  Spa_NP  will_VM  not_XX  hang_VV0  back_RP  ,_,    added_VVD  Alderman_NNSB1  Fryer_NP  .  
  doctor's_NN1$  letter_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  quarterly_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  at_IO  Sutton_NP  Coldfield_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  vice-chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  Councillor_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Loosley_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Coventry_NP  ,_,  claimed_VVD  that_CS  Councillor_NNSB1  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Gibbons_NP  Ward_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Leamington_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  started_VBN  the_AT1  campaign_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  smoke_NN  control_NN  zones_NNS  in_IO  Leamington_NP  by_IO  writing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  press_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  council_NN  to_TO  deplore_VV0  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  action_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Gibbons_NP  Ward_NP  said_VVD  unfortunately_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Sutton_NP  Coldfield_NP  meeting_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO    put_VV0  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  things_NNS  right_JJ  .    
    my_APP$  privilege_NN    .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  start_VV0  the_AT1  campaign_NN  by_IO  writing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  press_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wish_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  council_NN  that_CS  any_DD  member_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  disagree_VV0  with_IO  decisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  an_AT1  opinion_NN  without_IO  being_VBG  rebuked_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  privilege_NN  to_TO  differ_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  Councillor_NNSB1  Loosley_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  council_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  another_DD1  meeting_NN  and_CC  decry_VV0  our_APP$  efforts_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  council_NN  to_TO  support_VV0  these_DD2  decisions_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  they_PPHS2  can_VM  keep_VV0  quiet_JJ  .    
  Radford_NP  Semele_NP  raises_VBZ  *+1,000_NNU  .  
  although_CS  formed_VBN  only_RR  18_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  Radford_NP  Semele_NP  playing_NN  field_NN  committee_NN  has_VHZ  raised_VBN  *+1,000_NNU  towards_IO  amenities_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  play_NN  field_NN  .  
  after_IO  buying_VBG  playground_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  committee_NN  still_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  credit_NN  balance_NN  of_IO  *+736_NNU  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  July_NN1  meeting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  committee_NN  agreed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  push_VV0  ahead_RR  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  with_IO  fund_NN  raising_NN  schemes_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  playing_NN  field_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  in_IO  Warwickshire_NP  .  
  committee_NN  chairman_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Bramhall_NP  called_VVD  for_IO  full_JJ  village_NN  support_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  venture_NN  .  
  allotment_NN  land_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  playground_NN  ,_,  council_NN  told_VBN  .  
  land_NN  originally_RR  set_VBN  aside_RP  for_IO  allotments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Percy_NP  estate_NN  ,_,  Warwick_NP  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  suitable_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  children's_NN2  playground_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  Councillor_NNSB1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0A_NP  Brown_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  July_NN1  meeting_NN  of_IO  Warwick_NP  town_NN  council_NN  .  
    land_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  garages_NNS  of_IO  Mill_NNL1  Road_NNL1  and_CC  Pattens_NP  Road_NNL1  was_VBDZ  originally_RR  allocated_VBN  for_IO  allotments_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  the_AT1  land_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  allocated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  allotments_NNS  committee_NN  could_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  children's_NN2  playground_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  help_VV0  some_DD  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0L_NP  Tarver_NP  ,_,  housing_NN  committee_NN  chairman_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  borough_NN  surveyor_NN  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  playgrounds_NNS  problem_NN  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  question_NN  of_IO  urgency_NN  arose_VVD  during_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  holiday_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  surveyor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  mayor_NN  could_VM  get_VV0  together_RR  to_TO  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  best_JJT  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  new_JJ  officer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  midland_NN  woman_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  commissioned_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  army_NN  officer_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  ceremony_NN  in_IO  London_NP  next_DA  week_NN  .  at_IO  18_MC  ,_,  Diana_NP  has_VHZ  met_VBN  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  studies_VBZ  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  visits_VBZ  \0USA_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  debutante_NN  at_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  by_IO  William_NP  Burgess_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  child_NN  when_CS her_APP$  father_NN  took_VVD  her_APP$  name_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  picture_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  trademark_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  business_NN  which_DDQ  today_NN1  has_VHZ  branches_NNS  across_IO  two_MC  continents_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  romance_NN  of_IO  industry_NN  who_PNQS herself_PPX1  is_VBZ  fast_RR  becoming_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  efficient_JJ  practitioners_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Diana_NP  Cowpe_NP  ,_,  18-year-old_JB  daughter_NN  of_IO  textile_NN  tycoon_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Eric_NP  Cowpe_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Thornton_NP  Cleveleys_NP  and_CC  Anchorsholme_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  glittering_JJ  apex_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  young_JJ  career_NN  to_IO  date_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  her_APP$    coming_NN  out_RP    celebration_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  highlight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  social_JJ  season_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  debutantes'_NN2  ball_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  of_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Cowpe_NP  family_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  here_RL  seven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  from_IO  Burnley_NP  ,_,  where_CS blossomed_VVD  the_AT1  business_NN  which_DDQ  today_NN1  supplies_VBZ  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  customers_NNS  in_IO  over_RR  60_MC  different_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  Eric_NP  Cowpe_NP  ,_,  debonair_JJ  industrialist_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  managing_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Diana_NP  Cowpe_NP  organisation_NN  engaged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  bedspreads_NNS  ,_,  bath_NN  mats_NNS  ,_,  toilet_NN  sets_NNS  ,_,  dressing_NN  gowns_NNS  ,_,  housecoats_NNS  ,_,  beach_NN  wear_NN  and_CC  candlewick_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  golden_JJ  girl_NN  a_AT1  fluent_JJ  linguist_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  expert_NN  in_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  fast_RR  making_VBG  herself_PPX1  conversant_JJ  with_IO  every_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  today_NN1  the_AT1  organisation_NN  has_VHZ  over_RR  2,000_MC  employees_NNS  and_CC  uses_VBZ  seven_MC  mills_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  company_NN  further_RRR  extended_VVD  its_APP$  interests_NNS  by_IO  becoming_VBG  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  distributors_NNS  for_IO  Cannon_NP  mills_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  largest_JJT  manufacturers_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  textiles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  maintaining_VBG  his_APP$  global_JJ  contacts_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cowpe_NP  travels_VBZ  on_IO  an_AT1  average_NN  60,000_MC  miles_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  mostly_RR  by_IO  air_NN  .  
  his_APP$  Fleetwood_NP  office_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  spot_NN  of_IO  elegance_NN  in_IO  inelegant_JJ  surroundings_NNS  ,_,  buzzes_VBZ  with_IO  ideas_NNS  and_CC  amiability_NN  and_CC  remarkable_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  high-powered_JJ  executive_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  a_AT1  single_JJ  ulcer_NN  !_!  
  her_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
  Diana_NP  is_VBZ  currently_RR  enrolled_VBN  at_IO  l'acade*?2mie_&FW  ,_,  1,000_MC  guinea-a-term_JB  plus_JJ  finishing_NN  school_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  where_CS her_APP$  schoolmates_NNS  include_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  Ford_NP  ,_,  19-year-old_JB  daughter_NN  of_IO  car_NN  king_NN  Henry_NP  Ford_NP  2_MC  ,_,  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Singer_NP  ,_,  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Singer_NP  sewing_NN  machine_NN  firm_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  wedding_NN  incidentally_RR  she_PPHO1  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  attending_VBG  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks'_NN2  time_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Singer_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  party_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  coming_VBG  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Cowpes_NP2  in_IO  Norbreck-road_NP  .  
  Diana_NP  who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  19_MC  in_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  staying_VBG  with_IO  La_&FW  Comtesse_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Forest_&FW  Divonne_&FW  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Avenue_&FW  de_&FW  Wagram_&FW  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  attending_VBG  l'academie_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  famed_JJ  Maxim_NP  .  
  a_AT1  finishing_NN  school_NN  par_&FW  excellence_&FW  ,_,  its_APP$  curriculum_NN  ranges_VBZ  over_IO  all_DB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  French_JJ  culture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  programme_NN  .  
  studies_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Sorbonne_NP  include_VV0  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  French_JJ  civilisation_NN  ,_,  from_IO  history_NN  to_IO  art_NN  ,_,  architecture_NN  to_IO  haute_&FW  couture_&FW  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  Louvre_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  Dior_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  drama_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  opera_NN  .  
  not_XX  forgetting_VBG  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  la_&FW  cuisine_&FW  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  ball_NN  at_IO  Versailles_NP  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  dress_NN  from_IO  Dior_NP  and_CC  an_AT1  escort_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  noted_JJ  French_JJ  family_NN  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  nights_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  and_CC  leaders_NNS  of_IO  French_JJ  society_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  dazzling_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  fashion_NN  .  
  ahead_RR  lie_VV0  dates_NNS  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  Singer_NP  wedding_NN  ,_,  San_NP  Francisco_NP  ,_,  England_NP  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  enclosure_NN  at_IO  Ascot_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  spell_NN  in_IO  Madrid_NP  .  
  Diana_NP  was_VBDZ  educated_VBN  originally_RR  at_IO  Roedean_NP  at_IO  Brighton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  at_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  age_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  traveller_NN  .  
  no_AT1  playgirl_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  glitter_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  globe-trotting_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  a_AT1  shrewd_JJ  eye_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  business_NN  ,_,  worked_VBN  hard_RR  both_DB2  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  abroad_RR  at_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  Earl's_NNSB2  Court_NNL1  exhibition_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  informal_JJ  chat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  incident_NN  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  seen_VBN  on_IO  television_NN  ,_,  and_CC  father_NN  records_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  daughter_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  more_RG  composed_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  occupies_VBZ  pride_NN  of_IO  place_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Fleetwood_NP  office_NN  .  
    since_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  young_JJ  ,_,    says_VBZ  her_APP$  proud_JJ  father_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  taken_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  chose_VVD  her_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  trade_NN  name_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  confidence_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  ability_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  girl_NN  !_!    
  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  .  
  after_IO  Roedean_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  another_DD1  school_NN  at_IO  Neuchatel_NP  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  visited_VBN  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  studied_VBN  production_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mills_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    deep_JJ  south_NN1  .    
  last_DA  November_NN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cowpe_NP  had_VHD  further_JB  proof_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  versatility_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  won_VVD  golden_JJ  opinions_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  performance_NN  in_IO    invitation_NN  to_IO  Saturn_NP  ,_,    a_AT1  new_JJ  play_NN  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Aylwen_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  presented_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Scala_NP  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  aid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  London_NP  fund_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  blind_JJ  .  
  small_JJ  wonder_NN  that_CS  father_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  wealth_NN  of_IO  photographs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  daughter_NN  ,_,  among_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  one_MC1  reproduced_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  page_NN  takes_VBZ  pride_NN  of_IO  place_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  Stara_NP  ,_,  noted_VVD  French_JJ  photographer_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  and_CC  Cannes_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  pupils_NNS  included_VVD  the_AT1  late_JJ  great_JJ  English_JJ  photographer_NN  Baron_NNSB1  .  
  Diana_NP  Cowpe_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  lady_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  and_CC  brains_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  modern_JJ  age_NN  .  
  spoke_NN  about_IO  colour_NN  bar_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  equal_JJ  rights_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  civilised_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Thornley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  northern_JJ  area_NN  secretary_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Universities'_NPLS$  mission_NN  to_IO  central_JJ  Africa_NP  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0St_NNSB1  Chad's_PPIO2  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  men's_NN2  society_NN  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thornley_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  colour_NN  bar_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  forms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  local_JJ  colour_NN  bar_NN  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  and_CC  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO  apartheid_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thornley_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  apartheid_NN  was_VBDZ  revolting_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  theology_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  rank_JJ  bad_JJ  theology_NN  .  
  another_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  bar_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  economic_JJ  form_NN  which_DDQ  existed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  also_RR  formed_VVD  the_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  bar_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  form_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  social_JJ  colour_NN  bar_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thornley_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  well_RR  universal_JJ  .  
    our_APP$  mission_NN  is_VBZ  striving_VBG  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  multi-racial_JJ  community_NN  where_CS all_DB  may_VM  enjoy_VV0  fundamental_JJ  rights_NNS  and_CC  responsibilities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS a_AT1  man's_NN1$  status_NN  and_CC  opportunities_NNS  depend_VV0  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  skin_NN  but_CCB  on_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  and_CC  competence_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0S_NP  Holden_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  ,_,  presided_VVD  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Shaw_NP  thanked_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thornley_NP  .  
  inspiration_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  garage_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pen_NN  picture_NN  of_IO  Bispham_NP  artist_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Kate_NP  Smith_NP  by_IO  Maureen_NP  McConville_NP  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  first_MD  glance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  garage_NN  at_IO  19_MC  ,_,  Stainforth-avenue_NP  ,_,  Bispham_NP  ,_,  looks_VBZ  like_IO  any_DD  other_DA  garage_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_RL  the_AT1  resemblance_NN  abruptly_RR  and_CC  completely_RR  ends_VBZ  .  
  inside_RP  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  pungent_JJ  with_IO  linseed_NN  oil_NN  and_CC  turpentine_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  furnished_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  with_IO  fluorescent_JJ  lighting_NN  supplementing_VBG  the_AT1  daylight_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  windows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  comfort_NN  with_IO  thick_JJ  matting_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  curtains_NNS  and_CC  chairs_NNS  .  
  inside_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  ordered_JJ  chaos_NN  of_IO  artistic_JJ  activity_NN  prevails_VBZ  .  
  centrepiece_NN  .  
  even_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  uninitiated_JJ  ,_,  this_DD1  building_NN  ,_,  masquerading_VBG  as_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  suburban_JJ  garage_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  working_JJ  artist's_NN1$  studio_NN  .  
  the_AT1  working_JJ  artist_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  belongs_VBZ  is_VBZ  Kate_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  three_MC  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  pictures_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  hung_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  centrepiece_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  art_NN  exhibition_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Harris_NP  Gallery_NNL1  ,_,  Preston_NP  ,_,  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Smith_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  Blackpool_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  in_IO  April_NN1  last_DA  year_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  exhibited_VBN  in_IO  Lancashire_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  first_MD  experience_NN  of_IO  exhibiting_NN  ,_,  for_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Smith_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  painting_VBG  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  striving_VBG  to_TO  express_VV0  in_IO  oils_NNS  on_IO  hardboard_NN  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  that_PNQS come_VV0  too_RG  fast_RR  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  .  
    imaginative_JJ    .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  little_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  exhibitionism_NN  that_PNQS people_NNS  associate_VV0  with_IO  artists_NNS  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  producing_VBG  a_AT1  facile_JJ  flow_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  about_IO  artistic_JJ  theory_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  aims_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gropes_VBZ  for_IO  words_NNS  to_TO  express_VV0  her_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seriousness_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  and_CC  feels_VBZ  about_IO  art_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  handles_VBZ  language_NN  with_IO  something_PN1  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  assurance_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  handles_VBZ  paint_NN  .  
  considering_IO  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  qualified_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1    modern_JJ    artist_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  just_RR  an_AT1  imaginative_JJ  painter_NN  ,_,  really_RR  .    
  this_DD1  modest_JJ  personal_JJ  appraisal_NN  needs_VBZ  elaboration_NN  .  
  Bible-inspired_JJ  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Smith's_PPIO2  paintings_NNS  are_VBR  inspired_VBN  by_IO  incidents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  and_CC  express_VV0  divine_JJ  and_CC  human_JJ  qualities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  God-made_JJ  man_NN  .  
  the_AT1  expression_NN  is_VBZ  achieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  reliance_NN  on_IO  symbolism_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  simplifies_VBZ  ,_,  concentrates_VBZ  and_CC  distorts_VBZ  reality_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  symbolism_NN  clear_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  is_VBZ  far_RR  from_IO  traditional_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  shock_NN  value_NN  of_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  action_NN  painters_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  anti-humanists_NNS  .  
  striking_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  human_JJ  feeling_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  paintings_NNS  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  most_RG  striking_JJ  aspects_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  gained_VBN  her_PPHO1  adherents_NNS  in_IO  unexpected_JJ  quarters_NNS  .  
  coming_VBG  to_IO  Blackpool_NP  has_VHZ  influenced_VBN  her_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  subject_NN  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  though_CS  now_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  returning_VBG  to_IO    religious_JJ    work_NN  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  studio_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  several_DA  pictures_NNS  directly_RR  inspired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  composite_NN  of_IO  Blackpool's_PPIO2  pleasures_NNS  ,_,  another_DD1  a_AT1  colourful_JJ  sketch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  illuminations_NNS  .  
  rhythmic_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  particularly_RR  liked_VVD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  three_MC  girls_NNS  preparing_VBG  to_TO  swim_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  rhythmic_JJ  flow_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  bodies_NNS  made_VVD  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  and_CC  satisfying_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  horses_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Tower_NNL1  circus_NN  were_VBDR  featured_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  painting_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  vigour_NN  and_CC  delight_NN  in_IO  movement_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Smith_NP  has_VHZ  taught_VBN  painting_NN    in_IO  sanatoriums_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  inspired_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  paintings_NNS  now_RL  exhibited_VBN  in_IO  Preston_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  mental_JJ  hospitals_NNS    but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  her_APP$  aim_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  full-time_JB  painter_NN  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  all_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  starting_VBG  at_IO  8_MC  \0a.m_RR  ,_,  taking_VBG  time_NN  off_RP  for_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  working_VBG  until_IO  6_MC  \0p.m_RR  .  
  month_NN  to_TO  paint_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  full-sized_JJ  picture_NN  takes_VBZ  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  to_TO  complete_VV0  and_CC  afterwards_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  relaxes_VBZ  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_IO  starting_VBG  another_DD1  .  
  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  employing_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  relaxation_NN  periods_NNS  for_IO  another_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  decorate_VV0  her_APP$  sittingroom_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  my_APP$  first_MD  attempt_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  red_JJ  light_NN  plain_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  .  
  by_IO    Zephyrus_NP    .  
  at_RR  last_RR  people_NNS  are_VBR  genuinely_RR  worried_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  resignation_NN  ,_,  two_MC  resignations_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  three_MC  resignations_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Blackpool_NP  town_NN  council_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  as_IO  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  normal_JJ  wastage_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS ,_,  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  total_NN  rose_NN  to_IO  six_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  impending_JJ  departure_NN  of_IO  Marton's_PPIO2  70-year-old_JB  \0Coun_NNSB1  James_NP  Shepherd_NP  Leigh_NP  ,_,  ratepayers_NNS  suddenly_RR  recognised_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  real_JJ  thing_NN  the_AT1  red_JJ  light_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  column_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  flashing_VBG  for_IO  months_NNS  .  
  at_IO  function_NN  after_IO  function_NN  this_DD1  week_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  ,_,  
    the_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  serious_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  lose_VV0  experienced_JJ  administrators_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  rate_NN  .    
  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  unless_CS  the_AT1  political_JJ  parties_NNS  themselves_PPX2  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  the_AT1  rot_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  stopped_VBN  ,_,  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  Blackpool_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  trouble_NN  before_IO  very_RG  long_RR  .  
  how_CS can_VM  the_AT1  parties_NNS  help_VV0  .  
  obviously_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  think_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  taking_VBG  their_APP$  councillors_NNS  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  telling_VBG  them_PPHO1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  they_PPHS2  started_VVD  behaving_VBG  like_IO  intelligent_JJ  adults_NNS  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  unaware_JJ  why_CS many_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  colleagues_NNS  are_VBR  quitting_VBG  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  or_CC  why_CS quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  are_VBR  sick_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  teeth_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  have_VH0  said_VBN  publicly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  because_CS  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  set-up_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  nigh_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  insignificant_JJ  questions_NNS  discussed_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  personal_JJ  element_NN  creeping_VBG  into_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  disunity_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  disunity_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  joking_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  eight_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  estates_NNS  and_CC  housing_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  four_MC  corporation_NN  officials_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  the_AT1  long_JJ  journey_NN  into_IO  Staffordshire_NP  to_TO  inspect_VV0  some_DD  old_JJ  people's_NN2  housing_NN  schemes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outward_JB  journey_NN  was_VBDZ  halted_VBN  for_IO  morning_NN  coffee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  that_CS  when_CS councillors_NNS  saw_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  if_CS  ,_,  in_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  official_NN  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  sarcastic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
    the_AT1  Good_NP  Companions_NP    !_!  
  by_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  committees_NNS  function_VV0  reasonably_RR  well_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  when_CS committees_NNS  join_VV0  forces_NNS  and_CC  become_VV0  either_LE  the_AT1  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  public_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  that_CS  feathers_NNS  begin_VV0  to_TO  fly_VV0  .  
  all_DB  hail_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  recent_JJ  proposals_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  clerk's_NN1$  department_NN  .  
  scrapped_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    as_CS  long_RR  advocated_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  column_NN    that_CS  the_AT1  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  as_CS  at_IO  present_NN  constituted_VBN  (_(  it_PPH1  consists_VBZ  of_IO  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  )_)  should_VM  be_VB0  scrapped_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  compact_JJ  and_CC  workable_JJ  body_NN  .  finance_NN  page_NN  .  
  *+143,780_NNU  for_IO  compulsory_JJ  purchase_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  asked_VBN  by_IO  Dudley_NP  corporation_NN  for_IO  consent_NN  to_TO  borrow_VV0  *+146,367_NNU  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  compulsory_JJ  acquisition_NN  of_IO  property_NN  .  
  block_NN  valuation_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  valuer_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  dock_NN  areas_NNS  is_VBZ  *+53,720_NNU  ;_;  for_IO  the_AT1  Highgate-road_NP  ,_,  Woodside_NP  areas_NNS  ,_,  *+10,120_NNU  ;_;  for_IO  the_AT1  Yew_NP  Tree_NP  Hills_NPLS  area_NN  ,_,  *+14,100_NNU  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  with_IO  other_DA  sums_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Windmill_NP  End_NP  and_CC  \0St_NNSB1  John-street_NP  ,_,  Netherton_NP  areas_NNS  ,_,  make_VV0  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  *+108,415_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  grand_JJ  total_NN  includes_VBZ  *+23,365_NNU  for_IO  19_MC  ,_,  Hall-street_NP  ,_,  and_CC  *+12,000_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  Britannia_NP  inn_NN  and_CC  97_MC  ,_,  Hall-street_NP  .  
  lower_JJ  profits_NNS  from_IO  motor_NN  cycles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  reimposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  credit_NN  controls_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  wet_JJ  summer_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  had_VHD  a_AT1  particularly_RR  adverse_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  motor_NN  cycle_NN  dealers_NNS  and_CC  resulted_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  profits_NNS  of_IO  Jenkin_NP  and_CC  Purser_NP  (_(  holdings_NNS  )_)  ,_,  before_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  from_IO  *+82,545_NNU  to_IO  *+36,091_NNU  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ended_VVD  September_NN1  8_MC  last_DA  .  
  although_CS  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  business_NN  is_VBZ  effected_VBN  on_IO  hire_NN  purchase_NN  terms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  experience_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  satisfactory_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  machines_NNS  sold_VBN  to_IO  retail_NN  customers_NNS  on_IO  credit_NN  are_VBR  retained_VBN  as_IO  security_NN  until_CS  fully_RR  paid_VBN  for_IO  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  statement_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  chairman_NN  emphasises_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  any_DD  event_NN  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  reserves_NNS  are_VBR  adequate_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  all_DB  contingencies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  have_VH0  recommended_VBN  a_AT1  total_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  less_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  against_IO  22_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  previously_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  chairman_NN  refuses_VBZ  to_TO  forecast_VV0  future_JB  business_NN  as_CS  current_JJ  turnover_NN  continues_VBZ    to_TO  be_VB0  substandard_JJ  .    
  new_JJ  companies_NNS  .  
  Royle_NP  and_CC  Stanley_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ    
  private_JJ  company_NN  .  
  registered_VBN  January_NN1  9_MC  .  
  capital_NN  *+5,000_NNU  .  
  objects_NNS  :_:  to_TO  carry_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  builders_NNS  \0etc_RR  .  
  permanent_JJ  directors_NNS  :_:  Harry_NP  Royle_NP  and_CC  Connie_NP  Royle_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  14_MC  ,_,  Bhylls-crescent_NP  ,_,  Merry_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Wolverhampton_NP  ;_;  Joseph_NP  \0A_NP  Stanley_NP  and_CC  Dorothy_NP  \0H_NP  Stanley_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  Broadways_NP  ,_,  Brenton-road_NP  ,_,  Penn_NP  ,_,  Wolverhampton_NP  .  
  Secretary_NNSB1  :_:  \0A_NP  Bretherick_NP  .  
  registered_JJ  office_NN  :_:  Sun-street_NP  ,_,  Wolverhampton_NP  .  
  appointments_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0N_NP  \0R_NP  \0R_NP  Brooke_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  Guest_NP  Keen_NP  and_CC  Nettlefolds_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  managing_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  Guest_NP  Keen_NP  and_CC  Nettlefolds_NP2  (_(  south_NN1  Wales_NP  )_)  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  other_DA  group_NN  companies_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  \0S_NP  Watson_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0G_NP  Nutman_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  directors_NNS  of_IO  Smith_NP  and_CC  Nephew_NP  .  
  Eastbourne_NP  mutual_JJ  building_NN  society_NN  .  
  total_JJ  assets_NNS  during_IO  1960_MC  increased_VVD  by_IO  over_RR  *+750,000_NNU  and_CC  now_RL  exceeded_VVD  *+8,500,000_NNU  .  
  sum_NN  advanced_VBN  during_IO  year_NN  rose_VVD  by_IO  *+208,000_NNU  to_IO  *+1,340,000_NNU  .  
  building_NN  society_NN  1960_MC  reports_NNS  .  
  W'ton_NP  and_CC  district_NN  permanent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  assets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Wolverhampton_NP  and_CC  district_NN  permanent_JJ  building_NN  society_NN  now_RL  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+7,887,647_NNU  ,_,  having_VHG  increased_VBN  during_IO  1960_MC  by_IO  *+518,102_NNU  .  
  mortgage_NN  assets_VBZ  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+6,538,695_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  net_JB  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  being_VBG  *+458,842_NNU  .  
  new_JJ  mortgage_NN  advances_NNS  ,_,  secured_VBN  chiefly_RR  on_IO  owner_NN  occupied_JJ  private_JJ  dwelling_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  total_VV0  *+1,208,092_NNU  .  
  share_NN  and_CC  deposit_NN  investment_NN  received_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+1,232,153_NNU  .  
  allowing_VBG  for_IO  withdrawals_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  capitalisation_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  accrued_VBN  ,_,  share_NN  and_CC  deposit_NN  balances_NNS  increased_VVD  to_IO  *+7,204,214_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  society's_NN1$  liquid_JJ  funds_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  totalled_VVD  *+1,297,743_NNU  ,_,  being_VBG  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  16.4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  total_JJ  assets_NNS  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  14.6_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  )_)  .  
  total_JJ  reserves_NNS  have_VH0  increased_VBN  to_IO  *+495,000_NNU  ,_,  representing_VBG  6.6_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  total_JJ  assets_NNS  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  of_IO  4.56_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  Leek_NP  and_CC  Moorlands_NP  building_NN  society_NN  .    
  during_IO  1960_MC  assets_NNS  and_CC  liabilities_NNS  of_IO  Nalgo_NP  building_NN  society_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Stockport_NP  atlas_NN  building_NN  society_NN  were_VBDR  transferred_VBN  to_IO  Leek_NP  and_CC  Moorlands_NP  .  
  these_DD2  transfers_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  1960_MC  which_DDQ  show_NN  assets_NNS  *+63,500,000_NNU    an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  *+17,500,000_NNU  .  
  mortgage_VV0  advances_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  *+8,000,000_NNU  (_(  *+7,950,000_NNU  )_)  .  
  reserves_NNS  increased_VVD  by_IO  *+673,000_NNU  to_IO  *+2,930,000_NNU  .  
  tax_NN  amounted_VVD  to_IO  *+785,000_NNU  .  
  investments_NNS  in_IO  trustee_NN  securities_NNS  and_CC  cash_NN  *+10,650,000_NNU  .  
  Leicester_NP  temperance_NN  building_NN  society_NN  .    
  total_JJ  assets_NNS  at_IO  end-1960_MC  were_VBDR  *+23,360,000_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  *+1,882,000_NNU  more_DA  than_CS  at_IO  end-1959_MC  .  
  balance_NN  outstanding_JJ  on_IO  mortgages_NNS  totalled_VVD  *+18,988,000_NNU  ,_,  also_RR  and_CC  increase_NN  of_IO  *+1,882,000_NNU  .  
  investments_NNS  and_CC  cash_NN  at_IO  bankers_NNS  aggregated_VVD  *+3,880,000_NNU  ,_,  representing_VBG  16.6_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  total_JJ  assets_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  reserve_NN  funds_NNS  are_VBR  4.26_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  assets_NNS  .  
  advances_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  *+4,002,000_NNU  were_VBDR  a_AT1  record_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  ,_,  and_CC  96_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  amount_NN  advances_NNS  was_VBDZ  on_IO  owner-occupied_JJ  private_JJ  dwelling_NN  houses_NNS  .  
  markets_NNS  are_VBR  irregular_JJ  .  
  London_NP  .  
  after_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  hesitant_JJ  start_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  account_NN  ,_,  stock_NN  markets_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  some_DD  encouragement_NN  today_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  figures_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  better_JJ  than_CS  expected_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  quietly_RR  irregular_JJ  conditions_NNS  prevail_VV0  .  
  gold_NN  shares_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  firm_JJ  despite_IO  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  price_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  ban_NN  on_IO  gold_NN  hoarding_NN  ,_,  sentiment_NN  being_VBG  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  Americans_NP2  will_VM  switch_VV0  from_IO  gold_NN  into_IO  gold_NN  shares_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  widespread_JJ  advance_NN  in_IO  gold_NN  share_NN  prices_NNS  ,_,  ranging_VBG  6_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  5_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  seen_VBN  in_IO  \0F_NP  \0S_NP  Geduld_NP  .  
  industrials_NNS  are_VBR  mixed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  sentiment_NN  helped_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  favourable_JJ  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  figures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  have_VH0  rallied_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  start_NN  .  
  Glaxo_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  remain_VV0  a_AT1  depressed_JJ  spot_NN  at_IO  60/10_NNU  1/2_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  cut_NN  in_IO  selling_NN  prices_NNS  .  
  textiles_NNS  are_VBR  firm_JJ  on_IO  talks_NNS  of_IO  further_JB  possible_JJ  mergers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  good_JJ  gains_NNS  by_IO  bleachers_NNS  and_CC  Bradford_NP  dyers_NNS  .  
  stores_NNS  have_VH0  recovered_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  earlier_JJ  falls_NNS  .  
  steels_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  a_DA  few_DA  pence_NNS  easier_JJ  but_CCB  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  firm_JJ  spots_NNS  are_VBR  seen_VBN  in_IO  engineerings_NNS  .  
  buildings_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  ahead_RR  .  
  oils_NNS  are_VBR  firm_JJ  with_IO  Shells_NP2  strong_JJ  .  
  new_JJ  prices_NNS  quoted_VBN  today_NN1  :_:  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Birmingham_NP  .  
  modest_JJ  improvements_NNS  in_IO  engineering_NN  today_NN1  include_VV0  radiation_NN  34/9_NNU  ,_,  Wolseley-Hughes_NP  49_MC  /-_NNU  ,_,  Smith's_PPIO2  stamp_NN  .  30_MC  /-_NNU  ,_,  Wilkins_NP  and_CC  Mitchell_NP  13/4_NNU  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  midland_NN  bright_JJ  14_MC  /-_NNU  ,_,  midland_NN  iron_NN  5/9_NNU  ,_,  Duport_NP  12/10_NNU  1/2_MC  and_CC  Cope_NP  Allman_NP  22/3_NNU  .  
  Guest_NP  new_JJ  have_VH0  been_VBN  bought_VBN  at_IO  44/3_NNU  .  
  Clarksons_NP2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  dipped_VBN  to_IO  28/3_NNU  and_CC  Valor_NP  15_MC  /-_NNU  .  
  \0B.M.C_NP  have_VH0  shed_VBN  6_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  15/6_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  Rovers_NP2  3_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  14/7_NNU  1/2_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  Standards_NP2  are_VBR  hard_JJ  at_IO  10/6_NNU  ,_,  while_CS  \0S_NP  Smith_NP  are_VBR  supported_VBN  at_IO  17/4_NNU  1/2_MC  .  
  stores_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  fairly_RR  strong_JJ  counter_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Wigfalls_NP2  outstanding_JJ  at_IO  32_MC  /-_NNU  .  
  Susan_NP  Small_NP  look_VV0  well_JJ  at_IO  29_MC  /-_NNU  .  
  Albrights_NP2  are_VBR  25/3_NNU  and_CC  Baggeridge_NP  brick_NN  8/9_NNU  .  
  higher_JJ  profits_NNS  and_CC  payment_NN  by_IO  Edge_NP  tool_NN  .  
  good_JJ  results_NNS  are_VBR  announced_VBN  by_IO  Edge_NP  tool_NN  industries_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  Wolverhampton_NP  .  
  group_NN  profits_NNS  ,_,  before_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  reported_VBN  at_IO  *+223,878_NNU  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  *+147,126_NNU  previously_RR  ,_,  with_IO  tax_NN  taking_VBG  *+109,260_NNU  against_IO  *+68,829_NNU  ,_,  net_JB  profits_NNS  come_VV0  out_RP  at_IO  *+114,618_NNU  ,_,  against_IO  *+78,297_NNU  .  
  allocation_NN  to_IO  reserves_NNS  is_VBZ  *+10,000_NNU  against_IO  *+7,000_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  *+1,001_NNU  against_IO  nil_NN  is_VBZ  written_VBN  off_IO  trade_NN  marks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  exchange-turning_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  Brazilian_JJ  subsidiary_NN  was_VBDZ  *+1,415_NNU  against_IO  *+1,250_NNU  .  
  Edge_NP  tool's_NN1$  final_JJ  dividend_NN  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  at_IO  12_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  a_AT1  total_JJ  payment_NN  of_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  against_IO  17_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU    the_AT1  interim_NN  having_VHG  been_VBN  raised_VBN  from_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  to_IO  7_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  Brazilian_JJ  subsidiaries'_NN2  figures_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  consolidated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  companies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  figures_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Brazilian_JJ  company_NN  has_VHZ  another_DD1  good_JJ  year_NN  with_IO  net_JB  profits_NNS  up_RP  from_IO  9,700,000_MC  cruzeiros_NNS  to_IO  10,500,000_MC  cruzeiros_NNS  .  
  home_NN1  companies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  include_VV0  Chillington_NP  tool_NN  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  Edward_NP  Elwell_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  midland_NN  heat_NN  treatments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  February_NN1  10_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0W_NP  Hunt_NP  is_VBZ  chairman_NN  .  
  dividend_NN  increased_VBN  by_IO  \0P_NP  \0J_NP  Evans_NP  .  
  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  trading_NN  profit_NN  from_IO  *+78,648_NNU  to_IO  *+100,648_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  2_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dividend_NN  total_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  reported_VBN  by_IO  \0P_NP  \0J_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Birmingham_NP  motor_NN  vehicle_NN  distributors_NNS  .  
  following_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  7_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  (_(  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  )_)  interim_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  final_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  maintained_VBN  at_IO  15_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  after_IO  depreciation_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  of_IO  *+18,378_NNU  (_(  *+16,442_NNU  )_)  and_CC  tax_NN  *+42,514_NNU  (_(  *+31,739_NNU  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  net_JB  profit_NN  is_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  *+30,467_NNU  to_IO  *+39,756_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  carry-forward_NN  is_VBZ  *+99,613_NNU  (_(  *+76,395_NNU  )_)  .  
  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  February_NN1  24_MC  .  
  \0H_NP  \0J_NP  Barlow_NP  shares_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  2_MC  \0s_NNU  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  in_IO  \0H_NP  \0J_NP  Barlow_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  available_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS ,_,  on_IO  December_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  held_VVD  100_MC  or_CC  more_DA  Neville_NP  developments_NNS  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  .  
  holders_NNS  of_IO  100_MC  developments_NNS  ordinary_JJ  take_NN  part_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  ballot_NN  for_IO  100_MC  Barlow_NP  ordinary_JJ  and_CC  holders_NNS  of_IO  200_MC  or_CC  more_DA  receive_VV0  100_MC  Barlow_NP  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  100_MC  developments_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  maximum_JJ  allocation_NN  of_IO  10,000_MC  .  
  acceptance_NN  letters_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  posted_VBN  today_NN1  and_CC  dealings_NNS  are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  start_VV0  in_IO  Birmingham_NP  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  issue_NN  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  directors_NNS  of_IO  concentric_JJ  manufacturing_JJ  \0Co_NN1  announce_VV0  that_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  1,020,000_MC  ordinary_JJ  2_MC  \0s_NNU  shares_NNS  offered_VBN  to_IO  shareholders_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  rights_NNS  basis_NN  at_IO  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  share_NN  ,_,  994,910_MC  shares_NNS  ,_,  representing_VBG  97.5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  taken_VBN  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  terms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  25,090_MC  shares_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  sold_VBN  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  Handford_NP  Greatrex_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understood_VBN  that_CS  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  counter-bid_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  of_IO  Handford_NP  Greatrex_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  of_IO  Walsall_NP  ,_,  producers_NNS  of_IO  upper_JB  leather_NN  and_CC  hide_NN  processors_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  before_IO  ordinary_JJ  shareholders_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  behind_IO  the_AT1  counter-bid_NN  are_VBR  understood_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bernard_NP  Owens_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Birmingham_NP  insurance_NN  broker_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  \0G_NP  Higgs_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Coventry_NP  businessman_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  Harvey_NP  and_CC  Sons_NNSB2  ,_,  tanners_NNS  and_CC  curriers_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  Nantwich_NP  and_CC  Bury_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  announced_VBN  (_(  as_CS  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1    express_NN  and_CC  star_NN    on_IO  Saturday_NN1  )_)  that_CS  ,_,  having_VHG  received_VBN  acceptances_NNS  in_IO  excess_NN  of_IO  65_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  declared_VBN  unconditional_JJ  their_APP$  offer_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  capital_NN  of_IO  Handford_NP  Greatrex_NP  .  
  the_AT1  share_NN  exchange_NN  offer_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  about_RR  12_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  share_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  date_NN  for_IO  acceptances_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  extended_VBN  to_IO  February_NN1  28_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Greatrex_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  Handford_NP  Greatrex_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  today_NN1  that_CS  shareholders_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  full_JJ  opportunity_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  both_DB2  offers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  and_CC  other_DA  directors_NNS  control_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  60_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  shares_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  recommended_VBN  other_DA  holders_NNS  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  Harvey_NP  offer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  *+90,000_NNU  capital_NN  includes_VBZ  *+50,000_NNU  in_IO  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  .  
  company_NN  reports_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Volkes_NP  group_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  holding_NN  company_NN  of_IO  manufacturers_NNS  of_IO  filtration_NN  and_CC  silencing_NN  equipment_NN  and_CC  specialised_JJ  engineering_NN  products_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  raising_VBG  the_AT1  interim_JB  dividend_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  4.58_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  to_IO  5_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  on_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  increased_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  one-for-five_MC  scrip_NN  issue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  equivalent_JJ  distribution_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ended_VVD  March_NN1  31_MC  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  15.42_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  group_NN  profits_NNS  ,_,  before_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  of_IO  \0R_NP  \0B_NP  Pullin_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  electrical_JJ  engineers_NNS  and_CC  scientific_JJ  instrument_NN  makers_NNS  ,_,  increased_VVD  from_IO  *+316,990_NNU  to_IO  *+361,309_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year's_NN1$  effective_JJ  25_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  dividend_NN  total_NN  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  unchanged_JJ  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  final_NN  .  
  the_AT1  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  interim_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  prior_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  two-for-five_JB  rights_NNS  issue_NN  .  
  tax_NN  takes_VBZ  *+170,247_NNU  ,_,  against_IO  *+167,131_NNU  ,_,  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  net_JB  balance_NN  up_RP  from_IO  *+149,859_NNU  to_IO  *+191,062_NNU  .  
  London_NP  gazette_NN  .  
  order_NN  annulled_VVD  and_CC  rescinded_VBN  .    
  Simon_NP  Nadel_NP  ,_,  residing_VBG  at_IO  8_MC  ,_,  School_NNL1  Lane-close_NP  ,_,  Rickerscote_NP  ,_,  Stafford_NP  ,_,  engineering_NN  draughtsman_NN  ,_,  receiving_NN  order_NN  dated_VBN  September_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1953_MC  ,_,  rescinded_VBN  .  
  adjudication_NN  dated_VBN  April_NN1  6_MC  ,_,  1954_MC  annulled_VBN  .  
  petition_NN  dated_VBN  September_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1953_MC  ,_,  dismissed_VBN  .  
  all_DB  on_IO  December_NN1  16_MC  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  debts_NNS  paid_VBN  in_RR  full_RR  .  
  gold_NN  price_NN  lowest_JJT  for_IO  six_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  President_NNSB1  Eisenhower's_PPIO2  order_NN  forbidding_VBG  \0U.S_NP  citizens_NNS  to_TO  hold_VV0  gold_NN  overseas_RR  brought_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  price_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  bullion_NN  market_NN  today_NN1  .  
  at_IO  today's_NP1  official_JJ  fixing_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  leading_JJ  dealers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  by_IO  2_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  fine_JJ  ounce_NN    the_AT1  lowest_JJT  point_NN  for_IO  six_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  dollar_NN  equivalent_NN  is_VBZ  35.43_MC  against_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  official_JJ  price_NN  of_IO  35_MC  dollars_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fall_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  recorded_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  fixing_NN  since_IO  October_NN1  27_MC  when_CS ,_,  after_CS  the_AT1  City's_NNL1  big_JJ  gold_NN  rush_NN  passed_VVD  its_APP$  peak_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  price_NN  dipped_VVD  6_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  254_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  \0U.S_NP  move_NN  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  from_IO  America_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  top_JB  talking_NN  point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  sparked_VVD  off_RP  selling_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  market_NN  devoid_JJ  of_IO  buyers_NNS  ,_,  until_CS  the_AT1  price_NN  went_VVD  down_RP  .  
  then_RL  buyers_NNS  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  market_NN  later_RRR  became_VVD  steadier_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  price_NN  rose_VVD  to_IO  around_RR  253_MC  \0s_NNU  on_IO  further_JB  buying_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  Eisenhower_NP  ban_NN    announced_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  weekend_NN  and_CC  six_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  he_PPHO1  leaves_VBZ  office_NN    one_MC1  big_JJ  dealer_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  create_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  panic_NN  selling_NN  by_IO  Americans_NP2  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  outsiders_NNS  that_CS  devaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dollar_NN  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  imminent_JJ  .  
  so_RR  there_EX  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  buying_NN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  push_VV0  the_AT1  price_NN  up_RP  .    
  accountants_NNS  say_VV0  :_:  
    abolish_VV0  schedule_NN  A_ZZ1    .  
  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schedule_NN  A_ZZ1  tax_NN  on_IO  owner-occupied_JJ  residential_JJ  properties_NNS  is_VBZ  among_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  recommendations_NNS  made_VBN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  of_IO  certified_JJ  and_CC  corporate_JJ  accountants_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  his_APP$  consideration_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  budget_NN  .  
  the_AT1  association_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  while_CS  it_PPH1  recognises_VBZ  that_CS  abolition_NN  of_IO  schedule_NN  A_ZZ1  would_VM  involve_VV0  a_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  revenue_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  considerable_JJ  administrative_JJ  savings_NNS  .  show_NN  page_NN  .  
  theatre_NN  .  
  cream_NN  of_IO  voices_NNS  pitch_NN  too_RG  high_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  by_IO  Alan_NP  Bendle_NP  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  singers_NNS  who_PNQS has_VHZ  already_RR  won_VBN  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  international_JJ  artist_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  the_AT1  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  company_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  opens_VBZ  its_APP$  week's_NN1$  visit_NN  to_IO  Manchester_NP  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  as_CS  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  Webster_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Garden's_NNL1  general_JJ  administrator_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pointing_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  are_VBR  two_MC    the_AT1  international_JJ  artists_NNS  have_VH0  too_RG  many_DA  engagements_NNS  elsewhere_RR  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  expensive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  hire_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  touring_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  reason_NN  even_RR  plainer_JJ  .  
  how_CS much_DA  must_VM  the_AT1  company_NN  pay_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  services_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  a_AT1  Callas_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Gobbi_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Christoff_NP  ,_,  and_CC  nowadays_RR  a_AT1  Joan_NP  Sutherland_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  Geraint_NP  Evans_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
    anything_PN1  from_IO  *+300_NNU  to_IO  *+800_NNU  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  performance_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  on_IO  real_RG  hard_JJ  cash_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  bases_VBZ  his_APP$  argument_NN  that_CS  if_CS  Manchester_NP  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  top_JB  price_NN  of_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  25_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  seat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fill_VV0  the_AT1  theatre_NN  ,_,  Manchester_NP  can_VM  expect_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  world-famous_JJ  ones_CD1S    always_RR  provided_CS  that_CS  her_APP$  claims_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  unhappily_RR  conflict_VV0  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  La_NP  Scala_NP  ,_,  New_NP  York's_PPIO2  metropolitan_JJ  opera_NN  ,_,  Vienna_NP  ,_,  Venice_NP  ,_,  Paris_NP  ,_,  San_NP  Francisco_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  leading_JJ  opera_NN  houses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  career_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  opera_NN  singer_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  particularly_RR  long_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  harvest_NN  of_IO  fame_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  collected_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  15_MC  years_NNS  at_IO  most_DA  ,_,  and_CC  to-day_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  tax-gatherer_NN  in_IO  hot_JJ  pursuit_NN  ,_,  no-one_PN1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  rival_VV0  the_AT1  fortune_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Caruso_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  Melba_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  more_RG  sensible_JJ  attitude_NN  than_IO  that_DD1  adopted_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  of_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  opera_NN  fans_NNS  .  
  taking_VBG  recent_JJ  years_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  ,_,  Joan_NP  Sutherland_NP  may_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  shuttling_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  ;_;  Canadian_NN1  Jon_NP  Vickers_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  stolen_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  New_NP  York_NP  and_CC  Chicago_NP  ;_;  and_CC  Geraint_NP  Evans_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  conquering_VBG  Vienna_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  heard_VBN  them_PPHO1  all_DB  in_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  past_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  singers_NNS  with_IO  us_PPIO2   next_DA  week_NN  who_PNQS are_VBR  destined_VBN  for_IO  world_NN  renown_NN  but_CCB  are_VBR  still_RR  here_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  listened_VBN  to_IO  .  
  why_CS should_VM  we_PPIS2  let_VV0  nostalgic_JJ  longings_NNS  spoil_VV0  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  picking_VBG  out_RP  to-morrow's_NP1  world_NN  favourites_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  gentlemen_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  turf_NN  ,_,  choose_VV0  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  list_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  soprano_NN  Joan_NP  Carlyle_NP  (_(    der_&FW  Rosenkavalier_&FW    and_CC    Boheme_NP    )_)  ;_;  soprano_NN  Marie_NP  Collier_NP  (_(    Boheme_NP    )_)  ;_;  bass_NN  Michael_NP  Langdon_NP  (_(    der_&FW  Rosenkavalier_&FW    )_)  ;_;  mezzo-soprano_NN  Josephine_NP  Veasey_NP  (_(    Carmen_NP    and_CC    Peter_NP  Grimes_NP    )_)  ;_;  and_CC  baritone_NN  David_NP  Ward_NP  (_(    Aida_NP    )_)  .  
  that_DD1  admirable_JJ  singer_NN  Michael_NP  Langdon_NP  has_VHZ  one_MC1  passion_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  endear_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  public_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  using_VBG  his_APP$  voice_NN  as_IO  Baron_NNSB1  Ochs_NP  in_IO    der_&FW  Rosenkavalier_&FW      he_PPHO1  sang_VVD  the_AT1  role_NN  at_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  in_IO  November_NN1  and_CC  repeats_VBZ  it_PPH1  in_IO  Manchester_NP    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  putting_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  he_PPHO1  secretly_RR  considers_VBZ  an_AT1  equally_RR  good_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  Wolverhampton-born_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  try_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  free_JJ  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  Wolves_NP2  are_VBR  playing_VBG  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  cheer_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_RP  .    
  well_RR  over_RR  six_MC  feet_NNS  tall_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  crowd_NN  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  watching_VBG  soccer_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  expert_JJ  eye_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  his_APP$  height_NN  a_AT1  handicap_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  hobby_NN    gardening_NN  .  
    the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  Michael_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  down_RP  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  for_IO  13_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  already_RR  in_IO  1950_MC  was_VBDZ  singing_VBG  solo_JJ  roles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  drunken_JJ  monk_NN  Varlaam_NP  ,_,  in_IO    Boris_NP  Gudonov_NP  ,_,    gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  notable_JJ  start_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  grand_JJ  inquisitor_NN  ,_,  in_IO    Don_NNSB1  Carlos_NP      as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  that_PNQS included_VVD  Tito_NP  Gobbi_NP  and_CC  Boris_NP  Christoff_NP    was_VBDZ  his_APP$  biggest_JJT  break_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  Vienna_NP  last_DA  year_NN  to_TO  study_VV0  Baron_NNSB1  Ochs_NP  under_IO  Alfred_NP  Jerger_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  sung_VBN  the_AT1  part_NN  with_IO  Richard_NP  Strauss_NP  conducting_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  a_AT1  ripe_JJ  humour_NN  without_IO  clowning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  sing_VV0  the_AT1  Baron_NNSB1  with_IO  the_AT1  Hamburg_NP  state_NN  opera_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  tour_NN  repertory_NN  too_RG  familiar_JJ  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  when_CS a_AT1  new_JJ  work_NN  appears_VBZ    an_AT1  inevitable_JJ  and_CC  heavy_JJ  financial_JJ  loss_NN  .  
  when_CS   Peter_NP  Grimes_NP    made_VVD  its_APP$  first_MD  appearance_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  half-empty_JJ  .  
  on_IO  its_APP$  second_MD  visit_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  improvement_NN  .  
  next_DA  week_NN  what_DDQ  will_VM  the_AT1  answer_NN  be_VB0  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  happens_VBZ  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  this_DD1  season_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  in_IO  which_DDQ    Peter_NP  Grimes_NP    has_VHZ  sold_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  several_DA  performances_NNS  .  
  placed_VBN  on_IO  record_NN  .  
  by_IO  Roderick_NP  Random_NP  .  
  backing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  when_CS you_PPY  listen_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  record_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  backing_NN  ,_,  however_CS unobtrusive_JJ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  attracts_VBZ  your_APP$  attention_NN  more_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  singer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  no_AT1  slight_NN  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gary_NP  Miller_NP  when_CS I_PPIS1  confess_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  when_CS I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  record_NN    dream_NN  harbour_VV0    (_(  Pye_NP  ,_,  7N.15338_&FO  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  accompaniment_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  soft_JJ  ,_,  oriental_JJ  rhythm_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  through_RP  entrancingly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  busiest_JJT  back-room_NN  boys_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  recording_NN  world_NN    Bill_NP  Shepherd_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  note_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  credits_NNS  on_IO  two_MC  other_DA  records_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN      model_JB  girl_NN  ,_,    by_IO  Davy_NP  Jones_NP  (_(  Pye_NP  ,_,  7N.25072_&FO  )_)  and_CC    kookie_NN  talk_NN  ,_,    by_IO  Scott_NP  Peters_NP  (_(  Pye_NP  7N.15343_&FO  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  Bill_NP  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  just_RR  before_CS  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  yet_RR  another_DD1  session_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  \0BBC_NP  programme_NN  .  
  chubby_JJ  ,_,  cheerful_JJ  ,_,  duffle-coated_JJ  and_CC  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  bag_NN  containing_VBG  40_MC  precious_JJ  band_NN  arrangements_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  singer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  Coronets_NP2  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  played_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  instruments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  once_RR  a_AT1  journalist_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  happy_JJ  just_RR  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  vocal_JJ  stars_NNS  .    
  Bill_NP  spends_VBZ  his_APP$  spare_JJ  time_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  stars_NNS    his_APP$  hobby_NN  is_VBZ  astronomy_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  dead_RR  set_VBN  on_IO  singing_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  about_IO  Billie_NP  Laine_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  got_VBN  determination_NN  .  
  so_PN1  much_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  you_PPY  feel_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  her_APP$  mind_NN  on_IO  swimming_VBG  the_AT1  channel_NN  or_CC  breeding_VBG  champion_NN  poodles_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  anything_PN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  just_RR  wants_VBZ  to_TO  sing_VV0  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  24-year-old_JB  shapely_JJ  miss_NN  from_IO  Trinidad_NP  ,_,    my_APP$  mother_NN  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  type_VV0  or_CC  do_VD0  dressmaking_NN  ,_,  or_CC  something_PN1  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0    so_RR  I_PPIS1  just_RR  sang_VVD  .    
  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Indies_NP2  radio_NN  station's_NN1$  equivalent_NN  of_IO  children's_NN2  hour_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  graduated_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  weekly_JJ  programmes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  sang_VVD  in_IO  clubs_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  concerts_NNS  ,_,  until_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  around_RP  one_MC1  day_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  herself_PPX1  :_:  
    where_CS do_VD0  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  from_IO  here_RL  .    
  the_AT1  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  London_NP  .  
  with_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  determination_NN  she_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  last_DA  July_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  soul_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0    and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  just_RR  made_VBN  her_APP$  first_MD  record_NN  for_IO  Philips_NP  ,_,  called_VBN    kiss_VV0  me_PPIO1    (_(  326547_MC  ,_,  bf_ZZ1  )_)  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  pop_NN  song_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  sing_VV0  jazz_NN  .  
  jazz_NN  ,_,  jazz_NN  ,_,  jazz_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  herself_PPX1  Billie_NP  (_(  although_CS  her_APP$  real_JJ  name_NN  is_VBZ  Grace_NP  )_)  after_IO  her_APP$  model_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  idol_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  late_JJ  Billie_NP  Holliday_NP  .  
    there_EX  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  another_DD1  like_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  next_DA  month_NN  Billie_NP  makes_VBZ  her_APP$  first_MD  \0EP_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  jazz_NN  singer_NN    with_IO  Bill_NP  McGuffie_NP  providing_VBG  the_AT1  backing_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  keep_VV0  burying_VBG  rock_NN  'n_CC  roll_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  just_RR  will_VM  n't_XX  lie_VV0  down_RP  .  
    pony_NN  time_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  fast_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  by_IO  Chubby_NP  Checker_NP  (_(  Columbia_NP  ,_,  45-DB.4591_&FO  )_)  and_CC  Ray_NP  Garnett_NP  (_(  \0R.C.A_NP  1228_MC  )_)  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  popular_JJ  here_RL  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  .  
  that_DD1  goes_VBZ  for_IO    gee_UH  whiz_UH  ,_,    by_IO  Clara_NP  Thomas_NP  (_(  London_NP  ,_,  hlk.9310_&FO  )_)  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  but_CCB  my_APP$  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  new_JJ  Bobby_NP  Vee_NP  one_MC1      more_RRR  than_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  say_VV0    (_(  London_NP  ,_,  hlg.9316_&FO  )_)  .  
  classical_JJ  look_NN  .  
  though_CS  one_MC1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  Tchaikovsky_NP  mainly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  lightly_RR  popular_JJ  orchestral_JJ  composer_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  write_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  100_MC  songs_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  very_RG  fine_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II    none_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  weary_JJ  heart_NN  ,_,    few_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  generally_RR  known_VBN  .  
  just_RR  how_CS rewarding_JJ  these_DD2  songs_NNS  are_VBR  may_VM  be_VB0  judged_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  fourteen_MC  selected_VBN  by_IO  Boris_NP  Christoff_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  \0LP_NN  recital_NN  (_(  \0HMV_NP  alp_ZZ1  1793_MC  )_)  .  
  Christoff_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  gifts_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  known_VBN  at_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  ,_,  admirably_RR  varies_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  splendid_JJ  bass_NN  voice_NN  to_TO  suit_VV0  the_AT1  mood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  songs_NNS    from_IO  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  vigour_NN  of_IO    Don_NNSB1  Juan's_PPIO2  serenade_NN    to_IO  an_AT1  enchanting_JJ  mezza-voce_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gentler_JJ  moments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disc_NN  is_VBZ  enhanced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  phonetic_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  text_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  translation_NN  alongside_II  .  
  the_AT1    Rose_NP  Marie_NP    girl_NN  is_VBZ  happy_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  swim_NN  .  
  Neville_NP  Wareham's_PPIO2  show_NN  round-up_NN  .  
  Virginia_NP  Courtney_NP  straightened_VVD  a_AT1  strand_NN  of_IO  coal-black_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  added_VVD  a_AT1  touch_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  coppery_JJ  complexion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  my_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  visions_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  swimming_VBG  the_AT1  channel_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  swim_VV0  before_CS  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  learned_VVD  to_TO  dance_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  that_DD1  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  three_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Courtney's_PPIO2  skin_NN  is_VBZ  normally_RR  as_RG  white_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  English_JJ  city_NN  dweller's_NN1$  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  hair_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,    is_VBZ  really_RR  like_IO  yours_PP$    an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  mousy_JJ  shade_NN  .    
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  straightened_VVD  a_AT1  strand_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  mousy_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  management_NN  pays_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  dyed_VBN  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  playing_VBG  Wanda_NP  .    
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  dressing-room_NN  at_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  Palace_NP  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS Miss_NNSB1  Courtney_NP  is_VBZ  giving_VBG  an_AT1  exciting_JJ  performance_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  sultry_JJ  Indian_JJ  girl_NN  in_IO    Rose_NP  Marie_NP  ,_,    and_CC  sometimes_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  talk_VV0  pretty_RR  loudly_RR  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  dressing-room_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  came_VVD  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  of_IO  David_NP  Whitfield_NP  limbering_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,  now_RL  almost_RR  back_RP  to_IO  normal_JJ  volume_NN  after_IO  an_AT1  illness_NN  which_DDQ  recently_RR  kept_VVD  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  show_NN  for_IO  two_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  pipes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  came_VVD  less_RG  musical_JJ  gurglings_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  upstairs_RL  drained_VVD  away_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  count_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  baths_NNS  people_NNS  have_VH0  during_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  sure_JJ  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  enough_DD  hot_JJ  water_NN  left_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Courtney_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  need_VV0  that_DD1  bath_NN  badly_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  wash_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  coppery_JJ  make-up_NN  which_DDQ  covers_VBZ  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  particularly_RR  on_IO  days_NNS  when_CS there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  performances_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  means_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  washing_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Miss_NNSB1  Courtney_NP  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  happy_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  amount_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  provided_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  too_RG  cold_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  she_PPHO1  lived_VVD  at_IO  Herne_NP  Bay_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  professional_JJ  swimmer_NN  ,_,  diver_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dancer_NN  ,_,  soon_RR  had_VHD  little_JJ  Virginia_NP  following_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  wake_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  just_RR  can_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  swim_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  swum_VBN  the_AT1  channel_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  longest_JJT  measured_JJ  distance_NN  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  covered_VVD  was_VBDZ  only_RR  five_MC  miles_NNS  .  
    in_IO  open_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  distance_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  bother_VV0  me_PPIO1  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  take_VV0  my_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  just_RR  plod_VV0  on_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  also_RR  an_AT1  expert_JJ  skin_NN  diver_NN  ,_,  and_CC  between_IO  dancing_NN  and_CC  acting_NN  engagements_NNS  has_VHZ  appeared_VBN  in_IO  big_JJ  aqua_NN  shows_NNS  and_CC  modelled_VBN  swim-suits_NNS  under_IO  water_NN  .  
  while_CS  dancing_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1    five_MC  past_IO  eight_MC    revue_NN  in_IO  Glasgow_NP  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  on_IO  to_TO  do_VD0  some_DD  swimming_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  royal_JJ  command_NN  performance_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  funny_JJ  ,_,    mused_VVD  Morton_NP  Fraser_NP  ,_,    to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  last_DA  year_NN  Don_NP  Arroll_NP  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  next_DA  week_NN  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  at_IO  Manchester_NP  Hippodrome_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  harmonica_NN  gang_NN  in_IO  support_NN  .  
    not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  mind_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  nice_JJ  lad_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  talent_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  happy_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  working_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO  this_DD1  variety_NN  tour_NN  .    
    all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  rise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  comic_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  prime_JB  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  potency_NN  of_IO  \0TV_NN  ,_,  for_CS  without_IO  his_APP$  spell_NN  as_IO  compere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  Palladium_NP  show_NN  ,_,  Don_NP  Arroll_NP  would_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  using_VBG  his_APP$  undoubted_JJ  talent_NN  in_IO  much_RR  lowlier_JJ  spots_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  Fraser_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  gang_NN  have_VH0  spent_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  week_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  although_CS  their_APP$  Hippodrome_NP  date_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  begin_VV0  until_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  \0BBC_NP  \0TV_NN  musical_JJ  show_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  its_APP$  debut_NN  next_DA  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  were_VBDR  in_IO  Edinburgh_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  \0TV_NN  show_NN  with_IO  Charlie_NP  Chester_NP  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  eight_MC  years_NNS  Fraser_NP  has_VHZ  left_VBN  the_AT1  stage_NN  performances_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  gang_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  concentrated_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  scenes_NNS  on_IO  management_NN  problems_NNS  and_CC  finding_VBG  a_AT1  steady_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  bookings_NNS  .  
  not_XX  many_DA  people_NNS  know_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  decision_NN  to_TO  stay_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  at_IO  Oldham_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  initiated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  implacable_JJ  doctor_NN  .  
  Fraser_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  playing_VBG  Cardiff_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Oldham_NP  empire_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  gang_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dreadfully_RR  sore_JJ  throat_NN  .  
    the_AT1  theatre_NN  manager_NN  sent_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  show_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  straight_RR  to_IO  bed_NN    unless_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  central_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  show_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  .    Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  grandad_NN  roach_NN  .  
  by_IO  David_NP  Hanington_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  too_RG  many_DA  fish_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  monks'_NN2  pool_NN  .  
  one_MC1  especially_RR  is_VBZ  causing_VBG  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  concern_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  roach_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  ,_,  in_IO  tones_NNS  of_IO  respectful_JJ  piety_NN  .  
    huge_JJ  chap_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  swimming_VBG  about_RP  beneath_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  lilies_NNS  ,_,  as_RG  big_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  submarine_NN  .    
  the_AT1  fish_NNS  on_IO  Brother_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  300-acre_JB  estate_NN  present_VV0  a_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  certainly_RR  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  daunt_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  for_CS  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  has_VHZ  hooked_VBN  bigger_JJ  fish_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  .  
  barrister_NN  .  coal-miner_NN  .  flying-officer_NN  .  farmer_NN  .  \0M.P_NNSB1  .  and_CC  father_NN  of_IO  six_MC  sons_NNS  .  
  John_NP  Faithful_NP  Fortescue_NP  Platts-Mills_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  Brother_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  monastic_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  his_APP$  fellow_JB  trade-unionists_NNS  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  nickname_NN  ,_,  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platts-Mills_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  staunch_JJ  union_NN  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  transport_NN  and_CC  general_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  farm_NN  worker_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  qualify_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  last_DA  weekend_NN  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  threw_VVD  open_JJ  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  magnificent_JJ  home_NN1  near_IO  Buxted_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  union_NN  rally_NN  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  1,000_MC  union_NN  men_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  families_NNS  arrived_VVD  to_TO  play_VV0  bowls_NNS  ,_,  eat_VV0  barbecued_JJ  chicken_NN  and_CC  row_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  fish-infested_JJ  lake_NN  .  
  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  complex_JJ  characters_NNS    a_AT1  landowner_NN  with_IO  vigorous_JJ  socialist_JJ  (_(  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ    s_NC2    )_)  theories_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  energy_NN  and_CC  enterprise_NN  have_VH0  brought_VBN  him_PPHO1  wealth_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  the_AT1  money_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  big_JJ  brief_NN  in_IO  buying_VBG  a_AT1  farm_NN  in_IO  Essex_NP  just_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  still_RR  adheres_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  union_NN  outlook_NN  .  
    property_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  privately_RR  owned_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  own_VV0  property_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalisation_NN  of_IO  land_NN  for_IO  all_DB  new_JJ  buildings_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  sandals_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  open-necked_JJ  shirt_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  met_VVD  him_PPHO1  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  his_APP$  baggy_JJ  grey_JJ  flannels_NNS  were_VBDR  supported_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  polka-dot_JB  tie_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  belt_NN  .  
    today_NN1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  day_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  holiday_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
  (_(  his_APP$    holiday_NN  ,_,    incidentally_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  consisted_VBN  of_IO  working_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  farm_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  vigour_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  dismay_VV0  most_DA  other_DA  men_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  shady_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  50_MC  )_)  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platts-Mills's_PPIO2  career_NN  details_NNS  read_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  plot_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  schoolboy_NN  adventure_NN  story_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  New_NP  Zealand_NP  ,_,  won_VVD  a_AT1  Rhodes_NP  scholarship_NN  to_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  and_CC  got_VVD  his_APP$  \0M.A_NNSB1  (_(  1st_MD  class_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  bachelor_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  law_NN  .  
  at_IO  Oxford_NP  he_PPHO1  rowed_VVD  ,_,  played_VVD  rugby_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  college_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  varsity_NN  boxing_NN  team_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  heavyweight_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  married_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS war_NN  started_VVD  he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  .  
  by_IO  1944_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  collier_NN  in_IO  Yorkshire_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  professional_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1    Bevin_NP  boys_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  miners'_NN2  union_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  1945_MC  became_VVD  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Finsbury_NP  .  
  but_CCB  drastic_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  developed_VVD  .  
  Platts-Mills_NP  quarrelled_VVD  with_IO  Attlee_NP  and_CC  Bevin_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  stand_NN  being_VBG  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  war_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  promoted_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  wry_JJ  grin_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  choice_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  .  
  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  as_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  labour_NN  member_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  election_NN  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  his_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  not_XX  turned_VBN  to_IO  politics_NN  since_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  still_RR  believes_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  amity_NN  piercing_VBG  the_AT1  iron_NN  curtain_NN  .  
  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  is_VBZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British-Soviet_JJ  friendship_NN  society_NN  .  
  his_APP$  four_MC  older_JJ  sons_NNS  have_VH0  all_DB  walked_VBN  on_IO  ban-the-bomb_JB  marches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  lived_VBN  in_IO  for_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  spacious_JJ  .  
  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platts-Mills_NP  explained_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  tall_JJ  chaps_NNS    and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  room_NN  .    
  his_APP$  eldest_JJT  son_NN  ,_,  Tim_NP  ,_,  24_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  timber_NN  worker_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  others_DA2  are_VBR  variously_RR  engaged_VBN  at_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacturing_NN  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  youngest_JJT      babies_NNS  ,_,    their_APP$  father_NN  calls_VBZ  them_PPHO1  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  12_MC  and_CC  10_MC  respectively_RR    are_VBR  at_IO  boarding_NN  school_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platts-Mills_NP  breeds_VBZ  prize_NN  pigs_NNS    there_EX  are_VBR  about_RR  300_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,    and_CC  they_PPHS2  respond_VV0  admirably_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  farming_NN  techniques_NNS  .  
    they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  .    
  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  is_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  successful_JJ  barrister_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  in_IO  Temple_NNL1  ,_,  \0E.C.4_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  defending_JJ  counsel_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  hearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Worthing_NP  bank_NN  murder_NN  case_NN  .  
  politics_NNS  seem_VV0  far_RR  away_RP  ,_,  as_CS  one_MC1  strolls_VBZ  casually_RR  round_IO  his_APP$  lovely_JJ  13th_MD  century_NN  house_NN  ,_,  formerly_RR  a_AT1  monastery_NN  and_CC  after_IO  that_DD1  a_AT1  rectory_NN    the_AT1  Platts-Mills_NP2  still_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  an_AT1  annual_JJ  tithe_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  property_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platts-Mills_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  may_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  politics_NN  again_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  so_RG  far_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  given_VBN  it_PPH1  much_DA  serious_JJ  thought_NN  .    
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  Brother_NNSB1  John_NP  will_VM  set_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  determination_NN  he_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  in_IO  every_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  :_:  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  directing_VBG  an_AT1  impassioned_JJ  plea_NN  in_IO  wig_NN  and_CC  gown_NN  ,_,  or_CC  denouncing_VBG  unscrupulous_JJ  bosses_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  fellow-workers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  envy_VV0  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  grand-daddy_NN  roach_NN  !_!  
  spotlight_NN  on_IO  Shoreham_NP  harbour_NN  .  
  a_AT1  visitor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Viking_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0Capt_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Foggitt_NP  .  
  wooden_JJ  ships_NNS  and_CC  iron_NN  men_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  boast_NN  of_IO  seamen_NNS  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  would_VM  be_VB0  justified_VBN  in_IO  thinking_VBG  the_AT1  old_JJ  adage_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  applied_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  old_JJ  days_NNS  was_VBDZ  revived_VBN  at_IO  Shoreham_NP  Harbour_NNL1  last_DA  weekend_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Norwegian_JJ  vessel_NN  Presthus_NP  2_MC  berthed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  East_NN1  End_NN  of_IO  Aldrington_NP  basin_NN  .  
  constructed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Viking_JJ  ships_NNS  so_RG  famous_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  books_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  sturdy_JJ  little_JJ  craft_NN  of_IO  only_RR  118_MC  \0ft_NNU  length_NN  and_CC  89_MC  net_JB  tons_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  engines_NNS  and_CC  accompanying_JJ  equipment_NN  ,_,  built_VBN  entirely_RR  of_IO  wood_NN  .  
  Norwegian_JJ  built_VBN  at_IO  Rosendal_NP  in_IO  1943_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  hull_NN  is_VBZ  planked_VBN  with_IO  4_MC  1/2_MC  inch_NN  pitch-pine_NN  on_IO  6_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  6_MC  \0in_NNU  frames_NNS  drawing_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  keel_NN  ,_,  frames_NNS  being_VBG  spaced_VBN  from_IO  6_MC  \0in_NNU  to_IO  a_AT1  foot_NN  apart_RP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  inner_JB  lining_NN  of_IO  similar_JJ  construction_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  planking_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  space_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  shells_NNS  is_VBZ  insulated_VBN  throughout_II  against_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  outside_JB  temperatures_NNS  ,_,  hatch_NN  combings_NNS  and_CC  covers_NNS  being_VBG  built-up_VBN  and_CC  insulated_VBN  in_IO  like_JB  manner_NN  .  
  although_CS  designed_VBN  on_IO  trawler_NN  lines_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  expressly_RR  built_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  carrying_VBG  of_IO  frozen_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  refrigerator_NN  ship_NN  though_RR  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  deep_JJ  freeze_NN  carrier_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  brought_VVD  120_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  deep_RR  frozen_JJ  vegetables_NNS  ,_,  mostly_RR  peas_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  Antwerp_NP  to_IO  Shoreham_NP  for_IO  distribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  deep_JJ  freeze_NN  food_NN  markets_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  venture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  port_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  first_MD  cargo_NN  will_VM  open_VV0  yet_RR  another_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  to_IO  Shoreham_NP  harbour_NN  .  
  powered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  Norwegian-type_JB  diesel_NN  engine_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  little_JJ  ship_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  many_DA  deep-water_JB  passages_NNS  ,_,  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  north_NN1  Atlantic_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  occasions_NNS  to_IO  Iceland_NP  ,_,  Greenland_NP  and_CC  Canadian_JJ  ports_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Nelson_NP  touch_NN  about_IO  \0Capt_NNSB1  Gloppholm_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  tough_JJ  little_JJ  craft_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  crew_NN  of_IO  six_MC  stalwarts_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  tell_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  exciting_JJ  trips_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  made_VBN  together_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  boasting_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  seaworthiness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  serve_VV0  .  
  although_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  complaints_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  liveliness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  capers_NNS  in_IO  heavy_JJ  weather_NN  and_CC  of_IO  being_VBG  thrown_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  bunks_NNS  on_IO  many_DA  occasions_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  quick_JJ  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  sea-boat_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  radio_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  Decca_NP  set_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  aids_NNS  to_IO  navigation_NN  on_IO  board_NN  so_CS  the_AT1  skipper_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  mate_NN  must_VM  needs_RR  be_VB0  masters_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  craft_NN  .  
  paper_NN  cargo_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  ships_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  Dutchmen_NP2  .  
  Henriette_NP  B_ZZ1  and_CC  Zaanstroom_NP  from_IO  Amsterdam_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  lay-by_NN  ,_,  Molensingel_NP  loaded_VVD  spent_JJ  oxide_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  gasworks_NN  for_IO  Nantes_NP  ,_,  Equator_NP  brought_VVD  fir_NN  logs_NNS  from_IO  Kristiansund_NP  ,_,  Norway_NP  ,_,  to_IO  Aldrington_NP  basin_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Marley_NP  tile_NN  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  Aerdenhout_NP  came_VVD  from_IO  Isnas_NP  ,_,  Finland_NP  ,_,  with_IO  timber_NN  and_CC  paper_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  newcomer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  station_NN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0B.E.A_NP  collier_NN  Cliff_NP  Quay_NP  ,_,  named_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  station_NN  at_IO  Ipswich_NP  .  
  the_AT1  wine_NN  and_CC  spirit_NN  trades_NNS  still_RR  continue_VV0  to_TO  flourish_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  \0m.v_NN  Drake_NP  bringing_VBG  brandy_NN  from_IO  Tonnay_NP  Charente_NP  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  \0m.v_NN  Canton_NP  Pequena_NP  bringing_VBG  sherry_NN  from_IO  Spain_NP  .  
  getting_VBG  up_RP  steam_NN  for_IO  celebration_NN  .  
  railway_NN  enthusiasts_NNS  are_VBR  getting_VBG  up_RP  steam_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  important_JJ  anniversary_NN  celebration_NN    the_AT1  100th_MD  birthday_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Shoreham_NP  to_IO  Steyning_NP  line_NN  along_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Steyning_NP  flier_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  famous_JJ  train_NN  in_IO  west_NN1  Sussex_NP  ,_,  still_RR  puffs_VBZ  every_AT1  day_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  painstaking_JJ  research_NN  which_DDQ  occupies_VBZ  the_AT1  leisure_NN  hours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  keener_JJ  enthusiasts_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  anniversary_NN  nearly_RR  slipped_VVD  by_RP  unnoticed_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  18-year-old_JB  Steyning_NP  grammar_NN  school_NN  boy_NN  Michael_NP  Keeney_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Atherton_NP  ,_,  Jarvis-lane_NP  ,_,  Steyning_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS came_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Shoreham_NP  to_IO  Henfield_NP  railway_NN  ,_,  via_IO  Steyning_NP  ,_,  opened_VVD  on_IO  July_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1861_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  immediately_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  headmaster_NN  of_IO  Steyning_NP  county_NN  primary_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0C_NP  \0G_NP  Lewis_NP  ,_,  went_VVD  delving_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  files_NNS  of_IO  newspapers_NNS  of_IO  100_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  some_DD  fascinating_JJ  facts_NNS  were_VBDR  unearthed_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  today_NN1  are_VBR  not_XX  without_IO  their_APP$  touch_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO    a_AT1  narrow_JJ  escape_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  shortly_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  was_VBDZ  officially_RR  opened_VBN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  ballast_NN  train_NN  was_VBDZ  chugging_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  concerns_VBZ  a_AT1  character_NN  called_VBN  Humphry_NP  of_IO  Henfield_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  lad_NN  who_PNQS suffered_VVD  from_IO  deafness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  observed_VBN  150_MC  yards_NNS  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  engine_NN  ,_,  walking_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  metals_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  eel-spear_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  in_IO  dramatic_JJ  prose_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  report_NN  takes_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  story_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  engine_NN  driver_NN  blew_VVD  his_APP$  whistle_NN  but_CCB  no_AT1  heed_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  .  
  fortunately_RR  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  who_PNQS knew_VVD  the_AT1  lad_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  deaf_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  by_IO  sound_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  aware_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  danger_NN  .  
  the_AT1  brake_NN  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  means_NN  used_VBN  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  train_NN  ,_,  fortunately_RR  with_IO  success_NN  .    
  the_AT1  report_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  say_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  hopes_VBZ  that_CS  Humphry_NP  just_RR  kept_VVD  on_RP  walking_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  metals_NNS  ,_,  blissfully_RR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  monster_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  until_CS  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  good_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  his_APP$  destination_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  eel-spear_NN  ,_,  waving_VBG  cheerily_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  driver_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  .  
  facts_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  ceremony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  in_RP  useful_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  schoolboy_NN  Michael_NP  is_VBZ  hard_RR  at_IO  work_NN  talking_VBG  British_JJ  railways_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  commemoration_NN  run_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  engine_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  dreams_VBZ  of_IO  prising_VBG  period_JB  costumes_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  mothballs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  railways'_NN2  museum_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  worn_VBN  by_IO  officials_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  day_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  succeed_VV0  if_CS  enough_DD  enthusiasts_NNS  get_VV0  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  can_VM  guarantee_VV0  a_AT1  train_NN  load_NN  of_IO  guests_NNS  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  off_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  quite_DA  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  finish_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  dinner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  provided_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  Horse_NP  ,_,  Steyning_NP  ,_,  100_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  70_MC  or_CC  80_MC  persons_NNS  sat_VVD  down_RP  .  
  says_VBZ  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  report_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  dinner_NN  was_VBDZ  altogether_RR  excellent_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  champagne_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  vintage_NN  .    
  after_IO  the_AT1  loyal_JJ  toasts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  army_NN    ,_,    the_AT1  navy_NN    and_CC    the_AT1  volunteers_NNS    were_VBDR  successively_RR  drunk_VBN  .  
  almost_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  afterthought_NN  came_VVD  the_AT1  toast_NN    health_NN  and_CC  success_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  directors_NNS  ,_,  managers_NNS  and_CC  officials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  ,_,  Brighton_NP  and_CC  south_NN1  coast_NN  railway_NN  company_NN  .    
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Storrington_NP  rifle_NN  band_NN  were_VBDR  in_IO  action_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  called_VBN    the_AT1  nightingale_NN  ,_,    upon_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  says_VBZ  the_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  party_NN  broke_VVD  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  band_NN  ,_,  preceded_VBN  by_IO  flags_NNS  ,_,  marched_VVD  again_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  concourse_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  train_NN  set_VVD  off_RP    a_AT1  genuine_JJ  cheer_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  George_NP  Pompey_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  all_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  and_CC  repeated_VBN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  completed_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  jolliest_JJT  days_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  records_NNS  of_IO  Old_NP  Steyning_NP  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  sad_JJ  note_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  Humphry_NP  of_IO  Henfield_NP  appeared_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  notice_NN  .  
  commonwealth_NN  exhibition_NN  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  there_EX  are_VBR  twelve_MC  .  
  six_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  eight_MC  independent_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  today_NN1  there_EX  are_VBR  12_MC  .  
  who_PNQS  are_VBR  the_AT1  other_DA  peoples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  why_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  so_RG  important_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  we_PPIS2  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  holds_VBZ  us_PPIO2   together_RR  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  answers_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  vitally_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  us_PPIO2   all_DB  you_PPY  should_VM  visit_VV0  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  exhibition_NN  at_IO  Hove_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  seven_MC  sections_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  designed_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  insight_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  midst_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  how_CS much_DA  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  day_NN  .  
  almost_RR  every_AT1  day_NN  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  its_APP$  importance_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  wealth_NN  and_CC  untapped_JJ  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  countries_NNS  which_DDQ  belong_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  of_IO  their_APP$  strength_NN  and_CC  growth_NN  .  
  Pat_NP  answers_VBZ  a_AT1  Fir_NP  Park_NNL1  prayer_NN  .  
  Motherwell_NP  5_MC  ,_,  Hibs_NP2  1_MC1  .  (_(  half-time_NN    2-1_MC-MC  .  )_)  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  delightful_JJ  !_!  
  when_CS Motherwell_NP  play_VV0  like_IO  this_DD1  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  describe_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  glory_NN  be_VB0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  now_RL  have_VH0  somebody_PN1  to_TO  stick_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  .  
  sure_UH  ,_,  big_JJ  Pat_NP  Delaney_NP  missed_VVD  some_DD  pinches_NNS  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  as_IO  a_AT1  conservative_JJ  estimate_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  scored_VVD  three_MC  goals_NNS  ,_,  laid_VVD  on_RP  one_MC1  ,_,  hit_VVD  the_AT1  post_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  header_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  two_MC  more_DA  net-stretchers_NNS  disallowed_VBN  for_IO  infringements_NNS  .  
  so_RR  altogether_RR  you_PPY  can_VM  say_VV0  Jimmy_NP  Delaney's_PPIO2  boy_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  reasonably_RR  successful_JJ  afternoon_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  laugh_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  when_CS 'Well_NP  skipper_NN  Willie_NP  McSeveney_NP  came_VVD  out_RP  some_DD  20_MC  yards_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  his_APP$  team_NN  mates_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  tackle_VV0  Hibs_NP2  single-handed_RR  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  score_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  might_VM  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  not_XX  so_PN1  .  
  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  latterly_RR  demoralised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  jinking_JJ  homesters_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  Hibs_NP2  team_NN  .  
  lack_NN  of_IO  forward_JJ  cohesion_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  rock_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  foundered_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  Bobby_NP  Young_NP    goal_NN    disallowed_VBN  for_IO  offside_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  minute_NN  set_VVD  the_AT1  game_NN  alight_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  legitimate_JJ  counter_NN  went_VVD  to_IO  Hibs_NP2  .  
  Weir_NP  stopped_VVD  a_AT1  Stevenson_NP  shot_NN  ,_,  dropped_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  then_RL  scooped_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  straight_RR  to_IO  Preston_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS drove_VVD  home_NN1  through_IO  a_AT1  crowded_JJ  goalmouth_NN  .  
  a_AT1  deft_JJ  Delaney_NP  header_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  McPhee_NP  cross_NN  restored_VVD  equality_NN  .  
  then_RL  came_VVD  tragedy_NN  for_IO  Simpson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  executed_VBN  wonder_NN  saves_NNS  from_IO  Hunter_NP  ,_,  Delaney_NP  ,_,  and_CC  McPhee_NP  .  
  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  down-the-middle_JB  ball_NN  eluded_VVD  Preston_NP  and_CC  Delaney_NP  .  
  Simpson_NP  ran_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  completely_RR  missed_VVD  his_APP$  kick_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Delaney_NP  walked_VVD  it_PPH1  home_NN1  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  'Well_NP  ran_VVD  riot_NN  .  
  Roberts_NP  shivered_VVD  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  shots_NNS  flew_VVD  everywhere_RR  around_IO  Simpson's_PPIO2  goal_NN  .  
  Delaney_NP  wrapped_VVD  number_NN  three_MC  up_RP  in_IO  silver_JJ  paper_NN  for_IO  McPhee_NP  .  
  next_RR  Pat_NP  netted_VVD  an_AT1    offside_JB    one_MC1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  Young_NP  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  position_NN  to_TO  capitalise_VV0  the_AT1  youngster's_NN1$  cross_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  minute_NN  Pat_NP  rocketed_VVD  home_NN1  another_DD1  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  whistle_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  penalty_NN  for_IO  Baird_NP  fouling_VBG  Quinn_NP  .  
  Pat_NP  Quinn_NP  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  his_APP$  custom_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  no_AT1  mistake_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  kick_NN  .  
  Quinn_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  called_VBN    the_AT1  little_JJ  General_NNSB1  .    
  here_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  Montgomery_NP  ,_,  Napoleon_NP  ,_,  Horrocks_NP  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  Generals_NNSB2  you_PPY  ever_RR  heard_VVD  of_IO  .  
  just_RR  a_AT1  hair's-breadth_NN  behind_RP  was_VBDZ  Willie_NP  Hunter_NP  .  
  Thomson_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  topper_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  and_CC  Delaney_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  but_CCB  'Well_NP  really_RR  had_VHD  n't_XX  a_AT1  failure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  home_NN1  crowd_NN  goosed_VVD  Sammy_NP  Baird_NP  unmercifully_RR  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minor_JJ  indiscretions_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Sam_NP  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  Grant_NP  ,_,  Easton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Simpson_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  Hibs_NP2  stalwart_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  Simpson_NP  .  
  never_RR  mind_VV0  that_DD1  second_MD  goal_NN  .  
  crowd_NN    5500_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  local_JJ  boy_NN  makes_VBZ  good_JJ    with_IO  a_AT1  hat-trick_NN  .  
  Dunfermline_NP  Athletic_NP  6_MC  ,_,  Airdrie_NP  2_MC  .  (_(  half-time_NN    1-0_MC-MC  .  )_)  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  dream_NN  debut_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  19-year-old_JB  Jackie_NP  Sinclair_NP  !_!  
  playing_VBG  his_APP$  first_MD  league_NN  game_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  crowd_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ex-Blairhall_JB  junior_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  in_IO  Dunfermline_NP  ,_,  scored_VVD  a_AT1  glorious_JJ  hat-trick_NN  and_CC  fitted_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  perfectly_RR  .  
  sure_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  still_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  to_TO  go_VV0    but_CCB  one_MC1  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  do_VD0  is_VBZ  put_VV0  the_AT1  ball_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  good_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  .  
  take_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  goal-scorers_NNS  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  solitary_NN  from_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Charles_NP  Dickson_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  inside-forward_NN  cronies_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trio_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  illustrates_VBZ  how_CS potentially_RR  good_JJ  this_DD1  Dunfermline_NP  team_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  goal_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  writing_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  once_CS  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  the_AT1  net_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  stopping_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  two_MC  Airdrie_NP  goals_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  late_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  jolted_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  .  
  these_DD2  goals_NNS  apart_RP  ,_,  all_DB  Airdrie_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  offer_VV0  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stout-hearted_JJ  defence_NN  and_CC  excellent_JJ  sportsmanship_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  outmanoeuvred_VBN  all_RR  along_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  refused_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  under_RP  and_CC  never_RR  stooped_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  shady_JJ  action_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  ,_,  young_JJ  Sinclair_NP  showed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  just_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  half-time_NN  whistle_NN  he_PPHO1  hit_VVD  a_AT1  Cunningham_NP  free-kick_NN  past_IO  Dempster_NP  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  post_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  ,_,  Miller_NP  scored_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  goal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  .  
  over_RP  came_VVD  a_AT1  Melrose_NP  corner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  left-half_NN  ran_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  15_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  penalty_NN  spot_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  header_NN  flew_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  .  
  two_MC  beauties_NNS  .  
  then_RL  George_NP  Peebles_NP  decided_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  within_IO  five_MC  minutes_NNS  he_PPHO1  fired_VVD  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  beauties_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  .  
  Sinclair_NP  finished_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  Dunfermline_NP  scoring_NN  .  
  first_RR  he_PPHO1  hit_VVD  a_AT1  left-footer_NN  cleanly_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  sank_VVD  a_AT1  penalty_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  veteran_NN  after_CS  Shanks_NP  had_VHD  handled_VBN  his_APP$  first_MD  shot_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  finished_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  Storrie_NP  and_CC  Hinshelwood_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Airdrie_NP  scorers_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  beat_VVD  Connachan_NP  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  20-yard_JB  mark_NN  .  
  no_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dunfermline_NP  defence_NN    they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  never_RR  stretched_VBN  .  
  all_DB  three_MC  halves_NNS  were_VBDR  immense_JJ  while_CS  the_AT1  forward_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  switching_VBG  and_CC  changing_VBG  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  real_JJ  field_NN  day_NN  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  bouquets_NNS  for_IO  Airdrie_NP  .  
  say_VV0  Johnstone_NP  ,_,  McNeil_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Newlands_NP  earned_VVD  pass_NN  marks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  about_RR  it_PPH1  .  
  crowd_NN    8000_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Clyde_NP  stage_VV0  a_AT1  fade-out_NN  .  
  Albion_NP  Rovers_NP2  2_MC  ,_,  Clyde_NP  3_MC  .  
  (_(  half-time_NN    0-3_MC-MC  )_)  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  15_MC  minutes_NNS  Clyde_NP  showed_VVD  why_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  favourites_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  time_NN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  they_PPHS2  shattered_VVD  Rovers'_NPS$  defence_NN  with_IO  three_MC  snappy_JJ  goals_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  75_MC  minutes_NNS  they_PPHS2  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  why_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  faltered_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  weeks_NNS  .  
  slackness_NN  and_CC  complacency_NN  allowed_VVD  Rovers_NP2  to_TO  come_VV0  right_RR  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  with_IO  two_MC  good_JJ  goals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  15_MC  minutes_NNS  Clyde_NP  were_VBDR  a_AT1  worried_JJ  lot_NN  .  
  Leary_NP  stars_VBZ  .  
  main_JB  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sway_NN  of_IO  fortune_NN  centred_VBN  round_IO  Dennis_NP  Leary_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Rovers'_NPS$  pivot_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  disastrous_JJ  start_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  his_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  then_RL  on_RP  his_APP$  wing_NN  halves_NNS  ,_,  Harvey_NP  and_CC  McLure_NP  ,_,  got_VVD  to_IO  grips_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  early_JJ  Shawfield_NP  promise_NN  faded_VVD  completely_RR  .  
  McLaughlin_NP  capably_RR  led_VVD  Clyde's_PPIO2  attack_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  spell_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  two_MC  good_JJ  goals_NNS  in_IO  5_MC  and_CC  15_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  between_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  big_JJ  John_NP  Colrain_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS finished_VVD  limping_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  ,_,  got_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  goal_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  7th_MD  minute_NN  .  
  Stewart_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  Coatbridge_NP  rally_NN  to_TO  score_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  72nd_MD  minute_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Livingstone_NP  made_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  brace_NN  six_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  crowd_NN    1000_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  United_NP  had_VHD  their_APP$  fans_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  sweat_NN  .  
  Dundee_NP  United_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Stirling_NP  Albion_NP  0_MC  .  (_(  half-time_NN    0-0_MC-MC  .  )_)  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Albion_NP  look_NN  doomed_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  slide_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  grade_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  already_RR  playing_VBG  second_MD  division_NN  football_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  triers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  plan_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  science_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  cohesion_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  clue_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  worse_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  brought_VVD  United_NP  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  dreadful_JJ  level_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  attempts_NNS  at_IO  ball_NN  control_NN  and_CC  passing_NN  were_VBDR  positively_RR  ludicrous_JJ  .  
  for_IO  81_MC  minutes_NNS  this_DD1  hopeless_JJ  spectacle_NN  shaped_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  goalless_JJ  draw_NN  because_CS  over-anxious_JJ  United_NP  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  territorial_JJ  advantage_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  circumvent_VV0  a_AT1  desperate_JJ  defence_NN  .  
  first_MD    goal_NN  ,_,    in_IO  six_MC  minutes_NNS  came_VVD  for_IO  Albion_NP  from_IO  Rowan_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  winger_NN  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  offside_RR  .  
  somewhat_RR  laboriously_RR  the_AT1  Tannadice_NP  team_NN  built_VVD  up_RP  attack_NN  after_IO  attack_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  fluency_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  movements_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  no_AT1  finish_NN  .  
  Carlyle_NP  and_CC  Gillespie_NP  missed_VVD  inviting_JJ  chances_NNS  .  
  then_RL  Neil_NP  Mochan_NP  tingled_VVD  Jim_NP  Brown's_PPIO2  fingers_NNS  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  goalie_NN  saved_VVD  the_AT1  Albion_NP  bacon_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  fisted_VVD  over_RP  a_AT1  whizzer_NN  from_IO  Dennis_NP  Gillespie_NP  .  
  the_AT1  once-in-a-while_JB  Stirling_NP  raids_NNS  came_VVD  mainly_RR  through_IO  Kilgannon_NP  and_CC  Rowan_NP  ,_,  for_CS  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  inside_JB  trio_NN  measured_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  anything_PN1  like_IO  first_MD  division_NN  standard_NN  .  
  the_AT1  encouraging_JJ  Tannadice_NP  howl_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  despairing_JJ      och_UH  ,_,  come_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  United_NP    groan_NN  before_CS  Tommy_NP  Neilson_NP  made_VVD  the_AT1  vocalists_NNS  happy_JJ  by_IO  beating_VBG  Brown_NP  .  
  like_IO  magic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  strain_NN  left_VVD  the_AT1  team_NN  .  
  Mochan_NP  swerved_VVD  a_AT1  ball_NN  to_IO  Walter_NP  Carlyle_NP  five_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  centre_NN  settled_VVD  the_AT1  destination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  .  
  Gordon_NP  in_IO  form_NN  .  
  good_JJ  players_NNS  were_VBDR  extremely_RR  scarce_JJ  .  
  Albion_NP  were_VBDR  well_RR  served_VBN  by_IO  Brown_NP  and_CC  Weir_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  .  
  only_RR  Myles_NP  ,_,  Kilgannon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Rowan_NP  made_VVD  attacking_JJ  sorties_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  lot_NN  ,_,  \0Alex_NP  Brown_NP  was_VBDZ  practically_RR  unemployed_JJ  ,_,  Gordon_NP  the_AT1  best_JJT  back_NN  afield_RR  ,_,  Neilson_NP  the_AT1  only_DA  half-back_NN  with_IO  any_DD  finesse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Gillespie_NP  the_AT1  only_DA  real_JJ  footballer_NN  in_IO  either_LE  front_JB  line_NN  .  
  Bonar_NP  came_VVD  by_IO  a_AT1  knee_NN  injury_NN  and_CC  swopped_VVD  wings_NNS  with_IO  Mochan_NP  .  
  this_DD1  did_VDD  n't_XX  help_VV0  to_TO  improve_VV0  the_AT1  game_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  quickly_RR  forgotten_VBN  .  
  crowd_NN    7000_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  tight_JJ  defence_NN  foils_VBZ  Morton_NP  .  
  Alloa_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Morton_NP  1_MC1  .  
  (_(  half-time_NN    1-0_MC-MC  .  )_)  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  a_AT1  hard_JJ  game_NN  ,_,  with_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  giving_VBG  everything_PN1  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  .  
  the_AT1  Wasps_NP2  had_VHD  that_DD1  extra_JJ  sting_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  earned_VVD  them_PPHO1  victory_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  20_MC  minutes_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  top_NN  and_CC  Foley_NP  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  deserved_JJ  lead_NN  .  
  then_RL  Morton_NP  came_VVD  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  show_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  McKenna_NP  put_VVD  Alloa_NP  further_RRR  ahead_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  breakaway_JB  raid_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Easson_NP  cancelled_VVD  that_DD1  seven_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  from_IO  then_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  whether_CS  Morton_NP  could_VM  equalise_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  but_CCB  poor_JJ  finishing_NN  robbed_VVD  them_PPHO1  of_IO  goals_NNS  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  foiled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  watertight_JJ  home_NN1  defence_NN  .  
  Hodge_NP  ,_,  \0E_NP  Docherty_NP  ,_,  Vint_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0J_NP  Docherty_NP  all_DB  deserve_VV0  mention_NN  for_IO  Alloa_NP  with_IO  Smith_NP  outstanding_JJ  at_IO  centre-forward_NN  .  
  for_IO  Morton_NP  ,_,  Boyd_NP  ,_,  Franks_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Cowie_NP  stood_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  fighting_JJ  combine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Jackie_NP  Ferguson_NP  and_CC  Allan_NP  McGraw_NP  can_VM  fly_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Germany_NP  feeling_VBG  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  let_VV0  the_AT1  side_NN  down_RP  either_RR  .  
  crowd_NN    2000_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  test_NN  match_NN  record_NN  .  
  after_CS  Ted_NP  Dexter_NP  had_VHD  won_VBN  the_AT1  toss_NN  ,_,  England's_PPIO2  opening_JJ  pair_NN  ,_,  Geoff_NP  Pullar_NP  and_CC  Peter_NP  Richardson_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  fine_JJ  start_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  test_NN  against_IO  India_NP  at_IO  Bombay_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  opening_JJ  partnership_NN  of_IO  159_MC  .  
  this_DD1  beat_VVD  the_AT1  previous_JJ  best_JJT  opening_NN  against_IO  India_NP    146_MC  by_IO  Pullar_NP  and_CC  Gilbert_NP  Parkhouse_NP  at_IO  Leeds_NP  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  play_NN  England_NP  had_VHD  scored_VBN  288_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  three_MC  wickets_NNS  .  
  then_RL  up_RP  popped_VVD  Patterson_NP  .  
  Montrose_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Queen_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  3_MC  .  
  (_(  half-time_NN    2-0_MC-MC  )_)  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Montrose_NP  sacrificed_VVD  everything_PN1  in_IO  a_AT1  bid_NN  for_IO  two_MC  points_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  hoisted_VBN  them_PPHO1  into_IO  second_MD  place_NN  .  
  having_VHG  taken_VBN  two_MC  first-half_NN  goals_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  back_RP  with_IO  that_DD1    what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  we_PPIS2  hold_VV0    attitude_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  in_IO  seven_MC  minutes_NNS  Queen's_NP  transformed_VVD  things_NNS  .  
  big_JJ  Jim_NP  Patterson_NP  banged_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  goal_NN  eight_MC  minutes_NNS  from_IO  time_NN  .  
  three_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  in_RP  another_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  equaliser_NN  .  
  then_RL  McMillan_NP  and_CC  Martin_NP  pulled_VVD  off_RP  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  winner_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Montrose_NP  defence_NN  doing_VBG  all_DB  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  goals_NNS  followed_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  pattern_NN    crosses_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS  .  
  first_MD  two_MC  were_VBDR  from_IO  corner_NN  kicks_NNS  .  
  all_DB  three_MC  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  cleared_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  home_NN1  supporters_NNS  became_VVD  critical_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  they_PPHS2  should_VM  really_RR  lambast_VV0  those_DD2  forwards_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  shot-shy_JJ  against_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  Queens_NP  defence_NN  starring_VBG  McTurk_NP  and_CC  Rugg_NP  .  
  take_VV0  Frank_NP  Sandeman_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN    especially_RR  second_MD  half_NN    and_CC  there_EX  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  try_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Queens_NP  had_VHD  some_DD  excuse_NN  in_CS  that_CS  Patterson_NP    delayed_VBN  in_IO  arrival_NN  because_IO  of_II  fog_NN    was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  not_XX  fully_RR  fit_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  pottered_VVD  about_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  wing_NN  for_IO  85_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  did_VDD  all_DB  the_AT1  damage_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  three-minute_JB  burst_NN  .  
  until_IO  then_RL  Phil_NP  Grieve_NP  scarcely_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  save_NN  .  
  crowd_NN    2000_MC  .  
  fighting_JJ  Forfar_NP  .  
  Forfar_NP  2_MC  Berwick_NP  \0Ran_NP  2_MC  .  
  half-time_NN    1-2_MC-MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Bobby_NP  Legge_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ex-Buckie_JB  Thistle_NP  inside_JB  forward_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  home_NN1  debut_NN  for_IO  Forfar_NP  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  clever_JJ  leading-out_NN  work_NN  Bobby_NP  ,_,  though_CS  obviously_RR  short_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  gallop_NN  ,_,  scored_VVD  the_AT1  goal_NN  that_PNQS brought_VVD  his_APP$  side_NN  a_AT1  point_NN  .  
  Forfar_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  more_RG  impressive_JJ  side_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  ,_,  when_CS Ross_NP  put_VVD  them_PPHO1  ahead_RR  in_IO  five_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  forward_JJ  line_NN  cut_VVD  the_AT1  Berwick_NP  defence_NN  to_IO  ribbons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  another_DD1  goal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gradually_RR  Rangers_NP2  came_VVD  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  McCulloch_NP  (_(  twice_RR  )_)  and_CC  Imrie_NP  both_DB2  went_VVD  close_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  game_NN  took_VVD  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  turn_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  favour_NN  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  innocuous-looking_JJ  attack_NN  Knox_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  goal-line_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  adjudged_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  handled_VBN  .  
  right-half_NN  Smith_NP  banged_VVD  home_NN1  the_AT1  penalty_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  the_AT1  same_DA  three_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  when_CS McCulloch_NP  ,_,  tearing_VBG  through_RP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  downed_VBN  by_IO  Berrie_NP  .  
  to_IO  Forfar's_PPIO2  credit_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  tightened_VVD  up_RP  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  fighting_VBG  20_MC  minutes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  all-out_JB  attack_NN  Legge_NP  rammed_VVD  home_NN1  the_AT1  equaliser_NN  .  
  Berwick_NP  carried_VVD  most_DA  danger_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  left_JJ  wing_NN  .  
  Forfar's_PPIO2  forward_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  good_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  ,_,  tapered_VVD  off_RP  after_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  .  
  crowd_NN    1000_MC  .  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Stranraer_NP  dominate_VV0  .  
  Stranraer_NP  4_MC  ,_,  Brechin_NP  City_NNL1  0_MC  .  
  (_(  half-time_NN    1-0_MC-MC  .  )_)  **[LIST**]_&FO  
  Brechin_NP  tried_VVD  hard_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  team_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Stranraer_NP  dominated_VVD  throughout_II  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  forward_JJ  failings_NNS  deprived_VVD  them_PPHO1  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  another_DD1  four_MC  goals_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  little_DA  football_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Stranraer_NP  played_VVD  it_PPH1  .  county_NN  gossip_NN  .  
  air_NN  Minister_NNSB1  drops_VBZ  in_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  chat_NN  .  
  a_AT1  royal_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  helicopter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  flight_NN  put_VVD  down_RP  some_DD  distinguished_JJ  visitors_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A.F_NP  station_NN  at_IO  Daws_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  ,_,  on_IO  Friday_NN1  last_DA  ,_,  chief_JB  among_IO  whom_WPO  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  air_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  right_RR  \0Hon_NNSB1  Julian_NP  Amery_NP  .  
  accompanying_VBG  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  on_IO  his_APP$  visit_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  also_RR  included_VVD  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  \0RAF_NP  Upper_NP  Heyford_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  air_NN  Chief_NNSB1  Marshal_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Edmund_NP  Hudleston_NP  ,_,  Vice-Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  air_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Maurice_NP  Dean_NP  ,_,  permanent_JJ  under-Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  air_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Roberts_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister's_NNSB2  private_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  air_NN  Marshal_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Douglas_NP  Jackman_NP  ,_,  co-ordinator_NN  of_IO  Anglo-American_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  air_NN  ministry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  squadron_NN  leader_NN  Peter_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  personal_JJ  air_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Amery_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  party_NN  were_VBDR  greeted_VBN  by_IO  Major-General_NNSB1  Charles_NP  \0B_NP  Westover_NP  ,_,  strategic_JJ  air_NN  command's_NN1$  7th_MD  air_NN  division_NN  commander_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS talked_VVD  over_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  the_AT1  command's_NN1$  activities_NNS  and_CC  mission_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  never_RR  a_AT1  dull_JJ  moment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  headmistress_NN  in_IO  school_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  all_RR  sunshine_NN  and_CC  brightness_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  \0K_NP  \0A_NP  Walpole_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Wycombe_NP  Abbey_NNL1  school_NN  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  presented_VVD  her_APP$  last_DA  annual_JJ  report_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  speech_NN  day_NN  on_IO  Friday_NN1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Walpole_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS retires_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  shadows_NNS  even_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  headmistress_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  and_CC  administration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  school_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  loved_VBN  the_AT1  life_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  never_RR  a_AT1  dull_JJ  moment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  community_NN  of_IO  400_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  people_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  never_RR  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  would_VM  bring_VV0  forward_RR    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  challenge_NN  .  
  sad_JJ  goodbye_NN  .  
  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  in_IO  1948_MC  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Walpole_NP  said_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  sad_JJ  goodbye_NN  to_IO  many_DA  friends_NNS  in_IO  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  much_DA  kindness_NN  from_IO  borough_NN  councillors_NNS  ,_,  education_NN  officials_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Wycombe_NP  division_NN  ,_,  and_CC  local_JJ  school_NN  heads_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Walpole_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS told_VVD  parents_NNS  and_CC  visitors_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  look_VV0  back_RP  over_RR  40_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  profession_NN  and_CC  27_MC  as_IO  a_AT1  headmistress_NN  ,_,  heard_VVD  words_NNS  of_IO  tribute_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Ambrose_NP  Dundas_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  council_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Ambrose_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  at_IO  school_NN  speech_NN  days_NNS  Miss_NNSB1  Walpole_NP  had_VHD  paid_VBN  tribute_NN  to_IO  staff_NN  ,_,  girls_NNS  ,_,  parents_NNS  and_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  say_VV0  these_DD2  tributes_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  deserved_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD    but_CCB  you_PPY  have_VH0  never_RR  once_RR  paid_VBN  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  a_AT1  lion's_NN1$  share_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ    yourself_PPX1  .    
  regiment's_NN1$  visit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  county_NN  regiment_NN  of_IO  Oxfordshire_NP  and_CC  Buckinghamshire_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  1st_MD  green_JJ  jackets_NNS  ,_,  43rd_MD  and_CC  52nd_MD  ,_,  at_IO  present_NN  stationed_VBN  in_IO  Wiltshire_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  visiting_VBG  the_AT1  parent_NN  counties_NNS  during_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1    free_JJ  press_NN    learns_VBZ  .  
  detailed_JJ  plans_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  tour_NN  will_VM  start_VV0  in_IO  \0Bucks_NP  in_IO  late_JJ  August_NN1  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  rifle_NN  company_NN  group_NN  ,_,  including_IO  mortar_NN  and_CC  anti-tank_JB  detachments_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  for_IO  about_RR  ten_MC  days_NNS  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  public_JJ  displays_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  regiment_NN  hope_VV0  to_TO  challenge_VV0  local_JJ  clubs_NNS  at_IO  various_JJ  sports_NNS  .  
  supporting_VBG  the_AT1  company_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  regimental_JJ  band_NN  and_CC  buglers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  drill_NN  squad_NN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  activities_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  to_TO  coincide_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  visit_NN  .  
  honours_NNS  list_NN  .  
  Viscount_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  \0Bucks_NP  education_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Townsend_NP  ,_,  county_NN  medical_JJ  officer_NN  and_CC  chief_JB  welfare_NN  officer_NN  for_IO  \0Bucks_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  congratulated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  June_NN1  meeting_NN  of_IO  \0Bucks_NP  education_NN  committee_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  award_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0C.B.E_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  birthday_NN  honours_NNS  list_NN  .  
  \0Col_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0W_NP  Watson_NP  said_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon's_PPIO2  honour_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  much_RR  deserved_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  but_CCB  outside_RP  also_RR  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  offered_VVD  the_AT1  committee's_NN1$  congratulations_NNS  also_RR  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Townsend_NP  .  
  among_IO  other_DA  awards_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  birthday_NN  honours_NNS  were_VBDR    \0Mr_NNSB1  Frederick_NP  Hugh_NP  Dalziel_NP  Pritchard_NP  ,_,  Secretary-General_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  red_JJ  cross_NN  ,_,  of_IO  Gerrards_NP  Cross_NP  ,_,  made_VBN  a_AT1  \0C.B.E_NNSB1  ;_;  Group-Captain_NNSB1  Angus_NP  Archibald_NP  Norman_NP  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Lakes-lane_NP  ,_,  Beaconsfield_NP  ,_,  \0C.B.E_NNSB1  ;_;  and_CC  \0Lt.-Col_NNSB1  William_NP  Cavendish_NP  Carter_NP  ,_,  \0R.A_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Sandels-way_NP  ,_,  Beaconsfield_NP  ,_,  \0O.B.E_NNSB1  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  their_APP$  leader_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS joined_VVD  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  squadron_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  training_NN  corps_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  cadet_NN  in_IO  1941_MC  ,_,  soon_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  unit's_NN1$  formation_NN  ,_,  on_IO  Monday_NN1  became_VVD  its_APP$  new_JJ  commanding_JJ  officer_NN  .  
  pilot_NN  officer_NN  Edward_NP  Maddox_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  36_MC  ,_,  of_IO  26_MC  Squirrel-lane_NP  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  ,_,  took_VVD  over_IO  command_NN  of_IO  \0no_NN  332_MC  (_(  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  )_)  squadron_NN  from_IO  flight_NN  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Drinkwater_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  area_NN  after_IO  receiving_VBG  a_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  promotion_NN  .  
  pilot_NN  officer_NN  Maddox_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  married_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  one_MC1  daughter_NN  ,_,  left_VVD  the_AT1  \0A.T.C_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  leading_JJ  cadet_NN  in_IO  March_NN1  1943_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  straight_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  aircrew_NN  training_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  received_VVD  his_APP$  pilot's_NN1$  wings_NNS  .  
  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  world_NN  war_NN  he_PPHO1  flew_VVD  unarmed_JJ  Stinson_NP  Reliant_NP  aircraft_NNS  on_IO  communications_NNS  and_CC  air-evacuation_JB  flights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Burma_NP  theatre_NN  of_IO  operations_NNS  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  warrant_NN  officer_NN  pilot_NN  in_IO  April_NN1  1948_MC  .  
  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  a_AT1  commission_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  volunteer_NN  reserve_NN  training_NN  branch_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  since_II  served_VBN  as_IO  equipment_NN  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  \0A.T.C_NP  squadron_NN  .  
  a_AT1  technical_JJ  representative_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  firm_NN  of_IO  Richard_NP  Graefe_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  pilot_NN  officer_NN  Maddox_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  treasurer_NN  of_IO  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  Wye_NP  Valley_NNL1  angling_NN  club_NN  .  
  plans_NNS  for_IO  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  he_PPHO1  succeeds_VBZ  ,_,  flight_NN  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Drinkwater_NP  ,_,  lives_VBZ  at_IO  12_MC  Shelley-road_NP  ,_,  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  .  
  married_VBN  with_IO  two_MC  daughters_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  son_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Marlow_NP  squadron_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0A.T.C_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  employed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  valuation_NN  office_NN  .  
  flight_NN  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Drinkwater_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS served_VVD  as_IO  an_AT1  administrative_JJ  officer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  from_IO  1940-46_MC-MC  including_IO  tours_NNS  of_IO  duty_NN  in_IO  Sierra_NP  Leone_NP  ,_,  Nigeria_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Gold_NP  Coast_NNL1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  former_DA  adjutant_NN  of_IO  Marlow_NP  \0A.T.C_NP  squadron_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  former_DA  commander_NN  of_IO  \0no_NN  757_MC  (_(  Vectis_NP  )_)  squadron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  .  
  present_JJ  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  squadron_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  over_RR  40_MC  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  seven_MC  new_JJ  recruits_NNS  at_IO  Monday's_NP1  meeting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  unit_NN  hopes_VBZ  next_DA  spring_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  possession_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new-type_JB  cedar_NN  hut_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  specifically_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  \0A.T.C_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  erected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  territorial_JJ  army_NN  barracks_NNS  .  
  musical_JJ  barge_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  American_JJ  symphony_NN  orchestra_NN  arrive_VV0  in_IO  Marlow_NP  on_IO  July_NN1  15_MC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  use_VV0  an_AT1  18-foot_JB  barge_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  auditorium_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  regatta_NN  enclosure_NN  at_IO  Marlow_NP  the_AT1  65_MC  musicians_NNS  will_VM  play_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  barge_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  large_JJ  flaps_NNS  100_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  by_IO  60_MC  feet_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  stage_NN  depth_NN  of_IO  32_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  craft_NN  ,_,  built_VBN  at_IO  Dartford_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  orchestra's_NN1$  Thames_NP  tour_NN  was_VBDZ  specially_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  the_AT1  river's_NN1$  lock_NN  and_CC  bridges_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  equipped_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  fireworks_NNS  display_NN  after_IO  each_DD1  performance_NN  .  
  established_VBN  at_IO  Pittsburg_NP  ,_,  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  has_VHZ  played_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  including_IO  Japan_NP  ,_,  Mexico_NP  and_CC  China_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  orchestra_NN  arrives_VBZ  in_IO  Marlow_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  musicians_NNS  hope_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  entertained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  homes_NN2  of_IO  local_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  Marlow_NP  urban_JJ  council_NN  has_VHZ  given_VBN  the_AT1  visit_NN  every_AT1  support_NN  and_CC  appeals_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  for_IO  residents_NNS  to_TO  entertain_VV0  the_AT1  players_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  60_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  65_MC  players_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  guaranteed_VBN  accommodation_NN  .  
  exchange_NN  visits_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  27_MC  teenagers_NNS  and_CC  three_MC  adults_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  visiting_VBG  Amersham_NP  from_IO  Amersfoort_NP  ,_,  Holland_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  seven-day_JB  visit_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  invited_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  over_RP  their_APP$  national_JJ  costumes_NNS  to_TO  wear_VV0  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  parties_NNS  organised_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  honour_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  after_CS  they_PPHS2  arrive_VV0  ,_,  on_IO  July_NN1  22_MC  ,_,  at_IO  Amersham_NP  community_NN  centre_NN  .  
  Amersham_NP  ladies'_NN2  circle_NN  have_VH0  offered_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  refreshments_NNS  on_IO  that_DD1  occasion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  party_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ    farewell_NN    on_IO  July_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  return_VV0  home_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  party_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  size_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  from_IO  Amersham_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  stay_NN  in_IO  Amersfoort_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  party_NN  Amersham_NP  inner_JB  wheel_NN  will_VM  provide_VV0  refreshments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  plans_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  made_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  Scottish_JJ  dancing_NN  .  
  finishing_JJ  touches_NNS  were_VBDR  this_DD1  week_NN  being_VBG  put_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  visitors_NNS  .  
  Amersham_NP  estate_NN  agent_NN  and_CC  historian_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  Elgar_NP  Pike_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  the_AT1  party_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  history_NN  tour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  by_IO  car_NN  .  
  reading_NN  trends_NNS  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  commonwealth_NN  Prime_NNSB1  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  borrowers_NNS  of_IO  books_NNS  from_IO  Princes_NP  Risborough's_PPIO2  branch_NN  library_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  public_NN  seems_VBZ  less_RG  keen_JJ  on_IO  reading_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  library's_NN1$  annual_JJ  report_NN  reveals_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  issued_VBN  has_VHZ  dropped_VBN  by_IO  10,000_MC  compared_VBN  with_IO  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  closing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  morning_NN  probably_RR  accounted_VVD  in_IO  part_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  decrease_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  issued_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  extra_JJ  morning_NN  enabled_VVD  more_DA  time_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  administrative_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  new_JJ  books_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  quickly_RR  circulated_VBN  ,_,  books_NNS  needing_VBG  repair_NN  have_VH0  had_VHN  more_RG  regular_JJ  revision_NN  and_CC  readers'_NN2  requests_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  speeded_VBN  up_RP  .  
  more_DA  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  using_VBG  the_AT1  library_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  information_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  library_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  played_VBN  its_APP$  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  recreational_JJ  and_CC  cultural_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  Princes_NP  Risborough_NP  .  
  last_DA  summer_NN  the_AT1  library_NN  served_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  contact_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  lecturer_NN  from_IO  Oxford_NP  University_NNL1  and_CC  people_NNS  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  interested_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  class_NN  in_IO  modern_JJ  literature_NN    and_CC  such_DA  a_AT1  class_NN  was_VBDZ  successfully_RR  launched_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  ,_,  books_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  being_VBG  lent_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  library's_NN1$  headquarters_NN  .  
  social_JJ  and_CC  personal_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  21-year-old_JB  Prestwood_NP  man_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  son_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  of_IO  High-street_NP  ,_,  Prestwood_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  gained_VBN  a_AT1  first_MD  class_NN  honours_NNS  \0B.Sc_NNSB1  degree_NN  from_IO  Leeds_NP  University_NNL1  .  
  three_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  he_PPHO1  won_VVD  a_AT1  county_NN  scholarship_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  from_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Challoner's_PPIO2  grammar_NN  school_NN  at_IO  Amersham_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  planning_VBG  a_AT1  career_NN  in_IO  engineering_NN  ,_,  starting_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  spell_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  Leeds_NP  firm_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brian_NP  James_NP  Bond_NP  ,_,  only_DA  son_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0P_NP  \0H_NP  Bond_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Ferry-lane_NP  ,_,  Medmenham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  former_DA  head_JB  boy_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Borlase's_PPIO2  school_NN  ,_,  Marlow_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  tutor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  history_NN  at_IO  Exeter_NP  University_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  graduated_VVD  at_IO  Worcester_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  a_AT1  research_NN  student_NN  at_IO  King's_NNSB2  College_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  bright_JJ  prospects_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  Wycombe_NP  school_NN  .  
  officials_NNS  and_CC  supporters_NNS  of_IO  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  show_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  heart_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  brilliant_JJ  summer_NN  weather_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  bright_JJ  forecasts_NNS  of_IO  more_DA  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  are_VBR  striving_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  year's_NN1$  show_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  bigger_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  show_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  secretary_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilfred_NP  Heritage_NP    former_DA  High_NP  Wycombe_NP  police_NNS  superintendent_NN  .  
  and_CC  his_APP$  all-consuming_JJ  ambition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  show_NN  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  firm_JJ  financial_JJ  footing_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bad-weather_JB  spell_NN  last_DA  year_NN  cost_VVD  the_AT1  show_NN  a_AT1  credit_NN  reserve_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  slowly_RR  built_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  to_TO  explore_VV0  ways_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  funds_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  start_NN  .  
  but_CCB  still_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  emphasised_VBN  that_CS  to_TO  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  show's_NN1$  continued_JJ  existence_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  benefit_NN  and_CC  advertisement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  district_NN  ,_,  more_DA  subscribing_JJ  members_NNS  and_CC  vice-presidents_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  .  
  officials_NNS  feel_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  regular_JJ  income_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  rely_VV0    lessening_VBG  their_APP$  dependence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  .  
  this_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  show_NN  will_VM  stage_VV0  the_AT1  southern_JJ  area_NN  finals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    foxhunter_NN    competition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  winners_NNS  going_VBG  on_RP  direct_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  show_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  green_JJ  jackets_NNS  will_VM  stage_VV0  a_AT1  marching_JJ  band_NN  display_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  attractions_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  session_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  baseball_NN  .  
  already_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  trade_NN  stand_NN  space_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  horticultural_JJ  section_NN  ,_,  always_RR  a_AT1  strong_JJ  feature_NN  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  new_JJ  exhibits_NNS  .  
  new_JJ  deputy_NN  Chairman_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  approval_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Chancellor_NNSB1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  sought_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  \0R_NP  \0T_NP  Hooper_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  barrister_NN  and_CC  resident_NN  of_IO  Chalfont_NP  \0St_NNSB1  Peter_NP  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  deputy_NN  chairman_NN  of_IO  \0Bucks_NP  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthian_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  midsummer_NN  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  opened_VVD  at_IO  Aylesbury_NP  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hooper_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  practicing_JJ  barrister_NN  for_IO  some_DD  20_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  had_VHN  considerable_JJ  judicial_JJ  experience_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  assistant_NN  recorder_NN  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  midland_NN  circuit_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hooper_NP  lives_VBZ  at_IO  Beech_NP  Lawn_NP  ,_,  Chalfont_NP  Heights_NP  ,_,  and_CC  earlier_RRR  this_DD1  week_NN  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Beaconsfield_NP  magisterial_JJ  bench_NN  .  
  new_JJ  tractor_NN  his_APP$  prize_NN  .  
  a_AT1  Little_NP  Marlow_NP  farmer_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richard_NP  Barnes_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Wood_NNL1  Barn_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  happy_JJ  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  show_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  ,_,  July_NN1  6_MC  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  Dow_NP  agrochemicals_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  stand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  meet_VV0  Ted_NP  Moult_NP  ,_,  farmer_NN  and_CC  \0B.B.C_NP  personality_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  presented_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  prize_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  won_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1      know_VV0  your_APP$  enemy_NN    competition_NN  organised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  chemical_JJ  firm_NN  .  Carlisle_NP  men_NNS  accused_VBN  of_IO  attack_NN  on_IO  girl_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sixteen-year-old_JB  girl's_NN1$  evidence_NN  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  in_IO  camera_NN  by_IO  Wigan_NP  magistrates_NNS  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  when_CS three_MC  Carlisle_NP  men_NNS  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  offence_NN  against_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Routledge_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Holiday_NP  )_)  sat_VVD  all_DB  day_NN  listening_VBG  to_IO  evidence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  against_IO  John_NP  Earl_NP  (_(  28_MC  )_)  a_AT1  painter_NN  ,_,  address_NN  given_VBN  as_IO  16_MC  Brookside_NP  ,_,  Raffles_NP  ;_;  Eldon_NP  Edward_NP  Cole_NP  (_(  25_MC  )_)  ,_,  labourer_NN  ,_,  address_NN  given_VBN  as_IO  32_MC  Castle_NNL1  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  Lawrence_NP  Dixon_NP  (_(  22_MC  )_)  ,_,  labourer_NN  ,_,  address_NN  given_VBN  as_IO  87_MC  Dalton_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Raffles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  adjourned_VBN  until_IO  August_NN1  16th_MD  because_CS  a_AT1  witness_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0N.W_NN1  forensic_JJ  laboratories_NNS  at_IO  Preston_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  attend_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  represented_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lionel_NP  Lightfoot_NP  ,_,  Carlisle_NP  ,_,  appeared_VVD  ,_,  on_IO  remand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  bail_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+50_NNU  each_DD1  was_VBDZ  extended_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Carr_NP  ,_,  Wigton_NP  ,_,  prosecuting_VBG  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  met_VVD  Dixon_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  fair_NN  earlier_RRR  and_CC  went_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  her_PPHO1  down_RP  and_CC  interfered_VVD  with_IO  her_APP$  clothes_NNS  inspite_IO  of_II  her_APP$  struggles_NNS  and_CC  pleas_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fair_NN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  later_RRR  agreed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  home_NN1  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  Silloth_NP  Cafe_NNL1  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  accused_JJ  drew_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  van_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  lift_NN  home_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  refused_VVD  because_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  like_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  .  
    lifted_VBN  into_IO  van_NN    .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  walking_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  the_AT1  van_NN  stopped_VVD  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  lifted_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  shout_VV0  or_CC  struggle_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  van_NN  drove_VVD  off_RP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Carr_NP  alleged_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  three_MC  men_NNS  committed_VVD  offences_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  van_NN  despite_IO  her_APP$  protests_NNS  and_CC  struggles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  Carlisle_NP  and_CC  Cole_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  better_RRR  stay_VV0  at_IO  his_APP$  place_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Carr_NP  alleged_VVD  ,_,  Cole_NP  committed_VVD  two_MC  more_DA  offences_NNS  against_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  and_CC  given_VBN  7/6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  her_APP$  fare_NN  home_NN1  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  three_MC  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  they_PPHS2  all_DB  denied_VVD  the_AT1  offence_NN  .  
    but_CCB    added_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Carr_NP  ,_,    evidence_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  which_DDQ  corroborates_VBZ  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  account_NN  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Robert_NP  \0M_NP  Yule_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Silloth_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  evidence_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  examined_VVD  the_AT1  girl_NN  on_IO  July_NN1  9_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  examination_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  compatible_JJ  with_IO  rape_NN  .  
  reported_VBN  missing_JJ  .  
  Constable_NNSB1  James_NP  Armstrong_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  missing_JJ  by_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  at_IO  1_MC1  \0a.m_RR  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  July_NN1  9_MC  .  
  a_AT1  search_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  found_VBN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  walking_VBG  towards_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  having_VHG  come_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  train_NN  from_IO  Carlisle_NP  .  
  interviewed_VBN  ,_,  Dixon_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  statement_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  in_RP  as_IO  evidence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Constable_NNSB1  alleged_VVD  that_CS  Cole_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  clear_JJ  conscience_NN  .  
  Constable_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Lowther_NP  alleged_VVD  that_CS  Earl_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  touched_VBN  the_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fair_NN  in_IO  Silloth_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Saturday_NN1  night_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  pal_NN    Lol_NP    (_(  Dixon_NP  )_)  picked_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  them_PPHO1  to_IO  Carlisle_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  van_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  stopped_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  cafe_NN  and_CC    Collo_NP    (_(  Cole_NP  )_)  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  and_CC  some_DD  biscuits_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  (_(  Earl_NP  )_)  offered_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  back_RP  to_IO  Silloth_NP  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  home_NN1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  with_IO    Collo_NP    .  
  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  1_MC1  \0p.m_RR  train_VV0  for_IO  Silloth_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Constable_NNSB1  added_VVD  that_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  cautioned_VVD  and_CC  charged_VVD  Earl_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  offence_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  used_VVD  barn_NN  as_IO  playground_NN  ,_,  youths_NNS  fined_VBN  .  
  five_MC  youths_NNS  who_PNQS made_VVD  a_AT1  Sunday_NN1  night_NN  playground_NN  of_IO  farmer_NN  Anthony_NP  Dalzell_NP  Spedding's_PPIO2  barn_NN  at_IO  Mill_NNL1  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Cleator_NP  Moor_NNL1  ,_,  were_VBDR  severely_RR  punished_VBN  by_IO  Whitehaven_NP  bench_NN  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  .  
  in_IO  fines_NNS  ,_,  restitution_NN  and_CC  special_JJ  costs_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  each_DD1  ordered_VVD  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  *+5_NNU  7_MC  \0s_NNU  2_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  told_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  chairman_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0Jos_NP  \0D_NP  Miller_NP  ,_,  
    you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  respect_NN  for_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  property_NN  .  
  you_PPY  had_VHD  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  trespassing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  damage_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  matter_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  farmer_NN  .    
  William_NP  Dobson_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  18_MC  ;_;  Dennis_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  17_MC  )_)  ,_,  of_IO  Devon_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Hensingham_NP  and_CC  three_MC  sixteen-year-olds_NNS  denied_VVD  doing_VBG  wilful_JJ  damage_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  hay_NN  mew_NN  ,_,  estimated_VBN  at_IO  *+10_NNU  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Spedding_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  that_CS  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  night_NN  ,_,  July_NN1  2_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  were_VBDR  returning_VBG  home_NN1  from_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  friends_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  disturbance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  catch_VV0  the_AT1  culprits_NNS  .  
    three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  young_JJ  men_NNS  rushed_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  away_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  found_VBN  in_IO  barn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  Sunday_NN1  night_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  similar_JJ  incident_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  telephoned_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Spedding_NP  ,_,    and_CC  when_CS \0P.C_NNSB1  Vallance_NP  arrived_VVD  we_PPIS2  entered_VVD  the_AT1  barn_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  these_DD2  lads_NNS  there_RL  .  
  about_RR  30_MC  or_CC  40_MC  bales_NNS  of_IO  hay_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  pulled_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  hay_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  rebaled_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  took_VVD  my_APP$  son_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  all_DB  day_NN  on_IO  Monday_NN1  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  in_IO  order_NN  again_RR  .    
  \0P.C_NNSB1  Joseph_NP  Vallance_NP  stated_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  five_MC  were_VBDR  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  mew_NN    jumping_VBG  about_RP    and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  hay_NN  was_VBDZ  loose_JJ  and_CC  trampled_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  defendants_NNS  told_VVD  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  
    we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  just_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  laal_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  fun_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  do_VD0  all_DB  that_DD1  damage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  wife_NN  said_VVD  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  done_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  boys_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  pulled_VBN  down_RP  dykes_NNS  before_II  .    
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  four_MC  gave_VVD  evidence_NN  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  their_APP$    not_XX  guilty_JJ    plea_NN  .  
  Cleator_NP  Moor_NNL1  wants_VBZ  a_AT1  swimming_NN  bath_NN  .  
  Cleator_NP  Moor's_NNL1  claims_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  swimming_NN  bath_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Ennerdale_NP  rural_JJ  district_NN  were_VBDR  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  \0Coun_NNSB1  John_NP  Collighan_NP  at_IO  Monday_NN1  night's_NN1$  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  council_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  central_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  Frizington_NP  ,_,  Arlecdon_NP  and_CC  southern_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  referring_VBG  to_IO  Egremont_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  baths_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  there_EX  to_TO  be_VB0  any_DD  feeling_NN  of_IO  jealousy_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  towns_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  .    
  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0S_NP  Bessey_NP  ,_,  Cumberland_NP  director_NN  of_IO  education_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  county_NN  youth_NN  committee_NN  could_VM  not_XX  support_VV0  Cleator_NP  Moor's_NNL1  claim_NN  but_CCB  wished_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  of_IO  developments_NNS  .  
  remarked_VVD  Councillor_NNSB1  Collighan_NP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  we_PPIS2  will_VM  get_VV0  no_AT1  help_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  council_NN  ,_,  except_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  side_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  get_VV0  help_NN  from_IO  Ennerdale_NP  \0R.D.C_NP  ,_,  if_CS  that_DD1  council_NN  agreed_VVD  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  swimming_NN  bath_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  area_NN  .  
  in_IO  old_JJ  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clerk_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ian_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  recalled_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  covered_JJ  market_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  suitable_JJ  .  
  proceeds_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  pending_JJ  sale_NN  of_IO  Bowthorn_NP  recreation_NN  ground_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  devoted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  baths_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  to_TO  forward_VV0  the_AT1  suggestions_NNS  to_IO  Ennerdale_NP  \0R.D.C_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  \0R.D.C_NP  to_TO  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  by-law_NN  prohibiting_VBG  parking_NN  on_IO  Cleator_NP  Moor_NNL1  Market_NNL1  Square_NNL1  .  
  \0Coun_NNSB1  Collighan_NP  said_VVD  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  an_AT1  improvement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  buses_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  parking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  library_NN  .  
  broke_VVD  windows_NNS    for_IO  daftness_NN    .  
  the_AT1  quarter-inch_JB  thick_JJ  plate_NN  glass_NN  window_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  confectioner's_NN1$  shop_NN  in_IO  Whitehaven_NP  Market_NNL1  Place_NNL1  was_VBDZ  shattered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  blow_NN  from_IO  24-years-old_JB  Edward_NP  Orr_NP  ,_,  3_MC  ,_,  Cart_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Ginns_NP  ,_,  late_RR  on_IO  Monday_NN1  night_NN    the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  annual_JJ  holiday_NN  from_IO  work_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  crash_NN  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  by_IO  young_JJ  \0P.C_NNSB1  Fallowfield_NP  ,_,  walking_VBG  home_NN1  in_IO  civilian_JJ  clothes_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Supt_NNSB1  Edward_NP  \0F_NP  Nixon_NP  in_IO  Whitehaven_NP  magistrates'_NN2  court_NN  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  when_CS Orr_NP  pleaded_VVD    guilty_JJ    to_IO  the_AT1  damage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  being_VBG  drunk_JJ  and_CC  disorderly_JJ  .  
  with_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  William_NP  John_NP  James_NP  Cavanagh_NP  (_(  26_MC  )_)  of_IO  41_MC  ,_,  Fell_NP  View_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Woodhouse_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS admitted_VVD  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  .  
  \0P.C_NNSB1  Fallowfield_NP  showed_VVD  the_AT1  men_NNS  his_APP$  warrant_NN  card_NN  ,_,  continued_VVD  \0Supt_NNSB1  Nixon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  questioned_VVD  them_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  incident_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  became_VVD    difficult_JJ  ,_,    refused_VVD  their_APP$  names_NNS  and_CC  addresses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  passing_JJ  motorist_NN  was_VBDZ  requested_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  assistance_NN  for_IO  Constable_NNSB1  Fallowfield_NP  .  
  \0P.C_NNSB1  Benn_NP  joined_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  Orr_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  aggressive_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  arrested_VBN  .  
  Cavanagh_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  interfere_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  before_CS  Orr_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  violent_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  it_PPH1  for_IO  daftness_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  a_AT1  thing_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    Orr_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  referring_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  broken_JJ  window_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  fines_NNS  and_CC  damages_NNS  amounting_VBG  to_IO  *+15_NNU  and_CC  Cavanagh_NP  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  *+2_NNU  for_IO  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  .  
  new_JJ  minister_NN  for_IO  Wigton_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Ferdinand_NP  Arnold_NP  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  at_IO  present_NN  congregational_JJ  minister_NN  at_IO  Tillingham_NP  and_CC  Steeple_NP  ,_,  Essex_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  as_IO  new_JJ  minister_NN  to_IO  Wigton_NP  congregational_JJ  Church_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  takes_VBZ  over_RP  his_APP$  new_JJ  living_NN  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  \0Nov_NN1  5th_MD  .  
  before_IO  training_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  at_IO  Edinburgh_NP  University_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  united_JJ  independent_JJ  College_NNL1  ,_,  Bradford_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  70_MC  ,_,  spent_VVD  nine_MC  years_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  Hull_NP  firm_NN  of_IO  chartered_JJ  accountants_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  minister_NN  to_IO  nine_MC  churches_NNS  having_VHG  been_VBN  called_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  church_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nicholson_NP  was_VBDZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cornwall_NP  congregational_JJ  union_NN  1943-44_MC-MC  ,_,  youth_NN  and_CC  education_NN  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cornwall_NP  congregational_JJ  union_NN  from_IO  1938_MC  to_IO  1946_MC  ,_,  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  congregational_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  from_IO  1943_MC  to_IO  1947_MC  ,_,  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  Church_NNL1  federal_JJ  council_NN  at_IO  Looe_NP  ,_,  Cornwall_NP  from_IO  1939_MC  to_IO  1945_MC  and_CC  at_IO  Deal_NP  from_IO  1947_MC  to_IO  1948_MC  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Maldon_NP  and_CC  Dirk_NP  free_JJ  Church_NNL1  council_NN  .  
  in_IO  freemasonry_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  provincial_JJ  grand_JJ  Chaplain_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  Suffolk_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  past_JB  provincial_JJ  grand_JJ  Chaplain_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  Cornwall_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nicholson_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  widower_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  on_IO  August_NN1  14_MC  in_IO  Workington_NP  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Laurie_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  elder_JJ  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Captain_NNSB1  John_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  harbour_NN  master_NN  at_IO  Workington_NP  .  
  Boltongate_NP  garden_NN  fete_NN  .  
  the_AT1  annual_JJ  garden_NN  fete_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  aid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Boltongate_NP  Church_NNL1  funds_NNS  last_DA  Saturday_NN1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  a_AT1  big_JJ  success_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  brought_VVD  in_RP  *+178_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Quarry_NNL1  Hill_NNL1  by_IO  permission_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0E_NP  Shaw_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fete_NN  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0M_NP  Peat_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Silloth_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Shaw_NP  and_CC  thanked_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Brame_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Grindley_NP  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  presented_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  flowering_JJ  plant_NN  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Brenda_NP  Messenger_NP  .  
  buttonholes_NNS  were_VBDR  presented_VBN  to_IO  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  by_IO  Jean_NP  Armstrong_NP  ,_,  Gillian_NP  Robinson_NP  ,_,  Christine_NP  Moore_NP  ,_,  Hazel_NP  Carruthers_NP  ,_,  Sylvia_NP  Temple_NP  ,_,  Anne_NP  Tudhope_NP  and_CC  Audrey_NP  Armstrong_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fancy_JJ  dress_NN  carnival_NN  comprised_VVD  three_MC  classes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prettiest_JJT  ,_,  comic_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  original_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  drew_VVD  18_MC  competitors_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  judged_VBN  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Peat_NP  .  
  the_AT1  goods_NNS  on_IO  various_JJ  well_RR  filled_JJ  stalls_NNS  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  quickly_RR  ,_,  teas_NNS  were_VBDR  provided_VBN  and_CC  children's_NN2  sports_NNS  followed_VVD  .  
  holding_VBG  on_RP  .  
  painter_NN  Joe_NP  Jackson_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  41_MC  ,_,  rode_VVD  a_AT1  pedal_NN  cycle_NN  up_IO  Egremont_NP  main_JB  street_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  small_JJ  son_NN    clinging_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  and_CC  holding_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  ,_,    Whitehaven_NP  bench_NN  heard_VVD  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  .  
  when_CS \0Sergt_NNSB1  Holdsworth_NP  stopped_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  reported_VBN  Jackson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  at_IO  9_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Crescent_NNL1  ,_,  Smithfield_NP  ,_,  replied_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  got_VBN  it_PPH1  in_RP  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  Jackson_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  court_NN  when_CS fined_VBN  *+1_NNU  for_IO  being_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  two_MC  persons_NNS  carried_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  pedal_NN  cycle_NN  not_XX  adapted_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  .  
  curious_JJ  visitors_NNS  to_IO  Frizington_NP  main_JB  street_NN  on_IO  July_NN1  11_MC  were_VBDR  seven_MC  cows_NNS  ,_,  subsequently_RR  claimed_VBN  by_IO  farmer_NN  Mossop_NP  Irving_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Steele_NP  Bank_NNL1  .  
    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  repair_VV0  the_AT1  fences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  where_CS the_AT1  cattle_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  grazing_VBG  because_CS  an_AT1  accident_NN  had_VHD  disabled_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Inspector_NNSB1  Tom_NP  Gresham_NP  in_IO  Whitehaven_NP  magistrates_NNS  court_NN  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  when_CS Mossop_NP  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  30_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  allowing_VBG  the_AT1  animals_NNS  to_TO  stray_VV0  .  
  local_JJ  weddings_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  congregation_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Joseph's_PPIO2  Church_NNL1  ,_,  Cockermouth_NP  ,_,  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  witness_VV0  the_AT1  wedding_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Brigid_NP  Elizabeth_NP  Ball_NP  ,_,  daughter_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Ball_NP  ,_,  of_IO  41_MC  ,_,  Sullart_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  Cockermouth_NP  ,_,  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Derek_NP  Cameron_NP  ,_,  son_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Cameron_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Townscroft_NP  ,_,  Dearham_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Father_NNSB1  Tootall_NP  officiated_VVD  .  
  given_VBN  in_IO  marriage_NN  by_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bride_NN  wore_VVD  a_AT1  gown_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  lace_NN  over_IO  taffeta_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  waist-length_JB  veil_NN  and_CC  coronet_NN  and_CC  carried_VVD  a_AT1  bouquet_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  roses_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  four_MC  bridesmaids_NNS  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Freda_NP  Cameron_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Mary_NP  McKenzie_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Eleanor_NP  Waling_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  Ball_NP  .  
  two_MC  were_VBDR  in_IO  lavender_NN  and_CC  two_MC  in_IO  blue_JJ  flock_NN  nylon_NN  over_IO  taffeta_NN  .  
  all_DB  carried_VVD  prayer_NN  books_NNS  and_CC  flower_NN  sprays_NNS  .  *+16_NNU  1/2_MC  million_MC  estimates_NNS  for_IO  education_NN  .  
  Cheshire_NP  make_VV0  provision_NN  for_IO  increased_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  financial_JJ  year_NN  Cheshire_NP  education_NN  committee_NN  proposes_VBZ  to_TO  spend_VV0  *+16,499,935_NNU  ,_,  an_AT1  estimate_NN  which_DDQ  represents_VBZ  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  *+1,265,710_NNU  over_IO  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  figure_NN  for_IO  1960_MC  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  income_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  *+1,459,020_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  the_AT1  expenditure_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  from_IO  rates_NNS  and_CC  taxes_NNS  .  
  commenting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  proposal_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0G_NP  Kellett_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  county_NN  director_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  formulating_VBG  the_AT1  estimates_NNS  for_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  committee_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  make_VV0  provision_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  maintaining_VBG  and_CC  improving_VBG  the_AT1  standards_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  568_MC  schools_NNS  and_CC  colleges_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  in_IO  primary_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  students_NNS  undertaking_VBG  further_JB  education_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  schools_NNS  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  79,720_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  number_NN  next_DA  year_NN  is_VBZ  80,755_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  1,035_MC  .  
  this_DD1  increase_NN  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  county's_NN1$  population_NN  and_CC  also_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  continual_JJ  migration_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  .  
  Cheshire_NP  is_VBZ  attractive_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  residence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  industry_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  and_CC  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  areas_NNS  means_VBZ  an_AT1  ever-increasing_JJ  influx_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  population_NN  .  
  added_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  total_JJ  population_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  by_IO  overspill_NN  developments_NNS  .  
  smaller_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  population_NN  in_IO  Cheshire_NP  ,_,  considerable_JJ  progress_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  additional_JJ  classrooms_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  over-sized_JJ  classes_NNS  (_(  \0i.e_RR  classes_NNS  with_IO  over_RR  40_MC  on_IO  roll_NN  )_)  .  
  whereas_CS  in_IO  1957_MC  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  such_DA  classes_NNS  was_VBDZ  32.9_MC  ,_,  at_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  percentage_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  reduced_VBN  to_IO  23.6_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  figure_NN  of_IO  any_DD  year_NN  since_IO  1949_MC  and_CC  compares_VBZ  favourably_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1953_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  over-sized_JJ  classes_NNS  was_VBDZ  43.2_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  noteworthy_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  classes_NNS  with_IO  between_IO  30_MC  and_CC  40_MC  on_IO  roll_NN  rises_VBZ  steadily_RR  and_CC  now_RL  comprises_VBZ  38.0_MC  of_IO  all_DB  primary_JJ  school_NN  classes_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  continued_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  classes_NNS  with_IO  under_RR  30_MC  on_IO  roll_NN  .  
  in_IO  1953_MC  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  27.7_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  present_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  38.4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  classes_NNS  with_IO  under_RR  40_MC  on_IO  roll_NN  grew_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  56.8_MC  in_IO  1953_MC  to_IO  76.4_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  more_DA  at_IO  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupils_NNS  will_VM  increase_VV0  from_IO  20,163_MC  at_IO  present_NN  to_IO  21,482_MC  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  increase_NN  is_VBZ  1,319_MC  pupils_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  two_MC  new_JJ  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  at_IO  over_RR  600_MC  pupils_NNS  each_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  will_VM  remain_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  approximately_RR  33,000_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  partly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1    bulge_NN    which_DDQ  continues_VBZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  migration_NN  of_IO  population_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  staying_VBG  at_IO  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  beyond_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  school-leaving_NN  age_NN  and_CC  in_IO  sixth-forms_NNS  at_IO  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  achievement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  when_CS the_AT1  county_NN  is_VBZ  faced_VBN  with_IO  such_DA  large_JJ  increases_NNS  of_IO  primary_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  replacement_NN  of_IO  all-age_JB  schools_NNS  by_IO  new_JJ  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  build_VV0  new_JJ  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  appropriate_JJ  secondary_JJ  education_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  for_IO  all_DB  pupils_NNS  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  ability_NN  and_CC  aptitude_NN  .  
  this_DD1  in_IO  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  noteworthy_JJ  achievement_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  county_NN  with_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  conditions_NNS    rural_JJ  and_CC  urban_JJ  ,_,  agricultural_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  residential_JJ  .  
  also_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  grammar_NN  and_CC  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  good_JJ  progress_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  improvement_NN  of_IO  facilities_NNS  in_IO  existing_JJ  grammar_NN  and_CC  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  .  
  in_IO  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  provision_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN  for_IO  new_JJ  and_CC  improved_JJ  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  major_JJ  extensions_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  in_IO  course_NN  of_IO  construction_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Carlett_NP  Park_NNL1  (_(  Eastham_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  mid-Cheshire_NP  (_(  Hartford_NP  )_)  central_JJ  Colleges_NPLS  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  *+465,000_NNU  and_CC  *+300,000_NNU  respectively_RR  .  
  extensions_NNS  .  
  work_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_TO  begin_VV0  in_IO  February_NN1  on_IO  a_AT1  *+260,000_NNU  extension_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  Cheshire_NP  College_NNL1  at_IO  Sale_NP  .  
  planning_NN  permission_NN  has_VHZ  just_RR  been_VBN  received_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  College_NNL1  at_IO  Hyde_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  *+398,500_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  College_NNL1  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  at_IO  Crewe_NP  costing_VBG  *+600,000_NNU  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  built_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Cheshire_NP  authority_NN  in_IO  1961/62_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  steady_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  at_IO  universities_NNS  and_CC  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  five_MC  years_NNS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  attending_VBG  Cheshire_NP  technical_JJ  Colleges_NPLS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  increase_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  enlarged_JJ  colleges_NNS  come_VV0  to_IO  completion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  county_NN  education_NN  committee_NN  is_VBZ  making_VBG  grants_NNS  to_IO  1,565_MC  university_NN  students_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  anticipated_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  approximately_RR  50_MC  additional_JJ  students_NNS  receiving_VBG  grants_NNS  in_IO  1961/62_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  increased_JJ  grants_NNS  to_IO  students_NNS  and_CC  increased_JJ  fees_NNS  at_IO  colleges_NNS  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  outside_IO  Cheshire_NP  which_DDQ  some_DD  county_NN  students_NNS  attend_VV0  .  
  in_IO  total_JJ  some_DD  2,940_MC  students_NNS  are_VBR  receiving_VBG  financial_JJ  aid_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  training_NN  in_IO  Universities_NPLS  ,_,  teachers'_NN2  training_NN  Colleges_NPLS  ,_,  technical_JJ  Colleges_NPLS  and_CC  Schools_NPLS  of_IO  art_NN  and_CC  music_NN  .  
  in_IO  conclusion_NN  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  net_JB  rate_NN  and_CC  grant-borne_JJ  expenditure_NN  per_IO  thousand_MC  population_NN  ,_,  Cheshire's_PPIO2  expenditure_NN  for_IO  all_DB  branches_NNS  of_IO  education_NN  service_NN  (_(  including_IO  primary_JJ  ,_,  secondary_JJ  and_CC  special_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  teachers_NNS  ,_,  medical_JJ  inspection_NN  and_CC  treatment_NN  ,_,  provision_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  and_CC  meals_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  transport_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  and_CC  agricultural_JJ  education_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  *+12,893_NNU  as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  the_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  all_DB  counties_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  of_IO  *+13,220_NNU  .  
  A-I_JB  theme_NN  for_IO  Royalty_NP  play_NN  .  
    forbidden_JJ  flesh_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  controversial_JJ  play_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Royalty_NP  Theatre_NNL1  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  by_IO  punch-packing_JB  author_NN  Eugene_NP  Hamilton_NP  .  
  his_APP$  previous_JJ  play_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  girl_NN  called_VBN  Sadie_NP  ,_,    packed_VVD  the_AT1  Royalty_NP  on_IO  visits_NNS  by_IO  two_MC  different_JJ  touring_NN  companies_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  new_JJ  play_NN  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  artificial_JJ  insemination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  raises_VBZ  the_AT1  query_NN  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  a_AT1  father_NN  will_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  towards_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  obtained_VBN  by_IO  these_DD2  means_NNS  as_CS  to_IO  one_MC1  normally_RR  conceived_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  leading_JJ  character_NN  finds_VBZ  himself_PPX1  about_RP  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  father_NN  to_IO  two_MC  different_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  through_IO  artificial_JJ  insemination_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wife_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  tie_VV0  him_PPHO1  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  secure_JJ  suburban_JJ  marriage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  Eily_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  wild_JJ  Irish_JJ  girl_NN  played_VBN  with_IO  flashing_JJ  eyes_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  tongue_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  whip-lash_NN  by_IO  dark-haired_JJ  Sarah_NP  Travis_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  herself_PPX1  Irish_JJ  .  
  two_MC  points_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  Cestrians_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  is_VBZ  set_VBN  in_IO  Liverpool_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  quarter_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  first_RR  performed_VBN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  invited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  premiere_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  national_JJ  news_NN  headlines_NNS  by_IO  refusing_VBG  to_TO  allow_VV0  his_APP$  18-years-old_JB  daughter_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  has_VHZ  since_II  been_VBN  banned_VBN  in_IO  Eire_NP  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  outspoken_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  capacity_NN  business_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  principal_JB  cities_NNS  and_CC  towns_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  with_IO  large_JJ  Irish_JJ  populations_NNS  .  
  at_IO  Chester_NP  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  presented_VBN  for_IO  adults_NNS  only_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  Jones's_NP2  in_IO  Sweden's_PPIO2  Thingwall_NP  .  
    news_NN  and_CC  advertiser_NN    reader_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Arnold_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS received_VVD  his_APP$    news_NN  and_CC  advertiser_NN      spirit_NN  of_IO  Wirral_NP    calendar_NN  in_IO  Karlstad_NP  ,_,  Sweden_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  written_VBN  this_DD1  article_NN  .  
  turning_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1    spirit_NN  of_IO  Wirral_NP    calendar_NN  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  February_NN1  picture_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  Thingwall_NP  whose_PNQV$  Viking_JJ  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Tingralla_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  snowbound_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  writing_VBG  this_DD1  from_IO  another_DD1  place_NN  once_RR  named_VBN  Tingralla_NP    there_EX  are_VBR  others_DA2  in_IO  Europe_NP    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  snowbound_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  the_AT1  comparison_NN  stops_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  1584_MC  King_NNSB1  Charles_NP  the_AT1  ninth_MD  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  charter_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  borough_NN  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  changed_VVD  its_APP$  name_NN  to_IO  Karlstad_NP  (_(  Charlestown_NP  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  became_VVD  the_AT1  seat_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bishop_NN  .  
  like_CS  many_DA  other_DA  Swedish_JJ  towns_NNS  of_IO  wooden_JJ  buildings_NNS  huddled_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  burnt_VBN  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  since_II  been_VBN  re-planned_VBN  with_IO  wide_JJ  streets_NNS  and_CC  boulevards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  fire-resisting_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  important_JJ  industries_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  forests_NNS  (_(  timber_NN  ,_,  pulp_NN  and_CC  paper_NN  )_)  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  celebrated_JJ  centre_NN  for_IO  engineering_NN  .  
  seaborne_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  excepting_IO  for_II  about_RR  two_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  commencing_VBG  about_RR  now_RL  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  seaborne_JJ  trade_NN  through_IO  Lake_NNL1  Varen_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Trollhattan_NP  Canal_NNL1  .  
  ice_NN  put_VVD  a_AT1  stop_NN  to_IO  navigation_NN  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  traffic_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  routed_VBN  by_IO  rail_NN  or_CC  road_NN  to_IO  and_CC  from_IO  ice-free_JJ  ports_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Gottenburg_NP  ,_,  until_IO  the_AT1  oncoming_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  .  
  although_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  papers_NNS  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  towns_NNS  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  forty_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  Karlstad_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  40,000_MC  ,_,  supports_VBZ  two_MC  morning_NN  daily_JJ  papers_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  conservative_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  socialist_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  solely_RR    provincial_JJ    .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  yesterday's_NP1  conservative_JJ  paper_NN  discusses_VBZ  in_IO  its_APP$  leading_JJ  article_NN  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  on_IO  Swedish_JJ  agriculture_NN  ,_,  mentioning_VBG  several_DA  times_NNS  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Woolley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Cheshire_NP  farmer_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  now_RL  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  farmers'_NN2  union_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  advertising_NN  columns_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  ago_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA    acknowledgements_NNS    under_IO  which_DDQ  one-inch_JB  single_JJ  column_NN  entries_NNS  were_VBDR  inserted_VBN  by_IO  individual_JJ  postmen_NNS  and_CC  lorry_NN  drivers_NNS  collecting_VBG  milk_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  creameries_NNS  thanking_VBG  publicly_RR  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  given_VBN  them_PPHO1  Christmas_NP  boxes_NNS  .  
  dog_NN  taxes_NNS  became_VVD  due_JJ  on_IO  January_NN1  1st_MD  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  is_VBZ  fixed_VBN  by_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  varies_VBZ  from_IO  place_NN  to_IO  place_NN  .  
  hereabouts_RR  the_AT1  standard_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  equal_NN  of_IO  55_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  dog_NN  over_RR  three_MC  months_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  official_JJ  advertisements_NNS  remind_VV0  dog-owners_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  charge_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  doubled_VBN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  met_VBN  by_IO  January_NN1  31st_MD  .  
  other_DA  authorities_NNS  offer_VV0  rewards_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  extermination_NN  of_IO  pests_NNS    27_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  fox_NN  and_CC  55_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  mink_NN  .  
  these_DD2  animals_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  destructive_JJ  to_IO  poultry_NN  .  
  escapees_NNS  from_IO  fur_NN  farms_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  find_VV0  abundant_JJ  shelter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  forests_NNS  .  
  refuse_NN  in_IO  bags_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  mystery_NN  about_IO  council_NN  ,_,  health_NN  ,_,  water_NN  ,_,  fishery_NN  or_CC  other_DA  authorities'_NN2  proceedings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  agenda_NN  for_IO  forthcoming_JJ  meetings_NNS  appear_VV0  as_IO  paid_JJ  advertisements_NNS  .  
  yesterday_NN1  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  local_JJ  town_NN  gave_VVD  notice_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  six-inch_JB  column_NN  advertisement_NN  that_CS  household_NN  rubbish_NN  must_VM  in_IO  future_NN  be_VB0  put_VBN  into_IO  paper_NN  bags_NNS  before_IO  being_VBG  put_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  garbage_NN  bins_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  claimed_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  summer_NN  this_DD1  would_VM  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  stench_NN  of_IO  decaying_JJ  matter_NN  and_CC  in_IO  winter_NN  would_VM  lighten_VV0  and_CC  speed_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  dustmen_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  dig_VV0  frozen_JJ  refuse_NN  from_IO  inside_IO  the_AT1  bins_NNS  .  
  in_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  town_NN  the_AT1  collected_JJ  refuse_NN  is_VBZ  burnt_VBN  under_IO  boilers_NNS  which_DDQ  supply_VV0  hot_JJ  water_NN  to_IO  houses_NNS  ,_,  thus_RR  cutting_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  individual_JJ  heating_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  tax_NN  registers_NNS  .  
  folk_NNS  interested_JJ  in_IO  public_JJ  affairs_NNS  can_VM  learn_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  in_IO  Sweden_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  even_RR  learn_VV0  that_CS  newsagents_NNS  and_CC  booksellers_NNS  sell_VV0  annuals_NNS  (_(  called_VBN  taxation_NN  registers_NNS  )_)  wherein_CS everybody's_PN$  assessable_JJ  income_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  for_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  to_TO  know_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  keeping_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  Jones's_NP2  .  
  in_IO  Sweden_NP  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  look_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  taxation_NN  register_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  keeping_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  Svenssons_NP2  (_(  Swedish_JJ  Jones's_NP2  )_)  .  
  from_IO  Dee_NP  to_IO  Dublin_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  history_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Wirral's_PPIO2  Deeside_NP  villages_NNS  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  ports_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  trade_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  locally_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  rival_NN  was_VBDZ  Holyhead_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  many_DA  travellers_NNS  preferred_VVD  the_AT1  longer_JJ  sea_NN  voyage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  difficult_JJ  travel_NN  in_IO  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  Anglesey_NP  port_NN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Chester_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  established_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estuary_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  river_NN  silted_VVD  the_AT1  Wirral_NP  villages_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  as_IO  ports_NNS  instead_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  estuary_NN  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  gained_VBN  any_DD  commerce_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  haven_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  ships_NNS  to_TO  shelter_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  Dee_NP  shore_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peninsula_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  an_AT1  inhospitable_JJ  place_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  possibly_RR  be_VB0  .  
  shelter_NN  from_IO  westerly_JJ  winds_NNS  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  non-existent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  worst_JJT  fault_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  shipping_NN  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  craft_NNS  could_VM  sail_VV0  down_IO  the_AT1  channel_NN  and_CC  so_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  sea_NN  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  wind_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  easterly_JJ  quarter_NN  .  
  editorial_NN  .  
  dilemma_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  after_IO  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  speaks_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  revulsion_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  government's_NN1$  policy_NN  of_IO  apartheid_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  curtain_NN  to_TO  rise_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  will_VV0  it_PPH1  end_VV0  with_IO  South_NP  Africa's_PPIO2  exclusion_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  issue_NN  is_VBZ  touch_NN  and_CC  go_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  settled_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  conference_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  agreed_VBN  to_TO  wait_VV0  until_CS  South_NP  Africa_NP  actually_RR  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  republic_NN  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  a_AT1  final_JJ  decision_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  faced_VBN  now_RL  ,_,  on_IO  which_WDTI  side_NN  do_VD0  the_AT1  strongest_JJT  arguments_NNS  lie_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  mistake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Capetown_NP  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  clear-cut_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  courageous_JJ  fighter_NN  against_IO  apartheid_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  with_IO  attention_NN  .  
  on_IO  purely_RR  practical_JJ  grounds_NNS  he_PPHO1  holds_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  expel_VV0  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  weakening_VBG  the_AT1  whites_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  working_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  against_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  holds_VBZ  that_CS  more_DA  pressure_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  on_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  while_CS  she_PPHO1  remains_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  than_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  exercised_VBN  were_VBDR  she_PPHO1  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS favour_VV0  expulsion_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  African_JJ  leaders_NNS  ,_,  feel_VV0  that_CS  nothing_PN1  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  expulsion_NN  will_VM  weaken_VV0  the_AT1  grip_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  nationalists_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  refuses_VBZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  abandoning_VBG  the_AT1  apartheid_NN  policy_NN  .  
  wider_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  multi-racial_JJ  society_NN  .  
  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  countries_NNS  is_VBZ  surely_RR  the_AT1  one_MC1  thing_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  survive_VV0  .  
  whatever_DDQ  statesmen_NNS  say_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  table_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  millions_MC2  at_IO  home_NN1  would_VM  regard_VV0  as_CS  fraudulent_JJ  a_AT1  commonwealth_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  room_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  racist_NN  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  commonwealth_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  five_MC  citizens_NNS  are_VBR  coloured_JJ  for_IO  every_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  white_JJ  .  
  seen_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  wider_JJ  picture_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  South_NP  Africa_NP  that_PNQS clings_VBZ  to_IO  apartheid_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  menace_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  liability_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  western_JJ  world_NN  .  
  a_AT1  practical_JJ  solution_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  to_TO  draft_VV0  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  principles_NNS  excluding_VBG  race_NN  discrimination_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  leave_VV0  South_NP  Africa_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  grade_NN  ,_,  or_CC  go_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  return_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  come_VV0  home_NN1  tonight_NN1  from_IO  their_APP$  tour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  duke's_NN1$  trigger-finger_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ritual_JB  slaughter_NN  of_IO  beasts_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  headlines_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  tour_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  immense_JJ  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  has_VHZ  won_VBN  a_AT1  triumph_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  pleasanter_JJ  if_CS  such_DA  cruel_JJ  and_CC  feudal_JJ  performances_NNS  as_IO  tiger_NN  and_CC  rhino_NN  hunts_NNS  were_VBDR  dropped_VBN  from_IO  future_JB  royal_JJ  programmes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  have_VH0  pleased_VBN  millions_MC2  by_IO  their_APP$  visit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  welcome_NN  in_IO  India_NP  and_CC  Pakistan_NP  are_VBR  happy_JJ  memories_NNS  .  
  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  better_JJ  neighbour_NN  .  
  West_NP  Germany_NP    followed_VBN  yesterday_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_NP2    has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  neighbour_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  put_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  money_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  rise_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  small_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  step_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  live-and-let-live_NN  .  
  hopes_NNS  will_VM  now_RL  grow_VV0  brighter_JJ  of_IO  further_JB  international_JJ  co-operation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  payments_NNS  difficulties_NNS  that_PNQS upset_VV0  the_AT1  western_JJ  world_NN  .  
  Britain_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  problems_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  balances_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  gain_VV0  some_DD  immediate_JJ  help_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  in_IO  practical_JJ  terms_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  our_APP$  exports_NNS  to_IO  Germany_NP  will_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  cheaper_JJ  for_IO  Germans_NP2  to_TO  buy_VV0  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  goods_NNS  which_DDQ  Germany_NP  exports_VBZ  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  dearer_JJ  .  
  unpopular_JJ  .  
  booming_VBG  Germany_NP  is_VBZ  deliberately_RR  encouraging_VBG  more_DA  imports_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  to_TO  curb_VV0  rising_JJ  prices_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  also_RR  aware_JJ  how_CS unpopular_JJ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  growing_VBG  by_IO  failing_VBG  until_IO  now_RL  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  creditor_NN  nation_NN  should_VM  .  
  Germany_NP  exports_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  than_CS  she_PPHO1  imports_VBZ  .  
  for_IO  upwards_RR  of_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  reserves_NNS  of_IO  dollars_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  drained_VBN  into_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  there_RL  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  uselessly_RR  locked_VBN  up_RP  because_CS  Germany_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  trading_VBG  abroad_RR  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  Germany's_PPIO2  trading_NN  position_NN  has_VHZ  attracted_VBN  speculators_NNS  to_TO  hold_VV0  marks_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  pounds_NNS  or_CC  dollars_NNS  ,_,  hoping_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  to_TO  rise_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  now_RL  happened_VBN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  enough_DD  .  
  will_VM  the_AT1  new_JJ  valuation_NN  be_VB0  enough_DD  to_TO  correct_VV0  Germany's_PPIO2  massive_JJ  trading_NN  surplus_NN  and_CC  choke_VV0  off_RP  speculation_NN  against_IO  dollar_NN  and_CC  pound_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  good-neighbour_JB  gesture_NN  ,_,  Germany_NP  takes_VBZ  a_AT1  really_RR  big_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  giving_VBG  aid_NN  to_IO  underdeveloped_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  world_NN  outlook_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  brighter_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  gives_VBZ  rise_NN  to_IO  optimism_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  leading_JJ  western_JJ  nations_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  long_JJ  last_DA  moving_VBG  towards_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  currency_NN  problems_NNS  by_IO  co-operation_NN  .  
  an_AT1  advertisement_NN  .  
  a_AT1  curious_JJ  advertisement_NN  appears_VBZ  on_IO  page_NN  nine_MC  ,_,  paid_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  that_DD1  curious_JJ  body_NN  moral_JJ  re-armament_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS lend_VV0  their_APP$  names_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  advertisement_NN  are_VBR  worthy_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  innocent_JJ  of_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  or_CC  carried_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  moral_JJ  regeneration_NN  would_VM  solve_VV0  all_DB  our_APP$  problems_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  it_PPH1  would_VM  .  
  while_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  millenium_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   would_VM  prefer_VV0  to_TO  put_VV0  our_APP$  hopes_NNS  for_IO  earthly_JJ  justice_NN  in_IO  instruments_NNS  of_IO  democracy_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  trade_NN  unions_NNS  and_CC  our_APP$  local_JJ  and_CC  national_JJ  parliaments_NNS  .  
  should_VM  the_AT1  herald_NN  publish_VV0  such_DA  advertisements_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  question_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  obviously_RR  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  to_TO  refuse_VV0  all_DB  political_JJ  advertisements_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  disagree_VV0  .  
  when_CS an_AT1  advertisement_NN  contains_VBZ  statements_NNS  whose_PNQV$  factual_JJ  truth_NN  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  where_CS the_AT1  total_JJ  content_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  deeply_RR  repugnant_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  readers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  right_JJ  to_TO  exercise_VV0  editorial_JJ  discretion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0MRA_NP  advertisement_NN  falls_VBZ  into_IO  neither_LE  category_NN  ,_,  though_CS  many_DA  readers_NNS  will_VM  dislike_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  publish_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  alert_JJ  readers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  herald_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  beguiled_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  soft-soap_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hard_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  has_VHZ  suffered_VBN  grave_JJ  injury_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  restored_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  force_NN  composed_VBN  of_IO  135_MC  Sudanese_NP2  has_VHZ  been_VBN  disarmed_VBN  and_CC  expelled_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  port_NN  of_IO  Matadi_NP  ,_,  after_IO  being_VBG  heavily_RR  attacked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  stronger_JJ  force_NN  of_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Mobutu's_PPIO2  Congolese_JJ  troops_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  reaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sudanese_JJ  government_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  denounce_VV0  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  for_IO    negligence_NN  and_CC  impotence_NN  ,_,    and_CC  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  400_MC  troops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  home_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  reaction_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Sudan's_PPIO2  concern_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  men_NNS  is_VBZ  natural_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  dignified_JJ  exit_NN  .  
  wrong_JJ  target_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  is_VBZ  blamed_VBN  for_IO  being_VBG  weak_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  logical_JJ  to_TO  send_VV0  in_RP  more_DA  men_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  weaken_VV0  it_PPH1  further_RRR  by_IO  desertion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unjust_JJ  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  buck_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hammarskjold_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0UN's_PPIO2  servants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  rightly_RR  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  undertaken_VBN  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  preserving_VBG  peace_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  ceremonial_JJ  duty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  have_VH0  every_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  blame_VV0  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  see_VV0  it_PPH1  through_RP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  instructed_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hammarskjold_NP  to_TO  use_VV0  force_NN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  civil_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  new_JJ  dangers_NNS  would_VM  arise_VV0  unless_CS  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  physical_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  comply_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  point_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hammarskjold_NP  made_VVD  .  
  India_NP  has_VHZ  responded_VBN  handsomely_RR  by_IO  providing_VBG  3,000_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS must_VM  take_VV0  about_RR  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  forces_NNS  were_VBDR  thick_JJ  enough_RGA  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  such_DA  incidents_NNS  as_IO  that_DD1  at_IO  Matadi_NP  would_VM  not_XX  happen_VV0  .  
  \0U.S_NP  ships_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  \0UN's_PPIO2  ability_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  peace_NN  depends_VBZ  simply_RR  on_IO  adequate_JJ  support_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  set_VBN  their_APP$  hands_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  plough_NN  .  
  the_AT1  big_JJ  powers_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  war_NN  must_VM  of_RR  course_RR  keep_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  were_VBDR  justified_VBN  in_IO  diverting_VBG  naval_JJ  ships_NNS  in_IO  case_NN  non-combatant_JJ  help_NN  was_VBDZ  wanted_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  stressed_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  intention_NN  to_TO  intervene_VV0  in_IO  fighting_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  the_AT1  ships_NNS  turned_VVD  away_RP  again_RR  ,_,  satisfied_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  required_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  re-established_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  port_NN  by_IO  negotiation_NN  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  more_DA  outrages_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  back_RP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hammarskjold_NP  is_VBZ  determined_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  must_VM  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  news_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  agreement_NN  between_IO  its_APP$  rival_JJ  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  patient_JJ  efforts_NNS  of_IO  \0UN_NP  conciliators_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  meeting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Malagasy_NP  (_(  formerly_RR  Madagascar_NP  )_)  .  
  only_DA  safeguard_NN  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  will_VM  sigh_VV0  with_IO  relief_NN  when_CS this_DD1  strife-torn_JJ  land_NN  gets_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  government_NN  which_DDQ  all_DB  outsiders_NNS  can_VM  recognise_VV0  .  
  nobody_PN1  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  police_VV0  the_AT1  Congo_NP  when_CS the_AT1  Congo_NP  itself_PPX1  can_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  contingents_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  home_NN1  .  
  meanwhile_RR  every_AT1  statesman_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  must_VM  realise_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  far_RR  worse_JJ  consequences_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  abandon_VV0  its_APP$  task_NN  .  
  small_JJ  nations_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  remain_VV0  free_JJ  for_IO  long_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  their_APP$  bulwark_NN  .  
  the_AT1  smile_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  Verwoerd_NP  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  had_VHD  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  close-up_JB  look_NN  at_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hendrik_NP  Verwoerd_NP  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  foremost_JJ  apostle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pernicious_JJ  doctrine_NN  of_IO    racial_JJ  purity_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  strong_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  quite_DA  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  intended_VVD  .  
  for_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  bland_JJ  ,_,  unctuous_JJ  ,_,  impregnably_RR  righteous_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  wreathed_VBN  in_IO  smiles_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  blood_NN  run_VV0  cold_JJ  .  
  some_DD  misguided_JJ  people_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  sneaking_JJ  sympathy_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS defends_VBZ  a_AT1  racial_JJ  policy_NN  on_IO  supposedly_RR  practical_JJ  grounds_NNS  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  argue_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  rationally_RR  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS believes_VBZ  ,_,  like_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  basically_RR  evil_JJ  policy_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  sanction_NN  of_IO  religion_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bulwark_NN  of_IO  Christianity_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  the_AT1  reach_NN  of_IO  reason_NN  .  
  cocooned_VBN  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  man_NN  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  impenetrable_JJ  cocoon_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  regards_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  divine_JJ  mission_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  of_IO  apartheid_NN  as_IO    a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  neighbourliness_NN  .    
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  being_VBG  hypocritical_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  really_RR  believes_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  neighbour_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  Africans_NP2  who_PNQS ,_,  under_IO  apartheid_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  forced_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  tribal_JJ  reserves_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  prospect_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  cramped_JJ  and_CC  primitive_JJ  existence_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  neighbour_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  Africans_NP2  who_PNQS will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  as_IO  hewers_NNS  of_IO  wood_NN  and_CC  drawers_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  without_IO  rights_NNS  and_CC  without_IO  hope_NN  .  
  nightmare_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  neighbour_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  to_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  fleeing_VBG  from_IO  Hitler_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  thirties_MC2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  who_PNQS led_VVD  a_AT1  protest_NN  against_IO  admitting_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  because_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM    defile_VV0    the_AT1  national_JJ  white_JJ  stock_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  contact_NN  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  nightmare_NN  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  illusory_JJ  any_DD  hopes_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  to_TO  change_VV0  course_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Capetown_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Joost_NP  de_&FW  Blank_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  pleaded_VBN  that_CS  South_NP  Africa_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  otherwise_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  those_DD2  inside_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  who_PNQS still_RR  oppose_VV0  apartheid_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  even_RR  more_RG  isolated_VBN  and_CC  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  maintained_VBN  an_AT1  unflinching_JJ  witness_NN  to_IO  what_DDQ  Christianity_NN1  really_RR  means_VBZ  ,_,  must_VM  carry_VV0  weight_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  can_VM  the_AT1  other_DA  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  do_VD0  to_TO  bring_VV0  support_NN  and_CC  comfort_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  gallant_JJ  minority_NN  .  
  expulsion_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  appeasement_NN  has_VHZ  modified_VBN  the_AT1  actions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalists_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  apartheid_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  applied_VBN  ever_RR  more_RG  ruthlessly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  expulsion_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  now_RL  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  left_VBN  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  home_NN1  to_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  that_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  is_VBZ  leading_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  disaster_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  Prime_NNSB1  Ministers_NNSB2  will_VM  decide_VV0  against_IO  this_DD1  final_JJ  step_NN  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  their_APP$  decision_NN  they_PPHS2  should_VM  also_RR  go_VV0  unequivocally_RR  on_IO  record_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  apartheid_NN  as_CS  evil_JJ  and_CC  indefensible_JJ  .  
  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  at_RR  least_RR  that_DD1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  return_VV0  home_NN1  claiming_VBG  a_AT1  triumph_NN  .  
  his_APP$  smile_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  blander_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  routine_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  in_IO  for_IO  it_PPH1  again_RR  :_:  another_DD1  royal_JJ  wedding_NN  .  
  between_IO  now_RL  and_CC  June_NN1  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  will_VM  marry_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Worsley_NP  ,_,  hardly_RR  a_AT1  day_NN  will_VM  pass_VV0  without_IO  a_AT1  story_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  picture_NN  or_CC  probably_RR  both_DB2  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  nuptial_JJ  arrangements_NNS  .  
  men_NNS  readers_NNS  may_VM  grow_VV0  more_RR  than_RR  a_RR  little_RR  weary_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  so_PN1  may_VM  a_DA  few_DA  emancipated_JJ  women_NNS  who_PNQS pride_VV0  themselves_PPX2  on_IO  their_APP$  commonsense_NN  .  
  time_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  talking_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  grim_JJ  oddities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  everyone_PN1  is_VBZ  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  talking_VBG  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  start_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  department_NN  keeps_VBZ  approving_VBG  of_IO    meaningful_JJ  negotiations_NNS    and_CC  so_PN1  even_RR  does_VBZ  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  though_CS  his_APP$  notion_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  talks_NNS  useful_JJ  or_CC  timely_JJ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_RG  restrictive_JJ  than_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  intervals_NNS  of_IO  bandying_VBG  about_RP  threats_NNS  of_IO  annihilation_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  too_RR  sees_VBZ    a_AT1  glimmer_NN  of_IO  hope_NN    for_IO  talks_NNS  ,_,  preferably_RR  on_IO  terms_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  right_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  .  
  yet_RR  hardly_RR  anything_PN1  is_VBZ  done_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  talks_NNS  nearer_RRR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  side_NN  the_AT1  chief_JB  obstacles_NNS  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  stiffening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diplomatic_JJ  joints_NNS  which_DDQ  afflicts_VBZ  everybody_PN1  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  two_MC  :_:  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  election_NN  campaign_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  objections_NNS  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  western_JJ  foreign_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  meet_VV0  in_IO  Washington_NP  tomorrow_NN1  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  nearly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Ministers_NNSB2  to_TO  get_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  earnest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  working_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  common_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  Russia_NP  on_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  setting_VBG  talks_NNS  going_VBG  are_VBR  clear_JJ  enough_RGA  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  talk_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  assembly_NN  which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  should_VM  anyhow_RR  bring_VV0  together_RR  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  of_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Russia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  French_JJ  government_NN  largely_RR  ignores_VBZ  the_AT1    tumultuous_JJ  and_CC  scandalous_JJ    assembly_NN  .  but_CCB  that_DD1  might_VM  give_VV0  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  a_AT1  convenient_JJ  excuse_NN  for_IO  keeping_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  talks_NNS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  still_RR  thought_VVD  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  certain_JJ  is_VBZ  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS advocate_VV0  putting_VBG  off_RP  any_DD  approach_NN  until_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  gives_VBZ  evidence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  heart_NN  (_(  whatever_DDQ  that_DD1  may_VM  mean_VV0  )_)  would_VM  have_VH0  us_PPIO2   run_VV0  risks_NNS  greater_JJ  than_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  ought_VM  to_TO  run_VV0    and_CC  greater_JJ  than_CS  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  most_RG  influential_JJ  advisers_NNS  seem_VV0  disposed_JJ  to_TO  face_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  question_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  put_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  talks_NNS  :_:  and_CC  that_DD1  means_VBZ  working_VBG  out_RP  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  essential_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  in_IO  Berlin_NP  and_CC  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  may_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  after_IO  .  
  the_AT1  west_NN1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  absolutely_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  free_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  are_VBR  vital_JJ  interests_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  retreated_VBN  from_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  question_NN  remains_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  before_II  :_:  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  interested_JJ  chiefly_RR  in_IO  sealing_VBG  off_RP  East_NP  Germany_NP  and_CC  securing_VBG  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  recognition_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  or_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  determined_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  and_CC  free_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  (_(  on_IO  the_AT1  excuse_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  out_RP    revanchists_NNS    and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  )_)  at_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  risk_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  signs_NNS  now_RL  are_VBR  that_CS  Britain_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  at_IO  all_DB  events_NNS  might_VM  well_RR  exchange_VV0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  recognition_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  guarantee_NN  of_IO  access_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  supervised_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  commission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  powers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  Germanies_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  West_NP  Germany_NP  might_VM  well_RR  fall_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  however_CS reluctantly_RR  .  
  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Diefenbaker's_PPIO2  proposal_NN  of_IO  united_JJ  nations_NNS  supervision_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  drawback_NN  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  other_DA  proposed_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  bringing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  presumably_RR  mean_VV0  admitting_VBG  both_DB2  Germanies_NP2  to_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  lot_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  to_TO  swallow_VV0  all_RR  at_RR  once_RR  )_)  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  seems_VBZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  swallow_VV0  up_RP  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  then_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  to_TO  do_VD0  except_CS  stand_VV0  firm_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  where_CS many_DA  people_NNS  see_VV0  with_IO  horror_NN  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  :_:  if_CS  everyone_PN1  stands_VBZ  firm_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  ask_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  the_AT1  next_DA  step_NN  be_VB0  a_AT1  clash_NN  leading_VBG  inexorably_RR  to_IO  mutual_JJ  annihilation_NN  .  
  after_IO  looking_VBG  upon_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  prospect_NN  Bertrand_NP  Russell_NP  has_VHZ  chosen_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  disobedience_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  to_IO  prison_NN  .  
  all_DB  honour_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  acting_VBG  once_RR  again_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  beliefs_NNS  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  those_DD2  who_PNQS differ_VV0  with_IO  his_APP$  analysis_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  necessarily_RR  less_RG  concerned_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  dreadful_JJ  risks_NNS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  run_VV0  .  
  nor_CC  need_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  less_RG  concerned_JJ  than_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Victor_NP  Gollancz_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  page_NN  proposes_VBZ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  should_VM  proclaim_VV0  his_APP$  readiness_NN  to_TO  negotiate_VV0    naked_JJ    and_CC  unconditionally_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  saving_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  why_CS this_DD1  should_VM  move_VV0  our_APP$  allies_NNS  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP    or_CC  indeed_RR  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0    is_VBZ  not_XX  clear_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  choice_NN  lies_VBZ  not_XX  between_IO  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  and_CC  Soviet_NP  domination_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  lies_VBZ  between_IO  the_AT1  constant_JJ  risk_NN  that_PNQS attends_VBZ  the_AT1  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  formidably_RR  armed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  perilous_JJ  self-dissolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  that_PNQS would_VM  come_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  surrender_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  reading_NN  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gollancz_NP  calls_VBZ  manoeuvring_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  call_VV0  cool-headed_JJ  and_CC  inventive_JJ  negotiation_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  means_NN  not_XX  to_IO  destruction_NN  but_CCB  to_IO  safety_NN  .  
  second_MD  revise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  pompous_JJ  little_JJ  statement_NN  on_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  say_VV0  much_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ    that_CS  the_AT1  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  constitution_NN  is_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  revision_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  news_NN  ,_,  however_CS much_RR  the_AT1  government_NN  tries_VBZ  to_TO  disguise_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  revision_NN  would_VM  be_VB0    in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  normal_JJ  practice_NN  .    
  the_AT1  formula_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  revision_NN  ,_,  brought_VBN  about_RP  in_IO  deference_NN  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  ,_,  of_IO  proposals_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  tabled_VVD  in_IO  February_NN1  ;_;    reasonable_JJ  representations_NNS  ,_,    which_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  now_RL  invites_VBZ  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  against_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  many_DA  weeks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  saying_VBG  that_DD1  consideration_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  reasonable_JJ  representations_NNS  is_VBZ  being_VBG  delayed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  violence_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cart_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  horse_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  round_RP  :_:  the_AT1  violence_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  because_CS  the_AT1  reasonable_JJ  representations_NNS  went_VVD  unheeded_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  request_NN  which_DDQ  all_DB  interested_JJ  parties_NNS  (_(  except_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  federal_JJ  )_)  have_VH0  made_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  elected_VBN  under_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod's_PPIO2  system_NN  of_IO  three_MC  blocks_NNS  of_IO  seats_NNS  shall_VM  contain_VV0  a_AT1  representative_JJ  majority_NN  .  
  formula_NN  one_MC1  ,_,  which_DDQ  appeared_VVD  in_IO  February_NN1  ,_,  appeared_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  likely_JJ  ;_;  formula_NN  two_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  appeared_VVD  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  made_VVD  it_PPH1  very_RG  unlikely_JJ  ;_;  if_CS  formula_NN  three_MC  restores_VBZ  the_AT1  original_JJ  principle_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  all_DB  that_PNQS need_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  led_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  this_DD1  principle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  pity_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  responding_VBG  ,_,  not_XX  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda's_PPIO2  reasonable_JJ  representations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  the_AT1  violence_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  prevent_VV0  .  
  programme_NN  for_IO  Katanga_NP  .  
  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  bad_JJ  press_NN  before_CS  reports_NNS  were_VBDR  received_VBN  yesterday_NN1  of_IO  alleged_JJ  indiscipline_NN  by_IO  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  troops_NNS  in_IO  Elisabethville_NP  .  
  a_AT1  full_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  incidents_NNS  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  be_VB0  demanded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  assembly_NN  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  feeling_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  wanted_VVD  to_TO  clean_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  Congo_NP  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  started_VBN  with_IO  stables_NNS  more_RG  Augean_JJ  than_IO  \0M_NP  Tshombe's_PPIO2  .  
  but_CCB  Katanga_NP  has_VHZ  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  been_VBN  represented_VBN    not_XX  altogether_RR  falsely_RR    as_IO  a_AT1  secure_JJ  and_CC  industrious_JJ  little_JJ  state_NN  beset_VBN  by_IO  wild_JJ  and_CC  envious_JJ  politicians_NNS  that_CS  its_APP$  less_RG  agreeable_JJ  side_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  overlooked_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  equally_RR  be_VB0  seen_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  alliance_NN  between_IO  \0M_NP  Tshombe_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  Miniere_NP  (_(  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  British_JJ  shareholding_NN  )_)  to_TO  apply_VV0  the_AT1  huge_JJ  copper_NN  revenues_NNS  properly_RR  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Congo_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  unbalanced_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_TO  bridge_VV0  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  admirable_JJ  industrial_JJ  welfare_NN  services_NNS  provided_VBN  for_IO  copper_NN  employees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  general_JJ  lot_NN  of_IO  rural_JJ  Congolese_NP2  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  however_CS the_AT1  money_NN  is_VBZ  shared_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  disproportion_NN  between_IO  Katanga's_PPIO2  happy-go-lucky_JB  expansion_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  perpetual_JJ  budget_NN  deficits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Congolese_JJ  central_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  for_IO  too_RG  long_RR  been_VBN  an_AT1  obstacle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rebuilding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  odd_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  very_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS apply_VV0  this_DD1  argument_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  of_IO  Rhodesia_NP  and_CC  Nyasaland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS blanch_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  losing_VBG  Northern_NP  Rhodesia's_PPIO2  copper_NN  revenues_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  applies_VBZ  even_RR  more_RG  forcibly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  light_JJ  industry_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  European_JJ  agriculture_NN  (_(  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  plantations_NNS  )_)  to_TO  bolster_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  explanation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  in_IO  neither_LE  case_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  argument_NN  disinterested_JJ  .  
  \0M_NP  Tshombe_NP  has_VHZ  once_RR  or_CC  twice_RR  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  discrepancy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  even_RR  talked_VBN  of_IO  sharing_VBG  his_APP$  revenues_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  never_RR  signed_VBN  the_AT1  cheque_NN  .  
  independent_JJ  Katanga_NP  has_VHZ  never_RR  ,_,  in_IO  truth_NN  ,_,  looked_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  proposition_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  why_CS no_AT1  country_NN  has_VHZ  recognised_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  why_CS most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  serving_VBG  in_IO  its_APP$  forces_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  ne'er-do-wells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  jolt_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  come_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  unfortunately_RR  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  come_VBN  as_RG  cheaply_RR  as_CS  at_IO  first_MD  appeared_VVD  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  O'Brien_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  tides_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  ;_;  omitted_VBN  ,_,  Katanga_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  straggled_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  worse_JJ  tragedy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  to_TO  consolidate_VV0  the_AT1  reunion_NN  of_IO  Katanga_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  the_AT1  central_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  sending_VBG  a_AT1  commissioner_NN  formerly_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  \0M_NP  Gizenga's_PPIO2  Stanleyville_NP  regime_NN  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  may_VM  sound_VV0  more_RG  sinister_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  \0M_NP  Gizenga_NP  has_VHZ  notably_RR  failed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  capital_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  succession_NN  to_IO  Lumumba_NP  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  early_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  Marxist_NN1  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  peculiarly_RR  Congolese_JJ  strain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  thus_RR  his_APP$  accomplice_NN  now_RL  sent_VBN  to_IO  Elisabethville_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  personification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  government's_NN1$  new_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Congo-Katanga_NP  dispute_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  ended_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  surely_RR  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  continued_JJ  recognition_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  of_IO  \0M_NP  Tshombe_NP  as_IO  President_NNSB1  of_IO  Katanga_NP  province_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  flight_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  invited_VBN  to_TO  return_VV0  to_TO  head_VV0  the_AT1  provincial_JJ  government_NN  .  
  an_AT1  attempt_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  organise_VV0  the_AT1  Congolese_JJ  states_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  confederation_NN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  President_NNSB1  Tshombe_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  that_CS  independence_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  allowed_VBN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  strive_VV0  for_IO  as_RG  much_DA  provincial_JJ  autonomy_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  states_NNS  will_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  despair_VV0  of_IO  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  copper_NN  revenue_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  O'Brien_NP  has_VHZ  praised_VBN  the_AT1  valour_NN  of_IO  Katanga_NP  soldiers_NNS  .  
  \0M_NP  Tshombe_NP  should_VM  not_XX  encourage_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  drive_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  home_NN1  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  putting_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  desperate_JJ  resistance_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  spend_VV0  an_AT1  hour_NN  reading_VBG  the_AT1  Nigerian_JJ  constitution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  encouraging_JJ  news_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gromyko_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  will_VM  meet_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Rusk_NP  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  next_DA  week_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  talk_NN  about_IO  German_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  has_VHZ  lost_VBN  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  President_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  suggestion_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  meeting_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  while_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gromyko_NP  is_VBZ  over_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  general_JJ  assembly_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  supposes_VBZ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gromyko_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rusk_NP  will_VM  settle_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  Berlin_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  Germanys_NP2  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Modibo_NP  Keita_NP  said_VVD  after_IO  his_APP$  talk_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  summit_NN  meeting_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  diplomatic_JJ  level_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  first_MD  step_NN  .  
  and_CC  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  crisis_NN  began_VVD  that_CS  any_DD  specific_JJ  arrangement_NN  for_IO  serious_JJ  discussion_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  sides_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  plenty_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  declarations_NNS  about_IO  willingness_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  and_CC  talk_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  conspicuously_RR  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  place_NN  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0    New_NP  York_NP  next_DA  week_NN    is_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  advance_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  overconfident_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  meeting_NN  will_VM  lead_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  further_JB  and_CC  decisive_JJ  ones_CD1S  ;_;  but_CCB  without_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  look_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  over_RP  .  
  federal_JJ  Germany_NP  votes_VBZ  tomorrow_NN1  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  day_NN  too_RG  soon_RR  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  seldom_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  which_DDQ  more_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  over_RP  and_CC  done_VBN  with_II  .  
  to_IO  Germany's_PPIO2  western_JJ  allies_NNS  the_AT1  campaign_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  millstone_NN  weighing_VBG  down_RP  and_CC  almost_RR  paralysing_VBG  their_APP$  efforts_NNS  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  sensible_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  burden_NN  if_CS  western_JJ  governments_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  convinced_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  harm_VV0  even_RR  remotely_RR  \0Dr_NNSB1  Adenauer's_PPIO2  chances_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  returned_VBN  as_IO  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  so_PN1  convinced_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  .  
  meanwhile_RR  in_IO  Germany_NP  itself_PPX1  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  has_VHZ  dismayed_VBN  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  people_NNS  :_:  they_PPHS2  too_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  polling_NN  stations_NNS  close_VV0  .  
  across_IO  barriers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  assembly_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  in_IO  Delhi_NP  has_VHZ  added_VBN  substance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  aspiration_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  title_NN  .  
  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  orthodox_JJ  Church_NNL1  and_CC  its_APP$  sisters_NNS  in_IO  Bulgaria_NP  ,_,  Poland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Rumania_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  two_MC  stimulating_JJ  effects_NNS  .  
  some_DD  east_NN1  European_JJ  churches_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  members_NNS  already_RR  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  major_JJ  meeting_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  in_IO  Hungary_NP  in_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  now_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  witness_NN  in_IO  communist_JJ  countries_NNS  strongly_RR  represented_VBN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholics_NNS  are_VBR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  observers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  pan-protestantism_NN  loses_VBZ  its_APP$  validity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  orthodox_JJ  churches_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  catholics_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_DA  few_DA  among_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  that_PNQS come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reformation_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  evangelical_JJ  complexion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  grows_VBZ  stronger_JJ  through_IO  the_AT1  integration_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  missionary_JJ  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  admission_NN  of_IO  growing_JJ  communions_NNS  in_IO  south_NN1  America_NP  and_CC  newly_RR  independent_JJ  churches_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  now_RL  twice_RR  as_RG  many_DA  churches_NNS  from_IO  these_DD2  continents_NNS  and_CC  from_IO  Asia_NP  as_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  assembly_NN  in_IO  Amsterdam_NP  in_IO  1948_MC  .  
  the_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  universality_NN  is_VBZ  gratifying_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  its_APP$  complications_NNS  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  churches_NNS  which_DDQ  came_VVD  together_RR  at_IO  Amsterdam_NP  thirteen_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  had_VHD  long_RR  cooperated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  movements_NNS    faith_NN  and_CC  order_NN  and_CC  life_NN  and_CC  work_NN    whose_PNQV$  confluence_NN  formed_VVD  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  cooperation_NN  since_IO  then_RL  has_VHZ  steadily_RR  grown_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  entry_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  churches_NNS  unaccustomed_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  ecumenical_JJ  encounters_NNS  may_VM  hold_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  movement_NN  towards_IO  closer_JJ  cooperation_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  wider_JJ  geographical_JJ  representation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  other_DA  continuing_JJ  bodies_NNS  and_CC  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  some_DD  efficiency_NN  .  
  unanimity_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  less_RG  easily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  and_CC  main_JB  protestant_JJ  communions_NNS  readily_RR  agree_VV0  on_IO  many_DA  questions_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  birth_NN  control_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  population_NN  explosion_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  presence_NN  in_IO  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  churches_NNS  makes_VBZ  more_RG  contentious_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  striking_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  matter_NN  of_IO  defining_VBG  the_AT1  actual_JJ  theological_JJ  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  body_NN  can_VM  not_XX  address_VV0  itself_PPX1  successfully_RR  to_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  temporal_JJ  issues_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  seek_VV0  and_CC  share_VV0  guidance_NN  not_XX  on_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  and_CC  such_DA  a_AT1  special_JJ  field_NN  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  criteria_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Christian_NN1  should_VM  be_VB0  guided_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  declaration_NN  on_IO  racialism_NN  could_VM  reasonably_RR  be_VB0  unequivocal_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  cost_VBN  the_AT1  allegiance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  churches_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  but_CCB  discussion_NN  on_IO  current_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  east-west_NN1  conflict_NN  could_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  much_RR  farther_RRR  than_IO  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  truism_NN  that_CS  policies_NNS  of_IO  menace_NN  and_CC  mutual_JJ  disarmament_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  followed_VBN  together_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  council_NN  has_VHZ  done_VBN    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  achievement_NN    is_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  religious_JJ  contact_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  political_JJ  barrier_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  a_AT1  unitary_JJ  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  Russian_JJ  delegate_NN  ,_,  older_JJ  churches_NNS  like_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  have_VH0  personally_RR  discovered_VBN  younger_JJ  churches_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  facing_VBG  together_RR  the_AT1  broader_JJ  tasks_NNS  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  tackled_VBN  only_RR  together_RR  ran_VVD  through_IO  speech_NN  after_IO  speech_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  recalling_VBG  the_AT1  prophetic_JJ  words_NNS  in_IO  1938_MC  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Oldham_NP  ,_,  elected_VBN  honorary_JJ  president_NN  at_IO  Delhi_NP  :_:    *"_*'  
  study_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  undertaken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  churches_NNS  in_IO  common_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  forces_NNS  are_VBR  world_NN  forces_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  will_VM  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  essential_JJ  that_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  the_AT1  churches_NNS  should_VM  learn_VV0  from_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  and_CC  share_NN  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  whatever_DDQ  light_NN  God_NP  has_VHZ  given_VBN  them_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  attempt_NN  to_TO  face_VV0  new_JJ  and_CC  unprecedented_JJ  situations_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  shifting_JJ  weight_NN  from_IO  western_JJ  to_IO  eastern_JJ  communities_NNS  emphasizes_VBZ  the_AT1  challenge_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  receptivity_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  churches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  will_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  willingness_NN  of_IO  parishes_NNS  and_CC  congregations_NNS  to_TO  respond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  call_NN  to_IO  fresh_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  assimilate_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  daily_JJ  witness_NN  the_AT1  common_JJ  thought_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  member_NN  churches_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  duties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  set_VV0  the_AT1  standards_NNS  for_IO  continuing_VBG  common_JJ  study_NN  and_CC  action_NN  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  assembly_NN  help_NN  for_IO  refugees_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  faith_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  extended_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  different_JJ  needs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  ecumenical_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  enlarged_JJ  council_NN  speaks_VBZ  with_IO  different_JJ  voices_NNS  and_CC  stresses_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  orthodox_JJ  Church_NNL1  the_AT1  council_NN  has_VHZ  incorporated_VBN  a_AT1  community_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  distinctive_JJ  tradition_NN  of_IO  Christian_JJ  witness_NN  ,_,  emphasizing_VBG  devotion_NN  and_CC  not_XX  social_JJ  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  abstaining_VBG  from_IO  voting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  resolution_NN  which_DDQ  extended_VVD  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  religious_JJ  liberty_NN  to_IO  political_JJ  opinions_NNS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  in_IO  Delhi_NP  followed_VVD  a_AT1  tradition_NN  far_RR  older_JJ  than_IO  1917_MC  .  
  their_APP$  position_NN  is_VBZ  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  at_IO  Evanston_NP  in_IO  1954_MC  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Hromadka_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Prague_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  an_AT1  evangelical_JJ  :_:    *"_*'  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  marches_VBZ  through_IO  our_APP$  secular_JJ  world_NN  avoiding_VBG  and_CC  rejecting_VBG  identification_NN  with_IO  any_DD  human_JJ  absolute_NN  and_CC  rejecting_VBG  also_RR  any_DD  efforts_NNS  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  evil_NN  in_IO  any_DD  secular_JJ  institution_NN  or_CC  in_IO  any_DD  man_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  apply_VV0  human_JJ  ,_,  civil_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  political_JJ  categories_NNS  of_IO  freedom_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  **"_**'  
  some_DD  problems_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  world_NN  meeting_NN  remain_VV0  unresolved_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  thousand_MC  delegates_NNS  are_VBR  too_RG  many_DA  for_IO  corporate_JJ  thinking_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  corporate_JJ  thinking_NN  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  if_CS  all_DB  member_NN  churches_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  effective_JJ  voice_NN  in_IO  deciding_JJ  future_JB  lines_NNS  of_IO  cooperation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  aspiration_NN  of_IO  visible_JJ  as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  merely_RR    spiritual_JJ    unity_NN  was_VBDZ  endorsed_VBN  at_IO  Delhi_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  greatly_RR  advanced_VBN    or_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  at_IO  so_RG  comprehensive_JJ  an_AT1  assembly_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  although_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  titular_JJ  chief_NN  Albert_NP  Luthuli_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  truest_JJT  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  a_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  his_APP$  arrival_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  flying_JJ  visit_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  on_RP  to_TO  receive_VV0  the_AT1  Nobel_NP  peace_NN  prize_NN  in_IO  Oslo_NP  will_VM  give_VV0  British_JJ  people_NNS  a_AT1  chance_NN  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  gladly_RR  take_VV0  of_IO  expressing_VBG  their_APP$  admiration_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  courage_NN  ,_,  sincerity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  restraint_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ironical_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  reach_VV0  Europe_NP  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  republic_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  celebrating_VBG  the_AT1  annual_JJ  holiday_NN  which_DDQ  in_IO  origin_NN  commemorates_VBZ  the_AT1  victory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Voortrekkers_NP2  over_IO  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  Impis_NP2  at_IO  Blood_NP  River_NNL1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS belongs_VBZ  to_IO  that_DD1  proud_JJ  and_CC  warlike_JJ  people_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  Africans_NP2  who_PNQS have_VH0  buried_VBN  the_AT1  hatchet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  shown_VBN  himself_PPX1  ready_JJ    and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  who_PNQS knows_VBZ  him_PPHO1  can_VM  doubt_VV0  his_APP$  sincerity_NN    to_TO  lead_VV0  the_AT1  Zulus_NP2  and_CC  others_DA2  down_IO  the_AT1  paths_NNS  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  coexistence_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  white_JJ  neighbours_NNS  on_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  mutual_JJ  self-respect_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  his_APP$  ideal_NN  .  
  a_AT1  forward_JJ  looking_JJ  government_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  understood_VBN  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  powerful_JJ  encouragement_NN  to_IO  moderation_NN  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  into_IO  its_APP$  counsels_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  looking_VBG  backwards_RR  that_PNQS has_VHZ  prevailed_VBN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS put_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  into_IO  prison_NN  and_CC  then_RL  placed_VVD  indefensible_JJ  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  rights_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  have_VH0  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  Blood_NP  River_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  perpetual_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  mental_JJ  laager_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  see_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  only_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  sights_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  rifles_NNS  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  permission_NN  given_VBN  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  native_JJ  land_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  half_DB  a_AT1  gaol_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  is_VBZ  grudging_JJ  and_CC  qualified_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  minister_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interior_NN  emphasized_VVD  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  passport_NN  was_VBDZ  granted_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  government_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  measure_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  standard_NN  laid_VBN  down_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  award_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nobel_NP  peace_NN  prize_NN  .  
  the_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  quarter_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  reasonable_JJ  man_NN  would_VM  refer_VV0  on_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  issue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Swedish_JJ  judges_NNS  has_VHZ  rightly_RR  been_VBN  applauded_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  countries_NNS  that_PNQS believe_VV0  in_IO  freedom_NN  and_CC  scorn_VV0  racial_JJ  injustice_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Luthuli_NP  can_VM  not_XX  speak_VV0  freely_RR  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  must_VM  draw_VV0  encouragement_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  reception_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  will_VM  receive_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  journey_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  will_VM  deny_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  sadly_RR  ,_,    that_CS  thirty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  spent_VBN  in_IO  knocking_VBG  in_RR  vain_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  closed_JJ  and_CC  barred_JJ  door_NN  .    
  alas_UH  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  deny_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  saluting_VBG  a_AT1  veteran_NN  fighter_NN  for_IO  peace_NN  .  
  hire-purchase_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  fundamental_JJ  clause_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0T_NP  Williams's_PPIO2  hire-purchase_NN  bill_NN  general_JJ  agreement_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  increasingly_RR  important_JJ  weakness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  legislation_NN  (_(  the_AT1  1938_MC  act_NN  as_CS  amended_VBN  in_IO  1954_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  livestock_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  governs_VBZ  only_RR  agreements_NNS  involving_VBG  goods_NNS  worth_IO  *+300_NNU  or_CC  less_DA  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  political_JJ  centre_NN  report_NN  on_IO  consumer_NN  protection_NN  recently_RR  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  both_DB2  inflation_NN  and_CC  affluence_NN  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  limits_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  agreements_NNS  to_IO  *+1,000_NNU    the_AT1  level_NN  already_RR  established_VBN  for_IO  livestock_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  sets_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  achieve_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  limits_NNS  have_VH0  long_RR  been_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  car_NN  hire-purchase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  citizens'_NN2  advice_NN  bureaux_NNS  could_VM  probably_RR  produce_VV0  cases_NNS  illustrating_VBG  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  and_CC  abuses_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  arisen_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  .  
  the_AT1  efforts_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  agreements_NNS  even_RR  clearer_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  customer_NN  are_VBR  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  commended_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  notification_NN  he_PPHO1  envisages_VBZ  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  agreement_NN  is_VBZ  signed_VBN  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  opposition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  is_VBZ  short_JJ  and_CC  modest_JJ  in_IO  scope_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  private_JJ  members'_NN2  bills_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  offing_NN  will_VM  fill_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  gaps_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  fact_NN  may_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  an_AT1  extra_JJ  excuse_NN  for_IO  counselling_VBG  patience_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  report_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Molony_NP  committee_NN  .  
  comprehensive_JJ  legislation_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  preferable_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  disdain_VV0  this_DD1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  a_AT1  useful_JJ  sample_NN  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  opinion_NN  by_IO  at_RR  least_RR  allowing_VBG  these_DD2  bills_NNS  a_AT1  fair_JJ  run_NN  .  
  by_IO  degrees_NNS  .  
  centigrade_NN  \0v_IO  fahrenheit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fight_NN  is_VBZ  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  challenger_NN  has_VHZ  behind_IO  it_PPH1  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  secretary_NN  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  air_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  the_AT1  backing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  director_NN  general_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  meteorological_JJ  office_NN  .  
  the_AT1  press_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  broadcasting_NN  authorities_NNS  are_VBR  asked_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  both_DB2  temperatures_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  ring_NN  together_RR  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Graham_NP  Sutton_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  made_VVD  no_AT1  bones_NNS  about_IO  it_PPH1  yesterday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  fahrenheit_NN  the_AT1  knock_NN  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  backers_NNS  of_IO  centigrade_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  got_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  start_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  taken_VBN  more_DA  pains_NNS  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Graham_NP  said_VVD  there_EX  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN    an_AT1  awful_JJ  mess_NN  up_RP    in_IO  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  temperatures_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  specialists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  British_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  woman_NN  is_VBZ  conscious_JJ  of_IO  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  .  
  rather_RR  than_IO  fifty_MC  million_MC  people_NNS  having_VHG  to_TO  be_VB0  put_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  50,000_MC  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  reason_NN  why_CS the_AT1  centigrade_NN  countries_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  change_VV0  to_IO  fahrenheit_NN  .  
  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  scale_NN  is_VBZ  demonstrably_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  centigraders_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  in_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  stiffer_JJ  fight_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  call_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  reinforcement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  even_RR  then_RL  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  to_TO  persuade_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  decimal_JJ  coinage_NN    in_IO  certain_JJ  circumstances_NNS  the_AT1  time_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  when_CS this_DD1  would_VM  suit_VV0  their_APP$  convenience_NN    rather_RR  than_CS  to_TO  change_VV0  their_APP$  system_NN  of_IO  recording_VBG  temperatures_NNS  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  fahrenheit_NN  need_VM  not_XX  lose_VV0  heart_NN  .  
  once_RR  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  authorities_NNS  ganged_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  alter_VV0  the_AT1  habits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  effort_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  enforce_VV0  the_AT1  adoption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twenty-four_MC  hour_NN  clock_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  also_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  were_VBDR  roped_VBN  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  result_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  well-meaning_JJ  corporation_NN  became_VVD  very_RG  unpopular_JJ  .  
  so_PN1  much_RR  so_PN1  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  inaugurated_VBN  in_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  1934_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  thrown_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  August_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  a_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  governments_NNS  are_VBR  balked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  things_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  the_AT1  little_JJ  ,_,  familiar_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  summons_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  trials_NNS  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  must_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  bear_VV0  when_CS he_PPHO1  admits_VBZ  the_AT1  telephone_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  hurries_VBZ  to_IO  its_APP$  side_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  a_AT1  call_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  sometimes_RR  stop_VV0  ringing_VBG  before_CS  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  there_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  dividing_VBG  the_AT1  dahlias_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,  or_CC  hanging_VBG  a_AT1  critical_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  wallpaper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spare_JJ  bedroom_NN  ,_,  or_CC  delicately_RR  adjusting_VBG  the_AT1  car_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ,_,  or_CC  listening_VBG  absorbed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  concert_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wireless_NN  when_CS the_AT1  persisting_JJ  summons_NN  penetrates_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  dream_NN  world_NN  .  
  opinion_NN  .  
  speak_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  our_APP$  friends_NNS  !_!  
  a_AT1  baffled_JJ  and_CC  bewildered_JJ  little_JJ  country_NN  stands_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  storm_NN  .  
  Belgium_NP  is_VBZ  accused_VBN    without_IO  a_AT1  scrap_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN    of_IO  being_VBG  implicated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  of_IO  Patrice_NP  Lumumba_NP  .  
  her_APP$  leaders_NNS  are_VBR  insulted_VBN  ,_,  her_APP$  embassies_NNS  are_VBR  attacked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  score_NN  of_IO  countries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Ghana_NP  ,_,  President_NNSB1  Nkrumah_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  done_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  most_DA  to_TO  stir_VV0  up_RP  trouble_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  orders_VBZ  every_AT1  Belgian_JJ  citizen_NN  to_TO  quit_VV0  his_APP$  country_NN  .  
  boldly_RR  and_CC  clearly_RR  .  
  hounding_VBG  Belgium_NP  has_VHZ  become_VBN  an_AT1  international_JJ  pastime_NN  .  
  why_CS .  
  because_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS said_VVD  the_AT1  Congolese_NP2  could_VM  govern_VV0  themselves_PPX2  will_VM  not_XX  admit_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  wrong_JJ  .  
  so_RR  Belgium_NP  ,_,  bowed_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  internal_JJ  troubles_NNS  ,_,  mourning_VBG  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  air_NN  crash_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  made_VBN  their_APP$  scapegoat_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  will_VM  speak_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  Belgium_NP  .  
  who_PNQS  else_RR  but_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  fought_VBN  beside_IO  Belgium_NP  in_IO  two_MC  world_NN  wars_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  allies_NNS  still_RR  .  
  Britain_NP  should_VM  champion_VV0  Belgium_NP  .  
  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  careful_JJ  ,_,  hooded_JJ  language_NN  of_IO  diplomacy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  boldly_RR  and_CC  fearlessly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  country_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  desert_VV0  her_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  table_NN  .  
  happy_JJ  ,_,  happy_JJ  families_NNS  !_!  
  never_RR  before_II  have_VH0  Britain's_PPIO2  larders_NNS  been_VBN  so_RG  well_RR  stocked_VBN  .  
  supplies_NNS  of_IO  meat_NN  and_CC  dairy_NN  produce_NN  were_VBDR  substantially_RR  higher_JJ  last_DA  year_NN  than_CS  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  lucky_JJ  ,_,  lucky_JJ  housewives_NNS  !_!  
  to_TO  have_VH0  such_DA  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS  to_TO  choose_VV0  from_IO  .  
  not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  older_JJ  folk_NNS  were_VBDR  reminding_VBG  young_JJ  wives_NNS  ,_,  harassed_VBN  by_IO  shortages_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  old_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  abundance_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mother_NN  who_PNQS picks_VBZ  up_RP  recipes_NNS  from_IO  her_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dinner_NN  table_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  grumblers_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  today_NN1  !_!  
  go_VV0  ahead_RR  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  colour_NN  day_NN  ,_,    proclaimed_VVD  the_AT1  American_JJ  television_NN  network_NN  ,_,  \0N.B.C_NP  .  
  and_CC  hour_NN  after_IO  hour_NN  it_PPH1  poured_VVD  out_RP  its_APP$  programmes_NNS  in_IO  bright_JJ  colours_NNS  .  
  in_IO  America_NP  colour_NN  \0TV_NN  is_VBZ  five_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  already_RR  600,000_MC  sets_NNS  in_IO  use_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  about_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  launch_VV0  a_AT1  colour_NN  \0TV_NN  service_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  \0TV_NN  contractors_NNS  want_VV0  to_TO  delay_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  10_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  settle_VV0  this_DD1  argument_NN  with_IO  two_MC  words_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  :_:    
  go_VV0  ahead_RR  !_!  
  man_NN  of_IO  sympathy_NN  .  
  one_MC1  man_NN  beyond_IO  all_DB  others_DA2  is_VBZ  saddened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  deaths_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  elderly_JJ  sisters_NNS  who_PNQS killed_VVD  themselves_PPX2  because_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  their_APP$  cottage_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Crabb_NP  ,_,  clerk_NN  to_IO  Newmarket_NP  urban_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  always_RR  feel_VV0  this_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  failure_NN  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  whatsoever_DDQ  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  reproach_VV0  himself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  quit_VV0  as_CS  their_APP$  home_NN1  was_VBDZ  falling_VBG  down_RP  .  
  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crabb_NP  did_VDD  his_APP$  best_JJT  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  even_RR  driving_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  .  
  John_NP  Crabb_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  of_IO  sympathy_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  .  
  too_RG  often_RR  lacking_JJ  in_IO  officialdom_NN  .  
  lion_NN  rampant_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Newton_NP  of_IO  Acton_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  his_APP$  daughter_NN  to_TO  marry_VV0  a_AT1  Scotsman_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Scots_NP2  are_VBR  foreigners_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  no_AT1  business_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  ruler_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Scot_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Chancellor_NNSB1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Scot_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Scot_NN1    and_CC  so_PN1  were_VBDR  four_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessors_NNS  this_DD1  century_NN  .  
  let_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Newton_NP  beware_VV0  .  
  by_IO  protesting_VBG  against_IO  Scotland_NP  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  guilty_JJ  of_IO  rebellion_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  empire_NN  is_VBZ  put_VBN  on_IO  trial_NN  .  
  Archbishop_NNSB1  Makarios_NP  puts_VBZ  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  on_IO  trial_NN  .  
  his_APP$  ex-Eoka_JB  government_NN  decides_VBZ  that_CS  Cyprus_NP  will_VM  join_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  Britain_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  subsidise_VV0  and_CC  defend_VV0  the_AT1  Cypriots_NP2  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  trading_NN  benefits_NNS  of_IO  imperial_JJ  preference_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  safe_JJ  bet_NN  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  Makarios_NP  and_CC  company_NN  will_VM  sign_VV0  on_RP  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  will_VM  welcome_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  how_CS splendid_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  if_CS  ,_,  just_RR  for_RR  once_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  voice_VV0  the_AT1  real_JJ  feelings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  .  
  and_CC  tell_VV0  Makarios_NP  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  such_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  optimists_NNS  win_VV0  .  
  good_JJ  cheer_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  .  
  Ford_NP  motors_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  put_VV0  13,000_MC  men_NNS  back_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  five-day_JB  week_NN  .  
  one_MC1  more_DA  demonstration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  recovery_NN  .  
  as_CS  springtime_NN  approaches_VBZ  ,_,  orders_NNS  pick_VV0  up_RP  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  car_NN  men_NNS  get_VV0  ready_RR  for_IO  another_DD1  bustling_JJ  season_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pessimists_NNS  said_VVD  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  its_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  optimists_NNS  said_VVD  
    nonsense_NC2  .    
  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  optimists_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  proved_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  out_RP  and_CC  about_RP  .  
  Earl_NNSB1  Russell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  friends_NNS  have_VH0  hit_VBN  on_IO  an_AT1  original_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  spending_VBG  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  intend_VV0  to_TO  sit_VV0  outside_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  defence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  their_APP$  protest_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  H-bomb_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  forecast_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  ;_;  except_IO  for_II  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Whitehall_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  deserted_VBN  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  fine_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  James's_PPIO2  Park_NNL1  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  placid_JJ  lake_NN  ,_,  pelicans_NNS  ,_,  rare_JJ  ducks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  wild_JJ  life_NN  .  
  why_CS not_XX  follow_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Russell's_PPIO2  lead_NN  today_NN1  .  
  head_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  foolish_JJ  cause_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  glorious_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  good_JJ  health_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  toilers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  says_VBZ  a_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  work_NN  on_IO  average_NN  between_IO  55_MC  and_CC  60_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  put_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  extra_JJ  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  evenings_NNS  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  never_RR  go_VV0  on_IO  strike_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .  
  the_AT1  trade_NN  union_NN  officials_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  men_NNS  who_PNQS earn_VV0  only_RR  a_AT1  fraction_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  their_APP$  talents_NNS  and_CC  responsibilities_NNS  could_VM  bring_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  labour_NN  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  unions_NNS  are_VBR  fortunate_JJ  indeed_RGA  to_TO  find_VV0  dedicated_JJ  leaders_NNS  at_IO  cut-rate_JB  prices_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  the_AT1  members_NNS  decided_VVD  to_TO  pay_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  be_VB0  good_JJ  employers_NNS  .  
  wrong_JJ  target_NN  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  tory_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  destroying_VBG  the_AT1  social_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  government_NN  18.1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  income_NN  was_VBDZ  spent_VBN  on_IO  social_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  figure_NN  is_VBZ  19.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  worthwhile_JJ  targets_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  pity_NN  to_TO  aim_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  one_MC1  !_!  
  how_CS many_DA  serfs_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Marcia_NP  Power_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  husband_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  clean_VV0  his_APP$  uniform_NN  ,_,  wins_VBZ  a_AT1  divorce_NN  .  
  the_AT1  judge_NN  says_VBZ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  act_VV0  almost_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  serf_NN  .  
  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  husbands_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  saying_VBG  they_PPHS2  would_VM  never_RR  behave_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  ever_RR  ponder_VV0  how_CS their_APP$  gardening_NN  tools_NNS  are_VBR  mysteriously_RR  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  shed_NN  ;_;  their_APP$  books_NNS  tidied_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  often_RR  ,_,  even_RR  their_APP$  shoes_NNS  cleaned_VBN  .  
  how_CS wonderful_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  showed_VVD  their_APP$  appreciation_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  surprise_NN  box_NN  of_IO  chocolates_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  !_!  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  haste_NN  .  
  how_CS the_AT1  government_NN  must_VM  repent_VV0  its_APP$  haste_NN  and_CC  folly_NN  in_IO  Rhodesia_NP  !_!  
  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  this_DD1  territory_NN  was_VBDZ  peaceful_JJ  ,_,  orderly_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  thriving_JJ  .  
  Africans_NP2  within_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  were_VBDR  getting_VBG  valuable_JJ  experience_NN  in_IO  administration_NN  .  
  then_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  became_VVD  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
  suddenly_RR  everything_PN1  changed_VVD  .  
  timetables_NNS  were_VBDR  scrapped_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  ill-conceived_JJ  Monckton_NP  commission_NN  was_VBDZ  rushed_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  overnight_RR  ,_,  minor_JJ  African_JJ  politicians_NNS  were_VBDR  inflated_VBN  into_IO  international_JJ  figures_NNS  .  
  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  stepped_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  pace_NN  of_IO  change_NN  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  stepped_VVD  up_RP  their_APP$  demands_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  choice_NN  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  rash_JJ  and_CC  thoughtless_JJ  policy_NN  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  a_AT1  crisis_NN    a_AT1  crisis_NN  that_PNQS never_RR  should_VM  have_VH0  happened_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  doubt_NN  and_CC  fearful_JJ  heart-searching_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  now_RL  reverses_VBZ  its_APP$  plan_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  control_NN  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  it_PPH1  may_VM  indeed_RR  face_VV0  difficulties_NNS  from_IO  African_JJ  politicians_NNS  greedy_JJ  for_IO  power_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  fails_VBZ  to_TO  modify_VV0  that_DD1  plan_NN  Rhodesia_NP  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  plunged_VBN  into_IO  chaos_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  ministers_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  choice_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  must_VM  safeguard_VV0  Rhodesia_NP  against_IO  chaos_NN  .  
  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  repair_VV0  the_AT1  damage_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  done_VBN  .  
  prosperity_NN  league_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  can_VM  grow_VV0  the_AT1  fastest_RBT  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  exciting_JJ  competition_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  among_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  major_JJ  industries_NNS  .  
  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  then_RL  comes_VBZ  engineering_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  iron_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  staid_JJ  and_CC  timid_JJ  Treasury_NP  is_VBZ  cheered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  upsurge_NN  in_IO  investment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  reports_VBZ  that_DD1  new_JJ  factory_NN  building_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  up_RP  on_IO  1960_MC  .  
  Britain's_PPIO2  business_NN  men_NNS  are_VBR  right_JJ  to_TO  back_VV0  their_APP$  faith_NN  with_IO  cash_NN  .  
  for_CS  expansion_NN  today_NN1  means_VBZ  still_RR  greater_JJ  prosperity_NN  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  their_APP$  freedom_NN  .  
  Bertrand_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  88-year-old_JB  standard_NN  bearer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ban-the-bomb_JB  crusade_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  devoted_JJ  following_NN  .  
  thousands_MC2  march_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1    and_CC  sit_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  saint_NN  ;_;  by_IO  others_DA2  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  prophet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  philosopher_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  developed_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  publicity_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  spectacularly_RR  wrong_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  issues_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  time_NN  .  
  how_CS long_RR  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  he_PPHO1  urged_VVD  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  to_TO  welcome_VV0  Hitler's_PPIO2  troops_NNS  as_IO  tourists_NNS  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  he_PPHO1  favoured_VVD  a_AT1  preventive_JJ  war_NN  against_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  Britain_NP  to_TO  demolish_VV0  her_APP$  defences_NNS  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  Lord_NNSB1  Russell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  supporters_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  pursue_VV0  their_APP$  eccentric_JJ  campaigns_NNS  in_IO  freedom_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  ask_VV0  themselves_PPX2  this_DD1  question_NN  :_:  
  how_CS long_RR  would_VM  that_DD1  freedom_NN  last_VV0  if_CS  their_APP$  policies_NNS  were_VBDR  adopted_VBN  .  
  good_JJ  will_NN  man_NN  .  
  an_AT1  experiment_NN  in_IO  courtesy_NN  is_VBZ  launched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  board_NN  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  is_VBZ  laying_VBG  a_AT1  cable_NN  along_IO  a_AT1  seven-mile_JB  route_NN  in_IO  Surrey_NP  .  
  a_AT1  warden_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jack_NP  Finlay_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  to_TO  smooth_VV0  out_RP  difficulties_NNS  for_IO  householders_NNS  when_CS trenches_NNS  are_VBR  dug_VBN  outside_IO  their_APP$  front_JB  gates_NNS  .  
  splendid_JJ  .  
  by_IO  showing_VBG  concern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  the_AT1  board_NN  will_VM  earn_VV0  their_APP$  good_JJ  will_NN  .  
  happy_JJ  patrolling_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Finlay_NP  !_!  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  back_VV0  Welensky_NP  .  
  good_JJ  for_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  !_!  
  the_AT1  tough_JJ  ,_,  resolute_JJ  Premier_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Rhodesian_JJ  federation_NN  shakes_VBZ  the_AT1  life_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  critics_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  them_PPHO1    jelly-boned_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  promises_VBZ  to_TO  preserve_VV0  federation_NN  against_IO  African_JJ  fanatics_NNS  and_CC  woolly_JJ  minded_JJ  individuals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  some_DD  may_VM  ask_VV0  :_:  
  is_VBZ  Welensky_NP  justified_VBN  in_IO  being_VBG  so_RG  harsh_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS disagree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  answer_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  Congo_NP  shambles_NN  .  
  contrast_VV0  his_APP$  firm_JJ  ,_,  successful_JJ  rule_NN  in_IO  Rhodesia_NP  with_IO  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  there_RL  Welensky's_PPIO2  opponents_NNS  have_VH0  carried_VBN  their_APP$  theories_NNS  into_IO  practice_NN  .  
  there_RL  a_AT1  \0UNO_NP  army_NN  of_IO  Africans_NP2  ,_,  bossed_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  Indian_NN1  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  charge_NN  for_IO  months_NNS  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  a_AT1  bloodstained_JJ  shambles_NN  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  Welensky_NP  has_VHZ  lost_VBN  all_DB  patience_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  misguided_JJ  tormentors_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  earned_VBN  his_APP$  strictures_NNS  .  
  and_CC  his_APP$  contempt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thrifty_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  are_VBR  for_RR  ever_RR  complaining_VBG  that_CS  teenagers_NNS  earn_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  and_CC  spend_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  when_CS they_PPHS2  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  survey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  savings_NNS  bank_NN  shows_VBZ  how_CS wrong_JJ  that_DD1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  group_NN  of_IO  depositors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  aged_JJ  15_MC  to_IO  19_MC  .  
  certainly_RR  teenagers_NNS  earn_VV0  more_DA  than_CS  ever_RR  before_II  .  
  certainly_RR  they_PPHS2  spend_VV0  more_DA  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS splendid_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  prosperous_JJ  days_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country's_NN1$  history_NN  the_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  virtue_NN  of_IO  thrift_NN  should_VM  still_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  appeal_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  understood_VBN  !_!  
  the_AT1  Danes_NP2  are_VBR  annoyed_JJ  with_IO  British_JJ  farmers_NNS  for_IO  fighting_VBG  against_IO  Danish_JJ  competition_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  farmers_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Danes_NP2  understand_VV0  by_IO  free_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  to_TO  sell_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  while_CS  buying_VBG  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  from_IO  our_APP$  rivals_NNS  .  
  Germany_NP  has_VHZ  now_RL  supplanted_VBN  Britain_NP  as_IO  Denmark's_PPIO2  principal_JB  supplier_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farmers_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  understand_VV0  free_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS they_PPHS2  fight_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  curtain_NN  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Palace_NP  cinema_NN  at_IO  Buckley_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Chester_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  reopened_VBN  next_DA  week_NN  by_IO  Barry_NP  Flanagan_NP  and_CC  Eric_NP  Platt_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  aged_JJ  19_MC  .  
  Eric_NP  says_VBZ  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  what_DDQ  people_NNS  want_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  shrewd_JJ  anticipation_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  taste_NN  has_VHZ  launched_VBN  many_DA  great_JJ  enterprises_NNS  .  
  Barry_NP  and_CC  Eric_NP  have_VH0  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  backed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  resurgent_JJ  film_NN  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  curtain_NN  up_RP  on_IO  two_MC  success_NN  stories_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Palace_NP  .  
  and_CC  Barry_NP  and_CC  Eric_NP  .  
  follow_VV0  Oxford_NP  !_!  
  dons_NNS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  want_VV0  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  an_AT1  honours_NNS  degree_NN  course_NN  .  
  farming_VBG  is_VBZ  Britain's_PPIO2  most_RG  vital_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  increasingly_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  new_JJ  techniques_NNS    and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  men_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  skill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  older_JJ  universities_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  accused_VBN  of_IO  being_VBG  interested_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  dead_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  now_RL  Cambridge_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  as_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  .  
  particularly_RR  as_CS  its_APP$  rival_NN  ,_,  Oxford_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  similar_JJ  course_NN  in_IO  farming_NN  for_IO  15_MC  years_NNS  !_!  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  new_JJ  pioneers_NNS  .  
  John_NP  Glenn_NP  ,_,  Virgil_NP  Grissom_NP  ,_,  Alan_NP  Shepard_NP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  men_NNS  has_VHZ  a_AT1  date_NN  with_IO  destiny_NN    the_AT1  first_MD  journey_NN  into_IO  space_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  wonderful_JJ  century_NN  many_DA  people_NNS  believed_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  more_DA  worlds_NNS  to_TO  conquer_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  strange_JJ  people_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  Americans_NP2  from_IO  Kansas_NP  ,_,  Seattle_NP  ,_,  Scranton_NP  ,_,  Fresno_NP  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  ten_MC  thousand_MC  pin-points_NNS  (_(  you_PPY  try_VV0  telling_VBG  a_AT1  native_NN  of_IO  Kansas_NP  that_CS  his_APP$  home-town_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pin-point_NN  !_!  )_)  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  arrive_VV0  in_IO  our_APP$  islands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  travel_NN  association_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  excellent_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  taking_VBG  care_NN  of_IO  all_DB  foreigners_NNS  who_PNQS want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  time_NN  here_RL  and_CC  study_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  pompously_RR  called_VBN    the_AT1  British_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,    have_VH0  a_AT1  hard_JJ  time_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  from_IO  American_JJ  sources_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  two_MC  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  host_NN  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  one_MC1  :_:  
  a_AT1  citizen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  was_VBDZ  last_DA  week_NN  walking_VBG  down_IO  Oxford-street_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seized_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  total_JJ  stranger_NN  who_PNQS said_VVD  somewhat_RR  incoherently_RR  :_:  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  an_AT1  American_NN1  ,_,  eh_UH  .    
  he_PPHO1  pleaded_VVD  guilty_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  you_PPY    .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1    see_VV0  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  you_PPY  Yanks_NP2    see_VV0  .    
  our_APP$  transatlantic_JJ  friend_NN  mildly_RR  replied_VVD  :_:  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  just_RR  too_RG  bad_JJ  .    
  pause_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  visitor_NN  correctly_RR  adjudicates_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  accoster_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  loaded_VBN    or_CC  drunk_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  assailant_NN  then_RL  resumes_VBZ  :_:  
    but_CCB  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  anything_PN1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  anywhere_RR  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  feel_VV0  that_CS  somebody_PN1  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  across_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  just_RR  you_PPY  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  know_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  right_RR  here_RL  .  
  nobody_PN1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  shove_VV0  ole_JJ  Uncle_NNSB1  Sam_NP  around_RP  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  took_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  ,_,  wrote_VVD  his_APP$  address_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  added_VVD  :_:  
    anybody_PN1  mucking_VBG  the_AT1  Yanks_NP2  about_RP  had_VHD  better_RRR  call_VV0  on_IO  me_PPIO1  first_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  exit_VV0  a_AT1  puzzled_JJ  American_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  incident_NN  occurred_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  boat-train_NN  from_IO  Cherbourg_NP  to_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  two_MC  Americans_NP2  on_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Europe_NP    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  at_RR  least_RR  their_APP$  twentieth_MD  trip_NN    fell_VVD  into_IO  conversation_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  shy_JJ  ,_,  diffident_JJ  Englishman_NN1  who_PNQS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  seen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  renewed_VVD  mild_JJ  pleasantries_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  some_DD  international_JJ  chit-chat_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  end_VV0  their_APP$  explorations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  world_NN  by_IO  touring_VBG  England_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  reviving_JJ  postscript_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  eccentricities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  concluded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sage_JJ  ,_,  philosophical_JJ  calm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  world_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    mind_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  you_PPY  just_RR  one_MC1  tiny_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  advice_NN  .  
    all_DB  our_APP$  chaps_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  absolutely_RR  delighted_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  pub_NN  for_IO  God's_PPIO2  sake_NN  do_VD0  n't_XX  raise_VV0  your_APP$  voice_NN  !_!    
  the_AT1  travellers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  many_DA  times_NNS  before_II  ,_,  were_VBDR  slightly_RR  stunned_VBN  .  
  afterwards_RR  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  Britishers_NP2  never_RR  run_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  unturned_JJ  stones_NNS  .    
  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  travel_NN  association_NN  ,_,  doing_VBG  their_APP$  excellent_JJ  darndest_JJT  ,_,  I_PPIS1  offer_VV0  these_DD2  sad_JJ  complexities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ant_NN  society_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1830's_MC2  the_AT1  Luddites_NP2  took_VVD  sledge-hammers_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  looms_NNS  and_CC  many_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  trade_NN  unionist_NN  since_IO  then_RL  has_VHZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  improving_VBG  the_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  fellow_JB  workers_NNS  ,_,  taken_VBN  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  Luddite_JJ  hammer_NN  again_RR  .  
  hence_RR  the_AT1  hostility_NN  to_IO  automation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  stop-watch_NN  manufacturing_JJ  methods_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  led_VBN  to_IO  restrictive_JJ  practices_NNS  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  new_JJ  threat_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS toil_VV0  and_CC  spin_VV0  has_VHZ  been_VBN  developed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  firm_NN  specialising_VBG  in_IO  electronics_NN  in_IO  Los_NP  Angeles_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  developed_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  system_NN  whereby_CS completely_RR  untrained_JJ  workers_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  their_APP$  trade_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  tape_NN  recordings_NNS  and_CC  television_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  unskilled_JJ  worker_NN  is_VBZ  processed_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  high-speed_JB  listening_NN  to_IO  recorded_JJ  instructions_NNS  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  coupled_VBN  with_IO  explanatory_JJ  \0TV_NN  pictures_NNS  ,_,  into_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  highly_RR  skilled_JJ  ,_,  obedient_JJ  craftsman_NN  in_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  can_VM  the_AT1  raw_JJ  human_JJ  mind_NN  be_VB0  technically_RR  equipped_VBN  very_RG  quickly_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  one_MC1  set_NN  of_IO  skilled_JJ  manufacturing_NN  processes_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  trade_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  by_IO  being_VBG  given_VBN  another_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  \0audio-TV_JB  training_NN  techniques_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  be_VB0  switched_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  industry_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  just_RR  gives_VBZ  in_RP  and_CC  listens_VBZ  and_CC  looks_VBZ  .  
  from_IO  being_VBG  an_AT1  assembler_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  aircraft_NN  factory_NN  to_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  paint_NN  sprayer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  ceramic_JJ  factory_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  be_VB0  qualified_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  completely_RR  new_JJ  job_NN  in_IO  less_DA  time_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  
    Tolpuddle_NP  martyrs_NNS  !_!    
  a_AT1  straight_JJ  theodolite_NN  .  
    cricket_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  dictionary_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ    an_AT1  open_JJ  air_NN  game_NN  played_VBN  with_IO  ball_NN  ,_,  bats_NNS  and_CC  wickets_NNS  between_IO  two_MC  sides_NNS  consisting_VBG  of_IO  eleven_MC  players_NNS  each_DD1  .    
  not_XX  so_PN1  ,_,  dear_JJ  Oxford_NP  dictionary_NN  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  .  
  cricket_NN  in_IO  1961_MC  is_VBZ  played_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  theodolite_NN  ,_,  six_MC  surveyors_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  ball_NN  ,_,  bats_NNS  and_CC  wickets_NNS  between_IO  two_MC  sides_NNS  .  
  shades_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  stalwarts_NNS  of_IO  Hambledon_NP  who_PNQS are_VBR  now_RL  the_AT1  patron_NN  saints_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  !_!  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  thought_VBN  of_IO  these_DD2  civil_JJ  engineers_NNS  creeping_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  pitch_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  optical_JJ  instruments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  green_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  real_JJ  home_NN1  of_IO  cricket_NN  .  
  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  bumps_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  pitch_NN  have_VH0  no_AT1  terrors_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  batsman_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  stout_JJ  heart_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  firm_JJ  grip_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  willow_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  hefty_JJ  contempt_NN  for_IO  batting_NN  averages_NNS  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  blight_NN  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  a_AT1  mighty_JJ  six_MC  these_DD2  days_NNS  as_RG  rare_JJ  as_IO  frostbite_NN  in_IO  summer_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  clapping_VBG  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS plays_VBZ  a_AT1  straight_JJ  theodolite_NN  next_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Eichmann_NP  mind_NN  .  
  Eichmann_NP  continues_VBZ  to_TO  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  watertight_JJ  divisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  not_XX  content_JJ  with_IO  arguing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  cog_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  now_RL  claims_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  endless_JJ  massacre_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  six_MC  million_MC  Jews_NP2  was_VBDZ    decent_JJ  ,_,  feasible_JJ  and_CC  workable_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  satisfaction_NN    from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  my_APP$  personality_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  tested_VBN  and_CC  weighed_VBN  and_CC  not_XX  found_VBN  wanting_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  like_IO  Pontius_NP  Pilate_NP  who_PNQS washed_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  multitude_NN  saying_VBG  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  innocent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  just_JJ  person_NN  .    
  like_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Globke_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  interviewed_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  ,_,  Eichmann_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  drew_VVD  a_AT1  certain_JJ  solace_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  despite_IO  my_APP$  low_JJ  rank_NN  .    
  Eichmann_NP  is_VBZ  on_IO  dangerous_JJ  ground_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  pleads_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  unit_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  triangle_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  Hitler_NP  ,_,  Himmler_NP  ,_,  Hess_NP  and_CC  Goering_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  apex_NN  .  
  in_IO  examination_NN  he_PPHO1  betrayed_VVD  an_AT1  expert_JJ  and_CC  intimate_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  link_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chain_NN  of_IO  command_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  apparatus_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  exact_JJ  and_CC  meticulous_JJ  comprehension_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS used_VVD  the_AT1  system_NN    and_CC  used_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  power_NN  and_CC  authority_NN  .  
  the_AT1  appalling_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  kid_VV0  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  feel_VV0  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  righteousness_NN  when_CS their_APP$  hands_NNS  are_VBR  red_JJ  with_IO  blood_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  really_RR  believed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  treaty_NN  of_IO  Versailles_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  iniquitous_JJ  injustice_NN  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  burst_VVD  into_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  ,_,  Poland_NP  ,_,  Holland_NP  ,_,  Belgium_NP  and_CC  France_NP  they_PPHS2  really_RR  believed_VVD  Hitler_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  screamed_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  being_VBG    encircled_VBN  .    
  they_PPHS2  really_RR  believed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  superiority_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  new_JJ  order_NN    which_DDQ  Himmler_NP  on_IO  October_NN1  4_MC  ,_,  1943_MC  ,_,  expressed_VVD  thus_RR  :_:  
    whether_CS  nations_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  prosperity_NN  or_CC  starve_VV0  to_IO  death_NN  like_IO  cattle_NNS  interests_VBZ  me_PPIO1  only_RR  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_IO  slaves_NNS  to_IO  our_APP$  Kultur_&FW  ;_;  otherwise_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  no_AT1  interest_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  dispatched_VBN  .  .  
  this_DD1  concept_NN  of_IO  slavery_NN  included_VVD  Britain_NP  .  
  General_NNSB1  Brauchitsch_NP  signed_VVD  a_AT1  directive_NN  ordering_VBG  that_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  successful_JJ  invasion_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  islands_NNS  all_DB  the_AT1    able-bodied_JJ  male_JJ  population_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  of_IO  seventeen_MC  and_CC  forty-five_MC  will_VM  ,_,  unless_CS  the_AT1  local_JJ  situation_NN  calls_NNS  for_IO  an_AT1  exceptional_JJ  ruling_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  interned_VBN  and_CC  dispatched_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Baltic_NP  states_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  our_APP$  destination_NN  .  
  in_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  conquered_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  Poland_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  begun_VBN  with_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  step_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  compatriots_NNS  of_IO  Eichmann_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  their_APP$  evil_JJ  word_NN  .  
  officious_JJ  efficiency_NN  .  
  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  people_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  thankless_JJ  task_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  less_RRR  disliked_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  attitude_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  customers_NNS    who_PNQS incidentally_RR  pay_VV0  their_APP$  salaries_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  demands_NNS  are_VBR  invariably_RR  couched_VBN  in_IO  hectoring_JJ  ,_,  out-of-date_JB  language_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  all_DB  their_APP$  bluster_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  let_VV0  many_DA  a_AT1  big_JJ  fish_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  while_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  bullying_VBG  the_AT1  minnows_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  heard_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  officious_JJ  efficiency_NN  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  chap_NN  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  got_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  job_NN  last_DA  week_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  paid_VBN  monthly_RR  in_IO  arrears_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  bean_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty-one_MC  days_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  blood_NN  suckers_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  after_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  demanding_VBG  particulars_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  minatory_JJ  language_NN  including_IO  a_AT1  blackmailing_JJ  line_NN  which_DDQ  says_VBZ  :_:  
    if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  more_DA  tax_NN  than_CS  you_PPY  need_VV0  .    
  truly_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  tax_NN  gatherers_NNS  an_AT1  unbeloved_JJ  people_NN  .  
  may_VM  his_APP$  tribe_NN  increase_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  favourite_JB  piece_NN  of_IO  rhymed_JJ  writing_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  catapult-and-conker_JB  stage_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  sentimental_JJ  verse_NN  by_IO  Leigh_NP  Hunt_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN    Abou_NP  Ben_NP  Adhem_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  angel_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  why_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  so_RR  impressed_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  poem_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  on_IO  reflection_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  a_AT1  guilty_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  devilment_NN  business_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  felt_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hell-bound_JJ  under_IO  a_AT1  strict_JJ  Presbyterian_JJ  upbringing_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  possible_JJ  reprieve_NN  might_VM  come_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  sugary_JJ  sentiments_NNS  of_IO    Abou_NP  Ben_NP  Adhem_NP  .    
  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  jingly-jungly_JJ  jingle_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  :_:  
    Abou_NP  Ben_NP  Adhem_NP  (_(  may_VM  his_APP$  tribe_NN  increase_VV0  !_!  )_)  awoke_VVD  one_MC1  night_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  dream_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  and_CC  saw_VVD  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  it_PPH1  rich_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  like_IO  a_AT1  lily_NN  in_IO  bloom_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  angel_NN  writing_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  .    
  more_DA    or_CC  less_DA  .  
  to_TO  cut_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  story_NN  short_RR  the_AT1  angel_NN  got_VVD  on_RP  well_RR  with_IO  Abou_NP  and_CC  wrote_VVD  his_APP$  name_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  intrigued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  blessing_NN      may_VM  his_APP$  tribe_NN  increase_VV0  !_!    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  realise_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  world_NN  of_IO  swarming_JJ  ,_,  suburban_JJ  kids_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  reared_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  more_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   might_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR    and_CC  still_RR  are_VBR  .  
  in_IO  Burma_NP  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  urging_VBG  the_AT1  population_NN  to_TO  multiply_VV0  because_CS  ,_,  says_VBZ  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  national_JJ  planning_NN  :_:  
    if_CS  present_JJ  trends_NNS  continue_VV0  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  increase_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Burmese_NP2  will_VM  disappear_VV0  one_MC1  day_NN  .    
  not_XX  far_RR  away_RP  ,_,  across_IO  the_AT1  Bay_NNL1  of_IO  Bengal_NP  ,_,  India's_PPIO2  government_NN  is_VBZ  urging_VBG  the_AT1  population_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  themselves_PPX2  sterilised_VBN  and_CC  paying_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  operation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  neither_LE  of_IO  these_DD2  pluses_NNS  and_CC  minuses_NNS  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  main_JB  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  earth_NN  is_VBZ  crammed_VBN  with_IO  teeming_JJ  ,_,  multiplying_JJ  humanity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blessing_NN      may_VM  his_APP$  tribe_NN  increase_VV0    in_IO  1961_MC  sounds_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  curse_NN  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  nearly_RR  53_MC  million_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  more_RG  thickly_RR  populated_VBN  than_IO  teeming_JJ  ,_,  bursting_JJ  Japan_NP  .  
  only_RR  one_MC1  country_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  has_VHZ  more_DA  people_NNS  per_IO  square_JJ  yard_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0    Holland_NP  .  
  in_IO  1850_MC  there_EX  were_VBDR  1,000_MC  million_MC  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  1900_MC  the_AT1  figure_NN  had_VHD  swollen_VBN  to_IO    1,500_MC  million_MC  .  
  half_DB  a_AT1  century_NN  later_RRR  ,_,  us_PPIO2   chicks_NNS  had_VHD  increased_VBN  by_IO  another_DD1  1,000_MC  million_MC  to_IO  2,500_MC  million_MC  .  
  by_IO  1975_MC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  on_IO  present_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  be_VB0  less_DA  than_IO  3,800_MC  million_MC  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  anno_NN  domini_NN1$  2000_MC  (_(  bar_IO  nuclear_JJ  accidents_NNS  )_)  we_PPIS2  will_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  6,300_MC  million_MC  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  awful_JJ  lot_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   around_RP  .  
  unless_CS  .  .  
  un-nuclear_JJ  less_DA  .  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  cast_VBN  doubt_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  repeated_JJ  claims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  appalling_JJ  deeds_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  inflicted_VBN  on_IO  millions_MC2  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  glory_NN  and_CC  honour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  German_JJ  Reich_NN  .  
  yesterday_NN1  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  an_AT1  \0ex-SS_JB  man_NN  now_RL  living_VBG  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  asks_VBZ  me_PPIO1  not_XX  to_TO  publish_VV0  his_APP$  name_NN  and_CC  address_NN    as_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  well_RR  cost_VV0  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  job_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  :_:  
    your_APP$  statement_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  German_JJ  people_NN  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  from_IO  1942-1944_MC-MC  I_PPIS1  served_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  volunteer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  \0SS_NP  .  
  during_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  served_VVD  in_IO  various_JJ  \0SS_NP  divisions_NNS  and_CC  never_RR  heard_VVD  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  rumour_NN  that_CS  Jews_NP2  were_VBDR  murdered_VBN  .  
    on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  we_PPIS2  believed_VVD  just_RR  as_RG  sincerely_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  allies_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  fighting_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  just_JJ  cause_NN  and_CC  humanity_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  often_RR  fought_VBN  against_IO  odds_NNS  of_IO  twenty_MC  to_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  got_VVD  through_RP  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  do_VD0  that_DD1  unless_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  deep_JJ  conviction_NN  that_CS  your_APP$  cause_NN  is_VBZ  right_JJ  .  
    our_APP$  officers_NNS  always_RR  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   never_RR  to_TO  degenerate_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  opponents_NNS  .  
  even_RR  when_CS our_APP$  patrol_NN  found_VVD  two_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  comrades_NNS  murdered_VBN  (_(  shot_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  )_)  by_IO  Russian_JJ  troops_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  captured_VBN  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  day_NN  before_II  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  told_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  patrol_NN  leader_NN  :_:  
    no_AT1  reprisals_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  West_NP  German_JJ  build-up_NN  .  
  tories_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  old_JJ  tricks_NNS  .  
  says_VBZ  Bob_NP  Leeson_NP  .  
  some_DD  17_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  summer_NN  of_IO  1934_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  German_JJ  ambassador_NN  in_IO  London_NP  was_VBDZ  dictating_VBG  a_AT1  secret_JJ  report_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  chief_NN  von_&FW  Papen_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
    Britain_NP  is_VBZ  uncomfortable_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  role_NN  of_IO  champion_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  rearmament_NN  ,_,  in_IO  opposition_NN  ,_,  to_IO  France_NP  .    
  later_RRR  that_DD1  year_NN  he_PPHO1  warned_VVD  that_CS  Britain_NP  knew_VVD  Germany_NP  was_VBDZ  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  agreement_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  building_VBG  bombers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  added_VVD  :_:  
    without_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  tolerance_NN  German_JJ  rearmament_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  jeopardised_VBN  .    
  when_CS Hoesch's_PPIO2  reports_NNS  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  other_DA  nazi_JJ  documents_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  captured_VBN  and_CC  published_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  government_NN  connivance_NN  became_VVD  clear_JJ  .  
  at_IO  nazi_JJ  Germany's_PPIO2  request_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  was_VBDZ  providing_VBG  the_AT1  cloak_NN  for_IO  Germany_NP  to_TO  build_VV0  an_AT1  air_NN  force_NN  bigger_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  yesterday_NN1  West_NP  German_JJ  defence_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Strauss_NP  ,_,  started_VVD  talks_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  defence_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  .  
  their_APP$  talks_NNS  are_VBR  another_DD1  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cloak_NN  operation_NN  ,_,  1961_MC  variety_NN  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  militarists_NNS  are_VBR  advancing_VBG  their_APP$  rearmament_NN  .  
  Strauss'_PPIO2  aim_NN  .  
  Herr_NNSB1  Strauss_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  daily_JJ  mail_NN  last_DA  October_NN1  that_CS  his_APP$  policy_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  country_NN  the_AT1    strongest_JJT  militarily_RR  in_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States'_PPIO2  principal_JB  Nato_NP  ally_NN  .    
  his_APP$  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  military_JJ  apparatus_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  back_VV0  West_NP  Germany's_PPIO2  economic_JJ  domination_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  through_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  continued_VVD  this_DD1  week_NN  the_AT1  argument_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watkinson_NP  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  public_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Nato_NP  council_NN  meeting_NN  last_DA  year_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  fight_VV0  a_AT1  30-day_JB  war_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  90-day_JB  war_NN  .  
  a_AT1  90-day_JB  war_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  view_NN  ,_,  provides_VBZ  the_AT1  pretext_NN  for_IO  huge_JJ  German_JJ  armed_JJ  forces_NNS  (_(  within_IO  Nato_NP  of_RR  course_RR  )_)  and_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  to_TO  have_VH0  bases_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  West_NP  Germany_NP  has_VHZ  secured_VBN  agreements_NNS  for_IO    facilities_NNS    in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  Holland_NP  and_CC  Belgium_NP  .  
  after_IO  much_DA  bargaining_NN  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  agreed_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  similar_JJ    facilities_NNS    to_IO  German_JJ  troops_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  too_RG  slow_JJ  for_IO  Herr_NNSB1  Strauss_NP  and_CC  last_DA  month_NN  he_PPHO1  attacked_VVD  Britain_NP  for_IO  being_VBG  an_AT1  obstacle_NN  for_IO  West_NP  Germany's_PPIO2  plans_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1    unified_JJ  supply_NN  apparatus_NN    in_IO  Nato_NP  .  
  (_(  a_AT1  supply_NN  apparatus_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  link_VV0  together_RR  the_AT1  various_JJ  West_NP  German_JJ    facilities_NNS  .    )_)  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  11_MC  German_JJ  divisions_NNS  in_IO  Nato_NP  compared_VBN  with_IO  four_MC  divisions_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  troops_NNS  .  
  alongside_IO  these_DD2  divisions_NNS  a_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  over_RR  600_MC  Starfighters_NP2  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  is_VBZ  growing_VBG  up_RP  .  
  these_DD2    fighters_NNS    are_VBR  in_IO  fact_NN  fighter_NN  bombers_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  launch_VV0  an_AT1  atomic_JJ  attack_NN  on_IO  eastern_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  by_IO  1963_MC  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  plan_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  nine_MC  missile_NN  battalions_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  288_MC  missiles_NNS  and_CC  36_MC  firing_JJ  ramps_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  weapons_NNS  like_IO  Matador_NP  (_(  range_NN  950_MC  miles_NNS  )_)  ,_,  also_RR  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  .  
  last_DA  month_NN  West_NP  Germany_NP  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  halfway_RR  toward_IO  this_DD1  target_NN  .  
  her_APP$  position_NN  as_IO    America's_PPIO2  principal_JB  Nato_NP  ally_NN    grows_VBZ  stronger_JJ  and_CC  stronger_JJ  .  
  now_RL  this_DD1  target_NN  which_DDQ  Herr_NNSB1  Strauss_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  fellows_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  is_VBZ  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  warheads_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  weapons_NNS  .  
  General_NNSB1  Heusinger_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS caused_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  disturbance_NN  last_DA  autumn_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  demand_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  army_NN  ,_,  now_RL  heads_VBZ  Nato's_PPIO2  military_JJ  planning_NN  committee_NN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  through_IO  Nato_NP  under_IO  American_JJ  leadership_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  big_JJ  role_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  played_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  but_CCB  by_IO  right-wing_JB  labour_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  helped_VBN  build_VV0  up_RP  Nato_NP  and_CC  rearm_VV0  Western_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  familiar_JJ  anti-Soviet_JB  policy_NN  which_DDQ  brought_VVD  disaster_NN  in_IO  1939_MC  .  
  no_AT1  bases_NNS  !_!  
  now_RL  the_AT1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  used_VBN  that_CS  Nato_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  maintained_VBN  and_CC  Britain_NP  must_VM  stay_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  in_IO  control_NN  .  
  Nato_NP  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  German_JJ  militarists_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cover_NN  for_IO  building_VBG  up_RP  their_APP$  power_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  must_VM  Britain_NP  do_VD0  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  key_JB  role_NN  .  
  let_VV0  her_PPHO1  tell_VV0  men_NNS  like_IO  Strauss_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  shall_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  bases_NNS  or_CC    facilities_NNS  ,_,    no_AT1  help_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  quest_NN  for_IO  atomic_JJ  arms_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  policy_NN  which_DDQ  breaks_VBZ  with_IO  military_JJ  alliances_NNS  like_IO  Nato_NP  and_CC  seeks_VBZ  friendship_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  can_VM  prevent_VV0  another_DD1  betrayal_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  '30s_MC2  .  
  Gaitskellism_NN1  is_VBZ  bankrupt_JJ  .  
  Harry_NP  Smith_NP  .  
  national_JJ  president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  of_IO  engineering_NN  and_CC  shipbuilding_NN  draughtsmen_NNS  ,_,  writing_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  personal_JJ  capacity_NN  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  pleased_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  \0J_NP  \0R_NP  Campbell's_PPIO2  article_NN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  as_IO  president_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  union_NN  which_DDQ  fought_VVD  for_IO  and_CC  still_RR  stands_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  decisions_NNS  established_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  conference_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  appalled_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  attack_NN  against_IO  those_DD2  decisions_NNS  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  my_APP$  union_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  present_VV0  its_APP$  views_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  major_JJ  conferences_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  licking_NN  .  
  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  unity_NN  meant_VVD  accepting_VBG  unpalatable_JJ  majority_NN  decisions_NNS  as_CS  binding_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  having_VHG  a_AT1  go_VV0  next_DA  time_NN  .  
  alongside_IO  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  conducted_VVD  our_APP$  fight_NN  by_IO  putting_VBG  down_RP  unambiguous_JJ  alternatives_NNS  to_IO  official_JJ  policy_NN  and_CC  seeking_VBG  to_TO  win_VV0  majorities_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  obstruction_NN  .  
  when_CS Scarborough_NP  carried_VVD  our_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  naturally_RR  delighted_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  so_PN1  because_CS  the_AT1  alternatives_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  put_VBN  clearly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  then_RL  chosen_VBN  a_AT1  vigorous_JJ  anti-Nato_JB  ,_,  anti-tory_JB  ,_,  anti-bomb_JB  and_CC  anti-German_JJ  rearmament_NN  policy_NN  .  
  hopes_NNS  rose_VVD  as_CS  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  a_AT1  perspective_NN  of_IO  sharp_JJ  struggle_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  consistent_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  difference_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  tories_NNS  .  
  many_DA  members_NNS  understood_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  bread-and-butter_JB  struggles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  easier_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  movement_NN  advancing_VBG  to_TO  attack_VV0  the_AT1  tories_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  front_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  policy_NN  .  
  for_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  always_RR  felt_VBN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  then_RL  by_IO  our_APP$  practice_NN  ignored_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  inconsistency_NN  between_IO  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  alliance_NN  ,_,  with_IO  resulting_JJ  colossal_JJ  spending_NN  on_IO  armaments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  basic_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  living_NN  standards_NNS  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  the_AT1  Gaitskellites_NP2  using_VBG  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  organisational_JJ  dominance_NN  established_VBN  during_IO  their_APP$  years_NNS  of_IO  control_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  to_TO  offend_VV0  every_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  democratic_JJ  practice_NN  and_CC  unity_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  obstructed_VVD  every_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  decisions_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  scratching_VBG  around_RP  frantically_RR  to_TO  overturn_VV0  them_PPHO1  next_DA  time_NN  .  
  confusion_NN  .  
  confusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  issue_NN  by_IO  misrepresentation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  decisions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pseudo_JB  third_MD  way_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  call_NN  for_IO  party_NN  unity_NN    in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  demand_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  movement_NN  unite_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Gaitskellites_NP2  on_IO  their_APP$  policy_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  other_DA  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  the_AT1  trick_NN  of_IO  moving_VBG  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  unions_NNS  temporarily_RR  away_RP  from_IO  Scarborough_NP  decisions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  become_VV0  easy_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  cynical_JJ  and_CC  to_TO  despair_VV0  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  ,_,  wherever_CS the_AT1  issues_NNS  were_VBDR  put_VBN  clearly_RR  ,_,  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  reaffirmed_VVD  their_APP$  original_JJ  stand_NN  .  
  only_RR  where_CS the_AT1  issues_NNS  were_VBDR  posed_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  cause_VV0  doubt_NN  and_CC  confusion_NN  were_VBDR  positions_NNS  lost_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  view_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  immediate_JJ  confusion_NN  hides_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  peace_NN  movement_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  advancing_VBG  and_CC  that_DD1  clarification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  issues_NNS  can_VM  bring_VV0  a_AT1  majority_NN  to_TO  secure_VV0  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  decisions_NNS  .  
  powerful_JJ  units_NNS  have_VH0  stood_VBN  firm_JJ  .  
  in_IO  unions_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  central_JJ  issues_NNS  were_VBDR  confused_VBN  ,_,  clear_JJ  policy_NN  details_NNS    as_IO  on_IO  bases_NNS    were_VBDR  decisively_RR  carried_VBN  .  
  peace_NN  policy_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  of_IO  active_JJ  workers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0  how_CS and_CC  why_CS the_AT1  trick_NN  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  ,_,  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  ,_,  immediate_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  campaign_NN  against_IO  weak_JJ  and_CC  doubtful_JJ  positions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  consistent_JJ  peace_NN  policy_NN  .  
  all_DB  recent_JJ  events_NNS  show_VV0  how_CS correct_JJ  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  decisions_NNS  were_VBDR  .  
  the_AT1  Kennedy_NP  administration's_NN1$  sharpened_JJ  policies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  speeded-up_JB  drive_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  West_NP  Germany's_PPIO2  armament_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  rush_VV0  Britain_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  kite-flying_NN  on_IO  Spain_NP  present_VV0  a_AT1  whole_JJ  new_JJ  proof_NN  that_CS  to_TO  abandon_VV0  Scarborough_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  expose_VV0  Britain_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  working_JJ  class_NN  to_IO  sharp_JJ  new_JJ  dangers_NNS    that_DD1  Gaitskellism_NN1  is_VBZ  bankrupt_JJ  .  
  ordinary_JJ  workingJJ  weapons_NNS  and_CC  nuclear_JJ  strategy_NN  until_IO  some_DD  future_JB  date_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  deceive_VV0  the_AT1  people_NNS  by_IO  their_APP$  talk_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  and_CC  collective_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  Nato_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Pentagon_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  perfectly_RR  clear_JJ  who_PNQS  controls_VBZ  the_AT1  American_JJ  H-bomb_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS  will_VM  actually_RR  give_VV0  the_AT1  instructions_NNS  to_TO  press_VV0  the_AT1  button_NN  for_IO  nuclear_JJ  warfare_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  way_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  unity_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  defend_VV0  Britain_NP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  trades_VBZ  union_NN  congress_NN  ,_,  representing_VBG  800,000_MC  organised_JJ  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  decided_VVD  by_IO  overwhelming_JJ  votes_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  reaffirm_VV0  the_AT1  Scarborough_NP  decisions_NNS  on_IO  unilateral_JJ  disarmament_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  oppose_VV0  Polaris_NP  and_CC  military_JJ  bases_NNS  being_VBG  installed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Holy_NP  Loch_NNL1  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  part_NN  of_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  tory_JJ  menace_NN  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  policy_NN  would_VM  unite_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  movement_NN  and_CC  lay_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  tory_NN  government_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  real_JJ  menace_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  both_DB2  in_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  movement_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  on_IO  record_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Polaris_NP  base_NN  and_CC  facilities_NNS  for_IO  German_JJ  bases_NNS  and_CC  military_JJ  training_NN  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  campaign_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  and_CC  use_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  then_RL  could_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  leading_JJ  and_CC  independent_JJ  role_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  agreement_NN  to_TO  ban_VV0  all_DB  nuclear_JJ  strategy_NN  and_CC  weapons_NNS  of_IO  mass_NN  destruction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lay_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  real_JJ  peace_NN  and_CC  progress_NN  .  
  ballyhoo_NN  will_VM  n't_XX  solve_VV0  youth_NN  training_NN  .  
  says_VBZ  John_NP  Moss_NP  .  
  when_CS all_DB  the_AT1  ballyhoo_NN  about_IO  commonwealth_NN  training_NN  week_NN  subsides_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  apprenticeships_NNS  will_VM  result_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  week_NN  of_IO  window_NN  dressing_NN  will_VM  not_XX  prevent_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  hopeful_JJ  15-year-olds_NNS  leaving_VBG  school_NN  in_IO  six_MC  weeks_NN2  time_NN  from_IO  ending_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  blind_JJ  alley_NN  jobs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  needs_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  10,000_MC  church_NN  parades_NNS  and_CC  open_JJ  days_NNS  at_IO  techs_NNS  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  descents_NNS  into_IO  Brighton's_PPIO2  sewers_NNS  or_CC  balloon_NN  ascents_NNS  over_IO  Wolverhampton_NP  for_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  technical_JJ  training_NN  to_TO  catch_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  heli-hopping_JJ  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  ,_,  opening_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  technical_JJ  college_NN  extensions_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  keep_VV0  us_PPIO2   abreast_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  revolution_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  550,000_MC  young_JJ  people_NNS  aged_JJ  15-17_MC-MC  starting_VBG  work_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  420,000_MC  (_(  73_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  went_VVD  into_IO  unskilled_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  percentage_NN  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  swell_VV0  to_IO  80_MC  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  low_JJ  wages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  possibly_RR  speaking_VBG  from_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  stated_VVD  :_:  
    most_DA  unskilled_JJ  jobs_NNS  are_VBR  reasonably_RR  well-paid_JJ  and_CC  many_DA  look_VV0  attractive_JJ  .    
  but_CCB  last_DA  year's_NN1$  average_JJ  wage_NN  for_IO  boys_NNS  under_IO  21_MC  was_VBDZ  *+5_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  and_CC  for_IO  girls_NNS  *+4_NNU  13_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  minority_NN  got_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  the_AT1  press_NN  says_VBZ  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  ,_,  then_RL  those_DD2  below_IO  average_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  received_VBN  a_AT1  pittance_NN  .  
  apprentice_NN  wages_NNS  are_VBR  below_IO  average_NN  :_:  a_AT1  19-year-old_JB  engineering_NN  apprentice_NN  may_VM  get_VV0  as_RG  little_DA  as_IO  *+5_NNU  8_MC  \0s_NNU  1_MC1  \0d_NNU  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  young_JJ  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  unskilled_JJ  jobs_NNS  .  
  countless_JJ  numbers_NNS  who_PNQS want_VV0  training_NN  are_VBR  denied_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  one_MC1  area_NN  electricity_NN  board_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  offered_VVD  six_MC  craft_NN  apprenticeships_NNS  and_CC  received_VVD  450_MC  applications_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  100_MC  were_VBDR  considered_VBN  suitable_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  17_MC  vacancies_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  58_MC  boys_NNS  who_PNQS passed_VVD  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  exams_NNS  for_IO  Rosyth_NP  dockyard_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  recently_RR  widely_RR  publicised_VBN  apprenticeships_NNS  demanded_VVD  seven_MC  passes_NNS  in_IO  \0G.C.E_NP  .  
  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  budget_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  tax_NN  reforms_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  1960s_MC2  .  
  by_IO  David_NP  Howell_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  basic_JJ  points_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  preface_NN  to_IO  any_DD  sensible_JJ  discussion_NN  of_IO  taxation_NN  reform_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  demands_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  prosperous_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  revenue_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  years_NNS  is_VBZ  highly_RR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  any_DD  smaller_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  assumption_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1    natural_JJ    increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  revenue_NN  in_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  increased_JJ  wages_NNS  ,_,  salaries_NNS  ,_,  consumption_NN  and_CC  profits_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  have_VH0  *+100_NNU  \0m_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  then_RL  indication_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  as_IO  to_II  where_CS his_APP$  priorities_NNS  should_VM  lie_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  point_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  tax_NN  reform_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  different_JJ  thing_NN  from_IO  putting_VBG  forward_RR  a_AT1  radical_JJ  scheme_NN  for_IO  altering_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  tax_NN  structure_NN  .  
  raising_VBG  the_AT1  revenue_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  a_AT1  major_JJ  administrative_JJ  miracle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  proposals_NNS  for_IO  change_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  labelled_VBN  practical_JJ  are_VBR  those_DD2  which_DDQ  involve_VV0  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  administrative_JJ  complications_NNS  when_CS set_VBN  beside_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  objectives_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  said_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nevertheless_RR  worthwhile_JJ  trying_VBG  to_TO  define_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  long-run_JB  objectives_NNS  towards_IO  which_DDQ  tax_NN  reformers_NNS  should_VM  aim_VV0  .  
  for_CS  although_CS  progress_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  slow_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_RR  less_RG  important_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  clear_JJ  idea_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  tax_NN  changes_NNS  should_VM  go_VV0    something_PN1  noticeably_RR  lacking_JJ  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  objectives_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  listed_VBN  like_IO  this_DD1  :_:  1_MC1    that_CS  the_AT1  system_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  efficient_JJ  .  2_MC    that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  fair_JJ  as_IO  between_II  one_MC1  taxpayer_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  .  3_MC    that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  encourage_VV0  personal_JJ  saving_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wider_JJ  spread_NN  of_IO  ownership_NN  of_IO  assets_NNS  and_CC  property_NN  .  4_MC    that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  contain_VV0  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  disincentive_NN  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS possible_JJ  should_VM  actively_RR  encourage_VV0  ,_,  risk-taking_NN  ,_,  enterprise_NN  ,_,  exports_NNS  and_CC  investment_NN  in_IO  efficient_JJ  production_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  four_MC  objectives_NNS  about_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  heard_VBN  most_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  disappointing_JJ  export_NN  performance_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  slow_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  expansion_NN  many_DA  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  turning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  taxation_NN  system_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  ,_,  citing_VBG  individual_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  strangely_RR  enough_RGA  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  here_RL  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  least_DA  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  system_NN  offends_VBZ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  grumbles_NNS  and_CC  complaints_NNS  are_VBR  too_RG  frequent_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  with_IO  direct_JJ  taxes_NNS  on_IO  income_NN  (_(  income_NN  tax_NN  and_CC  surtax_NN  )_)  and_CC  capital_NN  (_(  death_NN  duties_NNS  and_CC  stamp_NN  duty_NN  )_)  that_CS  we_PPIS2  will_VM  begin_VV0  .  
  when_CS talking_VBG  of_IO  our_APP$  highly_RR  progressive_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  we_PPIS2  often_RR  forget_VV0  that_DD1  below_IO  *+2,000_NNU  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  charged_VBN  at_IO  progressive_JJ  rates_NNS  over_IO  a_AT1  band_NN  of_IO  *+360_NNU  .  
  otherwise_RR  he_PPHO1  (_(  or_CC  she_PPHO1  )_)  is_VBZ  either_LE  paying_VBG  no_AT1  tax_NN  at_IO  all_DB  or_CC  the_AT1  full_JJ  standard_JJ  rate_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  first_MD  step_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  ascent_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  standard_JJ  rate_NN  more_RG  gentle_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  forbidding_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  millions_MC2  who_PNQS are_VBR  now_RL  attempting_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  further_RRR  up_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  ,_,  where_CS progression_NN  starts_VBZ  again_RR  with_IO  surtax_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  painful_JJ  transition_NN  periods_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  is_VBZ  when_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  start_VV0  writing_VBG  a_AT1  surtax_NN  cheque_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  having_VHG  tax_NN  taken_VBN  off_RP  by_IO  \0PAYE_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  obstacle_NN  in_IO  principle_NN  or_CC  in_IO  administration_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  surtax_NN  altogether_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  continuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  tax_NN  scale_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  even_RR  with_IO  this_DD1  change_NN  the_AT1  \0PAYE_NP  deductions_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  end_NN  would_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  at_IO  a_AT1  near-confiscatory_JB  rate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  objection_NN  to_IO  taking_VBG  away_RP  more_DA  than_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  15_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  every_AT1  pound_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  earns_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfair_JJ  or_CC  discouraging_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  decision_NN  makers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  the_AT1  imposition_NN  is_VBZ  grossly_RR  inefficient_JJ  .  
  businessmen_NNS  threatened_VBN  with_IO  these_DD2  high_JJ  rates_NNS  merely_RR  spend_VV0  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  time_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  accountants_NNS  seeing_VBG  how_CS their_APP$  incomes_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  range_NN  .  
  the_AT1  temptations_NNS  increase_VV0  to_TO  draw_VV0  benefits_NNS  in_IO  kind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  in_IO  unnecessary_JJ  business_NN  expenses_NNS  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  taxable_JJ  income_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  of_IO  placing_VBG  a_AT1  ceiling_NN  of_IO  15_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  *+_NNU  on_IO  direct_JJ  personal_JJ  taxation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  *+20_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  two_MC  other_DA  important_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  income_NN  taxation_NN  worry_VV0  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  the_AT1  tax_NN  status_NN  of_IO  married_JJ  women_NNS  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  husband_NN  and_CC  wife's_NN1$  combined_JJ  incomes_NNS  come_VV0  to_IO  less_DA  than_IO  *+2,100_NNU  (_(  where_CS surtax_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  married_JJ  couple_NN  without_IO  children_NNS  starts_VBZ  )_)  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  slight_JJ  advantage_NN  over_IO  single_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  above_IO  this_DD1  level_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  severely_RR  penalised_VBN  .  
  when_CS shortage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  checks_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  scope_NN  for_IO  increasing_VBG  output_NN  rapidly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  making_VBG  separate_JJ  assessments_NNS  seems_VBZ  particularly_RR  strong_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  of_IO  separate_JJ  assessments_NNS  for_IO  surtax_NN  (_(  or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  redefined_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  income_NN  tax_NN  above_IO  *+2,100_NNU  )_)  on_IO  earned_JJ  income_NN  alone_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  on_IO  investment_NN  income_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  *+4_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  encouraging_JJ  start_NN  .  
  capital_NN  gains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  source_NN  of_IO  concern_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  widely-held_JB  suspicion_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  professional_JJ  dealers_NNS  in_IO  property_NN  and_CC  shares_NNS  pay_VV0  no_AT1  taxes_NNS  since_CS  their_APP$    income_NN    is_VBZ  mostly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  untaxed_JJ  capital_NN  gains_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  from_IO  this_DD1  suspicion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  support_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  gains_NNS  tax_NN  comes_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  gains_NNS  tax_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  hits_VBZ  so_RG  many_DA  other_DA  things_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  including_VBG  small_JJ  savings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  working_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  market_NN  ,_,  besides_IO  being_VBG  of_IO  low_JJ  and_CC  uncertain_JJ  yield_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  recognised_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  best_NN  to_IO  much_RR  more_RG  radical_JJ  schemes_NNS  for_IO  transferring_VBG  the_AT1  main_JB  burden_NN  of_IO  taxation_NN  from_IO  income_NN  to_IO  expenditure_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  suggestion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  should_VM  apply_VV0  its_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  levy_VV0  tax_NN  more_RG  vigorously_RR  against_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS earn_VV0    regular_JJ    capital_NN  gains_NNS  raises_VBZ  almost_RR  insuperable_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  legal_JJ  definition_NN  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  capital_NN  gains_NNS  tax_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  obvious_JJ  deficiencies_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  without_IO  its_APP$  advocates_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  regard_VV0  it_PPH1  for_RR  ever_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  unmentionable_JJ  heresy_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  panacea_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  on_IO  purely_RR  empirical_JJ  grounds_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  raises_VBZ  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  taxes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  weaknesses_NNS  of_IO  conservative_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  its_APP$  reluctance_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  tax_NN  system_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  instrument_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  as_CS  its_APP$  labour_NN  predecessors_NNS  did_VDD  freely_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  conservatives_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  content_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  a_AT1  system_NN  which_DDQ  works_VBZ  directly_RR  against_IO  their_APP$  declared_JJ  objective_NN  of_IO  more_RG  widespread_JJ  property_NN  ownership_NN  .  
  estate_NN  duty_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  victims_NNS  of_IO  estate_NN  duty_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  yields_VBZ  about_RR  *+185_NNU  \0m_MC  )_)  are_VBR  not_XX  ageing_VBG  millionaires_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS can_VM  easily_RR  make_VV0  provision_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  paying_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  middle-aged_JJ  owners_NNS  of_IO  small_JJ  family_NN  firms_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  death_NN  often_RR  means_VBZ  the_AT1  liquidation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  death_NN  duties_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  45_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  rebate_NN  allowed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  assets_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  business_NN  ,_,  assessed_VBN  at_IO  market_NN  value_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tax_NN  should_VM  long_VV0  since_II  have_VH0  been_VBN  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  legacy_NN  duty_NN    duty_NN  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  inheritance_NN  received_VBN  rather_RR  than_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  left_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  actively_RR  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  property_NN  and_CC  would_VM  allow_VV0  small_JJ  firms_NNS  to_TO  pass_VV0  into_IO  wider_JJ  family_NN  ownership_NN  without_IO  forcing_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  close_VV0  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  estimate_VV0  how_CS much_DA  loss_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  revenue_NN  the_AT1  changeover_NN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  rates_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  involve_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  *+30_NNU  \0m_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  quoted_VBN  .  
  more_DA  incentives_NNS  .  
  further_JB  incentives_NNS  to_IO  small_JJ  savers_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  long_RR  overdue_JJ  .  
  stamp_NN  duty_NN  on_IO  share_NN  transactions_NNS  is_VBZ  prohibitively_RR  high_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  newcomer_NN  with_IO  less_DA  than_IO  *+500_NNU  to_TO  invest_VV0  and_CC  exemptions_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  sums_NNS  under_IO  this_DD1  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  really_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  people_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  saving_NN  and_CC  investing_NN  habit_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  without_IO  difficulty_NN  ,_,  go_VV0  further_RRR  and_CC  give_VV0  relief_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  slice_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual's_NN1$  income_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  investments_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  year_NN  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  concessions_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  to_IO  about_RR  *+50_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  this_DD1  still_RR  leaves_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  direct_JJ  taxation_NN  uncovered_JJ  company_NN  taxation_NN  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  net_JB  company_NN  profits_NNS  are_VBR  taxed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  standard_JJ  income_NN  tax_NN  rate_NN  plus_IO  a_AT1  12_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  profits_NNS  tax_NN  .  
  the_AT1  smoothing_NN  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  special_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    standard_JJ  rate_NN    or_CC  surtax_NN  levels_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  companies_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  taxed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  schedule_NN  .  
  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  candidate_NN  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  complicated_JJ  two-part_JB  system_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  investment_NN  allowance_NN  reliefs_NNS  )_)  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  straight_JJ  corporation_NN  tax_NN  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  added_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  flexibility_NN  (_(  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  varied_VBN  independently_RR  from_IO  personal_JJ  taxes_NNS  )_)  and_CC  speed_NN  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  assessed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  current_JJ  year_NN  basis_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  raise_VV0  certain_JJ  difficulties_NNS  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  double_JJ  taxation_NN  of_IO  dividends_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  have_VH0  been_VBN  successfully_RR  overcome_VBN  abroad_RR  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  ways_NNS  the_AT1  more_RG  painful_JJ  ,_,  inefficient_JJ  and_CC  discouraging_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  taxation_NN  system_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  modified_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  gloomiest_JJT  view_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  spare_VV0    just_RR  over_RR  *+100_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  but_CCB  little_DA  has_VHZ  yet_RR  been_VBN  said_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  might_VM  start_VV0  shifting_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  from_IO  income_NN  and_CC  earning_NN  (_(  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  pool_NN  )_)  on_RP  to_IO  spending_VBG  (_(  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  about_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  existing_JJ  indirect_JJ  tax_NN  ,_,  purchase_NN  tax_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  discussion_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  usefully_RR  combined_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  finance_NN  .  
  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  budget_NN    2_MC  .  
  why_CS not_XX  a_AT1  local_JJ  sales_NNS  tax_VV0  .  
  David_NP  Howell_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  more_DA  taxes_NNS  on_IO  spending_NN  is_VBZ  canvassed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  overlooked_VBN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  already_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  sales_NNS  tax_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  purchase_NN  tax_NN  .  
  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  yield_NN  from_IO  purchase_NN  tax_NN  in_IO  1960-61_MC-MC  is_VBZ  *+535_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  revenue_NN  from_IO  customs_NNS  and_CC  excise_NN  duty_NN  on_IO  tobacco_NN  ,_,  beer_NN  and_CC  spirits_NNS  is_VBZ  *+1,229_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  taxes_NNS  on_IO  spending_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  oil_NN  tax_NN  and_CC  tariff_NN  charges_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  together_RR  have_VH0  an_AT1  estimated_JJ  yield_NN  of_IO  *+580_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  thus_RR  any_DD  suggestions_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  impost_NN  on_IO  spending_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sales_NNS  tax_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  with_IO  these_DD2  important_JJ  taxes_NNS  firmly_RR  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  purchase_NN  tax_NN  ,_,  at_IO  four_MC  rates_NNS  varying_VBG  from_IO  five_MC  to_IO  50_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  spreads_VBZ  its_APP$  net_NN  so_RG  wide_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  simpler_JJ  to_TO  list_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  items_NNS  not_XX  affected_VBN  .  
  food_NN  and_CC  sweets_NNS  ,_,  fuel_NN  and_CC  light_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  taxed_VBN  ;_;  nor_CC  are_VBR  books_NNS  ,_,  magazines_NNS  ,_,  children's_NN2  clothes_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  kitchen_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  sheets_NNS  and_CC  towels_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  services_NNS  bear_VV0  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  consumer_NN  durables_NNS  is_VBZ  affected_VBN  ;_;  so_PN1  are_VBR  most_DA  household_NN  goods_NNS  and_CC  appliances_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  cosmetics_NNS  ,_,  radios_NNS  ,_,  records_NNS  ,_,  jewellery_NN  ,_,  toys_NNS  ,_,  cameras_NNS  ,_,  carpets_NNS  ,_,  wallpaper_NN  ,_,  most_DA  clothes_NNS  ,_,  hats_NNS  ,_,  gloves_NNS  and_CC  furniture_NN  .  
  thus_RR  if_CS  goods_NNS  alone_RR  are_VBR  considered_VBN  ,_,  few_DA  items_NNS  are_VBR  free_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  spending_NN  tax_NN  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  that_PNQS are_VBR  include_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rightly_RR  considered_VBN  undesirable_JJ  to_TO  tax_VV0  .  
  for_IO  these_DD2  reasons_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  argued_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  move_NN  towards_IO  a_AT1  sales_NNS  tax_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  modify_VV0  the_AT1  purchase-tax_NN  system_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  percentage_NN  rate_NN  tax_NN  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  administratively_RR  possible_JJ  and_CC  right_JJ  in_IO  principle_NN  to_TO  tax_VV0  .  
  high_JJ  and_CC  wide_JJ  .  
  some_DD  calculations_NNS  were_VBDR  done_VBN  for_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Amory_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Chancellor_NNSB1  on_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  was_VBDZ  reached_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  sales_NNS  tax_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  widest_JJT  possible_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  levied_VBN  at_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  to_TO  yield_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  revenue_NN  as_IO  purchase_NN  tax_NN  .  
    the_AT1  widest_JJT  possible_JJ  range_NN    chosen_VBN  could_VM  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  wider_JJ  .  
  some_DD  consumer_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  clothing_NN  ,_,  furniture_NN  and_CC  luxury_NN  food_NN  items_NNS  ,_,  taxed_VBN  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  excluded_VBN  .  
  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  not_XX  been_VBN  a_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  about_RR  17_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  reached_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  still_RR  impracticably_RR  high_JJ  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  would_VM  replace_VV0  purchase_NN  tax_NN  alone_RR  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  wished_VVD  to_TO  reduce_VV0  income_NN  tax_NN  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sales_NNS  tax_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  above_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  trouble_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  approach_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  inevitably_RR  points_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  its_APP$  assumption_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  sales_NNS  tax_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  major_JJ  revenue-raiser_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  government_NN  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  where_CS a_AT1  sales_NNS  tax_NN  has_VHZ  worked_VBN  most_RG  successfully_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  employed_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  revenue_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  or_CC  provincial_JJ  government_NN  .  
  now_RL  who_PNQS  's_VBZ  tipped_VBN  for_IO  \0no_NN  10_MC  .  
  by_IO  Walter_NP  Terry_NP  .  
  with_IO  one_MC1  mighty_JJ  spurt_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  has_VHZ  dashed_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  rut_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  for_IO  real_JJ  power_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  .  
  in_IO  so_RG  intensive_JJ  a_AT1  contest_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  all_DB  is_VBZ  to_TO  judge_VV0  one's_$  timing_NN  properly_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  this_DD1  superbly_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  budget_NN  .  
  once_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  non-starter_NN  .  
  today_NN1  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  running_VBG  well_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  towards_IO  \0no_NN  10_MC  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  wait_VV0  a_AT1  minute_NN    Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  Liverpool_NP  lawyer_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  contemptuously_RR  described_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  back_RP  ,_,  as_IO  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  laughable_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  used_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  could_VM  hardly_RR  make_VV0  a_AT1  decent_JJ  speech_NN  ,_,  fluffing_VBG  and_CC  floundering_VBG  over_IO  a_AT1  dreary_JJ  brief_NN  .  
  dominant_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  as_IO  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  ridiculous_JJ  no_RR  more_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  thought_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  struck_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Butler_NP  ,_,  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  and_CC  apparently_RR  the_AT1  heir_NN  to_IO  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  for_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  old_JJ  nerves_NNS  gone_VBN  and_CC  seemingly_RR  dominant_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  political_JJ  career_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  impact_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tories_NNS  of_IO  Westminster_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  budget_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  detail_NN  ,_,  specially_RR  the_AT1  payroll_NN  tax_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  key_JB  significance_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  a_AT1  tory_JJ  leader_NN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  programme_NN  to_IO  Butlerism_NN1  .  
  for_IO  years_NNS  many_DA  conservatives_NNS  ,_,  disgruntled_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  quite_RR  clear_JJ  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  searching_VBG  for_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  match_VV0  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  ,_,  radical-type_JB  toryism_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  has_VHZ  inspired_VBN  .  
  unafraid_JJ  .  
  dramatically_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  has_VHZ  emerged_VBN    a_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  willing_JJ  to_TO  grapple_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  ,_,  unafraid_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  politician_NN  of_IO  endurance_NN  (_(  as_CS  proved_VBN  over_IO  Suez_NP  )_)  ,_,  able_JJ  also_RR  to_TO  produce_VV0  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  that_PNQS can_VM  excite_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd's_PPIO2  timing_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  miraculously_RR  fortunate_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  budget_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  immediately_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  fared_VVD  badly_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  humanitarian_NN  who_PNQS dislikes_VBZ  corporal_JJ  punishment_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  openly_RR  flouted_VBN  by_IO  69_MC  tories_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  conservative_JJ  revolt_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  next_DA  day_NN  another_DD1  15_MC  disobeyed_VVD  his_APP$  advice_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Wedgwood_NP  Benn_NP  affair_NN  .  
  result_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  weekend_NN  :_:  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler's_PPIO2  stock_NN  suffered_VVD  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  drop_NN  .  
  then_RL  into_IO  the_AT1  limelight_NN  stepped_VVD  Selwyn_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  deserving_JJ  candidate_NN  for_IO  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  in_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  so_PN1  are_VBR  many_DA  other_DA  prominent_JJ  contenders_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  premiership_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  radical_JJ  sector_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  supremely_RR  able_JJ  but_CCB  facing_VBG  frightful_JJ  dilemmas_NNS  as_IO  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  is_VBZ  set_VBN  back_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  revolt_NN  ,_,  inspired_VBN  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  against_IO  his_APP$  Africa_NP  policies_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Reginald_NP  Maudling_NP  ,_,  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  disappointed_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  tempted_VBN  by_IO  Beeching-sized_JJ  offers_NNS  to_TO  leave_VV0  politics_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  into_IO  business_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Heath_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Privy_NNSB1  Seal_NNSB1  and_CC  deputy_NN  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  has_VHZ  not_XX  succeeded_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  in_IO  turning_VBG  his_APP$  shadowy_JJ  role_NN  into_IO  substance_NN  .  
  and_CC  Viscount_NNSB1  Hailsham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  radical_JJ  tory_NN  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  dislike_VV0  being_VBG  labelled_VBN  a_AT1  left-winger_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  dumps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  whimsically_RR  named_VBN  ministry_NN  for_IO  science_NN  .  
  cast_VV0  a_AT1  glance_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  wing_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  there_RL  that_CS  success_NN  lies_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Home_NP  is_VBZ  wielding_VBG  immense_JJ  power_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  .  
  Duncan_NP  Sandys_NP  works_VBZ  quietly_RR  as_IO  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  office_NN  ;_;  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Brooke_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  promotion_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  his_APP$  due_NN  .  
  over_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  silent_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  future_NN  .  
  in_IO  about_RR  18_MC  months_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  intends_VBZ  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  another_DD1  term_NN  of_IO  office_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  election_NN  or_CC  make_VV0  way_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  successor_NN  .  
  adored_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  never_RR  given_VBN  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  indication_NN  who_PNQS he_PPHO1  considers_VBZ  should_VM  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  office_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  presumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  .  
  in_IO  everything_PN1  but_IO  title_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  deputy_NN  Premier_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  holds_VBZ  the_AT1  reins_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  over_IO  party_NN  and_CC  domestic_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler's_PPIO2  everlasting_JJ  disadvantage_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  undercurrent_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  after_IO  Suez_NP  it_PPH1  rose_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  to_TO  rob_VV0  him_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  premiership_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  still_RR  lies_VBZ  waiting_VBG  (_(  though_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  able_JJ  fellow_NN  at_IO  winning_VBG  friends_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  )_)  for_IO  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  cheat_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  now_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  sponsoring_VBG  a_AT1  budget_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  strictly_RR  right_JJ  wing_NN  ,_,  adored_VBN  by_IO  tory_JJ  constituency_NN  parties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  intimate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  with_IO  just_RR  as_RG  much_DA  power_NN  and_CC  authority_NN  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ever_RR  had_VHD  .  
  clever_JJ  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  owes_VBZ  it_PPH1  all_DB  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  .  
  as_IO  foreign_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  sacked_VBN  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  .  
  hardly_RR  anyone_PN1  would_VM  have_VH0  wept_VBN  .  
  uphill_RR  ,_,  against_IO  current_JJ  thinking_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  promoted_VBN  Chancellor_NNSB1  by_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  maybe_RR  a_AT1  scheme_NN  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  to_IO  fruition_NN  .  
  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  grooming_VBG  Selwyn_NP  all_RR  along_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  office_NN  of_IO  all_DB  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  plenty_NN  of_IO  tories_NNS  now_RL  who_PNQS are_VBR  ready_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  very_RG  clever_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  uncanny_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO  thinking_VBG  years_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  .  
  intimately_RR  revealed_VBN  .  France's_PPIO2  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  and_CC  the_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  his_APP$  sight_NN  is_VBZ  failing_VBG  but_CCB  not_XX  his_APP$  vision_NN  .  .  
  by_IO  Maurice_NP  Edelman_NP  \0M_NNSB1  \0P_NPT"  .  
  has_VHZ  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  lost_VVD  his_APP$  grip_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  old_JJ  chieftain_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  won_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  battles_NNS  and_CC  crushed_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  revolts_NNS  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  eaten_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  warriors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tribe_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  for_IO  17_MC  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  first_RR  met_VVD  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  young_JJ  ,_,  defiant_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  French_NP2  ,_,  in_IO  Algiers_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  putsch_NN  against_IO  General_NNSB1  Giraud_NP  .  
  since_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  fascinated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  paradoxical_JJ  personality_NN  of_IO  France's_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  leader_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  the_AT1  strength_NN  left_VBN  now_RL  in_IO  1961_MC  to_TO  pull_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  again_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  .  
  his_APP$  power_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  curious_JJ  contradictions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  professional_JJ  soldier_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  ,_,  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  called_VBN  on_RP  to_TO  resist_VV0  the_AT1  French_JJ  army_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  devout_JJ  Roman_JJ  catholic_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  drawing_VBG  on_IO  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  anti-clerical_JJ  left_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  often_RR  accused_VBN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  dictator_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  today_NN1  fighting_VBG  a_AT1  battle_NN  against_IO  militant_JJ  dictatorship_NN  .  
  his_APP$  integrity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  army_NN  is_VBZ  ranged_VBN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  concentrated_JJ  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NN  is_VBZ  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  a_AT1  respect_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  integrity_NN  which_DDQ  no_AT1  French_JJ  soldier_NN  or_CC  civilian_NN  has_VHZ  commanded_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  .  
  physically_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sick_JJ  man_NN  .  
  his_APP$  sight_NN  is_VBZ  failing_VBG  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  suffers_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  cataract_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  eyes_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  principal_JB  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  never_RR  speaks_VBZ  with_IO  notes_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  read_VV0  them_PPHO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  memorises_VBZ  all_DB  his_APP$  speeches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  England_NP  in_IO  1959_MC  I_PPIS1  congratulated_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  his_APP$  memory_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  good_JJ  ever_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  philosophy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Jesuit_NN1  College_NNL1  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Cyr_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  French_JJ  Sandhurst_NP  .  
  spectacles_NNS  could_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  for_IO  his_APP$  eyesight_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  wear_VV0  them_PPHO1  because_IO  of_II  a_AT1  pardonable_JJ  vanity_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  him_PPHO1  feel_VV0  that_CS  spectacles_NNS  are_VBR  unsuitable_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  fulfilling_VBG  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  soldier-father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NN  .  
  as_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  man_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  father_NN  who_PNQS each_DD1  Sunday_NN1  visits_VBZ  the_AT1  grave_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  daughter_NN  Anne_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  medieval_JJ  church_NN  of_IO  Colombey-les-deux-Eglises_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  figure_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  and_CC  Frenchwoman_NN1  understand_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS even_RR  the_AT1  communists_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS number_VV0  millions_MC2  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  although_CS  officially_RR  opposing_VBG  him_PPHO1  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  referendum_NN  which_DDQ  endorsed_VVD  his_APP$  Algerian_JJ  solution_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  in_IO  very_RG  many_DA  cases_NNS  his_APP$  secret_JJ  backers_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_IO  1945_MC  the_AT1  communist_JJ  ,_,  socialist_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  catholic_JJ  trade_NN  unions_NNS  have_VH0  rallied_VBN  in_IO  agreement_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  provide_VV0  the_AT1  active_JJ  leadership_NN  and_CC  civilian_JJ  resistance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Algiers_NP  mutiny_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  inert_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  middle_JB  classes_NNS    the_AT1  attentistes_&FW  or_CC  fence_NN  sitters_NNS    are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  offer_VV0  and_CC  which_DDQ  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  expect_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  like_IO  most_RG  supremely_RR  powerful_JJ  men_NNS  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$    destiny_NN  .    
  his_APP$  nature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  himself_PPX1  marked_VBN  out_RP  as_IO  the_AT1  saviour_NN  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  often_RR  dangerous_JJ  and_CC  adventurous_JJ  life_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  possesses_VBZ  the_AT1    baraka_&FW  ,_,    an_AT1  Arab_JJ  word_NN  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  the_AT1  divine_JJ  blessing_NN  which_DDQ  protects_VBZ  its_APP$  bearer_NN  from_IO  evil_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  Joan_NP  of_IO  Arc_NP  mentality_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  clouds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  balanced_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  icy_JJ  ,_,  calculating_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  quality_NN  he_PPHO1  learned_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  teacher_NN  of_IO  philosophy_NN  at_IO  Lille_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  predictable_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  once_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  his_APP$  position_NN  clear_JJ  all_DB  his_APP$  actions_NNS  flow_VV0  logically_RR  from_IO  that_DD1  position_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  yield_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  blackmail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  insubordinate_JJ  generals_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  policy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  strange_JJ  mixture_NN  of_IO  mysticism_NN  and_CC  rational_JJ  logic_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  his_APP$  most_RG  powerful_JJ  contradiction_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  mystic_NN  (_(  a_AT1  quality_NN  inherited_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  )_)  he_PPHO1  regards_VBZ  himself_PPX1  as_IO  France's_PPIO2  predestined_JJ  deliverer_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  rationalist_NN  (_(  inherited_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  )_)  he_PPHO1  anticipated_VVD  the_AT1  Algiers_NP  revolt_NN  by_IO  rallying_VBG  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  making_VBG  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  Algerian_JJ  policy_NN  a_AT1  straight_JJ  one_MC1  between_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  soldiers_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  vested_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  war_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  vested_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  peace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  word_NN  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  with_IO  the_AT1  army_NN    not_XX  the_AT1  clique_NN  of_IO  Salan_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  army_NN  of_IO  conscript_NN  soldiers_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  hearts_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  their_APP$  families_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  mainland_NN  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  this_DD1  Clore_NP  touch_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Hall_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  listening_VBG  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clore_NP  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cotton_NP  .  
    in_IO  cities_NNS  and_CC  towns_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  grubby_JJ  Victorian_JJ  buildings_NNS  sitting_VBG  on_IO  magnificent_JJ  central_JJ  sites_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
    sites_NNS  worth_IO  millions_MC2  ,_,  asking_VBG  for_IO  redevelopment_NN  ,_,  begging_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  buildings_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  razed_VBN  and_CC  replaced_VBN  with_IO  new_JJ  money-spinners_NNS  .    
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0Cs_NP2  speaking_VBG    or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  property_NN  tycoon_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Reginald_NP  Bevins_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Postmaster-General_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  about_IO    our_APP$  post_NN  offices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  the_AT1  shabby_JJ  relics_NNS  of_IO  another_DD1  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  plans_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  Clore-Cotton_NP  treatment_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  firm_NN  of_IO  specialists_NNS  make_VV0  a_AT1  pilot_NN  survey_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  encouraging_JJ  .  
  in_IO  site_NN  after_IO  site_NN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  collect_VV0  ,_,  money_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  put_VV0  to_IO  good_JJ  use_NN  improving_VBG  our_APP$  services_NNS  .    
  property_NN  tycoonery_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0G.P.O_NP    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  happening_VBG  .  
  just_RR  this_DD1  :_:  
  after_IO  years_NNS  of_IO  subservience_NN  the_AT1  \0G.P.O_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  liberated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  clutches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  free_JJ  as_CS  makes_VBZ  no_AT1  matter_NN  to_TO    go_VV0  it_PPH1  alone_JJ    as_IO  a_AT1  strictly_RR  business_NN  concern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bevins'_PPIO2  aim_NN  .  
  from_IO  here_RL  on_RP  we_PPIS2  can_VM  call_VV0  it_PPH1  the_AT1  \0G.P.O_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  fall_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  unofficial_JJ  title_NN  the_AT1  \0G.P.O_NP  staff_NN  have_VH0  given_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bevins_NP  .  
  to_IO  them_PPHO1  this_DD1  52-year-old_JB  ex-elementary_JB  schoolboy_NN  from_IO  Liverpool_NP  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  the_AT1  \0P.M.G_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  his_APP$  guardsman's_NN1$  silhouette_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  iron-grey_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  quiet_JJ  ,_,  incisive_JJ  speech_NN  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  the_AT1  part_NN  too_RR    executive_JJ  director_NN  model_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  \0G.P.O_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    although_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  state_NN  monopoly_NN  our_APP$  aim_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  competitive_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  rivals_NNS  breathing_VBG  down_IO  our_APP$  necks_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  means_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  almost_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ties_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  severed_VBN  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  a_AT1  directive_NN  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  pretty_RR  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  customer-is-always-right_JB  precept_NN  .  
  changing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  odd_JJ  telephone_NN  operator_NN  who_PNQS snaps_VBZ  at_IO  us_PPIO2   ;_;  the_AT1  occasional_JJ  clerk_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  counter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  who_PNQS glares_VBZ  when_CS we_PPIS2  fumble_VV0  or_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  quite_RR  sure_JJ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  :_:  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  is_VBZ  after_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  from_IO  June_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  except_IO  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  post_NN  offices_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  segregation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  counters_NNS  :_:  no_AT1  segregation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  stamps_NNS  ,_,  postal_JJ  orders_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  both_DB2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  march_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  any_DD  station_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  counter_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  assistant_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  about_IO  television_NN    colour_NN  television_NN  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  need_NN  to_TO  disperse_VV0  immigrants_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    while_CS  I_PPIS1  fully_RR  endorse_VV0  your_APP$  attitude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  immigrants_NNS  bill_NN  ,_,  and_CC  am_VBM  repelled_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  supporters_NNS  who_PNQS detergently_RR  echo_VV0  the_AT1  racialist_JJ  slogan_NN  ,_,      keep_VV0  Britain_NP  white_JJ  ,_,    nevertheless_RR  I_PPIS1  urge_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  particular_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  immigrants_NNS  from_IO  any_DD  source_NN  crowding_VBG  into_IO  congested_JJ  areas_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  evaded_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  at_IO  present_NN  affect_VV0  my_APP$  own_DA  constituency_NN  of_IO  Leyton_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  areas_NNS  where_CS immigrants_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  find_VV0  lodging_NN  under_IO  deplorable_JJ  circumstances_NNS  or_CC  by_IO  acquiring_VBG  houses_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  occupied_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  reasonable_JJ  accommodation_NN  for_IO  many_DA  weary_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  hospitality_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  virtue_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  when_CS the_AT1  guests_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  sleep_VV0  in_IO  rows_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cellar_NN  !_!  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  some_DD  returning_JJ  immigrants_NNS  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  bitterly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  wretched_JJ  conditions_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  compelled_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  forget_VV0  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  plight_NN  also_RR  of_IO  white_JJ  brethren_NNS  .  
  surely_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  alike_RR  of_IO  our_APP$  indigenous_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  immigrants_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  made_VBN  and_CC  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  economic_JJ  needs_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  imperative_JJ  to_TO  enforce_VV0  dispersal_NN  of_IO  newcomers_NNS  to_IO  less_RG  congested_JJ  areas_NNS  and_CC  substantially_RR  to_TO  expand_VV0  house-building_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  done_VBN  reprehensible_JJ  racial_JJ  prejudice_NN  will_VM  ,_,  alas_UH  ,_,  be_VB0  encouraged_VBN  and_CC  mischievously_RR  exploited_VBN  .    
  yours_PP$  \0etc_RR  ,_,  \0R_NP  \0W_NP  Sorensen_NP  .  
  house_NN  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  polarisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    nothing_PN1  could_VM  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  polarisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  more_RG  aptly_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sylvia_NP  Brooks_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS claims_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hornsey_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  and_CC  bitterly_RR  attacks_VBZ  a_AT1  speech_NN  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  guest_NN  speaker_NN  in_IO  Hornsey_NP  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  attributes_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  words_NNS      the_AT1  worst_JJT  country_NN  under_IO  socialism_NN  is_VBZ  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  country_NN  under_IO  capitalism_NN  ,_,    and_CC  then_RL  claims_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  will_VM  only_RR  flourish_VV0  when_CS it_PPH1  gets_VBZ  rid_VBN  of_IO  people_NNS  like_IO  myself_PPX1  who_PNQS   consider_VV0  freedom_NN  relatively_RR  unimportant_JJ  .    
  fortunately_RR  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  speech_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  refers_VBZ  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1    Hornsey_NP  journal_NN    which_DDQ  quotes_VBZ  me_PPIO1  correctly_RR  as_CS  saying_VBG  :_:  
    the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  have_VH0  proved_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  backward_JJ  totalitarian_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  socialism_NN  is_VBZ  superior_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  decadent_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  capitalism_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  in_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  world_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  alternative_NN  to_IO  communism_NN  is_VBZ  democratic_JJ  socialism_NN  with_IO  planning_NN  and_CC  freedom_NN  combined_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  issue_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  the_AT1  people_NNS  to_TO  see_VV0  this_DD1  in_IO  time_NN  .    
  does_VBZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Brooks_NP  think_VV0  it_PPH1  really_RR  helps_VBZ  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  seek_VV0  to_TO  smear_VV0  me_PPIO1  by_IO  deliberate_JJ  and_CC  malicious_JJ  misrepresentation_NN  .    
  yours_PP$  truly_RR  ,_,  \0R_NP  \0H_NP  \0S_NP  Crossman_NP  .  
  house_NN  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  anomalies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  wage_NN  pause_NN  policy_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  failure_NN  to_TO  convince_VV0  the_AT1  nation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wage_NN  pause_NN  very_RG  largely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  failure_NN  to_TO  present_VV0  a_AT1  policy_NN  with_IO  conviction_NN  ,_,  clarity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  imagination_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1    plain_JJ  man_NN    expected_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  recent_JJ  forecast_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  *+20_NNU  minimum_JJ  wage_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  lowest_RBT  paid_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  ten_MC  years'_NN2  time_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  undertaking_NN  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Robens_NP  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  that_CS  coal_NN  prices_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  rise_VV0  for_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  (_(  broken_VBN  this_DD1  very_DA  morning_NN  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  repeated_JJ  warnings_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  will_VM  demand_VV0  real_JJ  competitive_JJ  pricing_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  products_NNS    and_CC  all_DB  this_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pay_NN    pause_NN    .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  plain_JJ  man_NN  can_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  country's_NN1$  future_NN  can_VM  possibly_RR  depend_VV0  upon_IO  a_AT1  pause_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pay_NN  claims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  asserted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  pause_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  vital_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  country's_NN1$  economy_NN  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  invite_VV0  us_PPIO2   all_DB  to_TO  share_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  why_CS does_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  government_NN  begin_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  voluntary_JJ  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  cut_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tax-free_JJ  pay_NN  of_IO  \0MPs_NNSB2  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  the_AT1  Churchillian_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  must_VM  make_VV0  up_RP  its_APP$  mind_NN  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  a_AT1  stable_JJ  economy_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  fluctuating_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  whether_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  continue_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  (_(  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  *+20_NNU  minimum_NN  )_)  or_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  stabilised_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  so_RG  easily_RR  could_VM  be_VB0  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  crux_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  surely_RR  not_XX  wages_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  spending_NN  power_NN  .  
  the_AT1  higher_JJ  income_NN  groups_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  incomes_NNS  are_VBR  derived_VBN  from_IO  sources_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  wages_NNS  are_VBR  deliberately_RR  put_VBN  outside_IO  this_DD1  pause_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  common_JJ  knowledge_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  groups_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  groups_NNS  ,_,  spend_VV0  lavishly_RR  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  government_NN  to_TO  ignore_VV0  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  create_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  opposition_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  far_RR  wider_JJ  than_IO  party_NN  scale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  only_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  half-hearted_JJ  appeals_NNS  .    
  yours_PP$  \0etc_RR  ,_,  \0S_NP  \0J_NP  Streek_NP  .  
  Holmbridge_NP  Vicarage_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Huddersfield_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    how_CS silly_JJ  can_VM  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  official_NN  really_RR  believes_VBZ  that_CS    money_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  England_NP    just_RR  as_CS  jackets_NNS  and_CC  raincoats_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  stores_NNS  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pay_NN  pause_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  take_VV0  some_DD  lessons_NNS  in_IO  elementary_JJ  economics_NN  .  
  yours_PP$  \0etc_RR  ,_,  Leonard_NP  Cohen_NP  .  
  112_MC  Wythenshawe_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Manchester_NP  23_MC  .  
  \0BEA_NP  services_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  the_AT1    guardian_NN    of_IO  November_NN1  24_MC  Lord_NNSB1  Douglas_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  Toothill_NP  committee's_NN1$  report_NN  on_IO  \0BEA_NP  services_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  that_CS      for_IO  sheer_JB  ingratitude_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  report_NN  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  beat_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  further_RR  reported_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  subsidised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  profitable_JJ  \0BEA_NP  continental_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  place_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Toothill_NP  report_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  waste-paper_JB  basket_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  waste-paper_JB  basket_NN  is_VBZ  Lord_NNSB1  Douglas's_PPIO2  filing_JJ  cabinet_NN  for_IO  many_DA  good_JJ  ideas_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  presented_VBN  to_IO  \0BEA_NP  .  
  but_CCB  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  carrier_NN  system_NN  which_DDQ  operates_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  basis_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  adequate_JJ  service_NN  to_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  or_CC  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  only_RR  obliged_VBN  to_TO  offer_VV0  service_NN  where_CS profitable_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  to_TO  offset_VV0  the_AT1  losses_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  line_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  profits_NNS  of_IO  another_DD1  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Douglas_NP  is_VBZ  so_RG  distressed_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  incurred_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  why_CS has_VHZ  \0BEA_NP  been_VBN  so_RG  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  allow_VV0  any_DD  other_DA  airlines_NNS  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  service_NN  .  
  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  \0BEA_NP  towards_IO  internal_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  London_NP  booking_NN  office_NN  .  
  vast_JJ  gleaming_JJ  counters_NNS  await_VV0  the_AT1  prospective_JJ  continental_JJ  traveller_NN  .  
  the_AT1  internal_JJ  passengers_NNS  need_VV0  a_AT1  native_JJ  guide_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  gods_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  booking_NN  counter_NN  allotted_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Douglas's_PPIO2  information_NN  ,_,  Scotland_NP  extends_VBZ  beyond_IO  Edinburgh_NP  and_CC  Glasgow_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  Aberdeen_NP  ,_,  Inverness_NP  ,_,  Wick_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  islands_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  holiday_NN  season_NN  or_CC  new_JJ  year_NN  holiday_NN  a_AT1  passenger_NN  can_VM  get_VV0  from_IO  London_NP  to_IO  Edinburgh_NP  with_IO  only_RR  a_DA  little_DA  difficulty_NN  .  
  but_CCB  farther_RRR  north_NN1  .  
  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  book_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  six_MC  weeks_NNS  in_IO  advance_NN  .  
  put_VV0  on_RP  extra_JJ  flights_NNS  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  another_DD1  idea_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  waste-paper_JB  basket_NN  .  
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  Mark_NP  Murray_NP  Threipland_NP  .  
  Dale_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Halkirk_NP  ,_,  Caithness_NP  .  
  deceived_VBN  by_IO  Hitler_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0H_NP  \0S_NP  Crossman_NP  proclaims_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  article_NN  in_IO  Monday's_NP1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    guardian_NN    :_:  
    the_AT1  white-washing_NN  of_IO  Chamberlain_NP  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  claim_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  deceived_VBN  by_IO  Hitler_NP  and_CC  never_RR  believed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  peace_NN  settlement_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  ,_,  March_NN1  23_MC  ,_,  1942_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  joint_JB  consultation_NN  board_NN  of_IO  standard_JJ  telephone_NN  and_CC  cables_NNS  held_VVD  its_APP$  fourth_MD  ordinary_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  minutes_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  meeting_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  visitor_NN  was_VBDZ  Air-Commodore_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Leedham_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  talk_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  Chamberlain_NP  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  Munich_NP  ,_,  requested_VVD  that_CS  20_MC  \0RDF_NP  stations_NNS  be_VB0  established_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  April_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Chamberlain_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  trust_VV0  Hitler_NP  ;_;  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  request_VV0  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  stations_NNS  .    
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  Paul_NP  \0D_NP  \0C_NP  Hudson_NP  .  
  Exeter_NP  .  
  a_AT1  radical_JJ  alliance_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    may_VM  I_PPIS1  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  active_JJ  liberal_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  constituency_NN  ,_,  sympathise_VV0  most_RG  warmly_RR  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Buchanan's_PPIO2  plea_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  liberal-labour_JB  election_NN  arrangement_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  post-Moss_JB  Side_NP  ,_,  post-Oswestry_JB  ,_,  and_CC  cosy_JJ  liberal_JJ  optimism_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  years_NNS  yet_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  party_NN  can_VM  form_VV0  a_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  while_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  unique_JJ  event_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  labour_NN  majority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  \0Lib.-Lab_NP  pact_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  ;_;  not_XX  coalition_NN  but_CCB  coalescence_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  hope_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  radicals_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  sprinkled_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  three_MC  parties_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  one_MC1  day_NN  be_VB0  united_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  party_NN  may_VM  find_VV0  itself_PPX1  the_AT1  anchor_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  radical_JJ  alliance_NN  .    
  yours_PP$  sincerely_RR  ,_,  \0J_NP  Mackay_NP  Cousins_NP  ,_,  political_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  Brentford_NP  and_CC  Chiswick_NP  young_JJ  liberals_NNS  .  
  33_MC  Mayfield_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Chiswick_NP  ,_,  London_NP  \0W_NP  4_MC  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  for_IO  drugs_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    if_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Corina_NP  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  two_MC  mutually_RR  exclusive_JJ  propositions_NNS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  advised_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  publish_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  journal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  month_NN  .  
  on_IO  November_NN1  9_MC  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  :_:  
    since_CS  price_NN  restraint_NN  became_VVD  operative_JJ  the_AT1  industry_NN  has_VHZ  won_VBN  success_NN  in_IO  export_NN  markets_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  must_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  price_NN  restraint_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  (_(  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  price_NN  regulation_NN  scheme_NN  )_)  resulted_VVD  in_IO  substantially_RR  increased_JJ  drug_NN  exports_NNS  after_IO  1957_MC  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  twelve_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  :_:  
    in_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  1957-59_MC-MC  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  exports_NNS  fell_VVD  by_IO  1.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .    
  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  propositions_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  incorrect_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Corina_NP  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Hinchliffe_NP  report_NN    showed_VVD  quite_RR  clearly_RR    that_CS  between_IO  1949-50_MC-MC  and_CC  1959-60_MC-MC  the_AT1  total_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  rose_VVD  by_IO  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  unable_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  this_DD1  reference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  report_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  surprising_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  1959_MC  and_CC  its_APP$  latest_JJT  reference_NN  to_IO  costs_NNS  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  year_NN  1957-58_MC-MC  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Hinchliffe_NP  report_NN  does_VBZ  say_VV0  on_IO  page_NN  27_MC  ,_,  paragraph_NN  63_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  :_:  
    these_DD2  figures_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  support_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pharmaceutical_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  increasing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  faster_JJ  rate_NN  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  other_DA  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  or_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  absorbing_VBG  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  .    
  if_CS  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  drug_NN  bill_NN  is_VBZ    phenomenal_JJ    the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  bill_NN  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  phenomenal_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  both_DB2  have_VH0  gone_VBN  up_RP  at_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  rate_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  book_NN  ,_,    health_NN  through_IO  choice_NN  ,_,    \0Dr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0S_NP  Lees_NP  ,_,  senior_JJ  lecturer_NN  in_IO  economics_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  College_NNL1  of_IO  north_NN1  Staffordshire_NP  states_VBZ  :_:  
    between_IO  1949-50_MC-MC  and_CC  1959-60_MC-MC  .  health_NN  expenditure_NN  fell_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  service_NN  expenditure_NN  from_IO  28_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  to_IO  23_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  gross_JJ  national_JJ  product_NN  from_IO  4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  to_IO  3.9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  extravagant_JJ  ,_,  expenditure_NN  on_IO  \0NHS_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  less_DA  than_CS  consumers_NNS  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  to_TO  spend_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  market_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  therefore_RR  comes_VBZ  as_IO  no_AT1  shock_NN  to_TO  read_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  Lees's_PPIO2  conclusion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  drug_NN  bill_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  that_DD1  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  furore_NN  over_IO  drug_NN  costs_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  misplaced_VBN  .      
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  Ronald_NP  \0C_NP  Clark_NP  ,_,  Director_NNSB1  Smith_NP  Kline_NP  and_CC  French_NP  laboratories_NNS  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  Welwyn_NP  Garden_NNL1  City_NNL1  .  
  diplomacy_NN  and_CC  trade_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    during_IO  extensive_JJ  travelling_NN  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  seeking_VBG  export_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  often_RR  criticised_VBN  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  facilities_NNS  accorded_VBN  to_IO  business_NN  men_NNS  by_IO  some_DD  British_JJ  embassies_NNS  and_CC  our_APP$  official_JJ  commercial_JJ  representatives_NNS  in_IO  foreign_JJ  capitals_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  pay_VV0  tribute_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  embassies_NNS  in_IO  Spain_NP  and_CC  Portugal_NP  for_IO  providing_VBG  examples_NNS  of_IO  just_RR  what_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_TO  foster_VV0  British_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  held_VVD  receptions_NNS  for_IO  leading_VBG  figures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  industries_NNS  in_IO  Spain_NP  and_CC  Portugal_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  both_DB2  Madrid_NP  and_CC  Lisbon_NP  my_APP$  efforts_NNS  to_TO  promote_VV0  new_JJ  trade_NN  were_VBDR  actively_RR  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Ambassadors_NNSB2  ,_,  who_PNQS not_XX  only_RR  saw_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  my_APP$  visits_NNS  were_VBDR  widely_RR  known_VBN  but_CCB  personally_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  receptions_NNS  and_CC  introduced_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  useful_JJ  contacts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  where_CS 300_MC  people_NNS  attended_VVD  a_AT1  reception_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  official_JJ  British_JJ  representation_NN  at_IO  all_DB  levels_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  immensely_RR  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  splendid_JJ  effort_NN  made_VBN  ,_,  particularly_RR  by_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  British_JJ  information_NN  service_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  joint_JB  effort_NN  between_IO  embassy_NN  personnel_NNS  and_CC  first-rate_JJ  Spanish_JJ  agents_NNS  demonstrated_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  long_JJ  experience_NN  just_RR  what_DDQ  100_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  co-ordination_NN  can_VM  achieve_VV0  .  
  surely_RR  what_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  in_IO  Spain_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  embassies_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  Baron_NNSB1  Rolf_NP  Beck_NP  ,_,  Chairman_NNSB1  Slip_NP  group_NN  of_IO  companies_NNS  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  directors'_NN2  rewards_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Aucott_NP  (_(  August_NN1  21_MC  )_)  implies_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  expenses_NNS  incurred_VBN  by_IO  directors_NNS  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  companies_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  disclosed_VBN  to_IO  shareholders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  law_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  equitable_JJ  :_:  if_CS  the_AT1  expenses_NNS  in_IO  question_NN  are_VBR  disallowed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  of_IO  taxes_NNS    in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX    wholly_RR  exclusively_RR  and_CC  necessarily_RR    incurred_VBN    then_RL  quite_RR  properly_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  accounts_NNS  under_IO    Directors'_NC2  emoluments_NC2  .    
  where_CS ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  such_DA  expenses_NNS  were_VBDR    wholly_RR  exclusively_RR  and_CC  necessarily_RR    incurred_VBN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  plainly_RR  not_XX  remuneration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  directors_NNS  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  therefore_RR  be_VB0  shown_VBN  as_IO  such_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  accounts_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Aucott_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  ,_,  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  honesty_NN  in_IO  British_JJ  companies_NNS  today_NN1  are_VBR  such_DA  as_CS  to_TO  require_VV0  that_CS  every_AT1  penny_NN  spent_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  director_NN  in_IO  performing_VBG  his_APP$  duties_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  declared_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  shareholders_NNS  .  
  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Staddon_NP  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  institute_NN  of_IO  Directors_NNSB2  .  
  10_MC  ,_,  Belgrave_NP  Square_NNL1  ,_,  \0S.W.1_NP  .  
  exports_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  plateau_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0J_NP  Bunbury_NP  ,_,  August_NN1  22_MC  ,_,  can_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  unanswered_JJ  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bunbury_NP  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor's_NNSB2  measures_NNS  are_VBR  sensible_JJ  and_CC  correct_JJ  and_CC  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  objects_NNS  desired_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  repeatedly_RR  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor's_NNSB2  measures_NNS  to_TO  restrict_VV0  sales_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  market_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  increase_VV0  exports_NNS  are_VBR  quite_RR  mistaken_VBN  and_CC  are_VBR  having_VHG  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  result_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  already_RR  ample_JJ  statistical_JJ  evidence_NN  available_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  correct_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor's_NNSB2  critics_NNS  have_VH0  put_VBN  forward_RR  a_AT1  practical_JJ  alternative_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  would_VM  allow_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  state_VV0  the_AT1  alternative_NN  which_DDQ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  believe_VV0  infinitely_RR  preferable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  patchwork_NN  and_CC  uneffective_JJ  measures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  must_VM  take_VV0  steps_NNS  to_TO  curtail_VV0  inessential_JJ  exports_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  serious_JJ  situation_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  people_NNS  to_TO  fritter_VV0  away_RP  hard-earned_JJ  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  rubbish_NN  and_CC  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  perfectly_RR  well_RR  do_VD0  without_IO  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  effective_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  revive_VV0  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  availability_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  is_VBZ  already_RR  doing_VBG  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  not_XX  face_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  issues_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  tackling_VBG  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  end_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  cutting_VBG  off_RP  availability_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  to_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  use_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  create_VV0  an_AT1  overseas_JB  investment_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  ultimately_RR  yield_VV0  a_AT1  return_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  cutting_VBG  it_PPH1  off_RP  to_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  merely_RR  waste_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  buying_VBG  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  rubbish_NN  .  
  \0N_NP  \0F_NP  \0T_NP  Saunders_NP  ,_,  managing_JJ  director_NN  ,_,  Kelvinator_NP  .  
  new_JJ  Chester_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Bromborough_NP  ,_,  Cheshire_NP  .  
  butter_NN  dumping_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  the_AT1  article_NN  by_IO  your_APP$  commercial_JJ  editor_NN  on_IO  butter_NN  (_(  August_NN1  21_MC  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  express_VV0  my_APP$  ignorance_NN  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  degree_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  it_PPH1  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  another_DD1  country_NN  to_TO  invoke_VV0  anti-dumping_JJ  legislation_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  .  
  surely_RR  the_AT1  three_MC  sections_NNS  primarily_RR  concerned_VBN  are_VBR  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  dual_JJ  capacity_NN  of_IO  taxpayers_NNS  and_CC  consumers_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  farmers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  I_PPIS1  really_RR  wish_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  ,_,  though_CS  with_IO  great_JJ  sympathy_NN  for_IO  both_DB2  Denmark_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  anti-dumping_JJ  legislation_NN  is_VBZ  primarily_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  protect_VV0  a_AT1  country's_NN1$  home_NN1  industry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  setting_VBG  a_AT1  most_RG  undesirable_JJ  precedent_NN  if_CS  rival_JJ  exporting_JJ  countries_NNS  and_CC  companies_NNS  are_VBR  permitted_VBN  to_TO  apply_VV0  for_IO  discriminatory_JJ  action_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  mutual_JJ  overseas_JB  markets_NNS  .  
  should_VM  we_PPIS2  join_VV0  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  dumping_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  prohibited_VBN  between_IO  members_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  different_JJ  problem_NN  from_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  raised_VBN  by_IO  Denmark_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP  .  
  \0M_NP  \0C_NP  Bentall_NP  .  
  East_NP  Falinge_NP  ,_,  Bent_NP  Meadows_NP  ,_,  Rochdale_NP  .  
  potato_NN  acreage_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Merricks_NP  writes_VBZ  (_(  August_NN1  21_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  potato_NN  marketing_NN  board_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  that_DD1  capacity_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  quota_NN  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  of_IO  potatoes_NNS  .  
  to_TO  have_VH0  violent_JJ  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  acreage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  consequently_RR  in_IO  prices_NNS  ,_,  serves_VBZ  the_AT1  interest_NN  neither_LE  of_IO  producers_NNS  nor_CC  consumers_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  well_RR  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  board_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  ,_,  by_IO  its_APP$  quota_NN  prescriptions_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  plan_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  exact_JJ  acreage_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  too_RG  many_DA  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  affect_VV0  farmers'_NN2  own_DA  intentions_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  quota_NN  laid_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  board_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  any_DD  other_DA  body_NN  ,_,  to_TO  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  influence_VV0  the_AT1  position_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  board_NN  would_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  failing_VBG  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  its_APP$  responsibilities_NNS  if_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  exercise_VV0  the_AT1  powers_NNS  conferred_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  the_AT1  potato_NN  marketing_NN  scheme_NN  to_TO  assist_VV0  growers_NNS  to_TO  plan_VV0  their_APP$  production_NN  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  level_NN  normally_RR  adequate_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  consumers'_NN2  needs_NNS  at_IO  reasonable_JJ  prices_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Merricks_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  *+1_NNU  \0m_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  contributions_NNS  would_VM  go_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  board's_NN1$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  market_NN  support_NN  fund_NN  and_CC  would_VM  attract_VV0  twice_RR  that_DD1  sum_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  therefore_RR  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  producer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  prices_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  crop_NN  in_IO  surplus_NN  years_NNS  and_CC  should_VM  thus_RR  encourage_VV0  greater_JJ  stability_NN  in_IO  acreage_NN  and_CC  prices_NNS  as_IO  between_II  one_MC1  year_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS amendments_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  this_DD1  result_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  as_CS    harmful_JJ  .    
  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Piccaver_NP  ,_,  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  basic_JJ  acreage_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  potato_NN  marketing_NN  board_NN  .  
  Norfolk_NP  House_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  Gedney_NP  Marsh_NNL1  ,_,  Spalding_NP  .  
  building_NN  bricks_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  article_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  Times_NP  of_IO  August_NN1  3_MC  re_IO  building_NN  bricks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  brick_NN  works_NNS  have_VH0  about_RR  40_MC  \0m_MC  composition_NN  bricks_NNS  in_IO  stock_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  labour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  produce_VV0  more_DA  if_CS  need_NN  be_VB0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  freight_NN  opening_NN  for_IO  British_JJ  railways_NNS  ,_,  120_MC  \0m_MC  tons_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  price_NN  were_VBDR  right_JJ  .  
  composition_NN  bricks_NNS  are_VBR  imported_VBN  from_IO  Belgium_NP  and_CC  distributed_VBN  to_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  cheaper_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  freight_NN  charge_NN  from_IO  Scotland_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  .  
  \0G_NP  \0R_NP  Nicoll_NP  .  
  35_MC  ,_,  Glenview_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Banknock_NP  ,_,  by_IO  Bonnybridge_NP  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  airlines_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  leading_JJ  article_NN  of_IO  August_NN1  23_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  causes_NNS  of_IO  airline_NN  troubles_NNS  are_VBR  surely_RR  simple_JJ  to_TO  diagnose_VV0  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  haul_NN  category_NN  the_AT1  operating_NN  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  big_JJ  jets_NNS  of_IO  just_RR  under_RR  2_MC  cents_NNS  per_IO  seat_NN  mile_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  improvement_NN  on_IO  existing_JJ  types_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  possible_JJ  to_TO  lower_VV0  fares_NNS  appreciably_RR  and_CC  so_RR  widen_VV0  the_AT1  market_NN  with_IO  these_DD2  aircraft_NNS  .  
  basically_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  trouble_NN  also_RR  applies_VBZ  to_IO  regional_JJ  operations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  additional_JJ  difficulty_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  sectors_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  short_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  aircraft_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  down_RP  anywhere_RR  near_II  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  range-cost_JB  graph_NN  .  
  these_DD2  airlines_NNS  have_VH0  ordered_VBN  aircraft_NNS  which_DDQ  only_RR  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  position_NN  at_IO  1,000_MC  miles_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  airlines_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  single_JJ  European_JJ  sector_NN  approaching_VBG  this_DD1  .  
  at_IO  300-400_MC-MC  miles_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  off_IO  the_AT1  graph_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  end_NN  resulting_VBG  in_IO  costs_NNS  of_IO  3_MC  ,_,  4_MC  and_CC  5_MC  cents_NNS  a_AT1  seat_NN  mile_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  turbine_NN  engine_NN  and_CC  propeller_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  configured_VBN  differently_RR  ,_,  cost_NN  of_IO  1.5_MC  cents_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  realised_VBN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  1.2_MC  with_IO  prospects_NNS  of_IO  1_MC1  cent_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  horizon_NN  .  
  so_RR  airlines_NNS  have_VH0  only_RR  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  blame_VV0  if_CS  air_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  secure_VV0  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apparently_RR  static_JJ  common_JJ  carrier_NN  market_NN  due_JJ  in_IO  turn_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  carriers_NNS  .  
  airlines_NNS  must_VM  surely_RR  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  careful_JJ  husbandry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  demand_VV0  economic_JJ  progression_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  vehicles_NNS  they_PPHS2  order_VV0  .  
  \0R_NP  \0G_NP  Worcester_NP  .  
  66_MC  ,_,  Sloane_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0S.W1_NP  .  
  economies_NNS  in_IO  drugs_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  the_AT1  outpatient_NN  departments_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  hospitals_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  habit_NN  survives_VBZ  of_IO  prescribing_VBG  small_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  drugs_NNS  ,_,  bandages_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  collected_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  dispensary_NN  .  
  frequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  charge_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  prescriptions_NNS  is_VBZ  considerably_RR  higher_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  chemists_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  patients_NNS  have_VH0  often_RR  to_TO  wait_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  dispenser_NN  to_TO  prepare_VV0  the_AT1  prescription_NN  .  
  issuing_VBG  such_DA  small_JJ  prescriptions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  of_RR  course_RR  were_VBDR  originally_RR  free_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  sense_NN  when_CS outpatients_NNS  were_VBDR  presumably_RR  paupers_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  a_AT1  saving_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  pence_NNS  was_VBDZ  material_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  whom_WPO  time_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  little_DA  value_NN  .  
  to-day_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  \0N.H.S_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  over-worked_JJ  dispenser_NN  and_CC  last_RR  but_CCB  not_XX  least_RBT  the_AT1  patient_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS may_VM  lose_VV0  wages_NNS  while_CS  waiting_VBG  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  off_RP  if_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  were_VBDR  simply_RR  instructed_VBN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  small_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  simple_JJ  supplies_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  chemists_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  not_XX  suggested_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  method_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  complicated_JJ  special_JJ  prescriptions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  effort_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  dispensary_NN  freed_VBN  from_IO  petty_JJ  orders_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  concentrated_VBN  .  
  Hans_NP  \0A_NP  Blum_NP  .  
  7_MC  ,_,  Holders_NP  Hill_NNL1  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  \0N.W.4_NP  .  
  cost_NN  of_IO  \0H.P_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  presume_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  Woolveridge's_PPIO2  letter_NN  (_(  August_NN1  23_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  written_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  official_JJ  capacity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  pass_VV0  without_IO  comment_NN  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  cost_VV0  a_AT1  motor_NN  trader_NN  to_TO  assist_VV0  in_IO  filling_VBG  up_RP  an_AT1  \0H.P_NN  form_NN  and_CC  posting_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  profit_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  making_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  delighted_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  work_NN  for_IO  nothing_PN1  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  unable_JJ  to_TO  sell_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  finance_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  forthcoming_JJ  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  he_PPHO1  receives_VBZ  is_VBZ  excessive_JJ  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  if_CS  business_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  recourse_NN  ,_,  in_IO  what_DDQ  way_NN  does_VBZ  the_AT1  finance_NN  house_NN  share_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  .  
  fourthly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  opinion_NN  \0H.P_NN  charges_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  1_MC1  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  flat_RR  even_CS  though_CS  commission_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  down_RP  .  
  fifthly_RR  ,_,  can_VM  \0Mr_NNSB1  Woolveridge_NP  publish_VV0  the_AT1  rebate_NN  scales_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  \0F.H.A_NP  members_NNS  and_CC  state_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  adhere_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  \0F.H.A_NP  member_NN  charges_VBZ  many_DA  *+s_NNU2  extra_JJ  for_IO  early_JJ  settlement_NN  where_CS no_AT1  new_JJ  business_NN  arises_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  simply_RR  not_XX  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  finance_NN  houses_NNS  would_VM  lose_VV0  money_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  rebate_NN  in_IO  such_DA  cases_NNS  .  
  sixthly_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  penultimate_JJ  paragraph_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  banks_NNS  when_CS offering_VBG  personal_JJ  loans_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  paper_NN  work_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  collecting_NN  and_CC  recording_NN  of_IO  monthly_JJ  instalments_NNS  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  provision_NN  for_IO  bad_JJ  debts_NNS  or_CC  make_VV0  enquiries_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  integrity_NN  and_CC  standing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  customers_NNS  .  
  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Foster_NP  .  
  26_MC  ,_,  Boyle_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  Stanmore_NP  .  
  polythene_NN  bags_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    the_AT1  rapid_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  thin_JJ  polythene_NN  film_NN  has_VHZ  added_VBN  another_DD1    home_NN1  hazard_NN    against_IO  which_DDQ  precautions_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  accidents_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  misuse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  .  
  this_DD1  applies_VBZ  particularly_RR  to_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  in_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  become_VV0  suffocated_JJ  if_CS  polythene_NN  bags_NNS  are_VBR  placed_VBN  over_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  association_NN  through_IO  its_APP$  polythene_NN  product_NN  committee_NN  has_VHZ  collaborated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  determine_VV0  methods_NNS  of_IO  publicising_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  recommended_JJ  preventive_JJ  measures_NNS  .  
  polythene_NN  film_NN  has_VHZ  certain_JJ  characteristics_NNS  which_DDQ  make_VV0  it_PPH1  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  packaging_NN  material_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  applications_NNS  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  forms_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  small_JJ  bags_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  precautions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  larger_JJ  bags_NNS  and_CC  sheets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  where_CS film_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  cover_NN  for_IO  mattresses_NNS  and_CC  pillows_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  material_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  left_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  articles_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  use_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  realised_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  bags_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  those_DD2  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  packaging_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  garments_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  useful_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  bags_NNS  are_VBR  retained_VBN  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  for_IO  storage_NN  purposes_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  reach_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  required_VBN  for_IO  storage_NN  purposes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  manufacturers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  above_JB  mentioned_JJ  bodies_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  disposed_VBN  of_IO  immediately_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  .  
  \0A_NP  \0R_NP  Thom_NP  ,_,  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  packaging_NN  films_NNS  manufacturers'_NN2  association_NN  .  
  \0P.O_NP  box_NN  121_MC  ,_,  301_MC  ,_,  Glossop_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  10_MC  .  
  exports_NNS  of_IO  capital_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  succour_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0I.M.F_NP  merely_RR  cancels_VBZ  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  short-term_JB  liabilities_NNS  to_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  transfers_VBZ  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  \0I.M.F_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  correspondingly_RR  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  losses_NNS  from_IO  British_JJ  reserves_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1    Monte_&FW  de_&FW  Pieta_&FW  ,_,    and_CC  hope_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  cold_JJ  storage_NN  period_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  long_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  that_CS  any_DD  move_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  industry_NN  to_TO  establish_VV0  factories_NNS  in_IO  hard_JJ  currency_NN  countries_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impetus_NN  set_VBN  in_IO  motion_NN  by_IO  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  should_VM  not_XX  constitute_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  drain_NN  on_IO  reserves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  speech_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  much_RR  indebted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  for_IO  publishing_VBG  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  in_RR  full_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  broadcast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  to_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS    and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  visit_NN  to_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  this_DD1  address_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  inaugural_JJ  speech_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  a_AT1  voice_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  authority_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  councils_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  world_NN    and_CC  outside_IO  it_PPH1    that_PNQS speaks_VBZ  in_IO  frank_JJ  ,_,  clear_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  unambiguous_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  enabling_VBG  those_DD2  who_PNQS hear_VV0  and_CC  read_VV0  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  immense_JJ  issues_NNS  involved_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  language_NN  ,_,  more_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  ,_,  reminds_VBZ  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  utterances_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Winston_NP  Churchill_NP  during_IO    and_CC  immediately_RR  after_IO    the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  your_APP$  obedient_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  Henry_NP  Morris-Jones_NP  .  
  Bryn_NP  Dyfnog_NP  ,_,  Llanrhaiadr_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Denbigh_NP  ,_,  north_NN1  Wales_NP  ,_,  June_NN1  9_MC  .  
  repeated_JJ  interference_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Kelf-Cohen_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  published_VBN  on_IO  June_NN1  6_MC  ,_,  criticizes_VBZ  the_AT1  emergency_NN  resolution_NN  passed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  transport_NN  salaried_JJ  staffs'_NN2  association's_NN1$  annual_JJ  conference_NN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  interference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  undertakings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  transport_NN  commission_NN  .  
  that_DD1  resolution_NN  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  precluded_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  integrated_JJ  and_CC  coordinated_JJ  transport_NN  system_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  conference_NN  believed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  essential_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  in_IO  abandoning_VBG  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  integration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  .  
  in_IO  speaking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  resolution_NN  I_PPIS1  quoted_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  article_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  in_IO  connexion_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  article_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  :_:      disintegration_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  carried_VBN  too_RG  far_RR  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  respects_NNS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  less_DA  integration_NN  than_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  .    
  the_AT1  article_NN  added_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  plan_NN  will_VM  put_VV0  the_AT1  railways_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  splendid_JJ  isolation_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  pipelines_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  commercially_RR  unrealistic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  railway_NN  boards_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  position_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  interlinked_JJ  and_CC  complementary_JJ  transport_NN  .    
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  this_DD1    commercially_RR  unrealistic_JJ    position_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kelf-Cohen_NP  alleges_VBZ  that_CS  each_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  association_NN  receives_VBZ  *+4_NNU  per_IO  week_NN  in_IO  subsidy_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  apparently_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  arrived_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  figure_NN  by_IO  dividing_VBG  the_AT1  total_JJ  \0B.T.C_NP  deficit_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  employees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  debiting_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deficit_NN  (_(  including_IO  the_AT1  sums_NNS  paid_VBN  for_IO  interest_NN  and_CC  other_DA  commodities_NNS  )_)  against_IO  the_AT1  employees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  proper_JJ  remuneration_NN  is_VBZ  generally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  charge_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  industry_NN  :_:  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kelf-Cohen_NP  appears_VBZ  to_TO  regard_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  charge_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kelf-Cohen_NP  asks_VBZ  if_CS  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  prepared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  *+4_NNU  per_IO  week_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  really_RR  asking_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  junior_JJ  clerk_NN  of_IO  16_MC  receives_VBZ  *+230_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  :_:  does_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kelf-Cohen_NP  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  work_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  *+22_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  20_MC  and_CC  work_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  *+162_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  (_(  *+370-*+208_NNU  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  until_CS  the_AT1  implementation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Guillebaud_NP  report_NN  ,_,  under_IO  which_DDQ  railway_NN  rates_NNS  of_IO  pay_NN  were_VBDR  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO    comparability_NN    with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  comparable_JJ  employees_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  employments_NNS  ,_,  railwaymen_NNS  had_VHD  worked_VBN  for_IO  considerably_RR  debased_JJ  rates_NNS  of_IO  pay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  they_PPHS2  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  providing_VBG  the_AT1  subsidy_NN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railways_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  \0P_NP  Webber_NP  ,_,  general_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  transport_VV0  salaried_JJ  staffs'_NN2  association_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Ireland_NP  .  
  Walkden_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  10_MC  Melton_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0N.W.1_NP  .  
  opening_JJ  pairs_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  1907_MC  at_IO  Westminster_NP  ,_,  Charterhouse_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  first_MD  wicket_NN  stand_NN  of_IO  just_RR  over_RR  400_MC  .  
  \0M_NP  \0H_NP  \0C_NP  Doll_NP  ,_,  294_MC  not_XX  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  \0R_NP  \0L_NP  \0L_NP  Bradell_NP  about_RR  104_MC  not_XX  out_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  six_MC  or_CC  eight_MC  extras_NNS  .  
  yours_PP$  truly_RR  ,_,  \0R_NP  \0R_NP  Trall_NP  .  
  Ridgeway_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Ottery_NP  \0St_NNSB1  Mary_NP  ,_,  Devon_NP  .  
  mathematics_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    several_DA  of_IO  your_APP$  correspondents_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  have_VH0  put_VBN  forward_RR  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  passing_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  gradual_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  difficulty_NN  in_IO  university_NN  honours_NNS  courses_NNS  in_IO  mathematics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  their_APP$  content_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  less_RG  suitable_JJ  for_IO  intending_JJ  schoolteachers_NNS  than_CS  formerly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  these_DD2  views_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  incorrect_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  considerable_JJ  changes_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mathematics_NN  taught_VBN  in_IO  British_JJ  universities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  living_JJ  subject_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  change_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  move_NN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  mathematical_JJ    jugglery_NN    referred_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  correspondents_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  logical_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  mathematical_JJ  structures_NNS  and_CC  ideas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  honours_NNS  examination_NN  question_NN  at_IO  present_NN  set_VBN  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  easier_JJ  ,_,  in_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  demands_VBZ  less_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  memory_NN  and_CC  manipulative_JJ  technique_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  question_NN  common_JJ  50_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  one_MC1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  claim_VV0  also_RR  that_CS  present-day_JB  examination_NN  questions_NNS  demand_VV0  more_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  understanding_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  high_JJ  ideal_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  attained_VBN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  special_JJ  terminologies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  newer_JJ  mathematical_JJ  subjects_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  meaningless_JJ  to_IO  teachers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  (_(  or_CC  even_RR  to_IO  some_DD  university_NN  mathematicians_NNS  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  harder_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  student_NN  .  
  the_AT1  present-day_JB  student_NN  tackles_VBZ  with_IO  ease_NN  questions_NNS  on_IO  abstract_JJ  algebra_NN  or_CC  topology_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  finds_VBZ  difficulty_NN  with_IO  questions_NNS  on_IO  older_JJ  disciplines_NNS  such_IO  as_II  elliptic_JJ  functions_NNS  and_CC  spherical_JJ  harmonies_NNS  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  subjects_NNS  ,_,  old_JJ  or_CC  new_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  any_DD  direct_JJ  application_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  curriculum_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  newer_JJ  subjects_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  more_DA  use_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  intending_JJ  school_NN  teacher_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  ones_CD1S  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  especially_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  abstract_JJ  algebra_NN  and_CC  set_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  clarify_VV0  his_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  elementary_JJ  mathematical_JJ  and_CC  logical_JJ  processes_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  should_VM  improve_VV0  his_APP$  skill_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  teacher_NN  .  
  in_IO  conclusion_NN  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  university_NN  courses_NNS  have_VH0  benefited_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  students'_NN2  lives_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  easier_JJ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  on_IO  manipulative_JJ    jugglery_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  pendulum_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  swing_VV0  too_RG  far_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  certain_JJ  basic_JJ  mathematical_JJ  techniques_NNS  and_CC  methods_NNS  which_DDQ  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  omitted_VBN  from_IO  university_NN  courses_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  should_VM  form_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equipment_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  mathematician_NN  .  
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Rankin_NP  .  
  department_NN  of_IO  mathematics_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  University_NNL1  ,_,  Glasgow_NP  .  
  cooperation_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  not_XX  at_IO  expense_NN  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    we_PPIS2  ,_,  the_AT1  undersigned_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  fully_RR  realizing_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  closest_JJT  possible_JJ  cooperation_NN  with_IO  all_DB  European_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  deplore_VV0  any_DD  step_NN  that_PNQS prevented_VVD  closer_JJ  economic_JJ  cooperation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  hope_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  will_VM  refrain_VV0  from_IO  either_LE  signing_VBG  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  or_CC  associating_VBG  themselves_PPX2  with_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  until_CS  arrangements_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  suffer_VV0  thereby_RR  .  
  yours_PP$  ,_,  \0&c_RR  .  ,_,  John_NP  Dugdale_NP  ,_,  Robin_NP  Turton_NP  ,_,  Arthur_NP  Creech_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  Robert_NP  Grimston_NP  ,_,  \0E_NP  Shinwell_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Barlow_NP  ,_,  \0H_NP  \0A_NP  Marquand_NP  ,_,  Beverley_NP  Baxter_NP  ,_,  Arthur_NP  Henderson_NP  ,_,  Ronald_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  Douglas_NP  Jay_NP  ,_,  Patrick_NP  Wall_NP  ,_,  Barbara_NP  Castle_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Hollingworth_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Mendelson_NP  ,_,  Peter_NP  Walker_NP  .  
  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  statement_NN  on_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  does_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  clearly_RR  define_VV0  either_LE  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  colonies_NNS  actually_RR  meant_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  said_VVD  of_IO  Kenya_NP  :_:      I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  right_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  study_VV0  the_AT1  position_NN  and_CC  to_TO  take_VV0  constitutional_JJ  advance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  pace_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN    ,_,  nor_CC  does_VBZ  Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  say_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  thinks_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  meant_VBN  by_IO  these_DD2  words_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  just_RR  paid_VBN  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Kenya_NP  and_CC  having_VHG  met_VBN  and_CC  talked_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  cross-section_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  firm_JJ  conviction_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  stability_NN  of_IO  Kenya_NP  can_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  safeguarded_VBN  by_IO  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  releasing_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kenyatta_NP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  now_RL  in_IO  office_NN  and_CC  lead_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  settling_NN  of_IO  present_JJ  African_JJ  unrest_NN  and_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  going_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  independence_NN  phased_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1962_MC  or_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1963_MC  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_RR  satisfied_VBN  ,_,  white_JJ  opinion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  agrees_VBZ  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  independence_NN  overnight_RR  too_RG  quickly_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  disservice_NN  to_IO  Kenya_NP  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  future_JB  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  administration_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  to_TO  wait_VV0  too_RG  long_RR  can_VM  not_XX  serve_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  or_CC  political_JJ  well-being_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  the_AT1  white_JJ  population_NN  in_IO  Kenya_NP  and_CC  they_PPHS2  accept_VV0  this_DD1  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  enable_VV0  the_AT1  African_JJ  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  to_TO  control_VV0  their_APP$  followers_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  decision_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  on_IO  timing_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  Kenya_NP  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  in_IO  Kenya_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  British_JJ  and_CC  African_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  political_JJ  representatives_NNS  in_IO  both_DB2  Houses_NPLS  of_IO  parliament_NN  at_IO  Westminster_NP  should_VM  not_XX  read_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  words_NNS  more_DA  than_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  words_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  express_VV0  an_AT1  open_JJ  mind_NN  for_IO  future_JB  negotiations_NNS  .  
  if_CS  all_DB  parties_NNS  in_IO  Kenya_NP  can_VM  have_VH0  such_DA  a_AT1  mind_NN  then_RL  all_DB  will_VM  be_VB0  well_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  future_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  European_NN1  and_CC  African_NN1  will_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  part_NN  .  
  yours_PP$  sincerely_RR  ,_,  \0K_NP  Lewis_NP  .  
  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  ,_,  June_NN1  8_MC  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  8_MC  ,_,  wisely_RR  draws_VBZ  our_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  colonies_NNS  on_IO  constitutional_JJ  advance_NN  in_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  satisfaction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  willingness_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  to_TO  tie_VV0  constitutional_JJ  advance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  the_AT1  statement_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  not_XX  intended_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  pronouncement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  constitutional_JJ  advance_NN  might_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  .  
  having_VHG  said_VBN  that_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  clear_JJ  to_IO  every_AT1  interested_JJ  person_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  situation_NN  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  not_XX  ,_,  be_VB0  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  brake_NN  on_IO  constitutional_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  deteriorating_JJ  economic_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  serious_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  and_CC  constitutional_JJ  uncertainty_NN  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  factors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  economic_JJ  condition_NN  of_IO  Kenya_NP  can_VM  not_XX  finally_RR  recover_VV0  until_CS  further_JB  constitutional_JJ  advance_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  ;_;  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  until_CS  a_AT1  responsible_JJ  government_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  African_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  an_AT1  African_JJ  majority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,  with_IO  popular_JJ  support_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  effective_JJ  leadership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  fail_VV0  seriously_RR  again_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  take_VV0  note_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  want_VV0  political_JJ  advancement_NN  first_RR  and_CC  economic_JJ  progress_NN  second_RR  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  great_JJ  issues_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  settled_VBN  before_CS  full_JJ  independence_NN  can_VM  come_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL    the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  races_NNS    must_VM  be_VB0  faithfully_RR  considered_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  excellency_NN  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  surely_RR  right_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  speech_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  clearly_RR  hinted_VVD  that_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  encouraging_JJ  formation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  government_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  constitution_NN  ,_,  further_JB  steps_NNS  in_IO  constitutional_JJ  development_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  possible_JJ  and_CC  probable_JJ  .  
  yours_PP$  truly_RR  ,_,  \0R_NP  Elliott_NP  Kendall_NP  ,_,  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  methodist_JJ  Church_NNL1  in_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  10_MC  ,_,  Ravine_NNL1  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Boscombe_NP  ,_,  Hampshire_NP  .  
  hospital_NN  dispensing_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  providing_VBG  information_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  article_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  hospital_NN  pharmacists_NNS  in_IO  today's_NP1  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  I_PPIS1  discussed_VVD  many_DA  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  disturbed_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  remarks_NNS  of_IO  mine_PP$  are_VBR  liable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  misinterpreted_VBN  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  refer_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  derogatory_JJ  fashion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  retail_NN  pharmacists_NNS  to_TO  interpret_VV0  correctly_RR  the_AT1  prescriptions_NNS  written_VBN  by_IO  hospital_NN  doctors_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  my_APP$  intention_NN  and_CC  such_DA  an_AT1  interpretation_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  because_CS  my_APP$  remarks_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  necessity_NN  condensed_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  intended_VVD  to_TO  imply_VV0  was_VBDZ  that_CS  doctors_NNS  often_RR  prefer_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  solely_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  consultative_JJ  capacity_NN  in_IO  recommending_VBG  treatment_NN  for_IO  patients_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  general_JJ  practitioners_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  prefer_VV0  to_TO  prescribe_VV0  such_DA  treatment_NN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  supplied_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  follow_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  patients_NNS  by_IO  seeing_VBG  them_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  situation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  realized_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  \0E.C.10_NP  (_(  \0H.P_NP  )_)  forms_NNS  written_VBN  by_IO  hospital_NN  doctors_NNS  and_CC  dispensed_VBN  by_IO  retail_NN  pharmacists_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  falls_VBZ  down_RP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  patients_NNS  fail_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  their_APP$  prescriptions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  chemists_NNS  and_CC  this_DD1  does_VBZ  sometimes_RR  happen_VV0  .  
  yours_PP$  faithfully_RR  ,_,  \0G_NP  Bryan_NP  ,_,  chief_JB  pharmacist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  ,_,  June_NN1  5_MC  .  
  Spain_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    may_VM  I_PPIS1  ,_,  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  generation_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Moore_NP  on_IO  June_NN1  7_MC  addressed_VVD  a_AT1  lesson_NN  in_IO  Spanish_JJ  history_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  permitted_VBN  to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  history_NN  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  partial_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  claims_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  1938-39_MC-MC  Spain_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  convulsion_NN  and_CC  that_CS  Franco_NP  created_VVD  order_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  chaos_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS did_VDD  the_AT1  chaos_NN  arise_VV0  .  
  overtones_NNS  of_IO  crisis_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  magician's_NN1$  wand_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  recovery_NN  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  may_VM  flourish_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  rather_RR  ill_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  skirmishes_NNS  .  
  July_NN1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  traditional_JJ  month_NN  for_IO  economic_JJ  crises_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  seasonal_JJ  weakness_NN  for_IO  sterling_NN  .  
  in_IO  1955_MC  ,_,  1957_MC  and_CC  1961_MC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  month_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  chosen_VBN  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  national_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  anxiety_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  recognition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  comes_VBZ  surprisingly_RR  late_RR  ,_,  for_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  trading_NN  position_NN  deteriorated_VVD  sharply_RR  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  getting_VBG  slightly_RR  better_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  worse_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  propaganda_NN  may_VM  indeed_RR  have_VH0  over-reached_VBN  itself_PPX1  .  
  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  Chancellor's_NNSB2  speeches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  blunt_JJ  warnings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  1922_MC  committee_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  intended_VBN  to_TO  prepare_VV0  the_AT1  nation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  for_IO  strong_JJ  measures_NNS  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  economy_NN  right_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  warnings_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  run_VBN  too_RG  far_RR  ahead_RR  of_IO  action_NN  .  
  after_IO  so_RG  long_JJ  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  uncertainty_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  left_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  more_RRR  of_IO  emergency_NN  than_CS  of_IO  urgency_NN  .  
  nor_CC  has_VHZ  this_DD1  helped_VVD  the_AT1  national_JJ  confidence_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  growing_JJ  feeling_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  crisis_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  symptom_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  profounder_JJ  failure_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  Britain's_PPIO2  proper_JJ  international_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  post-war_JB  world_NN  .  
  the_AT1  delay_NN  in_IO  working_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  new_JJ  economic_JJ  policies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  deciding_VBG  on_IO  our_APP$  European_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  left_VBN  an_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  itself_PPX1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  certainly_RR  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  leadership_NN  which_DDQ  inspires_VBZ  national_JJ  unity_NN  .  
  current_JJ  bickering_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  surtax_NN  concessions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  budget_NN  evades_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  blamed_VBN  for_IO  wanting_VBG  a_AT1  more_RG  dynamic_JJ  economy_NN  with_IO  higher_JJ  incentives_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  failed_VBN  to_TO  explain_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  any_DD  consistent_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ  policy_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  expansion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  failed_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  nation_NN  along_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  economic_JJ  measures_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  will_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  tough_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  judged_VBN  primarily_RR  by_IO  their_APP$  effectiveness_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  very_RG  important_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  fair_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  slow_JJ  economic_JJ  growth_NN  with_IO  financial_JJ    get_VV0  rich_JJ  quick_RR    in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  wholly_RR  bad_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  social_JJ  effects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sacrifices_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  for_IO  must_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  country_NN  and_CC  not_XX  by_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  section_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  more_RG  willing_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  restraint_NN  ,_,  for_IO  earning_VBG  first_RR  and_CC  buying_VBG  later_RRR  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  clear_JJ  objective_NN  which_DDQ  sacrifices_NNS  will_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  achieve_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  those_DD2  sacrifices_NNS  fall_VV0  as_RG  heavily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  .  
  liking_VBG  Yuri_NP  .  
  the_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  goodwill_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  accompanied_VBN  Major_NNSB1  Yuri_NP  Gagarin_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  remarkable_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  least_RBT  for_IO  its_APP$  apparent_JJ  detachment_NN  from_IO  conventional_JJ  Anglo-Soviet_JJ  attitudes_NNS  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  here_RL  hard_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev's_PPIO2  declaration_NN  that_CS  Russia_NP  must_VM  spend_VV0  substantially_RR  more_DA  on_IO  arms_NNS  because_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  and_CC  well-publicised_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  air-power_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  not_XX  ideal_JJ  heralds_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  his_APP$  undoubted_JJ  success_NN  entirely_RR  accountable_JJ  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  personal_JJ  charm_NN  ,_,  great_JJ  though_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  nor_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  trade_NN  fair_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  in_IO  fact_NN  Major_NNSB1  Gagarin_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  is_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  shown_VBN  us_PPIO2   how_CS much_DA  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  like_VV0  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  genuine_JJ  neighbourliness_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  British_JJ  visitors_NNS  to_IO  Russia_NP  usually_RR  find_VV0  a_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  warmth_NN  of_IO  welcome_NN  there_RL  ,_,  is_VBZ  surely_RR  a_AT1  portent_NN  worth_IO  noting_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  .  
    giant_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Cousins's_PPIO2  success_NN  in_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  transport_NN  and_CC  general_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  lost-cause_JB  campaign_NN  of_IO  unilateralism_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  personal_JJ  triumph_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fortunately_RR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  affect_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell's_PPIO2  new_JJ  firm_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  party_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Brighton_NP  conference_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  won_VVD  a_AT1  3_MC  to_IO  1_MC1  victory_NN  is_VBZ  important_JJ  for_IO  other_DA  reasons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  cult_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  sprung_VBN  up_RP  around_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cousins_NP  astonished_VVD  many_DA  observers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nadir_NN  came_VVD  after_IO  the_AT1  disarmament_NN  vote_NN  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  principal_JB  opponent_NN  unblushingly_RR  declared_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  dwarf_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  man_NN  .    
  the_AT1  big_JJ  stick_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0T.G.W.U_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  1,250,000_MC  well-disciplined_JJ  members_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  held_VBN  firmly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  hand_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cousins_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  distinguished_JJ  predecessors_NNS  ,_,  Ernest_NP  Bevin_NP  and_CC  Arthur_NP  Deakin_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  union_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  inclined_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  \0T.G.W.U_NP  politics_NNS  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS heads_VBZ  its_APP$  permanent_JJ  machine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  trot_VV0  comfortably_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reigning_JJ    giant_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  disturbing_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  democracy_NN  .  
  south_NN1  bank_NN  puzzles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  non-party_JB  enterprise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  county_NN  council_NN  in_IO  stimulating_VBG  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  action_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  Theatre_NNL1  is_VBZ  wholly_RR  commendable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  proposals_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  adequately_RR  thought_VBN  out_RP  ;_;  when_CS the_AT1  council_NN  meets_VBZ  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  raw_JJ  material_NN  for_IO  many_DA  hours'_NN2  debate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  Sadler's_PPIO2  Wells_NP  opera_NN  should_VM  join_VV0  the_AT1  national_JJ  Theatre_NNL1  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  bank_NN  entirely_RR  changes_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  Times_NP  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  reported_VBN  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Isaac_NP  Hayward_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  three_MC  auditoriums_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO    may_VM    :_:  such_DA  an_AT1  extension_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  essential_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  Theatre_NNL1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  travesty_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  building_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  redesigned_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  bad_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  plans_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  twelve_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  proposals_NNS  are_VBR  accepted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  building_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  open_JJ  competition_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  building_NN  might_VM  emerge_VV0  at_RR  last_RR  of_IO  which_DDQ  Britain_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  proud_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  might_VM  also_RR  think_VV0  it_PPH1  wise_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  for_IO  a_AT1  clarification_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  statement_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  subsidy_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  limited_VBN  to_IO  *+400,000_NNU  :_:  a_AT1  statement_NN  that_PNQS seems_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  building_NN  can_VM  not_XX  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  be_VB0  ready_JJ  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  allows_VBZ  for_IO  possible_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  money_NN  .  
  1,000th_MD  refugee_NN  .  
  Britain_NP  received_VVD  last_DA  week_NN  her_APP$  1,000th_MD  refugee_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  initiated_VBN  by_IO  world_NN  refugee_NN  year_NN  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  .  
  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  refugees_NNS  resettled_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  humanitarian_JJ  impulse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  in_RP  almost_RR  one-third_MC  ;_;  more_DA  than_IO  any_DD  country_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  most_DA  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1    hard_JJ  core_NN    of_IO  physically_RR  or_CC  socially_RR  handicapped_VBN  families_NNS  rejected_VBN  by_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  other_DA  state_NN  .  
  public_JJ  response_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  drop_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  places_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  found_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  100_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  refugees_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  still_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  before_CS  the_AT1  limit_NN  set_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  then_RL  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  80,000_MC  unsettled_JJ  refugees_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  proud_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  impetus_NN  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  helped_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  essential_JJ  task_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  where_CS many_DA  have_VH0  shown_VBN  charity_NN  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  apathy_NN  and_CC  intolerance_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  some_DD  refugee_NN  families_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  ingratitude_NN  ;_;  have_VH0  spurned_VBN  the_AT1  houses_NNS  provided_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  returned_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  camps_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  deny_VV0  responsibility_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  mental_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  physical_JJ  condition_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  left_VBN  rootless_JJ  for_IO  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  warring_JJ  world_NN  .  
  until_CS  the_AT1  last_DA  refugee_NN  is_VBZ  resettled_VBN  our_APP$  obligations_NNS  must_VM  remain_VV0  .  
  tell_VV0  the_AT1  patient_NN  .  
  most_DA  doctors_NNS  will_VM  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  that_CS    the_AT1  patient_NN  and_CC  all_DB  concerned_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  have_VH0  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_IO  intelligent_JJ  persons_NNS  .    
  most_DA  will_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  tell_VV0  the_AT1  patient_NN  all_DB  he_PPHO1  should_VM  know_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  condition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  invariably_RR  add_VV0  ,_,  when_CS pressed_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  others_DA2  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  so_RG  forthcoming_JJ  ,_,  so_RG  frank_JJ  or_CC  thoughtful_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Powell_NP  calls_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  modern_JJ  jargon_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  communication_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  hospitals_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  any_DD  small_JJ  minority_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  persisted_VBN  into_IO  these_DD2  frank-speaking_JB  days_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  professional_JJ  attitude_NN  ,_,  fostered_VBN  and_CC  inculcated_VBN  from_IO  one_MC1  generation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  as_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  mystique_NN    or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  safeguard_NN  against_IO  being_VBG  proved_VBN  wrong_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  justified_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS    a_DA  little_DA  knowledge_NN    can_VM  be_VB0  harmful_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  says_VBZ    the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  two_MC  sentences_NNS  can_VM  cause_VV0  deep_JJ  antagonism_NN  .    
  training_VBG  in_IO  communication_NN  should_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  student's_NN1$  curriculum_NN  .  
  a_AT1  call_NN  to_IO  unity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_NP2  are_VBR  a_AT1  realistic_JJ  people_NN  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  always_RR  choose_VV0  to_TO  face_VV0  reality_NN  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  avoid_VV0  facing_VBG  not_XX  one_MC1  but_CCB  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  crises_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  desperate_JJ  complacency_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  nine-day_JB  wonder_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  crisis_NN  was_VBDZ  really_RR  penetrating_VBG  the_AT1  national_JJ  consciousness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  last_DA  week_NN  people_NNS  were_VBDR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  Tuesday_NN1  with_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  usual_JJ  tepid_JJ  equanimity_NN  ;_;  even_RR  the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  was_VBDZ  edging_VBG  upwards_RR  .  
  yet_RR  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  economic_JJ  crisis_NN  made_VVD  some_DD  impact_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  impending_JJ  decision_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  more_DA  than_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  of_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  on_IO  joining_VBG  Europe_NP  is_VBZ  possibly_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  make_VV0  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  claim_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  public_JJ  debate_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  .  
  so_RG  great_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  apathy_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  could_VM  probably_RR  go_VV0  in_RP  or_CC  stay_VV0  out_RP  without_IO  vitally_RR  offending_VBG  either_LE  its_APP$  own_DA  followers_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  awareness_NN  on_IO  Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  even_RR  more_RG  unawakened_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  gravest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  crises_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  or_CC  war_NN  could_VM  turn_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  sought_VBN  a_AT1  negotiated_JJ  settlement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  has_VHZ  always_RR  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  basic_JJ  decision_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  abandoned_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  national_JJ  attitude_NN  seems_VBZ  almost_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  interfere_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  holidays_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  complacency_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  poor_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  policy_NN  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  poor_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  sense_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  purpose_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  have_VH0  appealed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  economy_NN  ,_,  Berlin_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN    here_RL  are_VBR  three_MC  issues_NNS  whose_PNQV$  gravity_NN  has_VHZ  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  few_DA  days_NNS  led_VBN  to_IO  regretful_JJ  sighings_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  impracticability_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  system_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  taken_VBN  kindly_RR  to_IO  government_NN  by_IO  coalition_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  the_AT1  answer_NN  now_RL  ;_;  but_CCB  almost_RR  as_RG  disturbing_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  complacency_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  any_DD  real_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  unity_NN  .  
  party_NN  views_NNS  not_XX  far_RR  apart_RP  .  
  yet_RR  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  field_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  division_NN  is_VBZ  widest_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  can_VM  most_RG  reasonably_RR  expect_VV0  to_TO  reap_VV0  political_JJ  credit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  judgment_NN  and_CC  sentiment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  leaders_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  all_RR  that_RG  far_RR  apart_RP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell's_PPIO2  speech_NN  last_DA  Tuesday_NN1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  constructive_JJ  and_CC  sensible_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  debate_NN  .  
  on_IO  Europe_NP  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  almost_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  would_VM  find_VV0  himself_PPX1  moving_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  (_(  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  foolish_JJ  to_TO  risk_VV0  splitting_VBG  his_APP$  party_NN  in_IO  opposition_NN  ;_;  governments_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  unpleasant_JJ  choices_NNS  ,_,  oppositions_NNS  can_VM  avoid_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  )_)  
  on_IO  Berlin_NP  again_RR  the_AT1  responsible_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  view_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  view_NN  are_VBR  so_RG  close_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  indistinguishable_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  unity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  would_VM  like_VV0  that_DD1  unity_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  apparent_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  bi-partisan_JJ  policy_NN  would_VM  undoubtedly_RR  strengthen_VV0  British_JJ  influence_NN  for_IO  peace_NN    an_AT1  influence_NN  more_RG  necessary_JJ  now_RL  than_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  obstacles_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  bi-partisan_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  over_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  partly_RR  personal_JJ    \0Mr_NNSB1  Macmillan_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  have_VH0  never_RR  fought_VBN  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  as_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Attlee_NP  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Winston_NP  Churchill_NP  did_VDD  in_IO  wartime_NN  .  
  these_DD2  differences_NNS  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  reconsidered_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  greater_JJ  weakness_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  waken_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  people_NN  .  
  when_CS great_JJ  issues_NNS  are_VBR  shirked_VBN  ,_,  little_JJ  differences_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  their_APP$  proper_JJ  weight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  call_NN  to_IO  national_JJ  unity_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  call_NN  for_IO  national_JJ  leadership_NN  perhaps_RR  come_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  off_IO  the_AT1  brink_NN  !_!  
  what_DDQ  exactly_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  have_VH0  they_PPHS2  actually_RR  calculated_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  doing_VBG  with_IO  their_APP$  tanks_NNS  and_CC  planes_NNS  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  will_VM  these_DD2  American_JJ  moves_NNS  really_RR  strike_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  strength_NN    or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  weakness_NN  and_CC  frustration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  cause_NN  for_IO  frustration_NN  .  
  with_IO  their_APP$  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  behaving_VBG  like_IO  lunatic_JJ  children_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  to_TO  try_VV0  being_VBG  even_RR  more_RG  lunatic_JJ  and_CC  childish_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  daring_JJ  brinkmanship_NN  .  
  a_AT1  single_JJ  shell_NN  fired_VBN  accidentally_RR  in_IO  Berlin_NP  by_IO  some_DD  unthinking_JJ  youth_NN  from_IO  Texas_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  Ukraine_NP  could_VM  now_RL  destroy_VV0  humanity_NN  quite_RR  as_RG  inevitably_RR  as_IO  any_DD  50-megaton_JB  bomb_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  government's_NN1$  urgent_JJ  task_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  border_NN  generals_NNS  being_VBG  bold_JJ  and_CC  brave_JJ  at_IO  mankind's_NN1$  expense_NN  .  
  call_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  !_!  
  can_VM  the_AT1  government_NN  possibly_RR  persist_VV0  in_IO  its_APP$  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  tour_NN  of_IO  Ghana_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  bomb_NN  explosions_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  shaken_VBN  Accra_NP  .  
  for_IO  weeks_NNS  journalists_NNS  and_CC  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  have_VH0  brought_VBN  reports_NNS  from_IO  Ghana_NP  about_IO  possible_JJ  violence_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  visit_NN  .  
  but_CCB  our_APP$  Ministers_NNSB2  have_VH0  explained_VBN  smugly_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  facts_NNS  provided_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  experts_NNS  show_VV0  no_AT1  cause_NN  for_IO  concern_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  now_RL  .  
  are_VBR  bombs_NNS  not_XX  facts_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  an_AT1  explosion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  spot_NN  where_CS the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  this_DD1  week_NN  not_XX  a_AT1  cause_NN  for_IO  concern_NN  .  
  did_VDD  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  experts_NNS  not_XX  warn_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  things_NNS  might_VM  happen_VV0  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  reflection_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  concealed_VVD  the_AT1  warnings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sad_JJ  reflection_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  experts_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  royal_JJ  family_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  ready_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  risks_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  what_DDQ  purpose_NN  are_VBR  risks_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  in_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  merely_RR  to_TO  bolster_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  petty_JJ  ,_,  tottering_JJ  dictator_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  little_RR  short_RR  of_IO  criminal_JJ  if_CS  any_DD  life_NN  were_VBDR  risked_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  cause_NN  .  
  the_AT1  brave_JJ  servant_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  conduct_NN  in_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  risk_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  in_IO  going_VBG  there_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  bombs_NNS  and_CC  violence_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  country_NN  recently_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  too_RR  that_CS  during_IO  her_APP$  ceremonial_JJ  drive_NN  with_IO  Nkrumah_NP  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  easy_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  assassin's_NN1$  bullet_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  struck_VBN  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  target_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  insisted_VBN  on_IO  keeping_VBG  her_APP$  promise_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  ahead_RR  with_IO  her_APP$  tour_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  easier_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  than_CS  to_TO  cancel_VV0  this_DD1  venture_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  merely_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_APP$  misgivings_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  confidence_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  surprised_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  visit_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  cancelled_VBN  .  
  everyone_PN1  would_VM  have_VH0  understood_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  before_II  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  dedicated_JJ  and_CC  sincere_JJ  servant_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  people_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  displayed_VBN  ,_,  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  highest_JJT  form_NN  of_IO  courage_NN  in_IO  grave_JJ  physical_JJ  danger_NN  .  
  wipe_VV0  off_RP  his_APP$  smile_NN  .  
  in_IO  Essen_NP  tomorrow_NN1  Herr_NNSB1  Alfried_NP  Krupp_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  celebrating_VBG  the_AT1  150th_MD  anniversary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mighty_JJ  industrial_JJ  empire_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  can_VM  blame_VV0  him_PPHO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  mixes_VBZ  homage_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  ancestors_NNS  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  sardonic_JJ  amusement_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  allied_JJ  governments_NNS  .  
  for_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  obeyed_VBN  their_APP$  instructions_NNS  the_AT1  Krupp_NP  empire_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  broken_VBN  up_RP  long_RR  ago_RR  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  nothing_PN1  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  Krupp_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  convicted_JJ  war_NN  criminal_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  employer_NN  of_IO  slave_NN  labour_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  succeeded_VBN  year_NN  after_IO  year_NN  in_IO  getting_VBG  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  his_APP$    promise_NN    to_TO  sell_VV0  out_RP  his_APP$  companies_NNS  .  
  by_IO  one_MC1  cunning_JJ  dodge_NN  after_IO  another_DD1  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  this_DD1  one-time_JB  power_NN  centre_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  militarism_NN  intact_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  scandalous_JJ  story_NN  .  
  how_CS much_RR  longer_RRR  is_VBZ  our_APP$  government_NN  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  content_JJ  with_IO  just_RR  a_AT1  mild_JJ  squawk_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  when_CS Krupp_NP  asks_VBZ  for_IO  yet_RR  another_DD1  year's_NN1$  reprieve_NN  .  
  answer_VV0  this_DD1  today_NN1  .  
  commonwealth_NN  governments_NNS  are_VBR  at_RR  last_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  in_RR  full_RR  a_AT1  speech_NN  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Heath_NP  made_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  .  
  and_CC  why_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  going_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  not_XX  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  which_DDQ  vitally_RR  affects_VBZ  their_APP$  whole_JJ  future_NN    although_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  .  
  not_XX  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  members_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  association_NN  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  most_RG  precious_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  mutual_JJ  trust_NN  .  
  not_XX  because_CS  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  cabinet_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  loyal_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  Queen_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  reason_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  some_DD  obscure_JJ  official_NN  somewhere_RR  in_IO  Europe_NP  has_VHZ  already_RR  leaked_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  foreign_JJ  government_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  even_RR  more_RG  shameful_JJ  .  
  for_CS  in_IO  Brussels_NP  a_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  spokesman_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  reason_NN  commonwealth_NN  governments_NNS  were_VBDR  ever_RR  excluded_VBN  from_IO  seeing_VBG  whole_JJ  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  speech_NN  was_VBDZ  because_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  requested_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  can_VM  this_DD1  really_RR  be_VB0  true_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  nation_NN  demands_VBZ  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  answer_NN  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  .  
  lesson_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  critic_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  curtain_NN  comes_VBZ  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  tragic_JJ  farce_NN  of_IO  O'Brien_NP  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  again_RR  act_NN  by_IO  act_NN  .  
  five_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  \0Dr_NNSB1  Conor_NP  Cruise_NP  O'Brien_NP  came_VVD  bouncing_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  chief_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0UNO_NP  standards_NNS  his_APP$  qualifications_NNS  were_VBDR  excellent_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  enemy_NN  of_IO  colonialism_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  coined_VBN  a_AT1  phrase_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  colonialists_NNS  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  scorned_VVD  most_RBT  .  
  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  us_PPIO2     the_AT1  Brits_NP2  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  typical_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  representatives_NNS  of_IO  \0UNO_NP  must_VM  inevitably_RR  be_VB0  more_RG  enlightened_JJ  ,_,  decent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  efficient_JJ  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  how_CS has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  done_VBN  in_IO  Africa_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  \0UNO_NP  team_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  more_DA  bloodshed_NN  ,_,  intolerance_NN  and_CC  racial_JJ  hatred_NN  than_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  other_DA  man_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  African_JJ  history_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  mess_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  left_VBN  behind_RP  he_PPHO1  must_VM  wonder_VV0  how_CS   the_AT1  Brits_NP2    so_RG  often_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  succeed_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  situation_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  so_RG  dismally_RR  failed_VBN  .  
  repeal_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  watch_VV0  the_AT1  workings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  deplorable_JJ  homicide_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1957_MC  .  
  last_DA  week_NN  Edwin_NP  David_NP  Sims_NP  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  horrible_JJ  killing_NN  of_IO  two_MC  Gravesend_NP  teenagers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  under_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  law_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  murder_NN    because_IO  of_II  his_APP$    diminished_JJ  responsibility_NN    .  
  his_APP$  crime_NN    which_DDQ  everyone_PN1  would_VM  unhesitatingly_RR  call_VV0  murder_NN    will_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  records_NNS  as_IO  manslaughter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  help_VV0  the_AT1  experts_NNS  to_TO  claim_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  murder-rate_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  homicide_NN  act_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  really_RR  serious_JJ  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  all_DB  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  this_DD1  psychopath_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  early_JJ  forties_MC2  he_PPHO1  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  free_JJ  man_NN  .  
  free_JJ  to_TO  roam_VV0  the_AT1  countryside_NN  once_RR  again_RR  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  a_AT1  scandal_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  law_NN  which_DDQ  allows_VBZ  this_DD1  to_TO  happen_VV0  should_VM  remain_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  statute-book_NN  .  
  losers_NNS  .  
  who_PNQS  would_VM  lose_VV0  most_DA  if_CS  Britain_NP  decided_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  so_RR  brought_VVD  our_APP$  trade_NN  with_IO  Europe_NP  largely_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  not_XX  the_AT1  British_NP2  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  evidence_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  wrangle_NN  now_RL  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  Brussels_NP  over_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  tariffs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  must_VM  sell_VV0  more_DA  wine_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  retort_VV0  that_DD1  wine_NN  must_VM  not_XX  flow_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  direction_NN  .  
  if_CS  Germany_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  buy_VV0  more_DA  ,_,  then_RL  France_NP  must_VM  take_VV0  more_DA  from_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  country_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  French_JJ  wine_NN  industry_NN    on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  rural_JJ  economy_NN  of_IO  France_NP  depends_VBZ    can_VM  sell_VV0  in_IO  sufficient_JJ  quantities_NNS  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  Britain_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  wine_NN  is_VBZ  equally_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  one_MC1  industry_NN  after_IO  another_DD1  .  
  if_CS  our_APP$  leaders_NNS  only_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  courage_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  trade_VV0  with_IO  Europe_NP  on_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1    six_MC    have_VH0  a_AT1  much_RR  greater_JJ  need_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  market_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  of_IO  theirs_PP$  .  
  purpose_NN  .  
  fashion_NN  is_VBZ  turning_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  Christmas_NP  card_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  argued_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  purpose_NN  in_IO  posting_VBG  a_AT1  flood_NN  of_IO  cards_NNS  often_RR  to_IO  people_NNS  you_PPY  hardly_RR  know_VV0  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  all_DB  the_AT1  cards_NNS  in_IO  that_DD1  flood_NN  are_VBR  without_IO  purpose_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  lonely_JJ  a_AT1  card_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  reminder_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  forgotten_VBN  .  
  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  relation_NN  or_CC  neighbour_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  quarrelled_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  tactful_JJ  peace_NN  offering_NN  of_IO  all_DB  .  
  finger_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  trigger_NN  .  
  whose_WP$I  finger_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  trigger_NN  .  
  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  forces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  goes_VBZ  a_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  1,000_MC  \0lb_NNU  bombs_NNS  sent_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  compliments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  taxpayer_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  go_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  piously_RR  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  on_IO  special_JJ  terms_NNS  only_RR  .  
  on_IO  each_DD1  bomb_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  a_AT1  label_NN  saying_VBG  :_:  
    not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  except_CS  against_IO    pirate_NN    planes_NNS  and_CC  air-strips_NNS  .    
  but_CCB  can_VM  that_DD1  really_RR  keep_VV0  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  conscience_NN  clean_JJ  .  
  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  have_VH0  any_DD  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  airmen_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  drop_VV0  the_AT1  bombs_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  evidence_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  either_LE  know_VV0  or_CC  care_VV0  about_IO  our_APP$  terms_NNS  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  the_AT1  men_NNS  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  operations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  as_RG  deluded_VBN  and_CC  hysterical_JJ  as_IO  their_APP$  former_DA  chief_NN  ,_,  Conor_NP  O'Brien_NP  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  these_DD2  British_JJ  bombs_NNS  may_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  crashing_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  hospitals_NNS  and_CC  British_JJ  missionaries_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  the_AT1  tory_JJ  rebels_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  uproar_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  surprise_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  single_JJ  tory_NN  \0M.P_NNSB1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  support_VV0  a_AT1  decision_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  both_DB2  weak_JJ  and_CC  wicked_JJ  .  
  prigs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  disarmament_NN  rioters_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  causing_VBG  so_RG  much_DA  annoyance_NN  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  stir_VV0  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  conscience_NN  .  
  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  more_RG  priggish_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  seriously_RR  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   are_VBR  indifferent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  their_APP$  fellow-countrymen_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  got_VBN  less_DA  conscience_NN  .  
  just_RR  more_DA  sense_NN  .  
  for_CS  suppose_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  exhibitionists_NNS  had_VHD  got_VBN  their_APP$  way_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  that_CS  both_DB2  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  had_VHD  given_VBN  up_RP  their_APP$  nuclear_JJ  stocks_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  certain_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  already_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  midst_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  terrible_JJ  conventional_JJ  war_NN  in_IO  history_NN  over_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  thrift_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  is_VBZ  right_JJ  to_TO  save_VV0  money_NN  by_IO  clamping_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  embassy_NN  parties_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  official_JJ  birthday_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  saving_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  *+100,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  why_CS stop_VV0  there_RL  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  *+18,000,000_NNU  in_IO  cash_NN  aid_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  giving_VBG  to_IO  Tanganyika_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Congo_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  through_IO  our_APP$  backing_NN  for_IO  \0UNO_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  costing_VBG  us_PPIO2   around_RR  *+4,000,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nehru_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS wants_VBZ  to_TO  squeeze_VV0  about_RR  *+70,000,000_NNU  out_RP  of_IO  us_PPIO2   over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  army_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  costing_VBG  us_PPIO2   at_RR  least_RR  *+70,000,000_NNU  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  and_CC  next_DA  year_NN  the_AT1  bill_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  near_IO  *+100,000,000_NNU  .  
  these_DD2  fantastic_JJ  sums_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  squandered_VBN  by_IO  vainglorious_JJ  men_NNS  anxious_JJ  for_IO  Britain_NP  to_TO  play_VV0  a_AT1  leading_JJ  world_NN  role_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  should_VM  remember_VV0  this_DD1  :_:  true_JJ  authority_NN  comes_VBZ  from_IO  strength_NN  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  pouring_VBG  money_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  drain_NN  .  
  wrong_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  remember_VV0  the_AT1  debtors_NNS  prisons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  novels_NNS  of_IO  Charles_NP  Dickens_NP  .  
  probably_RR  you_PPY  associate_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  workhouse_NN  and_CC  with_IO  child_NN  labour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  .  
  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  amazing_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  century_NN  later_RRR  our_APP$  prisons_NNS  should_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  crowded_JJ  with_IO  debtors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  cells_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  reserved_VBN  for_IO  criminals_NNS  alone_RR  .  
  as_IO  for_II  debtors_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  fewer_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS business_NN  men_NNS  understand_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  lend_VV0  to_IO  someone_PN1  whose_PNQV$  credit_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  good_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  lose_VV0  .  
  death_NN  for_IO  no_AT1  reason_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  week-end_NN  began_VVD  two_MC  British_JJ  journalists_NNS  were_VBDR  sending_VBG  this_DD1  despatch_NN  while_CS  \0UNO_NP  bombers_NNS  roared_VVD  over_IO  Katanga_NP  :_:    
    a_AT1  moment_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Leopold_NP  2_MC  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  writing_VBG  ,_,  they_PPHS2  carried_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  four-year-old_JB  girl_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  moments_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  type_VV0  this_DD1  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  brought_VBN  in_RP  yet_RR  another_DD1  child's_NN1$  body_NN  .  
  the_AT1  face_NN  is_VBZ  gone_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  shredded_VBN  by_IO  shell_NN  splinters_NNS  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  seen_VBN  broken_JJ  dolls_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  some_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .    
  read_VV0  those_DD2  words_NNS  again_RR  and_CC  ask_VV0  yourself_PPX1  :_:  
  why_CS were_VBDR  these_DD2  little_JJ  children_NNS  killed_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  crime_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  because_CS    as_CS  with_IO  Nazi_JJ  Germany_NP    their_APP$  country_NN  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  war_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  no_UH  .  
  all_DB  it_PPH1  wanted_VVD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  alone_JJ  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  because_CS  their_APP$  country_NN  was_VBDZ  employing_VBG  white_JJ  officers_NNS  .  
  no_UH  .  
  every_AT1  other_DA  African_JJ  state_NN  has_VHZ  whites_NNS  in_IO  top_JB  positions_NNS  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  airmen_NNS  who_PNQS killed_VVD  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  white-trained_JJ  .  
    a_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  invalids_NNS  !_!  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  shameful_JJ  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  levy_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  collected_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  .  worse_JJ  still_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  childhood_NN    .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   give_VV0  the_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  a_AT1  shot_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  .  
  by_IO  Kenneth_NP  Barrett_NP  .  
  increased_JJ  national_JJ  health_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  conjuring_NN  trick_NN  with_IO  national_JJ  insurance_NN  contributions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health's_NN1$  announcement_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  place_NN  in_IO  April_NN1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  signpost_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  of_IO  retreat_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  vision_NN  of_IO  nationwide_JJ  personal_JJ  security_NN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  other_DA  signs_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  retreat_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  .  
  to_IO  many_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  destruction_NN  from_IO  within_II  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  administrators_NNS  have_VH0  muddled_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  issues_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  determined_JJ  to_TO  uphold_VV0  a_AT1  meaningless_JJ  fiction_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  insisted_VBN  that_CS  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  insurance_NN  stamp_NN  should_VM  go_VV0  towards_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  deepened_VBN  the_AT1  widest-spread_JJT  fallacy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  community_NN    the_AT1  mistaken_JJ  idea_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS buys_VBZ  his_APP$  national_JJ  insurance_NN  stamp_NN  pays_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  financial_JJ  year_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  *+867,000,000_NNU  .  
  of_IO  that_DD1  vast_JJ  sum_NN  ,_,  *+663,000,000_NNU  comes_VBZ  from_IO  general_JJ  taxation_NN  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  national_JJ  insurance_NN  stamps_NNS  .  
  confused_JJ  .  
  small_JJ  wonder_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  man-in-the-street_NN  is_VBZ  confused_JJ  .  
  because_CS  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stamp_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  supplementary_JJ  revenue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  temptation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  administrator_NN  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  economy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  look_NN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  less_DA  .  
  today_NN1  the_AT1  employed_JJ  man_NN  pays_VBZ  9_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  bill_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  security_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  weekly_JJ  stamp_NN  .  
  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  10_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  is_VBZ  earmarked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  in_IO  April_NN1  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  ,_,  pay_VV0  9_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  amount_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  10_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  will_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  from_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  his_APP$  wages_NNS  are_VBR  high_JJ  enough_RGA  an_AT1  additional_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  state's_NN1$  massively_RR  confusing_JJ  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  scheme_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  his_APP$  employer_NN    contracts_VBZ  out_RP  .    
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  earning_VBG  *+15_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  paying_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  ,_,  5_MC  \0s_NNU  1_MC1  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  graduated_JJ  scheme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  will_VM  alter_VV0  the_AT1  position_NN  again_RR  in_IO  July_NN1  .  
  his_APP$  total_JJ  basic_JJ  contribution_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  10_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  of_IO  this_DD1  a_AT1  larger_JJ  proportion_NN  ,_,  2_MC  \0s_NNU  8_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  earmarked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  graduated_JJ  scheme_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  stamp_NN  will_VM  cost_VV0  him_PPHO1  15_MC  \0s_NNU  8_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  for_IO  one_MC1  moment_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  stop_VV0  there_RL  .  
  higher_JJ  pensions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  sought_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  will_VM  cost_VV0  more_DA  .  
  the_AT1  contributions_NNS  ,_,  total_NN  and_CC  fraction_NN  ,_,  will_VM  all_DB  go_VV0  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  mere_JB  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complex_JJ  administrative_JJ  tasks_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  recording_VBG  contributions_NNS  is_VBZ  vast_JJ  in_IO  proportion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  collected_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  tempting_JJ  fiction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stamp_NN  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  there_RL  .  
  enemy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  has_VHZ  another_DD1  inside_JB  enemy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  charge_VV0  people_NNS  a_DA  little_DA  when_CS they_PPHS2  get_VV0  some_DD  special_JJ  extra_JJ  benefit_NN  .  
  why_CS should_VM  n't_XX  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  citizen_NN  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  wages_NNS  ,_,  pay_VV0  some_DD  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  dentures_NNS  or_CC  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
  why_CS should_VM  n't_XX  the_AT1  special_JJ  beneficiaries_NNS  pay_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  extra_JJ  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  pockets_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  insidious_JJ  argument_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  so_RG  reasonable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  once_CS  you_PPY  start_VV0  agreeing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  proposal_NN  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  reach_VV0  the_AT1  extreme_JJ  lengths_NNS  of_IO  unreason_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  well-paid_JJ  patient_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  firm_NN  still_RR  continues_VBZ  his_APP$  wages_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS draws_VBZ  sickness_NN  benefit_NN  on_IO  top_NN  ,_,  may_VM  have_VH0  surgical_JJ  and_CC  hospital_NN  treatment_NN  costing_VBG  many_DA  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  pounds_NNS  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  spectacles_NNS  ,_,  when_CS in_IO  hospital_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  them_PPHO1  free_RR  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  a_AT1  widow_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  pension_NN  ,_,  for_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  husband_NN  paid_VVD  ,_,  is_VBZ  wiped_VBN  out_RP  because_CS  she_PPHO1  works_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  living_NN  wage_NN  ,_,  will_VM  now_RL  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  12_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  each_DD1  lens_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  spectacles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  17_MC  \0s_NNU  8_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  frames_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  proposes_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  sense_NN  out_RP  of_IO  small_JJ  private_JJ  charges_NNS  under_IO  a_AT1  vastly_RR  expensive_JJ  public_JJ  scheme_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  only_RR  alter_VV0  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  bill_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  Minister's_NNSB2  duty_NN  to_TO  refrain_VV0  from_IO  doing_VBG  positive_JJ  harm_NN  just_RR  to_TO  collect_VV0  a_AT1  token_NN  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  tally_NN  .  
  and_CC  social_JJ  harm_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  changes_NNS  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  achieve_VV0  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  from_IO  March_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  each_DD1  item_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  prescription_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  cost_VV0  2_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  children_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  leave_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  account_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  estimate_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  given_VBN    that_CS  nearly_RR  one-third_MC  of_IO  such_DA  items_NNS  cost_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  2_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  thinking_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  marginally_RR  poor_JJ  ,_,  who_PNQS happen_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  constant_JJ  ill-health_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  countless_JJ  thousands_MC2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  retired_JJ  folk_NNS  ,_,  getting_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  retirement_NN  pensions_NNS  and_CC  *+3_NNU  or_CC  so_PN1  a_AT1  week_NN  from_IO  their_APP$  old_JJ  firms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  protracted_JJ  illness_NN  ,_,  receives_VBZ  half-pay_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  firm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  army_NN  officer's_NN1$  widow_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  indefinitely_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  need_VV0  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  prescribed_JJ  items_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  easily_RR  .  
  twelve_MC  shillings_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  a_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  invalids_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  shameful_JJ  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  levy_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  collected_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  worse_RRR  still_RR  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  childhood_NN  .  
  pregnancy_NN  ,_,  like_IO  death_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  democratic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  forced_VVD  the_AT1  state_NN  to_TO  protect_VV0  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  maternity_NN  clinic_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  possession_NN  beyond_IO  price_NN  .  
  all_DB  mothers_NNS  go_VV0  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  solicitor's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  schoolmaster's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  clerk's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  plumber's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wife_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chap_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  doing_VBG  a_AT1  stretch_NN  in_IO  gaol_NN  .  
  never_RR  has_VHZ  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  been_VBN  better_JJ  .  
  never_RR  has_VHZ  infantile_JJ  mortality_NN  been_VBN  so_RG  low_JJ  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  cost_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  or_CC  very_RG  little_DA  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  the_AT1  clinic_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  from_IO  June_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  paying_VBG  5_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  orange_NN  juice_NN  and_CC  getting_VBG  a_AT1  free_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  vitamin_NN  tablets_NNS  and_CC  cod_NN  liver_NN  oil_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  higher_JJ  charges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  orange_NN  juice_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  cod_NN  liver_NN  oil_NN  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tablets_NNS  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  packet_NN  .  
  these_DD2  sums_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  deliberately_RR  fixed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  poorest_JJT  sort_NN  of_IO  mother_NN  away_RP  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  child_NN  that_PNQS suffers_VBZ  in_IO  health_NN  .  
  by_IO  these_DD2  particularly_RR  petty_JJ  tactics_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  will_VM  save_VV0  *+1,500,000_NNU  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  *+800,000,000_NNU  and_CC  more_DA  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  very_RG  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  crises_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  challenge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hopes_NNS  ,_,  needs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  anomalies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  close_JJ  look_NN  at_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  wrong_RR  .  
  slash_VV0  this_DD1  health_NN  service_NN  red_JJ  tape_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  noticed_VBN  the_AT1  fierce_JJ  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  rumpus_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  changes_NNS  and_CC  charges_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  my_APP$  views_NNS  in_IO  detail_NN  about_IO  these_DD2  last_DA  Sunday_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  shape_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  mail_NN  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  agree_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  debate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  brooded_VVD  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Nye_NP  Bevan_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  architect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  1946_MC  defines_VBZ  his_APP$  vision_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  health_NN  Minister_NNSB1  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG    a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  to_TO  secure_VV0  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  and_CC  mental_JJ  health_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  and_CC  the_AT1  prevention_NN  ,_,  diagnosis_NN  and_CC  treatment_NN  of_IO  illness_NN  .    
  to_IO  the_AT1  creators_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hesitation_NN  about_IO  one_MC1  further_JB  principle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  free_JJ  .  
  how_CS far_RR  have_VH0  these_DD2  great_JJ  objectives_NNS  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  two_MC  standards_NNS  of_IO  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  afford_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  another_DD1  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  n't_XX  .  
  doctor's_NN1$  mercy_NN  .  
  no_RR  longer_RRR  does_VBZ  a_AT1  deduction_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lower-paid_JJ  worker_NN  simply_RR  cover_VV0  him_PPHO1  during_IO  sickness_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  children_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  mercy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  purse_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  kindness_NN  .  
  no_RR  longer_RRR  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  patchwork_NN  of_IO  clubs_NNS  and_CC  voluntary_JJ  associations_NNS  seeking_VBG  to_TO  ensure_VV0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX    on_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  .    
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  ominous_JJ  rumblings_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  people_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  passionately_RR  argued_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  still_RR  prefer_VV0  to_TO  pay_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  doctors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  doctors_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  stay_VV0  resentfully_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  refusing_VBG  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  minions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  were_VBDR  myths_NNS  created_VBN  by_IO  prejudice_NN  .  
  within_IO  three_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  appointed_JJ  day_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ,_,  39,000,000_MC  were_VBDR  on_IO  health_NN  service_NN  lists_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  officially_RR  estimated_VBN  today_NN1  that_CS  97_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  inhabitants_NNS  are_VBR  using_VBG  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  only_RR  600_MC  doctors_NNS  engage_VV0  wholly_RR  in_IO  private_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  a_AT1  success_NN  story_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  task_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  critically_RR  and_CC  constructively_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  flaws_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  failures_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  mistake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  industry_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  presents_VBZ  a_AT1  stupendous_JJ  administrative_JJ  challenge_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  so_RG  complicated_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  prime_JB  purpose_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  ill-health_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  welfare_NN  and_CC  re-assurance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  ,_,  can_VM  disappear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  departmentalism_NN  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  regional_JJ  hospital_NN  boards_NNS  plan_VV0  hospital_NN  and_CC  consultant_NN  services_NNS  .  
  management_NN  committees_NNS  administer_VV0  hospitals_NNS  at_IO  local_JJ  level_NN  .  
  executive_JJ  councils_NNS  are_VBR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  practitioner_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dentist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  health_NN  authority_NN  looks_NNS  after_IO  maternity_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  child_NN  welfare_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  visiting_JJ  midwife_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  health_NN  visitor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  help_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ambulances_NNS  .  
  Minister's_NNSB2  jungle_NN  .  
  somewhere_RR  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  jungle_NN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  is_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  eye_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  the_AT1  wood_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hospital_NN  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  general_JJ  medical_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  tends_VBZ  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  isolation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  family_NN  doctor_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  study_VV0  his_APP$  patient_NN  in_IO  hospital_NN  .  
  often_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  follow-up_NN  system_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  work_VV0  .  
  each_DD1  service_NN  washes_VBZ  its_APP$  hands_NNS  of_IO  responsibility_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  passes_VBZ  a_AT1  patient_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  health_NN  .  
  these_DD2  divisions_NNS  can_VM  rise_VV0  to_IO  ludicrous_JJ  levels_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  ambulance_NN  will_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  patient_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  n't_XX  admit_VV0  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  ,_,  quoting_VBG  the_AT1  correct_JJ  rules_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  refuse_VV0  to_TO  drive_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  treat_VV0  and_CC  cure_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  costs_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  are_VBR  scrutinised_VBN  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  isolated_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  interdependent_JJ  .  
  busier_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  general_JJ  practitioners_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  area_NN  can_VM  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  financial_JJ  burden_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  hospital_NN  .  
  more_DA  money_NN  spent_VBN  on_IO  local_JJ  authority_NN  dental_JJ  services_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  children_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  school_NN  keeps_VBZ  down_RP  the_AT1  bill_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  dental_JJ  service_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  grown_VBN  up_RP  .  
  a_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  prescription_NN  costs_NNS  may_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  sickness_NN  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  one_MC1  illustration_NN  .  
  hospitals_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  financial_JJ  year_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  save_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  spend_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  month_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  annual_JJ  accountancy_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mad_JJ  rush_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  anything_PN1  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  kitty_NN  .  
  a_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  expensive_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  deserves_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  so_PN1  if_CS  it_PPH1  works_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  still_RR  spend_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  income_NN  on_IO  keeping_VBG  people_NNS  well_JJ  and_CC  treating_VBG  them_PPHO1  when_CS sick_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  call_VV0  that_DD1  unreasonable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  prescriptions_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  topical_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ever-rising_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  significant_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  more_RR  than_RR  doubled_VBN  since_CS  the_AT1  service_NN  started_VVD  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  214,000,000_MC  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  prescriptions_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  up_RP  .  
  goodness_NN  knows_VBZ  how_CS many_DA  unidentifiable_JJ  pills_NNS  linger_VV0  in_IO  bathroom_NN  cabinets_NNS  and_CC  how_CS many_DA  bottles_NNS  of_IO  cough_NN  linctus_NN  were_VBDR  emptied_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  distasteful_JJ  dose_NN  .  
  five_MC  prescriptions_NNS  a_AT1  head_NN  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  for_IO  everyone_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  at_IO  nearly_RR  7_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  go_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  still_RR  goes_VBZ  up_RP  .  
  not_XX  primarily_RR  because_CS  doctors_NNS  prescribe_VV0  more_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  drugs_NNS  cost_VV0  more_DA  .  
  two_MC  sides_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  door_NN  .  
  by_IO  Colin_NP  Legum_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  commonwealth_NN  correspondent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  hard_JJ  job_NN  defending_VBG  its_APP$  intention_NN  to_TO  change_VV0  Britain's_PPIO2  traditional_JJ    open_JJ  door_NN    policy_NN  for_IO  commonwealth_NN  citizens_NNS    a_AT1  policy_NN  that_PNQS goes_VBZ  back_RP  to_IO  1608_MC  ,_,  when_CS Lord_NNSB1  Chief_NNSB1  Justice_NNSB1  Ellesmere_NP  declared_VVD  that_CS  James_NP  1_MC1  was_VBDZ    one_MC1  entire_JB  king_NN  over_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  subjects_NNS  in_IO  whichsoever_DDQ  of_IO  his_APP$  dominions_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  born_VBN  .    
  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  right_NN  to_TO  change_VV0  this_DD1  policy_NN  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  question_NN  :_:  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  commonwealth_NN  member_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  not_XX  so_RG  far_RR  acted_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  1918_MC  imperial_JJ  conference_NN  decision_NN  giving_VBG  each_DD1  member_NN    complete_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  population_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  immigration_NN  .    
  the_AT1  question_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  about_IO  her_APP$  right_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  change_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wise_JJ  .  
  nobody_PN1  tries_VBZ  to_TO  deny_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  immigration_NN  into_IO  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  primarily_RR  a_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  :_:  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  control_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  raised_VBN  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  immigrants_NNS  were_VBDR  largely_RR  European_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  ,_,  until_CS  recently_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  
  a_AT1  nauseous_JJ  campaign_NN  waged_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  tory_JJ  \0M.P.'s_NNSB2  has_VHZ  been_VBN  directed_VBN  almost_RR  exclusively_RR  against_IO  coloured_JJ  immigration_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfortunate_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  waited_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  formal_JJ  announcement_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  (_(  though_CS  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  one-sided_JJ  )_)  debate_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  conference_NN  at_IO  Brighton_NP  .  
  hence_RR  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  disentangle_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  racial_JJ  prejudices_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  obscured_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  voluntary_JJ  control_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .  
  until_IO  1953_MC  immigration_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  was_VBDZ  negligible_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  coloured_JJ  population_NN  was_VBDZ  less_DA  than_IO  50,000_MC  .  
  the_AT1  largest_JJT  intake_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Indies_NP2  ,_,  running_VBG  at_IO  about_RR  2,000_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  exception_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Irish_NP2  :_:  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  were_VBDR  treated_VBN  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  migration_NN  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  commonwealth_NN  citizens_NNS  .  
  between_IO  1945_MC  and_CC  1959_MC  Irish_JJ  immigrants_NNS  (_(  353,000_MC  )_)  exceeded_VVD  immigrants_NNS  (_(  333,000_MC  )_)  from_IO  all_DB  other_DA  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  wave_NN  of_IO  West_NP  Indians_NP2  started_VVD  in_IO  1954_MC  with_IO  10,000_MC  immigrants_NNS  ;_;  by_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  figure_NN  had_VHD  risen_VBN  to_IO  more_DA  than_IO  54,000_MC  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  figure_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  70,000_MC  .  
  this_DD1  great_JJ  increase_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  fear_NN  of_IO  immigration_NN  controls_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  now_RL  about_RR  200,000_MC  West_NP  Indians_NP2  (_(  mainly_RR  Jamaicans_NP2  )_)  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  another_DD1  factor_NN  which_DDQ  weighed_VVD  perhaps_RR  more_RG  heavily_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  decision_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  control_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  the_AT1  governments_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  India_NP  and_CC  Pakistan_NP  voluntarily_RR  agreed_VVD  to_TO  maintain_VV0  strict_JJ  control_NN  over_IO  emigration_NN  to_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  this_DD1  system_NN  worked_VVD  well_RR  until_IO  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  net_JB  inward_JB  movement_NN  of_IO  Indians_NP2  never_RR  exceeded_VVD  6,600_MC  ;_;  in_IO  1959_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  down_RP  to_IO  2,900_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  eight_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  13,500_MC  .  
  for_IO  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  highest_JJT  figure_NN  was_VBDZ  5,200_MC  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  dropped_VVD  to_IO  2,500_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  eight_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  it_PPH1  rose_VVD  sharply_RR  to_IO  13,160_MC  .  
  clearly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  control_NN  systems_NNS  operated_VBN  by_IO  India_NP  and_CC  Pakistan_NP  have_VH0  broken_VBN  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  exact_JJ  figures_NNS  of_IO  non-coloured_JJ  immigrants_NNS  because_CS  many_DA  people_NNS  from_IO  Australia_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  ,_,  Canada_NP  and_CC  South_NP  Africa_NP  are_VBR  in_IO  fact_NN  emigrants_NNS  returning_VBG  home_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Irish_NP2  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  negligible_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  non-commonwealth_JB  immigrants_NNS  (_(  mainly_RR  Europeans_NP2  on_IO  restricted_JJ  work_NN  permits_NNS  )_)  rose_VVD  from_IO  about_RR  45,800_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  to_IO  just_RR  over_RR  53,000_MC  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  public_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  conclusions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  from_IO  these_DD2  figures_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  first_RR  the_AT1  overall_JB  picture_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  expanding_JJ  working_JJ  population_NN  ,_,  with_IO  immigration_NN  accelerating_VBG  ,_,  emigration_NN  decelerating_VBG  (_(  230,000_MC  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  about_RR  130,000_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  very_RG  little_DA  unemployment_NN  .  
  immigrants_NNS  starting_VBG  new_JJ  jobs_NNS  totalled_VVD  177,500_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  236,000_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  immigration_NN  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  been_VBN  meeting_VBG  a_AT1  real_JJ  need_NN  ;_;  without_IO  it_PPH1  British_JJ  industry_NN  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  expanded_VBN  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  .  
  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  stressed_VVD  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  London_NP  transport_NN  and_CC  hospitals_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  poor_JJ  shape_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  immigrants_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  the_AT1  West_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  many_DA  public_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  and_CC  Liverpool_NP  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  clearly_RR  other_DA  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  as_CS  things_NNS  stand_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  that_DD1  immigration_NN  will_VM  slow_VV0  down_RP  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  volition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  to-day_NN1  is_VBZ  of_IO  unequal_JJ  economic_JJ  development_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  richer_JJ  countries_NNS  growing_VBG  richer_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  poorer_JJ  being_VBG  forced_VBN  to_TO  export_VV0  their_APP$  unemployed_JJ  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  all_DB  other_DA  countries_NNS  control_VV0  immigration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  West_NP  Indian_JJ  islands_NNS  even_RR  discriminate_VV0  against_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  older_JJ  dominions_NNS  (_(  especially_RR  Australia_NP  )_)  discriminate_VV0  against_IO  non-whites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  Latin_JJ  America_NP  have_VH0  also_RR  recently_RR  tightened_VBN  up_RP  their_APP$  immigration_NN  controls_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  Britain_NP  to_TO  behave_VV0  likewise_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  raise_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  will_VM  happen_VV0  if_CS  Britain_NP  remains_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  uncontrolled_JJ  area_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  spill-over_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  right_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  spill-over_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  level_NN  without_IO  any_DD  attempt_NN  at_IO  planning_NN  .  
  will_VM  immigration_NN  slow_VV0  down_RP  once_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  employment_NN  market_NN  begins_VBZ  to_TO  reach_VV0  saturation_NN  point_NN  .  
  or_CC  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  suddenly_RR  wake_VV0  up_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  that_DD1  failure_NN  of_IO  plan_NN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  surplus_NN  of_IO  unskilled_JJ  and_CC  semi-skilled_JJ  labour_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  communities_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  result_VV0  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  foresight_NN  .  
  real_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  if_CS  undiminished_JJ  West_NP  Indian_JJ  immigration_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  matched_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rising_JJ  tide_NN  of_IO  east_NN1  Indian_JJ  immigration_NN  (_(  after_IO  the_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  controls_NNS  )_)  ,_,  can_VM  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  racial_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  tensions_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  increased_VBN  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  would_VM  benefit_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  .  
  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  real_JJ  problems_NNS  have_VH0  become_VBN  obscured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  deplorable_JJ  arguments_NNS  of_IO  racists_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  real_JJ  problems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  most_RG  effectively_RR  by_IO  rational_JJ  discussion_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  has_VHZ  firmly_RR  rejected_VBN  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  any_DD  controls_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  discrimination_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  reasonable_JJ  suggestion_NN  that_CS  people_NNS  with_IO  criminal_JJ  records_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  free_JJ  entry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  immigrants_NNS  with_IO  bad_JJ  criminal_JJ  records_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  deported_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  also_RR  suggested_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  desirable_JJ  to_TO  relate_VV0  immigration_NN  to_IO  employment_NN  opportunities_NNS  here_RL  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  real_JJ  objection_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  proposals_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  principle_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  should_VM  concern_VV0  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  how_CS this_DD1  policy_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  administered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  administered_VBN  without_IO  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  immigrants_NNS  to-day_NN1  are_VBR  coloured_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  suspicion_NN  of_IO  discrimination_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  vital_JJ  therefore_RR  that_CS  ,_,  before_CS  any_DD  form_NN  of_IO  control_NN  is_VBZ  introduced_VBN  ,_,  Britain_NP  should_VM  consult_VV0  all_DB  her_APP$  partners_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  possibly_RR  her_APP$  future_JB  allies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  how_CS best_RBT  to_TO  arrange_VV0  for_IO  immigration_NN  to_TO  continue_VV0  into_IO  Britain_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  explore_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  migration_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  Trinidad_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  and_CC  Canada_NP  might_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  contribution_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  done_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  central_JJ  question_NN  whether_CS  Britain_NP  will_VM  not_XX  somehow_RR  be_VB0  altering_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  relationship_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  abandons_VBZ  her_APP$    open_JJ  door_NN    policy_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  not_XX  pretend_VV0  that_CS  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  somehow_RR  been_VBN  behaving_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  special_JJ  praise_NN  .  
  our_APP$  own_DA  economy_NN  has_VHZ  benefited_VBN  enormously_RR  from_IO  immigration_NN  .  
  nor_CC  must_VM  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  ourselves_PPX2  as_CS  being_VBG  uniquely_RR  generous_JJ  .  
  France_NP  has_VHZ  always_RR  maintained_VBN  an_AT1    open_JJ  door_NN    policy_NN  for_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  community_NN    a_AT1  policy_NN  much_RR  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  during_IO  the_AT1  Algerian_JJ  troubles_NNS  than_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  face_VV0  .  
  Holland_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  open_JJ  house_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  associated_JJ  territories_NNS  .  
  also_RR  we_PPIS2  must_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  immigrants_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  should_VM  reach_VV0  500,000_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  comprise_VV0  only_RR  1_MC1  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  our_APP$  total_JJ  population_NN  .  
  to_TO  shirk_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  integrate_VV0  this_DD1  tiny_JJ  minority_NN  of_IO  coloured_JJ  peoples_NNS  into_IO  British_JJ  society_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  little_DA  confidence_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  ability_NN  to_TO  practise_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  always_RR  preach_VV0  .  
  danger-spots_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  absorbing_VBG  immigrants_NNS  harmoniously_RR  into_IO  British_JJ  society_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  important_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  immigrants_NNS  as_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  important_JJ  conclusions_NNS  reached_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  Wickenden_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  valuable_JJ  study_NN  on_IO    colour_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP    is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  danger_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  lie_VV0    where_CS a_AT1  concentration_NN  of_IO  immigrants_NNS  has_VHZ  formed_VBN  too_RG  quickly_RR  for_IO  an_AT1  area's_NN1$  capacity_NN  to_TO  absorb_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  where_CS this_DD1  occurs_VBZ  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  violence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  violence_NN  and_CC  hostility_NN  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  present_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  term_NN  measure_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  surely_RR  desirable_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  immigrants_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  level_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  absorbed_VBN  .    
  the_AT1    open_JJ  door_NN    policy_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  value_NN  only_RR  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  genuine_JJ  hospitality_NN  and_CC  security_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  offered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  newcomers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  with_IO  this_DD1  aspect_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  mainly_RR  concerned_VBN  .  
  Russia_NP  to-day_NN1  .  
  by_IO  Edward_NP  Crankshaw_NP  .  
  why_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  \0K_NP  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  .  
  in_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  Russia_NP  may_VM  well_RR  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  prosperity_NN  promised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  programme_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  material_JJ  progress_NN  alone_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  about_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  Kremlin_NP  last_DA  Wednesday_NN1  was_VBDZ  1984_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ahead_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  picture_NN  he_PPHO1  painted_VVD    a_AT1  picture_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  many_DA  people_NNS  would_VM  dismiss_VV0  as_CS  utopian_JJ    was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  Orwellian_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  thankful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  utopian_JJ  either_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  metroland_NN  in_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  extended_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  vastness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  .  
  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  breath_NN  as_IO  utopia_NN  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  hopelessly_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  more_RG  interestingly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  people_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  introducing_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  programme_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  twenty-second_MD  party_NN  congress_NN  ,_,  convened_VBN  to_TO  approve_VV0  his_APP$  development_NN  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  decades_NNS  .  
  twenty_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  :_:  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  eighty-seven_MC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  his_APP$  utopia_NN  come_VV0  true_JJ  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  certain_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  programme_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  long_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  promises_NNS  are_VBR  realised_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  concept_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  become_VBN  irrelevant_JJ  ,_,  overtaken_VBN  by_IO  events_NNS  ;_;  or_CC  ,_,  to_TO  use_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev's_PPIO2  own_DA  favourite_JB  expression_NN  ,_,  life_NN  itself_PPX1  will_VM  have_VH0  shown_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  startling_JJ  insufficiencies_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  air_NN  of_IO  triumph_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  great_JJ  material_JJ  advances_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  necessary_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  highly_RR  necessary_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  is_VBZ  ever_RR  to_TO  stand_VV0  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  advanced_JJ  nations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  is_VBZ  also_RR  moving_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  will_VM  happen_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  because_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  is_VBZ  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  revolution_NN  in_IO  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  because_CS  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  stand_VV0  still_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  collapse_VV0  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  seems_VBZ  incapable_JJ  of_IO  visualising_VBG  any_DD  forward_JJ  movement_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  triumph_NN  ,_,  that_CS  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  decades_NNS  every_AT1  family_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  apartment_NN  to_IO  itself_PPX1  :_:  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  inconceivable_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  may_VM  also_RR  happen_VV0  here_RL  .  
  apparently_RR  unaware_JJ  that_CS  British_JJ  agricultural_JJ  labourers_NNS  get_VV0  holidays_NNS  with_IO  pay_NN  ,_,  pensions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  benefits_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  announces_VBZ  that_CS  paid_JJ  holidays_NNS  will_VM    gradually_RR  be_VB0  extended_VBN    to_IO  farm_NN  workers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  also_RR  ,_,  some_DD  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  decades_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  receive_VV0  old-age_JB  pensions_NNS  and_CC  sickness_NN  and_CC  temporary_JJ  disability_NN  grants_NNS  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  education_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS    about_RR  40_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  country's_NN1$  workers_NNS  and_CC  over_RR  23_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  its_APP$  farm_NN  workers_NNS    now_RL  have_VH0  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  or_CC  higher_JJ  education_NN  :_:  by_IO  1981_MC  all_DB  children_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  secondary_JJ  education_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  the_AT1  goal_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  and_CC  hospitalisation_NN  for_IO  all_DB  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  free_JJ  rents_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  working_NN  hours_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS    a_AT1  living_NN  standard_NN  higher_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  any_DD  capitalist_JJ  country_NN  .    
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  history_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  insufficiency_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  fully_RR  and_CC  finally_RR  eliminated_VBN  :_:  no_AT1  capitalist_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asserted_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  set_VV0  itself_PPX1  this_DD1  task_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  adduced_VVD  no_AT1  evidence_NN  to_TO  support_VV0  either_LE  of_IO  these_DD2  statements_NNS  .  
  productivity_NN  only_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  to_TO  congratulate_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  on_IO  breaking_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  Stalinist_JJ  paralysis_NN  (_(  somebody_PN1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  )_)  and_CC  setting_VBG  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  material_JJ  prosperity_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  negative_JJ  horrors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cruel_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  defier_NN  of_IO  Lenin_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    \0Prof_NNSB1  Seton-Watson_NP  used_VVD  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  name_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  article_NN  on_IO  Persia_NP  last_DA  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  meaning_VBG  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  pave_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  communists_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  uninstructed_JJ  speak_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  one_MC1  takes_VBZ  it_PPH1  from_IO  whence_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  \0Prof_NNSB1  Seton-Watson_NP  .  .  
  in_IO  1917_MC  the_AT1  bolsheviks_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  yet_RR  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  totalitarians_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  socialists_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  fight_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  gloves_NNS  off_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  Kerensky_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    promoted_VBN    to_IO  the_AT1  premiership_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  regard_VV0  the_AT1  bolsheviks_NNS  as_IO    old_JJ  comrades_NNS    and_CC  could_VM  overcome_VV0  the_AT1  hesitations_NNS  of_IO  socialist_JJ  leaders_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  stern_JJ  measures_NNS  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1917_MC  he_PPHO1  dispersed_VVD  a_AT1  communist_JJ  rebellion_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  whiff_NN  of_IO  grapeshot_NN  now_RL  described_VBN  by_IO  such_DA    progressive_JJ    historians_NNS  as_IO  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  \0P_NP  Taylor_NP  as_IO  a_AT1    massacre_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  blundering_JJ  general_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  active_JJ  encouragement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  French_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS destroyed_VVD  Russian_JJ  democracy_NN  by_IO  attempting_VBG  a_AT1  right-wing_JB  putsch_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  suppressed_VBN  without_IO  a_AT1  shot_NN  but_CCB  left_VVD  the_AT1  masses_NNS  confused_JJ  and_CC  distrustful_JJ  of_IO  Kerensky_NP  .  
  this_DD1  turn_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  enabled_VVD  Lenin_NP  to_TO  mount_VV0  a_AT1  counter-attack_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  socialists_NNS    tantamount_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN    resisted_VVD  only_RR  with_IO  talk_NN  .  
  Kerensky_NP  collected_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  enough_RGA  army_NN  to_TO  defeat_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  troops_NNS  fell_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  siren_NN  song_NN  of_IO    peaceful_JJ  co-existence_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  darlings_NNS  of_IO  democracy_NN  today_NN1  are_VBR  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  long_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  communists_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  their_APP$  true_JJ  colours_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  handed_VBN  country_NN  after_IO  country_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  :_:  Benes_NP  surrendering_VBG  Czechoslovakia_NP  ,_,  Roosevelt_NP  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  half_DB  of_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  Truman_NP  and_CC  Attlee_NP  abandoning_VBG  China_NP  to_IO  its_APP$    mild_JJ  agrarian_JJ  reformers_NNS  .    
  might_VM  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  that_CS    Moscow_NP    knows_VBZ  that_CS  Kerensky_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  unhesitating_JJ  and_CC  determined_JJ  enemies_NNS  for_IO  44_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  looking_VBG  for_IO  in_IO  Persia_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  Kerensky_NP  (_(  nor_CC  Mikhailovich_NP  ,_,  nor_CC  Chiang_NP  )_)  but_CCB  a_AT1  nice_JJ  western-style_JB  statesman_NN  with_IO  half-a-round-table-full_NN  of_IO  crypto-communist_JJ  advisers_NNS  .  
  Southport_NP  ,_,  Gleb_NP  Kerensky_NP  .  
  */*/*/_&FO  Alexander_NP  Kerensky_NP  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Russia_NP  between_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Tsars_NNSB2  and_CC  the_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bolsheviks_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  80_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  in_IO  California_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  engaged_VBN  in_IO  research_NN  and_CC  lecturing_NN  in_IO  Russian_JJ  history_NN  at_IO  Stanford_NP  University_NNL1  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    my_APP$  article_NN  ,_,    Russia's_PPIO2  southern_JJ  doorstep_NN  ,_,    had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  condensed_VBN  for_IO  reasons_NNS  of_IO  space_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  a_AT1  slight_JJ  but_CCB  important_JJ  change_NN  occurred_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  reads_VBZ  :_:  
    in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  has_VHZ  hitherto_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  protector_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  re*?2gime_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  people_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  emotionally_RR  anti-western_JJ  .  .    
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  written_VBN  was_VBDZ  :_:    .  the_AT1  opposition_NN  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  emotionally_RR  anti-western_JJ  .    
  what_DDQ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  belongs_VBZ  to_IO    the_AT1  opposition_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  millions_MC2  of_IO  Persians_NP2  who_PNQS are_VBR  devoted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Shah_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  no_AT1  hostility_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  Hugh_NP  Seton-Watson_NP  .  
  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W_NP  19_MC  .  
  religion_NN  at_IO  redbrick_NN  .  
  points_NNS  from_IO  readers'_NN2  letters_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  distressed_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  Christianity_NN1  in_IO  this_DD1  University_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  by_IO    inquirer's_NN1$    article_NN  ,_,    redbrick_NN  wilderness_NN  .    
  apathy_NN  is_VBZ  prevalent_JJ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  ,_,  not_XX  merely_RR  among_IO  Christians_NP2  .  
  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  sign_NN  that_CS  so_RG  many_DA  non-Christians_NP2  look_VV0  to_IO  Christians_NP2  for_IO  a_AT1  lead_NN  .  
  in_IO  societies_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  hall_NN  committees_NNS  Christians_NP2  take_VV0  a_AT1  leading_JJ  part_NN  .  
    inquirer_NN    gives_VBZ  250_MC  as_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  attending_VBG  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  some_DD  time_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  realistic_JJ  figure_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  500_MC  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  at_RR  least_RR  300_MC  attend_VV0  with_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  regularity_NN  .    
  (_(  Miss_NNSB1  )_)  Hilary_NP  \0M_NP  Gray_NP  ,_,  ex-\0sec_NN  ,_,  joint_JB  Christian_JJ  committee_NN  .  
  Southampton_NP  University_NNL1  .  
  one_MC1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  newspaper_NN  would_VM  show_VV0  how_CS largely_RR  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  religion_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  figures_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  student's_NN1$  life_NN  here_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  personally_RR  were_VBDR  attracted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  ,_,  unbiased_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  where_CS free_JJ  ,_,  intelligent_JJ  discussion_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  normal_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  jazz_NN  club_NN  is_VBZ  popular_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  weekly_JJ  social_JJ  occasion_NN  which_DDQ  gives_VBZ  one_MC1  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  meeting_VBG  one's_$  fellow_JB  students_NNS  en_&FW  masse_NN  .  
  among_IO  our_APP$  acquaintances_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  corporate_JJ  communion_NN  mentioned_VBN  by_IO    inquirer_NN  ,_,    very_RG  few_DA  were_VBDR  not_XX  present_JJ  at_IO  jazz_NN  club_NN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  jazz_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  exclude_VV0  religion_NN  .    
  Elizabeth_NP  \0A_NP  Bunn_NP  ;_;  Judith_NP  \0M_NP  Steel_NP  ;_;  Jennifer_NP  Summers_NP  ,_,  Southampton_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  many_DA  students_NNS  have_VH0  little_DA  or_CC  no_AT1  religious_JJ  ideals_NNS  and_CC  standards_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  as_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Southampton_NP  catholic_NN  society_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  strong_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  regular_JJ  church-goers_NNS  who_PNQS also_RR  take_VV0  an_AT1  active_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  many_DA  other_DA  branches_NNS  of_IO  University_NNL1  life_NN  .    
  Patricia_NP  Friend_NP  ;_;  Winifred_NP  Colfer_NP  ,_,  Southampton_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  an_AT1  odd_JJ  University_NNL1  Southampton_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  !_!  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  sermon_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  church_NN  here_RL  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  ,_,  Bloomsbury_NP  ,_,  on_IO  April_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  advertised_VBN  as_CS  at_IO  8.0_MC  \0p.m_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  the_AT1  church_NN  packed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  wriggle_VV0  my_APP$  round_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  obscure_JJ  seat_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  certain_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  seat_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  University_NNL1  sermon_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  evensong_NN  first_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sermon_NN  was_VBDZ  about_IO  Pascal_NP  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  modern_JJ  person_NN  :_:  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  knew_VVD  that_DD1  beforehand_RR  .    
  Margaret_NP  Deanesly_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0N.W.1_NP  .  
  rotten_JJ  potatoes_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rennie_NP  ,_,  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  potato_NN  marketing_NN  board_NN  ,_,  stands_VBZ  condemned_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  mouth_NN  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  letter_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  no_AT1  significant_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  potatoes_NNS  sold_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  to_TO  rot_VV0  in_IO  clamps_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  in_RR  general_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  removed_VBN  such_DA  stocks_NNS  before_CS  deterioration_NN  prevented_VVD  their_APP$  use_NN  .  
  having_VHG  spent_VBN  public_JJ  money_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  potatoes_NNS  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  his_APP$  inspectors'_NN2  duty_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  deteriorated_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  widely_RR  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  that_CS  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  \0lb_NNU  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  producers'_NN2  price_NN  and_CC  5_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  \0lb_NNU  the_AT1  retail_NN  price_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rennie_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  query_VV0  the_AT1  figure_NN  until_CS  you_PPY  published_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  most_RG  surprising_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  statements_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  that_CS    the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  compensation_NN  for_IO  deterioration_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  arise_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  potatoes_NNS  remain_VV0  the_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farmer_NN  until_CS  loading_NN  instructions_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  .    
  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  why_CS were_VBDR  farmers_NNS  not_XX  allowed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  to_TO  load_VV0  potatoes_NNS  when_CS asked_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  merchants_NNS  .  
  farmers_NNS  who_PNQS sought_VVD  permission_NN  to_TO  cancel_VV0  their_APP$  contracts_NNS  and_CC  sell_VV0  to_IO  merchants_NNS  were_VBDR  refused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  how_CS can_VM  the_AT1  board_NN  buy_VV0  potatoes_NNS  under_IO  contract_NN  and_CC  not_XX  own_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  your_APP$  agricultural_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  London_NP  ,_,  \0E.C.4_NP  .  
  exotic_JJ  Chelsea_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    would_VM  it_PPH1  not_XX  be_VB0  possible_JJ  slightly_RR  to_TO  change_VV0  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chelsea_NP  flower_NN  show_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  dominated_VBN  year_NN  after_IO  year_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  azaleas_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  rhododendrons_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  typically_RR  British_JJ  feature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  organisers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  show_NN  ,_,  by_IO  waiting_VBG  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  achieve_VV0  effects_NNS  more_RG  popular_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  subtle_JJ  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  your_APP$  readers_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  ideas_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  suggest_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  week_NN  in_IO  July_NN1  .  
  Eastbourne_NP  .  
  Helen_NP  Spicer_NP  .  
  Irish_JJ  partition_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    perhaps_RR  your_APP$  comments_NNS  on_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  last_DA  Sunday_NN1  could_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  context_NN  .  
  surely_RR  people_NNS  nowadays_RR  are_VBR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  (_(  particularly_RR  economic_JJ  )_)  of_IO  integration_NN  ,_,  association_NN  ,_,  and_CC  federation_NN  .  
  Cyprus_NP    where_CS differences_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  communities_NNS  are_VBR  surely_RR  as_RG  strong_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  in_IO  Ireland_NP    has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  unite_VV0  an_AT1  island_NN  and_CC  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  minority_NN  .  
  in_IO  Ireland_NP  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  catholics_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  tolerated_VBN  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  in_IO  such_DA  positions_NNS  as_IO  shop_NN  stewards_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  shipbuilding_NN  industry_NN  ;_;  perhaps_RR  religious_JJ  passions_NNS  are_VBR  cooling_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  certainly_RR  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  Ireland_NP  perpetuates_VBZ  traditional_JJ  animosities_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  largely_RR  irrelevant_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  more_RG  integrated_JJ  Ireland_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  feasible_JJ  within_IO  the_AT1  wider_JJ  framework_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W.1_NP  .  
  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Taylor_NP  .  
  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  back_RP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    Jean_NP  Robertson's_PPIO2  admirable_JJ  article_NN  on_IO  guarantees_NNS  prompts_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  ask_VV0  for_IO  your_APP$  readers'_NN2  experiences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  consumers'_NN2  advisory_JJ  council_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  consulting_VBG  various_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  agreeing_VBG  model_JB  guarantee_NN  terms_NNS  ,_,  fair_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  manufacturer_NN  and_CC  shopper_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  also_RR  preparing_VBG  a_AT1  comparison_NN  between_IO  different_JJ  car_NN  manufacturers'_NN2  guarantees_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  help_VV0  over_IO  both_DB2  these_DD2  projects_NNS  if_CS  your_APP$  readers_NNS  would_VM  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   if_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  ever_RR  suffered_VBN  injury_NN  or_CC  damage_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  defect_NN  in_IO  goods_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  bought_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  claim_VV0  compensation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  manufacturer_NN  owing_IO  to_II    exclusion_NN  clauses_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  guarantee_NN  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  send_VV0  us_PPIO2   also_RR  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  guarantee_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  so_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  \0D_NP  \0R_NP  Vickers_NP  ,_,  \0Sec_NNSB1  ,_,  consumers'_NN2  advisory_JJ  council_NN  .  
  Orchard_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Orchard_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  .  
  153_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  at_IO  77_MC  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    I_PPIS1  read_VVD  with_IO  interest_NN  Courtenay_NP  Edwards's_PPIO2  comments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  telegraph_NN  about_IO  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wise_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  for_IO  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  fast_JJ  sports_NNS  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thing_NN  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  remember_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  faster_RRR  one_MC1  goes_VBZ  the_AT1  greater_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  concentration_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  77_MC  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  am_VBM  still_RR  driving_VBG  fast_JJ  sports_NNS  cars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  run_VV0  a_AT1  300_MC  \0S.L_NP  Mercedes_NP  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  done_VBN  153_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  and_CC  also_RR  a_AT1  135_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  Aston_NP  Martin_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  claim_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  my_APP$  age_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  necessary_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  these_DD2  exciting_JJ  cars_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  racing_JJ  driver_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  driving_VBG  these_DD2  cars_NNS  all_DB  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  main_JB  point_NN  really_RR  .  
  Howe_NP  .  
  chairman_NN  ,_,  \0RAC_NP  competitions_NNS  committee_NN  .  
  London_NP  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  .  
  self-criticism_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    you_PPY  may_VM  print_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  like_VV0  in_IO  your_APP$  entertaining_JJ  Sunday_NN1  paper_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  print_VV0  inaccurate_JJ  statements_NNS  about_IO  films_NNS  .  
  on_IO  page_NN  28_MC  last_DA  Sunday_NN1  you_PPY  reported_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  film_NN    rosen_&FW  fu"r_&FW  den_&FW  staatsanwalt_&FW    (_(  the_AT1  correct_JJ  title_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,    roses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecutor_NN    )_)  is_VBZ  of_IO  East_NP  German_JJ  origin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  Western_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  director_NN  ,_,  Wolfgang_NP  Staudte_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  worked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  \0DEFA_NP  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  eyes_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  politically_RR  suspect_JJ  .  
    roses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecutor_NN    is_VBZ  merely_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  many_DA  new_JJ  West_NP  German_JJ  productions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  like_IO    the_AT1  girl_NN  Rosemarie_NP  ,_,    take_VV0  a_AT1  tilt_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  establishment_NN    a_AT1  very_RG  healthy_JJ  sign_NN  in_IO  German_JJ  films_NNS  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  1933-1945_MC-MC  productions_NNS  .  
  Peter_NP  Seward_NP  .  
  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W.4_NP  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  when_CS \0MPs_NNSB2  go_VV0  abroad_RR  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    the_AT1  article_NN  by_IO  your_APP$  political_JJ  correspondent_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ian_NP  Waller_NP  ,_,  drawing_VBG  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  concern_NN  over_IO  \0MPs'_NPTS$  sponsored_JJ  trips_NNS  abroad_RR  ,_,  raises_VBZ  an_AT1  issue_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  avoided_VBN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  plain_JJ  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  for_IO  \0MPs_NNSB2  to_TO  accept_VV0  invitations_NNS  from_IO  foreign_JJ  governments_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  from_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  organisations_NNS  working_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  without_IO  being_VBG  compromised_VBN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  tend_VV0  to_TO  become_VV0  inhibited_JJ  or_CC  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  thick-skinned_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  rudeness_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  end_VV0  up_RP  taking_VBG  the_AT1  opposing_JJ  view_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  you_PPY  are_VBR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  but_CCB  leave_VV0  bad_JJ  blood_NN  .  
  as_IO  someone_PN1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  travelled_VBN  fairly_RR  extensively_RR  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  reluctantly_RR  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  ,_,  after_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  better_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  sponsored_JJ  trips_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  face_VV0  invidious_JJ  difficulties_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  declined_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  invitations_NNS  from_IO  foreign_JJ  governments_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  only_RR  gone_VBN  when_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO    work_VV0  my_APP$  passage_NN  ,_,    usually_RR  with_IO  my_APP$  pen_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  professional_JJ  journalist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  parliamentary_JJ  bodies_NNS  arranging_VBG  trips_NNS  abroad_RR  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  inter-parliamentary_JJ  union_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  always_RR  meet_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  solution_NN  probably_RR  is_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  available_JJ  to_IO  every_AT1  \0MP_NNSB1  an_AT1  overall_JB  foreign_JJ  travel_NN  allowance_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  use_VV0  (_(  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  it_PPH1  )_)  within_IO  the_AT1  lifetime_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  parliament_NN  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  major_JJ  journeys_NNS  or_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  short_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  only_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  can_VM  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  independent_JJ  ,_,  first-hand_JB  impressions_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  problems_NNS  affecting_VBG  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  on_IO  which_DDQ  our_APP$  parliament_NN  has_VHZ  on_IO  occasion_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  major_JJ  decisions_NNS  .  
  Desmond_NP  Donnelly_NP  .  
  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1    of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  rogues_NNS  in_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  find_VV0  in_IO  commerce_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  press_NN  .  
  without_IO  being_VBG  pious_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  no_AT1  \0MPs_NNSB2  who_PNQS would_VM  allow_VV0  their_APP$  parliamentary_JJ  activities_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  10-day_JB  trip_NN  to_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  central_JJ  Africa_NP  ,_,  or_CC  anywhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  Russia's_PPIO2  new_JJ  plans_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  post-war_JB  history_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  reached_VVD  its_APP$  tragic_JJ  climax_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  betrayal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attempts_NNS  at_IO  Geneva_NP  to_TO  reach_VV0  agreement_NN  on_IO  atomic_JJ  disarmament_NN  ,_,  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  excuse_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  coldness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reception_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  been_VBN  accorded_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  Soviet_NP  proposals_NNS  for_IO  settling_VBG  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  before_CS  Russia_NP  signs_VBZ  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  with_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  ministry_NN  spokesman_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_AT1  official_JJ  communications_NNS  or_CC  conversations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  leaders_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  western_JJ  ambassadors_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Kroll_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  West_NP  German_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  made_VBN  public_JJ  yesterday_NN1  do_VD0  seem_VV0  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  resume_VV0  discussions_NNS  :_:  and_CC  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  concession_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  willingness_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  to_TO  waive_VV0  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  demands_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  before_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  it_PPH1  are_VBR  worth_IO  considering_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN  lies_VBZ  within_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  are_VBR  experiencing_VBG  inside_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  bloc_NN  .  
  another_DD1  cause_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  spirited_JJ  reaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  uncommitted_JJ  nations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  gigantic_JJ  exercise_NN  in_IO  atomic_JJ  explosions_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  friends_NNS  have_VH0  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  shocking_VBG  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  friendly_JJ  towards_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  their_APP$  callous_JJ  indifference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  explosions_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  threatened_VBN  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  not_XX  least_RBT  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  people_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  another_DD1  important_JJ  factor_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  west_NN1  have_VH0  stood_VBN  firm_NN  ,_,  refusing_VBG  to_TO  panic_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  show_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  might_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  to_TO  concede_VV0  that_DD1  negotiation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  attain_VV0  his_APP$  ends_NNS  short_RR  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  embark_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  toned_VBN  down_RP  his_APP$  demands_NNS  by_IO  placing_VBG  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  powers_NNS  to_TO  reach_VV0  agreement_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  status_NN  for_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  which_DDQ  guarantees_VBZ  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  inhabitants_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  communications_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  peace_NN  treaty_NN  becomes_VBZ  an_AT1  also-ran_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  despite_IO  what_DDQ  obligations_NNS  the_AT1  \0NATO_NP  powers_NNS  may_VM  feel_VV0  towards_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  time_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  when_CS a_AT1  divided_JJ  Germany_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  divided_JJ  Berlin_NP  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  alternative_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  war_NN  .  
  or_CC  perhaps_RR  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  third_MD  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  way_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  in_IO  several_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  Berlin_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  independent_JJ  city_NN  and_CC  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  home_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  happens_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  look_VV0  like_IO  being_VBG  left_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  divided_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  in_IO  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  before_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  themselves_PPX2  who_PNQS are_VBR  at_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  problems_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  whatever_DDQ  terms_VBZ  their_APP$  conquerors_NNS  feel_VV0  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  peace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  spiritual_JJ  values_NNS  .  
  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  opened_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  social_JJ  sciences_NNS  building_NN  at_IO  Nottingham_NP  University_NNL1  yesterday_NN1  he_PPHO1  discussed_VVD  a_AT1  problem_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   all_DB  and_CC  one_MC1  that_PNQS has_VHZ  exercised_VBN  his_APP$  consideration_NN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
  his_APP$  concern_NN  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  juvenile_JJ  delinquency_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  ways_NNS  of_IO  combating_VBG  this_DD1  social_JJ  evil_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  to_TO  launch_VV0  a_AT1  campaign_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  moral_JJ  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  content_NN  of_IO  school_NN  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  submitted_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  our_APP$  society_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  evidence_NN  that_DD1  education_NN  was_VBDZ  failing_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  tempo_NN  of_IO  materialism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  disturbing_VBG  the_AT1  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  tragedies_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  our_APP$  busy_JJ  schools_NNS  are_VBR  kept_VBN  at_IO  full_JJ  stretch_NN  educating_VBG  the_AT1  young_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  things_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  complicated_JJ  world_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  ,_,  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  knows_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  moral_JJ  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  values_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  restated_VBN  clearly_RR  and_CC  taught_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  living_NN  .  
  religion_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  subject_NN  at_IO  school_NN  where_CS a_AT1  balance_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  denominations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  time_NN  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN  for_IO  communal_JJ  devotion_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lamentable_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  children_NNS  today_NN1  feel_VV0  embarrassed_JJ  and_CC  uncomfortable_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  worshipping_VBG  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  look_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  ,_,  distasteful_JJ  task_NN  that_PNQS fell_VVD  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Foulkes_NP  yesterday_NN1  .  
  for_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Foulkes_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  trades_NNS  union_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  that_DD1  union_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  that_DD1  capacity_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  elections_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union's_NN1$  general_JJ  executive_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  communists_NNS  have_VH0  suffered_VBN  an_AT1  overwhelming_JJ  defeat_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Foulkes_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  communist_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  as_RG  good_JJ  a_AT1  face_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  amount_VV0  to_IO  much_DA  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  gainsaying_VBG  the_AT1  facts_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  that_CS  the_AT1  communists_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  to_IO  three_MC  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  case_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  elections_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  now_RL  reduced_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  minority_NN  of_IO  two_MC  to_IO  nine_MC  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  only_RR  say_VV0  ,_,    remarked_VVD  the_AT1  president_NN  ,_,    that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  our_APP$  members_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  right_JJ  until_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  proved_VBN  wrong_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  unofficial_JJ  actions_NNS  against_IO  an_AT1  employer_NN  .    
  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  creed_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  the_AT1  members_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  rank-and-file_JB  members_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  cut_VBN  right_RR  across_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  path_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  possible_JJ    but_CCB  no_RR  more_RR  than_RR  possible_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN    that_CS  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  readmitted_VBN  to_IO  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trades_NNS  union_NN  congress_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  much_DA  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  indeed_RR  all_DB  ,_,  may_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Foulkes_NP  .  
  for_CS  while_CS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  would_VM  agree_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  reaffiliation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  not_XX  resigning_VBG  the_AT1  presidency_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0TUC_NP  itself_PPX1  would_VM  agree_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,    if_CS  affiliation_NN  to_IO  Congress_NP  depends_VBZ  on_IO  my_APP$  resignation_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  affiliated_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  directive_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0TUC_NP  general_JJ  council_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  expulsion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  asking_VBG  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Foulkes_NP  should_VM  resign_VV0  his_APP$  office_NN  and_CC  submit_VV0  himself_PPX1  again_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  for_IO  re-election_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  readmission_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  members_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  want_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  this_DD1  actually_RR  comes_VBZ  about_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  blow_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  struck_VBN  against_IO  communist_JJ  influence_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  that_PNQS should_VM  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  struck_VBN  long_RR  ago_RR  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  executive_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  can_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  stewardship_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS elected_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  tantamount_JJ  to_IO  dictatorship_NN    and_CC  dictatorship_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  mainspring_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  creed_NN    is_VBZ  suffered_VBN  to_TO  continue_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  union_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  put_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  apathy_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  members_NNS  .  
  apathy_NN  in_IO  others_DA2  is_VBZ  the_AT1  main_JB  ally_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  communists_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  enabled_VBN  them_PPHO1  to_TO  rule_VV0  the_AT1  roost_NN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  councils_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0ETU_NP  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  change_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  will_VM  be_VB0  reflected_VBN  in_IO  policy_NN  and_CC  performance_NN  .  
  barrier_NN  to_IO  peace_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle's_PPIO2  recent_JJ  optimistic_JJ  statement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Algerian_JJ  problem_NN  makes_VBZ  somewhat_RR  curious_JJ  reading_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  developments_NNS  as_CS  reported_VBN  from_IO  Oran_NP  .  
  for_CS  yesterday_NN1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  that_CS  ex-General_NNSB1  Raoul_NP  Salan_NP  has_VHZ  ordered_VBN  a_AT1  progressive_JJ  recruitment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  male_JJ  population_NN  in_IO  Algeria_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  illegal_JJ  \0OAS_NP  army_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  leader_NN  .  
  Salan_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  France_NP  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  for_IO  treasonable_JJ  acts_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  determined_JJ  ,_,  come_VV0  what_DDQ  may_VM  ,_,  that_CS  Algeria_NP  shall_VM  remain_VV0  French_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  despite_IO  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  native_JJ  population_NN  may_VM  say_VV0  or_CC  do_VD0  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  Salan_NP  ,_,  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  de_&FW  Gaulle's_PPIO2  bitterest_JJT  opponents_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  certain_JJ  advantages_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  these_DD2  will_VM  not_XX  necessarily_RR  prove_VV0  decisive_JJ  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  man_NN  actually_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  weave_VV0  his_APP$  plots_NNS  from_IO  an_AT1    underground_JB    headquarters_NN  .  
  and_CC  indeed_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  little_DA  if_CS  any_DD  option_NN  here_RL  ,_,  for_CS  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  would_VM  obviously_RR  carry_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  very_RG  serious_JJ  risks_NNS  for_IO  himself_PPX1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  captured_VBN  and_CC  taken_VBN  under_IO  guard_NN  to_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  undoubtedly_RR  go_VV0  hard_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  that_DD1  sentence_NN  of_IO  death_NN  hanging_VBG  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  advantages_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  presumably_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  weight_NN  of_IO  native_JJ  opinion_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  considerable_JJ  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  government_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  omens_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  good_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  indications_NNS  are_VBR  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  before_CS  the_AT1  Algerian_JJ  problem_NN  is_VBZ  finally_RR  resolved_VBN  .  
  grants_NNS  to_IO  students_NNS  .  
  whatever_DDQ  blemishes_NNS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  education_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  reading_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  moved_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  Eccles_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fair_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  its_APP$  fundamental_JJ  principles_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  it_PPH1  should_VM  prove_VV0  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  grants_NNS  to_IO  students_NNS  attending_VBG  first-degree_JB  courses_NNS  at_IO  universities_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  as_CS  things_NNS  stand_VV0  at_IO  present_NN  ,_,  certain_JJ  inequalities_NNS  that_PNQS cry_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  correction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  this_DD1  about_RP  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  said_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  measures_NNS  proposed_VBN  are_VBR  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  everybody_PN1  in_IO  all_DB  respects_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  desirability_NN  of_IO  automatic_JJ  awards_NNS  and_CC  uniformity_NN  of_IO  treatment_NN  is_VBZ  generally_RR  accepted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  grants_NNS  system_NN  ,_,  remarked_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  grown_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  complicated_JJ  animal_NN  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  will_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  really_RR  significant_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  awards_NNS  students_NNS  at_IO  universities_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  once_CS  a_AT1  student_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  first-degree_JB  course_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  qualifications_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  award_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  his_PP$  (_(  or_CC  hers_PP$  )_)  by_IO  right_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  local_JJ  education_NN  authorities_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  bill_NN  would_VM  impose_VV0  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  these_DD2  awards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  empower_VV0  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  prescribe_VV0  financial_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  conditions_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  conform_VV0  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  that_CS  future_JB  governments_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  committed_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  public_JJ  funds_NNS  available_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  purposes_NNS  keep_VV0  pace_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  university_NN  students_NNS  .  
  in_IO  future_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  student_NN  would_VM  know_VV0  for_RR  certain_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  ,_,  precisely_RR  how_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  qualify_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  award_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  award_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  means_NNS  test_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  retained_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  relaxed_JJ  form_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  bill_NN  has_VHZ  another_DD1  purpose_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  concerning_IO  school-leaving_JB  dates_NNS  for_IO  children_NNS  aged_JJ  fifteen_MC  .  
  the_AT1  intention_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  to_TO  reduce_VV0  these_DD2  dates_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  year_NN  from_IO  three_MC  to_IO  two_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  at_IO  Easter_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  term_NN  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  compromise_NN  between_IO  what_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  method_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  school_NN  organisation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  for_CS  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  organisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  ,_,  most_RG  convenient_JJ  plan_NN  would_VM  undoubtedly_RR  be_VB0  to_TO  have_VH0  only_RR  one_MC1  leaving_NN  date_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  then_RL  that_DD1  would_VM  obviously_RR  pose_VV0  certain_JJ  special_JJ  difficulties_NNS  for_IO  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  that_CS  practically_RR  a_AT1  whole_JJ  age_NN  group_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  looking_VBG  for_IO  jobs_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  circumstances_NNS  it_PPH1  would_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  hard_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  impossible_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  absorb_VV0  within_IO  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  time_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  thus_RR  been_VBN  thrown_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  one_MC1  swoop_NN  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  market_NN  .  
  a_AT1  family_NN  affair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flood_NN  of_IO  facts_NNS  and_CC  opinions_NNS  lately_RR  released_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  season_NN  may_VM  at_IO  times_NNS  seem_VV0  indigestible_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  layman_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  true_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  when_CS many_DA  conferences_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  education_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  various_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  subjects_NNS  more_RG  vital_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  and_CC  ourselves_PPX2  as_IO  individuals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  discussions_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  a_AT1  level_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  readily_RR  understandable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  layman_NN  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  every_AT1  layman_NN  (_(  and_CC  woman_NN  )_)  owes_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  children_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  education_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  all_DB  education_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  point_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  before_II  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  overemphasized_VBN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  widely_RR  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  family_NN  influence_NN  for_IO  good_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  in_IO  income_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  \0M_NP  \0G_NP  Green_NP  ,_,  headmistress_NN  of_IO  Kidbrooke_NP  School_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  this_DD1  clear_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  addressed_VVD  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  education_NN  conference_NN  in_IO  Newcastle_NP  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  parents_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  those_DD2  with_IO  high_JJ  incomes_NNS  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  classes_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  and_CC  make_VV0  sacrifices_NNS  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  children_NNS  have_VH0  advantages_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  themselves_PPX2  lacked_VVD  .  
  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  and_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  family_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  waning_JJ  influence_NN  because_IO  of_II  declining_JJ  moral_JJ  standards_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  distraction_NN  of_IO  television_NN  ,_,  or_CC  some_DD  such_DA  modern_JJ  menace_NN  ,_,  real_JJ  or_CC  imagined_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  heartening_JJ  re-assurance_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  speaker_NN  in_IO  Glasgow_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  \0A_NP  Mack_NP  ,_,  Stevenson_NP  lecturer_NN  in_IO  citizenship_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  speaking_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  three-day_JB  meeting_NN  held_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  masters'_NN2  association_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  his_APP$  audience_NN  that_CS  although_CS  family_NN  ties_NNS  were_VBDR  weakening_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  family_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  toughest_JJT  ,_,  most_RG  flexible_JJ  ,_,  most_RG  adaptable_JJ  ,_,  most_RG  ineradicable_JJ  institution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  society_NN  .  
  such_DA  intensive_JJ  studies_NNS  of_IO  family_NN  life_NN  as_CS  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  indicated_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  ancient_JJ  and_CC  formidable_JJ  institution_NN  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  up_RP  well_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  strains_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  life_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  family_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  virtually_RR  indestructible_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  is_VBZ  often_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  improvement_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  instrument_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  improvement_NN  are_VBR  available_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  will_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  lacking_JJ  .  
  true_JJ  comprehensive_JJ  education_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  only_RR  when_CS parents_NNS  ,_,  teachers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  children_NNS  ,_,  work_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  team_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  senior_JJ  members_NNS  occasionally_RR  exercising_VBG  the_AT1  veto_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  .  
  merger_NN  moves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  bargain_NN  struck_VBN  with_IO  shipbuilding_NN  workers_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  improve_VV0  the_AT1  competitive_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  wage_NN  increase_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  one-sided_JJ  .  
  reorganization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yards_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  to_TO  play_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  experienced_JJ  shipbuilders_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  coast_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Gray_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Hartlepool_NP  shipbuilding_NN  ,_,  repairing_NN  and_CC  engineering_NN  company_NN  which_DDQ  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  family_NN  name_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  recently_RR  that_CS  more_DA  integration_NN  of_IO  shipyards_NNS  would_VM  achieve_VV0  economies_NNS  and_CC  lead_VV0  to_IO  better_JJ  planning_NN  .  
  his_APP$  view_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  larger_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  operating_VBG  more_RG  closely_RR  together_RR  ,_,  could_VM  undertake_VV0  research_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  producing_VBG  ships_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  technically_RR  more_RG  advanced_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  schools_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  consortiums_NNS    one_MC1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  lead_VV0  inevitably_RR  to_TO  cheaper_JJ  ships_NNS  and_CC  engines_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  become_VV0  administratively_RR  top_NN  heavy_JJ  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  in_IO  shops_NNS  and_CC  ships_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  experience_NN  on_IO  Wearside_NP  of_IO  grouping_VBG  of_IO  shipyards_NNS  is_VBZ  that_DD1  efficiency_NN  improves_VBZ  without_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  ties_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  established_VBN  the_AT1  river's_NN1$  reputation_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  ships_NNS  and_CC  good_JJ  relationships_NNS  at_IO  yard_NN  level_NN  .  
  exploratory_JJ  talks_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  about_RP  to_TO  begin_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  closer_JJ  link_NN  between_IO  William_NP  Doxford_NP  and_CC  Sons_NNSB2  and_CC  the_AT1  Sunderland_NP  shipbuilding_NN  group_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  North_NP  Sands_NPLS  and_CC  Deptford_NP  shipyards_NNS  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  statement_NN  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  companies_NNS  uses_VBZ  the_AT1  phrase_NN    increased_JJ  co-operation_NN  ,_,    thereby_RR  inferring_VBG  quite_RR  accurately_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  concerns_NNS  already_RR  work_VV0  together_RR  .  
  a_AT1  check_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ships_NNS  launched_VBN  by_IO  Laing's_PPIO2  and_CC  Thompson's_PPIO2  shows_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  a_AT1  high_JJ  proportion_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  fitted_VBN  with_IO  Doxford_NP  machinery_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  clearer_JJ  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sunderland_NP  shipbuilding_NN  group's_NN1$  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Doxford_NP  product_NN  than_IO  its_APP$  decision_NN  to_TO  equip_VV0  the_AT1  20,000-ton_JB  Deptford-built_JJ  tanker_NN  Montana_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  Doxford_NP    P_ZZ1    engine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  talks_NNS  are_VBR  confined_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  and_CC  frank_JJ  exchange_NN  of_IO  views_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  speculation_NN  is_VBZ  premature_JJ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  companies_NNS  have_VH0  announced_VBN  their_APP$  intention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  stock_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  months_NNS  before_CS  a_AT1  further_JB  statement_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  but_CCB  one_MC1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  promised_VBN  when_CS   the_AT1  position_NN  is_VBZ  clarified_VBN  .    
  meanwhile_RR  the_AT1  second_MD  ship_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  fitted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1    P_ZZ1    engine_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  launched_VBN  next_DA  week_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Wear_NP    and_CC  the_AT1  builders_NNS  are_VBR  Thompson's_PPIO2  .  
  relaxing_VBG  a_AT1  ban_NN  .  
  Wear_NP  shipbuilders_NNS  ,_,  experiencing_VBG  difficulty_NN  in_IO  engaging_VBG  skilled_JJ  platers_NNS  ,_,  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boilermakers'_NN2  society_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  a_AT1  limited_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  boys_NNS  to_TO  train_VV0  as_IO  platers_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  will_VM  all_DB  others_DA2  with_IO  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  Sunderland's_PPIO2  basic_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  the_AT1  society_NN  imposed_VVD  its_APP$  embargo_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  apprentices_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  yards_NNS  because_IO  of_II  unemployment_NN  among_IO  its_APP$  adult_JJ  members_NNS  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  boilermakers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  out_RP  of_IO  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reduced_VBN  steadily_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  society_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  consider_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  is_VBZ  opportune_JJ  to_TO  relax_VV0  the_AT1  ban_NN  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  welders_NNS  ,_,  riveters_NNS  ,_,  burners_NNS  and_CC  heaters_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  shipbuilders_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  put_VVD  forward_RR  an_AT1  irrefutable_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  resuming_VBG  apprenticeships_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  plating_NN  trade_NN  and_CC  here_RL  the_AT1  Wear_NP  district_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  has_VHZ  given_VBN  ground_NN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  intake_NN  will_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  strictly_RR  limited_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  society_NN  has_VHZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  watching_VBG  closely_RR  unemployment_NN  among_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  ban_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Wear_NP  shipbuilders'_NN2  association_NN  considers_VBZ  that_CS  full_JJ  recruiting_NN  of_IO  apprentices_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  resumed_VBN  immediately_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  union_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boys_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  served_VBN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  shipyard_NN  unemployment_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  fall_VV0  on_IO  Wearside_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  society_NN  will_VM  find_VV0  itself_PPX1  hard_RR  pressed_VBN  to_TO  justify_VV0  its_APP$  action_NN  in_IO  depriving_VBG  upwards_RR  of_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  boys_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  train_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  town's_NN1$  chief_JB  industry_NN  .  
  striking_JJ  appeal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  58,000_MC  people_NNS  who_PNQS saw_VVD  Sunderland_NP  defeat_VV0  Arsenal_NP  at_IO  Roker_NP  Park_NNL1  last_DA  Saturday_NN1  included_VVD  probably_RR  a_AT1  preponderance_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  very_RG  few_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  majority_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  regarded_VBN  the_AT1  game_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  combined_JJ  operation_NN  between_IO  fellow_JB  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  occasional_JJ  delicate_JJ  demarcation_NN  disputes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  mass_NN  partisanship_NN  recognized_VVD  no_AT1  boundaries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  easily_RR  concede_VV0  equal_JJ  rights_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  white-shirt_JB  workers_NNS  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  may_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  forgotten_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  threatened_JJ  footballers'_NN2  strike_NN  kicks-off_VBZ  on_IO  January_NN1  21_MC  ,_,  one_MC1  week_NN  before_CS  Sunderland_NP  are_VBR  due_JJ  to_TO  visit_VV0  Liverpool_NP  on_IO  urgent_JJ  business_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0T.U.C_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  become_VBN  involved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  an_AT1  emergency_NN  resolution_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  east_NN1  federation_NN  of_IO  trades_NNS  councils_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Jarrow_NP  and_CC  Hebburn_NP  branch_NN  urging_VBG  moral_JJ  and_CC  financial_JJ  support_NN  designed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  crowds_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  any_DD  game_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  ,_,  other_DA  than_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  players_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  (_(  hitherto_RR  the_AT1  problem_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  in_RP  .  )_)  
  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  working_NN  solidarity_NN  the_AT1  good_JJ  trade_NN  unionist_NN  is_VBZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  change_VV0  his_APP$  leisure_NN  habits_NNS  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  players_NNS  who_PNQS may_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  play_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  good_JJ  measure_NN  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  chance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  overnight_JB  fortune_NN  by_IO  boycotting_VBG  football_NN  pools_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  even_RR  the_AT1  white_JJ  ball_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  declared_VBN  black_JJ  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  rights_NNS  or_CC  wrongs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dispute_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  impartial_JJ  spectator_NN    if_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN    will_VM  surely_RR  agree_VV0  that_CS  rarely_RR  has_VHZ  trade_NN  union_NN  loyalty_NN  faced_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  baffling_JJ  test_NN  .  
  cold_NN  war_NN  front_NN  .  
  the_AT1  announcement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  that_CS  experiments_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  cold_NN  research_NN  unit_NN  at_IO  Salisbury_NP  are_VBR  having_VHG  to_TO  be_VB0  postponed_VBN  because_IO  of_II  a_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  volunteers_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  sneezed_VBN  at_IO  .  
  apparently_RR  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  quite_RR  prepared_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  50-50_MC-MC  chance_NN  of_IO  catching_JJ  cold_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  shrink_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  months_NNS  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  pint_NN  of_IO  beer_NN  each_DD1  day_NN  and_CC  3_MC  \0s_NNU  pocket_NN  money_NN  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  potential_JJ  value_NN  to_IO  suffering_JJ  humanity_NN  this_DD1  seasonal_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO    guinea_NN  pigs_NNS    is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  regrettable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  explanation_NN  quite_RR  so_RG  simple_JJ  .  
  could_VM  not_XX  the_AT1  shortage_NN  be_VB0  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  grip_NN  the_AT1  common_JJ  cold_NN  takes_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  places_NNS  and_CC  people_NNS  far_RR  removed_VBN  from_IO  Salisbury_NP  .  
  Wearsiders_NP2  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  may_VM  reasonably_RR  reflect_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  much_DA  point_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  sacrificial_JJ  journey_NN  to_IO  Wiltshire_NP  if_CS  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pilgrimage_NN  overtakes_VBZ  one_MC1  at_IO  Newbottle_NP  ,_,  Shiney_NP  Row_NNL1  ,_,  Pity_NP  Me_NP  or_CC  Cold_NP  Hesledon_NP  .  
  come_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  places_NNS    and_CC  others_DA2  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  contain_VV0  less_DA  cold_JJ  comfort_NN    might_VM  well_RR  claim_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  common_JJ  cold_NN  research_NN  units_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  at_IO  this_DD1  season_NN  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  common_JJ  remedy_NN  is_VBZ  uncommonly_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  discovery_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   would_VM  subscribe_VV0  is_VBZ  that_DD1  established_VBN  long_RR  ago_RR  by_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  sufferer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  cold_NN  is_VBZ  both_DB2  positive_JJ  and_CC  negative_JJ  :_:  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  have_VH0  it_PPH1  and_CC  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  nose_NN  .  
  home_NN1  and_CC  safety_NN  .  
  few_DA  men_NNS  would_VM  covet_VV0  a_AT1  constantly_RR  nagging_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  though_CS  many_DA  may_VM  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  escaping_VBG  occasional_JJ  one-sided_JJ  exercises_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  ungentle_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  feminine_JJ  raillery_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  certain_JJ  circumstances_NNS  a_AT1  nagging_JJ  wife_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  asset_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  coal_NN  board_NN  officials_NNS  who_PNQS made_VVD  1960_MC  a_AT1  special_JJ    safety_NN    year_NN  for_IO  Yorkshire_NP  miners_NNS  sharp_JJ  tongues_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  may_VM  have_VH0  helped_VBN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  deaths_NNS  and_CC  serious_JJ  injuries_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  120,000_MC  miners_NNS  each_DD1  received_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  divisional_JJ  chairman_NN  urging_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  safety_NN  conscious_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  by_IO  post_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  men's_NN2  homes_NN2  so_CS  that_CS  wives_NNS  could_VM  also_RR  read_VV0  it_PPH1    and_CC  perhaps_RR  nag_VV0  their_APP$  menfolk_NNS  into_IO  taking_VBG  extra_JJ  care_NN  .  
  now_RL  provisional_JJ  accident_NN  figures_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  suggest_VV0  that_CS  wifely_JJ  strictures_NNS  were_VBDR  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  ineffective_JJ  since_CS  rates_NNS  for_IO  both_DB2  deaths_NNS  and_CC  injuries_NNS  were_VBDR  reduced_VBN  .  
  seriously_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  miners'_NN2  wives_NNS  ever_RR  need_VV0  prompting_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  concern_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  men's_NN2  safety_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pits_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  pit_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  safe_JJ  pit_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  slogan_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Durham_NP  division_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  accident_NN  rate_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  coalfield_NN  is_VBZ  lower_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  is_VBZ  at_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  incentive_NN  to_IO  further_JB  improvement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  also_RR  fairly_RR  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  good_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  naturally_RR  anxious_JJ  wives_NNS  .  
  enter_VV0  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  .  
  unlike_IO  his_APP$  two_MC  predecessors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  presidency_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  \0F_NP  Kennedy_NP  will_VM  take_VV0  office_NN  this_DD1  week_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS the_AT1  world_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  technically_RR  ,_,  at_IO  peace_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Truman_NP  took_VVD  over_RP  during_IO  world_NN  war_NN  2_MC  .  
  President_NNSB1  Eisenhower_NP  assumed_VVD  office_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  Korean_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  conflict_NN  which_DDQ  to_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  ranked_VVD  close_RR  in_IO  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  war_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  surest_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  winning_VBG  a_AT1  war_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  relatively_RR  simple_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  building_VBG  up_RP  physical_JJ  strength_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  both_DB2  Truman_NP  and_CC  Eisenhower_NP  achieved_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  takes_VBZ  office_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS problems_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  subtle_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  answers_NNS  are_VBR  harder_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  in_IO  wealth_NN  and_CC  physical_JJ  resources_NNS  America_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  strongest_JJT  nation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  no_RR  longer_RRR  holds_VBZ  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  world_NN  dominance_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  hers_PP$  when_CS President_NNSB1  Eisenhower_NP  took_VVD  office_NN  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  decade_NN  Russia_NP  and_CC  western_JJ  Europe_NP  have_VH0  recovered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  devastation_NN  they_PPHS2  suffered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  China_NP  is_VBZ  developing_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  status_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  vast_JJ  population_NN  entitles_VBZ  her_PPHO1  .  
  new_JJ  nations_NNS  emerge_VV0  in_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  Asia_NP  which_DDQ  are_VBR  less_RG  willing_JJ  than_CS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  west_NN1  European_JJ  countries_NNS  to_TO  regard_VV0  American_JJ  economic_JJ  aid_NN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  co-operation_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  history_NN  finds_VBZ  herself_PPX1  playing_VBG  a_AT1  major_JJ  role_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  stage_NN  without_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  sole_JB  centre_NN  of_IO  attraction_NN  .  
  other_DA  stars_NNS  have_VH0  joined_VBN  the_AT1  cast_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  stars_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  largely_RR  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  wise_JJ  American_JJ  statesmanship_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  situation_NN  any_RR  easier_JJ  .  
  last_DA  years_NNS  at_IO  school_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Amory_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  head_VV0  the_AT1  central_JJ  advisory_JJ  council_NN  for_IO  education_NN  during_IO  its_APP$  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  13_MC  to_IO  16_MC  age_NN  group_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  schools_NNS  and_CC  further_JB  education_NN  institutes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  within_IO  this_DD1  age_NN  group_NN  that_CS  outlooks_NNS  are_VBR  formed_VBN  and_CC  decisions_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  that_CS  lead_VV0  to_IO  lamentable_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  ,_,  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  lives_NNS  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Amory's_PPIO2  long-standing_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  youth_NN    particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  teenagers_NNS  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN    will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  great_JJ  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  as_CS  will_VM  his_APP$  personal_JJ  experience_NN  in_IO  medium-sized_JJ  industry_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  youngsters_NNS  must_VM  find_VV0  their_APP$  first_MD  jobs_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  considerations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  use_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  in_IO  school_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  use_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  additional_JJ  year_NN  when_CS the_AT1  leaving_NN  age_NN  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  to_IO  16_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  far_RR  too_RG  long_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  to_TO  adapt_VV0  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  situation_NN  when_CS the_AT1  leaving_NN  age_NN  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  to_IO  15_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  council_NN  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  feel_VV0  that_CS  much_RR  more_RG  positive_JJ  planning_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  soon_RR  to_TO  prepare_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  year_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  useful_JJ  evidence_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  14-_MC  to_IO  15-year-olds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pattern_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  uneven_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  highly_RR  informative_JJ  .  
  reduced_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  simplest_JJT  form_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  in_IO  school_NN  (_(  for_IO  those_DD2  children_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  grammar_NN  or_CC  senior_JJ  technical_JJ  school_NN  )_)  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  broaden_VV0  the_AT1  youngsters'_NN2  minds_NNS  or_CC  for_IO  elementary_JJ  vocational_JJ  training_NN  to_TO  equip_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  jobs_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  broad_JJ  arguments_NNS  about_IO  desirability_NN  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  there_EX  are_VBR  often_RR  local_JJ  complications_NNS  when_CS particular_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  need_VV0  regular_JJ  intakes_NNS  of_IO  school-leavers_NNS  in_IO  particular_JJ  localities_NNS  .  
  any_DD  teacher_NN  will_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  pursue_VV0  both_DB2  lines_NNS  effectively_RR  during_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  year_NN  .  
  some_DD  formal_JJ  subject_NN  teaching_NN  must_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  in_IO  either_LE  case_NN  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  left_VBN  over_RP  can_VM  be_VB0  fully_RR  occupied_VBN  either_LE  in_IO  lectures_NNS  ,_,  discussions_NNS  and_CC  demonstrations_NNS  aimed_VBN  at_IO  broadening_VBG  the_AT1  understanding_NN  or_CC  in_IO  practical_JJ  group_NN  work_NN  taking_VBG  in_IO  pre-apprenticeship_JB  training_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  accommodate_VV0  both_DB2  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  leaving_NN  age_NN  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  to_IO  16_MC  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  marked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  departure_NN  from_IO  strict_JJ  subject_NN  teaching_NN  .  
  vocational_JJ  training_NN  and_CC  appreciation_NN  courses_NNS  could_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  developed_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  two-year_JB  curriculum_NN  with_IO  some_DD  hope_NN  of_IO  success_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  directions_NNS  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  advisory_JJ  council_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  concerned_VBN  mainly_RR  with_IO  children_NNS  of_IO  average_JJ  ability_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  charged_VBN  also_RR  with_IO  considering_VBG  those_DD2  who_PNQS fall_VV0  below_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  should_VM  cover_VV0  both_DB2  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  report_NN  will_VM  treat_VV0  them_PPHO1  separately_RR  for_CS  special_JJ  provisions_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  apply_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  case_NN  .  
  \0S_NP  Rhodesia_NP  agreement_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  does_VBZ  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  look_VV0  very_RG  far_RR  for_IO  an_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unexpected_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  future_NN  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  ounce_NN  of_IO  example_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  a_AT1  ton_NN  of_IO  exhortation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  example_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  confronted_VBN  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  reports_NNS  from_IO  Salisbury_NP  show_NN  that_CS  Africans_NP2  and_CC  Europeans_NP2  alike_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  severely_RR  shaken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  realisation_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  can_VM  happen_VV0  when_CS political_JJ  extremism_NN  leads_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  break-down_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  Africans_NP2  in_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  lose_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  gained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  little_DA  though_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  the_AT1  European_JJ  community_NN  certainly_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  everything_PN1  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  created_VBN  come_VV0  crashing_VBG  down_RP  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  neither_LE  side_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  forward_RR  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  African_JJ  and_CC  European_JJ  leaders_NNS  have_VH0  now_RL  decided_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  forward_RR  together_RR  ,_,  even_RR  a_AT1  limited_JJ  distance_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  encouraging_JJ  event_NN  in_IO  central_JJ  Africa_NP  since_CS  federation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  territories_NNS  there_RL  took_VVD  shape_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  too_RG  early_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  effect_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  upon_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  European_JJ  community_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  smaller_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  grounds_NNS  for_IO  hope_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  constitutional_JJ  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  may_VM  achieve_VV0  little_DA  .  
  hitherto_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  who_PNQS have_VH0  favoured_VBN  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  who_PNQS have_VH0  mainly_RR  opposed_VBN  it_PPH1  (_(  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0  permanent_JJ  subjugation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  powerful_JJ  European_JJ  community_NN  in_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  )_)  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  with_IO  signs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  liberal_JJ  outlook_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  advance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Africans'_NP2  position_NN  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  softening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  should_VM  ease_VV0  or_CC  remove_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  fears_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  among_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  thus_RR    and_CC  this_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  really_RR  important_JJ  gain_NN    there_EX  is_VBZ  once_RR  again_RR  some_DD  hope_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  central_JJ  African_JJ  federation_NN  can_VM  remain_VV0  in_IO  existence_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  torn_VBN  apart_RP  either_LE  by_IO  the_AT1  Southern_NP  Rhodesian_NN1  government's_NN1$  determination_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  or_CC  by_IO  African_JJ  suspicions_NNS  .  
  federation_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  if_CS  this_DD1  area_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  develop_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  means_NNS  to_TO  sustain_VV0  political_JJ  advance_NN  .  
  racial_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  divisions_NNS  still_RR  threaten_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  today_NN1  there_EX  is_VBZ  new_JJ  hope_NN  where_CS only_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  ago_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  but_IO  despondency_NN  and_CC  suspicion_NN  .  
  Piccadilly_NP  Circus_NNL1  .  
  at_IO  first_MD  glance_NN  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Holford's_PPIO2  design_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Piccadilly_NP  Circus_NNL1  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  disappointing_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  alarming_JJ  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  will_VM  ask_VV0  ,_,      is_VBZ  this_DD1  really_RR  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  become_VV0  of_IO  Piccadilly_NP  Circus_NNL1  ,_,    and_CC  will_VM  shrink_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  .  
  architectural_JJ  models_NNS  are_VBR  liable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  misleading_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  viewed_VBN  from_IO  an_AT1  above-the-rooftops_JB  position_NN  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  no_PN1  one_PN  will_VM  ever_RR  stop_VV0  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  the_AT1  Circus_NNL1  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  level_NN    from_IO  this_DD1  angle_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  fleeting_JJ  view_NN  with_IO  swiftly-changing_JB  vistas_NNS  seen_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  helicopter_NN  .  
  looked_VBN  at_IO  from_IO  above_II  ,_,  the_AT1  model_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Holford_NP  scheme_NN  leaves_VBZ  an_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  congestion_NN  ,_,  jumble_NN  ,_,  confusion_NN  and_CC  meanness_NN  .  
  to_TO  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  pedestrian's_NN1$  view_NN  from_IO  somewhere_RR  near_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  Eros_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  contradict_VV0  such_DA  impressions_NNS  but_CCB  reinforces_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  congestion_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  surface_NN  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Circus_NNL1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  substantially_RR  reduced_VBN  from_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  today_NN1  .  
  jumble_NN  because_CS  no_AT1  discernible_JJ  formal_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  buildings_NNS  and_CC  pedestrian_NN  platforms_NNS  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  confusion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  reason_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  worse_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  compression_NN  of_IO  traffic_NN  into_IO  narrow_JJ  canyons_NNS  and_CC  tunnels_NNS  between_IO  and_CC  under_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  and_CC  pedestrian_NN  decks_NNS  .  
  meanness_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  meagre_JJ  square_NN  shut_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  immense_JJ  buildings_NNS  on_IO  all_DB  sides_NNS    and_CC  meanness_NN  because_CS  plainly_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  thoughts_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_NN  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  area_NN  for_IO  new_JJ  building_NN  .  
  the_AT1  publicity_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  scheme_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  launched_VBN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1    gaiety_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Circus_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  gaiety_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  expansive_JJ  mood_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  is_VBZ  restrictive_JJ  and_CC  oppressive_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  intimacy_NN  of_IO  college_NN  quadrangle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  enclosed_JJ  treatment_NN  adopted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Holford_NP  design_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  attractive_JJ  from_IO  an_AT1  Oxford_NP  standpoint_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN    but_CCB  not_XX  when_CS an_AT1  area_NN  about_RR  as_RG  big_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  largish_JJ  quadrangle_NN  is_VBZ  flanked_VBN  with_IO  buildings_NNS  10_MC  to_IO  15_MC  storeys_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  government_NN  intervened_VVD  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jack_NP  Cotton_NP  monster_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Monico_NP  site_NN  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Piccadilly_NP  Circus_NNL1  might_VM  be_VB0  redeveloped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  situation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Holford_NP  proposal_NN  fails_VBZ  on_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  score_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  .  
  a_AT1  much_RR  better_JJ  solution_NN  exists_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  drawn_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  county_NN  council's_NN1$  architects_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  perfect_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  of_IO  spaciousness_NN  ,_,  harmony_NN  and_CC  style_NN  that_PNQS one_MC1  looks_VBZ  for_IO  in_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  city_NN  centre_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  considerable_JJ  advantages_NNS  in_IO  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  design_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  controversy_NN  .  
  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  readers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  mail_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  publishes_VBZ  its_APP$  10,000th_MD  number_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  readers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  share_VV0  our_APP$  pleasure_NN  in_IO  reaching_VBG  a_AT1  round_JJ  number_NN  large_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  warrant_VV0  a_AT1  minor_JJ  celebration_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  compliment_NN  of_IO  buying_VBG  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  success_NN  in_IO  providing_VBG  them_PPHO1  with_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  a_AT1  paper's_NN1$  relations_NNS  with_IO  its_APP$  readers_NNS  can_VM  ever_RR  be_VB0  quite_RR  as_RG  simple_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  or_CC  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  the_AT1  paper_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  track_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hunt_NN  after_IO  circulation_NN  at_IO  any_DD  price_NN  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  disaster_NN  to_IO  some_DD  papers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  done_VBN  the_AT1  profession_NN  of_IO  journalism_NN  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  damage_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  policy_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  pursued_VBN  by_IO  papers_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  position_NN  .  
  like_VV0  most_DA  provincial_JJ  evening_NN  papers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  mail_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  daily_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  news_NN  (_(  though_CS  we_PPIS2  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  of_IO  some_DD  competition_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  evening_NN  papers_NNS  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  imposes_VBZ  obligations_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  paper_NN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  position_NN  should_VM  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  merely_RR  please_VV0  its_APP$  readers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  news_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  area_NN  accurately_RR  and_CC  without_IO  bias_NN  .  
  points_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  paper_NN  may_VM  not_XX  share_VV0  must_VM  be_VB0  reported_VBN  .  
  minority_NN  interests_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  their_APP$  claim_NN  on_IO  space_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  a_AT1  recipe_NN  for_IO  maximum_JJ  popularity_NN  .  
  but_CCB  popularity_NN  by_IO  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  good_JJ  test_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  paper_NN  .  
  a_AT1  paper_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  unpopular_JJ  when_CS necessary_JJ    especially_RR  a_AT1  local_JJ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  exposed_VBN  to_IO  pressures_NNS  at_IO  close_JJ  quarters_NNS  to_TO  soft_VV0  pedal_VB"  or_CC  even_RR  suppress_VV0  when_CS its_APP$  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  open_JJ  and_CC  provocative_JJ  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  official_JJ  editorial_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  paper_NN  should_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  taken_VBN  that_DD1  view_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  recall_VV0  an_AT1  editor_NN  who_PNQS once_RR  proclaimed_VVD  ,_,      I_PPIS1  have_VH0  nailed_VBN  my_APP$  colours_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  fence_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  wit_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  paragon_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  event_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  mail_NN  and_CC  Times_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  encourage_VV0  differences_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  and_CC  weekly_JJ  papers_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  under_IO  separate_JJ  editorship_NN  .  
  when_CS boiled_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  essentials_NNS  the_AT1  functions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  are_VBR  remarkably_RR  simple_JJ    though_CS  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  essence_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  and_CC  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  right_RR  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  balance_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  about_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  controversy_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  paper_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  stuffy_JJ  in_IO  observing_VBG  such_DA  principles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  exciting_JJ  world_NN  we_PPIS2  live_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  and_CC  Oxford_NP  shares_VBZ  in_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  our_APP$  world_NN  gets_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  mail_NN  succeeds_VBZ  in_IO  reporting_VBG  what_DDQ  goes_VBZ  on_RP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  shedding_VBG  useful_JJ  illumination_NN  upon_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  ,_,  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  ,_,  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  readers_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  worth_IO  doing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  Congo_NP  after_IO  Lumumba_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  next_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  situation_NN  deteriorates_VBZ  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  representation_NN  there_EX  can_VM  not_XX  remain_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  but_CCB  ineffective_JJ  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  respects_NNS  than_CS  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  nothing_PN1  for_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  nothing_PN1  for_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfair_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  troops_NNS  and_CC  administrators_NNS  involved_VBN  who_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  face_VV0  increasing_VBG  risks_NNS  without_IO  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  anything_PN1  .  
  govern_VV0  or_CC  get_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  classic_JJ  phrase_NN  of_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  choice_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  must_VM  now_RL  face_VV0  realistically_RR  .  
  indeed_RR  unless_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  faced_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  representation_NN  itself_PPX1  will_VM  disintegrate_VV0  as_CS  individual_JJ  countries_NNS  decide_VV0  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  their_APP$  men_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  \0UN_NP  can_VM  not_XX  govern_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  without_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  decision_NN  on_IO  policy_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  decision_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  unless_CS  the_AT1  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  security_NN  council_NN  agree_VV0  upon_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  that_DD1  means_VBZ  in_IO  practice_NN  that_CS  Russia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  must_VM  find_VV0  some_DD  common_JJ  ground_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  approach_VV0  the_AT1  Congo_NP  question_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  where_CS the_AT1  slightly_RR  improved_JJ  atmosphere_NN  between_IO  Moscow_NP  and_CC  Washington_NP  might_VM  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  will_VM  act_VV0  from_IO  any_DD  other_DA  motive_NN  than_IO  self_NN  interest_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  conceivable_JJ  that_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  the_AT1  Congo_NP  chaos_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  themselves_PPX2  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  how_CS red_JJ  is_VBZ  Africa_NP  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Baker-White_NP  .  
  just_RR  how_CS red_JJ  is_VBZ  Africa_NP  .  
  to_IO  what_DDQ  extent_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  propaganda_NN  machine_NN  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  influencing_VBG  the_AT1  upsurge_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  nationalism_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  Moscow_NP  yet_RR  got_VBN  a_AT1  firm_JJ  foothold_NN  ,_,  political_JJ  or_CC  economic_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  African_JJ  continent_NN  .  
  and_CC  were_VBDR  the_AT1  disorders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  and_CC  Rhodesia_NP  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  agents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  answers_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  questions_NNS  press_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  on_IO  politicians_NNS  ,_,  strategists_NNS  and_CC  intelligence_NN  experts_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  future_JB  pattern_NN  of_IO  rule_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  states_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  must_VM  inevitably_RR  shape_VV0  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  probing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  answers_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  questions_NNS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  start_VV0  by_IO  listing_VBG  the_AT1  states_NNS  where_CS communism_NN  has_VHZ  little_DA  or_CC  no_AT1  influence_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  Morocco_NP  ,_,  another_DD1  Tunisia_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  third_MD  Libya_NP  .  
  students_NNS  red_JJ  trained_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  students_NNS  from_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  are_VBR  studying_VBG  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  of_IO  revolution_NN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  and_CC  Prague_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  union_NN  leaders_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  communist_JJ  training_NN  schools_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  governments_NNS  are_VBR  anti-communist_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  people_NNS  disinterested_JJ  in_IO  red_JJ  doctrines_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Sudan_NP  the_AT1  communist_JJ  party_NN  is_VBZ  illegal_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  intelligence_NN  system_NN  alert_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  date_NN  efforts_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  federation_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  unions_NNS  to_TO  capture_VV0  the_AT1  unions_NNS  have_VH0  failed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  surprise_VV0  some_DD  people_NNS  to_TO  know_VV0  that_DD1  communism_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  hold_NN  in_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  President_NNSB1  Nkrumah_NP  is_VBZ  building_VBG  a_AT1  socialist_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  aided_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  hand-picked_JJ  young_JJ  socialist_JJ  intellectuals_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  about_IO  communist_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  them_PPHO1  closely_RR  when_CS ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  when_CS Ghana_NP  got_VVD  its_APP$  independence_NN  Moscow_NP  thought_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  state_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1    sitting_JJ  bird_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  economic_JJ  experts_NNS  arrived_VBN  with_IO  attractive_JJ  offers_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  cocoa_NN  crop_NN  .  
    communists_NNS  our_APP$  rivals_NNS    .  
  they_PPHS2  discovered_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  business_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  bloc_NN    but_CCB  only_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  anxious_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  federation_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  states_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  seeks_VBZ  to_TO  harness_VV0  the_AT1  forces_NNS  of_IO  nationalism_NN  .  
  communism_NN  he_PPHO1  regards_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  ally_NN  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  competitor_NN  .  
  in_IO  Guinea_NP  the_AT1  picture_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  different_JJ  .  
  just_RR  over_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  warned_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  was_VBDZ  planning_VBG  to_TO  establish_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  state_NN  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  bridgehead_NN  into_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  got_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  dedicated_JJ  Marxist_NN1  and_CC  graduate_NN  of_IO  Prague_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  President_NNSB1  Sekou_NP  Toure_NP  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  cynical_JJ  planners_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Kremlin_NP  call_VV0    in_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  bloc_NN  by_IO  loans_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  agreements_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  accepted_VBN  technicians_NNS  in_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  from_IO  Russia_NP  ,_,  East_NP  Germany_NP  and_CC  Poland_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  are_VBR  reshaping_VBG  and_CC  equipping_VBG  Guinea's_PPIO2  army_NN  and_CC  police_NNS  .  
  Chinese_JJ  technicians_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rice_NN  growing_VBG  plan_NN  .  
  red-made_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Conakry_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  capital_NN  ,_,  shops_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  Czech_JJ  matches_NNS  ,_,  cigarettes_NNS  and_CC  watches_NNS  ,_,  Chinese_JJ  rice_NN  ,_,  East_NP  German_JJ  typewriters_NNS  and_CC  Russian_JJ  textiles_NNS  .  
  Czech_JJ  cement_NN  is_VBZ  building_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  docks_NNS  ,_,  German_JJ  machinery_NN  equipping_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  factories_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  Conakry-Prague_NP  air_NN  service_NN  is_VBZ  opening_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  communist-controlled_JJ  school_NN  for_IO  African_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  leaders_NNS  is_VBZ  open_JJ  already_RR  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  five_MC  international_JJ  communist_JJ  organisations_NNS  have_VH0  held_VBN  conferences_NNS  at_IO  Conakry_NP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Afro-Asian_JJ  solidarity_NN  council_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  in_IO  Cairo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  Moscow's_PPIO2  main_JB  propaganda_NN  weapon_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  predict_VV0  that_CS  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  six_MC  months_NNS  the_AT1  council_NN  will_VM  move_VV0  permanently_RR  to_IO  Conakry_NP  ,_,  for_CS  Guinea_NP    not_XX  Cairo_NP    is_VBZ  now_RL  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  red_JJ  bridgehead_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  the_AT1  violent_JJ  revolt_NN  against_IO  Belgium_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  tribal_JJ  conflicts_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  disorders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  were_VBDR  neither_LE  Moscow-planned_JJ  nor_CC  directed_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  were_VBDR  just_RR  as_RG  surprised_JJ  as_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  suddenness_NN  and_CC  violence_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  situation_NN  ideal_JJ  for_IO  exploitation_NN  .  
  communist_JJ  army_NN  head_NN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lumumba's_PPIO2  entourage_NN  have_VH0  had_VHN  some_DD  training_NN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  officer_NN  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Guinea_NP  contingent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U_NP  \0N_NP  forces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fully_RR  indoctrined_VBN  communist_NN  .  
  three_MC  Czech_JJ    advisers_NNS    accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  contingent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  a_AT1  thirty-strong_JB  Soviet_NP    technical_JJ  mission_NN    has_VHZ  arrived_VBN  in_IO  Leopoldville_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  pure_JJ  coincidence_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  tall_JJ  ,_,  well-built_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  middle-thirties_MC2  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  look_VV0  uncommonly_RR  like_IO  red_JJ  army_NN  officers_NNS  in_IO  plain_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
  communism_NN  had_VHD  little_DA  or_CC  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  riots_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  recent_JJ  disorders_NNS  in_IO  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  former_DA  leaders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  party_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  have_VH0  left_VBN  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  some_DD  are_VBR  now_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  Rhodesian_JJ  copper_NN  belt_NN  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  in_IO  contrast_NN  ,_,  Moscow_NP  has_VHZ  embarked_VBN  upon_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  operation_NN  in_IO  Ruanda-Urundi_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  borders_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  Congo_NP  .  
  this_DD1  state_NN  of_IO  some_DD  21,000_MC  square_JJ  miles_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  4,630,000_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  trust_NN  territory_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  Belgium_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  she_PPHO1  announced_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  trusteeship_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  August_NN1  a_AT1  Soviet_NP  agent_NN  named_VBN  Nikolay_NP  Khokhlov_NP  arrived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  Usumbura_NP  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  vice-president_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  movement_NN  party_NN  ,_,  Paul_NP  Kabandrouka_NP  .  
  through_IO  Khokhlov_NP  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  a_AT1  message_NN  to_IO  Moscow_NP  .    
  let_VV0  the_AT1  \0U_NP  \0S_NP  \0S_NP  \0R_NP  know_VV0  that_CS  Ruanda-Urundi_NP  demands_VBZ  independence_NN  ,_,  demands_VBZ  it_PPH1  urgently_RR  and_CC  without_IO  delay_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  smell_VV0  trouble_NN  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  exist_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  trouble_NN  would_VM  suit_VV0  Moscow's_PPIO2  purpose_NN  admirably_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  joins_VBZ  the_AT1  frontiers_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  but_CCB  also_RR  of_IO  Tanganyika_NP  and_CC  Uganda_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  British_JJ  trusteeship_NN  and_CC  protectorate_NN  moving_VBG  towards_IO  self-government_NN  .  
  Ruanda-Urundi_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  place_NN  to_TO  watch_VV0  .  
  secret_JJ  police_NNS  ruthless_JJ  .  
  Colonel_NNSB1  Nasser_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  Arab_JJ  Republic_NP  have_VH0  economic_JJ  ties_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  bloc_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  mission_NN  has_VHZ  underground_JB  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rebel_NN  national_JJ  liberation_NN  front_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  headquarters_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Street_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  Mosque_NNL1  in_IO  Cairo_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  secret_JJ  police_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  known_VBN  to_TO  deal_VV0  ruthlessly_RR  with_IO  communist_JJ  agitators_NNS  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  living_VBG  in_IO  London_NP  the_AT1  communists_NNS  made_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  approaches_NNS  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hastings_NP  Banda_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Nyasaland_NP  nationalist_JJ  leader_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  President_NNSB1  Nkrumah_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  few_DA  illusions_NNS  about_IO  how_CS Moscow_NP  uses_VBZ  African_JJ  nationalism_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  purposes_NNS  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  states_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  community_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  Soviet_NP  propagandists_NNS  are_VBR  paying_VBG  particular_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  are_VBR  Madagascar_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Cameroun_NP  ,_,  facts_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  French_NP2  are_VBR  alive_JJ  .  
  while_CS  Moscow_NP  continues_VBZ  to_TO  step_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  radio_NN  barrage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ears_NNS  of_IO  African_JJ  listeners_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  significant_JJ  developments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  propaganda_NN  offensive_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  months_NNS  will_VM  come_VV0  from_IO  Peking_NP  .  
  China_NP  radio_NN  propaganda_NN  .  
  the_AT1  China-Africa_NP  friendship_NN  association_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  formed_VBN  ,_,  inter_RR  alia_RR  ,_,    to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  joint_JB  struggle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  peoples_NNS  in_IO  opposing_VBG  imperialism_NN  and_CC  colonialism_NN  .    
  radio_NN  Peking's_PPIO2  output_NN  to_IO  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  now_RL  550_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  includes_VBZ  special_JJ  broadcasts_NNS  in_IO  Cantonese_NN1  to_IO  overseas_JB  Chinese_NP2  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  Madagascar_NP  and_CC  Mauritius_NP  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  check_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  book-store_NN  on_IO  Conakry_NP  showed_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  14_MC  Chinese_JJ  publications_NNS  on_IO  sale_NN  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  three_MC  Russian_JJ  and_CC  one_MC1  Czech_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  Peking_NP  publications_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  training_NN  manual_NN  for_IO  African_JJ  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  23-man_JB  Chinese_JJ  delegation_NN  which_DDQ  attended_VVD  the_AT1  solidarity_NN  council_NN  meeting_NN  in_IO  Conakry_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  largest_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  official_JJ  propaganda_NN  agency_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  China_NP  news_NN  agency_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  opened_VBN  up_RP  offices_NNS  in_IO  Rabat_NP  ,_,  Accra_NP  and_CC  Conakry_NP  .  
  Africa_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  seething_JJ  cauldron_NN  .  
  both_DB2  Moscow_NP  and_CC  Peking_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  every_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  adding_VBG  fuel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  under_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  by_JB  elections_NNS    a_AT1  new_JJ  warning_NN  to_IO  tories_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Radar_NP  .  
  conservative_JJ  party_NN  fortunes_NNS  are_VBR  far_RR  from_IO  their_APP$  peak_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  are_VBR  those_DD2  of_IO  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  slumped_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  build-up_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  probably_RR  prefers_VBZ  to_TO  view_VV0  as_IO  little_JJ  local_JJ  difficulties_NNS  .  
  voters_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  recent_JJ  by-election_NN  results_NNS  showed_VVD  ,_,  are_VBR  in_IO  increasing_JJ  numbers_NNS  losing_VBG  their_APP$  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  magic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tory_JJ  administration_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  discontented_JJ  are_VBR  running_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  socialists_NNS  as_IO  their_APP$  saviours_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  new_JJ  spectacular_JJ  devotion_NN  for_IO  Jo_NP  Grimond's_PPIO2  struggling_JJ  liberal_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  leaders_NNS  have_VH0  good_JJ  reason_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  overall_JB  results_NNS  .  
  as_CS  is_VBZ  usual_JJ  at_IO  by-elections_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  disgruntled_JJ  and_CC  disillusioned_JJ  are_VBR  staying_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  polling_NN  stations_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  committing_VBG  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  millions_MC2  more_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS voted_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS have_VH0  not_XX  recently_RR  had_VHN  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  vote_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  candidate_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  talking_VBG  among_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  unusual_JJ  these_DD2  days_NNS  to_TO  pop_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  saloon_NN  bar_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  hear_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  coming_NN  under_IO  fire_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  with_IO  the_AT1  accent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reasonably_RR  well-off_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  widespread_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ruling_JJ  tories_NNS  are_VBR  becoming_VBG  more_RG  reactionary_JJ  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  please_VV0  their_APP$  right_JJ  wing_NN  more_RRR  than_IO  their_APP$  left_JJ  or_CC  centre_JB  supporters_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  single_JJ  act_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  done_VBN  more_DA  to_TO  foster_VV0  this_DD1  impression_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  everyone_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  right-wing_JB  conservatives_NNS  applauded_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2    wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN    attitude_NN  towards_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wind_NN  has_VHZ  dropped_VBN  to_IO  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  breeze_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  damped_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  hardly_RR  any_DD  movement_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  himself_PPX1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  time_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  general_JJ  affairs_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  concerned_VBN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  deliberately_RR  attempted_VBN  to_TO  lie_VV0  low_RR  ,_,  let_VV0  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  build_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  own_DA  images_NNS  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  into_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  successful_JJ  summit_NN  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  Russia_NP  ,_,  France_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  his_APP$  fault_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  attempt_NN  failed_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  heartbreaking_JJ  ,_,  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  .  
  as_IO  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth's_NN1$  principal_JB  nation_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  found_VBN  it_PPH1  pleasant_JJ  to_TO  preside_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  branding_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd's_PPIO2  apartheid_NN  doctrines_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS happened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  Britain's_PPIO2  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS South_NP  Africa_NP  decided_VVD  to_TO  end_VV0  her_APP$  50-year_JB  association_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  proclaimed_VBN  a_AT1  national_JJ  hero_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  particular_JJ  score_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  has_VHZ  lost_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  popularity_NN  stakes_NNS  ,_,  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  major_JJ  personal_JJ  success_NN  to_TO  restore_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  fortunes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  one_MC1  glittering_JJ  prize_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  grasped_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS captures_VBZ  it_PPH1  will_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  history_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  of_IO  mortals_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  great_JJ  masses_NNS  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  desire_VV0  most_RBT  of_IO  all_DB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  certain_JJ  prospect_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  for_IO  as_RG  long_RR  ahead_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  blame_VV0  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  for_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  elusive_JJ  goal_NN  .  
  and_CC  few_DA  would_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  uncharitable_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  just_RR  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  sake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  realises_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  as_RG  good_JJ  a_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  about_RP  the_AT1  hoped-for_JB  miracle_NN  as_IO  any_DD  man_NN  alive_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  unique_JJ  position_NN  as_IO  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  better_JJ  chance_NN  than_IO  most_DA  .  
  once_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  intermediary_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  great_JJ  opposing_JJ  communist_JJ  and_CC  non-communist_JJ  world_NN  blocs_NNS  .  
  if_CS  nothing_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  China_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  full_JJ  recognition_NN  ,_,  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  treated_VBN  as_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  governments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  half_DB  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  crooks_NNS  are_VBR  never_RR  caught_VBN  .  
  reveals_VBZ  John_NP  Reed_NP  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  week_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cities_NNS  of_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  predict_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  70_MC  people_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  murdered_VBN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  major_JJ  bank_NN  robberies_NNS  ,_,  several_DA  hundred_MC  cases_NNS  of_IO  rape_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thousands_MC2  of_IO  burglaries_NNS  and_CC  frauds_NNS  .  
  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  alone_RR  a_AT1  serious_JJ  offence_NN  is_VBZ  committed_VBN  every_AT1  two_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  shocking_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  more_RG  shocking_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  at_RR  least_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  people_NNS  behind_IO  these_DD2  crimes_NNS  will_VM  go_VV0  undetected_JJ  .  
  experts_NNS  who_PNQS attended_VVD  a_AT1  recent_JJ  conference_NN  on_IO  crime_NN  in_IO  London_NP  admitted_VVD  that_CS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  crime_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  increasing_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  criminal_NN  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  more_RG  elusive_JJ  .  
  Thomas_NP  Denham_NP  ,_,  evening_NN  news_NN  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  ,_,  continues_VBZ  his_APP$  series_NN  on_IO  Hungary_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  five_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  uprising_NN  .  
  catching_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Joneses_NP2  .  
  Hungary_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  communist_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  a_AT1  new_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  its_APP$  resources_NNS  and_CC    catch_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .    
  everywhere_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  new_JJ  factories_NNS  ,_,  new_JJ  housing_NN  estates_NNS  ,_,  new_JJ  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  .  
  clothes_NNS  and_CC  many_DA  window_NN  displays_NNS  may_VM  sometimes_RR  remind_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  the_AT1  post-war_JB  years_NNS  of_IO    utility_NN    in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  much_DA  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  being_VBG  sacrificed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  people_NNS  have_VH0  money_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  available_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  on_IO  entertainment_NN  and_CC  food_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  cheap_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  days_NNS  which_DDQ  follow_VV0  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  in_IO  summer_NN  the_AT1  pavements_NNS  of_IO  Budapest's_PPIO2  main_JB  streets_NNS  are_VBR  thronged_VBN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  the_AT1  many_DA  fine_JJ  swimming_JJ  pools_NNS  ,_,  fed_VBN  by_IO  hot-springs_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  so_RG  packed_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  resorts_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  and_CC  on_IO  Lake_NNL1  Balaton_NP  are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  couples_NNS  and_CC  families_NNS  enjoying_VBG  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  modest_JJ  outlay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  night_NN  clubs_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  you_PPY  eat_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  private_JJ  home_NN1  you_PPY  soon_RR  discover_VV0  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  are_VBR  traditionally_RR  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  eaters_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  pride_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1    to_IO  the_AT1  distress_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  doctors_NNS  .  
  lively_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  enthusiastic_JJ  cinema-goers_NNS    Hungary_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  European_JJ  countries_NNS  where_CS cinema_NN  attendances_NNS  have_VH0  steadily_RR  increased_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  television_NN  is_VBZ  comparatively_RR  new_JJ  and_CC  limited_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  about_RR  150,000_MC  sets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  has_VHZ  hardly_RR  yet_RR  made_VBN  an_AT1  impact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  standard_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  very_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  expensive_JJ  glitter_NN  of_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  far_RR  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  dismal_JJ  greyness_NN  of_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  are_VBR  a_AT1  lively_JJ  people_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  very_RG  much_RR  like_IO  ours_PP$  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  their_APP$  troubles_NNS  and_CC  sorrows_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  carry_VV0  them_PPHO1  lightly_RR  .  
  earlier_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  riddle_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  asked_VBN  :_:  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  30_MC  yards_NNS  long_JJ  and_CC  eats_VBZ  potatoes_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  answer_NN  
    a_AT1  meat_NN  queue_NN  .    
  more_RG  recently_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  30_MC  yards_NNS  long_JJ  and_CC  eats_VBZ  meat_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN    a_AT1  potato_NN  queue_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  suggest_VV0  an_AT1  overall_JB  shortage_NN  of_IO  food_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  official_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meat_NN  queues_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  only_RR  for_IO  pork_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  beef_NN  and_CC  other_DA  meat_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  conservative_JJ  housewives_NNS  preferred_VVD  to_TO  queue_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  favourite_JB  pork_NN  .  
  pork_NN  shortage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  pork_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  satisfied_VBN  by_IO  cutting_VBG  exports_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  authorities_NNS  preferred_VVD  to_TO  disappoint_VV0  customers_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  to_IO  losing_VBG  customers_NNS  abroad_RR  by_IO  not_XX  meeting_VBG  export_NN  orders_NNS  .  
  comparisons_NNS  of_IO  standards_NNS  of_IO  living_NN  are_VBR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  because_IO  of_II  traditional_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  pursuit_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  ,_,  differences_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  social_JJ  system_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  incomes_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  rents_NNS  in_IO  Hungary_NP  are_VBR  extremely_RR  low_JJ  ,_,  running_VBG  from_IO  15_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  *+2_NNU  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
  public_JJ  transport_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  cheap_JJ  that_CS  its_APP$  cost_NN  could_VM  virtually_RR  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  literally_RR  be_VB0  so_PN1  by_IO  many_DA  in_IO  Budapest_NP  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  trams_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  so_RG  packed_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  collect_VV0  the_AT1  fares_NNS  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  customers_NNS  were_VBDR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  really_RR  cheap_JJ  midday_NN  meal_NN  is_VBZ  widely_RR  available_JJ  by_IO  law_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quantity_NN  and_CC  quality_NN  and_CC  service_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  above_IO  what_DDQ  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  probably_RR  has_VHZ  much_DA  more_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  tradition_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  food_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  revolution_NN  .  
  deductions_NNS  for_IO  pensions_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  union_NN  funds_NNS  may_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  income_NN  tax_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  something_PN1  that_PNQS has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  worried_JJ  about_IO  .  
    norm_NN    of_IO  work_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  facts_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  borne_VBN  in_IO  mind_NN  when_CS comparing_VBG  wages_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  realistic_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  exchange_NN  ,_,  average_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  *+25_NNU  a_AT1  month_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  *+14_NNU  a_AT1  month_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  office_NN  cleaner_NN  to_IO  *+50_NNU  plus_JJ  a_AT1  month_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  coal_NN  miner_NN  .  
  as_CS  is_VBZ  usual_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1    socialist_JJ    country_NN  ,_,  wages_NNS  depend_VV0  on_IO  achieving_VBG  a_AT1    norm_NN    of_IO  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  underground_JB  coal_NN  miner's_NN1$    plus_NN  ,_,    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  annual_JJ  bonus_NN  based_VBN  on_IO    loyalty_NN  ,_,    \0i.e_RR  ,_,  years_NNS  of_IO  service_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  timekeeping_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  pit_NN  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  down_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  bonuses_NNS  paid_VBN  to_IO  every_AT1  miner_NN  was_VBDZ  pinned_VBN  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  largest_JJT  amounted_VVD  to_IO  two_MC  months'_NN2  wages_NNS    over_RR  *+100_NNU    and_CC  they_PPHS2  ranged_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  two_MC  weeks'_NN2  wages_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  miners_NNS  comparatively_RR  wealthy_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  they_PPHS2  spend_VV0  their_APP$    surplus_NN    money_NN  on_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  things_NNS  as_IO  here_RL  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  get_VV0  them_PPHO1    furniture_NN  ,_,  television_NN  ,_,  refrigerators_NNS  and_CC  cars_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  Komlo_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  10,000_MC  miners_NNS  ,_,  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  several_DA  who_PNQS had_VHD  refurnished_VBN  their_APP$  homes_NN2  twice_RR  in_IO  seven_MC  years_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  whole_JJ  city_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  10_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  over_RR  *+3_NNU  million_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  savings_NNS  bank_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  attendance_NN  is_VBZ  stiff_JJ    one_MC1  day's_NN1$    unnecessary_JJ    absenteeism_NN  loses_VBZ  half_DB  the_AT1  annual_JJ  bonus_NN  ,_,  two_MC  days_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  lot_NN  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  .  
  holiday_NN  rewards_NNS  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  rewards_NNS  of_IO  good_JJ  work_NN  and_CC  conformity_NN  with_IO  enthusiasm_NN  are_VBR  holidays_NNS  at_IO  excellent_JJ  resorts_NNS  so_RG  cheap_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  wage-earner_NN  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1    profit_NN    on_IO  his_APP$  stay_NN  .  
  my_APP$  guide_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  town_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  awarded_VBN  a_AT1  fortnight's_NN1$  holiday_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Black_NP  Sea_NNL1  for_IO  her_APP$  good_JJ  work_NN  .  
  these_DD2  holiday_NN  homes_NN2  are_VBR  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  spend_VV0  73_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  their_APP$  annual_JJ  income_NN  of_IO  *+6_NNU  million_MC  plus_JJ  on_IO  social_JJ  welfare_NN  ,_,  culture_NN  and_CC  sports_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  except_CS  through_IO  these_DD2    official_JJ    channels_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  for_IO  holidays_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  must_VM  be_VB0  limited_JJ  .  
  although_CS  more_DA  Hungarians_NP2  travelled_VVD  to_IO  western_JJ  countries_NNS  last_DA  year_NN  than_CS  ever_RR  before_II  ,_,  holidays_NNS  abroad_RR  in_IO  non-communist_JJ  countries_NNS  are_VBR  limited_JJ  because_CS  currency_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  made_VBN  available_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  things_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Hungary_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  like_VV0  and_CC  perhaps_RR  from_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  could_VM  learn_VV0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  appetite_NN  for_IO  education_NN  ,_,  including_IO  self-education_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO    culture_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  provided_VBN  for_IO  satisfying_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  class-consciousness_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  ,_,  where_CS you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  obvious_JJ  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  sitting_VBG  with_IO  smartly-dressed_JB  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  in_IO  restaurants_NNS  and_CC  night_NN  clubs_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  self-criticism_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  better_RRR  .  
  dull_JJ  papers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  high_JJ  official_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  ministry_NN  surprised_VVD  me_PPIO1  by_IO  his_APP$  blunt_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  Hungarian_JJ  papers_NNS  as_CS    deadly_RR  dull_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  some_DD  as_RG  bright_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  although_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  their_APP$  contents_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  different_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  laugh_VV0  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  weaknesses_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  eat_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  without_IO  gipsy_NN  music_NN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  gipsies_NNS  have_VH0  disappeared_VBN  long_RR  since_II  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  depressing_JJ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  insistence_NN  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  many_DA  good_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  were_VBDR  due_JJ  only_RR  to_IO    socialism_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  otherwise_RR  exist_VV0  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  fantastic_JJ  ignorance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  world_NN  or_CC  refusal_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  what_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  suit_VV0  the_AT1  theory_NN  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  instances_NNS  that_PNQS stuck_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  a_AT1  woman_NN  journalist_NN  insisted_VVD  that_CS  unemployment_NN  was_VBDZ  our_APP$  major_JJ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  simply_RR  smiled_VVD  disbelievingly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  situations_NNS  vacant_JJ  than_IO  people_NNS  looking_VBG  for_IO  jobs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  charming_JJ  and_CC  highly-intelligent_JB  medical_JJ  director_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  our_APP$  system_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  is_VBZ  different_JJ  as_CS  our_APP$  doctors_NNS  aim_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  people_NNS  well_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  it_PPH1  pays_VBZ  western_JJ  doctors_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  sick_JJ  .    
  hardly_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  my_APP$  ears_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  really_RR  believed_VVD  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  ,_,  otherwise_RR  how_CS could_VM  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  a_AT1  profit_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  capitalist_JJ  country_NN  .    
  rigidity_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  full_JJ  of_IO  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  being_VBG  done_VBN    the_AT1  new_JJ  factories_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  housing_NN  estates_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  large-scale_JB  agriculture_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  almost_RR  frightening_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  rigidity_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  being_VBG  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  even_RR  more_RRR  so_PN1  and_CC  better_RRR  ,_,  in_IO    capitalist_JJ    countries_NNS  ;_;  an_AT1  apparent_JJ  assumption_NN  that_CS  everything_PN1  from_IO  free_JJ  libraries_NNS  to_IO  large-scale_JB  farming_NN  and_CC  co-operatives_NNS  to_IO  health_NN  services_NNS  are_VBR  new_JJ  and_CC  unique_JJ  in_IO    socialist_JJ    countries_NNS  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  closed_JJ  minds_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  all_DB  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  curtain_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  paper_NN  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  Budapest_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  evening_NN  suggesting_VBG  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dark_JJ  and_CC  depressing_JJ  city_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  testify_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  heights_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fairy-land_NN  of_IO  lights_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  many_DA  shops_NNS  are_VBR  open_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  lit_VVD  up_RP  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  other_DA  Hungarian_JJ  cities_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  cheap_JJ  to_TO  dance_VV0  until_IO  4_MC  \0a.m_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  so_RR  minded_VBN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  diplomatic_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Thomas_NP  Denham_NP  .  
  British_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  tanks_NNS  stand_VV0  ready_RR  for_IO  action_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  guns_NNS  pointed_VBN  at_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  ,_,  where_CS Russian_JJ  tanks_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  seen_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  1953_MC  uprising_NN  .  
  since_IO  last_DA  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  when_CS east_NN1  Berlin_NP  sector_NN  guards_NNS  stopped_VVD  \0U.S_NP  soldiers_NNS  and_CC  officials_NNS  and_CC  refused_VVD  to_TO  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  pass_VV0  when_CS they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  show_VV0  their_APP$  identity_NN  papers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  situation_NN  has_VHZ  built_VBN  up_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  tensest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  post-war_JB  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  foray_NN  of_IO  \0U.S_NP  soldiers_NNS  into_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  to_TO  secure_VV0  the_AT1  release_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deputy_NN  chief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  mission_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  occasion_NN  American_JJ  soldiers_NNS  had_VHD  entered_VBN  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  sector_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  city_NN  was_VBDZ  divided_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  all_DB  about_IO  .  
  superficially_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  seem_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  dispute_NN  is_VBZ  about_IO  how_CS members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  mission_NN  should_VM  establish_VV0  their_APP$  identity_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  cross_VV0  the_AT1  sector_NN  border_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dispute_NN  has_VHZ  arisen_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  bold_JJ  attempt_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  German_JJ  government_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  recognition_NN  for_IO  itself_PPX1  by_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  to_TO  continue_VV0  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  that_CS  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  capital_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sovereign_JJ  nation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  part_NN  of_IO  Berlin_NP  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  under_IO  four-power_JB  occupation_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  shown_VBN  .  
  if_CS  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  were_VBDR  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sovereign_JJ  nation_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  foreign_JJ  troops_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  no_AT1  foreigners_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  enter_VV0  it_PPH1  without_IO  permission_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  government_NN  .  
  every_AT1  time_NN  western_JJ  soldiers_NNS  or_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  government_NN  enter_VV0  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  they_PPHS2  demonstrate_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  part_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  nation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  situation_NN  has_VHZ  existed_VBN  and_CC  worked_VBN  well_RR    since_IO  the_AT1  defeat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  blockade_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  East_NP  Germans_NP2  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  establish_VV0  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  shown_VBN  during_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  hold-ups_NNS  when_CS one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  radio_NN  reporters_NNS  ,_,  doing_VBG  a_AT1  running_JJ  commentary_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  his_APP$  listeners_NNS  :_:  
    now_RL  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  are_VBR  negotiating_VBG  with_IO  our_APP$  officials_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  untrue_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1    negotiation_NN    was_VBDZ  a_AT1  flat_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  Soviet_NP  officer_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  would_VM  talk_VV0  and_CC  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  would_VM  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  establish_VV0  their_APP$  identity_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  stake_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  recognises_VBZ  Herr_NNSB1  Ulbricht_NP  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kruschev_NP  as_CS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  east_NN1  Berlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  west_NN1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  recognising_VBG  Herr_NNSB1  Ulbricht_NP  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  very_RG  clear_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  in_IO  public_JJ  and_CC  private_JJ  conversations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  story_NN  behind_IO  this_DD1  dangerous_JJ  confrontation_NN  shows_VBZ  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  miscalculations_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  .  
  were_VBDR  too_RG  cautious_JJ  .  
  Herr_NNSB1  Ulbricht_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  toughest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  adventurous_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  leaders_NNS  ,_,  long_RR  believed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  were_VBDR  too_RG  cautious_JJ  about_IO  Berlin_NP  and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  given_VBN  a_AT1  free_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  bit-by-bit_JB  encroachment_NN  on_IO  western_JJ  rights_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  falling_VBG  into_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  pressing_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  his_APP$    wall_NN    and_CC  close_VV0  all_DB  but_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  crossings_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  persuaded_VVD  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  that_CS  any_DD  danger_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  western_JJ  counter-action_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  discounted_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  he_PPHO1  proved_VVD  right_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  western_JJ  counter-action_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  because_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  surprise_NN  .  
  its_APP$  intelligence_NN  had_VHD  learned_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  wrongly_RR  believed_VVD  the_AT1  wall_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  directed_VBN  only_RR  at_IO  controlling_VBG  Germans_NP2  and_CC  that_CS  plenty_NN  of_IO  crossings_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  available_JJ  through_IO  negotiations_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  error_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  became_VVD  apparent_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  determination_NN  to_TO  resist_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  force_NN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  attempt_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  another_DD1  slice_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  Berlin_NP  sausage_NN  .  
  commentary_NN  from_IO  city_NN  and_CC  county_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  gossiper_NN  .  
  local_JJ  booksellers_NNS  are_VBR  anticipating_VBG  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  .  
  published_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  this_DD1  mid-20th_MD  century_NN  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  best_JJT  seller_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  certain_JJ  of_IO  living_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  its_APP$  long_JJ  reputation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  representative_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  Lincoln's_PPIO2  leading_JJ  firms_NNS  of_IO  booksellers_NNS  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  yesterday_NN1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  such_DA  a_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Bible_NP  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  today_NN1  put_VBN  in_RP  an_AT1  order_NN  for_IO  additional_JJ  supplies_NNS  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  advance_JB  orders_NNS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  clergymen_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  more_DA  from_IO  lay_JB  people_NNS    .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  this_DD1  warning_NN  
    we_PPIS2  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  ,_,  feel_VV0  that_CS  many_DA  people_NNS  think_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Bible_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  many_DA  years_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Apocrypha_NP  are_VBR  available_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  brief_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS holds_VBZ  the_AT1  record_NN  for_IO  length_NN  of_IO  service_NN  as_IO  Lincoln's_PPIO2  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN    since_CS  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  representation_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  from_IO  two_MC  to_IO  one_MC1  80_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR    made_VVD  his_APP$  briefest_JJT  ever_RR  public_JJ  appearance_NN  ,_,  on_IO  \0B.B.C_NP  television_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Liddall_NP  ,_,  elected_VBN  \0M_NNSB1  \0P_NPT"  for_IO  Lincoln_NP  in_IO  1931_MC  ,_,  became_VVD  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  of_IO  Westminster_NP  home_NN1  guard_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  in_IO  1940_MC  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  fleeting_JJ  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  seconds_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  parade_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  episode_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  series_NN    the_AT1  valiant_JJ  years_NNS    ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Winston_NP  Churchill's_PPIO2  war_NN  memoirs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hot_JJ  summer's_NN1$  day_NN  when_CS the_AT1  film_NN  was_VBDZ  shot_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  palace_NN  yard_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  ,_,  nearest_IO  the_AT1  camera_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  on_IO  parade_NN  in_IO  shirt_NN  sleeves_NNS  .  
  many_DA  Lincoln_NP  people_NNS  recognised_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  many_DA  also_RR  noticed_VVD  the_AT1  awful_JJ  bloomer_NN  the_AT1  producers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  made_VVD  in_IO  showing_VBG  a_AT1  1914-18_MC-MC  war_NN  poster_NN  to_TO  aid_VV0  recruiting_VBG  in_IO  1940_MC  !_!  
  new_JJ  record_NN  coming_VBG  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Liddall_NP  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  for_IO  Lincoln_NP  on_IO  October_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  1931_MC  and_CC  served_VVD  continuously_RR  until_IO  July_NN1  26_MC  ,_,  1945_MC    although_CS  some_DD  might_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  ceased_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  \0M.P_NNSB1  three_MC  weeks_NNS  earlier_RRR  !_!  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  election_NN  of_IO  1945_MC  took_VVD  place_NN  on_IO  July_NN1  5_MC  but_CCB  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  services_NNS  votes_NNS  from_IO  distant_JJ  lands_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  count_NN  was_VBDZ  delayed_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  26th_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  month_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  knighted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  dissolution_NN  honours_NNS    lost_VVD  his_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  service_NN  of_IO  13_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  eight_MC  months_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  member_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Geoffrey_NP  de_&FW  Freitas_NP  will_VM  pass_VV0  that_DD1  record_NN  if_CS  this_DD1  parliament_NN  runs_VBZ  its_APP$  normal_JJ  course_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  general_JJ  election_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  October_NN1  1959_MC  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  1964_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  de_&FW  Freitas_NP  became_VVD  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Lincoln_NP  in_IO  February_NN1  1950_MC  and_CC  his_APP$  term_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  extended_VBN  to_IO  13_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  eight_MC  months_NNS  by_IO  October_NN1  1963_MC  .  
    honest_JJ    but_CCB  unreasoning_JJ    .  
  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Liddall_NP  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  July_NN1  1944_MC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  parliamentary_JJ  record_NN  by_IO  beating_VBG  the_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  office_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Roberts_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  liberal_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Lincoln_NP  from_IO  1906_MC  to_IO  1918_MC  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  all-time_JB  record_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  held_VBN  by_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Sibthorp_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  early_JJ  Victorian_JJ  member_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  gentlemen_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  family_NN  who_PNQS at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  represented_VVD  Lincoln_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  .  
  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  first_RR  elected_VBN  in_IO  1826_MC  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  unseated_VBN  in_IO  1832_MC  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  re-elected_VBN  in_IO  January_NN1  1835_MC  and_CC  retained_VVD  the_AT1  seat_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  two_MC  ,_,  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  of_RR  course_RR    until_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  in_IO  December_NN1  1855_MC  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  Sibthorp_NP  who_PNQS achieved_VVD  notoriety_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  outspokenness_NN  in_IO  debate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  whom_WPO    the_AT1  Times_NP    said_VVD  
    his_APP$  name_NN  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  household_NN  word_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  embodiment_NN  of_IO  honest_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  unreasoning_JJ  tory_NN  prejudice_NN  .    
  frequently_RR  ,_,  Colonel_NNSB1  Sibthorp_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  to_IO  order_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Speaker_NNSB1  for_IO  his_APP$  unparliamentary_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  on_IO  one_MC1  occasion_NN  save_VV0  the_AT1  country_NN  *+20,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  !_!  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  that_CS  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  marry_VV0  Prince_NNSB1  Albert_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Melbourne_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  proposed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  nation_NN  should_VM  settle_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  royal_JJ  highness_NN  an_AT1  allowance_NN  of_IO  *+50,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  Colonel_NNSB1  Sibthorp's_PPIO2  violent_JJ  opposition_NN  won_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  allocation_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  *+30,000_NNU  .  
  \0W.E.A'S_PPIO2  jubilee_NN  .  
  the_AT1    golden_JJ  jubilee_NN    meeting_NN  of_IO  Lincoln_NP  \0W.E.A_NP  branch_NN  forged_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  interesting_JJ  link_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  history_NN  .  
  the_AT1  branch_NN  has_VHZ  survived_VBN  two_MC  world_NN  wars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  battled_VBN  its_APP$  way_NN  successfully_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  depression_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  full_JJ  circle_NN  for_CS  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  austerities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  war_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  grim_JJ  despondency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  depression_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rationed_JJ  utilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  war_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  met_VBN  to_TO  consider_VV0    the_AT1  affluent_JJ  society_NN  .    
  but_CCB  ,_,  possibly_RR  even_RR  more_RG  interesting_JJ  than_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  speaker_NN  was_VBDZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mary_NP  Stocks_NP  ,_,  well-known_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  brains_NNS  trust_NN  and_CC  radio_NN  programme_NN    any_DD  questions_NNS  .    
  though_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  paid_VBN  only_RR  brief_JJ    passing_VBG  through_RP    visits_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  Lincoln_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Stocks_NP  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sister-in-law_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Helen_NP  Stocks_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  resident_JJ  tutor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Stocks_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS took_VVD  a_AT1  history_NN  tripos_NN  at_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  ,_,  (_(  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  degree_NN  ,_,  because_CS  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  women_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  degrees_NNS  )_)  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  tutorial_JJ  classes_VBZ  committee_NN  .  
  her_APP$  appointment_NN  as_IO  resident_JJ  tutor_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Lincoln_NP  branch_NN  followed_VVD  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  branch's_NN1$  formation_NN  ,_,  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0S_NP  Cartwright_NP  ,_,  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  in_IO  Lincoln_NP  from_IO  1911_MC  until_IO  1919_MC  when_CS she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  illness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  time_NN  Archdeacon_NNSB1  of_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,  and_CC  later_JJ  Canon_NNSB1  of_IO  Peterborough_NP  ,_,  and_CC  settled_VVD  in_IO  Kettering_NP  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Stocks_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  used_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  about_IO  Lincoln_NP  .  
  my_APP$  sister-in-law_NN  grew_VVD  very_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  lost_VVD  her_APP$  affection_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  commentary_NN  from_IO  city_NN  and_CC  county_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  gossiper_NN  .  
  my_APP$  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  stopped_VBN  on_IO  Burton-road_NP  by_IO  an_AT1  elderly_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  for_IO  her_APP$  bus_NN  fare_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  collect_VV0  her_APP$  pension_NN  has_VHZ  revealed_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  telephone_NN  calls_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  Sobraon_NP  barracks_NNS  and_CC  from_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  living_VBG  in_IO  Broadway_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  resident_NN  of_IO  Yarborough-crescent_NP  ,_,  indicate_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  begging_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  on_IO  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  quite_DA  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  caller_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  barracks_NNS  said_VVD  the_AT1  woman_NN  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  happen_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  coppers_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  fare_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  her_PPHO1  stop_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  seven_MC  people_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  collect_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  coppers_NNS  from_IO  each_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS telephoned_VVD  from_IO  Broadway_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    touched_VBN    as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  Cathedral_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  happened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  passing_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  moment_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  woman_NN  told_VVD  my_APP$  correspondent_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  tired_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  feet_NNS  hurt_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  money_NN  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  to_TO  collect_VV0  her_APP$  pension_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  where_CS she_PPHO1  lived_VVD  and_CC  she_PPHO1  countered_VVD  by_IO  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  where_CS I_PPIS1  lived_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  simply_RR  begging_VBG  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  variation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tale_NN  as_CS  told_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  reader_NN  living_VBG  on_IO  Yarborough-crescent_NP  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  asked_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  bus_NN  fare_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  .  
    I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  sixpence_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  another_DD1  sixpence_NN  .    
    good_JJ  luck_NN    letters_NNS  .  
  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  letter_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  received_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  due_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  stroke_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  luck_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  so_RG  far_RR    and_CC  the_AT1  day_NN  is_VBZ  far_RR  advanced_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  write_VV0    Dame_NNSB1  Fortune_NP  has_VHZ  failed_VBN  to_TO  smile_VV0  on_IO  me_PPIO1  to_IO  any_DD  unusual_JJ  extent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  letter_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  prayer_NN    which_DDQ  originated_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Netherlands_NP  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  good_JJ  luck_NN  four_MC  days_NNS  after_IO  receiving_VBG  this_DD1  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  joke_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  must_VM  leave_VV0  your_APP$  hands_NNS  before_IO  97_MC  hours_NNS  after_IO  receiving_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  just_RR  send_VV0  this_DD1  letter_NN  and_CC  20_MC  others_DA2  to_IO  some_DD  people_NNS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  good_JJ  luck_NN  .  
  write_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  out_RP  20_MC  times_NNS  !_!    
  it_PPH1  would_VM  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  nearly_RR  97_MC  hours_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  carbon_NN  copies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  might_VM  not_XX    work_VV0  .    
  this_DD1  letter_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  as_RG  nonsensical_JJ  as_IO  other_DA  chain_NN  letters_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  periodically_RR  ;_;  the_AT1  only_DA  difference_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  money_NN  involved_VBN  here_RL  .  
  just_RR  the_AT1  arduous_JJ  labour_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  letter_NN  20_MC  times_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  it_PPH1  left_VVD  my_APP$  hands_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  97_MC  hours_NNS  were_VBDR  up_RP    cast_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  waste_NN  paper_NN  basket_NN  .  
  bus_NN  ticket_NN    sevens_MC2    .  
  equally_RR  silly_JJ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  story_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  heard_VBN  about_IO  a_AT1  craze_NN  for_IO  collecting_VBG  bus_NN  tickets_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  serial_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ends_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN    7_MC  .    
  a_AT1  colleague_NN  who_PNQS travels_VBZ  regularly_RR  on_IO  Lincoln_NP  corporation_NN  buses_NNS  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  asked_VBN  by_IO  someone_PN1  ,_,  acting_VBG  as_IO  spokesman_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  third_MD  party_NN  ,_,  to_TO  save_VV0  any_DD  tickets_NNS  he_PPHO1  receives_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  conductor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ends_VBZ  in_IO    7_MC  .    
  when_CS ,_,  naturally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  why_CS ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  saved_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  handed_VBN  in_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  transport_NN  department_NN  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  specified_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  informant_NN  ,_,  some_DD  worthy_JJ  cause_NN  benefited_VVD  .  
  mention_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  transport_NN  general_JJ  manager_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herbert_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  produced_VVD  the_AT1  expected_JJ  comment_NN  ,_,  
    never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  such_DA  nonsense_NN  .    
  so_RR  please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  start_VV0  unloading_VBG  bundles_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  bus_NN  tickets_NNS  at_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  !_!  
  not_XX  Venus_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  !_!  
  my_APP$  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  February_NN1  ,_,  1922_MC  ,_,  destroyed_VVD  some_DD  business_NN  premises_NNS  in_IO  Silver-street_NP  ,_,  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  reminded_VBN  one_MC1  reader_NN  of_IO  something_PN1    and_CC  provided_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  an_AT1  illustration_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  long_JJ  memories_NNS  some_DD  people_NNS  have_VH0  for_IO  trivialities_NNS  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  had_VHN  occasion_NN  ,_,  some_DD  considerable_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  to_TO  mention_VV0  that_DD1  fire_NN  ,_,  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  something_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  and_CC  having_VHG  turned_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  files_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  library_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  quoted_VBN  a_AT1  quite_RR  picturesque_JJ  description_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  echo_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  lady_NN  living_VBG  in_IO  James-street_NP  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  Cathedral_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  the_AT1  planet_NN  Venus_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  shining_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  glow_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  flames_NNS  .  
  now_RL  an_AT1  anonymous_JJ  reader_NN  writes_VBZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  seen_VBN  Venus_NP  that_DD1  night_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  shining_VBG  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  looked_VBN  through_IO  some_DD  astronomical_JJ  records_NNS  and_CC  informs_VBZ  me_PPIO1  that_CS  the_AT1  sun_NN  set_VVD  at_IO  about_RR  5.34_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  and_CC  Venus_NP  very_RG  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  ,_,  at_IO  about_RR  5.50_MC  !_!  
  the_AT1  fire_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  at_IO  about_RR  half_DB  past_IO  seven_MC    by_IO  someone_PN1  rejoicing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO    Cocky_NP  Yates_NP    according_IO  to_II  my_APP$  anonymous_JJ  correspondent_NN    so_RR  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  Venus_NP  that_PNQS Miss_NNSB1  Bicknell_NP  saw_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  house_NN  in_IO  James-street_NP  .  
  any_DD  other_DA  astronomically_RR  minded_JJ  reader_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  venture_VV0  what_DDQ  bright_JJ  star_NN  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  that_PNQS ,_,  for_IO  almost_RR  40_MC  years_NNS  now_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  been_VBN  thinking_VBG  was_VBDZ  Venus_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  really_RR  ought_VM  to_TO  get_VV0  this_DD1  thing_NN  straight_JJ  !_!  
  commentary_NN  from_IO  city_NN  and_CC  county_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  gossiper_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  objection_NN  to_IO  utilising_VBG  the_AT1  old_JJ  burial_NN  ground_NN  in_IO  Beaumont-fee_NP  ,_,  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  park_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  untidy_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  what_DDQ  grass_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  being_VBG  trimmed_VBN  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  particularly_RR  well_RR  looked_VBN  after_IO  .  
  gravestones_NNS  are_VBR  broken_VBN  and_CC  almost_RR  wholly_RR  indecipherable_JJ  .  
  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  burial_NN  ground_NN  in_IO  Saltergate_NP  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1    garden_NN  of_IO  rest_NN      for_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  dead_JJ    and_CC  the_AT1  gravestones_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  being_VBG  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  footpaths_NNS  .  
  and_CC  going_VBG  further_RRR  back_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  south_NN1  side_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Benedict-square_NP  was_VBDZ  widened_VBN  by_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  slice_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  burial_NN  ground_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plot_NN  in_IO  Beaumont-fee_NP  ,_,  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  centre_NN  ,_,  would_VM  provide_VV0  an_AT1  ideal_JJ  parking_NN  place_NN  for_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cars_NNS  which_DDQ  today_NN1  are_VBR  partly_RR  blocking_VBG  the_AT1  roads_NNS  by_IO  being_VBG  parked_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  kerbside_NN  .  
  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  memories_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  an_AT1  83-years-old_JB  lady_NN  living_VBG  near_IO  Sleaford_NP  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  Lincoln_NP  corporation_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  more_RG  reticent_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  in_IO  releasing_VBG  news_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  typhoid_NN  epidemic_NN  which_DDQ  killed_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  120_MC  people_NNS  in_IO  1905_MC  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  democratic_JJ  socialism_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  McCarthy_NP  and_CC  Frank_NP  Platt_NP  in_IO  their_APP$  open_JJ  letter_NN  to_IO  labour_NN  party_NN  members_NNS  refer_VV0  to_IO  socialism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  defence_NN  policy_NN  without_IO  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  defining_VBG  socialism_NN  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  vague_JJ  platitudes_NNS  and_CC  general_JJ  sentiments_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  no-one_PN1  would_VM  disagree_VV0  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  write_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  on_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  degree_NN  differs_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  tory_JJ  government's_NN1$  present_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tory_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  insist_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  plank_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  defence_NN  policy_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  stay_VV0  as_IO  junior_JJ  partners_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  consistently_RR  opposed_VBN  any_DD  disarmament_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  Russian's_NNP$  offer_NN  to_TO  accept_VV0  any_DD  western_JJ  proposals_NNS  on_IO  control_NN  ,_,  provided_CS  we_PPIS2  agree_VV0  to_TO  disarm_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  led_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  supporters_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  presume_VV0  includes_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS say_VV0  give_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  British_JJ  H-bomb_NN  and_CC  rely_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  H-bomb_NN  ,_,  and_CC  provide_VV0  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  with_IO  bases_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  conflicts_VBZ  completely_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  flows_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  assumption_NN  that_CS  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  defence_NN  against_IO  H-bombs_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  for_IO  our_APP$  small_JJ  island_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  therefore_RR  a_AT1  defence_NN  policy_NN  for_IO  British_JJ  people_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  designed_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  world_NN  tension_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  conducive_JJ  to_IO  negotiations_NNS  for_IO  effective_JJ  world_NN  disarmament_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  accede_VV0  continually_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  for_IO  military_JJ  bases_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  opponents_NNS  of_IO  disarmament_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  .  
  your_APP$  correspondents_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  doctrinaires_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  minority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  refer_VV0  to_IO  local_JJ  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  ,_,  who_PNQS support_VV0  the_AT1  official_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  peculiarly_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  mention_VV0  the_AT1  Oldham_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Leslie_NP  Hale_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  both_DB2  on_IO  record_NN  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  conference_NN  decisions_NNS  .  
  why_CS is_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  could_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  that_CS  our_APP$  two_MC  friends_NNS  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hales_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  party_NN  to_IO  any_DD  policy_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  designed_VBN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  both_DB2  peace_NN  and_CC  British_JJ  independence_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  also_RR  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  campaign_NN  for_IO  democratic_JJ  socialism_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  being_NN  because_CS  moderates_NNS  have_VH0  lacked_VBN  an_AT1  organised_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  must_VM  we_PPIS2  presume_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  noticed_VBN  that_CS  95_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  support_VV0  the_AT1  moderates_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  policy_NN  differences_NNS  have_VH0  our_APP$  democratic_JJ  socialists_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  tories_NNS  and_CC  liberals_NNS  .  
  none_PN1  !_!  
  just_RR  vague_JJ  platitudes_NNS  !_!  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  that_CS    the_AT1  benefits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  affluent_JJ  society_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  assist_VV0  the_AT1  less_RG  fortunate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  stress_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  public_JJ  as_IO  against_II  private_JJ  interests_NNS  .    
  what_DDQ  ,_,  precisely_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  they_PPHS2  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  increases_NNS  in_IO  taxation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  increase_VV0  old-age_JB  pensions_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  that_DD1  other_DA  democratic_JJ  socialist_NN  ,_,  Woodrow_NP  Wyatt_NP  ,_,  \0MP_NNSB1  (_(  who_PNQS a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  advocated_VVD  relief_NN  for_IO  surtax_NN  payers_NNS  )_)  say_VV0  about_IO  such_DA  class_NN  legislation_NN  .  
  how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  guarantee_VV0  that_DD1  industry_NN  will_VM  operate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  interest_NN  while_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  privately_RR  owned_VBN  .  
  our_APP$  two_MC  democratic_JJ  socialists_NNS    regard_VV0  the_AT1  public_JJ  ownership_NN  of_IO  industries_NNS  or_CC  services_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  useful_JJ  technique_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  justified_VBN  on_IO  its_APP$  merits_NNS  .    
  no_AT1  liberal_NN  or_CC  tory_NN  would_VM  disagree_VV0  with_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  vague_JJ  platitude_NN  .  
  socialists_NNS  advocate_VV0  public_JJ  ownership_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  means_NN  of_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  two_MC  classes_NNS  in_IO  society_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  that_PNQS produces_VBZ  the_AT1  wealth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  but_CCB  does_VBZ  not_XX  receive_VV0  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  labour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  class_NN  who_PNQS own_VV0  industry_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  do_VD0  not_XX  play_VV0  any_DD  part_NN  directly_RR  or_CC  indirectly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  or_CC  distribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  wealth_NN  .  
  our_APP$  democratic_JJ  socialists_NNS  make_VV0  a_AT1  clarion_NN  call_NN  to_IO  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  heard_VBN  .  
  for_IO  what_DDQ  purpose_NN  .  
  to_TO  influence_VV0  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  how_CS can_VM  this_DD1  be_VB0  done_VBN  when_CS our_APP$  democratic_JJ  socialists_NNS  deny_VV0  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  to_TO  determine_VV0  policy_NN  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  insist_VV0    that_CS  no-one_PN1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  dictate_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  .    
  which_DDQ  must_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  dictate_VV0  policy_NN  to_IO  labour_NN  party_NN  members_NNS  .  
  clearly_RR  our_APP$  two_MC  democratic_JJ  socialists_NNS  are_VBR  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  should_VM  give_VV0  up_RP  its_APP$  heritage_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  party_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  and_CC  adopt_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  essentials_NNS  of_IO  tory_JJ  and_CC  liberal_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  a_DA  few_DA  harmless_JJ  platitudes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  tory_JJ  organisational_JJ  principles_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  make_VV0  any_DD  pretence_NN  of_IO  allowing_VBG  tory_JJ  rank_NN  and_CC  file_NN  members_NNS  any_DD  part_NN  in_IO  deciding_VBG  policy_NN  .  
  \0R_NP  Seddon_NP  .  
  \0P_NP  \0O_NP  early_JJ  closing_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  time_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  custom_NN  of_IO  sub-post_JB  offices_NNS  closing_VBG  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  was_VBDZ  abolished_VBN  and_CC  replaced_VBN  by_IO  closing_VBG  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  arrangement_NN  under_IO  which_DDQ  parcels_NNS  and_CC  air_NN  mails_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  sent_VBN  specially_RR  to_IO  Oldham_NP  general_JJ  post_NN  office_NN  on_IO  Tuesdays_NN2  very_RG  inconvenient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  many_DA  firms_NNS  in_IO  Oldham_NP  who_PNQS are_VBR  inconvenienced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  business_NN  firms_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  among_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  users_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  requirements_NNS  on_IO  Saturdays_NN2  are_VBR  usually_RR  small_JJ  .  
  \0J_NP  Baggs_NP  ,_,  managing_JJ  director_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Baggs_NP  electric_JJ  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  \0O_NP  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  \0S_NP  places_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  state_VV0  why_CS the_AT1  places_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Hulme_NP  grammar_NN  Schools_NPLS  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  drastically_RR  reduced_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  the_AT1  excuse_NN  is_VBZ  economy_NN  ;_;  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  a_AT1  similar_JJ  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Manchester_NP  places_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  with_IO  fare_NN  and_CC  dinner_NN  grants_NNS  the_AT1  cost_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  greater_JJ  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  .  
  why_CS pick_VV0  out_RP  one_MC1  school_NN  from_IO  four_MC  to_TO  reduce_VV0  .  
  why_CS not_XX  a_AT1  fairer_JJ  scheme_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  places_NNS  from_IO  each_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  interested_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  their_APP$  reasons_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  ratepayer_NN  .  
  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  housing_NN  bill_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Platt's_PPIO2  recent_JJ  patronising_JJ  offering_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  columns_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  new_JJ  housing_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pathetic_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  divert_VV0  your_APP$  readers'_NN2  attention_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  contention_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  recent_JJ  letter_NN    namely_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  managed_VBN  to_TO  resist_VV0  pressure_NN  from_IO  socialist_JJ  councillors_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  differential_JJ  rent_NN  scheme_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  alarmingly_RR  small_JJ  .  
  surely_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt's_PPIO2  ingenuity_NN  extends_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  further_RRR  than_IO  such_DA  phrases_NNS  as_IO      there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  both_DB2  for_IO  and_CC  against_IO  differential_JJ  rents_NNS    and_CC    local_JJ  conservatives_NNS  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  time_NN  off_RP  from_IO  screaming_VBG  emotional_JJ  slogans_NNS  about_IO  wealthy_JJ  council_NN  house_NN  tenants_NNS  ,_,    when_CS attempting_VBG  to_TO  defend_VV0  the_AT1  complete_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  any_DD  test_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tenant's_NN1$  means_NNS  before_IO  allocating_VBG  ratepayers'_NN2  money_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  relief_NN  of_IO  rent_NN  .  
  or_CC  does_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  realise_VV0  already_RR  that_CS  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  defence_NN  against_IO  such_DA  indiscriminate_JJ  and_CC  amoral_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  money_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  his_APP$  compatriots_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  would_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  grasp_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  onus_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  very_RG  definitely_RR  on_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  to_TO  consider_VV0  all_DB  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  of_IO  ratepayers_NNS  when_CS formulating_VBG  their_APP$  rent_NN  policies_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  merely_RR  where_CS political_JJ  advantage_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  gained_VBN  or_CC  lost_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  seems_VBZ  terribly_RR  confused_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  housing_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  right_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing_VBG  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  inconsistency_NN  of_IO  redistributing_VBG  the_AT1  additional_JJ  *+3_NNU  million_MC  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  housing_NN  subsidies'_NN2  bill_NN  rises_VBZ  every_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  to_TO  cover_VV0  new_JJ  building_NN  ,_,  and_CC  failing_VBG  to_TO  redistribute_VV0  the_AT1  existing_JJ  *+61_NNU  million_MC  .  
  one_MC1  suspects_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  was_VBDZ  wary_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  immense_JJ  administrative_JJ  difficulties_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  tinkering_VBG  with_IO  subsidies_NNS  which_DDQ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  have_VH0  already_RR  taken_VBN  into_IO  account_NN  when_CS arriving_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  rent_NN  for_IO  existing_JJ  property_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  *+22_NNU  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  for_IO  slum_NN  clearance_NN  ,_,  *+10_NNU  for_IO  one-bedroomed_JJ  houses_NNS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  *+32_NNU  for_IO  overspill_NN  building_NN  .  
  the_AT1  annual_JJ  increment_NN  of_IO  *+3_NNU  million_MC  will_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  distributed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  grant_NN  of_IO  *+24_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  *+8_NNU  for_IO  all_DB  new_JJ  houses_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  grant_NN  for_IO  specific_JJ  purposes_NNS  as_CS  previously_RR  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  apparently_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  fully_RR  understood_VBN  .  
  seen_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  assertion_NN  that_CS    this_DD1  *+3_NNU  million_MC  is_VBZ  entirely_RR  taken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  slum_NN  clearance_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,    is_VBZ  somewhat_RR  inaccurate_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  net_JB  results_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  redistribution_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  subsidies_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  first_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  existing_JJ  arrangements_NNS  which_DDQ  unduly_RR  favour_VV0  the_AT1  larger_JJ  towns_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  high_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  pre-war_JB  houses_NNS  compared_VBN  with_IO  rural_JJ  authorities_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  done_VBN  most_DA  their_APP$  building_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  post-war_JB  years_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  severely_RR  modified_VBN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  anomalous_JJ  position_NN  whereby_CS rents_NNS  of_IO  council_NN  houses_NNS  are_VBR  higher_JJ  in_IO  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  incomes_NNS  of_IO  tenants_NNS  are_VBR  almost_RR  certainly_RR  lower_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  swept_VBN  away_RP  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  authorities_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  financial_JJ  needs_NNS  test_NN  proposed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  where_CS rent_NN  income_NN  calculated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  twice_RR  the_AT1  1956_MC  gross_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  particular_JJ  local_JJ  authority's_NN1$  houses_NNS  exceeds_VBZ  annual_JJ  expenditure_NN  and_CC  receive_VV0  the_AT1  lower_JJ  subsidy_NN  )_)  will_VM  be_VB0  induced_VBN  to_TO  utilise_VV0  all_DB  possible_JJ  rent_NN  resources_NNS  to_TO  balance_VV0  their_APP$  housing_NN  revenue_NN  accounts_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  justifiable_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  is_VBZ  adopting_VBG  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  rents_NNS  policy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  collecting_VBG  in_IO  rents_NNS  an_AT1  income_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  twice_RR  the_AT1  1956_MC  gross_JJ  rateable_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  property_NN  ,_,  while_CS  pursuing_VBG  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  scheme_NN  of_IO  rent_NN  rebate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  more_RG  needy_JJ  tenants_NNS  ,_,  financed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rate-subsidy_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  smaller_JJ  than_CS  hitherto_RR  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  agree_VV0  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt's_PPIO2  contention_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  yard-stick_NN  proposed_VBN  will_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  unnecessary_JJ  exchequer_NN  spending_NN  .  
  even_RR  allowing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  unlikely_JJ  contingency_NN  of_IO  building_NN  costs_NNS  continuing_VBG  to_TO  rise_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  precipitous_JJ  rate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  suddenly_RR  finding_VBG  that_CS  their_APP$  rent_NN  income_NN  falls_VBZ  short_RR  of_IO  housing_NN  expenditure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  qualifying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  exchequer_NN  subsidy_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  provision_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  yearly_JJ  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  further_JB  building_NN  by_IO  each_DD1  authority_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Platt_NP  significantly_RR  fails_VBZ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  any_DD  alternative_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  1956_MC  gross_JJ  rateable_JJ  value_NN  test_NN  ,_,  however_CS arbitrary_JJ  this_DD1  figure_NN  admittedly_RR  is_VBZ  .  
  all_DB  candidates_NNS  in_IO  impending_JJ  municipal_JJ  elections_NNS  would_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  prepare_VV0  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  such_DA  questions_NNS  as_CS  ,_,      is_VBZ  the_AT1  rate_NN  subsidy_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  paying_VBG  being_VBG  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  .  ,_,    and_CC      is_VBZ  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  subsidy_NN  distributed_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS need_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  or_CC  alternatively_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  merely_RR  utilised_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  general_JJ  reduction_NN  in_IO  rents_NNS  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  of_IO  tenants_NNS  .    
  for_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  questions_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  every_AT1  ratepayer_NN  might_VM  justifiably_RR  expect_VV0  a_AT1  favourable_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  Councillor_NNSB1  Keith_NP  \0W_NP  Taylor_NP  .  
  a_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  Waterloo_NP  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  former_DA  head_JB  girl_NN  prefect_NN  of_IO  Waterloo_NP  School_NNL1  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  someone_PN1  should_VM  put_VV0  a_AT1  stop_NN  to_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  idle_JJ  gossip_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  school_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  odd_JJ  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  bad_JJ  ones_CD1S  who_PNQS spoil_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  are_VBR  getting_VBG  blamed_VBN  for_IO  things_NNS  unruly_JJ  children_NNS  have_VH0  done_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  not_XX  always_RR  be_VB0  blamed_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  staff_NN  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  slackness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  teachers_NNS  have_VH0  heard_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  gossip_NN  about_IO  Waterloo_NP  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  frightened_VBN  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  blame_VV0  the_AT1  fourth-formers_NNS  for_IO  wanting_VBG  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  month_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  school_NN  life_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  school_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  can_VM  be_VB0  gained_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  protest_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  teachers_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  stay_VV0  at_IO  Waterloo_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  point_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  Waterloo_NP  pupils_NNS  are_VBR  getting_VBG  blamed_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  fights_NNS  at_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  schools_NNS  if_CS  people_NNS  are_VBR  looking_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  them_PPHO1  because_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  Waterloo_NP  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  gossip_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  disobedient_JJ  children_NNS  which_DDQ  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  school_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  that_CS  all_DB  schools_NNS  are_VBR  perfect_JJ  except_IO  Waterloo_NP  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  better_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  ex-prefect_NN  .  
  why_CS stay_VV0  .  
  when_CS   elector_NN    and_CC    southerner_NN    have_VH0  finished_VBN  pulling_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_IO  pieces_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  them_PPHO1  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  keeping_VBG  them_PPHO1  here_RL  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  so_RG  heartily_RR  disapprove_VV0  of_IO  filthy_JJ  Oldham_NP  ,_,  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  go_VV0  back_RP  down_RP  south_NN1  ,_,  where_CS children_NNS  always_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  to_IO  school_NN  well_RR  scrubbed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  soap_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  .  
  who_PNQS  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  kidding_VBG  .  
  Dorothy_NP  Moss_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  I_PPIS1  must_VM  answer_VV0    southerner's_NN1$    statement_NN  that_CS    Oldham_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  filthiest_JJT  town_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  also_RR  a_AT1  southerner_NN  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  lived_VBN  in_IO  Oldham_NP  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  30_MC  years_NNS  .  
  has_VHZ    southerner_NN    ever_RR  arrived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  hours_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  stations_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  walk_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  without_IO  falling_VBG  over_IO  bottles_NNS  and_CC  litter_NN  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  subways_NNS  preferred_VBN  to_IO  baths_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    your_APP$  correspondent_NN  \0S_NP  Armitage_NP  quotes_VBZ  a_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  5,000_MC  people_NNS  drowned_VBN  in_IO  and_CC  around_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  figures_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  Saturday's_NP1    echo_NN    mentions_VBZ  a_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  4,000_MC  every_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  these_DD2  casualties_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  among_IO  the_AT1  non-swimming_JB  members_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  population_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  venture_VV0  to_TO  suggest_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  greater_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  unfortunate_JJ  people_NNS  could_VM  swim_VV0  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  drowned_VBN  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  been_VBN  non-swimmers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  often_RR  the_AT1  swimmer_NN  that_PNQS ventures_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  gets_VBZ  into_IO  difficulties_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  rescued_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  time_NN  .  
  non-swimmers_NNS  are_VBR  content_JJ  to_TO  paddle_VV0  ,_,  sun-bathe_VV0  and_CC  splash_VV0  about_RP  generally_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  seaside_NN  and_CC  very_RG  rarely_RR  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  enter_VV0  rivers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  sufficiency_NN  of_IO  baths_NNS  throughout_IO  Britain_NP  would_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  difference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  that_PNQS flock_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  rivers_NNS  and_CC  coasts_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  months_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  thing_NN  if_CS  everyone_PN1  could_VM  swim_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  everyone_PN1  has_VHZ  either_LE  the_AT1  desire_NN  or_CC  inclination_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  then_RL  again_RR  so_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  much_RR  prefer_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  or_CC  river_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  baths_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  learned_VBN  to_TO  swim_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  much_RR  preferring_VBG  the_AT1  fresh_JJ  sea_NN  breeze_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  chlorinated_JJ  odour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  swimming_NN  bath_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  wish_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  our_APP$  money_NN  and_CC  gain_VV0  the_AT1  thanks_NNS  of_IO  everyone_PN1  ,_,  by_IO  benefiting_VBG  everyone_PN1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  ,_,  then_RL  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  set_VV0  about_IO  providing_VBG  the_AT1  town_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  much-needed_JB  safe_JJ  road_NN  crossings_NNS  we_PPIS2  so_RG  urgently_RR  require_VV0  :_:  these_DD2  could_VM  be_VB0  subways_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  would_VM  allow_VV0  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  flow_NN  of_IO  traffic_NN  on_IO  our_APP$  main_JB  thoroughfares_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  \0Prom_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  solve_VV0  that_DD1  immediate_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  suggest_VV0  two_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  High-street_NP  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  real_JJ  benefit_NN  to_IO  motorist_NN  and_CC  pedestrian_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  least_RBT  for_IO  the_AT1  elderly_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  astonishing_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  one_MC1  subway_NN  already_RR  at_IO  Pittville_NP  Park_NNL1    how_CS much_RR  more_RG  useful_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  under_IO  the_AT1  High-street_NP  !_!  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  saved_VBN  some_DD  child's_NN1$  life_NN  being_VBG  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  interim_JB  period_NN  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  pedestrian_NN  crossings_NNS  with_IO  automatic_JJ  light_NN  signals_NNS  giving_VBG    cross_VV0  now_RL    instruction_NN  .  
  \0D_NP  \0C_NP  Wride_NP  .  
  Prestbury-road_NP  ,_,  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  Spurs_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1    double_NN    .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    with_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  soccer_NN  season_NN  left_VBN  chief_JB  interest_NN  in_IO  sporting_NN  circles_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  can_VM  Tottenham_NP  Hotspurs_NP2  ,_,  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  team_NN  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  pull_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  league_NN  and_CC  cup_NN    double_NN  ,_,    last_RR  performed_VBN  in_IO  1897_MC  by_IO  those_DD2  famous_JJ  cup_NN  fighters_NNS  Aston_NP  Villa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  eight_MC  years_NNS  previously_RR  in_IO  1889_MC  by_IO  Preston_NP  North_NP  End_NP  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  title_NN  the_AT1  'Spurs_NP  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  unassailable_JJ  position_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  surprise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  fail_VV0  to_TO  finish_VV0  on_IO  top_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  danger_NN  comes_VBZ  from_IO  Sheffield_NP  Wednesday_NP  .  
  regarding_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  ,_,  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  great_JJ  excitement_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  at_IO  Roker_NP  Park_NNL1  where_CS next_DA  Saturday_NN1  Tottenham_NP  and_CC  Sunderland_NP  will_VM  fight_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  semi-final_NN  .  
  'Spurs_NP  have_VH0  an_AT1  extremely_RR  tough_JJ  task_NN  here_RL  .  
  in_IO  conclusion_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  Sheffield_NP  \0Utd_NP  and_CC  Sunderland_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  second_MD  division_NN  ,_,  also_RR  have_VH0  possible_JJ    double_NN    chances_NNS  .  
  Bert_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  5_MC  ,_,  Albany-road_NP  ,_,  Tivoli_NP  ,_,  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  chain_NN  letter_NN  hoax_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  attention_NN  yet_RR  again_RR  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  numerous_JJ  chain_NN  letters_NNS  in_IO  circulation_NN  in_IO  Cheltenham_NP  purporting_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  savings_NNS  movement_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  national_JJ  bank_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  inform_VV0  your_APP$  readers_NNS  ,_,  through_IO  your_APP$  columns_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  these_DD2  chain_NN  letters_NNS  are_VBR  illegal_JJ  and_CC  are_VBR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  complete_JJ  hoax_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  backing_NN  of_IO  either_LE  the_AT1  national_JJ  savings_NNS  movement_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  bank_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  purported_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  trustee_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  funds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  chain_NN  is_VBZ  simply_RR  to_TO  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  letter_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  received_VBN  .  
  \0J_NP  \0C_NP  Nicholls_NP  ,_,  \0Hon_NNSB1  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  local_JJ  national_JJ  savings_NNS  committee_NN  ,_,  manager_NN  ,_,  trustee_NN  savings_NNS  bank_NN  .  
  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  \0J_NP  \0W_NP  \0O_NP  Pope_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    as_IO  a_AT1  writer_NN  of_IO  tributes_NNS  to_IO  departed_JJ  good_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  town_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  our_APP$  press_NN  has_VHZ  paid_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  and_CC  moving_JJ  tribute_NN  to_IO  this_DD1    tireless_JJ  citizen_NN  .    
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  say_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  Norwich_NP  lost_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  socialist_JJ  principles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Keir-Hardie_NP  ;_;  Glasgow_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Jimmy_NP  Maxton_NP  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  Cheltenham_NP  has_VHZ  lost_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  these_DD2  same_DA  principles_NNS  .  
  \0F_NP  \0G_NP  Short_NP  (_(  late_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  \0I.L_NP  party_NN  )_)  ,_,  27_MC  ,_,  Bath-parade_NP  ,_,  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  people_NNS  want_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    spoon-fed_JJ  generation_NN    who_PNQS regularly_RR  reads_VBZ  your_APP$  letters_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  often_RR  been_VBN  tempted_VBN  to_TO  write_VV0  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  complaints_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  voiced_VBN  in_IO  your_APP$  columns_NNS  .  
  after_IO  reading_VBG    free_JJ  trader's_NN1$    latest_JJT  example_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  refrain_VV0  no_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  follows_VBZ  his_APP$  argument_NN  that_CS  only_RR  swimmers_NNS  should_VM  pay_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  swimming_NN  bath_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  only_RR  readers_NNS  should_VM  pay_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  library_NN  ,_,  only_RR  walkers_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  park_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  music-lovers_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  swimmers_NNS  are_VBR  asking_VBG  for_IO  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  free_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  quite_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  its_APP$  annual_JJ  cost_NN  by_IO  paying_VBG  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  entrance_NN  fee_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  somewhere_RR  where_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  good_JJ  facilities_NNS  for_IO  enjoying_VBG  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  for_IO  teaching_VBG  their_APP$  children_NNS  to_TO  swim_VV0  (_(  as_CS  ,_,  despite_IO    free_JJ  trader's_NN1$    statement_NN  that_CS    only_RR  swimmers_NNS  and_CC  learners_NNS    drown_VV0  ,_,  children_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  known_VBN  to_TO  fall_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  )_)  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  wealthy_JJ  enough_RGA  not_XX  to_TO  require_VV0  any_DD  public_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  entertainment_NN  or_CC  amusement_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  begrudge_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  people_NNS  less_RG  fortunate_JJ  than_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  surely_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  only_RR  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  to_TO  wait_VV0  before_CS  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_DD1  old_JJ  people_NNS  should_VM  save_VV0  enough_DD  to_TO  retire_VV0  on_IO  without_IO  needing_VBG  pensions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  O'Gorman_NP  decides_VBZ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  altogether_RR  and_CC  let_VV0  her_PPHO1  run_VV0  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  spoon-fed_JJ  .  
  deterring_VBG  rates_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    the_AT1  statement_NN  that_CS  5,000_MC  deaths_NNS  (_(  since_II  amended_VBN  to_IO  4,000_MC  )_)  in_IO  and_CC  around_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  1960_MC  were_VBDR  due_JJ  to_IO  drowning_VBG  rather_RR  fails_VBZ  as_IO  an_AT1  argument_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  super_JJ  swimming_NN  bath_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  could_VM  already_RR  swim_VV0  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  wanting_VBG  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  swim_VV0  in_IO  Cheltenham_NP  is_VBZ  prevented_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  ten_MC  swimming_NN  baths_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  municipally-owned_JJ  ones_CD1S  losing_VBG  money_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  .  
  other_DA  towns_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  manage_VV0  to_TO  build_VV0  baths_NNS  reasonably_RR  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  Worcester_NP  *+30,000_NNU  ,_,  Norwich_NP  *+130,000_NNU  .  
  why_CS does_VBZ  Cheltenham_NP  need_VV0  *+230,000_NNU  ,_,  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  running_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  except_CS  at_IO  heavy_JJ  loss_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  expenditure_NN  on_IO  new_JJ  rating_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  street_NN  costing_VBG  *+1,000,000_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pump_NN  room_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  municipal_JJ  offices_NNS  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  eventual_JJ  rates_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  deter_VV0  people_NNS  from_IO  coming_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  more_RRR  by_IO  excessively_RR  high_JJ  rates_NNS  than_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  luxury_NN  swimming_NN  bath_NN  for_IO  use_NN  in_IO  winter_NN  .  
  Alderman_NNSB1  Lipson_NP  observed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  recommend_VV0  new_JJ  projects_NNS  without_IO  counting_VBG  the_AT1  cost_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  entitled_VBN  to_TO  doubt_VV0  the_AT1  assertion_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  practicable_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  and_CC  heat_VV0  the_AT1  Sandford_NP  bath_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  this_DD1  really_RR  been_VBN  investigated_VBN  by_IO  impartial_JJ  experts_NNS  .  
  ratepayer_NN  .  
  fox's_NN1$  instinct_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Shill_NP  why_CS the_AT1  fox_NN    flees_VBZ  the_AT1  hounds_NNS    when_CS it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX    fear_VV0  the_AT1  kill_NN    .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  instinct_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fox_NN  is_VBZ  cunning_JJ  ,_,  whether_CS  hunting_VBG  or_CC  being_VBG  hunted_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS pushed_VBN  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  a_AT1  wild_JJ  animal_NN  it_PPH1  naturally_RR  seeks_VBZ  refuge_NN  in_IO  flight_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fox_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  afraid_JJ  when_CS death_NN  seems_VBZ  imminent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  English_JJ  foxhound_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  is_VBZ  making_VBG  ,_,  its_APP$  mark_NN  in_IO  all_DB  five_MC  continents_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  beagling_NN  becomes_VBZ  increasingly_RR  popular_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  .  
  nature-lover_NN  .  
  Mondays_NN2  for_IO  shop_NN  workers_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO    Canuck_NP    to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  closing_VBG  days_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  for_IO  shops_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  inconvenience_NN  of_IO  haphazard_JJ  half-days_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  the_AT1  extra_JJ  staff_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  this_DD1  system_NN  and_CC  maintain_VV0  efficient_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  small_JJ  trader_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  worst_RBT  affected_JJ  .  
  Saturday_NN1  afternoon_NN  or_CC  all_DB  day_NN  Wednesday_NN1  closing_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  complete_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  Saturdays_NN2  for_IO  industrial_JJ  workers_NNS  and_CC  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  .  
  why_CS not_XX  Mondays_NN2  for_IO  shop-workers_NNS  .  
  flatfeet_NNS  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  land-workers_NNS  want_VV0  fair_JJ  deal_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    landworkers'_NN2  wages_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  wage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  *+10_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  region_NN  .  
  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  get_VV0  about_RR  the_AT1  minimum_NN  wage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  *+8_NNU  9_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  overtime_NN  allowed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  leave_VV0  much_DA  to_TO  live_VV0  on_IO  after_IO  insurance_NN  ,_,  tax_NN  ,_,  rent_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  paid_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  canteen_NN  facilities_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  free_JJ  or_CC  helped-by-cash_JB  transport_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  landworker_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  all_DB  winds_NNS  and_CC  weathers_NNS  .  
  why_CS should_VM  the_AT1  landworker_NN  be_VB0  the_AT1  Cinderella_NP  of_IO  jobs_NNS  .  
  conditions_NNS  for_IO  factory_NN  workers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  trades_NNS  have_VH0  greatly_RR  improved_VBN  ,_,  so_RR  why_CS not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  landworker_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   see_VV0  the_AT1  landworkers'_NN2  minimum_JJ  wage_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  all_DB  low_RR  paid_JJ  workers_NNS  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  *+10_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  bringing_VBG  them_PPHO1  more_RRR  in_IO  line_NN  with_IO  industrial_JJ  wages_NNS  .  
  why_CS should_VM  not_XX  *+10_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  go_VV0  tax-free_JJ  and_CC  have_VH0  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  prescriptions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  for_IO  widows_NNS  and_CC  pensioners_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  it_PPH1  said_VBN  by_IO  younger_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  left_VBN  the_AT1  land_NN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  landworker's_NN1$  wage_NN  was_VBDZ  *+10_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  .  
  so_RR  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   see_VV0  them_PPHO1  get_VV0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  and_CC  square_JJ  deal_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  deserve_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  landworker's_NN1$  wife_NN  .  
  \0Glos_NP  .  
  Montpellier_NP  caryatides_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  lived_VBN  practically_RR  all_DB  my_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  Cheltenham_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  until_CS  recently_RR  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  discover_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  caryatides_NNS  of_IO  Montpellier-walk_NP    the_AT1    armless_JJ  walk_NN      were_VBDR  not_XX  all_DB  cast_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  mould_NN  !_!  
  most_DA  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  identical_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  several_DA  have_VH0  a_AT1  marked_JJ  essential_JJ  difference_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  other_DA  readers_NNS  are_VBR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  discrepancy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  add_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  drawn_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  by_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  who_PNQS hoped_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  easy_JJ  shilling_NN  by_IO  offering_VBG  to_TO  bet_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  right_JJ  .  
  Coeur_NP  de_&FW  Lion_NP  .  
  devotion_NN  to_IO  patients_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    my_APP$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  recently_RR  admitted_VBN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Paul's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  for_IO  an_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  serious_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  confidence_NN  and_CC  extreme_JJ  skill_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  successful_JJ  conclusion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ultimate_JJ  discharge_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  painstaking_JJ  care_NN  ,_,  attention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  devotion_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  patients_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  and_CC  nurses_NNS  were_VBDR  truly_RR  wonderful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  much_DA  to_TO  relieve_VV0  any_DD  fears_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  assist_VV0  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  possible_JJ  to_TO  speed_VV0  complete_JJ  recovery_NN  .  
  during_IO  visits_NNS  to_IO  my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  the_AT1  human_JJ  and_CC  personal_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  nurses_NNS  and_CC  patient_NN  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  developing_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  close_JJ  understanding_NN  ,_,  materially_RR  assists_VBZ  the_AT1  ailing_JJ  and_CC  sick_JJ  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  recovery_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  these_DD2  kindly_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  quiet_JJ  ,_,  unassuming_JJ  understanding_NN  and_CC  professional_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  not_XX  more_RRR  appreciated_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  without_IO  these_DD2  qualities_NNS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  indeed_RR  lost_VBN  .  
  may_VM  the_AT1  surgeons_NNS  ever_RR  be_VB0  directed_VBN  by_IO  divine_JJ  skill_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  operations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  and_CC  nurses_NNS  retain_VV0  their_APP$  refreshing_JJ  charm_NN  and_CC  efficiency_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  continual_JJ  strain_NN  and_CC  shortage_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  splendid_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  \0C_NP  \0N_NP  Brooks_NP  ,_,  76_MC  Milton-road_NP  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  .  
    policy_NN  of_IO  masterly_JJ  inactivity_NN    .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    might_VM  I_PPIS1  respectfully_RR  suggest_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Town_NNL1  council_NN  that_CS  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  inquiry_NN  now_RL  proceeding_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  plan_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  come_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  some_DD  scheme_NN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  appalling_JJ  traffic_NN  congestion_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  should_VM  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  masterly_JJ  inactivity_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  should_VM  carry_VV0  on_RP  as_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  doing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  10_MC  years_NNS  until_CS  some_DD  bright_JJ  spark_NN  among_IO  them_PPHO1  (_(  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  )_)  can_VM  think_VV0  up_RP  something_PN1  useful_JJ  .  
  otherwise_RR  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  possible_JJ  excuse_NN  for_IO  further_JB  spending_NN  of_IO  ratepayers'_NN2  hard-earned_JJ  money_NN  .  
  \0J_NP  \0A_NP  Whitaker_NP  .  
  Alveston_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  Annes-road_NP  ,_,  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  \0N.H_NP  festival_NN  record_NN  likely_JJ  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    as_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  hunt_NN  festival_NN  meeting_VBG  approaches_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  sporting_JJ  public_NN  hope_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  mild_JJ  weather_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  that_CS  any_DD  late_JJ  sudden_JJ  snap_NN  will_VM  stay_VV0  away_RP  sufficiently_RR  long_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  three-day_JB  popular_JJ  festival_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  spring-like_JJ  weather_NN  continues_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  record_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  up_RP  for_IO  attendances_NNS  .  
  commentary_NN  .  
  insoluble_JJ  housing_NN  problem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  with_IO  long_RR  standing_JJ  problems_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  most_DA  people_NNS  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  housing_NN  problem_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   as_IO  a_AT1  serious_JJ  social_JJ  difficulty_NN  for_IO  16_MC  years_NNS    since_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  world_NN  war_NN  2_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  post_JB  war_NN  years_NNS  it_PPH1  led_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  outcry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  parties_NNS  vied_VVD  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  their_APP$  claims_NNS  as_IO  to_II  how_CS many_DA  houses_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  under_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  programmes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  problem_NN  was_VBDZ  simpler_JJ  then_RL  .  
  the_AT1  need_NN  was_VBDZ  gigantic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  task_NN  was_VBDZ  solely_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS speedily_RR  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  met_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  materials_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  available_JJ  .  
  in_IO  1961_MC  the_AT1  public_JJ  sympathy_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  with_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS need_VV0  housing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  attention_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  focussed_VBN  more_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  home-seekers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  newly-married_JB  couples_NNS  wishing_VBG  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  faced_VBN  with_IO  mortgages_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  some_DD  of_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  overlook_VV0  the_AT1  still_RR  urgent_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  adequate_JJ  housing_NN  for_IO  established_JJ  families_NNS  .  
  Chislehurst-Sidcup_NP  council_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  housing_NN  list_NN  of_IO  more_DA  than_IO  1,300_MC  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Cray_NP  Place_NNL1  Estate_NNL1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  built_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  major_JJ  estates_NNS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  land_NN  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  green_JJ  belt_NN  setting_NN  ,_,  for_IO  either_LE  council_NN  or_CC  private_JJ  developer_NN  .  
  in_IO  what_DDQ  straits_NNS  those_DD2  1,300_MC  live_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  housing_NN  committee_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  officers_NNS  know_VV0  .  
  their_APP$  work_NN  is_VBZ  confidential_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  know_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  newcomers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  outstrip_VV0  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  ability_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  accommodation_NN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  even_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  pleasant_JJ  district_NN  ,_,  some_DD  families_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  living_VBG  in_IO  overcrowded_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  expressed_VBN  in_IO  council_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  housing_NN  problem_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN    always_NC2    has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  some_DD  shrewd_JJ  thinking_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  hope_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  for_IO  the_AT1  1,300_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  hundreds_MC2  more_DA  who_PNQS will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  offices_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  are_VBR  urged_VBN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  slum_NN  clearance_NN    there_EX  are_VBR  a_DA  few_DA  slums_NNS  in_IO  Chislehurst-Sidcup_NP    and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  reminded_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  dwellings_NNS  specially_RR  suitable_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  elderly_JJ  .  
  how_CS can_VM  they_PPHS2  fulfil_VV0  all_DB  their_APP$  commitments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  sell_VV0  the_AT1  houses_NNS  at_IO  North_NP  Cray_NP  to_IO  tenants_NNS  on_IO  special_JJ  terms_NNS  has_VHZ  its_APP$  merits_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  recognised_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  good_JJ  for_IO  people_NNS  to_TO  own_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  houses_NNS  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  means_NN  the_AT1  council_NN  should_VM  encourage_VV0  people_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  envisaged_VBN  buying_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  homes_NN2  to_TO  take_VV0  on_RP  that_DD1  responsibility_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  check_VV0  the_AT1  trend_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  landlords_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  ever-increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  tenants_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  have_VH0  only_RR  a_AT1  minor_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  resurgent_JJ  housing_NN  problem_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  must_VM  that_DD1  remain_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   as_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  cancer_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  talk_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  move_NN  of_IO  population_NN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  octopus_NN  turns_VBZ  into_IO  action_NN  ,_,  forced_VBN  on_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  sheer_JB  desperate_JJ  necessity_NN  .  
  commentary_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  our_APP$  education_NN  worth_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  .  
  last_DA  week_NN  marked_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  relaxation_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  intense_JJ  activity_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  many_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  indicated_VBN  prospects_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  some_DD  have_VH0  said_VBN  farewell_NN  to_IO  schools_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  guided_VBN  and_CC  encouraged_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  next_DA  month_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  going_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  secondary_JJ  education_NN  now_RL  bestowed_VBN  .  
  others_DA2  have_VH0  left_VBN  school_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  way_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  competitive_JJ  technical_JJ  and_CC  scientific_JJ  world_NN  .  
  how_CS well_RR  they_PPHS2  fare_VV0  will_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  how_CS much_DA  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  assimilated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  before_IO  and_CC  after_IO  the_AT1  11-plus_NN    that_DD1  mystic_JJ  phrase_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  brought_VBN  quite_RR  unnecessary_JJ  worry_NN  to_IO  parents_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  .  
  as_CS  one_MC1  head_JB  master_NN  said_VVD  recently_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  as_CS  failing_VBG  the_AT1  11-plus_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  merely_RR  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  the_AT1  best_JJT  form_NN  of_IO  education_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  works_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  term_NN  Kentish_JJ  Times_NP  reporters_NNS  visited_VVD  school_NN  open_JJ  days_NNS  and_CC  spoke_VVD  to_IO  head_JB  teachers_NNS  and_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  staffs_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  visited_VBN  classrooms_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  seen_VBN  how_CS modern_JJ  trends_NNS  in_IO  education_NN  are_VBR  helping_VBG  to_TO  prepare_VV0  the_AT1  children_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  ahead_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  impressed_VBN  by_IO  light_JJ  ,_,  airy_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  equipped_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  modern_JJ  aids_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  use_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  only_RR  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  blame_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  those_DD2  about_RP  to_TO  start_VV0  work_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  learn_VV0  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  every_AT1  assistance_NN  to_TO  pursue_VV0  their_APP$  studies_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  authorities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  firms_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  employ_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  vast_JJ  sums_NNS  are_VBR  spent_VBN  on_IO  education_NN  every_AT1  year_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  Kent_NP  bill_NN  accounts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  county_NN  spending_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  poor_JJ  ratepayer_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  pay_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  right_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  ask_VV0  ,_,  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  worth_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  indeed_RR  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  at_IO  present_NN  being_VBG  taught_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  schools_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  see_VV0  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  every_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  playing_VBG  their_APP$  part_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  black_JJ  sheep_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  fold_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  fulfil_VV0  our_APP$  hopes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  high_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  so_PN1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  objective_NN  .  
  consider_VV0  all_DB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  before_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  verdict_NN  .  
  that_DD1  done_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  one_MC1  answer_NN    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  it_PPH1  !_!  
  commentary_NN  .  
  thefts_NNS  from_IO  cars_NNS  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  so_RG  far_RR  there_EX  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  marked_JJ  decline_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  crime_NN  from_IO  last_DA  autumn's_NN1$  peak_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  led_VVD  Sidcup_NP  and_CC  district_NN  chamber_NN  of_IO  commerce_NN  to_TO  appeal_VV0  for_IO  more_DA  police_NNS  protection_NN  and_CC  to_TO  seek_VV0  information_NN  as_IO  to_II  how_CS best_RBT  their_APP$  trader_NN  members_NNS  could_VM  protect_VV0  their_APP$  property_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traders_NNS  and_CC  public_NN  at_RR  large_RR  can_VM  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  ,_,  thank_VV0  the_AT1  Sidcup_NP  police_NNS  for_IO  that_DD1  improvement_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  vigilance_NN  and_CC  alertness_NN  in_IO  past_JB  months_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  form_NN  of_IO  petty_JJ  theft_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  not_XX  abated_VBN  but_CCB  appears_VBZ  rather_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN    the_AT1  theft_NN  of_IO  property_NN  from_IO  cars_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  week_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  instances_NNS  of_IO  car_NN  spares_NNS  and_CC  accessories_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  quite_RR  frequently_RR  transistor_NN  radio_NN  sets_NNS  ,_,  being_VBG  stolen_VBN  from_IO  parked_JJ  cars_NNS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  police_NNS  reports_NNS  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  thefts_NNS  occur_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  unattended_JJ  public_JJ  car_NN  parks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  ,_,  easy_JJ  and_CC  rich_JJ  hunting_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prowling_JJ  car_NN  thief_NN  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  the_AT1  high_JJ  incidence_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  thefts_NNS  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  the_AT1  Sidcup_NP  police_NNS  to_TO  issue_VV0  yet_RR  another_DD1  warning_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  simply_RR  to_TO  ask_VV0  car_NN  owners_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  their_APP$  cars_NNS  are_VBR  properly_RR  locked_VBN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  left_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  value_NN  left_VBN  visibly_RR  enticing_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  .  
  a_AT1  locked_JJ  door_NN  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  deterrent_NN    a_AT1  thief_NN  will_VM  move_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  easier_JJ  prey_NN  .  
  bank_NN  holiday_NN  tragedy_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  road_NN  safety_NN  officials_NNS  have_VH0  acclaimed_VBN  Chislehurst-Sidcup_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  area_NN  free_JJ  of_IO  accidents_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  holiday_NN  weekends_NNS  .  
  technically_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  record_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  really_RR  been_VBN  broken_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  major_JJ  accident_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  occurred_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  boundaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  victim_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Chislehurst_NP  boy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  horror_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  touches_VBZ  us_PPIO2   all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  disaster_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  revealed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  adjourned_JJ  inquest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  place_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  A20_ZZ1  that_PNQS has_VHZ  a_AT1  dual_JJ  carriageway_NN    which_DDQ  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Sidcup_NP  are_VBR  still_RR  hoping_VBG  will_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  into_IO  this_DD1  urban_JJ  district_NN    so_RR  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  improvement_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  nature_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  argued_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  alarming_JJ  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  that_CS  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  accident_NN  can_VM  still_RR  happen_VV0  with_IO  dual_JJ  carriageways_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  there_EX  could_VM  so_RG  easily_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  other_DA  fatal_JJ  accidents_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  district_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  brushes_NNS  between_IO  traffic_NN  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  several_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  causing_VBG  minor_JJ  injury_NN  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  concerned_VBN  were_VBDR  lucky_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  unless_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  marked_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  driving_NN  standards_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  over-congested_JJ  roads_NNS  other_DA  drivers_NNS  may_VM  find_VV0  themselves_PPX2  less_RG  lucky_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  ahead_RR  .  
  commentary_NN  .  
  vandalism_NN  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  we_PPIS2  drew_VVD  attention_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  column_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  being_VBG  paid_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ratepayers_NNS  of_IO  Chislehurst-Sidcup_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  acts_NNS  of_IO  vandalism_NN  committed_VBN  by_IO  small_JJ  gangs_NNS  of_IO  hooligans_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  lamentable_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  so_RG  soon_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  record_VV0  our_APP$  disgust_NN  and_CC  dismay_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  damage_NN  still_RR  being_VBG  caused_VBN  to_IO  public_JJ  and_CC  private_JJ  property_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  district_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  wanton_JJ  damage_NN  caused_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  pavilion_NN  at_IO  Mottingham_NP  has_VHZ  cost_VBN  Chislehurst-Sidcup_NP  and_CC  Orpington_NP  divisional_JJ  education_NN  committee_NN  more_DA  than_IO  *+400_NNU  .  
  we_PPIS2  record_VV0  this_DD1  week_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  cricket_NN  pitch_NN  at_IO  Penhill_NP  was_VBDZ  badly_RR  damaged_VBN  on_IO  Friday_NN1  night_NN  by_IO  hooligans_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS uprooted_VVD  the_AT1  stakes_NNS  protecting_VBG  the_AT1  square_NN  and_CC  ripped_VVD  the_AT1  turf_NN  .  
  time_NN  ,_,  money_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  has_VHZ  thus_RR  been_VBN  wasted_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  anti-social_JJ  behaviour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  irresponsible_JJ  youths_NNS  .  
  quite_RR  often_RR  scout_NN  huts_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  targets_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  bent_VBN  on_IO  wrecking_VBG  .  
  unoccupied_JJ  buildings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  damaged_VBN  and_CC  fittings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  removed_VBN  from_IO  parked_JJ  cars_NNS  .  
  farmers_NNS  at_IO  North_NP  Cray_NP  have_VH0  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  been_VBN  the_AT1  victims_NNS  of_IO  vandals_NNS  and_CC  considerable_JJ  damage_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  caused_VBN  to_IO  buildings_NNS  ,_,  equipment_NN  and_CC  crops_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  responsible_JJ  obviously_RR  have_VH0  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  as_CS  valid_JJ  the_AT1  excuse_NN  now_RL  put_VBN  forward_RR  that_CS    there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  outlets_NNS  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS wish_VV0  to_TO  lead_VV0  constructive_JJ  lives_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  majority_NN  do_VD0  .  
  many_DA  young_JJ  people_NNS  belong_VV0  to_IO  organisations_NNS  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  interesting_JJ  pastimes_NNS  and_CC  hobbies_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  many_DA  engage_VV0  in_IO  pursuits_NNS  that_PNQS will_VM  bring_VV0  them_PPHO1  benefits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  pretend_VV0  that_CS  everything_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  is_VBZ  rosy_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  room_NN  for_IO  more_DA  and_CC  improved_JJ  facilities_NNS  for_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  use_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  leisure_NN  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  more_DA  is_VBZ  being_VBG  done_VBN  for_IO  youth_NN  to-day_NN1  than_CS  at_IO  any_DD  other_DA  time_NN  .  
  that_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  exists_VBZ  to-day_NN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  minority_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS seem_VV0  unable_JJ  to_TO  fit_VV0  themselves_PPX2  into_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  scheme_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  also_RR  take_VV0  a_AT1  firm_JJ  line_NN  .  
  their_APP$  actions_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  more_RG  frustrated_JJ  people_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  suffered_VBN  at_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  hooliganism_NN  in_IO  any_DD  shape_NN  or_CC  form_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  public_NN  can_VM  help_VV0  by_IO  reporting_VBG  anything_PN1  suspicious_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  commentary_NN  .  
  forty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  achievement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  40_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  four_MC  ex-service_JB  organisations_NNS  amalgamated_VVD  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  legion_NN  to_TO  call_VV0  with_IO  one_MC1  voice_NN  for_IO  justice_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  served_VBN  their_APP$  country_NN  and_CC  ,_,  being_VBG  demobilised_VBN  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  distress_NN  and_CC  need_NN  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  40_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  legion_NN  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  much_DA  and_CC  deserves_VBZ  the_AT1  salute_NN  and_CC  congratulations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  financed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  collected_VBN  on_IO  poppy_NN  day_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  legion's_NN1$  only_DA  general_JJ  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  given_VBN  immediate_JJ  and_CC  long_JJ  term_NN  aid_NN  to_IO  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  ex-service_JB  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  families_NNS  and_CC  dependents_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  maintains_VBZ  four_MC  convalescent_JJ  and_CC  four_MC  country_NN  homes_NN2  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  giving_VBG  permanent_JJ  homes_NN2  to_IO  230_MC  elderly_JJ  or_CC  permanently_RR  incapacitated_JJ  ex-service_JB  men_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  employment_NN  for_IO  war_NN  disabled_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  factories_NNS  and_CC  industries_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  disabled_JJ  men's_NN2  industries_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  home-bound_JJ  disabled_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  provides_VBZ  work_NN  and_CC  homes_NN2  for_IO  tubercular_JJ  ex-service_JB  men_NNS  at_IO  Preston_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Maidstone_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  legion_NN  pioneered_VVD  the_AT1  treatment_NN  ,_,  training_NN  and_CC  rehabilitation_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  legion_NN  has_VHZ  contributed_VBN  largely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  urgent_JJ  post_JB  world_NN  war_NN  2_MC  problem_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  house_NN  purchase_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  in_IO  13_MC  years_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  helped_VBN  19,000_MC  families_NNS  to_TO  buy_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  homes_NN2  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  5,000_MC  services_NNS  committees_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  temporary_JJ  and_CC  immediate_JJ  relief_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  ;_;  aid_NN  in_IO  sickness_NN  and_CC  in_IO  finding_VBG  jobs_NNS  ;_;  old_JJ  and_CC  lonely_JJ  people_NNS  visited_VBN  and_CC  holidays_NNS  arranged_VBN  for_IO  severely_RR  disabled_JJ  .  
  left_NN  ,_,  right_NN  &_CC  centre_NN  .  
  split_NN  over_IO  Africa_NP    welcome_JJ  news_NN    non-racialism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  deep_JJ  split_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  over_IO  Africa_NP  gives_VBZ  me_PPIO1  no_AT1  joy_NN  .  
  much_RR  too_RG  much_DA  is_VBZ  at_IO  stake_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  make_VV0  no_AT1  mistake_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  divisions_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  serious_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  revolt_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  grave_JJ  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  power_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  used_VBN  intemperate_JJ  language_NN    much_RR  more_RG  vigorous_JJ  than_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  resignation_NN  over_IO  Munich_NP  .  
  ninety_MC  conservatives_NNS  ,_,  despite_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  pressure_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  kept_VBN  their_APP$  names_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  motion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  paper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  that_PNQS is_VBZ  critical_JJ  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Macleod_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Hailsham_NP  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  counter-attacked_VBN  Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  with_IO  such_DA  bitterness_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  split_NN  that_PNQS worries_VBZ  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  to_TO  accuse_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  respected_JJ  tory_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  of_IO  hitting_VBG  below_IO  the_AT1  belt_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  very_RG  far_RR  .  
  do_VD0  not_XX  yield_VV0  .  
  labour_NN  will_VM  defend_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  against_IO  these_DD2  high-born_JJ  and_CC  influential_JJ  rebels_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  wholly_RR  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  policy_NN  nor_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  handled_VBN  things_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  in_RR  particular_RR  has_VHZ  given_VBN  the_AT1  impression_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  in_IO  Rhodesia_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  hoodwinked_VBN  and_CC  deceived_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  stand_VV0  firm_JJ  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  yield_VV0  an_AT1  inch_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  an_AT1  Algeria_NP  on_IO  its_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS we_PPIS2  will_VM  not_XX  exploit_VV0  this_DD1  deep_JJ  split_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  back_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  rebellion_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  ranks_NNS  .  
  gag_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  curtail_VV0  and_CC  guillotine_VV0  debate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  service_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  government_NN  must_VM  of_RR  course_RR  in_IO  proper_JJ  circumstances_NNS  use_VV0  the_AT1  means_NNS  necessary_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  its_APP$  business_NN  through_RP  .  
  but_CCB  are_VBR  the_AT1  present_JJ  circumstances_NNS  proper_JJ  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  government_NN  introduces_VBZ  highly_RR  controversial_JJ  legislation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  lose_VV0  parliamentary_JJ  time_NN  .  
  especially_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  mandate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  short_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  tax-measure_NN  that_PNQS ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  fully_RR  discussed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  used_VBN  the_AT1  guillotine_NN  out_RP  of_IO  fear_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  like_VV0  the_AT1  publicity_NN  that_PNQS labour's_NN1$  vigorous_JJ  opposition_NN  drew_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  never_RR  fear_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  find_VV0  plenty_NN  of_IO  ways_NNS  of_IO  making_VBG  our_APP$  bitter_JJ  opposition_NN  effective_JJ  .  
  Patrick_NP  Gordon_NP  Walker_NP  .  
  items_NNS  of_IO  news_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  give_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  trade_NN  is_VBZ  improving_VBG  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  employment_NN  position_NN  is_VBZ  better_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  news_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  welcome_JJ  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  car-building_JJ  towns_NNS  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  places_NNS  where_CS so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  component_NN  parts_NNS  are_VBR  manufactured_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  labour_NN  is_VBZ  reported_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  taking_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  initiative_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  industrial_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  by_IO  bringing_VBG  together_RR  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  both_DB2  management_NN  and_CC  workers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  forward_RR  constructive_JJ  ideas_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  push_VV0  further_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  the_AT1  dreaded_JJ  threat_NN  of_IO  unemployment_NN  .  
  housing_NN  progress_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  interesting_JJ  items_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  directions_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  industry_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  one_MC1  about_IO  housing_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  one_MC1  person_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  four_MC  will_VM  be_VB0  living_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  post-war_JB  house_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  nearly_RR  a_AT1  million_MC  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  re-housed_VBN  from_IO  slums_NNS  since_CS  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  drive_NN  started_VVD  in_IO  1956_MC  .  
  housing_NN  for_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  is_VBZ  being_VBG  increased_VBN  and_CC  now_RL  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  third_NN  of_IO  all_DB  local_JJ  government_NN  building_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  sphere_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  good_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  never_RR  before_II  has_VHZ  there_EX  been_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  big_JJ  programme_NN  of_IO  school_NN  building_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  training_NN  college_NN  places_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  doubled_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  extra_JJ  teachers_NNS  needed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  evil_NN  of_IO  oversize_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  advance_NN  in_IO  education_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  now_RL  twice_RR  as_RG  many_DA  university_NN  students_NNS  as_CS  in_IO  1938_MC  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  anticipated_VBN  that_CS  by_IO  1970_MC  the_AT1  number_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  more_RR  than_RR  trebled_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  angle_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  not_XX  always_RR  so_RG  well_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  at_IO  present_NN  over_IO  40,000_MC  overseas_JB  students_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  from_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  recently_RR  granted_VBN  independence_NN  .  
  Charles_NP  Dickens_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  is_VBZ  a_AT1  society_NN  where_CS the_AT1  individual_NN  matters_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  skin_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  nose_NN  .    
  so_PN1  wrote_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Julius_NP  Nyerere_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Tanganyika_NP  ,_,  in_IO  last_DA  Sunday's_NP1  observer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  echoes_VBZ  a_AT1  basic_JJ  liberal_JJ  belief_NN  .  
  like_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nyerere_NP  ,_,  liberals_NNS  want_VV0  a_AT1  non-racial_JJ  commonwealth_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  non-racial_JJ  Britain_NP  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  you_PPY  read_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  know_VV0  whether_CS  South_NP  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  or_CC  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  liberals_NNS  support_VV0  those_DD2  commonwealth_NN  statesmen_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  demanded_VBN  her_APP$  expulsion_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd's_PPIO2  fascist_JJ  police-state_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  if_CS  South_NP  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  remain_VV0  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  prestige_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  Asia_NP  will_VM  dwindle_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  after_IO  the_AT1  Suez_NP  escapade_NN  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  as_CS  having_VHG  won_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  victory_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  prevent_VV0  .  
  immigration_NN  .  
  some_DD  four-hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  Europeans_NP2    including_IO  Englishmen_NP2    carried_VVD  off_RP  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  into_IO  slavery_NN  ,_,  to_TO  work_VV0  the_AT1  plantations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Indies_NP2  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  descendants_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  slaves_NNS  have_VH0  multiplied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  tiny_JJ  islands_NNS  are_VBR  bursting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  seams_NNS  .  
  Jamaica_NP  has_VHZ  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  unemployment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  people_NNS  are_VBR  coming_VBG  to_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  is_VBZ  our_APP$  responsibility_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  the_AT1  following_JJ  comprehensive_JJ  plan_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB    immigration_NN  problem_NN      to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  extent_NN  simply_RR  a_AT1  housing_NN  problem_NN  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  .  )_)  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  illegal_JJ  to_TO  enforce_VV0  a_AT1  colour-bar_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  public_JJ  places_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  attempt_VV0  to_TO  persuade_VV0  Canada_NP  and_CC  Australia_NP  to_TO  open_VV0  their_APP$  doors_NNS  to_IO  West_NP  Indian_JJ  immigrants_NNS    and_CC  thus_RR  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  pressure_NN  on_IO  living_NN  space_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Indies_NP2  .  
  (_(  3_MC  .  )_)  
  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  medical_JJ  check_NN  on_IO  all_DB  immigrants_NNS  ;_;  criminals_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  all_DB  immigrants_NNS  should_VM  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  place_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  before_IO  landing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  voluntary_JJ  associations_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  British-Caribbean_JJ  association_NN  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  enlisted_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  accommodation_NN  for_IO  immigrants_NNS  .  
  (_(  4_MC  .  )_)  
  could_VM  not_XX  Smethwick_NP  council_NN  follow_VV0  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  Willesden_NP  by_IO  establishing_VBG  an_AT1  international_JJ  friendship_NN  council_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  racialism_NN  .    
  Michael_NP  Watts_NP  .  
  left_NN  ,_,  right_NN  &_CC  centre_NN  .  
  withdrawing_VBG  the_AT1  whip_NN    local_JJ  issues_NNS    liberal_JJ  advance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  grave_JJ  step_NN  last_DA  week_NN  of_IO  withdrawing_VBG  the_AT1  whip_NN  from_IO  five_MC  of_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ    withdrawing_VBG  the_AT1  whip_NN    mean_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  often_RR  thought_VBN  ,_,  expulsion_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  those_DD2  five_MC  members_NNS  remain_VV0  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  members_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  recognised_VBN  as_CS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  come_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  meetings_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  informed_VBN  of_IO  its_APP$  decisions_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  whip_NN  is_VBZ  withdrawn_VBN  ,_,  this_DD1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  reported_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_JJ  committee_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  local_JJ  parties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  concerned_VBN  can_VM  be_VB0  officially_RR  informed_VBN  .  
  why_CS .  
  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  action_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  these_DD2  five_MC  members_NNS  deliberately_RR  defied_VVD  a_AT1  decision_NN  taken_VBN  and_CC  three_MC  times_NNS  reaffirmed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  liberty_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN    much_DA  more_DA  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  labour_NN  group_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  council_NN  .  
  members_NNS  can_VM  ask_VV0  what_DDQ  questions_NNS  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  ,_,  speak_VV0  as_CS  they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  and_CC  they_PPHS2  can_VM  always_RR  abstain_VV0  from_IO  voting_NN  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  liberty_NN  enough_DD  for_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  tender_JJ  conscience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  line_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  drawn_VBN  at_IO  voting_VBG  against_IO  a_AT1  clear_JJ  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  meeting_NN  .  
  without_IO  this_DD1  rule_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  discipline_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ;_;  the_AT1  party_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mob_NN  .  
  every_AT1  labour_NN  group_NN  recognises_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  \0MPs_NNSB2  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  this_DD1  degree_NN  of_IO  discipline_NN  are_VBR  really_RR  independent_JJ  \0MPs_NNSB2  .  
  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whip_NN  makes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  this_DD1  in_IO  form_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  .  
  against_IO  estimates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  five_MC  can_VM  not_XX  justly_RR  claim_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  voting_VBG  in_IO  accord_NN  with_IO  conference_NN  decisions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  party_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  voted_VVD  solidly_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  white_JJ  paper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  five_MC  voted_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  estimates_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  clear_JJ  party_NN  policy_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  open_JJ  to_IO  public_JJ  misunderstanding_NN  .  
  the_AT1  five_MC  did_VDD  not_XX  vote_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  tories_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  voted_VVD  against_IO  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  army_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  .  
  no_AT1  conference_NN  decision_NN  ever_RR  justified_VVD  such_DA  action_NN  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  is_VBZ  fundamentally_RR  more_RRR  united_VBN  than_CS  before_II  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whip_NN  that_PNQS causes_VBZ  new_JJ  disunity_NN  :_:  but_CCB  the_AT1  deliberate_JJ  defiance_NN  by_IO  five_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  decisions_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  Patrick_NP  Gordon_NP  Walker_NP  .  
  among_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS like_VV0  talking_VBG  politics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  mainly_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  African_JJ  problems_NNS  these_DD2  last_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  interest_NN  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  turning_VBG  to_IO  local_JJ  issues_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  draws_VBZ  near_II  for_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  councillors_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  several_DA  levels_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  .  
  this_DD1  year_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  county_NN  council_NN  ,_,  urban_JJ  district_NN  ,_,  rural_JJ  district_NN  and_CC  parish_NN  council_NN  elections_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  those_DD2  for_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  boroughs_NNS    like_IO  Smethwick_NP    and_CC  the_AT1  non-county_JB  municipal_JJ  boroughs_NNS  .  
  interest_NN  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  increased_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  elections_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  elections_NNS  by_IO  councillors_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  aldermen_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  speaking_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  rally_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  put_VV0  first_RR  and_CC  foremost_RR  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  working_JJ  partnership_NN  between_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  each_DD1  side_NN  does_VBZ  its_APP$  proper_JJ  part_NN    .  
  co-operation_NN  .  
  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  properly_RR  and_CC  effectively_RR  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  aims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  real_JJ  working_JJ  arrangement_NN  at_IO  national_JJ  and_CC  local_JJ  levels_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  services_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  close_JJ  co-operation_NN  ;_;  whilst_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  can_VM  bring_VV0  forward_RR  legislation_NN  at_IO  parliamentary_JJ  level_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  such_DA  services_NNS  are_VBR  put_VBN  into_IO  operation_NN  depends_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  extent_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  local_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  equip_VV0  it_PPH1  better_RRR  to_TO  fulfil_VV0  its_APP$  growing_JJ  responsibilities_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  introduced_VVD  the_AT1  general_JJ  grant_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  strings_NNS  attached_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  financial_JJ  grants_NNS  has_VHZ  freed_VBN  local_JJ  councils_NNS  from_IO  much_DA  detailed_JJ  control_NN  from_IO  Whitehall_NP  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  councils_NNS  have_VH0  more_DA  responsibility_NN  and_CC  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  incentive_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  wisely_RR  the_AT1  money_NN  they_PPHS2  receive_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  rates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  taxpayers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  government_NN  grants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  grant_NN  takes_VBZ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  services_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  substantially_RR  increased_VBN  each_DD1  year_NN  since_IO  its_APP$  introduction_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  *+25_NNU  million_MC  higher_JJ  in_IO  1961-62_MC-MC  than_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  .  
  Charles_NP  Dickens_NP  .  
  liberals_NNS  made_VVD  another_DD1  spectacular_JJ  advance_NN  in_IO  last_DA  week's_NN1$  by-elections_NNS  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  four_MC  contests_NNS  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  vote_NN  rose_VVD  ,_,  while_CS  both_DB2  tory_JJ  and_CC  socialist_JJ  votes_NNS  slumped_VVD  badly_RR  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  compare_VV0  the_AT1  figures_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  by-elections_NNS  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  three-cornered_JJ  fights_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  liberal_JJ  vote_NN  was_VBDZ  up_RP  by_IO  13,601_MC  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  conservative_JJ  vote_NN  was_VBDZ  down_RP  by_IO  15,633_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  labour_NN  vote_NN  was_VBDZ  down_RP  by_IO  22,972_MC  .  
  the_AT1  swing_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  was_VBDZ  seven_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  Colchester_NP  ,_,  nine_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  at_IO  Cambridgeshire_NP  ,_,  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  at_IO  High_NP  Peak_NP  ,_,  and_CC  over_RR  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  at_IO  Worcester_NP  .  
  achievement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  achievement_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  remarkable_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  remembers_VBZ  the_AT1  disadvantages_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  candidates_NNS  worked_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  backed_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  voluntary_JJ  subscriptions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  tory_JJ  and_CC  labour_NN  parties_NNS  ,_,  draw_VV0  on_IO  subsidies_NNS  from_IO  big_JJ  business_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  big_JJ  trade_NN  unions_NNS  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  liberal_JJ  candidates_NNS  had_VHD  no_AT1  mass_NN  circulation_NN  newspapers_NNS  to_TO  support_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  by-election_NN  period_NN  the_AT1  mass_NN  circulation_NN  papers_NNS  enforced_VVD  a_AT1  censorship_NN  on_IO  all_DB  liberal_JJ  views_NNS  and_CC  speeches_NNS  .  
  when_CS Jo_NP  Grimond_NP  spoke_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  rally_NN  of_IO  over_RR  2,000_MC  liberals_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  guardian_NN  reported_VVD  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  chronicle_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  anti-Liberal_JJ  papers_NNS  suffered_VVD  from_IO  an_AT1  epidemic_NN  of_IO  fair-mindedness_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  new_JJ  readers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  daily_JJ  herald_NN  announced_VVD  itself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0    fair_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ    and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  daily_JJ  express_NN  printed_VVD  an_AT1  article_NN  by_IO  Jo_NP  Grimond_NP  .  
  those_DD2  days_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  tory_JJ  papers_NNS  have_VH0  returned_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  usual_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  reporting_VBG  only_RR  tory_JJ  views_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  labour_NN  papers_NNS  print_VV0  only_RR  labour_NN  views_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  left_VBN  to_IO  independent_JJ  papers_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  guardian_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  papers_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  .  
  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1    open_JJ    road_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    could_VM  not_XX  nuclear_JJ  disarmers_NNS  consult_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  to_TO  arrange_VV0    sit-downs_NNS    at_IO  teatime_NN  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  during_IO  autumn_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  legislation_NN  could_VM  fix_VV0  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  fines_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  finance_VV0  national_JJ  defence_NN  and_CC  provision_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  ambulances_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR    
    Bothways_NP  .    
  car_NN  rallies_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  your_APP$  last_DA  issue_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  letter_NN  in_IO  praise_NN  of_IO  courteous_JJ  and_CC  considerate_JJ  local_JJ  drivers_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  ever-increasing_JJ  noise_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  quite_RR  unnecessary_JJ  uproar_NN  is_VBZ  created_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  drivers_NNS  from_IO  afar_RR  who_PNQS take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  car_NN  rallies_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  through_IO  Fishpond_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  10th_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  check_NN  point_NN  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  from_IO  my_APP$  home_NN1  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  cars_NNS  stopped_VVD  there_RL  and_CC  then_RL  roared_VVD  up_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  opposite_II  (_(  Coney_NP  Castle_NNL1  )_)  in_IO  low_JJ  gear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  noise_NN  was_VBDZ  shattering_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  even_RR  smell_VV0  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  fumes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  went_VVD  on_RP  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  those_DD2  who_PNQS manned_VVD  the_AT1  check_NN  point_NN  arrived_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  flourish_NN  well_RR  in_IO  advance_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ascertained_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Reading_NP  car_NN  club_NN  ,_,  so_CS  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  people_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  route_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  their_APP$  night's_NN1$  rest_NN  destroyed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  all_DB  seems_VBZ  so_RG  unnecessary_JJ  .  
  rally_NN  promoters_NNS  favour_VV0  this_DD1  route_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  several_DA  each_DD1  year_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  other_DA  places_NNS  get_VV0  their_APP$  share_NN  .    
  Sheila_NP  Redmond_NP  (_(  \0Mrs_NNSB1  )_)  ,_,  Peters_NP  Gore_NP  ,_,  Fishpond_NP  ,_,  Charmouth_NP  .  
  paddle_NN  steamers_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  this_DD1  age_NN  of_IO  rapid_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  transport_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  heartening_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  but_CCB  determined_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  historically-minded_JB  citizens_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  striving_VBG  to_TO  preserve_VV0  representative_JJ  specimens_NNS  of_IO  older_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  vehicle_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  veteran_NN  motor-cars_NNS  ,_,  early_JJ  buses_NNS  and_CC  trams_NNS  ,_,  notable_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  engine_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ,_,  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  solid_JJ  achievements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  entirely_RR  forgotten_VBN  .  
  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  paddle_NN  steamer_NN  preservation_NN  society_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  in_IO  running_JJ  order_NN  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  once_RR  so_RG  familiar_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  rapidly_RR  disappearing_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  seaside_NN  towns_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  faithful_JJ  old_JJ  paddle-steamer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paddle_NN  steamer_NN  preservation_NN  society_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Lansdowne_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Lansdowne_NP  ,_,  Bournemouth_NP  ,_,  at_IO  6_MC  \0p.m_RR  ,_,  on_IO  30th_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  Wessex_NP  branch_NN  and_CC  all_DB  supporters_NNS  of_IO  paddle_NN  steamers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  welcome_JJ  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  society_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  active_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  coast_NN  since_IO  its_APP$  formation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  central_JJ  committee_NN  feel_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  local_JJ  branch_NN  would_VM  serve_VV0  more_RG  closely_RR  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  .    
  \0J_NP  \0D_NP  Bonsall_NP  ,_,  provisional_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  Wessex_NP  branch_NN  ,_,  \0P.S.P.S_NP  ,_,  Loughrigg_NP  ,_,  31_MC  ,_,  Cowper_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  Moordown_NP  ,_,  Bournemouth_NP  .  
  squirrels_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    in_IO  your_APP$  columns_NNS  a_AT1  Wiltshire_NP  farmer_NN  complained_VVD  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  people_NNS  at_IO  Southbourne_NP  feeding_VBG  squirrels_NNS  .  
  last_DA  week_NN    a_AT1  resident_NN  of_IO  Mere_NP    was_VBDZ  moaning_VBG  because_CS  a_AT1  squirrel_NN  had_VHD  dared_VBN  to_TO  eat_VV0  nuts_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  garden_NN  .  
  both_DB2  correspondents_NNS  called_VVD  the_AT1  squirrels_NNS  pests_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  man_NN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  H-bombs_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .  
  did_VDD  the_AT1  Wiltshire_NP  farmer_NN  expect_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  used_VBN  for_IO  purchasing_VBG  nuts_NNS  for_IO  squirrels_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  handed_VBN  instead_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  fund_NN  for_IO  distressed_JJ  farmers_NNS  .  
  did_VDD  the_AT1  Wiltshire_NP  resident_NN  from_IO  Mere_NP  expect_VV0  the_AT1  squirrel_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  off_IO  nuts_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  natural_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  eggs_NNS  and_CC  bacon_NN  instead_RR  .  
  again_RR  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  asked_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  columns_NNS  how_CS many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  grey_JJ  squirrels'_NN2  sins_NNS  are_VBR  real_JJ  and_CC  how_CS many_DA  are_VBR  purely_RR  imaginary_JJ  .  
  apparently_RR  nobody_PN1  knows_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  damaged_JJ  trees_NNS  in_IO  Grovely_NP  woods_NNS  and_CC  scream_VV0  
    look_VV0  !_!  
  grey_JJ  squirrels_NNS  did_VDD  that_DD1  .    
  the_AT1  lordly_JJ  pheasant_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  more_DA  damage_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  winter's_NN1$  night_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  squirrels_NNS  can_VM  in_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  .    
  Orlando_NP  Glyn_NP  ,_,  Heneford_NP  Cottage_NNL1  ,_,  Chetnole_NP  ,_,  Sherborne_NP  ,_,  Dorset_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  read_VBN  with_IO  much_DA  interest_NN  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Moule's_PPIO2  letter_NN  about_IO  squirrels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Sherborne_NP  area_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  many_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  seen_VBN  squirrels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  woods_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  always_RR  been_VBN  grey_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  summer_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  red_JJ  squirrel_NN  frequenting_VBG  the_AT1  slopes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  Road_NNL1  .  
  once_RR  I_PPIS1  surprised_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  litter_NN  basket_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  disconcerted_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  perched_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  lip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  regarded_VVD  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  on_IO  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  equal_JJ  terms_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  about_RR  two_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  on_IO  occasions_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  camera_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  investigating_VBG  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Moule's_PPIO2  garden_NN  .    
  \0H_NP  Martyn_NP  Cundy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  beeches_NNS  ,_,  Sherborne_NP  .  
  how_CS to_TO  make_VV0  friends_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    as_IO  a_AT1  recently-retired_JB  member_NN  of_IO  \0H.M_NP  overseas_JB  civil_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  recently_RR  settled_VBN  in_IO  Dorset_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  experience_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  helpful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  settling_VBG  ,_,  on_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  from_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  from_IO  overseas_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Bournemouth_NP  ,_,  Poole_NP  and_CC  Dorset_NP  area_NN  .  
  shortly_RR  after_IO  our_APP$  arrival_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  told_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  lecture_NN  course_NN  ,_,  run_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  auspices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  educational_JJ  association_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  joint_JB  committee_NN  for_IO  adult_JJ  education_NN  for_IO  Dorset_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  to_IO  our_APP$  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  were_VBDR  conducted_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  friendly_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  informal_JJ  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  very_RG  good_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  as_CS  these_DD2  interesting_JJ  and_CC  instructive_JJ  lecture_NN  courses_NNS  are_VBR  about_RP  to_TO  start_VV0  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  urge_VV0  those_DD2  newcomers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  course_NN  and_CC  to_TO  enrol_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  find_VV0  immense_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  also_RR  make_VV0  friends_NNS  with_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  interests_NNS  and_CC  outlook_NN  as_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  these_DD2  evening_NN  courses_NNS  are_VBR  held_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  main_JB  centres_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  towns_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  hope_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  happy_JJ  experience_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  some_DD  help_NN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  loneliness_NN  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  move_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  area_NN  .    
  \0P_NP  \0H_NP  Hamilton_NP  Bayly_NP  ,_,  Masanki_NP  Cottage_NNL1  ,_,  25_MC  ,_,  Tanyard_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  Shaftesbury_NP  ,_,  Dorset_NP  .  
  teachers'_NN2  salaries_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  some_DD  commotion_NN    ballyhoo_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  modern_JJ  word_NN    about_IO    teachers_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  pay_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  desired_VBN  that_CS  teachers_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  pledged_VBN  to_IO  poverty_NN  .  
  nor_CC  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  expected_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  their_APP$  work_NN  so_RG  whole-heartedly_RR  as_CS  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  meagre_JJ  material_JJ  reward_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  affluent_JJ  age_NN  is_VBZ  covetousness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  teachers_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  unmindful_JJ  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  religion_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  cross_NN  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  the_AT1  letter_NN  I_PPIS1  with_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  through_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  means_VBZ  sinking_VBG  self_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  cause_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  teachers_NNS  today_NN1  are_VBR  not_XX  really_RR  badly_RR  paid_VBN  :_:  far_RR  better_RRR  than_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  as_IO  a_AT1  parish_NN  priest_NN  .  
  only_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  last_DA  year_NN  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  both_DB2  ends_NNS  meet_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  benefice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  did_VDD  not_XX  allow_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  three_MC  months'_NN2  holiday_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  clergy_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  rebel_VV0  by_IO  going_VBG  on_IO  strike_NN  .  
  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  clerical_JJ  trades_NNS  union_NN  as_CS  was_VBDZ  recently_RR  done_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  junior_JJ  cleric_NN  ,_,  seemed_VVD  offensively_RR  mercenary_JJ  minded_JJ  .  
  as_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  spent_VBN  many_DA  hours_NNS  teaching_VBG  in_IO  elementary_JJ  schools_NNS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  jealous_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  teachers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Church_NNL1  day_NN  school_NN  teachers_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  not_XX  be_VB0  afraid_JJ  to_TO  endure_VV0  hardness_NN  ,_,  if_CS  such_DA  exists_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  show_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  .  
  education_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  profession_NN  ,_,  like_IO  other_DA  professions_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  fluctuated_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS teachers_NNS  were_VBDR  shockingly_RR  underpaid_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  fairly_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  Fisher_NP  act_NN  of_IO  1918_MC  decisively_RR  raised_VVD  their_APP$  status_NN  and_CC  pay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  on_RP  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  Fisher_NP  act_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  standstill_NN  reform_NN  .  
  in_IO  1944_MC  came_VVD  the_AT1  Butler_NP  act_NN  .  
  let_VV0  teachers_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  diligent_JJ  devotion_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  retain_VV0  public_JJ  respect_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dutiful_JJ  teacher_NN  puts_VBZ  his_APP$  back_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  hard_JJ  and_CC  unbending_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  diligent_JJ  teacher_NN  puts_VBZ  his_APP$  heart_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  loves_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  how_CS I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  teachers_NNS  today_NN1  doing_VBG  their_APP$  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  more_DA  than_IO  50_MC  years'_NN2  experience_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  give_VV0  not_XX  a_DA  few_DA  signal_JJ  instances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  .    
  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  Barton_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  David_NP  ,_,  Somerset_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  note_VV0  with_IO  annoyance_NN  the_AT1  sentence_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  last_DA  issue_NN  ,_,  
    increasingly_RR  ,_,  arts_NNS  graduates_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  taken_VBN  on_RP  as_IO  teachers_NNS  without_IO  having_VHG  any_DD  training_NN  .    
  most_DA  people_NNS  realize_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  graduate_NN  has_VHZ  ,_,  ipso_RR  facto_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  best_JJT  training_NN  that_PNQS a_AT1  teacher_NN  can_VM  have_VH0  .  
  graduates_NNS  who_PNQS intend_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  system_NN  have_VH0  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  interests_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  conform_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  the_AT1  additional_JJ  one-year_JB  course_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  this_DD1  course_NN  that_CS  your_APP$  correspondent_NN  refers_VBZ  ,_,  presumably_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  graduates_NNS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  who_PNQS have_VH0  taken_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  for_IO  teaching_NN  purposes_NNS  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  additional_JJ    training_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  prospective_JJ  teacher_NN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  \0e.g_RR  child_NN  psychology_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  good_JJ  luck_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  read_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  on_IO  each_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  months_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  between_IO  going_VBG  down_RP  from_IO  university_NN  in_IO  June_NN1  and_CC  taking_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  first_MD  post_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  fatuous_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  teacher_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  keen_JJ  to_TO  start_VV0  should_VM  be_VB0  forced_VBN  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  whole_JJ  year_NN  on_IO  such_DA  unhelpful_JJ  matters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  teaching_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  job_NN  which_DDQ  requires_VBZ  post-graduate_JB  training_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  combated_VBN  at_IO  every_AT1  turn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  good_JJ  teaching_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  knowledge_NN  of_IO  one's_$  subject_NN  ,_,  experience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  certain_JJ  personal_JJ  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  this_DD1    training_NN    does_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  develop_VV0  .  
  most_DA  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  one-year_JB  courses_NNS    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  useful_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  them_PPHO1    provide_VV0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  practice_NN  teaching_NN  :_:  why_CS should_VM  the_AT1  new_JJ  graduate_NN  not_XX  spend_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  year_NN  articled_VBN  to_IO  good_JJ  teachers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  .    
  \0R_NP  \0G_NP  Penman_NP  ,_,  Silversmiths_NP  ,_,  Sherborne_NP  .  
  civil_JJ  defence_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    you_PPY  describe_VV0  civil_JJ  defence_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  mitigating_VBG  the_AT1  frightful_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  disaster_NN  ,_,  while_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  you_PPY  speak_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  actions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    nuclear_JJ  disarmers_NNS    as_IO  an_AT1    embarrassment_NN  .    
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  cosy_JJ  thought_NN  !_!  
  perhaps_RR  your_APP$  readers_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  forgotten_VBN  these_DD2  statements_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  megaton_NN  bombs_NNS  would_VM  obliterate_VV0  the_AT1  major_JJ  population_NN  centres_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ;_;  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  the_AT1  whole_JJ  country_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  subject_JJ  to_IO    fall-out_NN    radiation_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  intensity_NN  ;_;  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  radiation_NN  sickness_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  unpleasant_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  dying_VBG  ;_;  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  the_AT1  long-term_JB  effects_NNS  of_IO  radiation_NN  are_VBR  extensive_JJ  and_CC  unavoidable_JJ  ;_;  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  Russian_JJ  tests_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  next_DA  spring_NN  the_AT1  radiation_NN  level_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  100_MC  times_NNS  that_DD1  of_IO  natural_JJ  background_NN  radiation_NN  ,_,  if_CS  no_AT1  further_JB  bombs_NNS  are_VBR  exploded_VBN  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  commend_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  readers_NNS  a_AT1  short_JJ  article_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  100-megaton_JB  bomb_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ    new_JJ  scientist_NN  .    
  civil_JJ  defence_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  creates_VBZ  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  security_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  worst_JJT  might_VM  never_RR  happen_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  my_APP$  view_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  employed_VBN  in_IO  embarrassing_VBG  the_AT1  government_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  .  
  given_VBN  four_MC  minutes'_NN2  warning_NN  from_IO  Fylingdales_NP  ,_,  which_WDTI  of_IO  your_APP$  readers_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  press_VV0  the_AT1  button_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  send_VV0  100_MC  million_MC  innocent_JJ  people_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  deaths_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  our_APP$  trouble_NN  .  
  either_LE  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  lost_VBN  all_DB  moral_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  or_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  developed_VBN  a_AT1  technique_NN  of_IO  double-think_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  1984_MC  ,_,  or_CC  we_PPIS2  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  understand_VV0  the_AT1  issues_NNS  .    
  \0F_NP  Hodgson_NP  ,_,  Brendon_NP  ,_,  Common_NP  Mead_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  Gillingham_NP  ,_,  Dorset_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  money_NN    .  
  Sir_NNSB1  ,_,    to_TO  reply_VV0  point_NN  by_IO  point_NN  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Dungworth's_PPIO2  letter_NN  would_VM  take_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  space_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  offer_VV0  some_DD  comments_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  helpful_JJ  .  
  some_DD  newspapers_NNS  print_VV0  quite_RR  lengthy_JJ  reports_NNS  of_IO  proceedings_NNS  in_IO  parliament_NN  and_CC  documents_NNS  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  stationery_NN  office_NN  give_VV0  further_JB  details_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  local_JJ  councils_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  a_AT1  ratepayer_NN  can_VM  inspect_VV0  a_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  on_IO  demand_NN  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  available_JJ  and_CC  then_RL  grumble_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  told_VBN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Parkinson_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  ignore_VV0  one_MC1  rather_RR  important_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  during_IO  and_CC  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  much_DA  work_NN  on_IO  capital_NN  projects_NNS  (_(  roads_NNS  ,_,  hospitals_NNS  ,_,  houses_NNS  ,_,  sewers_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  severely_RR  curtailed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  consequence_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  leeway_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  now_RL  .  
  television_NN  .  
  life_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Nightingale_NP  .  
  skilful_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0BBC's_PPIO2  dramatised_JJ  documentary_NN  on_IO  Florence_NP  Nightingale_NP  last_DA  night_NN  cleverly_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  suggest_VV0  the_AT1  person_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  legend_NN  .  
  while_CS  never_RR  minimising_VBG  the_AT1  immensity_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  saintly_JJ  halo_NN  which_DDQ  usually_RR  surrounds_VBZ  her_APP$  name_NN  to_TO  reveal_VV0  a_AT1  warm_JJ  ,_,  dedicated_JJ  person_NN  who_PNQS accomplished_VVD  most_DA  by_IO  perseverance_NN  and_CC  hard_JJ  work_NN  .  
  most_DA  stories_NNS  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Nightingale_NP  begin_VV0  and_CC  end_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Crimea_NP  .  
  this_DD1  one_MC1  started_VVD  from_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  and_CC  devoted_VVD  itself_PPX1  to_IO  her_APP$  lifelong_JJ  campaign_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  nursing_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  documentary_NN  managed_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  obstacles_NNS  and_CC  her_APP$  devotion_NN  .  
  Moira_NP  Fraser's_PPIO2  Miss_NNSB1  Nightingale_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  sincere_JJ  .  
  demure_JJ  one_MC1  moment_NN  ,_,  hard_JJ  and_CC  decisive_JJ  the_AT1  next_DA  ,_,  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  the_AT1  dual_JJ  sides_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  complex_JJ  character_NN  .  
  the_AT1  production_NN  by_IO  Bill_NP  Duncalf_NP  compressed_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  and_CC  sometimes_RR  rambling_JJ  story_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  concentrated_JJ  comprehensive_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  work_NN  .  
  \0P_NP  \0J_NP  \0K_NP  .  
  fine_JJ  singing_NN  in_IO  Henze_NP  opera_NN  .  
  Glyndebourne_NP    contemporary_JJ    .  
  from_IO  Martin_NP  Cooper_NP  .  
  Glyndebourne_NP  ,_,  Thursday_NN1  .  
  Hans_NP  Werner_NP  Henze's_PPIO2    elegy_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  lovers_NNS    is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  unambiguously_RR    contemporary_JJ    work_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Glyndebourne_NP  canon_NN  .  
  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  a_AT1  masterpiece_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  many_DA  respects_NNS  a_AT1  representative_JJ  modern_JJ  work_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  composer_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  highly_RR  skilled_JJ  manipulator_NN  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  idioms_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  situation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  libretto_NN  ,_,  by_IO  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Auden_NP  and_CC  Chester_NP  Kallman_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  largely_RR  a_AT1  satire_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  petty_JJ  court_NN  surrounding_VBG  an_AT1  ageing_JJ  poet_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  deeply_RR  egocentric_JJ  character_NN  leads_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_TO  sacrifice_VV0  everything_PN1  to_IO  his_APP$  need_NN  of_IO  inspiration_NN  .  
  Henze_NP  obtains_VBZ  his_APP$  musical_JJ  characterisation_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  individual_JJ  instrumental_JJ  timbres_NNS  and_CC    personal_JJ    intervals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  less_DA  delineation_NN  of_IO  character_NN  than_IO  caricature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  chief_JB  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  successfully_RR  executed_VBN  trait_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  libretto_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  contains_VBZ  an_AT1  odd_JJ  blend_NN  of_IO  highly_RR  poetic_JJ  phraseology_NN  and_CC  schoolboy_NN  humour_NN  .  
  melody_NN  lacking_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  composer_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  happy_JJ  gift_NN  for_IO  musical_JJ  dialogue_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  grotesque_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  less_RG  successful_JJ  in_IO  extended_JJ  arioso_JJ  passages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  serious_JJ  scenes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  opera_NN  were_VBDR  in_IO  fact_NN  often_RR  uninteresting_JJ  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  memorable_JJ  melodic_JJ  invention_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  exception_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  moment_NN  of_IO  self-revelation_NN  in_IO  act_NN  2_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  excellently_RR  sung_VBN  by_IO  Carlos_NP  Alexander_NP  .  
  the_AT1  lovers_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  chief_JB  scene_NN  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  comparatively_RR  little_DA  to_TO  sing_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  Elisabeth_NP  So"derstro"m_NP  gave_VVD  an_AT1  exquisitely_RR  touching_JJ  performance_NN  and_CC  Andre*?2_NP  Turp's_PPIO2  ringing_JJ  voice_NN  contrasted_VVD  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  character-singing_NN  demanded_VBN  of_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  every_AT1  case_NN  excellent_JJ  .  
  Dorothy_NP  Dorow's_PPIO2  visionary_JJ  old_JJ  madwoman_NN  had_VHD  considerable_JJ  musical_JJ  pathos_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Kerstin_NP  Meyer_NP  struck_VVD  exactly_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  note_NN  of_IO  hysterical_JJ  devotion_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  spinster_NN  secretary_NN  .  
  too_RG  enthusiastically_RR  .  
  Thomas_NP  Hemsley's_PPIO2  performance_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  private_JJ  doctor_NN  was_VBDZ  dramatically_RR  shrewd_JJ  and_CC  musically_RR  well_RR  conceived_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  philharmonic_JJ  orchestra_NN  under_IO  John_NP  Pritchard_NP  handled_VVD  Henze's_PPIO2  chamber_NN  music_NN  style_NN  rather_RR  too_RG  enthusiastically_RR  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  singer's_NN1$  words_NNS  were_VBDR  largely_RR  obscured_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  composer's_NN1$  very_RG  free_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  percussion_NN  made_VVD  this_DD1  a_AT1  difficulty_NN  throughout_II  .  
  Gu"nther_NP  Rennert's_PPIO2  imaginative_JJ  production_NN  cleverly_RR  conveyed_VVD  the_AT1  crazy_JJ  ,_,  precarious_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  alpine_JJ  inn_NN  inhabited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  court_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  lighting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  scenes_NNS  suggested_VVD  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  isolation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  finds_VBZ  himself_PPX1  .  
  a_AT1  fastidious_JJ  composer_NN  .  
    journal_NN    debut_NN  at_IO  Cheltenham_NP  .  
  from_IO  Donald_NP  Mitchell_NP  .  
  Cheltenham_NP  ,_,  Thursday_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  that_CS  Richard_NP  Rodney_NP  Bennett_NP  composed_VVD  a_AT1    calendar_NN    for_IO  chamber_NN  ensemble_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  a_AT1    journal_NN    for_IO  orchestra_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  its_APP$  first_MD  performance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Town_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  Cheltenham_NP  ,_,  to-night_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  symphony_NN  orchestra_NN  conducted_VBN  by_IO  Norman_NP  Del_NP  Mar_NP  .  
  this_DD1  new_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  cast_VBN  in_IO  five_MC  short_JJ  sections_NNS  ,_,  confirms_VBZ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bennett_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  musical_JJ  of_IO  our_APP$  younger_JJ  composers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  ,_,  one_MC1  might_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  extremely_RR  musical_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  sound_NN  is_VBZ  fastidiously_RR  calculated_VBN  and_CC  yet_RR  agreeably_RR  spontaneous_JJ  and_CC  imaginative_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  this_DD1    journal_NN    write_VV0  one_MC1  note_NN  too_RG  many_DA  .  
  one_MC1  wonders_VBZ  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  written_VBN  too_RG  few_DA  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  to_TO  state_VV0  one's_$  doubt_NN  more_RG  plainly_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  wonders_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  invention_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_RR  little_RR  wanting_JJ  in_IO  substance_NN  .  
  slender_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  brief_JJ  ideas_NNS  are_VBR  welcome_JJ  indeed_RGA  if_CS  they_PPHS2  compress_VV0  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  struck_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bennett's_PPIO2  ideas_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  piece_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  succinct_JJ  as_CS  slender_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  seemed_VVD  somewhat_RR  pale_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  criticism_NN  that_PNQS certainly_RR  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  Berg's_PPIO2  very_RG  rarely_RR  heard_VBN  three_MC  orchestral_JJ  pieces_NNS  ,_,  \0Op_NN  6_MC  each_DD1  bar_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  derivative_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  impregnated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  composer's_NN1$  personality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cruel_JJ  acoustics_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  played_VVD  havoc_NN  with_IO  textures_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  unusually_RR  hectic_JJ  and_CC  congested_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Del_NP  Mar's_PPIO2  heroic_JJ  labours_NNS  conveyed_VVD  a_AT1  clear_JJ  impression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  catastrophes_NNS  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  work's_NN1$  natural_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  undeniably_RR  something_PN1  grand_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  Berg_NP  throws_VBZ  so_RG  many_DA  broken_JJ  eggs_NNS  into_IO  one_MC1  basket_NN  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  relaxation_NN  of_IO  tension_NN  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  secured_VBN  a_AT1  more_RG  balanced_JJ  and_CC  varied_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  Anglo-Chinese_JJ  picaresque_NN  .  
  by_IO  Rolla_NP  Rouse_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  bigamy_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Winterlea_NP  :_:  a_AT1  Manchu-Edwardian_JJ  fantasy_NN  .  translated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_NN1  by_IO  Henry_NP  McAleavy_NP  .  (_(  Allen_NP  &_CC  Unwin_NP  .  21_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  bigamy_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Winterlea_NP  ,_,    explains_VBZ  Henry_NP  McAleavy_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  single-sheet_JB    mosquito-newspapers_NNS  ,_,    full_JJ  of_IO    an_AT1  assortment_NN  of_IO  anecdotes_NNS  ,_,  topical_JJ  items_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  serial_JJ  stories_NNS  ,_,    started_VBN  in_IO  about_RR  1870_MC  by_IO  Wang_NP  T'ao_NP  ,_,  assistant_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  sinologue_NN  \0Dr_NNSB1  Legge_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  McAleavy's_PPIO2  version_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    Manchu-Edwardian_JJ  fantasy_NN    is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  so_RG  free_JJ  that_CS  to_IO  anybody_PN1  who_PNQS knows_VBZ  China_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  nothing_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  Chinese_JJ  flavour_NN  remains_VBZ  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  various_JJ  characters_NNS  say_VV0  and_CC  do_VD0  often_RR  seems_VBZ  utterly_RR  alien_JJ  to_IO  China_NP  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  shown_VBN  a_AT1  Chinese_JJ  host_NN  placing_VBG  his_APP$  principal_JB  guest_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  seat_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  accusing_VBG  him_PPHO1  of_IO  being_VBG  homosexual_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  generally_RR  behaving_VBG  as_CS  no_AT1  educated_JJ  Chinese_NN1  ever_RR  could_VM  behave_VV0  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  ,_,  whether_CS  drunk_JJ  or_CC  sober_JJ  ,_,  never_RR  kiss_VV0  in_IO  public_NN  ,_,  and_CC  least_RBT  of_IO  all_DB  would_VM  a_AT1  Chinese_JJ  monk_NN  meeting_VBG  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  kiss_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  period_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  tale_NN  runs_VBZ  from_IO  about_RR  1850_MC  to_IO  1913_MC  :_:  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  characters_NNS  have_VH0  one_MC1  thing_NN  in_IO  common_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  coarse_JJ  behaviour_NN  and_CC  abnormal_JJ  appetites_NNS  .  
  while_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  story_NN  meandering_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  object_NN  of_IO  many_DA  chapters_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  record_VV0  some_DD  improbable_JJ  and_CC  unpleasant_JJ  anecdote_NN  .  
  amahs_&FW  into_IO  ladies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hero_NN  ,_,  if_CS  such_DA  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Winterlea_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  ,_,  tries_VBZ  to_TO  turn_VV0  two_MC  Cantonese_JJ  sisters_NNS  from_IO  amahs_&FW  into_IO  ladies_NNS  and_CC  teach_VV0  them_PPHO1  English_NN1  :_:  and_CC  they_PPHS2  on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  plan_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  him_PPHO1  jointly_RR  and_CC  finally_RR  to_TO  reside_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  unfashionable_JJ  Kowloon_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  snobbish_JJ  Hongkong_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1    would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  .    
  the_AT1  main_JB  incidents_NNS  occur_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  estate_NN  near_IO  London_NP  ,_,  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  legation_NN  and_CC  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  ,_,  Chinese_JJ  and_CC  foreign_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  amuse_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  mainly_RR  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  Byron's_PPIO2  vexed_JJ  repute_NN  .  
  by_IO  Margaret_NP  Lane_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  late_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  Byron_NP  .  by_IO  Doris_NP  Langley_NP  Moore_NP  .  (_(  Murray_NP  .  2_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  never_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  greater_JJ  coil_NN  been_VBN  made_VBN  about_IO  any_DD  man_NN  than_CS  about_IO  Byron_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  sowed_VVD  passions_NNS  ,_,  jealousies_NNS  ,_,  loyalties_NNS  ,_,  scandals_NNS  ,_,  animosities_NNS  and_CC  treacheries_NNS  as_RG  effortlessly_RR  as_CS  some_DD  far_RR  worthier_JJ  characters_NNS  scatter_VV0  boredom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tumult_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  being_VBG  a_AT1  biographical_JJ  age_NN  and_CC  Byron_NP  a_AT1  magnificent_JJ  documenter_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  life_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  the_AT1  stage_NN  (_(  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  any_DD  other_DA  great_JJ  literary_JJ  figure_NN  doing_VBG  so_PN1  )_)  when_CS a_AT1  monumental_JJ  work_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  dramas_NNS  that_PNQS seethed_VVD  and_CC  simmered_VVD  after_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  reader_NN  is_VBZ  accustomed_VBN  to_TO  close_VV0  a_AT1  poet's_NN1$  biography_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  really_RR  worth_IO  while_NN    one_MC1  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR    to_TO  devote_VV0  years_NNS  of_IO  research_NN  and_CC  over_IO  500_MC  closely_RR  printed_VBN  pages_NNS  to_IO  disentangling_VBG  the_AT1  labyrinthine_JJ  quarrels_NNS  ,_,  blackmails_NNS  ,_,  machinations_NNS  and_CC  correspondences_NNS  which_DDQ  raged_VVD  for_IO  so_RG  many_DA  years_NNS  over_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  grave_NN  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  one_MC1  condition_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ;_;  the_AT1  condition_NN  being_VBG  that_CS  one_MC1  should_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  appetite_NN  for_IO  detail_NN  and_CC  for_IO  knowing_VBG  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  possible_JJ  about_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  dynamic_JJ  geniuses_NNS  who_PNQS ever_RR  lived_VVD  .  
  leisured_JJ  mischief-makers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  evil_JJ  that_CS  Byron_NP  did_VDD  certainly_RR  lived_VVD  after_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  even_RR  outmatched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  mischief_NN  perpetrated_VBN  by_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  close_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  turning_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  bones_NNS  Doris_NP  Langley_NP  Moore_NP  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  light_NN  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  discreditable_JJ  behaviour_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  mischief-making_JJ  propensities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  leisured_JJ  classes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  19th_MD  century_NN  which_DDQ  leaves_VBZ  one_MC1  a_RR  little_RR  breathless_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  previous_JJ  Byron_NP  biographer_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  fancy_VV0  (_(  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  many_DA  )_)  has_VHZ  had_VHN  access_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  to_IO  so_RG  many_DA  important_JJ  manuscript_NN  sources_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  late_JJ  Lady_NNSB1  Wentworth_NP  ,_,  Byron's_PPIO2  great-granddaughter_NN  ,_,  opened_VVD  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lovelace_NP  papers_NNS  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Moore_NP  in_IO  1957_MC  ;_;  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  her_APP$  work_NN  on_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  after_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Wentworth's_PPIO2  death_NN  .  
  these_DD2  papers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  several_DA  trunks_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  accumulated_JJ  letters_NNS  and_CC  personal_JJ  documents_NNS  left_VBN  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS never_RR  recovered_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  brief_JJ  marriage_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  poet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dedicated_VVD  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  (_(  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  23_MC  when_CS they_PPHS2  parted_VVD  )_)  to_IO  self-justification_NN  and_CC  resentment_NN  .  
  would_VM  that_CS  Byron's_PPIO2  memoirs_NNS  had_VHD  also_RR  survived_VBN  !_!  
  how_CS the_AT1  ghost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  John_NP  Murray_NP  must_VM  moan_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  Albemarle_NP  Street_NNL1  vaults_NNS  to_TO  think_VV0  how_CS self-righteously_RR  ,_,  urged_VBN  and_CC  abetted_VBN  by_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  lifelong_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Cam_NP  Hobhouse_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  burned_VVD  them_PPHO1  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  ,_,  condemning_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  unread_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  Tom_NP  Moore_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  without_IO  opening_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  pest_NN  bag_NN  !_!    
  Byron's_PPIO2  marriage_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  (_(  real_JJ  enough_RGA  though_CS  embroidered_VBN  later_RRR  )_)  for_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Byron's_PPIO2  leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  scandal_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  love_NN  affair_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  half-sister_NN  ,_,  Augusta_NP  Leigh_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paternity_NN  of_IO  Medora_NP  Leigh_NP  her_APP$  daughter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  inquisitorial_JJ  persecution_NN  of_IO  Augusta_NP  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  (_(  who_PNQS seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  as_RG  neurotic_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  ghoulish_JJ  novelist_NN  could_VM  wish_VV0  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  patient_JJ  ferreting_NN  for_IO  evidence_NN  to_TO  add_VV0  homosexuality_NN  to_IO  incest_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  extra_JJ  nail_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  coffin_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  unspeakable_JJ  treacheries_NNS  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Caroline_NP  Lamb_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  scarcely_RR  less_RG  heinous_JJ  treacheries_NNS  of_IO  Augusta_NP    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Lovelace_NP  papers_NNS  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  that_PNQS deserve_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  a_AT1    pest_NN  bag_NN    ,_,  not_XX  Byron's_PPIO2  consumed_JJ  memoirs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  at_RR  least_RR  would_VM  have_VH0  possessed_VBN  the_AT1  merit_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  well_RR  and_CC  entertainingly_RR  written_VBN  .  
  equally_RR  important_JJ  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  Hobhouse_NP  journals_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  vast_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  material_NN  partly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  partly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  possession_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hobhouse_NP  family_NN  in_IO  Somerset_NP  .  
  Hobhouse_NP  ,_,  later_RRR  Lord_NNSB1  Broughton_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Byron's_PPIO2  intimate_NN  (_(  if_CS  a_RR  little_RR  stuffy_JJ  and_CC  unimaginative_JJ  )_)  friend_NN  from_IO  their_APP$  Cambridge_NP  days_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  travelled_VBN  widely_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  been_VBN  fascinated_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  that_PNQS looks_VBZ  like_IO  love_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  fanned_VBN  the_AT1  enthusiasm_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  sent_VBN  Byron_NP  finally_RR  to_IO  Greece_NP  ,_,  and_CC  suffered_VBN  years_NNS  of_IO  loyal_JJ  exasperation_NN  as_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  executor_NN  .  
  sturdy_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  Byron_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  at_IO  his_APP$  best_JJT  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  such_DA  sturdy_JJ  male_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  worst_JJT  in_IO  women_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  certainly_RR  brought_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  in_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  scarcely_RR  a_AT1  woman_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  besides_IO  Teresa_NP  Guiccioli_NP  ,_,  last_DA  and_CC  most_RG  reasonable_JJ  love_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  affect_VV0  the_AT1  modern_JJ  reader_NN  with_IO  nausea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  Guiccioli_NP  was_VBDZ  by_IO  birth_NN  a_AT1  Gamba_NP  ;_;  her_APP$  brother_NN  Pietro_NP  accompanied_VVD  Byron_NP  to_IO  Greece_NP  ,_,  shared_VVD  the_AT1  misery_NN  and_CC  ruinous_JJ  frustrations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  died_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  Gamba_NP  papers_NNS  in_IO  Ravenna_NP  have_VH0  shed_VBN  some_DD  valuable_JJ  light_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  last_DA  phase_NN  ,_,  wholesomely_RR  contradicting_VBG  the_AT1  lies_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  strangely_RR  theatrical_JJ  blackguard_NN  ,_,  Edward_NP  Trelawney_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS played_VVD  a_AT1  highly_RR  discreditable_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  campaign_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  wished_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  capital_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  association_NN  with_IO  Byron_NP  .  
  a_AT1  modern_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  few_DA  people_NNS  come_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  detailed_JJ  post-mortem_NN  with_IO  much_DA  credit_NN  .  
  Hobhouse_NP  certainly_RR  ,_,  though_CS  one_MC1  respects_VBZ  him_PPHO1  more_RRR  than_CS  one_MC1  likes_VBZ  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Byron_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  whenever_CS his_APP$  voice_NN  is_VBZ  heard_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  banshee_NN  wail_NN  (_(  Augusta_NP  ,_,  Caroline_NP  Lamb_NP  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  keeping_VBG  in_IO  chorus_NN  )_)  surprises_VBZ  one_MC1  by_IO  his_APP$  tone_NN  of_IO  humanity_NN  ,_,  of_IO  common_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  of_IO  candour_NN  :_:  a_AT1  startlingly_RR  modern_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  most_RG  dislikeable_JJ  ,_,  Augusta_NP  a_AT1  shifty_JJ  fool_NN  and_CC  not_XX  altogether_RR  a_AT1  nice_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Caroline_NP  Lamb_NP  a_AT1  bitch_NN  goddess_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  which_DDQ  (_(  thanks_IO  to_II  plentiful_JJ  domestic_JJ  service_NN  and_CC  gracious_JJ  living_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  notably_RR  rich_JJ  both_DB2  in_IO  goddesses_NNS  and_CC  bitches_NNS  .  masterpiece_NN  of_IO  horror_NN  .  
  after_IO  ten_MC  days_NNS  of_IO  intermittent_JJ  ,_,  near_II  fatal_JJ  ennui_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  eleventh_MD  Berlin_NP  international_JJ  film_NN  festival_NN  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  jolted_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  life_NN  by_IO  two_MC  extraordinary_JJ  films_NNS  ,_,  Bernhard_NP  Wicki's_PPIO2    das_&FW  Wunder_&FW  des_&FW  Malachias_&FW    (_(    the_AT1  miracle_NN  of_IO  Father_NNSB1  Malachias_NP    )_)  and_CC  Michaelangelo_NP  Antonioni's_PPIO2    la_&FW  notte_&FW  .    
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  film_NN  directors_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  made_VBN  first_MD  rate_NN  works_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  25_MC  years_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  counted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  :_:  Frank_NP  Wysbar_NP  (_(    Fa"hrmann_&FW  Maria_&FW    )_)  ,_,  Helmut_NP  Ka"utner_NP  (_(    die_&FW  grosse_&FW  freiheit_&FW  \0No_&FW  7_&FW    )_)  ,_,  Herbert_NP  Selpin_NP  (_(    Titanic_NP    )_)  ,_,  Wolfgang_NP  Staudte_NP  (_(    rotation_NN    )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Georg_NP  Klaren_NP  (_(    Wozzeck_NP    )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  now_RL  seem_VV0  that_CS  Wicki's_PPIO2  name_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  added_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  list_NN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  new_JJ  film_NN  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  landmark_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  revitalisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  cinema_NN  .  
  Wicki_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  director_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  his_APP$  career_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  actor_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  his_APP$  first_MD  important_JJ  film_NN  ro*?5le_NN  in_IO  Ka"utner's_PPIO2    die_&FW  letzt_&FW  bru"cke_&FW  ,_,    and_CC  he_PPHO1  also_RR  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Antonioni_NP  film_NN  .  
  in_IO  1950_MC  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  photographs_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  Germany_NP  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  America_NP  .  
  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  works_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  on_IO  view_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Berlin_NP  gallery_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  impressive_JJ  .  
  as_CS  Friedrich_NP  Du"rrenmatt_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Swiss_JJ  playwright_NN  and_CC  author_NN  ,_,  wrote_VVD  :_:  
    Wicki's_PPIO2  blacks_NNS  and_CC  greys_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  colours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lost_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  forgotten_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  also_RR  the_AT1  technical_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  abstraction_NN  .  
  every_AT1  unnecessary_JJ  detail_NN  ,_,  all_DB  superfluous_JJ  local_JJ  colouring_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  eliminated_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  police_NNS  photograph_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  eternal_JJ  in_IO  every_AT1  instant_NN  .    
  the_AT1  chilling_JJ  horror_NN  of_IO    Malachias_NP    is_VBZ  due_JJ  as_RG  much_RR  to_IO  Wicki_NP  the_AT1  photographer_NN  as_CS  to_IO  Wicki_NP  the_AT1  director_NN  .  
  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  film_NN  ,_,    die_&FW  bru"cke_&FW  ,_,    was_VBDZ  equally_RR  terrifying_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  the_AT1  director_NN  moves_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  reality_NN  into_IO  an_AT1  icy_JJ  supernatural_JJ  vacuum_NN  where_CS the_AT1  sun_NN  never_RR  shines_VBZ  .  
  following_VBG  Bruce_NP  Marshall's_PPIO2  original_JJ  novel_NN  with_IO  considerable_JJ  fidelity_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  film_NN  tells_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  monk_NN  who_PNQS prays_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  disreputable_JJ  night_NN  club_NN  near_IO  his_APP$  church_NN  be_VB0  removed_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  night_NN  his_APP$  prayer_NN  is_VBZ  answered_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  offending_JJ  establishment_NN  is_VBZ  suddenly_RR  transplanted_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  island_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  Father_NNSB1  Malachias's_PPIO2  troubles_NNS  have_VH0  only_RR  begun_VBN  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  having_VHG  the_AT1  desired_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  miracle_NN  becomes_VBZ  exploited_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  shrewd_JJ  newspapermen_NNS  .  
  soon_RR  a_AT1  carnival_NN  springs_VBZ  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  missing_JJ  building_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  rebukes_VBZ  the_AT1  poor_JJ  monk_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  miracle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  crowning_JJ  indignity_NN  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  gala_JJ  society_NN  reopening_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  Malachias_NP  goes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  ,_,  prays_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  miracle_NN  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  is_VBZ  replaced_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  setting_NN  .  
  a_AT1  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  can_VM  give_VV0  almost_RR  no_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  Wicki's_PPIO2  artistry_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  his_APP$  story_NN  best_RBT  in_IO  the_AT1  faces_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  crowds_NNS  ,_,  recording_VBG  every_AT1  wrinkle_NN  and_CC  drop_NN  of_IO  sweat_NN  with_IO  brutal_JJ  honesty_NN  ,_,  building_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  climax_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  orgy_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  guests_NNS  arrive_VV0  in_IO  ghost-like_JJ  yachts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wildly_RR  flapping_JJ  white_JJ  sails_NNS  slashed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  glaring_JJ  beacon_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lighthouse_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  final_JJ  miracle_NN  does_VBZ  occur_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  accepted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  marvellous_JJ  joke_NN  ;_;  no_PN1  one_PN  has_VHZ  learned_VBN  anything_PN1  .  
  Wicki_NP  suddenly_RR  returns_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  final_JJ  epilogue_NN  .  
  in_IO  complete_JJ  silence_NN  he_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  faces_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  walking_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  ,_,  smug_JJ  ,_,  content_JJ  ,_,  satisfied_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  thoroughly_RR  frightening_JJ  .  
  Wicki_NP  has_VHZ  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  second_MD  film_NN  in_IO  recording_VBG  his_APP$  personal_JJ  apocalypse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  days_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  sick_JJ  society_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  unfair_JJ  to_TO  call_VV0    Malachias_NP    a_AT1  cut-rate_JB    dolce_&FW  vita_&FW  ,_,    for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_RG  intimate_JJ  and_CC  deeply_RR  felt_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1944_MC  Herbert_NP  Selpin_NP  tried_VVD  a_AT1  similar_JJ  feat_NN  in_IO    Titanic_NP    by_IO  paralleling_VBG  the_AT1  last_DA  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  Reich_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sinking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  ocean_NN  liner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  paid_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  audacity_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  to_TO  judge_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,  Wicki_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  pay_VV0  by_IO  being_VBG  journalistically_RR  crucified_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  things_NNS  wrong_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  print_NN  arrived_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  cutting_NN  room_NN  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  before_IO  its_APP$  showing_NN  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  considered_VBN  in_IO  finished_JJ  state_NN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  only_RR  hope_VV0  that_CS  British_JJ  audiences_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  judge_VV0  this_DD1  powerful_JJ  creation_NN  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  future_NN  ;_;    die_&FW  bru"cke_&FW    is_VBZ  still_RR  waiting_VBG  two_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  its_APP$  German_JJ  premie*?3re_NN  .  
    la_&FW  notte_&FW    will_VM  be_VB0  shortly_RR  shown_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  deserves_VBZ  shorter_JJ  mention_NN  here_RL  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS feared_VVD  that_CS  Antonioni_NP  could_VM  never_RR  follow_VV0    l'avventura_&FW    with_IO  another_DD1  masterpiece_NN  can_VM  rest_VV0  easy_RR  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  the_AT1  near_II  impossible_JJ  and_CC  turned_VBN  out_RP  what_DDQ  certainly_RR  must_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  studies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  renewal_NN  of_IO  love_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  screen_NN  has_VHZ  ever_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  less_RG  obviously_RR  complex_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  film_NN  ,_,    la_&FW  notte_&FW    will_VM  undoubtedly_RR  have_VH0  more_RG  popular_JJ  appeal_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  a_AT1  reflection_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  seriousness_NN  .  
  his_APP$  method_NN  of_IO  painting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  camera_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  more_RG  exciting_JJ  ,_,  exchanging_VBG  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  of_IO  Sicily_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  skyscrapers_NNS  of_IO  Milan_NP  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  society_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  now_RL  even_RR  clearer_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  touched_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  melancholy_JJ  compassion_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  sign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  maturity_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  ultimate_JJ  artistic_JJ  vision_NN  .  
  strangely_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  audience_NN  received_VVD  the_AT1  film_NN  with_IO  extreme_JJ  coolness_NN  ,_,  much_RR  preferring_VBG  Jean-Luc_NP  Godard's_PPIO2  disappointing_JJ    une_&FW  femme_&FW  est_&FW  une_&FW  femme_&FW  ,_,    a_AT1  ninety-one_MC  minute_NN  hymn_NN  to_IO    vogue_NN  ,_,      cahiers_&FW  du_&FW  cinema_&FW  ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1  worst_JJT  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  cinema_NN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  brilliantly_RR  funny_JJ  start_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  fizzles_VBZ  out_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  repetitious_JJ  sight-gags_NNS  and_CC  personal_JJ  jokes_NNS  incomprehensible_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  uninitiated_JJ  (_(  including_IO  four_MC  plugs_NNS  for_IO  Charles_NP  Aznavour_NP  )_)  .  
  certainly_RR  one_MC1  had_VHD  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  expect_VV0  better_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  French_JJ  entry_NN  ,_,  Michel_NP  Drach's_PPIO2    Ame*?2lie_&FW  ,_,  ou_&FW  de_&FW  temps_&FW  d'aimer_&FW  ,_,    was_VBDZ  late_JJ  nineteenth-century_JB  French_JJ  opera_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  subtly_RR  romantic_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  twilight_NN  melancholy_NN  which_DDQ  lifted_VVD  an_AT1  involved_JJ  story_NN  to_IO  real_JJ  heights_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  refuge_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  welter_NN  of_IO  mediocre_JJ  features_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  retrospective_JJ  shows_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  the_AT1  programmes_NNS  devoted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Richard_NP  Oswald_NP  .  
  this_DD1  director_NN  is_VBZ  at_RR  last_RR  being_VBG  re-evaluated_VBN  and_CC  given_VBN  his_APP$  proper_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  film_NN  .  
  most_RG  charming_JJ  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  tongue-in-cheek_JB    unheimliche_&FW  geschichten_&FW    (_(  1920_MC  )_)  ,_,  five_MC  ghost_NN  stories_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  touch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  much_DA  to_TO  admire_VV0  in_IO    Dreyfus_NP    (_(  1930_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  virtually_RR  unknown_JJ  but_CCB  extremely_RR  important_JJ    1914_MC    (_(  1931_MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  tries_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  took_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  just_RR  Germany_NP  to_TO  start_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  prizes_NNS  being_VBG  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  Berlin_NP  is_VBZ  unusually_RR  generous_JJ  in_IO  giving_VBG  everyone_PN1  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  silver_NN  bears_NNS  are_VBR  awarded_VBN  in_IO  every_AT1  direction_NN  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  Antonioni_NP  and_CC  Wicki_NP  films_NNS  took_VVD  high_JJ  honours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  audience_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  awards_NNS  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  enthusiastic_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  Miss_NNSB1  Anna_NP  Kerima_NP  was_VBDZ  selected_VBN  as_IO  best_JJT  actress_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Godard_NP  film_NN  .  
  gifted_JJ  with_IO  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  although_CS  little_DA  acting_NN  ability_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  worth_IO  watching_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  months_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  new_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Isabel_NP  Quigly_NP  .  
  for_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  cinema's_NN1$  advertisement_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  exaggerate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  academy_NN  advertises_VBZ  Jean-Luc_NP  Godard's_PPIO2  a_&FW  bout_&FW  de_&FW  souffle*?2_&FW  (_(  translated_VBN  as_IO  breathless_JJ  ,_,  X_ZZ1  certificate_NN  )_)  as_IO    the_AT1  most_RG  eagerly_RR  awaited_JJ  new_JJ  film_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nouvelle_JJ  vague_JJ  ,_,    and_CC  although_CS    new_JJ    is_VBZ  hardly_RR  accurate_JJ  (_(  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  two_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  that_PNQS gave_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN  its_APP$  original_JJ  impetus_NN  and_CC  excitement_NN  )_)  ,_,  certainly_RR  the_AT1  film_NN  that_PNQS   sight_NN  and_CC  sound_NN    called_VVD    the_AT1  group's_NN1$  intellectual_JJ  manifesto_NN    is_VBZ  one_MC1  that_PNQS anyone_PN1  with_IO  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  cinema_NN  is_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  has_VHZ  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  few_DA  films_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  widely_RR  discussed_VBN  before_IO  their_APP$  public_JJ  showing_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  turns_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  few_DA  can_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  such_DA  obvious_JJ  prototypes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  have_VH0  embodied_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  attitudes_NNS  and_CC  techniques_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  since_II  been_VBN  imitated_VBN  ,_,  exaggerated_VBN  ,_,  caricatured_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  therefore_RR  )_)  weakened_VBN  ,_,  even_RR  made_VBN  absurd_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  disappointing_JJ  though_CS  perhaps_RR  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  directors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN  made_VVD  their_APP$  best_JJT  films_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  going_VBG  from_IO  strength_NN  to_IO  strength_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  since_II  either_LE  repeated_VBN  themselves_PPX2  or_CC  deteriorated_VBN  or_CC  (_(  generally_RR  )_)  both_DB2  ;_;  for_CS  their_APP$  great_JJ  limitation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  lack_NN  ,_,  once_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  made_VBN  their_APP$  original_JJ  point_NN  and_CC  asserted_VBN  their_APP$  independence_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  went_VVD  before_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  of_IO  anything_PN1  much_RR  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  world_NN  they_PPHS2  deal_VV0  with_IO  ,_,  though_CS  at_RR  first_RR  it_PPH1  may_VM  look_VV0  excitingly_RR  emancipated_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  as_RG  restricted_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  drawing-room_NN  comedy_NN  .  
  its_APP$  centre_NN  of_IO  gravity_NN  is_VBZ  Paris_NP  ,_,  its_APP$  inhabitants_NNS  young_JJ  people_NNS    students_NNS  ,_,  spivs_NNS  ,_,  petty_JJ  crooks_NNS  ,_,  layabouts_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  kind_NN    all_DB  with_IO  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  sort_NN  (_(  and_CC  style_NN  )_)  of_IO  sexual_JJ  promiscuity_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  aimlessness_NN  .  
  here_RL  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  seeing_VBG    a_&FW  bout_&FW  de_&FW  souffle*?2_&FW    too_RG  late_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_TO  feel_VV0  its_APP$  original_JJ  impact_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  its_APP$  originality_NN  very_RG  forcefully_RR  :_:  but_CCB  even_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  excitingly_RR  new_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  revolutionary_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  films_NNS  that_PNQS ,_,  sick_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  guard's_NN1$  deadness_NN  ,_,  stageyness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sheer_JB  lack_NN  of_IO  film_NN  sense_NN  ,_,  started_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  then_RL  an_AT1  anti-cliche*?2_JB  movement_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gloomy_JJ  truth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  saws_NNS  about_IO  revolutionaries_NNS  turning_VBG  into_IO  conservatives_NNS  overnight_RR  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  bribed_VBN  or_CC  bludgeoned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  they_PPHS2  turn_VV0  into_IO  an_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  in_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  very_RG  revolutionary_JJ  qualities_NNS  are_VBR  copied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  appear_VV0  quite_RR  dismally_RR  hackneyed_JJ  :_:  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  once_RR  fresh_JJ  and_CC  surprising_JJ  becomes_VBZ  tricksy_JJ  and_CC  affected_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  movement_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  barnacled_JJ  with_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  cliche*?2s_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  high_JJ    inordinately_RR  high_JJ    hopes_NNS  it_PPH1  began_VVD  with_IO  .  
  certainly_RR    a_&FW  bout_&FW  de_&FW  souffle*?2_&FW    (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  almost_RR  a_AT1  group_NN  achievement_NN  :_:  Godard_NP  directed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  Truffaut_NP      les_&FW  400_&FW  coups_&FW  ,_,      shoot_VV0  the_AT1  pianist_NN      wrote_VVD  the_AT1  script_NN  and_CC  Chabrol_NP      the_AT1  cousins_NNS  ,_,      les_&FW  bonnes_&FW  femmes_&FW      was_VBDZ  technical_JJ  supervisor_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  exciting_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  forget_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  come_VBN  since_II  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  now_RL  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  ingredients_NNS    a_AT1  nihilistic_JJ  attitude_NN  to_IO  everything_PN1  ,_,  wry_JJ  ,_,  built-in_JB  jokes_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  murderer-thief_NN  hero_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  startling_JJ  freshness_NN  of_IO  style_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  really_RR  surprising_JJ  and_CC  illuminating_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  objects_NNS  ,_,  faces_NNS  ,_,  people_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  talk_VV0  and_CC  feel_VV0  ,_,  conversations_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  perform_VV0  (_(  or_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  manage_VV0  to_TO  perform_VV0  )_)  their_APP$  function_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  people_NNS  closer_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  look_NN  of_IO  speed_NN  and_CC  technical_JJ  fun_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  of_IO  enormous_JJ  cinematic_JJ  enjoyment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  above_IO  all_DB  of_IO  cinematic_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  that_DD1  air_NN  of_IO  improvisation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  of_IO  off-the-cuff_JB  living_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS once_RR  seemed_VVD  so_RG  new_JJ  and_CC  so_RG  attractive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  (_(  not_XX  that_CS  the_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  plot_NN  ,_,  matters_VBZ  much_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  situation_NN  and_CC  movement_NN  it_PPH1  matters_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  run_NN  (_(  Jean-Paul_NP  Belmondo_NP  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS spends_VBZ  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  girl_NN  (_(  Jean_NP  Seberg_NP  )_)  who_PNQS is_VBZ  bearing_VBG  his_APP$  child_NN  (_(  though_CS  paternity_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  rather_RR  dubious_JJ  business_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  wave_NN  )_)  :_:  an_AT1  affair_NN  that_PNQS remains_VBZ  spiritually_RR  unconsummated_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  move_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  betrayal_NN  .  
  Belmondo_NP  reappears_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  Pullman_NP  in_IO  moderato_&FW  cantabile_&FW  (_(  curiously_RR  translated_VBN  into_IO  seven_MC  days_NNS  .  seven_MC  nights_NNS  .  A_ZZ1  certificate_NN  )_)  ,_,  Peter_NP  Brook's_PPIO2  film_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  shown_VBN  last_DA  autumn_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  film_NN  festival_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  magnificent_JJ  performances_NNS  from_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  from_IO  Jeanne_NP  Moreau_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  fairly_RR  well_RR  trounced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  critics_NNS  wherever_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  appeared_VBN  .  
  leisurely_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  slow_JJ  ,_,  rhythmically_RR  repetitive_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  mysteriously_RR  simple_JJ  story_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  banks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Garonne_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  becomes_VBZ  an_AT1  unforgettable_JJ  image_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  individual_JJ  film_NN  ,_,  mannered_JJ  ,_,  subtle_JJ  ,_,  literary_JJ  ,_,  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  a_AT1  film-maker_NN  ,_,  without_IO  the_AT1  exclusively_RR  ,_,  ferociously_RR  cinematic_JJ  eye_NN  of_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  Godard_NP  or_CC  Truffaut_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  to_IO  me_PPIO1  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  strangely_RR  satisfying_JJ  and_CC  memorable_JJ  .  
  and_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS complain_VV0  that_CS  Hollywood_NP  has_VHZ  grown_VBN  too_RG  sophisticated_JJ  to_TO  turn_VV0  out_RP  anything_PN1  really_RR  amusingly_RR  bad_JJ  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  anything_PN1  like_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  riproaring_JJ  nonsenses_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  Joan_NP  Crawford_NP  or_CC  Lana_NP  Turner_NP  broke_VVD  their_APP$  hearts_NNS  in_IO  black_JJ  velvet_NN  and_CC  mink_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  Parrish_NP  (_(  director_NN  :_:  Delmer_NP  Daves_NP  ,_,  A_ZZ1  certificate_NN  :_:  Warner_NP  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  concoction_NN  as_RG  absurd_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  hope_VV0  for_IO  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  parody_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  family_NN  saga_NN  and_CC  regional-folksy_JJ  film_NN  from_IO  giant_NN  downwards_RR  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  blond_JJ  youth_NN  of_IO  quite_RR  dazzling_JJ  dumbness_NN  called_VBN  Troy_NP  Donahue_NP  ;_;  and_CC  Claudette_NP  Colbert_NP  ,_,  still_RR  charming_JJ  amid_IO  the_AT1  nonsense_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Karl_NP  Malden_NP  not_XX  knowing_VBG  how_CS to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  all_RR  rolling_JJ  eyeballs_NNS  like_IO  a_AT1  villain_NN  from_IO  East_NP  Lynne_NP  .  film_NN  virtues_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  honey_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson's_PPIO2  skilful_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  version_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Shelagh_NP  Delaney's_PPIO2  play_NN  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  honey_NN  opens_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  Leicester_NP  Square_NNL1  Theatre_NNL1  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  produced_VBN  and_CC  directed_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Tony_NP  Richardson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  also_RR  part-author_NN  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Delaney_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  script_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ  advantages_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  derived_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  unity_NN  of_IO  conception_NN  and_CC  control_NN  are_VBR  everywhere_RR  apparent_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  filmed_JJ  play_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  conceived_VBN  throughout_II  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  ,_,  and_CC  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  visual_JJ  qualities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  characters_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  background_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  bring_VV0  the_AT1  film_NN  so_RG  vividly_RR  to_IO  life_NN  .  
  in_IO  Fanny_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  also_RR  has_VHZ  its_APP$  premiere_NN  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  director_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  Logan_NP  ,_,  attempted_VVD  but_CCB  failed_VVD  to_TO  create_VV0  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  honey_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson_NP  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  town_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  and_CC  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  live_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  shabby_JJ  streets_NNS  and_CC  wet_JJ  pavements_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  school_NN  play-grounds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  public_JJ  monuments_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  rubbish_NN  strewn_VBN  canals_NNS    even_RR  the_AT1  worn_JJ  head-stones_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  churchyard_NN  ,_,    sacred_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO      are_VBR  seen_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  .  
  the_AT1  background_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  alive_JJ  and_CC  always_RR  changing_VBG  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  visual_JJ  image_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  keeping_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  word_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  implicitly_RR  that_CS  these_DD2  characters_NNS  have_VH0  grown_VBN  naturally_RR  and_CC  inevitably_RR  from_IO  out_RP  of_IO  these_DD2  surroundings_NNS  .  
  against_IO  this_DD1  industrial_JJ  setting_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson_NP  has_VHZ  told_VBN  Miss_NNSB1  Delaney's_PPIO2  story_NN  .  
  its_APP$  faults_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  apparent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  plot_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  shapeless_JJ  and_CC  inconclusive_JJ    indeed_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  an_AT1  anecdote_NN  of_IO  city_NN  life_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  beginning_NN  but_CCB  no_AT1  end_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  characters_NNS  often_RR  seem_VV0  to_TO  lack_VV0  consistency_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  heart_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  telling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  intense_JJ  realism_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  lives_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  dingy_JJ  room_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  slatternly_JJ  ,_,  promiscuous_JJ  mother_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  surroundings_NNS  she_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  sex_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  sordid_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  experiences_VBZ  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  herself_PPX1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  incoherently_RR  ,_,  clumsily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  half_RR  shyly_RR  and_CC  half_RR  inquisitively_RR  .  
  as_CS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  Fanny_NP  her_APP$  first_MD  lover_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sailor_NN  who_PNQS leaves_VBZ  her_PPHO1  to_TO  bear_VV0  his_APP$  child_NN  and_CC  sails_VBZ  away_RP  .  
  in_IO  Fanny_NP  the_AT1  pregnant_JJ  girl_NN  is_VBZ  befriended_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  .  
  here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  homosexual_NN  ,_,  estranged_JJ  from_IO  women_NNS  but_CCB  yet_RR  moved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  maternal_JJ  instinct_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  unborn_JJ  child_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  expectant_JJ  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  protector_NN  and_CC  comforter_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  hour_NN  of_IO  need_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  shares_VBZ  her_APP$  room_NN  and_CC  gives_VBZ  her_PPHO1  his_APP$  forlorn_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  companionship_NN  and_CC  sympathy_NN      you_PPY  need_VV0  someone_PN1  to_TO  love_VV0  you_PPY  while_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  looking_VBG  for_IO  someone_PN1  to_TO  love_VV0    .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Dora_NP  Bryan_NP  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  mother_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  flamboyant_JJ  ,_,  down-to-earth_JB  sensualist_NN  who_PNQS lacks_VBZ  perception_NN  but_CCB  is_VBZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  without_IO  heart_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Murray_NP  Melvin_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  homosexual_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  long_JJ  lugubrious_JJ  face_NN  reflecting_VBG  a_AT1  hidden_JJ  and_CC  unexpressed_JJ  compassion_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Rita_NP  Tushingham_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  difficult_JJ  when_CS assessing_VBG  a_AT1  moving_JJ  and_CC  eloquent_JJ  performance_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  immature_JJ  screen_NN  actress_NN  to_TO  judge_VV0  the_AT1  extent_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  acting_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  inspired_VBN  by_IO  skilled_JJ  and_CC  sensitive_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson_NP  has_VHZ  left_VBN  his_APP$  stamp_NN  so_RG  clearly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  film_NN  that_CS  some_DD  credit_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  but_CCB  here_RL  is_VBZ  undeniably_RR  a_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  surprising_JJ  range_NN  and_CC  deep_JJ  emotion_NN  ,_,  reflected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  schoolgirl_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  seemingly_RR  without_IO  make-up_NN  but_CCB  is_VBZ  illuminated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  pair_NN  of_IO  eyes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson's_PPIO2  great_JJ  gift_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  show_VV0  a_AT1  face_NN  in_IO  close-up_NN  and_CC  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  thoughts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  being_VBG  spoken_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  repeatedly_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  film_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Tushingham_NP  .  
  concertos_NNS  enliven_VV0  programme_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  Tchaikovsky's_PPIO2  Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP  fantasy_NN  overture_NN  ,_,  last_DA  night's_NN1$  prom_NN  was_VBDZ  entirely_RR  devoted_VBN  to_IO  twentieth-century_JB  music_NN  ,_,  with_IO  two_MC  piano_NN  concertos_NNS  by_IO  Alan_NP  Rawsthorne_NP  and_CC  Prokofiev_NP  (_(  each_DD1  composer's_NN1$  \0no_NN  1_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  )_)  to_TO  enliven_VV0  both_DB2  halves_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  works_NNS  are_VBR  true_JJ  bravura_NN  concertos_NNS  lying_VBG  within_IO  the_AT1  grasp_NN  only_RR  of_IO  players_NNS  of_IO  virtuoso_NN  technique_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  alike_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  in_IO  placing_VBG  far_RR  more_DA  emphasis_NN  on_IO  crisply_RR  sparkling_JJ  extravert_JJ  brilliance_NN  than_CS  on_IO  inwardness_NN  of_IO  feeling_NN  though_CS  admittedly_RR  Rawsthorne_NP  briefly_RR  becomes_VBZ  more_RG  searching_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  beautiful_JJ  central_JJ  chaconne_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soloist_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moura_NP  Lympany_NP  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  better_RRR  chosen_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  clear-cut_JJ  agility_NN  and_CC  vivacity_NN  of_IO  musicianship_NN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  temperamentally_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  suffer_VV0  from_IO  any_DD  temptation_NN  to_TO  delve_VV0  more_RG  deeply_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  notes_NNS  than_CS  they_PPHS2  warrant_VV0  .  
  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  symphony_NN  orchestra_NN  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Malcolm_NP  Sargent_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  of_IO    Pohjola's_PPIO2  daughter_NN    ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  Sibelius's_PPIO2  offspring_NN  now_RL  very_RG  much_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  shelf_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  vividly_RR  scored_VBN  but_CCB  essentially_RR  naive_JJ  programme_NN  music_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  appeal_VV0  on_IO  home_NN1  ground_NN  where_CS the_AT1  Kalevala_NP  is_VBZ  as_RG  real_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Malcolm_NP  Sargent_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  made_VVD  every_AT1  point_NN  with_IO  graphic_JJ  clarity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  almost_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  of_IO  Vaughan_NP  Williams's_PPIO2  sixth_MD  symphony_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  stood_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  centrepiece_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exception_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  finale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  symphony_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  played_VBN  just_RR  a_AT1  shade_NN  too_RG  fast_RR  and_CC  not_XX  quite_RR  insubstantially_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  convey_VV0  the_AT1  full_JJ  ,_,  hollow_JJ  horror_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  implications_NNS    the_AT1  globe's_NN1$  vast_JJ  desolation_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  extinction_NN  of_IO  all_DB  human_JJ  life_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Dodie_NP  Smith_NP  provides_VBZ  for_IO  kitchen_NN  sink_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Liverpool_NP  ,_,  \0Sept_NN1  12_MC  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  latest_JJT  play_NN  ,_,  launched_VBN  here_RL  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Dodie_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  accepting_VBG  the_AT1  challenge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  made_VBN  room_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  kitchen_NN  sink_NN  .  
  its_APP$  presence_NN  does_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  sour_VV0  these_DD2  new_JJ  arrivals_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1  author's_NN1$  brood_NN  of_IO  brain_NN  children_NNS  .  
  or_CC  should_VM  one_MC1  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  heart_NN  children_NNS  .  
  all_DB  their_APP$  hearts_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  run_VV0  true_JJ  and_CC  sweet_JJ  to_IO  family_NN  form_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  even_RR  an_AT1  older_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  formidable_JJ  challenge_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  itself_PPX1  to_TO  test_VV0  their_APP$  fundamental_JJ  niceness_NN  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  basement_NN  kitchen_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  square_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  dining_NN  room_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  boarding_NN  establishment_NN  run_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  amiable_JJ  and_CC  fluttery_JJ  spinster_NN  .  
  all_DB  her_APP$  guests_NNS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  lend_VV0  a_AT1  hand_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  up_RP  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  frequent_JJ  )_)  with_IO  almost_RR  as_RG  much_DA  enjoyment_NN  as_CS  if_CS  at_RR  last_RR  some_DD  miraculous_JJ  detergent_NN  were_VBDR  being_VBG  advertised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  live_JJ  theatre_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  is_VBZ  cantankerous_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  petty_JJ  jealousies_NNS  or_CC  mutual_JJ  animosities_NNS  .  
  who_PNQS  but_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Dodie_NP  Smith_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  boarding_NN  house_NN  comedy_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  without_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  boarding_NN  house_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  pronounced_JJ  list_NN  to_IO  stageward_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  accommodates_VBZ  young_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  profession_NN  and_CC  also_RR  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  actor_NN  manque*?2_JJ  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  for_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  at_RR  first_RR  suspected_VBN  of_IO  having_VHG  been_VBN  serving_VBG  a_AT1  prison_NN  sentence_NN  .  
  actually_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  caring_VBG  for_IO  his_APP$  invalid_JJ  but_CCB  equally_RR  histrionic_JJ  wife_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  died_VBN  and_CC  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  free_JJ  to_TO  fulfil_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  blessing_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  long_RR  thwarted_JJ  ambition_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  gently_RR  de-hammed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  stage_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  actress_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  his_APP$  fellow-lodger_NN  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  land_VV0  a_AT1  contract_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  meanwhile_NN  we_PPIS2  watch_VV0  him_PPHO1  perform_VV0  marvels_NNS  of_IO  cooking_NN  and_CC  ,_,  generally_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  listen_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  delivering_VBG  the_AT1  most_RG  purple_JJ  and_CC  familiar_JJ  patches_NNS  of_IO  Shakespeare_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  pathetic_JJ  fuddy-duddies_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  parted_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  house_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  had_VHN    a_AT1  good_JJ  offer_NN    for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  hypochondriacal_JJ  old_JJ  bachelor_NN  who_PNQS proposes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  gentle_JJ  proprietress_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  not_XX  accepted_VBN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  surprising_JJ  confession_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  ,_,  unlike_IO  her_PPHO1  once_RR  suspected_JJ  guest_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  really_RR  been_VBN  to_IO  prison_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Smith's_PPIO2  highest_JJT  flight_NN  of_IO  imagination_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  offence_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  absentminded_JJ  theft_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  library_NN  book_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  in_IO  her_APP$  youth_NN  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  innocent_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Edie_NP  got_VVD  14_MC  days_NNS  without_IO  the_AT1  option_NN  .  
  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  titled_JJ    char_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  deliberately_RR  modern_JJ  touch_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jennifer_NP  Stirling_NP  plays_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Edie_NP  with_IO  great_JJ  skill_NN  and_CC  charm_NN  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Willard_NP  Stoker_NP  effectively_RR  coordinates_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  cast_NN  .  
  rare_JJ  acting_NN  in_IO  Betti_NP  play_NN  .  
  a_AT1  quietly_RR  effective_JJ  production_NN  .  
  Oxford_NP  Playhouse_NNL1  :_:  Irene_NP  .  
  directed_VBN  by_IO  Bryan_NP  Stonehouse_NP  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  Oxford_NP  ,_,  \0Sept_NN1  12_MC  .  
  Irene_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  Betti's_PPIO2  masterpieces_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendidly_RR  efficient_JJ  play_NN  ,_,  constructed_VBN  with_IO  sure_JJ  instinct_NN  for_IO  theatrical_JJ  effect_NN  which_DDQ  never_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  let_VV0  this_DD1  dramatist_NN  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  background_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  rough_JJ  ,_,  raw_JJ  ,_,  savage_JJ  land_NN  of_IO  southern_JJ  Italy_NP  which_DDQ  Betti_NP  explored_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  plays_NNS  .  
  here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  combined_VBN  with_IO  another_DD1  theme_NN  dear_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  workings_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  nice_JJ  ,_,  simple_JJ  sergeant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Carabinieri_NP  arrives_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  village_NN  at_IO  night_NN  to_TO  investigate_VV0  some_DD  irregularities_NNS  concerning_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  clerk_NN  .  
  by_IO  chance_NN  he_PPHO1  lights_VBZ  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  upon_IO  the_AT1  clerk's_NN1$  house_NN  ,_,  stays_VBZ  there_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  becomes_VBZ  disturbingly_RR  involved_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  clerk_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  faded_JJ  ,_,  pretentious_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  ,_,  particularly_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  beautiful_JJ  crippled_JJ  daughter_NN  ,_,  Irene_NP  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  hears_VBZ  the_AT1  evidence_NN  against_IO  his_APP$  erstwhile_JB  host_NN  ,_,  and_CC  learns_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  bitter_JJ  enmity_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  mayor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  hold_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  where_CS does_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  lie_VV0  .  
  how_CS far_RR  can_VM  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  ,_,  caught_VBN  between_IO  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  for_IO  Irene_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  family_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  evidence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  veiled_JJ  blackmail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mayor_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  reach_VV0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  and_CC  unbiased_JJ  decision_NN  .  
  especially_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  pure_JJ  and_CC  innocent_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  local_JJ  prostitute_NN  .  
  despite_IO  this_DD1  she_PPHO1  still_RR  retains_VBZ  a_AT1  strange_JJ  innocence_NN  ,_,  somewhere_RR  between_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  idiot_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  saint_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  sets_VBZ  up_RP  violent_JJ  and_CC  contradictory_JJ  emotions_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS visit_VV0  her_PPHO1  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  yet_RR  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  stay_VV0  ;_;  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  until_CS  almost_RR  too_RG  late_RR  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  loves_VBZ  her_PPHO1  or_CC  loathes_VBZ  her_PPHO1  .  
  arguably_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  dramatist_NN  has_VHZ  committed_VBN  a_AT1  technical_JJ  error_NN  in_IO  allowing_VBG  Irene_NP  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ;_;  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  altogether_RR  clearer_JJ  in_IO  our_APP$  minds_NNS  about_IO  her_PPHO1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  a_AT1  flawed_JJ  but_CCB  beautiful_JJ  enigma_NN  ,_,  seen_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  heard_VBN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Pinkie_NP  Johnstone_NP  makes_VBZ  her_APP$  few_DA  brief_JJ  scenes_NNS  effective_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dinsdale_NP  Landen_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  longest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  exacting_JJ  role_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  ,_,  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  rare_JJ  intelligence_NN  and_CC  restrained_JJ  power_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bryan_NP  Stonehouse's_PPIO2  production_NN  is_VBZ  quietly_RR  effective_JJ  ,_,  giving_VBG  full_JJ  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  formal_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  Betti's_PPIO2  writing_NN  without_IO  over-emphasizing_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  morality_NN  play_NN  on_IO  ambition_NN  .  
  last_DA  night's_NN1$  play_NN  in_IO  the_AT1    play_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN    series_NN  on_IO  independent_JJ  television_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  fall_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Paul_NP  Ferris_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  morality_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  not_XX  unfamiliar_JJ  theme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  destructive_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  unbridled_JJ  ambition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  went_VVD  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  some_DD  distance_NN  beyond_IO  most_DA  treatments_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  subject_NN  by_IO  attempting_VBG  to_TO  generate_VV0  a_AT1  melodramatic_JJ  inevitability_NN  which_DDQ  left_VVD  its_APP$  central_JJ  character_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  around_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  complete_JJ  ,_,  unredeemable_JJ  desolation_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  say_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  attempt_NN  succeeded_VVD  if_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ferris_NP  manipulated_VVD  his_APP$  characters_NNS  .  
  Mervyn_NP  Morris_NP  abandons_VBZ  his_APP$  job_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  pilot_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Welsh_JJ  seaport_NN  ,_,  finds_VBZ  a_AT1  position_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  treads_VBZ  underfoot_RR  everyone_PN1  ,_,  especially_RR  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  with_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  deals_VBZ  :_:  his_APP$  wife_NN  leaves_VBZ  him_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  paper's_NN1$  shy_JJ  ,_,  gentle_JJ  editor_NN  .  
  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  prevails_VBZ  upon_IO  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  miserly_JJ  ,_,  fanatical_JJ  Welsh_JJ  nationalist_NN  ,_,  to_TO  murder_VV0  the_AT1  editor_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  no_AT1  suspicions_NNS  are_VBR  aroused_VBN  but_CCB  no_AT1  problems_NNS  are_VBR  solved_VBN  for_CS  he_PPHO1  loses_VBZ  his_APP$  job_NN  because_CS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  standing_VBG  in_IO  front_II  of_II  television_NN  cameras_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  nerves_NNS  on_IO  edge_NN  ,_,  talking_VBG  tactlessly_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  William_NP  Lucas_NP  (_(  Morris_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  always_RR  insensitively_RR  pushing_JJ  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Sheila_NP  Allen_NP  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  always_RR  palely_RR  appealing_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  Maxwell_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  editor_NN  ,_,  always_RR  comically_RR  abashed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  events_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Aubrey_NP  Richards_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  father-in-law_NN  ,_,  always_RR  comically_RR  grotesque_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  asked_VBN  to_TO  modulate_VV0  from_IO  their_APP$  set_JJ  moods_NNS  but_CCB  played_VBN  with_IO  proper_JJ  efficiency_NN  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richards_NP  ,_,  with_IO  lavish_JJ  and_CC  suitably_RR  gaudy_JJ  colour_NN  .  
  only_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lucas's_PPIO2  actions_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  arose_VVD  explicably_RR  from_IO  appreciable_JJ  motives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  feels_VBZ  ,_,  were_VBDR  driven_VBN  to_IO  effective_JJ  action_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  ineffectuality_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  endowed_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  one_MC1  hopes_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  asking_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  odd_JJ  accents_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  act_VV0  oddly_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  queer_JJ  foreigners_NNS  of_IO  tradition_NN  .  frankly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  for_IO  Frankie_NP  .  .  
  next_DA  month_NN  that_CS  friendly_JJ  ,_,  effervescent_JJ  performer_NN  Frankie_NP  Vaughan_NP  will_VM  burst_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  Palladium_NP  stage_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  show_NN  .  
  to_TO  paraphrase_VV0  his_APP$  well-known_JJ  ditty_NN  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  limelight_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  girls_NNS    and_CC  leave_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  hunch_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  feel_VV0  more_RRR  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  ,_,  star-studded_JJ  West_NP  End_NP  than_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ever_RR  feel_VV0  in_IO  Hollywood_NP  .  
  his_APP$  American_JJ  bosses_NNS  ,_,  20th-Century_NP  Fox_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  recently_RR  given_VBN  Frankie_NP  the_AT1  full_JJ  ,_,  razzamataz_NN  ,_,  red-carpet_JB  treatment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  done_VBN  a_AT1  thing_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  film_NN  career_NN  that_PNQS Anna_NP  Neagle_NP  and_CC  Herbert_NP  Wilcox_NP  were_VBDR  not_XX  doing_VBG  better_RRR  here_RL  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  platinum-plated_JJ  Hollywood_NP  carrot_NN  was_VBDZ  dangled_VBN  before_IO  his_APP$  nose_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  Hollywood_NP  picture_NN  ,_,    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   make_VV0  love_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  swamped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  know-how_NN  of_IO  Marilyn_NP  Monroe_NP  and_CC  Yves_NP  Montand_NP  .  
  against_IO  this_DD1  couple_NN  Frankie_NP  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  cardboard_NN  role_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  stand_VV0  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  now_RL  comes_VBZ    the_AT1  right_JJ  approach_NN    (_(  Rialto_NP  ,_,    A_ZZ1    )_)  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  glum_JJ  business_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  an_AT1  aspiring_JJ  actor_NN    a_AT1  selfish_JJ  ,_,  arrogant_JJ  ,_,  brash_JJ  ,_,  ambitious_JJ  ,_,  unscrupulous_JJ  heel_NN    who_PNQS would_VM  tread_VV0  on_IO  anybody's_PN$  neck_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  break_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP  ratrace_NN  .  
  cynical_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  double-crosses_VBZ  the_AT1  five_MC  pals_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  ,_,  cheats_VBZ  a_AT1  waitress_NN  (_(  Juliet_NP  Prowse_NP  )_)  and_CC  cynically_RR  uses_VBZ  a_AT1  magazine_NN  editress_NN  (_(  Martha_NP  Hyer_NP  )_)  to_TO  get_VV0  ahead_RR  .  
  Frankie_NP  Vaughan_NP  is_VBZ  too_RG  nice_JJ  a_AT1  chap_NN  to_TO  ring_VV0  quite_RR  true_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  smooth-tongued_JJ  ,_,  ill-mannered_JJ  Yank_NN1  .  
  his_APP$  best_JJT  moments_NNS  are_VBR  when_CS he_PPHO1  swings_VBZ  breezily_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  song_NN  .  
  but_CCB  6,000_MC  miles_NNS  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  heck_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  hit_NN  song_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  think_VV0  hard_RR  and_CC  long_RR  before_IO  his_APP$  next_DA  jump_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP  arena_NN  .  
  verdict_NN  :_:  
  Vaughan_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  by-passed_VBN  this_DD1  approach_NN  .  
  Ronald_NP  Lewis_NP  has_VHZ  just_RR  left_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  taste_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP  treatment_NN  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  a_AT1  sound_JJ  performance_NN  in_IO    taste_NN  of_IO  fear_NN    (_(  Warner_NP  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,    X_ZZ1    )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  earned_VBN  his_APP$  break_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  well-made_JJ  variation_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  sinister_JJ  yarn_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  half_DB  the_AT1  cast_NN  try_VV0  to_TO  persuade_VV0  the_AT1  heroine_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  despite_IO  flagrant_JJ  cheating_NN  the_AT1  eerie_JJ  atmosphere_NN  is_VBZ  built_VBN  up_RP  neatly_RR  .  
  Susan_NP  Strasberg_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  crippled_JJ  damsel_NN  in_IO  distress_NN  .  
  stepmother_NN  Ann_NP  Todd_NP  and_CC  doctor_NN  Christopher_NP  Lee_NP  are_VBR  also_RR  effectively_RR  around_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  provide_VV0  some_DD  chilly_JJ  red_JJ  herrings_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1    find-the-body_JB    thriller_NN  .  
  verdict_NN  :_:  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  believe_VV0  all_DB  you_PPY  see_VV0  and_CC  hear_VV0  !_!  
  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  the_AT1  homely_JJ  mug_NN  of_IO  Sidney_NP  James_NP  has_VHZ  pumped_VBN  life_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  slim_JJ  ,_,  strained_JJ  comedy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  his_APP$  rescue_NN  act_NN  in_IO    double_JJ  bunk_NN    (_(  Leicester-square_NP  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,    A_ZZ1    )_)  .  
  strength_NN  .  
  navigator_NN  Sid_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tower_NN  of_IO  strength_NN  when_CS newly-weds_NNS  Ian_NP  Carmichael_NP  and_CC  Janette_NP  Scott_NP  let_VV0  loose_JJ  their_APP$  ancient_JJ  houseboat_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  honeymoon_NN  trip_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  starts_VBZ  off_RP  brightly_RR  enough_RGA  but_CCB  ,_,  half-way_RR  through_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  plot_NN  (_(  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  boat_NN  )_)  springs_VBZ  a_AT1  near-disastrous_JB  leak_NN  .  
  familiar_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  repertory_NN  team_NN  of_IO  comedy_NN  character-actors_NNS  jump_VV0  through_IO  equally_RR  familiar_JJ  hoops_NNS  to_IO  mild_JJ  laughter_NN  .  
  verdict_NN  :_:  
  the_AT1    bunk_NN    needed_VVD  doubling_VBG  .  
  Donald_NP    takes_VBZ    the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  last_DA  night's_NN1$  \0TV_NN  .  
  by_IO  Clifford_NP  Davis_NP  .  
  Donald_NP  Houston_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  big_JJ  success_NN  on_IO  \0ATV's_PPIO2    drama_NN  '61_MC    last_DA  night_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  ,_,  scheming_JJ  jewel_NN  thief_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  play_NN  by_IO  Jacques_NP  Gillies_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  takers_NNS  .    
  a_AT1  polished_JJ  production_NN  by_IO  Quentin_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  here_RL  ,_,  held_VBN  together_RR  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Houston's_PPIO2  accomplished_JJ  performance_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  master_NN  mind_NN  behind_IO  a_AT1  gang_NN  of_IO  crooks_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  plot_NN  to_TO  rob_VV0  a_AT1  French_JJ  millionaire_NN  of_IO  *+300,000_NNU  worth_NN  of_IO  jewellery_NN  struck_VVD  me_PPIO1  as_CS  ingenious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  had_VHD  style_NN  ,_,  moved_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ  pace_NN  and_CC  everyone_PN1  did_VDD  well_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Houston's_PPIO2  evening_NN  .  
  earlier_RRR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  Palladium_NP  show_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  Stanley_NP  Holloway's_PPIO2  act_NN  too_RG  long_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  particularly_RR  entertaining_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  re-book_VV0  Gene_NP  Detroy_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  performing_JJ  chimpanzees_NNS  so_RG  soon_RR  after_IO  their_APP$  previous_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  their_APP$  offering_NN  last_DA  night_NN  differed_VVD  little_RR  from_IO  their_APP$  earlier_JJ  act_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  show_NN  a_AT1  week_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ago_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Mudlarks_NP2  ,_,  with_IO  Jeff_NP  Mudd_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  and_CC  back_NN  with_IO  sister_NN  Mary_NP  and_CC  brother_NN  Fred_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  bright_JJ  ,_,  zestful_JJ  form_NN  .  
  why_CS only_RR  two_MC  numbers_NNS  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  .  
  a_AT1  Rix_NP  mix_NN  .  
  by_IO  Richard_NP  Sear_NP  .  
    a_AT1  fair_JJ  cop_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  Whitehall_NP  farce_NN  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  rabbit_NN  warren_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  corn_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  recall_VV0  a_AT1  production_NN  where_CS so_RG  many_DA  comics_NNS  bolted_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  holes_NNS  so_RG  often_RR  .  
  the_AT1  jokes_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  reshuffle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  old_JJ  lot_NN    this_DD1  time_NN  Brian_NP  Rix_NP  lost_VVD  his_APP$  skirt_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  action_NN  moved_VVD  at_IO  tremendous_JJ  speed_NN  ,_,  backed_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  wonderful_JJ  timing_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  especially_RR  liked_VVD  the_AT1  tea-cup_NN  scene_NN  where_CS six_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  changed_VVD  cups_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  dexterity_NN  of_IO  Chinese_JJ  jugglers_NNS  .  
  Carole_NP  Shelley_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  newly-wed_NN  and_CC  Larry_NP  Noble_NP  as_IO  Smiler_NP  Perkins_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  most_RG  laughable_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  alone_RR  used_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  edge_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  humour_NN  and_CC  cut_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  gormless_JJ  standing_JJ  corn_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  accidental_JJ    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  not_XX  .  
  if_CS  ever_RR  a_AT1  bag_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  needed_VVD  a_AT1  thorough_JJ  shaking_NN  up_RP  the_AT1  Whitehall_NP  farce_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  to_IO  television_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  pianna_NN  pin-up_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  record_NN  .  
  by_IO  Patrick_NP  Doncaster_NP  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  get_VV0  on_IO  records_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  something_PN1  different_JJ  .  
  sing_VV0  slightly_RR  flat_RR  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  good_JJ  singers_NNS  sing_VV0  in_IO  tune_NN  .  
  twang_VV0  a_AT1  guitar_NN  slightly_RR  off_IO  key_NN  .  
  everybody_PN1  's_VBZ  fed_JJ  up_JJ"  with_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  way_NN    so_PN1  the_AT1  best-seller_NN  charts_NNS  say_VV0  .  
  play_VV0  an_AT1  old_JJ  pianna_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  you_PPY  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  your_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  son_NN  .  people_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  things_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0    not_XX  on_IO  record_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  musician_NN  David_NP  Lisbon's_PPIO2  chances_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  starred_JJ  disc_NN  solo_JJ  pianist_NN  were_VBDR  greatly_RR  enhanced_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  dug_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  packet_NN  of_IO  drawing-pins_NNS  .  
    why_CS not_XX  ,_,    thought_VVD  ex-soldier_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lisbon_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  twenty-three_MC  ,_,  and_CC  lives_VBZ  in_IO  Dagenham_NP  ,_,  Essex_NP  ,_,    press_VV0  a_AT1  thumb-tack_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hammers_NNS  that_PNQS strike_VV0  the_AT1  piano_NN  strings_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  piano_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  n't_XX  enough_DD  tacks_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  only_RR  the_AT1  middle_JB  hammers_NNS  done_VBN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  for_IO  sound_NN  .  
  um-chink_UH  .  um-chink_UH  .  it_PPH1  went_VVD  .  
  slightly_RR  flat_JJ  and_CC  jangly_JJ  in_IO  part_NN  .  
  delightful_JJ  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  sound_NN  on_IO  tape_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tape_NN  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Philips_NP  company_NN  .  
  within_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lisbon_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  record_NN  contract_NN  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  hauled_VVD  his_APP$  thumb-tacked_JJ  joanna_NN  the_AT1  thirteen_MC  miles_NNS  to_IO  London_NP  for_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  session_NN  .  
  now_RL  along_RP  comes_VBZ  his_APP$  solo_JB  disc_NN  ,_,  featuring_VBG  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  compositions_NNS  ,_,    deerstalker_NN    and_CC    almost_RR  grown_VBN  up_RP  .    
  verdict_NN  :_:  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lisbon_NP  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  taped_VBN  .  
  and_CC  tacked_VBN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  :_:  
    just_RR  as_RG  well_JJ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  only_RR  one_MC1  box_NN  of_IO  tacks_NNS    it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  different_JJ  .  .    
  more_DA  news_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ivory-thumping_JJ  \0dept_NN  .  .  
  Russ_NP  Conway_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  tinkled_VBN  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  fame_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  pianna_NN  ,_,  comes_VBZ  in_RP  with_IO  another_DD1  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  works_NNS  :_:    parade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poppets_NNS    (_(  Columbia_NP  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  nimble-fingered_JJ  best_JJT  .  
  cute_JJ  .  
  Germany's_PPIO2  Russ_NP  Conway_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pianist_NN  who_PNQS calls_VBZ  himself_PPX1  crazy_JJ  Otto_NP  .  
  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  crazy_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  pianistics_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pounds_VBZ  merrily_RR  away_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  called_VBN    Piccadilly_NP    (_(  Polydor_NP  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  it_PPH1  cute_JJ  .  
  American_JJ  pianist_NN  Floyd_NP  Cramer_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS played_VVD  for_IO  Elvis_NP  on_IO    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  now_RL  or_CC  never_RR  ,_,    looks_VBZ  like_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  success_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  with_IO    on_IO  the_AT1  rebound_NN    (_(  \0RCA_NP  )_)  .  
  new_JJ  boy_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  vocal_JJ  front_NN  is_VBZ  Rolly_NP  Daniels_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS comes_VBZ  5,000_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  India_NP  to_TO  seek_VV0  disc_NN  fame_NN  .  
  comedian_NN  Hal_NP  Monty_NP  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Bombay_NP  ,_,  became_VVD  his_APP$  manager_NN  .  
  and_CC  such_DA  is_VBZ  Hal's_PPIO2  faith_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  brings_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  now_RL  Rolly_NP  gets_VBZ  his_APP$  big_JJ  break_NN    a_AT1  record_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  modern_JJ  Aladdin's_PPIO2  lamp_NN  of_IO  show_NN  business_NN  .  
  become_VV0  a_AT1  success_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  disc_NN  and_CC  hey_UH  presto_UH  !_!  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  star_NN  .  .  
  Rolly_NP  sings_VBZ  with_IO  assuredness_NN    bella_&FW  bella_&FW  Marie_NP    (_(  Parlophone_NP  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  lively_JJ  song_NN  that_PNQS changes_VBZ  tempo_NN  mid-way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  will_VM  storm_VV0  the_AT1  charts_NNS  with_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  start_NN  .  
  Chris_NP  Charles_NP  ,_,  39_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  in_IO  Stockton-on-Tees_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  accountant_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  garages_NNS  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  time_NN  as_RR  well_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  lyric_JJ  writer_NN  .  
  obliged_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  with_IO  Tolchard_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  composer_NN  of_IO    Lady_NNSB1  of_IO  Spain_NP    and_CC  other_DA  big_JJ  hits_NNS  .  
  Tolch_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  in_IO  Tin_NP  Pan_NP  Alley_NNL1  ,_,  likes_VBZ  songs_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD    my_APP$  September_NN1  love_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  big_JJ  David_NP  Whitfield_NP  hit_NN  of_IO  1956_MC  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   have_VH0  another_DD1  song_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Tolch_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  obliged_VVD  with_IO    April_NN1  serenade_NN  .    
  this_DD1  week_NN  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  ,_,  a_AT1  tuneful_JJ  melody_NN  sung_VBN  impeccably_RR  by_IO  Robert_NP  Earl_NNSB1  (_(  Philips_NP  )_)  .  
  telepage_NN  by_IO  Jack_NP  Bell_NP  .  
  a_AT1  producer_NN  vanishes_VBZ  .  
  producer_NN  Russell_NP  Turner_NP  ,_,  33_MC  ,_,  provides_VBZ  his_APP$  last_DA  programme_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  tonight_NN1  with_IO  Robert_NP  Harbin's_PPIO2    mystery_NN  and_CC  magic_NN    (_(  7.30_MC  )_)  .  
  after_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  started_VVD    juke_NN  box_NN  jury_NN    and_CC  directed_VVD    six-five_MC-MC  special_NN  ,_,    Turner_NP  is_VBZ  aiming_VBG  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  free-lance_NN  \0TV_NN  ,_,  film_NN  and_CC  stage_NN  production_NN  work_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  all_DB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  at_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    we_PPIS2  mutually_RR  agreed_VVD  to_TO  part_VV0  .    
  escapologist_NN  Dill-Russell_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  guest_NN  in_IO  Harbin's_PPIO2  show_NN  tonight_NN1  .  
  boxing_NN  fans_NNS  can_VM  see_VV0  an_AT1  eight-round_JB  feather-weight_JB  contest_NN  between_IO  Chris_NP  Elliot_NP  and_CC  Harry_NP  Carroll_NP  from_IO  Leicester_NP  (_(  \0BBC_NP  ,_,  8.25_MC  )_)  .  
    national_JJ    airs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  songs-of-Britain_JB  medley_NN  is_VBZ  sung_VBN  by_IO  David_NP  Hughes_NP  in_IO  his_APP$    make_VV0  mine_PP$  music_NN    (_(  \0BBC_NP  ,_,  9.30_MC  \0p.m_RR  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  include_VV0    Scotland_NP  the_AT1  brave_JJ  ,_,      men_NNS  of_IO  Harlech_NP  ,_,      McNamara's_PPIO2  band_NN  ,_,      Greensleeves_NP    and_CC    English_JJ  rose_NN  .    
  Fay_NP  Compton_NP  stars_VBZ  in_IO    no_AT1  hiding_NN  place_NN    (_(  \0ITV_NP  ,_,  9.35_MC  \0p.m_RR  )_)  .  
  she_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  possessive_JJ  mother_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  hobby_NN  revolves_NNS  round_IO  a_AT1  doll's_NN1$  house_NN  .  
  three_MC  people_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  hypnotised_VBN  in_IO  tonight's_NP1    lifeline_NN    (_(  \0BBC_NP  ,_,  10.15_MC  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  everyday_JB  articles_NNS  such_IO  as_II  a_AT1  chair_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  motor-car_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  when_CS parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  not_XX  normally_RR  available_JJ  without_IO  hypnosis_NN  are_VBR  used_VBN  .  
  \0ITV_NP  have_VH0  postponed_VBN  Malcolm_NP  Muggeridge's_PPIO2    appointment_NN  with_IO  playwright_NN  Arnold_NP  Wesker_NP  .    
  instead_RR  ,_,  Muggeridge's_PPIO2  appointment_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  the_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  of_IO  Rhodesia_NP  and_CC  Nyasaland_NP  (_(  10.30_MC  \0p.m_RR  )_)  .  
  say_VV0  Granada_NP  \0TV_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  producers_NNS  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  switch_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  topicality_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  affairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Wesker_NP  interview_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  date_NN  .    
  last_DA  night's_NN1$  \0TV_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soldier_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  scared_JJ  .  
  by_IO  Richard_NP  Sear_NP  .  
  actor_NN  Tom_NP  Courtenay_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  outstanding_JJ  success_NN  last_DA  night_NN  in_IO  \0ITV_NP    Private_NNSB1  Potter_NP  ,_,    his_APP$  first_MD  big_JJ  \0TV_NN  part_NN  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  brilliantly-written_JB  essay_NN  on_IO  soldiering_NN  which_DDQ  stated_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  fighting_JJ  man_NN  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  machine_NN  .  
  Potter_NP  screamed_VVD  during_IO  an_AT1  action_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  arrested_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  God_NP    only_RR  the_AT1  padre_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  \0C.O_NNSB1  believed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  Courtenay_NP  played_VVD  the_AT1  part_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  gawky_JJ  ,_,  northern_JJ  defiance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cameras_NNS  played_VVD  continuously_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  craggy_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  and_CC  obstinate_JJ  ,_,  baffled_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  stripped_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  his_APP$  ugly_JJ  battle-dress_NN  ,_,  to_TO  leave_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    Potter_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  frightened_JJ  boy_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  a_AT1  vision_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  were_VBDR  well_RR  chosen_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  James_NP  Maxwell_NP  making_VBG  a_AT1  fine_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sympathetic_JJ  \0C.O_NNSB1  .  
  impossible_JJ  .    no_UH  !_!  
  Paul_NP  Daneman_NP  gave_VVD  another_DD1  first-class_JJ  performance_NN  last_DA  night_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  wartime_NN  naval_JJ  officer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP    the_AT1  little_JJ  key_NN  .    
  the_AT1  play_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  figment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  imagination_NN  which_DDQ  asked_VVD  the_AT1  viewer_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  ghost_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  impossible_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  television_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  clever_JJ  production_NN  by_IO  Michael_NP  Hayes_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  captured_VVD  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  fog_NN  and_CC  mystery_NN  to_IO  great_JJ  effect_NN  .  
    not_XX  fair_JJ    say_VV0  viewers_NNS  .  
  last_DA  night's_NN1$  \0TV_NN  .  
  by_IO  Richard_NP  Sear_NP  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  100_MC  viewers_NNS  complained_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  last_DA  night_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  American_JJ  film_NN  ,_,    Britain_NP    blood_NN  ,_,  sweat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tears_NNS  .  plus_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,    was_VBDZ  anti-British_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  replaced_VVD    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  my_APP$  line_NN  .    and_CC    be_VB0  my_APP$  guest_NN    programmes_NNS  because_IO  of_II  an_AT1  electricians'_NN2  strike_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  Britain_NP  today_NN1  through_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  \0TV_NN  reporter_NN  ,_,  Eric_NP  Sevareid_NP  ,_,  and_CC  British_JJ  personalities_NNS  .  
  among_IO  them_PPHO1    Professor_NNSB1  Dennis_NP  Brogan_NP  ,_,  Shelagh_NP  Delaney_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Alan_NP  Sillitoe_NP  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  covered_VVD  a_AT1  wide_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  ranging_VBG  from_IO  pubs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Eton_NP  wall_NN  game_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  Shelagh_NP  Delaney_NP  and_CC  Alan_NP  Sillitoe_NP  attacked_VVD  education_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  to_IO  reporter_NN  Sevareid_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  strongest_JJT  criticisms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  Britain_NP  was_VBDZ  slipping_VBG  behind_RP  .  .  fine_JJ  classical_JJ  chorus_NN  .  
  imparting_VBG  ritual_JB  significance_NN  .  
  Scala_NP  Theatre_NNL1  :_:  the_AT1  Choephori_NP2  .  
  though_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dimitrios_NP  Rondiris's_PPIO2  ideas_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  material_NN  from_IO  folksong_NN  and_CC  folkdance_NN  in_IO  accommodating_VBG  a_AT1  classical_JJ  chorus_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  stage_NN  had_VHD  some_DD  chances_NNS  of_IO  expression_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  production_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sophocles_NP  Electra_NP  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  real_JJ  test_NN  comes_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  Aeschylian_JJ  equivalent_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Choephori_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  tailpiece_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Eumenides_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  make_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  second_MD  programme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  tragedy_NN  Theatre's_NNL1  season_NN  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  and_CC  active_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Eumenides_NP2  ,_,  than_CS  it_PPH1  ever_RR  is_VBZ  in_IO  Sophocles_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ritual_JB  element_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  drama_NN  ,_,  always_RR  a_AT1  stumbling_NN  block_NN  for_IO  modern_JJ  audiences_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  much_RR  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  play_NN  the_AT1  chorus_NN  are_VBR  embodiments_NNS  of_IO  right_JJ  judgment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  abstract_NN  ,_,  applying_VBG  the_AT1  tests_NNS  of_IO  religion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  situations_NNS  before_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  urging_VBG  the_AT1  characters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  actions_NNS  even_RR  when_CS these_DD2  ,_,  mere_JB  individual_JJ  human_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  torn_VBN  by_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  the_AT1  Furies_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  embodiments_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  vengeance_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  pursues_VBZ  the_AT1  slayer_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  kind_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  slaughter_NN  was_VBDZ  divinely_RR  ordained_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  the_AT1  impersonal_JJ  prophets_NNS  of_IO  universal_JJ  reconciliation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rondiris's_PPIO2  handling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  masterly_JJ  throughout_II  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  Choephori_NP2  they_PPHS2  still_RR  perform_VV0  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  sympathetic_JJ  decor_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  Electra_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  anything_PN1  with_IO  more_DA  subtlety_NN  and_CC  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS their_APP$  measured_JJ  speech_NN  passes_VBZ  over_RP  into_IO  song_NN  the_AT1  tones_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  remotely_RR  but_CCB  unmistakably_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  taught_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  liturgy_NN    the_AT1  readiest_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  imparting_VBG  ritual_JB  significance_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  words_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  audience_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Eumenides_NP2  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  different_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  as_IO  the_AT1  Furies_NP2  pursuing_VBG  Orestes_NP  they_PPHS2  take_VV0  a_AT1  direct_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  thus_RR  required_VBN  to_TO  project_VV0  emotions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  instead_RR  of_IO  merely_RR  reflecting_VBG  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  characters_NNS  .  
  savage_JJ  and_CC  weirdly_RR  masked_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  swirl_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  turbulent_JJ  mass_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  eschewing_VBG  until_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  end_NN  the_AT1  regular_JJ  ,_,  balanced_JJ  compositions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  play_NN  .  
  the_AT1  human_JJ  beings_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  intricate_JJ  working_NN  out_RP  of_IO  divine_JJ  justice_NN  are_VBR  relatively_RR  less_RG  important_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  later_JJ  Greek_JJ  tragedy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  strongly_RR  played_VBN  by_IO  actors_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  already_RR  familiar_JJ  from_IO  Electra_NP  .  
  the_AT1  protagonist_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  plays_NNS  is_VBZ  Orestes_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Veakis_NP  has_VHZ  more_DA  chance_NN  than_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  the_AT1  Sophocles_NP  to_TO  win_VV0  us_PPIO2   over_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  rather_RR  exaggerated_JJ  style_NN  of_IO  acting_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  still_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  succeed_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Electra_NP  and_CC  Clytemnestra_NP  of_IO  this_DD1  earlier_JJ  production_NN  have_VH0  changed_VBN  places_NNS  this_DD1  time_NN  (_(  presumably_RR  so_CS  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Aspassia_NP  Papathanassiou_NP  could_VM  appear_VV0  in_IO  both_DB2  plays_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  Clytemnestra_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  ghost_NN  )_)  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Thalia_NP  Kalliga's_PPIO2  Electra_NP  is_VBZ  as_RG  impressive_JJ  as_IO  her_APP$  Clytemnestra_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  inevitably_RR  Miss_NNSB1  Papathanassiou_NP  with_IO  her_APP$  incandescent_JJ  pallor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  vibrant_JJ  intensity_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stage_NN  presence_NN  seizes_VBZ  our_APP$  attention_NN  every_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  power_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  production_NN  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  curtain_NN  finally_RR  descends_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  harmony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Clytemnestra's_PPIO2  ghost_NN  crying_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  for_IO  vengeance_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  remains_VBZ  most_RG  potently_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  minds_NNS  .  
  fine_JJ  exhibition_NN  of_IO  sporting_NN  prints_NNS  .  
  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  aquatint_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  and_CC  French_JJ  engravings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  and_CC  nineteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  at_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Agnew's_PPIO2  Galleries_NPLS  ,_,  43_MC  ,_,  Old_NP  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  until_IO  July_NN1  8_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  reminder_NN  mainly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  aquatint_NN  though_CS  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  also_RR  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  French_JJ  line-engravings_NNS  after_IO  Moreau_NP  le_&FW  Jeune_NP  from_IO  le_&FW  monument_&FW  de_&FW  costume_&FW  .  
  it_PPH1  represents_VBZ  in_IO  impressions_NNS  of_IO  excellent_JJ  quality_NN  such_DA  famous_JJ  prints_NNS  as_IO  Debucourt's_PPIO2    la_&FW  promenade_&FW  publique_&FW    of_IO  1792_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  view_NN  of_IO  Westminster_NP  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  Abbey_NNL1  engraved_VBN  by_IO  \0D_NP  Havell_NP  after_IO  \0J_NP  Glendall_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  now_RL  rare_JJ  coaching_JJ  subjects_NNS  of_IO  James_NP  Pollard_NP  of_IO  which_DDQ    the_AT1  royal_JJ  mails_NNS  preparing_VBG  to_TO  start_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  1831_MC    (_(  from_IO  the_AT1    swan_NN  with_IO  two_MC  necks_NNS    ,_,  Cheapside_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  a_AT1  notable_JJ  example_NN  .  
  Joseph_NP  Farington_NP  gains_VBZ  from_IO  translation_NN  into_IO  aquatint_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  plates_NNS  from_IO  Boydell's_PPIO2    history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Thames_NP    and_CC  some_DD  interesting_JJ  views_NNS  of_IO  early_JJ  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  Greece_NP  include_VV0  an_AT1  aquatint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Parthenon_NP  (_(  Dodwell-Bennett_NP  )_)  as_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  shortly_RR  after_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Elgin_NP  had_VHD  removed_VBN  the_AT1    marbles_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  sporting_NN  prints_NNS  by_IO  Herring_NP  and_CC  Alken_NP  are_VBR  good_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  always_RR  popular_JJ  genre_NN  .  
  pictorial_JJ  confections_NNS  .  
  closely_RR  alike_JJ  in_IO  style_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  Dietz_NP  Edzard_NP  and_CC  Suzanne_NP  Eisendieck_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  suitably_RR  described_VBN  as_IO    confections_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  sugared_JJ  quality_NN  the_AT1  word_NN  implies_VBZ  pervades_VBZ  the_AT1  current_JJ  exhibition_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Adams_NP  Gallery_NNL1  ,_,  24_MC  ,_,  Davis_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  ,_,  giving_VBG  to_IO  views_NNS  of_IO  Venice_NP  and_CC  Normandy_NP  a_AT1  charm_NN  curiously_RR  remote_JJ  from_IO  reality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idyllic_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  figure_NN  and_CC  landscape_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  artists_NNS  have_VH0  specialized_VBN  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  sweet_JJ  tooth_NN  of_IO  appreciation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  continues_VBZ  until_IO  June_NN1  30_MC  .  
  moral_JJ  earnestness_NN  in_IO  ballet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  climate_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  ballet_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  that_CS  in_IO  considering_VBG  Russian_JJ  ballet_NN  today_NN1  we_PPIS2  start_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  disadvantage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  earnestness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  art_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  guide_NN  and_CC  mentor_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  substructure_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  choreography_NN  ,_,  can_VM  produce_VV0  effects_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  strike_VV0  us_PPIO2   as_CS  naive_JJ  or_CC  old-fashioned_JJ  ;_;  yet_RR  this_DD1  would_VM  not_XX  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  so_RG  important_JJ  were_VBDR  it_PPH1  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  use_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  dance_NN  movement_NN  and_CC  of_IO  performers_NNS  must_VM  necessarily_RR  reflect_VV0  this_DD1  same_DA  feeling_NN  .  
  the_AT1  choreographic_JJ  manner_NN    where_CS the_AT1  hero's_NN1$  leaps_NNS  are_VBR  an_AT1  affirmation_NN  of_IO  faith_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  heroine_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  aloft_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  woman-kind_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  triumphant_JJ  inspiration_NN  and_CC  reward_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  hero's_NN1$  endeavours_NNS    has_VHZ  an_AT1  initial_JJ  excitement_NN  which_DDQ  too_RG  often_RR  declines_VBZ  into_IO  dramatic_JJ  cliche*?2_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  detriment_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  western_JJ  enjoyment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dancing_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  stage_NN  spectacle_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  very_DA  faults_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  stone_NN  flower_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Leningrad_NP  state_NN  Kirov_NP  ballet_NN  opened_VVD  their_APP$  season_NN  at_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plot_NN  tells_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  stone-cutter_NN  ,_,  Danila_NP  ,_,  loving_VBG  a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  Katerina_NP  ,_,  and_CC  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  art_NN  .  
  his_APP$  longing_NN  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  stone_NN  flower_NN  takes_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  magical_JJ  cavern_NN  ,_,  presided_VBN  over_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  Mistress_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  copper_NN  Mountain_NNL1  .  
  there_RL  he_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  the_AT1  secrets_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  craft_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_RL  Katerina_NP  comes_VBZ  at_RR  last_RR  to_TO  fetch_VV0  him_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  Mistress_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Mountain_NNL1  ,_,  who_PNQS reluctantly_RR  lets_VBZ  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  baldly_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  uneven_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  limited_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  ballet_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  departure_NN  from_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  previously_RR  from_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  gone_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  realist_JJ  de*?2cor_NN  ;_;  instead_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  back_JB  drop_NN  rises_VBZ  to_TO  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  various_JJ  changes_NNS  for_IO  scenes_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  otherwise_RR  played_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  bare_JJ  stage_NN  and_CC  with_IO  simple_JJ  black_JJ  wings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  choreography_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  major_JJ  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  Yuri_NP  Grigorovich_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  demonstrates_VBZ  a_AT1  talent_NN  not_XX  as_RR  yet_RR  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  work_NN  .  
  for_IO  Danila_NP  and_CC  Katerina_NP  he_PPHO1  uses_VBZ  a_AT1  free-flowering_JJ  classicism_NN  ,_,  while_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  Mistress_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Mountain_NNL1  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  devised_VBN  a_AT1  quasi-acrobatic_JJ  style_NN  ,_,  sinuous_JJ  ,_,  angular_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  very_RG  brilliant_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  most_RG  successful_JJ  in_IO  adapting_VBG  folk-dancing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  of_IO  peasants_NNS  and_CC  gipsies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  gift_NN  for_IO  movement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  corps_NN  ,_,  dazzling_JJ  ,_,  intricate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  muscular_JJ  brio_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  enormously_RR  effective_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  against_IO  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  set_VV0  scenes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  corps_NN  de_&FW  ballet_NN  of_IO  jewels_NNS  that_PNQS seem_VV0  fidgety_JJ  and_CC  sterile_JJ  exercises_NNS  in_IO  academic_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  lacking_VBG  any_DD  originality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  principals_NNS  are_VBR  admirable_JJ  :_:  as_IO  Danila_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Yuri_NP  Soloviev_NP  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  performance_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  prodigious_JJ  technique_NN  in_IO  leaps_NNS  and_CC  turns_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  partner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  conveys_VBZ  that_DD1  sense_NN  of_IO  dramatic_JJ  conviction_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  disarm_VV0  our_APP$  criticism_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  character_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  fully_RR  explored_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  ballet_NN  .  
  as_IO  Katerina_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Mistress_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Mountain_NNL1  Miss_NNSB1  Alla_NP  Sizova_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Alla_NP  Osipenko_NP  are_VBR  well_RR  contrasted_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Sizova's_PPIO2  warm_JJ  lyrical_JJ  style_NN  matched_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  and_CC  e*?2clat_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Osipenko_NP  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  are_VBR  seen_VBN  best_RBT  in_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  dances_NNS  ;_;  as_IO  peasants_NNS  and_CC  gypsies_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  fair_NN  scene_NN  that_PNQS inevitably_RR  recalls_VBZ  Petrushka_NP  they_PPHS2  show_VV0  just_RR  how_CS much_DA  dramatic_JJ  variety_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  superb_JJ  corps_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1    classical_JJ    sequences_NNS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  only_RR  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  that_PNQS still_RR  exists_VBZ  between_IO  Leningrad_NP  and_CC  Moscow_NP  dancers_NNS  ;_;  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  style_NN  that_PNQS seems_VBZ  nearer_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  more_RG  reserved_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  emotionally_RR  extreme_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  Bolshoi_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Prokofiev_NP  score_NN  ,_,  magnificently_RR  handled_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Niazi_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  adequate_JJ  as_IO  ballet_NN  music_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  first_MD  hearing_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  reveal_VV0  it_PPH1  as_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  as_RG  appealing_JJ  as_IO  Cinderella_NP  .  
  wide_JJ  colour_NN  on_IO  harpsichord_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Silvia_NP  Kind's_PPIO2  recital_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  harpsichord's_NN1$  popularity_NN  ,_,  true_JJ  harpsichordists_NNS  these_DD2  days_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  rare_JJ  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Silvia_NP  Kind_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS played_VVD  a_AT1  varied_JJ  and_CC  consistently_RR  interesting_JJ  programme_NN  at_IO  Wigmore_NP  Hall_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  one_MC1  just_RR  yet_RR  .  
  an_AT1  attack_NN  of_IO  nerves_NNS  in_IO  Bach's_PPIO2  Italian_JJ  concerto_NN  caused_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  outer_JB  movements_NNS  at_IO  perilously_RR  fast_JJ  tempi_NNS  with_IO  scarcely_RR  a_AT1  thought_NN  for_IO  any_DD  detailed_JJ  phrasing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  melodic_JJ  lines_NNS  ;_;  if_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  recital_NN  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  forgiven_VBN  ,_,  her_APP$  reliance_NN  on_IO  colour_NN  effects_NNS  to_TO  underline_VV0  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  music_NN    which_DDQ  unfortunately_RR  persisted_VVD  throughout_IO  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  remainder_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1    most_RG  certainly_RR  could_VM  not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  expressive_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  harpsichord_NN  are_VBR  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  directly_RR  proportionate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  registrations_NNS  it_PPH1  possesses_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  seventeenth-century_JB  programme_NN  pieces_NNS  by_IO  John_NP  Bull_NP  ,_,  Bernardo_NP  Pasquini_NP  and_CC  Alessandro_NP  Poglietti_NP  the_AT1  employment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  per_RR  se_RR  seemed_VVD  appropriate_JJ  enough_RGA  ;_;  in_IO  Mozart_NP  ,_,  however_RR  (_(  the_AT1  Duport_NP  variations_NNS  \0K.573_&FO  )_)  ,_,  such_DA  superficial_JJ  treatment_NN  chopped_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  music_NN  altogether_RR  too_RG  much_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  Bach's_PPIO2  D_ZZ1  major_NN  toccata_NN  bwv_&FO  912_MC  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  Miss_NNSB1  Kind_NP  ended_VVD  her_APP$  recital_NN  ,_,  combined_VVD  some_DD  splendidly_RR  bold_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  declamatory_JJ  playing_NN  with_IO  keen_JJ  perception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work's_NN1$  continuity_NN  and_CC  nobility_NN  of_IO  outline_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  suggested_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Kind_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  much_RR  better_JJ  harpsichordist_NN  than_CS  this_DD1  recital_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  revealed_VVD  .  
  unequal_JJ  support_NN  for_IO  three_MC  authors_NNS  .  
  Webber-Douglas_NP  School_NNL1  :_:  triple_JJ  bill_NN  .  
  thirteen_MC  second-year_JB  students_NNS  appeared_VVD  in_IO  last_DA  night's_NN1$  performance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one's_$  judgment_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  fairer_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  running_NN  order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  reversed_VBN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  their_APP$  failure_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  items_NNS  work_VV0  as_IO  play_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  irritating_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  caused_VVD  one_MC1  to_TO  undervalue_VV0  even_RR  those_DD2  pieces_NNS  of_IO  acting_VBG  which_DDQ  obviously_RR  had_VHD  merit_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Jocelyn_NP  Carney_NP  in_IO  act_NN  1_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  chalk_NN  garden_NN  and_CC  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  players_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  phoenix_NN  too_RG  frequent_JJ  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Amanda_NP  Reeves_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Sonia_NP  Hughes_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Aart_NP  van_&FW  Bergen_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  piece_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dark_JJ  lady_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sonnets_NNS  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  reach_VV0  a_AT1  noticeably_RR  higher_JJ  standard_NN  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Christopher_NP  Fry's_PPIO2  play_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  the_AT1  former_DA  ,_,  consisting_VBG  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gerald_NP  Curtis_NP  (_(  Shakespeare_NP  )_)  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Gabrielle_NP  Griffin_NP  (_(  Queen_NNSB1  Elizabeth_NP  1_MC1  )_)  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Hazel_NP  Prance_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilbert_NP  Sutherland_NP  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  trouble_NN  in_IO  persuading_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  take_VV0  Shaw's_PPIO2  50-year-old_JB  plea_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  theatre_NN  in_IO  excellent_JJ  part_NN  .  
  the_AT1  movement_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Tudor_NP  beefeater_NN  made_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  damning_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  Shakespeare's_PPIO2  play_NN  that_PNQS people_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  making_VBG  of_IO  Shaw's_PPIO2  plays_NNS  in_IO  1910_MC  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  delight_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  prepared_VBN  from_IO  then_RL  onwards_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  accept_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  help_NN  from_IO  Shaw_NP  and_CC  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  give_VV0  so_RG  little_DA  help_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  other_DA  two_MC  authors_NNS  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Enid_NP  Bagnold_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fry_NP  ,_,  looked_VVD  like_IO  weakness_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  student_NN  company_NN  .  
  Zurich_NP  sees_VBZ  two_MC  contrasting_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  Dostoevsky's_PPIO2  crime_NN  and_CC  punishment_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  special_JJ  correspondent_NN  .  
  two_MC  stage_NN  versions_NNS  of_IO  Raskolnikoff_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  presented_VBN  here_RL  in_IO  Zurich_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  June_NN1  festival_NN  .  
  Leopold_NP  Ahlsen's_PPIO2  play_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Schauspielhaus_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  Schlosspark-theater_NP  and_CC  Heinrich_NP  Sutermeister's_PPIO2  opera_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  season's_NN1$  repertory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Stadtheater_NP  .  
  seen_VBN  here_RL  on_IO  consecutive_JJ  days_NNS  these_DD2  two_MC  adaptations_NNS  of_IO  Dostoevsky's_PPIO2  novel_NN  seem_VV0  as_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2    and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  itself_PPX1    as_IO  current_JJ  opinions_NNS  on_IO  crime_NN  and_CC  punishment_NN  are_VBR  sometimes_RR  at_IO  variance_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ahlsen's_PPIO2  play_NN  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  given_VBN  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  title_NN  of_IO    crime_NN  and_CC  detection_NN    ,_,  and_CC  derives_VBZ  much_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  dramatic_JJ  impetus_NN  from_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  thriller_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  deeper_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  psychological_JJ  study_NN  and_CC  draws_VBZ  some_DD  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  ,_,  metaphysical_JJ  ,_,  religious_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  moral_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  under_IO  discussion_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  taking_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  life_NN  .  the_AT1  Thursday_NN1  critics_NNS  .  
  Kenneth_NP  Allsop_NP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  books_NNS  .  
  Behan_NP  bestows_VBZ  an_AT1  accolade_NN  on_IO  Delaney_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  flower_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cultural_JJ  desert_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mid-morning_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  Dublin_NP  Sunday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  streets_NNS  are_VBR  tranquilly_RR  sunny_JJ  and_CC  still_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  mass_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  room_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Anglesey-road_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  congregation_NN  who_PNQS never_RR  actually_RR  got_VBN  to_IO  church_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  who_PNQS are_VBR  gathered_VBN  with_IO  devotion_NN  around_IO  Brendan_NP  Behan_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  brandy_NN  bottle_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  bhoys_NNS  are_VBR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  hallway_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  empties_NNS  ;_;  through_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  hearts_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  ,_,  hopes_NNS  are_VBR  high_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  a_DA  few_DA  amber_JJ  inches_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
  present_JJ  are_VBR  some_DD  hard-core_JB  friends_NNS  of_IO  Brendan_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  listen_VV0  with_IO  many_DA  an_AT1  obliging_JJ  guffaw_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  brandy_NN  owner's_NN1$  solo_JB  swish_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  anecdotal_JJ  roller-coaster_NN  ,_,  with_IO  occasional_JJ  stops_NNS  for_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  \0I.R.A_NP  air_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  Connemara_NP  tear-jerker_NN  .  
  pluckily_RR  .  
  also_RR  present_JJ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  London_NP  journalist_NN  who_PNQS arrived_VVD  two_MC  hours_NNS  earlier_RRR  by_IO  appointment_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  boy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hostage_NN  about_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS is_VBZ  now_RL  being_VBG  pluckily_RR  convivial_JJ  to_TO  fight_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  frustration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  telephone_NN  has_VHZ  rung_VBN  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  calls_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  chums_NNS  sniffing_VBG  the_AT1  wind_NN  and_CC  offering_VBG  to_TO  drop_VV0  by_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  chat_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  Brendan_NP    to_IO  the_AT1  journalist's_NN1$  relief_NN    turns_VBZ  his_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  writing_NN  scene_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  proceeds_VBZ  to_TO  place_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  hierarchy_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  consider_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    a_AT1  cut_NN  above_IO  Evelyn_NP  Waugh_NP  socially_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  cut_NN  above_IO  Nancy_NP  Mitford_NP  artistically_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  cut_NN  above_IO  Frank_NP  Haxell_NP  conversationally_RR  .  
    but_CCB  ,_,    he_PPHO1  continues_VBZ  ,_,    the_AT1  greatest_JJT  is_VBZ  Shelagh_NP  Delaney_NP  .  
  just_RR  because_CS  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  honey_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  in_IO  Salford_NP  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  on_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  limiting_JJ  label_NN  of_IO  working-class_JJ  writer_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  as_RG  bloody_RR  silly_JJ  as_CS  calling_VBG  a_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP  a_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  transport_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  flower_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cultural_JJ  desert_NN  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  me_PPIO1    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  journalist_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  write_VV0  to_TO  entertain_VV0  rather_RR  than_CS  educate_VV0  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  write_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  exceedingly_RR  skint_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  say_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  America_NP  and_CC  do_VD0  some_DD  writing_NN  there_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  free_JJ  place_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  's_VBZ  the_AT1  advantage_NN  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  writing_VBG  about_IO  anyway_RR  .  
    not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  much_DA  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  over_RP  this_DD1  past_JB  two_MC  times_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  with_IO  that_DD1  great_JJ  little_JJ  Irish_JJ  bar_NN  on_IO  Seventh_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  pigsty_NN  ,_,  always_RR  open_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  in_IO  even_RR  faster_JJ  orbit_NN  ,_,  when_CS that_DD1  third_MD  astronaut_NN  went_VVD  up_RP    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  his_APP$  name_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  the_AT1  only_DA  man_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  his_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  preserve_VV0  that_DD1  distinction_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  already_RR  know_VV0  about_IO  Shepard_NP  and_CC  that_DD1  salvation_NN  army_NN  chap_NN  Gagarin_NP    the_AT1  two_MC  biggest_JJT  bores_NNS  since_IO  Cardinal_NNSB1  Newman_NP  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  of_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  hooey_NN  .    
  gravely_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  plunges_VBZ  on_RP  into_IO  reminiscences_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  trips_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  to_TO  recall_VV0  .  
  among_IO  other_DA  incidents_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  banned_VBN  from_IO  New_NP  York's_PPIO2  \0St_NNSB1  Patrick's_PPIO2  day_NN  parade_NN  as_IO  a_AT1    disorderly_JJ  person_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  fight_NN  after_IO  telling_VBG  a_AT1  Canadian_NN1  ,_,  during_IO  a_AT1  chat_NN  about_IO  space-flight_NN  :_:  
    Ireland_NP  will_VM  put_VV0  a_AT1  shillelagh_NN  into_IO  orbit_NN  ,_,  Israel_NP  will_VM  put_VV0  a_AT1  matzo_NN  ball_NN  into_IO  orbit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Lichtenstein_NP  will_VM  put_VV0  a_AT1  postage_NN  stamp_NN  into_IO  orbit_NN  before_CS  you_PPY  Canadians_NP2  put_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  mouse_NN  .    
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  an_AT1  alcoholic_JJ  seizure_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  gravely_RR  ill_JJ  in_IO  hospital_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  diabetic_JJ  and_CC  heart_NN  condition_NN  .  
  his_APP$  return_NN  to_IO  Dublin_NP  was_VBDZ  heralded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  announcement_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    off_IO  the_AT1  gargle_NN    a_AT1  retired_JJ  alcoholic_NN  .    
  since_IO  then_RL  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  heard_VBN  of_IO  often_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  newspapers_NNS    three_MC  times_NNS  up_RP  before_IO  the_AT1  beaks_NNS  for_IO  drunk_JJ  and_CC  disorderly_JJ  conduct_NN  .  
  partially_RR  .  
  less_DA  has_VHZ  been_VBN  heard_VBN  of_IO  Brendan's_PPIO2  work_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  five_MC  years_NNS  since_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  play_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  quare_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  ,_,  three_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  borstal_NN  boy_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  hostage_NN  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  on_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  ,_,  Richard's_PPIO2  cork_NN  leg_NN  ,_,  begun_VBN  18_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  due_JJ  for_IO  presentation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Theatre_NNL1  Royal_NNSB1  ,_,  Stratford_NP  ,_,  last_DA  spring_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  finished_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  book_NN  partially_RR  tape-recorded_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  publishers_NNS  in_IO  March_NN1  of_IO  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  still_RR  a_AT1  skeleton_NN  .  
  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  before_IO  me_PPIO1  now_RL  a_AT1  12,000-word_JB  manuscript_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  planned_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  confessions_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  Irish_JJ  rebel_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  delivered_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  agents_NNS  in_IO  June_NN1  .  
  zestfully_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  begins_VBZ  :_:  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  party_NN  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  Deirdre's_PPIO2  return_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  abortion_NN  in_IO  Bristol_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ribald_JJ  ,_,  funny_JJ  ,_,  brilliantly_RR  observant_JJ  of_IO  character_NN  ,_,  and_CC  authentic_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  draught_NN  porter_NN  .  
  but_CCB  will_VM  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  its_APP$  end_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  scene_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  fragment_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  pub_NN  where_CS the_AT1  author_NN  throws_VBZ  a_AT1  *+10_NNU  note_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  and_CC  orders_VBZ  a_AT1  round_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  pals_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  whom_WPO  cries_VBZ  :_:  
    now_RL  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  the_AT1  great_JJ  sport_NN  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  Brendan_NP  Behan_NP  !_!    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  apparently_RR  praise_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  still_RR  so_RG  important_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  lets_VBZ  his_APP$  talent_NN  drown_VV0    for_CS  not_XX  very_RG  deep_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  histrionics_NNS  of_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  zest_NN  for_IO  life_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  fear_NN  of_IO  living_NN  .  
  books_NNS  in_IO  brief_JJ  .  
  Stephen_NP  Morris_NP  ,_,  by_IO  Nevil_NP  Shute_NP  (_(  Heinemann_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  first_MD  attempt_NN  at_IO  novel_NN  writing_NN    two_MC  unpublished_JJ  stories_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  '20s_MC2    is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  work_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Nevil_NP  Shute_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  interest_VV0  devotees_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  accurate_JJ  flying-lore_NN  and_CC  natural_JJ  story-telling_NN  skill_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  creaky_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  apprenticeship_NN  .  
  \0L_NP  \0S_NP  Lowry_NP  (_(  Studio_NP  books_NNS  ,_,  21_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  painters_NNS  of_IO  today_NN1  series_NN  issues_VBZ  this_DD1  attractive_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  fascinating_JJ  artist_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  today_NN1    the_AT1  Lancastrian_NN1  who_PNQS does_VBZ  those_DD2  vivid_JJ  crowded_JJ  dream_NN  pictures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  warm_JJ  and_CC  illuminating_JJ  monograph_NN  by_IO  Mervyn_NP  Levy_NP  .  
  pull_VV0  my_APP$  daisy_NN  (_(  Evergreen_NP  books_NNS  ,_,  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  .  
  Jack_NP  Kerouac's_PPIO2  ad-libbed_JJ  text_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  beat_JJ  film_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  Bowery_NP  flat_NN  by_IO  Robert_NP  Frank_NP  and_CC  Alfred_NP  Leslie_NP  ,_,  with_IO  stills_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  strolling_JJ  players_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  Allen_NP  Ginsberg_NP  and_CC  Gregory_NP  Corso_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  reads_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  demented_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  litany_NN    the_AT1  American_JJ  free-livers_NNS  doing_VBG  what_DDQ  comes_VBZ  naturally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  beat_NN  between_IO  their_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
  Eve_NP  Perrick_NP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  la_&FW  Lollo_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  hockey_NN  girl_NN  bully-off_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  happy_JJ  to_TO  report_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  something_PN1  this_DD1  week_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  before_II  witnessed_VBN  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  pictures_NNS  or_CC  outside_RP    a_AT1  budgerigar_NN  playing_VBG  a_AT1  drunk_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  and_CC  playing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  perfect_JJ  timing_NN  and_CC  technique_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  one_MC1  loud_JJ  ,_,  clear_JJ  hiccup_NN  and_CC  falls_VBZ  flat_JJ  on_IO  its_APP$  back_NN  .  
  this_DD1  brilliant_JJ  budge_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  may_VM  add_VV0  ,_,  gets_VBZ  no_AT1  credit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  list_NN  of_IO  come_VV0  September_NN1  (_(  Odeon_NP  ,_,  Leicester-square_NP  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  either_LE  using_VBG  a_AT1  stand-in_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  stunt_NN  stuff_NN  or_CC  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  more_RG  pushful_JJ  personal_JJ  manager_NN  .  
  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  talented_JJ  feathered_JJ  friend_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  good_JJ  thing_NN  (_(  although_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  original_JJ  touch_NN  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  better-than-average_JB  glossy_JJ  comedy_NN  ,_,  Hollywood-styled_JJ  ,_,  European_JJ  set_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shot_VBN  in_IO  and_CC  around_IO  the_AT1  sun-terrace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Splendido_NP  (_(  renamed_VBN  the_AT1  Dolce_NP  Vista_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  )_)  in_IO  Portofino_NP    and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  better_JJ  view_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  had_VHN  from_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  comfortable_JJ  vantage_NN  point_NN  anywhere_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  nighties_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  parades_VBZ  Gina_NP  Lollobrigida_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  neglige*?2e-and-nightie_JB  ensembles_NNS  not_XX  too_RG  well_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  sleeping_VBG  in_IO  ,_,  and_CC  Rock_NP  Hudson_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shining_JJ  silver_JJ  Rolls-Royce_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  American_JJ  millionaire_NN  who_PNQS spends_VBZ  each_DD1  September_NN1  in_IO  his_APP$  Italian_JJ  villa_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  Signorina_NNSB1  Lollobrigida_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  holiday_NN  seasonal_JJ  months_NNS  before_IO  and_CC  after_IO  this_DD1  annual_JJ  idyll_NN  his_APP$  major-domo_NN  (_(  Walter_NP  Slezak_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  most_RG  nauseating_JJ  )_)  turns_VBZ  the_AT1  palazzo_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  luxury_NN  hotel_NN  .  
  inevitably_RR  there_EX  comes_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  suddenly_RR  breaks_VBZ  with_IO  tradition_NN  and_CC  arrives_VBZ  there_RL  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  when_CS ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  inevitably_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  place_NN  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  American_JJ  teenagers_NNS  on_IO  an_AT1  escorted_JJ  tour_NN  .  
  result_NN  :_:  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  and_CC  lady_NN  love_NN  Lollo_NP  find_VV0  themselves_PPX2  playing_VBG  chaperon_NN  (_(  Brenda_NP  de_&FW  Banzie_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  official_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  has_VHZ  broken_VBN  a_AT1  leg_NN  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  just_RR  been_VBN  joined_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  jeep-load_NN  of_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  hereabouts_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  budge_NN  takes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  bottle_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  through_IO  boredom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  funny_JJ  enough_RGA  in_IO  places_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  a_AT1  line_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  painful_JJ  home_NN1  truths_NNS  thrown_VBN  in_RP  .  
  goodies_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  like_IO  an_AT1  adult_NN  ,_,    screams_VBZ  Gina_NP  ,_,  walking_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  failed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  honest_JJ  woman_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  how_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  into_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  trouble_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  35_MC  ,_,    says_VBZ  Bobby_NP  Darin_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  spokesman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jeans-and-jeep_JB  brigadiers_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  scheming_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  old_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  solid_JJ  Rock_NP  .  
    how_CS many_DA  hills_NNS  can_VM  he_PPHO1  take_VV0  .    
  of_RR  course_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  can_VM  take_VV0  one_MC1  more_DA  hill_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  youngsters_NNS  .  
  so_RR  all_DB  ends_VBZ  as_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  will_VM  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  romancers_NNS  respectably_RR  wed_VBN  and_CC  Master_NNSB1  Darin_NP  going_VBG  steady_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  delectable_JJ  Sandra_NP  Dee_NP  (_(  to_IO  whom_WPO  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  married_VBN  in_IO  real_JJ  life_NN  )_)  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Dee_NP  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  who_PNQS keeps_VBZ  turning_VBG  up_RP  as_IO  the_AT1  typical_JJ  teenager_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1    good_JJ  girl_NN    parts_NNS  (_(  Tuesday_NN1  Weld_NP  gets_VBZ  the_AT1    bad_JJ  girl_NN    ones_CD1S  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  quite_DA  an_AT1  accomplished_JJ  actress_NN  .  
  studies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  marriage-go-round_NN  (_(  Carlton_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  comedy_NN  of_IO  manners_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  fun-films_NNS  toting_VBG  an_AT1  X_ZZ1  certificate_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  look-out_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  jokes_NNS  about_IO  sex_NN  (_(  what_DDQ  else_RR  would_VM  they_PPHS2  joke_VV0  about_IO  with_IO  an_AT1  X_ZZ1  .  )_)  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  witty_JJ  ,_,  verbal_JJ  variety_NN  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  visual_JJ  slapstick_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  only_RR  one_MC1  gag_NN    that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gladiator_NN  (_(  female_JJ  ,_,  7_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,    stacked_JJ    and_CC  Scandinavian_JJ  )_)  into_IO  the_AT1  cosy_JJ  but_CCB  unbelievably_RR  elegant_JJ  household_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  married_JJ  college_NN  professors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  girl_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  knock-out_NN  (_(  see_VV0  picture_NN  of_IO  Julie_NP  Newmar_NP  for_IO  confirmation_NN  )_)  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  has_VHZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  mission_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  ,_,    younger_JJ  ,_,  prettier_JJ  ,_,  stronger_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  intelligent_JJ    than_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  (_(  as_CS  she_PPHO1  soon_RR  tells_VBZ  her_PPHO1  )_)  ,_,  wants_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  baby_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  chosen_VBN  the_AT1  husband_NN  (_(  James_NP  Mason_NP  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  an_AT1  academic_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  Nobel_NP  prize-winning_JJ  father_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  big_JJ  Daddy_NNSB1  .  
  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  situation_NN  calls_VBZ  for_IO  some_DD  subtle_JJ  ,_,  slightly_RR  sardonic_JJ  handling_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  marriage-go-round_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  from_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  institutes_NNS  of_IO  advanced_JJ  studies_NNS  attached_VBN  to_IO  some_DD  American_JJ  universities_NNS  the_AT1  subject_NN  social_JJ  psychology_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  home-making_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  known_VBN  as_IO  domestic_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  Susan_NP  Hayward_NP  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  wife_NN  sharply_RR  and_CC  sweetly_RR  .  
  Mason_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  good_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  glower_NN  .  
  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Newmar_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  stunner_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  script_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  once_RR  captain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  hockey_NN  team_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  school_NN  .  
  so_RR  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  .  
  essays_NNS  .  
  il_&FW  grido_&FW  (_(  the_AT1  cry_NN  )_)    Paris_NP  Pullman_NP    is_VBZ  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  essay_NN  in_IO  atmospheric_JJ  meandering_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  l'Avventura_&FW  man_NN  ,_,  Michelangelo_NP  Antonioni_NP  .  
  in_IO  it_PPH1  Steve_NP  Cochran_NP  ,_,  deserted_VBN  by_IO  Alida_NP  Valli_NP  ,_,  roams_VBZ  the_AT1  Pontine_NP  Marshes_NPLS  ,_,  alternately_RR  enjoying_VBG  the_AT1  hospitality_NN  of_IO  three_MC  lonely_JJ  ,_,  sex-starved_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  before_IO  returning_VBG  home_NN1  .  
  whereupon_CS  he_PPHO1  climbs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sugar-beet_NN  refinery_NN  ,_,  suffers_VBZ  an_AT1  unexplained_JJ  attack_NN  of_IO  vertigo_NN  and_CC  falls_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  masterpiece_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  would_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Thursday_NN1  critics_NNS  .  
  Kenneth_NP  Allsop_NP  .  
  did_VDD  the_AT1  electric_JJ  chair_NN  fully_RR  avenge_VV0  this_DD1  baby's_NN1$  murder_NN  .  
  now_RL  new_JJ  doubts_NNS  are_VBR  raised_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  notorious_JJ  kidnapping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  March_NN1  evening_NN  in_IO  1932_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  Jersey_NP  family_NN  household_NN  the_AT1  nursemaid_NN  tiptoed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  room_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  20-month-old_JB  Charles_NP  \0Jun_JJ  was_VBDZ  sleeping_VBG  .  
  bending_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  cot_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  realised_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  breathing_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thrust_VVD  out_RP  her_APP$  hand_NN    and_CC  felt_VVD  emptiness_NN  .  
  national_JJ  agony_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  father_NN  gripping_VBG  a_AT1  loaded_JJ  rifle_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  :_:  
    Anne_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  stolen_VBN  our_APP$  baby_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  their_APP$  baby_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  America's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  grief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  parents_NNS  became_VVD  a_AT1  national_JJ  agony_NN  that_PNQS erupted_VVD  into_IO  hysteria_NN  when_CS nine_MC  weeks_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  child_NN  of_IO  Charles_NP  Lindbergh_NP  ,_,  hero_NN  aviator_NN  and_CC  golden_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  murdered_JJ  .  
  kidnap_NN  ,_,  by_IO  George_NP  Waller_NP  (_(  out_RP  today_NN1  ,_,  Hamish_NP  Hamilton_NP  30_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  painstaking_JJ  ,_,  meticulous_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  notorious_JJ  and_CC  publicised_JJ  crime_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  30's_MC2  .  
  the_AT1  plain_JJ  ,_,  sober_JJ  manner_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  style_NN  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  tellingly_RR  points_VBZ  up_RP  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  horror_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  which_DDQ  floundered_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  electrocution_NN  four_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  of_IO  a_AT1  German-born_JJ  Bronx_NP  carpenter_NN  named_VBN  Bruno_NP  Richard_NP  Hauptmann_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  the_AT1  raree-show_NN  emotionalism_NN  and_CC  sensation-hunger_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  era_NN  .  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Tate_NP  .  
  vigour_NN  and_CC  decay_NN  .  
  by_IO  David_NP  Sylvester_NP  .  
  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  paintings_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  by_IO  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  ,_,  organised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  council_NN  ,_,  opened_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Tate_NP  Gallery_NNL1  on_IO  Friday_NN1  .  
  Lautrec's_PPIO2  liking_NN  for_IO  whores_NNS  and_CC  dancers_NNS  and_CC  singers_NNS  and_CC  acrobats_NNS  as_IO  subjects_NNS  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  commonplace_JJ  taste_NN  among_IO  artists_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  singular_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  that_CS  no_AT1  other_DA  artist_NN  ,_,  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  ,_,  has_VHZ  painted_VBN  them_PPHO1  so_RG  directly_RR  ,_,  intimately_RR  and_CC  pertinently_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_IO  symbols_NNS  ,_,  pegs_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  moral_JJ  or_CC  aesthetic_JJ  attitude_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  Picasso_NP  does_VBZ  (_(  to_TO  take_VV0  one_MC1  example_NN  among_IO  many_DA  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  look_VV0  ,_,  like_IO  Degas_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  dancers_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  interchangeable_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  laundrywomen_NNS    the_AT1  same_DA  breed_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  gestures_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  and_CC  also_RR  for_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .  
  the_AT1  artist_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  obsessions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  explained_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  his_APP$  extreme_JJ  personal_JJ  involvement_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  artists_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  necessarily_RR  bring_VV0  the_AT1  deepest_JJT  obsessions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  life_NN  into_IO  their_APP$  art_NN    not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  direct_JJ  way_NN  .  
  a_AT1  poet_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  drunk_JJ  does_VBZ  n't_XX  necessarily_RR  write_VV0  odes_NNS  to_IO  Bacchus_NP  .  
  a_AT1  painter_NN  who_PNQS loves_VBZ  whores_NNS  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  paint_VV0  whores_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  express_VV0  in_IO  art_NN  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  himself_PPX1  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  him_PPHO1  love_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  this_DD1  better_RRR  by_IO  painting_VBG  duchesses_NNS  or_CC  cats_NNS  or_CC  velvet-curtained_JJ  rooms_NNS  .  
  in_IO  painting_VBG  whores_NNS  and_CC  entertainers_NNS  ,_,  Lautrec_NP  was_VBDZ  choosing_VBG  to_TO  paint_VV0  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  body_NN  is_VBZ  their_APP$  fortune_NN  .  
  his_APP$  own_DA  body_NN  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  misfortune_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  felt_VBN  this_DD1  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  poignantly_RR  for_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  been_VBN  a_AT1  cripple_NN  from_IO  birth_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  ,_,  fourteen_MC  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  acquired_VBN  some_DD  relish_NN  in_IO  using_VBG  his_APP$  body_NN  ,_,  in_IO  riding_NN  and_CC  shooting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  suffered_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  from_IO  knowing_VBG  what_DDQ  a_AT1  monster_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  uselessness_NN  to_IO  himself_PPX1  of_IO  his_APP$  distorted_JJ  body_NN  .  
  this_DD1  perhaps_RR  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  fascination_NN  with_IO  bodies_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  agile_JJ  ,_,  bodies_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  bodies_NNS  that_CS  others_DA2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  to_TO  reassure_VV0  himself_PPX1  about_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  deformity_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  consciousness_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  bodies_NNS  also_RR  would_VM  in_IO  time_NN  become_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  his_PP$  had_VHD  ,_,  useless_JJ  and_CC  hideous_JJ  and_CC  unwanted_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  become_VV0  so_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  exploitation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  desirability_NN  .  
  Lautrec's_PPIO2  vision_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  women_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  some_DD  such_DA  ambivalence_NN  as_IO  this_DD1  :_:  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  celebration_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  easy_JJ  animal_JJ  vigour_NN  and_CC  grace_NN  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  celebration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  too_RR  would_VM  fall_VV0  into_IO  decrepitude_NN  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  decay_NN  that_PNQS Lautrec_NP  presents_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  an_AT1  intimation_NN  of_IO  decay_NN  .  
  partaking_VBG  of_IO  vitality_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  at_IO  all_DB  Swiftian_JJ  about_IO  women_NNS  :_:  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  ,_,  getting_VBG  close_RR  ,_,  rejoice_VV0  in_IO  recoiling_VBG  from_IO  their_APP$  enlarged_JJ  pores_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  them_PPHO1  as_CS  desirable_JJ    not_XX  glamourised_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  desirable_JJ  as_CS  women_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  .  
  his_APP$  women_NNS  are_VBR  excitingly_RR  depraved_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  n't_XX  sick_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  anything_RR  but_RR  sick_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  convey_VV0  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  well-being_NN  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  drawn_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  longing_NN  to_TO  share_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  well-being_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  painter_NN  ,_,  by_IO  transmitting_VBG  to_IO  canvas_NN  the_AT1  tautness_NN  and_CC  flexibility_NN  and_CC  plasticity_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  limbs_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  by_IO  this_DD1  somehow_RR  partaking_VBG  of_IO  their_APP$  vitality_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  moralist_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ;_;  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  use_VV0  art_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  revenge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  expressionist_NN  ,_,  inflicting_VBG  (_(  like_IO  those_DD2  central_JJ  European_JJ  artists_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  borrowed_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  style_NN  and_CC  iconography_NN  )_)  upon_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  whores_NNS  an_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  inner_JB  corruption_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  their_APP$  bodies_NNS  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  supposed_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  souls_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  them_PPHO1  in_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  ambiguity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  beautiful_JJ  vitality_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  decay_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  transition_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  artist_NN  he_PPHO1  resembles_VBZ  most_RG  closely_RR  in_IO  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  Watteau_NP  .  
  Watteau_NP  ,_,  dangerously_RR  delicate_JJ  in_IO  health_NN  ,_,  paints_VBZ  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  death_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  surely_RR  present_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  those_DD2  medieval_JJ  images_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  skeletons_NNS  dance_VV0  among_IO  the_AT1  ladies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  .  
  Lautrec_NP  ,_,  misshapen_JJ  and_CC  useless_JJ  ,_,  paints_VBZ  the_AT1  agile_JJ  and_CC  usable_JJ  bodies_NNS  of_IO  women_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  well_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  being_VBG  used-up_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  transience_NN  of_IO  youth_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  common_JJ  theme_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Lautrec_NP  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  Watteau_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  truly_RR  tragic_JJ  artist_NN  in_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  communicates_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  certainty_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  how_CS much_DA  there_EX  is_VBZ  to_TO  lose_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  arts_NNS  council_NN  show_NN  of_IO  paintings_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Tate_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  major_JJ  exhibition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  Museum_NNL1  at_IO  Albi_NP  ,_,  France_NP  ,_,  plus_IO  a_AT1  score_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  collections_NNS  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Albi_NP  contribution_NN  ,_,  helped_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jeffress's_PPIO2  portrait_NN  of_IO  Emile_NP  Bernard_NP  ,_,  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  representation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  work_NN  as_RG  strong_JJ  as_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  wished_VBN  :_:  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  how_CS his_APP$  art_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  wonderfully_RR  sure_JJ  grasp_NN  of_IO  form_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  round_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  notable_JJ  drawings_NNS  and_CC  sketches_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  of_IO  his_APP$  finest_JJT  paintings_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  galleries_NNS  .  
  brave_JJ  new_JJ  age_NN  of_IO  bronze_NN  .  
  by_IO  Nevile_NP  Wallis_NP  .  
  Rodin's_PPIO2  ghost_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  laid_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_DD1  old_JJ  master's_NN1$  energy_NN  and_CC  rugged_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  his_APP$  aspirations_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  influenced_VBN  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  conspicuous_JJ  sculptors_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN  :_:  Ralph_NP  Brown_NP  (_(  Leicester_NP  Galleries_NPLS  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  American_JJ  Jack_NP  Zajac_NP  (_(  Roland_NP  ,_,  Browse's_PPIO2  )_)  .  
  Ralph_NP  Brown_NP  began_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  realist_JJ  sculptor_NN  infusing_VBG  tenderness_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  gawky_JJ  mother_NN  fondling_VBG  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  infant_NN  bowling_VBG  a_AT1  hoop_NN  .  
  his_APP$  responsiveness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  earthy_JJ  human_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  often_RR  in_IO  turning_VBG  or_CC  more_RG  lively_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  well_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  swing_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adolescent_JJ  girl_NN  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  fine_JJ  figure_NN  drawings_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  recently_RR  his_APP$  sculptural_JJ  conceptions_NNS  ,_,  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  ciment_&FW  fondu_&FW  for_IO  bronze_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  become_VBN  more_RG  complex_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  search_NN  now_RL  is_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  metaphor_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  preserving_VBG  the_AT1  human_JJ  attributes_NNS  in_IO  out-thrust_JJ  scrawny_JJ  limbs_NNS  and_CC  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  ribbed_JJ  torso_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  images_NNS  also_RR  resemble_VV0  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  trees_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  his_APP$  forms_NNS  have_VH0  become_VBN  bunched_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  knobbly_JJ  casing_NN  and_CC  clefts_NNS  hard_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  anatomically_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  lean_JJ  stumpy_JJ  extremities_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  works_VBZ  well_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  fluid_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  swimmers_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  whole_JJ  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  their_APP$  gliding_JJ  motion_NN  or_CC  contortions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  work_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  protrusions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trunks_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  humanistic_JJ  standing_JJ  figures_NNS  .  
  Henry_NP  Moore's_PPIO2  stylisation_NN  is_VBZ  entirely_RR  consistent_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  recognises_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  twist_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  worn_JJ  ridged_JJ  pebble_NN  has_VHZ  suggested_VBN  the_AT1  bony_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  figure_NN  as_CS  timeless_JJ  .  
  Brown's_PPIO2  distortions_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  seem_VV0  superimposed_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  anatomical_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  statue_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  first_MD  impression_NN  of_IO  brute_JB  strength_NN  yields_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  uncertain_JJ  architecture_NN  and_CC  even_RR  pretentiousness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  synthesis_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  metaphor_NN  for_IO  tough_JJ  masculinity_NN  ,_,  continues_VBZ  .  
  Brown_NP  is_VBZ  happiest_JJT  here_RL  in_IO  recent_JJ  reliefs_NNS  as_RG  sensitive_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  shapes_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  swimmers_NNS  surfacing_VBG  .  
  whereas_CS  Brown_NP  gropes_VBZ  ambitiously_RR  and_CC  often_RR  clumsily_RR  ,_,  Jack_NP  Zajac_NP  seems_VBZ  perfectly_RR  assured_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  young_JJ  sculptor_NN  from_IO  Ohio_NP  has_VHZ  worked_VBN  in_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  exuberant_JJ  baroque_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  prancing_JJ  hybrid_NN  figures_VBZ  is_VBZ  as_RG  clearly_RR  Italianate_JJ  as_CS  his_APP$  rugged_JJ  porters_NNS  are_VBR  Rodinesque_JJ  .  
  Italy_NP  has_VHZ  moulded_VBN  the_AT1  elegance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  bronze_NN  forms_NNS  ,_,  elegantly_RR  mannered_JJ  even_RR  when_CS the_AT1  theme_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  violent_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  sacrificial_JJ  goat_NN  trapped_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  stake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  volumes_NNS  and_CC  agitated_JJ  silhouettes_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  Easter_NP  goat_NN  series_NN  are_VBR  always_RR  expressive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  drama_NN  of_IO  imminent_JJ  death_NN  reaches_VBZ  its_APP$  climax_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cruciform_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beast_NN  with_IO  rearing_JJ  neck_NN  and_CC  spreadeagled_JJ  legs_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  goad_NN  .  
  one_MC1  admires_VBZ  the_AT1  inventive_JJ  interplay_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  ,_,  tusky_JJ  forms_NNS  and_CC  vulnerable_JJ  belly_NN  without_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  moved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  torture_NN  .  
  aplomb_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  cooling_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  more_RG  mature_JJ  than_IO  either_LE  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  certainty_NN  of_IO  architectonic_JJ  design_NN  still_RR  denied_VBN  to_IO  Brown_NP  ,_,  \0F_NP  \0E_NP  McWilliam_NP  held_VVD  me_PPIO1  longest_JJT  with_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  bronzes_NNS  sparely_RR  arranged_VBN  at_IO  Waddington's_PPIO2  galleries_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  unsympathetic_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  surrealist_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  dismembered_VBN  and_CC  reassembled_VBN  ,_,  their_APP$  capriciousness_NN  masking_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  reflectiveness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  from_IO  these_DD2  carvings_NNS  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  metal_NN  totem_NN  figures_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  aloof_JJ  ,_,  highly_RR  wrought_JJ  effigies_NNS  standing_VBG  here_RL  as_IO  a_AT1  reminder_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  more_RG  recent_JJ  shield-like_JJ  emblems_NNS  or_CC  icons_NNS  yield_VV0  their_APP$  dark_JJ  spell_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  demonstrativeness_NN  of_IO  Paolozzi's_PPIO2  encrusted_JJ  objects_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  deliberately_RR  frontal_JJ  in_IO  aspect_NN  .  
  their_APP$  intricately_RR  textured_VBN  and_CC  symbolic_JJ  relief_NN  sometimes_RR  appears_VBZ  positive_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  ,_,  negative_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  surface_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mood_NN  is_VBZ  equivocal_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  capricious_JJ  in_IO  small_JJ  variations_NNS  of_IO  cult_NN  objects_NNS  ,_,  contemplative_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  large_JJ  bronzes_NNS  .  
  McWilliam_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  unconscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  distinction_NN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  appeal_NN  is_VBZ  to_IO  different_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  consciousness_NN  .  
  a_AT1  trinity_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  communes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  hollow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  saucer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  beacon_NN  seen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  becomes_VBZ  transfigured_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  ominous_JJ  signal-cum-lookout_NN  post_NN  .  
  a_AT1  Corinthian_JJ  helmet_NN  inspires_VBZ  an_AT1  exploration_NN  of_IO  hollow_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  inscrutable_JJ  menace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visor_NN  still_RR  preserved_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  personality_NN  is_VBZ  impressed_VBN  on_IO  every_AT1  delphic_JJ  image_NN  .  
  how_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  Celtic_JJ  mystery_NN  and_CC  individual_JJ  beauty_NN  can_VM  coalesce_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  flaky_JJ  ,_,  metal_NN  shield_NN  on_IO  prongs_NNS  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  in_IO  simple_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  simplest_JJT  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  McWilliam's_PPIO2  restless_JJ  fancy_NN  has_VHZ  found_VBN  fulfilment_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  most_RG  satisfying_JJ  sculptures_NNS  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  the_AT1  supremacy_NN  of_IO  personality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  characters_NNS  of_IO  love_NN  .  by_IO  John_NP  Bayley_NP  .  (_(  Constable_NP  .  21_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  by_IO  Philip_NP  Toynbee_NP  .  
  the_AT1  ambiguous_JJ  title_NN  reveals_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  meaning_NN  .  
    love_NN  ,_,    writes_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  the_AT1  potentiality_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  which_DDQ  keeps_VBZ  them_PPHO1  most_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .    
  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  writing_VBG  of_IO  his_APP$  reasons_NNS  for_IO  choosing_VBG    Troilus_NP  and_CC  Criseyde_NP  ,_,      Othello_NP    and_CC    the_AT1  golden_JJ  bowl_NN    to_TO  illustrate_VV0  his_APP$  thesis_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  this_DD1  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:    *"_*'  
  their_APP$  achievement_NN  becomes_VBZ  more_RG  impressive_JJ  and_CC  their_APP$  status_NN  more_RG  clear_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  how_CS decisive_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  conflict_NN  of_IO  sympathies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  conflict_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  set_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  an_AT1  opposition_NN  of_IO  characters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  kind_NN  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  love_NN  is_VBZ  secondary_JJ  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley's_PPIO2  main_JB  purpose_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  vindicate_VV0  his_APP$  faith_NN  in_IO    the_AT1  supremacy_NN  of_IO  personality_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  literature_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  theme_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  familiar_JJ  .  
  countless_JJ  old_JJ  Dickensian_JJ  hacks_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  bemoaning_VBG  Pickwick_NP  and_CC  Micawber_NP  ever_RR  since_CS  novelists_NNS  and_CC  critics_NNS  first_RR  began_VVD  their_APP$  resolute_JJ  march_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  point_NN  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley's_PPIO2  book_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  critical_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  importance_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  intelligence_NN  and_CC  deep_JJ  reading_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  very_RG  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  against_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  literal_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  reactionary_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  reacting_VBG  with_IO  passion_NN  and_CC  intellect_NN  against_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  criticism_NN  and_CC  modern_JJ  fictional_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  summarise_VV0  the_AT1  long_JJ  chapters_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley_NP  has_VHZ  investigated_VBN  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  illustrations_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  theme_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  allow_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  where_CS possible_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  of_IO  Chaucer's_PPIO2  poem_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  origins_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  this_DD1  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:    *"_*'  
  all_DB  these_DD2  (_(  qualities_NNS  in_IO  Boccaccio_NP  )_)  Chaucer_NP  modifies_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  ,_,  throwing_VBG  round_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  haze_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  atypical_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  individual_JJ  .  
  whereas_CS  everything_PN1  in_IO  Boccaccio_NP  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  ,_,  elegant_JJ  and_CC  general_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  Chaucer_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  muted_JJ  ,_,  peculiar_JJ  ,_,  full_JJ  of_IO  objects_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  unexpected_JJ  and_CC  yet_RR  oddly_RR  characteristic_JJ  .  **"_**'  
    Othello_NP  ,_,    for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley_NP  ,_,    has_VHZ  a_AT1  subtle_JJ  and_CC  singular_JJ  function_NN  ,_,  unique_JJ  among_IO  Shakespeare's_PPIO2  plays_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  peculiar_JJ  blend_NN  of_IO  effect_NN  reminds_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .  of_IO  the_AT1  novel_NN  .    
  and_CC  against_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  hostile_JJ  critics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  the_AT1  false_JJ  premise_NN  of_IO  supposing_VBG    that_CS  the_AT1  great_JJ  play_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  impersonal_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  quirks_NNS  and_CC  undercurrents_NNS  of_IO  individual_JJ  psychology_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  swallowed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  grand_JJ  tragic_JJ  generality_NN  .    
  as_IO  for_II    the_AT1  golden_JJ  bowl_NN  ,_,    among_IO  many_DA  other_DA  personalising_JJ  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bayley_NP  praises_VBZ  the_AT1  novel_NN  because_CS  :_:    *"_*'  
  not_XX  only_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  personal_JJ  appearance_NN  and_CC  of_IO  town_NN  and_CC  country_NN  landscape_NN  selected_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  vividness_NN  and_CC  subtlety_NN  unmatched_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  James_NP  canon_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  physical_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  life_NN  is_VBZ  recorded_VBN  with_IO  unique_JJ  emphasis_NN  .  **"_**'  book_NN  reviews_NNS  .  
  Raglan's_PPIO2  sorry_JJ  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Crimea_NP  .  
  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Raglan_NP  :_:  a_AT1  tragedy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Crimean_JJ  war_NN  .  by_IO  Christopher_NP  Hibbert_NP  .  (_(  Longmans_NP  .  30_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  by_IO  Raymond_NP  Mortimer_NP  .  
  there_EX  never_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Crimean_JJ  war_NN  :_:  the_AT1  whole_JJ  story_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  invention_NN  of_IO  some_DD  satirist_NN  frantic_JJ  with_IO  hatred_NN  for_IO  warfare_NN  and_CC  aristocracy_NN  .  
  so_RR  at_RR  least_RR  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  more_RG  strongly_RR  than_CS  ever_RR  when_CS reading_VBG  the_AT1  book_NN  under_IO  review_NN  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hibbert_NP  denounces_VBZ  our_APP$  government_NN  for_IO  feebly_RR  drifting_VBG  into_IO  so_RG  unnecessary_JJ  a_AT1  war_NN  :_:  his_APP$  account_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  origins_NNS  is_VBZ  restricted_VBN  to_IO  three_MC  colourless_JJ  pages_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  historian_NN  concerned_VBN  only_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  conduct_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  that_PNQS emerges_VBZ  is_VBZ  often_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  too_RG  horrid_JJ  to_TO  seem_VV0  credible_JJ  .  
  to_TO  vindicate_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Raglan_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Commander-in-Chief_NNSB1  ,_,  is_VBZ  his_APP$  purpose_NN    as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Kinglake's_PPIO2  ;_;  but_CCB  Kinglake_NP  was_VBDZ  animated_VBN  also_RR  with_IO  hatred_NN  of_IO  Napoleon_NP  3_MC  ,_,  with_IO  whose_PNQV$  mistress_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  ;_;  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hibbert_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  biased_VBN  by_IO  frustrated_JJ  desire_NN  .  
  his_APP$  book_NN  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  trustworthy_JJ  account_NN  yet_RR  written_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  Crimean_JJ  campaign_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  upon_IO  vast_JJ  research_NN  into_IO  unpublished_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  Raglan_NP  papers_NNS  but_CCB  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  letters_NNS  from_IO  obscure_JJ  fighting_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  quotes_VBZ  also_RR  from_IO  Russian_JJ  books_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  translated_VBN  .  
  cowardly_JJ  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  battles_NNS  are_VBR  described_VBN  in_IO  great_JJ  detail_NN  and_CC  illustrated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  plans_NNS    rectangles_NNS  showing_VBG  troop-positions_NNS  among_IO  vermiculated_JJ  hills_NNS  .  
  readers_NNS  who_PNQS share_VV0  my_APP$  distrust_NN  of_IO  such_DA  tactical_JJ  exegesis_NN  must_VM  not_XX  skip_VV0  the_AT1  superb_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  Inkerman_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  hand-to-hand_JB  tussles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fog_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  the_AT1  author_NN  throws_VBZ  little_DA  light_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  departments_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  with_IO  their_APP$  archaic_JJ  incompetence_NN  and_CC  divided_JJ  responsibilities_NNS  were_VBDR  chiefly_RR  to_TO  blame_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  suffering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  troops_NNS  .  
  otherwise_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  admirably_RR  thorough_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  writing_NN  is_VBZ  lucid_JJ  ,_,  correct_JJ  and_CC  lively_JJ  .  
  our_APP$  exceptionally_RR  pacific_JJ  government_NN  declared_VVD  war_NN  only_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  the_AT1  courage_NN  to_TO  resist_VV0  the_AT1  jingoism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  newspapers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pretext_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  invasion_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  Rumania_NP  by_IO  Russian_JJ  troops_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  quickly_RR  expelled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Turks_NP2  with_IO  no_AT1  help_NN  from_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  however_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  sent_VBN  an_AT1  army_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  Turkey_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  something_PN1  or_CC  other_DA  must_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Crimean_JJ  port_NN  of_IO  Sebastopol_NP  seemed_VVD  easy_JJ  to_TO  capture_VV0  .  
  after_IO  over_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  fighting_NN  captured_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  lasting_JJ  advantage_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   or_CC  our_APP$  allies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  jaunt_NN  cost_VVD  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  over_RR  half_DB  a_AT1  million_MC  men_NNS  .  
  experienced_JJ  Generals_NNSB2  from_IO  our_APP$  Indian_JJ  army_NN  were_VBDR  available_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  nobility_NN  :_:  and_CC  so_RR  the_AT1  commands_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  to_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  seen_VBN  active_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  if_CS  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  thirty-nine_MC  years_NNS  previously_RR  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  from_IO  feeble_JJ  eyesight_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  refused_VVD  to_TO  wear_VV0  spectacles_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  officer_NN  could_VM  bring_VV0  unlimited_JJ  luggage_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  French_JJ  cook_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  yacht_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  ;_;  there_EX  were_VBDR  not_XX  even_JJ  tents_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  little_DA  equipment_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  shoddy_JJ  ,_,  boots_NNS  that_PNQS fell_VVD  to_IO  pieces_NNS  ,_,  swords_NNS  so_RG  soft_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  bend_VV0  instead_RR  of_IO  cutting_VBG  .  
  rotting_JJ  cargoes_NNS  .  
  though_CS  we_PPIS2  boasted_VVD  far_RR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  navy_NN  and_CC  mercantile_JJ  marine_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  could_VM  not_XX  bring_VV0  enough_DD  supplies_NNS  for_IO  our_APP$  expeditionary_JJ  force_NN  ;_;  and_CC  cargoes_NNS  moreover_RR  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  rot_VV0  unloaded_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  admirals_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  odds_NNS  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  commissioners_NNS  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  supplies_NNS  ,_,  when_CS asked_VBN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  nails_NNS  ,_,  refused_VVD  to_TO  issue_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  ton_NN  .  
  half-starved_JJ  and_CC  unprotected_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  winter_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  troops_NNS  died_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  thousands_MC2  :_:  lack_NN  of_IO  fodder_NN  killed_VVD  the_AT1  horses_NNS  and_CC  mules_NNS  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  other_DA  transport_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0C.O_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  grenadiers_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  allow_VV0  a_AT1  mere_JB  line_NN  regiment_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  flank_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  beautiful_JJ  guardsmen_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  therefore_RR  compelled_VBN  to_TO  retreat_VV0  in_IO  disorder_NN  .  
  officers_NNS  like_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Cardigan_NP  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  George_NP  Paget_NP  found_VVD  the_AT1  war_NN  so_RG  disagreeable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  England_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  huff_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  no_AT1  such_DA  escape_NN  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS at_RR  first_RR  fought_VVD  with_IO  staggering_JJ  courage_NN  .  
  gradually_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS survived_VVD  grew_VVD  bitter_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  reinforcements_NNS  were_VBDR  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  raw_JJ  recruits_NNS  ;_;  morale_NN  collapsed_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  action_NN  at_IO  Sebastopol_NP  our_APP$  troops_NNS  refused_VVD  the_AT1  order_NN  to_TO  advance_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  fortress_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS throughout_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  better_RRR  equipped_VBN  ,_,  better_RRR  fed_VBN  and_CC  better_RRR  led_VBN  .  
  worn_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  his_APP$  labours_NNS  ,_,  insulted_VBN  in_IO  parliament_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,  no_RR  longer_RRR  supported_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  Raglan_NP  had_VHD  died_VBN  three_MC  months_NNS  previously_RR  .  
  a_AT1  wiser_JJ  man_NN  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  command_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  sixty-five_MC  after_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  sitting_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  desk_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  accept_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  conceit_NN  but_CCB  from_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  courageous_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  hard-working_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  fair-minded_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  amiable_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  behaved_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  with_IO  exemplary_JJ  and_CC  invaluable_JJ  patience_NN  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  he_PPHO1  proved_VVD  equally_RR  patient_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  departments_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  that_PNQS were_VBDR  murdering_VBG  his_APP$  troops_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  an_AT1  unkind_JJ  word_NN  to_IO  anyone_PN1  .  
  creature_NN  of_IO  habit_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  refuse_VV0  him_PPHO1  our_APP$  pity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  death_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Herculean_JJ  task_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fitted_VBN  by_IO  neither_LE  character_NN  nor_CC  experience_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  remember_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  twenty-eight_MC  years_NNS  Secretary_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  horse_NN  guards_NNS  apparently_RR  without_IO  attempting_VBG  any_DD  reform_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  described_VBN  by_IO  Palmerston_NP  as_IO    a_AT1  creature_NN  of_IO  habit_NN    ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Crimea_NP  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grotesque_JJ  system_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  helped_VBN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  conservative_NN  who_PNQS dislikes_VBZ  changes_NNS  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  improvements_NNS  may_VM  ,_,  like_IO  Raglan_NP  ,_,  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  Commander-in-Chief_NNSB1  .  
  iron_NN  duke_NN  on_IO  paper_NN  .  
  Wellington_NP  at_IO  war_NN  .  letters_NNS  selected_VBN  and_CC  edited_VBN  by_IO  Anthony_NP  Brett-James_NP  .  (_(  Macmillan_NP  .  42_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Bryant_NP  .  
  not_XX  even_RR  \0Dr_NNSB1  Johnson_NP  could_VM  hit_VV0  a_AT1  verbal_JJ  nail_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  more_RG  effectively_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  once_RR  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  in_IO  life_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  clear_JJ  definition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  during_IO  his_APP$  years_NNS  of_IO  command_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  incessantly_RR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  defining_VBG  things_NNS  clearly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  that_PNQS made_VVD  him_PPHO1  so_RG  great_JJ  a_AT1  Commander_NNSB1  ;_;  as_CS  with_IO  Field-Marshal_NNSB1  Montgomery_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  mistake_VV0  his_APP$  meaning_NN  ,_,  however_CS unpalatable_JJ  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  human_JJ  capacity_NN  for_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stick_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  fog_NN  and_CC  confusion_NN  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  almost_RR  infinite_JJ  ,_,  this_DD1  quality_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  art_NN  .  
  if_CS  good_JJ  writing_NN  be_VB0  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  conveying_VBG  meaning_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  possible_JJ  force_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fewest_JJT  possible_JJ  words_NNS    and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  no_AT1  better_JJ  definition_NN    Wellington_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  writer_NN  .  
  his_APP$  military_JJ  correspondence_NN  ,_,  like_IO  his_APP$  recorded_JJ  conversation_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  delightful_JJ  reading_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  agreeable_JJ  to_IO  anybody_PN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  reminded_VVD  a_AT1  complaining_JJ  Portuguese_JJ  magnate_NN  ,_,    to_TO  have_VH0  strangers_NNS  quartered_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  ;_;  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  very_RG  agreeable_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   strangers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  good_JJ  houses_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  seek_VV0  for_IO  quarters_NNS  here_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  here_RL  for_IO  our_APP$  pleasure_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  situation_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  country_NN  renders_VBZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  .    
  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  neater_JJ  .  
  or_CC  anything_PN1  more_RG  true_JJ  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
    half_DB  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  our_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  done_VBN  by_IO  accommodation_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  understanding_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .    
  or_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  quoted_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brett-James_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  admirable_JJ  introduction_NN    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  .  has_VHZ  discovered_VBN  that_CS  my_APP$  channels_NNS  of_IO  intelligence_NN  are_VBR  of_IO  doubtful_JJ  fidelity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  channels_NNS  of_IO  intelligence_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  :_:  but_CCB  probably_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  .  knows_VBZ  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brett-James_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  modern_JJ  readers_NNS    who_PNQS turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  classics_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  past_NN  too_RG  little_RR    a_AT1  service_NN  by_IO  producing_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  selection_NN  from_IO  Wellington's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  twelve_MC  volumes_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  million_MC  words_NNS  of_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Gurwood's_PPIO2    dispatches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington_NP    and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  fifteen_MC  volumes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke's_NNSB2    supplementary_JJ  dispatches_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  no_AT1  better_JJ  selection_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brett-James's_PPIO2  book_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  compare_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  much_RR  fuller_JJ  selection_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Gurwood_NP  himself_PPX1  and_CC  published_VBN  in_IO  early_JJ  Victorian_JJ  days_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  thousand_MC  pages_NNS  .  
  in_IO  deference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  tastes_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  day_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brett-James's_PPIO2  compass_NN  is_VBZ  far_RR  smaller_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  selections_NNS  of_IO  equal_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  equally_RR  good_JJ  and_CC  equally_RR  representative_JJ  ,_,  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  source_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  matters_VBZ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  editor_NN  has_VHZ  given_VBN  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  essence_NN  of_IO  Wellington's_PPIO2  genius_NN    his_APP$  clarity_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  good_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  powers_NNS  of_IO  observation_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  dry_JJ  irony_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  wonderful_JJ  balance_NN  and_CC  foresight_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  offering_VBG  the_AT1  reader_NN  a_AT1  small_JJ  parcel_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  superb_JJ  cellar_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_DB  there_RL  for_IO  his_APP$  buying_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  more_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  adding_VBG  one_MC1  sample_NN  of_IO  Wellington's_PPIO2  style_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  approached_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  England_NP  of_IO  a_AT1  major_NN  whose_PNQV$  fiance*?2_NN  was_VBDZ  pining_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  known_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  lady_NN  dying_VBG  of_IO  love_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  contrive_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  manner_NN  ,_,  to_TO  live_VV0  and_CC  look_VV0  tolerably_RR  well_JJ  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  their_APP$  despair_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  continued_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  lover_NN  ;_;  and_CC  some_DD  even_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  known_VBN  to_TO  recover_VV0  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  inclined_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  another_DD1  lover_NN  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  has_VHZ  lasted_VBN  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  suppose_VV0  that_CS  your_APP$  prote*?2ge*?2e_NN  can_VM  ever_RR  recover_VV0  so_RG  far_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  hope_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  will_VM  survive_VV0  the_AT1  continued_JJ  necessary_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  here-after_RR  many_DA  happy_JJ  days_NNS  .    
  advice_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lady_NN  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  actress_NN  :_:  the_AT1  letters_NNS  of_IO  Bernard_NP  Shaw_NP  to_IO  Molly_NP  Tompkins_NP  .  (_(  Constable_NP  .  63_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  by_IO  Hesketh_NP  Pearson_NP  .  
  for_IO  sheer_JB  entertainment_NN  and_CC  humorous_JJ  common_JJ  sense_NN  the_AT1  letters_NNS  and_CC  criticisms_NNS  of_IO  Bernard_NP  Shaw_NP  are_VBR  unrivalled_JJ  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  scintillation_NN  and_CC  gaiety_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  emotional_JJ  detachment_NN  from_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  peculiar_JJ  genius_NN  derives_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  ,_,  being_VBG  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  complicated_JJ  agitations_NNS  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  human_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  observe_VV0  with_IO  cool_JJ  clarity_NN  the_AT1  actions_NNS  resulting_VBG  from_IO  their_APP$  temperamental_JJ  disturbances_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  oddity_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  appears_VBZ  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  letters_NNS  to_IO  women_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS fell_VVD  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  coaxed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  enraptured_JJ  condition_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  actress_NN  named_VBN  Molly_NP  Tompkins_NP  ,_,  arrived_VVD  in_IO  England_NP  from_IO  America_NP  with_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  small_JJ  son_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  sole_JB  purpose_NN  of_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  prophet_NN  Shaw_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS sent_VVD  her_PPHO1  well_RR  over_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  letters_NNS  and_CC  post-cards_NNS  between_IO  1921_MC  and_CC  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  delightful_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  love_NN  .    he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;    it_PPH1  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  twice_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  last_VV0  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  earth_NN  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS you_PPY  clasp_VV0  the_AT1  idol_NN  it_PPH1  turns_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  rag_NN  doll_NN  like_IO  yourself_PPX1  ;_;  for_CS  the_AT1  immortal_JJ  part_NN  must_VM  elude_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  grab_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  but_CCB  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  content_JJ  with_IO  dreams_NNS  of_IO  fair_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  for_IO  something_PN1  more_RG  corporeal_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  supply_VV0  by_IO  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  excellent_JJ  advice_NN  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  order_VV0  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  handsome_JJ  volume_NN  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  letters_NNS  to_IO  Molly_NP  Tompkins_NP  are_VBR  reproduced_VBN  in_IO  photostat_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  alterations_NNS  carbon_NN  copies_NNS  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  sent_VBN  to_IO  any_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  adoring_JJ  female_JJ  correspondents_NNS  without_IO  surprising_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  contain_VV0  advice_NN  on_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  disadvantage_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  actress_NN  using_VBG  make-up_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  it_PPH1  when_CS interviewing_VBG  managers_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  pronunciation_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  behave_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  proper_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  son_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  buying_VBG  white_JJ  oxen_NNS  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  in_IO  England_NP  of_IO  putting_VBG    \0Esq_NC2    not_XX    \0Mr_NC2    on_IO  envelopes_NNS  addressed_VBN  to_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  catch_VV0  a_AT1  bat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  expediency_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  parrot_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  :_:  
    parrots_NNS  are_VBR  amusing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  die_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  wish_VV0  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  .    
  frequently_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  letters_NNS  his_APP$  intuition_NN  or_CC  observation_NN  is_VBZ  crystallised_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  phrase_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,      learning_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  is_VBZ  like_IO  learning_NN  to_TO  skate_VV0  :_:  you_PPY  begin_VV0  by_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  spectacle_NN  of_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    and_CC      the_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  God_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  wisdom_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  man_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  murder_NN  ,_,    and_CC      it_PPH1  is_VBZ  useless_JJ  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  help_VV0  people_NNS  whom_WPO  God_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  helped_VBN  .    fiction_NN  .  
  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  beasts_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  place_NN  .  
  by_IO  Nigel_NP  Dennis_NP  .  
  Angus_NP  Wilson_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  men_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  zoo_NN  .  Secker_NP  &_CC  Warburg_NP  ,_,  18_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
    our_APP$  island_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  too_RG  small_JJ  to_TO  allow_VV0  even_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  controlled_JJ  return_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wolf_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bear_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boar_NN  .    
  so_PN1  says_VBZ  the_AT1  Times_NP    or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  Angus_NP  Wilson_NP  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  Times_NP  say_VV0  so_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  novel_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  set_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1970_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  doubt_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  sober_JJ  ,_,  careful_JJ  verdict_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO    open_JJ    zoos_NNS  catches_VBZ  exactly_RR  the_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  of_IO  1970_MC  ;_;  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  left_VBN  worrying_VBG  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  the_AT1  future_JB    editorial_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  the_AT1  present_JJ  novel_NN  .  
  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  at_IO  odds_NNS  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  mentioned_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  puzzle_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  new_JJ  novel_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  clearly_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  saying_VBG  and_CC  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  standing_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  a_AT1  problem_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  early_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  books_NNS  of_IO  short_JJ  stories_NNS  were_VBDR  as_RG  clear_JJ  as_CS  only_RR  crystals_NNS  of_IO  poison_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  horrors_NNS  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  inspection_NN  were_VBDR  almost_RR  too_RG  recognisable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  faced_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  since_IO  then_RL  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  has_VHZ  widened_VBN  both_DB2  his_APP$  medium_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  big_JJ  novels_NNS  now_RL  and_CC  expresses_VBZ  his_APP$  griefs_NNS  and_CC  pains_NNS  quite_RR  openly_RR  ;_;  he_PPHO1  still_RR  has_VHZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  poison_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  doles_VBZ  it_PPH1  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  distressed_JJ  hand_NN    in_IO  brief_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  pure_JJ  satirist_NN  .  
  one_MC1  may_VM  mourn_VV0  the_AT1  change_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  condemn_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  an_AT1  author_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  change_VV0  as_CS  he_PPHO1  pleases_VBZ  :_:  the_AT1  only_DA  test_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  men_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  zoo_NN  has_VHZ  much_DA  to_TO  commend_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  written_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  feeling_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  some_DD  very_RG  enjoyable_JJ  characters_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  just_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  in_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  absurd_JJ  characters_NNS  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  their_APP$  virtues_NNS  and_CC  dignities_NNS  .  
  even_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  cross_JJ  ,_,  angry_JJ  and_CC  spiteful_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  kindly_JJ  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  exactly_RR  how_CS to_TO  find_VV0  one's_$  way_NN  about_RP  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  title_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  about_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  masses_NNS  (_(  who_PNQS are_VBR    the_AT1  zoo_NN    )_)  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS govern_VV0  them_PPHO1  (_(  who_PNQS are_VBR    the_AT1  old_JJ  men_NNS    )_)  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  much_DA  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  symbolism_NN  becomes_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  clearly_RR  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  zoo_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  decently_RR  conducted_VBN  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS govern_VV0  it_PPH1  must_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  unselfishly_RR  ,_,  intelligently_RR  and_CC  civilisedly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  must_VM  also_RR  realise_VV0  that_CS  animals_NNS  are_VBR  tricky_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  beasts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  not_XX  feel_VV0  sentimental_JJ  about_IO  tarantulas_NNS  and_CC  lynxes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chiefs_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  zoo_NN  lack_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  qualifications_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  idealists_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  more_RRR  obsessed_VBN  with_IO  theories_NNS  and_CC  dreams_NNS  about_IO  animals_NNS  than_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  with_IO  actual_JJ  ,_,  living_JJ  animals_NNS  .  
  others_DA2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  love_VV0  only_RR  those_DD2  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  animal_NN  that_PNQS suit_VV0  their_APP$  professional_JJ  interests_NNS    an_AT1  extreme_JJ  (_(  and_CC  witty_JJ  )_)  example_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  zoo_NN  pathologist_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS loves_VBZ  animals_NNS  most_RBT  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  dead_JJ  ,_,  dissection_NN  being_VBG  his_APP$  forte_NN  .  
  these_DD2  persons_NNS  ,_,  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   say_VV0  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  department_NN  chiefs_NNS  and_CC  top_JB  bureaucrats_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  society_NN    and_CC  under_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  the_AT1    keepers_NNS    and_CC    assistant-keepers_NNS    who_PNQS carry_VV0  out_RP  their_APP$  orders_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  above_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  are_VBR  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Director_NNSB1    men_NNS  of_IO  nearly_RR  equal_JJ  power_NN  who_PNQS frame_VV0  zoo_NN  policy_NN  and_CC  fight_VV0  over_IO  what_DDQ  this_DD1  policy_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  ;_;  these_DD2  two_MC  we_PPIS2  may_VM  call_VV0  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clash_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  novel_NN  is_VBZ  over_IO  the_AT1  zoo_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Director_NNSB1  hates_VBZ  Regent's_NNSB2  Park_NNL1  :_:  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  animals_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN    limited_JJ  liberty_NN    and_CC  allowed_VVD  to_TO  roam_VV0  in_IO  Whipsnadian_JJ  reserves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  thinks_VBZ  this_DD1  is_VBZ  nonsense_NN  .  
  animals_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  insists_VBZ  ,_,  are_VBR  best_JJT  off_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cosy_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  somewhat_RR  cramped_JJ  ,_,  cages_NNS  designed_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  Victorian_NN1  ,_,  Decimus_NP  Burton_NP  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  prettily_RR  done_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  descriptions_NNS  of_IO  animals_NNS  are_VBR  first-rate_JJ    particularly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  most_RG  honest_JJ  about_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  never_RR  pretending_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  extremely_RR  ugly_JJ  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  problems_NNS  these_DD2  animals_NNS  present_VV0  are_VBR  perfectly_RR  genuine_JJ  ones_CD1S  :_:  should_VM    the_AT1  wolf_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bear_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boar_NN    be_VB0  allowed_VBN  considerable_JJ  liberty_NN  ,_,  or_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Times_NP  right_JJ  in_IO  concluding_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  dangerous_JJ  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  such_DA  privileges_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  problem_NN  becomes_VBZ  acutely_RR  personal_JJ  to_IO  every_AT1  reader_NN  when_CS a_AT1  liberated_JJ  wolf_NN  eats_VBZ  the_AT1  Director's_NNSB2  daughter_NN  .  
  thousands_MC2  of_IO  innocent_JJ  animals_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  wolf's_NN1$  indiscretion_NN  by_IO  being_VBG  shut_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  Regent's_NNSB2  Park_NNL1  again_RR  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  fair_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  say_VV0  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fair_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  puzzles_NNS  and_CC  hypotheses_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  presents_VBZ  are_VBR  honest_JJ  expressions_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  uncertainty_NN  .  
  his_APP$  intention_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  provide_VV0  closed_JJ  answers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  proffer_VV0  dozens_MC2  of_IO  open_JJ  questions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  unusual_JJ  and_CC  stimulating_JJ  in_IO  theory_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  tending_VBG  to_IO  confusion_NN  in_IO  practice_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilson's_PPIO2  novel_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  feels_VBZ  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  remarkably_RR  good_JJ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  stuck_VBN  strictly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  zoo_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  filled_VBN  out_RP  his_APP$  canvas_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  war_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  England_NP  is_VBZ  invaded_VBN  and_CC  crushed_VBN  by_IO  combined_JJ  European_JJ  armies_NNS  (_(  Russia_NP  and_CC  America_NP  agree_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  intervene_VV0  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  put_VBN  in_RP  saboteurs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  spies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  politicians_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  resistance_NN  movements_NNS    and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  put_VBN  in_RP  more_DA  matter_NN  than_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  handle_VV0  and_CC  made_VBN  an_AT1  artistic_JJ  clutter_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  humane_JJ  worries_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  novel_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  one_MC1    but_CCB  the_AT1  careful_JJ  ,_,  precise_JJ  pen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  short-story_JB  writer_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  his_APP$  parable_NN  shorter_JJ  ,_,  clearer_JJ  and_CC  far_RR  more_RG  brilliant_JJ  .  
  people_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  .  
  by_IO  Anthony_NP  Quinton_NP  .  
  Alasdair_NP  Clayre_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  Cape_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  Ivy_NP  Compton-Burnett_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  mighty_JJ  and_CC  their_APP$  fall_NN  ,_,  Gollancz_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  Howard_NP  Spring_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  a_AT1  lady_NN  ,_,  Collins_NP  ,_,  21_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
    \0H_NP  \0D_NP    ,_,  bid_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  live_VV0  ,_,  Grove_NP  press_NN  ,_,  25_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  for_IO  topicality_NN  ,_,  Alasdair_NP  Clayre's_PPIO2  first_MD  novel_NN  the_AT1  window_NN  would_VM  stand_VV0  out_RP  emphatically_RR  enough_RGA  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  beside_IO  this_DD1  week's_NN1$  other_DA  books_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  the_AT1  central_JJ  figures_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  decent_JJ  ,_,  devout_JJ  ,_,  inarticulate_JJ  organist_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  poor_JJ  district_NN  of_IO  Portsmouth_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  frigid_JJ  ,_,  respectable_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  sons_NNS  ,_,  Peter_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  trumpet-playing_JJ  factory_NN  worker_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Matthew_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  batman_NN  whose_PNQV$  ambition_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  butler_NN  .  
  also_RR  involved_VBN  are_VBR  the_AT1  step-children_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  vicarage_NN  :_:  James_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  elaborately_RR  cerebral_JJ  philosopher_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Anna_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  bemused_JJ  ,_,  sensitive_JJ  pianist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  organist_NN  ,_,  Matthew_NP  and_CC  James_NP  get_VV0  caught_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  in_IO  different_JJ  ways_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  fatal_JJ  consequences_NNS  for_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Easter_NP  march_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  idealistic_JJ  organisation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  narrative_NN  is_VBZ  developed_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  skill_NN  and_CC  efficiency_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  shifting_VBG  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  characters_NNS  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  course_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clayre_NP  conducts_VBZ  his_APP$  readers_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  convincingly_RR  authoritative_JJ  tour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  pre-eminently_RR  contemporary_JJ  scenes_NNS  :_:  an_AT1  assembly-line_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  officers'_NN2  mess_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  jazz_NN  club_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  left-wing_JB  coffee-bar_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  deb_NN  dance_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  march_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  impressively_RR  copious_JJ  image_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  society_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  realism_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  thinness_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cross-section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Sands_NP2  family_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  very_RG  plausible_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  ;_;  even_RR  the_AT1  accelerated_JJ  social_JJ  mobility_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  time_NN  could_VM  hardly_RR  accommodate_VV0  a_AT1  son_NN  like_IO  Peter_NP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  family_NN  .  
  James_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  Englishman's_NNP$  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  Matthew_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  transferred_VBN  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  Simon_NP  Raven's_PPIO2  amazing_JJ  regiments_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  sharp_JJ  line_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  the_AT1  characters_NNS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clayre_NP  likes_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  organist_NN  and_CC  Anna_NP  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  honoured_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  less_RG  rigid_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  able_JJ  and_CC  intelligent_JJ  book_NN  whose_PNQV$  limitations_NNS  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  magnitude_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  ambitions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mighty_JJ  and_CC  their_APP$  fall_NN  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  standard_JJ  Ivy_NP  Compton-Burnett_NP  ,_,  another_DD1  elegant_JJ  construction_NN  in_IO  moral_JJ  geometry_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  variation_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  insulated_JJ  domestic_JJ  theme_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  normal_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  dubious_JJ  paternity_NN  ,_,  hidden_JJ  wills_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  despised_JJ  governess_NN  ,_,  gnomic_JJ  servants_NNS  and_CC  Hobbesian_JJ  toddlers_NNS  .  
  experts_NNS  could_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  identify_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  and_CC  situations_NNS  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  earlier_JJ  books_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  less_RG  initiated_JJ  can_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  one_MC1  involves_VBZ  no_AT1  striking_JJ  new_JJ  departures_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Compton-Burnett's_PPIO2  curious_JJ  instrument_NN  grates_VBZ  on_IO  some_DD  ears_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  stand_VV0  it_PPH1  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  got_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  the_AT1  incidental_JJ  felicities_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  by_IO  brief_JJ  dippings_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  books_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  sitting_NN  if_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  plot_NN  and_CC  characters_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  revealed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  cumulative_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dialogue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  novel_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  struggle_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  widowed_JJ  father_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  eldest_JJT  daughter_NN  who_PNQS both_DB2  resort_VV0  to_IO  deceit_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  to_TO  prevent_VV0  his_APP$  second_MD  marriage_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  to_TO  prevent_VV0  her_PPHO1  inheriting_VBG  his_APP$  brother's_NN1$  money_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  more_RG  impersonal_JJ  justification_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  concern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  welfare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  his_APP$  response_NN  to_IO  exposure_NN  a_AT1  more_RG  blatant_JJ  and_CC  so_RR  more_RG  discreditable_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Compton-Burnett's_PPIO2  vertiginous_JJ  economies_NNS  both_DB2  of_IO  technique_NN  and_CC  material_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  charm_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fascination_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  manages_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  left_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  also_RR  reflect_VV0  ,_,  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  Racine's_PPIO2  ,_,  a_AT1  judgment_NN  of_IO  importance_NN  ,_,  of_IO  what_DDQ  really_RR  matters_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  relations_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  .  
  Howard_NP  Spring's_PPIO2  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  a_AT1  lady_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  predictably_RR  and_CC  honourably_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  thoroughly_RR  good_JJ  read_NN    the_AT1  whole_JJ  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  million_MC  words_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  rambling_JJ  ,_,  loose-jointed_JJ  affair_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  throwing_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  human_JJ  types_NNS  together_RR  at_RR  random_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  would_VM  come_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  hero_NN  escapes_VBZ  from_IO  Manchester_NP  and_CC  cotton_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  inheritance_NN  that_PNQS allows_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_TO  indulge_VV0  his_APP$  pronounced_JJ  negative_JJ  capability_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  writer_NN  of_IO  little_JJ  essays_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  dithering_VBG  he_PPHO1  marries_VBZ  a_AT1  nice_JJ  rich_JJ  actress_NN  and_CC  what_DDQ  with_IO  her_APP$  connections_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tycoon_NN  who_PNQS unaccountably_RR  becomes_VBZ  his_APP$  friend_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  plenty_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  in_RP  upon_IO  and_CC  make_VV0  harmlessly_RR  facetious_JJ  remarks_NNS  about_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pleasant-spirited_JJ  ,_,  old-fashioned_JJ  book_NN  and_CC  pretends_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  tell_VV0  an_AT1  only_RR  mildly_RR  engrossing_JJ  story_NN  .  
    \0H_NP  \0D.'s_PPIO2    bid_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  live_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  handsomely-produced_JB  volume_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  described_VBN  as_IO    a_AT1  madrigal_NN  of_IO  war-time_JB  love_NN  and_CC  death_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  of_IO  1917_MC  .    
  it_PPH1  recounts_VBZ  in_IO  short_JJ  ,_,  hectic_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  verbless_JJ  sentences_NNS  the_AT1  inner_JB  life_NN  of_IO  Julia_NP  Ashton_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  sensitive_JJ  American_NN1  married_VBN  to_IO  Rafe_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS spends_VBZ  his_APP$  leaves_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  upstairs_RL  .  
  Julia_NP  wrongly_RR  thinks_VBZ  that_CS  Frederick_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  red-bearded_JJ  author_NN  of_IO    scandalous_JJ  ,_,  volcanic_JJ  novels_NNS    married_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  ample_JJ  German_JJ  aristocrat_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  clef_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  roman_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  imprint_NN  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  blurb_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  of_IO  major_JJ  literature_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  litte*?2rateur_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  undisciplined_JJ  artiness_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  odd_JJ  ,_,  vanished_JJ  world_NN  it_PPH1  obliquely_RR  describes_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  brief_JJ  .  
  by_IO  Felicia_NP  Lamb_NP  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  .  
  family_NN  jewels_NNS  by_IO  Petru_NP  Dumitriu_NP  ,_,  Collins_NP  ,_,  21_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  mighty_JJ  trilogy_NN  about_IO  peasants_NNS  revolting_VBG  against_IO  landed_JJ  gentry_NN  in_IO  late_JJ  19th-_MD  and_CC  early_JJ  20th-century_JB  Rumania_NP  .  
  formidable_JJ  amassing_NN  of_IO  detail_NN  gives_VBZ  interesting_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  Bucharest_NP  and_CC  Danube_NP  plain_NN  life_NN  .  
  all_DB  gentry_NN  characters_NNS  unpleasant_JJ  ,_,  all_DB  peasant_NN  ones_CD1S  unattractive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  whole_NN  enjoyable_JJ  once_CS  difficult_JJ  beginning_NN  surmounted_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  by_IO  Kathleen_NP  Sully_NP  ,_,  Peter_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  15_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  two_MC  sprightly_JJ  elderly_JJ  ladies_NNS  try_VV0  to_TO  escape_VV0  ghost_NN  of_IO  husband_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  recapture_VV0  youth_NN  and_CC  freedom_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  flight_NN  .  
  charming_VBG  fantasy_NN  told_VBN  with_IO  perfect_JJ  light_JJ  touch_NN  .  
  delightful_JJ  surprise_NN  ending_NN  .  
  the_AT1  silent_JJ  speaker_NN  by_IO  Noel_NP  Streatfeild_NP  ,_,  Collins_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  neatly-constructed_JJ  whydunit_NN  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  unexpected_JJ  suicide's_NN1$  last_DA  carefree_JJ  dinner_NN  party_NN  all_DB  dig_VV0  into_IO  her_APP$  apparently_RR  blameless_JJ  past_NN  .  
  skilful_JJ  maintenance_NN  of_IO  suspense_NN  right_RR  up_RP  to_IO  not-too-unlikely_JB  solution_NN  .  
  modern_JJ  rich_JJ  Londoners_NP2  well_RR  observed_VBN  .  
  every_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  all_DB  by_IO  William_NP  Miller_NP  ,_,  Blond_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  young_JJ  Glaswegian_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  run_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  slums_NNS  finds_VBZ  London_NP  can_VM  mean_VV0  luxury_NN    at_IO  an_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  price_NN  .  
  convincing_JJ  Glasgow_NP  beginning_NN  tails_VBZ  off_RP  into_IO  forced_JJ  ,_,  happy_JJ  ,_,  socialistic_JJ  ending_NN  ,_,  excusable_JJ  from_IO  27-year-old_JB  author_NN  .  
  bad_JJ  characters_NNS  good_JJ  ,_,  good_JJ  characters_NNS  bad_JJ  .  
  children_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  by_IO  Moira_NP  Verschoyle_NP  ,_,  Hodder_NP  ,_,  15_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  glamorous_JJ  worldly-wise_JJ  17-year-old_NN  disrupts_VBZ  backwoods_NNS  Anglo-Irish_JJ  family_NN  and_CC  turns_VBZ  perfect_JJ  boy-and-girl_JB  friendship_NN  into_IO  unhappy_JJ  adolescent_JJ  triangle_NN  .  
  tragic_JJ  ending_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  golden_JJ  summer_NN  in_IO  well-evoked_JJ  Irish_JJ  far_JJ  west_NN1  .  
  perfect_JJ  companion_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  chocolates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  slap_NN  by_IO  Marion_NP  Friedmann_NP  ,_,  Longmans_NP  ,_,  15_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  grim_JJ  exploration_NN  situation_NN  in_IO  small_JJ  South_NP  African_JJ  country_NN  town_NN  .  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  music_NN  .  
  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  way_NN  with_IO  Verdi_NP  .  
  by_IO  Desmond_NP  Shawe-Taylor_NP  .  
  the_AT1  score_NN  of_IO    Falstaff_NP    seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  ripened_VBN  against_IO  a_AT1  warm_JJ  orchard_NN  wall_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_DB  juice_NN  and_CC  goodness_NN  ,_,  firm_JJ  flesh_NN  and_CC  sweet_JJ  tang_NN  :_:  at_RR  once_RR  earthy_JJ  and_CC  heavenly_JJ  ,_,  mellow_JJ  and_CC  zestful_JJ  ,_,  old_JJ  and_CC  young_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  music's_NN1$  miracles_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  miracle_NN  was_VBDZ  achieved_VBN  by_IO  Boito's_PPIO2  cunning_NN  and_CC  Verdi's_PPIO2  genius_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  effective_JJ  but_CCB  prosaic_JJ  Shakespearean_JJ  farce_NN  .  
  Franco_NP  Zeffirelli's_PPIO2  new_JJ  production_NN  ,_,  unveiled_VBN  at_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  last_DA  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  eagerly_RR  awaited_VBN  after_IO  his_APP$  romantic_JJ    Lucia_NP    and_CC  his_APP$  wonderfully_RR  brilliant_JJ    Cav_NP    and_CC    Pag_NP    at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  house_NN    not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  his_APP$  more_RG  controversial_JJ    Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP    at_IO  the_AT1  Old_NP  Vic_NP  .  
  his_APP$    Falstaff_NP  ,_,    though_CS  likely_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  a_AT1  hit_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  again_RR  controversial_JJ  .  
  visually_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inventive_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  lovely_JJ  .  
  dramatically_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hotchpotch_NN  :_:  imaginative_JJ  ,_,  eccentric_JJ  ,_,  frequently_RR  crude_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  worst_JJT  comes_VBZ  near_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  accept_VV0  the_AT1  short_JJ  opening_JJ  scene_NN  between_IO  Falstaff_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  followers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  evening_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  further_JB  terrors_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  style_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  crazy_JJ  gang_NN  ,_,  though_CS  without_IO  their_APP$  sublime_JJ  impudence_NN  ;_;  for_CS  if_CS  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Naughton_NP  and_CC  Gold_NP  had_VHD  played_VBN  Pistol_NP  and_CC  Bardolph_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  at_RR  least_RR  have_VH0  stormed_VBN  the_AT1  royal_JJ  box_NN  and_CC  tried_VBN  on_RP  a_AT1  tiara_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  Langdon_NP  and_CC  Robert_NP  Bowman_NP  could_VM  only_RR  rampage_VV0  and_CC  roister_VV0  around_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  though_CS    only_NC2    is_VBZ  a_AT1  poor_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  achieved_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  Geraint_NP  Evans's_PPIO2  admirable_JJ  delivery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  tirade_NN  was_VBDZ  effectively_RR  diminished_VBN  when_CS to_IO  each_DD1  one_MC1  of_IO  Falstaff's_PPIO2  rhetorical_JJ  questions_NNS  Bardolph_NP  ,_,  from_IO  beneath_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  or_CC  halfway_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  insisted_VVD  on_IO  nodding_VBG  a_AT1  tireless_JJ  and_CC  zany_JJ  affirmative_NN  .  
  thence_RR  to_IO  Ford's_PPIO2  garden_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  inn_NN  courtyard_NN  :_:  striking_JJ  .  
  enter_VV0  two_MC  letter-carrying_JJ  wives_NNS  (_(  Mariella_NP  Angioletti_NP  and_CC  Josephine_NP  Veasey_NP  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  Dutch-doll_JB  Nannetta_NP  (_(  Mirella_NP  Freni_NP  )_)  and_CC  .  but_CCB  who_PNQS  is_VBZ  this_DD1  ,_,  sweeping_VBG  in_RP  ,_,  last_RR  and_CC  grandest_JJT  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  beruffed_JJ  Lady_NNSB1  Bracknell_NP  ,_,  with_IO  parasol_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  and_CC  lorgnettes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  ready_JJ  .  
  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  our_APP$  old_JJ  friend_NN  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Quickly_NP  ,_,  servant_NN  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Caius_NP  and_CC  Eastcheap_NP  hostess_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  runs_VBZ  the_AT1  entire_JB  show_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  only_DA  surprise_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  letter_NN  too_RR  .  
  if_CS  so_RG  wild_JJ  a_AT1  misinterpretation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  tolerated_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  capitally_RR  sung_VBN  and_CC  played_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  exuberant_JJ  Regina_NP  Resnik_NP  .  
  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Ford_NP  hardly_RR  got_VVD  a_AT1  look_NN  in_RP  was_VBDZ  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  Signora_NNSB1  Angioletti_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  night_NN  continually_RR  allowed_VVD  her_APP$  phrases_NNS  to_TO  vanish_VV0  in_IO  mid-utterance_NN  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  current_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  cut_VBN  off_RP  .  
  the_AT1  explanation_NN  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  voice_NN  ,_,  for_CS  a_DA  few_DA  bars_NNS  later_RRR  all_DB  was_VBDZ  well_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  art_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  act_NN  things_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  improve_VV0  ,_,  although_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Quickly's_PPIO2  famous_JJ  deep_JJ  curtseys_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  word_NN    Reverenza_&FW  !_!    were_VBDR  turned_VBN  into_IO  nonsense_NN  by_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  be_VB0  executed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  staircase_NN  .  
  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  scene_NN  between_IO  Ford_NP  and_CC  Falstaff_NP  ,_,  where_CS no_AT1  misplaced_JJ  ingenuity_NN  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  impair_VV0  our_APP$  pleasure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  excellent_JJ  singing_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Shaw_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Evans_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  and_CC  zestful_JJ  playing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  under_IO  Signor_NNSB1  Giulini_NP  .  
  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  was_VBDZ  throughout_II  in_IO  splendid_JJ  form_NN  ;_;  particularly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  act_NN  3_MC  ,_,  scene_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  empty_JJ  stage_NN  and_CC  darkening_JJ  sky_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  calling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  voices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  magical_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  descending_JJ  harmonies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  slowly_RR  closing_JJ  curtains_NNS  were_VBDR  combined_VBN  by_IO  producer_NN  and_CC  conductor_NN  into_IO  an_AT1  exquisite_JJ  theatrical_JJ  unity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tapestried_JJ  interior_NN  of_IO  Ford's_PPIO2  house_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  delightful_JJ  spectacle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  scene_NN  opened_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  vein_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  romance_NN  ,_,  with_IO  pale_JJ  shafts_NNS  of_IO  moonlight_NN  striking_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  glade_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fairies_NNS  Herne's_PPIO2  oak_NN  split_VVD  asunder_RR  and_CC  soared_VVD  aloft_RR  ,_,  never_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  again_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  ourselves_PPX2  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  inn_NN  courtyard_NN    but_CCB  a_AT1  courtyard_NN  transformed_VBN  into_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  dream-pageant_NN  as_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  conjured_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  Chagall_NP  given_VBN  unlimited_JJ  funds_NNS  to_TO  stage_VV0  a_AT1  party_NN  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bestegui_NP  or_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Onassis_NP  .  
  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1    the_AT1  clowning_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  prettiness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  slapstick_NN  and_CC  whimsy_NN  and_CC  phantasmagoria_NN    Verdi's_PPIO2  simplicity_NN  and_CC  honesty_NN  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wayside_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  compensations_NNS  are_VBR  great_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  side_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  showy_JJ  production_NN  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  phrase_NN  seem_VV0  natural_JJ  .  
  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  Luigi_NP  Alva_NP  and_CC  Signora_NNSB1  Freni_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  lovers_NNS  .  
  Signor_NNSB1  Giulini_NP  excels_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  purely_RR  lyrical_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  details_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  handled_VBN  with_IO  loving_JJ  care_NN  ;_;  where_CS breadth_NN  and_CC  robustness_NN  are_VBR  demanded_VBN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  less_RG  happy_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Evans_NP  continues_VBZ  to_TO  ripen_VV0  and_CC  improve_VV0  his_APP$  distinguished_JJ  Falstaff_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  expect_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  this_DD1  impersonation_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  best_JJT  until_CS  it_PPH1  figures_VBZ  within_IO  a_AT1  less_RG  confusing_JJ  framework_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  national_JJ  opera_NN  company_NN  began_VVD  an_AT1  enterprising_JJ  week_NN  of_IO  opera_NN  at_IO  Sadler's_PPIO2  Wells_NP  with_IO  two_MC  much_RR  earlier_JJ  Verdi_NP  operas_NNS  :_:  the_AT1    Nabucco_NP    of_IO  1842_MC  and_CC    la_&FW  battaglia_&FW  di_&FW  Legnano_&FW    of_IO  1849_MC  .  
  both_DB2  were_VBDR  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Bournemouth_NP  orchestra_NN  and_CC  conducted_VBN  by_IO  Charles_NP  Groves_NP  with_IO  no_AT1  very_RG  marked_JJ  feeling_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  style_NN  .  
    Nabucco_NP    was_VBDZ  in_IO  all_DB  essentials_NNS  the_AT1  production_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  seen_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  twice_RR  before_II  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  distinguished_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  Abigail_NP  (_(  Elizabeth_NP  Vaughan_NP  )_)  who_PNQS tackled_VVD  her_APP$  very_RG  difficult_JJ  music_NN  with_IO  remarkable_JJ  aplomb_NN  and_CC  accuracy_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  enrich_VV0  her_APP$  timbre_NN  she_PPHO1  might_VM  go_VV0  far_RR  .  
  both_DB2  operas_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  stirring_JJ  choral_JJ  scenes_NNS  ,_,  sung_VBN  vigorously_RR  but_CCB  with_IO  a_AT1  faulty_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  legato_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  choir_NN  .  
  drastic_JJ  treatment_NN  was_VBDZ  again_RR  meted_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  Verdi_NP  in_IO    la_&FW  battaglia_&FW  di_&FW  Legnano_&FW  ,_,    which_DDQ  lost_VVD  all_DB  connection_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  press_NN  statement_NN  called_VVD    a_AT1  rather_RR  dated_JJ  incident_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  12th_MD  century_NN    and_CC  was_VBDZ  lugged_VBN  forward_RR  into_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  by_IO  John_NP  Moody_NP  ,_,  to_TO  become_VV0  an_AT1  episode_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  resistance_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  modern_JJ  diction_NN  and_CC  ways_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  were_VBDR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  not_XX  consistently_RR  adopted_VBN  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  Verdi's_PPIO2  furious_JJ  cabalettas_NNS  (_(  husband_NN  discovering_VBG  wife's_NN1$  supposed_JJ  infidelity_NN  )_)      trema_&FW  !_!  trema_&FW  !_!  coppia_&FW  esecrata_&FW  !_!    became_VVD      damn_VV0  you_PPY  !_!  damn_VV0  you_PPY  !_!  pair_NN  of_IO  dirty_JJ  liars_NNS  !_!    ;_;  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  wife_NN  popped_VVD  a_AT1  compromising_JJ  letter_NN  into_IO  her_APP$    bosom_NN    (_(  standard_JJ  post-box_NN  for_IO  operatic_JJ  missives_NNS  )_)  ,_,  it_PPH1  instantly_RR    stung_VVD  her_PPHO1  like_IO  a_AT1  serpent_NN  .    
  notwithstanding_IO  such_DA  quaint_JJ  distractions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  power_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  Verdi's_PPIO2  invention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  acts_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  perceived_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  singing_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  Heather_NP  Harper_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  opera_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  deserve_VV0  our_APP$  gratitude_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  learn_VV0  much_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  vocal_JJ  style_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  surprisingly_RR  vocal_JJ  performance_NN  of_IO  Rossini's_PPIO2    Otello_NP    by_IO  the_AT1  Philopera_NP  circle_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  to_TO  add_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  or_CC  two_MC  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  Welsh_JJ  night_NN  .  
  between_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  and_CC  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  ensure_VV0  that_CS  not_XX  a_AT1  note_NN  written_VBN  by_IO  Verdi_NP  remains_VBZ  unheard_JJ  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  national_JJ  opera_NN  company_NN  for_IO  bringing_VBG  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  May_NN1  night_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  Rimsky-Korsakov_NP  opera_NN  to_IO  Sadler's_PPIO2  Wells_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  theatre_NN  which_DDQ  knew_VVD    snow_NN  maiden_NN    and_CC    Tsar_NNSB1  Saltan_NP    in_IO  pre-war_JB  days_NNS  .  
    May_NN1  night_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  folksy_JJ  precursor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  sophisticated_JJ  orientalisms_NNS  of_IO    Sadko_NP    and_CC    the_AT1  golden_JJ  cockerel_NN  ,_,    proved_VVD  a_AT1  happy_JJ  choice_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  pleasing_JJ  voices_NNS  of_IO  John_NP  Wakefield_NP  (_(  Levko_NP  )_)  ,_,  Iona_NP  Jones_NP  (_(  Anna_NP  )_)  and_CC  Heather_NP  Harper_NP  (_(  Queen_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Roussalki_NP2  )_)  well-suited_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  melodic_JJ  grace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  male_JJ  topers_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  Harold_NP  Blackburn_NP  ,_,  Laurie_NP  Payne_NP  and_CC  Stephen_NP  Manton_NP  ,_,  entered_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  piece_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  Phyllis_NP  Ash_NP  Child's_PPIO2  completely_RR  un-shrewish_JJ  sister-in-law_NN  .  
  Sally_NP  Hulke's_PPIO2  sets_NNS  and_CC  John_NP  Moody's_PPIO2  production_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  ,_,  provided_VVD  more_RG  acceptable_JJ  contributions_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  Bournemouth_NP  symphony_NN  orchestra_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  neat_JJ  rhythmic_JJ  response_NN  to_IO  Charles_NP  Makerras's_PPIO2  conducting_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  often_RR  wide_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  in_IO  pitch_NN  .  
  Boito's_PPIO2    Mefistofele_NP    remains_VBZ  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  most_RG  imaginative_JJ  production_NN  .  
  triumphing_VBG  ingeniously_RR  over_IO  space_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  depicts_VBZ  heaven_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  witches'_NN2  sabbath_NN  as_RG  successfully_RR  as_IO  Faust's_PPIO2  study_NN  .  
  Raimund_NP  Herinex_NP  has_VHZ  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  right_JJ  voice_NN  and_CC  manner_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prince_NN  of_IO  evil_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rejuvenation_NN  brings_VBZ  Tano_NP  Ferendino's_PPIO2  Faust_NP  no_AT1  increased_JJ  vocal_JJ  confidence_NN  .  
  under_IO  Warwick_NP  Braithwaite_NP  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  recovered_VVD  pitch_NN  ,_,  while_CS  sagging_JJ  intonation_NN  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  footlights_NNS  ,_,  weighing_VBG  heavier_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  angelic_JJ  chorus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prologue_NN  than_IO  their_APP$  golden_JJ  wings_NNS  .  
  \0F_NP  \0A_NP  .  
  ballet_NN  .  
  by_IO  Richard_NP  Buckle_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  every_AT1  guru_NN  knows_VBZ  .  
  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  night_NN  ,_,  when_CS my_APP$  pampered_JJ  colleagues_NNS  were_VBDR  borne_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  capacious_JJ  palanquins_NNS  either_LE  to_IO    Zeffirelli's_PPIO2  (_(  Verdi's_PPIO2  (_(  Shakespeare's_PPIO2  )_)  )_)      Falstaff_NP    or_CC  to_TO  see_VV0  those_DD2  onychophorous_JJ  ootocoids_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Fortune_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  Cinderella_NP  among_IO  critics_NNS  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  alone_JJ  and_CC  on_IO  foot_NN  to_TO  watch_VV0  Indian_JJ  dancing_NN  at_IO  La_NP  Scala_NP  in_IO  Charlotte_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  technique_NN  of_IO  Kamala_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  sisters_NNS  performing_VBG  ,_,    is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  enveable_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  above_IO  controversy_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  learnt_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  Bharata_NP  Natya_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  by_RP  .  
  Radha_NP  and_CC  Vasanti_NP  are_VBR  graceful_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  how_CS their_APP$  brother_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kumar_NP  got_VVD  on_IO  stage_NN  that_CS  beats_VBZ  me_PPIO1    unless_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  really_RR  Peter_NP  Sellers_NP  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  performance_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  guessed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  watching_VBG  his_APP$  kid_NN  sisters_NNS  perfecting_VBG  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  their_APP$  art_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  in_RP  on_IO  it_PPH1  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  forbade_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  appear_VV0  without_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  Romeo_NP  Coates_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  utterly_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  mission_NN  .  
    dance_NN  inspires_VBZ  him_PPHO1  ceaselessly_RR  to_TO  strive_VV0  higher_RRR  and_CC  higher_RRR  towards_IO  the_AT1  shining_JJ  pinnacle_NN  of_IO  perfection_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  goal_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  artiste_NN  .    
  Kathak_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  swift_JJ  spins_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  bedizened_JJ  boys_NNS  used_VVD  to_TO  dance_VV0  before_IO  Mogul_NP  Emperors_NNSB2  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kumar_NP  rashly_RR  did_VDD  it_PPH1  stripped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  long_JJ  hair_NN  arranged_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  untidy_JJ  bird's-nest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  got_VVD  up_RP  much_DA  speed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  few_DA  turns_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  fix_VV0  us_PPIO2   with_IO  a_AT1  basilisk_NN  stare_NN  ,_,  make_VV0  odd_JJ  pointing_JJ  gestures_NNS  and_CC  keep_VV0  improvising_VBG  for_IO  about_RR  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  polite_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  drive_VV0  him_PPHO1  offstage_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  burst_NN  of_IO  applause_NN  only_RR  spurred_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  .  
  eventually_RR  his_APP$  attention_NN  wandered_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  eye_NN  hit_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  ground_NN  mike_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  footlights_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  bright_JJ  idea_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  dancing_VBG  ,_,  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  mike_NN  upstage_RR  and_CC  ,_,  indicating_VBG  his_APP$  anklets_NNS  of_IO  bells_NNS  ,_,  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   
    now_RL  I_PPIS1  will_VM  make_VV0  you_PPY  hear_VV0  one_MC1  bell_NN    just_RR  one_MC1  bell_NN  ,_,  not_XX  four_MC  hundred_MC  .    
  starting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  carillon_NN  (_(  if_CS  someone_PN1  had_VHD  not_XX  turned_VBN  off_RP  the_AT1  mike_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  deafened_VBN  )_)  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  shuddering_JJ  Antonio-type_JB  diminuendo_NN  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  not_XX  one_MC1  bell_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  six_MC  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  dancing_VBG  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  able_JJ  drummer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flautist_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ    a_AT1  worthy_JJ  disciple_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  living_JJ  flute_NN  wizard_NN  Sri_NP  \0T_NP  \0R_NP  Mahalingam_NP  ,_,    Mali_NP  to_IO  his_APP$  innumerable_JJ  fans_NNS    ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1  nice_JJ  lady_NN  singer_NN  who_PNQS let_VVD  it_PPH1  be_VB0  known_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    married_VBN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Narian_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dancing_NN  partner_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  veteran_NN  dancer_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ramgopal_NP    seemed_VVD  embarrassed_JJ  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  exchanged_VVD  looks_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  neighbour_NN  who_PNQS happened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  one-year-old_JB  (_(  yes_UH  )_)  Indian_JJ  boy_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  fur_NN  coat_NN  .  
  records_NNS  .  
  hands_NNS  and_CC  feet_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Felix_NP  Aprahamian_NP  .  
  recording_NN  companies_NNS  no_RR  longer_RRR  neglect_VV0  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  instruments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  recent_JJ  spate_NN  of_IO  organ_NN  records_NNS  reflects_VBZ  the_AT1  younger_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  discriminating_JJ  organ_NN  fanciers'_NN2  demands_NNS  for_IO  authenticity_NN  of_IO  timbre_NN  and_CC  interpretation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fascination_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  bugbear_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  organ_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  no_AT1  two_MC  are_VBR  alike_JJ  in_IO  specification_NN  or_CC  sound_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  discs_NNS  of_IO  organ_NN  music_NN  played_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  instrument_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  conceived_VBN  deserve_VV0  an_AT1  especial_JJ  welcome_NN  .  
  some_DD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  remain_VV0  curiosities_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  performances_NNS  :_:  Widor_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  octogenarian_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  recorded_VVD  his_APP$  toccata_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  organist's_NN1$  warhorse_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Saint-Sulpice_NP  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  his_APP$  pupil_NN  and_CC  successor_NN  ,_,  Marcel_NP  Dupre*?2_NP  ,_,  himself_PPX1  in_IO  his_APP$  seventies_MC2  and_CC  a_AT1  pioneer_NN  of_IO  organ_NN  records_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  re-recorded_VBN  it_PPH1  there_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  coupling_NN  with_IO  Widor's_PPIO2  fifth_MD  and_CC    Gothic_JJ    symphonies_NNS  which_DDQ  shows_VBZ  how_CS well_RR  his_APP$  master_NN    scored_VVD    for_IO  his_APP$  beloved_JJ  Cavaille*?2-Coll_NP  instrument_NN  .  
  (_(  Westminster_NP    mono_JJ  only_RR  .  )_)  
  Mercury_NP  issue_VV0  five_MC  discs_NNS  of_IO  Dupre*?2_NP  at_IO  Saint-Sulpice_NP  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  two_MC  are_VBR  of_IO  particular_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  \0Vol_NN  2_MC  consisting_VBG  entirely_RR  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Vol_NN  5_MC  which_DDQ  also_RR  includes_VBZ    les_&FW  bergers_&FW  ,_,    by_IO  his_APP$  one-time_JB  pupil_NN  Olivier_NP  Messaien_NP  .  
  noisy_JJ  surfaces_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  right_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  another_DD1  Dupre*?2_NP  pupil_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Belgian_NN1  Flor_NP  Peeters_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  recorded_VBN  some_DD  pre-Bach_JB  organ_NN  music_NN  from_IO  north_NN1  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Netherlands_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Schnitger_NP  rebuild_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Michael's_PPIO2  ,_,  Zwolle_NP  .  
  clearer_JJ  music_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  clearer_JJ  sound_NN  .  
  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  record_NN  .  
  (_(  \0HMV_NP    mono_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  novel_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  tutor_NN  in_IO  moral_JJ  philosophy_NN  raises_VBZ  an_AT1  intriguing_JJ  question_NN  .  
  why_CS has_VHZ  this_DD1  face_NN  appeared_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  best-sellers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  page_NN    by_IO  Robert_NP  Pitman_NP  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  recognise_VV0  that_DD1  heavy_JJ  and_CC  somewhat_RR  sullen_JJ  face_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  fond_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  fashion_NN  you_PPY  certainly_RR  ought_VM  to_TO  .  
  for_IO  weeks_NNS  now_RL  those_DD2  thick-lidded_JJ  and_CC  decidedly_RR  untwinkling_JJ  eyes_NNS  have_VH0  stared_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  readers_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  literary_JJ  magazines_NNS  and_CC  review_NN  pages_NNS  .  
  for_IO  weeks_NNS  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  her_APP$  name_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  best-selling_JJ  novelists_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Iris_NP  Murdoch_NP  ,_,  tutor_NN  in_IO  moral_JJ  philosophy_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Anne's_PPIO2  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  ;_;  wife_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Bayley_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  fellow_JB  don_NN  ;_;  and_CC  author_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  severed_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  June_NN1  amid_IO  a_AT1  loud_JJ  cooing_NN  of_IO  intellectual_JJ  approval_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  several_DA  books_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  suddenly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  fifth_MD  novel_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  sifted_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  priests_NNS  of_IO  culture_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  honours_NNS  list_NN  .  
  her_APP$  name_NN  has_VHZ  acquired_VBN  an_AT1  almost_RR  visible_JJ  halo_NN  .  
  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS wish_VV0  to_TO  impress_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  plopped_VBN  confidently_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  conversation_NN  like_IO  French_JJ  seasoning_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  salad_NN  .  
  soon_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  quite_RR  afford_VV0  Scandinavian_JJ  cutlery_NN  or_CC  furniture_NN  from_IO  Heals_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  latest_JJT  Iris_NP  Murdoch_NP  in_IO  their_APP$  sitting-rooms_NNS  instead_RR  .  
  and_CC  soon_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  interviewer_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  programme_NN    monitor_NN    will_VM  be_VB0  leading_VBG  \0TV_NN  cameras_NNS  around_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  house_NN  at_IO  Steeple_NP  Aston_NP  outside_IO  Oxford_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  awed_JJ  ,_,  hushed_JJ  tread_NN  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  cathedral_NN  .  
  degenerate_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  despite_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  attention_NN  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  has_VHZ  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1  really_RR  outstanding_JJ  characteristic_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  new_JJ  novel_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  its_APP$  style_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  often_RR  pretentious_JJ  and_CC  sometimes_RR  a_RR  little_RR  lame_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  its_APP$  characters_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  unbelievable_JJ  ,_,  nor_CC  its_APP$  background_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  inaccurate_JJ  and_CC  unreal_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  story_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  moral_JJ  philosophy_NN  department_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  utterly_RR  degenerate_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  epithet_NN  I_PPIS1  rarely_RR  use_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  page_NN  .  
  even_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  justified_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  silence_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  too_RG  many_DA  booksellers_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  all_DB  by_IO  any_DD  means_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  streets_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS gloat_VV0  over_IO  condemnation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  wares_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  relish_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  some_DD  film_NN  distributors_NNS  greet_VV0  an_AT1    X_ZZ1    certificate_NN  .  
  yet_RR  a_AT1  severed_JJ  head_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  given_VBN  its_APP$    X_ZZ1    by_IO  the_AT1  mandarin_NN  reviewers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  coy_JJ  or_CC  leering_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  its_APP$  plot_NN  have_VH0  kept_VBN  it_PPH1  selling_VBG  well_RR  for_IO  weeks_NNS  on_IO  end_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  place_NN  to_TO  offer_VV0  a_AT1  corrective_NN  .  
  pleased_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  severed_JJ  head_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wine_NN  merchant_NN  named_VBN  Martin_NP  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  watching_VBG  his_APP$  mistress_NN  ,_,  Georgie_NP  Hands_NP  ,_,  while_CS  (_(    with_IO  a_AT1  tense_JJ  demure_JJ  consciousness_NN    of_IO  his_APP$  gaze_NN  )_)  she_PPHO1  draws_VBZ  on_RP  the_AT1  peacock-blue_JJ  stockings_NNS  which_DDQ  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  has_VHZ  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  is_VBZ  pleased_JJ  with_IO  life_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  Antonia_NP  ,_,  though_CS  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  older_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  intellectually_RR  stimulating_JJ    and_CC  knows_VBZ  nothing_PN1  about_IO  Georgie_NP  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  piece_NN  by_IO  piece_NN  ,_,  Lynch-Gibbon's_PPIO2  complacency_NN  is_VBZ  shattered_VBN  .  
  Antonia_NP  falls_VBZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  American_JJ  psychiatrist_NN  and_CC  goes_VBZ  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  psychiatrist's_NN1$  ugly_JJ  but_CCB  mysterious_JJ  half-sister_NN  ,_,  Honor_NP  Klein_NP  ,_,  also_RR  upsets_VBZ  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  by_IO  finding_VBG  out_RP  about_IO  Georgie_NP  and_CC  telling_VBG  Antonia_NP  .  
  a_AT1  penitent_JJ  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  is_VBZ  severely_RR  rebuked_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  psychiatrist_NN  lover_NN  for_IO  deceiving_VBG  them_PPHO1  over_IO  Georgie_NP  .  
  then_RL  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  fight_NN  with_IO  Honor_NP  Klein_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  cellar_NN  (_(    she_PPHO1  came_VVD  against_IO  me_PPIO1  with_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  pushing_VBG  and_CC  clawing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  endeavoured_VVD  to_TO  drive_VV0  her_APP$  knee_NN  into_IO  my_APP$  stomach_NN  .    )_)  .  
  after_IO  this_DD1  encounter_NN  ,_,  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  decides_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  fascinated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  rather_RR  repellent_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Klein_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  to_IO  her_APP$  house_NN  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  gets_VBZ  in_RP  through_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finds_VBZ  her_PPHO1  in_IO  bed_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  psychiatrist_NN  half-brother_NN  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  ends_VBZ  Georgie_NP  gives_VBZ  herself_PPX1  first_RR  to_IO  Lynch-Gibbon's_PPIO2  brother_NN  ,_,  Alexander_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_IO  the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  .  
  Antonia_NP  leaves_VBZ  the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  Alexander_NP  .  
  and_CC  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  is_VBZ  left_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  incestuous_JJ  ,_,  slightly-moustached_JB  Miss_NNSB1  Klein_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  also_RR  mention_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  humourless_JJ  couplings_NNS  Lynch-Gibbon_NP  suffers_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  homosexual_JJ  liking_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  too_RR  .  
  such_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  novel_NN  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cyril_NP  Connolly_NP  greeted_VVD  as_IO    a_AT1  heaven-sent_JJ  gift_NN    and_CC  which_DDQ  led_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Pryce-Jones_NP  to_TO  exclaim_VV0      she_PPHO1  triumphs_VBZ  ,_,    and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kenneth_NP  Allsop_NP  ,_,  the_AT1    tonight_NN1    interviewer_NN  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  as_IO  his_APP$  judgment_NN  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  rare_JJ  universal_JJ  eye_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  novelist_NN  .    
  which_DDQ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  decide_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  all_DB  my_APP$  rare_JJ  universal_JJ  eye_NN  and_CC  Betty_NP  Martin_NP  .  
  so_RG  wrong_JJ  .  
  true_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  praise_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  unrelieved_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Connolly_NP  himself_PPX1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  chosen_VBN  a_AT1  wine_NN  merchant_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  hero_NN  ,_,  goes_VBZ  wrong_RR  over_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  detail_NN  concerning_IO  wine_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Philip_NP  Toynbee_NP  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  justice_NN  ,_,  wrote_VVD  :_:  
    though_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  wish_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  admire_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  ,_,  except_IO  Honor_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  demand_VV0  of_IO  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  credulity_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sympathy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  concern_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  found_VBN  quite_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Peter_NP  Forster_NP  likened_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  dialogue_NN  to_IO  Ethel_NP  \0M_NP  Dell_NP  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  striking_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  critics_NNS  challenged_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  novel_NN  on_IO  moral_JJ  grounds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  ask_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  denounce_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  pornography_NN  .  
  a_AT1  severed_JJ  head_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  pornography_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  stuffed_JJ  with_IO  turgid_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  meaningless_JJ  symbolism_NN  that_CS  only_RR  an_AT1  extreme_JJ  masochist_NN  could_VM  drive_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_TO  read_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  kicks_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  propagandist_JJ  as_CS  Lolita_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  enthuse_VV0  over_IO  incest_NN  or_CC  homosexuality_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  enthuse_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  worse_RRR    it_PPH1  merely_RR  yawns_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  enshrines_VBZ  the_AT1  bored_JJ  and_CC  disgusted-by-nothing_JB  attitude_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  shallow_JJ  but_CCB  influential_JJ  clique_NN  which_DDQ  dominates_VBZ  the_AT1  literary_JJ  weeklies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  brains_NNS  trust_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  tries_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  normal_JJ  ,_,  human_JJ  ,_,  shockable_JJ  people_NNS  feel_VV0  like_IO  country_NN  cousins_NNS  or_CC  like_IO  the_AT1    pi_ZZ1    little_JJ  boys_NNS  who_PNQS dare_VV0  to_TO  remain_VV0  mute_JJ  while_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dormitory_NN  is_VBZ  giggling_VBG  over_IO  dirty_JJ  stories_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  critics_NNS  who_PNQS praised_VVD  Lolita_NP  defended_VVD  the_AT1  author's_NN1$  moral_JJ  notions_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  such_DA  defence_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch_NP    the_AT1  critics_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  sophisticated_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  which_DDQ  needed_VVD  defending_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  observer_NN  wrote_VVD  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  serious_JJ  ,_,  leftish_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  high-minded_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  brain_NN  tempered_VBN  by_IO  good_JJ  sense_NN  :_:  an_AT1  English_JJ  university_NN  seems_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  background_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  but_CCB  is_VBZ    high_NC2    the_AT1  most_RG  apt_JJ  word_NN  for_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  mind_NN  .  
  for_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  her_APP$  only_DA  puzzling_JJ  novel_NN  .  
  in_IO  her_PPHO1  often_RR  brilliantly_RR  funny_JJ  second_MD  book_NN  ,_,  flight_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  enchanter_NN  ,_,  Rosa_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  upper-middle-class_JB  young_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  befriends_VBZ  two_MC  Poles_NP2  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  meets_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  factory_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  teaches_VBZ  them_PPHO1  English_NN1  in_IO  their_APP$  sordid_JJ  room_NN  in_IO  Pimlico_NP  while_CS  their_APP$  aged_JJ  mother_NN  ,_,  lying_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  mattress_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  looks_VBZ  on_RP  .  
  occasionally_RR  the_AT1  brothers_NNS  dance_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  or_CC  prod_VV0  her_PPHO1  with_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  cries_VBZ  :_:  
    you_PPY  old_JJ  rubbish_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  old_JJ  sack_NN  !_!  
  we_PPIS2  soon_RR  kill_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  you_PPY  under_IO  floorboards_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  not_XX  stink_VV0  there_RL  worse_RRR  than_CS  here_RL  !_!    
  watching_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  Rosa_NP  goes_VBZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  brothers_NNS  and_CC  finds_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Stefan_NP  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  takes_VBZ  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  make_VV0  love_NN  now_RL  ,_,  Rosa_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  .    
    your_APP$  mother_NN  !_!    exclaims_VBZ  Rosa_NP  ,_,  noticing_VBG  the_AT1  old_JJ  lady's_NN1$  watching_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    she_PPHO1  not_XX  see_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  hear_VV0  ,_,    is_VBZ  the_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  Rosa_NP  finds_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  brother_NN  ,_,  Jan_NP  ,_,  waiting_VBG  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  at_IO  Pimlico_NP  ,_,  Rosa_NP  asks_VBZ  :_:  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  about_IO  Stefan_NP  .    
  Jan_NP  replies_VBZ  sternly_RR  :_:  
    of_RR  course_RR  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  is_VBZ  me_PPIO1  .    
  of_IO  this_DD1  incident_NN  one_MC1  critic_NN  has_VHZ  written_VBN  :_:    
    this_DD1  whole_JJ  episode_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  brutal_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  equivocal_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  pity_NN  :_:  the_AT1  revulsion_NN  of_IO  feeling_NN  which_DDQ  an_AT1  unequal_JJ  relationship_NN  inspires_VBZ  .    
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  stud-farm_NN  entanglements_NNS  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  book_NN  are_VBR  also_RR  a_AT1  brutal_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  something's_PN$  equivocal_JJ  nature_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  even_RR  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  most_RG  distinguished_JJ  admirers_NNS  seem_VV0  unable_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  that_DD1  something_PN1  is_VBZ  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2  publishers_NNS  claim_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  severed_JJ  head_NN    is_VBZ  as_RG  exciting_JJ  as_IO  treasure_NN  island_NN  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  ultra-sophisticated_JJ  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  comparisons_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  people_NNS  like_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch_NP  are_VBR  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  rebels_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  teachers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  little_DA  wonder_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  are_VBR  occasionally_RR  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  yellow_JJ  golliwogs_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  squares_NNS  like_IO  \0R_NP  \0L_NP  Stevenson_NP  .  
  disturbing_JJ    this_DD1  novel_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  top_JB  tory_NN  .  
  now_RL  for_IO  another_DD1  disturbing_JJ  novel_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  (_(  Hamish_NP  Hamilton_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  by_IO  Maurice_NP  Edelman_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  suave_JJ  ,_,  culture-loving_JJ  and_CC  luxuriantly_RR  good-looking_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  who_PNQS represents_VBZ  the_AT1  car-workers_NNS  of_IO  Coventry_NP  North_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edelman_NP  has_VHZ  himself_PPX1  made_VBN  an_AT1  intense_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  political_JJ  novels_NNS  .  
  to_IO  literary_JJ  societies_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  lectured_VBN  in_IO  languorous_JJ  tones_NNS  about_IO  John_NP  Galt_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS wrote_VVD  the_AT1  borough_NN  (_(  subject_NN  :_:  political_JJ  jobbery_NN  )_)  in_IO  1832_MC  ,_,  and_CC  about_IO  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  \0W_NP  Mason_NP  ,_,  best-known_JJT  for_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  feathers_NNS  but_CCB  also_RR  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turnstile_NN  (_(  based_VBN  on_IO  Mason's_PPIO2  own_DA  brief_JJ  career_NN  as_IO  liberal_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Coventry_NP  )_)  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  Edelman_NP  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  a_AT1  novel_NN  which_DDQ  itself_PPX1  deserves_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  place_NN  indeed_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  fiction_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  the_AT1  novel_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  enjoyed_VBN  most_RBT  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  a_AT1  reservation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  tells_VBZ  how_CS Melville_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  tory_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  achieves_VBZ  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  tory_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  becomes_VBZ  tory_JJ  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  public_JJ  triumph_NN  is_VBZ  hollow_JJ  since_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  simultaneously_RR  discovered_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  plain_JJ  but_CCB  well-loved_JJ  wife_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  allowed_VBN  herself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  loved_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  brother_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  by_IO  other_DA  friends_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  set_VBN  against_IO  this_DD1  theme_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  how_CS Melville_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  said_VBN  :_:    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  the_AT1  African_NN1  to_TO  be_VB0  my_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,    adds_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  indiscreet_JJ  whisper_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  not_XX  my_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  .    
  the_AT1  pretty_JJ  lady_NN  at_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  indiscretion_NN  is_VBZ  directed_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  mistress_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  opposition_NN  leader_NN  .  
  duly_RR  circulated_VBN  and_CC  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  stirs_VBZ  riots_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  almost_RR  wrecks_VBZ  Melville's_PPIO2  career_NN  .  
  why_CS do_VD0  I_PPIS1  call_VV0  the_AT1  novel_NN  disturbing_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  because_IO  of_II  Edelman's_PPIO2  approach_NN  to_IO  morals_NNS  which_DDQ    unlike_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Murdoch's_PPIO2    is_VBZ  both_DB2  adult_JJ  and_CC  real_JJ  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  disturbing_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  that_CS  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  artificial_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  too_RG  often_RR  rings_VBZ  frighteningly_RR  true_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  malice_NN  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  portrays_VBZ  a_AT1  tory_JJ  leadership_NN  whose_PNQV$  aim_NN  ,_,  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  free_JJ  from_IO  any_DD  supposedly_RR  naive_JJ  ,_,  old-fashioned_JJ  notions_NNS  about_IO  patriotism_NN  or_CC  empire_NN  or_CC  national_JJ  greatness_NN  .  
  a_AT1  leadership_NN  which_DDQ  thinks_VBZ  it_PPH1  oh-so-civilised_JJ  and_CC  cultured_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  just_RR  a_RR  little_RR  weary_JJ  and_CC  cynical_JJ  about_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  socialist_NN  Edelman_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  present_VV0  this_DD1  portrait_NN  with_IO  political_JJ  malice_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  despite_IO  his_APP$  Coventry_NP  connections_NNS  the_AT1  Melville_NP  attitude_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  attitude_NN  too_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  draw_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  fairy-tale_NN  element_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  otherwise_RR  true-to-life_JB  novel_NN  .  
  in_IO  avoiding_VBG  any_DD  appearance_NN  of_IO  party_NN  prejudice_NN  ,_,  Edelman_NP  goes_VBZ  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  put_VV0  epigrams_NNS    yes_UH  ,_,  actual_JJ  epigrams_NNS    into_IO  the_AT1  mouths_NNS  of_IO  everyday_JB  tory_NN  back-benchers_NNS  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  intriguing_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  mists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sad_JJ  ,_,  macabre_JJ  tale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bride_NN  they_PPHS2  called_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Fuegia_NP  Basket_NP  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  page_NN  .  
  by_IO  Robert_NP  Pitman_NP  .  
  just_RR  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  seas_NNS  that_PNQS surge_VV0  and_CC  shriek_VV0  round_IO  Cape_NNL1  Horn_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  land_NN  mass_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  America_NP  tails_VBZ  away_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  mist_NN  ,_,  sleet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  death_NN  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  there_RL  ,_,  scratching_VBG  a_AT1  bare_JJ  living_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  or_CC  wading_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  ice-cold_JJ  surf_NN  to_TO  collect_VV0  limpets_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  still_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  wretched_JJ  on_IO  earth_NN  .  
  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  their_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  even_RR  more_RG  desolate_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  today_NN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fashionable_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  people_NNS  north_NN1  of_IO  Cape_NNL1  Horn_NP  had_VHD  solved_VBN  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  folk_NNS  .  
  in_IO  times_NNS  of_IO  famine_NN  they_PPHS2  ate_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  out_RP  of_IO  that_DD1  sleet_NN  and_CC  mist_NN  comes_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  saddest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  macabre_JJ  little_JJ  stories_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  read_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  wonders_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  editors_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  Lincoln_NP  Barnett_NP  (_(  Prentice-Hall_NNL1  ,_,  70_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  to_TO  shudder_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  budding_JJ  biologist_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  midst_NN  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  more_RR  than_RR  worth_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  wonderful_JJ  photographs_NNS  and_CC  paintings_NNS  it_PPH1  parades_VBZ  the_AT1  bizarre_JJ  quirks_NNS  of_IO  evolution_NN    such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  dawn-flying_JJ  silk_NN  moth_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  absurdly_RR  long_JJ  wing-filaments_NNS  which_DDQ  rustle_VV0  while_CS  it_PPH1  flies_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  filaments_NNS  act_VV0  like_IO  the_AT1  tin-foil_NN  dropped_VBN  by_IO  bombers_NNS  to_TO  deceive_VV0  radar_NN  .  
  a_AT1  unique_JJ  tone_NN  of_IO  voice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complete_JJ  poems_NNS  of_IO  Cavafy_NP  .  
  translated_VBN  by_IO  Rae_NP  Dalven_NP  .  234_MC  \0pp_NNU2  Hogarth_NP  press_NN  .  25_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  any_DD  new_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  Cavafy_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  claims_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0    complete_JJ      and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  complete_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  covers_VBZ  all_DB  those_DD2  poems_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  been_VBN  published_VBN  in_IO  Greek_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  previous_JJ  collection_NN  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  translated_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Mavrogordato_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  difficult_JJ  to_TO  acquire_VV0  .  
  thus_RR  this_DD1  new_JJ  work_NN  fulfils_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  need_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  Cavafy's_PPIO2  most_RG  celebrated_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  characteristic_JJ  poems_NNS  were_VBDR  written_VBN  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1911_MC  and_CC  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  poems_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  subsequent_JJ  year_NN  until_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  in_IO  1933_MC  .  
  to_IO  English_JJ  readers_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  first_RR  introduced_VBN  by_IO  \0E_NP  \0M_NP  Forster_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  Pharos_NP  and_CC  Pharillon_NP  ,_,  published_VBN  in_IO  1923_MC  ,_,  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  witty_JJ  and_CC  affectionate_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poet_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  the_AT1  significant_JJ  words_NNS    .  a_AT1  Greek_JJ  gentleman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  straw_NN  hat_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  absolutely_RR  motionless_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  angle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  universe_NN    .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  is_VBZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1    slight_JJ  angle_NN    implies_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  eccentricity_NN  (_(  and_CC  Cavafy_NP  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  eccentric_JJ  )_)  ;_;  it_PPH1  reminds_VBZ  one_MC1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  leve_&FW  clinamen_&FW  of_IO  Lucretius_NP    the_AT1  slight_JJ  deviation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  regular_JJ  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  all_DB  creation_NN  .  
  for_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  things_NNS  which_DDQ  strikes_VBZ  one_MC1  about_IO  Cavafy_NP  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unique_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  point_NN  well_RR  made_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  introduction_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  read_VBN  translations_NNS  of_IO  Cavafy_NP  made_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  different_JJ  hands_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  every_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  immediately_RR  recognizable_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  poem_NN  by_IO  Cavafy_NP  ;_;  nobody_PN1  else_RR  could_VM  possibly_RR  have_VH0  written_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_CS  all_DB  translations_NNS  of_IO  Cavafy_NP  are_VBR  equally_RR  good_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  mean_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  translate_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  positively_RR  misleading_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  authentic_JJ  voice_NN  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  through_RP  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  translation_NN  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Rae_NP  Dalven_NP  is_VBZ  no_AT1  exception_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  one_MC1  may_VM  deplore_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  insensitivity_NN  to_IO  rhythm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  one_MC1  may_VM  wish_VV0  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Dalven_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  more_RG  ambitious_JJ    had_VHD  attempted_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  to_TO  reproduce_VV0  the_AT1  rhyme_NN  which_DDQ  Cavafy_NP  uses_VBZ  in_IO  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  poems_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  careful_JJ  and_CC  exact_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  calls_VBZ  Cavafy's_PPIO2    unique_JJ  tone_NN  of_IO  voice_NN    is_VBZ  everywhere_RR  recognizable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  gracefully_RR  represented_VBN  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  translations_NNS  of_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Mavrogordato_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  quantity_NN  this_DD1  volume_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  advantage_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfortunately_RR  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  reader_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  greatly_RR  helped_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden's_PPIO2  introduction_NN  .  
  early_RR  on_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  comes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  odd_JJ  conclusion_NN  that_CS    if_CS  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  Cavafy's_PPIO2  poetry_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  unique_JJ  tone_NN  of_IO  voice_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  for_IO  a_AT1  critic_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  criticism_NN  can_VM  only_RR  make_VV0  comparisons_NNS    .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  prevent_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  from_IO  going_VBG  on_RP  himself_PPX1  for_IO  seven_MC  closely_RR  printed_VBN  pages_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  contain_VV0  few_DA    comparisons_NNS    .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  pages_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  very_RG  illuminating_JJ  .  
  much_RR  more_RG  sensitive_JJ  and_CC  thorough_JJ  studies_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Maurice_NP  Bowra's_PPIO2  the_AT1  creative_JJ  experiment_NN  and_CC  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Sherrard's_PPIO2  the_AT1  marble_NN  threshing_NN  floor_NN  .  
  these_DD2  writers_NNS  are_VBR  aware_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  function_NN  of_IO  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  explain_VV0  and_CC  they_PPHS2  avoid_VV0  such_DA  nearly_RR  meaningless_JJ  statements_NNS  as_IO  ,_,  
    Cavafy_NP  has_VHZ  three_MC  principal_JB  concerns_NNS  :_:  love_NN  ,_,  art_NN  ,_,  and_CC  politics_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  Greek_JJ  sense_NN    .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  the_AT1  politics_NN  of_IO  Homer_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Pericles_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Aristotle_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  remote_JJ  from_IO  Cavafy_NP  than_IO  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  case_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Greek's_NNP$  place_NN  in_IO  history_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  view_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  peculiarly_RR  his_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  and_CC  successors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  tradition_NN  peculiarly_RR  true_JJ  and_CC  enlightening_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  view_NN  taken_VBN  from_IO    a_AT1  slight_JJ  angle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  universe_NN    ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  accurate_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  nearly_RR  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  Cavafy's_PPIO2  life_NN  was_VBDZ  spent_VBN  in_IO  Alexandria_NP  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  when_CS one_MC1  knows_VBZ  Cavafy_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fitting_JJ  background_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  city_NN  founded_VBN  by_IO  Alexander_NP  the_AT1  great_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  city_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  buried_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  city_NN  above_IO  all_DB  symbolical_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  diffusion_NN  of_IO  Greek_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  culture_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Indus_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  west_NN1  .  
  of_IO  other_DA  Greek_JJ  cities_NNS  only_RR  Athens_NP  and_CC  Constantinople_NP  have_VH0  equally_RR  powerful_JJ  associations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  worlds_NNS  of_IO  Alexandria_NP  and_CC  Constantinople_NP  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  utterly_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  fifth-century_JB  Athens_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  dispersal_NN  that_CS  Cavafy_NP  created_VVD  his_APP$  personal_JJ  mythology_NN    a_AT1  world_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  triumph_NN  and_CC  disaster_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  courage_NN  ,_,  of_IO  humour_NN  and_CC  of_IO  irony_NN  .  
  Cavafy_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  modern_JJ  Greek_JJ  poet_NN  who_PNQS contrived_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  patriotic_JJ  without_IO  being_VBG  romantic_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  method_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  stand_VV0  at_IO    a_AT1  slight_JJ  angle_NN    to_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  universe_NN  of_IO  history_NN  .  
  his_APP$  favourite_JB  subjects_NNS  are_VBR  from_IO  Antioch_NP  ,_,  Alexandria_NP  ,_,  Byzantium_NP  ,_,  or_CC  from_IO  Greek_JJ  states_NNS  already_RR  subjugated_VBN  to_IO  Rome_NP  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  themes_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  normal_JJ  classical_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  regard_VV0  as_CS    decadent_JJ    ;_;  and_CC  indeed_RR  so_RG  strong_JJ  is_VBZ  prejudice_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  will_VM  still_RR  find_VV0  people_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  apply_VV0  the_AT1  adjective_NN    decadent_NC2    to_IO  Cavafy's_PPIO2  poetry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  refreshing_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  critic_NN  as_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Maurice_NP  Bowra_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS writes_VBZ  :_:    .  respect_NN  for_IO  human_JJ  courage_NN  and_CC  character_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  Cavafy's_PPIO2  most_RG  characteristic_JJ  note_NN    .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  gentle_JJ  understanding_NN  and_CC  forceful_JJ  irony_NN  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  poems_NNS  that_PNQS deal_VV0  with_IO  love_NN  (_(  always_RR  homosexual_JJ  love_NN  )_)  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  help_VV0  our_APP$  understanding_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  :_:  
    the_AT1  erotic_JJ  world_NN  he_PPHO1  depicts_VBZ  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  casual_JJ  pickups_NNS  and_CC  short-lived_JJ  affairs_NNS  .    
  these_DD2  are_VBR  sometimes_RR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theme_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  emerges_VBZ  a_AT1  splendour_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Auden_NP  seems_VBZ  unaware_JJ  .  
  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  not_XX  read_VBN    Myres_NP    or_CC    the_AT1  mirror_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN    .  
  however_RR  ,_,  Cavafy_NP  can_VM  speak_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  spoken_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  influence_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  on_IO  contemporary_JJ  Greek_JJ  poetry_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  already_RR  influenced_VBN  poets_NNS  in_IO  many_DA  other_DA  languages_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  complete_JJ  sincerity_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  angular_JJ  stance_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  tenderness_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  combined_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  surgeon_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  awareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  meticulousness_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  grandeur_NN    these_DD2  are_VBR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  no_AT1  reader_NN  can_VM  fail_VV0  to_TO  observe_VV0  and_CC  which_DDQ  ,_,  singly_RR  and_CC  together_RR  ,_,  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  writers_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  times_NNS  .  
  rebels_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  pen_NN  .  
  Bruce_NP  Ingham_NP  Granger_NP  :_:  political_JJ  satire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  revolution_NN  ,_,  1763-1783_MC-MC  .  314_MC  \0pp_NNU2  Cornell_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  .  London_NP  :_:  Oxford_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  .  40_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  revolution_NN  produced_VVD  some_DD  first-class_JJ  writing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  solemn_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  dignified_JJ  types_NNS  .  
  Burke_NP  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  ,_,  Jefferson_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  rose_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  argument_NN  .  
  but_CCB  judging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  samples_NNS  quoted_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  learned_JJ  and_CC  interesting_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  comic_JJ  equivalents_NNS  of_IO  Jefferson_NP  or_CC  even_RR  of_IO  Thomas_NP  Paine_NP  at_IO  work_NN  in_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  during_IO  these_DD2  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Granger_NP  has_VHZ  gleaned_VBN  most_RG  thoroughly_RR  and_CC  has_VHZ  classified_VBN  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  satire_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  possible_JJ  exception_NN  of_IO  Franklin_NP  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  writers_NNS  he_PPHO1  exhumes_VBZ  is_VBZ  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  today_NN1  or_CC  deserves_VBZ  anything_PN1  but_IO  historical_JJ  respect_NN  .  
  even_RR  Hopkinson_NP  ,_,  even_RR  Trumbull_NP  are_VBR  dim_JJ  figures_NNS  and_CC  M'Fingal_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  burlesque_NN  much_RR  more_RG  completely_RR  forgotten_VBN  than_IO  Hudibras_NP  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  literary_JJ  history_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  types_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  evidence_NN  it_PPH1  furnishes_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  close_JJ  imitation_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  models_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  Butler_NP  ,_,  Swift_NP  ,_,  Addison_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  Charles_NP  Churchill_NP  .  
  the_AT1  versifiers_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  display_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  competence_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  bold_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  rhyme_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  astonish_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ogden_NP  Nash_NP  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  poetaster_NN  rhymes_VBZ    mouse_NC2    with_IO    sous_NC2    ,_,  treating_VBG    sous_NC2    as_IO  a_AT1  singular_JJ  noun_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  competent_JJ  Trumbull_NP  writes_VBZ  :_:  *"_*'  
  behold_VV0  that_DD1  martial_JJ  Macaroni_NP  ,_,  compound_NN  of_IO  Phoebus_NP  and_CC  Bellona_NP  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  prose_NN  writing_NN  seems_VBZ  vastly_RR  superior_JJ  .  
  Arbuthnot's_PPIO2  history_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Bull_NP  was_VBDZ  imitated_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  success_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Franklin_NP  managed_VVD  adroitly_RR  the_AT1  humorous_JJ  atrocity_NN  story_NN  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  ministerial_JJ  troops_NNS  should_VM  castrate_VV0  the_AT1  American_JJ  males_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  editors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  new_JJ  edition_NN  of_IO  Franklin's_PPIO2  works_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  identifications_NNS  made_VBN  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  themes_NNS  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  controversies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Quebec_NP  act_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  threat_NN  of_IO  popery_NN  provoked_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  irrelevant_JJ  indignation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  royalists_NNS  were_VBDR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  sneer_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  social_JJ  origins_NNS  and_CC  vulgar_JJ  ambitions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rebel_NN  leaders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Franklin's_PPIO2  reputed_JJ  irreligion_NN  laid_VVD  him_PPHO1  open_JJ  to_TO  attack_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  rebel_NN  propagandists_NNS  became_VVD  increasingly_RR  hostile_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  king_NN  and_CC  scornful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  representatives_NNS  ,_,  civil_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  alleged_JJ  amorous_JJ  propensities_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  were_VBDR  duly_RR  noted_VBN  .  
  their_APP$  morals_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  their_APP$  good_JJ  faith_NN  were_VBDR  impugned_VBN  .  
  Hessians_NP2  ,_,  Irish_NP2  ,_,  Welsh_NP2  were_VBDR  assailed_VBN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  universally_RR  unpopular_JJ  Scots_NP2  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  useful_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  mildly_RR  entertaining_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  although_CS  its_APP$  author_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  show_VV0  that_DD1  mastery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  background_NN  displayed_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  \0M_NP  Schlesinger_NP  ,_,  \0Sr_NNSB1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  recent_JJ  investigation_NN  of_IO  revolutionary_JJ  propaganda_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  useless_JJ  to_TO  protest_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  Howe_NP  brothers_NNS  their_APP$  proper_JJ  titles_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  complicated_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  George_NP  Sackville_NP  may_VM  excuse_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  appears_VBZ  as_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Germain_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  title_NN  he_PPHO1  never_RR  held_VVD  .  
  in_IO  defence_NN  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  .  
  \0F_NP  \0J_NP  Temple_NP  :_:  \0D_NP  \0H_NP  Lawrence_NP  .  237_MC  \0pp_NNU2  Paris_NP  :_:  Seghers_NP  .  12_MC  \0N.F_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  how_CS Lawrence's_PPIO2  habitual_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  very_RG  outspoken_JJ  frankness_NN  together_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  almost_RR  incredible_JJ  confidence_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  insights_NNS  aroused_VVD  the_AT1  resentment_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  his_APP$  preface_NN  to_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Temple's_PPIO2  biography_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richard_NP  Aldington_NP  claims_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  personally_RR  bore_VVD  no_AT1  grudge_NN  at_IO  all_DB  for_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  truths_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  swallow_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  reminds_VBZ  his_APP$  French_JJ  readers_NNS  of_IO  Rimbaud's_PPIO2  obscene_JJ  parting_NN  rites_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  an_AT1  acquaintance_NN  and_CC  explains_VBZ  that_CS  Lawrence's_PPIO2  own_DA  ungrateful_JJ  mocking_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  helped_VBN  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  artist_NN  .  )_)  
  someone_PN1  as_RG  courageous_JJ  as_IO  Lawrence_NP  in_IO  following_VBG  the_AT1  promptings_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  intuition_NN  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  inspire_VV0  the_AT1  jealousy_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  envy_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  more_RG  timorous_JJ  and_CC  conventional_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  that_CS  so_RG  few_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  critics_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  known_VBN  him_PPHO1  personally_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  capable_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  truly_RR  disinterested_JJ  assessment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  and_CC  genius_NN  .  
  \0M_NNSB1  Temple's_PPIO2  short_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  and_CC  works_NNS  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  eulogistic_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  defends_VBZ  Lawrence_NP  vigorously_RR  against_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  charges_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  brought_VBN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  :_:  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  precursor_NN  of_IO  Nazism_NN1  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  sentimentalized_VVD  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Mexican_JJ  savage_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  neuroses_NNS  described_VBN  in_IO  Murry's_PPIO2  son_NN  of_IO  woman_NN  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  earned_VVD  money_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entitled_VBN  by_IO  publishing_VBG  Maurice_NP  Magnus's_PPIO2  memoirs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  occasionally_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  not_XX  wanting_VBG  to_TO  sound_VV0  too_RG  impressed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  mentions_VBZ  in_IO  passing_VBG  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  (_(  unspecified_JJ  )_)  pue*?2rilite*?2s_&FW  in_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  daily_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  books_NNS  .  
  \0M_NNSB1  Temple_NP  makes_VBZ  good_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  biographical_JJ  information_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  quotes_VBZ  lengthily_RR  and_CC  well_RR  from_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  conclude_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  seriously_RR  misrepresents_VBZ  both_DB2  the_AT1  life_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  therefore_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  swayed_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  deep_JJ  prejudice_NN  or_CC  because_IO  of_II  any_DD  particular_JJ  inaccuracy_NN  (_(  his_PP$  worst_JJT  inaccuracy_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  describe_VV0  Ursula_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  rainbow_NN  as_IO  Tom_NP  Brangwen's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  defect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  written_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  style_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  convey_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  little_DA  or_CC  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  resemblances_NNS  between_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  inner_JB  life_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  :_:  **[FOREIGN_&FW  
  \0M_NNSB1  Temple_NP  writes_VBZ  in_IO  cliche*?2s_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  not_XX  only_RR  distorts_VBZ  the_AT1  essential_JJ  biographical_JJ  facts_NNS  but_CCB  attributes_VBZ  cliche*?2s_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  and_CC  expression_NN  to_IO  Lawrence_NP  .  
  defiant_JJ  gestures_NNS  .  
  Alfred_NP  Marnau_NP  :_:  Ra"uber-Requiem_&FW  .  123_MC  \0pp_NNU2  Salzburg_NP  :_:  Otto_NP  Mu"ller_NP  .  \0DM_NNU  10.90_MC  .  
  Alfred_NP  Marnau_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  Bratislava_NP  in_IO  1918_MC  and_CC  has_VHZ  lived_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  since_CS  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  shares_VBZ  with_IO  Rilke_NP  and_CC  Kafka_NP  the_AT1  distinction_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  origins_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  escape_VV0  national_JJ  boundaries_NNS  .  
  like_IO  them_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  also_RR  makes_VBZ  of_IO  German_NN1  his_APP$  own_DA  language_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  hammered_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  medium_NN  suggesting_VBG  sheets_NNS  of_IO  gold_NN  leaf_NN  .  
  searcher_NN  for_IO  Atlantis_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  blackness_NN  where_CS trees_NNS  filled_VVD  the_AT1  quarry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  valley_NN  bottoms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  own_DA  home-world_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  again_RR  .    
  much_DA  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  one_MC1  sentence_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  earliest_JJT  novel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  peacock_NN  .  
  his_APP$  own_DA  home-world_NN  dominates_VBZ  the_AT1  novels_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  women_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  setting_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  tales_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  world_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  returns_VBZ  in_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chatterley_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  described_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  faithfulness_NN  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  Lawrence_NP  impressive_JJ  simply_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  recorder_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  art_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  autobiographical_JJ  sons_NNS  and_CC  lovers_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  such_DA  as_CS  to_TO  render_VV0  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  original_JJ  and_CC  mysterious_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  known_JJ  world_NN    strange_JJ  again_RR    is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  inheritance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  romantics_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  excessive_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  attention_NN  at_IO  present_NN  being_VBG  given_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sexual_JJ  relationship_NN  (_(  bringing_VBG  us_PPIO2   perilously_RR  close_RR  to_IO  what_DDQ  Lawrence_NP  himself_PPX1  despised_VVD  as_IO    sex_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  head_NN    )_)  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  obscure_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  fundamental_JJ  truth_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  latest_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  most_RG  compelling_JJ  ,_,  writer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  romantic_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  Coleridge's_PPIO2  definition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  imagination_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  stress_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  transmutation_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  essentially_RR  creative_JJ  process_NN  into_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  visionary_JJ  freshness_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  exact_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  art_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  most_RG  illuminating_JJ  parallel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  symbolic_JJ  passages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rainbow_NN  and_CC  women_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  visionary_JJ  quality_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  apparent_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  moments_NNS  of_IO  revelation_NN  in_IO  such_DA  poems_NNS  as_IO  resolution_NN  and_CC  independence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  prelude_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  precisely_RR  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  essays_NNS  and_CC  reminiscences_NNS  about_IO  \0D_NP  \0H_NP  Lawrence_NP  edited_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Moore_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  truth_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  most_RBT  serve_VV0  to_TO  impress_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  consciously_RR  there_RL  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herbert_NP  Lindenberger's_PPIO2    Lawrence_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  tradition_NN    and_CC  probably_RR  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  his_APP$  essay_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  most_RG  consistently_RR  and_CC  most_RG  satisfyingly_RR  relevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  effects_NNS  created_VBN  by_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  poems_NNS  and_CC  novels_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  frequency_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  contributors_NNS  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moore's_PPIO2  miscellany_NN  resort_VV0  to_IO  discussion_NN  of_IO  symbol_NN  and_CC  myth_NN  in_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  work_NN  also_RR  draws_VBZ  its_APP$  justification_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  almost_RR  Wordsworthian_JJ  preoccupation_NN  with_IO    unknown_JJ  modes_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG    and_CC    fallings_NNS  from_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  vanishings_NNS    that_PNQS give_VV0  Lawrence_NP  his_APP$  distinctively_RR  romantic_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Angelo_NP  \0P_NP  Bertocci_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  picks_VBZ  his_APP$  way_NN  very_RG  carefully_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  overlapping_JJ  symbolism_NN  in_IO  women_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  how_CS Lawrence's_PPIO2  imagination_NN  expands_VBZ  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  story_NN  in_IO  ever_RR  widening_VBG  arcs_NNS  of_IO  significance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  borrows_VBZ  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Foakes_NP  the_AT1  term_NN    image_NN  of_IO  impression_NN    to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  mode_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  symbolism_NN  ,_,  so_RR  linking_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  the_AT1  poetry_NN  of_IO  Shelley_NP  ,_,  Keats_NP  ,_,  Coleridge_NP  and_CC  Wordsworth_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jascha_NP  Kessler_NP  ,_,  in_IO    the_AT1  myth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plumed_JJ  serpent_NN    ,_,  interprets_VBZ  Kate's_PPIO2  progress_NN  towards_IO  acceptance_NN  of_IO  Ramon's_PPIO2  Quetzalcoatl_NP  cult_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  primitive_JJ  ritual_JB  pattern_NN  of_IO    separation_NN    initiation_NN    return_NN    ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  other_DA  contributors_NNS  see_VV0  in_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  use_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  in_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  a_AT1  conscious_JJ  remoulding_NN  of_IO  primitive_JJ  ritual_NN  .  
  such_DA  comment_NN  is_VBZ  legitimate_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  needs_VBZ  the_AT1  check_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  inclusive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  more_RG  strictly_RR  literary_JJ  ,_,  response_NN  .  
  myths_NNS  as_IO  such_DA  draw_VV0  their_APP$  power_NN  from_IO  psychological_JJ  sources_NNS  and_CC  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  socio-religious_JJ  culture_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  no_AT1  modern_JJ  writer_NN  has_VHZ  real_JJ  access_NN  (_(  though_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  imagine_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  )_)  .  
  his_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  myth_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  so_PN1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  can_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  only_RR  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  artistic_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plumed_JJ  serpent_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  case_NN  in_IO  point_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kessler_NP  claims_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  analysis_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  novel_NN  makes_VBZ    all_DB  the_AT1  politics_NN  and_CC  religious_JJ  demagoguery_NN    seem_VV0  irrelevant_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO    the_AT1  drama_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hidden_JJ  primal_JJ  mythic_JJ  adventure_NN  it_PPH1  subserves_VBZ    .  
  criticism_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  misguided_JJ  and_CC  has_VHZ  underestimated_VBN  the_AT1  book_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ    seized_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  superficial_JJ  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  novel_NN  and_CC  confused_VBN  it_PPH1  with_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  telling_VBG    .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  precisely_RR  because_CS  the_AT1    primal_JJ  mythic_JJ  adventure_NN    could_VM  not_XX  form_VV0  the_AT1  total_JJ  substance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  novel_JJ  that_CS  Lawrence_NP  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  to_TO  invent_VV0  the_AT1  paraphernalia_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ  movement_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  Ramon_NP  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kessler_NP  rightly_RR  regards_VBZ  as_CS  superficial_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO    rescue_VV0    the_AT1  myth_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  novel_NN  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  left_VBN  with_IO  something_PN1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  modern_JJ  reader_NN  inevitably_RR  finds_VBZ  too_RG  thin_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  remote_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  fairytale_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .  
  yet_RR  neither_RR  will_VM  it_PPH1  stand_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  matchboard_NN  stage_NN  that_CS  Lawrence_NP  has_VHZ  contrived_VBN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  without_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fully_RR  created_VBN  novelistic_JJ  world_NN  the_AT1  myth_NN  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  superficial_JJ  and_CC  unconvincing_JJ  .  
  in_IO  placing_VBG  Lawrence_NP  within_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  tradition_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lindenberger_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  this_DD1  mistake_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  begins_VBZ  his_APP$  essay_NN  by_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  important_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  the_AT1    novel_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  relations_NNS      which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  novel_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  usually_RR  displayed_VVD  itself_PPX1  in_IO  English_JJ  literature_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Jane_NP  Austen_NP  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Iris_NP  Murdoch_NP    and_CC  the_AT1    symbolist_JJ  novel_NN    or_CC    romance_NN    .  
  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  class_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  here_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lindenberger_NP  goes_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  romanticism_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  stressed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  then_RL  argues_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  :_:  *"_*'  
  Lawrence_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  best_JJT  work_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  fuse_VV0  the_AT1  two_MC  traditions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  his_APP$  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  novel_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  success_NN  in_IO  instilling_VBG  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  strain_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  fiction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  essentially_RR  poetic_JJ  materials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  tradition_NN  .  **"_**'  
  this_DD1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  just_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  sequence_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  puts_VBZ  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  glimpses_NNS  of_IO    unknown_JJ  modes_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG    are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  arresting_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  most_RG  memorable_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  novels_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  aware_JJ  that_CS  when_CS a_AT1  novel_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  over_RP  entirely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  experience_NN  it_PPH1  ceases_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  novel_NN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  material_NN  serves_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  foil_NN  to_TO  set_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  episodes_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  Lawrence_NP  is_VBZ  more_RG  deeply_RR  engaged_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  finest_JJT  of_IO  his_APP$    symbolist_JJ  novels_NNS    ,_,  the_AT1  rainbow_NN  and_CC  women_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  his_APP$  most_RG  substantial_JJ  achievements_NNS  in_IO  realism_NN  .  
  as_IO  social_JJ  history_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  already_RR  unrivalled_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  characters_NNS  (_(  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  now_RL  famous_JJ  letter_NN  to_IO  Edward_NP  Garnett_NP  in_IO  which_DDQ  Lawrence_NP  states_VBZ  that_CS      you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  look_VV0  in_IO  my_APP$  novel_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  stable_JJ  ego_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  character_NN    )_)  are_VBR  characters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  old-fashioned_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  his_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  render_VV0  environment_NN  in_IO  language_NN  that_PNQS not_XX  merely_RR  describes_VBZ  but_CCB  re-creates_VBZ  it_PPH1  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mark_NP  Schorer_NP  writes_VBZ  of_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  his_APP$  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  miscellany_NN  ,_,    Lawrence_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  place_NN    )_)  embeds_VBZ  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  experience_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  sensuous_JJ  particularity_NN  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  novels_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inner_JB  meaning_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  true_JJ  purpose_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  novel_NN  is_VBZ  irrelevant_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  coherent_JJ  wholes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  penetrates_VBZ  and_CC  fuses_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  known_JJ  to_TO  form_VV0  an_AT1  indivisible_JJ  artistic_JJ  unity_NN  .  
  Lawrence_NP  the_AT1  novelist_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  now_RL  beginning_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  his_APP$  due_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  can_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  Lawrence_NP  the_AT1  poet_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Dallas_NP  Kenmare_NP  has_VHZ  written_VBN  a_AT1  small_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  \0D_NP  \0H_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poetry_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  weakness_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  book_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  unwillingness_NN  to_TO  recognize_VV0  the_AT1  tough_JJ  ,_,  pawky_JJ  ,_,  realistic_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  expressed_VBN  in_IO    pansies_NNS    and_CC    nettles_NNS    .  
  even_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alvarez_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  essay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shaping_JJ  spirit_NN  (_(  here_RL  reprinted_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Moore_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  yet_RR  written_VBN  on_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  poetry_NN  ,_,  seems_VBZ  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  blunt_JJ  ,_,  sardonic_JJ  quality_NN  its_APP$  full_JJ  value_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  comments_VBZ  excellently_RR  on_IO    red_JJ  geranium_NN  and_CC  godly_JJ  mignonette_NN    :_:      there_EX  is_VBZ  neither_LE  a_AT1  jot_NN  of_IO  pretentiousness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  poem_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  of_IO  vulgarity_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  both_DB2  certainly_RR  offered_VBN    ,_,  yet_CF  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  want_VV0  to_TO  dignify_VV0  it_PPH1    oddly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  by_IO  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  poem_NN  of_IO  wit_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  like_IO  Donne's_PPIO2  ,_,  is_VBZ    a_AT1  manifestation_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  minor_JJ  aberration_NN  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  realism_NN  ,_,  his_APP$    complete_JJ  truth_NN  to_IO  feeling_NN    ,_,  is_VBZ  thoroughly_RR  grasped_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alvarez_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  essential_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  balance_NN    the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sharply_RR  aware_JJ  ,_,  never_RR  half-asleep_JJ  ,_,  whole_JJ  man_NN    created_VBN  by_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  flexibly_RR  colloquial_JJ  language_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  which_DDQ  this_DD1  essay_NN  argues_VBZ  so_RG  persuasively_RR  as_CS  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  greatness_NN  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  poetic_JJ  achievement_NN  beyond_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  Lawrence_NP  owed_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  working-class_JJ  background_NN  has_VHZ  received_VBN  some_DD  attention_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  enough_DD  .  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  are_VBR  there_RL  in_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Moore's_PPIO2  own_DA  biography_NN  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  intelligent_JJ  heart_NN  .  
  their_APP$  full_JJ  significance_NN  has_VHZ  yet_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  .  
  two_MC  items_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  miscellany_NN  have_VH0  some_DD  bearing_NN  on_IO  this_DD1    unintentionally_RR  supporting_VBG  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  Katherine_NP  Mansfield_NP  to_IO  \0S_NP  \0S_NP  Koteliansky_NP  describing_VBG  a_AT1  row_NN  between_IO  Lawrence_NP  and_CC  Frieda_NP  at_IO  Zennor_NP  in_IO  1916_MC  .  
  Katherine_NP  Mansfield_NP  is_VBZ  shocked_JJ  and_CC  bewildered_JJ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  so_RG  degraded_JJ    so_RG  horrible_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  (_(  actually_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  reads_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  particularly_RR  violent_JJ  farce_NN  .  
  Lawrence_NP  beats_VBZ  Frieda_NP  and_CC  chases_VBZ  her_PPHO1  round_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  table_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  gives_VBZ  her_APP$  breakfast_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  trims_VBZ  her_APP$  hat_NN  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  second_MD  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reprinting_NN  from_IO  culture_NN  and_CC  society_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Raymond_NP  Williams's_PPIO2  essay_NN  on_IO    the_AT1  social_JJ  thinking_NN  of_IO  \0D_NP  \0H_NP  Lawrence_NP    .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams's_PPIO2  cool_JJ  remark_NN  that_CS  comment_NN  on_IO  working-class_JJ  life_NN    tends_VBZ  to_TO  emphasize_VV0  the_AT1  noisier_JJ  factors_NNS    inevitably_RR  throws_VBZ  one_MC1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Katherine_NP  Mansfield_NP  letter_NN  .  
  Frieda_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  German_JJ  aristocrat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  1916_MC  Lawrence_NP  had_VHD  come_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  way_NN  from_IO  Eastwood_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  possible_JJ  that_CS  their_APP$  middle-class_JJ  friends_NNS  were_VBDR  witnessing_VBG  in_IO  these_DD2  open_JJ  rows_NNS  the_AT1  continuance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  right_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  comment_NN  that_CS  in_IO  working-class_JJ  life_NN  (_(  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  childhood_NN  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  of_IO  our_APP$  day_NN  )_)    the_AT1  suffering_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  giving_NN  of_IO  comfort_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  common_JJ  want_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  common_JJ  remedy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  open_JJ  row_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  open_JJ  making-up_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  all_DB  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  life_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  bad_JJ  ,_,  makes_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  attachment_NN    ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  relevance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  to_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  own_DA  treatment_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  relations_NNS  hardly_RR  needs_VBZ  comment_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  as_RG  good_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  as_RG  prolific_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  commentator_NN  on_IO  Lawrence_NP  as_IO  Lawrence_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  an_AT1  immense_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  commentary_NN  is_VBZ  stored_VBN  away_RP  in_IO  phoenix_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  reappearance_NN  now_RL  after_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  print_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  happening_NN  of_IO  some_DD  importance_NN  .  
  phoenix_NN  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  miscellany_NN  ,_,  unplanned_JJ  ,_,  yet_CF  unified_VBN  as_CS  no_AT1  other_DA  miscellany_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  are_VBR  of_IO  rare_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  some_DD  interesting_JJ  for_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  add_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2    philosophy_NN    ,_,  some_DD  are_VBR  comparatively_RR  trivial_JJ  pieces_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  what_DDQ  matters_VBZ  even_RR  more_RRR  than_IO  their_APP$  individual_JJ  merits_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  cumulative_JJ  effect_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  achieve_VV0  when_CS brought_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sum_NN  even_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  novels_NNS  and_CC  poems_NNS  is_VBZ  greater_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  parts_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  collective_JJ  meaning_NN  ,_,  subtly_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  always_RR  felt_VBN  in_IO  Lawrence's_PPIO2  work_NN  )_)  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  easily_RR  perceived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  phoenix_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parts_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  exasperating_JJ  .  
  Lawrence's_PPIO2  hectoring_JJ  manner_NN  in_IO  democracy_NN  grates_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  times_NNS  when_CS his_APP$  bullying_JJ  repetitions_NNS  become_VV0  insufferable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  incantatory_JJ  style_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  is_VBZ  nauseating_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  relief_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  bluff_JJ  no-nonsense_NN  of_IO  education_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  sounds_VBZ  after_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  like_IO  wilful_JJ  crudeness_NN  .  
  yet_RR  overriding_VBG  these_DD2  defects_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  here_RL  is_VBZ  an_AT1  essentially_RR  fine_JJ  and_CC  original_JJ  intelligence_NN    an_AT1  energy_NN  that_PNQS drives_VBZ  towards_IO  real_JJ  understanding_NN  ,_,  as_IO  against_II  the_AT1  neat_JJ  and_CC  clever_JJ  formulations_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  so_RG  often_RR  passed_VBN  off_RP  for_IO  understanding_NN  .  
  one's_$  irritation_NN  evaporates_VBZ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  talk_NN  in_IO  phoenix_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    blood-consciousness_NN    through_IO  which_DDQ  Lawrence_NP  sought_VVD  salvation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  debilitating_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  twentieth-century_JB  self-consciousness_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  hatred_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  evils_NNS  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  want_VV0  to_TO  sweep_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  .  
  the_AT1    autobiographical_JJ  fragment_NN    strongly_RR  suggests_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  William_NP  Morris's_PPIO2  news_NN  from_IO  nowhere_RR  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  saying_VBG  more_RG  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  means_VBZ  Lawrence_NP  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  labour-saving_JJ  machine_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  public_JJ  benefactor_NN  :_:  
    now_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  railing_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  an_AT1  evil_JJ  thing_NN  .  **"_**'  
  new_JJ  books_NNS  (_(  continued_VBN  )_)  .  
  progress_NN  in_IO  science_NN  .  
  science_NN  survey_NN  2_MC  .  edited_VBN  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0W_NP  Haslett_NP  and_CC  John_NP  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  .  Vista_NP  books_NNS  .  30_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  volume_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  series_NN  successfully_RR  established_VVD  the_AT1  pattern_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  here_RL  continued_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  editors_NNS  ask_VV0  some_DD  20_MC  to_IO  30_MC  working_JJ  scientists_NNS  to_TO  report_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  selected_JJ  and_CC  limited_JJ  fields_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  their_APP$  particular_JJ  concern_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  grouped_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  under_IO  more_RG  general_JJ  heads_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  useful_JJ  cross_JJ  references_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  index_NN  ;_;  each_DD1  short_JJ  chapter_NN  contains_VBZ  suggestions_NNS  for_IO  further_JB  reading_NN  .  
  very_RG  little_DA  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  under_IO  discussion_NN  is_VBZ  presupposed_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  its_APP$  clarity_NN  this_DD1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1    popular_JJ    work_NN  for_IO  people_NNS  innocent_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  scientific_JJ  training_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  aimed_VBN  in_RR  particular_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  sixth-former_NN  beginning_VBG  to_TO  specialize_VV0  ,_,  who_PNQS ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  every_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  read_VV0  such_DA  first-hand_JB  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  advances_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  subjects_NNS  whose_PNQV$  dead_JJ  past_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  all_RR  too_RG  familiar_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  text-books_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  foreword_NN  Professor_NNSB1  Le_NP  Gros_NP  Clark_NP  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  explicitly_RR  :_:  *"_*'  
  today_NN1  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  recruits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  science_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  so_RG  insistent_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  importance_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  potential_JJ  scientists_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  early_RR  aroused_VBN  by_IO  having_VHG  accounts_NNS  of_IO  current_JJ  trends_NNS  in_IO  scientific_JJ  research_NN  presented_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  readily_RR  intelligible_JJ  style_NN  .  **"_**'  
  future_JB  effect_NN  .  
  surveys_NNS  such_IO  as_II  these_DD2  at_IO  regular_JJ  intervals_NNS  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  real_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  through_IO  their_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  draw_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  scientists_NNS  to_IO  interesting_JJ  fields_NNS  of_IO  activity_NN  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  brief_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  contents_NNS  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  here_RL  .  
  two_MC  articles_NNS  on_IO  astronomy_NN  deal_VV0  in_IO  turn_NN  with_IO  stellar_JJ  evolution_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  stellar_JJ  distances_NNS  .  
  curiously_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  contribution_NN  to_IO  pure_JJ  physics_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  recent_JJ  tests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  and_CC  general_JJ  theories_NNS  of_IO  relativity_NN  .  
  then_RL  come_VV0  articles_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  possible_JJ  ways_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  mountain_NN  ranges_NNS  were_VBDR  built_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  magnetic_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  testing_VBG  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  continental_JJ  drift_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  particularly_RR  stimulating_JJ  because_CS  little_DA  can_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  for_IO  granted_VBN  in_IO  sciences_NNS  at_IO  so_RG  complex_JJ  and_CC  unsettled_JJ  a_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  deep_JJ  water_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  come_VV0  the_AT1  oceans_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  observations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  floor_NN  and_CC  of_IO  currents_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  plant_NN  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  transition_NN  to_IO  connected_JJ  articles_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  chemistry_NN  of_IO  plants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  accounts_NNS  of_IO  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  transmission_NN  of_IO  nerve_NN  impulses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  physiology_NN  of_IO  muscular_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  section_NN  on_IO  psychology_NN  ,_,    brain_NN  and_CC  mind_NN    ,_,  treats_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  improvement_NN  with_IO  practice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  animals_NNS  to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  mental_JJ  qualities_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  localization_NN  in_IO  areas_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  newer_JJ  drugs_NNS  on_IO  behaviour_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  particularly_RR  controversial_JJ  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  scientists_NNS  easily_RR  stray_VV0  beyond_IO  their_APP$  competence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  remarks_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II    whereas_CS  the_AT1  taking_NN  of_IO  alcohol_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  moral_JJ  question_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  giving_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  their_APP$  consequences_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  always_RR  primarily_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  medical_JJ  responsibility_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  certainly_RR  demand_VV0  further_JB  discussion_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  return_VV0  to_IO  solid_JJ  scientific_JJ  ground_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  annoyance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  ,_,  metal_NN  fatigue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  materials_NNS  for_IO  use_NN  at_IO  high_JJ  temperatures_NNS  .  
  altogether_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  useful_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  our_APP$  debt_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  association_NN  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  France_NP  .  
  village_&FW  en_&FW  vaucluse_&FW  .  by_IO  \0L_NP  Wylie_NP  and_CC  \0A_NP  Be*?2gue*?2_NP  .  Harrap_NP  .  18_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  version_NN  ,_,  in_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  by_IO  \0M_NP  Armand_NP  Be*?2gue*?2_NP  of_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  longer_JJ  American_JJ  sociological_JJ  study_NN  compiled_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Laurence_NP  Wylie_NP  of_IO  Harvard_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1    field_NN    techniques_NNS  of_IO  sociology_NN  ,_,  anthropology_NN  and_CC  psychology_NN  ,_,  applied_VBN  during_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wylie's_PPIO2  year's_NN1$  stay_NN  in_IO  1950_MC  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  two_MC  sons_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  village_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  Peyrane_NP  .  
  deep_JJ  study_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  presents_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  dull_JJ  statistical_JJ  treatise_NN  nor_CC  a_AT1  light_JJ  surface-skimming_JJ  digest_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  examination_NN  in_IO  depth_NN  including_VBG  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  basic_JJ  principles_NNS  of_IO  French_JJ  education_NN  and_CC  comparative_JJ  family_NN  budgets_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  neglect_VV0  the_AT1  individual_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  psychological_JJ  reactions_NNS    the_AT1  village_NN  grocer's_NN1$  tirade_NN  against_IO  la_&FW  famille_&FW  nombreuse_&FW  coming_VBG  to_IO  her_APP$  shop_NN  for_IO  credit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  returned_JJ  deportee's_NN1$  judgment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  maquis_NN  are_VBR  but_II  two_MC  examples_NNS  of_IO  vivid_JJ  reportage_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  maps_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  vocabulary_NN  and_CC  intelligent_JJ  questions_NNS  in_IO  French_NN1  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  chapter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  author's_NN1$  many_DA  excellent_JJ  photographs_NNS  make_VV0  an_AT1  integral_JJ  and_CC  illuminating_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  attempt_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  students_NNS    a_AT1  valid_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  French_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  people_NNS  live_VV0  from_IO  day_NN  to_IO  day_NN    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  evocative_JJ  drawing_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  title-page_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  valuable_JJ  final_JJ  chapter_NN  ,_,    Peyrane_&FW  en_&FW  1959_&FW    ,_,  written_VBN  after_IO  further_JB  visits_NNS  ,_,  recording_VBG  the_AT1  changes_NNS  brought_VBN  by_IO  tractors_NNS  ,_,  television_NN  and_CC  main_NN  drainage_NN  and_CC  providing_VBG  a_AT1  useful_JJ  corrective_NN  to_IO  so_RG  many_DA  nostalgic_JJ  pictures_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1    quaint_JJ    old-fashioned_JJ  France_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  merits_VBZ  inclusion_NN  in_IO  any_DD  modern-languages_JB  library_NN  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  stimulating_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  non-literary_JJ  sixth-form_NN  course_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  adult_NN  class_NN  .  
  Oxford_NP  paperbacks_NNS  .  
  Martin_NP  Cooper's_PPIO2  French_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  study_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  period_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Berlioz_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Faure*?2_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  issued_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  Oxford_NP  paperback_NN  (_(  Oxford_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  ,_,  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  .  
  Ernest_NP  Barker's_PPIO2  principles_NNS  of_IO  social_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  theory_NN  (_(  price_NN  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  and_CC  \0C_NP  \0K_NP  Allen's_PPIO2  law_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  making_NN  (_(  price_NN  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  are_VBR  among_IO  other_DA  additions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  .  
  reviews_NNS  in_IO  brief_JJ  .  
  Caldero*?2n_NP  :_:  la_&FW  vida_&FW  es_&FW  suen*?4o_&FW  .  edited_VBN  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Sloman_NP  .  Manchester_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  .  8_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  edition_NN  ,_,  with_IO  introduction_NN  and_CC  notes_NNS  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Sloman_NP  ,_,  fulfils_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  ,_,  modern_JJ  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1636_MC  edition_NN  of_IO  la_&FW  primera_&FW  parte_&FW  de_&FW  comedias_&FW  and_CC  takes_VBZ  into_IO  account_NN  the_AT1  two_MC  parte_&FW  texts_NNS  of_IO  1640_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Vera_NP  Tassis_NP  edition_NN  of_IO  1685_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  Zaragoza_NP  version_NN  of_IO  1636_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  thus_RR  makes_VBZ  use_NN  of_IO  ,_,  as_CS  no_AT1  previous_JJ  edition_NN  has_VHZ  done_VBN  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  known_JJ  texts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Sloman_NP  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  spelling_NN  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  ,_,  except_CS  where_CS this_DD1  would_VM  involve_VV0  changes_NNS  in_IO  pronunciation_NN  ,_,  accentuation_NN  and_CC  capitalization_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  covered_VBN  every_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  headings_NNS  of_IO  date_NN  ,_,  sources_NNS  ,_,  structure_NN  and_CC  theme_NN  ,_,  language_NN  and_CC  metres_NNS  ,_,  staging_NN  and_CC  texts_NNS  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  scholarly_JJ  thoroughness_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  every_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  treated_VBN  would_VM  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  advanced_JJ  and_CC  ardent_JJ  student_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  clear_JJ  and_CC  concise_JJ  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  material_NN  is_VBZ  presented_VBN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  interesting_JJ  and_CC  easily_RR  digestible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  or_CC  less_RG  ambitious_JJ  reader_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  structure_NN  and_CC  theme_NN  is_VBZ  discussed_VBN  very_RG  fully_RR  ,_,  with_IO  frequent_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  including_VBG  brief_JJ  comments_NNS  on_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  characters_NNS  .  
  throughout_II  ,_,  he_PPHO1  indicates_VBZ  Caldero*?2n's_PPIO2  subtlety_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  dramatist_NN  .  
  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  further_JB  reading_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  headings_NNS  of_IO    Caldero*?2n_NP  in_RR  general_RR    and_CC    recent_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  la_&FW  vida_&FW  es_&FW  suen*?4o_&FW    .  
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  Professor_NNSB1  Sloman_NP  himself_PPX1  remarks_VBZ  ,_,  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  variant_JJ  readings_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  considered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  contain_VV0  comments_NNS  on_IO  classical_JJ  allusions_NNS  ,_,  passages_NNS  which_DDQ  present_VV0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  comprehension_NN  ,_,  and_CC  differences_NNS  between_IO  Caldero*?2n's_PPIO2  vocabulary_NN  and_CC  syntax_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  present-day_JB  Spanish_NN1  .  
  for_IO  further_JB  assistance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  short_JJ  index_NN  of_IO  annotated_JJ  words_NNS  and_CC  names_NNS  is_VBZ  included_VBN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  the_AT1  high_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  and_CC  printing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  low_JJ  cost_NN  (_(  contributed_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  flimsy_JJ  cover_NN  )_)  make_VV0  the_AT1  book_NN  admirably_RR  suited_VBN  to_IO  school_NN  use_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  to_TO  commend_VV0  itself_PPX1  quickly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  examining_JJ  boards_NNS  .  
  snorkel_NN  diver_NN  .  first_MD  steps_NNS  in_IO  underwater_JB  swimming_NN  .  by_IO  \0R_NP  \0B_NP  Matkin_NP  and_CC  \0G_NP  \0F_NP  Brookes_NP  .  Macdonald_NP  .  12_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  book_NN  with_IO  plenty_NN  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  sport_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  gained_VBN  rapidly_RR  in_IO  popularity_NN  .  
  few_DA  people_NNS  would_VM  attempt_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  underwater_JB  swimming_NN  without_IO  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  companion_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  them_PPHO1  and_CC  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  ill-advised_JJ  to_TO  try_VV0  but_CCB  here_RL  they_PPHS2  will_VM  learn_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  pleasures_NNS  the_AT1  sport_NN  has_VHZ  in_IO  store_NN  ;_;  how_CS to_TO  practise_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  swimming_NN  bath_NN  ;_;  and_CC  how_CS to_TO  remain_VV0  completely_RR  safe_JJ  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  excited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thrills_NNS  and_CC  perils_NNS  of_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Cousteau's_PPIO2  silent_JJ  world_NN  or_CC  been_VBN  urged_VBN  to_TO  explore_VV0  the_AT1  shallow_JJ  fringes_NNS  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Rachel_NP  Carson's_PPIO2  the_AT1  sea_NN  around_IO  us_PPIO2   only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  swim_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  pleasures_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  had_VHN  without_IO  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  .  
  for_CS  although_CS  snorkel_NN  diving_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  confused_VBN  with_IO  using_VBG  an_AT1  aqualung_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  proper_JJ  introduction_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  within_IO  everybody's_PN$  means_NNS  .  
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS swims_VBZ  can_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  simple_JJ  equipment_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  fun_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  bathing_NN  .  
  even_RR  a_AT1  comparative_JJ  beginner_NN  can_VM  try_VV0  underwater_JB  photography_NN  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  small_JJ  and_CC  unpretentious_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  dull_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  could_VM  encourage_VV0  many_DA  young_JJ  readers_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  plunge_NN  .  
  practical_JJ  inorganic_JJ  and_CC  organic_JJ  problems_NNS  .  by_IO  \0M_NP  Brown_NP  .  Longmans_NP  .  4_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  author_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  that_CS  practical_JJ  chemistry_NN  in_IO  schools_NNS  consists_VBZ  largely_RR  of_IO  volumetric_JJ  and_CC  qualitative_JJ  analysis_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  stage_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  true_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  does_VBZ  little_DA  more_DA  than_CS  provide_VV0  training_NN  in_IO  manipulation_NN  ,_,  coupled_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  knowledge_NN  of_IO  reactions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  theme_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  solved_VBN  by_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  prescribed_JJ  reactions_NNS  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  involved_VBN  .  
  some_DD  university_NN  boards_NNS  and_CC  scholarship_NN  awarding_VBG  bodies_NNS  have_VH0  used_VBN  this_DD1  approach_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  author_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  set_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  examinations_NNS  .  
  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  work_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  added_VBN  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  himself_PPX1  devised_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  organic_JJ  section_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  included_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  reaction_NN  schemes_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  student_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  tests_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  ,_,  intermediate_JJ  and_CC  final_JJ  products_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  serve_VV0  to_TO  enlighten_VV0  the_AT1  deductive_JJ  processes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  commendable_JJ  .  
  most_DA  teachers_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  largest_JJT  number_NN  of_IO  examination_NN  candidates_NNS  to_IO  O_ZZ1  and_CC  A_ZZ1  level_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  available_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  shrink_VV0  from_IO  embarking_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  scheme_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  however_CS educative_JJ  ,_,  demands_VBZ  a_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  intellectual_JJ  ability_NN  which_DDQ  only_RR  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  candidates_NNS  will_VM  achieve_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  university_NN  boards_NNS  could_VM  support_VV0  the_AT1  author's_NN1$  initiative_NN  by_IO  requiring_VBG  that_CS  all_DB  candidates_NNS  tackle_VV0  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weaver's_NN1$  book_NN  .  by_IO  Harriet_NP  Tidball_NP  .  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  New_NP  York_NP  .  38_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  description_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  jacket_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  really_RR  a_AT1  book_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  absolute_JJ  beginner_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  text-book_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  serious_JJ  weaver_NN  who_PNQS wishes_VBZ  to_TO  attain_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  craftsmanship_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS is_VBZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  explore_VV0  the_AT1  many_DA  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  design_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  ancient_JJ  craft_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  chapters_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  loom_NN  ,_,  yarns_NNS  and_CC  preparations_NNS  for_IO  weaving_NN  ,_,  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  devoted_VBN  to_IO  drafting_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  thorough_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  possible_JJ  weaves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  109_MC  drafts_NNS  illustrated_VBN  are_VBR  methodically_RR  grouped_VBN  and_CC  to_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  added_VBN  some_DD  excellent_JJ  photographs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  finished_JJ  weaves_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Tidball's_PPIO2  book_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  much_DA  practical_JJ  experience_NN  and_CC  contains_VBZ  much_DA  sound_JJ  advice_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  beginner_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  practical_JJ  weaver_NN  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  theatre_NN  .  
  young_JJ  writers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  correspondent_NN  .  
  although_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Albee's_PPIO2  first_MD  play_NN  had_VHD  its_APP$  first_MD  performance_NN  here_RL  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  better_RRR  known_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  dramatist_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  and_CC  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Bessie_NP  Smith_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  American_JJ  dream_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  double_JJ  bill_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Court_NNL1  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  that_PNQS will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  put_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  in_IO  passing_VBG  one_MC1  must_VM  say_VV0  how_CS good_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  short_JJ  play_NN  beginning_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  in_RP  again_RR  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  often_RR  seen_VBN  plays_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  promising_JJ  of_IO  playwrights_NNS  spoiled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  absurd_JJ  necessity_NN  of_IO  inflating_VBG  a_AT1  natural_JJ  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  theatrical_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Bessie_NP  Smith_NP  tells_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  terrible_JJ  story_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  laconic_JJ  ,_,  highly_RR  charged_VBN  manner_NN  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  crumbling_JJ  house_NN  near_IO  Memphis_NP  ,_,  Tennessee_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  nurse_NN  is_VBZ  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  ;_;  her_APP$  old_JJ  father_NN  ,_,  dreaming_VBG  of_IO  past_JB  splendours_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  infuriated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  blues_NN  wailing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  gramophone_NN  .  
  next_DA  week's_NN1$  entertainment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  .  
  Carne's_PPIO2  study_NN  of_IO  youth's_NN1$  aimlessness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  youth_NN  whose_PNQV$  symptom_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strange_JJ  restlessness_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  from_IO  life_NN  without_IO  putting_VBG  anything_PN1  into_IO  it_PPH1    the_AT1  beatnik_NN    is_VBZ  depicted_VBN  in_IO    les_&FW  tricheurs_&FW    (_(  youthful_JJ  sinners_NNS  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  film_NN  coming_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Rex_NP  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,  directed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  ,_,  Marcel_NP  Carne_NP  .  
  the_AT1  setting_NN  is_VBZ  \0St_NNSB1  Germain-des-Pres_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  quarter_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  anywhere_RR  where_CS semi-students_NNS  and_CC  semi-idle_JJ  youth_NN  forgathers_VBZ  ,_,  with_IO  negative_JJ  emotions_NNS  ,_,  drowning_VBG  doubts_NNS  in_IO  jazz_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  ,_,  betting_VBG  stupidly_RR  and_CC  cheating_VBG  with_IO  life_NN  ,_,  love_NN  and_CC  truth_NN  .  
  acting_NN  awards_NNS  .  
  Marcel_NP  Carne_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  condemn_VV0  them_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  their_APP$  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  is_VBZ  caused_VBN  through_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  parental_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hopes_VBZ  ,_,  that_CS  through_IO  this_DD1  film_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  adults_NNS  will_VM  wake_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  responsibilities_NNS  .    les_&FW  tricheurs_&FW    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  film_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  shown_VBN  in_IO  France_NP  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  awarded_VBN  the_AT1  grand_&FW  prix_&FW  du_&FW  cinema_&FW  Francais_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  two_MC  stars_NNS  ,_,  Pascale_NP  Petit_NP  and_CC  Jacques_NP  Charrier_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  given_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  actress_NN  and_CC  actor_NN  award_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  performances_NNS  .  
  Mummers_NP2  in_IO  play_NN  debut_NN  .  
  to_TO  follow_VV0  their_APP$  successful_JJ  production_NN  of_IO    all_DB  my_APP$  sons_NNS    by_IO  Arthur_NP  Miller_NP  ,_,  shortly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  presented_VBN  again_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  \0C.U_NP  Mummers_NP2  will_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  Cambridge_NP  presentation_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  dream_NN  of_IO  Peter_NP  Mann_NP    by_IO  Bernard_NP  Kops_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  \0A.D.C_NP  Theatre_NNL1  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  Kops_NP  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$    Hamlet_NP  of_IO  Stepney_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,    whose_PNQV$  production_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  caused_VVD  such_DA  widespread_JJ  interest_NN  .  
    the_AT1  dream_NN  of_IO  Peter_NP  Mann_NP  ,_,    whose_PNQV$  only_DA  previous_JJ  production_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  Edinburgh_NP  festival_NN  ,_,  sees_VBZ  Kops_NP  striking_VBG  a_AT1  balance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  urgency_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  talent_NN  for_IO  vital_JJ  ,_,  colourful_JJ  entertainment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  run_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  \0A.D.C_NP  from_IO  Tuesday_NN1  to_IO  Saturday_NN1  of_IO  next_DA  week_NN  at_IO  8.15_MC  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  2.30_MC  matinee_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  .  
  Guinness_NP  and_CC  Mills_NP  conflict_VV0  .  
  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  selling_JJT"  novel_NN  by_IO  James_NP  Kennaway_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  controversial_JJ    tunes_NNS  of_IO  glory_NN  ,_,    comes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  Regal_NP  Cinema_NNL1  next_DA  week_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  cinema-goers_NNS  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  two_MC  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  most_RG  brilliant_JJ  actors_NNS  .  
  for_CS  playing_VBG  the_AT1  leading_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  \0C.O.'s_NNSB2  of_IO  a_AT1  highland_NN  regiment_NN  are_VBR  Alec_NP  Guinness_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Mills_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  having_VHG  won_VBN  the_AT1  affection_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  men_NNS  by_IO  leading_VBG  them_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  a_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  efficient_JJ  newcomer_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  heartily_RR  disliked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  regiment_NN  forms_VBZ  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plot_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  off-time_NN  ,_,  provides_VBZ  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  some_DD  glamour_NN  into_IO  this_DD1  tough_JJ  and_CC  tragic_JJ  film_NN  .  
  supporting_JJ  roles_NNS  are_VBR  played_VBN  by_IO  Dennis_NP  Price_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Fraser_NP  ,_,  Kay_NP  Walsh_NP  and_CC  Susannah_NP  Yorke_NP  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  by_IO  Colin_NP  Leslie_NP  and_CC  directed_VBN  by_IO  Ronald_NP  Neaman_NP  .  
  Christie_NP  play_NN  on_IO  film_NN  .  
  following_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  stage_NN  success_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  spider's_NN1$  web_NN  ,_,    Agatha_NP  Christie's_PPIO2  thriller_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  made_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  starring_VBG  Jack_NP  Hulbert_NP  ,_,  Cicely_NP  Courtneidge_NP  ,_,  Glynis_NP  Johns_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Justin_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  shown_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Central_NP  Cinema_NNL1  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  action_NN  covers_VBZ  one_MC1  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  occupants_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  country_NN  house_NN  who_PNQS find_VV0  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  body_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  shortly_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  foreign_JJ  diplomat_NN  .  
  guest_NN  artist_NN  .  
  at_IO  all_DB  costs_NNS  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  covered_VBN  up_RP  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  important_JJ  conference_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0V.I.P_NN  can_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  endeavour_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  plot_NN  develops_VBZ  ,_,  drawing_VBG  into_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  mysterious_JJ  suspects_NNS  .  
  introducing_VBG  13_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  Wendy_NP  Turner_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  screen_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  film_NN  also_RR  enables_VBZ  David_NP  Nixon_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  guest_NN  appearance_NN  .  
  new_JJ  group's_NN1$  arts_NNS  visit_NN  .  
    the_AT1  glass_NN  menagerie_NN  ,_,    thought_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  American_JJ  critics_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  Tennessee_NP  Williams'_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  play_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  his_APP$  most_RG  heart-felt_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  performed_VBN  professionally_RR  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  Theatre_NNL1  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  presented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  three_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  company_NN  recently_RR  created_VBN  by_IO  Charles_NP  Vance_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  direct_VV0  the_AT1  play_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  cast_NN    Imogen_NP  Moynihan_NP  ,_,  Ben_NP  Hawthorne_NP  ,_,  Joan_NP  Shore_NP  and_CC  himself_PPX1    that_PNQS has_VHZ  won_VBN  critical_JJ  acclaim_NN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  Charles_NP  Vance_NP  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  theatrical_JJ  family_NN  especially_RR  well-known_JJ  in_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  three_MC  ,_,  Imogen_NP  Moynihan_NP  has_VHZ  experience_NN  in_IO  management_NN  as_IO  well_II  as_II  being_VBG  an_AT1  actress_NN  of_IO  talent_NN  and_CC  Joan_NP  Shore_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  delighting_VBG  audiences_NNS  at_IO  Ipswich_NP  ,_,  Northampton_NP  ,_,  Cromer_NP  and_CC  other_DA  theatres_NNS  in_IO  East_NP  Anglia_NP  .  
  Ben_NP  Hawthorne_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  New_NP  Zealand_NP  actor_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  promise_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  the_AT1  important_JJ  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  son_NN  in_IO    the_AT1  glass_NN  menagerie_NN  ,_,    and_CC  completes_VBZ  a_AT1  cast_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  an_AT1  unusually_RR  well-balanced_JJ  team_NN  .  
  backstage_JB    slums_NNS    .  
  substantial_JJ  improvements_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  theatres_NNS  since_IO  1946_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  far_RR  too_RG  many_DA  theatrical_JJ  slums_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  vastly_RR  improved_VBN  at_IO  small_JJ  cost_NN  ,_,  declares_VBZ  the_AT1  quarterly_JJ    equity_NN  letter_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  calls_VBZ  on_IO  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  actors'_NN2  equity_NN  association_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  asking_VBG  their_APP$  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  to_TO  urge_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  not_XX  to_TO  omit_VV0  theatres_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  legislation_NN  concerning_IO  amenities_NNS  in_IO  shops_NNS  and_CC  offices_NNS  .  
  two_MC  artists_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  in_IO  mills_NNS  .  
  where_CS paints_NNS  &_CC  music_NN  go_VV0  together_RR  .  .  
  music_NN  and_CC  painting_NN  live_VV0  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  complimenting_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  at_IO  Pampisford_NP  Mill_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Campbell-Taylors_NP2  .  
  while_CS  her_APP$  24_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  daughter_NN  practises_VBZ  at_IO  her_APP$  grand_JJ  piano_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  is_VBZ  often_RR  painting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  end_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  ground_NN  floor_NN  studio_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  paint_VV0  better_RRR  with_IO  music_NN  as_IO  my_APP$  companion_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  mill_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  converted_VBN  attractively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  river_NN  swirls_VBZ  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  and_CC  provides_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  setting_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  artistic_JJ  family_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  trade_VV0  on_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  name_NN    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  royal_JJ  academician_NN    so_RR  she_PPHO1  uses_VBZ  her_APP$  maiden_NN  name_NN  of_IO  Brenda_NP  Moore_NP  .  
  specialising_VBG  in_IO  portraits_NNS  she_PPHO1  resumed_VVD  her_APP$  profession_NN  five_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  having_VHG  seen_VBN  her_APP$  daughter_NN  launched_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  career_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  pianist_NN  and_CC  teacher_NN  .  
  won_VVD  scholarships_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  art_NN  training_NN  started_VVD  when_CS ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  14_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  trial_NN  term_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  School_NNL1  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  later_RRR  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Brighton_NP  School_NNL1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  awarded_VBN  a_AT1  local_JJ  scholarship_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  20_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  she_PPHO1  won_VVD  a_AT1  leaving_NN  scholarship_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  Schools_NPLS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  visiting_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  to_TO  instruct_VV0  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  become_VV0  her_APP$  husband_NN  five_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  rather_RR  than_IO  branch_VV0  into_IO  commercial_JJ  art_NN  on_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  academy_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  an_AT1  apprentice_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  frame_NN  maker_NN  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  makes_VBZ  mounts_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  water_NN  colours_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  .  
  although_CS  her_APP$  painting_NN  career_NN  was_VBDZ  interrupted_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  helped_VVD  her_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  continued_VVD  to_TO  accumulate_VV0  painting_NN  knowledge_NN  .  
    you_PPY  never_RR  lose_VV0  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  paint_VV0  once_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  absorbed_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  principles_NNS  in_IO  art_NN    practise_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  as_RG  essential_JJ  in_IO  painting_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  instrument_NN  playing_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  child_NN  portraits_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  amateur_NN  artist_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  defined_VBN  by_IO  income_NN  or_CC  pay_NN  packet_NN  .  
    the_AT1  professional_NN  is_VBZ  never_RR  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  an_AT1  easy_JJ  answer_NN  and_CC  believes_VBZ  that_CS  nothing_PN1  is_VBZ  so_RG  worth-while_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  that_PNQS arouses_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  receptivity_NN  ,_,  excitement_NN  and_CC  competence_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  capable_JJ  of_IO  experiencing_VBG  which_DDQ  tuition_NN  has_VHZ  accelerated_VBN  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  amateur_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  emotional_JJ  outlet_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  its_APP$  own_DA  monetary_JJ  value_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  some_DD  delightful_JJ  portraits_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  if_CS  she_PPHO1  particularly_RR  enjoyed_VVD  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  work_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  replied_VVD  that_CS  while_CS  having_VHG  no_AT1  preference_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  subject_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  find_VV0  painting_VBG  children_NNS  particularly_RR  interesting_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  a_AT1  challenge_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  usually_RR  stays_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  and_CC  makes_VBZ  studies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  when_CS asleep_JJ  before_IO  attempting_VBG  the_AT1  painting_NN  .  
    you_PPY  really_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  an_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  and_CC  form_NN  before_CS  you_PPY  start_VV0  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  exciting_JJ  and_CC  difficult_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  sit_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  painter_NN  to_TO  paint_VV0  .  **"_**'  
  clay_NN  modelling_NN  .  
    the_AT1  fun_NN  of_IO  portrait_NN  painting_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,    is_VBZ  in_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  assess_VV0  and_CC  understand_VV0  the_AT1  temperament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  you_PPY  are_VBR  painting_VBG  .    
  as_IO  an_AT1  artist_NN  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  learned_VBN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  from_IO  clay_NN  modelling_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  exhibited_VBN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  paintings_NNS    including_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  anointing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  Mother_NNSB1  ,_,  then_RL  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  coronation_NN  of_IO  George_NP  6_MC    at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  .  
  and_CC  recently_RR  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Campbell-Taylor_NP  had_VHD  two_MC  drawings_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN  of_IO  portrait_NN  painters'_NN2  exhibition_NN  .  
  .  and_CC  a_AT1  studio_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  lit_VBN  by_IO  glass_NN  dome_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  another_DD1  artist_NN  who_PNQS will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  living_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  mill_NN    this_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  windmill_NN  at_IO  Hemingford_NP  Grey_NP  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jeanette_NP  Jackson_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  London_NP  abstract_JJ  painter_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  currently_RR  exhibiting_VBG  her_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  hopes_VBZ  the_AT1  conversion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  windmill_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  completed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  autumn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  windmill_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  admired_VBN  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  since_IO  childhood_NN  and_CC  many_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  Jimmy_NP  Edwards_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  attempted_VBN  to_TO  buy_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  being_VBG  successful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  glass_NN  dome_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  four_MC  floors_NNS  will_VM  give_VV0  plenty_NN  of_IO  studio_NN  room_NN  .  
  frame_NN  problem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  family_NN    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  son_NN  at_IO  Trinity_NP  and_CC  one_MC1  daughter_NN    will_VM  spend_VV0  their_APP$  week-ends_NNS  at_IO  Hemingford_NP  Grey_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  working_VBG  as_IO  an_AT1  art_NN  teacher_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  school_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  problem_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  paintings_NNS  ,_,  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  unframed_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  women's_NN2  international_JJ  art_NN  club's_NN1$  exhibition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  back_RP  that_DD1  morning_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  or_CC  back_JB  door_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  prolific_JJ  painter_NN  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  year_NN  she_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  200_MC  pictures_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  all_DB  these_DD2  survive_VV0  her_APP$  critical_JJ  scrutiny_NN  .  
  other_DA  interests_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ    passionately_RR  fond_JJ  of_IO  cooking_VBG  .    
  having_VHG  lived_VBN  in_IO  Germany_NP  for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  always_RR  cooks_VBZ  their_APP$  national_JJ  dishes_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  friends_NNS  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  foreigners_NNS    then_RL  she_PPHO1  always_RR  cooks_VBZ  roast_NN  beef_NN  and_CC  apple_NN  pie_NN  .  
  her_APP$  other_DA  interest_NN  is_VBZ  collecting_VBG  Victoriana_NP2  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  first_RR  started_VVD  this_DD1  25_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  she_PPHO1  bought_VVD  a_AT1  Victorian_JJ  chair_NN  for_IO  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  sure_JJ  will_VM  now_RL  fetch_VV0  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  *+30_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  soldier_NN  who_PNQS turned_VVD  to_IO  pottery_NN  at_IO  age_NN  of_IO  52_MC  .  
  work_NN  of_IO  Reychan_NP  exhibited_VBN  at_IO  Heffer_NP  Gallery_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  Heffer_NP  Gallery_NNL1  have_VH0  just_RR  opened_VBN  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Stanislas_NP  Reychan_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Polish_JJ  soldier_NN  who_PNQS began_VVD  training_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  potter_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  52_MC  .  
  his_APP$  remarkable_JJ  success_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  due_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  to_IO  heredity_NN    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  generation_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  potters_NNS    but_CCB  heredity_NN  can_VM  not_XX  explain_VV0  everything_PN1  .  
  almost_RR  everyone_PN1  must_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  his_APP$  pieces_NNS  of_IO  pottery_NN  sculpture_NN  at_IO  some_DD  time_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  little_JJ  black_JJ  bulls_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  curly_JJ  foreheads_NNS  lowered_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  rather_RR  pear-shaped_JJ  Adam_NP  and_CC  Eve_NP  figures_NNS  sitting_VBG  happily_RR  under_IO  a_AT1  snake-entwined_JJ  tree_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  pottery_NN  Eden_NP    pieces_NNS  like_IO  these_DD2  must_VM  be_VB0  familiar_JJ  to_IO  thousands_MC2  .  
  Reychan_NP  has_VHZ  exhibited_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  air_NN  exhibitions_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  six_MC  years_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  .  
  his_APP$  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  welcomed_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  modern_JJ  flowering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tradition_NN  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  the_AT1  exquisite_JJ  pieces_NNS  of_IO  Bow_NP  and_CC  Chelsea_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  curiosities_NNS  of_IO  Staffordshire_NP  .  
  Reychan's_PPIO2  knights_NNS  in_IO  armour_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  medieval_JJ  heroes_NNS  ,_,  classical_JJ  personalities_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  undeniably_RR  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  vital_JJ  and_CC  individual_JJ  kind_NN  .  
  their_APP$  appeal_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  modern_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  direct_JJ  and_CC  uncomplicated_JJ  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  humour_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  gone_VBN  into_IO  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  without_IO  dignity_NN  .  
  two_MC  companion_NN  pieces_NNS  ,_,  lion_NN  and_CC  unicorn_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  rather_RR  attractive_JJ  ;_;  Hercules_NP  (_(  taming_VBG  a_AT1  lion_NN  )_)  ,_,  Silenus_NP  (_(  his_APP$  arm_NN  thrown_VBN  blissfully_RR  over_IO  a_AT1  barrel_NN  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  centaur_NN  ,_,  executed_VBN  in_IO  unglazed_JJ  red_JJ  earthenware_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  to_TO  shoot_VV0  an_AT1  arrow_NN  back_RP  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN    these_DD2  are_VBR  just_RR  a_DA  few_DA  that_PNQS catch_VV0  the_AT1  eye_NN  ,_,  among_IO  many_DA  .  
  their_APP$  prices_NNS  ,_,  considered_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  prices_NNS  of_IO  more_RG  conventional_JJ  pottery_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  certainly_RR  not_XX  excessive_JJ  .  
  \0P.O_NP  .  
  Selwyn_NP  Mitre_NP  players_NNS  good_JJ  choice_NN  .  
  Shakespeare's_PPIO2    two_MC  gentlemen_NNS  of_IO  Verona_NP  ,_,    this_DD1  year's_NN1$  production_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Selwyn_NP  Mitre_NP  players_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  emerged_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  choice_JB  well-suited_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  talent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_RR  general_RR  commendable_JJ  for_IO  its_APP$  boldness_NN  ,_,  fluency_NN  and_CC  straight_JJ  forward_JJ  interpretation_NN  .  
  performed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  against_IO  a_AT1  dark_JJ  backcloth_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  scenery_NN  other_DA  than_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  chair_NN  or_CC  table_NN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  bareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  naturally_RR  depended_VVD  entirely_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  acting_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  post_NN  review_NN  of_IO  next_DA  week's_NN1$  shows_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  from_IO    salad_NN  days_NNS    stable_NN  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  longest_JJT  running_VBG  musical_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  (_(    salad_NN  days_NNS    )_)  have_VH0  come_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  another_DD1  musical_NN  which_DDQ  goes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  the_AT1  week_NN  after_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  finished_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Nottingham_NP  Theatre_NNL1  royal_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  latest_JJT  from_IO  the_AT1  pens_NNS  and_CC  pianos_NNS  of_IO  Julian_NP  Slade_NP  and_CC  Dorothy_NP  Reynolds_NP  is_VBZ    wildest_JJT  dreams_NNS  ,_,    due_JJ  to_TO  open_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Vaudeville_NP  on_IO  August_NN1  3_MC  .  
    wildest_JJT  dreams_NNS    is_VBZ  set_VBN  in_IO  Nelderham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  country_NN  town_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  girl_NN  called_VBN  Carol_NP  ,_,  just_RR  out_RP  of_IO  school_NN  ,_,  meets_VBZ  Mark_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  reporter_NN  sent_VBN  to_TO  write_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  satirical_JJ  terms_NNS  the_AT1  town's_NN1$  reactions_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  newspaper's_NN1$  questionnaire_NN  .  
  as_CS  in_IO    salad_NN  days_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  young_JJ  couple_NN  have_VH0  personality_NN  and_CC  purpose_NN  .  
  Carol_NP  ,_,  though_CS  monosyllabic_JJ  ,_,  rebellious_JJ  and_CC  scruffy_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  young_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  vision_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  character_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  determination_NN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  teeth_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  interference_NN  .  
  and_CC  Mark_NP  believes_VBZ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  in_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  convert_VV0  a_AT1  whole_JJ  country_NN  town_NN  .  
  Anna_NP  Dawson_NP  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  now_RL  24_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  her_APP$  first_MD  theatrical_JJ  chance_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  Slade-Reynolds_NP  musical_NN  ,_,    free_JJ  as_IO  air_NN  ,_,    and_CC  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  pantomime_NN  and_CC  repertory_NN  experience_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO    marigold_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  .  
  John_NP  Baddeley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS partners_VBZ  her_PPHO1  as_IO  Mark_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  also_RR  in_IO    free_JJ  as_IO  air_NN  ,_,    as_CC  well_CC  as_CC    follow_VV0  that_DD1  girl_NN  .    
  aged_JJ  27_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  actor_NN  whose_PNQV$  experience_NN  has_VHZ  varied_VBN  from_IO  repertory_NN  at_IO  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Bristol_NP  Old_NP  Vic_NP  and_CC  Guildford_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  in_IO    the_AT1  lilac_JJ  domino_NN  .    
  with_IO  Julian_NP  Slade_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  piano_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Reynolds_NP  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  domineering_JJ  aunt_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS meets_VBZ  a_AT1  composer_NN  who_PNQS tries_VBZ  to_TO  sing_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  songs_NNS  (_(  Angus_NP  Mackay_NP    in_IO  private_JJ  life_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Reynold's_PPIO2  husband_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  musical_JJ  numbers_NNS  are_VBR  by_IO  Basil_NP  Pattison_NP  ,_,  and_CC  decor_NN  by_IO  Brian_NP  Currah_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS recently_RR  designed_VVD  for_IO    the_AT1  caretaker_NN  .    
  Playhouse_NNL1  :_:  
  third_MD  week_NN  of_IO    second_MD  post_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  revue_NN  of_IO  28_MC  items_NNS  by_IO  various_JJ  authors_NNS  ,_,  produced_VBN  by_IO  Val_NP  May_NP  before_CS  he_PPHO1  leaves_VBZ  for_IO  Bristol_NP  Old_NP  Vic_NP  .  
  targets_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  skits_NNS  on_IO    beat_VV0  the_AT1  clock_NN    and_CC    the_AT1  Archers_NP2    to_IO  the_AT1  offbeat_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  cast_NN  of_IO  thirteen_MC  topped_VBN  by_IO  Rhoda_NP  Lewis_NP  and_CC  Arthur_NP  Blake_NP  .  
  City_NNL1  cinemas_NNS  .  
  following_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  formula_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tearaway_NN  technique_NN  compounded_VBN  of_IO  slapstick_NN  and_CC  double_JJ  entendre_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sequel_NN  to_IO    dentist_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN    is_VBZ    dentist_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  job_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  ABC_NP  and_CC  Metropole_NP  cinemas_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  manager_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  firm_NN  putting_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  new_JJ  toothpaste_NN  (_(  Eric_NP  Barker_NP  )_)  gets_VBZ  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  dentists_NNS  to_TO  endorse_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  opportunity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  King_NNSB1  Alfred's_PPIO2  dental_JJ  College_NNL1  (_(  likewise_RR  Eric_NP  Barker_NP  )_)  to_TO  unload_VV0  a_AT1  brace_NN  of_IO  recently_RR  graduated_VBN  deadheads_NNS  ,_,  Bob_NP  Monkhouse_NP  and_CC  Ronnie_NP  Stevens_NP  .  
  with_IO  dental_JJ  mechanic_NN  Kenneth_NP  Connor_NP  ,_,  just_RR  out_RP  of_IO  gaol_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  dream_VV0  up_RP  schemes_NNS  to_TO  promote_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  paste_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  they_PPHS2  meet_VV0  Shirley_NP  Eaton_NP    in_IO  a_AT1  bubble_NN  bath_NN  on_RP  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  turn_VV0  a_AT1  wind_NN  machine_NN  .  
  their_APP$  biggest_JJT  achievement_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  when_CS they_PPHS2  hear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  are_VBR  launching_VBG  a_AT1  satellite_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  broadcast_VV0  a_AT1  tape_NN  recording_NN  of_IO  goodwill_NN  for_IO  seven_MC  years_NNS  .  
  now_RL  if_CS  a_AT1  tape_NN  extolling_VBG  the_AT1  virtues_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  toothpaste_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  substituted_VBN  .  .  
  some_DD  hardworking_JJ  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Disney_NP  studios_NNS  has_VHZ  counted_VBN  the_AT1  spots_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Dalmatians_NP2  in_IO    one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  Dalmatians_NP2    at_IO  the_AT1  Odeon_NP  .  
  each_DD1  dog_NN  wears_VBZ  32_MC  to_IO  72_MC  spots_NNS  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  which_WDTI  side_NN  is_VBZ  exposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  viewer_NN    which_DDQ  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  6,469,952_MC  dancing_JJ  spots_NNS  .  
  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  only_RR  right_JJ  and_CC  proper_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  4,000,000-dollar_JB  production_NN  involving_VBG  800_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  drawings_NNS  ,_,  1,000_MC  colours_NNS  and_CC  800_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  paint_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  sophisticated_JJ  to_IO  date_NN  of_IO  Disney's_PPIO2  53_MC  features_NNS  ,_,    one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  Dalmatians_NP2  ,_,    brings_VBZ  together_RR  a_AT1  human_JJ  bachelor_NN  who_PNQS owns_VBZ  a_AT1  Dalmatian_NN1  called_VBN  Pongo_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  shapely_JJ  girl_NN  who_PNQS owns_VBZ  one_MC1  called_VBN  Perdita_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  love_NN  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  ,_,  marriage_NN  at_IO  first_MD  opportunity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  fifteen_MC  beautiful_JJ  puppies_NNS  are_VBR  born_VBN  (_(  to_IO  the_AT1  Dalmatians_NP2  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  enter_VV0  a_AT1  villainess_NN  ,_,  Cruella_NP  De_NP  Vil_NP  ,_,  rich_JJ  ,_,  cunning_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  passion_NN  for_IO  coats_NNS  made_VBN  of_IO  Dalmatian_NN1  hides_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  dognaps_VBZ  the_AT1  pups_NNS  and_CC  puts_VBZ  them_PPHO1  with_IO  101_MC  others_DA2  in_IO  a_AT1  haunted_JJ  old_JJ  English_JJ  manor_NN  house_NN  .  
  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  is_VBZ  baffled_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  get_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  scent_NN  .  
  with_IO    gunlight_NN  at_IO  Sandoval_NP  ,_,    \0Tech_NP  Texas_NP  ranger_NN  Tom_NP  Tryon_NP  avenges_VBZ  death_NN  of_IO  friend_NN  killed_VBN  trying_VBG  to_TO  prevent_VV0  bank_NN  hold-up_NN  .  
  Dan_NP  Duryea_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  Peter_NP  Ustinov_NP  should_VM  join_VV0  the_AT1  exclusive_JJ  four-star_JB  club_NN  by_IO  writing_VBG  ,_,  producing_VBG  ,_,  directing_VBG  and_CC  starring_VBG  in_IO  one_MC1  film_NN  .  
  in_IO    Romanoff_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP  ,_,    at_IO  the_AT1  Gaumont_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  literally_RR  a_AT1  four-star_JB  general_NN  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  also_RR  being_VBG  President_NNSB1  and_CC  \0UN_NP  representative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  country_NN  of_IO  Concordia_NP  ,_,  so_RG  small_JJ  that_CS  even_RR  \0UN_NP  colleagues_NNS  can_VM  n't_XX  locate_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  discovered_VBN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  either_LE  swamped_VBN  with_IO  aid_NN  or_CC  blown_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  .  
  love_NN  and_CC  laughter_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  ,_,  engender_VV0  more_DA  happiness_NN  than_IO  politics_NN  or_CC  philanthropy_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  he_PPHO1  causes_VBZ  pandemonium_NN  by_IO  abstaining_VBG  on_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  vote_NN  involving_VBG  an_AT1  amendment_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  amendment_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  amendment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  to_IO  Concordia_NP  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1  target_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  ambassador_NN  ,_,  Romanoff_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  American_JJ  ambassador_NN  ,_,  Moulsworth_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  whom_WPO  insist_VV0  on_IO  giving_VBG  his_APP$  country_NN  aid_NN  .  
  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  wary_JJ  eye_NN  on_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  they_PPHS2  woo_VV0  Concordia_NP    while_CS  their_APP$  respective_JJ  offspring_NN  (_(  John_NP  Gavin_NP  and_CC  Sandra_NP  Dee_NP  )_)  are_VBR  breaking_VBG  down_RP  international_JJ  barriers_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  spot_NN  of_IO  wooing_VBG  themselves_PPX2  .  
  Technicolor_NP  .  
  with_IO    a_AT1  date_NN  with_IO  death_NN  ,_,    Gerald_NP  Mohr_NP  tracks_VBZ  policeman's_NN1$  killer_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  roaring_JJ  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  a_AT1  century_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  town_NN  is_VBZ  more_RRR  terrorised_JJ  than_IO    Warlock_NP    (_(  elite_NN  )_)  where_CS the_AT1  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  reduced_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  cowardly_JJ  citizens_NNS  as_CS  one_MC1  sheriff_NN  after_IO  another_DD1  is_VBZ  murdered_VBN  or_CC  run_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  town_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  monthly_JJ  beat-up_NN  the_AT1  place_NN  receives_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  cowboys_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  San_NP  Pablo_NP  ranch_NN  .  
  the_AT1  brawlers_NNS  ,_,  drinkers_NNS  and_CC  killers_NNS  include_VV0  Richard_NP  Widmark_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  grown_VBN  to_TO  hate_VV0  these_DD2  descents_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  defenceless_JJ  town_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  massacre_NN  of_IO  harmless_JJ  Mexicans_NP2  .  
  in_IO  desperation_NN  of_IO  ever_RR  getting_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  sheriff_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  protect_VV0  them_PPHO1  by_IO  law_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  townsfolk_NNS  hire_VV0  Henry_NP  Fonda_NP  who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  his_APP$  fast_JJ  gunplay_NN  and_CC  be_VB0  above_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  .  
  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  crippled_JJ  gambler_NN  Anthony_NP  Quinn_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  Marshal_NNSB1  arrives_VBZ  and_CC  makes_VBZ  his_APP$  mark_NN  .  
  sickened_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  lawless_JJ  killing_NN  ,_,  Widmark_NP  throws_VBZ  in_RP  his_APP$  lot_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Dorothy_NP  Malone_NP  .  
  CinemaScope_NP  ,_,  \0Tech_NP  .  
  with_IO    between_IO  heaven_NN  and_CC  hell_NN  ,_,    CinemaScope_NP  ,_,  Terry_NP  Moore_NP  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  feudal_JJ  attitude_NN  husband_NN  Robert_NP  Wagner_NP  has_VHZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  sharecroppers_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  land_NN  will_VM  one_MC1  day_NN  cause_VV0  trouble_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  called_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  .  
  Mechanics_NP  :_:  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  crooked_JJ  man_NN  .    
  ex_JB  army_JJB"  explosives_NNS  expert_JJ  Norman_NP  Wisdom_NP  is_VBZ  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  join_VV0  gang_NN  of_IO  safecrackers_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  argument_NN  that_CS  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  n't_XX  any_DD  criminals_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  clergymen_NNS  ,_,  police_NNS  and_CC  probation_NN  officers_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  out_RP  of_IO  work_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  successes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  gang_NN  disguise_VV0  themselves_PPX2  as_IO  American_JJ  army_NN  officers_NNS  and_CC  work_VV0  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  swindle_NN  by_IO  blowing_VBG  up_RP  an_AT1  entire_JB  town_NN  .  
  Susannah_NP  York_NP  .  
  Alfred_NP  Marks_NP  .  
  with_IO    trapeze_NN  ,_,    crippled_VBN  and_CC  embittered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  fall_NN  ,_,  circus_NN  star_NN  Burt_NP  Lancaster_NP  refuses_VBZ  to_TO  teach_VV0  American_JJ  acrobat_NN  Tony_NP  Curtis_NP  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  triple_JJ  somersault_NN  .  
  whirling_VBG  round_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  circus_NN  tent_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  solve_VV0  an_AT1  emotional_JJ  triangle_NN  involving_VBG  Gina_NP  Lollobrigida_NP  .  
  in_IO  Japan_NP  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  play_VV0  something_PN1  called_VBN    the_AT1  Cola_NP  game_NN  ,_,    described_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Scala_NP  .  
  a_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  place_VV0  a_AT1  Coca-Cola_NP  bottle_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  side_NN  and_CC  spin_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  stops_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  couple_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  points_VBZ  must_VM  make_VV0  love_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  others_DA2  which_DDQ  explains_VBZ  why_CS Coca-Cola_NP  sells_VBZ  very_RG  well_RR  in_IO  Japan_NP  .  
  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  young_JJ  co-ed_NN  named_VBN  Junko_NP  gets_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  and_CC  thus_RR  meets_VBZ  a_AT1  youngster_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  affair_NN  .  
  discovering_VBG  herself_PPX1  pregnant_JJ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  abortion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  lover_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  care_VV0  less_RRR  and_CC  goes_VBZ  off_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  ski-ing_NN  trip_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  apartment_NN  .  
  Junko_NP  moves_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  flat_NN  and_CC  goes_VBZ  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  architect_NN  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  respects_VBZ  greatly_RR  and_CC  who_PNQS feels_VBZ  sorry_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  here_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  experiences_VBZ  the_AT1  true_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  love_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  .    
  X-certificate_NN  .  
  Phillipe_NP  Lemarre_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  scapegoat_NN  of_IO  some_DD  doubtful_JJ  pals_NNS  in_IO    les_&FW  clandestines_&FW    at_IO  the_AT1  Moulin_NP  Rouge_NP  .  
  sent_VBN  to_IO  gaol_NN  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  quixotically_RR  ,_,  refused_VBN  to_TO  clear_VV0  himself_PPX1  by_IO  betraying_VBG  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  finds_VBZ  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  driven_VBN  to_IO  suicide_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  crooks_NNS  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  thriving_JJ  call-girl_NN  racket_NN  operating_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  man's_NN1$  apartment_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  over_RP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  blonde_JJ  mannequin_NN  Nicole_NP  Courcel_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  released_JJ  prisoner_NN  pieces_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  together_RR  .  
  with_IO    the_AT1  parasites_NNS  ,_,    Jeanne_NP  Moreau_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  streetgirl_NN  forever_RR  searching_VBG  for_IO  real_JJ  love_NN  in_IO  Montmartre_NP  .  
  when_CS her_APP$  protector_NN  is_VBZ  betrayed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  she_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  entangled_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  shadowy_JJ  creatures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  underworld_NN  .  
  both_DB2  films_NNS  X-certificate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  post_NN  review_NN  of_IO  next_DA  week's_NN1$  shows_NNS  .  
  Jessie_NP  and_CC  Ralph_NP  twinkle_VV0  again_RR  .  
  two_MC  veterans_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  twenties_MC2  and_CC  thirties_MC2    one_MC1  remembered_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  vivacity_NN  in_IO  musicals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  for_IO  his_APP$  assinities_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  world_NN  famous_JJ  farces_NNS    visit_VV0  Nottingham_NP  next_DA  week_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  team_NN  .  
  Jessie_NP  Matthews_NP  and_CC  Ralph_NP  Lynn_NP  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Theatre_NNL1  royal_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  farce_NN  called_VBN    port_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  storm_NN    by_IO  Rex_NP  Howard_NP  Arundel_NP  .  
  the_AT1  ex_JB    Cochran_NP  young_JJ  lady_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  monocled_JJ    ass_NN    of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  pieces_NNS  of_IO  Ben_NP  Travers_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Aldwych_NP  are_VBR  cast_VBN  respectively_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  crime_NN  novelist_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  old_JJ  flame_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  hides_VBZ  him_PPHO1  at_IO  home_NN1  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  run_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  virago_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wife_NN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  discovers_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  also_RR  harbouring_VBG  a_AT1  stolen_JJ  diamond_NN  necklace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  writer_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  house_NN  staff_NN  of_IO  ex-convicts_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  underworld_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  farce's_NN1$  ingredients_NNS  include_VV0  a_AT1  long-lost_JJ  son_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  runaway_JB  secretary_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lock-picking_JJ  butler_NN  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  its_APP$  pre-London_JB  tour_NN  .  
  Jessie_NP  Matthews_NP  made_VVD  her_APP$  first_MD  appearance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  in_IO  1917_MC  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ten_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  to_IO  revue_NN  five_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_APP$  first_MD  hit_NN  while_CS  still_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  teens_NNS  ,_,  understudying_VBG  Gertrude_NP  Lawrence_NP  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  London_NP  she_PPHO1  twinkled_VVD  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  as_IO  \0C_NP  \0B_NP  Cochran's_PPIO2  brightest_JJT  discoveries_NNS  in_IO  shows_NNS  that_PNQS ranged_VVD  from_IO    this_DD1  year_NN  of_IO  grace_NN    and_CC    one_MC1  damn_JJ  thing_NN  after_IO  another_DD1    to_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ    evergreen_NN    which_DDQ  ,_,  as_IO  well_II  as_II  being_VBG  made_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  ran_VVD  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Matthews_NP  last_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Nottingham_NP  Theatre_NNL1  Royal_NNSB1  in_IO  1955_MC  when_CS she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  daughter_NN  Katie_NP  played_VVD  in_IO  Coward's_PPIO2    private_JJ  lives_NNS  .    
  nearly_RR  80_MC  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  lively_JJ  79_MC  ,_,  Ralph_NP  Lynn_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  going_VBG  strong_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  since_IO  1900_MC  (_(  when_CS he_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  in_IO    King_NNSB1  of_IO  terrors_NNS    at_IO  Wigan_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  about_IO  1925_MC  was_VBDZ  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  debonair_JJ  tricks_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  repertory_NN  theatre_NN  in_IO  Hyson_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,  Nottingham_NP  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Grand_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  going_JJ  concern_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  Tom_NP  Walls_NP  and_CC  Robertson_NP  Hare_NP  made_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Aldwych_NP  synonymous_JJ  with_IO  farce_NN  through_IO  such_DA  classics_NNS  of_IO  foolery_NN  as_IO    cuckoo_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nest_NN  ,_,      Thark_NP    and_CC    Rookery_NP  Nook_NP  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  bald_JJ  sparring_NN  partner_NN  appeared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Theatre_NNL1  royal_JJ  in_IO  1952_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  premiere_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  Ben_NP  Travers_NP  farce_NN  ,_,    wild_JJ  horses_NNS  .    
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  together_RR  again_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  in_IO  Peter_NP  Jones's_PPIO2    the_AT1  party_NN  spirit_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  (_(    oh_UH  ,_,  calamity_NN  !_!    )_)  Hare_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  again_RR  in_IO  Nottingham_NP  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  on_IO  October_NN1  16_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  bride_NN  come_VBN  back_RP    with_IO  Jack_NP  Hulbert_NP  and_CC  Cicely_NP  Courtneidge_NP  .  
  Playhouse_NNL1  :_:  
  fourth_MD  and_CC  positively_RR  final_JJ  week_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revue_NN    second_MD  post_NN    twenty-eight_MC  items_NNS  of_IO  song_NN  ,_,  sketch_NN  and_CC  dance_NN  by_IO  various_JJ  authors_NNS  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  just_RR  been_VBN  sold_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  west_NP  end_NP  revue_NN    the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Chamberlain_NNSB1  regrets_VBZ        Lady_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  camellias_NNS  ,_,    in_IO  which_DDQ  Rhoda_NP  Lewis_NP  sings_VBZ  a_JJ  la_II  Dietrich_NP  ,_,  and_CC    cries_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  London_NP    involving_VBG  three_MC  decrepit_JJ  bellringers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  stomach-heaving_JJ    sick_JJ    joke_NN  .  
  City_NNL1  cinemas_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  ten-year-old_JB  opus_NN  by_IO  Alfred_NP  Hitchcock_NP  is_VBZ  re-issued_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  ABC_NP  and_CC  Metropole_NP    his_APP$    strangers_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  train_NN  .    
  a_AT1  long_JJ  train_NN  journey_NN  often_RR  prompts_VBZ  complete_JJ  strangers_NNS  to_TO  strike_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  casual_JJ  conversation_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  talk_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  ,_,  politics_NN  or_CC  crime_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  rare_JJ  for_IO  two_MC  people_NNS  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  murder_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  level_NN  .  
  film_NN  page_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0F_NP  Leslie_NP  Winters_NP  .  
  Hollywood_NP  decides_VBZ  that_CS  1961_MC  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  super_JJ  colossal_JJ  year_NN  .  
  having_VHG  looked_VBN  back_RP  on_IO  1960_MC  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  time_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  1961_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  films_NNS  it_PPH1  will_VM  bring_VV0  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  Hollywood_NP  activities_NNS  go_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  correspondent_NN  there_RL  says_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  after_IO  preliminary_JJ  box-office_NN  results_NNS  of_IO    the_AT1  Alamo_NP    and_CC    Spartacus_NP  ,_,    there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  drop_NN  in_IO  super-colossal_JJ  productions_NNS  and_CC  emphasis_NN  trends_VBZ  to_IO  intimate_JJ  little_JJ  pictures_NNS  with_IO  sex_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  motif_NN  .  
  this_DD1  follows_VBZ  the_AT1  invasion_NN  of_IO  European_JJ  films_NNS  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  here_RL  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  selected_VBN  25_MC  coming_JJ  British_JJ  films_NNS  which_DDQ  look_VV0  promising_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  types_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  picture_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  strictly_RR  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  American_JJ  yet_CF  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  a_AT1  British_JJ  star_NN  and_CC  director_NN  is_VBZ    Lawrence_NP  of_IO  Arabia_NP  ,_,    with_IO  Peter_NP  O'Toole_NP  and_CC  made_VBN  by_IO  David_NP    River_NNL1  Kwai_NP    Lean_NP  .  
  our_APP$  own_DA  Michael_NP  Anderson_NP  has_VHZ  also_RR  made_VBN  the_AT1  drama-thriller_NN    the_AT1  naked_JJ  edge_NN    with_IO  American_NN1  Gary_NP  Cooper_NP  and_CC  British_JJ  /_IO  \0U.S_NP  Deborah_NP  Kerr_NP  .  
  Peter_NP  Finch_NP  ,_,  for_IO  whom_WPO  1960_MC  was_VBDZ  triumphant_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  political_JJ  drama_NN    no_AT1  love_NN  for_IO  Johnnie_NP  ,_,    while_CS  Peter_NP  Sellers_NP  stars_VBZ  and_CC  directs_VBZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  business_NN  drama_NN    \0Mr_NNSB1  Topaze_NP  .    
  sophisticated_JJ  .  
  Richard_NP  Todd_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  sophisticated_JJ  comedy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  war_NN  drama_NN      do_VD0  n't_XX  bother_VV0  to_TO  knock_VV0    and_CC    the_AT1  long_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  short_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  tall_JJ  .    
  another_DD1  star_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  also_RR  directing_VBG  is_VBZ  Nigel_NP  Patrick_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  film_NN  is_VBZ    Johnny_NP  Nobody_NP  ,_,    with_IO  Aldo_NP  Ray_NP  and_CC  Yvonne_NP  Mitchell_NP  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  have_VH0  such_DA  extremes_NNS  as_IO    carry_VV0  on_RP  regardless_RR  ,_,    with_IO  a_AT1  cast_NN  you_PPY  could_VM  pretty_RR  well_RR  guess_VV0  ,_,  and_CC    Macbeth_NP  ,_,    with_IO  Maurice_NP  Evans_NP  and_CC  Judith_NP  Anderson_NP  .  
  Stanley_NP  Baker_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO    the_AT1  criminal_NN  ,_,    and_CC  so_PN1  will_VM  Michael_NP  Craig_NP  in_IO    payroll_NN  .    
  crime_NN  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO    frightened_JJ  city_NN  ,_,    with_IO  John_NP  Gregson_NP  and_CC  Herbert_NP  Lom_NP    a_AT1  vice_NN  expose_NN  .  
  horror_NN  plus_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  are_VBR  scheduled_VBN  with_IO    the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  light_NN    (_(  uncast_JJ  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  film_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0TV_NN  success_NN    Quatermass_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  pit_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  unthinkable_JJ  without_IO  Andre_NP  Morell_NP  .  
    the_AT1  phantom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opera_NN    (_(  once_RR  Lon_NP  Chaney's_PPIO2  triumph_NN  )_)  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  remade_VBN  over_RP  here_RL    the_AT1  third_MD  edition_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
  back_RP  to_IO  comedies_NNS    Leslie_NP  Phillips_NP  ,_,  James_NP  Robertson_NP  Justice_NP  and_CC  Eric_NP  Sykes_NP  combine_NN  with_IO    very_RG  important_JJ  person_NN    ;_;  Jimmy_NP  Edwards_NP  will_VM  give_VV0  us_PPIO2     nearly_RR  a_AT1  nasty_JJ  accident_NN    ;_;  Ian_NP  Carmichael_NP  and_CC  Janette_NP  Scott_NP  co-star_VV0  in_IO    double_JJ  bunk_NN  ,_,    and_CC  Terry-Thomas_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  Janette_NP  for_IO    his_APP$  and_CC  hers_PP$  .    
  heart-throb_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  prophecy_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  heart-throb_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  Warren_NP  Beatty_NP  ,_,  over_RP  here_RL  to_TO  star_VV0  with_IO  Vivien_NP  Leigh_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  sordid_JJ  drama_NN  called_VBN    the_AT1  Roman_JJ  spring_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Stone_NP  .    
  Warren_NP  is_VBZ  engaged_VBN  to_IO  Joan_NP  Collins_NP  .  
  another_DD1  American_NN1  here_RL  is_VBZ  Susan_NP  Strasberg_NP  ,_,  to_TO  co-star_VV0  with_IO  Ronald_NP  Lewis_NP  and_CC  Ann_NP  Todd_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  thriller_NN  ,_,    taste_NN  of_IO  fear_NN  .    
  British_JJ  George_NP  Sanders_NP  stays_VBZ  on_RP  to_TO  co-star_VV0  with_IO  Peter_NP  Cushing_NP  in_IO    time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .    
  to_TO  end_VV0  with_IO  another_DD1  contrast_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  Max_NP  Bygraves_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  serious_JJ  film_NN  about_IO  slum_NN  school_NN  life_NN  ,_,    spare_VV0  the_AT1  rod_NN  ,_,    and_CC  Virginia_NP  McKenna_NP  returning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  screen_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  tense_JJ  drama_NN  set_VBN  in_IO  Sweden_NP      two_MC  living_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  dead_JJ  ,_,    in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  will_VM  co-star_VV0  with_IO  husband_NN  Bill_NP  Travers_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  D-day_NN    in_IO  four_MC  different_JJ  versions_NNS  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  two_MC  major_JJ  films_NNS  about_IO  D-day_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  certainly_RR  Howarth's_PPIO2  book_NN    dawn_NN  of_IO  D-day_NN    has_VHZ  been_VBN  purchased_VBN  for_IO  filming_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Darryl_NP  Zanuck_NP  is_VBZ  first_MD  with_IO  details_NNS  about_IO  his_APP$    longest_JJT  day_NN  ,_,    by_IO  Cornelius_NP  Ryan_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  start_VV0  production_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  6_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  Omaha_NP  beach_NN  ,_,  Normandy_NP  ,_,  on_IO  sequences_NNS  to_TO  cost_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  an_AT1  average_JJ  minor_JJ  epic_NN  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  four_MC  parts_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  director_NN  ,_,  telling_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  story_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  ,_,  American_JJ  ,_,  French_JJ  and_CC  German_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  Monty's_PPIO2  view_NN  of_IO  Zanuck's_PPIO2  statement_NN  :_:    
  the_AT1  theme_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  stupidity_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  allies_NNS  made_VVD  every_AT1  conceivable_JJ  physical_JJ  mistake_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  fortunately_RR  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  made_VVD  more_DA  .  
  unbelievable_JJ  blunders_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  took_VVD  place_NN  .    
  how_CS the_AT1  Americans_NP2  love_VV0  to_TO  debunk_VV0  !_!  
  a_AT1  pity_NN  this_DD1  country_NN  has_VHZ  n't_XX  anything_PN1  comparable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP  motion_NN  picture_NN  museum_NN  .  
  a_AT1  big_JJ  new_JJ  building_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  planned_VBN  to_TO  house_VV0  nearly_RR  two_MC  million_MC  pounds_NNS  worth_NN  of_IO  equipment_NN  dating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  pioneer_NN  days_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  Hollywood_NP  bowl_NN  (_(  famous_JJ  arena_NN  and_CC  scene_NN  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  ,_,  music_NN  and_CC  pageantry_NN  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  American_JJ  film_NN  industry_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  lay_VV0  out_RP  *+350,000_NNU  on_IO  exhibits_NNS  and_CC  *+180,000_NNU  on_IO  equipping_VBG  sound_NN  stages_NNS  for_IO  demonstrations_NNS  of_IO  film_NN  production_NN  .  
  versatile_JJ  Joe_NP  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Gordon_NP  .  
  Joe_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  former_DA  white-haired_JJ  comedian_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0ITV_NP  beat_JJ  show_NN    wham_UH  ,_,    has_VHZ  really_RR  hit_VBN  a_AT1  gusher_NN  .  
  just_RR  before_IO  starting_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  one-nighters_NNS    in_IO  West_NP  Bromwich_NP  this_DD1  week_NN    he_PPHO1  recorded_VVD  two_MC  numbers_NNS  ,_,    shine_VV0    and_CC    the_AT1  switch_NN    (_(  Pye_NP  7N15322_&FO  )_)  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  half_NN  he_PPHO1  chants_VBZ  away_RP  happily_RR  ;_;  the_AT1  backer_NN  is_VBZ  purely_RR  instrumental_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  splendid_JJ  disc_NN  proves_VBZ  Joe's_PPIO2  versatility_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  top_JB  star_NN  this_DD1  year_NN    you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  .  
  Bill_NP  Bramwell's_PPIO2    candid_JJ  camera_NN  theme_NN    (_(  Decca_NP  F11309_ZZ1  )_)  is_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  unusual_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  guitar_NN  ,_,  piccolo_NN  and_CC  gimmick_NN  vocal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  ,_,    Frederika_NP  ,_,    brings_VBZ  a_AT1  more_RG  orthodox_JJ  musical_JJ  combination_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  slow_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  haunting_JJ  ,_,  bluesy_JJ  piece_NN  .  
  two_MC  good_JJ  sides_NNS  .  
  film_NN  page_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0F_NP  Leslie_NP  Winters_NP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  bent_JJ  halo_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  life_NN  ,_,  loves_NNS  and_CC  music_NN  of_IO  Franz_NP  Liszt_NP  add_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  cinematic_JJ  treat_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  (_(  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  quite_RR  know_VV0  who_PNQS    they_PPHS2    are_VBR  )_)  that_CS  audiences_NNS  will_VM  n't_XX  accept_VV0  so_RG  eagerly_RR  these_DD2  days_NNS  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  films_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  tremendously_RR  successful_JJ  about_RR  15_MC  to_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  film_NN  executives_NNS  express_VV0  doubts_NNS  whether_CS  a_AT1    seventh_MD  veil_NN    type_NN  of_IO  theme_NN  would_VM  capture_VV0  people's_NN2  fancy_NN  today_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  way_NN  it_PPH1  once_RR  did_VDD  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  warm_JJ  regard_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  immensely_RR  popular_JJ    song_NN  to_TO  remember_VV0  ,_,    in_IO  which_DDQ  Cornel_NP  Wilde_NP  played_VVD  Chopin_NP    made_VBN  in_IO  wartime_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  captured_VVD  people's_NN2  hearts_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  ears_NNS  .  
  shunned_VBN  .  
  can_VM  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  success_NN  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  times_NNS  .  
  or_CC  does_VBZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  costume_NN  ,_,  classical_JJ  music_NN  and_CC  courtly_JJ  manner_NN  seem_VV0  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  shunned_VBN  by_IO  audiences_NNS  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  horror_NN  and_CC  crime_NN  addicts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  sorry_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  for_IO    song_NN  without_IO  end_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  tells_VBZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Franz_NP  Liszt_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  film_NN  worth_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  for_IO  its_APP$  music_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  decor_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  acting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  elegance_NN  .  
  those_DD2  classical_JJ  composers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  musical_JJ  era_NN  are_VBR  certainties_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  script-writers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  private_JJ  lives_NNS  ,_,  mainly_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  as_RG  wildly_RR  romantic_JJ  and_CC  as_RG  full_JJ  of_IO  drama_NN  as_IO  any_DD  novelist's_NN1$  inventions_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  usually_RR  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  soften_VV0  the_AT1  outlines_NNS  ,_,  polish_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  bent_JJ  haloes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  omit_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  facts_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,    song_NN  without_IO  end_NN    is_VBZ  fairly_RR  accurate_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  marred_VBN  by_IO  a_DA  few_DA  American_JJ  accents_NNS  and_CC  expressions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  reticent_JJ  about_IO  Liszt's_PPIO2  long_JJ  affair_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  Russian_JJ  princess_NN  .  
  despite_IO  the_AT1  detail_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  goes_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  even_RR  whisper_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  lived_VVD  together_RR  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  passion_NN  ,_,  piety_NN  and_CC  regret_NN  .  
  but_CCB  jarring_JJ  moments_NNS  are_VBR  remarkably_RR  few_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  hours_NNS  and_CC  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  to_TO  cover_VV0  Liszt's_PPIO2  career_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  26_MC  until_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  monastery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  film's_NN1$  inference_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  composer_NN  has_VHZ  found_VBN  peace_NN  and_CC  will_VM  never_RR  emerge_VV0  again_RR  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  merely_RR  took_VVD  a_AT1  minor_JJ  order_NN  and_CC  toured_VVD  Europe_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  white-haired_JJ  and_CC  pretty_RR  gay_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  also_RR  merely_RR  includes_VBZ  two_MC  women_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  (_(  from_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  who_PNQS caught_VVD  his_APP$  eye_NN  )_)    French_JJ  Countess_NNSB1  Marie_NP  
  with_IO  so_RG  many_DA  problems_NNS  to_TO  solve_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  great_JJ  help_NN  to_TO  select_VV0  some_DD  one_MC1  problem_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  begin_VV0  there_RL  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  such_DA  key-problem_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  held_VBN  .  
  some_DD  critics_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  many_DA  ,_,  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  gospel_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  mind_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  hand_NN  .  
  for_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  exist_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  detractors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  felt_VBN  by_IO  modern_JJ  critics_NNS  are_VBR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  being_VBG  read_VBN  and_CC  examined_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  meant_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  truth_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  contention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  must_VM  always_RR  remember_VV0  that_CS  no_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  critic_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  searching_JJ  scrutiny_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  textual_JJ  critic_NN  raises_VBZ  were_VBDR  of_IO  no_AT1  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  immaculate_JJ  conception_NN  of_IO  John_NP  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  contrasts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  gospels_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  striking_JJ  unanimity_NN  of_IO  scholars_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  detected_VBN  dislocations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  gospel_NN  is_VBZ  homogeneous_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  Church_NNL1  .  
  Loisy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  this_DD1  view_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  excommunicated_VBN  in_IO  1907_MC  after_CS  a_AT1  Biblical_JJ  commission_NN  had_VHD  answered_VBN  three_MC  questions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Pope_NNSB1  made_VVD  their_APP$  three_MC  answers_NNS  articles_NNS  of_IO  faith_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  article_NN  affirmed_VVD  the_AT1  authorship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apostle_NN  John_NP  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  arise_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  comparisons_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  synoptics_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  reasonably_RR  solved_VBN  by_IO  paying_VBG  due_JJ  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  plan_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  public_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  or_CC  against_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  the_AT1  author_NN  wrote_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  article_NN  excluded_VVD  any_DD  allegorical_JJ  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  whole_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  theories_NNS  which_DDQ  attempt_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  by_IO  explanations_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  assumed_JJ  textual_JJ  dislocations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  accident-prone_JJ  history_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  roll_NN  ,_,  or_CC  codex_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  fell_VVD  into_IO  disorder_NN  or_CC  was_VBDZ  accidentally_RR  damaged_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  editor_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  author_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  of_IO  the_AT1  chaos_NN  by_IO  placing_VBG  the_AT1  fragments_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  sheets_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  pages_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  order_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS expound_VV0  a_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  textual_JJ  dislocation_NN  take_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  granted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  gospel_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  entirely_RR  by_IO  one_MC1  author_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  but_CCB  a_DA  few_DA  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  open_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  book_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  revised_VBN  even_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  upheaval_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ingenuity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theories_NNS  is_VBZ  impressive_JJ  and_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  argument_NN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  as_RG  fortuitous_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  suppose_VV0  ,_,  rational_JJ  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  critic_NN  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  discover_VV0  order_NN  ,_,  sequence_NN  and_CC  purpose_NN  .  
  the_AT1  textual_JJ  dislocators_NNS  recount_VV0  tales_NNS  of_IO  disorder_NN  ,_,  of_IO  transposition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  wayward_JJ  impulse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  editor_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS at_IO  one_MC1  moment_NN  compels_VBZ  admiration_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  spiritual_JJ  insight_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  is_VBZ  rolling_VBG  dice_NNS  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  chance_NN  into_IO  these_DD2  schemes_NNS  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  test_VV0  them_PPHO1  statistically_RR  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  confirms_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  ingenuity_NN  is_VBZ  their_APP$  only_DA  virtue_NN  .  
  one_MC1  must_VM  not_XX  pass_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  derangement_NN  theories_NNS  without_IO  acknowledgment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  contain_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  exponent_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  theory_NN  has_VHZ  seen_VBN  some_DD  regularities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  regularities_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  simple_JJ  nor_CC  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  continuous_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  critic_NN  then_RL  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  order_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  sheets_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  pages_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  original_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  disorder_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  rearrangements_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  sheets_NNS  or_CC  pages_NNS  .  
  to_TO  dismiss_VV0  the_AT1  textual-derangement_JB  theories_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  hand_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  discard_VV0  some_DD  acute_JJ  observation_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  incomplete_JJ  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  wrongly_RR  developed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  type_NN  of_IO  theory_NN  would_VM  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  having_VHG  been_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  book_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  now_RL  is_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  enlargement_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  little_JJ  gospel_NN  some_DD  movements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commentator_NN  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  leading_JJ  exponent_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  view_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  commentary_NN  on_IO  John_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sets_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  detail_NN  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  enlargement_NN  .  
  a_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  offers_VBZ  considerable_JJ  advantages_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  explain_VV0  the_AT1  early_JJ  substratum_NN  undoubtedly_RR  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  also_RR  account_VV0  for_IO  passages_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  easily_RR  reconciled_VBN  with_IO  early_JJ  and_CC  accurate_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  Jesus's_PPIO2  life_NN  and_CC  work_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  offer_VV0  a_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  textual_JJ  changes_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  neither_LE  chance_NN  nor_CC  accident_NN    two_MC  terms_NNS  which_DDQ  too_RG  often_RR  cover_VV0  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  reason_NN  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  real_JJ  weakness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commentator's_NN1$  case_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  ,_,  until_IO  now_RL  ,_,  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  exhibit_VV0  exactly_RR  how_CS this_DD1  enlargement_NN  was_VBDZ  effected_VBN  nor_CC  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  textual_JJ  movements_NNS  by_IO  showing_NN  that_CS  such_DA  changes_NNS  are_VBR  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  coherent_JJ  plan_NN  .  
  to_TO  understand_VV0  how_CS this_DD1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  certainly_RR  written_VBN  in_IO  Greek_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  modern_JJ  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  generations_NNS  of_IO  scholars_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  compared_VBN  the_AT1  many_DA  manuscripts_NNS  of_IO  John_NP  and_CC  worked_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  version_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  most_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  original_JJ  wording_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  any_DD  one_MC1  text_NN  with_IO  absolute_JJ  precision_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  convenient_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  the_AT1  authors_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  \0A_NP  Souter_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  is_VBZ  printed_VBN  as_IO  just_RR  over_RR  1,000_MC  different_JJ  nouns_NNS  ,_,  verbs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  speech_NN  occurring_VBG  15,695_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  different_JJ  grammatical_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  texts_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  )_)  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  importance_NN  which_DDQ  text_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  .  
  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  Souter_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  texts_NNS  is_VBZ  rather_RR  large_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  British_JJ  text_NN  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  paragraph_NN  7.53-8.11_MC-MC  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  taken_VBN  in_IO  adultery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  178_MC  words_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  279_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  15,695_MC  words_NNS  of_IO  Souter's_PPIO2  text_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  15,416_MC  of_IO  Nestle's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  omission_NN  or_CC  inclusion_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  paragraph_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  editorial_JJ  decision_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  scribal_JJ  emendation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  and_CC  studied_VBN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  decide_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  paragraph_NN  should_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  excluded_VBN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  Souter's_PPIO2  text_NN  and_CC  Nestle's_PPIO2  is_VBZ  101_MC  words_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  true_JJ  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  figures_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  difference_NN  is_VBZ  101_MC  words_NNS  in_IO  15,555_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  figure_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  textual_JJ  critics_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  congratulated_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  assume_VV0  that_CS  Souter's_PPIO2  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  represents_VBZ  99_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  text_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  remainder_NN  not_XX  much_DA  is_VBZ  of_IO  consequence_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  variant_JJ  readings_NNS  often_RR  concern_VV0  verbal_JJ  tenses_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  word_NN  order_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  insertion_NN  or_CC  omission_NN  of_IO  qualifying_JJ  clauses_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  affect_VV0  the_AT1  content_NN  or_CC  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  to_IO  any_DD  great_JJ  extent_NN  .  
  Souter's_PPIO2  text_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  identical_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  John_NP  .  
  the_AT1  gospel_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  written_VBN  by_IO  hand_NN  in_IO  individual_JJ  letters_NNS  ;_;  block_NN  capitals_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  equivalent_NN  today_NN1  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  spaces_NNS  between_IO  words_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  accustomed_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  and_CC  punctuation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  .  
  the_AT1  comma_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  full_JJ  stop_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  colon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  interrogation_NN  mark_NN  are_VBR  all_DB  modern_JJ  additions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chapter_NN  and_CC  verse_NN  divisions_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  old_JJ  and_CC  new_JJ  testaments_NNS  date_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  reformation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chapters_NNS  were_VBDR  marked_VBN  by_IO  Stephen_NP  Langton_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  verses_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  Parisian_JJ  printer_NN  Stephanus_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS produced_VVD  the_AT1  1546_MC  printed_JJ  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  in_IO  Greek_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  punctuation_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  originals_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  is_VBZ  paragraphos_&FW  markings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  was_VBDZ  indicated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  bar_NN  drawn_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  letters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  section_NN  finished_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  bar_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  commonest_JJT  marking_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  others_DA2  were_VBDR  also_RR  used_VBN  .  
  dots_NNS  sometimes_RR  served_VVD  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  cases_NNS  where_CS spacing_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  used_VBN  to_TO  mark_VV0  a_AT1  paragraph_NN  ending_NN  .  
  frequently_RR  paragraphos_&FW  markings_NNS  were_VBDR  omitted_VBN  .  
  \0C_NP  \0H_NP  Roberts_NP  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  gospel_NN  some_DD  markings_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  which_WDTI  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0G_NP  Turner_NP  is_VBZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  unmarked_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  written_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  roll_NN  or_CC  codex_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  paragraphed_VBN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  laid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  columns_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  invariable_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  ancient_JJ  manuscripts_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  common_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  column_NN  would_VM  hold_VV0  about_RR  one_MC1  third_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  page_NN  of_IO  Souter's_PPIO2  print_NN  .  
  the_AT1  writing_NN  instrument_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stylus_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wedge-shaped_JJ  pen_NN  cut_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  reed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ink_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  carbon_NN  black_NN  in_IO  water_NN  with_IO  gum_NN  Arabic_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  solvent_NN  .  
  the_AT1    paper_NN    would_VM  be_VB0  papyrus_NN  or_CC  parchment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  a_AT1  roll_NN  or_CC  codex_NN  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  a_AT1  scholar_NN  what_DDQ  form_NN  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  answered_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  hesitation_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  papyrus_NN  roll_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  confident_JJ  is_VBZ  ,_,  simply_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  surviving_JJ  classical_JJ  manuscripts_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  papyrus_NN  rolls_NNS  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  ,_,  sheets_NNS  of_IO  papyrus_NN  were_VBDR  glued_VBN  edge_NN  to_IO  edge_NN  until_CS  a_AT1  single_JJ  sheet_NN  ,_,  often_RR  twenty_MC  to_IO  twenty-five_MC  feet_NNS  wide_JJ  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sheet_NN  was_VBDZ  attached_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  dowel_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sheet_NN  wound_VBN  round_IO  this_DD1  central_JJ  pin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  roll_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  serviceable_JJ  book_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  robust_JJ    the_AT1  number_NN  which_DDQ  have_VH0  survived_VBN  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  is_VBZ  ample_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  stored_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  two_MC  disadvantages_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  a_AT1  single-sided_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  book_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  easy_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  book_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  reference_NN  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  objection_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  some_DD  weight_NN  in_IO  ecclesiastical_JJ  circles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  natural_JJ  history_NN  ,_,  13_MC  .  11-12_MC-MC  ,_,  the_AT1  elder_JJ  Pliny_NP  tells_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  papyrus_NN  in_IO  roll-making_NN  .  
  as_CS  Pliny_NP  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eruption_NN  of_IO  Vesuvius_NP  which_DDQ  overwhelmed_VVD  Herculaneum_NP  and_CC  Pompeii_NP  in_IO  \0A.D_RR  79_MC  ,_,  his_APP$  information_NN  is_VBZ  contemporaneous_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  form_NN  of_IO  book_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  codex_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  sheets_NNS  were_VBDR  bound_VBN  together_RR  down_IO  one_MC1  edge_NN  much_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  modern_JJ  books_NNS  .  
  normally_RR  the_AT1  sheets_NNS  were_VBDR  bound_VBN  in_IO  groups_NNS  ,_,  called_VBN  quires_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quires_NNS  were_VBDR  stitched_VBN  together_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  .  
  a_AT1  common_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  papyrus_NN  codex_NN  page_NN  is_VBZ  ten_MC  inches_NNS  by_IO  eight_MC  inches_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  quarto_NN  paper_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  hundred_MC  sheets_NNS  make_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  book_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  great_JJ  variations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  codex_NN  form_NN  ;_;  some_DD  have_VH0  single-sheet_JB  quires_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  most_DA  have_VH0  multi-sheet_JB  quires_NNS  .  
  some_DD  codices_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  double_JJ  sheets_NNS  folded_VBN  and_CC  stitched_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  fold_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  codex_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  roll_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  clear_JJ  .  
  compared_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  the_AT1  codex_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  economical_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  written_VBN  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  much_RR  easier_JJ  book_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  textual_JJ  reference_NN  .  
  against_IO  these_DD2  advantages_NNS  the_AT1  codex_NN  was_VBDZ  fragile_JJ  and_CC  might_VM  be_VB0  bulky_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  particular_JJ  text_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  roll_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  codex_NN  .  
  rolls_NNS  were_VBDR  prepared_VBN  for_IO  writing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  any_DD  papyrus_NN  left_VBN  unused_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  off_RP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  text_NN  was_VBDZ  longer_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sheet_NN  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  glued_VBN  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  verso_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  was_VBDZ  blank_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  an_AT1  author_NN  ,_,  Mark_NP  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  sending_VBG  out_RP  his_APP$  gospel_NN  lacking_VBG  the_AT1  ending_NN  ,_,  while_CS  one_MC1  whole_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  roll_NN  was_VBDZ  unused_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  codex_NN  form_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  accommodating_JJ  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  single-sheet_JB  quire_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  extra_JJ  sheet_NN  glued_VBN  on_RP  might_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  gummed_VBN  on_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  binding_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  codex_NN  rebound_VBN  .  
  10_MC  .  
  worship_NN  and_CC  praise_NN  .  
  architecture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  congregational_JJ  worship_NN  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  habits_NNS  of_IO  praise_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complex_JJ  study_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  many_DA  more_DA  pages_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  at_IO  our_APP$  disposal_NN  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  but_CCB  serviceable_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  presenting_VBG  its_APP$  development_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  invite_VV0  the_AT1  reader_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  three_MC  images_NNS  :_:  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  seventeenth-century_JB  meeting-house_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  nineteenth-century_JB  urban_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  built_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  decades_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  .  
  consider_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  meeting-house_NN  at_IO  Old_NP  Meeting_NP  ,_,  Norwich_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Swanland_NP  ,_,  east_NN1  Yorkshire_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Tadley_NP  ,_,  \0Hants_NP  ;_;  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  appearance_NN  is_VBZ  preserved_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  faded_JJ  prints_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  vestries_NNS  of_IO  more_RG  modern_JJ  churches_NNS  ;_;  then_RL  consider_VV0  union_NN  Church_NNL1  ,_,  Brighton_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Elgin_NP  Place_NNL1  ,_,  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Westminster_NP  Chapel_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Richmond_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Bournemouth_NP  ;_;  then_RL  thirdly_RR  ,_,  consider_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  churches_NNS  at_IO  Banstead_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  ,_,  pilgrim_NN  Church_NNL1  at_IO  Plymouth_NP  ,_,  or_CC  (_(  on_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  scale_NN  )_)  Southernhay_NP  ,_,  Exeter_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Eltham_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Leatherhead_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  .  
  whatever_DDQ  particular_JJ  churches_NNS  the_AT1  reader_NN  holds_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  imagination_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  surely_RR  draw_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  congregational_JJ  worship_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  progression_NN  through_IO  three_MC  phases_NNS    family_NN  ,_,  audience_NN  and_CC  community_NN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  place_NN  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  phases_NNS  :_:  in_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  building_NN  you_PPY  may_VM  well_RR  find_VV0  a_AT1  blend_NN  of_IO  two_MC  or_CC  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  halted_JJ  transition_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  very_RG  broadly_RR  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  period_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  to_IO  1750_MC  is_VBZ  the_AT1    family_NN    period_NN  :_:  that_DD1  from_IO  1750_MC  to_IO  1900_MC  ,_,  the_AT1    audience_NN    period_NN  ;_;  and_CC  that_DD1  from_IO  1900_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    community_NN    period_NN  .  
  to_TO  paraphrase_VV0  these_DD2  categories_NNS  :_:  congregational_JJ  worship_NN  comformable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  declaration_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  classic_JJ  congregationalism_NN  is_VBZ  family_NN  prayers_NNS  :_:  that_DD1  comformable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  evangelical_JJ  revival_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  conurbations_NNS  of_IO  industrial_JJ  society_NN  is_VBZ  oratory_NN  :_:  and_CC  that_DD1  comformable_JJ  with_IO  modern_JJ  socialism_NN  (_(  I_PPIS1  use_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN  somewhat_RR  liberally_RR  )_)  is_VBZ  community_NN  .  
  your_APP$  meeting-house_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dwelling-house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  architecture_NN  is_VBZ  domestic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Georgian_JJ  style_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  large_JJ  square_JJ  windows_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  later_RRR  diversified_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  very_RG  characteristic_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rectangle_NN  surmounted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  semi-circle_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  later_JJ  meeting-house_NN  made_VBN  into_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  ecclesiastical_JJ  architecture_NN  .  
  within_II  ,_,  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  and_CC  table_NN  are_VBR  usually_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  longer_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rectangle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nobody_PN1  sits_VBZ  far_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  minister_NN  .  
  within_II  and_CC  without_II  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  utility_NN  and_CC  not_XX  on_IO  ceremony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pews_NNS  are_VBR  fairly_RR  closely_RR  packed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  use_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  fairly_RR  restricted_JJ  space_NN  .  
  a_AT1  gallery_NN  quite_RR  often_RR  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  space_NN  vertically_RR  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  horizontally_RR  .  
  the_AT1  technique_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  building_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  demand_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  pitch_NN  of_IO  voice_NN  ;_;  reasonably_RR  careful_JJ  enunciation_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  voice_NN  are_VBR  all_DB  that_PNQS are_VBR  needed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  discourses_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  beloved_JJ  of_IO  classic_JJ  dissenters_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  delivered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  presumably_RR  listened_VBN  to_IO  ,_,  in_IO  tolerable_JJ  comfort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  building_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  older_JJ  of_IO  those_DD2  buildings_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  mostly_RR  in_IO  use_NN  by_IO  congregationalists_NNS  is_VBZ  enormous_JJ  .  
  very_RG  often_RR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  faded_JJ  vestry_NN  prints_NNS  testify_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  meeting_NN  house_NN  was_VBDZ  demolished_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  way_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  church_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  assumed_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  larger_JJ  church_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  accommodate_VV0  a_AT1  larger_JJ  congregation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  minister_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  rapidly_RR  growing_JJ  district_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  larger_JJ  church_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  built_VBN  in_IO  imitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  in_IO  your_APP$  new_JJ  church_NN  you_PPY  placed_VVD  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  centrally_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  congregation_NN  now_RL  faced_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  rectangle's_NN1$  longer_JJ  dimension_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  an_AT1  appreciable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  the_AT1  preacher_NN  was_VBDZ  remote_JJ  .  
  were_VBDR  practical_JJ  necessities_NNS  the_AT1  only_DA  consideration_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  larger_JJ  meeting-house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  proportions_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  met_VBN  the_AT1  need_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  in_IO  fact_NN  constructed_VBN  so_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  mattered_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth-century_JB  congregationalists_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  needs_RR  express_VV0  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  success_NN  and_CC  enterprise_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  evangelical_JJ  revival_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  missionary_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  reaching_VBG  much_RR  larger_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  locally_RR  had_VHD  kindled_VBN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  therefore_RR  their_APP$  buildings_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  only_RR  larger_JJ  but_CCB  more_RG  eloquent_JJ  :_:  towers_NNS  or_CC  spires_NNS  suggested_VVD  aspiration_NN  and_CC  domination_NN  over_IO  surrounding_VBG  buildings_NNS  ;_;  gothic_JJ  arches_NNS  in_IO  doors_NNS  and_CC  windows_NNS  suggested_VVD  their_APP$  conviction_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  meeting_NN  house_NN  must_VM    look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  church_NN    .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  tradition_NN  of_IO  large-scale_JB  evangelistic_JJ  preaching_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  already_RR  well_RR  established_VBN  by_IO  1850_MC  (_(  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  peak-decade_NN  in_IO  congregational_JJ  church_NN  building_NN  )_)  made_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  meeting-house_NN  intimacy_NN  give_VV0  way_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  designers_NNS  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  weighty_JJ  and_CC  rhetorical_JJ  preaching_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  attendant_JJ  ceremony_NN  .  
  nineteenth-century_JB  congregational_JJ  churches_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  ceremonious_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  space_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  used_VBN  with_IO  puritan_JJ  thrift_NN  ,_,  and_CC  large_JJ  congregations_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  packed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  pews_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  proper_JJ  postures_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  congregation_NN  at_IO  worship_NN  are_VBR  either_LE  standing_NN  or_CC  sitting_NN  ;_;  room_NN  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  left_VBN  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  the_AT1  kneeling_NN  posture_NN  for_IO  prayer_NN  .  
  but_CCB  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  church_NN    looks_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  church_NN    ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  within_II  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  large_JJ  pulpit_NN  or_CC  even_RR  rostrum_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  table_NN  dwarfed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  enlarged_JJ  building_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  enlarged_JJ  pulpit_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  proclaims_VBZ  the_AT1  primacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  preached_JJ  word_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  about_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  the_AT1  fashion_NN  for_IO  large_JJ  church_NN  organs_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  was_VBDZ  just_RR  beginning_VBG  (_(  the_AT1  great_JJ  exhibition_NN  of_IO  1851_MC  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  that_DD1  )_)  brought_VVD  about_RP  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  and_CC  somewhat_RR  aesthetically_RR  distressing_JJ  adornment_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  now_RL  almost_RR  inseparable_JJ  from_IO  buildings_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN    the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  organ-pipes_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  and_CC  directly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  congregation's_NN1$  visual_JJ  attention_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  while_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  ,_,  most_RG  offensive_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  organ_NN  builder_NN  usually_RR  found_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  dissenting_JJ  church_NN  his_APP$  instrument_NN  had_VHD  far_RR  better_JJ    speaking_NN  space_NN    ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  consequently_RR  heard_VBN  to_IO  better_VV0  advantage_NN  ,_,  than_CS  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  tucked_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  transept_NN  in_IO  some_DD  ancient_JJ  parish_NN  church_NN  .  
  the_AT1  modern_JJ  congregational_JJ  church_NN  differs_VBZ  as_RG  widely_RR  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  1850_MC  as_CS  does_VBZ  the_AT1  middle-period_JB  one_MC1  from_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  are_VBR  quite_RR  simple_JJ  .  
  in_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  the_AT1  social_JJ  activities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  take_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  significant_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  church's_NN1$  and_CC  minister's_NN1$  time_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  formerly_RR  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  allotted_VBN  a_AT1  more_RG  significant_JJ  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church's_NN1$  space_NN  .  
  in_IO  your_APP$  1850_MC  church_NN  you_PPY  not_XX  infrequently_RR  find_VV0    especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP    a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  contrast_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  sumptuous_JJ  appointments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  itself_PPX1  (_(  and_CC  not_XX  infrequently_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  minister's_NN1$  vestry_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  inhuman_JJ  barrack-like_JJ  living_NN  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1    church_NN  rooms_NNS    .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  sometimes_RR  actually_RR  placed_VBN  underneath_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  building_NN  :_:  if_CS  not_XX  there_RL  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  huddled_VBN  behind_RP  or_CC  alongside_II  in_IO  an_AT1  apologetic_JJ  heap_NN  .  
  by_IO  contrast_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  full-scale_JB  church_NN    plant_NN    of_IO  today_NN1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  sanctuary_NN  only_RR  the_AT1  centre-piece_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  systematic_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  consequence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  because_CS  funds_NNS  are_VBR  too_RG  scarce_JJ  to_TO  permit_VV0  pretentious_JJ  architecture_NN    your_APP$  modern_JJ  congregational_JJ  church_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  modest_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  outward_JB  deportment_NN  than_CS  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  your_APP$  great-grandfather_NN  .  
  but_CCB  along_IO  with_II  it_PPH1  are_VBR  many_DA  buildings_NNS  whose_PNQV$  social_JJ  significance_NN  is_VBZ  unmistakable_JJ  .  
  too_RG  seldom_RR  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  erect_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  :_:  but_CCB  in_IO  such_DA  cases_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  urged_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  architect_NN  that_CS  provision_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  social_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  youth_NN  clubs_NNS  ,_,  departmental_JJ  children's_NN2  worship_NN  ,_,  week-night_JB  meetings_NNS  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  forth_RR  :_:  and_CC  when_CS nothing_PN1  better_JJ  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  church_NN  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  dual-purpose_JB  building_NN  ,_,  accommodating_VBG  the_AT1  ancillary_JJ  activities_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  roof_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  extreme_JJ  cases_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  room_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  worship_NN  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  all_DB  modern_JJ    sanctuaries_NNS    have_VH0  in_IO  common_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Victorian_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  any_DD  attempt_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  seating_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  crowd_NN  of_IO  worshippers_NNS  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  building_NN  fairly_RR  small_JJ  :_:  its_APP$  floor-space_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  used_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  anything_PN1  like_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  extent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  restful_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  bare_JJ  space_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  and_CC  admitted_VBN  .  
  chairs_NNS  ,_,  symbols_NNS  of_IO  congregational_JJ  adaptability_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  replaced_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  places_NNS  the_AT1  solid_JJ  and_CC  immovable_JJ  pews_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  equally_RR  symbols_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  rootedness_NN  of_IO  classic_JJ  and_CC  late-puritan_JB  congregationalism_NN  .  
  a_AT1  central_JJ  aisle_NN  often_RR  enhances_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  spaciousness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  ceremonious_JJ  regard_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  communion_NN  table_NN  ,_,  brought_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  sacramental_JJ  revival_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  usually_RR  caused_VBN  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  the_AT1    long_JJ    rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1    square_JJ    shape_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  usually_RR  preferred_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  still_RR  of_IO  that_DD1  half-sentimental_JJ  aping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  which_DDQ  caused_VVD  so_RG  much_DA  confusion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  architecture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  churches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  1900-30_MC-MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  now_RL  a_AT1  new_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  has_VHZ  overtaken_VBN  our_APP$  congregations_NNS  :_:  but_CCB  the_AT1  positive_JJ  gain_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  modesty_NN  and_CC  simplicity_NN  of_IO  demeanour_NN  which_DDQ  deny_VV0  directly_RR  the_AT1  chief_JB  vice_NN  of_IO  Victorianism_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  ugliness_NN  as_IO  pretentiousness_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  many_DA  existing_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  churches_NNS  which_DDQ  hardly_RR  fall_VV0  tidily_RR  within_IO  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  categories_NNS  .  
  Carrs_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  though_CS  of_IO  massive_JJ  size_NN  and_CC  accommodation_NN  ,_,  retains_VBZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR    square_JJ    ground_NN  plan_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  austere_JJ  un-spired_JJ  exterior_NN  .  
  \0St_NNSB1  James's_PPIO2  ,_,  Newcastle_NP  ,_,  another_DD1  famous_JJ    down-town_JB    church_NN  ,_,  combines_VBZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  square_JJ  plan_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  dignity_NN  and_CC  ceremony_NN  imparted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  fairly_RR  massive_JJ  pillars_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  imaginative_JJ  dispersal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pews_NNS  radially_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  focus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  oval_JJ  experiment_NN  at_IO  Wellingborough_NP  ,_,  though_CS  over-large_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  reproduce_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  openness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  house_NN  .  
  Bromley_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  seven-sided_JJ  plan_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  impressive_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  modern_JJ  attempts_NNS  to_TO  recapture_VV0  the_AT1    meeting_NN  house_NN    shape_NN  and_CC  integrate_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  progressive_JJ  church-thinking_NN  ;_;  for_CS  there_RL  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  stands_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  platform_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1    long_JJ  sides_NNS      which_DDQ  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  composed_VBN  of_IO  three_MC  planes_NNS  set_VBN  at_IO  wide_JJ  angles_NNS  to_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  congregation_NN  is_VBZ  arranged_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  towards_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  four_MC  sides_NNS  ,_,  again_RR  arranged_VBN  at_IO  very_RG  wide_JJ  angles_NNS  .  
  Redland_NP  Park_NNL1  ,_,  Bristol_NP  ,_,  though_CS  opened_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  traditional_JJ  appearance_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  large_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  ,_,  centre-aisled_JJ  and_CC  side-pulpited_JJ  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  features_NNS  especially_RR  eloquent_JJ  of_IO  new_JJ  trends_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  Oxted_NP  (_(  1936_MC  )_)  ,_,  built_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  cross-shaped_JJ  pattern_NN  ,_,  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  less_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  meeting-house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  very_RG  ceremonious_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  demeanour_NN  :_:  and_CC  its_APP$    community_NN    buildings_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  (_(  pleasant_JJ  but_CCB  small_JJ  )_)  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  energetic_JJ  community_NN  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  area_NN  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  looked_VBN  for_IO  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  usually_RR  a_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  church_NN  built_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  housing_NN  estate_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  church_NN  built_VBN  to_TO  replace_VV0  an_AT1  old_JJ  one_MC1  on_IO  or_CC  near_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  site_NN  :_:  this_DD1  is_VBZ  understandable_JJ  and_CC  proper_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  imagination_NN  has_VHZ  sometimes_RR  failed_VBN  at_IO  crucial_JJ  points_NNS  either_LE  ,_,  as_CS  at_IO  Stowmarket_NP  ,_,  by_IO  interrupting_VBG  the_AT1  domestic_JJ  architecture_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  village_NN  street_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  over-eloquent_JJ  modern_JJ  elevation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  some_DD  extension-experiments_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  inadequate_JJ  provision_NN  of_IO  ancillary_JJ  halls_NNS  and_CC  rooms_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  ill-considered_JJ  siting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  plant_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  pattern_NN  is_VBZ  in_RR  general_RR  clear_JJ  enough_RGA  :_:  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  but_II  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  development_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  habits_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  ages_NNS  of_IO  congregationalism_NN  .  
  worship_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  classic_JJ  days_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Anabaptist_NN1  and_CC  enough_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  quaker_NN  in_IO  most_DA  congregationalists_NNS  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  fixed_JJ  liturgy_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  entirely_RR  unwelcome_JJ  .  
  when_CS   family_NN  prayers_NNS    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  prevailing_JJ  ethos_NN  ,_,  worship-books_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  were_VBDR  unnecessary_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thought_VBN  an_AT1  intrusion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  piping-hot_JJ  devotion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Brownists_NP2  needed_VBN  no_AT1  such_DA  things_NNS  ;_;  nor_CC  did_VDD  the_AT1  crisis-outlook_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  persecuted_JJ  independents_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  conviction_NN  that_CS  worship-books_NNS  were_VBDR  in_RR  general_RR  a_AT1  popish_JJ  device_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  prayer_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  sorrows_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  although_CS  dissent_NN  settled_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  establish_VV0  itself_PPX1  and_CC  soon_RR  became_VVD  well_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  interests_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  inclination_NN  to_TO  revise_VV0  these_DD2  convictions_NNS  .  
  3_MC  .  
  gain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  nine_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  and_CC  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  commerce_NN  ,_,  meaning_VBG  surplus_NN  or_CC  credit_NN  balance_NN  .  
  life_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  Qoheleth_NP  ,_,  pays_VBZ  no_AT1  dividends_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  toil_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  toils_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  toil_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  used_VBN  of_IO  sorrow_NN  and_CC  vexation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  labour_NN  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  frustrating_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS the_AT1  end_NN  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  known_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  communication_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  industrial_JJ  world_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  the_AT1  phrase_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  some_DD  twenty-nine_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  parallel_JJ  to_IO    under_NC2  heaven_NC2    (_(  \0cf_VV0  \0Ex_NP  17.14_MC  ;_;  \0Deut_NP  9.14_MC  )_)  and_CC    upon_NC2  the_NC2  earth_NC2    (_(  \0cf_VV0  \0Gen_NP  8.17_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  simply_RR    alive_JJ    .  
  5_MC  .  
  hastens_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  rises_VBZ  .  
  Qoheleth_NP  notes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  illusion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hastening_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  back_RP  where_CS it_PPH1  started_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  for_IO  hastens_NC2  means_VBZ  to_TO  gasp_VV0  or_CC  pant_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  childbirth_NN  pangs_NNS  (_(  \0Isa_NP  42.14_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  psalmist's_NN1$  longing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  commandments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  (_(  \0Ps_NP  119.131_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  participant_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  race_NN  is_VBZ  familiar_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  exile_NN  a_AT1  passage_NN  in_IO  2_MC  Kings_NP  23.11_MC  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  fits_VBZ  Qoheleth's_PPIO2  position_NN  precisely_RR  .  
  the_AT1  finishing_NN  line_NN  is_VBZ  continually_RR  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  but_II  the_AT1  prelude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  starting_NN  post_NN    the_AT1  sun_NN  gets_VBZ  nowhere_RR  !_!  
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  blows_VBZ  .  the_AT1  wind_NN  returns_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  verse_NN  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  Hebrew_JJ  word_NN  four_MC  times_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  translated_VBN  blows_VBZ  ,_,  goes_VBZ  round_RP  ,_,  goes_VBZ  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  ,_,  returns_VBZ  on_IO  its_APP$  circuits_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sheer_JB  monotony_NN  of_IO  repetition_NN  is_VBZ  conveyed_VBN  more_RG  strongly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  root_NN  and_CC  expresses_VBZ  admirably_RR  the_AT1  futility_NN  that_PNQS haunts_VBZ  Qoheleth_NP  .  
  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  sea_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  full_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  represents_VBZ  work_NN  and_CC  activity_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  hope_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  completed_VBN  since_CS  the_AT1  sea_NN  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  too_RG  full_JJ  !_!  
  8_MC  .  
  the_AT1  place_NN  where_CS the_AT1  streams_NNS  flow_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  references_NNS  is_VBZ  to_IO    the_AT1  underworld_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  source_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  the_AT1  fresh-water_JB  springs_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  salt-water_NN  oceans_NNS    .  
  9_MC  .  
  the_AT1  eye_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  satisfied_VBN  .  nor_CC  the_AT1  ear_NN  filled_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  sensations_NNS  for_IO  these_DD2  organs_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  occupied_VBN  with_IO  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  significance_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  experience_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  satisfied_NC2  is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  hunger_NN  and_CC  appetite_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  food_NN  enough_DD  but_CCB  the_AT1  hunger_NN  never_RR  grows_VBZ  less_DA  .  
  10_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  new_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complaint_NN  is_VBZ  deeper_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  novelty_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  advance_NN  in_IO  natural_JJ  phenomena_NNS  that_CS  appals_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  verse_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  with_IO  \0Pss_NP  8_MC  and_CC  104_MC  to_TO  bring_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  gulf_NN  between_IO  viewing_VBG  the_AT1  physical_JJ  world_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  soulless_JJ  process_NN  and_CC  viewing_VBG  it_PPH1  sacramentally_RR  .  
  11_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  remembrance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  force_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  verse_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  remembering_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  mind_NN  is_VBZ  recognized_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  act_NN  means_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  recalling_NN  of_IO  past_JB  events_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  personality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  continues_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  through_IO  his_APP$  being_VBG  remembered_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  present_JJ  reality_NN  in_IO  remembering_VBG    the_AT1  past_NN  is_VBZ  re-presented_VBN  .  
  to_TO  say_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  remembrance_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0  spiritual_JJ  annihilation_NN  .  
  hence_RR  the_AT1  frequency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  biblical_JJ  injunction_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  and_CC  remember_VV0  .  
  (_(  \0Cf_VV0  \0Ex_NP  13.3_MC  ;_;  20.8_MC  ;_;  \0Deut_NP  5.15_MC  ;_;  \0Isa_NP  51.1-3_MC-MC  ;_;  also_RR  1_MC1  \0Cor_NP  11.25_MC  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  good_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  12-2_MC-MC  .  26_MC  
  under_IO  the_AT1  pseudonym_NN  of_IO  Solomon_NP  ,_,  Qoheleth_NP  outlines_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  quests_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  experiments_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  ultimate_JJ  purpose_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  supreme_JJ  good_NN  in_IO  human_JJ  life_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  all_DB  have_VH0  led_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  moral_JJ  impasse_NN  .  
  the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  wisdom_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  12-18_MC-MC  
  12_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  the_AT1  preacher_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  king_NN  over_IO  Israel_NP  in_IO  Jerusalem_NP  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  clearly_RR  intends_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  Solomon_NP  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  literary_JJ  device_NN  was_VBDZ  really_RR  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  expressing_VBG  Qoheleth's_PPIO2  conviction_NN  that_CS  neither_LE  wealth_NN  nor_CC  wisdom_NN  provided_VVD  the_AT1  clue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  uses_VBZ  here_RL  Solomon's_PPIO2  reputation_NN  for_IO  precisely_RR  these_DD2  two_MC  features_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  renowned_JJ  wisdom_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ostentatious_JJ  flaunting_NN  of_IO  wealth_NN  .  
  his_APP$  attitude_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_DD1  of_IO  an_AT1  admirer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  he_PPHO1  pillories_VBZ  these_DD2  characteristics_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  indirectly_RR  Solomon_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  13_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  applied_VVD  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  \0Lit_RR    my_NC2  heart_NC2    .  
  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  word_NN  le*?1b_&FW  ,_,  frequently_RR  translated_VBN    heart_NC2    ,_,  is_VBZ  more_RRR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  thought_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  will_NN  than_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  in_IO  Hebrew_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  search_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  wisdom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_NN  for_IO  search_NC2  out_NC2  is_VBZ  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  term_NN  for_IO  consulting_VBG  the_AT1  priest_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  prophet_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    enquiring_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1    .  
  the_AT1  root_NN  is_VBZ  da*?1rash_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  term_NN  Midrash_&FW    commentary_NN  on_IO  scripture_NN    comes_VBZ  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  with_IO  by_NC2  wisdom_NC2  compare_VV0  Job_NP  28.12_MC  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  wisdom_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  beyond_IO  man's_NN1$  capacity_NN  .  
  see_VV0  the_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  \0pp_NNU2  274_MC  \0f_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  between_IO  human_JJ  wisdom_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  divine_JJ  wisdom_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  levels_NNS  of_IO  discussion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wisdom_NN  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  daily_JJ  living_NN  offers_VBZ  no_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  ultimate_JJ  mysteries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  wisdom_NN  .  
  14_MC  .  
  a_AT1  striving_NN  after_IO  wind_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  favourite_JB  phrase_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  writer_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  some_DD  seven_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  literal_JJ  meaning_NN  is_VBZ    a_AT1  feeding_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN    .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  shepherds_NNS  feeding_VBG  their_APP$  flocks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  obtained_VBN  all_DB  his_APP$  quests_NNS  for_IO  meaning_NN  are_VBR  like_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  meal_NN  on_IO  food_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  no_RR  more_RG  substantial_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  !_!  
  some_DD  scholars_NNS  derive_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  root_NN  meaning_VBG    to_TO  desire_VV0    .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  phrase_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0    to_TO  desire_VV0  the_AT1  unsubstantial_JJ  or_CC  illusory_JJ    .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  note_NN  of_IO  bitterness_NN  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  in_IO  either_LE  case_NN  .  
  all_DB  human_JJ  activity_NN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  its_APP$  final_JJ  significance_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  like_IO  feeding_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  or_CC  desiring_VBG  the_AT1  shadowy_JJ  insubstantial_JJ  air_NN  .  
  15_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  crooked_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  root_NN  meaning_NN  of_IO  crooked_NC2  is_VBZ    to_TO  twist_VV0  or_CC  pervert_VV0    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  key_NN  for_IO  human_JJ  sin_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  our_APP$  colloquial_JJ  term_NN    twister_NC2    near_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  note_VV0  the_AT1  preoccupation_NN  of_IO  wisdom_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  profounder_JJ  aspect_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  sin_NN  and_CC  suffering_NN  .  
  16_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  \0Lit_RR    I_PPIS1  ,_,  personally_RR  ,_,  spoke_VVD  with_IO  my_APP$  heart_NN  .    
  all_DB  who_PNQS were_VBDR  over_IO  Jerusalem_NP  before_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  this_DD1  completely_RR  gives_VBZ  away_RP  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  Solomonic_JJ  authorship_NN    there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  candidate_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  David_NP  .  
  wisdom_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  terms_NNS  are_VBR  frequently_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  close_JJ  association_NN  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  Vriezen_NP  ,_,    knowledge_NN  is_VBZ  living_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  close_JJ  relationship_NN  with_IO  something_PN1  or_CC  somebody_PN1  ,_,  such_DA  a_AT1  relationship_NN  as_CS  to_TO  cause_VV0  what_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  communion_NN  .    
  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  has_VHZ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  God_NP  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  knowledge_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  revelation_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  17_MC  .  
  to_TO  know_VV0  wisdom_NN  .  to_TO  know_VV0  madness_NN  and_CC  folly_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  note_VV0  again_RR  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  to_NC2  know_NC2  denoting_VBG  experience_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  relationship_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  immediate_JJ  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  second-hand_JB    knowing_NN  about_IO    from_IO  another_DD1  source_NN  .  
  wisdom_NN  and_CC  folly_NN  are_VBR  moral_JJ  rather_RR  than_IO  intellectual_JJ  categories_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  evil_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  applaud_VV0  Qoheleth_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  thoroughness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  research_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  includes_VBZ  madness_NC2  and_NC2  folly_NC2  .  
  the_AT1  verse_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  translated_VBN    to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  wisdom_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  are_VBR  madness_NN  and_CC  folly_NN    .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  translated_VBN  madness_NC2  means_VBZ    mad_JJ  revelry_NN  and_CC  wickedness_NN    .  
  the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  pleasure_NN  and_CC  material_JJ  satisfaction_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  1-11_MC-MC  
  1_MC1  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  test_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  .  
  \0AV_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  prove_VV0  thee_PPY  with_IO  mirth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  connotation_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  is_VBZ  wider_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  mirth_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  word_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  pleasures_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  goodness_NN  and_CC  joy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rejoicing_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  religious_JJ  festivals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  for_IO    test_NC2    is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  God_NP  testing_VBG  Abraham_NP  (_(  \0Gen_NP  22.1_MC  )_)  and_CC  frequently_RR  of_IO  such_DA  trials_NNS  .  
  enjoy_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  \0Lit_RR    look_VV0  upon_IO  good_JJ    .  
  this_DD1  phrase_NN  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  characteristic_JJ  Hebrew_JJ  idiom_NN  which_DDQ  uses_VBZ    to_NC2  see_NC2    meaning_VBG    to_TO  experience_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  of_IO  experiences_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  death_NN  ,_,  happiness_NN  and_CC  sorrow_NN  (_(  \0cf_VV0  Job_NP  9.25_MC  ;_;  \0Ps_NP  16.10_MC  ;_;  \0Isa_NP  44.16_MC  ;_;  Luke_NP  2.26_MC  ;_;  John_NP  3.36_MC  ;_;  8.51_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  phrase_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR      enjoy_VV0  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  good_JJ    as_IO      share_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  good_JJ    and_CC  then_RL  give_VV0  a_AT1  verdict_NN  upon_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  verb_NN  is_VBZ  parallel_JJ  to_IO  test_NC2  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  and_CC  experimenting_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  typical_JJ  Hebrew_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  life_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  denial_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  reverse_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  particular_JJ  quest_NN  that_CS  Qoheleth_NP  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  seeking_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  ultimate_JJ  goal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  merriment_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  that_PNQS life_NN  does_VBZ  contain_VV0  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  separate_JJ  experiences_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mad_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  participle_NN  means_VBZ    acting_VBG  like_IO  madmen_NNS    .  
  \0cf_VV0  1_MC1  \0Sam_NP  21.14_MC  ;_;  \0Jer_NP  25.16_MC  ;_;  46.9_MC  ;_;  50.38_MC  ;_;  51.7_MC  .  
  3_MC  .  
  to_TO  cheer_VV0  my_APP$  body_NN  with_IO  wine_NN  .  
  \0Lit_RR    to_TO  draw_VV0  my_APP$  flesh_NN  with_IO  wine_NN    .  
  the_AT1  phrase_NN  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  translated_VBN  cheer_NC2  can_VM  mean_VV0    to_TO  draw_VV0  or_CC  drag_VV0    ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  later_JJ  Hebrew_NN1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO    to_TO  attract_VV0    in_IO  a_AT1  figurative_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  and_CC  so_RR  to_TO  refresh_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  mind_NN  still_RR  guiding_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  wisdom_NN  .  
  \0AV_NN  ,_,    acquainting_VBG  my_APP$  heart_NN  with_IO  wisdom_NN    .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  guiding_NC2  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  root_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  herding_NN  of_IO  sheep_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  conducting_NN  of_IO  prisoners_NNS  .  
  Qoheleth_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  keeping_VBG  his_APP$  mind_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  job_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  blindly_RR  setting_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  debauchery_NN  or_CC  dissolution_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  escapist_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  to_TO  lay_VV0  hold_NN  on_IO  folly_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  used_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  meaning_VBG    to_TO  seize_VV0    ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  indicates_VBZ  the_AT1  urgency_NN  of_IO  Qoheleth's_PPIO2  quest_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  no_AT1  armchair_NN  doctrinaire_JJ  dilettante_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  great_JJ  works_NNS  .  
  \0Lit_RR    I_PPIS1  made_VVD  great_JJ  my_APP$  works_NNS    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  large-scale_JB  building_NN  operations_NNS  which_DDQ  Solomon_NP  included_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  palaces_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  palace_NN  of_IO  Pharaoh's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  (_(  \0cf_VV0  1_MC1  Kings_NP  7.1_MC  \0ff_RR  ;_;  9.15_MC  \0ff_RR  ;_;  2_MC  \0Chron_NP  8.4-6_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  close_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  projects_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  vineyards_NNS  (_(  1_MC1  Kings_NP  4.25_MC  ;_;  \0S_NN  of_IO  \0Sol_NP  8.11_MC  )_)  .  
  5_MC  .  
  parks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Persian_JJ  loan-word_NN  ,_,  pairi-deaza_&FW  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  our_APP$  word_NN  paradise_NN  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  .  
  Qoheleth_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  second_MD  paradise_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  disposal_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  no_RR  happier_JJ  than_CS  Adam_NP  was_VBDZ  !_!  
  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  singular_NN  in_IO  \0Neh_NP  2.8_MC  and_CC  \0S_NN  of_IO  \0Sol_NP  4.13_MC  .  
  6_MC  .  
  pools_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  water_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  natural_JJ  transition_NN  from_IO  gardens_NNS  and_CC  orchards_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  vital_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  water_NN  supply_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pools_NNS  are_VBR  probably_RR  natural_JJ  springs_NNS  enlarged_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  reservoirs_NNS  or_CC  cisterns_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  .  
  King_NNSB1  Mesha_NP  of_IO  Moab_NP  boasts_VBZ  of_IO  their_APP$  construction_NN  in_IO  lines_NNS  9_MC  ,_,  23-25_MC-MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Moabite_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  read_VVD  :_:  *"_*'  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  built_VVD  Baal-meon_NP  and_CC  made_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  reservoir_NN  .  and_CC  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  both_DB2  the_AT1  reservoirs_NNS  for_IO  water_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  cistern_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  at_IO  Qrchh_NP  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  
    make_VV0  yourselves_PPX2  each_DD1  one_MC1  a_AT1  cistern_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  .    **"_**'  
  \0cf_VV0  also_RR  \0Neh_NP  2.14_MC  ;_;  3.15_MC  ;_;  \0Isa_NP  1.30_MC  ;_;  58.11_MC  ;_;  \0S_NN  of_IO  \0Sol_NP  7.4_MC  ;_;  2_MC  \0Sam_NP  4.12_MC  .  
  7_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  slaves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  slaves_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  presupposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  building_NN  operations_NNS  .  
  behind_IO  these_DD2  practices_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  mas_&FW  or_CC  forced_JJ  labour_NN  system_NN  which_DDQ  Solomon_NP  takes_VBZ  from_IO  Egyptian_JJ  practices_NNS  (_(  \0cf_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  such_DA  labour_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Egyptians_NP2  in_IO  \0Ex_NP  1.11-14_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  8_MC  .  
  any_DD  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  before_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  Jerusalem_NP  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  mask_NN  slips_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  rules_VBZ  out_RP  Solomonic_JJ  authorship_NN  .  
  see_VV0  introduction_NN  ,_,  \0pp_NNU2  257_MC  \0f_RR  .  
  9_MC  .  
  my_APP$  wisdom_NN  remained_VVD  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  \0Lit_RR    stood_VVD  to_IO  (_(  or_CC  for_IO  )_)  me_PPIO1    .  
  Qoheleth_NP  retains_VBZ  his_APP$  objectivity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  reinforces_VBZ  \0v_NN  3_MC  .  
  his_APP$  experiencing_NN  of_IO  folly_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  wisdom_NN  still_RR  leaves_VBZ  him_PPHO1  able_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  10_MC  .  
  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  desired_VVD  .  
  \0Lit_RR    asked_VVD    .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  compare_VV0  1_MC1  John_NP  2.16_MC  for_IO  the_AT1    lust_NN    (_(  desire_NN  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  1_MC1  Kings_NP  20.6_MC  ;_;  \0Ps_NP  145.15_MC  ;_;  \0Prov_NP  27.20_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  of_IO  desire_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  necessary_JJ  suggestion_NN  of_IO  evil_JJ  desire_NN  .  
  the_AT1  previous_JJ  verse_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  wisdom_NN  safeguards_VBZ  him_PPHO1  from_IO  this_DD1  temptation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  reward_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  favourite_JB  word_NN  with_IO  Qoheleth_NP  (_(  \0cf_VV0  2.21_MC  ;_;  3.22_MC  ;_;  5.18_MC  \0ff_RR  ;_;  9.6_MC  ,_,  9_MC  ;_;  11.2_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  carries_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  reward_NN  or_CC  profit_NN  .  
  Qoheleth_NP  is_VBZ  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gain_NN  from_IO  human_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  found_VBN  a_AT1  good_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  next_DA  verse_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  relative_JJ  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  good_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  sought_VBN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  written_VBN  :_:  
    the_AT1  earth_NN  shalt_VM  thou_PPY  make_VV0  an_AT1  altar_NN  for_IO  God_NP  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  thou_PPY  wilt_VM  make_VV0  an_AT1  altar_NN  of_IO  stone_NN  ,_,  thou_PPY  shalt_VM  not_XX  build_VV0  it_PPH1  of_IO  hewn_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  thou_PPY  lift_VV0  up_RP  thy_APP$  sword_NN  upon_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  thou_PPY  hast_VH0  polluted_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  shall_VM  seek_VV0  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  altar_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  legend_NN  ,_,  Solomon_NP  had_VHD  asked_VBN  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  demons_NNS  ,_,    Ashmodeus_NP    to_TO  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  and_CC  Ashmodeus_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  placed_VBN  under_IO  his_APP$  charge_NN  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  Shamir_NP  in_IO  Gehenna_NP  (_(  hell_NN  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  eagle_NN  brought_VVD  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  to_IO  Solomon_NP  from_IO  Eden_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  paradise_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  place_NN  where_CS the_AT1  Shamir_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Talmud_NP  describes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  lives_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  sanctuary_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  some_DD  rare_JJ  birds_NNS  know_VV0  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  these_DD2  birds_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  the_AT1  Cherubim_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Seraphim_NP2  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  also_RR  told_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stylus_NN  used_VBN  by_IO  Moses_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  stylus_NN  is_VBZ  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  precious_JJ  diamond-stone_NN  and_CC  very_RG  adamant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  Shamir_NP  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  name_NN  (_(  \0Git_NP  68a_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  word_NN    Shamir_&FW    means_VBZ  guarded_VBN  or_CC  preserved_VBN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  real_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS regards_VBZ  himself_PPX1  as_CS  insignificant_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  prayer_NN  says_VBZ  :_:      what_DDQ  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  .    a_AT1  worm_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  and_CC  such_DA  a_AT1  man_NN  fulfils_VBZ  the_AT1  Shmah_NP  ,_,  loves_VBZ  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  God_NP  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  soul_NN  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  might_NN  and_CC  studies_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  this_DD1  man_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  worm_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  creature_NN  that_PNQS cuts_VBZ  and_CC  polishes_VBZ  altar-stones_NNS  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  that_PNQS guards_VBZ  himself_PPX1  against_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  irrelevant_JJ  pleasures_NNS  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  Shamir_NP  possesses_VBZ  the_AT1  real_JJ  acid_NN  to_TO  mould_VV0  our_APP$  character_NN  ,_,  to_TO  melt_VV0  our_APP$  heart_NN  of_IO  stone_NN  .  
  this_DD1  Shamir_NP  helps_VBZ  us_PPIO2   earthly_JJ  creatures_NNS  to_TO  build_VV0  an_AT1  altar_NN  for_IO  God_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  nearer_RRR  to_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  writes_VBZ  books_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  books_NNS  are_VBR  readable_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  Shamir_NP  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  a_AT1  rare_JJ  diamond_NN  that_PNQS incises_VBZ  the_AT1  hardest_JJT  rock_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hardest_JJT  facts_NNS  .  
  and_CC  these_DD2  creatures_NNS  existed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    the_AT1  stone_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  builders_NNS  refused_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  head-stone_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN    .  
  (_(  \0Ps_NP  118_MC  ,_,  22_MC  .  )_)  
  and_CC  the_AT1  stone_NN  shall_VM  tell_VV0  !_!  
    for_CS  the_AT1  stone_NN  shall_VM  cry_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN    ,_,  like_IO  Baalam's_PPIO2  ass_NN  ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1  purlin_NN  of_IO  timber_NN  shall_VM  creak_VV0  in_IO  answer_NN      if_CS  the_AT1  roof_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  security_NN  is_VBZ  crushing_VBG  our_APP$  soul_NN    (_(  see_VV0  \0Hab_NP  2_MC  ,_,  10-11_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  through_IO  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  :_:    that_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  filled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  glory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  waters_NNS  cover_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  .    
  (_(  \0Hab_NP  2_MC  ,_,  14_MC  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  Shamir's_PPIO2  daily_JJ  life_NN  writes_VBZ  the_AT1  Decalogue_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  written_VBN  on_IO  two_MC  plates_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  hard_JJ  facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  facts_NNS  are_VBR    one_MC1    .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  all_DB  come_VBN  across_IO  human_JJ  Shamirs_NP2  and_CC  they_PPHS2  leave_VV0  a_AT1  deep_JJ  impression_NN  on_IO  our_APP$  feelings_NNS  and_CC  senses_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  altar_NN  for_IO  God_NP  to_TO  emit_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  in_IO  every_AT1  language_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Shamir_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1    seventh_MD    and_CC  most_RG  important_JJ  creature_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  created_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sabbath_NN  ,_,  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  sabbath_NN  ,_,  real_JJ  peace_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  whole_JJ  earth_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  his_APP$  altar_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  lesson_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shmah_NN  \0Deut_NP  11_MC  ,_,  13-21_MC-MC  .  
    and_CC  it_PPH1  shall_VM  come_VV0  to_TO  pass_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  ye_PPY  shall_VM  hearken_VV0  diligently_RR  unto_IO  my_APP$  commandments_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  command_VV0  you_PPY  this_DD1  day_NN  ,_,  to_TO  love_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  your_APP$  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  serve_VV0  him_PPHO1  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  heart_NN  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  soul_NN  .    
  this_DD1  may_VM  seem_VV0  very_RG  good_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  deficient_JJ  .  
  to_TO  love_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  your_APP$  God_NP  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  might_NN  is_VBZ  lacking_VBG  (_(  \0Deut_NP  6_MC  .  5_MC  .  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  lack_NN  of_IO  vision_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   fail_VV0  .  
  and_CC  without_IO  visionary_JJ  power_NN  the_AT1  people_NNS  will_VM  perish_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  nature_NN  will_VM  at_RR  first_RR  not_XX  interfere_VV0  .  
    that_CS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  rain_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  land_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  due_JJ  season_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  rain_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  latter_DA  rain_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  the_AT1  consequence_NN  will_VM  be_VB0    that_CS  thou_PPY  mayest_VM  gather_VV0  in_IO  thy_APP$  corn_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thy_APP$  wine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thine_APP$  oil_NN  .    
  under_IO  such_DA  conditions_NNS  without_IO  putting_VBG  your_APP$  mind_NN  together_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  solve_VV0  the_AT1  further_JB  summons_NN  of_IO  destiny_NN  ,_,  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  hence_RR  says_VBZ  Rabbi_NNSB1  Simeon_NP  ben_&FW  Jochai_NP  (_(  Tanis_NP  6a_MC  )_)    if_CS  Israel_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  fulfil_VV0  the_AT1  wish_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  failing_VBG  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  God_NP  with_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  visionary_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  each_DD1  individual_NN    .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  not_XX  work_VV0  in_IO  union_NN  .  
  if_CS  physical_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  spiritual_JJ  power_NN  and_CC  visionary_JJ  power_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  united_VBN  ,_,  man_NN  will_VM  remain_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  selfish_JJ  and_CC  think_VV0  only_RR  of_IO  one's_$  personal_JJ  advantage_NN  to_TO  gratify_VV0  selfish_JJ  aims_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  each_DD1  man_NN  will_VM  gather-in_VV0  for_IO  himself_PPX1  only_RR  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  all_DB  to_TO  help_VV0  to_TO  gather_VV0  your_APP$  corn_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  wine_NN  and_CC  your_APP$  oil_NN  .  
  freedom_NN  from_IO  want_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  fulfilled_VBN  nor_CC  freedom_NN  from_IO  fear_NN  ,_,  fear_NN  of_IO  starvation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  midst_NN  of_IO  plenty_NN  .  
  help_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  easily_RR  forthcoming_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  in_IO  need_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  animals_NNS  first_RR  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  our_APP$  duty_NN  )_)  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  individual_NN  will_VM  eat_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  full_JJ  but_CCB  :_:      take_VV0  heed_NN  to_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  that_CS  your_APP$  heart_NN  be_VB0  not_XX  deceived_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  ye_PPY  turn_VV0  aside_RP  ,_,  and_CC  serve_VV0  other_DA  gods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  worship_VV0  them_PPHO1    ,_,  the_AT1  yourself_PPX1  is_VBZ  thy_APP$  greatest_JJT  enemy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  self-seeking_JJ  self_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  serve_VV0  Mammon_NP  and_CC  God_NP  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  serve_VV0  two_MC  masters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  worship_VV0  self-interest_NN  ,_,  isolating_VBG  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  under_IO  such_DA  conditions_NNS  the_AT1  goods_NNS  are_VBR  your_APP$  gods_NNS  .  
    and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  wrath_NN  be_VB0  kindled_VBN  against_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  shut_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  heavens_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  rain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  land_NN  yield_VV0  not_XX  her_APP$  fruit_NN  and_CC  lest_CS  ye_PPY  perish_VV0  quickly_RR  from_IO  off_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  land_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  giveth_VBZ  you_PPY  .    
  for_CS  without_IO  the_AT1  vision_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  your_APP$  God_NP  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  heart_NN  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  soul_NN  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  might_NN  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  life_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  solved_VBN  .  
    therefore_RR  shall_VM  ye_PPY  lay_VV0  up_RP  these_DD2  my_APP$  words_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  heart_NN  and_CC  in_IO  your_APP$  soul_NN  .    
  the_AT1  text_NN  adds_VBZ  and_CC  in_IO  your_APP$  soul_NN  ,_,  searching_VBG  your_APP$  soul_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  sequence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  is_VBZ  different_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Shmah_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  first_RR    and_CC  to_TO  bind_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  sign_NN  upon_IO  your_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  as_IO  frontlets_NNS  between_IO  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  .    
  first_RR  to_TO  bind_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  vision_NN  and_CC  then_RL  
    and_CC  ye_PPY  shall_VM  teach_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  your_APP$  children_NNS  .    
  and_CC  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  gone_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  need_VM  not_XX  teach_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  any_RG  more_RG  diligently_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  will_VM  grasp_VV0  now_RL  what_DDQ  will_VM  befall_VV0  them_PPHO1  without_IO  visionary_JJ  power_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  will_VM  nail_VV0  the_AT1  divine_JJ  law_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  posts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  reward_NN  .  
    that_CS  your_APP$  days_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  multiplied_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  swear_VVD  unto_IO  your_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  as_IO  days_NNS  of_IO  heaven_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  .    
  that_DD1  means_VBZ  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  messianic_JJ  righteousness_NN  (_(  Talmud_NP  \0Sanh_NP  99A_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Messusah_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  nailed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  doorposts_NNS  contains_VBZ  those_DD2  two_MC  lessons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  lesson_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Shmah_NP  (_(  Numbers_NP  15_MC  ,_,  37-41_MC-MC  )_)  is_VBZ  called_VBN    the_AT1  going-out_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  Egypt_NP    .  
  it_PPH1  starts_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  the_AT1    tsitsits_&FW    .  
  this_DD1  lesson_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  read_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  Talmud_NP  tells_VBZ  a_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Hagadah_NP  that_CS  Rabbi_NNSB1  Eleasar_NP  ben_&FW  Assarja_NP  said_VVD  ,_,      I_PPIS1  am_VBM  nearly_RR  seventy_MC  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  succeeded_VBN  that_CS  people_NNS  should_VM  read_VV0    the_AT1  going_NN  out_RP  of_IO  Egypt_NP    the_AT1  passage_NN  Numbers_NP  15_MC  ,_,  37-41_MC-MC  ,_,  by_IO  night_NN    ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  (_(  tsitsits_&FW  )_)  are_VBR  only_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ;_;  till_CS  Ben_NP  Zoma_NP  came_VVD  and_CC  explained_VVD  the_AT1  verse_NN  (_(  \0Deut_NP  16_MC  ,_,  3_MC  )_)    that_CS  thou_PPY  mayest_VM  remember_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS thou_PPY  camest_VVD  forth_RP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  Egypt_NP  all_DB  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  thy_APP$  life_NN  .    
  Ben_NP  Zoma_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  thy_APP$  life_NN  means_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  day-time_NN  ;_;  all_DB  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  thy_APP$  life_NN  means_VBZ  even_RR  at_IO  night-time_NN  .    
  (_(  Berochoth_NP  .  )_)  
  and_CC  the_AT1  Rabbis_NNSB2  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  important_JJ  that_CS  when_CS we_PPIS2  read_VV0  the_AT1  Shmah_NP    to_TO  be_VB0  willing_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  ,_,    we_PPIS2  should_VM  remember_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  deliverance_NN  :_:  Passover_NP  and_CC  its_APP$  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  tsitsits_&FW  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  tsitsits_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  Hagadah_NP  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  tsitsits_&FW  had_VHD  a_AT1  message_NN  sealed_VBN  inside_IO  the_AT1  knots_NNS  just_RR  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  message_NN  sealed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  emblems_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  used_VBN  on_IO  Passover_NP  ,_,  to_TO  depict_VV0  the_AT1    time_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  freedom_NN    .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  Matzo_NP  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  bitter_JJ  herbs_NNS  ;_;  (_(  3_MC  )_)  salt-water_NN  and_CC  charauses_&FW  (_(  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  fruit_NN  mixture_NN  in_IO  likeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  mortar_NN  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  4_MC  )_)  an_AT1  attitude_NN  to_TO  lean_VV0  back_RP  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  Matzos_NP2  is_VBZ  deficient_JJ  bread_NN  ,_,  (_(  lechem_&FW  anjo_&FW  in_IO  Hebrew_NN1  )_)  ,_,  so_RR  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  deficient_JJ  without_IO  spiritual_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  cure_VV0  our_APP$  mental_JJ  incapacity_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  willing_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  .  
  education_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  task_NN  .  
  education_NN  gives_VBZ  :_:  freedom_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  bitter_JJ  herbs_NNS  symbolises_VBZ  the_AT1  bitterness_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  hurled_VBN  against_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  eat_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  to_TO  show_VV0  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  self-control_NN  and_CC  that_CS  God_NP  dwells_VBZ  within_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  self-control_NN  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   :_:  freedom_NN  to_TO  worship_VV0  God_NP  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  salt_JJ  water_NN  and_CC  charauses_&FW  :_:  the_AT1  salt-water_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  seder-table_NN  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  covenant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Torah_NP  (_(  melach_&FW  brith_&FW  elohecho_&FW  in_IO  Hebrew_NN1  ,_,  salt_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  covenant_NN  of_IO  thy_APP$  God_NP  ,_,  \0Levit_NP  2_MC  ,_,  13_MC  .  )_)  
  salt_NN  preserves_VBZ  and_CC  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  this_DD1  salt_NN  in_IO  ourselves_PPX2  and_CC  have_VH0  peace_NN  with_IO  one-another_PPX2  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  mortar_NN  (_(  the_AT1  charauses_&FW  in_IO  Hebrew_NN1  )_)  that_PNQS binds_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1    hard-facts_NNS    together_RR  and_CC  explains_VBZ  them_PPHO1  ,_,  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  oral_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  dip_VV0  into_IO  both_DB2  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  seder_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Torah_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  oral_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  inheritance_NN  .  
  living_VBG  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Torah_NP  (_(    dipping-in_NN    )_)  makes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   meek_JJ  :_:  
    but_CCB  the_AT1  meek_JJ  shall_VM  inherit_VV0  the_AT1  earth_NN  ;_;  and_CC  shall_VM  delight_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  abundance_NN  of_IO  peace_NN    (_(  psalm_NN  37_MC  ,_,  11_MC  )_)  .  
  that_DD1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   freedom_NN  from_IO  want_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  lean_VV0  back_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  seder-night_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  symbolises_VBZ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  unafraid_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  Israel_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  overcomer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  suffering_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,    who_PNQS will_VM  leaven_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  lump_NN    ,_,  chosen_VBN  from_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  nations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  mankind_NN  are_VBR  God's_PPIO2  children_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   freedom_NN  from_IO  fear_NN  .  
  these_DD2  four_MC  emblems_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Passover_NP  and_CC  these_DD2  four_MC  symbols_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  the_AT1  four_MC  ways_NNS  of_IO  interpreting_VBG  the_AT1  Torah_NP  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  Matzo_NP  represents_VBZ  Peshat_NP  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  Moraur_NP  represents_VBZ  Remez_NP  ;_;  (_(  3_MC  )_)  dipping-in_NN  represents_VBZ  Derush_NP  ;_;  (_(  4_MC  )_)  leaning-back_NN  represents_VBZ  Saud_NP  .  
  (_(  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pardus_&FW  .  )_)  
  matzo_NN  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  literal_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  Pesach_NP  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  called_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  feast_NN  of_IO  Matzos_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  bitter-herbs_NNS  represent_VV0  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  principle_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2     a_AT1  wink_NN    (_(  Remez_NP  )_)  how_CS to_TO  live_VV0  and_CC  accept_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  bitterness_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  hurled_VBN  against_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  salt-water_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  mortar_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  dip-in_VV0  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  richness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  and_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  immerse_VV0  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  leaning_VBG  back_RP  carries_VBZ  the_AT1  concealed_JJ  message_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  start_VV0  the_AT1  seder_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  Matzos_NP2  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  represent_VV0  the_AT1    bread_NN  of_IO  poverty_NN    which_DDQ  our_APP$  fore-fathers_NNS  were_VBDR  eating_VBG  in_IO  Mitzrajim_NP  ,_,  to_TO  show_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  willing_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  invite_VV0  anybody_PN1  who_PNQS wishes_VBZ  to_TO  partake_VV0  in_IO  our_APP$  discussions_NNS  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    anybody_PN1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  hungry_JJ  ,_,  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  come_VV0  and_CC  eat_VV0  ,_,  anybody_PN1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  thirsty_JJ  ,_,  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  come_VV0  and_CC  drink_VV0  .    
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  all_DB  to_TO  eat_VV0  and_CC  drink_VV0  his_APP$  great_JJ  philosophy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  ways_NNS  of_IO  Israel's_PPIO2  redemption_NN  .  
  hence_RR    four_MC  questions_NNS    ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  really_RR  interrogations_NNS  to_TO  examine_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  redemptions_NNS  are_VBR  asked_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  seder-evening_NN  about_IO  these_DD2    four_MC  symbols_NNS    (_(  the_AT1  manishtano_&FW  )_)  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS asks_VBZ  these_DD2  questions_NNS  is_VBZ  seeking_VBG  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  conducting_VBG  the_AT1  seder_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  answer_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  our_APP$  God_NP  gave_VVD  us_PPIO2     four_MC  freedoms_NNS    without_IO  which_DDQ  society_NN  can_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  progress_NN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  drink_VV0    four_MC  cups_NNS    to_TO  thank_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  our_APP$  God_NP  for_IO  the_AT1    four_MC  freedoms_NNS    which_DDQ  are_VBR  divine_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  ways_NNS  of_IO  redemption_NN  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  bring_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  from_IO  under_IO  the_AT1  burdens_NNS  of_IO  Egypt_NP  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  rid_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  their_APP$  bondage_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  redeem_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  a_AT1  people_NN  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  bring_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  from_IO  under_IO  the_AT1  burdens_NNS  of_IO  Egypt_NP  :_:  
  how_CS was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  that_CS  Israel_NP  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  out_RP  from_IO  under_IO  the_AT1  burdens_NNS  of_IO  Egypt_NP  .  
  because_CS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  kept_VVD  the_AT1  Passover_NP  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  eating_VBG  Matzos_NP2  in_IO  Egypt_NP  and_CC  the_AT1    feast_NN  of_IO  Matzos_NP2    was_VBDZ  known_VBN  even_RR  to_IO  Abraham_NP  and_CC  Lot_NP  .  
  (_(  \0Gen_NP  Rashi_NP  19_MC  ,_,  3_MC  .  )_)  
  Hooker_NP  ,_,  arguing_VBG  that_CS  human_JJ  reason_NN  and_CC  common_JJ  sense_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  place_NN  alongside_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  and_CC  Church_NNL1  authority_NN  ,_,  poured_VVD  sanctified_JJ  oil_NN  on_IO  troubled_JJ  waters_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  plenty_NN  of_IO  cross-currents_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  waters_NNS  and_CC  clergy_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  solemnly_RR  have_VH0  proclaimed_VBN  their_APP$  loyalty_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  prayer_NN  book_NN  found_VVD  as_RG  many_DA  ways_NNS  of_IO  interpreting_VBG  that_DD1  loyalty_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  to-day_NN1  .  
  many_DA  such_DA  men_NNS  would_VM  find_VV0  they_PPHS2  could_VM  conscientiously_RR  remain_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  comprehensive_JJ  Church_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  path_NN  must_VM  end_VV0  in_IO  schism_NN  .  
  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  prayer_NN  book_NN  ,_,  suppressed_VBN  though_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  become_VBN  indigenous_JJ  .  
  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  primer_NN  of_IO  saints_NNS    Lancelot_NP  Andrewes_NP  ,_,  George_NP  Herbert_NP  ,_,  Jeremy_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  Margaret_NP  Godolphin_NP  ,_,  and_CC  so_RG  many_DA  others_DA2  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  century_NN  opened_VVD  with_IO  James_NP  1_MC1  ascending_VBG  the_AT1  throne_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  prepared_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  tolerant_JJ  towards_IO  Rome_NP  though_CS  the_AT1  gunpowder_NN  plot_NN  spoiled_VVD  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  had_VHD  high_JJ  hopes_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  James_NP  had_VHD  grown_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  Presbyterian_JJ  Scotland_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  those_DD2  hopes_NNS  were_VBDR  dashed_VBN  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  prayer_NN  book_NN  was_VBDZ  issued_VBN  in_IO  1604_MC  but_CCB  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  derived_VBN  little_DA  comfort_NN  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  they_PPHS2  objected_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  absolution_NC2  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  phrase_NN    or_CC  the_AT1  remission_NN  of_IO  sins_NNS    was_VBDZ  added_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  absolution_NC2  remained_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  objected_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  confirmation_NC2  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  phrase_NN    or_CC  the_AT1  laying_NN  on_RP  of_IO  hands_NNS  upon_IO  children_NNS  baptized_VBN  and_CC  able_JJ  to_TO  render_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  faith_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  catechism_NN  following_VBG    were_VBDR  added_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  confirmation_NC2  remained_VVD  .  
  other_DA  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  were_VBDR  equally_RR  minor_JJ  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  new_JJ  section_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sacraments_NNS  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  catechism_NN  .  
  this_DD1  indicated_VVD  how_CS ephemeral_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  mood_NN  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  the_AT1  black_JJ  rubric_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  that_CS    the_AT1  body_NN  and_CC  blood_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  verily_RR  and_CC  indeed_RR  taken_VBN  and_CC  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  faithful_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  supper_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  more_RG  definite_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  King_NNSB1  James_NP  made_VVD  himself_PPX1  immortal_JJ  by_IO  becoming_VBG  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  Bible_NP  translation_NN    the_AT1  authorized_JJ  version_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  never_RR  actually_RR  authorized_VBN  !_!  )_)  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  Shakespeare_NP  had_VHD  just_RR  turned_VBN  forty_MC  and_CC  had_VHD  written_VBN  Hamlet_NP  two_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  Bacon_NP  was_VBDZ  at_IO  work_NN  and_CC  Milton_NP  was_VBDZ  just_RR  learning_VBG  to_TO  read_VV0  .  
  James_NP  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  Charles_NP  ,_,  in_IO  whose_PNQV$  reign_NN  came_VVD  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  prayer_NN  book_NN  in_IO  1637_MC  .  
  significantly_RR  this_DD1  made_VVD  a_AT1  deliberate_JJ  return_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  1549_MC  and_CC  became_VVD  the_AT1  foster_JB  mother_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  prayer_NN  books_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  communion_NN  .  
  forever_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  Charles_NP  is_VBZ  Archbishop_NNSB1  Laud_NP  ,_,  now_RL  so_RG  much_RR  nobler_JJ  a_AT1  figure_NN  than_CS  former_DA  historians_NNS  led_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  believe_VV0  .  
  Laud_NP  was_VBDZ  enthusiastically_RR  hated_VBN  by_IO  Calvinists_NP2  and_CC  puritans_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sentiment_NN  was_VBDZ  mutual_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  Laud_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  Romanizer_NN1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  public_JJ  acts_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hard-hitting_JJ  battle_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Jesuit_NN1  ,_,  Fisher_NP  .  
  but_CCB  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  friendly_JJ  with_IO  James_NP  and_CC  Charles_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  argued_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  necessarily_RR  a_AT1  menace_NN  .  
  all_DB  Laud's_PPIO2  statements_NNS  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Church_NNL1  both_DB2  catholic_JJ  and_CC  reformed_JJ  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  many_DA  evidences_NNS  that_CS  Laud_NP  fully_RR  represented_VVD  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  reformation_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  beliefs_NNS  ,_,  meant_VVD  nothing_PN1  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  drunk_VBN  deep_RR  at_IO  Calvinistic_JJ  springs_NNS  .  
  Laud_NP  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  do_VD0  severe_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  could_VM  an_AT1  archbishop_NN  do_VD0  when_CS he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  clergy_NNS  had_VHD  lost_VBN  interest_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  jobs_NNS  .  
  or_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  found_VVD  cock-fighting_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  church_NN  .  
  Laud_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  positive_JJ  approach_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  increase_VV0  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  reverence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  respected_VBN  and_CC  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bishop_NN  .  
  altars_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  altars_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  any_DD  broken_JJ  down_RP  ,_,  transportable_JJ  table_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  handy_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  improbable_JJ  uses_NNS  .  
  Laud's_PPIO2  motives_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  but_CCB  his_APP$  tact_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  match_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  once_CS  convinced_VBN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  most_DA  lengths_NNS  to_TO  establish_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  hated_VBN  .  
  and_CC  executed_VBN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  ,_,  1644_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  was_VBDZ  declared_VBN  illegal_JJ    partly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  proved_VBN    an_AT1  offence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  reformed_JJ  Churches_NPLS  abroad_RR  .    
  the_AT1  puritan_JJ  leaders_NNS  were_VBDR  plotting_VBG  (_(  though_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  use_VV0  colourful_JJ  things_NNS  like_IO  gunpowder_NN  in_IO  interesting_JJ  places_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  Houses_NPLS  of_IO  parliament_NN  )_)  .  
  both_DB2  Church_NNL1  and_CC  state_NN  were_VBDR  their_APP$  target_NN  .  
  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  right_NN  of_IO  kings_NNS  made_VVD  the_AT1  bull's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  targets_NNS  almost_RR  indistinguishable_JJ  .  
    no_AT1  bishop_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  king_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  James_NP  .  
  and_CC      no_AT1  king_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  bishop_NN    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  implication_NN  .  
  Charles_NP  went_VVD  even_RR  further_RRR  and_CC  asserted_VVD  a_AT1  king_NN  could_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  wrong_NN  .  
  in_IO  1629_MC  he_PPHO1  dissolved_VVD  parliament_NN  and_CC  announced_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  govern_VV0  by_IO  royal_JJ  prerogative_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  outlet_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  expanding_JJ  gases_NNS  of_IO  criticism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  explosion_NN  grew_VVD  .  
  for_IO  Scotland_NP  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  signal_NN  .  
  in_IO  England_NP  the_AT1  puritans'_NN2  day_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  1640_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  long_JJ  parliament_NN  began_VVD  .  
  English_JJ  churches_NNS  suffered_VVD  yet_RR  another_DD1  despoliation_NN  .  
  and_CC  Evelyn_NP  the_AT1  diarist_NN  could_VM  record_VV0  
    another_DD1  sad_JJ  day_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  church_NN  now_RL  in_IO  caves_NNS  and_CC  dens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .    
  to_TO  secure_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  end_NN  men_NNS  like_IO  Will_NP  Dowsing_NP  undertook_VVD  to_TO  smash_VV0  churches_NNS  at_IO  8_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  disgusted_JJ  in_IO  one_MC1  place_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  3_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  \0d_NNU  because_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO    ten_MC  superstitious_JJ  pictures_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  cross_NN    to_TO  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  in_IO  1649_MC  ,_,  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  beheaded_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  thrill_NN  of_IO  horror_NN  ran_VVD  though_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dead_JJ  king_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  ravaged_JJ  faith_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  these_DD2  very_DA  excesses_NNS  which_DDQ  sounded_VVD  the_AT1  death_NN  knell_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  ruling_JJ  force_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  this_DD1  chapter_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  unrelieved_JJ  gloom_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  also_RR  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS Lancelot_NP  Andrewes_NP  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  his_APP$  preces_&FW  privatae_&FW  as_IO  well_II  as_II  being_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  bishop_NN  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  George_NP  Herbert_NP  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  poems_NNS  have_VH0  become_VBN  much-loved_JB  hymns_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  that_CS  John_NP  Cosin_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  day_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  bishop_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  preparing_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  major_JJ  liturgical_JJ  contribution_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  opportunity_NN  offered_VVD  .  
  contemporary_JJ  with_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Jeremy_NP  Taylor_NP  whose_PNQV$  holy_JJ  living_NN  and_CC  holy_JJ  dying_NN  have_VH0  helped_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  to_TO  achieve_VV0  those_DD2  titles_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS Nicholas_NP  Ferrar_NP  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  his_APP$  fascinating_JJ  experiments_NNS  in_IO  Christian_JJ  community_NN  living_VBG  at_IO  Little_NP  Gidding_NP  .  
  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  age_NN  !_!  
  chapter_NN  nine_MC  .  
  the_AT1  seventeenth-century_JB  sixties_MC2  .  
  no_AT1  Christian_NN1  can_VM  lightly_RR  condemn_VV0  an_AT1  age_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  belief_NN  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  Richard_NP  Baxter_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  saints'_NN2  everlasting_JJ  rest_NN  or_CC  John_NP  Bunyan_NP  and_CC  pilgrim's_NN1$  progress_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  age_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  birth_NN  to_IO  George_NP  Fox_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  .  
  all_DB  Christendom_NN1  has_VHZ  surely_RR  been_VBN  enriched_VBN  by_IO  Fox's_PPIO2  striving_NN  for_IO  direct_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  God_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  joy_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  attained_VBN  it_PPH1  and_CC    the_AT1  whole_JJ  earth_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  new_JJ  smell_NN  .    
  political_JJ  history_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  must_VM  surely_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  poorer_JJ  without_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  equality_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  quakers_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  propagate_VV0  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  brand_NN  image_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  Cromwell_NP  ,_,  must_VM  remain_VV0  memorable_JJ  for_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  his_APP$  warts_NNS  .  
  dictator_NN  though_CS  he_PPHO1  inevitably_RR  became_VVD  ,_,  Cromwell_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  burning_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  prescribe_VV0  religious_JJ  conformity_NN  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  truck_NN  with_IO  bishops_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  burned_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  preaching_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pure_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  yearned_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  reform_NN  of_IO  morals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC    gave_VVD  England_NP  a_AT1  nearer_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  religious_JJ  liberty_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  known_VBN  .    
    I_PPIS1  meddle_VV0  not_XX  with_IO  any_DD  man's_NN1$  conscience_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  times_NNS  when_CS his_APP$  actions_NNS  implied_VVD  he_PPHO1  assumed_VVD  that_CS  Romans_NP2  and_CC  Anglicans_NP2  had_VHD  no_AT1  conscience_NN  and_CC  hence_RR  needed_VVD  his_APP$  strong_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  and_CC  Irishmen_NP2  ,_,  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  another_DD1  matter_NN  altogether_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  so_RG  very_RG  far_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  English_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  that_DD1  degree_NN  of_IO  liberty_NN  which_DDQ  forbade_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  observe_VV0  Christmas_NP  day_NN  .  *"_*'  
  England_NP  was_VBDZ  merry_JJ  England_NP  when_CS old_JJ  Christmas_NP  brought_VVD  his_APP$  sports_NNS  again_RR  ,_,  **"_**'  said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Scott_NP  .  
  and_CC  men_NNS  soon_RR  tired_VVD  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS   hated_VVD  bear-baiting_NN  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  pain_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  bear_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  pleasure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  spectators_NNS  ,_,    as_CS  Macaulay_NP  expressed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  people_NNS  wanted_VVD  God's_PPIO2  blessing_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  weddings_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  only_RR  civil_JJ  marriages_NNS  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  twenty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  proved_VVD  a_AT1  negative_JJ  ,_,  inhibiting_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  were_VBDR  obsessed_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  theological_JJ  gloom_NN  and_CC  snuffed_VVD  any_DD  tiny_JJ  candle_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  which_DDQ  came_VVD  within_IO  their_APP$  reach_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  religion_NN  designed_VBN  for_IO  doughty_JJ  desert_NN  nomads_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  Church_NNL1  and_CC  King_NNSB1  in_IO  1660_MC  was_VBDZ  as_RG  much_RR  for_IO  basic_JJ  human_JJ  reasons_NNS  as_CS  for_IO  ideological_JJ  motives_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  because_CS  Richard_NP  Cromwell_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  weak_JJ  character_NN  as_CS  because_CS  that_DD1  for_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  truest_JJT  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  unnatural_JJ  .  
  Christianity_NN1  is_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  fullness_NN  of_IO  man_NN  ,_,  not_XX  for_IO  his_APP$  suppression_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS the_AT1  bells_NNS  rang_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  bonfires_NNS  blazed_VVD  as_CS  Charles_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  dalliance_NN  with_IO  puritanism_NN  had_VHD  shown_VBN  that_CS  salvation_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  joy_NN  ,_,  lay_VVD  elsewhere_RR  .  
  how_CS much_RR  greater_JJ  the_AT1  pity_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  Charles_NP  2_MC  could_VM  not_XX  prove_VV0  more_RG  worthy_JJ  on_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  crown_NN  .  
  how_CS unfortunate_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  name_NN  must_VM  remain_VV0  associated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  mind_NN  with_IO  Nell_NP  Gwynn_NP  ,_,  oranges_NNS  and_CC  low_JJ  comedy_NN  .  
  and_CC  how_CS sad_JJ  that_CS  Charles_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  attempted_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  rigorous_JJ  suppression_NN  as_CS  had_VHD  disfigured_VBN  English_JJ  history_NN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  .  
  Bunyan_NP  and_CC  Bedford_NP  Gaol_NNL1  were_VBDR  one_MC1  example_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  the_AT1  conventicle_NN  act_NN  which_DDQ  forbade_VVD  meetings_NNS  for_IO  worship_NN  where_CS the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  used_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  licensing_NN  act_NN  which_DDQ  imposed_VVD  a_AT1  rigid_JJ  press_NN  censorship_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  five-mile_JB  act_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  nonconformist_JJ  ministers_NNS  wanderers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  wilderness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  which_DDQ  made_VVD  notorious_JJ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Clarendon_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  code_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  test_NN  act_NN  which_DDQ  insisted_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  civil_JJ  or_CC  military_JJ  officers_NNS  should_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  oath_NN  of_IO  supremacy_NN  and_CC  allegiance_NN  and_CC  receive_VV0  the_AT1  holy_JJ  communion_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  rite_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  legalistic_JJ  ham-fistedness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  such_DA  an_AT1  artificial_JJ  observance_NN  for_IO  so_RG  many_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  century_NN  .  
  and_CC  such_DA  a_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  imposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  ,_,  not_XX  initiated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  so_RG  much_DA  one_MC1  could_VM  condemn_VV0  about_IO  these_DD2  sixties_MC2  of_IO  three_MC  centuries_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  so_RG  much_DA  also_RR  which_DDQ  one_MC1  welcomes_VBZ  ,_,  not_XX  least_RBT  the_AT1  1662_MC  prayer_NN  book_NN  ,_,  born_VBN  under_IO  such_DA  strange_JJ  portents_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  no_RR  longer_RRR  look_VV0  starry-eyed_JJ  and_CC  refer_VV0  to_IO    this_DD1  incomparable_JJ  book_NN  .    
  time_NN  has_VHZ  turned_VBN  its_APP$  wheel_NN  and_CC  prescribed_VBN  revision_NN  as_CS  now_RL  overdue_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  revise_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  this_DD1  book_NN  has_VHZ  meant_VBN  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  look_VV0  at_IO  its_APP$  immediate_JJ  background_NN  .  
  before_IO  Christmas_NP  1660_MC  five_MC  editions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  1604_MC  book_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  printed_VBN  .  
  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  without_IO  a_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  had_VHD  certainly_RR  not_XX  made_VBN  people_NNS  forget_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  lose_VV0  interest_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  most_DA  people_NNS  regarded_VBN  these_DD2  reprints_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  1604_MC  book_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  stopgap_NN  .  
  a_AT1  revision_NN  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  called_VBN  for_IO  and_CC  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  revision_NN  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  expressed_VBN  by_IO  nine_MC  bishops_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  still_RR  alive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  nearer_RRR  the_AT1  forms_NNS    come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  liturgy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  and_CC  Latin_JJ  Churches_NPLS  ,_,  the_AT1  less_RRR  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  liable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  objections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  enemy_NN  .    
  on_IO  October_NN1  25_MC  ,_,  1660_MC  ,_,  Charles_NP  issued_VVD  a_AT1  statement_NN  calling_VBG  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  all_DB  interested_JJ  parties_NNS  .  
  on_IO  August_NN1  15_MC  ,_,  1661_MC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  that_DD1  conference_NN  met_VVD  .  
  to_IO  it_PPH1  came_VVD  twelve_MC  bishops_NNS  (_(  including_IO  John_NP  Cosin_NP  of_IO  Durham_NP  ,_,  Robert_NP  Sanderson_NP  of_IO  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Gilbert_NP  Sheldon_NP  of_IO  London_NP  )_)  and_CC  twelve_MC  puritan_JJ  divines_NNS  (_(  including_IO  Richard_NP  Baxter_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  London_NP  presided_VVD  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  bishops_NNS  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  and_CC  natural_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Church's_NNL1  prayer_NN  book_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  restored_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  onus_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  placed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  plenty_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  practically_RR  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  surplice_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cross_NN  in_IO  baptism_NN  ,_,  kneeling_VBG  to_TO  receive_VV0  the_AT1  holy_JJ  communion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  season_NN  of_IO  Lent_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ring_NN  in_IO  marriage_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  abolished_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  prayer_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  extemporary_JJ  and_CC  unfettered_JJ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  actually_RR  puritans_NNS  who_PNQS took_VVD  this_DD1  principle_NN  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extreme_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  described_VVD  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  prayer_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  Popish_JJ  invention_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  puritans_NNS  wanted_VVD  Sunday_NN1  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1    Lord's_NNSB2  day_NN    and_CC  Sabbatarian_JJ  gloom_NN  to_TO  prevail_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  condemn_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  never_RR  forget_VV0  their_APP$  very_RG  real_JJ  zeal_NN  for_IO  righteousness_NN  .  
    had_VHD  the_AT1  objectors_NNS  concentrated_VVD  on_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  points_NNS  of_IO  real_JJ  doctrinal_JJ  importance_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  Bishop_NNSB1  Moorman_NP  ,_,    they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  some_DD  impression_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  opponents_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  absorption_NN  in_IO  details_NNS  of_IO  little_DA  moment_NN  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  undoing_NN  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  use_NN  telling_VBG  even_RR  children_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  suggested_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  silly_JJ  or_CC  to_TO  pull_VV0  themselves_PPX2  together_RR  .  
  far_RR  better_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  face_VV0  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_PNQS is_VBZ  worrying_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  original_JJ  cause_NN  and_CC  then_RL  deal_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  show_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  either_LE  for_IO  the_AT1  sham_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    and_CC  many_DA  fears_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  upon_IO  completely_RR  irrational_JJ  pre-conceived_JJ  notions_NNS    or_CC  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS we_PPIS2  may_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  remove_VV0  the_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  torment_VV0  us_PPIO2   that_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  possess_VV0  .  
  even_RR  worse_JJ  is_VBZ  to_TO  laugh_VV0  .  
  tremendous_JJ  damage_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  by_IO  laughing_VBG  at_IO  what_DDQ  are_VBR  very_RG  real_JJ  fears_NNS  .  
  as_IO  adults_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  fears_NNS  are_VBR  groundless_JJ  ,_,  indeed_RR  to_IO  us_PPIO2   they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  laughable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  very_RG  real_JJ  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  children_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  molly-coddled_VBN    they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  face_VV0  their_APP$  fears_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  through_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  come_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  as_IO  victors_NNS  .  
  to_TO  ridicule_VV0  them_PPHO1  only_RR  pushes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  farther_RRR  into_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  unable_JJ  to_TO  speak_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  anybody_PN1  and_CC  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  amount_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  are_VBR  sown_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  harvest_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  may_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  being_VBG  reaped_VBN  at_IO  forty_MC  or_CC  fifty_MC  .  
  far_RR  better_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  particular_JJ  situation_NN  is_VBZ  frightening_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  face_VV0  it_PPH1  together_RR  until_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  can_VM  see_VV0  how_CS unnecessary_JJ  its_APP$  fears_NNS  were_VBDR  .  
  because_CS  situations_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  contain_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  fear_NN  can_VM  arise_VV0  suddenly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  to_TO  condition_VV0  a_AT1  child_NN  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  against_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  child_NN  of_IO  twelve_MC  or_CC  thirteen_MC  under_IO  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  nothing_PN1  nasty_JJ  ever_RR  happens_VBZ  is_VBZ  not_XX  merely_RR  dishonest_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unwise_JJ  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  suggest_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  chapter_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  situations_NNS  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  less_RG  frequently_RR  than_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  once_RR  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  now_RL  arise_VV0  until_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  leaving_VBG  a_AT1  child_NN  in_IO  complete_JJ  ignorance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  even_RR  lying_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  asks_VBZ  questions_NNS  .  
  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  honesty_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  refrains_VBZ  from_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  too_RG  many_DA  details_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  help_VV0  many_DA  a_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  proper_JJ  adjustment_NN  to_IO  life_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  grows_VBZ  up_RP  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   look_VV0  at_IO  Jesus_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  see_VV0  there_RL  a_AT1  life_NN  without_IO  fear_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  several_DA  instances_NNS  where_CS he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  unable_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  .  
  in_IO  Gethsemane_NP  he_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  cup_NN  should_VM  pass_VV0  from_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Jesus_NP  shows_VBZ  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  face_VV0  life_NN  .  
  to_TO  see_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  latent_JJ  frightening_JJ  possibilities_NNS  and_CC  yet_RR  by_IO  facing_VBG  them_PPHO1  and_CC  knowing_VBG  God_NP  is_VBZ  with_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  that_PNQS can_VM  finally_RR  defeat_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  that_CS  God_NP  has_VHZ  something_PN1  important_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  our_APP$  lives_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  nearer_RRR  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  stronger_JJ  we_PPIS2  become_VV0  .  *"_*'  
  .  today_NN1  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  thought_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dawn_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  .  and_CC  the_AT1  thought_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  :_:  that_CS  a_AT1  secret_JJ  plan_NN  is_VBZ  hid_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  hand_NN  ;_;  that_CS  my_APP$  hand_NN  is_VBZ  big_JJ  big_JJ  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  plan_NN  that_PNQS God_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS dwells_VBZ  in_IO  my_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  knows_VBZ  this_DD1  secret_JJ  plan_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  using_VBG  my_APP$  hand_NN  .  **"_**'  
  Toyohiko_NP  Kagawa_NP  .  
  prayer_NN  .  
  loving_JJ  saviour_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS experienced_VVD  all_DB  human_JJ  emotion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  sensitive_JJ  nature_NN  knows_VBZ  better_RRR  than_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  ,_,  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  really_RR  afraid_JJ  ,_,  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  when_CS we_PPIS2  face_VV0  life_NN  boldly_RR  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  are_VBR  seen_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  allies_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  enemies_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  come_VV0  what_DDQ  may_VM  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  never_RR  alone_JJ  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  with_IO  thee_PPY  .  
  amen_UH  .  
  chapter_NN  five_MC  .  
  tiredness_NN  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  would_VM  probably_RR  regard_VV0  tiredness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  physical_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cure_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  sleep_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  partly_RR  true_JJ  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  wake_VV0  up_RP  tired_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  morning_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  rest_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  difference_NN  .  
  sleep_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  that_DD1  child-like_JJ  quality_NN  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  from_IO  innocence_NN  .  
  to_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  bring_VV0  only_RR  a_AT1  disturbed_JJ  tossing_NN  and_CC  turning_NN  which_DDQ  causes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  to_TO  wake_VV0  feeling_VBG  worse_JJ  than_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  this_DD1  a_RR  little_RR  better_RRR  when_CS we_PPIS2  realize_VV0  that_DD1  tiredness_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  largely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  under_IO  normal_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  work_VV0  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mind_NN  tires_VBZ  first_RR  and_CC  conveys_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  tiredness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  proved_VBN  by_IO  noting_VBG  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  stimulus_NN  on_IO  somebody_PN1  who_PNQS feels_VBZ  thoroughly_RR  tired_JJ  .  
  suppose_VV0  a_AT1  mother_NN  has_VHZ  news_NN  late_RR  at_IO  night_NN  that_CS  her_APP$  child_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  danger_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  undertake_VV0  a_AT1  journey_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_II  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  declared_VBN  impossible_JJ  .  
  even_RR  more_RG  simply_RR  ,_,  test_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  reactions_NNS  to_IO  different_JJ  situations_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  which_DDQ  bring_VV0  on_RP  an_AT1  almost_RR  immediate_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  tiredness_NN    such_IO  as_II  when_CS your_APP$  wife_NN  mentions_VBZ  the_AT1  washing-up_NN    while_CS  others_DA2  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  refer_VV0  to_IO  something_PN1  you_PPY  like_VV0  doing_VBG  ,_,  bring_VV0  a_AT1  veritable_JJ  surge_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  .  
  many_DA  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ    too_RG  tired_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  mum_NN    will_VM  later_RRR  jump_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  no_AT1  apparent_JJ  tiredness_NN  at_IO  all_DB  when_CS her_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  calls_VBZ  and_CC  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  walk_NN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  necessarily_RR  being_VBG  deceitful_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  really_RR  did_VDD  feel_VV0  tired_JJ  until_CS  the_AT1  mind_NN  got_VVD  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  injection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fresh_JJ    and_CC  an_AT1  attractive_JJ    interest_NN  !_!  
  tiredness_NN  has_VHZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  as_RG  much_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  our_APP$  mental_JJ  state_NN  as_CS  with_IO  our_APP$  physical_JJ  exhaustion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  disturbed_JJ  mind_NN  can_VM  bring_VV0  the_AT1  healthiest_JJT  body_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  fatigue_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  wonder_VV0  why_CS they_PPHS2  get_VV0  no_AT1  rest_NN  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  sleep_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  drag_VV0  themselves_PPX2  around_RP  and_CC  can_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  burden_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  families_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
  any_DD  mental_JJ  confusion_NN  can_VM  cause_VV0  this_DD1  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  to_TO  seek_VV0  advice_NN  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  cure_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  bodies_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  pain_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  deep_RR  seated_VBN  ,_,  so_RR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  cure_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  minds_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  one_MC1  involving_VBG  careful_JJ  and_CC  patient_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  steps_NNS  forward_RR  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  this_DD1  century_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  illness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  feared_VBN  or_CC  shunned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  no_RR  differently_RR  regarded_VBN  than_IO  physical_JJ  illness_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  tiredness_NN  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  from_IO  no_AT1  major_JJ  complication_NN  but_CCB  results_VBZ  from_IO  an_AT1  inability_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  life_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  diverse_JJ  pattern_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS most_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  born_VBN  ,_,  lived_VBN  and_CC  died_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  for_IO  anybody_PN1  to_TO  live_VV0  a_AT1  day_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  even_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS held_VVD  a_AT1  high_JJ  and_CC  responsible_JJ  office_NN  lived_VVD  in_IO  far_RR  greater_JJ  simplicity_NN  than_IO  their_APP$  successors_NNS  .  
  when_CS news_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  took_VVD  days_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  America_NP  weeks_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  east_NN1  ,_,  months_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  a_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  could_VM  go_VV0  to_TO  sleep_VV0  in_IO  blissful_JJ  ignorance_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  happening_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  end_NN  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  whereas_CS  today_NN1  ,_,  everybody_PN1  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  knows_VBZ  of_IO  happenings_NNS  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  within_IO  minutes_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  taking_VBG  place_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  ways_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  life_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  individual_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  so_RG  complex_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  taxes_VBZ  the_AT1  mind_NN  .  
  two_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  men_NNS  lived_VVD  and_CC  worked_VVD  in_IO  one_MC1  place_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  lives_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  one_MC1  piece_NN  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  man_NN  may_VM  live_VV0  twenty_MC  ,_,  thirty_MC  even_RR  sixty_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  connexion_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pipeline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  travel_VV0  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  homes_NN2  know_VV0  little_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  place_NN  of_IO  work_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  associates_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  or_CC  works_NN  wonder_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  possibly_RR  like_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  surroundings_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  ,_,  desperately_RR  easy_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  lead_VV0  a_AT1    double_JJ    life_NN  without_IO  ever_RR  deliberately_RR  planning_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  or_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  being_VBG  conscious_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  life_NN  in_IO  compartments_NNS  but_CCB  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  it_PPH1  builds_VBZ  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  inevitably_RR  builds_VBZ  up_RP  tensions_NNS  which_DDQ  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  handled_VBN  correctly_RR  .  
  can_VM  we_PPIS2  then_RL  frame_VV0  some_DD    rules_NNS    which_DDQ  may_VM  enable_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  live_VV0  life_NN  as_RG  fully_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  having_VHG  our_APP$  energy_NN  sapped_VBN  by_IO  unnecessary_JJ  weariness_NN  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  makes_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  decrease_NN  in_IO  tiredness_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  saying_NN  
    my_APP$  head_NN  will_VM  never_RR  save_VV0  my_APP$  feet_NNS    .  
  time_NN  after_IO  time_NN  we_PPIS2  forget_VV0  something_PN1  and_CC  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  upstairs_RL  or_CC  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  ever_RR  stopped_VVD  to_TO  consider_VV0  how_CS much_DA  energy_NN    and_CC  time_NN    we_PPIS2  lose_VV0  this_DD1  way_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  staggered_VBN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  become_VV0  too_RG  pernickety_JJ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  all_DB  probably_RR  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  more_RG  orderly_JJ  for_CS  we_PPIS2  so_RG  frequently_RR  just_RR  muddle_VV0  through_RP  .  
  the_AT1  housewife_NN  would_VM  find_VV0  life_NN  far_RR  less_RG  tiring_JJ  if_CS  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  list_NN  ,_,  followed_VVD  a_AT1  routine_NN  of_IO  work_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  getting_VBG  from_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  .  
  the_AT1  business_NN  man_NN  would_VM  find_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  far_RR  less_DA  strain_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  more_RG  systematic_JJ  .  
  to_TO  drift_VV0  aimlessly_RR  along_RP  is_VBZ  more_RG  wearying_JJ  than_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  only_RR  sit_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  write_VV0  out_RP  all_DB  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  jobs_NNS  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  work_VV0  quietly_RR  through_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  find_VV0  life_NN  considerably_RR  less_RG  exhausting_JJ    and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  do_VD0  more_DA  .  
  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  who_PNQS will_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  routine_NN  destroys_VBZ  the_AT1  soul_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  easy_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  rut_NN  .  
  save_VV0  us_PPIO2   from_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  curriculum_NN  and_CC  even_RR  worse_JJ  the_AT1  school_NN  system_NN  whereby_CS for_IO  meals_NNS  everybody_PN1  knows_VBZ  beforehand_RR  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  ,_,  on_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  .  
  if_CS    such_DA  a_AT1  critic_NN  may_VM  say_VV0    you_PPY  are_VBR  calling_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_IO  adventure_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  strangle_VV0  us_PPIO2   before_CS  we_PPIS2  start_VV0  by_IO  putting_VBG  us_PPIO2   into_IO  a_AT1  strait-jacket_NN  called_VBN    order_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  more_RR  than_RR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  how_CS anybody_PN1  can_VM  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  routine_NN  day_NN  in_RP  and_CC  day_NN  out_RP  for_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  difficult_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  industry_NN  and_CC  commerce_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  going_VBG    though_CS  if_CS  ever_RR  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO    staggered_JJ    hours_NNS  it_PPH1  may_VM  do_VD0  an_AT1  immense_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  good_NN  over_IO  and_CC  above_IO  relieving_VBG  the_AT1  pressure_NN  on_IO  over-crowded_JJ  trains_NNS  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  with_IO  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  life_NN  already_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  predetermined_JJ  groove_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  hardly_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  add_VV0  further_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  dullness_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  engenders_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  arguing_VBG  for_IO  this_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  how_CS much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  drag_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  some_DD  little_JJ  while_NN  ago_RR  to_TO  hear_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  school_NN  who_PNQS tried_VVD  a_AT1  six-day_JB  timetable_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  only_RR  worked_VVD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  five-day_JB  week_NN  so_CS  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  week_NN  Monday_NN1  to_IO  Friday_NN1  were_VBDR  days_NNS  one_MC1  to_IO  five_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  timetable_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  following_JJ  Monday_NN1  was_VBDZ  day_NN  six_MC  and_CC  Tuesday_NN1  started_VVD  day_NN  one_MC1  again_RR  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  means_NN  they_PPHS2  avoided_VVD  each_DD1  week_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  a_AT1  pupil_NN  knowing_VBG  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  the_AT1  subject_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  Friday_NN1  afternoon_NN  at_IO  3_MC  \0p.m._RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  complicated_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  big_JJ  notice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  saying_VBG  which_WDTI  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  timetable_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    but_CCB  it_PPH1  added_VVD  immensely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  and_CC  kept_VVD  everybody_PN1  on_IO  their_APP$  toes_NNS  .  
  to_TO  have_VH0  order_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  getting_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  routine_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  great_JJ  sympathy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  wife_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  washing_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  Monday_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  either_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  without_IO  becoming_VBG  exhausted_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  quietly_RR  and_CC  make_VV0  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  note_VV0  the_AT1  order_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  most_RG  conveniently_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  (_(  or_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  because_IO  of_II  other_DA  predetermined_JJ  factors_NNS    you_PPY  must_VM  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  your_APP$  shopping_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  closing_NN  day_NN  )_)  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  at_IO  what_DDQ  peace_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  ensues_VBZ  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  a_AT1  list_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  plan_NN  enables_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_TO  put_VV0  all_DB  our_APP$  energies_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  matter_NN  on_IO  hand_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  turn_VV0  now_RL  to_IO  the_AT1  consideration_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  Aggadic_JJ  passage_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  final_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  tractate_NN  Makkoth_NP  .  
  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Hananiah_NP  \0b_&FW  Gamaliel_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  .  
  this_DD1  teacher_NN  holds_VBZ  that_CS  one_MC1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  incurred_VBN  the_AT1  penalty_NN  of_IO  kareth_&FW    the_AT1  excision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN    obtains_VBZ  a_AT1  remission_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  punishment_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  flogged_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  opening_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  stated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Johanan_NP  that_CS  \0R_NNSB1  Hananiah_NP  \0b_&FW  Gamaliel's_PPIO2  colleagues_NNS  disagree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  that_DD1  in_IO  their_APP$  view_NN  a_AT1  flogging_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  bring_VV0  remission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  penalty_NN  of_IO  kareth_&FW  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  discussed_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  (_(  and_CC  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  analysis_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  )_)  \0R_NNSB1  Adda_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Rabh_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  halakhah_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Hananiah_NP  \0b_&FW  Gamaliel_NP  .  
  Rabh_NP  Joseph_NP  (_(  \0d_VVD  333_MC  )_)  objects_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN  ,_,  used_VBN  by_IO  Rabh_NP  ,_,  halakhah_&FW  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  appropriate_JJ  here_RL  for_CS    who_PNQS  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  heaven_NN  and_CC  returned_VBN  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  .    (_(  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  term_NN  halakhah_&FW  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  about_IO  some_DD  practical_JJ  issue_NN  where_CS a_AT1  decision_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  guilty_JJ  of_IO  kareth_&FW  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  God_NP  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  recording_VBG  the_AT1  actual_JJ  ruling_NN    halakhah_&FW    for_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  only_RR  to_IO  God_NP  )_)  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  his_APP$  disciple_NN  Abaye_NP  (_(  \0c_RR  280-338/39_MC-MC  )_)  replies_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN  is_VBZ  applicable_JJ  even_RR  here_RL  (_(  \0i.e_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  permissible_JJ  for_IO  human_JJ  teachers_NNS  to_TO  state_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  how_CS God_NP  will_VM  act_VV0  )_)  .  
  as_IO  proof_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  Abaye_NP  quotes_VBZ  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  (_(  early_JJ  3rd_MD  \0cent_NN  )_)  who_PNQS said_VVD  that_CS  three_MC  things_NNS  were_VBDR  done_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  court_NN  here_RL  below_II  and_CC  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  court_NN  agreed_VVD  with_IO  their_APP$  decisions_NNS  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  objection_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  :_:  
    who_PNQS  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  heaven_NN  and_CC  returned_VBN  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  .    
  but_CCB  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  presumably_RR  argues_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  arrive_VV0  at_IO  this_DD1  information_NN  by_IO  interpreting_VBG  certain_JJ  verses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  consequently_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  justified_VBN  in_IO  interpreting_VBG  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  verses_NNS  to_TO  yield_VV0  that_CS  \0R_NNSB1  Hananiah_NP  \0b_&FW  Gamaliel_NP  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  God_NP  will_VM  act_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  stated_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  an_AT1  original_JJ  saying_NN  of_IO  Rabh_NP  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  Rabh_NP  Joseph_NP  raises_VBZ  an_AT1  objection_NN  and_CC  Abaye_NP  replies_VBZ  by_IO  referring_VBG  his_APP$  master_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  verbatim_JJ  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  words_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  Rabh_NP  Joseph_NP  and_CC  Abaye_NP  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  no_AT1  re-working_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  redactors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  difficulty_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  Rabh_NP  Joseph_NP  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  disagree_VV0  with_IO  Rabh_NP  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  disagree_VV0  with_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  Abaye's_PPIO2  reply_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  that_CS  Rabh's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  isolated_JJ  case_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  normal_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  interpretation_NN  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  now_RL  proceeds_VBZ  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  itself_PPX1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  introduced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  formula_NN  ,_,  gupha_&FW  ,_,    the_AT1  main_JB  saying_NN    (_(  \0i.e_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  referred_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  saying_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  discussion_NN  ,_,  here_RL  we_PPIS2  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  saying_NN  itself_PPX1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  enactments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  court_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  court_NN  concurred_VVD  are_VBR  given_VBN  (_(  no_AT1  doubt_NN  by_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  himself_PPX1  )_)  as_IO  :_:  the_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Esther_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  festival_NN  of_IO  Purim_NP  ;_;  that_CS  people_NNS  should_VM  greet_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  with_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  name_NN  ;_;  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  tithe_NN  normally_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Levites_NP2  should_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  .  
  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  proof_NN  texts_NNS  are_VBR  quoted_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Esther_NP  the_AT1  verse_NN  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  established_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  took_VVD  it_PPH1  upon_IO  them_PPHO1    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  mean_VV0  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  (_(  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  court_NN  )_)  established_VVD  above_II  that_DD1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  took_VVD  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  (_(  the_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Esther_NP  )_)  down_RP  here_RL  below_II  .    
  the_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  for_IO  greeting_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  name_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  quoted_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  verse_NN  :_:  
    and_CC  behold_VV0  ,_,  Boaz_NP  came_VVD  from_IO  Bethlehem_NP  and_CC  said_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  reapers_NNS  ,_,  
    the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  be_VB0  with_IO  you_PPY    .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  proof_NN  text_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  quoted_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  formula_NN  generally_RR  used_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  proof_NN  text_NN  ,_,    and_CC  it_PPH1  says_VBZ    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  verse_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  bless_VV0  thee_PPY  ,_,  thou_PPY  mighty_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  valour_NN  .    
  the_AT1  question_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  asked_VBN  :_:  
    what_DDQ  need_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  for_IO    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN    .    (_(  \0i.e_RR  why_CS are_VBR  two_MC  verses_NNS  needed_VBN  ,_,  why_CS does_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  first_MD  one_MC1  suffice_VV0  .  )_)  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  reply_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  that_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  Boaz_NP  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  proof_NN  of_IO  divine_JJ  approval_NN  ,_,  only_RR  that_CS  Boaz_NP  used_VVD  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  greeting_NN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  verse_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  angel_NN  who_PNQS uses_VBZ  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  greeting_NN  and_CC  hence_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  of_IO  divine_JJ  approval_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bringing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tithe_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  verse_NN  :_:  
    bring_VV0  ye_PPY  the_AT1  whole_JJ  tithe_NN  unto_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  house_NN  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  food_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  me_PPIO1  herewith_RR  ,_,  saith_VBZ  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  of_IO  hosts_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  open_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  heaven_NN  and_CC  pour_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  a_AT1  blessing_NN  ,_,  until_CS  there_EX  shall_VM  be_VB0  more_DA  than_IO  sufficiency_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  then_RL  asks_VBZ  :_:  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO    more_DA  than_IO  sufficiency_NN    (_(  \0Heb_NN1  beli_&FW  dai_&FW  .    
  Rami_NP  bar_&FW  Rabh_NP  replies_VBZ  :_:  
    until_CS  your_APP$  lips_NNS  are_VBR  worn_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  saying_VBG  :_:  
    sufficient_JJ    .    
  the_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sugya_&FW  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  first_MD  proof_NN  text_NN  and_CC  explanation_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  second_MD  proof_NN  text_NN  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Boaz_NP  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  angel_NN  .  
  question_NN  :_:  
  why_CS is_VBZ  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  required_VBN  .  
  answer_NN  :_:  
  because_CS  Boaz_NP  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  had_VHN  divine_JJ  approval_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  third_MD  proof_NN  text_NN  .  
  question_NN  :_:  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  beli_&FW  dai_&FW  .  
  answer_NN  :_:  
  by_IO  Rami_NP  bar_&FW  Rabh_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  matter_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  attention_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  proof_NN  texts_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  necessarily_RR  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  probability_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  later_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  saying_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  account_VV0  for_IO  Abaye_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  passage_NN  ,_,  observing_VBG  that_CS    we_PPIS2  expound_VV0  the_AT1  verses_NNS    not_XX    he_PPHO1  expounds_VBZ    .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  would_VM  imply_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  proof_NN  texts_NNS  were_VBDR  known_VBN  by_IO  Abaye_NP  .  
  our_APP$  suggestion_NN  is_VBZ  substantiated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  comment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  proof_NN  text_NN  :_:      they_PPHS2  established_VVD  above_II  that_DD1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  took_VVD  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  down_RP  here_RL  below_II    is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  by_IO  Samuel_NP  in_IO  tractate_NN  Megillah_NP  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Esther_NP  was_VBDZ  composed_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  inspiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  spirit_NN  and_CC  Samuel_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  quote_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  even_RR  more_RG  significant_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  proof_NN  texts_NNS  from_IO  Boaz_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  angel_NN  are_VBR  quoted_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  very_DA  thesis_NN  that_CS  greeting_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  name_NN  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  anonymous_JJ  Mishnah_NP  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  text_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  comment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  .  
  (_(  actually_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  quotes_VBZ  two_MC  further_JB  proof_NN  texts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  explains_VBZ  why_CS these_DD2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  careful_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  passage_NN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  quoted_VBN  here_RL  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  )_)  
  finally_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  note_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  comment_NN  of_IO  Rami_NP  bar_&FW  Rabh_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  here_RL  ,_,  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  illustration_NN  of_IO  how_CS a_AT1  sugya_&FW  has_VHZ  been_VBN  fashioned_VBN  from_IO  material_NN  already_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  redactors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sugya_&FW  is_VBZ  built_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  the_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Esther_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  comment_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  Samuel_NP  .  
  (_(  this_DD1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  understood_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  comment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  ;_;  quoted_VBN  by_IO  Samuel_NP  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  thesis_NN  and_CC  quoted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi's_PPIO2  thesis_NN  !_!  )_)  
  the_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  of_IO  greeting_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  name_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  here_RL  because_CS  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  greeting_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  name_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  here_RL  quotes_VBZ  the_AT1  texts_NNS  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  thesis_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  and_CC  answer_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  angel_NN  are_VBR  quoted_VBN  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  words_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  either_LE  mean_VV0  that_CS  both_DB2  sugyas_&FW  are_VBR  quoting_VBG  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  question_NN  and_CC  answer_NN  or_CC  that_CS  our_APP$  sugya_&FW  is_VBZ  quoting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  longer_JJ  sugya_&FW  which_DDQ  deals_VBZ  with_IO  all_DB  four_MC  texts_NNS  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Mishnah_NP  .  
  or_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  sugya_&FW  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  original_JJ  question_NN  and_CC  answer_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  sugya_&FW  .  
  (_(  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  :_:      Boaz_NP  did_VDD  it_PPH1  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  accord_NN  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  approval_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  action_NN  in_IO  heaven_NN    in_IO  both_DB2  sugyoth_&FW  .  
  such_DA  an_AT1  expression_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  framed_VBN  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  point_NN  at_IO  issue_NN  here_RL  ,_,  whether_CS  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  court_NN  concurred_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  court_NN  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  tithe_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  is_VBZ  then_RL  quoted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  by_IO  Rami_NP  bar_&FW  Rabh_NP  is_VBZ  added_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  at_IO  all_DB  relevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  but_CCB  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  familiar_JJ  interpretation_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  become_VBN  so_RG  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  invariably_RR  quoted_VBN  whenever_CS the_AT1  verse_NN  itself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  quoted_VBN  ,_,  almost_RR  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  continues_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Palestinian_JJ  teacher_NN  ,_,  \0R_NNSB1  Eleazar_NP  (_(  3rd_MD  \0cent_NN  )_)  :_:  
    the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  manifested_VVD  itself_PPX1  in_IO  three_MC  places_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Shem_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Samuel_NP  of_IO  Ramah_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Solomon_NP  .    
  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  saying_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  naturally_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  which_DDQ  deals_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  theme_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  originally_RR  the_AT1  saying_NN  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Eleazar_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  connected_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Joshua_NP  \0b_&FW  Levi_NP  ,_,  only_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  are_VBR  placed_VBN  into_IO  juxtaposition_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  .  
  a_AT1  proof_NN  text_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  quoted_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  cases_NNS  mentioned_VBN  by_IO  \0R_NNSB1  Eleazar_NP  .  
  Judah_NP  said_VVD    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  from_IO  me_PPIO1    ,_,  admitting_VBG  that_CS  Tamar_NP  was_VBDZ  with_IO  child_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  known_VBN  this_DD1  ,_,  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  consorted_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  other_DA  man_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  heavenly_JJ  voice_NN  said_VVD  :_:      it_PPH1  is_VBZ  from_IO  me_PPIO1      in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  voice_NN  stated_VVD  ,_,    these_DD2  secret_JJ  matters_NNS  have_VH0  proceeded_VBN  from_IO  me_PPIO1    .  
  this_DD1  proves_VBZ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  manifested_VVD  itself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Shem_NP  which_DDQ  flourished_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  Judah_NP  .  
  of_IO  Samuel_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  people_NNS  to_TO  bear_VV0  witness_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  taken_VBN  anything_PN1  of_IO  theirs_PP$  the_AT1  people_NNS  said_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  witnesses_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  verse_NN  reads_VBZ  :_:      and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:      witness_VV0    instead_RR  of_IO    and_CC  they_PPHS2  said_VVD    .  
  the_AT1  Gemara_NP  interprets_VBZ  this_DD1  to_TO  mean_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  heavenly_JJ  voice_NN  which_DDQ  proclaimed_VVD  :_:  
    witness_VV0  .    
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  famous_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  harlots_NNS  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  Solomon_NP  know_VV0  which_WDTI  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  true_JJ  mother_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  acting_VBG  craftily_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  heavenly_JJ  voice_NN  which_DDQ  said_VVD  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  his_APP$  mother_NN  .    
  Raba_NP  objects_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  proof_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  texts_NNS  quoted_VBN  .  
  for_IO  Judah_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  that_CS  Tamar_NP  was_VBDZ  with_IO  child_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  because_CS  he_PPHO1  counted_VVD  the_AT1  days_NNS  and_CC  months_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  found_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  coincide_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  pregnancy_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  presume_VV0  that_DD1  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  see_VV0  (_(  \0i.e_RR  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  assume_VV0  that_CS  another_DD1  man_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  consorted_VBN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  )_)  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  Samuel_NP  the_AT1  singular_JJ  form_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  Israel_NP  are_VBR  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  singular_NN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  another_DD1  verse_NN  .  
  as_IO  for_II  Solomon_NP  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  mother_NN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  the_AT1  child_NN  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  rather_RR  than_CS  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  killed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  says_VBZ  Raba_NP  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  real_JJ  proof_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  verses_NNS  and_CC  \0R_NNSB1  Eleazar's_PPIO2  saying_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  tradition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  passage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  healing_NN  miracles_NNS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  arbitrary_JJ  and_CC  unprecedented_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  to_IO  the_AT1    messianic_JJ  secret_NN    .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  \0Isa_NP  53.4_MC  to_IO  healing_NN  miracles_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  really_RR  appropriate_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  only_RR  becomes_VBZ  possible_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  verbs_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  meaning_NN    take_NC2  away_NC2    ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hebrew_NN1  they_PPHS2  translate_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  contrary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  context_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  Jesus_NP  cured_VVD  diseases_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  he_PPHO1  bore_VVD  them_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  previously_RR  decided_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  proper_JJ  Christian_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  verse_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  atoning_JJ  efficacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  passion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  literal_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hebrew_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  real_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  diseases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS came_VVD  to_IO  Jesus_NP  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  verse_NN  is_VBZ  selected_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  purpose_NN  in_IO  isolation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  context_NN  .  
  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  to_TO  relate_VV0  Christ's_PPIO2  healing_NN  miracles_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  total_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  redemption_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  thus_RR  widens_VBZ  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  passion_NN  prophecy_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  passion_NN  apologetic_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  ministry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  healings_NNS  are_VBR  as_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  messianic_JJ  work_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  passion_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  prophesied_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  servant_NN  would_VM  bear_VV0  our_APP$  diseases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Jesus_NP  both_DB2  removed_VVD  men's_NN2  diseases_NNS  by_IO  his_APP$  miracles_NNS  and_CC  himself_PPX1  suffered_VVD  their_APP$  pains_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  cross_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  acts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  wonder-worker_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Christ_NP  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  Messias_&FW  incognitus_&FW  .  
  when_CS Matthew_NP  incorporates_VBZ  this_DD1  quotation_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  loses_VBZ  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  cross_NN  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  healing_NN  can_VM  receive_VV0  warrant_NN  from_IO  scripture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  pictorial_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  apologetic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  Jesus_NP  are_VBR  already_RR  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  revelation_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  prophets_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Matthew_NP  scarcely_RR  realizes_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  verse_NN  accords_VBZ  ill_RR  with_IO  its_APP$  real_JJ  meaning_NN  .  
  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  use_NN  of_IO  parables_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  quotations_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  studied_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  when_CS Jesus_NP  did_VDD  acts_NNS  of_IO  healing_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  acting_VBG  as_IO  the_AT1  Messiah_NP  .  
  this_DD1  raises_VBZ  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  people_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  culpable_JJ  for_IO  failing_VBG  to_TO  recognize_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  appears_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  pair_NN  of_IO  texts_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  use_NN  of_IO  parables_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  analysis_NN  will_VM  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  early_JJ  Church_NNL1  not_XX  unnaturally_RR  adopted_VVD  the_AT1  position_NN  that_CS  failure_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  messianic_JJ  character_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  was_VBDZ  really_RR  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  people's_NN2  own_DA  blindness_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fundamental_JJ  refusal_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  believe_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  begin_VV0  by_IO  observing_VBG  how_CS Matthew_NP  precisely_RR  repeats_VBZ  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  parables_NNS  the_AT1  procedure_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  used_VBN  for_IO  healings_NNS  and_CC  exorcisms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  takes_VBZ  two_MC  virtually_RR  equivalent_JJ  Marcan_JJ  summaries_NNS  ,_,  abbreviates_VBZ  them_PPHO1  to_TO  make_VV0  one_MC1  point_VV0  each_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  adds_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  testimony_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  further_RRR  complicated_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  passage_NN  about_IO  parables_NNS  already_RR  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  quotation_NN  material_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  \0Isa_NP  6.9_MC  \0f_RR  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  Marcan_JJ  original_NN  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  quotation_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  wide_JJ  ramifications_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  summary_NN  is_VBZ  Mark_NP  4.10-12_MC-MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  short_JJ  paragraph_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  parables_NNS  ,_,  largely_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  \0Isa_NP  6.9_MC  \0f_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  Mark_NP  has_VHZ  inserted_VBN  here_RL  to_TO    mark_VV0  time_NN    between_IO  the_AT1  parable_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sower_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  interpretation_NN  .  
  Matthew_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  add_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  quotation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  abbreviates_VBZ  the_AT1  Marcan_JJ  version_NN  still_RR  further_RRR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  rewrites_VBZ  this_DD1  in_IO  \0Matt_NP  13.10-16_MC-MC  .  
  his_APP$  improvements_NNS  consist_VV0  in_IO  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  insertion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proverbial_JJ  saying_NN  about_IO      whosoever_WPA  hath_VHZ  ,_,  to_IO  him_PPHO1  shall_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN    ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  from_IO  Mark_NP  4.25_MC  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Q_ZZ1  saying_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  blessedness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  a_AT1  closely_RR  similar_JJ  vocabulary_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Isaiah_NP  allusion_NN  .  
  these_DD2  improvements_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  sole_JB  motive_NN  of_IO  enhancing_VBG  the_AT1  superiority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  the_AT1  secret_JJ  knowledge_NN  which_DDQ  others_DA2  fail_VV0  to_TO  perceive_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  inserted_JJ  verse_NN  properly_RR  denotes_VBZ  a_AT1  warning_NN  against_IO  taking_VBG  spiritual_JJ  privilege_NN  for_IO  granted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  retains_VBZ  this_DD1  in_IO  its_APP$  Marcan_JJ  context_NN  (_(  Mark_NP  4.21-5_MC-MC  ,_,  otherwise_RR  omitted_VBN  by_IO  Matthew_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  more_RG  clearly_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  Q_ZZ1  version_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parable_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  talents_NNS  (_(  \0Matt_NP  25.29_MC  =_&FO  Luke_NP  19.26_MC  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  it_PPH1  actually_RR  increases_VBZ  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  privilege_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  directly_RR  contradicts_VBZ  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  intention_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  added_JJ  Q_ZZ1  saying_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  blessedness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  is_VBZ  really_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  blessedness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  generation_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  God_NP  is_VBZ  breaking_VBG  in_RP  ,_,  by_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  unfulfilled_JJ  hopes_NNS  of_IO  previous_JJ  generations_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Matthew_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  underline_VV0  the_AT1  good_JJ  fortune_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  privileged_JJ  e*?2lite_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  summary_NN  is_VBZ  Mark's_PPIO2  conclusion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  chapter_NN  (_(  Mark_NP  4.33_MC  \0f_RR  )_)  .  
  in_IO  \0Matt_NP  13.34_MC  Matthew_NP  takes_VBZ  over_RP  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  verses_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  says_VBZ  that_CS  Jesus_NP  gave_VVD  all_DB  his_APP$  teaching_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  parables_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  suppresses_VBZ  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  which_DDQ  tells_VBZ  how_CS Jesus_NP  afterwards_RR  interpreted_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  privately_RR  .  
  instead_RR  he_PPHO1  inserts_VBZ  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  stock_NN  the_AT1  formula-quotation_NN  of_IO  \0Ps_NP  78.2_MC  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  open_VV0  my_APP$  mouth_NN  in_IO  parables_NNS  ;_;  I_PPIS1  will_VM  utter_VV0  things_NNS  hidden_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  (_(  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  )_)  .    
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  thus_RR  cut_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  further_JB  mention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  privilege_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  specifically_RR  developed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  summary_NN  ,_,  and_CC  place_VV0  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  solely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  intentional_JJ  obscurity_NN  of_IO  Jesus'_PPIO2  public_JJ  teaching_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  Matthew's_PPIO2  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  process_NN  which_DDQ  reflects_VBZ  changing_JJ  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  is_VBZ  much_RR  the_AT1  simpler_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  best_JJT  to_TO  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  first_RR  .  
  the_AT1  keyword_NN  for_IO  Matthew_NP  is_VBZ  wen_&FW  parabolai*?21s_&FW  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  line_NN  is_VBZ  identical_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  Septuagint_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  probably_RR  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  final_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  adaptation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  specifically_RR  applicable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  parables_NNS  .  
  for_IO  earlier_JJ  stages_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  line_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  an_AT1  independent_JJ  rendering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  text_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  parables_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  notable_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  translation_NN  kekrumme*?2na_&FW  (_(  =_&FO  things_NNS  kept_VBN  hidden_JJ  )_)  for_IO  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  (_(  =_&FO  riddles_NNS  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  directly_RR  contradicts_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN  in_IO  \0Ps_NP  78.3_MC  \0f_RR  ,_,  that_CS  these_DD2  things_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  handed_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  fathers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC    we_PPIS2  will_VM  not_XX  hide_VV0  them_PPHO1    from_IO  succeeding_JJ  generations_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  this_DD1  version_NN  disregards_VBZ  the_AT1  context_NN  ,_,  presumably_RR  intentionally_RR  .  
  nevertheless_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  psalm_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  one_MC1  circle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  with_IO  closer_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  meaning_NN  .  
  in_IO  John_NP  6.31_MC  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  opponents_NNS  quote_VV0  \0v_NN  24_MC  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  bread_NN  out_RP  of_IO  heaven_NN  to_TO  eat_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  objection_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  Jesus'_PPIO2  claim_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  Messiah_NP  is_VBZ  invalidated_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  failure_NN  to_TO  repeat_VV0  the_AT1  miracle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manna_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  feeding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  multitude_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  by_IO  John_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  proper_JJ  repetition_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  miracle_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  teaching_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  miracle_NN  is_VBZ  fulfilled_VBN  more_RG  truly_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  deeper_JJ  level_NN  .  
  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  an_AT1  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  psalm_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  Lord's_NNSB2  redeeming_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  psalm_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  poetical_JJ  narrative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  acts_NNS  of_IO  God_NP  in_IO  redemption_NN  .  
  the_AT1  elaborate_JJ  opening_JJ  verses_NNS  ,_,  speaking_VBG  darkly_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  mystery_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  intended_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  acts_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  thus_RR  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  faith_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS acted_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  again_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS try_VV0  to_TO  figure_VV0  out_RP  eschatological_JJ  programmes_NNS  can_VM  expect_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  acts_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  too_RG  naively_RR  imagined_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  objected_VBN  that_CS  Jesus_NP  had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  perform_VV0  the_AT1  repetition_NN  of_IO  acts_NNS  of_IO  redemption_NN  expected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eschatological_JJ  programme_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  could_VM  reply_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  indeed_RR  fulfilled_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  mystery_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  apologetic_JJ  motive_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  feeding_NN  miracles_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  also_RR  shows_VBZ  how_CS Jesus_NP  was_VBDZ  truly_RR  acting_VBG  as_IO  the_AT1  Messiah_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  before_IO  his_APP$  crucifixion_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  now_RL  arrived_VBN  at_IO  an_AT1  intelligible_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  kekrumme*?2na_&FW  as_IO  a_AT1  rendering_NN  of_IO  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  .  
  these_DD2    riddles_NNS    are_VBR  the_AT1  righteous_JJ  acts_NNS  of_IO  God_NP  in_IO  redemption_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  psalm_NN  itself_PPX1  implies_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Jesus_NP    primarily_RR  his_APP$  atoning_JJ  death_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  apologetic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN    are_VBR  the_AT1  final_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  acts_NNS  of_IO  redemption_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  objected_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  works_NNS  bore_VVD  little_DA  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  invited_VVD  the_AT1  apologist_NN  to_TO  place_VV0  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hiddenness_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  ways_NNS  .  
  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  Jesus'_PPIO2  works_NNS  were_VBDR  genuinely_RR  messianic_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  took_VVD  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  perceived_VBN  as_IO  such_DA  by_IO  the_AT1  elect_JJ  ,_,  solves_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  such_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  \0Ps_NP  78_MC  considered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  \0v_NN  2_MC  as_IO  a_AT1  pesher_&FW  quotation_NN  narrows_VBZ  the_AT1  application_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  Jesus_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  full_JJ  and_CC  final_JJ  revelation_NN  (_(  \0cf_VV0  \0Heb_NP  1.2a_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  line_NN  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  has_VHZ  a_AT1  roughly_RR  equivalent_JJ  meaning_NN  to_IO  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  .  
  to_TO  apply_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  parabolic_JJ  method_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  further_JB  refinement_NN  ,_,  effected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Septuagint_NP  rendering_NN  .  
  finally_RR  Matthew_NP  inserts_VBZ  the_AT1  resultant_JJ  text_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  parables_NNS  chapter_NN  for_IO  its_APP$    pictorial_JJ    value_NN  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  \0Isa_NP  53.4_MC  at_IO  8.17_MC  .  
  these_DD2  stages_NNS  of_IO  development_NN  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  Church's_NNL1  changing_JJ  outlook_NN  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  the_AT1  resurrection_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  revelation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  redemption_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  open_JJ  demonstration_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  saving_JJ  activity_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  previous_JJ  sacred_JJ  history_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  leading_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  commonly_RR  met_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  Pauline_JJ  epistles_NNS  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  1_MC1  \0Cor_NP  2.7_MC  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  characteristically_RR  refers_VBZ  principally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  cross_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  Jesus_NP  is_VBZ  held_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revelation_NN  ,_,  though_CS  its_APP$  true_JJ  significance_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1    elect_JJ    .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  construction_NN  put_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resurrection_NN  faith_NN  is_VBZ  read_VBN  back_RP  as_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  its_APP$  recognized_JJ  meaning_NN  all_RR  along_RP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  parallel_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  adopted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  healing_NN  miracles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  natural_JJ  position_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  ,_,  once_CS  the_AT1  teacher_NN  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  withdrawn_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Qumran_NP  covenanters_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS preserved_VVD  a_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  biblical_JJ  exegesis_NN  ,_,  derived_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  founder_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  regarded_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  secret_NN  revealed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  e*?2lite_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  final_JJ  stage_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  claim_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  method_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  deliberate_JJ  policy_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  Jesus_NP  ,_,  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  mystery_NN  from_IO  being_VBG  revealed_VBN  to_IO  any_DD  but_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  who_PNQS are_VBR  chosen_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  concealment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  Lord_NNSB1  corresponds_VBZ  with_IO  an_AT1  actual_JJ  impression_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  anxiety_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  radical_JJ  reinterpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  God_NP  from_IO  being_VBG  confused_VBN  with_IO  popular_JJ  expectations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  special_JJ  Marcan_JJ  nuance_NN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  even_RR  the_AT1  inner_JB  group_NN  of_IO  disciples_NNS  were_VBDR  themselves_PPX2  equally_RR  mystified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  parabolic_JJ  method_NN  (_(  Mark_NP  8.17_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  concomitant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  stage_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sect-type_JB  doctrine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  privileged_JJ  e*?2lite_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  access_NN  to_IO  knowledge_NN  denied_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  outside_IO  its_APP$  ranks_NNS  .  
  Isaiah_NP  6.9_MC  \0f_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  paragraph_NN  on_IO  parables_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  look_VV0  first_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  in_IO  Mark_NP  4.10-13_MC-MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  an_AT1  original_JJ  saying_NN  built_VBN  on_IO  \0Isa_NP  6.9_MC  \0f_RR  ,_,  sandwiched_VBN  between_IO  Marcan_JJ  editorial_JJ  matter_NN  which_DDQ  considerably_RR  alters_VBZ  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  \0vv_NNS  11_MC  \0f_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  e*?2lite_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  outsiders_NNS  all_DB  things_NNS  are_VBR    in_IO  parables_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  sift_VV0  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  )_)  the_AT1  elect_JJ  perceive_VV0  the_AT1  mystery_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  rejected_JJ  are_VBR  blind_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  wen_&FW  parabolai*?21s_&FW  represents_VBZ  **[HEBREW.QUOTATION**]_&FW  (_(  collective_JJ  )_)  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  actually_RR  does_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Septuagint_NP  of_IO  \0Ps_NP  78.2_MC  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  original_JJ  saying_NN  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  more_RG  general_JJ  in_IO  intention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Mark_NP  who_PNQS has_VHZ  narrowed_VBN  it_PPH1  down_RP  to_IO  parables_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  faith_NN  can_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  unless_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  .  
  every_AT1  moment_NN  is_VBZ  strain_NN  and_CC  crisis_NN  .  
  that_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  natural_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  reformer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  decadent_JJ  atmosphere_NN  (_(  if_CS  Danish_JJ  religion_NN  was_VBDZ  decadent_JJ  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  true_JJ  Jansenist_JJ  touch_NN  ,_,  as_CS  defined_VBN  by_IO  Sainte-Beuve_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  phrase_NN  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  forgot_VVD  God_NP  the_AT1  father_NN  .    
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  world_NN  created_VBN  by_IO  God_NP  was_VBDZ  pronounced_VBN  good_JJ  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  corrected_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  superseded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  religion_NN  of_IO  redemption_NN    the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  son_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  fierce_JJ  and_CC  dangerous_JJ  factors_NNS  working_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  souls_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  need_VM  not_XX  (_(  indeed_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  )_)  be_VB0  always_RR  living_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  a_AT1  clear_JJ  result_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  system_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  children_NNS  .  
  as_CS  their_APP$  life_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  strain_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  real_JJ  Christians_NP2  and_CC  Kierkegaard_NP  has_VHZ  to_TO  deal_VV0  (_(  rather_RR  shame-facedly_RR  )_)  with_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  texts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  (_(  unscientific_JJ  postscript_NN  ,_,  \0p_NN  524_MC  )_)  .  
  Kant_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  utilitarians_NNS  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  would_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  Immanuel_NP  Kant_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  thinker_NN  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  ways_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  hard_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  style_NN  .  
  not_XX  knowing_VBG  German_NN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  hardly_RR  assess_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  lucid_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  strike_VV0  out_RP  effective_JJ  phrases_NNS  like_IO      perceptions_NNS  without_IO  conceptions_NNS  are_VBR  blind_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  conceptions_NNS  without_IO  perceptions_NNS  are_VBR  empty_JJ  ,_,    or_CC      so_RR  act_VV0  that_CS  your_APP$  action_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  general_JJ  law_NN  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  philosophers_NNS  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  subjected_VBN  to_IO  higher_JJ  criticism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  division_NN  into_IO  earlier_JJ  and_CC  later_JJ  strata_NNS  recalls_VBZ  the_AT1  Q_ZZ1  and_CC  M_ZZ1  and_CC  L_ZZ1  of_IO  new_JJ  testament_NN  sources_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  partly_RR  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  ,_,  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  always_RR  trouble_VV0  to_TO  turn_VV0  and_CC  revise_VV0  page_NN  100_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  on_IO  page_NN  200_MC  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  also_RR  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  a_AT1  feature_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  dualism_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   himself_PPX1  that_CS  his_APP$  method_NN  of_IO  thinking_VBG  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  and_CC  work_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  to_IO  its_APP$  logical_JJ  conclusion_NN  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  sometimes_RR  lie_VV0  down_RP  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  lion_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lamb_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  peace_NN  together_RR  .  
  two_MC  famous_JJ  examples_NNS  present_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  critique_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  analysing_VBG  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  senses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  understanding_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  common_JJ  root_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  passive_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  active_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  outward_JB  and_CC  the_AT1  second_MD  with_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  inseparable_JJ  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  clear_JJ  why_CS (_(  for_IO  example_NN  )_)  my_APP$  sensation_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  thought_NN  of_IO  substance_NN  should_VM  combine_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  amalgam_NN  we_PPIS2  call_VV0    seeing_VBG  a_AT1  thing_NN    .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  say_VV0  (_(  without_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  technicalities_NNS  )_)  that_CS  Kant_NP  took_VVD  his_APP$  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  senses_NNS  from_IO  Hume_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  understanding_NN  from_IO  Leibniz_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  reconciled_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  phenomena_NNS  (_(  things_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   )_)  and_CC  things_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  (_(  as_CS  they_PPHS2  really_RR  are_VBR  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  deep_JJ  gulf_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  .  
  phenomena_NNS  fall_VV0  within_IO  my_APP$  experience_NN  .  
  things_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  are_VBR  unknowable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  how_CS do_VD0  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  their_APP$  existence_NN  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  knowing_JJ  self_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_TO  belong_VV0  to_IO  both_DB2  worlds_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  keep_VV0  this_DD1  dualism_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_TO  consider_VV0  what_DDQ  Kant_NP  says_VBZ  about_IO  the_AT1  relation_NN  of_IO  goodness_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  know_VV0  Heine's_PPIO2  brilliant_JJ  jest_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  two_MC  critiques_NNS    that_DD1  of_IO  pure_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  deals_VBZ  with_IO  thought_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  deals_VBZ  with_IO  action_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  shown_VBN  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  revolutionary_NN  .  
    the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  of_IO  Koenigsburg_NP  set_VVD  their_APP$  watches_NNS  by_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  this_DD1  mild_JJ  ,_,  inoffensive_JJ  man_NN  take_VV0  his_APP$  regular_JJ  walk_NN  .    
  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  known_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  frightened_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  than_CS  of_IO  Robespierre_NP  .  
  Robespierre_NP  only_RR  killed_VVD  a_AT1  king_NN  .  
  Kant_NP  killed_VVD  a_AT1  God_NP    the_AT1  God_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Deists_NP2  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  God_NP  whose_PNQV$  existence_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  proved_VBN  by_IO  reason_NN  )_)  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  describes_VBZ  Kant_NP  looking_VBG  up_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  triumphant_JJ  dialectic_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  eye_NN  lights_VBZ  upon_IO  his_APP$  faithful_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  Lampe_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  with_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  live_VV0  by_IO  .  
  so_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  critique_NN  Kant_NP  reinstates_VBZ  God_NP  ,_,  freedom_NN  and_CC  immortality_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  object_NN  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  proof_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  belief_NN  .  
  put_VBN  less_RG  picturesquely_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  critique_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  reason_NN  hedges_NNS  in_IO  knowledge_NN  so_RG  strictly_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  things_NNS  only_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  sense_NN  experience_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS we_PPIS2  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  second_MD  critique_NN  which_DDQ  deals_VBZ  with_IO  morality_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  moral_JJ  good_NN  is_VBZ  permanent_JJ  and_CC  unchanging_JJ  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  believe_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  sense_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  .  
  as_CS  Kant_NP  says_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  regal_JJ  gesture_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  abolish_VV0  knowledge_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  room_NN  for_IO  belief_NN  .    
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  God_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  law_NN  .  
  moral_JJ  duty_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  argues_VBZ  )_)  is_VBZ  distinguished_VBN  from_IO  other_DA  purposive_JJ  action_NN  by_IO  its_APP$  absolute_JJ  obligation_NN    what_DDQ  Kant_NP  calls_VBZ  the_AT1  categorical_JJ  imperative_NN  .  
  all_DB  other_DA  imperatives_NNS  are_VBR  conditional_JJ  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  musician_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  must_VM  practice_VV0  so_RG  many_DA  hours_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN    .  
  but_CCB  conscience_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  say_VV0  ,_,  
    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  good_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  must_VM  abstain_VV0  from_IO  committing_VBG  murder_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    thou_PPY  shalt_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  murder_NN  .    
  the_AT1  moral_JJ  command_NN  is_VBZ  unconditional_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  based_VBN  on_IO  desire_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  selfish_JJ  .  
  duty_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  concerned_VBN  with_IO  consequence_NN  :_:  happiness_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  nothing_PN1  else_RR  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  dualism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  man_NN  is_VBZ  free_JJ  only_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  accepts_VBZ  the_AT1  moral_JJ  law_NN  as_CS  good_JJ  in_IO  itself_PPX1  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  get_VV0  entangled_VBN  with_IO  selfish_JJ  desires_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  go_VV0  quite_RR  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  pleasure_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  action_NN  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  that_DD1  action_NN  bad_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  say_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  goodness_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  connection_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
  Kant_NP  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  rather_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  any_DD  motive_NN  at_IO  all_DB  when_CS I_PPIS1  obey_VV0  the_AT1  moral_JJ  law_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  desire_VV0  anything_PN1  for_IO  myself_PPX1  or_CC  for_IO  others_DA2  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  concerned_VBN  with_IO  any_DD  consequence_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  follow_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1    respect_VV0    it_PPH1  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  show_VV0  that_DD1  respect_NN  simply_RR  by_IO  obeying_VBG  a_AT1  law_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  binding_JJ  on_IO  all_DB  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  God_NP  for_IO  its_APP$  giver_NN  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  Kant_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  got_VBN  much_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  Stoic_JJ  position_NN  .  
  but_CCB  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  brought_VBN  up_RP  under_IO  Christian_JJ  influences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  a_AT1  step_NN  further_RRR  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  my_APP$  duty_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  will_VV0  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  good_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  will_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  and_CC  therefore_RR  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  God_NP  who_PNQS is_VBZ  able_JJ  and_CC  willing_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  good_NN    which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  happiness_NN  .  
  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Taylor_NP  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  what_DDQ  distinguishes_VBZ  religion_NN  from_IO  morality_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  former_DA  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  exists_VBZ  .    
  Kant_NP  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  move_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  direction_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  another_DD1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  swerves_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  Stoic_JJ  creed_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  accepts_VBZ  a_AT1  belief_NN  in_IO  immortality_NN  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  rewards_NNS  and_CC  penalties_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  endless_JJ  moral_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  his_APP$  rather_RR  curious_JJ  argument_NN  runs_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  law_NN  commands_VBZ  must_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  ;_;  therefore_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  .    
    this_DD1  proves_VBZ  human_JJ  freedom_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  law_NN  commands_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  absolutely_RR  good_JJ  .  
  now_RL  goodness_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  which_DDQ  never_RR  ends_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  needs_VBZ  an_AT1  endless_JJ  period_NN      in_IO  which_DDQ  not_XX  to_TO  attain_VV0  its_APP$  goal_NN  !_!  
  but_CCB  will_VM  this_DD1  process_NN  go_VV0  on_RP  after_IO  death_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  here_RL  on_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  just_JJ  are_VBR  never_RR  perfectly_RR  happy_JJ  and_CC  where_CS evils_NNS  are_VBR  constantly_RR  clouding_VBG  and_CC  obstructing_VBG  the_AT1  good_JJ  will_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Kant_NP  calls_VBZ    the_AT1  brightest_JJT  jewel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  answered_VBN  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  survival_NN  after_IO  death_NN  and_CC  unending_JJ  improvement_NN  need_VM  not_XX  mean_VV0  perfect_JJ  happiness_NN  there_RL  any_RG  more_RRR  than_CS  here_RL  .  
  but_CCB  after_IO  seventeen_MC  centuries_NNS  of_IO  Christian_JJ  teaching_NN  about_IO  heaven_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  so_RG  bleak_JJ  a_AT1  prospect_NN  .  
  so_RR  now_RL  he_PPHO1  introduces_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  moral_JJ  intuition_NN  .  
    that_CS  goodness_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  go_VV0  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  God_NP  proves_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  shall_VM  .    
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  overcome_VBN  the_AT1  dualism_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  and_CC  duty_NN  but_CCB  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  violently_RR  attacked_VBN  for_IO  reviving_VBG  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  the_AT1  very_DA  desire_NN  for_IO  rewards_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  banished_VBN  so_RG  haughtily_RR  from_IO  his_APP$  ethics_NN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Webb_NP  defends_VBZ  him_PPHO1  against_IO  this_DD1  charge_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  desire_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  selfish_JJ  but_CCB  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  justice_NN    that_CS  all_DB  good_JJ  men_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  rewarded_VBN  (_(  whether_CS  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  myself_PPX1  or_CC  not_XX  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  or_CC  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  answer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  hardly_RR  meets_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  
    does_VBZ  Kant_NP  regard_VV0  happiness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .    
  the_AT1  answer_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  thing_NN  before_IO  death_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  after_II  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  perhaps_RR  as_RG  absurd_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  and_CC  might_VM  be_VB0  worked_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  theory_NN  that_CS  life_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  probation_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  prove_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  worthy_JJ  or_CC  unworthy_JJ  of_IO  happiness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  this_DD1  life_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  lawful_JJ  to_TO  seek_VV0  the_AT1  happiness_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  .  
  on_IO  stern_JJ  Kantian_JJ  grounds_NNS  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  our_APP$  only_DA  desire_NN  for_IO  others_DA2  should_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  observe_VV0  the_AT1  moral_JJ  law_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  evil_NN  of_IO  cruelty_NN  consists_VBZ  in_IO  its_APP$  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  disposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doer_NN  and_CC  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  sufferings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  victim_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  pedantry_NN  to_TO  deny_VV0  that_CS  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  which_DDQ  result_VV0  from_IO  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  kindness_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  unhappiness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  utilitarians_NNS  defended_VVD  pleasure_NN  against_IO  Kant_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  propose_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  Jeremy_NP  Bentham_NP  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  reformer_NN  of_IO  law_NN  and_CC  political_JJ  institutions_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  effective_JJ  ,_,  largely_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  demand_VV0  an_AT1  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  obedience_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  regulated_VBN  by_IO  external_JJ  rewards_NNS  and_CC  punishments_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  tries_VBZ  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  secrets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  heart_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  appears_VBZ  as_IO  the_AT1  pedant_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  for_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  good_JJ  nature_NN  he_PPHO1  really_RR  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  syllogism_NN  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  do_VD0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  desire_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  desire_VV0  what_DDQ  gives_VBZ  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  greater_JJ  pleasure_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  because_CS  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  greater_JJ  pleasure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  natural_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0    if_CS  everyone_PN1  does_VBZ  what_DDQ  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  pleasure_NN  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  anything_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  and_CC  why_CS is_VBZ  the_AT1  moralist_NN  needed_VBN  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  pleasure_NN  .  
  on_IO  what_DDQ  scale_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  measured_VBN  .  
  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  the_AT1  best_JJT  judge_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  surprised_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  poverty_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  psychology_NN  .  
  Bentham_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  well_RR  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  movement_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  so_RG  much_RR  despised_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  only_RR  do_VD0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  !_!  
  struggles_NNS  of_IO  martyrs_NNS  ,_,  doubts_NNS  of_IO  lovers_NNS  ,_,  fight_NN  against_IO  temptation_NN  ,_,  changing_JJ  moods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  voluptuary_NN  ,_,  earnest_JJ  struggling_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  life_NN    was_VBDZ  all_DB  this_DD1  world_NN  of_IO  feeling_NN  completely_RR  closed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  though_CS      what_DDQ  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  .    were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  questions_NNS  !_!  
  that_DD1  world_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  wholly_RR  closed_VBN  to_IO  John_NP  Stuart_NP  Mill_NP  .  
  brought_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  straitest_JJT  sect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Benthamites_NP2  ,_,  he_PPHO1  literally_RR  collapsed_VVD  after_IO  a_AT1  diet_NN  of_IO    push-pin_NN  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  poetry_NN    and_CC    forty-three_MC  motives_NNS  for_IO  obeying_VBG  the_AT1  law_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  recovered_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  brighter_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  and_CC  music_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  still_RR  called_VVD  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  utilitarian_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  merely_RR  loyalty_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  upbringing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  abiding_JJ  dislike_NN  for_IO  any_DD  system_NN  which_DDQ  relied_VVD  upon_IO  pure_JJ  intuition_NN  .  
  wherever_CS he_PPHO1  sensed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  there_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  enemy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  relied_VVD  upon_IO  an_AT1  obscure_JJ  feeling_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  accountable_JJ  to_IO  reason_NN  .  
  for_IO  Mill_NP  ,_,  life_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  clear-cut_JJ  ends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  means_NNS  leading_VBG  straight_RR  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  good_NN  preached_VBN  by_IO  Kant_NP  and_CC  Coleridge_NP  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  vague_JJ  and_CC  undefined_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  everyone_PN1  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  pleasure_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  here_RL  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  goal_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  mystical_JJ  nonsense_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS regard_VV0  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  as_IO  Christ's_PPIO2  body_NN  ,_,  not_XX  metaphorically_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  metaphysically_RR  and_CC  ontologically_RR  ,_,  and_CC  see_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  incarnation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  any_DD  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  complete_JJ  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  phrase_NN    body_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP    did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  the_AT1  sentence_NN  under_IO  consideration_NN  was_VBDZ  framed_VBN  thus_RR  ,_,  with_IO  biblical_JJ  language_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  oddly_RR  unbiblical_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  open_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  persons_NNS  to_TO  expound_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  evangelism_NN  ,_,  whereby_CS Christ_NP  calls_VBZ  men_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  as_CS  supernaturalizing_VBG  society_NN  ,_,  or_CC  as_CS  linking_VBG  men_NNS  to_IO  Christ_NP  through_IO  its_APP$  sacraments_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  of_IO  Christ_NP  as_CS  in_IO  some_DD  sense_NN  continuing_VBG  his_APP$  work_NN  of_IO  redemption_NN  by_IO  endlessly_RR  offering_VBG  himself_PPX1  to_IO  God_NP  in_IO  organic_JJ  union_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  members_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  these_DD2  are_VBR  minority_NN  views_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  of_IO  dubious_JJ  biblical_JJ  credentials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  scarcely_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  old_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  rooted_VBN  in_IO  Anglican_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  certainly_RR  not_XX  countenanced_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  official_JJ  formulary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  surely_RR  no_AT1  right_NN  thus_RR  to_TO  deflect_VV0  the_AT1  wording_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  catechism_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  biblical_JJ  norm_NN  of_IO  usage_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  section_NN  (_(  14-17_MC-MC  )_)  introduced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:      what_DDQ  orders_NNS  of_IO  ministries_NNS  are_VBR  there_EX  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .    ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  dropped_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  question_NN  presumably_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  universal_JJ  on_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  answered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  bishops_NNS  ,_,  priests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  deacons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  odd_JJ  :_:  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  identified_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  universal_JJ  .  
  and_CC  furthermore_RR  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  catechumen_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  instructed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  precise_JJ  functions_NNS  of_IO  bishops_NNS  ,_,  priests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  deacons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  set-up_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  table_NN  .  
  such_DA  instruction_NN  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  held_VBN  essential_JJ  if_CS  this_DD1  organizational_JJ  structure_NN  were_VBDR  itself_PPX1  essential_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  being_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  where_CS this_DD1  threefold_JJ  ministry_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  recognized_VBN  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  must_VM  be_VB0  judged_VBN  non-existent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  drawn_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  valid_JJ  or_CC  efficacious_JJ  Eucharists_NP2  there_RL  .  
  knowledge_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  threefold_JJ  ministry_NN  would_VM  then_RL  be_VB0    saving_JJ  knowledge_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  for_IO  valid_JJ  sacraments_NNS  are_VBR  generally_RR  necessary_JJ  to_IO  salvation_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  is_VBZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  historic_JJ  Anglican_JJ  view_NN  .  
  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  proved_VBN  by_IO  scripture_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ    containeth_VBZ  all_DB  things_NNS  necessary_JJ  to_IO  salvation_NN    .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  no_UH  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  vocal_JJ  minority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  today_NN1  holds_VBZ  this_DD1  opinion_NN  in_IO  some_DD  form_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  right_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  space_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  revised_JJ  catechism_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  whose_PNQV$  presence_NN  there_RL  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  justified_VBN  if_CS  this_DD1  minority_NN  view_NN  were_VBDR  accepted_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  scriptural_JJ  and_CC  normatively_RR  Anglican_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  section_NN  leaves_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ministry_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  for_IO  all_DB  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  impression_NN  is_VBZ  strengthened_VBN  when_CS ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  stage_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  that_CS    the_AT1  Church's_NNL1  ministry_NN  in_IO  marriage_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  bless_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  woman_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  wedding_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  together_RR  receive_VV0  the_AT1  grace_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .    (_(  53_MC  )_)  .  
  certainly_RR  not_XX  !_!  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  Roman_JJ  doctrine_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  faithful_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  minister_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  Church's_NNL1  ministry_NN  in_IO  marriage_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  pray_VV0  for_IO  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  marrying_JJ  couple_NN    a_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  officiant's_NN1$  pronouncement_NN  of_IO  blessing_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  small_JJ  part_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  wording_NN  is_VBZ  imperative_JJ  ;_;  unless_CS  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  question_NN  53_MC  be_VB0  deleted_VBN  altogether_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  ourselves_PPX2  would_VM  favour_VV0  (_(  see_VV0  below_II  )_)  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  baptism_NN  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  (_(  38_MC  )_)  as_IO    the_AT1  sacrament_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  christened_VBN  or_CC  made_VBN  Christ's_PPIO2    .  
  this_DD1  definition_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  clear_JJ  meaning_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  fact_NN  alone_RR  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  unfit_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  catechism_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  place_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  most_RG  naturally_RR  implies_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  grace_NN  received_VBN  in_IO  baptism_NN  ex_&FW  opere_&FW  operato_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  historic_JJ  Anglican_JJ  teaching_NN  (_(  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Gorham_NP  judgment_NN  )_)  ,_,  nor_CC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  unanimous_JJ  present-day_JB  Anglican_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  grace_NN  exhibited_VBN  in_IO  baptism_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  received_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rite_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  before_II  or_CC  after_II  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  question_NN  42_MC  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  that_CS      confirmation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ministry_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  through_IO  prayer_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  laying_NN  on_RP  of_IO  hands_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  bishop_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  received_VBN  to_TO  complete_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  in_IO  baptism_NN  .    ;_;  which_DDQ  form_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  (_(  based_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  audacious_JJ  assertion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  prayer_NN  book_NN  that_CS      confirmation_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  apostolic_JJ  and_CC  sacramental_JJ  rite_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_TO  complete_VV0  our_APP$  baptism_NN    )_)  seems_VBZ  to_TO  force_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  interpret_VV0  answer_NN  38_MC  of_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  baptismal_JJ  regeneration_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  odd_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  regeneration_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  partial_JJ  initiation_NN  into_IO  Christ_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  Church_NNL1  ,_,  needing_VBG  the_AT1  further_JB  grace_NN  given_VBN  in_IO  confirmation_NN  (_(  also_RR  ex_&FW  opere_&FW  operato_&FW  .  )_)  to_TO  perfect_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  concept_NN  has_VHZ  breath-taking_JJ  implications_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  every_AT1  baptized_JJ  Christian_NN1  throughout_IO  the_AT1  universal_JJ  Church_NNL1  whose_PNQV$  ecclesiastical_JJ  system_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  available_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  episcopal_JJ  confirmation_NN  misses_VBZ  some_DD  grace_NN  ,_,  forfeits_VBZ  some_DD  blessing_NN  ,_,  foregoes_VBZ  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  union_NN  with_IO  Christ_NP  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Professor_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Lampe_NP  has_VHZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,    Christian_JJ  baptism_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  baptism_NN  of_IO  John_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  preparatory_JJ  cleansing_NN  in_IO  expectation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  future_JB  baptism_NN  with_IO  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  ;_;  confirmation_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  merely_RR  a_AT1  sacrament_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fullest_JJT  sense_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  articles_NNS  deny_VV0  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  great_JJ  sacrament_NN  without_IO  whose_PNQV$  reception_NN  no_AT1  man_NN  could_VM  call_VV0  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  Christian_NN1  .    (_(  the_AT1  seal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  ,_,  1951_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  13_MC  )_)  .  
  Lampe_NP  calls_VBZ  these_DD2    monstrous_JJ  conclusions_NNS    .  
  we_PPIS2  agree_VV0  .  
  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  historic_JJ  Anglican_JJ  teaching_NN  .  
  can_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  proved_VBN  by_IO  scripture_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  answer_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  is_VBZ  no_UH  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  this_DD1  view_NN  (_(  the_AT1    Mason-Dix_NP  line_NN    )_)  has_VHZ  been_VBN  argued_VBN  at_IO  various_JJ  times_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  hundred_MC  years_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  band_NN  of_IO  very_RG  able_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  certain_JJ  following_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  actually_RR  been_VBN  embodied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  new_JJ  confirmation_NN  rite_NN  .  
  but_CCB  most_DA  Anglicans_NP2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  ,_,  still_RR  hold_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  historic_JJ  view_NN  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1662_MC  confirmation_NN  service_NN    namely_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  confirmation_NN  is_VBZ  simply_RR  a_AT1  domestic_JJ  institution_NN  whereby_CS the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  community_NN  ,_,  acting_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  bishop_NN  as_IO  its_APP$  appointed_JJ  representative_NN  ,_,  welcomes_VBZ  into_IO  adult_JJ  fellowship_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  profession_NN  of_IO  faith_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS in_IO  baptism_NN  were_VBDR  originally_RR  received_VBN  ,_,  normally_RR  as_IO  infants_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  sponsored_JJ  members_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  congregation_NN  prays_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  spirit_NN  may_VM  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  confirmees_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  responsibilities_NNS  which_DDQ  their_APP$  increased_JJ  status_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  brings_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  to_TO  imply_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  God_NP  the_AT1  blessings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  which_DDQ  their_APP$  baptism_NN  signified_VVD      union_NN  with_IO  Christ_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  and_CC  resurrection_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  forgiveness_NN  of_IO  sins_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  birth_NN  into_IO  God's_PPIO2  family_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Church_NNL1    (_(  40_MC  )_)    are_VBR  necessarily_RR  incomplete_JJ  till_CS  confirmation_NN  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  place_NN  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  protest_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  intrusion_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  catechism_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Church_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  use_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  minority_NN  opinion_NN  which_DDQ  most_DA  Anglican_JJ  clergy_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  teaching_NN  of_IO  confirmation_NN  candidates_NNS  would_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  ignore_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  repudiate_VV0  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  radical_JJ  criticism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  passages_NNS  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  five_MC    other_DA  ministries_NNS  of_IO  grace_NN    (_(    confirmation_NN  ,_,  holy_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  holy_JJ  matrimony_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  absolution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  healing_NN    )_)  ought_VM  ,_,  we_PPIS2  suggest_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  dropped_VBN  entirely_RR  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  assumption_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  phrase_NN    other_DA  ministries_NNS  of_IO  grace_NN    evidently_RR  is_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  five_MC  cases_NNS  (_(  though_CS  ,_,  one_MC1  would_VM  gather_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  case_NN  )_)  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  officiant_NN  confers_VBZ  some_DD  special_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  God_NP  which_DDQ  would_VM  not_XX  otherwise_RR  be_VB0  received_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  earlier_RRR  how_CS clearly_RR  this_DD1  comes_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  tell-tale_JB  wording_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  about_IO  matrimony_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  assumption_NN  appears_VBZ  again_RR  when_CS absolution_NN  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  whereby_CS penitents_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  made_VBN    free_JJ  confession_NN    of_IO  their_APP$  sins_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  minister's_NN1$  presence_NN    receive_VV0  through_IO  him_PPHO1  (_(  sic_RR  )_)  the_AT1  forgiveness_NN  of_IO  God_NP    .  
  (_(  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  simply_RR  not_XX  historic_JJ  Anglican_JJ  teaching_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  party_NN  line_NN  .  
  to_TO  express_VV0  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  absolution_NN  ,_,  as_CS  witnessed_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  words_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  read_VV0  :_:    receive_VV0  through_IO  him_PPHO1  assurance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  forgiveness_NN  of_IO  God_NP      rather_DA  a_AT1  different_JJ  thing_NN  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  five_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  ministerial_JJ  action_NN  each_DD1  convey_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  grace_NN  ex_&FW  opere_&FW  operato_&FW  is_VBZ  without_IO  warrant_NN  in_IO  Anglican_JJ  theology_NN    not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  Bible_NP  !_!  
  we_PPIS2  might_VM  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  told_VBN  that_DD1  no_AT1  such_DA  assumption_NN  is_VBZ  implied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  that_PNQS   ministries_NNS  of_IO  grace_NN    means_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  God_NP  blesses_VBZ  his_APP$  faithful_JJ  people_NNS  through_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  ministerial_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  undoubted_JJ  truth_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  if_CS  nothing_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  at_RR  once_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  why_CS ,_,  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  only_RR  these_DD2  five_MC  receive_VV0  mention_NN  .  
  why_CS is_VBZ  healing_NN  specified_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  visitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  is_VBZ  not_XX  .  
  why_CS is_VBZ  absolution_NN  spoken_VBN  of_IO  while_CS  the_AT1  preaching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  out_RP  .  
  whichever_DDQ  way_NN  we_PPIS2  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  neither_LE  the_AT1  articles_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  the_AT1  prayer_NN  book_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  the_AT1  Bible_NP  ,_,  can_VM  justify_VV0  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  just_RR  these_DD2  five_MC  activities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  more_DA  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  Church's_NNL1    other_DA  ministries_NNS  of_IO  grace_NN    .  
  the_AT1  selection_NN  is_VBZ  inherently_RR  arbitrary_JJ  and_CC  untheological_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  idea_NN  behind_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  presumably_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  catechism_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  mention_VV0  one_MC1  ministerial_JJ  action_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  to_TO  correspond_VV0  with_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  Rome's_PPIO2  seven_MC  sacraments_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  obvious_JJ  reason_NN  why_CS it_PPH1  should_VM  .  
  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  its_APP$  cue_NN  from_IO  Rome_NP  and_CC  aims_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  step_NN  with_IO  Rome_NP  wherever_CS possible_JJ  is_VBZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  authentically_RR  Anglican_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  ask_VV0  again_RR  :_:  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  held_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  five_MC    ministries_NNS  of_IO  grace_NN    is_VBZ  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  essential_JJ  to_IO  salvation_NN  .  
  can_VM  the_AT1  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  said_VBN  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  about_IO  confirmation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  matrimony_NN  ,_,  and_CC  absolution_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  proved_VBN  from_IO  scripture_NN  .  
  can_VM  any_DD  warrant_NN  or_CC  sanction_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  existing_JJ  Anglican_JJ  formularies_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  stream_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  theological_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  if_CS  not_XX  (_(  and_CC  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  all_DB  three_MC  questions_NNS  is_VBZ  no_UH  )_)  ,_,  then_RL  they_PPHS2  can_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  rightful_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  catechism_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  so_PN1  much_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  material_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  complete_VV0  our_APP$  survey_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  also_RR  note_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  omitted_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  material_NN  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  deletions_NNS  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flesh_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  devil_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  baptismal_JJ  vow_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  weak_JJ  general_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO    wrong_NN    and_CC    evil_NN  .    
  (_(  we_PPIS2  gather_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  devil_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  soon_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  restored_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  rightful_JJ  place_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  specific_JJ  renunciation_NN  .  )_)  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  assertion_NN  of_IO  original_JJ  sin_NN  (_(    being_VBG  by_IO  nature_NN  born_VBN  in_IO  sin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  wrath_NN    )_)  has_VHZ  been_VBN  dropped_VBN  entirely_RR  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  disturbing_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  catechism_NN  now_RL  says_VBZ  nothing_PN1  positive_JJ  at_IO  all_DB  about_IO  man's_NN1$  lost_JJ  condition_NN  by_IO  nature_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  biblical_JJ  doctrine_NN  of_IO  original_JJ  sin_NN  (_(  under_IO  its_APP$  ecclesiastical_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  Augustinianism_NN1  )_)  is_VBZ  having_VHG  a_AT1  raw_JJ  deal_NN  in_IO  Anglican_JJ  liturgical_JJ  circles_NNS  these_DD2  days_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  ought_VM  to_TO  appear_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  unexpurgated_JJ  form_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  catechism_NN  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  catechism_NN  exists_VBZ  to_TO  teach_VV0  the_AT1  gospel_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  grace_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  grace_NN  till_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  first_RR  understood_VBN  sin_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  sanction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  commandment_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  gone_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  catechism_NN  now_RL  contains_VBZ  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  penal_JJ  wrath_NN  against_IO  sin_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  as_IO  God's_PPIO2    elect_JJ  people_NNS      the_AT1  covenant_NN  community_NN    has_VHZ  gone_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  covenant_NN  relationship_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  completely_RR  absent_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  wording_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revised_JJ  catechism_NN  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sacrament_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  visible_JJ  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  summoning_VBG  its_APP$  recipients_NNS  to_IO    faith_NN  ,_,  whereby_CS they_PPHS2  stedfastly_RR  believe_VV0  the_AT1  promises_NNS  of_IO  God_NP  made_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  that_DD1  sacrament_NN    ,_,  has_VHZ  vanished_VBN  too_RR  .  
  (_(  6_MC  )_)  .  
  so_PN1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  demand_NN  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  supper_NN  should_VM  first_RR  examine_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  Bible_NP  study_NN    Zechariah_NP  .  
  \0F_NP  \0B_NP  Hole_NP  .  
  (_(  chapters_NNS  7_MC  :_:  1-11_MC-MC  :_:  17_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  verse_NN  of_IO  chapter_NN  7_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  another_DD1  date_NN  given_VBN  ;_;  almost_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  visions_NNS  just_RR  recorded_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  prophecies_NNS  of_IO  Haggai_NP  .  
  these_DD2  fresh_JJ  prophecies_NNS  were_VBDR  occasioned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  men_NNS  with_IO  questions_NNS  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  observance_NN  of_IO  fasts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  notice_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  pass_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  visions_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  plain_JJ  declarations_NNS  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  message_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  find_VV0  repeated_VBN  not_XX  ,_,      I_PPIS1  lifted_VVD  up_RP  mine_PP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,    but_CCB  rather_RR  ,_,      the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  came_VVD  .    
  the_AT1  question_NN  raised_VBN  by_IO  these_DD2  men_NNS  concerned_VVD  a_AT1  fast_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  month_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  observed_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  from_IO  Jeremiah_NP  52_MC  :_:  12_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  that_DD1  month_NN  the_AT1  Babylonian_JJ  army_NN  had_VHD  burned_VBN  Solomon's_PPIO2  magnificent_JJ  temple_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wrecked_VBN  Jerusalem_NP  .  
  now_RL  once_RR  more_RRR  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  built_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  entirely_RR  finished_VBN  ,_,  so_RR  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  suitable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  still_RR  observe_VV0  the_AT1  fast_NN  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  natural_JJ  question_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  of_IO  God_NP  through_IO  Zechariah_NP  linked_VVD  with_IO  this_DD1  fast_NN  another_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  seventh_MD  month_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  apparently_RR  was_VBDZ  in_IO  memory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  of_IO  Gedaliah_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  flight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  remnant_NN  ,_,  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  into_IO  Egypt_NP  ,_,  as_CS  recorded_VBN  in_IO  2_MC  Kings_NP  25_MC  :_:  25_MC  ,_,  26_MC  .  
  these_DD2  tragedies_NNS  were_VBDR  commemorated_VBN  with_IO  fasting_NN  and_CC  tears_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  seventy_MC  years_NNS  captivity_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  discern_VV0  ,_,  no_AT1  direct_JJ  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  they_PPHS2  raised_VVD  :_:  instead_RR  another_DD1  question_NN  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  Jehovah_NP  before_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  observances_NNS  or_CC  only_RR  themselves_PPX2  .  
  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  fast_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  ,_,  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  return_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  eating_NN  and_CC  drinking_NN  just_RR  enjoying_VBG  themselves_PPX2  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  really_RR  fast_VV0  ,_,  enquired_VVD  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,    unto_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  here_RL  is_VBZ  deeply_RR  important_JJ  instruction_NN  for_IO  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  thus_RR  :_:  
  in_IO  our_APP$  observances_NNS  and_CC  service_NN  a_AT1  right_JJ  motive_NN  is_VBZ  everything_PN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  diligently_RR  observe_VV0  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  supper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  diligently_RR  preach_VV0  the_AT1  gospel_NN  ,_,  or_CC  minister_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  saints_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  God_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  revealed_VBN  in_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  before_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  or_CC  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  just_RR  pursuing_VBG  an_AT1  agreeable_JJ  ritual_NN  and_CC  maintaining_VBG  our_APP$  own_DA  reputations_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  a_AT1  searching_JJ  question_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  writer_NN  had_VHD  better_RRR  ask_VV0  himself_PPX1  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  readers_NNS  ask_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  people_NNS  had_VHD  kept_VBN  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  before_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  observed_VBN  his_APP$  words_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  prophets_NNS  ,_,  things_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  far_RR  otherwise_RR  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  word_NN  now_RL  through_IO  Zechariah_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  just_RR  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  through_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  take_VV0  Isaiah's_PPIO2  first_MD  chapter_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  accused_VVD  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  moral_JJ  corruption_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  maintaining_VBG  ceremonial_JJ  exactitude_NN  .  
  in_IO  verses_NNS  11-14_MC-MC  ,_,  of_IO  our_APP$  chapter_NN  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS enquired_VVD  are_VBR  reminded_VBN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  plainly_RR  challenged_VBN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  present_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  day_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  in_IO  verses_NNS  8-10_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  moral_JJ  evils_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  wrecked_VBN  the_AT1  nation_NN  were_VBDR  still_RR  working_VBG  amongst_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  .  
  a_AT1  remnant_NN  may_VM  return_VV0  but_CCB  the_AT1  inveterate_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  evils_NNS  remains_VBZ  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   never_RR  forget_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  having_VHG  exposed_VBN  the_AT1  sinful_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  another_DD1  word_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  came_VVD  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  mercy_NN  were_VBDR  revealed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  in_IO  chapter_NN  8_MC  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  remarkable_JJ  chapter_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  things_NNS  specially_RR  addressed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  remnant_NN  then_RL  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN    verses_NNS  9-17_MC-MC  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN    yet_RR  the_AT1  main_JB  drift_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  far_RR  beyond_IO  anything_PN1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  realized_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  history_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  rebuilding_VBG  as_CS  permitted_VBN  by_IO  Cyrus_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  destruction_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  ;_;  so_RR  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  second_MD  coming_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  age_NN  Jerusalem_NP  will_VM  indeed_RR  have_VH0  Jehovah_NP  dwelling_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  midst_NN  and_CC  be_VB0  called_VBN    a_AT1  city_NN  of_IO  truth_NN  .    
  once_RR  indeed_RR  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1    truth_NN    as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1    way_NN  ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1    life_NN  ,_,    was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  midst_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  rejected_VBN  and_CC  crucified_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  Pilate_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS sanctioned_VVD  that_DD1  act_NN  of_IO  rejection_NN  ,_,  asked_VVD  satirically_RR  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  truth_NN  .    
  no_UH  ,_,  Jerusalem_NP  has_VHZ  never_RR  yet_RR  been_VBN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  designation_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  coming_JJ  age_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  human_JJ  life_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  greatly_RR  prolonged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  young_JJ  life_NN  be_VB0  abundant_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  .  
  our_APP$  modern_JJ  streets_NNS  with_IO  fast-moving_JJ  motor_NN  traffic_NN  are_VBR  hardly_RR  a_AT1  playground_NN  for_IO  children_NNS  .  
  verses_NNS  6-8_MC-MC  ,_,  also_RR  look_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  pass_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  remnant_NN  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  wonderful_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  here_RL  predicted_VBN  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  wonderful_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  when_CS God_NP  would_VM  gather_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  dwell_VV0  as_IO  his_APP$  people_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  their_APP$  God_NP    in_IO  truth_NN  and_CC  righteousness_NN  .    
  in_IO  Christ_NP  truth_NN  and_CC  righteousness_NN  have_VH0  indeed_RR  been_VBN  revealed_VBN  and_CC  established_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  yet_RR  has_VHZ  God_NP  dwelt_VBN  in_IO  Jerusalem_NP  on_IO  that_DD1  basis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  when_CS he_PPHO1  will_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  in_IO  verses_NNS  9-16_MC-MC  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  remnant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  reminded_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  spoken_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  earlier_RRR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  temple_NN  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS the_AT1  adversity_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  marked_VBN  their_APP$  doings_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  turned_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  prosperity_NN  .  
  God_NP  was_VBDZ  now_RL  bestowing_VBG  much_DA  favour_NN  and_CC  prosperity_NN  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  reminded_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  for_IO  suitable_JJ  behaviour_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  part_NN  .  
  truth_NN  ,_,  honesty_NN  and_CC  righteous_JJ  judgment_NN  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  stress_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  qualities_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  according_VBG  to_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  on_IO  ceremonial_JJ  observances_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  word_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  is_VBZ  now_RL  given_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  verse_NN  19_MC  four_MC  fasts_NNS  are_VBR  mentioned_VBN  .  
  besides_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  chapter_NN  we_PPIS2  now_RL  have_VH0  the_AT1  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  month_NN  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  that_DD1  month_NN  famine_NN  prevailed_VVD  and_CC  Jerusalem_NP  was_VBDZ  broken_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Jeremiah_NP  52_MC  :_:  6_MC  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  tenth_MD  month_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  city_NN  was_VBDZ  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  Nebuchadnezzar's_PPIO2  army_NN  ,_,  as_CS  verse_NN  4_MC  of_IO  that_DD1  same_DA  chapter_NN  records_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  revealed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  day_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  when_CS these_DD2  four_MC  fasts_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  turned_VBN  into_IO  feasts_NNS  of_IO  rejoicing_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  love_VV0  truth_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  .  
  these_DD2  predictions_NNS  of_IO  future_JB  blessing_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  present_JJ  effect_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  know_VV0  of_IO  future_JB  blessing_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  present_JJ  effect_NN  or_CC  good_NN  upon_IO  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worthy_JJ  of_IO  note_NN  that_DD1  truth_NN  precedes_VBZ  peace_NN  ,_,  as_IO  cause_NN  and_CC  effect_NN  .  
  error_NN  produces_VBZ  strife_NN  just_RR  as_RG  certainly_RR  as_CS  truth_NN  produces_VBZ  peace_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  verse_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  chapter_NN  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  predictions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  happy_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  that_PNQS will_VM  prevail_VV0  when_CS truth_NN  at_RR  last_RR  prevails_VBZ  in_IO  Jerusalem_NP  ,_,  and_CC  peace_NN  fills_VBZ  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  coming_JJ  day_NN  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  will_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  ,_,    an_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  prayer_NN  for_IO  all_DB  people_NNS    (_(  \0Isa_NP  56_MC  :_:  7_MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  many_DA  who_PNQS desire_VV0  to_TO  seek_VV0  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  in_IO  prayer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  recognize_VV0  where_CS God_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  .  
  all_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  the_AT1  name_NN  ,_,    Jew_NC2  ,_,    has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  reproach_NN  attaching_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  so_PN1  then_RL  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  recognize_VV0  that_CS  at_RR  last_RR  God_NP  is_VBZ  with_IO  his_APP$  ancient_JJ  people_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  prediction_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  yet_RR  been_VBN  fulfilled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  looks_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  future_JB  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  that_PNQS opens_VBZ  chapter_NN  9_MC  is_VBZ  spoken_VBN  of_IO  as_IO  a_AT1    burden_NN  ,_,    since_CS  it_PPH1  starts_VBZ  with_IO  solemn_JJ  words_NNS  of_IO  judgment_NN  on_IO  peoples_NNS  that_PNQS surrounded_VVD  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  Israel_NP  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  judgments_NNS  took_VVD  place_NN  soon_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  predictions_NNS  were_VBDR  uttered_VBN  ;_;  that_DD1  upon_IO  Tyre_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  cities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Philistines_NP2  .  
  Darby's_PPIO2  new_JJ  translation_NN  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   that_CS  an_AT1  alternate_JJ  rendering_NN  to_IO    bastard_NC2  ,_,    is_VBZ  one_MC1    of_IO  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  race_NN  .    
  but_CCB  even_RR  so_RR  there_EX  will_VM  apparently_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  remainder_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  remnant_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  God_NP  and_CC  belong_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  however_CS powerful_JJ  oppressors_NNS  may_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  God_NP  will_VM  encamp_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  in_IO  protecting_JJ  mercy_NN  .  
  and_CC  how_CS will_VM  this_DD1  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  verses_NNS  9_MC  and_CC  10_MC  answer_VV0  this_DD1  question_NN  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  verses_NNS  the_AT1  two_MC  advents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Jesus_NP  are_VBR  brought_VBN  before_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  will_VM  settle_VV0  everything_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  imagine_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  reader_NN  of_IO  Zechariah's_PPIO2  day_NN  might_VM  pause_VV0  at_IO  this_DD1  ninth_MD  verse_NN  in_IO  amazement_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  that_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  powerful_JJ  outside_JB  outside_JB  foes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  inward_JB  defection_NN  so_RG  plainly_RR  manifested_VBN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  ,_,  some_DD  great_JJ  and_CC  majestic_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  deliverer_NN  was_VBDZ  needful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  is_VBZ  announced_VBN  as_CS  lowly_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  person_NN  and_CC  in_IO  his_APP$  approach_NN  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  salvation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  popularly_RR  expected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS inspired_VVD  this_DD1  prophecy_NN  knew_VVD  very_RG  well_RR  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  question_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  settled_VBN  before_CS  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  intervention_NN  in_IO  power_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  so_RG  ardently_RR  desired_VBN  .  
  first_RR  must_VM  come_VV0  the_AT1  bearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  penalty_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  sin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  the_AT1  divinely_RR  reached_VBN  settlement_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  dreadful_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  that_DD1  accomplished_VVD  ,_,  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  emancipation_NN  from_IO  sin's_NN1$  power_NN  .  
  this_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  set_VBN  forth_RP  typically_RR  in_IO  Exodus_NP  12_MC  and_CC  14_MC  .  
  first_RR  the_AT1  blood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lambs_NNS  in_IO  Egypt_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  deliverance_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  overthrow_NN  of_IO  Egypt_NP  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  more_RG  spectacular_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  former_DA  a_AT1  far_RR  deeper_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  gospels_NNS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  more_RG  spectacular_JJ  filled_VVD  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  disciples_NNS  .  
  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  acted_VVD  and_CC  played_VVD  their_APP$  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fulfilment_NN  of_IO  verse_NN  9_MC  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  realize_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  plainly_RR  told_VBN  in_IO  John_NP  12_MC  :_:  16_MC  .  
  only_RR  when_CS Jesus_NP  was_VBDZ  glorified_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  realize_VV0  the_AT1  true_JJ  significance_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  in_IO  Acts_NP  1_MC1  :_:  6_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  in_IO  power_NN  filled_VVD  their_APP$  thoughts_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  spirit_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  in_IO  lowly_JJ  grace_NN  was_VBDZ  but_II  little_RR  understood_VBN  or_CC  anticipated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Messiah_NP  will_VM  come_VV0  in_IO  power_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  dominion_NN  over_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  earth_NN  ,_,  as_CS  verse_NN  10_MC  declares_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  his_APP$  widespread_JJ  kingship_NN  is_VBZ  stated_VBN  here_RL  agrees_VBZ  exactly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  inspired_JJ  statement_NN  through_IO  David_NP  centuries_NNS  before_II  ,_,  written_VBN  in_IO  psalm_NN  72_MC  :_:  8_MC  .  
  when_CS David_NP  forsaw_VVD  this_DD1  by_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  desire_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  satisfied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  left_VBN  to_TO  pray_VV0  for_IO  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  last_DA  verse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  psalm_NN  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .  
  what_DDQ  our_APP$  prophet_NN  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  warfare_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  over_RP    chariot_NN  and_CC  battle_NN  bow_NN  cut_VBN  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  peace_NN  imposed_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  .  
  verse_NN  11_MC  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  word_NN  specially_RR  addressed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  sons_NNS  of_IO  Israel_NP  ,_,  for_IO  Ephraim_NP  is_VBZ  addressed_VBN  in_IO  verse_NN  13_MC  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Judah_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  like_IO  prisoners_NNS  ,_,  entrapped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  waterless_JJ  pit_NN  ,_,  waiting_VBG  and_CC  hoping_VBG  for_IO  deliverance_NN  .  
  when_CS Messiah_NP  comes_VBZ  in_IO  power_NN  deliverance_NN  will_VM  reach_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  through_IO    the_AT1  blood_NN  of_IO  thy_APP$  covenant_NN  .    
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  an_AT1  allusion_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  new_JJ  covenant_NN  of_IO  grace_NN  ,_,  predicted_VBN  in_IO  Jeremiah_NP  31_MC  :_:  31_MC  ,_,  illuminated_VBN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Jesus_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  supper_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  of_IO  ,_,    my_APP$  blood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN    (_(  \0Matt_NP  26_MC  :_:  28_MC  )_)  .  
  on_IO  that_DD1  basis_NN  only_RR  will_VM  the_AT1  deliverance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  blessing_NN  be_VB0  brought_VBN  in_RP  and_CC  firmly_RR  established_VBN  .  
  when_CS Zechariah_NP  wrote_VVD  these_DD2  things_NNS  ,_,  Greece_NP  ,_,  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  verse_NN  13_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  a_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  reckoned_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  long_RR  after_II  ,_,  under_IO  Alexander_NP  the_AT1  great_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  destined_VBN  to_TO  overthrow_VV0  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  power_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  see_VV0  therefore_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  verses_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  predictions_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  a_AT1  partial_JJ  fulfilment_NN  not_XX  long_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  prophecy_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  their_APP$  fulness_NN  they_PPHS2  look_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  predictions_NNS  that_PNQS fill_VV0  chapter_NN  10_MC  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  opens_VBZ  with_IO  solemn_JJ  words_NNS  concerning_IO  the_AT1  evils_NNS  that_PNQS still_RR  were_VBDR  practiced_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1    rain_NN    of_IO  blessing_NN  would_VM  descend_VV0  from_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  proceed_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1    idols_NNS  ,_,    or_CC    teraphim_&FW  ,_,    little_JJ  images_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  men_NNS  sought_VVD  to_TO  probe_VV0  into_IO  future_JB  events_NNS  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS came_VVD  from_IO  this_DD1  source_NN  was_VBDZ  but_II  vanity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1    shepherds_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS dealt_VVD  with_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  anger_NN  of_IO  God_NP  against_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  God_NP  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  Judah_NP  and_CC  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  judgment_NN  in_IO  some_DD  directions_NNS  .  
  had_VHD  the_AT1  passing_NN  away_RP  of_IO  one_MC1  generation_NN  in_IO  death_NN  been_VBN  normal_JJ  ,_,  could_VM  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  listed_VBN  with_IO    vanity_NN  of_IO  vanities_NNS    .  
  when_CS Adam_NP  by_IO  his_APP$  disobedience_NN  let_VVD  sin_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  death_NN  by_IO  sin_NN  ,_,  man_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  God_NP  became_VVD    subject_JJ  to_IO  vanity_NN    (_(  \0Rom_NP  8_MC  :_:  20_MC  )_)  ,_,  not_XX  willingly_RR  certainly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  hope_NN  most_RG  blessedly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  subject_JJ  to_IO  vanity_NN  nevertheless_RR  .  
  the_AT1  doom_NN  pronounced_VBN  in_IO  Genesis_NP  3_MC  :_:  19_MC      dust_NN  thou_PPY  art_VBR  and_CC  unto_IO  dust_NN  shalt_VM  thou_PPY  return_VV0    is_VBZ  seen_VBN  by_IO  Ecclesiastes_NP  as_IO  something_PN1  that_PNQS reduced_VVD  man_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  comments_VBZ    as_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  dieth_VBZ  ,_,  so_RR  dieth_VBZ  the_AT1  other_DA    (_(  3_MC  :_:  19_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  death_NN  has_VHZ  necessitated_VBN  the_AT1  successive_JJ  passing_NN  and_CC  coming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  generations_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  question_NN  arises_VBZ  ,_,  what_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  had_VHD  Adam_NP  remained_VBN  unfallen_JJ  .  
  now_RL  we_PPIS2  readily_RR  admit_VV0  that_CS  from_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  argument_NN  based_VBN  upon_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  have_VH0  happened_VBN  but_CCB  which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  is_VBZ  often_RR  futile_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  well_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  face_VV0  things_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  approach_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  question_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  chastened_JJ  spirit_NN  ,_,  admitting_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  that_CS  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  may_VM  nevertheless_RR  be_VB0  very_RG  wide_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  ,_,  some_DD  light_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  vexed_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  that_PNQS now_RL  obtain_VV0  may_VM  repay_VV0  our_APP$  modest_JJ  inquiry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  categorically_RR  stated_VBN  that_CS  God_NP  made_VVD  man_NN  upright_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  men_NNS  have_VH0  sought_VBN  out_RP  many_DA  inventions_NNS  (_(  \0Eccles_NP  7_MC  :_:  29_MC  )_)  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  go_VV0  behind_IO  the_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  Eden_NP  with_IO  this_DD1  fact_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  unfallen_JJ  Adam_NP  was_VBDZ  commanded_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  creator_NN  to_TO    be_VB0  fruitful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  multiply_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  replenish_VV0  the_AT1  earth_NN    (_(  \0Gen_NP  1_MC1  :_:  28_MC  )_)  ,_,  yet_CF  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  evident_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  time_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  continued_VVD  to_TO  increase_VV0  ,_,  nations_NNS  and_CC  rulers_NNS  would_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  facing_VBG  a_AT1  most_RG  serious_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  feeding_VBG  and_CC  supporting_VBG  these_DD2  teeming_JJ  millions_MC2  .  
  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  sad_JJ  fact_NN  now_RL  that_CS    one_MC1  generation_NN    passes_VBZ  ,_,  can_VM  the_AT1  earth_NN  continue_VV0  to_TO  support_VV0    the_AT1  generations_NNS    that_PNQS come_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  therefore_RR  that_CS  had_VHD  man_NN  not_XX  fallen_VBN  and_CC  death_NN  not_XX  intervened_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  succeeding_JJ  generations_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elect_JJ  seed_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  without_IO  break_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  provided_VBN  abundant_JJ  accommodation_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  then_RL  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  necessary_JJ  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  of_IO  years_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ages_NNS  span_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1    tares_NNS    would_VM  have_VH0  challenged_VBN  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  and_CC  occupied_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  territory_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  no_AT1  inheritance_NN  set_VBN  aside_RP  for_IO  those_DD2  predestinated_VBN  by_IO  divine_JJ  grace_NN  ,_,  ever_RR  has_VHZ  written_VBN  across_IO  it_PPH1    with_NC2  vacant_NC2  possession_NC2  .    
  in_IO  every_AT1  case_NN  a_AT1  usurper_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  dispossessed_VBN  before_CS  the_AT1  true_JJ  heirs_NNS  can_VM  take_VV0  possession_NN  ;_;  see_VV0  Deuteronomy_NP  two_MC  for_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  type_NN  .  
  the_AT1  multiplication_NN  of_IO  man_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  made_VBN  up_RP  entirely_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  ;_;  Satan_NP  sowed_VVD  his_APP$  tares_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  tares_NNS  outnumbered_VVD  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  so_RG  disproportionately_RR  that_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  that_CS  Noah_NP  was_VBDZ  grown_VBN  to_IO  manhood_NN    all_DB  flesh_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  family_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  souls_NNS  (_(  1_MC1  \0Pet_NP  3_MC  :_:  20_MC  )_)  had_VHD  so_RR  corrupted_VBN  his_APP$  way_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  completely_RR  destroyed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  (_(  \0Gen_NP  6_MC  :_:  13_MC  )_)  ,_,    everything_PN1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  shall_VM  die_VV0    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  verdict_NN  (_(  \0Gen_NP  6_MC  :_:  17_MC  )_)  and_CC      Noah_NP  only_RR  remained_VVD  alive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  that_PNQS were_VBDR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  Ark_NP    (_(  \0Gen_NP  7_MC  :_:  23_MC  )_)  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  upon_IO  emerging_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  dry_JJ  land_NN  ,_,  Noah_NP  is_VBZ  commanded_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  Adam_NP  before_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  
    be_VB0  fruitful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  multiply_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  replenish_VV0  the_AT1  earth_NN    (_(  \0Gen_NP  9_MC  :_:  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  increase_NN  in_IO  number_NN  however_RR  was_VBDZ  not_XX  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  ,_,  for_CS  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  the_AT1  Midianites_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Amalekites_NP2  came_VVD    as_IO  grasshoppers_NNS  for_IO  multitude_NN    (_(  Judges_NP  6_MC  :_:  5,7_MC  :_:  12_MC  )_)  whereas_CS  Israel_NP  were_VBDR  greatly_RR  impoverished_VBN  .  
  the_AT1    multitude_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  Canaanites_NP2  (_(  Judges_NP  4_MC  :_:  7_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  Syrians_NP2  (_(  1_MC1  Kings_NP  20_MC  :_:  13_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  Ethiopians_NP2  (_(  2_MC  \0Chron_NP  14_MC  :_:  11_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  Moab_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Ammon_NP  (_(  2_MC  \0Chron_NP  20_MC  :_:  2_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  Assyrians_NP2  (_(  2_MC  \0Chron_NP  32_MC  :_:  7_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  Babylon_NP  (_(  \0Isa_NP  13_MC  :_:  4_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  (_(  \0Isa_NP  29_MC  :_:  7_MC  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  Egypt_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Elam_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Meshech_NP  and_CC  Tubal_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Gog_NP  ;_;  and_CC  finally_RR  the_AT1  multitudes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  of_IO  decision_NN  (_(  Joel_NP  3_MC  :_:  14_MC  )_)  ,_,  indicate_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  menace_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  multiplying_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  nations_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  wheat_NN  ,_,  smothered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  charlock_NN  and_CC  poppy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  passages_NNS  which_DDQ  speak_VV0  of_IO  Israel_NP  being_VBG  a_AT1  multitude_NN  are_VBR  well_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  two_MC  passages_NNS  ,_,  namely_RR  Genesis_NP  28_MC  :_:  3_MC  and_CC  48_MC  :_:  4_MC  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  corrected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0A.V_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  there_RL  translated_VBN    multitude_NC2    is_VBZ  the_AT1  Hebrew_JJ  word_NN  gahal_&FW  meaning_VBG    a_AT1  called_VBN  out_RP  assembly_NN    ,_,  or_CC  as_CS  Stephen_NP  says_VBZ    the_AT1  church_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wilderness_NN    (_(  Acts_NP  7_MC  :_:  38_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  no_AT1  connexion_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  number_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  promise_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_IO  Abraham_NP  that_CS  his_APP$  seed_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  like_IO  the_AT1  stars_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dust_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sand_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  numbered_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  had_VHD  said_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1      ye_PPY  were_VBDR  the_AT1  fewest_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  people_NNS    (_(  \0Deut_NP  7_MC  :_:  7_MC  )_)  although_CS  from_IO  being_VBG    three_MC  score_NN  and_CC  ten_MC  persons_NNS    they_PPHS2  had_VHD  become_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  Moses_NP  wrote_VVD    as_IO  the_AT1  stars_NNS  of_IO  heaven_NN  for_IO  multitude_NN    (_(  \0Deut_NP  10_MC  :_:  22_MC  )_)  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  millennium_NN  the_AT1  evil_JJ  seed_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  numerous_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  likened_VBN  in_IO  number_NN  to_IO    the_AT1  sand_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN    ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  up_RP  on_IO    the_AT1  breadth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN    (_(  \0Rev_NP  20_MC  :_:  8,9_MC  )_)  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  nations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  will_VM  become_VV0  so_RR  decimated_VBN  by_IO  war_NN  ,_,  famine_NN  and_CC  self_NN  destruction_NN  that_CS  Zechariah_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO    every_AT1  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  left_VBN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  come_VV0  against_IO  Jerusalem_NP    (_(  Zech_NP  14_MC  :_:  16_MC  )_)  !_!  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thus_RR  that_CS  Israel_NP  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  vehicle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  come_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  for_CS  then_RL      Israel_NP  shall_VM  blossom_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  bud_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  fill_VV0  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  with_IO  fruit_NN    (_(  \0Isa_NP  27_MC  :_:  6_MC  )_)  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  then_RL  that_CS  they_PPHS2    enlarge_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  tent_NN    and_CC  their_APP$  seed_NN    shall_VM  inherit_VV0  the_AT1  gentiles_NNS    (_(  \0Isa_NP  54_MC  :_:  3_MC  )_)  even_RR  as_CS  their_APP$  fathers_NNS  in_IO  small_JJ  yet_CF  typical_JJ  measure_NN    inherited_VVD    the_AT1  land_NN  held_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Amorite_NN1  (_(  \0Deut_NP  2_MC  :_:  31_MC  )_)  .  
  coming_VBG  back_RP  from_IO  this_DD1  survey_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Adam_NP  ,_,  and_CC  supposing_VBG  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Adam_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  fall_NN  ,_,  that_CS  neither_LE  sin_NN  nor_CC  death_NN  were_VBDR  factors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  consequently_RR  redemption_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  shedding_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  unknown_JJ  and_CC  unnecessary_JJ  ,_,  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   think_VV0  further_RRR  along_IO  this_DD1  line_NN  .  
  Hebrews_NP  2_MC  :_:  14_MC  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  saviour_NN  took_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  flesh_NN  and_CC  blood_NN  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  kinsman-redeemer_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  seed_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  John_NP  1_MC1  :_:  14_MC  reveals_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  flesh_NN  so_CS  that_CS  of_IO  his_APP$  fulness_NN  we_PPIS2  all_DB  might_VM  receive_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  as_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  made_VBN  flesh_NN  revealed_VBN  to_IO  man_NN  the_AT1  Father_NNSB1  (_(  John_NP  1_MC1  :_:  18_MC  )_)  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  something_PN1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  of_IO  belief_NN  that_CS  ,_,  had_VHD  there_EX  been_VBN  no_AT1  sin_NN  ,_,  even_RR  then_RL  God_NP  would_VM  still_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  manifest_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  virgin_JB  birth_NN  that_PNQS took_VVD  place_NN  about_RR  4,000_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  man_NN  ,_,  but_II  the_AT1  postponement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  glorious_JJ  and_CC  miraculous_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS had_VHD  it_PPH1  not_XX  been_VBN  for_IO  sin_NN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  of_IO  Eden_NP  before_CS  any_DD  other_DA  children_NNS  were_VBDR  born_VBN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  this_DD1  that_PNQS lies_VBZ  behind_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  temptation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fall_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  close_JJ  connexion_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  seeds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  childbirth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  Cain_NP  who_PNQS turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0    of_IO  the_AT1  wicked_JJ  one_MC1    .  
  we_PPIS2  ask_VV0  these_DD2  questions_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  entertain_VV0  our_APP$  theories_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  questions_NNS  and_CC  theories_NNS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  remain_VV0  .  
  had_VHD  the_AT1  coming_NN  in_RP  of_IO  death_NN  not_XX  made_VBN  the_AT1  successive_JJ  generations_NNS  follow_VV0  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  that_PNQS preceded_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  full_JJ  tale_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  chosen_VBN  either_LE  before_IO  or_CC  since_IO  the_AT1  overthrow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  early_RR  reached_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  translation_NN  from_IO  Adam_NP  to_IO  Christ_NP  effected_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  different_JJ  spheres_NNS  of_IO  predestinated_JJ  glory_NN  entered_VBN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  evil_JJ  seed_NNS  jostle_VV0  the_AT1  true_JJ  heirs_NNS  for_IO  room_NN  and_CC  many_DA  times_NNS  overrun_VV0  them_PPHO1  and_CC  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  down_RP  both_DB2  in_IO  number_NN  and_CC  in_IO  possessions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  character_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  age_NN  turns_VBZ  the_AT1  true_JJ  heirs_NNS  into_IO  pilgrims_NNS  and_CC  strangers_NNS  yet_CF  it_PPH1  still_RR  stands_VBZ  written_VBN      the_AT1  meek_JJ  shall_VM  inherit_VV0  the_AT1  earth_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sermon_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  mount_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  psalm_NN  thirty-seven_MC  where_CS the_AT1  believer_NN  is_VBZ  told_VBN  to_TO  fret_VV0  not_XX  because_IO  of_II  evil_NN  doers_NNS  .  for_CS  yet_RR  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wicked_JJ  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  (_(  \0Ps_NP  37_MC  :_:  9,10_MC  )_)  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  consequence_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  actually_RR  occurred_VVD  in_IO  Genesis_NP  three_MC  ,_,  Christ_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  revealed_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  kinsman-redeemer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  resurrection_NN  now_RL  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1  gate_NN  to_IO  glory_NN  .  
  doubtless_RR  all_DB  has_VHZ  been_VBN  overruled_VBN  by_IO  divine_JJ  love_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rugged_JJ  pathway_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  walk_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  attacks_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  snares_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  evil_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  all_DB  contribute_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  essential_JJ  experience_NN  which_DDQ  arising_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  patience_NN  ,_,  ultimately_RR  leads_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  hope_NN  that_PNQS maketh_VBZ  not_XX  ashamed_JJ  (_(  \0Rom_NP  5_MC  :_:  4,5_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  scripture_NN  speaks_VBZ  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  of_IO  a_AT1    book_NN  of_IO  life_NN    ,_,  Paul_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  it_PPH1  saying_VBG  ,_,      my_APP$  fellow_JB  labourers_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN    (_(  \0Phil_NP  4_MC  :_:  3_MC  )_)  ,_,  showing_VBG  that_CS  those_DD2  called_VBN  during_IO  his_APP$  prison_NN  ministry_NN  have_VH0  their_APP$  names_NNS  therein_RR  .  
  in_IO  Revelation_NP  3_MC  :_:  5_MC  the_AT1  divine_JJ  promise_NN  strengthens_VBZ  the_AT1  overcomer_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  fight_NN  by_IO  assuring_VBG  him_PPHO1  that_CS      I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  blot_VV0  out_RP  his_APP$  name_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  reader_NN  may_VM  find_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  turning_VBG  to_IO  Revelation_NP  22_MC  :_:  19_MC  where_CS we_PPIS2  read_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  \0A.V_NN      God_NP  shall_VM  take_VV0  away_RP  his_APP$  part_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN    whereas_CS  the_AT1  \0R.V_NN  reads_VBZ    from_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  of_IO  life_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  texts_NNS  .  
  those_DD2    whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN    will_VM  worship_VV0  the_AT1  beast_NN  (_(  \0Rev_NP  13_MC  :_:  8_MC  )_)  ,_,  even_RR  as_CS  Revelation_NP  17_MC  :_:  8_MC  reveals_VBZ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  white_JJ  throne_NN  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  forward_RR  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  keep_VV0  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  wording_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inspired_JJ  original_NN  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  
    and_CC  if_CS  any_DD  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  found_VBN  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  cast_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  of_IO  fire_NN    (_(  \0Rev_NP  10_MC  :_:  15_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  prominence_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Revelation_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  because_CS  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  is_VBZ  imminent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  refers_VBZ  particularly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  overcomer_NN  .  
  see_VV0  millennial_JJ  studies_NNS  in_IO  \0Vol_NN  39_MC  .  
  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  that_DD1  book_NN  will_VM  never_RR  apostatize_VV0  ;_;  the_AT1  false_JJ  seed_NN  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  were_VBDR  never_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  book_NN  will_VM  follow_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  course_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  seed_NN  will_VM  miss_VV0  the_AT1  glory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  millennial_JJ  kingdom_NN  and_CC  other_DA  spheres_NNS  of_IO  blessing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  not_XX  emerge_VV0  until_CS  the_AT1  great_JJ  white_JJ  throne_NN  is_VBZ  set_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  there_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  revealed_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  written_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  pass_VV0  on_RP  into_IO  life_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  life_NN  indeed_RR  .  
  a_AT1  prayerful_JJ  reading_NN  of_IO  psalm_NN  139_MC  would_VM  be_VB0  extremely_RR  helpful_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  following_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  quotation_NN  :_:  
    my_APP$  substance_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  hid_VBN  from_IO  thee_PPY  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  secret_NN  ,_,  and_CC  curiously_RR  wrought_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
    thine_APP$  eyes_NNS  did_VDD  see_VV0  my_APP$  substance_NN  ,_,  yet_RR  being_VBG  unperfect_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  thy_APP$  book_NN  all_DB  my_APP$  members_NNS  were_VBDR  written_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  continuance_NN  were_VBDR  fashioned_VBN  when_CS as_RR  yet_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1    (_(  \0Ps_NP  139_MC  :_:  15,16_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  conflict_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  seeds_NNS  arose_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  disobedience_NN  of_IO  man_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  evil_JJ  (_(  \0Gen_NP  3_MC  )_)  .  
  when_CS writing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  believers_NNS  at_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  apostle_NN  Paul_NP  said_VVD  concerning_IO  some_DD  that_CS      by_IO  good_JJ  words_NNS  and_CC  fair_JJ  speeches_NNS  they_PPHS2  deceived_VVD  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ    (_(  \0Rom_NP  16_MC  :_:  18_MC  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  speak_VV0  of_IO  their_APP$    obedience_NN    saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  them_PPHO1  wise_JJ  unto_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  good_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  concerning_IO  evil_NN  .  
  now_RL  this_DD1  word_NN    simple_NC2    akeraios_&FW  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  proverb_NN    wise_JJ  as_IO  serpents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  harmless_JJ  as_IO  doves_NNS    (_(  \0Matt_NP  10_MC  :_:  16_MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  simplicity_NN  inculcated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  apostle_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  marked_JJ  contrast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  subtlety_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  serpent_NN  .  
  these_DD2  words_NNS  occur_VV0  just_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  concluding_JJ  section_NN  which_DDQ  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  revelation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  kept_VBN  in_IO  silence_NN  (_(  \0Rom_NP  16_MC  :_:  25-27_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  mystery_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  elsewhere_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  relationship_NN  that_PNQS exists_VBZ  between_IO  Adam_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  fall_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  seed_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  no_AT1  surprise_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  Romans_NP2  16_MC  :_:  20_MC  immediately_RR  following_IO  these_DD2  words_NNS  that_PNQS remind_VV0  us_PPIO2   of_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  most_RG  definite_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  Genesis_NP  three_MC  .  
  Christ_NP  Church_NNL1  .  
  Coventry_NP  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  article_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  vicar_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Robin_NP  \0H_NP  Blandford_NP  .  
  roughly_RR  four_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  privilege_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  for_IO  Church_NNL1  and_CC  people_NNS  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  how_CS our_APP$  church_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  destroyed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  rebuilt_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  site_NN  here_RL  in_IO  Coventry_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_RRR  needed_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  since_IO  then_RL  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  temptation_NN  to_IO  any_DD  Vicar_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  devil_NN  sees_VBZ  to_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  kept_VBN  humble_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS full_JJ  of_IO  joy_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  God_NP  in_IO  our_APP$  midst_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  outlined_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  previous_JJ  article_NN  our_APP$  lay_JB  workers_NNS  scheme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parish_NN  was_VBDZ  divided_VBN  up_RP  into_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  fifty_MC  houses_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  lay_JB  worker_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  oversight_NN  of_IO  and_CC  responsibility_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  such_DA  group_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  houses_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  thousand_MC  houses_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  parish_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_DD1  meant_VVD  forty_MC  lay_JB  workers_NNS  were_VBDR  needed_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  forthcoming_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  congregation_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  survived_VBN  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  worshipped_VBN  for_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  mission_NN  church_NN  lent_VBN  us_PPIO2   by_IO  the_AT1  Cathedral_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  keen_JJ  Christian_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  consented_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  fourteen-week_JB  course_NN  after_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  commissioned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  .  
  we_PPIS2  covered_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  parish_NN  ,_,  calling_VBG  on_IO  every_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  distributing_VBG  a_AT1  free_JJ  magazine_NN  and_CC  asking_VBG  particulars_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  household_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  card_NN  index_NN  system_NN  .  
  later_RRR  another_DD1  visit_NN  at_IO  every_AT1  house_NN  yielded_VVD  a_AT1  crop_NN  of_IO  orders_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN  resulting_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  overall_JB  monthly_JJ  figure_NN  now_RL  of_IO  one_MC1  thousand_MC  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  copies_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  parish_NN  of_IO  two_MC  thousand_MC  houses_NNS  (_(  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  magazine_NN  editor_NN  !_!  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  lay_JB  workers_NNS  are_VBR  like_IO  the_AT1  veins_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  bring_VV0  life_NN  to_IO  every_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  gain_VV0  access_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  regular_JJ  monthly_JJ  visit_NN  keeps_VBZ  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  cases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  every_AT1  need_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  crops_VBZ  up_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  fair_JJ  to_IO  ourselves_PPX2  to_TO  say_VV0  here_RL  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  our_APP$  parish_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  by_IO  areas_NNS  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  two_MC  other_DA  parishes_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  likely_JJ  to_TO  attend_VV0  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  were_VBDR  already_RR  doing_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  some_DD  reason_NN  existed_VVD  for_IO  their_APP$  changing_VBG  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  only_RR  the_AT1  sub-soil_NN  to_TO  work_VV0  on_IO  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  live_JJ  baptist_NN  Church_NNL1  within_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  beginning_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  congregations_NNS  we_PPIS2  worshipped_VVD  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Church_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  while_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  Church_NNL1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  built_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  seating_VBG  about_RR  100_MC  (_(  when_CS set_VBN  out_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  with_IO  choir_NN  stalls_NNS  )_)  ,_,  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  nearly_RR  full_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  rather_RR  dreaded_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS that_DD1  number_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  sit_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  holds_VBZ  three_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  thirty_MC  .  
  that_DD1  day_NN  came_VVD  after_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  after_IO  worshipping_VBG  in_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  morning_NN  congregation_NN  of_IO  about_RR  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  including_IO  the_AT1    children's_NN2  church_NN    which_DDQ  leaves_VBZ  during_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  evening_NN  congregation_NN  of_IO  about_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  .  
  this_DD1  evening_NN  congregation_NN  contains_VBZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  cheering_JJ  sight_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  hymn-singing_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  forty_MC  or_CC  fifty_MC  stay_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  carefully_RR  planned_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  special_JJ  item_NN  every_AT1  Sunday_NN1  and_CC  organized_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  young_JJ  day_NN  School_NNL1  teachers_NNS  in_IO  turn_NN  .  
  Sunday_NN1  School_NNL1  and_CC  Bible_NP  classes_NNS  number_VV0  about_RR  three_MC  hundred_MC  .  
  every_AT1  available_JJ  space_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  and_CC  all_DB  ten_MC  classrooms_NNS  are_VBR  filled_VBN  and_CC  now_RL  two_MC  primary_JJ  classes_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  church_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  a_AT1  girls'_NN2  Bible_NP  class_NN  numbers_VBZ  about_RR  fifty_MC  and_CC  divides_VBZ  into_IO  four_MC  groups_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  boys'_NN2  Bible_NP  class_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  much_DA  less_DA  and_CC  divides_VBZ  into_IO  two_MC  groups_NNS  .  
  mid-week_NN  activities_NNS  .  
  weekday_NN  organizations_NNS  form_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  church_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  try_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  age_NN  group_NN  and_CC  stage_NN  of_IO  Christian_JJ  development_NN  .  
  for_IO  women_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  devotional_JJ  meeting_NN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  women's_NN2  guild_NN  on_IO  alternate_JJ  Thursday_NN1  evenings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  young_JJ  wives'_NN2  fellowship_NN  on_IO  alternate_JJ  Sunday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  .  
  men_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  numerous_JJ  yet_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  recently_RR  formed_VBN  \0C.E.M.S_NP  branch_NN  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  have_VH0  an_AT1  entirely_RR  Christian_JJ  programme_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  are_VBR  studying_VBG  the_AT1  39_MC  articles_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  mixed_JJ  Bible_NP  study_NN  and_CC  discussion_NN  group_NN  meets_VBZ  every_AT1  Tuesday_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  vicarage_NN  and_CC  other_DA  men_NNS  attend_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  our_APP$  uniformed_JJ  organization_NN  for_IO  children_NNS  is_VBZ  campaigners_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  proves_VBZ  very_RG  effective_JJ  and_CC  efficient_JJ  ,_,  numbers_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  clans_NNS  exceeding_VBG  a_AT1  hundred_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  greatly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  credit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chiefs_NNSB2  that_CS  the_AT1  elder_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  go_VV0  on_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  craftsmen_NNS  clans_NNS  in_IO  good_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  many_DA  keen_JJ  Christians_NP2  have_VH0  emerged_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  organization_NN  .  
  teenagers_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  sexes_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  provided_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  people's_NN2  fellowship_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  attendance_NN  of_IO  about_RR  forty_MC  in_IO  term_NN  time_NN  and_CC  fifty_MC  or_CC  more_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  vacations_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  first_MD  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  based_VBN  this_DD1  on_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN    Christ_NP  first_RR  and_CC  no_AT1  apologies_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  many_DA  conversions_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  deep_JJ  Christian_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  admirably_RR  run_VBN  local_JJ  youth_NN  for_IO  Christ_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  blessing_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  too_RR  .  
  for_IO  recreation_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  games_NNS  (_(  badminton_NN  ,_,  table_NN  tennis_NN  ,_,  skittles_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  on_IO  all_DB  available_JJ  Saturdays_NN2  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  for_IO  members_NNS  only_RR  except_CS  that_CS  visitors_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  invited_VBN  for_IO  three_MC  occasions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  after_IO  that_DD1  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  join_VV0  the_AT1  young_JJ  people's_NN2  fellowship_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  coming_VBG  .  
  in_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  may_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  once_RR  .  
  a_AT1  not_XX  overlarge_JJ  but_CCB  very_RG  much_RR  alive_JJ  prayer_NN  meeting_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  every_AT1  Friday_NN1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  years_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  here_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  the_AT1  great_JJ  joy_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  two_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  young_JJ  men_NNS  reach_VV0  the_AT1  ministry_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  outstanding_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  two_MC  are_VBR  in_IO  training_VBG  now_RL  and_CC  three_MC  more_DA  have_VH0  applied_VBN  for_IO  interviews_NNS  with_IO  \0C.A.C.T.M_NP  or_CC  already_RR  attended_VBN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  other_DA  is_VBZ  reaching_VBG  that_DD1  point_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  church_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  further_JB  joy_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  three_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  congregation_NN  admitted_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  lay_JB  readers_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  service_NN  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  men_NNS  of_IO  exceptional_JJ  calibre_NN  .  
  this_DD1  brings_VBZ  our_APP$  available_JJ  lay_JB  readers_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  five_MC  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  these_DD2  young_JJ  men_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  church_NN  but_CCB  some_DD  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  outside_NN  at_IO  various_JJ  stages_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  Christian_JJ  growth_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  made_VBN  this_DD1  their_APP$  spiritual_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  thank_VV0  God_NP  for_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  gift_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  something_PN1  for_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  can_VM  praise_VV0  God_NP  that_CS  a_AT1  congregation_NN  of_IO  strongly_RR  evangelical_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  one_MC1  from_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  now_RL  are_VBR  ,_,  have_VH0  merged_VBN  together_RR  well_RR  with_IO  scarcely_RR  a_AT1  note_NN  of_IO  discord_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  indeed_RR  privileged_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  such_DA  wonderful_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  modern_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  surprise_NN  and_CC  admiration_NN  of_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS see_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  hall_NN  (_(  hardly_RR  the_AT1  word_NN  to_TO  describe_VV0  many_DA  church_NN  halls_NNS  !_!  )_)  with_IO  ten_MC  classrooms_NNS  alongside_II  ,_,  adjustable_JJ  to_IO  four_MC  by_IO  moving_JJ  screens_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  caretaker's_NN1$  house_NN  and_CC  vicarage_NN  ,_,  all_DB  in_IO  one_MC1  short_JJ  road_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  thankfully_RR  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  diocese_NN  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  very_RG  much_RR  further_RRR  afield_RR  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  help_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  house_VV0  .  
  dowdy_JJ  buildings_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  glorify_VV0  God_NP  nor_CC  attract_VV0  people_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  is_VBZ  all_DB  this_DD1  expensive_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  and_CC  keep_VV0  up_RP  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  compute_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  monthly_JJ  income_NN  of_IO  *+170_NNU  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  bicycle_NN  ;_;  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  keep_VV0  moving_VBG  or_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  keep_VV0  going_VBG  :_:  a_AT1  challenge_NN  and_CC  incentive_NN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  spiritual_JJ  church_NN  life_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  warden_NN  of_IO  Mabledon_NP  .  
  glancing_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  impressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  Christian_JJ  interests_NNS  represented_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  coming_VBG  to_TO  stay_VV0  for_IO  longer_JJ  or_CC  shorter_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  houseparties_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  and_CC  building-up_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  Christians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  :_:  missionary_JJ  societies_NNS  have_VH0  brought_VBN  their_APP$  home_NN1  staffs_NNS  or_CC  council_NN  members_NNS  for_IO  fellowship_NN  in_IO  prayer_NN  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  mutual_JJ  problems_NNS  and_CC  opportunities_NNS  :_:  parishes_NNS  have_VH0  allowed_VBN  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  be_VB0  bereft_VBN  of_IO  clergy_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  congregation_NN  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  parish_NN  weekend_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  spent_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  routine_NN  .  
  one_MC1  such_DA  group_NN  recently_RR  brought_VBN  whole_JJ  families_NNS    father_NN  ,_,  mother_NN  ,_,  and_CC  children_NNS  .  
  two_MC  mission_NN  fields_NNS  .  
    a_AT1  house-going_JJ  parson_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  church-going_JJ  people_NN      so_PN1  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  at_IO  college_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  believed_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  \0C.P-A.S_NP  slogan_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  travelling_VBG  home_NN1  from_IO  central_JJ  Africa_NP  eight_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  Liverpool_NP  parish_NN  I_PPIS1  resolved_VVD  that_CS  house_NN  visiting_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  priority_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  convinced_VBN  people_NNS  were_VBDR  hungry_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP    
    preach_VV0  the_AT1  gospel_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  fill_VV0  the_AT1  church_NN    .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  grace_NN  of_IO  God_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  good_JJ  hand_NN  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  for_IO  seven_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  acted_VBN  on_IO  these_DD2  convictions_NNS  only_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  neither_LE  seems_VBZ  to_TO  apply_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  field_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  visiting_VBG  and_CC  the_AT1  scripture_NN  message_NN  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  my_APP$  priorities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  let_VV0  ordinands_NNS  and_CC  young_JJ  clergy_NNS  be_VB0  saved_VBN  from_IO  false_JJ  optimism_NN  !_!  
  whilst_CS  not_XX  regretting_VBG  acting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  false_JJ  assumption_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  why_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  small_JJ  response_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  Liverpool_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  gospel_NN  which_DDQ  brought_VVD  Africans_NP2  flocking_VBG  to_IO  our_APP$  mission_NN  churches_NNS  and_CC  preaching_NN  places_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  to_TO  hear_VV0  but_CCB  to_TO  receive_VV0  .  
  some_DD  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  Africa_NP  was_VBDZ  pre-Christian_JJ  ,_,  whereas_CS  Liverpool_NP  is_VBZ  post-Christian_JJ  .  
    all_DB  have_VH0  sinned_VBN  and_CC  come_VBN  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  glory_NN  of_IO  God_NP      it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  unnecessary_JJ  to_TO  persuade_VV0  Africans_NP2  of_IO  this_DD1  truth_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  only_RR  too_RG  conscious_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  need_NN  .  
  in_IO  twenty-two_MC  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  never_RR  heard_VVD  one_MC1  claim_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  ,_,  or_CC  better_JJ  than_IO  ,_,  his_APP$  neighbours_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  my_APP$  parishioners_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  conscious_JJ  of_IO  sin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  generally_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  satisfied_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  better_JJ  than_IO  their_APP$  neighbours_NNS  (_(  or_CC  to_TO  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  !_!  )_)  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  conscious_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  saviour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  flock_VV0  to_IO  church_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  readily_RR  agree_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  African_JJ  brethren_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  such_DA  counter-attractions_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  caravan_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  amusements_NNS  ,_,  \0T.V_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sunday_NN1  work_NN  at_IO  double_JJ  pay_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  village_NN  dances_NNS  ,_,  beer_NN  orgies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  cultivation_NN  (_(  by_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  lived_VVD  )_)  were_VBDR  just_RR  as_RG  important_JJ  .  
  some_DD  contrasts_NNS  might_VM  enable_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  draw_VV0  a_AT1  conclusion_NN  .  
  revealing_JJ  contrasts_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  African_JJ  village_NN  teachers_NNS  were_VBDR  primarily_RR  evangelists_NNS  and_CC  through_IO  their_APP$  ministry_NN    enquirers_NNS    into_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  faith_NN  were_VBDR  enrolled_VBN  and_CC  instructed_VBN  .  
  those_DD2  determined_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  forward_RR  for_IO  baptism_NN  were_VBDR  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1    catechumenate_NN    .  
  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  regular_JJ  instruction_NN  and_CC  testing_NN  before_CS  candidates_NNS  were_VBDR  accepted_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  baptism_NN  class_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pastor_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfied_VBN  (_(  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  )_)  that_CS  each_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  born-again_JB  Christian_JJ  .  
  whether_CS  the_AT1  baptism_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  truly_RR  symbolized_VVD  the_AT1  sinner_NN  being_VBG  buried_VBN  with_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  and_CC  raised_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  to_IO  newness_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  every_AT1  baptized_JJ  person_NN  knew_VVD  indeed_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  washing_NN  of_IO  water_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  outward_JB  sign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cleansing_NN  from_IO  sin_NN  within_II  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sad_JJ  to_TO  recollect_VV0  that_CS  probably_RR  less_DA  than_IO  ten_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  enquirers_NNS  were_VBDR  baptized_VBN    but_CCB  the_AT1  general_JJ  leakage_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  was_VBDZ  before_IO  baptism_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Bede's_PPIO2  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  normal_JJ  request_NN  for_IO  baptism_NN  was_VBDZ  
    Mum_NNSB1  says_VBZ  will_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  the_AT1  baby_NN  next_DA  Sunday_NN1    .  
  my_APP$  insistence_NN  on_IO  personal_JJ  interviews_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  presence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  baptism_NN  frequently_RR  meant_VVD  they_PPHS2  just_RR  went_VVD  elsewhere_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  babies_NNS    done_VBN    .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  shocked_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  congregation_NN  objecting_VBG  to_IO  baptisms_NNS  during_IO  morning_NN  prayer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  long_JJ  hard_JJ  struggle_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  the_AT1  norm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  parents_NNS  and_CC  godparents_NNS  to_TO  realize_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  such_DA  an_AT1  important_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  very_RG  particular_JJ  preparation_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  congregation_NN  will_VM  say_VV0  together_RR  in_IO  sincerity_NN      we_PPIS2  receive_VV0  this_DD1  child_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  congregation_NN  of_IO  Christ's_PPIO2  flock_NN  .    ,_,  and_CC  usually_RR  parents_NNS  are_VBR  appreciative_JJ  of_IO  our_APP$  methods_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  visited_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  twice_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  baptism_NN  and_CC  monthly_RR  for_IO  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  bring_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  Church_NNL1    we_PPIS2  still_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  to_TO  reach_VV0  our_APP$  African_JJ  Church_NNL1  standard_NN  .  
  a_AT1  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  faith_NN  .  
  by_IO  Brother_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  reproduces_VBZ  the_AT1  argument_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  identity_NN  amid_IO  atomic_JJ  change_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  answered_VBN  on_IO  page_NN  34_MC  of_IO  twelve_MC  lectures_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  remark_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  called_VBN  for_IO  here_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  bases_VBZ  the_AT1  argument_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  fallacy_NN  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  substance_NN  from_IO  waste_NN  and_CC  nutrition_NN  ,_,    his_APP$  personality_NN  undergoes_VBZ  no_AT1  corresponding_JJ  change_NN  .    
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  true_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  forty_MC  feels_VBZ  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  very_RG  different_JJ  person_NN  from_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  ten_MC  .  
  an_AT1  entire_JB  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  consciousness_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  universal_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  that_CS  as_CS  years_NNS  roll_VV0  by_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  change_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  tastes_NNS  change_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  character_NN  changes_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  voice_NN  changes_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  personal_JJ  physique_NN  changes_VBZ    everything_PN1  changes_VBZ  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  changes_NNS  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  circumstances_NNS  .  
  why_CS .  
  because_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  material_NN  introduced_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  nutrition_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  directed_VBN  into_IO  new_JJ  shapes_NNS  and_CC  forms_NNS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  activities_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  its_APP$  absorption_NN  is_VBZ  guided_VBN  and_CC  determined_VBN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  goes_VBZ  to_IO  sea_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  muscles_NNS  and_CC  vital_JJ  organs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bony_JJ  framework_NN  are_VBR  in_IO  continual_JJ  occupation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  nutritive_JJ  elements_NNS  are_VBR  consequently_RR  more_RG  largely_RR  made_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  ,_,  in_IO  building_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  being_NN  ,_,  than_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  send_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  college_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  result_NN  .  
  activity_NN  of_IO  brain_NN  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  into_IO  play_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  neglect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bodily_JJ  functions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  consequence_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  brain_NN  monopolises_VBZ  the_AT1  nutritive_JJ  supply_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  developed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  detriment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  merely_RR  physical_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  feeble_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  than_IO  his_APP$  sea-faring_JJ  Brother_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  his_APP$  mind_NN  very_RG  differently_RR  constituted_VBN  from_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  brought_VBN  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  plough_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  assumption_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  personality_NN  undergoes_VBZ  no_AT1  change_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  material_JJ  substitution_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  undergoes_VBZ  many_DA  changes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  himself_PPX1  the_AT1  same_DA  individual_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  impressions_NNS  originally_RR  constituting_VBG  his_APP$  individuality_NN  are_VBR  perpetuated_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  modified_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  let_VV0  a_AT1    stroke_NN    affect_VV0  the_AT1  brain_NN  throughout_II  ,_,  and_CC  obliterate_VV0  original_JJ  impressions_NNS  (_(  of_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  cases_NNS  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  person's_NN1$  individuality_NN  vanishes_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  forgets_VBZ  who_PNQS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  begins_VBZ  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  individuality_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  new_JJ  impressions_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  his_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  receive_VV0  new_JJ  impressions_NNS  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  destroyed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  calamity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  is_VBZ  within_IO  the_AT1  writer's_NN1$  experience_NN  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  lapse_NN  of_IO  memory_NN  ,_,  necessitating_VBG  the_AT1  re-formation_NN  of_IO  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  friends_NNS  ,_,  places_NNS  ,_,  habits_NNS  and_CC  everything_PN1  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  education_NN  as_RG  quickly_RR  disappeared_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  memories_NNS  returned_VBN  .  
  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  theory_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  inexplicable_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  brain_NN    thinks_VBZ  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  organization_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  susceptible_JJ  of_IO  explanation_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  denies_VBZ  the_AT1  transmissibility_NN  of_IO  qualities_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  himself_PPX1  compelled_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  to_TO  save_VV0  his_APP$  argument_NN  on_IO  continuous_JJ  identity_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  yielding_VBG  to_IO  theoretical_JJ  exigency_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  convicts_VBZ  himself_PPX1  of_IO  either_LE  ignorance_NN  or_CC  recklessness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  argument_NN  he_PPHO1  relies_VBZ  upon_IO  disproves_VBZ  his_APP$  denial_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  the_AT1  body_NN    changes_VBZ  throughout_II  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  seventy_MC  does_VBZ  not_XX  contain_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  particle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  composed_VVD  it_PPH1  at_IO  seven_MC  .    
  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  how_CS does_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  of_IO  dark_JJ  complexion_NN  ,_,  eating_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  food_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  of_IO  light_JJ  complexion_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  dark_JJ  complexioned_JJ  till_IO  death_NN  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  ;_;  how_CS does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  permanence_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  organic_JJ  qualities_NNS  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  quality_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  succeeding_JJ  atoms_NNS  of_IO  nutrition_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  answer_NN  is_VBZ    they_PPHS2  assume_VV0  similar_JJ  qualities_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .    
  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  pick_VV0  up_RP  nothing_PN1  from_IO  their_APP$  predecessors_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  how_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  that_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  flour_NN  and_CC  mutton_NN  eaten_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  table_NN  will_VM  turn_VV0  to_IO  four_MC  different_JJ  conditions_NNS  as_IO  regards_II  colour_NN  and_CC  organic_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  in_IO  four_MC  different_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  the_AT1  existing_JJ  organism_NN  that_PNQS determines_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  and_CC  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  material_NN  introduced_VBN  .  and_CC  how_CS could_VM  this_DD1  be_VB0  ,_,  except_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  transmission_NN  of_IO  quality_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  finally_RR  surrenders_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  case_NN  against_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ    they_PPHS2  enter_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  laws_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  as_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  the_AT1  old_JJ  have_VH0  quitted_VBN  .    
  precisely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  explains_VBZ  continuous_JJ  identity_NN  amid_IO  atomic_JJ  change_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  impressions_NNS  or_CC  qualities_NNS  result_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  organization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  inherited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  taken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  transmitted_VBN  to_IO  successors_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ad_&FW  infinitum_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  brain_NN  altogether_RR  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  process_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  can_VM    detect_VV0  nothing_PN1  but_IO  unintelligible_JJ  nonsense_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  proposition_NN  that_CS    mind_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  brain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  personal_JJ  identity_NN  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  impressions_NNS  .    
  his_APP$  objection_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  mind_NN  be_VB0  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  subject_JJ  like_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  change_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  will_VM  discover_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  reflects_VBZ  but_II  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  a_AT1  fact_NN  ,_,  that_CS  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  renew_VV0  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lapse_NN  of_IO  time_NN  will_VM  weaken_VV0  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  destroy_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  as_IO    getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  use_NN  ,_,    and_CC  forgetting_VBG  what_DDQ  one_MC1  has_VHZ  learnt_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  power_NN  of_IO  education_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  denies_VBZ  ,_,  \0viz_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ    subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  change_NN  ,_,    and_CC  depends_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  development_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  in_IO  its_APP$  guidance_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  struggles_VBZ  in_RR  vain_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  proposition_NN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  mind_NN  be_VB0  immaterial_JJ  ,_,  its_APP$  functions_NNS  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  unaffected_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  being_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  basis_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  unites_VBZ  and_CC  affinitises_VBZ  all_DB  parts_NNS  .  
  animal_JJ  and_CC  vegetable_JJ  substances_NNS  are_VBR  amalgamated_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  why_CS not_XX  a_AT1  third_MD  ,_,  argues_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP    the_AT1  immaterial_JJ  and_CC  immortal_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  nothing_PN1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  principle_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  developed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  obviously_RR  the_AT1  inversion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  fatal_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  life_NN  gives_VBZ  ,_,  death_NN  must_VM  take_VV0  away_RP  .  
  when_CS   the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  life_NN    is_VBZ  withdrawn_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1    animal_JJ  and_CC  vegetable_JJ    elements_NNS  of_IO  man's_NN1$  being_VBG  are_VBR  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  any_DD  third_MD  element_NN  depending_VBG  upon_IO    the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  life_NN    for_IO  its_APP$  basis_NN  ,_,  must_VM  perish_VV0  also_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  argument_NN  recoils_VBZ  upon_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  to_TO  evade_VV0  the_AT1  recoil_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  dogmatises_VBZ  on_IO    the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  life_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  organisation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  principle_NN  that_PNQS operates_VBZ  through_IO  organisation_NN  .  
  upon_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  category_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  can_VM  not_XX  exclude_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  dog_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  much_RR  God's_PPIO2  handiwork_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  laws_NNS  of_IO  respiration_NN  and_CC  deglutition_NN  as_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  govern_VV0  human_JJ  existence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Bible_NP  says_VBZ  men_NNS  and_CC  beasts_NNS  are_VBR  identical_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  mode_NN  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  death_NN  (_(  \0Eccles_NP  3_MC  .  19-20_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  would_VM  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  do_VD0  with_IO  his_APP$  definition_NN  as_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  .  
    life_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  organization_NN  :_:  organization_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  medium_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  life_NN  is_VBZ  manifested_VBN  .    
  has_VHZ  the_AT1  dog_NN  an_AT1  immortal_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  life_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  antecedent_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  organization_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  only_RR  manifests_VBZ  itself_PPX1  through_IO  its_APP$  doggish_JJ  body_NN  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  whose_WP$I  principle_NN  of_IO  life_NN  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  before_CS  the_AT1  dog_NN  came_VVD  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  the_AT1  dog's_NN1$  .  
  if_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  will_VM  admit_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  primitive_JJ  life-power_NN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  is_VBZ  God's_PPIO2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  might_VM  agree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  admitting_VBG  this_DD1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  abandon_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  human_JJ  lives_NNS  are_VBR  separate_JJ  entities_NNS  or_CC    souls_NNS  ,_,    which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  disembodied_VBN  and_CC  live_VV0  as_IO  conscious_JJ  beings_NNS  still_RR  .  
  all_DB  human_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  beast_NN  and_CC  all_DB  insect_NN  life_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  but_II  inspirations_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  eternal_JJ  universal_JJ  fountain_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  God_NP  revealed_VBN  to_IO  Israel_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  focal_JJ  centre_NN  and_CC  controller_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  Platonism_NN1  ,_,  deeply_RR  tinctured_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  Greek_JJ  mythology_NN  ,_,  teaching_VBG  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  separate_JJ  independent_JJ  immortal_JJ  intelligences_NNS  ,_,  prevents_VBZ  him_PPHO1  from_IO  seeing_VBG  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  insists_VBZ  upon_IO  three_MC  separable_JJ  compounds_NNS  as_CS  constituting_VBG  the_AT1  unity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  define_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  argument_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  more_RG  serviceable_JJ  .  
    body_NN  ,_,  soul_NN  and_CC  spirit_NN    are_VBR  his_APP$  words_NNS  ,_,  quoting_VBG  from_IO  Paul_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  submit_VV0  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  that_CS  these_DD2  words_NNS  describe_VV0  aspects_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  existence_NN  only_RR  while_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  alive_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  addressed_VBN  to_IO  and_CC  spoken_VBN  of_IO  living_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  three_MC  aspects_NNS  expressed_VBN  are_VBR  only_RR  presented_VBN  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1    body_NN    when_CS man_NN  is_VBZ  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  grave_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1    soul_NN    to_IO  that_DD1  body_NN  when_CS all_DB  soul_NN  is_VBZ  evaporated_VBN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  spirit_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  no_RR  longer_RRR  exists_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  animated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  spirit_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  curious_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  understands_VBZ  by_IO    soul_NN    as_CS  distinct_JJ  from_IO    spirit_NN    and_CC  vice_RR  versa_RR  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  common-sense_NN  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  plain_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  life_NN  presents_VBZ  three_MC  aspects_NNS  cognisant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  understanding_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  (_(  2_MC  )_)  the_AT1  life_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  develops_VBZ  (_(  3_MC  )_)  the_AT1  spirit_NN  ,_,  or_CC  mind_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dead_JJ  man_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  body_NN  simply_RR  ;_;  an_AT1  idiot_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  body_NN  with_IO  soul_NN  or_CC  life_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  living_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  full_JJ  possession_NN  of_IO  mental_JJ  faculties_NNS  presents_VBZ  the_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO    body_NN  ,_,  soul_NN  ,_,  and_CC  spirit_NN  .    
  when_CS death_NN  comes_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  destroys_VBZ  this_DD1  combination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  returns_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  life_NN  returns_VBZ  to_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  spirit_NN  disappears_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  resurrection_NN  will_VM  put_VV0  all_DB  three_MC  together_RR  again_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  glorious_JJ  basis_NN  of_IO  incorruptibility_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett's_PPIO2  review_NN  of_IO  scripture_NN  arguments_NNS  on_IO  mortality_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  next_RR  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  scriptural_JJ  argument_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  begins_VBZ  by_IO  observing_VBG  that_CS    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  to_TO  argue_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  received_JJ  doctrine_NN  of_IO  man's_NN1$  immortality_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  doctrine_NN  implied_VVD  that_CS  man_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  mortal_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  illustrates_VBZ  his_APP$  meaning_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  dead_JJ  are_VBR  dead_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  respects_NNS  and_CC  alive_JJ  in_IO  others_DA2  .  
  if_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  would_VM  define_VV0  his_APP$  terms_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  mean_VV0  by_IO    death_NN  .    
  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  no_AT1  inverse_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO    life_NN  .    
  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  not_XX  derive_VV0  our_APP$  idea_NN  of_IO  death_NN  from_IO  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  life_NN  .  
  life_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  positive_JJ  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   )_)  has_VHZ  a_AT1  beginning_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  word_NN    death_NC2    has_VHZ  become_VBN  current_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  the_AT1  cessation_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  familiar_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  only_RR  arises_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  vegetable_JJ  life_NN  gives_VBZ  rise_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  use_NN  when_CS a_AT1  plant_NN  dies_VBZ  .  
  metaphorical_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  prosperity_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  institution_NN  ,_,  occasions_VBZ  its_APP$  use_NN  ,_,  when_CS prosperity_NN  departs_VBZ  and_CC  the_AT1  institution_NN  dies_VBZ  .  
  to_IO  whatever_DDQ  thing_NN  it_PPH1  applies_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  expresses_VBZ  the_AT1  opposite_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  pertaining_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  or_CC  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  conceived_VBN  as_CS  pertaining_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  obvious_JJ  and_CC  universal_JJ  principle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  inverse_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  is_VBZ  dead_JJ  ,_,  unless_CS  his_APP$  life_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  has_VHZ  ceased_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  vain_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  inconsistency_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  being_VBG  dead_JJ  and_CC  alive_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  live_VV0  after_IO  death_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  dead_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  suit_VV0  the_AT1  theory_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  dead_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  theory_NN  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  never_RR  alive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  inhabited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  invisible_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  on_IO  whose_PNQV$  withdrawal_NN  the_AT1  body_NN  crumbles_VBZ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  contends_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1    elasticity_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS    life_NC2    and_CC    death_NC2  .    
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  define_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  means_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  elasticity_NN  about_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  that_DD1  already_RR  indicated_VBN  ,_,  \0viz_RR  ,_,  their_APP$  applications_NNS  to_IO  different_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  death_NN  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  principle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  quoted_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Barnett_NP  are_VBR  perfectly_RR  intelligible_JJ  without_IO  involving_VBG  that_DD1  violation_NN  of_IO  first_MD  principles_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  found_VV0  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  grace_NN  ,_,  mercy_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  .  
    grace_NN  ,_,  mercy_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  ,_,  from_IO  God_NP  our_APP$  Father_NNSB1  and_CC  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP  our_APP$  Lord_NNSB1  .    1_MC1  Timothy_NP  1.2_MC  .  
  greetings_NNS  expressed_VBN  in_IO    words_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  holy_JJ  ghost_NN  teacheth_VBZ    come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  reverent_JJ  reader_NN  today_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  warmth_NN  and_CC  unction_NN  as_CS  when_CS Timothy_NP  held_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  the_AT1  precious_JJ  parchment_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  message_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  written_VBN  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  gracious_JJ  tuition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eternal_JJ  spirit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  writer_NN  framed_VVD  his_APP$  prayerful_JJ  desire_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  reader's_NN1$  spiritual_JJ  good_NN  .  
  wisdom_NN  far_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  devoted_JJ  apostle_NN  ordained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  encouragement_NN  first_RR  enjoyed_VBN  by_IO  Timothy_NP  should_VM  subsequently_RR  be_VB0  shared_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  God_NP  of_IO  every_AT1  race_NN  and_CC  in_IO  every_AT1  age_NN  .  
  grace_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fountain_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  every_AT1  blessing_NN  springs_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  free_JJ  ,_,  unmerited_JJ  favour_NN  of_IO  God_NP  bestowed_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  guilty_JJ  sinner_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  manifested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  provision_NN  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  expiation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sinner's_NN1$  guilt_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  atoning_JJ  blood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  redeemer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  anointed_JJ  .  
  mercy_NN  is_VBZ  extended_VBN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  guilty_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  miserable_JJ  consequences_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  guilt_NN  before_IO  God_NP  .  
    according_IO  to_II  his_APP$  mercy_NN  he_PPHO1  saved_VVD  us_PPIO2   by_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  of_IO  regeneration_NN  and_CC  renewing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  ghost_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  shed_VVD  on_IO  us_PPIO2   abundantly_RR  through_IO  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP  our_APP$  saviour_NN  .    
  by_IO  nature_NN  afar_RR  off_RP  ,_,  alienated_VBN  and_CC  separated_VBN  from_IO  God_NP  ,_,  spiritually_RR  destitute_JJ  and_CC  dead_JJ  in_IO  trespasses_NNS  and_CC  sins_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  redeemed_JJ  soul_NN  is_VBZ    a_AT1  debtor_NN  to_IO  mercy_NN  alone_RR    ,_,  born_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  ,_,  called_VBN  from_IO  nature's_NN1$  darkness_NN  into_IO  God's_PPIO2  marvellous_JJ  light_NN  ,_,  translated_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dear_JJ  son_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  everything_PN1  enriched_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  peace_NN  with_IO  God_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  secured_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  guilty_JJ  only_RR  by_IO    God_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS hath_VHZ  reconciled_VBN  us_PPIO2   to_IO  himself_PPX1  by_IO  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP    .  
  no_AT1  man_NN  ever_RR  made_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  peace_NN  with_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  divinely_RR  appointed_VBN  mediator_NN  himself_PPX1  declares_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,      no_AT1  man_NN  cometh_VBZ  unto_IO  the_AT1  Father_NNSB1  but_CCB  by_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  prince_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  speaks_VBZ  peace_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  our_APP$  peace_NN  .    
  grace_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  source_NN  ,_,  mercy_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  peace_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blessing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  which_DDQ  maketh_VBZ  rich_JJ  .  
  while_CS  we_PPIS2  borrow_VV0  the_AT1  apostolic_JJ  greeting_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  also_RR  express_VV0  the_AT1  earnest_JJ  desire_NN  and_CC  prayer_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trinitarian_JJ  Bible_NP  society_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  distributed_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  revealing_VBG  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS read_VV0  them_PPHO1      grace_NN  ,_,  mercy_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  ,_,  from_IO  God_NP  our_APP$  Father_NNSB1  and_CC  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP  our_APP$  Lord_NNSB1  .    
  the_AT1  authorised_JJ  version_NN  still_RR  supreme_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  cover_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  quarterly_JJ  record_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  authorised_JJ  version_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  now_RL  reached_VBN  its_APP$  350th_MD  anniversary_NN  and_CC  remains_VBZ  peerless_JJ  among_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  translations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  .  
  the_AT1  design_NN  draws_VBZ  attention_NN  to_IO  several_DA  important_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  enduring_JJ  and_CC  excellent_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  including_IO  Hampton_NP  Court_NNL1  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  its_APP$  birthplace_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Reynolds_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  puritan_JJ  minister_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS first_RR  suggested_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  translation_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  undertaken_VBN  .  
  with_IO  God's_PPIO2  gracious_JJ  blessing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  translator_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  printer_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  press_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  preacher_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pulpit_NN  have_VH0  all_DB  helped_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP  available_JJ  to_IO  English_NN1  speaking_JJ  people_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  incomparable_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  faithfulness_NN  ,_,  majestic_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  language_NN  ,_,  and_CC  inexhaustible_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  spiritual_JJ  fruitfulness_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  time_NN  honoured_VBN  version_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  reveal_VV0  to_IO  millions_MC2  the_AT1  matchless_JJ  grace_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS is_VBZ  crowned_VBN  with_IO  glory_NN  and_CC  honour_NN  .  
  commemoration_NN  editions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  society_NN  is_VBZ  publishing_VBG  two_MC  commemoration_NN  editions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  authorised_JJ  version_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  should_VM  be_VB0  available_JJ  in_IO  January_NN1  .  
  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  device_NN  representing_VBG  the_AT1  open_JJ  book_NN  surmounted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  crown_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  dates_NNS  1611-1961_MC-MC  will_VM  be_VB0  blocked_VBN  in_IO  gold_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  cover_NN  .  
  the_AT1  editions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  supplied_VBN  in_IO  excellently_RR  designed_JJ  paper_NN  jackets_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  following_JJ  brief_JJ  tribute_NN  :_:    
    in_IO  presenting_VBG  this_DD1  commemoration_NN  edition_NN  the_AT1  society_NN  pays_VBZ  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  excellence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  version_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  an_AT1  inestimable_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  protestant_JJ  heritage_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  spiritual_JJ  enrichment_NN  to_IO  millions_MC2  of_IO  readers_NNS  for_IO  350_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  remains_VBZ  peerless_JJ  among_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  translations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  .    
  the_AT1  commemoration_NN  editions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  royal_JJ  brevier_NN  type_NN  (_(  6_MC  3/4_MC  *?8_NNU  x_IO  4_MC  3/4_MC  *?8_NNU  )_)  at_IO  8_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  royal_JJ  Ruby_NP  type_NN  (_(  5_MC  1/2_MC  *?8_NNU  x_IO  3_MC  3/4_MC  *?8_NNU  )_)  at_IO  6_MC  \0s_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  copies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  ordered_VBN  by_IO  post_NN  and_CC  particulars_NNS  of_IO  reduced_JJ  prices_NNS  for_IO  Sunday_NN1  School_NNL1  and_CC  congregational_JJ  orders_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  sent_VBN  on_IO  request_NN  .  
  make_VV0  the_AT1  paper_NN  speak_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  caption_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  letter-head_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  correspondents_NNS  in_IO  south_NN1  India_NP  ,_,  simply_RR  and_CC  clearly_RR  defines_VBZ  the_AT1  chief_JB  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0T.B.S_NP  in_IO  sending_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  from_IO  recent_JJ  letters_NNS  of_IO  application_NN  and_CC  thanks_NNS  will_VM  indicate_VV0  that_CS    the_AT1  paper_NN  speaks_VBZ    in_IO  places_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  word_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  possible_JJ  .  
  in_IO  hospital_NN  in_IO  south_NN1  India_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  indeed_RR  very_RG  grateful_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  for_IO  the_AT1  lovely_JJ  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  ,_,  new_JJ  testaments_NNS  and_CC  gospels_NNS  posted_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
    I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  far_JJ  off_JJ"  places_NNS  as_IO  Jamshedpur_NP  ,_,  Calcutta_NP  and_CC  Rewa_NP  and_CC  preach_VV0  the_AT1  gospel_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  illness_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  Hospital_NNL1  in_IO  Cuttack_NP  .  
  though_CS  my_APP$  stay_NN  was_VBDZ  long_JJ  and_CC  painful_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  treatment_NN  was_VBDZ  successful_JJ  .  
  three_MC  Christian_JJ  surgeons_NNS  were_VBDR  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  ward_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  stayed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  big_JJ  medical_JJ  college_NN  is_VBZ  attached_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  hospital_NN  .  
  many_DA  Hindu_JJ  surgeons_NNS  and_CC  medical_JJ  students_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  officers_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  as_IO  patients_NNS  each_DD1  received_VVD  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  or_CC  new_JJ  testament_NN  .  
    an_AT1  engineer_NN  who_PNQS received_VVD  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  happy_JJ  smile_NN  ,_,  
    just_RR  this_DD1  morning_NN  I_PPIS1  requested_VVD  a_AT1  Christian_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  to_TO  read_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  copy_NN  .  
  God_NP  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  through_IO  you_PPY  .    
  another_DD1  medical_JJ  student_NN  came_VVD  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Sir_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  testament_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    Brother_NNSB1  ,_,  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  copies_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  his_APP$  friends_NNS  reading_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  hostel_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR    tempted_VBN    to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  copy_NN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  read_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  every_AT1  day_NN  and_CC  talk_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  .  
    a_AT1  Hindu_JJ  patient_NN  awaiting_VBG  an_AT1  operation_NN  received_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  booklet_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  remark_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,    this_DD1  will_VM  keep_VV0  me_PPIO1    .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  every_AT1  medical_JJ  student_NN  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  Bible_NP  for_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  students_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  contact_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  explain_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  and_CC  then_RL  present_VV0  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  bane_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boon_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  my_APP$  cross_NN  cheerfully_RR  .  
    may_VM  the_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vineyard_NN  bless_VV0  the_AT1  seed_NN  sown_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  glory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  souls_NNS  be_VB0  saved_VBN  and_CC  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fold_NN  .  
  may_VM  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  bless_VV0  you_PPY  abundantly_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  supply_VV0  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  to_IO  farmers_NNS  in_IO  India_NP  working_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  vineyard_NN  and_CC  supply_VV0  all_DB  your_APP$  need_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  glory_NN  .  
    please_UH  pray_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  anxious_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  unreached_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  health_NN  is_VBZ  weak_JJ  and_CC  resources_NNS  poor_JJ  but_CCB  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  used_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  8_MC  provinces_NNS  of_IO  India_NP  and_CC  about_RR  200_MC  towns_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  16_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  of_IO  faith_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  all_DB  things_NNS  through_IO  him_PPHO1  who_PNQS strengthens_VBZ  me_PPIO1  .  
    the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  bless_VV0  thee_PPY  and_CC  keep_VV0  thee_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  Corinth_NP  of_IO  India_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  helping_VBG  us_PPIO2   with_IO  Bibles_NP2  and_CC  portions_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  packets_NNS  reached_VVD  us_PPIO2   in_IO  good_JJ  condition_NN  .  
  really_RR  this_DD1  supply_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  great_JJ  help_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  work_NN  here_RL  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  from_IO  November_NN1  1st_MD  to_IO  16th_MD  we_PPIS2  distributed_VVD  literature_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  Hindu_JJ  city_NN  where_CS many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  people_NNS  gather_VV0  for_IO  pilgrimage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  city_NN  is_VBZ  Madura_NP  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  Corinth_NP  of_IO  India_NP  .  
  every_AT1  street_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  city_NN  is_VBZ  filled_VBN  with_IO  idols_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  blessed_VVD  us_PPIO2   richly_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  distribute_VV0  several_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  scripture_NN  leaflets_NNS  and_CC  gospels_NNS  and_CC  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  Bibles_NP2  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  praying_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  fruit_NN  unto_IO  eternal_JJ  life_NN  .  
  also_RR  last_DA  month_NN  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  enabled_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  villages_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  gospel_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  preached_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  .  
  many_DA  attended_VVD  and_CC  heard_VVD  the_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  received_VVD  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  .  
  prayer_NN  is_VBZ  requested_VBN  for_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  efforts_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  in_IO  due_JJ  time_NN  souls_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP  .  
    often_RR  we_PPIS2  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trinitarian_JJ  Bible_NP  society_NN  in_IO  prayer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
    your_APP$  earnest_JJ  prayers_NNS  are_VBR  solicited_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  humble_JJ  work_NN  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  for_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  in_IO  India_NP  .    
  people_NNS  are_VBR  hungry_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  distributing_VBG  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  extent_NN  occurred_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  early_RR  in_IO  January_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  started_VVD  the_AT1  distribution_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  interested_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  band_NN  of_IO  thirty_MC  young_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  after_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  factories_NNS  and_CC  government_NN  offices_NNS  at_IO  Bangalore_NP  they_PPHS2  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  with_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  work_NN  .  
  our_APP$  numbers_NNS  have_VH0  since_II  doubled_VBN  .  
    Christ_NP  has_VHZ  wrought_VBN  a_AT1  finished_JJ  ,_,  full_JJ  and_CC  perfect_JJ  salvation_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  by_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  and_CC  resurrection_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  are_VBR  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  ways_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  gospel_NN  message_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  and_CC  hearts_NNS  of_IO  sinners_NNS  is_VBZ  through_IO  religious_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  work_NN  every_AT1  Christian_NN1  can_VM  do_VD0  .  
  its_APP$  importance_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  over-estimated_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  evangelist_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  minister_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  missionary_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  right_RR  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  Christians_NP2  can_VM  be_VB0  full-time_JB  pastors_NNS  ,_,  evangelists_NNS  or_CC  teachers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  every_AT1  believer_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  faithful_JJ  distributor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  .  
    India's_PPIO2  door_NN  may_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  closed_VBN  to_IO  foreign_JJ  missionaries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  desperate_JJ  need_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  sow_VV0  millions_MC2  of_IO  gospel_NN  tracts_NNS  on_IO  India's_PPIO2  soil_NN  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  in_IO  months_NNS  and_CC  years_NNS  ahead_RR  bear_VV0  a_AT1  spiritual_JJ  harvest_NN  .  
  our_APP$  hearts_NNS  must_VM  burn_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  abundant_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  .  
  God's_PPIO2  seal_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  world-wide_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  printed_JJ  word_NN  .  
  hundreds_MC2  and_CC  thousands_MC2  have_VH0  found_VBN  God_NP  through_IO  the_AT1  silent_JJ  ministry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  printed_JJ  gospel_NN  .  
    everywhere_RR  people_NNS  are_VBR  hungry_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  and_CC  true_JJ  bread_NN  .  
    the_AT1  printed_JJ  page_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  anywhere_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  knows_VBZ  no_AT1  fear_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  never_RR  tires_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  dies_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  travel_VV0  at_IO  little_DA  expense_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  run_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  like_IO  an_AT1  angel_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  blessing_VBG  all_DB  ,_,  giving_VBG  to_IO  all_DB  ,_,  asking_VBG  no_AT1  gift_NN  in_IO  return_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  talk_VV0  to_IO  one_MC1  as_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  multitude_NN  ;_;  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  multitude_NN  as_RG  well_RR  as_IO  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  requires_VBZ  no_AT1  public_JJ  room_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  its_APP$  story_NN  in_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  can_VM  speak_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  parlour_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  study_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  carriage_NN  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  broad_JJ  highway_NN  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  footpath_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  hindered_VBN  by_IO  scoffs_NNS  ,_,  jeers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  taunts_NNS  .  
  though_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  always_RR  answer_VV0  questions_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  tell_VV0  its_APP$  story_NN  twice_RR  ,_,  or_CC  thrice_RR  or_CC  four_MC  times_NNS  over_RP  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  wishes_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_RR  short_RR  the_AT1  teacher_NN  of_IO  all_DB  classes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  benefactor_NN  of_IO  all_DB  lands_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  chanced_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  across_IO  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  your_APP$  scripture_NN  portions_NNS  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  kindly_RR  request_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  send_VV0  me_PPIO1  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  and_CC  to_TO  keep_VV0  my_APP$  name_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  mailing_NN  list_NN  and_CC  send_VV0  me_PPIO1  packets_NNS  whenever_CS you_PPY  can_VM  .  
    we_PPIS2  also_RR  request_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  remember_VV0  us_PPIO2   and_CC  our_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  prayers_NNS  .    
  news_NN  from_IO  Nepal_NP  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  report_NN  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  encouraging_JJ  news_NN  that_CS  all_DB  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  second_MD  editions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Nepali_JJ  gospel_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  sold_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  third_MD  edition_NN  recently_RR  printed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0T.B.S_NP  is_VBZ  being_VBG  rapidly_RR  distributed_VBN  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  7,750_MC  copies_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  sold_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  September_NN1  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  into_IO  Nepal_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0T_NP  Cunningham_NP  warmly_RR  acknowledges_VBZ  the_AT1  help_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  and_CC  trusts_VBZ  that_DD1  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  people_NNS  will_VM  join_VV0  in_IO  prayer_NN  for_IO  God's_PPIO2  blessing_NN  upon_IO  these_DD2  copies_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  word_NN  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  fruitfully_RR  used_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  glory_NN  .  
  regular_JJ  consignments_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  gospels_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  sent_VBN  from_IO  London_NP  and_CC  have_VH0  safely_RR  reached_VBN  their_APP$  destination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  article_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  series_NN  entitled_VBN    the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  truth_NN    is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0T_NP  Cunningham_NP  ,_,  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  October_NN1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  independent_JJ  board_NN  for_IO  Presbyterian_JJ  missions_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Pope's_NNSB2  business_NN  .    
  religion_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no_RR  good_JJ  talking_VBG  as_CS  though_CS  religion_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  were_VBDR  two_MC  separate_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  sport_NN  and_CC  music_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  captain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Arsenal_NP  starts_VBZ  telling_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Malcolm_NP  Sargent_NP  how_CS to_TO  conduct_VV0  an_AT1  orchestra_NN  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  told_VBN  to_TO  mind_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  business_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Malcolm_NP  Sargent_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  told_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  tries_VBZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  captain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Arsenal_NP  how_CS to_TO  score_VV0  goals_NNS  .  
  sport_NN  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  music_NN  .  
  so_RR  everyone_PN1  knows_VBZ  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  what_DDQ  about_IO  religion_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  in_IO  two_MC  watertight_JJ  compartments_NNS  .  
  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  laws_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  just_RR  as_RG  much_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  soul_NN  as_CS  with_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  tells_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  send_VV0  your_APP$  children_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  school_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  God_NP    is_VBZ  that_DD1  religion_NN  or_CC  politics_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  tells_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  kill_VV0  off_RP  your_APP$  mother_NN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  suffering_VBG  from_IO  an_AT1  incurable_JJ  disease_NN    is_VBZ  that_DD1  religion_NN  or_CC  politics_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  state_NN  decides_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  legal_JJ  for_IO  your_APP$  wife_NN  to_TO  run_VV0  off_RP  with_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  and_CC  leave_VV0  your_APP$  children_NNS  without_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN    is_VBZ  that_DD1  religion_NN  or_CC  politics_NN  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  see_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  so_RG  many_DA  things_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  agree_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  right_JJ  there_EX  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  conflict_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  religion_NN  out_RP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  things_NNS  the_AT1  government_NN  does_VBZ  where_CS religion_NN  simply_RR  need_VM  not_XX  enter_VV0  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  views_NNS  on_IO  drains_NNS  ,_,  gas-works_NNS  or_CC  brick-laying_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  the_AT1  state_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  views_NNS  on_IO  vestments_NNS  ,_,  hymns_NNS  and_CC  prayers_NNS  .  
  so_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  fighting_VBG  the_AT1  state_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  drain_NN  pipes_NNS  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  the_AT1  state_NN  fighting_VBG  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  over_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  tune_NN  for_IO  hymns_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  fine_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  more_RG  important_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  life_NN  than_IO  drain_NN  pipes_NNS  and_CC  hymns_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  sticks_VBZ  to_IO  religion_NN  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS it_PPH1  should_VM  ever_RR  fall_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  political_JJ  party_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  religion_NN  .  
  another_DD1  point_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  what_DDQ  are_VBR  politics_NNS  .  
  politics_NN  means_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  rule_VV0  a_AT1  country_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  and_CC  people_NNS  are_VBR  both_DB2  body_NN  and_CC  soul_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  pretty_RR  obvious_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  government_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  unemployed_JJ  ,_,  food_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  hungry_JJ  ,_,  houses_NNS  for_IO  families_NNS  ,_,  education_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  hospitals_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  obvious_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  really_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  obvious_JJ  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  is_VBZ  really_RR  the_AT1  servant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  that_DD1  brings_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  very_RG  simple_JJ  which_DDQ  nearly_RR  everyone_PN1  in_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  has_VHZ  forgotten_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  thing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  always_RR  talking_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  and_CC  state_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  any_DD  need_NN  either_LE  for_IO  Church_NNL1  or_CC  for_IO  state_NN  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  families_NNS  .  
  so_RR  priests_NNS  and_CC  politicians_NNS  before_CS  they_PPHS2  start_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  their_APP$  rights_NNS  must_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  rights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  rights_NNS  of_IO  families_NNS  .  
  so_RR  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  obvious_JJ  is_VBZ  n't_XX  so_RG  obvious_JJ  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  to_TO  decide_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  house_VV0  people_NNS  and_CC  educate_VV0  children_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  for_IO  families_NNS  to_TO  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  and_CC  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  education_NN  is_VBZ  best_JJT  for_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  modern_JJ  state_NN  usually_RR  forgets_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  Church_NNL1  always_RR  remembers_VBZ  .  
  hence_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  quarrels_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  and_CC  state_NN  .  
  here_RL  's_VBZ  a_AT1  true_JJ  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  call_VV0  John_NP  Williamson_NP  ,_,  because_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  his_APP$  name_NN  .  
  John_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  school_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  worked_VBN  hard_JJ  and_CC  passed_VBN  examinations_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  .  
  now_RL  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  name_NN  suggests_VBZ  ,_,  are_VBR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  servants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  which_WDTI  party_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  power_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  without_IO  playing_VBG  politics_NN  .  
  John_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  wife_NN  and_CC  four_MC  children_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  rise_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  head_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  department_NN  the_AT1  less_DA  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  better_JJ  would_VM  be_VB0  his_APP$  chances_NNS  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  never_RR  wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  went_VVD  to_IO  political_JJ  meetings_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  his_APP$  friends_NNS  used_VVD  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  persuade_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  join_VV0  their_APP$  parties_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  John_NP  always_RR  had_VHD  his_APP$  answer_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  fellows_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,    you_PPY  can_VM  have_VH0  any_DD  politics_NN  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  lose_VV0  your_APP$  jobs_NNS  for_IO  speaking_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  turn_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  different_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  say_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  lose_VV0  my_APP$  job_NN  at_RR  least_RR  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  pass_VV0  me_PPIO1  by_RP  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  looking_VBG  for_IO  promotion_NN  .  
  my_APP$  motto_NN  is_VBZ    
  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  and_CC  not_XX  heard_VBN  .    
  leave_VV0  politics_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  so_RR  John's_PPIO2  rule_NN  of_IO  life_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  leave_VV0  politics_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  politics_NN  simply_RR  would_VM  n't_XX  leave_VV0  John_NP  alone_JJ  .  
  every_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  weeks_NNS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  new_JJ  law_NN  passed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  life_NN  more_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  permits_NNS  required_VBN  .  
  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  forms_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  filled_VBN  in_RP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  let_VV0  this_DD1  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  down_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  naturally_RR  felt_VVD  a_AT1  bit_NN  annoyed_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  build_VV0  a_AT1  chicken-house_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  back_JB  garden_NN  without_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  dozen_MC  letters_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  break_VV0  his_APP$  heart_NN  over_IO  a_DA  few_DA  chickens_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_DA  few_DA  friends_NNS  round_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  his_APP$  grouse_NN  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thoroughly_RR  English_JJ  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  politicians_NNS  were_VBDR  making_VBG  life_NN  far_RR  too_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  n't_XX  a_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  politics_NN  and_CC  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  thing_NN  or_CC  two_MC  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  changed_VVD  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  house_NN  repairs_NNS  ,_,  petrol_NN  and_CC  chickens_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  they_PPHS2  started_VVD  messing_VBG  about_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  .  
    this_DD1    ,_,  said_VVD  John_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  them_PPHO1  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  how_CS to_TO  feed_VV0  my_APP$  chickens_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  how_CS to_TO  bring_VV0  up_RP  my_APP$  children_NNS  .    
  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  right_RR  down_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  John_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  ,_,  politicians_NNS  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  parents_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mind_VV0  when_CS they_PPHS2  interfered_VVD  with_IO  parents_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  their_APP$  job_NN  .  
  every_AT1  Christmas_NP  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  a_AT1  subscription_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  cruelty_NN  to_IO  children_NNS  .  
  some_DD  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  did_VDD  n't_XX  deserve_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  children_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  him_PPHO1  down_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  way_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  told_VBN  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  children_NNS  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  anyway_RR  .  
  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  like_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  not_XX  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  even_RR  married_VBN  .  
  education_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  brought_VVD  things_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  head_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  although_CS  John_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  catholic_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  children_NNS  were_VBDR  .  
  Marie_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  eldest_JJT  girl_NN  ,_,  won_VVD  a_AT1  scholarship_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  her_APP$  name_NN  down_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  convent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  heart_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  convent_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  town_NN  ,_,  three_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  .  
  but_CCB  Marie_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  ,_,  strong_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  half-an-hour's_NN1$  journey_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  her_PPHO1  any_DD  harm_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  that_CS  Marie_NP  could_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  convent_NN  School_NNL1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  high_JJ  School_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  thinking_VBG  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  some_DD  mistake_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  although_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  catholic_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  promised_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  children_NNS  up_RP  catholics_NNS  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  girl_NN  must_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  convent_NN  .  
  back_RP  came_VVD  the_AT1  reply_NN  by_IO  return_NN  of_IO  post_NN  .  
  high_JJ  School_NNL1  or_CC  nothing_PN1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  send_VV0  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  of_IO  term_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  prosecute_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS John_NP  started_VVD  meddling_VBG  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  here_RL  's_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  question_NN  for_IO  anyone_PN1  to_TO  answer_VV0  :_:  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  the_AT1  meddling_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  John_NP  meddling_VBG  in_IO  government_NN  affairs_NNS  or_CC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  government_NN  meddling_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  affairs_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  answer_VV0  that_DD1  question_NN    and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  very_RG  hard_JJ  one_MC1    you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN    
  why_CS does_VBZ  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  meddle_VV0  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  word_NN  is_VBZ  meddle_NC2  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   finish_VV0  the_AT1  story_NN  about_IO  John_NP  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  why_CS .  
  the_AT1  priest_NN  meddles_VBZ  .  
  John_NP  could_VM  get_VV0  no_AT1  satisfaction_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  so_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  priest_NN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  catholic_NN  ,_,  Father_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  an_AT1  Englishman's_NNP$  word_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  bond_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  my_APP$  promise_NN  that_CS  my_APP$  children_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  up_RP  catholics_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  all_DB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  kick_VV0  up_RP  too_RG  much_DA  fuss_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  me_PPIO1  any_DD  good_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  you_PPY  can_VM  guess_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  priest_NN  did_VDD  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  plenty_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  argued_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  officer_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Town_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  lost_VVD  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  organized_VVD  a_AT1  big_JJ  protest_NN  meeting_NN  and_CC  invited_VVD  the_AT1  Town_NNL1  councillors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  case_NN  was_VBDZ  argued_VBN  fairly_RR  and_CC  above_IO  board_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  councillors_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  particular_JJ  use_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  religion_NN  were_VBDR  impressed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  heard_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  speeches_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  kick_VV0  people_NNS  around_RP  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  kid_NN  had_VHD  won_VBN  a_AT1  scholarship_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  parents_NNS  had_VHD  a_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  where_CS she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  her_APP$  education_NN  .  
  so_RR  Marie_NP  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  heart_NN  convent_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  there_RL  because_CS  the_AT1  priest_NN  meddled_VVD  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  now_RL  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  Church_NNL1  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  to-day_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  child_NN  going_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  catholic_JJ  school_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  millions_MC2  of_IO  working_JJ  men_NNS  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  worship_VV0  God_NP  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  governments_NNS  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  kicking_VBG  around_II  their_APP$  citizens_NNS  ,_,  forcing_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  join_VV0  parties_NNS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  agree_VV0  with_IO  ,_,  making_VBG  them_PPHO1  do_VD0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  told_VBN    or_CC  else_RR  .  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  people_NNS  ruined_VBN  because_CS  politicians_NNS  have_VH0  told_VBN  them_PPHO1  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  think_VV0  and_CC  say_VV0  and_CC  do_VD0  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS complain_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  Church_NNL1  makes_VBZ  political_JJ  pronouncements_NNS  imagine_VV0  that_CS  religion_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  walls_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  .  
  but_CCB  religion_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  only_RR  tell_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  how_CS to_TO  pray_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  something_PN1  more_RG  vital_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  tells_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  how_CS to_TO  live_VV0  .  
  Jesus_NP  Christ_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  called_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  political_JJ  priest_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  death_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  meddling_VBG  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  before_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  governor_NN  ,_,  Pontius_NP  Pilate_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  found_VBN  this_DD1  man_NN  perverting_VBG  our_APP$  nation_NN    ,_,  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  forbidding_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  tribute_NN  to_IO  Caesar_NP    .  
  Christ_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  did_VDD  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
    render_VV0  to_IO  Caesar_NP  the_AT1  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  Caesar's_PPIO2  and_CC  to_IO  God_NP  the_AT1  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  God's_PPIO2  .    
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  enemies_NNS  about_IO  was_VBDZ  which_WDTI  are_VBR  the_AT1  things_NNS  of_IO  God_NP  and_CC  which_WDTI  are_VBR  the_AT1  things_NNS  of_IO  Caesar_NP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  every_AT1  time_NN  a_AT1  priest_NN  fights_VBZ  the_AT1  state_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  told_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  talk_VV0  politics_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  expects_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  Christ_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  priest_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprised_JJ  it_PPH1  should_VM  also_RR  happen_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  duties_NNS  of_IO  religion_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  teach_VV0  men_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  God_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  about_IO  things_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  worship_NN  .  
  thou_PPY  shalt_VM  not_XX  steal_VV0  .  
  thou_PPY  shalt_VM  not_XX  kill_VV0  .  
  thou_PPY  shalt_VM  not_XX  commit_VV0  adultery_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  examples_NNS  of_IO  religious_JJ  matters_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  praying_VBG  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  God_NP  is_VBZ  kept_VBN  then_RL  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  to_TO  protest_VV0  when_CS this_DD1  law_NN  is_VBZ  broken_VBN  .  
  changing_JJ  opinions_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  questioned_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  significant_JJ  recent_JJ  development_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  Province_NP  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  its_APP$  participation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  and_CC  consultation_NN  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  in_IO  Johannesburg_NP  between_IO  December_NN1  7_MC  and_CC  December_NN1  14_MC  .  
  this_DD1  conference_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  deliberately_RR  called_VBN  a_AT1    consultation_NN    because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  generally_RR  accepted_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  term_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  report_VV0  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  what_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  common_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  Church_NNL1  people_NNS  the_AT1  world_NN  over_RP    that_CS  vast_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  racial_JJ  ramifications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  gospel_NN  divide_VV0  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Churches_NPLS  from_IO  practically_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  recognised_JJ  Churches_NPLS  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  the_AT1  Anglicans_NP2  .  
  earlier_RRR  in_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Cape_NP  Town_NNL1  openly_RR  challenged_VVD  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  regarding_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  Anglicans_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  remaining_VBG  co-members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  ,_,  so_RG  strongly_RR  did_VDD  his_APP$  grace_NN  feel_VV0  about_IO  their_APP$  interpretation_NN  of_IO    apartheid_NC2  .    
  however_RR  ,_,  negotiations_NNS  proceeded_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  1960_MC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Bilheimer_NP  ,_,  associate_NN  secretary_NN  general_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  flew_VVD  from_IO  Geneva_NP  to_TO  prepare_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  the_AT1  preparations_NNS  having_VHG  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  conference_NN  nearly_RR  met_VVD  its_APP$  death_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  deportation_NN  of_IO  Bishop_NNSB1  Reeves_NP  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  speaking_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  united_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  Durban_NP  during_IO  his_APP$  official_JJ  visitation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  diocese_NN  of_IO  Natal_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  day_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deportation_NN  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  stated_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  Union_NP  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  unless_CS  Bishop_NNSB1  Reeves_NP  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  permission_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  was_VBDZ  granted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  to_IO  Bishop_NNSB1  Reeves_NP  but_CCB  by_IO  a_AT1  gracious_JJ  making_NN  of_IO  concessions_NNS  it_PPH1  still_RR  became_VVD  possible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  upon_IO  South_NP  African_JJ  soil_NN  :_:  had_VHD  this_DD1  not_XX  been_VBN  possible_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  questionable_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  objective_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  reached_VBN    namely_RR  the_AT1  burning_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  relations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  member_NN  Churches_NPLS  within_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  twentieth-century_JB  miracles_NNS  still_RR  happen_VV0  :_:  the_AT1  conference_NN  duly_RR  met_VVD  in_IO  Johannesburg_NP  :_:  80_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  member_NN  churches_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  plus_IO  about_RR  10_MC  officials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Churches_NPLS  met_VVD  in_IO  solemn_JJ  and_CC  intensive_JJ  conclave_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  week_NN  ,_,  sessions_NNS  lasting_VBG  daily_RR  from_IO  early_JJ  morning_NN  until_CS  late_RR  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  Province_NP  delegation_NN  included_VVD  his_APP$  grace_NN  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Cape_NP  Town_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Natal_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Archdeacon_NNSB1  of_IO  Cape_NP  Town_NNL1  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Brookes_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Paton_NP  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  \0Z_NP  \0K_NP  Matthews_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Mary_NP  Wilson_NP  .  
  sharp_JJ  differences_NNS  .  
  sharp_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  marked_VBN  the_AT1  three_MC  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  which_DDQ  consists_VBZ  of_IO  two_MC  large_JJ  bodies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Nederduitse_&FW  gereformeerde_&FW  kerke_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Transvaal_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  more_RG  moderately_RR    liberal_JJ    than_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  very_RG  much_RR  smaller_JJ  branch_NN  representing_VBG  the_AT1  intransigent_JJ  viewpoint_NN  of_IO  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  Verwoerd_NP  and_CC  other_DA  ministers_NNS  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Nederduitsch_&FW  hervormde_&FW  kerke_&FW  of_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  an_AT1  eighty_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  agreement_NN  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  before_CS  any_DD  resolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  passed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  are_VBR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  consultation_NN  decisions_NNS    
  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  own_VV0  land_NN  and_CC  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ    part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dignity_NN  of_IO  adult_JJ  man_NN  .    
  2_MC  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  scriptural_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prohibition_NN  of_IO  mixed_JJ  marriages_NNS  .  
  3_MC  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  objection_NN  in_IO  principle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  representation_NN  of_IO  coloureds_NNS  in_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  migrant_JJ  labour_NN  system_NN  has_VHZ    disintegrating_JJ  effects_NNS    on_IO  African_JJ  life_NN  .  
  5_MC  .  
  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  non-whites_NNS  are_VBR  far_RR  too_RG  low_JJ  .  
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1    same_DA  measures_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN    claimed_VBN  for_IO  other_DA  racial_JJ  groups_NNS  should_VM  apply_VV0  to_IO  Asians_NP2  .  
  7_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ    not_XX  sufficient_JJ  consultation_NN  and_CC  communication_NN    between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  racial_JJ  groups_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  inner_JB  significance_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  decisions_NNS  can_VM  probably_RR  only_RR  be_VB0  fully_RR  appreciated_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  closely_RR  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  life_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  further_JB  points_NNS  were_VBDR  that_CS    all_DB  unjust_JJ  discrimination_NN    was_VBDZ  rejected_VBN  :_:  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  call_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    revision_NN  of_IO  job_NN  reservation_NN  and_CC  for_IO  greater_JJ  security_NN  of_IO  tenure_NN  for_IO  non-whites_NNS  in_IO  housing_NN  .    
  non-whites_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  freedom_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  in_IO  urban_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  all_DB  racial_JJ  groups_NNS  have_VH0  an_AT1  equal_JJ  right_NN  to_TO  contribute_VV0  to_IO  and_CC  share_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ    joint_JB  statement_NN    was_VBDZ  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  large_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  ,_,  namely_RR  the_AT1  Gereformeerde_&FW  Kerke_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Transvaal_NP    
    a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  differentiation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  defended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  viewpoint_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  realistic_JJ  solution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  race_NN  relations_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  population_NN  groups_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  consider_VV0  the_AT1  resolutions_NNS  adopted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  consultation_NN  as_CS  in_IO  principle_NN  incompatible_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  statement_NN  .    
  the_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  extremist_JJ  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Nederduitsch_&FW  hervormde_&FW  kerke_&FW  of_IO  Africa_NP  issued_VVD  this_DD1  separate_JJ  statement_NN    
    we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  state_VV0  quite_RR  clearly_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  our_APP$  conviction_NN  that_CS  separate_VV0  development_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  just_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  racial_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  reject_VV0  integration_NN  in_IO  any_DD  form_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  agreement_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  reached_VBN  contains_VBZ  such_DA  far-reaching_JJ  declarations_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  subscribe_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  identify_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  wish_VV0  to_TO  place_VV0  on_IO  record_NN  our_APP$  gratefulness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  positive_JJ  steps_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  promote_VV0  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  groups_NNS  .    
  movement_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  .  
  for_IO  those_DD2  readers_NNS  outside_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  who_PNQS are_VBR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  widely_RR  variant_JJ  approaches_NNS  to_IO  her_APP$  complicated_JJ  problems_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  statement_NN  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  large_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  marks_VBZ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  move_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  intransigent_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extremist_JJ  branch_NN  .  
  while_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  distance_NN  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  travelled_VBN  before_CS  complete_JJ  agreement_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  race_NN  relationships_NNS  as_CS  viewed_VBN  by_IO  Christians_NP2  can_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS know_VV0  the_AT1  deep_JJ  traditions_NNS  holding_VBG  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  will_VM  realise_VV0  that_DD1  movement_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  at_IO  encouraging_JJ  speed_NN  ,_,  though_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  fast_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  general_JJ  statement_NN  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  throws_VBZ  light_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  :_:    
    the_AT1  present_JJ  situation_NN  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  historical_JJ  development_NN  and_CC  all_DB  groups_NNS  bear_VV0  responsibility_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  scene_NN  is_VBZ    radically_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  decline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  self-determination_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  continent_NN  .    
    the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  unity_NN  among_IO  all_DB  men_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  Christ_NP  must_VM  find_VV0  visible_JJ  expression_NN  in_IO  acts_NNS  of_IO  common_JJ  worship_NN  and_CC  witness_NN  and_CC  in_IO  fellowship_NN  and_CC  consultation_NN  on_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  common_JJ  concern_NN  .    
  the_AT1  revival_NN  of_IO  heathen_JJ  tribal_JJ  customs_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  faith_NN  in_IO  western_JJ  civilisation_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  widely_RR  recognised_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  wages_NNS  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  non-white_JJ  people_NNS  oblige_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  exist_VV0  well_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  generally_RR  accepted_VBN  minimum_NN  .  
  concerted_JJ  action_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  job_NN  reservation_NN  must_VM  give_VV0  way_NN  to_IO  more_RG  equitable_JJ  systems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  conformity_NN  with_IO  human_JJ  dignity_NN  .    
  much_DA  achieved_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  recent_JJ  conference_NN  then_RL  ,_,  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  much_DA  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  leaves_VBZ  much_DA  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  solved_VBN  .  
  Rome_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  built_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  :_:  nor_CC  can_VM  strongholds_NNS  of_IO  tradition_NN  reinforced_VBN  with_IO  stubborn_JJ  religious_JJ  conviction_NN  ,_,  often_RR  biassed_VBN  and_CC  prejudiced_JJ  ,_,  be_VB0  broken_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  only_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS know_VV0  from_IO  inside_JB  experience_NN  can_VM  fully_RR  appreciate_VV0  how_CS much_DA  ,_,  how_CS very_RG  much_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  conference_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  held_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  delegates_NNS  came_VVD  together_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  untold_JJ  pitfalls_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  avoided_VBN  and_CC  difficulties_NNS  ironed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  already_RR  means_VBZ  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS participated_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  discussions_NNS  say_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  deeply_RR  conscious_JJ  that_CS    much_DA  prayer_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Church_NNL1    for_IO  this_DD1  conference_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  history_NN  may_VM  well_RR  prove_VV0  ,_,  marked_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  respect_NN  and_CC  co-operation_NN  between_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS name_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  in_IO  this_DD1  land_NN  .  
  tragic_JJ  reading_NN  though_CS  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  a_AT1  miracle_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  conference_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  for_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  Christians_NP2  must_VM  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  fair_JJ  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  resolutions_NNS  adopted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  become_VV0  operative_JJ  within_IO  the_AT1  Nederduitsch_&FW  Gereformeerde_&FW  Kerke_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Transvaal_NP  until_CS  their_APP$  respective_JJ  synods_NNS  accept_VV0  ,_,  amend_VV0  or_CC  reject_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  reasonably_RR  hoped_VBN  that_CS  responsible_JJ  leaders_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  two_MC  powerful_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  will_VM  bring_VV0  increasing_JJ  pressure_NN  to_TO  bear_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  for_IO  apartheid_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  strong_JJ  moral_JJ  basis_NN  .  
    delayed_JJ  action_NN    .  
  every_AT1  churchman_NN  who_PNQS wishes_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  informed_VBN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  spirit_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  should_VM  make_VV0  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  possessor_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  delayed_JJ  action_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ecumenical_JJ  witness_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Afrikaans_NN1  speaking_JJ  Church_NNL1  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  contributors_NNS  are_VBR  eleven_MC  leading_JJ  clergy_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  \0B_NP  \0B_NP  Keel_NP  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0S_NP  Geyser_NP  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  \0Dr_NNSB1  Ben_NP  Marais_NP  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  van_&FW  Selms_NP  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Hugo_NP  du_&FW  Plessis_NP  ,_,  \0Ds_NNSB1  \0M_NP  Redelinghuys_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0C_NP  Oosthuizen_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0A_NP  van_&FW  Wyk_NP  ,_,  \0Ds_NNSB1  \0C_NP  Stutterheim_NP  ,_,  \0Ds_NNSB1  \0C_NP  Hattingh_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0J_NP  Swan_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  named_VBN  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  eleven_MC  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  leaders_NNS  deliberately_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  quite_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  every_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  fully_RR  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Afrikaans_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  chapter_NN  titles_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  also_RR  significant_JJ  :_:    the_AT1  bell_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  tolled_VBN    ;_;    the_AT1  first_MD  gospel_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  unity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  as_IO  witness_NN  to_IO  Christ_NP    ;_;    the_AT1  Church_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  world_NN    ;_;    the_AT1  communion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Saints_NNSB2  and_CC  the_AT1  colour_NN  problem_NN    ;_;    the_AT1  new_JJ  era_NN  and_CC  Christian_JJ  calling_NN  regarding_IO  the_AT1  Bantu_NP2  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP    ;_;    developing_VBG  an_AT1  indigenous_JJ  Church_NNL1  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP    ;_;    communication_NN  and_CC  human_JJ  values_NNS    ;_;    the_AT1  Church_NNL1  and_CC  racial_JJ  ideology_NN    ;_;    Christianity_NN1  and_CC  nationalism_NN      the_AT1  prophetic_JJ  calling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  towards_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  .    
  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  composite_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  expresses_VBZ  forcibly_RR  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  at_IO  long_JJ  last_NN  ,_,  after_IO    delayed_JJ  action_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  strongholds_NNS  of_IO  spiritual_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ    apartheid_NN    are_VBR  being_VBG  permeated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  realisation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  walls_NNS  of_IO  Jericho_NP  do_VD0  weaken_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  continued_JJ  blast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trumpets_NNS  of_IO  truth_NN  .  
  \0E_NP  \0H_NP  Wade_NP  .  
    the_AT1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  about_IO  power_NN    .  
  Valerie_NP  Pitt_NP  writes_VBZ  on_IO  Christian_JJ  choice_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  Aneurin_NP  Bevan_NP  said_VVD  ,_,      the_AT1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  about_IO  power_NN  ,_,    and_CC  any_DD  serious_JJ    and_CC  honest_JJ    politician_NN  will_VM  agree_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  politics_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  control_NN  and_CC  management_NN  of_IO  power_NN  ,_,  and_CC  power_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  abstraction_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wealth_NN  and_CC  weapons_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  brute_JB  force_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  numbers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  above_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  command_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  loyalties_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  theories_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  forces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  reasons_NNS  for_IO  believing_VBG  that_CS  X's_PPIO2  party_NN  ,_,  class_NN  or_CC  nation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  trusted_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  where_CS Y's_PPIO2  can_VM  not_XX  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  day_NN  to_IO  day_NN  business_NN  of_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  at_IO  \0U.N.O_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  parish_NN  council_NN  meeting_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  struggle_NN  with_IO  or_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  released_VBN  by_IO  events_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  convictions_NNS  and_CC  abilities_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  old_JJ  and_CC  settled_JJ  societies_NNS  like_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  are_VBR  obscured_VBN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  normally_RR  expressed_VBN  in_IO  violence_NN  .  
  our_APP$  deepest_JJT  instinct_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  reject_VV0  the_AT1  brute_JB  force_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  riots_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  as_CS  a-political_JJ  .  since_CS  for_IO  us_PPIO2   politics_NN  is_VBZ  politikos_&FW  ,_,  civilis_&FW  ,_,  that_DD1  which_DDQ  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  citizen_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  citizen_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  constitutional_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  responsible_JJ  .  
  and_CC  indeed_RR  the_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  power_NN  and_CC  responsibility_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  essential_JJ  achievement_NN  of_IO  any_DD  civilisation_NN  .  
  Machiavelli_NP  .  
  but_CCB  Machiavelli_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  much_RR  less_RG  respectable_JJ  author_NN  than_IO  Aristotle_NP  ,_,  taught_VVD  us_PPIO2   that_CS  politics_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  policy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  power_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  manipulation_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  events_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cause_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  ruler_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  nation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  violence_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  power_NN  game_NN  is_VBZ  played_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  only_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  skilfully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  quietly_RR  conducted_VBN  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  graceful_JJ  accomplishment_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  finely_RR  worked_VBN  hand-made_JJ  lace_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  very_DA  word_NN  lace_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  charming_JJ  derivation_NN  ,_,  stemming_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  French_JJ  las_&FW  ,_,  coming_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  laqueus_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  snare_NN  ,_,  allied_VBN  to_IO  lacere_&FW  ,_,  to_TO  entice_VV0  .  
  certainly_RR  all_DB  who_PNQS make_VV0  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  lace-craft_NN  become_VV0  enmeshed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  coloured_VBN  history_NN    a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  proud_JJ  queens_NNS  and_CC  pious_JJ  ecclesiastics_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  statesmen_NNS  ,_,  burghers_NNS  and_CC  poor_JJ  ,_,  under-privileged_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  human_JJ  passions_NNS  are_VBR  drawn_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  threads_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  saintliness_NN  to_IO  downright_JB  sinfulness_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  smuggler_NN  running_VBG    laces_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  lady_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  highwayman_NN  meeting_VBG  death_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  gallows_NNS    in_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  show_NN  of_IO  hand-made_JJ  lace_NN    .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  origins_NNS  of_IO  lace-making_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  trace_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  existed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  thirteenth_MD  century_NN  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  rule_NN  for_IO  English_JJ  nuns_NNS  ,_,  cautioning_VBG  them_PPHO1  against_IO  devoting_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  to_IO  lace-making_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  detriment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  !_!  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  laces_NNS  that_PNQS survive_VV0  today_NN1  are_VBR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  invariably_RR  those_DD2  made_VBN  by_IO  nuns_NNS  for_IO  use_NN  on_IO  Church_NNL1  linen_NN  and_CC  vestments_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  long_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  before_CS  less_RG  pious_JJ  hands_NNS  took_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  lovely_JJ  craft_NN  of_IO  lace-making_NN  .  
  lace_NN  became_VVD  the_AT1  servant_NN  of_IO  vanity_NN  and_CC  lent_VVD  its_APP$  rich_JJ  decoration_NN  to_IO  robes_NNS  and_CC  dresses_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  thinks_VBZ  particularly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  extravagant_JJ  Elizabethan_JJ  ruffs_NNS  and_CC  Carolean_JJ  collars_NNS  .  
  under_IO  Cromwell_NP  lace_NN  was_VBDZ  dismissed_VBN  as_CS  ungodly_JJ    at_RR  least_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  and_CC  lower_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  puritan_JJ  beauties_NNS  managed_VVD  to_TO  salve_VV0  their_APP$  consciences_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  indulge_VV0  their_APP$  love_NN  for_IO  beautiful_JJ  lace_NN  by_IO  representing_VBG  subjects_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  designs_NNS      religious_JJ  petticoats_NNS    ,_,  scoffed_VVD  the_AT1  satirists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  diaries_NNS  of_IO  Samuel_NP  Pepys_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  man_NN  for_IO  lace_NN    paying_VBG  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  *+3_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  lace_NN  collar_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mean_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  as_RG  much_DA  for_IO  his_APP$  lady_NN  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  records_VBZ  testily_RR  :_:  
    my_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  out_RP  about_IO  my_APP$  not_XX  being_VBG  willing_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  her_APP$  gown_NN  laced_VBN  .    
  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  sympathy_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  advertisement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  Charles_NP  2_MC  stating_VBG  :_:  
    lost_VBN  :_:  a_AT1  lawn_NN  handkercher_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  broad_JJ  hem_NN  laced_VBN  round_RP  with_IO  fine_JJ  point_NN  lace_NN  about_RR  four_MC  fingers_NNS  broad_JJ    and_CC  among_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  left_VBN  by_IO  Nell_NP  Gwyn_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unpaid_JJ  bill_NN  for_IO    scarlet_JJ  satin_NN  shoes_NNS  with_IO  silver_JJ  lace_NN    .  
  the_AT1  records_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  tender_JJ  trifles_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  touching_JJ  but_CCB  then_RL  lace_NN  does_VBZ  place_VV0  upon_IO  everything_PN1  a_AT1  delicate_JJ  sentiment_NN  .  
  lucky_JJ  indeed_RGA  are_VBR  the_AT1  families_NNS  that_PNQS possess_VV0  a_AT1  heritage_NN  of_IO  lace_NN  .  
  a_AT1  lace_NN  bridal_JJ  veil_NN  handed_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  mother_NN  to_IO  daughters_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  lace-trimmed_JJ  christening_NN  robe_NN  that_PNQS each_DD1  generation_NN  wears_VBZ  in_IO  turn_NN    these_DD2  are_VBR  proud_JJ  possessions_NNS  ,_,  linked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  exquisite_JJ  lace-making_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  but_CCB  lace-making_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  a_AT1  lost_JJ  art_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  suffered_VVD  a_AT1  decline_NN  and_CC  fell_VVD  into_IO  lamentably_RR  low_JJ  standards_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fussy_JJ  over-furnishing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Victorian_JJ  age_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  take_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  lapse_NN  in_IO  good_JJ  taste_NN  to_TO  destroy_VV0  this_DD1  lovely_JJ  ,_,  viable_JJ  craft_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  readily_RR  adapted_VBN  itself_PPX1  to_IO  modern_JJ  tastes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  illustrations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  pages_NNS  will_VM  show_VV0  how_CS completely_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  sympathy_NN  with_IO  contemporary_JJ  surroundings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  how_CS ,_,  with_IO  bold_JJ  design_NN  and_CC  rich_JJ  colour_NN  ,_,  knitting_NN  ,_,  crochet_NN  and_CC  tatting_NN  in_IO  fine_JJ  and_CC  medium-weight_JB  cottons_NNS  can_VM  give_VV0  striking_JJ  individuality_NN  to_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  .  
  chairbacks_NNS  ,_,  cushions_NNS  ,_,  tablecloths_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  mention_VV0  only_RR  three_MC    how_CS satisfying_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  ready-made_JJ  in_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  by_IO  one's_$  own_DA  handiwork_NN  produce_VV0  something_PN1  that_PNQS reflects_VBZ  true_JJ  creative_JJ  talent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  delicate_JJ  patterns_NNS  and_CC  finer_JJ  threads_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  reserved_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  a_AT1  light_JJ  and_CC  lovely_JJ  touch_NN  to_IO  personal_JJ  possessions_NNS    a_AT1  lace_NN  border_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  ,_,  fine-lace_JB  insertion_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  petticoat_NN  or_CC  blouse_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tatted_JJ  edge_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  collar_NN  ;_;  these_DD2  add_VV0  a_AT1  charming_JJ  ,_,  feminine_JJ  distinction_NN  that_PNQS nothing_PN1  else_RR  can_VM  give_VV0  .  
  although_CS  we_PPIS2  assess_VV0  lace-making_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  feminine_JJ  skills_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  well-loved_JJ  traditional_JJ  patterns_NNS  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  follow_VV0  today_NN1  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  brain-children_NNS  of_IO  inventive_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  for_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  order_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  men_NNS  designed_VVD  and_CC  worked_VVD  lace_NN  as_RG  well_RR  as_IO  women_NNS  and_CC  special_JJ  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  teach_VV0  lace-making_NN  not_XX  only_RR  to_IO  young_JJ  girls_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  little_JJ  boys_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  whole_JJ  families_NNS  made_VVD  their_APP$  livelihood_NN  by_IO  lace-making_NN  and_CC  consequently_RR  a_AT1  folklore_NN  of_IO  song_NN  ,_,  festival_NN  and_CC  courtship_NN  grew_VVD  up_RP  around_IO  the_AT1  lace_NN  industry_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  interested_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  history_NN  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  reading_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  charming_JJ  coquetteries_NNS  the_AT1  lace-makers_NNS  practised_VVD  .  
  that_CS  their_APP$  work_NN  required_VVD  smooth_JJ  white_JJ  hands_NNS  and_CC  delicate_JJ  fingers_NNS  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  refinement_NN  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  in_IO  presenting_VBG  this_DD1  book_NN  of_IO  lace-craft_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  remember_VV0  with_IO  deep_JJ  gratitude_NN  all_DB  who_PNQS gave_VVD  their_APP$  skills_NNS  to_IO  lace_NN  design_NN  and_CC  lace_NN  making_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  remember_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  their_APP$  great_JJ  accomplishments_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  hard-working_JJ  lifetime_NN  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  grateful_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  handed_VVD  on_RP  their_APP$  knowledge_NN  to_IO  others_DA2  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  craft_NN  is_VBZ  founded_VBN  on_IO  inherited_JJ  skills_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  who_PNQS love_VV0  lace-craft_NN  hope_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  that_PNQS this_DD1  book_NN  offers_VBZ  in_IO  such_DA  variety_NN    but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  may_VM  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  a_AT1  plea_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  also_RR  guide_VV0  other_DA  hands_NNS  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  threads_NNS  .  
  only_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  handed_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  mother_NN  to_IO  daughter_NN  ,_,  by_IO  teacher_NN  to_IO  pupil_NN  ,_,  can_VM  this_DD1  fascinating_JJ  and_CC  deeply_RR  satisfying_JJ  craft_NN  continue_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  its_APP$  rewards_NNS  to_IO  younger_JJ  generations_NNS  .  
  crochet_VV0  stitches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  crochet_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  old_JJ  indeed_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  details_NNS  available_JJ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  any_DD  accurate_JJ  information_NN  as_IO  to_II  its_APP$  history_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  associated_VBN  with_IO  France_NP  ,_,  as_CS  its_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  French_JJ  word_NN  for_IO  hook_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  hook_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  crochet_NN  lace_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  crochet_NN  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  convents_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  without_IO  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  nuns_NNS  who_PNQS carried_VVD  the_AT1  craft_NN  to_IO  Ireland_NP  .  
  there_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  developed_VBN  into_IO  quite_DA  an_AT1  elaborate_JJ  and_CC  distinctive_JJ  form_NN  with_IO  rosettes_NNS  ,_,  leaves_NNS  and_CC  lace_NN  fillings_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Victoria_NP  this_DD1  gentle_JJ  craft_NN  was_VBDZ  greatly_RR  abused_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  remember_VV0  with_IO  horror_NN  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  overcrowded_JJ  and_CC  over-embellished_JJ  drawing-rooms_NNS  complete_JJ  with_IO  heavy_JJ  crochet_NN  antimacassars_NNS  ,_,  mantelpiece_NN  covers_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  fringing_NN  of_IO  clumsy_JJ  bobbles_NNS  and_CC  numerous_JJ  other_DA  crocheted_JJ  pieces_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  some_DD  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  Victorian_JJ  period_NN  that_CS  designers_NNS  realised_VVD  the_AT1  potentialities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  craft_NN  ,_,  and_CC  crochet_NN  was_VBDZ  revived_VBN  with_IO  designs_NNS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  contemporary_JJ  trends_NNS  .  
  crochet_NN  today_NN1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  uses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  even_RR  stepped_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  elegant_JJ  boutiques_NNS  of_IO  Paris_NP  hand-crocheted_JJ  blouses_NNS  ,_,  gossamer_NN  fine_JJ  in_IO  texture_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  sold_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  price_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  time_NN  and_CC  concentration_NN  the_AT1  woman_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  can_VM  produce_VV0  fashion_NN  articles_NNS  as_RG  elegant_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Paris_NP    a_AT1  blouse_NN  ,_,  delicate_JJ  gloves_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  edging_NN  for_IO  collar_NN  ,_,  cuffs_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  crochet_NN  lace_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  tablecloths_NNS  ,_,  traycloths_NNS  and_CC  runners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  edgings_NNS  from_IO  heavy_JJ  to_IO  fine_JJ  can_VM  fulfil_VV0  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  functions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  crochet_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reasonably_RR  quick_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  pages_NNS  simple_JJ  diagrams_NNS  and_CC  instructions_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  beginner_NN  to_TO  master_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  essential_JJ  crochet_NN  stitches_NNS  .  
  from_IO  these_DD2  a_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  designs_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  which_DDQ  show_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  stitches_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  notes_NNS  and_CC  designs_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  on_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  various_JJ  styles_NNS  of_IO  crochet_NN  ,_,  motifs_NNS  ,_,  edgings_NNS  ,_,  doilies_NNS  ,_,  filet_NN  crochet_NN  ,_,  church_NN  laces_NNS  ,_,  pineapple_NN  pattern_NN  and_CC  Irish_JJ  crochet_NN  .  
  crochet_NN  abbreviations_NNS  .  
  \0ch_NNU    chain_NN  ;_;  \0ss_NNU    slip_NN  stitch_NN  ;_;  \0dc_NNU    double_JJ  crochet_NN  ;_;  \0hlf_DB  \0tr_JJ    half_DB  treble_JJ  ;_;  \0tr_JJ    treble_JJ  ;_;  \0dbl_JJ  \0tr_JJ    double_JJ  treble_JJ  ;_;  \0trip_JJ  \0tr_JJ    triple_JJ  treble_JJ  ;_;  \0quad_JJ  \0tr_JJ    quadruple_JJ  treble_JJ  ;_;  \0quint_JJ  \0tr_JJ    quintuple_JJ  treble_JJ  ;_;  \0rnd_JJ    round_JJ  ;_;  \0blk_NN    block_NN  ;_;  \0sp_NN    space_NN  ;_;  \0st_NN  (_(  s_ZZ1  )_)    stitch_NN  (_(  es_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  */_&FO  (_(  asterisk_NN  )_)  :_:  
  repeat_VV0  the_AT1  instructions_NNS  following_IO  the_AT1  asterisk_NN  as_RG  many_DA  more_DA  times_NNS  as_CS  specified_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  directions_NNS  you_PPY  will_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  following_JJ  phrases_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  repeat_VV0  from_IO  */_&FO  across_RP  .  
  2_MC  .  
  repeat_VV0  from_IO  */_&FO  all_RR  round_RP  .  
  3_MC  .  
  repeat_VV0  from_IO  */_&FO  3_MC  (_(  or_CC  any_DD  number_NN  )_)  times_NNS  more_DA  .  
  in_IO  \0Nos_NNS  1_MC1  and_CC  2_MC  follow_VV0  the_AT1  directions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  to_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  */_&FO  (_(  asterisk_NN  )_)  completely_RR  across_IO  row_NN  or_CC  all_RR  round_RP  .  
  in_IO  \0no_NN  3_MC  follow_VV0  the_AT1  directions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  */_&FO  (_(  asterisk_NN  )_)  as_RG  many_DA  times_NNS  as_CS  specified_VBN  .  
  repeat_VV0  instructions_NNS  in_IO  parentheses_NNS  as_RG  many_DA  times_NNS  as_CS  specified_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,    (_(  5_MC  \0ch_NNU  ,_,  1_MC1  \0dc_NNU  in_IO  next_DA  \0dc_NNU  )_)  5_MC  times_NNS    means_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  all_DB  in_IO  parentheses_NNS  5_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  inserting_VBG  crochet_NN  into_IO  linen_NN  .  
  first_RR  launder_VV0  crochet_NN  and_CC  then_RL  pin_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  required_JJ  shape_NN  ,_,  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  all_DB  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crochet_NN  are_VBR  accurate_JJ  .  
  place_VV0  crochet_NN  in_IO  correct_JJ  position_NN  on_IO  linen_NN  and_CC  secure_VV0  with_IO  pins_NNS  .  
  run_VV0  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  basting_NN  stitches_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  linen_NN  following_VBG  the_AT1  outline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crochet_NN  edges_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  linen_NN  .  
  remove_VV0  crochet_NN  .  
  two_MC  methods_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  crochet_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  linen_NN  :_:  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  button_VV0  stitch_VB"  round_IO  the_AT1  outline_NN  of_IO  basting_NN  stitches_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  knotted_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  button_NN  stitch_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  edge_NN  .  
  oversew_VV0  crochet_NN  to_IO  button_NN  stitch_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  turn_VV0  under_II  a_AT1  small_JJ  hem_NN  ,_,  with_IO  fold_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  line_NN  of_IO  basting_NN  stitches_NNS  .  
  work_VV0  a_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  \0dc_NNU  all_RR  round_IO  this_DD1  hem_NN  ,_,  with_IO  3_MC  \0dc_NNU  at_IO  each_DD1  corner_NN  .  
  oversew_VV0  crochet_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0dc_NNU  .  
  Coats_NP  Mercer-Crochet_NP  .  
  a_AT1  household_NN  word_NN  ,_,  Coats_NP  Mercer-Crochet_NP  possesses_VBZ  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  worker_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  washes_VBZ  beautifully_RR  ,_,  never_RR  loses_VBZ  its_APP$  colour_NN  nor_CC  becomes_VBZ    stringy_JJ    ,_,  is_VBZ  very_RG  elastic_JJ  and_CC  preserves_VBZ  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  with_IO  ,_,  soft_JJ  ,_,  glossy_JJ  and_CC  of_IO  uniform_JJ  thickness_NN    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  crochet_NN  thread_NN  .  
  obtainable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  shades_NNS  :_:  **[list**]_&FO  .  
  how_CS to_TO  turn_VV0  your_APP$  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  crochet_NN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  chain_NN  stitches_NNS  are_VBR  added_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  row_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  work_NN  in_IO  position_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  row_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  turned_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  side_NN  is_VBZ  facing_VBG  the_AT1  worker_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  turning_NN  chains_NNS  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  stitch_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  begin_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  row_NN  .  
  double_JJ  crochet_NN  (_(  \0dc_NNU  )_)    1_MC1  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  half_DB  treble_JJ  (_(  \0hlf_DB  \0tr_JJ  )_)    2_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  treble_JJ  (_(  \0tr_JJ  )_)    3_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  double_JJ  treble_JJ  (_(  \0dbl_JJ  \0tr_JJ  )_)    4_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  triple_JJ  treble_JJ  (_(  \0trip_JJ  \0tr_JJ  )_)    5_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  quadruple_JJ  treble_JJ  (_(  \0qua_JJ  \0tr_JJ  )_)    6_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  ;_;  quintuple_JJ  treble_JJ  (_(  \0quint_JJ  \0tr_JJ  )_)    7_MC  \0ch_NNU  to_TO  turn_VV0  .  
  crochet_VV0  threads_NNS  .  
  remember_VV0  that_DD1  texture_NN  plays_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  crochet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  finer_JJ  mercerised_JJ  threads_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  effective_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  designs_NNS  used_VBN  for_IO  tablecloths_NNS  ,_,  doilies_NNS  ,_,  edgings_NNS  and_CC  accessories_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  heavier_JJ  threads_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  for_IO  bedspreads_NNS  ,_,  chairbacks_NNS  ,_,  luncheon_NN  mats_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  crochet_VV0  hooks_NNS  .  
  crochet_VV0  hooks_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  of_IO  steel_NN  ,_,  composition_NN  or_CC  bone_NN  .  
  steel_NN  crochet_NN  hooks_NNS  range_VV0  in_IO  size_NN  from_IO  number_NN  3/0_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  largest_JJT  ,_,  to_IO  number_NN  8_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  .  
  each_DD1  size_NN  of_IO  hook_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  thread_NN  .  
  to_TO  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  correct_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  use_VV0  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  hook_NN  specified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  directions_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  correct_JJ  numbers_NNS  to_TO  use_VV0  with_IO  Mercer-Crochet_NP  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  practice_NN  pieces_NNS  .  
  directions_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  practice_NN  piece_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  stitch_NN  that_PNQS you_PPY  learn_VV0  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  become_VBN  proficient_JJ  in_IO  these_DD2  stitches_NNS  ,_,  attractive_JJ  articles_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  directions_NNS  included_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  .  
  step_NN  1_MC1    make_VV0  a_AT1  loop_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  grasp_VV0  thread_NN  near_IO  end_NN  between_IO  thumb_NN  and_CC  forefinger_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  make_VV0  a_AT1  loop_NN  by_IO  lapping_VBG  long_JJ  thread_NN  over_IO  short_JJ  thread_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  hold_VV0  loop_NN  in_IO  place_NN  between_IO  thumb_NN  and_CC  forefinger_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  step_NN  2_MC  .  
  1_MC1  .  take_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  broad_JJ  bar_NN  of_IO  hook_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  a_AT1  pencil_NN  .  
  bring_VV0  middle_JB  finger_NN  forward_RR  to_TO  rest_VV0  near_IO  tip_NN  of_IO  hook_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  insert_VV0  hook_NN  through_IO  loop_NN  and_CC  under_IO  long_JJ  thread_NN  .  
  catch_VV0  long_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  thread_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  draw_VV0  loop_NN  through_RP  .  
  3_MC  .  do_VD0  not_XX  remove_VV0  hook_NN  from_IO  thread_NN  .  
  step_NN  3_MC  .  
  pull_VV0  short_JJ  end_NN  and_CC  ball_NN  thread_NN  in_IO  opposite_JJ  directions_NNS  to_TO  bring_VV0  loop_NN  close_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hook_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  too_RG  tight_JJ  (_(  \0fig_NN  3_MC  )_)  .  
  step_NN  4_MC  .  
  loop_VV0  thread_NN  round_IO  little_JJ  finger_NN  ,_,  across_IO  palm_NN  and_CC  behind_IO  forefinger_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  step_NN  5_MC  .  
  1_MC1  .  grasp_VV0  hook_NN  and_CC  loop_NN  between_IO  thumb_NN  and_CC  forefinger_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  gently_RR  pull_VV0  ball_NN  thread_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  lies_VBZ  around_IO  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  firmly_RR  but_CCB  not_XX  tightly_RR  (_(  \0fig_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  making_VBG  tapered_JJ  legs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  furniture_NN  has_VHZ  tapered_JJ  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  reproduction_NN  period_JB  pieces_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  frequently_RR  used_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  simpler_JJ  varieties_NNS  are_VBR  extremely_RR  easy_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  four_MC  sides_NNS  being_VBG  simply_RR  planed_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  required_JJ  taper_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  elaborate_JJ  varieties_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  toe_NN  is_VBZ  worked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  solid_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  certainly_RR  complicates_VBZ  the_AT1  operation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  calls_VBZ  for_IO  accurate_JJ  workmanship_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  awkward_JJ  feature_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  plane_NN  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  extent_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  projecting_JJ  toe_NN  prevents_VBZ  its_APP$  being_VBG  taken_VBN  right_RR  through_RP  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  leg_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  taper_NN  the_AT1  procedure_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  straightforward_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  wood_NN  is_VBZ  first_RR  planed_VBN  parallel_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  section_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pencil_NN  lines_NNS  marking_VBG  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  squared_VBN  round_RP  on_RP  to_IO  all_DB  four_MC  sides_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  end_NN  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  is_VBZ  gauged_VBN  in_RP  ,_,  again_RR  on_IO  all_DB  four_MC  sides_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  help_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  marks_NNS  are_VBR  nicked_VBN  in_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  about_RR  1/8_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  no_AT1  more_DA  )_)  on_IO  two_MC  opposite_JJ  faces_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  essential_JJ  .  
  \0fig_NN  2_MC  (_(  A_ZZ1  )_)  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  .  
  two_MC  opposite_JJ  faces_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  planed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  gauge_NN  lines_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  panel_NN  or_CC  trying_NN  plane_NN  being_VBG  used_VBN  for_IO  legs_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  length_NN  .  
  for_IO  short_JJ  ones_CD1S  a_AT1  smoothing_NN  plane_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  gauge_NN  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  nick_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  tapers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  planed_JJ  surfaces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  treated_VBN  as_CS  before_II  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unnecessary_JJ  to_TO  mark_VV0  the_AT1  taper_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  straight-edge_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  relies_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  sole_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  tapered_JJ  surfaces_NNS  straight_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  gauge_NN  marks_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  end_NN  reveals_VBZ  when_CS the_AT1  required_JJ  amount_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  removed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  care_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  plane_NN  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  squared_JJ  pencil_NN  line_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  accurate_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  straight-edge_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  test_VV0  the_AT1  straightness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  .  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  better_JJ  to_TO  complete_VV0  any_DD  mortising_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  tapering_NN  is_VBZ  begun_VBN  .  
  some_DD  plain_JJ  tapered_JJ  legs_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  taper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  inner_JB  faces_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  outer_JB  surfaces_NNS  being_VBG  vertical_JJ  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  B_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  leg_NN  with_IO  toe_NN  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  leg_NN  such_IO  as_II  that_DD1  at_IO  (_(  D_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  square_NN  is_VBZ  first_RR  marked_VBN  out_RP  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  A_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  note_VV0  that_DD1  squared_JJ  lines_NNS  marking_VBG  the_AT1  top_JB  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  are_VBR  needed_VBN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  upper_JB  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  mark_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  with_IO  pencil_NN  and_CC  straight-edge_NN  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  B_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  a_AT1  saw_NN  cut_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  toe_NN  line_NN  exactly_RR  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  line_NN  ,_,  no_RR  farther_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  help_NN  in_IO  guiding_VBG  the_AT1  saw_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  line_NN  is_VBZ  squared_VBN  round_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  chisel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  sloping_JJ  groove_NN  chiselled_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  waste_NN  side_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  keen_JJ  ,_,  wide_JJ  chisel_NN  the_AT1  wood_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  eased_VBN  away_RP  above_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  B_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  mallet_NN  used_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  chisel_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  help_NN  providing_CS  care_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  cut_VV0  in_RP  too_RG  deeply_RR  .  
  finish_VV0  off_RP  with_IO  hand_NN  pressure_NN  only_RR  ,_,  and_CC  make_VV0  the_AT1  final_JJ  cut_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  notch_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  alignment_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  largely_RR  worked_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  smoothing_NN  plane_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  largely_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  grain_NN  ,_,  holding_VBG  the_AT1  plane_NN  askew_RR  as_CS  otherwise_RR  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  clear_VV0  the_AT1  toe_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  4_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  smoothing_NN  plane_NN  in_IO  use_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  .  
  to_TO  finish_VV0  off_RP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  a_AT1  help_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  wide_JJ  flat_JJ  file_NN  taken_VBN  along_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bullnose_NN  plane_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  invaluable_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  scraper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  by_IO  glasspaper_NN  wrapped_VBN  around_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  block_NN  used_VBN  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  C_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  two_MC  sides_NNS  follow_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  draw_VV0  in_IO  pencil_NN  lines_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  tapered_JJ  surfaces_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  cutting_NN  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  (_(  D_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  toe_NN  .  
  for_IO  convenience_NN  in_IO  handling_VBG  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  convenient_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  the_AT1  hollow_JJ  moulding_NN  before_IO  planing_VBG  the_AT1  taper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  .  
  mark_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  pencil_NN  the_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hollow_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  pencil_NN  and_CC  finger_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  gauge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  cut_VV0  a_AT1  chamfer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  keen_JJ  chisel_NN  on_IO  all_DB  four_MC  sides_NNS  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  D_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  cut_VV0  inwards_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  chisel_NN  from_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  far_JJ  corner_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  splinter_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  cut_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  pencil_NN  lines_NNS  .  
  to_TO  work_VV0  the_AT1  hollow_NN  a_AT1  rat-tail_JB  file_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  entirety_NN  as_CS  at_IO  (_(  E_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  waste_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  gouge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  file_NN  used_VBN  to_TO  finish_VV0  off_RP  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  glasspaper_NN  wrapped_VBN  around_IO  a_AT1  shaped_JJ  rubber_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  to_TO  smooth_VV0  the_AT1  hollow_NN  finally_RR  .  
  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  toe_NN  the_AT1  smoothing_NN  plane_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  taper_NN  .  
  finish_VV0  the_AT1  two_MC  opposite_JJ  sides_NNS  first_RR  ,_,  and_CC  follow_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  remaining_JJ  faces_NNS  .  
  machined_JJ  legs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  a_AT1  machine_NN  planer_NN  can_VM  work_VV0  a_AT1  plain_JJ  tapered_JJ  leg_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  entirety_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  a_AT1  fairly_RR  close_JJ  approximation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  with_IO  toe_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  design_NN  at_IO  (_(  F_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  is_VBZ  formed_VBN  entirely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  planer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  5_MC  and_CC  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  rear_JB  table_NN  is_VBZ  set_VBN  level_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  tips_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cutters_NNS  as_CS  in_IO  normal_JJ  planing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  front_JB  one_MC1  is_VBZ  lowered_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  amount_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  depth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taper_NN  .  
  two_MC  stops_NNS  are_VBR  fixed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fence_NN  to_TO  limit_VV0  the_AT1  travel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  .  
  the_AT1  square_NN  of_IO  wood_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  level_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  stop_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  lowered_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  revolving_JJ  cutters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wood_NN  is_VBZ  pushed_VBN  forward_RR  until_CS  it_PPH1  reaches_VBZ  the_AT1  back_JB  stop_NN  .  
  note_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pusher_NN  stick_NN  as_CS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  7_MC  .  
  each_DD1  side_NN  is_VBZ  dealt_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  taper_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  begin_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  extreme_JJ  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  ,_,  either_LE  the_AT1  leg_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  about_RR  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  long_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  taper_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  started_VBN  about_RR  a_AT1  similar_JJ  amount_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  and_CC  finished_VBN  afterwards_RR  by_IO  hand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  square_NN  is_VBZ  lowered_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  revolving_JJ  cutters_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cut_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  rest_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  lip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  table_NN  as_CS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  6_MC  .  
  unless_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  grabbed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  cutters_NNS  and_CC  chewed_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  depth_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  spoiling_VBG  the_AT1  leg_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  easily_RR  cause_VV0  an_AT1  accident_NN  and_CC  may_VM  stall_VV0  the_AT1  machine_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  cost_VV0  to_TO  start_VV0  woodwork_NN  .  
  only_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  done_VBN  woodwork_NN  for_IO  any_DD  length_NN  of_IO  time_NN  can_VM  realise_VV0  the_AT1  fascination_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  .  
  many_DA  a_AT1  man_NN  has_VHZ  started_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  something_PN1  in_IO  wood_NN  ,_,  possibly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  economic_JJ  necessity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  then_RL  continued_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  woodwork_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sheer_JB  joy_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  something_PN1  begun_VBN  in_IO  compulsion_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  thing_NN  of_IO  lasting_JJ  satisfaction_NN  .  
  but_CCB  why_CS woodwork_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  reasons_NNS  .  
  wood_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  common_JJ  supply_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  lends_VBZ  itself_PPX1  to_IO  making_VBG  innumerable_JJ  useful_JJ  household_NN  items_NNS    furniture_NN  ,_,  fitments_NNS  ,_,  garden_NN  items_NNS  ,_,  toys_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  enables_VBZ  results_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  fairly_RR  quickly_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  less_RG  expensive_JJ  than_IO  most_DA  other_DA  materials_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  material_NN  to_TO  work_VV0  with_IO  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  create_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  mess_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_DB  clean_JJ  and_CC  easily_RR  cleared_VBN  away_RP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  equipment_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  brings_VBZ  us_PPIO2   straightway_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  to_TO  start_VV0  woodwork_NN  .  
  most_DA  households_NNS  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  basic_JJ  tools_NNS    probably_RR  a_AT1  hammer_NN  ,_,  pincers_NNS  ,_,  screwdriver_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  does_VBZ  not_XX  get_VV0  far_RR  with_IO  these_DD2  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  considered_VBN  the_AT1  matter_NN  partly_RR  from_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  or_CC  desirable_JJ  to_TO  start_VV0  woodwork_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  taking_VBG  into_IO  account_NN  the_AT1  long-term_JB  likelihood_NN  of_IO  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  better_JJ  class_NN  work_NN  being_VBG  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  power_NN  being_VBG  used_VBN  to_TO  supplement_VV0  hand_NN  tools_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  point_NN  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  important_JJ  because_CS  almost_RR  everyone_PN1  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  recognise_VV0  that_CS  machines_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  only_RR  an_AT1  economic_JJ  necessity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  drudgery_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  installation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  tool_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  elementary_JJ  example_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  pretend_VV0  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  ripping_VBG  out_RP  parts_NNS  from_IO  hardwood_NN  .  
  most_DA  men_NNS  would_VM  unhesitatingly_RR  use_VV0  a_AT1  machine_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  available_JJ  .  
  choice_NN  of_IO  tools_NNS  .  
  coming_VBG  now_RL  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  tools_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  cost_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  begin_VV0  with_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  called_VBN  a_AT1  bare_JJ  minimum_JJ  kit_NN  .  
  probably_RR  most_DA  men_NNS  have_VH0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  tools_NNS  already_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  enable_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  simple_JJ  ,_,  straight-forward_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  beginning_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  other_DA  tools_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  added_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  need_NN  arises_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  dictate_VV0  the_AT1  additions_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  guide_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  given_VBN  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  kit_NN  which_DDQ  increases_VBZ  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  enormously_RR  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  still_RR  further_JB  development_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  follow_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  basic_JJ  kit_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  fuller_JJ  kit_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  in_IO  its_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  bare_JJ  minimum_JJ  kit_NN  )_)  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  jobs_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  for_IO  advanced_JJ  cabinet_NN  work_NN  the_AT1  necessity_NN  for_IO  certain_JJ  special_JJ  tools_NNS  will_VM  become_VV0  obvious_JJ  .  
  lastly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  suggest_VV0  certain_JJ  power_NN  tools_NNS  and_CC  machines_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  will_VM  depend_VV0  partly_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  workshop_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  amount_NN  one_MC1  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  work_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  normally_RR  does_VBZ  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  advice_NN  generally_RR  .  
  do_VD0  not_XX  buy_VV0  so-called_JB  cheap_JJ  tools_NNS  or_CC  machines_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  never_RR  are_VBR  cheap_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  inaccurate_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  steel_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  soft_JJ  (_(  or_CC  possibly_RR  too_RG  hard_JJ  )_)  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  edge_NN  either_LE  crumbles_VBZ  or_CC  is_VBZ  brittle_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  they_PPHS2  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  robust_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  most_DA  tools_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  lead_VV0  an_AT1  intensive_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  faults_NNS  in_IO  design_NN  or_CC  quality_NN  soon_RR  become_VV0  apparent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  far_RR  better_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  fair_JJ  price_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  tool_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  handicap_VV0  yourself_PPX1  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .  
  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  slightly_RR  different_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  allow_VV0  yourself_PPX1  to_TO  blame_VV0  the_AT1  tools_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  job_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  turn_VV0  out_RP  quite_RR  right_JJ  !_!  
  if_CS  this_DD1  advice_NN  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  hand_NN  tools_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  more_RG  true_JJ  of_IO  machines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  machine_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  properly_RR  set-up_VBN  and_CC  used_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  do_VD0  accurate_JJ  work_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  fails_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  than_CS  useless_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  meant_VBN  to_TO  imply_VV0  that_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  precision_NN  machines_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  any_DD  use_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  expensive_JJ  types_NNS  intended_VBN  for_IO  home_NN1  use_NN  are_VBR  reliable_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  taking_VBG  into_IO  account_NN  the_AT1  limited_JJ  use_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  put_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  drill_NN  attachments_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  put_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  unsound_JJ  in_IO  design_NN  and_CC  poor_JJ  in_IO  quality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  point_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  occur_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  possible_JJ  later_JJ  purchase_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  machine_NN  may_VM  render_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  tools_NNS  redundant_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  instances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  apply_VV0  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  rebating_VBG  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  circular_JJ  saw_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  leaves_VBZ  a_AT1  sawn_JJ  finish_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  surface_NN  smooth_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  rebate_NN  plane_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  thus_RR  still_RR  needed_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  saw_NN  .  
  tool_NN  cabinet_NN  .  
  many_DA  men_NNS  with_IO  only_RR  limited_JJ  accommodation_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  their_APP$  woodwork_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  table_NN  .  
  providing_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  sound_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  perfectly_RR  good_JJ  work_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  usual_JJ  problems_NNS  are_VBR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  vice_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bench_NN  stop_NN  ,_,  and_CC  storage_NN  place_NN  for_IO  tools_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  combined_JJ  bench_NN  top_NN  and_CC  tool_NN  cupboard_NN  shown_VBN  here_RL  has_VHZ  been_VBN  specially_RR  designed_VBN  and_CC  made_VBN  for_IO  woodworker_NN  readers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  .  
  when_CS folded_VBN  up_RP  flat_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  stored_VBN  away_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  cupboard_NN  or_CC  outhouse_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS opened_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  roomy_JJ  bench_NN  top_NN  of_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  17_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  good_JJ  accommodation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  tools_NNS  .  
  more_DA  power_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  elbow_NN  .  
  time_NN  saved_VBN  is_VBZ  money_NN  saved_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS holes_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  bored_VBN  an_AT1  electric_JJ  drill_NN  will_VM  certainly_RR  save_VV0  one_MC1  heck_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  just_RR  that_DD1  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  few_DA  years_NNS  these_DD2  compact_JJ  power_NN  tools_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  developed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  stage_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  can_VM  tackle_VV0  almost_RR  any_DD  job_NN  you_PPY  care_VV0  to_TO  name_VV0  .  
  grinding_VBG  ,_,  paint_NN  mixing_NN  ,_,  precision_NN  turning_NN  or_CC  polishing_VBG  floors_NNS    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fair_JJ  bet_NN  that_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  drill_NN  accessory_NN  designed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  .  
  nowhere_RR  is_VBZ  a_AT1  power_NN  drill_NN  more_RG  useful_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  can_VM  form_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  workshop_NN  and_CC  so_RR  provide_VV0  near_II  professional_JJ  facilities_NNS  for_IO  maintenance_NN  and_CC  repair_NN  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  however_CS ingenious_JJ  an_AT1  attachment_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  its_APP$  power_NN  unit_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  before_IO  whaling_VBG  in_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  bank_NN  account_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  look_NN  around_RP  ,_,  comparing_VBG  specifications_NNS  and_CC  prices_NNS  and_CC  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  drill_NN  you_PPY  fancy_VV0  will_VM  drive_VV0  the_AT1  attachments_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  interested_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  popular_JJ  makes_NNS  of_IO  drill_NN  ,_,  produced_VBN  to_IO  exacting_JJ  standards_NNS  ,_,  offer_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  reliability_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  after-sales_JB  service_NN  .  
  on_IO  what_DDQ  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  does_VBZ  choice_NN  depend_VV0  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  on_IO  weight_NN  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ;_;  or_CC  on_IO  style_NN  .  
  one_MC1  maker_NN  discovered_VVD  that_CS  eye-appeal_NN  increased_VVD  his_APP$  sales_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  you_PPY  might_VM  fall_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  charming_JJ  pastel_JJ  shade_NN  !_!  
  then_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  practical_JJ  features_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  an_AT1  automatic_JJ  cut-out_NN  ,_,  or_CC  double_JJ  insulation_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  earthing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  .  
  anything_PN1  from_IO  about_RR  *+7_NNU  upwards_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  itself_PPX1    and_CC  ,_,  unless_CS  you_PPY  hold_VV0  yourself_PPX1  in_IO  check_NN  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  ten_MC  times_NNS  that_DD1  amount_NN  for_IO  accessories_NNS  !_!  
  but_CCB  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  manufacturers_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  sting_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  cash_NN  side_NN  by_IO  operating_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  hire-purchase_NN  schemes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  buyers'_NN2  guide_NN  to_IO  drills_NNS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  do-it-yourself_JB  enthusiast_NN  is_VBZ  appended_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  somewhere_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  list_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  power_NN  tool_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  your_APP$  needs_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS buying_VBG  ,_,  check_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  operating_NN  voltage_NN  (_(  marked_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  plate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  body_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  suited_VBN  to_IO  your_APP$  mains_JB  supply_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  to_TO  spin_VV0  the_AT1  chuck_NN  by_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  spindle_NN  is_VBZ  free-running_JJ  and_CC  has_VHZ  survived_VBN  the_AT1  trip_NN  from_IO  factory_NN  to_IO  dealer_NN  without_IO  damage_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  try_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  arrive_VV0  home_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  curb_VV0  your_APP$  impatience_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  .  
  check_VV0  ,_,  first_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  plug_NN  is_VBZ  properly_RR  connected_VBN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  green-covered_JJ  cable_NN  runs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  pin_NN  ,_,  red_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  pin_NN  marked_VBN    L_NC2    and_CC  black_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  pin_NN  marked_VBN    N_NC2  ,_,    then_RL  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  as_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  once_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  bought_VBN  your_APP$  drill_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  common_JJ  sense_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  it_PPH1  properly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  simple_JJ  maintenance_NN  will_VM  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  good_JJ  order_NN  almost_RR  indefinitely_RR  .  
  say_VV0  the_AT1  power-drill_NN  makers_NNS  ,_,  75_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  major_JJ  breakdowns_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  traced_VBN  to_IO  neglect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carbon-brush_JB  gear_NN  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  pays_VBZ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  regular_JJ  inspection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  brushes_NNS  ,_,  replacing_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  grade_NN  and_CC  size_NN  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  maker_NN  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  worn_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  third_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  original_JJ  length_NN  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  motor-cycle_NN  dynamo_NN  brushes_NNS  ,_,  care_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  bed_VV0  down_RP  properly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  commutator_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  pressure_NN  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  brushes_NNS  in_IO  close_JJ  contact_NN  .  
  ventilation_NN  holes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  body_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  free_JJ  from_IO  dust_NN  ,_,  screws_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  checked_VBN  for_IO  tightness_NN  regularly_RR  ,_,  and_CC    an_AT1  obvious_JJ  point_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR    cable_NN  leads_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  inspected_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  for_IO  signs_NNS  of_IO  fraying_VBG  or_CC  of_IO  faulty_JJ  connections_NNS  .  
  go_VV0  steady_RR  on_IO  greasing_VBG  and_CC  work_VV0  strictly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  instruction_NN  book_NN  ,_,  for_CS  too_RG  much_DA  grease_NN  can_VM  bring_VV0  a_AT1  train_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  cause_VV0  the_AT1  motor_NN  to_TO  overheat_VV0  .  
  overgreasing_VBG  the_AT1  rear_JB  bearing_NN  could_VM  foul_VV0  the_AT1  commutator_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  gear_NN  box_NN  a_AT1  stream_NN  of_IO  surplus_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  blown_VBN  into_IO  your_APP$  face_NN  !_!  
  if_CS  your_APP$  garage_NN  is_VBZ  damp_JJ  ,_,  play_VV0  safe_JJ  and_CC  keep_VV0  the_AT1  drill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  when_CS not_XX  in_IO  use_NN  ,_,  for_CS  damp_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  enemies_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  electric_JJ  motor_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS storing_VBG  the_AT1  drill_NN  ,_,  coil_VV0  the_AT1  cable_NN  neatly_RR  without_IO  kinks_NNS  or_CC  sharp_JJ  bends_NNS  .  
  when_CS removing_VBG  the_AT1  chuck_NN  or_CC  setting_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  tool_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  specific_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  always_RR  follow_VV0  the_AT1  maker's_NN1$  recommendation_NN  .  
  never_RR  push_VV0  a_AT1  screwdriver_NN  or_CC  other_DA  tool_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  jam_VV0  the_AT1  shaft_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  what_DDQ  damage_NN  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  causing_VBG  ,_,  nor_CC  will_VM  it_PPH1  show_VV0  until_CS  the_AT1  current_NN  is_VBZ  switched_VBN  on_RP  .  
  and_CC  should_VM  the_AT1  drill_NN  give_VV0  trouble_NN  send_VV0  it_PPH1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  manufacturer's_NN1$  service_NN  depot_NN  ,_,  for_CS  do-it-yourself_JB  repairs_NNS  are_VBR  ticklish_JJ  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  skilled_JJ  electrician_NN  .  
  factories_NNS  place_VV0  great_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  accident_NN  prevention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  important_JJ  that_CS  safety_NN  habits_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  developed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  workshop_NN  .  
  wear_VV0  overalls_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  loose_JJ  clothing_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  caught_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  moving_JJ  parts_NNS  (_(  ties_NNS  and_CC  shirt-sleeves_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  particularly_RR  vulnerable_JJ  )_)  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  wear_VV0  goggles_NNS    your_APP$  motor-cycle_NN  goggles_NNS  will_VM  serve_VV0  admirably_RR    when_CS pieces_NNS  of_IO  metal_NN  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  flying_VBG  about_RP  .  
  petrol_NN  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  inflammable_JJ  liquid_NN  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  working_NN  area_NN  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  spark_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  grinding_JJ  or_CC  sanding_NN  wheel_NN  can_VM  start_VV0  a_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  tip_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  disconnect_VV0  the_AT1  tool_NN  when_CS setting_VBG  up_RP  an_AT1  accessory_NN  ,_,  or_CC  making_VBG  any_DD  other_DA  change_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  if_CS  your_APP$  drill_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  locking_JJ  button_NN  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  switch_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  released_VBN  .  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  drill_NN  cable_NN  is_VBZ  plugged_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  switched_JJ  socket_NN  ,_,  in_IO  case_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  thing_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  flick_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  switch_NN  ;_;  if_CS  something_PN1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  wrong_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  fumble_VV0  around_RP  trying_VBG  to_TO  release_VV0  the_AT1  locking_JJ  button_NN  !_!  
  finally_RR  ,_,  never_RR  ,_,  never_RR  pull_VV0  a_AT1  drill_NN  around_RP  by_IO  its_APP$  power_NN  lead_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  pull_VV0  a_AT1  connection_NN  loose_JJ    and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  out_RP  about_IO  it_PPH1  until_CS  you_PPY  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  drill_NN  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  switch_VV0  on_RP  .  
  having_VHG  bought_VBN  your_APP$  drill_NN  ,_,  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  set_VV0  about_IO  using_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  which_WDTI  of_IO  those_DD2  alluring_JJ  attachments_NNS  are_VBR  most_RG  useful_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  motor-cyclist's_NN1$  workshop_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  next_DA  week_NN  .  
  not_XX  such_DA  a_AT1  boring_JJ  job_NN  .  !_!  
  from_IO  the_AT1  display_NN  of_IO  attachments_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  hardware_NN  shop_NN  window_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  might_VM  well_RR  conclude_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  such_DA  a_AT1  tool_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  electric_JJ  drill_NN  ,_,  pure_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  ;_;  instead_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  miniature_NN  machine-shop_NN  powerhouse_NN  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  primary_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  drill_NN  is_VBZ    well_UH  ,_,  to_TO  drill_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  with_IO  its_APP$  aid_NN  anyone_PN1  can_VM  bore_VV0  holes_NNS  quickly_RR  and_CC  easily_RR  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  holes_NNS  and_CC  holes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  proper_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  prolonging_VBG  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  bit_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  while_NN  taking_VBG  a_DA  little_DA  trouble_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ignore_VV0  those_DD2  cheap_JJ  (_(  and_CC  usually_RR  foreign_JJ  )_)  sets_NNS  of_IO  twist_NN  drills_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  chain-store_NN  tool_NN  counters_NNS  .  
  almost_RR  certainly_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  of_IO  carbon_NN  steel_NN    good_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  a_AT1  hand_NN  brace_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  lucky_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  tool_NN  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  you_PPY  need_VV0  are_VBR  high-speed-steel_JB  drills_NNS  ,_,  more_RG  expensive_JJ  in_IO  first_MD  cost_NN  but_CCB  cheaper_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  ;_;  these_DD2  can_VM  tackle_VV0  most_DA  jobbing_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  will_VM  want_VV0  yet_RR  another_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  drill_NN  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  glass_NN  ,_,  concrete_NN  or_CC  masonry_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  drilled_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  high-speed_JB  drill_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  letters_NNS  \0HS_NC2  and_CC  the_AT1  diameter_NN  stamped_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  shank_NN  .  
  but_CCB  should_VM  there_EX  be_VB0  no_AT1  marking_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  doubt_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  identifying_VBG  the_AT1  material_NN  .  
  touch_VV0  the_AT1  drill_NN  shank_NN  lightly_RR  against_IO  a_AT1  grinding_JJ  wheel_NN  and_CC  note_VV0  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sparks_NNS  .  
  if_CS  red_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  high-speed_JB  steel_NN  ;_;  if_CS  yellow_JJ  ,_,  carbon_NN  steel_NN  .  
  now_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  operation_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  should_VM  always_RR  begin_VV0  by_IO  using_VBG  a_AT1  centre-punch_NN  to_TO  mark_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  precise_JJ  spot_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  drilled_VBN  .  
  that_DD1  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  guide_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  point_NN  and_CC  stops_VBZ  it_PPH1  wandering_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  required_JJ  position_NN  .  
  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  working_NN  stance_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  to_TO  lessen_VV0  physical_JJ  strain_NN  and_CC  to_TO  achieve_VV0  accuracy_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS a_AT1  bench_NN  drilling_NN  assembly_NN  scores_VBZ  heavily_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  simple_JJ  pillar_NN  fixture_NN  which_DDQ  converts_VBZ  the_AT1  power_NN  tool_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  bench_NN  drill_NN  .  
  fixed_VBN  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  stand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  drill_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  with_IO  great_JJ  precision_NN  ,_,  while_CS  pressure_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  easily_RR  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  spring-loaded_JJ  lever_NN  provided_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  stand_NN  baseplate_NN  offers_VBZ  a_AT1  firm_JJ  and_CC  smooth_JJ  working_NN  surface_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  accessories_NNS  available_JJ  the_AT1  bench_NN  stand_NN  also_RR  forms_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lathe_NN  assembly_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Black_NP  and_CC  Decker_NP  market_VV0  a_AT1  self-contained_JJ  bench_NN  conversion_NN  at_IO  *+4_NNU  .  
  when_CS using_VBG  a_AT1  bench_NN  stand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  advisable_JJ  to_TO  interpose_VV0  a_AT1  block_NN  of_IO  wood_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  baseplate_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  drill_NN  point_NN  breaks_NNS  through_RP  it_PPH1  enters_VBZ  the_AT1  wood_NN  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  plate_NN  .  
  but_CCB  whether_CS  the_AT1  power_NN  drill_NN  is_VBZ  hand-held_JJ  or_CC  used_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  bench_NN  assembly_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  ears_NNS  act_VV0  as_IO  trouble_NN  detectors_NNS  .  
  listen_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  drill's_NN1$  high-pitched_JJ  whine_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  drop_VV0  a_AT1  tone_NN  or_CC  two_MC  as_CS  it_PPH1  bites_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  should_VM  the_AT1  note_NN  turn_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  growl_NN  too_RG  much_DA  pressure_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  applied_VBN    so_RR  ease_VV0  up_RP  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  to_TO  obviate_VV0  overloading_VBG  and_CC  ,_,  possibly_RR  ,_,  burning_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  motor_NN  .  
  watch_VV0  the_AT1  swarf_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  spins_VBZ  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  flutes_NNS  .  
  with_IO  mild_JJ  steel_NN  and_CC  other_DA  softish_JJ  metals_NNS  splinters_NNS  and_CC  dust_NN  are_VBR  a_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  more_DA  pressure_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  ,_,  so_RR  increase_VV0  it_PPH1  until_CS  good_JJ  ,_,  fat_JJ  shavings_NNS  are_VBR  twirling_VBG  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  coming_VBG  from_IO  one_MC1  flute_NN  only_RR  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  the_AT1  drill_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  incorrectly_RR  ground_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  drill_NN  point_NN  and_CC  cutting_JJ  edges_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  a_AT1  tale_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  point_NN  has_VHZ  blunted_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  pressure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  too_RG  great_JJ  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  outer_JB  corners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cutting_JJ  edges_NNS  are_VBR  wearing_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  turning_VBG  blue_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  drill_NN  speed_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  high_JJ  .  
  regrinding_VBG  and_CC  setting_VBG  a_AT1  drill_NN  is_VBZ  really_RR  a_AT1  job_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  expert_NN  and_CC  beginners_NNS  are_VBR  advised_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  engineering_NN  shop_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  speed_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  twist_NN  drill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  domestic_JJ  power_NN  tool_NN  operates_VBZ  at_IO  around_RR  2,750_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  ,_,  which_DDQ  although_CS  right_JJ  for_IO  powering_VBG  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  attachments_NNS  is_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  too_RG  fast_JJ  for_IO  drilling_VBG  some_DD  materials_NNS  .  
  used_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  speed_NN  ,_,  drills_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  longer_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  not_XX  require_VV0  frequent_JJ  regrinding_NN  .  
  the_AT1  basic_JJ  rule_NN  is_VBZ  this_DD1  :_:  the_AT1  harder_JJ  the_AT1  material_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  larger_JJ  the_AT1  drill_NN  diameter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  slower_JJ  should_VM  the_AT1  speed_NN  be_VB0  .  
  though_CS  the_AT1  simpler_JJ  tools_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  inbuilt_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  changing_VBG  speed_NN  ,_,  attachments_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  which_DDQ  can_VM  step-up_VV0  or_CC  reduce_VV0  drilling_NN  speed_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  line_NN  with_IO  your_APP$  needs_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  from_IO  Bridges_NP  at_IO  *+2_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  10_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  four-to-one_MC1  speed_NN  reduction_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  knob_NN  .  
  another_DD1  ,_,  by_IO  Black_NP  and_CC  Decker_NP  at_IO  *+3_NNU  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  only_RR  double_VV0  or_CC  halve_VV0  the_AT1  standard_JJ  speed_NN  at_IO  will_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  will_VM  also_RR  carry_VV0  the_AT1  drive_NN  at_IO  right_JJ  angles_NNS  for_IO  reaching_VBG  awkward_JJ  spots_NNS  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  instance_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  drill_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  on_IO  cast_JJ  iron_NN  ,_,  spindle_NN  speed_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  750_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  brass_NN  ,_,  3,100_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  .  
  makers_NNS  of_IO  twist_NN  drills_NNS  often_RR  issue_VV0  tables_NNS  of_IO  suitable_JJ  speeds_NNS  for_IO  various_JJ  materials_NNS  ;_;  Intal_NP  (_(  Watery_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  ,_,  3_MC  )_)  will_VM  supply_VV0  a_AT1  handy_JJ  little_JJ  booklet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  on_IO  request_NN  .  
  where_CS a_AT1  drill_NN  speed_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  quoted_VBN  in_IO  peripheral_JJ  feet_NNS  per_IO  minute_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  alarmed_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  formula_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  will_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  spindle_NN  \0r.p.m_NNU  .  
  drill_NN  longevity_NN  and_CC  lubrication_NN  go_VV0  together_RR  .  
  some_DD  materials_NNS    wood_NN  ,_,  cast_JJ  iron_NN  ,_,  brass_NN  and_CC  Bakelite_NP  among_IO  them_PPHO1    are_VBR  drilled_VBN    dry_JJ  ,_,    but_CCB  for_IO  most_DA  purposes_NNS  a_AT1  good_JJ  all-round_JB  lubricant_NN  is_VBZ  soluble_JJ  oil_NN  .  
  one_MC1  tip_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  supply_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  polythene_NN  bottle_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  hole_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cap_NN  ,_,  and_CC  squirt_VV0  it_PPH1  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  drill_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  job_NN  proceeds_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  unskilled_JJ  hands_NNS  drills_NNS  are_VBR  easily_RR  broken_VBN  .  
  so_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  inexperienced_JJ  ,_,  stub_NN  drills_NNS    shorter_JJ  than_CS  average_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  bend_VV0  or_CC  break_VV0    are_VBR  a_AT1  good_JJ  buy_NN  (_(  but_CCB  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  long_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  )_)  .  
  jamming_VBG  is_VBZ  a_AT1  common_JJ  cause_NN  of_IO  drill_NN  breakage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  often_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  when_CS a_AT1  drill_NN  is_VBZ  breaking_VBG  through_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  instructions_NNS  for_IO  making_VBG  child's_NN1$  high_JJ  chair_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  project_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  man_NN  or_CC  father-to-be_NN  .  
  unlike_IO  many_DA  commercial_JJ  articles_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  chair_NN  is_VBZ  solidly_RR  built_VBN  and_CC  capable_JJ  of_IO  withstanding_VBG  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  handling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  destructive_JJ  youngster_NN  .  
  almost_RR  any_DD  available_JJ  timber_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  but_CCB  Parana_NP  pine_NN  is_VBZ  recommended_VBN  ,_,  being_VBG  cheap_JJ  ,_,  easy_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  taking_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  finish_NN  .  
  start_NN  by_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  side_NN  frames_NNS  from_IO  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  by_IO  1_MC1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  planed_JJ  timber_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  timber_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  machine_NN  planed_VBN  ,_,  remember_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  over_IO  each_DD1  piece_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  smoothing_NN  plane_NN  ,_,  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  marks_NNS  left_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  cutters_NNS  will_VM  show_VV0  up_RP  after_IO  painting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dimensions_NNS  given_VBN  enable_VV0  the_AT1  feeding_NN  tray_NN  to_TO  slide_VV0  over_IO  a_AT1  30_MC  \0in_NNU  table_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  height_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  altered_VBN  if_CS  required_VBN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  joints_NNS  are_VBR  simple_JJ  halving_NN  joints_NNS  glued_VBN  and_CC  pinned_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  nevertheless_RR  be_VB0  cut_VBN  with_IO  care_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  neat_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  side_NN  frames_NNS  are_VBR  joined_VBN  by_IO  four_MC  cross_JJ  pieces_NNS  each_DD1  1_MC1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  14_MC  \0in_NNU  which_DDQ  fit_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  recesses_NNS  (_(  C_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  cut_VBN  to_TO  fit_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  then_RL  glued_VBN  and_CC  pinned_VBN  into_IO  place_NN  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  by_IO  1_MC1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  14_MC  \0in_NNU  timber_NN  is_VBZ  fixed_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  feeding_NN  tray_NN  as_CS  seen_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  which_DDQ  also_RR  shows_VBZ  how_CS a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  hardboard_NN  is_VBZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  plastic_NN  material_NN  for_IO  easy_JJ  cleaning_NN  and_CC  then_RL  fixed_VBN  underneath_IO  the_AT1  frame_NN  with_IO  panel_NN  pins_NNS  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  feeding_NN  tray_NN  .  
  cut_VV0  this_DD1  piece_NN  of_IO  hardboard_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  fits_VBZ  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  legs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  seat_NN  rests_VBZ  across_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  two_MC  cross_JJ  pieces_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  plywood_NN  glued_VBN  and_CC  panel_NN  pinned_VBN  in_IO  position_NN  ,_,  measurements_NNS  being_VBG  taken_VBN  directly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  4_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  framework_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  made_VBN  from_IO  1_MC1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  timber_NN  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  backward_JJ  tilt_NN  and_CC  also_RR  the_AT1  height_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  to_IO  personal_JJ  choice_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  width_NN  is_VBZ  best_RBT  taken_VBN  directly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  fit_NN  .  
  fix_VV0  the_AT1  piece_NN  A_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  first_RR  with_IO  glue_NN  and_CC  panel_NN  pins_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  fit_VV0  the_AT1  frame_NN  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  piece_NN  B_ZZ1  temporarily_RR  in_IO  place_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  frame_NN  .  
  decide_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  required_JJ  angle_NN  of_IO  slope_NN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  B_ZZ1  flat_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  seat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  mark_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  exact_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  B_ZZ1  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  pieces_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  cut_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  angle_NN  and_CC  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  glued_VBN  and_CC  nailed_VBN  in_IO  place_NN  .  
  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  hardboard_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  cut_VBN  and_CC  pinned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  frame_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  edges_NNS  planed_VBN  off_RP  flush_RR  .  
  finally_RR  attach_VV0  the_AT1  back_NN  firmly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  with_IO  screws_NNS  driven_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  .  
  the_AT1  footrest_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  timber_NN  14_MC  \0in_NNU  long_JJ  and_CC  about_RR  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  by_IO  4_MC  \0in_NNU  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  legs_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  angle_NN  irons_NNS  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  5_MC  .  
  when_CS determining_VBG  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  footrest_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  place_VV0  too_RG  near_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  baby's_NN1$  legs_NNS  .  
  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  screw_VV0  two_MC  fittings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  arms_NNS  about_RR  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  from_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  safety_NN  harness_NN  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  by_IO  shaping_VBG  and_CC  soldering_VBG  two_MC  pieces_NNS  of_IO  stout_JJ  wire_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  6_MC  .  
  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  well_RR  secured_VBN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  withstand_VV0  considerable_JJ  pulling_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  becomes_VBZ  older_JJ  .  
  finishing_JJ  touches_NNS  .  
  punch_VV0  in_RP  all_DB  nail_NN  and_CC  panel_VV0  pin_NN  heads_NNS  and_CC  fill_VV0  the_AT1  holes_NNS  with_IO  plastic_NN  wood_NN  .  
  then_RL  thoroughly_RR  glasspaper_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  framework_NN  and_CC  round_VV0  off_RP  any_DD  sharp_JJ  edges_NNS  (_(  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  ,_,  feeding_NN  tray_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  .  
  fill_VV0  the_AT1  grain_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  woodfiller_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  way_NN  and_CC  paint_VV0  the_AT1  frame_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  pastel_JJ  shade_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  a_AT1  contrasting_JJ  colour_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  back_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  decorated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  nursery_NN  transfer_NN  .  
  avoid_VV0  using_VBG  lead-based_JJ  paint_NN  as_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  prove_VV0  poisonous_JJ  if_CS  junior_NN  decides_VBZ  to_TO  bite_VV0  the_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  footrest_NN  with_IO  rubber_NN  or_CC  any_DD  such_DA  protective_JJ  material_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  available_JJ  as_CS  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  paint_NN  would_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  scratched_VBN  off_RP  .  
  (_(  \0J.H.P_NP  )_)  .  
  build_VV0  an_AT1  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  pram_NN  dinghy_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0F_NP  Cordner_NP  .  
  building_VBG  your_APP$  own_DA  boat_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  satisfying_JJ  and_CC  worthwhile_JJ  project_NN  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  plans_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  seaworthy_JJ  little_JJ  rowing_NN  dinghy_NN  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  built_VBN  and_CC  sold_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  especially_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  simplicity_NN  in_IO  construction_NN  ,_,  cheapness_NN  and_CC  lightness_NN  of_IO  weight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  measures_VBZ  approximately_RR  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  .  
  she_PPHO1  weighs_VBZ  only_RR  60_MC  \0lb_NNU  but_CCB  can_VM  carry_VV0  three_MC  people_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  outboard_JJ  motor_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  margin_NN  of_IO  freeboard_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  built_VBN  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  little_JJ  craft_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  particularly_RR  in_IO  Canada_NP  for_IO  use_NN  by_IO  commercial_JJ  salmon_NN  fishermen_NNS  in_IO  Victoria_NP  \0B.C_NP  .  
  over_RP  there_RL  the_AT1  cost_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  $17.00_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  here_RL  cost_VVD  about_IO  *+6_NNU  0_MC  \0s_NNU  0_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  prices_NNS  of_RR  course_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  local_JJ  availability_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  ways_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  costs_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Canada_NP  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  galvanised_JJ  nails_NNS  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  screws_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  just_RR  bend_VV0  them_PPHO1  over_RP  and_CC  clamp_VV0  firmly_RR  by_IO  using_VBG  a_AT1  hammer_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  .  
  over_RP  here_RL  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  always_RR  used_VBN  brass_NN  screws_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  more_RG  expensive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  your_APP$  moulds_NNS  .  
  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  it_PPH1  quotes_VBZ  3/4_MC  \0in_NNU  five-ply_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  save_VV0  money_NN  any_DD  scrap_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  nailed_VBN  and_CC  glued_VBN  together_RR  strongly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  marked_VBN  and_CC  cut_VBN  to_IO  shape_NN  later_RRR  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  floor_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  anchor_VV0  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  ,_,  make_VV0  a_AT1  frame_NN  of_IO  rough_JJ  lumber_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  idea_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  standing_VBG  as_RG  rigid_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  on_IO  these_DD2  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  building_VBG  and_CC  shaping_VBG  your_APP$  little_JJ  craft_NN  ,_,  upside-down_RR  .  
  for_IO  cheapness_NN  I_PPIS1  recommend_VV0  using_VBG  Douglas_NP  fir_NN  plywood_NN  from_IO  British_JJ  Columbia_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  hot_JJ  pressed_JJ  and_CC  resin_NN  bonded_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  permanently_RR  water_NN  proof_JJ  glue_NN  line_NN  .  
  be_VB0  sure_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  edge_NN  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  mark_NN  ,_,  \0P.M.B.C_NP  Exterior_NP  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  at_IO  any_DD  good_JJ  timber_NN  merchants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  transoms_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  sound_JJ  five-ply_JB  wood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  make_NN  ,_,  or_CC  oak_NN  or_CC  mahogany_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  flaps_NNS  from_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  mahogany_NN  table_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  sale_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  shilling_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  also_RR  included_VBN  a_AT1  sketch_NN  of_IO  paddles_NNS  I_PPIS1  make_VV0  for_IO  rowing_VBG  this_DD1  dinghy_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  3_MC  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  very_RG  simple_JJ  ,_,  cheap_JJ  and_CC  easy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  .  
  as_CS  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  single_JJ  gunwale_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  rowlock_NN  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  in_IO  Canada_NP  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  expensive_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  overcome_VV0  this_DD1  in_IO  another_DD1  way_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  
  by_IO  putting_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  extra_JJ  gunwale_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  improves_VBZ  the_AT1  appearance_NN  and_CC  strengthens_VBZ  the_AT1  boat_NN  and_CC  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  fit_VV0  blocks_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  rowlocks_NNS  .  
  note_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  contacting_JJ  surfaces_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  glued_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  waterproof_JJ  resin_NN  glue_NN  (_(  I_PPIS1  use_VV0  Casco_NP  )_)  as_IO  well_II  as_II  being_VBG  screwed_VBN  together_RR  .  
  build_VV0  the_AT1  pram_NN  upside-down_RR  .  
  since_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  transverse_JJ  frames_NNS  ,_,  moulds_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  at_IO  stations_NNS  2_MC  and_CC  6_MC  ,_,  to_TO  serve_VV0  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  transoms_NNS  to_TO  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  and_CC  bottom_NN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fastened_VBN  together_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  rigid_JJ  unit_NN  .  
  cut_VV0  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  transoms_NNS  to_IO  shape_NN  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  drawings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  floor_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  use_VV0    A_ZZ1    frames_NNS  fastened_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  use_VV0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  horizontal_JJ  frame_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  sit_VV0  firmly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  or_CC  concrete_JJ  floor_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  use_VV0  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  old_JJ  base_NN  as_CS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  edges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  transoms_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  bevelled_VBN  to_TO  correspond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  and_CC  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  cut_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  mould_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  chines_NNS  to_TO  rest_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  notches_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  fastened_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  whilst_CS  the_AT1  hull_NN  is_VBZ  under_IO  construction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chine_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  long_JJ  stringer_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  joined_VBN  to_IO  both_DB2  transoms_NNS  and_CC  lies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  grooves_NNS  cut_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  chine_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  oak_NN  ,_,  ash_NN  ,_,  spruce_NN  or_CC  any_RR  long_JJ  grained_JJ  flexible_JJ  wood_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  prefer_VV0  spruce_NN  when_CS available_JJ  .  
  as_CS  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  transoms_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  frame_NN  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  by_IO  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chines_NNS  are_VBR  morticed_VBN  into_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  butt_VV0  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  transom_NN  .  
  start_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  and_CC  spring_VV0  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  slots_NNS  cut_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  and_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  notches_NNS  cut_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  stern_NN  or_CC  after_IO  transom_NN  framing_NN  .  
  glue_VV0  ,_,  screw_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  fast_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  skeleton_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  will_VM  now_RL  take_VV0  shape_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  check_VV0  before_IO  making_VBG  fast_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  nothing_PN1  is_VBZ  distorted_VBN  .  
  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  measurements_NNS  from_IO  transom_NN  to_IO  transom_NN  are_VBR  equal_JJ  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  transoms_NNS  are_VBR  parallel_JJ  horizontally_RR  .  
  next_RR  bevel_VV0  the_AT1  chines_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  plane_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  bottom_NN  will_VM  fit_VV0  snugly_RR  .  
  cut_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  bottom_NN  and_CC  sides_NNS  accurately_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  measurements_NNS  but_CCB  leave_VV0  sufficient_JJ  margin_NN  for_IO  planing_VBG  after_IO  fixing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  .  
  use_VV0  your_APP$  two_MC  lengths_NNS  of_IO  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  ply_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sides_NNS  from_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bottom_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  if_CS  care_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  waste_VV0  the_AT1  ply_NN  ,_,  plenty_NN  of_IO  material_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  over_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  thwarts_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  trimmed_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  chines_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  ready_JJ  to_TO  plank_VV0  the_AT1  sides_NNS  .  
  start_VV0  again_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  bows_NNS  ,_,  clamping_VBG  into_IO  position_NN  with_IO  a_AT1    D_ZZ1    clamp_NN  .  
  bend_NN  round_RP  the_AT1  frame_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stern_NN  and_CC  clamp_VV0  there_RL  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  third_MD  clamp_NN  use_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  after_IO  generously_RR  covering_VBG  with_IO  glue_NN  ,_,  screw_VV0  the_AT1  sides_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  transom_NN  framing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  chine_NN  .  
  use_VV0  5/8_MC  by_IO  \0no_NN  4_MC  gauge_NN  screws_NNS  (_(  brass_NN  )_)  or_CC  nail_VV0  with_IO  inch_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  quarter_NN  galvanized_JJ  nails_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  that_DD1  way_NN  .  
  use_VV0  flat_JJ  head_NN  screws_NNS  about_RR  4_MC  \0in_NNU  apart_RP  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  counter-sink_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  ply_NN  .  
  make_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  small_JJ  hole_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  screw_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  grip_NN  .  
  remember_VV0  to_TO  glue_VV0  before_II  screwing_VBG  .  
  clean_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  cut_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  piece_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  overlap_VV0  just_RR  a_AT1  trifle_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  cleaned_VBN  up_RP  later_RRR  .  
  as_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  screwing_VBG  and_CC  gluing_VBG  this_DD1  piece_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  chines_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  careful_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  miss_VV0  the_AT1  chine_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  screws_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  prefer_VV0  spacing_VBG  screws_NNS  3_MC  \0in_NNU  apart_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  for_IO  screwing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  chines_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  bottom_NN  shaped_JJ  transom_NN  facing_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  glue_VV0  .  
  now_RL  put_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  keel_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rubbing_NN  strakes_NNS  and_CC  you_PPY  are_VBR  ready_JJ  to_TO  lift_VV0  the_AT1  boat_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  again_RR  for_IO  this_DD1  boat_NN  ,_,  so_RR  shift_VV0  them_PPHO1  right_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  place_VV0  the_AT1  boat_NN  right_JJ  side_NN  up_RP  on_IO  two_MC  boxes_NNS  or_CC  trestles_NNS  of_IO  convenient_JJ  height_NN  for_IO  working_VBG  .  
  fix_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  gunwales_NNS  and_CC  insert_VV0  the_AT1  thwarts_NNS  (_(  seats_NNS  )_)  taking_VBG  care_NN  to_TO  reinforce_VV0  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dinghy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  seats_NNS  with_IO  vertical_JJ  members_NNS  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  plans_NNS  .  
  make_VV0  the_AT1  four_MC  blocks_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  rowlocks_NNS  and_CC  mark_VV0  their_APP$  positions_NNS  before_IO  riveting_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  gunwales_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  put_VV0  a_AT1  rivet_NN  where_CS you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  cut_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  inside_NN  (_(  gunwale_NN  )_)  one_MC1  to_TO  fit_VV0  the_AT1  block_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  rivet_VV0  my_APP$  gunwales_NNS  together_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hull_NN  with_IO  copper_NN  nails_VBZ  and_CC  roves_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  greatly_RR  improves_VBZ  the_AT1  appearance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  strength_NN  .  
  paint_VV0  with_IO  good_JJ  marine_JJ  primer_NN  ,_,  undercoat_NN  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  coat_NN  of_IO  finishing_JJ  paint_NN  .  
  use_VV0  fabrics_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  pictures_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Anne_NP  Bradford_NP  .  
  when_CS an_AT1  assortment_NN  of_IO  differently_RR  coloured_VBN  materials_NNS  are_VBR  cut_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  shapes_NNS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  combined_VBN  by_IO  either_LE  making_VBG  fabric_NN  pictures_NNS  or_CC  designs_NNS  .  
  while_CS  these_DD2  may_VM  ultimately_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  for_IO  framing_VBG  and_CC  hanging_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  design_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  panel_NN  utilized_VBN  for_IO  decorating_VBG  a_AT1  useful_JJ  article_NN  .  
  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  furniture_NN  .  
  a_AT1  wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN  has_VHZ  blown_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  cobwebs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing-offices_NNS  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  furniture_NN  makers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  affected_VBN  them_PPHO1  as_RG  deeply_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  our_APP$  politicos_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  optimist_NN  might_VM  even_RR  persuade_VV0  himself_PPX1  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  signs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  fine_JJ    English_JJ  modern_JJ  style_NN    .  
  our_APP$  shame_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  talent_NN  that_PNQS undoubtedly_RR  existed_VVD  was_VBDZ  not_XX  used_VBN  .  
  in_IO  despair_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  younger_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  fresh_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  design_NN  schools_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  drifted_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  Scandinavian_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  countries_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  and_CC  ideals_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RRR  appreciated_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  worse_JJ  ,_,  drifted_VVD  into_IO  other_DA  work_NN  where_CS their_APP$  years_NNS  of_IO  training_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  were_VBDR  lost_VBN  for_RR  ever_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  post-war_JB  years_NNS  ,_,  furniture_NN  of_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS    beautiful_JJ  and_CC  trashy_JJ    has_VHZ  been_VBN  pouring_VBG  into_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  from_IO  abroad_RR  .  
  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  become_VBN  almost_RR  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  clearing-house_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  Denmark_NP  recently_RR  ,_,  two_MC  furniture-makers_NNS  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   that_CS  Britain_NP  took_VVD  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  furniture_NN  they_PPHS2  exported_VVD  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  furniture_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  producing_VBG  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  made_VVD  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  mark_NN  and_CC  proved_VVD  a_AT1  vast_JJ  economic_JJ  success_NN  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  are_VBR  very_RG  real_JJ  signs_NNS  that_CS  our_APP$  own_DA  manufacturers_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  note_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profits_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  rather_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  car_NN  manufacturers_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$    compact_JJ    cars_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  hitting_VBG  back_RP  at_IO  these_DD2  foreign_JJ  influences_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  home_NN1  market_NN  now_RL  has_VHZ  the_AT1  extra_JJ  cash_NN  and_CC  extra_JJ  influences_NNS  from_IO  magazines_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  daily_JJ  press_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  more_RG  discriminating_JJ  .  
  manufacturers_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  happy_JJ  to_TO  produce_VV0  one_MC1  model_NN  that_PNQS then_RL  sold_VVD  successfully_RR  for_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  now_RL  willingly_RR  employing_VBG  designers_NNS  wishful_JJ  to_TO  introduce_VV0  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  design_NN  policy_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  vigorously_RR  adopted_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  manufacturers_NNS  ,_,  only_RR  half_RR  believingly_RR  by_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  for_IO  only_RR  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  range_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  signs_NNS  are_VBR  good_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  industrial_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  must_VM  get_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  credit_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  awakening_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  design_NN  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  show_VV0  things_NNS  by_IO  native_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  only_RR  .  
  this_DD1  credit_NN  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  shared_VBN  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  brave_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  making_VBG  very_RG  soundly_RR  designed_VBN  furniture_NN  (_(  and_CC  with_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  money_NN  )_)  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  manufacturers_NNS  are_VBR  recognizing_VBG  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  certain_JJ  cachet_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  black-and-white_JB  design_NN  centre_NN  label_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  would-be_JB  buyers_NNS  do_VD0  look_VV0  for_IO  this_DD1  signal_NN  .  
  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  for_IO  six_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  over_RR  three_MC  thousand_MC  people_NNS  visit_VV0  the_AT1  design_NN  centre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Haymarket_NP  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  Britain_NP  can_VM  make_VV0  ;_;  which_DDQ  goes_VBZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  what_DDQ  critics_NNS  have_VH0  said_VBN  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  again_RR    if_CS  people_NNS  demand_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  ,_,  eventually_RR  they_PPHS2  will_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  new_JJ  .  
  exciting_JJ  and_CC  unusual_JJ  materials_NNS  and_CC  combinations_NNS  of_IO  materials_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  keynote_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1961_MC  furniture_NN  collections_NNS  .  
  Robin_NP  Day_NP  has_VHZ  designed_VBN  for_IO  Hille_NP  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  long_RR  awaited_VBN  and_CC  only_RR  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  from_IO  French_JJ  sources_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  truly_RR  super-elegant_JJ  dinner-wagon_NN  or_CC  tea-trolley_NN  ,_,  happily_RR  marrying_VBG  blackened_JJ  steel_NN  ,_,  mahogany_NN  and_CC  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  ,_,  with_IO  trays_NNS  in_IO  white_JJ  plastic_NN  .  
  this_DD1  piece_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rich_JJ  and_CC  rare_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  visual_JJ  and_CC  tactile_JJ  delights_NNS  .  
  Aidron_NP  Duckworth_NP  ,_,  another_DD1  of_IO  our_APP$  top-line_JB  designers_NNS  ,_,  shows_VBZ  new_JJ  metallic_JJ  possibilities_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  designs_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Holborn_NP  metal_NN  works_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  contract_NN  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  luxurious_JJ  Londoner_NN1  Hotel_NNL1  has_VHZ  ordered_VBN  his_APP$  armchair_NN  ,_,  \0HCI_NP  ,_,  for_IO  its_APP$  guests_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  they_PPHS2  can_VM  evolve_VV0  a_AT1  less_RG  asceptic-sounding_JJ  title_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  chair_NN  before_IO  long_JJ  .  
  Nigel_NP  Walters_NP  ,_,  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  furniture_NN  design_NN  School_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  School_NNL1  of_IO  arts_NNS  and_CC  crafts_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  also_RR  produced_VBN  a_AT1  dining-chair_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  simplicity_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    Braemar_NP    range_NN  ,_,  by_IO  Wrighton_NP  .  
  four_MC  young_JJ  students_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  School_NNL1  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  blessing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  tutor_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  formed_VBN  themselves_PPX2  into_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  called_VBN    design_NN  associates_NNS    .  
  their_APP$  grounding_NN  in_IO  design_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  sound_JJ  .  
  now_RL  they_PPHS2  hope_VV0  to_TO  offer_VV0  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  industrial_JJ  ,_,  furniture_NN  and_CC  interior_JJ  design_NN  service_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  claim_VV0  that_CS  traditional_JJ  or_CC  derivative_JJ  influences_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  insist_VV0  that_CS  design_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  far_RR  more_RG  adventurous_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  fighting_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  .  
  certainly_RR  we_PPIS2  side_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  wholeheartedly_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  lifting_NN  of_IO  design_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  embarrassment_NN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  suggest_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  wholly_RR  discount_VV0  our_APP$  design_NN  heritage_NN  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  there_RL  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  bright_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  learn_VV0    as_CS  the_AT1  Danes_NP2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  borrowings_NNS  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  eighteenth-century_JB  tradition_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  show_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  design_NN  schools_NNS  on_IO  page_NN  73_MC  .  
    Danad_NP  design_NN    is_VBZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  artists_NNS  ,_,  designers_NNS  and_CC  architects_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  banded_VBN  together_RR  to_TO  brave_VV0  the_AT1  apathy_NN  of_IO  some_DD  stores'_NN2  buyers_NNS    the_AT1  omni-present_JJ  barrier_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  enlightened_JJ  manufacturer_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  these_DD2  rebels_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  firm_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  decorative_JJ  plastic_NN  laminates_NNS  in_IO  furniture_NN  design_NN  .  
  the_AT1  originality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  graphic_JJ  designs_NNS  they_PPHS2  incorporate_VV0  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  its_APP$  main_JB  appeal_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  sophisticated_JJ  and_CC  thus_RR  restricted_JJ  market_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  they_PPHS2  use_VV0  are_VBR  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  those_DD2  used_VBN  by_IO  Fornasetti_NP  and_CC  Philip_NP  Pound_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  designs_NNS  are_VBR  supremely_RR  original_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  bolder_JJ  .  
  interest_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  in_IO    Danad_NP    furniture_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  stores_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  expects_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  exciting_JJ  and_CC  experimental_JJ  work_NN  .  
  examples_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  stores_NNS  this_DD1  month_NN  .  
  shopping_VBG  .  
  Figgio_NP  flameware_NN  from_IO  Norway_NP  was_VBDZ  our_APP$  choice_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  paid_VVD  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  \0R_NP  Pochin_NP  at_IO  32_MC  Granby_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  .  
  designed_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  on_IO  either_LE  gas_NN  or_CC  electric_JJ  stoves_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  dishes_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  transferred_VBN  straight_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  in_IO  gay_JJ  colours_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  ground_NN  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  shapes_NNS  and_CC  sizes_NNS  to_TO  choose_VV0  from_IO  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  dish_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  handle_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  photograph_NN  costs_VBZ  9_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  ;_;  the_AT1  casserole_NN  with_IO  lid_NN  is_VBZ  35_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  oblong_JJ  dish_NN  22_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  hardware_NN  store_NN  where_CS you_PPY  can_VM  buy_VV0  anything_PN1  from_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  mundane_JJ  of_IO  kitchen_NN  gadgets_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  luxury_NN  bathroom_NN  fitting_NN  .  
  fireplaces_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  speciality_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  an_AT1  endless_JJ  selection_NN  in_IO  stone_NN  ,_,  tile_NN  or_CC  slate_NN  .  
  white_JJ  painted_JJ  finish_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  shape_NN  attracted_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  this_DD1  Swedish_JJ    Arka_NP    chair_NN  imported_VBN  by_IO  Finmar_NP  and_CC  on_IO  display_NN  at_IO  Harris's_PPIO2  of_IO  Granby_NP  Corner_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  also_RR  buy_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  beechwood_NN  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  models_NNS  come_VV0  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  a_AT1  fitted_JJ  cushion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  *+8_NNU  5_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  cushion_NN  is_VBZ  extra_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  pictured_VVD  it_PPH1  ideally_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  child's_NN1$  room_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fairly_RR  low_JJ  (_(  \0approx_RR  12_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  from_IO  seat_NN  to_IO  floor_NN  )_)  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  any_DD  furnishing_JJ  problems_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  at_RR  least_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  answers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  furnishing_NN  store_NN  which_DDQ  stocks_VBZ  much_DA  top_JB  bracket_NN  furniture_NN  ,_,  fabrics_NNS  and_CC  carpets_NNS  .  
  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  from_IO  Sweden_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  English_JJ  lake_NN  district_NN  :_:  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  at_IO  Pearce's_PPIO2  ,_,  jewellers_NNS  of_IO  7_MC  Market_NNL1  \0Pl_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  .  
  the_AT1  coffee-jug_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  by_IO  Gense_NP  of_IO  Sweden_NP  ,_,  costs_VBZ  *+8_NNU  3_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  three-legged_JJ  dish_NN  ,_,  hand-beaten_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  Keswick_NP  School_NNL1  of_IO  art_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  59_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  lanterns_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  fast_RR  increasing_VBG  in_IO  popularity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  confirmed_VVD  whilst_CS  visiting_VBG  Jack_NP  English_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  shop_NN  in_IO  London_NP  \0Rd_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   that_CS  people_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  spending_VBG  *+6_NNU  to_TO  light_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  doorsteps_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  will_VM  hesitate_VV0  at_IO  spending_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  amount_NN  for_IO  indoor_JB  lighting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  favourite_JB  shape_NN  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  a_AT1  variation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  wrought_JJ  iron_NN  pattern_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  guaranteed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  rust-_JB  and_CC  weather-proof_JJ  and_CC  sells_VBZ  at_IO  *+6_NNU  5_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  Bohemian_JJ  crystal_NN  chandeliers_NNS  ,_,  magnificent_JJ  and_CC  resplendent_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  grace_VV0  alike_RR  the_AT1  baronial_JJ  hall_NN  or_CC    semi-\0det_JJ    ,_,  are_VBR  hung_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  superb_JJ  exhibition_NN  at_IO  Morgan_NP  Squires_NP  in_IO  Market_NNL1  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  .  
  crown_NN  Theresian_JJ  chandeliers_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    Maria_NP  Theresia_NP  ,_,  Empress_NNSB1  of_IO  Austria_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  mother_NN  of_IO  Marie_NP  Antoinette_NP  ,_,  decorated_VVD  her_APP$  palace_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  like_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  name_NN  originated_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  and_CC  distributed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  by_IO  Homeshades_NP  of_IO  Baker_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  \0W_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  prices_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  as_RG  little_DA  as_IO  *+6_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  baguette_NN  to_IO  *+600_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  48-light_JB  chandelier_NN  ,_,  6_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  against_IO  this_DD1  glittering_JJ  background_NN  ,_,  Morgan_NP  Squires_NP  have_VH0  put_VBN  pieces_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1    Limelight_NP    range_NN  of_IO  crystal_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  chose_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  crystal_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  produced_VBN  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  and_CC  comes_VBZ  in_IO  various_JJ  shapes_NNS  and_CC  sizes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  illustrated_VBN  is_VBZ  in_IO  amber_NN  and_CC  green_NN  and_CC  costs_VBZ  70_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  quality_NN  and_CC  craftsmanship_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  pace-setters_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  kept_VBN  the_AT1  Dryad_NP  handicrafts_NNS  and_CC  cane_NN  furnishing_NN  company_NN  of_IO  42_MC  Nicholas_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  Leicester_NP  ,_,  leading_VBG  their_APP$  field_NN  .  
  every_AT1  handicraft_NN  ,_,  at_IO  home_NN1  or_CC  school_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  catered_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  and_CC  books_NNS  and_CC  leaflets_NNS  ,_,  published_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  press_NN  .  
  on_IO  glancing_VBG  through_IO  their_APP$  catalogue_NN  we_PPIS2  noticed_VVD  such_DA  items_NNS  as_IO  willow_NN  work_NN  ,_,  marbling_NN  and_CC  musical_JJ  pipe-making_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  try_VV0  your_APP$  hand_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  spinning_JJ  wheel_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  buy_VV0  one_MC1  here_RL  for_IO  *+13_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  bobbins_NNS  ,_,  spindles_NNS  and_CC  carders_NNS  that_PNQS go_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  natural_JJ  fleece_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Cheviots_NP2  and_CC  south_NN1  Downs_NPLS  ,_,  with_IO  sufficient_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  grease_NN  retained_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  particularly_RR  suitable_JJ  for_IO  hand-spinning_JJ  ,_,  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  bought_VBN  at_IO  11_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  pound_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  designs_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  their_APP$  on-the-spot_JB  workrooms_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  this_DD1  mobile_JJ  wine_NN  trolley_NN  complete_JJ  with_IO  glass_NN  top_NN  and_CC  ball-bearing_NN  casters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  *+9_NNU  13_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  around_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  fruit-peeling_NN  knife_NN  .  
  another_DD1  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1    Prestige_NP      Sky-Line_NP    range_NN  of_IO  kitchen_NN  knives_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  superbly_RR  sharp_JJ  ,_,  hollow-ground_JJ  knife_NN  for_IO  paring_VBG  and_CC  slicing_VBG  fruits_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  small_JJ  blade_NN  is_VBZ  three_MC  useful_JJ  knives_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  tip_NN  is_VBZ  serrated_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sharpened_JJ  gouger_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  cut_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  sliver_NN  of_IO  peel_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  in_IO  drinks_NNS  or_CC  for_IO  decorating_VBG  special_JJ  dishes_NNS    or_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  dishes_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  special_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  some_DD  decoration_NN  .  
  6_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  from_IO  all_DB  good_JJ  stores_NNS  .  
  bath_NN  radiator_NN  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  flats_NNS  and_CC  miniscule_JJ  bathrooms_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  central_JJ  heating_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  chill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  room_NN  where_CS clothes_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  protect_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  problem_NN  often_RR  arises_VBZ    where_CS to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  radiator_NN  and_CC  how_CS to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  heating_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  space_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Hurseal_NP    Ripplerad_NP    can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  fitted_VBN  flush_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bath_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  giving_VBG  a_AT1  fine_JJ  sweep_NN  of_IO  radiator_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  that_DD1  shocking_JJ  chill_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  porcelain_NN  enamel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO    Ripplerad_NP    to_TO  fit_VV0  an_AT1  average_JJ  bath_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  *+5_NNU  exclusive_JJ  of_IO  fitting_NN  charges_NNS  .  
  enquiries_NNS  to_IO  Hurseal_NP  ,_,  219_MC  Regent_NNSB1  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  \0W_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  or_CC  your_APP$  nearest_JJT  builders'_NN2  merchant_NN  .  
  a_AT1  draught-free_JJ  existence_NN  .  
  March_NN1  winds_NNS    the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  fearful_JJ  cold_JJ  draughts_NNS  that_PNQS quickly_RR  lower_VV0  the_AT1  temperature_NN  in_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  efficiently_RR  heated_VBN  room_NN    are_VBR  firmly_RR  kept_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ    Seel-a-door_NP    flexible_JJ  plastic_NN  strip_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS you_PPY  can_VM  easily_RR  fix_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offending_JJ  door_NN  yourself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  strip_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  felt_VBN  backing_NN  for_IO  double_JJ  insulation_NN  and_CC  to_TO  protect_VV0  carpets_NNS  .  
  fixing_VBG  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  .  
  trim_VV0  the_AT1  39-\0in_NNU  strip_NN  to_IO  size_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  strong_JJ  scissors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  carefully_RR  peel_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  protective_JJ  paper_NN  backing_NN  which_DDQ  covers_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  adhesive_NN  .  
  press_VV0  into_IO  place_NN  .  
  6_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  from_IO  good_JJ  department_NN  stores_NNS  and_CC  ironmongers_NNS  .  
  Sealdraught_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  also_RR  make_VV0  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  self-adhesive_JJ  plastic_NN  foam_NN  strip_NN  to_TO  seal_VV0  windows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  doors_NNS  .  
  Swedish_JJ  salad_NN  servers_NNS  .  
  Boots's_PPIO2  ,_,  once_RR  known_VBN  only_RR  as_IO  dispensing_JJ  chemists_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  branching_VBG  out_RP  recently_RR  into_IO  other_DA  fields_NNS    books_NNS  ,_,  records_NNS  ,_,  jewellery_NN  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  things_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  branches_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  quality_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  learned_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  from_IO  Boots's_PPIO2  pharmaceutical_JJ  departments_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  handsome_JJ  pair_NN  of_IO  salad_NN  servers_NNS  from_IO  Sweden_NP  is_VBZ  typical_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  buying_NN  at_IO  Boots's_PPIO2  branches_NNS  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  costs_VBZ  only_RR  5_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  the_AT1  pair_NN  .  
  modular_JJ  ,_,  do-it-yourself_JB  garages_NNS  .  
  in_IO  architectural_JJ  circles_NNS  there_EX  's_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  adage_NN  :_:  a_AT1  doctor_NN  can_VM  bury_VV0  his_APP$  patients_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  architect_NN  can_VM  only_RR  advise_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  grow_VV0  ivy_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  garages_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  had_VHN  might_VM  well_RR  prompt_VV0  a_AT1  philanthropist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  anti-ugly_JJ  school_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  fortune_NN  distributing_VBG  free_JJ  ,_,  evergreen_JJ  climbing_JJ  plants_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  hardly_RR  happen_VV0  without_IO  the_AT1  herring_NNS  having_VHG  some_DD  orientation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  bottom_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  crowding_NN  is_VBZ  caused_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  daytime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  herring_NNS  must_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  migrate_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  midwater_NN  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  swim_NN  (_(  the_AT1  swim_NN  at_IO  East_NP  Anglia_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  )_)  .  
  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  see_VV0  that_DD1  herring_NN  movements_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  primarily_RR  instinctive_JJ  perhaps_RR  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  helped_VBN  and_CC  hindered_VBN  by_IO  water_NN  flow_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  closely_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  sea-bed_NN  geography_NN  .  
  geography_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  names_VBZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  fisheries_NNS  that_PNQS depend_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  :_:  the_AT1  Fladen_NP  Ground_NP  (_(  where_CS again_RR  most_DA  big_JJ  shots_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  edges_NNS  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  Gut_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  deep-water_JB  channel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Dogger_NP  where_CS the_AT1  herring_NNS  spawn_VV0  along_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  edge_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  good_JJ  contour_NN  map_NN  will_VM  almost_RR  define_VV0  the_AT1  migrations_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  summer_NN  herring_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  bottom_NN  congestion_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  pressure_NN  is_VBZ  inevitably_RR  mixed_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  suitability_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  for_IO  spawning_NN  .  
  both_DB2  result_VV0  in_IO  crowding_NN  ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  separate_VV0  them_PPHO1    thank_VV0  heaven_NN  !_!  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  150_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  spawning_NN  grounds_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Viking_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Klondykes_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Reef_NP  along_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Norwegian_JJ  deep_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  200-fathom_JB  trench_NN  the_AT1  herring_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  touch_VV0  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  
  their_APP$  descent_NN  stops_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  pressure_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  migrate_VV0  easterly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Norwegian_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  or_CC  westerly_RR  ,_,  until_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  shallower_JJ  water_NN  the_AT1  mile_NN  wide_JJ  layers_NNS  disappear_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  echo-sounders_NNS  .  
  bottom_NN  crowding_NN  comes_VBZ  when_CS they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  reach_VV0  their_APP$  optimum_JJ  depth_NN  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  coincides_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  suitable_JJ  gravelly_JJ  soil_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  many_DA  roughs_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  spring-spawning_JJ  herring_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  found_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  joint_JB  evidence_NN  of_IO  echo-sounders_NNS  and_CC  fishing_NN  gear_NN  leads_VBZ  to_IO  an_AT1  overall_JB  though_CS  somewhat_RR  dim_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  details_NNS  are_VBR  harder_JJ  still_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  drift_NN  effects_NNS  .  
  at_IO  East_NP  Anglia_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  shoals_NNS  that_PNQS gather_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Knoll_NP  or_CC  other_DA  banks_NNS  are_VBR  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  going_VBG  to_TO  travel_VV0  a_AT1  hundred_MC  miles_NNS  farther_RRR  south_NN1  before_CS  they_PPHS2  spawn_VV0  .  
  some_DD  will_VM  spawn_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Hinder_NP  banks_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  half-way_RR  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  in_IO  their_APP$  southerly_JJ  march_NN  the_AT1  herring_NNS  will_VM  spawn_VV0  wherever_CS the_AT1  suitable_JJ  gravelly_JJ  bottom_NN  soil_NN  coincides_VBZ  with_IO  their_APP$  final_JJ  ripeness_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  shoal_NN  fish_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  spawning_NN  ground_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  accidental_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  there_EX  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  some_DD  that_PNQS find_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  enough_DD  are_VBR  travelling_VBG  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  robin_NN  who_PNQS gets_VBZ  back_RP  exactly_RR  may_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  one_MC1  among_IO  thousands_MC2  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  southerly_JJ  migration_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  accidental_JJ  .  
  being_VBG  contranatant_JJ  or_CC  against_IO  the_AT1  drift_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  probably_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  survival_NN  value_NN  in_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  fry_NNS  after_IO  hatching_NN  are_VBR  drifted_VBN  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  adults_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  flow_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  Channel_NNL1  into_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  .  
  drift_NN  in_IO  another_DD1  form_NN  probably_RR  explains_VBZ  how_CS these_DD2  migrating_JJ  herring_NNS  are_VBR  biased_VBN  to_IO  east_NN1  or_CC  west_NN1  by_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  winds_NNS  .  
  strong_JJ  westerlies_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  known_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  good_JJ  longshore_JJ  fishings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  surface_NN  water_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  blown_VBN  offshore_RR  must_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  underflow_NN  bringing_VBG  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  herring_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Norfolk_NP  and_CC  Suffolk_NP  beaches_NNS  .  
  easterly_JJ  winds_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  mean_VV0  no_AT1  herring_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  ,_,  as_CS  recent_JJ  years_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  winds_NNS  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  effect_NN  of_RR  course_RR    one_MC1  breeze_NN  will_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  very_RG  hard_JJ  westerly_NN  will_VM  often_RR  start_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1    local_JJ    herring_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  wind_NN  effect_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  easterly_JJ  drift_NN  special_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  rump_NN  of_IO  coastline_NN  ,_,  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  water_NN  from_IO  north_NN1  and_CC  south_NN1  .  
  herring_NN  fishermen_NNS  call_VV0  this_DD1    the_AT1  outset_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  strongest_JJT  at_IO  spring_NN  tides_NNS  ,_,  when_CS without_IO  wind_NN  you_PPY  will_VM    set_VV0    out_RP    or_CC  drift_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  eastward_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  fleet_NN  of_IO  nets_NNS    almost_RR  a_AT1  mile_NN  on_IO  every_AT1  tide_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Smith's_PPIO2  Knoll_NP  .  
  without_IO  an_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  how_CS it_PPH1  works_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  this_DD1  outset_NN  ,_,  akin_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  salmon_NN  river_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  factor_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  constancy_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  herring_NN  fishery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  East_NP  Anglian_JJ  behaviour_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0p_NN  82_MC  )_)  has_VHZ  always_RR  differed_VBN  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  fisheries_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1    swim_NN    at_IO  slack_JJ  waters_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  daylight_NN  sometimes_RR  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  high_JJ  swimming_NN  ,_,  when_CS fish_NNS  are_VBR  caught_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  few_DA  yards_NNS  of_IO  netting_NN  .  
  these_DD2  and_CC  other_DA  fascinating_JJ  behaviour_NN  mysteries_NNS  are_VBR  peculiar_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  fishery_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  unfortunately_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  dying_VBG  out_RP  ;_;  but_CCB  a_AT1  full_JJ  discussion_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  scope_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  reaction_NN  to_IO  fishing_NN  gear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bow-wave_JB  theory_NN  .  
  this_DD1  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  fishing_NN  gear_NN  ,_,  when_CS moving_JJ  ,_,  sends_VBZ  before_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  scaring_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  through_IO  waves_NNS  or_CC  vibrations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  or_CC  along_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  underwater_JB  films_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  footrope_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  trawl_NN  does_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  films_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  shown_VBN  plaice_NNS  moving_VBG  before_IO  a_AT1  seine_NN  net_NN  in_IO  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  after_IO  being_VBG  gathered_VBN  inwards_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  ropes_NNS  .  
  (_(  just_RR  how_CS the_AT1  seine_NN  ropes_VBZ  do_VD0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  proved_VBN  ;_;  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  by_IO  actual_JJ  contact_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  sight_NN  reaction_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  disturbed_JJ  sand_NN  ;_;  or_CC  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  flat_JJ  fish_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  vibrations_NNS  through_IO  or_CC  along_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  given_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  of_IO  disturbance_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  without_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  overcome_VV0  its_APP$  effect_NN  ,_,  very_RG  few_DA  fish_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  caught_VBN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  first_RR  what_DDQ  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  case_NN    that_DD1  of_IO  flat_JJ  fish_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  fish_NNS  are_VBR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  moving_JJ  footrope_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  reaches_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  move_VV0  away_RP  before_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  swimming_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  speed_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  until_CS  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  tired_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  more_RG  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  stop_VV0  swimming_VBG  and_CC  are_VBR  caught_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  seine-net_JB  film_NN  this_DD1  usually_RR  seemed_VBN  to_TO  happen_VV0  just_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  fish_NN  had_VHD  risen_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  footrope_NN  ,_,  and_CC  presumably_RR  out_RP  of_IO  its_APP$  field_NN  of_IO  disturbance_NN  ,_,  or_CC  bow_NN  wave_NN  .  
  this_DD1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  wave_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  transmitted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sea-bed_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  footrope_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  just_RR  off_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  passing_VBG  over_IO  some_DD  fish_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  natural_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  flat_JJ  fish_NNS  being_VBG  in_IO  actual_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  would_VM  react_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  approach_NN  of_IO  anything_PN1  like_IO  a_AT1  footrope_NN  .  
  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  continuous_JJ  progress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  ensures_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  fish_NNS  are_VBR  captured_VBN  .  
  recent_JJ  research_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  swimming_NN  speeds_NNS  of_IO  fish_NNS  shows_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  soon_RR  get_VV0  tired_JJ  ,_,  hence_RR  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trawl_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lifting_NN  reaction_NN  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  since_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  resource_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flat_JJ  fish_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  .  
  its_APP$  instinct_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  hide_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  
  when_CS disturbed_VBN  ,_,  most_DA  flat_JJ  fish_NNS  will_VM  swim_VV0  rapidly_RR  away_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  distance_NN  and_CC  then_RL  ground_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  turning_VBG  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  and_CC  flirting_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  sand_NN  or_CC  mud_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  before_IO  a_AT1  trawl_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  not_XX  time_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  flight_NN  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  steady_JJ  swim_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  until_CS  lifting_VBG  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  left_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  this_DD1  behaviour_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  corroborated_VBN  by_IO  future_JB  films_NNS  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  vindication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  trawl_NN  design_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  beam_NN  trawls_NNS  had_VHD  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  cover_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  headline_NN  running_VBG  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  rope_NN  .  
  actually_RR  the_AT1  seine_NN  net_NN  has_VHZ  little_DA  or_CC  no_AT1  cover_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  film_NN  the_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fish_NN  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  foot_NN  or_CC  two_MC  .  
  with_IO  round_JJ  fish_NNS  like_IO  haddock_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  hardly_RR  find_VV0  safety_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  cover_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  even_RR  more_RG  essential_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  more_DA  films_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  to_TO  prove_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  cover_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fast-moving_JJ  trawl_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  essential_JJ  to_TO  catch_VV0  round_JJ  fish_NNS  whose_PNQV$  reaction_NN  to_IO  disturbance_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  upwards_RR  .  
  in_IO  seine_NN  nets_NNS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  less_RG  important_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fish_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  gathered_VBN  more_RG  slowly_RR  :_:  the_AT1  reaction_NN  of_IO  bottom_NN  feeding_JJ  haddocks_NNS  while_CS  being_VBG  chevied_VBN  inwards_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  slowly_RR  closing_VBG  arms_NNS  of_IO  rope_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  swim_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  and_CC  then_RL  downwards_RR  again_RR  to_TO  resume_VV0  feeding_VBG  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  swam_VVD  upwards_RR  for_IO  any_DD  distance_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  get_VV0  above_IO  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  and_CC  escape_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  efficiency_NN  of_IO  seineing_NN  on_IO  haddocks_NNS  depends_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  fish_NNS  happen_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  doing_VBG  .  
  when_CS working_VBG  the_AT1  Cleaver_NP  Bank_NNL1  years_NNS  ago_RR  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  good_JJ  hauls_NNS  ,_,  12_MC  to_IO  15_MC  baskets_NNS  at_IO  opening_NN  and_CC  close_NN  of_IO  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  ,_,  except_IO  a_AT1  basket_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  whiting_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  day_NN  .  
  this_DD1  might_VM  be_VB0  explained_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  behaviour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fish_NNS  ;_;  or_CC  even_RR  indirectly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  feed_NN  animals_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  once_CS  round_JJ  fish_NNS  are_VBR  persuaded_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seine_NN  net_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  less_RRR  disturbed_VBN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  by_IO  the_AT1  faster-moving_JJ  trawl_NN  .  
  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  moving_VBG  slowly_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  seine_NN  net_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  flats_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  caught_VBN  proves_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  lift_VV0  above_IO  the_AT1  headline_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  do_VD0  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  would_VM  explain_VV0  why_CS the_AT1  Vinge_NP  trawls_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  being_VBG  found_VBN  more_RG  efficient_JJ  than_IO  seine_NN  nets_NNS  when_CS used_VBN  with_IO  seine_NN  ropes_NNS  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  of_IO  cover_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  father_NN  could_VM  remember_VV0  40_MC  baskets_NNS  of_IO  haddock_NNS  in_IO  beam_NN  trawl_NN  hauls_NNS  at_IO  Smith's_PPIO2  Knoll_NP  .  
  this_DD1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  cover_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  speed_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  should_VM  realise_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  smack_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  wind_NN  and_CC  tide_NN  could_VM  move_VV0  a_AT1  trawl_NN  fast_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  note_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  and_CC  results_NNS  of_IO  seineing_NN  gear_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  fairly_RR  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  creeping_JJ  ropes_NNS  can_VM  have_VH0  very_RG  little_DA  bow-wave_JB  effect_NN  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  fast_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  swim_NN  the_AT1  fish_NNS  would_VM  eventually_RR  lift_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  lost_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  slow_JJ  heaving_NN  taught_VBN  us_PPIO2   by_IO  the_AT1  Danes_NP2  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  dogs_NN2  careful_JJ  driving_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sheep_NNS  ,_,  drives_VBZ  the_AT1  flat_JJ  fish_NNS  without_IO  scaring_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  rule_NN  to_TO  heave_VV0  fast_RR  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_TO  tow_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  round_JJ  fish_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  expect_VV0  the_AT1  cameras_NNS  to_TO  show_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  reaction_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  :_:  being_VBG  rather_RR  more_RG  active_JJ  than_IO  flats_NNS  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  avoid_VV0  a_AT1  slow-moving_JJ  trawl_NN  more_RG  easily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  about_IO  trawling_NN  and_CC  seineing_NN  the_AT1  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  how_CS different_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .  
  the_AT1  seine_NN  net_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  likened_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  dustpan_NN  ,_,  with_IO  brushes_NNS    the_AT1  ropes_NNS    sweeping_VBG  things_NNS  into_IO  its_APP$  path_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  fish_NNS  are_VBR  swept_VBN  too_RG  vigorously_RR  they_PPHS2  will_VM  rise_VV0  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  ,_,  and_CC  be_VB0  lost_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  trawl_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  more_RRR  like_IO  the_AT1  dustpan_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  brush_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  to_TO  move_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  faster_RRR  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  will_VM  become_VV0  greater_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gear_NN  increases_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  herring_NN  trawling_NN  great_JJ  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  fast_JJ  towing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  recognised_JJ  experts_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  using_VBG  bigger_JJ  and_CC  bigger_JJ  ships_NNS  towing_VBG  at_IO  over_RR  4_MC  knots_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  main_JB  difficulty_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  to_TO  get_VV0  netting_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  stand_VV0  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  catches_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  anything_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  theory_NN  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  just_RR  speed_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  .  
  herring_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  lively_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  fish_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  react_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  of_IO  trawl_NN  footropes_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  herring_NNS  can_VM  probably_RR  swim_VV0  faster_RRR  ,_,  for_IO  short_JJ  periods_NNS  anyway_RR  ,_,  than_CS  the_AT1  trawl_NN  moves_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  herring_NNS  react_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  disturbance_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  trawl_NN  like_IO  other_DA  fish_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  increased_JJ  speed_NN  alone_RR  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  catch_VV0  a_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0    seeing_VBG    the_AT1  bow_NN  wave_NN  of_IO  herring_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  trawl_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Fladen_NP  Ground_NP  over_RR  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  herring_NN  trawling_NN  .  
  one_MC1  calm_JJ  summer_NN  day_NN  in_IO  1937_MC  we_PPIS2  lay_VVD  waiting_VBG  to_TO  shoot_VV0  our_APP$  drift_NN  nets_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  morning_NN  the_AT1  drifters_NNS  had_VHD  hauled_VBN  good_JJ  shots_NNS  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_IO  market_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  us_PPIO2   alone_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  yet_RR  our_APP$  systematic_JJ  echo-sounding_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  had_VHD  yielded_VBN  no_AT1  fish_NN  traces_NNS  .  
  at_IO  about_RR  midday_NN  an_AT1  Aberdeen_NP  trawler_NN  came_VVD  towing_VBG  along_RP  ,_,  and_CC  passed_VVD  us_PPIO2   some_DD  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  off_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  pictured_VVD  her_APP$  trawl_NN  trundling_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  herring_NNS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  though_CS  knowing_VBG  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  present_JJ  .  
  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0B_NP  \0G_NP  Furner_NP  .  
  a_AT1  trial_NN  in_IO  Kent_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  biological_JJ  pest_NN  control_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  reached_VBN  the_AT1  stage_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  when_CS 50_MC  planes_NNS  are_VBR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  spreading_VBG  1,500_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  \0DDT_NP  and_CC  fuel_NN  oil_NN  over_RR  3_MC  million_MC  acres_NNS  or_CC  when_CS 20_MC  million_MC  acres_NNS  are_VBR  sprayed_VBN  with_IO  dieldrin_NN  .  
  an_AT1  eye-witness_NN  described_VVD  one_MC1  sprayed_JJ  area_NN  as_CS  literally_RR  rank_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  stench_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  game_NN  and_CC  birds_NNS  dead_JJ  from_IO  insecticide_NN  poisoning_NN  .  
  wholesale_RR  chemical_JJ  spraying_NN  ,_,  upsetting_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  by_IO  killing_VBG  both_DB2  pests_NNS  and_CC  predators_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  viewed_VBN  with_IO  concern_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  state_NN  research_NN  stations_NNS  .  
  not_XX  content_JJ  with_IO  issuing_VBG  bulletins_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  misuse_NN  of_IO  chemicals_NNS  in_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  some_DD  stations_NNS  are_VBR  carrying_VBG  out_RP  useful_JJ  research_NN  on_IO  pest_NN  control_NN  by_IO  biological_JJ  means_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  native_JJ  and_CC  imported_JJ  predatory_JJ  insects_NNS  and_CC  insect_NN  pathogens_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  field_NN  trial_NN  tests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  biological_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  pests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  new_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  gardener_NN  .  
  ladybirds_NNS  figure_VV0  in_IO  press_NN  advertisements_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  sale_NN  being_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  gallon_NN  .  
  praying_JJ  mantis_NNS  (_(  Mantis_&FW  religiosa_&FW  )_)  ,_,  both_DB2  native_JJ  and_CC    immigrant_NN    varieties_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  used_VBN  by_IO  gardeners_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  advertisements_NNS  offer_VV0  eggs_NNS  of_IO  European_JJ  ,_,  Chinese_JJ  or_CC  native_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  mantis_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  it_PPH1  hatches_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  dies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  autumn_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  satisfies_VBZ  its_APP$  voracity_NN  by_IO  eating_VBG  other_DA  insects_NNS  .  
  nine_MC  blowflies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  consumed_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1  sitting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fully_RR  adult_JJ  ,_,  2_MC  \01/2-in.-long_JB  insect_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  firm_JJ  hold_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  grasshopper_NN  while_CS  eating_VBG  another_DD1  .  
  according_IO  to_II  \0Dr_NNSB1  Max_NP  Beier_NP  in_IO    fangheuschrecken_&FW    (_(  die_&FW  neue_&FW  brehm_&FW  bu"ckerei_&FW  ,_,  1952_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  is_VBZ  trecking_VBG  northwards_RR  .  
  the_AT1  northward_JB  journey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mediterranean_JJ  mantis_NN  brought_VVD  the_AT1  insect_NN  to_IO  Frankfurt_NP  on_IO  Main_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN  .  
  from_IO  Frankfurt_NP  this_DD1  useful_JJ  insect_NN  has_VHZ  spread_VBN  eastwards_RR  to_IO  Brno_NP  in_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  and_CC  westwards_RR  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  Fontainebleau_NP  .  
  in_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  the_AT1  northward_JB  drive_NN  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  the_AT1  mantis_NN  to_IO  Ontario_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  within_IO  100_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kentish_JJ  fauna_NN  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  my_APP$  trials_NNS  with_IO  praying_JJ  mantis_NNS  in_IO  Kent_NP  last_DA  spring_NN  .  
  the_AT1  1960_MC  summer_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  suitable_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  trial_NN  with_IO  mantis_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  that_DD1  when_CS I_PPIS1  tied_VVD  the_AT1  egg-cases_NNS  to_IO  my_APP$  peach_NN  trees_NNS  in_IO  early_JJ  May_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  mantis_NNS  started_VVD  to_TO  hatch_VV0  in_IO  batches_NNS  until_IO  mid-June_NN1  .  
  swathed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  tight_JJ  membrane_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  the_AT1  baby_NN  mantis_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  escape_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  \01/2-in.-long_JB  insects_NNS  look_VV0  rather_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  cross_NN  between_IO  an_AT1  Egyptian_JJ  mummy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  space_NN  pilot_NN  .  
  after_IO  extricating_VBG  itself_PPX1  from_IO  the_AT1  membrane_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  young_JJ  mantis_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  dry_VV0  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  helpless_JJ  insect_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  great_JJ  danger_NN    especially_RR  from_IO  ants_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  neither_LE  sticky_JJ  bands_NNS  nor_CC  tanglefoot_NN  deterred_VVD  Kentish_JJ  ants_NNS  .  
  to_TO  study_VV0  the_AT1  mantis_NNS  more_RG  closely_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  transferred_VVD  some_DD  from_IO  the_AT1  peach_NN  trees_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  Kilner_NP  jar_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  \0Dr_NNSB1  Max_NP  Beier_NP  and_CC  to_IO  American_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  young_JJ  mantis_NNS  feed_NN  on_IO  plant_NN  lice_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  my_APP$  young_JJ  mantis_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  by_IO  aphis_NN  from_IO  elder_NN  ,_,  peach_NN  and_CC  fat_JJ  hen_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  my_APP$  mantis_NNS  alive_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  jar_NN  by_IO  introducing_VBG  a_AT1  daily_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  fruit_NN  flies_NNS  .  
  by_IO  July_NN1  12_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  growing_JJ  mantis_NNS  showed_VVD  a_AT1  decided_JJ  preference_NN  for_IO  house-flies_NNS  and_CC  blow-flies_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  appetite_NN  increased_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  few_DA  flies_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  catch_VV0  were_VBDR  quite_RR  insufficient_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  release_VV0  the_AT1  mantis_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  from_IO  my_APP$  records_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  mantis_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  jar_NN  at_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  showed_VVD  any_DD  interest_NN  at_IO  all_DB  in_IO  young_JJ  grasshoppers_NNS  ,_,  moths_NNS  or_CC  caterpillars_NNS    all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  claimed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mantis'_NN2  diet_NN  by_IO  American_JJ  writers_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  mantis_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  stage_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  tackle_VV0  these_DD2  insects_NNS  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  moult_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  mantis_NNS  were_VBDR  somewhat_RR  lighter_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN    a_AT1  change_NN  from_IO  emerald_NN  green_NN  to_IO  leaf_NN  green_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  need_VM  not_XX  remind_VV0  readers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cool_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  wet_JJ  weather_NN  of_IO  late_JJ  July_NN1  ,_,  August_NN1  and_CC  September_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  conditions_NNS  led_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  feel_VV0  quite_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  no_AT1  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  could_VM  possibly_RR  live_VV0  through_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  on_IO  September_NN1  18_MC  ,_,  to_IO  my_APP$  very_RG  great_JJ  surprise_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  across_IO  a_AT1  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  blackberry_NN  leaf_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colour_NN  had_VHD  changed_VBN  again_RR    to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  adult_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  yellowish-brown_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  mantis_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  reached_VBN  its_APP$  full_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  only_RR  1_MC1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  in_IO  length_NN  and_CC  still_RR  wingless_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  mantis_NN  was_VBDZ  photographed_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  released_VBN  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  finding_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  mantis_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  hopeful_JJ  sign_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  out_RP  of_IO  every_AT1  1,000_MC  eggs_NNS  laid_VBN  ,_,  only_RR  six_MC  mantis_NNS  survive_VV0  until_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  certain_JJ  that_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  mantis_NNS  survived_VVD  others_DA2  also_RR  survived_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  grape-vines_NNS  ,_,  blackberries_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  fruits_NNS  and_CC  vegetables_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  1/8_MC  acre_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  mantis_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  survivor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  survival_NN  ratio_NN  was_VBDZ  high_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  around_RP  1_MC1  :_IO  100_MC  .  
  my_APP$  gravest_JJT  error_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  species_NN  of_IO  praying_JJ  mantis_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  off_RP  my_APP$  trials_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  egg-cases_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  my_APP$  good_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0O_NP  Moncrieff_NP  ,_,  export_NN  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  American_JJ  seed_NN  firm_NN  ,_,  \0W_NP  Atlee_NP  Burpee_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  kindly_RR  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  Arizona_NP  species_NN  ,_,  Stagmomantis_&FW  limbata_&FW  ,_,  Hahn_NP  ,_,  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  dry_JJ  summer_NN  temperatures_NNS  reaching_VBG  120_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  too_RG  early_JJ  to_TO  report_VV0  on_IO  my_APP$  continued_JJ  trials_NNS  with_IO  this_DD1  useful_JJ  predator_NN  .  
  a_AT1  British_JJ  zoologist_NN  and_CC  entomologist_NN  suggested_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  try_VV0  Spanish_JJ  mantis_NNS  this_DD1  season_NN  .  
  my_APP$  colleague_NN  in_IO  Madrid_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Fernando_NP  Quintana_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  great_JJ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  obtaining_VBG  an_AT1  egg-case_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  secured_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  kindness_NN  of_IO  \0Sr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Antonio_NP  Beni*?2tez_NP  Morera_NP  of_IO  Cadiz_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  batch_NN  of_IO  around_RR  50_MC  mantis_NNS  hatched_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  egg-case_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  20_MC  .  
  meanwhile_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moncrieff_NP  had_VHD  sent_VBN  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  egg-case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  mantis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  mantis_NN  had_VHD  hatched_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  egg-case_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  6_MC  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  and_CC  Spanish_JJ  mantis_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  stage_NN  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  light_JJ  brown_NN  in_IO  colour_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  cool_JJ  ,_,  wet_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  great_JJ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  breeding_VBG  fruit_NN  flies_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  after_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  mantis_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  types_NNS  had_VHD  died_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  Kilner_NP  jars_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  poured_VVD  living_JJ  mantis_NNS  over_IO  vines_NNS  and_CC  peachtrees_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  gardeners_NN2  chronicle_NN  reader_NN  living_VBG  in_IO  Grantham_NP  ,_,  \0Lincs_NP  ,_,  kindly_RR  offered_VVD  to_TO  cooperate_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  studying_VBG  praying_JJ  mantis_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  pest_NN  control_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  greenhouse_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  dozen_MC  Spanish_JJ  mantis_NNS  sent_VBN  him_PPHO1  by_IO  post_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  22_MC  ,_,  only_RR  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  survived_VVD  the_AT1  journey_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  thrived_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  latest_JJT  report_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  is_VBZ  that_CS  this_DD1  mantis_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  alive_JJ  .  
  since_IO  June_NN1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  seen_VBN  a_AT1  mantis_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  garden_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  dearly_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS \0J_NP  Henri_NP  Fabre_NP  persuaded_VVD  local_JJ  children_NNS  at_IO  Se*?2rignan_NP  to_TO  find_VV0  his_APP$  specimens_NNS  .  
  local_JJ  boys_NNS  here_RL  in_IO  Kent_NP  ,_,  possibly_RR  distracted_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  crop_NN  of_IO  grapes_NNS  and_CC  blackberries_NNS  ,_,  show_VV0  no_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  searching_VBG  for_IO  praying_JJ  mantis_NNS  to_TO  earn_VV0  5_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  each_DD1  mantis_NN  found_VBN    dead_JJ  or_CC  alive_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  pots_NNS  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  \0T_NP  Warren_NP  ,_,  \0N.D.H_NP  .  
  despite_IO  the_AT1  steady_JJ  influx_NN  of_IO  substitutes_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  clay_NN  pots_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  in_IO  greatest_JJT  demand_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mostly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  sizes_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  substitutes_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  headway_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  numerous_JJ  small_JJ  clay_NN  pots_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  each_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fewer_DA  than_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  10_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  sizes_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  no_AT1  real_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  clay_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  comparable_JJ  price_NN  ,_,  except_IO  the_AT1  bituminized_JJ  paper_NN  pots_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  used_VBN  on_IO  commercial_JJ  nurseries_NNS  for_IO  growing_VBG  tomatoes_NNS  and_CC  chrysanthemums_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  disadvantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clay_NN  pot_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  brittle_JJ  nature_NN  ;_;  even_RR  with_IO  reasonably_RR  careful_JJ  handling_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  annual_JJ  losses_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  around_RR  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS the_AT1  handling_NN  and_CC  storage_NN  facilities_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  too_RG  good_JJ  ,_,  these_DD2  losses_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  greater_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  sizes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  fragile_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  ones_CD1S  and_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  normally_RR  thrown_VBN  about_RP  in_IO  quite_DA  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  storage_NN  problem_NN  puts_VBZ  clay_NN  pots_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  disadvantage_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fairly_RR  heavy_JJ  and_CC  difficult_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  and_CC  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  protection_NN  from_IO  severe_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  quite_DA  a_AT1  headache_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  garden_NN  .  
  while_CS  admitting_VBG  that_CS  broken_JJ  pots_NNS  have_VH0  on_IO  occasions_NNS  provided_VBN  artists_NNS  with_IO  delightful_JJ  studies_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  badly_RR  stacked_VBN  ,_,  half-broken_JJ  pots_NNS  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unlovely_JJ  sight_NN  from_IO  any_DD  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  every_AT1  garden_NN  boy_NN  will_VM  agree_VV0  that_DD1  having_VHG  to_TO  wash_VV0  clay_NN  pots_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  definite_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  abolition_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  one_MC1  young_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  wholehearted_JJ  about_IO  this_DD1  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  headlines_NNS  for_IO  having_VHG  smashed_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  small-to-medium_JB  establishment_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  disagreeable_JJ  chore_NN  which_DDQ  nobody_PN1  tackles_VBZ  with_IO  any_DD  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  on_IO  larger_JJ  establishments_NNS  the_AT1  pots_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  sterilized_VBN  or_CC  washed_VBN  by_IO  machine_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  economic_JJ  comparison_NN  between_IO  clay_NN  pots_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  various_JJ  substitutes_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  former_DA  may_VM  last_VV0  indefinitely_RR  with_IO  luck_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  often_RR  expendable_JJ  used_VBN  only_RR  once_RR  .  
  clay_NN  pots_NNS  are_VBR  efficient_JJ  and_CC  congenial_JJ  containers_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  grow_VV0  plants_NNS  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  proper_JJ  setting_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  unattractive_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  their_APP$  shortcomings_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  gardeners_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  nostalgic_JJ  affection_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  present-day_JB  pots_NNS  are_VBR  better_RRR  finished_VBN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  get_VV0  dirty_JJ  so_RG  readily_RR  and_CC  are_VBR  easier_JJ  to_TO  wash_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  deep_JJ  rims_NNS  make_VV0  for_IO  neater_JJ  and_CC  safer_JJ  stacking_NN  ,_,  though_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  still_RR  expensive_JJ  and_CC  still_RR  get_VV0  broken_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  really_RR  no_AT1  replacement_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  sizes_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  decided_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  only_DA  suitable_JJ  container_NN  available_JJ  in_IO  quantity_NN  for_IO  fairly_RR  large_JJ  plants_NNS  .  
  soil_NN  blocks_NNS  are_VBR  probably_RR  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  alternative_NN  to_IO  clay_NN  pots_NNS  for_IO  plant_NN  raising_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  compressed_JJ  blocks_NNS  of_IO  compost_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  specially_RR  devised_VBN  press_NN  to_TO  simulate_VV0  roughly_RR  the_AT1  shape_NN  and_CC  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pot_NN  .  
  usually_RR  cylindrical_JJ  or_CC  hexagonal_JJ  in_IO  shape_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  compost_NN  as_CS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  pot_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  difference_NN  being_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  slightly_RR  moister_JJ  condition_NN  .  
  seed_NN  is_VBZ  sown_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  seedlings_NNS  are_VBR  pricked_VBN  out_RP  into_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  real_JJ  difference_NN  being_VBG  that_CS  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  watering_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  rose_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  blocks_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  spout_NN  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  first-class_JJ  plants_NNS  of_IO  tomatoes_NNS  ,_,  cucumbers_NNS  ,_,  marrows_NNS  ,_,  melons_NNS  ,_,  cauliflowers_NNS  ,_,  celery_NN  and_CC  onions_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  raised_VBN  in_IO  soil_NN  blocks_NNS  ;_;  so_PN1  can_VM  such_DA  flowering_JJ  plants_NNS  as_IO  dahlias_NNS  ,_,  chrysanthemums_NNS  ,_,  salvias_NNS  ,_,  sweet_JJ  peas_NNS  ,_,  lupins_NNS  and_CC  numerous_JJ  others_DA2  .  
  one_MC1  big_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  soil_NN  blocks_NNS  is_VBZ  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  one_MC1  :_:  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pot_NN  of_IO  any_DD  description_NN  is_VBZ  saved_VBN  completely_RR  .  
  manufacturing_VBG  the_AT1  block_NN  and_CC  planting_VBG  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  little_DA  more_DA  trouble_NN  than_IO  normal_JJ  potting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  superior_JJ  plant_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  transplants_VBZ  more_RG  easily_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  limitation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  soil_NN  blocks_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  propagating_VBG  ;_;  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  progression_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  block_NN  when_CS the_AT1  plant_NN  or_CC  seedling_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  moved_VBN  ;_;  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  planted_VBN  out_RP  or_CC  potted_VBN  .  
  many_DA  amateur_NN  gardeners_NNS  might_VM  improve_VV0  their_APP$  results_NNS  by_IO  buying_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  hand-operated_JJ  soil_NN  block_NN  maker_NN  and_CC  use_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  saved_VBN  on_IO  buying_VBG  small_JJ  pots_NNS  to_TO  improve_VV0  their_APP$  composts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  small_JJ  paper_NN  pots_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  useful_JJ  for_IO  short-term_JB  operations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  collapse_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  plants_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  them_PPHO1  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  quite_RR  useful_JJ  for_IO  plants_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  despatched_VBN  to_IO  market_NN  or_CC  direct_RR  to_IO  customers_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  cheapness_NN  making_VBG  them_PPHO1  attractive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  nurseryman_NN  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  considerable_JJ  saving_NN  in_IO  carriage_NN  costs_NNS  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  lightness_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  plastic_NN  pots_NNS  available_JJ  ;_;  some_DD  expensive_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  quite_RR  cheap_JJ  ;_;  some_DD  good_JJ  and_CC  others_DA2  not_XX  so_RG  good_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  plants_NNS  grow_VV0  quite_RR  well_RR  in_IO  plastic_NN  pots_NNS  and_CC  usually_RR  need_VV0  less_DA  water_NN  than_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  clay_NN  pots_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  slightly_RR  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  manage_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  until_CS  a_DA  little_DA  experience_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  gained_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  plastic_NN  pots_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  more_RG  expensive_JJ  than_IO  clay_NN  ones_CD1S  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  almost_RR  indestructible_JJ  and_CC  will_VM  last_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  with_IO  normal_JJ  care_NN  .  
  when_CS greenhouse_NN  plants_NNS  go_VV0  to_IO  rest_NN  .  
  \0S_NP  Clapham_NP  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  the_AT1  summer-flowering_JJ  greenhouse_NN  perennials_NNS  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  at_IO  rest_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  need_VV0  no_AT1  attention_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  can_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  grief_NN  more_RG  readily_RR  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  care_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  not_XX  only_RR  alive_JJ  in_IO  spring_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  possible_JJ  condition_NN  for_IO  re-starting_VBG  into_IO  growth_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  ones_CD1S  which_DDQ  are_VBR  most_RG  liable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  neglected_VBN  are_VBR  those_DD2  which_DDQ  die_VV0  down_RP  completely_RR  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  gloxinias_NNS  ,_,  achimenes_NNS  and_CC  tuberous_JJ  begonias_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  are_VBR  often_RR  left_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  pots_NNS  and_CC  laid_VBN  on_IO  their_APP$  sides_NNS  beneath_IO  the_AT1  staging_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  very_RG  much_RR    out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  mind_NN  ,_,    and_CC  where_CS any_DD  damage_NN  caused_VBN  by_IO  slugs_NNS  ,_,  wood-lice_NNS  or_CC  mice_NNS  is_VBZ  thus_RR  not_XX  readily_RR  noticed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  pays_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  these_DD2  plants_NNS  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  examination_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  any_DD  traces_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  pests_NNS  are_VBR  seen_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  put_VV0  down_RP  some_DD  traps_NNS  or_CC  bait_NN  straight_RR  away_RP  .  
  with_IO  these_DD2  quite_RR  dormant_JJ  plants_NNS  the_AT1  temperature_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  watched_VBN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  for_CS  with_IO  gloxinias_NNS  and_CC  achimenes_NNS  particularly_RR  this_DD1  should_VM  go_VV0  no_RR  lower_RRR  than_IO  50_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  the_AT1  plants_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  somewhere_RR  warmer_JJ  immediately_RR  .  
  begonia_NN  tubers_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  mind_VV0  a_AT1  slightly_RR  lower_JJ  temperature_NN  than_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  these_DD2  the_AT1  main_JB  danger_NN  is_VBZ  excessive_JJ  dryness_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  leads_VBZ  to_IO  shrivelling_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  occurs_VBZ  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  damping-over_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tubers_NNS  will_VM  soon_RR  put_VV0  matters_NNS  right_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  overdone_VBN  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  drip_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  staging_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  best_JJT  to_TO  keep_VV0  all_DB  these_DD2  stored_JJ  plants_NNS  covered_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  say_UH  ,_,  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  corrugated_JJ  iron_NN  or_CC  asbestos_NN  sheeting_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  hydrangea_NN  buds_NNS  plump_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  hydrangea_NN  is_VBZ  another_DD1  plant_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  usually_RR  stored_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  out-of-the-way_JB  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  again_RR  excessive_JJ  dryness_NN  can_VM  cause_VV0  trouble_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  plants_NNS  are_VBR  neglected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  hydrangeas_NNS  need_VV0  no_AT1  water_NN  at_IO  all_DB  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  months_NNS    those_DD2  growing_VBG  outside_RP  are_VBR  kept_VBN  moist_JJ  enough_RGA  !_!    and_CC  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  kept_VBN  cool_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  prevent_VV0  premature_JJ  growth_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  safe_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  just_RR  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  green_JJ  bud_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  stem_NN  nice_JJ  and_CC  plump_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  buds_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  should_VM  contain_VV0  the_AT1  dormant_JJ  flower-shoot_NN  for_IO  next_DA  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  affected_VBN  by_IO  mildew_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  easily_RR  happen_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  roots_NNS  are_VBR  kept_VBN  too_RG  dry_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  plants_NNS  will_VM  obviously_RR  not_XX  flower_VV0  as_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  ,_,  if_CS  indeed_RR  they_PPHS2  flower_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  and_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  safeguard_NN  against_IO  mildew_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  advisable_JJ  to_TO  dust_VV0  the_AT1  buds_NNS  with_IO  flowers_NNS  of_IO  sulphur_NN  .  
  with_IO  pot-grown_JJ  fuchsias_NNS  almost_RR  complete_JJ  dryness_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  resting_NN  season_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  matter_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  season_NN  is_VBZ  normally_RR  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  short_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  heated_JJ  house_NN  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  safe_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  start_VV0  watering_VBG  immediately_RR  after_IO  Christmas_NP  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  cold_JJ  house_NN  a_DA  little_DA  watering_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  will_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  harm_NN  as_CS  fuchsias_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  nearly_RR  hardy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  can_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  increased_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  weather_NN  warms_VBZ  up_RP  .  
  heliotropes_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  different_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  the_AT1  greenhouse_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  well_RR  above_IO  freezing_NN  point_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  reasonably_RR  warm_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  warmest_JJT  position_NN  possible_JJ  and_CC  kept_VBN  moist_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  dry_JJ  side_NN  if_CS  anything_PN1  .  
  rooted_JJ  cuttings_NNS  of_IO  heliotropes_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  much_RR  easier_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  than_IO  old_JJ  plants_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  again_RR  water_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  very_RG  sparingly_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  plants_NNS  placed_VBN  where_CS they_PPHS2  will_VM  get_VV0  light_NN  and_CC  warmth_NN  .  
  protect_VV0  from_IO  cold_JJ  weather_NN  .  
  zonal_JJ  pelargoniums_NNS  ,_,  fortunately_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  much_RR  less_RG  touchy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  cold_JJ  house_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  often_RR  survive_VV0  if_CS  kept_VBN  very_RG  dry_JJ  and_CC  given_VBN  a_DA  little_DA  extra_JJ  protection_NN  in_IO  really_RR  cold_JJ  weather_NN    a_DA  few_DA  sheets_NNS  of_IO  newspaper_NN  laid_VBN  over_IO  them_PPHO1  will_VM  often_RR  save_VV0  the_AT1  roots_NNS  if_CS  not_XX  the_AT1  tops_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  heated_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  more_DA  water_NN  is_VBZ  advisable_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  plants_NNS  are_VBR  kept_VBN  too_RG  dry_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  tend_VV0  to_TO  become_VV0  so_RG  hard_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  stems_NNS  are_VBR  slow_JJ  to_TO    break_VV0    in_IO  spring_NN  .  
  but_CCB  too_RG  much_DA  water_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  will_VM  produce_VV0  soft_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  growths_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  no_AT1  use_NN  for_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  method_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  plants_NNS  just_RR  enough_DD  to_TO  enable_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  hold_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  without_IO  making_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  growth_NN  .  
  afterwards_RR  they_PPHS2  should_VM  romp_VV0  away_RP  in_IO  spring_NN  .  
  this_DD1  week_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  garden_NN  .  
  by_IO  Percy_NP  Thrower_NP  ,_,  \0M.D.H_NP  .  
  flowers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  planting_NN  season_NN  for_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  shrubs_NNS  and_CC  roses_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  possible_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  planting_NN  done_VBN  in_IO  November_NN1  while_CS  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soil_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  fairly_RR  high_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  roots_NNS  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  chance_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  themselves_PPX2  established_VBN  before_CS  bad_JJ  weather_NN  sets_VBZ  in_RP  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  many_DA  readers_NNS  with_IO  new_JJ  gardens_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  considering_VBG  the_AT1  planting_NN  of_IO  hedges_NNS  .  
  privet_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  shrub_NN  that_PNQS comes_VBZ  to_TO  mind_VV0  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  recommend_VV0  it_PPH1  despite_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quick_JJ  in_IO  growth_NN  ,_,  hardy_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  most_DA  districts_NNS  ,_,  evergreen_JJ  .  
  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  prefer_VV0  beech_NN  which_DDQ  retains_VBZ  its_APP$  beautiful_JJ  golden-brown_JJ  leaves_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  country_NN  districts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  hawthorn_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  hedge_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Cupressus_&FW  lawsoniana_&FW  and_CC  Thuja_&FW  plicata_&FW  make_VV0  fine_JJ  hedges_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  where_CS a_AT1  screen_NN  of_IO  fair_JJ  size_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  for_IO  small_JJ  dividing_JJ  hedges_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  flowering_JJ  shrubs_NNS  such_IO  as_II  escallonia_NN  ,_,  forsythia_NN  ,_,  cotoneaster_NN  or_CC  strong_JJ  growing_JJ  floribunda_NN  roses_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  delightful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  preparation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  planting_NN  of_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  shrubs_NNS  and_CC  roses_NNS  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  thorough_JJ  because_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  permanent_JJ  plants_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  disturbed_VBN  once_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  site_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  deeply_RR  dug_VBN  with_IO  manure_NN  ,_,  garden_NN  compost_NN  or_CC  peat_NN  being_VBG  worked_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  soil_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  some_DD  bone_NN  meal_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  sprinkled_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  soil_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  assist_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  root_NN  system_NN  .  
  if_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  herbaceous_JJ  plants_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  lifted_VBN  ,_,  divided_VBN  and_CC  replanted_VBN  ,_,  this_DD1  work_NN  must_VM  either_LE  be_VB0  done_VBN  very_RG  soon_RR  or_CC  left_VBN  over_RP  until_IO  February_NN1  or_CC  March_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  wise_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  herbaceous_JJ  plants_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  some_DD  shrubs_NNS  are_VBR  a_RR  little_RR  tender_JJ  and_CC  need_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  protection_NN  in_IO  exposed_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  some_DD  veronicas_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  flowered_JJ  escallonias_NNS  .  
  in_IO  northern_JJ  and_CC  eastern_JJ  districts_NNS  the_AT1  large_JJ  flowered_JJ  hydrangeas_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  safer_JJ  with_IO  some_DD  protection_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  recommend_VV0  covering_VBG  such_DA  tender_JJ  shrubs_NNS  completely_RR  with_IO  polythene_NN  but_CCB  polythene_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  wrapped_VBN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  top_NN  being_VBG  left_VBN  open_JJ  .  
  better_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  view_NN  is_VBZ  protection_NN  with_IO  dry_JJ  bracken_NN  or_CC  sacking_NN  ,_,  either_LE  of_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  place_NN  with_IO  canes_NNS  and_CC  string_NN  .  
  very_RG  good_JJ  lawns_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  quickly_RR  from_IO  turf_NN  provided_CS  the_AT1  turf_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  reasonably_RR  clean_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  of_IO  weeds_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  lay_VV0  turf_NN  .  
  vegetables_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  many_DA  readers_NNS  with_IO  new_JJ  gardens_NNS  who_PNQS just_RR  now_RL  are_VBR  thinking_VBG  of_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  vegetable_NN  garden_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  essential_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  fork_VV0  out_RP  all_DB  perennial_JJ  weeds_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  weeds_NNS  such_IO  as_II  docks_NNS  ,_,  dandelions_NNS  ,_,  creeping_JJ  buttercups_NNS  ,_,  couch_NN  grass_NN  and_CC  bindweed_NN  which_DDQ  persist_VV0  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  .  
  all_DB  ground_NN  should_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  dug_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  depth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  spade_NN  and_CC  left_VBN  rough_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  so_CS  that_CS  frost_NN  ,_,  wind_NN  and_CC  rain_NN  may_VM  break_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  most_DA  vegetables_NNS  like_VV0  a_AT1  firm_JJ  soil_NN  and_CC  if_CS  digging_VBG  is_VBZ  left_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  soil_NN  firm_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  .  
  new_JJ  land_NN  turned_VBN  over_RP  now_RL  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  ideal_JJ  condition_NN  for_IO  vegetables_NNS  for_IO  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  dig_VV0  heavy_JJ  land_NN  in_IO  autumn_NN  because_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  better_JJ  than_IO  frost_NN  and_CC  wind_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  lumps_NNS  of_IO  clay_NN  .  
  just_RR  leave_VV0  the_AT1  clods_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  turned_VBN  over_RP  ,_,  making_VBG  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  scatter_VV0  basic_JJ  slag_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  at_IO  4_MC  to_IO  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  per_IO  \0sq_NNU  \0yd_NNU  or_CC  give_VV0  a_AT1  similar_JJ  dressing_NN  of_IO  hydrated_JJ  lime_NN  .  
  clear_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  yellow_JJ  leaves_NNS  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  brussels_NNS  sprout_NN  plants_NNS  and_CC  put_VV0  these_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  compost_NN  heap_NN  .  
  take_VV0  care_NN  not_XX  to_TO  damage_VV0  any_DD  healthy_JJ  leaves_NNS  as_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  feeding_VBG  the_AT1  plants_NNS  still_RR  and_CC  helping_VBG  the_AT1  sprouts_NNS  to_TO  form_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  too_RG  late_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  sowing_NN  of_IO  lettuce_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  .  
  seedlings_NNS  from_IO  earlier_JJ  sowings_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  examined_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  and_CC  any_DD  decaying_JJ  leaves_NNS  removed_VBN  .  
  fruit_NN  .  
  for_IO  fruit_NN  also_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  planting_NN  season_NN  and_CC  work_NN  can_VM  continue_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  soil_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  reasonable_JJ  condition_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  March_NN1  .  
  nevertheless_RR  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  autumn_NN  planting_NN  has_VHZ  much_DA  to_TO  commend_VV0  it_PPH1  because_CS  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  bushes_NNS  or_CC  canes_NNS  get_VV0  a_AT1  longer_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  establish_VV0  themselves_PPX2  before_IO  commencing_VBG  to_TO  grow_VV0  in_IO  spring_NN  .  
  fruit_NN  trees_NNS  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  purchased_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  reliable_JJ  source_NN  because_CS  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  root_NN  stock_NN  and_CC  some_DD  are_VBR  very_RG  liable_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  infected_VBN  with_IO  virus_NN  disease_NN  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  properly_RR  inspected_VBN  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  gardens_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  wall_NN  or_CC  fence_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  fruit_NN  tree_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  trained_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  and_CC  profitable_JJ  method_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  of_IO  making_VBG  good_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  position_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  north_NN1  wall_NN  I_PPIS1  recommend_VV0  a_AT1  Morello_NP  cherry_NN  ,_,  for_IO  an_AT1  east_NN1  wall_NN  a_AT1  plum_NN  or_CC  greengage_NN  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  south_NN1  or_CC  west-facing_JJ  wall_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  peach_NN  ,_,  nectarine_NN  or_CC  apricot_NN  .  
  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  greenhouse_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  greenhouse_NN  is_VBZ  getting_VBG  very_RG  congested_JJ  with_IO  chrysanthemums_NNS  ,_,  cinerarias_NNS  ,_,  primulas_NNS  ,_,  cyclamen_NNS  ,_,  solanums_NNS  ,_,  echeverias_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  shelves_NNS  schizanthus_NNS  ,_,  calceolarias_NNS  and_CC  cuttings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  bedding_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  problem_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  keep_VV0  everything_PN1  in_IO  good_JJ  condition_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  ventilators_NNS  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  whenever_CS outdoor_JB  conditions_NNS  are_VBR  favourable_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  is_VBZ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  free_JJ  circulation_NN  of_IO  air_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  plants_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  reasonably_RR  dry_JJ  .  
  schizanthus_NNS  and_CC  calceolarias_NNS  need_VV0  very_RG  careful_JJ  watering_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  avoid_VV0  splashing_VBG  water_NN  unnecessarily_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  and_CC  still_RR  more_RRR  do_VD0  not_XX  allow_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  collect_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  plants_NNS  fill_VV0  their_APP$  pots_NNS  with_IO  roots_NNS  move_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_RP  to_IO  larger_JJ  sizes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  coleus_NN  cuttings_NNS  ,_,  four_MC  in_IO  each_DD1  3_MC  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  pot_NN  and_CC  all_DB  nicely_RR  rooted_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  now_RL  put_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  shelf_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  glass_NN  and_CC  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  there_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  from_IO  these_DD2  stock_JJ  cuttings_NNS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  take_VV0  further_JB  cuttings_NNS  in_IO  spring_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  spring-struck_JJ  cuttings_NNS  make_VV0  finer_JJ  plants_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  rooted_VBN  in_IO  autumn_NN  .  
  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  begonia_NN  tubers_NNS  in_IO  store_NN  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  show_VV0  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  signs_NNS  of_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  dust_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  flowers_NNS  of_IO  sulphur_NN  .  
  bulbs_NNS  in_IO  pots_NNS  ,_,  boxes_VBZ  and_CC  bowls_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  kept_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  cool_JJ  dark_JJ  place_NN  or_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  plunged_VBN  in_IO  sand_NN  or_CC  ashes_NNS  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  eight_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  brought_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  put_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  artificial_JJ  heat_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  yet_RR  .  
  as_CS  fuchsias_NNS  begin_VV0  to_TO  drop_VV0  their_APP$  leaves_NNS  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  water_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  until_CS  eventually_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  kept_VBN  almost_RR  dry_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  reliable_JJ  battery_NN  operated_VBN  garden_NN  tools_NNS  .  
  written_VBN  and_CC  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0D_NP  Johnson_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  battery_NN  lawnmower_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  introduced_VBN  three_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  expressed_VVD  my_APP$  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  my_APP$  friends_NNS  nodded_VVD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  sagely_RR  and_CC  expressed_VVD  grave_JJ  doubts_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  renew_VV0  the_AT1  battery_NN  frequently_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  pounds_NNS  odd_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  optimistic_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  after_IO  three_MC  seasons'_NN2  use_NN  my_APP$  own_DA  battery_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  holding_VBG  its_APP$  charge_NN  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  when_CS new_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  no_AT1  special_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  adhere_VV0  rigidly_RR  to_IO  three_MC  maxims_NNS    to_TO  charge_VV0  it_PPH1  immediately_RR  after_IO  use_NN  every_AT1  time_NN  ;_;  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  topped_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  distilled_JJ  water_NN  ;_;  and_CC  not_XX  to_TO  let_VV0  it_PPH1  become_VV0  frozen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  those_DD2  enthusiasts_NNS  for_IO  quiet_JJ  effortless_JJ  electric_JJ  mowing_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  already_RR  bought_VBN  mains-operated_JJ  machines_NNS  may_VM  feel_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  sad_JJ  at_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  their_APP$  cable_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  delighted_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  that_CS  Webbs_NP2  are_VBR  now_RL  willing_JJ  to_TO  undertake_VV0  conversion_NN  of_IO  mains_JB  machines_NNS  to_IO  battery_NN  operation_NN  .  
  stamps_NNS  of_IO  Lebanon's_PPIO2  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  .  
  by_IO  Wilfrid_NP  \0T_NP  \0F_NP  Castle_NP  .  
    taxi_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  go_VV0  Jerusalem_NP  .  
  taxi_NN  here_RL  ,_,  sir_NN  !_!    
    Amman_NP  .  
  yes_UH  .    
    taxi_VV0  Damascus_NP  ,_,  yes_UH  please_UH  .    
    taxi_NN  Baalbeck_NP  .  
  you_PPY  wanna_VV0  go_VV0  Baalbeck_NP  .    
    taxi_NN  !_!    
    taxi_NN  !_!    
  the_AT1  philatelic_JJ  traveller_NN  landing_VBG  at_IO  Beyrouth_NP  or_CC  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  post_NN  office_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  some_DD  Lebanese_JJ  stamps_NNS  ,_,  soon_RR  concludes_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  never_RR  seen_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  ultra-modern_JJ  luxury_NN  cars_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  or_CC  so_RG  many_DA  drivers_NNS  willing_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  where_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  happen_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  persistent_JJ  taxi_NN  follows_VBZ  him_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  crawling_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  sidewalk_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  optimistic_JJ  driver_NN  repeating_VBG  at_IO  intervals_NNS  .  
    taxi_NN  .  
  you_PPY  like_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  bid_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Dutch_JJ  auction_NN  !_!  
  why_UH  on_IO  earth_NN  should_VM  anyone_PN1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  .  
  especially_RR  a_AT1  stamp_NN  collector_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  some_DD  Lebanese_JJ  stamps_NNS  !_!  
  yet_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  stamp_NN  collector_NN  knows_VBZ  even_RR  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  of_IO  Arabic_NN1  the_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  the_AT1  twelve_MC  kilometres_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  coastal_JJ  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  will_VM  ring_VV0  a_AT1  bell_NN  .  
  Dog_NP  River_NNL1    Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  !_!  
  why_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  stamp_NN  scenes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  Mediterranean_NP  !_!  
  a_AT1  picture_NN  flashes_VBZ  to_TO  mind_VV0  :_:  a_AT1  graceful_JJ  old_JJ  three-arched_JJ  bridge_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  river_NN  flowing_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  rocky_JJ  valley_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  how_CS many_DA  Lebanese_JJ  stamps_NNS  have_VH0  pictured_VBN  this_DD1  typical_JJ  view_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  very_RG  well_RR  then_RL  ,_,  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_IO  the_AT1  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  ,_,  please_UH  .  .    
    jump_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  sir_NN  !_!    
  so_RR  off_RP  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  tumbled_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  Mount_NNL1  Lebanon_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  valleys_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN    off_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  stamp_NN  scene_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  story_NN    a_AT1  scene_NN  straight_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  Gibbons_NP  part_NN  3_MC  but_CCB  a_AT1  story_NN  that_PNQS goes_VBZ  back_RP  some_DD  two_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  \0B.C_RR  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  catalogue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  stamp_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  and_CC  its_APP$  bridge_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  0_MC  \0p.50_NNU  postage_NN  due_JJ  label_NN  of_IO  1925_MC  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  scene_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  chosen_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  set_NN  of_IO  definitive_JJ  pictorials_NNS  issued_VBN  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  .  
  \0S.G.D.11_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  photogravure_NN  job_NN  by_IO  Vaugirard_NP  of_IO  Paris_NP  on_IO  yellow_JJ  tinted_JJ  paper_NN  and_CC  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  early_JJ  pictorials_NNS  printed_VBN  by_IO  Vaugirard_NP  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  by_IO  \0J_NP  de_&FW  la_&FW  Nezie*?2re_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  definitive_JJ  postage_NN  stamp_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  4_MC  piastre_NN  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1930_MC  pictorial_JJ  series_NN  (_(  \0S.G.171_NP  )_)  which_DDQ  Gibbons_NP  illustrate_VV0  as_IO    type_NN  16_MC  .    
  the_AT1  designer_NN  and_CC  printer_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  nearly_RR  all_DB  Lebanese_JJ  stamps_NNS  the_AT1  caption_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  frame_NN  gives_VBZ  designer_NN  ,_,  printer_NN  and_CC  subject_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  photogravure_NN    or_CC  as_CS  this_DD1  printer_NN  calls_VBZ  it_PPH1    heliogravure_NN      job_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  world_NN  war_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Lebanon_NP  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  republic_NN  somewhat_RR  unwillingly_RR  under_IO  French_JJ  mandate_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  communication_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Vaugirard_NP  printers_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  serious_JJ  start_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  printing_VBG    do-it-yourself_JB    offset_NN  lithographed_JJ  stamps_NNS  in_IO  Beyrouth_NP  .  
  (_(  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1930_MC  six_MC  silk_NN  congress_NN  commemoratives_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  typographed_VBN  locally_RR  .  )_)  
  under_IO  war_NN  conditions_NNS  the_AT1  last_DA  stamp_NN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  from_IO  Paris_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  5_MC  piastre_NN  value_NN  printed_VBN  in_IO  recess_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  design_NN    Gibbons_NP  called_VVD  it_PPH1    type_NN  16_MC    as_CS  the_AT1  design_NN  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  photogravure_NN  stamp_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  format_NN  is_VBZ  larger_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  bold_JJ  style_NN  of_IO  recess_NN  painting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colour_NN  is_VBZ  green-blue_NN  .  
  alone_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  1930_MC  pictorials_NNS  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  was_VBDZ  perpetuated_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  history_NN  turned_VBN  out_RP  differently_RR  others_DA2  of_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  followed_VBN  with_IO  new_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  colours_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  recess_NN  engraving_NN  .  
  but_CCB  France_NP  fell_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  French_JJ  mandatory_JJ  authorities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Lebanon_NP  found_VVD  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_NN  .  
  British_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  French_JJ  forces_NNS  entered_VVD  the_AT1  Lebanon_NP  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  fighting_NN  and_CC  confusion_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  signing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  convention_NN  of_IO  Acre_NP  on_IO  July_NN1  14th_MD  ,_,  1941_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  by_IO  then_RL  no_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  any_DD  more_DA  recess_NN  printed_JJ  stamps_NNS  coming_VBG  from_IO  France_NP  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  French_JJ  mandate_NN  itself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  doomed_VBN  .  
  with_IO  British_JJ  backing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  the_AT1  Lebanese_JJ  republic_NN  became_VVD  an_AT1  independent_JJ  sovereign_JJ  state_NN  on_IO  November_NN1  27th_MD  ,_,  1941_MC  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  stamp_NN  subject_NN  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  survived_VVD  the_AT1  great_JJ  political_JJ  change_NN  .  
  first_RR  came_VVD  wartime_NN  stop-gap_NN  overprints_NNS  .  
  among_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  recess_NN  printed_VBN  5_MC  piastre_NN  value_NN  received_VVD  overprints_NNS  altering_VBG  the_AT1  duty_NN  to_IO  2_MC  or_CC  3_MC  piastres_NNS  (_(  \0S.G.261_NP  and_CC  262_MC  )_)  .  
  miniature_NN  cedar_NN  trees_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  to_TO  block_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  original_JJ  value_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  1947_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  scene_NN  again_RR  appeared_VVD  on_IO  stamps_NNS  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  four_MC  airmail_NN  stamps_NNS  in_IO  offset_NN  lithography_NN  were_VBDR  printed_VBN  in_IO  Beyrouth_NP  to_TO  commemorate_VV0  the_AT1  evacuation_NN  of_IO  all_DB  foreign_JJ  forces_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  (_(  \0S.G.334-337_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  design_NN    Gibbons_NP    type_NN  48_MC      shows_VBZ  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  bridge_NN  and_CC  river_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  hand_NN  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  appears_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  inscribed_JJ  rock_NN  tablets_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  unique_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  scene_NN  .  
  presumably_RR  this_DD1  tablet_NN  in_IO  Arabic_NN1  commemorates_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  event_NN  as_CS  does_VBZ  the_AT1  stamp_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dates_VBZ  from_IO  1947_MC  .  
  the_AT1  attractive_JJ  bridge_NN  which_DDQ  forms_VBZ  the_AT1  central_JJ  feature_NN  in_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  stamp_NN  designs_NNS  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  form_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Emir_NNSB1  Bechir_NP  Chehab_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1828-29_MC-MC  .  
  so_PN1  says_VBZ  an_AT1  inscription_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  stone_NN  tablet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  another_DD1  inscription_NN  chiselled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  states_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  bridge_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  here_RL  by_IO  Sultan_NNSB1  Selim_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  Ottoman_JJ  Turkish_JJ  conqueror_NN  of_IO  Lebanon_NP  ,_,  Syria_NP  ,_,  Palestine_NP  and_CC  Egypt_NP  who_PNQS added_VVD  these_DD2  lands_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  empire_NN  in_IO  1516-17_MC-MC  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  Circassian_JJ  Sultan_NNSB1  of_IO  Egypt_NP  and_CC  Syria_NP  called_VBN  Bargoug_NP  or_CC  Berkuk_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ruled_VVD  from_IO  Cairo_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1382-99_MC-MC  ,_,  built_VVD  a_AT1  bridge_NN  here_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  Mongol_JJ  invasions_NNS  .  
  probably_RR  Saracens_NP2  ,_,  crusaders_NNS  ,_,  Byzantines_NP2  and_CC  Romans_NP2  built_VVD  or_CC  repaired_VVD  bridges_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  spot_NN  .  
  modern_JJ  road_NN  and_CC  railway_NN  bridges_NNS  take_VV0  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  communication_NN  of_IO  to-day_NN1  between_IO  Beyrouth_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  north_NN1  past_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  where_CS the_AT1  mountain_NN  comes_VBZ  right_RR  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  shore_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  or_CC  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  crossed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  width_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  headland_NN  of_IO  Ras_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  (_(  which_DDQ  terminates_VBZ  the_AT1  southern_JJ  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  in_IO  olden_JJ  times_NNS  the_AT1  road_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  track_NN  clinging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  rocky_JJ  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  headland_NN  before_IO  descending_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  bridges_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  carried_VBN  it_PPH1  across_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  later_RRR  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  road_NN  took_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  favourable_JJ  route_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  level_NN  .  
  constructed_VBN  by_IO  order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caesar_NP  Marcus_NP  Aurelius_NP  Antonius_NP  about_IO  \0A.D_RR  173_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reconstructed_VBN  in_IO  Byzantine_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  all_RR  through_IO  history_NN  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  passing_VBG  this_DD1  spot_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rock_NN  face_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  roadside_NN  offered_VVD  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  conquerors_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  to_TO  engrave_VV0  records_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  passage_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  inscribed_VBN  panels_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  ten_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  height_NN  in_IO  Arabic_NN1  ,_,  English_NN1  ,_,  French_JJ  ,_,  Greek_NN1  ,_,  Latin_NN1  ,_,  cuneiform_NN  ,_,  Assyrian_NN1  and_CC  hieroglyphic_JJ  Egyptian_NN1  witnessing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  deeds_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  diverse_JJ  heroes_NNS  as_IO  Rameses_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Esarhaddon_NP  ,_,  Nebuchadnezzar_NP  ,_,  Napoleon_NP  3_MC  ,_,  General_NNSB1  Allenby_NP  and_CC  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  Australian_JJ  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  and_CC  Indian_JJ  troops_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  stamps_NNS  show_VV0  but_II  one_MC1  page_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  most_RG  gigantic_JJ  visitors'_NN2  book_NN  !_!  
  before_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dog_NP  River_NNL1  stamps_NNS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  now_RL  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  why_CS this_DD1  river_NN  is_VBZ  so_PN1  called_VBN  .  
  Egyptian_JJ  god_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  up-to-date_JJ  explanation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  river_NN  was_VBDZ  once_RR  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Egyptian_JJ  cult_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  god_NN  Anubis_NP  ,_,  represented_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  jackal_NN  or_CC  wolf_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  figure_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  jackal's_NN1$  or_CC  dog's_NN1$  head_NN  .  
  popularly_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looked_VBN  upon_IO  as_IO  the_AT1  dog_NN  god_NN  who_PNQS showed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  and_CC  is_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  Lebanon_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  cult_NN  of_IO  Isis_NP  and_CC  Osiris_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  cult_NN  Isis_NP  ,_,  searching_VBG  for_IO  her_APP$  dead_JJ  lover_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  guided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  dog_NN  Anubis_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS became_VVD  her_APP$  guide_NN  and_CC  companion_NN  .  
  be_VB0  that_DD1  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  ,_,  at_IO  some_DD  early_JJ  period_NN  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  statue_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  or_CC  similar_JJ  animal_NN  was_VBDZ  erected_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  headland_NN  of_IO  Ras_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  (_(  Dog_NP  Head_NNL1  )_)  above_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  statue_NN  was_VBDZ  vocal_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  howl_VV0  or_CC  bark_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  sound_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  strong_JJ  that_CS  legend_NN  insists_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  animal_NN    awoke_VVD  the_AT1  echoes_NNS  of_IO  far-distant_JJ  Cyprus_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  bark_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  strange_JJ  experience_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  stormy_JJ  night_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  sound_NN  coming_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  range_NN  was_VBDZ  less_DA  than_IO  125_MC  miles_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  Greeks_NP2  called_VVD  the_AT1  river_NN  Lykos_&FW  Potamus_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  lycus_&FW  flumen_&FW    both_DB2  alike_RR  meaning_VBG    wolf_NN  River_NNL1  .    
  thus_RR  the_AT1  Egyptian_JJ  dog_NN    or_CC  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  a_AT1  jackal_NN  .    became_VVD  a_AT1  wolf_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wolf_NN  an_AT1  Arab_JJ  dog_NN  .  
  before_IO  exploring_VBG  upstream_RR  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  some_DD  other_DA  stamp_NN  scenes_NNS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  examine_VV0  the_AT1  later_JJ  stamps_NNS  showing_VBG  the_AT1  old_JJ  bridge_NN  .  
  these_DD2  lack_VV0  the_AT1  elaborate_JJ  arabesque_JJ  frames_NNS  of_IO  earlier_JJ  types_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  bridge_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  prominent_JJ  and_CC  fills_VBZ  the_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  and_CC  despite_IO  the_AT1  Druze_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  Circassian_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  Turk_NN1  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  are_VBR  associated_VBN  with_IO  its_APP$  construction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  caption_NN  is_VBZ    pont_&FW  Arabe_&FW  sur_&FW  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  .    
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  honour_VV0  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS probably_RR  did_VDD  the_AT1  actual_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  building_VBG  !_!  
  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  1950_MC  has_VHZ  five_MC  stamps_NNS  designated_VBN  by_IO  Gibbons_NP  as_IO    type_NN  66_MC  ,_,    designed_VBN  by_IO  \0P_NP  Koroleff_NP  and_CC  printed_VBN  in_IO  offset_NN  lithography_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  imprimerir_&FW  catholique_&FW  at_IO  Beyrouth_NP  (_(  \0S.G.411-415_NP  )_)  .  
  at_IO  first_MD  glance_NN  these_DD2  stamps_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  photogravure_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  certainly_RR  reproduce_VV0  the_AT1  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  original_JJ  photograph_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  line_NN  drawing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  offset_NN  lithographed_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  1951_MC  (_(  \0S.G.433-437_NP  )_)  consists_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  of_IO  stamps_NNS  designed_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Koroleff_NP  as_IO  line_NN  drawings_NNS    Gibbons_NP    type_NN  74_MC  .    
  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  very_RG  distinct_JJ  shades_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  looked_VBN  for_IO  :_:  the_AT1  12_MC  \0p.50_NNU  value_NN  comes_VBZ  in_IO  both_DB2  bright_JJ  and_CC  dull_JJ  turquoise_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  50_MC  piastre_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  light_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  green_NN  .  
  in_IO  1957_MC  the_AT1  same_DA  design_NN  reappeared_VVD  in_IO  new_JJ  colours_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  inscription_NN    Re*?2publique_&FW  Libanaise_&FW    replaced_VBN  by_IO  simply_RR    Liban_NP  .    
  these_DD2  stamps_NNS  formed_VVD  a_AT1  short_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  three_MC  values_NNS  (_(  \0S.G.561-563_NP  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  lingered_VBN  long_RR  enough_RGA  by_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  .  
  away_RP  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  ,_,  now_RL  upstream_RR  where_CS   the_AT1  bright_JJ  little_JJ  river_NN  dashes_VBZ  along_RP  through_IO  a_AT1  glen_NN  which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  the_AT1  very_DA  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN    to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  Jeita_NP  Grottos_NPLS  ,_,  subject_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  vertical_JJ  pictorials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  March_NN1  1955_MC  definitives_NNS  .  
  (_(  two_MC  full_JJ  sets_NNS  of_IO  definitive_JJ  pictorials_NNS  every_AT1  year_NN  could_VM  easily_RR  kill_VV0  all_DB  philatelic_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  Lebanon_NP  !_!  )_)  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  \0S.G.514-518_NP  .  
  three_MC  huge_JJ  caves_NNS  take_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Jeita_NP  Grottos_NPLS  from_IO  the_AT1  nearby_JB  village_NN  of_IO  Jeita_NP  ,_,  variously_RR  spelt_VBN  Gita_NC2  or_CC  Ghita_NC2  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  cave_NN  rushes_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  second_MD  penetrates_VBZ  under_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  and_CC  then_RL  descends_VBZ  into_IO  an_AT1  abyss_NN  with_IO  parallel_JJ  and_CC  branching_JJ  passages_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  gives_VBZ  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  cave_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  largest_JJT  cavern_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  gallery_NN  or_CC  corridor_NN  and_CC  again_RR  we_PPIS2  meet_VV0  the_AT1  river_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  descends_VBZ  ,_,  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  cave_NN  and_CC  disappearing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  north-west_NN1  corner_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  thundering_JJ  roar_NN  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  caves_NNS  the_AT1  banks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Nahr_&FW  el-Kelb_&FW  are_VBR  formed_VBN  of_IO  shattered_JJ  cliffs_NNS  of_IO  grey_JJ  limestone_NN  nearly_RR  2,000_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  various_JJ  tributaries_NNS  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  waterfall_NN  roars_VBZ  over_IO  a_AT1  rocky_JJ  ledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  reach_VV0  a_AT1  point_NN  where_CS the_AT1  river_NN  is_VBZ  spanned_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  natural_JJ  bridge_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  geological_JJ  wonders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  natural_JJ  bridge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  natural_JJ  bridge_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Jisr_&FW  el-Hajr_&FW  or_CC  Jisr_&FW  Hajar_&FW  (_(  stone_NN  Bridge_NNL1  )_)  and_CC  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  village_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  which_DDQ  leads_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  Djounie_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  village_NN  of_IO  Fareiya_NP  or_CC  Faraya_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  described_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  stamps_NNS  which_DDQ  depict_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO    pont_&FW  naturel_&FW  ,_,  Faraya_NP  .    
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  two_MC  lowest_JJT  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  cross_NN  airmail_NN  stamps_NNS  of_IO  1947_MC  (_(  \0S.G.338-339_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  stamps_NNS  hardly_RR  convey_VV0  a_AT1  true_JJ  impression_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  massive_JJ  bridge_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  though_CS  handicapped_VBN  by_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  offset_NN  lithography_NN  the_AT1  set_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  is_VBZ  among_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  highly_RR  priced_JJ  of_IO  Lebanese_JJ  stamps_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  thematic_JJ  appeal_NN  being_VBG  two-fold_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Jisr_&FW  Hajar_&FW  of_IO  Faraya_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  elliptical_JJ  arch_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  slightly_RR  oblique_JJ  but_CCB  with_IO  regular_JJ  abutments_NNS  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  the_AT1  southern_JJ  arm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stream_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  source_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Neba_&FW  el-Lebn_&FW  or_CC  milk_NN  Fountain_NNL1  .  
  another_DD1  arm_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  rises_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  Neba_&FW  el-Asul_&FW  or_CC  honey_NN  Fountain_NNL1  .  
  hereabouts_RR  the_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ  wild_JJ  and_CC  bare_JJ  .  
  windmills_NNS  .  
  collectors'_NN2  pieces_NNS  .  for_IO  the_AT1  keen_JJ  amateur_NN  .  
  by_IO  Jeffery_NP  \0W_NP  Whitelaw_NP  .  
  windmills_NNS  ,_,  quaint_JJ  and_CC  picturesque_JJ  survivals_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  always_RR  been_VBN  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  photographer_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  modern_JJ  age_NN  very_RG  few_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  reminders_NNS  of_IO  man's_NN1$  early_JJ  attempts_NNS  at_IO  mechanization_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  fairly_RR  large_JJ  scale_NN  are_VBR  still_RR  working_VBG  and_CC  in_IO  too_RG  many_DA  cases_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  fall_VV0  into_IO  disrepair_NN    often_RR  with_IO  nothing_PN1  but_IO  a_AT1  brick_NN  stump_NN  remaining_VBG  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country-lover_NN  and_CC  photographers_NNS  alike_RR  ,_,  enlightened_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  and_CC  even_RR  private_JJ  individuals_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  great_JJ  efforts_NNS  to_TO  preserve_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  mills_NNS  before_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  windmills_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  complete_JJ  are_VBR  more_RR  than_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  restored_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  these_DD2  which_DDQ  make_VV0  magnificent_JJ  photographs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  windmill_NN  in_IO  good_JJ  repair_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  bare_JJ  sweeps_NNS  against_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  sky_NN  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  most_RG  attractive_JJ  subject_NN    it_PPH1  may_VM  even_RR  produce_VV0  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  picture_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  adding_VBG  to_IO  my_APP$  collection_NN  for_IO  some_DD  years_NNS  now_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  brief_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  windmill_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  new_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  basic_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  windmill_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  post_NN  mill_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tower_NN  mill_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  smock_NN  mill_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  variations_NNS  in_IO  design_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN    some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  variations_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  accompanying_JJ  photographs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  primitive_JJ  type_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  post_NN  mill_NN  which_DDQ  became_VVD  known_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  name_NN  because_CS  ,_,  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  mill_NN  should_VM  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  power_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  body_NN  was_VBDZ  pivoted_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  centre_JJ  post_NN  supported_VBN  by_IO  heavy_JJ  timber_NN  beams_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tripod_NN  .  
  a_AT1  long_JJ  beam_NN  projected_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  miller_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  push_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  sweeps_NNS  round_RP  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  wind_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  post_NN  mill_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  Bourn_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Cambridgeshire_NP  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  records_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  traced_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  1636_MC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  surviving_JJ  windmill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Cambridge_NP  preservation_NN  society_NN  making_VBG  sure_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  stays_VBZ  in_IO  good_JJ  repair_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  sweeps_NNS  and_CC  tailbeam_NN  are_VBR  modern_JJ  replacements_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  remainder_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  original_JJ  structure_NN  and_CC  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  a_AT1  key_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  complete_JJ  freedom_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  photographs_NNS  from_IO  every_AT1  angle_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  inside_RP  and_CC  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  began_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  realized_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  and_CC  effort_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  mill_NN  whenever_CS the_AT1  wind_NN  changed_VVD  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  17th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  tower_NN  mills_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  built_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  solid_JJ  buildings_NNS  either_LE  of_IO  brick_NN  or_CC  clunch_NN  to_TO  house_VV0  the_AT1  machinery_NN  with_IO  revolving_JJ  caps_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  sails_NNS  were_VBDR  attached_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  caps_NNS  had_VHD  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  turned_VBN  by_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  become_VBN  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1    fantail_NN    was_VBDZ  invented_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  removing_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  miller_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  constantly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  alert_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  .  
  into_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fantail_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  a_AT1  small_JJ  windmill_NN  set_VBN  at_IO  right-angles_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  sails_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS these_DD2  are_VBR  facing_VBG  squarely_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  the_AT1  fantail_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  move_VV0  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  wind_NN  changes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  causes_VBZ  the_AT1  fantail_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  revolving_VBG  and_CC  ,_,  working_VBG  through_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  gears_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  cap_NN  turns_VBZ  ,_,  so_RR  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  sails_NNS  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1    eye_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  .    
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  post_NN  mills_NNS  had_VHN  the_AT1  fantail_NN  added_VBN  later_RRR  and_CC  this_DD1  undoubtedly_RR  saved_VVD  many_DA  from_IO  demolition_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  labour-saving_JJ  tower_NN  mills_NNS  were_VBDR  invented_VBN  ;_;  a_AT1  particularly_RR  fine_JJ  example_NN  recently_RR  restored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  Saxtead_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Framlingham_NP  in_IO  Suffolk_NP  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  type_NN  of_IO  mill_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  reality_NN  only_RR  a_AT1  variant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  mill_NN  and_CC  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  smock_NN  mill_NN  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  fancied_JJ  resemblance_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  farmer_NN  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  smock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  smock_NN  mill_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  tapering_JJ  timber-framed_JJ  tower_NN  (_(  usually_RR  octagonal_JJ  )_)  often_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  brick_NN  base_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  frames_NNS  are_VBR  covered_VBN  with_IO  boards_NNS  .  
  when_CS considering_VBG  windmills_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  photographic_JJ  viewpoint_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  soon_RR  become_VV0  apparent_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  the_AT1  easiest_JJT  of_IO  subjects_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  if_CS  something_PN1  more_DA  than_IO    just_RR  another_DD1  record_NN    is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  each_DD1  mill_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  discovered_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  quite_DA  a_DA  little_DA  thought_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  devoted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  arise_VV0  .  
  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  really_RR  first-class_JJ  result_NN  I_PPIS1  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  bright_JJ  sunny_JJ  day_NN  with_IO  blue_JJ  sky_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  strong_JJ  cumulus_NN  clouds_NNS    windmills_NNS  usually_RR  look_VV0  their_APP$  best_JJT  against_IO  this_DD1  cotton-wool_NN  type_NN  of_IO  sky_NN  .  
  take_VV0  it_PPH1  now_RL  !_!  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  ideal_JJ  conditions_NNS  rarely_RR  occur_VV0  at_IO  just_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  I_PPIS1  will_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  advice_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  with_IO  most_DA  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  subjects_NNS  .  
  by_IO  all_DB  means_NNS  plan_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  another_DD1  day_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  attempt_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  weather_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  all_DB  that_PNQS you_PPY  hoped_VVD  for_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  do_VD0  take_VV0  a_AT1  picture_NN  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  weather_NN    when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  again_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  fire_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  storm_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  destroyed_VBN  the_AT1  mill_NN  overnight_RR  .  
  recently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  press_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sad_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wreckage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  smock_NN  mill_NN  on_IO  Outwood_NP  Common_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Redhill_NP  ,_,  after_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  collapsed_VBN  one_MC1  night_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  real_JJ  hazard_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  mill_NN  will_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  standing_VBG  or_CC  even_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  restored_VBN  on_IO  another_DD1  visit_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  picture_NN  taken_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  day_NN  will_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  wasted_VBN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  taken_VBN  before_CS  the_AT1  mill_NN  met_VVD  its_APP$  end_NN  .  
  given_IO  ideal_JJ  weather_NN  conditions_NNS  one_MC1  must_VM  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  favourable_JJ  viewpoint_NN    whether_CS  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  mill_NN  straight_RR  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  sails_NNS  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  just_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  mill_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  in_IO  a_AT1  vertical_JJ  format_NN  or_CC  to_TO  include_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  horizontal_JJ  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  minor_JJ  problems_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  worked_VBN  out_RP  as_CS  each_DD1  mill_NN  is_VBZ  photographed_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  side_NN  view_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  more_RG  pleasing_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  a_AT1  frontal_JJ  view_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  effective_JJ  in_IO  certain_JJ  circumstances_NNS    sometimes_RR  the_AT1  surroundings_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  uninteresting_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  mill_NN  is_VBZ  hemmed_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  a_AT1  frontal_JJ  view_NN  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  picture_NN  .  
  take_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  walk_NN  all_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  :_:  you_PPY  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  several_DA  exposures_NNS  from_IO  different_JJ  directions_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  quite_RR  dramatic_JJ  effects_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  harmony_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  landscape_NN  may_VM  result_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  feature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mill_NN  may_VM  add_VV0  just_RR  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  otherwise_RR  uninteresting_JJ  view_NN  .  
  although_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  expressed_VBN  a_AT1  preference_NN  for_IO  bright_JJ  sunny_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  quite_DA  a_AT1  different_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  picture_NN  may_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  when_CS photographing_VBG  windmills_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  morning_NN  or_CC  silhouetted_VBN  against_IO  a_AT1  sunset_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  contre-jour_&FW  shots_NNS  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  possible_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  to_IO  good_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  having_VHG  all_DB  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  you_PPY  want_VV0  but_CCB  with_IO  not_XX  a_AT1  cloud_NN  in_IO  sight_NN  :_:  the_AT1  careful_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  filter_NN  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  create_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  picture_NN    perhaps_RR  a_DA  little_DA  shading-in_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  in_IO  enlarging_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  convince_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  photographing_VBG  windmills_NNS  is_VBZ  both_DB2  rewarding_JJ  and_CC  fascinating_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  pointed_VBN  out_RP  already_RR  ,_,  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  are_VBR  becoming_VBG  less_RG  and_CC  less_RG  frequent_JJ  .  
  start_VV0  now_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  collection_NN  and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  will_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  for_IO  record_NN  purposes_NNS  but_CCB  your_APP$  skill_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  photographer_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  tested_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  in_IO  obtaining_VBG  really_RR  first-class_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  final_JJ  word_NN    no_AT1  special_JJ  equipment_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  for_IO  taking_VBG  windmill_NN  pictures_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  accompanying_JJ  illustrations_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  on_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  two_MC  Ensign_NP  320_MC  folding_JJ  cameras_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  being_VBG  fitted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  superb_JJ  Ross_NP  Xpres_NP  lens_NN    cameras_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  obsolete_JJ  but_CCB  which_DDQ  can_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  bought_VBN  second-hand_RR  for_IO  about_RR  *+10_NNU  or_CC  *+12_NNU  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  experiment_VV0  more_RRR  with_IO  figure_NN  possibilities_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Ricardo_NP  .  
    why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  tell_VV0  your_APP$  beginners_NNS  how_CS lucky_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .    to_TO  have_VH0  cameras_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  all_DB  their_APP$  drawing_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  a_AT1  figure_NN  artist_NN  friend_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  who_PNQS sees_VBZ  these_DD2  prints_NNS  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  shoot_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  dozen_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  negatives_NNS  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  practising_VBG  composition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  photographer_NN  today_NN1  had_VHD  never_RR  had_VHN  it_PPH1  so_RG  good_JJ  .  
  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  comparison_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  nothing_PN1  of_IO  roughing_VBG  out_RP  anything_PN1  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  sketches_VBZ  before_IO  settling_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  thing_NN    a_AT1  magazine_NN  illustration_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  for_IO  some_DD  tips_NNS  on_IO  figure_NN  work_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  readers_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  bland_JJ  reply_NN  was_VBDZ  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  that_CS  good_JJ  figure_NN  form_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  composition_NN  and_CC  that_CS  only_RR  by_IO  sticking_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  year_NN  in_RP  and_CC  year_NN  out_RP  ,_,  could_VM  one_MC1  arrive_VV0  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  helpful_JJ  criticism_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  along_RP  plus_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  society_NN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  much_DA  more_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  pleasure_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  :_:  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Saphier_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  imagine_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  subject_NN  matter_NN  looked_VVD  quite_RR  exciting_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  stones_NNS  (_(  colourful_JJ  greys_NNS  )_)  compensating_VBG  for_IO  their_APP$  prominence_NN  by_IO  their_APP$  hues_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  monochrome_NN  these_DD2  stones_NNS  dominate_VV0  far_RR  too_RG  much_RR  and_CC  detract_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  design_NN  and_CC  particularly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  motif_NN    stone-throwing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  distant_JJ  figures_NNS  repeating_VBG  the_AT1  foreground_NN  figures_NNS  is_VBZ  pleasing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  low_JJ  viewpoint_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  choice_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  dark_JJ  big_JJ  stones_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  foreground_NN  ,_,  badly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  focus_NN  ,_,  tend_VV0  to_TO  merge_VV0  uncomfortably_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  main_JB  figure_NN  and_CC  so_RR  cause_VV0  a_AT1  mirror-splitting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  .  
  because_CS  these_DD2  two_MC  central_JJ  figures_NNS  are_VBR  looking_VBG  strongly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  the_AT1  design_NN  also_RR  looks_VBZ  too_RG  heavy_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sloping_JJ  horizon_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  help_VV0  either_RR  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  sketch_NN  concentrates_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  nearer_JJ  two_MC  figures_NNS  only_RR  and_CC  a_AT1  better_JJ  figure_NN  form_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  stone-thrower_NN  .  
  although_CS  these_DD2  youngsters_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  placed_VBN  well_RR  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  design_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  balanced_VBN  ,_,  mainly_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  implied_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  unsightly_JJ  rocks_NNS  .  
  here_RL  's_VBZ  hoping_VBG  :_:  \0E_NP  Abrey_NP  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  concentration_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  timing_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  penny_NN  so_RG  well_RR  placed_VBN  for_IO  balance_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  simple_JJ  tone_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  clothes_NNS  is_VBZ  pleasing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  selective_JJ  focussing_NN  is_VBZ  ideal_JJ  ,_,  throwing_VBG  the_AT1  distant_JJ  trees_NNS  into_IO  an_AT1  essential_JJ  diffusion_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  lighting_NN  helps_VBZ  to_TO  dramatize_VV0  and_CC  so_RR  to_TO  emphasize_VV0  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  sharp_JJ  concentration_NN  .  
  one_MC1  weakness_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  superfluous_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  foreground_NN  ,_,  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  noticeable_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  out-of-focus_JB  numbering_NN  ,_,  not_XX  good_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  .  
  another_DD1  fault_NN  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  left_JJ  arm_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  contributes_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  while_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  useful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  figures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  ,_,  although_CS  out_RP  of_IO  focus_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  mildly_RR  disturbing_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  sketch_NN  suggests_VBZ  possible_JJ  modifications_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  left_JJ  arm_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  making_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  many_DA  gestures_NNS  suggesting_VBG  excitement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  link_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  mouth_NN  could_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  expressing_VBG  .  
    oooh_UH  !_!    
  a_AT1  more_RG  distant_JJ  viewpoint_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  sharpened_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  foreground_NN  figures_NNS  slightly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  stop_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  further_RRR  reduce_VV0  this_DD1  useful_JJ  area_NN  without_IO  resorting_VBG  to_IO  trimming_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cross_JJ  shadow_NN  of_IO  ,_,  say_UH  ,_,  an_AT1  onlooker_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  broken_VBN  it_PPH1  up_RP  as_CS  shown_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  shadow_NN  would_VM  also_RR  help_VV0  to_TO  repeat_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  balance_VV0  the_AT1  dark_JJ  trees_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  diagonally_RR  opposite_JJ  corner_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  all_RR  too_RG  suggestive_JJ  of_IO  play-acting_NN    so_RR  possibly_RR  losing_VBG  that_DD1  air_NN  of_IO  reality_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  strong_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  print_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  all_DB  depends_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  a_DA  little_DA  sensible_JJ  directing_NN  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  big_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  appeal_NN  of_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  idea_NN  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  try_VV0  it_PPH1  :_:  \0L_NP  Sharratt_NP  .  
  the_AT1  timely_JJ  shooting_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  boyish_JJ  trick_NN  has_VHZ  secured_VBN  a_AT1  most_RG  appealing_JJ  and_CC  amusing_JJ  atmosphere_NN  .  
    Sucu_NP    hit_NN  amazes_VBZ  Nina_NP  and_CC  Frederik_NP  .  
  Nina_NP  and_CC  Frederik_NP  are_VBR  happily_RR  divided_VBN  !_!  
  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  expression_NN  which_DDQ  Nina_NP  used_VVD  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  Birmingham_NP  hotel_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  anyone_PN1  should_VM  jump_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  marriage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  hasten_VV0  to_TO  correct_VV0  them_PPHO1    there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  more_RG  happily_RR  married_JJ  couple_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  show_NN  business_NN  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  merely_RR  happily_RR  divided_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  opinion_NN  .  
  for_CS  Nina_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  actually_RR  prefers_VBZ  cabaret_NN  work_NN  ,_,  as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  appearing_VBG  in_IO  large_JJ  variety_NN  theatres_NNS    Frederik_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  settles_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  theatres_NNS  in_IO  preference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  clubs_NNS  .  
    so_RR  we_PPIS2  agree_VV0  to_TO  differ_VV0  ,_,  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  each_DD1  have_VH0  our_APP$  fair_JJ  share_NN  ,_,    chuckled_VVD  Nina_NP  .  
  Nina_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  both_DB2  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Frederik_NP  were_VBDR  thoroughly_RR  enjoying_VBG  their_APP$  first_MD  full-scale_JB  tour_NN  of_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  pleasantly_RR  surprised_VBN  by_IO  audience_NN  reaction_NN  throughout_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  in_IO  Eire_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  n't_XX  previously_RR  seen_VBN  very_RG  much_DA  of_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  now_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  around_RP  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  certainly_RR  come_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  expectations_NNS  .  
    and_CC  Ireland_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  revelation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  to_IO  Dublin_NP  before_II  ,_,  though_CS  Frederik_NP  spent_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  there_RL  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  contrary_JJ  to_IO  general_JJ  belief_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  Nina_NP  and_CC  Frederik's_PPIO2  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  is_VBZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  theatres_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  cabaret_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  frequently_RR  happens_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  adapt_VV0  their_APP$  act_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  venue_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  proved_VBN  necessary_JJ  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  several_DA  numbers_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  regard_VV0  as_IO  cabaret_NN  specialities_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Nina_NP  .  
    yet_RR  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  well-known_JJ  here_RL  ,_,  that_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  stage_NN  .    
  having_VHG  recently_RR  returned_VBN  from_IO  Ireland_NP  when_CS I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Nina_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  realised_VBN  that_CS  their_APP$  recording_NN  of_IO    Sucu-Sucu_NP    had_VHD  climbed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  hit_NN  parade_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  amusing_JJ  how_CS this_DD1  came_VVD  about_RP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  song_NN  was_VBDZ  originally_RR  sent_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  a_AT1  music_NN  publisher_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  a_AT1  Spanish_JJ  lyric_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  liked_VVD  the_AT1  melody_NN  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  Frederik_NP  translated_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  English_NN1  and_CC  French_NN1    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  also_RR  recorded_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  French_NN1  .    
  then_RL  one_MC1  day_NN  during_IO  their_APP$  cabaret_NN  season_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  relaxing_VBG  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  dressing-room_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  \0TV_NN  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    top_JB  secret_JJ    adventure_NN  yarn_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  switched_VBN  on_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  suddenly_RR  heard_VVD  the_AT1  strains_NNS  of_IO    Sucu-Sucu_NP      complete_JJ  with_IO  Frederik's_PPIO2  lyric_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  amazed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,    Nina_NP  continued_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  when_CS we_PPIS2  discovered_VVD  how_CS popular_JJ  the_AT1  series_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  surprised_JJ  when_CS Laurie_NP  Johnson's_PPIO2  recording_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  best-sellers_NNS  .  
  actually_RR  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  rather_RR  surprised_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  version_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  hit_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Nina_NP  about_IO  their_APP$  subsequent_JJ  plans_NNS  ,_,  after_CS  the_AT1  current_JJ  British_JJ  tour_NN  finishes_VBZ  early_RR  in_IO  December_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  initially_RR  they_PPHS2  will_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  object_NN  of_IO  searching_VBG  for_IO  new_JJ  material_NN  .  
    and_CC  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  hoping_VBG  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  songs_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Derek_NP  Johnson_NP  .  
  meet_VV0  the_AT1  composer_NN  .  
  Bunny_NP  Lewis_NP  scrubbed_VVD  floors_NNS  before_CS  fame_NN  came_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  war_NN  career_NN  counts_VBZ  for_IO  very_RG  little_DA  when_CS hostilities_NNS  cease_VV0  and_CC  you_PPY  don_VV0  civilian_JJ  clothes_NNS  to_TO  start_VV0  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  composer-agent-promoter_NN  Bunny_NP  Lewis_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  black_JJ  watch_NN  regiment_NN  and_CC  special_JJ  air_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  won_VVD  a_AT1  military_JJ  cross_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  dispatches_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  post-war_JB  job_NN  .  .  
  scrubbing_VBG  floors_NNS  !_!  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  find_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  war_NN  career_NN  meant_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  time_NN  finding_VBG  work_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  to_IO  scrubbing_VBG  floors_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  ends_NNS  meet_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  eventually_RR  things_NNS  got_VBN  better_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ended_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  business_NN  ,_,    Bunny_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  Bunny_NP  made_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  business_NN  in_IO  1947_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  employed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  publicist_NN  for_IO  impresarios_NNS  Tom_NP  Arnold_NP  and_CC  Prince_NP  Littler_NP  at_IO  dance_NN  halls_NNS  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  ,_,  writing_VBG  scripts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1    picture_NN  page_NN    \0TV_NN  series_NN  and_CC  then_RL  moved_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  become_VV0  professional_JJ  manager_NN  at_IO  Francis_NP  ,_,  Day_NP  and_CC  Hunter_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  music_NN  publishers_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  spell_NN  with_IO  Decca_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  launched_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  agency_NN  in_IO  1955_MC    and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  when_CS the_AT1  Bunny_NP  Lewis_NP  success_NN  story_NN  really_RR  began_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  agency_NN  grew_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  concern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Bunny_NP  now_RL  handles_VBZ  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  stars_NNS  as_IO  Craig_NP  Douglas_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Mudlarks_NP2  ,_,  Garry_NP  Mills_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Avons_NP2  ,_,  Al_NP  Saxon_NP  ,_,  Lorrae_NP  Desmond_NP  ,_,  orchestra_NN  leader_NN  Harry_NP  Robinson_NP  ,_,  newcomer_NN  Doug_NP  Sheldon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  top_JB  disc_NN  jockeys_NNS  like_IO  David_NP  Jacobs_NP  ,_,  Jack_NP  Jackson_NP  ,_,  Don_NP  Moss_NP  ,_,  Alan_NP  Freeman_NP  and_CC  David_NP  Gell_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  personally_RR  records_VBZ  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  artists'_NN2  discs_NNS  ,_,  promotes_VBZ  concert_NN  and_CC  variety_NN  dates_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  appearances_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  of_IO  \0BBC-TV's_PPIO2    juke_NN  box_NN  jury_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  also_RR  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  \0TV_NN  personality_NN  himself_PPX1  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  Bunny_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  finest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  successful_JJ  lyricists_NNS  .  
  remember_VV0  David_NP  Whitfield's_PPIO2  million-selling_JJ  transatlantic_JJ  hit_NN    cara_&FW  mia_&FW    .  
  Bunny_NP  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  lyrics_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  words_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  for_IO    girl_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  best_JJT  friend_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  big_JJ  hit_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  for_IO  Elvis_NP  Presley_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  best_JJT  seller_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  for_IO  promising_JJ  newcomer_NN  Ral_NP  Donner_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  penned_VVD  the_AT1  lyrics_NNS  for_IO  such_DA  memorable_JJ  hits_NNS  as_IO  Cliff_NP  Richard's_PPIO2    voice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wilderness_NN    and_CC    livin'_JJ  lovin'_JJ  doll_NN  ,_,    Garry_NP  Mills'_PPIO2    top_JB  teen_JB  baby_NN  ,_,    Frankie_NP  Vaughan's_PPIO2    Milord_NNSB1    (_(  which_DDQ  had_VHD  special_JJ  English_JJ  words_NNS  )_)  ,_,  David_NP  Whitfield's_PPIO2    rich_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  poor_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    Max_NP  Bygraves'_PPIO2    little_JJ  train_NN  ,_,    Craig_NP  Douglas'_PPIO2    riddle_NN  of_IO  love_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  Mudlarks'_NPS$    the_AT1  love_NN  game_NN  .    
  Vera_NP  Lynn_NP  has_VHZ  enjoyed_VBN  success_NN  with_IO  many_DA  of_IO  Bunny's_PPIO2  songs_NNS  ,_,  among_IO  them_PPHO1    forget_VV0  me_PPIO1  not_XX  ,_,      the_AT1  homecoming_NN  waltz_NN  ,_,      the_AT1  love_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  ,_,      the_AT1  Windsor_NP  waltz_NN    and_CC    try_VV0  again_RR  ,_,    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  waxed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  by_IO  Dean_NP  Martin_NP  .  
  orchestra_NN  leader_NN  Mantovani_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  big_JJ  seller_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  instrumental_JJ    Luxembourg_NP  polka_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  also_RR  hit_VVD  the_AT1  highspots_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  .  
  apart_IO  from_II    riddle_NN  of_IO  love_NN  ,_,    Craig_NP  Douglas_NP  has_VHZ  waxed_VBN  such_DA  Lewis_NP  songs_NNS  as_IO    the_AT1  girl_NN  next_DA  door_NN  ,_,      my_APP$  first_MD  love_NN  affair_NN  ,_,      my_APP$  hour_NN  of_IO  love_NN    and_CC  his_APP$  latest_JJT  release_NN    no_AT1  greater_JJ  love_NN  ,_,    written_VBN  in_IO  collaboration_NN  with_IO  Michael_NP  Carr_NP  .  
  Dickie_NP  Valentine_NP  did_VDD  well_RR  with_IO  Bunny's_PPIO2    lazy_JJ  gondolier_NN  ,_,    while_CS  Al_NP  Saxon_NP  just_RR  missed_VVD  the_AT1  charts_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$    blue_JJ  eyed_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  covered_VBN  on_IO  two_MC  new_JJ  Stateside_JJ  discs_NNS  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  Bunny_NP  also_RR  contributed_VVD  songs_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Cliff_NP  Richard_NP  film_NN    Expresso_NP  Bongo_NP    and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  savage_JJ  ,_,  underworld_NN  movie_NN    the_AT1  frightened_JJ  city_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  with_IO  Norrie_NP  Paramour_NP  to_TO  produce_VV0  two_MC  songs_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  laughed_VVD  at_IO  love_NN    and_CC    the_AT1  marvellous_JJ  lie_NN    (_(  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  waxed_VBN  by_IO  Helen_NP  Shapiro_NP  )_)  .  
  more_DA  songs_NNS  by_IO  London-born_JJ  Bunny_NP    who_PNQS is_VBZ  married_VBN  to_IO  French_JJ  singer_NN  Janique_NP  Joelle_NP  ,_,  formerly_RR  a_AT1  principal_JB  star_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ    Folies_NP  Bergere_NP    and_CC  has_VHZ  a_AT1  six-year-old_JB  daughter_NN  ,_,  Fabienne_NP    will_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  future_JB  films_NNS  as_IO    a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  heart_NN    (_(  which_DDQ  stars_VBZ  Janette_NP  Scott_NP  )_)  ,_,    the_AT1  painted_JJ  smile_NN    (_(  in_IO  which_DDQ  Craig_NP  Douglas_NP  appears_VBZ  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  much-publicised_JB    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  trad_JJ  ,_,  Dad_NNSB1  .    
  Keith_NP  Goodwin_NP  .  
  Derek_NP  Johnson_NP  predicts_VBZ  .  
  Sinatra_NP  will_VM  put_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  much_RR  more_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  generally_RR  agreed_VBN  that_CS  Frank_NP  Sinatra's_PPIO2    Granada_NP    is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  satisfying_JJ  records_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  cut_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  his_APP$  more_RG  recent_JJ  releases_NNS  on_IO  Capitol_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  singles_NNS  and_CC  albums_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  all_DB  generated_VBN  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  staleness_NN  and_CC  apathy_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  now_RL  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  remedied_VBN  with_IO  Frank's_PPIO2  switch_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  label_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  working_VBG  for_IO  himself_PPX1  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  Sinatra_NP  to_TO  shed_VV0  his_APP$  cloak_NN  of_IO  indifference_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  could_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  revitalised_JJ  Frank_NP  will_VM  aspire_VV0  to_IO  even_RR  greater_JJ  heights_NNS  under_IO  these_DD2  new_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  just_RR  how_CS long_JJ  can_VM  Frank_NP  remain_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  top_JB  recording_NN  star_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  now_RL  long_RR  passed_VBN  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  teenage_JB  idol_NN  .  
  will_VM  he_PPHO1  continue_VV0  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  indefinitely_RR  ,_,  as_CS  Bing_NP  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  doing_VBG  .  
  or_CC  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  want_VV0  to_TO  continue_VV0  singing_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  increasingly_RR  apparent_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  devoting_VBG  considerably_RR  more_DA  time_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  to_IO  filming_NN  activities_NNS  ,_,  involving_VBG  straight_JJ  acting_NN  roles_NNS  .  
  and_CC  earlier_RRR  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  signed_VVD  a_AT1  15-million_MC  dollar_NN  contract_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  busy_JJ  either_LE  producing_VBG  or_CC  starring_VBG  in_IO  movies_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  seven_MC  years_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  the_AT1    Reprise_NP    label_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  latest_JJT  investment_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  devote_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  project_NN    though_CS  not_XX  necessarily_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  showcasing_VBG  himself_PPX1  as_IO  an_AT1  artist_NN  .  
  speaking_VBG  of_IO  his_APP$  future_JB  plans_NNS  recently_RR  ,_,  Sinatra_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    one_MC1  idea_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  develop_VV0  more_DA  things_NNS  that_PNQS do_VD0  n't_XX  involve_VV0  me_PPIO1  personally_RR  and_CC  my_APP$  talent_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  function_VV0  more_RRR  in_IO  other_DA  departments_NNS  than_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  film_NN  deal_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  find_VV0  properties_NNS  that_PNQS do_VD0  n't_XX  concern_VV0  me_PPIO1  directly_RR  .  
  same_DA  thing_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  record_NN  company_NN    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  more_DA  time_NN  looking_VBG  for_IO  new_JJ  talent_NN  ,_,  soloists_NNS  ,_,  song_NN  writers_NNS  ,_,  young_JJ  guys_NNS  .    
  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  interviews_NNS  which_DDQ  Sinatra_NP  granted_VVD  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  back_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  intimated_VVD  that_CS    after_IO  more_DA  than_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN    he_PPHO1  would_VM  still_RR  rather_RR  sing_VV0  than_CS  do_VD0  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  doubt_NN  his_APP$  45_MC  years_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  catching_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  particularly_RR  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  pace_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  himself_PPX1  today_NN1  as_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  patriarch_NN  of_IO  youth_NN  .  
  absorbing_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  been_VBN  reading_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  absorbing_JJ  show-biz_NN  books_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  my_APP$  way_NN  for_IO  many_DA  months_NNS    a_AT1  no-punches-pulled_JB  character_NN  study_NN  of_IO    Sinatra_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  rat_NN  pack_NN    by_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  writer_NN  ,_,  Richard_NP  Gehman_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  paper-back_NN  ,_,  selling_VBG  at_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  published_VBN  by_IO  Mayflower_NP    and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  remarkably_RR  revealing_JJ  close-up_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  controversial_JJ  entertainer_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  strongly_RR  commend_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  term_NN    rat_NN  pack_NN    seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  superseded_VBN    clan_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  Sinatra's_PPIO2  followers_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  book_NN  devotes_VBZ  a_AT1  full_JJ  chapter_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  including_IO  Humphrey_NP  Bogart_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  original_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    clan_NN  .    
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  Frank_NP  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  biography_NN  contained_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  book_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  basic_JJ  facts_NNS  are_VBR  buried_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  welter_NN  of_IO  anecdotes_NNS  it_PPH1  never_RR  fails_VBZ  to_TO  hold_VV0  one's_$  attention_NN  .  
  no_AT1  detail_NN  is_VBZ  overlooked_VBN    from_IO  an_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  income_NN  (_(  reckoned_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  2_MC  1/2_MC  million_MC  dollars_NNS  last_DA  year_NN  )_)  to_IO  a_AT1  survey_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  many_DA  love_NN  affairs_NNS    real_JJ  and_CC  rumoured_JJ    which_DDQ  have_VH0  played_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  predominant_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  stormy_JJ  career_NN  .  
  probably_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  rather_RR  squalid_JJ  surroundings_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  Frank_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  extravagant_JJ  spenders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  entertainment_NN  world_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  closest_JJT  friends_NNS  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  :_:  
    Frank_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  spend_VV0  money_NN    he_PPHO1  destroys_VBZ  it_PPH1  !_!    
  and_CC  examples_NNS  galore_JJ  are_VBR  given_VBN  to_TO  substantiate_VV0  this_DD1  point_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  appearing_VBG  in_IO  Miami_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  his_APP$  favourite_JB  Broadway_NP  barber_NN  flown_VBN  down_RP  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  haircut_NN  ;_;  when_CS he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  a_AT1  tooth_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  dentist_NN  flown_VBN  thousands_MC2  of_IO  miles_NNS  to_TO  fix_VV0  it_PPH1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  cuff-link_NN  collection_NN  which_DDQ  occupies_VBZ  two_MC  drawers_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  owns_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  150_MC  suits_NNS  and_CC  countless_JJ  shirts_NNS    which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  will_VM  need_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  statement_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  changes_VBZ  his_APP$  shirt_NN  six_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  !_!  
  despite_IO  his_APP$  spendthrift_NN  habits_NNS  ,_,  Sinatra_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  exceedingly_RR  generous_JJ  .  
    nobody_PN1  knows_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  wonderful_JJ  things_NNS  Frank_NP  does_VBZ  ,_,    says_VBZ  comedian_NN  Joey_NP  Bishop_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    rat_NN  pack_NN  .    
  but_CCB  Richard_NP  Gehman's_PPIO2  book_NN  has_VHZ  unearthed_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  instances_NNS    how_CS Frank_NP  paid_VVD  for_IO  Mildred_NP  Bailey's_PPIO2  funeral_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  subsequently_RR  kept_VBN  her_APP$  former_DA  husband_NN  Red_NP  Norvo_NP  in_IO  regular_JJ  work_NN  ;_;  how_CS he_PPHO1  helped_VVD  Bela_NP  Lugosi_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  hospital_NN  ,_,  although_CS  Frank_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  met_VBN  the_AT1  actor_NN  ;_;  how_CS when_CS Phil_NP  Silvers'_PPIO2  partner_NN  fell_VVD  ill_JJ  just_RR  before_IO  their_APP$  cabaret_NN  debut_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Copacabana_NP  ,_,  Sinatra_NP  flew_VVD  to_IO  New_NP  York_NP  to_TO  open_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  best_JJT  lines_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  actor_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  needed_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  's_VBZ  the_AT1  fascinating_JJ  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  aided_VVD  the_AT1  widow_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  acquaintance_NN  of_IO  his_PP$    Charles_NP  Morrison_NP  ,_,  owner_NN  of_IO  Hollywood's_PPIO2  Morcambe_NP  night_NN  club_NN  .  
  learning_VBG  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Morrison_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  financial_JJ  trouble_NN  ,_,  Frank_NP  phoned_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  appear_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  nights_NNS  without_IO  payment_NN    and_CC  duly_RR  arrived_VVD  complete_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  21-piece_JB  band_NN  !_!  
  national_JJ  brass_NN  band_NN  club_NN  .  
  first_RR  I_PPIS1  must_VM  express_VV0  my_APP$  thanks_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Christmas_NP  cards_NNS  ,_,  calendars_NNS  ,_,  diaries_NNS  \0etc_RR  ,_,  sent_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  by_IO  well-wishers_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  brass_NN  band_NN  movement_NN  .  
  those_DD2  thoughts_NNS  are_VBR  greatly_RR  appreciated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  this_DD1  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  my_APP$  grateful_JJ  acknowledgement_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  everyone_PN1  individually_RR  .  
  may_VM  you_PPY  all_DB  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  happy_JJ  ,_,  prosperous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  successful_JJ  new_JJ  year_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  brass_NN  banding_NN  .  
  on_IO  Monday_NN1  December_NN1  19_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  honoured_VBN  to_TO  welcome_VV0  the_AT1  arrival_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herbert_NP  Hazelman_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  bandmasters_NNS  association_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Greensboro_NP  high_JJ  School_NNL1  band_NN  ,_,  North_NP  Carolina_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  over_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  fleeting_JJ  visit_NN  to_TO  study_VV0  British_JJ  brass_NN  bands_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  methods_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  invitation_NN  of_IO  Harry_NP  Mortimer_NP  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  along_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  studios_NNS  where_CS he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  several_DA  hours_NNS  listening_VBG  to_IO  recordings_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  top_JB  brass_NN  bands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  amazed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  tone_NN  and_CC  execution_NN  is_VBZ  putting_VBG  it_PPH1  mildly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  that_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  was_VBDZ  far_RR  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  anything_PN1  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  brass_NN  bands_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  instrumentation_NN  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  nearly_RR  all_DB  their_APP$  bands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  ,_,  are_VBR  brass_NN  and_CC  wood-wind_NN  .  
  even_RR  their_APP$  brass_NN  instruments_NNS  are_VBR  entirely_RR  different_JJ  to_IO  ours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  himself_PPX1  ,_,  being_VBG  American_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  have_VH0  everything_PN1  larger_JJ  than_IO  anybody_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  thus_RR  ,_,  larger_JJ  instruments_NNS  with_IO  larger_JJ  bores_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  musical_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  far_RR  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  .  
  music_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  compulsory_JJ  subject_NN  in_IO  schools_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  paid_VBN  for_IO  through_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  .  
  there_EX  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  much_DA  we_PPIS2  can_VM  learn_VV0  from_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  an_AT1  executive_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  specially_RR  put_VBN  back_RP  a_AT1  week_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  benefit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  delighted_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  acquaintance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  well-attended_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  most_RG  absorbing_JJ  and_CC  interesting_JJ  re*?2sume*?2_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  and_CC  activities_NNS  of_IO  American_JJ  bands_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  school_NN  bands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  bring_VV0  his_APP$  band_NN  over_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  future_NN  so_CS  that_CS  brass_NN  bandsmen_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  hearing_VBG  and_CC  studying_VBG  their_APP$  style_NN  of_IO  playing_VBG  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Denis_NP  Wright_NP  entertained_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  Tuesday_NN1  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  session_NN  on_IO  brass_NN  bands_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  to_TO  hear_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  meeting_NN  between_IO  our_APP$  two_MC  countries_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  indebted_JJ  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gurney_NP  Doe_NP  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  brass_NN  band_NN  conductors_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  instrumental_JJ  in_IO  bringing_VBG  to_IO  our_APP$  notice_NN  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  visit_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hazelman_NP  which_DDQ  enabled_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  make_VV0  direct_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  as_RG  far_RR  back_RP  as_IO  last_DA  September_NN1  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  made_VBN  your_APP$  new_JJ  year's_NN1$  resolution_NN  yet_RR  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  brass_NN  band_NN  club_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  resolutions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  join_VV0  our_APP$  ranks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  furthering_VBG  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  brass_NN  bands_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  deriving_VBG  some_DD  benefits_NNS  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  remember_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  club_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  music_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  is_VBZ  also_RR  affiliated_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  standing_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  amateur_NN  music_NN  .  
  for_IO  particulars_NNS  of_IO  membership_NN  write_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  membership_NN  secretary_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Hoole_NP  ,_,  9_MC  Kingston_NP  House_NNL1  East_NP  ,_,  Princes_NP  Gate_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W.7_NP  .  
  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  Molinari_NP  ,_,  \0Hon_NNSB1  general_JJ  secretary_NN  .  
  our_APP$  district_NN  correspondents_NNS  write_VV0    
  northern_JJ  .  
  by_IO  Semper_NP  Idem_NP  .  
  recently_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  annual_JJ  dinner_NN  of_IO  cargo_NN  fleet_NN  band_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  grand_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  band_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  good_JJ  form_NN  and_CC  eager_JJ  to_TO  improve_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  splendid_JJ  record_NN  .  
  Crookhall_NP  Colliery_NNL1  band_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  area_NN  champions_NNS  by_IO  their_APP$  win_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  \0C.I.S.W.O_NP  contest_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  definitely_RR  proved_VBN  themselves_PPX2  the_AT1  band_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  for_IO  this_DD1  district_NN  .  
  after_IO  winning_VBG  the_AT1  \0D.H_NP  area_NN  contest_NN  for_IO  three_MC  successive_JJ  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  struck_VVD  a_AT1  lean_JJ  patch_NN  but_CCB  have_VH0  stormed_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  champions_NNS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  choose_VV0  Easington_NP  Colliery_NNL1  and_CC  Wallsend_NP  Shipyard_NNL1  .  
  Easington_NP  ,_,  runners_NNS  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  \0D.H_NP  area_NN  contest_NN  and_CC  \0C.I.S.W.O_NP  and_CC  winners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Durham_NP  league_NN  championships_NNS  have_VH0  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  record_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  enhanced_VBN  by_IO  winning_VBG  2nd_MD  place_NN  at_IO  Newcastle_NP  corporation_NN  contest_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  2nd_MD  successive_JJ  year_NN  .  
  Wallsend_NP  Shipyard_NNL1  who_PNQS were_VBDR  3rd_MD  in_IO  the_AT1  \0D.H_NP  area_NN  won_VVD  the_AT1  May_NN1  day_NN  contest_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  also_RR  the_AT1  Newcastle_NP  corporation_NN  contest_NN  .  
  another_DD1  band_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  record_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  is_VBZ  Cowpen_NP  and_CC  Crofton_NP  Colliery_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  array_NN  of_IO  prizes_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  welcome_JJ  competitors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  championship_NN  section_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  attending_VBG  South_NP  Shields_NP  \0S.A_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  Marshall_NP  festival_NN  .  
  Newcastle_NP  Temple_NNL1  band_NN  and_CC  Sunderland_NP  Citadel_NNL1  songsters_NNS  rendered_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  Bandmaster_NNSB1  Marshall's_PPIO2  finest_JJT  pieces_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  acoustics_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  hall_NN  rather_RR  marred_VVD  the_AT1  performances_NNS  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  good_JJ  playing_NN  and_CC  singing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  band_NN  were_VBDR  well_RR  served_VBN  by_IO  horns_NNS  and_CC  trombones_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  impressed_VBN  with_IO  South_NP  Shields_NP  central_JJ  band_NN  (_(  \0J_NP  Strike_NP  )_)  .  
  small_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  compact_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  a_AT1  nice_JJ  rendering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  march_NN  ,_,  neath_IO  the_AT1  flag_NN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Dean_NP  Goffin_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  chairman_NN  .  
  Yorkshire_NP  .  
  by_IO  Daleswoman_NN1  .  
  congratulations_NNS  to_IO  our_APP$  two_MC  Yorkshire_NP  bands_NNS  launching_VBG  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  competition_NN    northern_JJ  brass_NN    on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  January_NN1  6_MC  .  
  they_PPHS2  set_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  standard_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  felt_VVD  rather_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  band_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  drawn_VBN  number_NN  one_MC1  in_IO  any_DD  contest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thrilling_JJ  experience_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  audience_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  special_JJ  word_NN  of_IO  congratulation_NN  for_IO  Yorkshire_NP  imperial_JJ  metals_NNS  band_NN  ,_,  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Tomkins_NP  )_)  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Hespe_NP  their_APP$  conductor_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  everyone_PN1  will_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  programme_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO    entertainment_NN  value_NN    .  
  1961_MC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  25th_MD  anniversary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  imperial_JJ  metals_NNS  band_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  the_AT1  occasion_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  celebrated_VBN  on_IO  March_NN1  4_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  Griffin_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  Leeds_NP  .  
  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  day_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  band's_NN1$  appearance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  round_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  competition_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  fitting_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  double_JJ  celebration_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Spencer_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  solo_JB  euphoniumist_NN  of_IO  Brighouse_NP  and_CC  Rastrick_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  just_RR  completed_VBN  twenty_MC  five_MC  years_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  .  
  although_CS  still_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  talented_JJ  player_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Spencer_NP  has_VHZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  relinquish_VV0  his_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  solo_JB  baritone_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Davidson_NP  (_(  junior_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  to_TO  replace_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Spencer_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0A.G.M_NN  of_IO  Brighouse_NP  &_CC  Rastrick_NP  band_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  fixed_VBN  for_IO  January_NN1  22_MC  .  
  Scotland_NP  .  
  by_IO  Glenside_NP  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  'phone_NN  call_NN  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  in_IO  1960_MC  brought_VVD  the_AT1  distressing_JJ  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  dear_JJ  old_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  Willie_NP  Macrae_NP  ,_,  late_JJ  treasurer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0S.A.B.A_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Edinburgh_NP  charities_NNS  band_NN  association_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  until_IO  his_APP$  retirement_NN  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  suddenly_RR  ill_JJ  and_CC  passed_VVD  away_RP  in_IO  Edinburgh_NP  royal_JJ  Infirmary_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  60_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  Willie_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  prominent_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  Gorebridge_NP  and_CC  Arniston_NP  band_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  attendance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  funeral_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  \0S.A.B.A_NP  .  
  our_APP$  deep_JJ  sympathy_NN  goes_VBZ  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Macrae_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  informed_VBN  that_CS  two_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  Bowhill_NP  Colliery_NNL1  band_NN  (_(  horn_NN  and_CC  brass_NN  players_NNS  )_)  have_VH0  joined_VBN  Barry_NP  ,_,  Ostlere_NP  &_CC  Shepherds_NP  band_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fine_JJ  programme_NN  of_IO  Scottish_JJ  music_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  by_IO  Clydebank_NP  Burgh_NNL1  band_NN  with_IO  Charles_NP  Telfer_NP  in_IO  command_NN  .  
  this_DD1  gave_VVD  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  to_IO  listeners_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  congratulations_NNS  to_IO  Tony_NP  Clucas_NP  ,_,  cornet_NN  soloist_NN  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  brilliant_JJ  rendering_NN  of_IO  Allison's_PPIO2    Caledonia_NP    .  
  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  our_APP$  editor_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  asks_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  Christmas_NP  .  
  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  ever_RR  give_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  thought_NN  .  
  goodwill_NN  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  predominant_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  why_CS only_RR  at_IO  Christmas_NP  .  
  many_DA  take_VV0  the_AT1  sordid_JJ  thought_NN  that_CS  Dicken's_PPIO2    Christmas_NP  carol_NN    typifies_VBZ  Scroogelike_JJ  attitude_NN  ,_,  while_CS  others_DA2  go_VV0  out_RP  just_RR  for_IO  merry-making_NN  and_CC  enjoyment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  holy_JJ  spirit_NN  of_IO  Christmas_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  foremost_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  band_NN  members_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  no_AT1  kill-joy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  love_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  this_DD1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  treated_VBN  with_IO  more_DA  reverence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  no_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  amateur_NN  music_NN  association_NN  course_NN  at_IO  Forfar_NP  during_IO  Christmas_NP  week_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  that_DD1  over_RR  30_MC  pupils_NNS  attended_VVD  and_CC  studied_VVD  under_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Denis_NP  Wright_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  hailed_VVD  from_IO  Fifeshire_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  under_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Wright_NP  nothing_PN1  but_IO  success_NN  could_VM  crown_VV0  the_AT1  effort_NN  .  
  a_AT1  golden_JJ  opportunity_NN  is_VBZ  afforded_VBN  all_DB  bands_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  competing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  championship_NN  contests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Usher_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  Edinburgh_NP  ,_,  on_IO  February_NN1  25_MC  ,_,  to_TO  replenish_VV0  their_APP$  repertoire_NN  of_IO  music_NN  .  
  the_AT1    bandsman's_NN1$    own_DA  stall_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  offering_VBG  selections_NNS  ,_,  marches_NNS  \0etc_RR  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  special_JJ  bargains_NNS  on_IO  sale_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Bantin_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  in_IO  person_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  her_APP$  friendly_JJ  advice_NN  to_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS care_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Capitol_NP  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  rules_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  contesting_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  Scottish_JJ  \0C.W.S_NP  band_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  won_VBN  the_AT1  championship_NN  three_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  succession_NN  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Usher_NP  Hall_NNL1  championship_NN  in_IO  February_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  year_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  new_JJ  Scottish_JJ  champions_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  along_IO  with_II  \0S.C.W.S_NP  will_VM  represent_VV0  our_APP$  country_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  finals_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  2nd_MD  and_CC  3rd_MD  prize_NN  winners_NNS  will_VM  accompany_VV0  these_DD2  two_MC  bands_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  note_VV0  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Kenneill_NP  Colliery_NNL1  band_NN  officials_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  replaced_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  secretary_NN  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kirkwood_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sorry_JJ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  displaced_VBN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  proved_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  model_NN  scribe_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  secretary_NN  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  ,_,  62_MC  Avon_NP  Place_NNL1  ,_,  Bo'ness_NP  ,_,  West_NP  Lothian_NP  .  
  north_NN1  Wales_NP  .  
  by_IO  Celt_NN1  .  
  blwyddyn_&FW  newydd_&FW  dda_&FW  I_&FW  chwi_&FW  I_&FW  gyd_&FW  (_(  happy_JJ  new_JJ  year_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  all_DB  )_)  .  
  Ifton_NP  silver_NN  were_VBDR  out_RP  on_IO  Christmas_NP  eve_NN  playing_VBG  carols_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  audience_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  miner's_NN1$  institute_NN  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  Martins_NP  ,_,  afterwards_RR  playing_VBG  for_IO  dancing_NN  .  
  on_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  they_PPHS2  visited_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  inn_NN  ,_,  Hengoed_NP  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  a_AT1  collection_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  fund_NN  .  
  much_DA  credit_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  effort_NN  goes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Aubrey_NP  Pugh_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS carried_VVD  the_AT1  bandsmen_NNS  and_CC  instruments_NNS  in_IO  relays_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  van_NN  to_TO  save_VV0  the_AT1  band's_NN1$  fund_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  financial_JJ  and_CC  untiring_JJ  help_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  band_NN  is_VBZ  continuing_VBG  to_TO  function_VV0  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  supported_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  industrial_JJ  firm_NN  .  
  Deiniolen_NP  and_CC  district_NN  (_(  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Williams_NP  )_)  played_VVD  carols_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  district_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  before_IO  Christmas_NP  .  
  the_AT1  band_NN  of_IO  6/7th_MD  \0Batt_NN  \0R.W.F_NP  (_(  \0T.A_NP  )_)  conducted_VBN  by_IO  \0W.O.1_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Hughes_NP  ,_,  accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  carols_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  surpliced_JJ  choirs_NNS  of_IO  Caernarvon_NP  joined_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  on_IO  Christmas_NP  eve_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  of_IO  Caernarvon_NP  ,_,  \0Rev_NNSB1  Canon_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  introduced_VVD  the_AT1  hymns_NNS  and_CC  carols_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  collection_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  blind_JJ  fund_NN  .  
  Llanwrug_NP  and_CC  district_NN  (_(  \0W_NP  \0T_NP  Davies_NP  )_)  were_VBDR  engaged_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  concert_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  memorial_NN  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  Rhosgadfan_NP  on_IO  December_NN1  29_MC  .  
  guest_NN  soloists_NNS  were_VBDR  Miss_NNSB1  Menna_NP  Pritchard_NP  ,_,  soprano_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  ,_,  harp_NN  and_CC  Penillion_NP  .  
  the_AT1  band's_NN1$  soloists_NNS  were_VBDR  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Derek_NP  Lloyd_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  \0O_NP  \0T_NP  Jones_NP  and_CC  Gwilym_NP  Roberts_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  cornet_NN  trio_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Hughes_NP  ,_,  euphonium_NN  solo_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  conductor_NN  played_VVD  a_AT1  tubular_JJ  bell_NN  solo_NN  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  conducted_VBN  by_IO  deputy-conductor_NN  \0O_NP  \0T_NP  Jones_NP  .  
  the_AT1  band_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  concert_NN  engagements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  .  
  young_JJ  Trevor_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  seriously_RR  injured_VBN  in_IO  January_NN1  1960_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  home_NN1  from_IO  hospital_NN  and_CC  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  Griffiths_NP  ,_,  popular_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  Rhyl_NP  silver_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  rushed_VBN  to_IO  hospital_NN  on_IO  Friday_NN1  before_IO  Christmas_NP  and_CC  is_VBZ  to_TO  remain_VV0  lying_VBG  very_RG  quietly_RR  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
  before_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  hospital_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Griffiths_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  bad_JJ  time_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  has_VHZ  done_VBN  nothing_PN1  but_CS  visit_VV0  hospitals_NNS  for_IO  consultations_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Griffiths_NP  is_VBZ  very_RG  cheerful_JJ  and_CC  praises_VBZ  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  thank_VV0  the_AT1  several_DA  bandsmen_NNS  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  sent_VBN  good_JJ  wishes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  &_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Middleton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Peter_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Brighouse_NP  for_IO  their_APP$  kind_JJ  wishes_NNS  .  
  young_JJ  Peter_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  playing_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  Brighouse_NP  and_CC  Rastrick_NP  band_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  all_DB  wish_VV0  you_PPY  better_JJ  health_NN  in_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Griffiths_NP  ,_,  and_CC  hope_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  home_NN1  again_RR  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  bandsmen_NNS  friends_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  Griffiths_NP    and_CC  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  will_VM  appreciate_VV0  your_APP$  letters_NNS    the_AT1  address_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  men's_NN2  medical_JJ  ward_NN  ,_,  \0H_NP  \0M_NP  Stanley_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  Asaph_NP  ,_,  \0Flints_NP  .  
  steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  medals_NNS  .  
    an_AT1  introduction_NN  .  
  by_IO  Bob_NP  More_NP  .  
  recent_JJ  articles_NNS  of_IO    steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN    ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  for_IO  beginners_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  standard_JJ  English_JJ  dances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  covered_VBN  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  non-dancer_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  back_RP  to_TO  now_RL  dance_VV0  around_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  ballroom_NN  without_IO  feeling_VBG  self-conscious_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  just_RR  enough_DD  figures_NNS  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  monotony_NN  of_IO  repetition_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  dancing_NN  school_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  when_CS this_DD1  stage_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  pupil_NN  is_VBZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  class_NN  of_IO  instruction_NN  ;_;  either_LE  to_IO  an_AT1  intermediate_JJ  class_NN  ,_,  where_CS an_AT1  added_JJ  variation_NN  is_VBZ  taught_VBN  at_IO  each_DD1  session_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  and_CC  silver_JJ  medallist_NN  class_NN  ,_,  where_CS time_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  mainly_RR  spent_VBN  in_IO  improving_VBG  the_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  dancing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  already_RR  learnt_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  choice_NN  you_PPY  make_VV0  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  determined_VBN  by_IO  temperament_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  often_RR  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  dancing_NN  school_NN  you_PPY  attend_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  person_NN  ,_,  attending_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  requires_VBZ  in_IO  most_DA  instances_NNS  to_TO  learn_VV0  enough_DD  to_TO  attend_VV0  a_AT1  dance_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  regards_VBZ  it_PPH1  as_IO  rather_DA  a_AT1  bind_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  attend_VV0  a_AT1  dancing_NN  school_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  having_VHG  enrolled_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  usually_RR  make_VV0  new_JJ  friends_NNS  very_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  instructors_NNS  ,_,  surprisingly_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  human_JJ  ,_,  helpful_JJ  ,_,  good_JJ  humoured_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  the_AT1  uncanny_JJ  knack_NN  when_CS partnering_VBG  you_PPY  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  feel_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  dancer_NN  .  
  before_IO  very_RG  long_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  actually_RR  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  your_APP$  next_DA  visit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  dancing_NN  school_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  now_RL  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO    the_AT1  club_NN    your_APP$  club_NN  !_!  
  then_RL  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  observant_JJ  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  attended_VVD  a_AT1  social_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  party_NN  night_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  different_JJ  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  mixed_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  noticed_VVD  that_CS  some_DD  dancers_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  stand_VV0  out_RP  .  
  not_XX  necessarily_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  that_DD1  latest_JJT  variation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  hop_NN  ,_,  skip_NN  and_CC  jump_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  poised_VVD  their_APP$  bodies_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  ,_,  effortless_JJ  way_NN  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  slow_JJ  foxtrot_NN  ;_;  and_CC  their_APP$  steps_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  fit_VV0  the_AT1  music_NN  just_RR  that_DD1  little_JJ  bit_NN  better_RRR  than_IO  other_DA  dancers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  usually_RR    the_AT1  medallists_NNS    .  
  maybe_RR  you_PPY  feel_VV0  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  dancer_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  whose_PNQV$  dancing_NN  you_PPY  admire_VV0  ;_;  maybe_RR  you_PPY  just_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  belonging_VBG  to_IO    the_AT1  club_NN    ,_,  or_CC  maybe_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  shown_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  medals_NNS  and_CC  certificates_NNS  other_DA  pupils_NNS  have_VH0  won_VBN  ,_,  you_PPY  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  nice_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  like_IO  them_PPHO1  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  reason_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  decide_VV0  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  medallist_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  supplement_VV0  your_APP$  lessons_NNS  in_IO    dance_NN  news_NN    ,_,  because_CS    steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN    will_VM  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  series_NN  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  helping_VBG  you_PPY  to_TO  get_VV0  that_DD1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  required_VBN  to_TO  win_VV0  this_DD1  award_NN  .  
  to_TO  dance_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  basic_JJ  figures_NNS  in_IO  waltz_NN  ,_,  slow_JJ  foxtrot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  quickstep_NN  ,_,  with_IO  particular_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  footwork_NN  ,_,  timing_NN  and_CC  carriage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  one_MC1  other_DA  thing_NN  :_:  the_AT1  examination_NN  fee_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  \0I.D.M.A_NP  this_DD1  is_VBZ  12_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  other_DA  societies_NNS  the_AT1  fee_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  similar_JJ  amount_NN  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  say_VV0  :_:  
    why_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  fee_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  .    
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  fairy_NN  godmothers_NNS  with_IO  magic_JJ  wands_NNS  are_VBR  long_RR  since_II  past_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  money_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  somewhere_RR  .  
  the_AT1  fee_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  modest_JJ  sum_NN  by_IO  present_JJ  day_NN  standards_NNS  ,_,  provides_VBZ  the_AT1  examiner's_NN1$  fee_NN  (_(  and_CC  he_PPHO1  or_CC  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  dancing_NN  profession's_NN1$  leading_JJ  personalities_NNS  )_)  ;_;  the_AT1  office_NN  staff_NN  to_TO  handle_VV0  the_AT1  organisational_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  rent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  where_CS the_AT1  examination_NN  is_VBZ  conducted_VBN  (_(  although_CS  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  conducted_VBN  at_IO  your_APP$  teacher's_NN1$  school_NN  )_)  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  medal_NN  ,_,  certificate_NN  ,_,  report_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  dancing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  instances_NNS  a_AT1  pin_NN  badge_NN  to_TO  wear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  lapel_NN  or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  tie_NN  pin_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  agree_VV0  this_DD1  represents_VBZ  good_JJ  value_NN  for_IO  money_NN  .  
  steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  medals_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Bob_NP  More_NP  .  
  pupils_NNS  often_RR  ask_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  late_JJ  Professor_NNSB1  Joad_NP  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  many_DA  times_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  brains_NNS  trust_NN  ,_,  
    that_DD1  depends_VBZ  on_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  mean_VV0  by_IO  difficult_JJ    .  
  I_PPIS1  liken_VV0  the_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  test_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  learning_VBG  English_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  obviously_RR  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  composition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  alphabet_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  full_JJ  stops_NNS  and_CC  commas_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  write_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  legible_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  something_PN1  like_IO  ,_,  
    the_AT1  cat_NN  sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  mat_NN    .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  requirements_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  test_NN  are_VBR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  candidate_NN  dances_VBZ  three_MC  dances_NNS  ,_,  waltz_NN  ,_,  foxtrot_NN  and_CC  quickstep_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  amateur_NN  or_CC  professional_JJ  partner_NN  ,_,  paying_VBG  particular_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  footwork_NN  ,_,  timing_NN  and_CC  alignment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  .  
  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  a_AT1  test_NN  in_IO  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  fundamentals_NNS  of_IO  dancing_NN  ,_,  for_CS  without_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  foundation_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  very_RG  worthwhile_JJ  will_VM  be_VB0  produced_VBN  later_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  figures_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bronze_JJ  test_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  to_TO  elaborate_VV0  .  
  to_TO  use_VV0  advanced_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  not_XX  danced_VBN  well_RR  ,_,  can_VM  often_RR  result_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  candidate_NN  being_VBG  marked_VBN  badly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  precept_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  do_VD0  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  better_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  maxim_NN  ,_,    little_NC2  and_NC2  good_NC2    .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  problem_NN  is_VBZ  1_MC1  )_)  does_VBZ  the_AT1  teacher_NN  give_VV0  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  a_AT1  sequence_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  that_PNQS progress_VV0  completely_RR  round_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  or_CC  2_MC  )_)  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  figures_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  3_MC  )_)  just_RR  teach_VV0  the_AT1  required_JJ  figures_NNS  and_CC  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  pupil_NN  to_TO  amalgamate_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_CS  best_RBT  they_PPHS2  can_VM  .  
  different_JJ  teachers_NNS  and_CC  schools_NNS  have_VH0  varied_JJ  ideas_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  .  
  Margaret_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  grade_NN  tests_NNS  ,_,  always_RR  teach_VV0  a_AT1  sequence_NN  .  
  argument_NN  against_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  pupil's_NN1$  mind_NN  may_VM  go_VV0  blank_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  nervous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  fail_VV0  to_TO  produce_VV0  any_DD  dancing_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  sometimes_RR  happen_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lesser_JJ  risk_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  than_CS  having_VHG  a_AT1  pupil_NN  get_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  forget_VV0  how_CS to_TO  get_VV0  round_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  been_VBN  given_VBN  a_AT1  sequence_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  pages_NNS  of_IO  dance_NN  news_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  practicable_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  sequence_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  obviously_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  which_DDQ  suits_VBZ  one_MC1  shaped_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  suit_VV0  another_DD1  .  
  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  will_VM  endeavour_VV0  to_TO  overcome_VV0  by_IO  giving_VBG  sequences_NNS  to_TO  fit_VV0  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  small_JJ  hall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  the_AT1  good_JJ  fortune_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  examined_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  hall_NN  .  
  the_AT1  waltz_NN  .  
  taking_VBG  the_AT1  waltz_NN  first_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  that_PNQS really_RR  must_VM  be_VB0  included_VBN  are_VBR  ,_,  natural_JJ  turn_NN  ,_,  closed_JJ  change_NN  and_CC  reverse_JJ  turn_NN  ,_,  danced_VBN  in_IO  that_DD1  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO    the_AT1  waltz_NN  basic_JJ  amalgamation_NN    .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  figures_NNS  ,_,  long_RR  beloved_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  bronze_JJ  medallists_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  whisk_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  syncopated_JJ  chasse_NN  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  described_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ    steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN    .  
  these_DD2  figures_NNS  should_VM  cover_VV0  the_AT1  long_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  now_RL  have_VH0  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  corner_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  before_IO  doing_VBG  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  will_VM  emphasise_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  you_PPY  must_VM  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  showing_VBG  in_IO  your_APP$  dancing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  amalgamation_NN  .  
  first_MD  and_CC  foremost_JJ  requirement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  test_NN  ,_,  correct_JJ  footwork_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  and_CC  lady_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  forward_JJ  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  and_CC  reverse_JJ  turns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  closed_JJ  change_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  1_MC1  )_)  heel_NN  ;_;  2_MC  )_)  toe_NN  ;_;  3_MC  )_)  toe_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  say_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  heel_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  the_AT1  toe_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  foot_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  clear_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  almost_RR  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  foot_NN  moves_VBZ  forward_RR  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  foot_NN  moves_VBZ  forward_RR  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  toes_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  gradually_RR  increasing_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  refer_VV0  to_IO  as_IO  a_AT1    heel_NN  lead_NN    .  
  a_AT1  regular_JJ  comment_NN  from_IO  examiners_NNS  on_IO  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  test_NN  reports_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,      some_DD  heel_NN  leads_NNS  missed_VBN    ,_,  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  steps_NNS  being_VBG  taken_VBN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  described_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  foot_NN  is_VBZ  pushed_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  feet_NNS  flat_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  worse_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  heel_NN  raised_VBN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  foot_NN  moves_VBZ  forward_RR  and_CC  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  heel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  back_JB  heel_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  rise_VV0  easily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  naturally_RR  ,_,  then_RL  as_CS  the_AT1  weight_NN  transfers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  foot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  rise_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  retain_VV0  light_JJ  pressure_NN  (_(  not_XX  weight_NN  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  foot_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  moves_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  for_IO  step_NN  2_MC  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  controlled_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  foot_NN  closes_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  step_NN  ,_,  retain_VV0  pressure_NN  (_(  not_XX  weight_NN  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1  toe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moving_JJ  foot_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  close_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  lower_VV0  heel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supporting_JJ  foot_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  step_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  .  
  steps_NNS  to_IO  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  medals_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Bob_NP  More_NP  .  
  in_IO  last_DA  week's_NN1$  lesson_NN  we_PPIS2  spoke_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  footwork_NN  on_IO  forward_JJ  movements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  waltz_NN  basic_JJ  amalgamation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  week_NN  we_PPIS2  will_VM  talk_VV0  about_IO  movement_NN  and_CC  floor_NN  coverage_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  figures_NNS  ;_;  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  natural_JJ  turn_NN  ,_,  closed_JJ  change_NN  and_CC  reverse_JJ  turn_NN  .  
  floor_NN  coverage_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  topic_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  many_DA  dancers_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  to_TO  achieve_VV0  good_JJ  floor_NN  coverage_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  essential_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  long_JJ  steps_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  person_NN  to_TO  overstride_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  endeavour_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  will_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  unbalance_VV0  the_AT1  couple_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  the_AT1  movements_NNS  unrhythmical_JJ  .  
  of_IO  greater_JJ  importance_NN  than_IO  length_NN  of_IO  stride_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  steps_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  direction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  must_VM  turn_VV0  the_AT1  correct_JJ  amount_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  figure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  natural_JJ  turn_NN  should_VM  commence_VV0  facing_VBG  diagonally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  and_CC  end_NN  facing_VBG  diagonally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  closed_JJ  change_NN  will_VM  therefore_RR  commence_VV0  facing_VBG  diagonally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  and_CC  end_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  direction_NN  .  
  following_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  turn_NN  will_VM  therefore_RR  commence_VV0  facing_VBG  diagonally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  and_CC  should_VM  end_VV0  facing_VBG  diagonally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  inexperienced_JJ  dancers_NNS  often_RR  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  ending_VBG  the_AT1  natural_JJ  turn_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  alignment_NN  ;_;  facing_VBG  centre_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  diagonally_RR  to_IO  centre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  turn_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  often_RR  end_VV0  facing_VBG  wall_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  diagonally_RR  to_IO  wall_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  at_IO  fault_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fault_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  failure_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  hips_NNS  sufficiently_RR  between_IO  steps_NNS  5-6_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  correct_JJ  alignments_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  turn_NN  (_(  steps_NNS  4-6_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  :_:  4_MC  )_)  backing_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  5_MC  )_)  pointing_VBG  \0diag_RR  to_IO  centre_NN  .  6_MC  )_)  facing_VBG  \0diag_RR  to_IO  centre_NN  .  
  on_IO  step_NN  5_MC  the_AT1  toe_NN  must_VM  turn_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  foot_NN  turns_VBZ  more_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  on_IO  step_NN  6_MC  the_AT1  body_NN  must_VM  continue_VV0  turning_VBG  ,_,  to_TO  face_VV0  where_CS the_AT1  feet_NNS  point_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  applies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  2nd_MD  half_DB  reverse_JJ  turn_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  the_AT1  alignments_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  4_MC  )_)  backing_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  5_MC  )_)  pointing_VBG  \0diag_RR  to_IO  wall_NN  .  6_MC  )_)  facing_VBG  \0diag_RR  to_IO  wall_NN  .  
  attention_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  points_NNS  of_IO  alignment_NN  will_VM  produce_VV0  more_RG  effective_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  also_RR  of_IO  help_NN  in_IO  covering_VBG  the_AT1  floor_NN  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  footwork_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  stressed_VVD  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  correct_JJ  rise_NN  and_CC  fall_NN  .  
  the_AT1  normal_JJ  rise_NN  and_CC  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  waltz_NN  basic_JJ  amalgamation_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  down_RP  as_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  ;_;  commence_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  step_NN  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  take_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  step_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  continue_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  feet_NNS  close_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  step_NN  .  
  remember_VV0  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  step_VV0  back_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  beat_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bar_NN  (_(  gentleman_NN  4th_MD  step_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  and_CC  reverse_JJ  turns_NNS  ,_,  lady_NN  1st_MD  step_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  and_CC  reverse_JJ  turns_NNS  )_)  you_PPY  commence_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  only_RR  .  
  the_AT1  heel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  remaining_NN  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  until_CS  after_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  step_NN  is_VBZ  positioned_VBN  .  
  before_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  basic_JJ  waltz_NN  figures_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  more_DA  point_NN  we_PPIS2  must_VM  emphasise_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  not_XX  infrequent_JJ  comment_NN  examiners_NNS  find_VV0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  on_IO  examination_NN  reports_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  
    some_DD  closes_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  neater_JJ    .  
  the_AT1  feet_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  closed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  and_CC  toes_NNS  level_JJ  .  
  inexperienced_JJ  dancers_NNS  often_RR  find_VV0  this_DD1  difficult_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  tending_VBG  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  foot_NN  forward_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  lady_NN  backwards_RR  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  together_RR  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  usually_RR  be_VB0  corrected_VBN  by_IO  taking_VBG  more_DA  care_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  step_NN  preceding_VBG  the_AT1  close_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bronze_JJ  medallist_NN  should_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  foot_NN  movements_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  basic_JJ  figures_NNS  as_IO  :_:  1_MC1  )_)  forward_RR  ;_;  2_MC  )_)  side_NN  ;_;  3_MC  )_)  close_VV0  ;_;  or_CC  1_MC1  )_)  back_RP  ;_;  2_MC  )_)  side_NN  ;_;  3_MC  )_)  close_VV0  .  
  budgerigar_NN  breeding_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  flat_NN  .  
  spare_JJ  room_NN  converted_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  well-laid-out_JB  birdroom_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0H_NP  Hough_NP  .  
  when_CS first_RR  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  budgerigar_NN  breeding_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  particular_JJ  hurry_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  buying_VBG  birds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  glean_VV0  every_AT1  scrap_NN  of_IO  information_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  from_IO  every_AT1  possible_JJ  source_NN  .  
  bookshops_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  new_JJ  and_CC  second-hand_JB  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  recognize_VV0  me_PPIO1  on_IO  sight_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  local_JJ  librarian_NN  knew_VVD  just_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  after_IO  ,_,  and_CC  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  fanciers_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  begun_VBN  to_TO  dread_VV0  my_APP$  approach_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  insatiable_JJ  quest_NN  for_IO  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  facts_NNS  to_TO  add_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  growing_JJ  store_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  notes_NNS  on_IO  feeding_NN  problems_NNS  ,_,  odd_JJ  habits_NNS  ,_,  minor_JJ  complaints_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  treatment_NN  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  do's_NNS  and_CC  don'ts_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  should_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  reasonably_RR  fall_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  lot_NN  .  
  now_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  exchange_VV0  theory_NN  for_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  consider_VV0  how_CS and_CC  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  house_VV0  my_APP$  stock_NN  .  
  useful_JJ  packing-cases_NNS  .  
  being_VBG  a_AT1  flat_NN  dweller_NN  an_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  aviary_NN  ,_,  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  controlled_JJ  flights_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  possess_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  spare_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  ,_,  should_VM  become_VV0  my_APP$  birdroom_NN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  warehouse_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  lucky_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  excellent_JJ  packing-cases_NNS  each_DD1  measuring_VBG  3_MC  \0ft_NNU  x_IO  18_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  18_MC  \0in_NNU  .  
  after_IO  laying_VBG  the_AT1  lids_NNS  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  lined_VVD  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  back_NN  and_CC  sides_NNS  with_IO  hardboard_NN  ,_,  and_CC  drilled_VVD  a_AT1  1_MC1  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  hole_NN  high_RR  up_RP  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  to_TO  furnish_VV0  an_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nest-boxes_NNS  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  finish_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nest-box_NN  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cage_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  screwed_VVD  on_RP  some_DD  natural_JJ  cork_NN  bark_NN  ,_,  cutting_VBG  an_AT1  irregular_JJ  hole_NN  to_TO  correspond_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  nest-box_NN  entrance_NN  hole_NN  .  
  natural_JJ  knothole_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  represent_VV0  the_AT1  natural_JJ  knothole_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  wild_JJ  budgies_NNS  enter_VV0  their_APP$  nest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  addition_NN  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  its_APP$  worth_NN  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  later_RRR  introduced_VVD  my_APP$  birds_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  quarters_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  amazing_JJ  how_CS quickly_RR  the_AT1  pairs_NNS  rounded_VVD  and_CC  smoothed_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  holes_NNS  to_TO  suit_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  requirements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  bark_NN  also_RR  gave_VVD  the_AT1  birds_NNS  something_PN1  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  satisfy_VV0  their_APP$  penchant_NN  for_IO  gnawing_NN  ,_,  without_IO  causing_VBG  any_DD  material_JJ  damage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cages_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  add_VV0  ,_,  formed_VVD  an_AT1  easy_JJ  means_NN  of_IO  re-entry_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  chicks_NNS  made_VVD  their_APP$  first_MD  tentative_JJ  exit_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  nests_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  amazing_JJ  how_CS quickly_RR  and_CC  well_RR  a_AT1  young_JJ  chick_NN  can_VM  scuttle_VV0  up_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  bark_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  constant_JJ  fluttering_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  wings_NNS  during_IO  this_DD1  operation_NN  must_VM  certainly_RR  help_VV0  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  preparation_NN  for_IO  early_JJ  flight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  job_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  fit_VV0  a_AT1  1_MC1  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  shelf_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  carefully_RR  spaced_JJ  holes_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hook_VV0  the_AT1  seed_NN  ,_,  grit_NN  and_CC  water_NN  vessels_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  clock-spring_NN  clip_NN  was_VBDZ  screwed_VBN  below_IO  the_AT1  shelf_NN  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  cuttlefish_NN  bone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  bottom_JB  tray_NN  from_IO  hardboard_NN  and_CC  beading_NN  .  
  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  rail_NN  ,_,  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  tray_NN  slid_VVD  smoothly_RR  ,_,  also_RR  served_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  fixing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  cage_NN  fronts_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  ready_RR  made_VBN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  now_RL  was_VBDZ  to_TO  attach_VV0  the_AT1  nest-boxes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  fastened_VBN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  carefully_RR  measured_VBN  nuts_NNS  and_CC  bolts_NNS  ,_,  taken_VBN  right_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cage_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cork_NN  bark_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  essential_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good-sized_JJ  flight_NN  cage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  from_IO  multiple_JJ  plyboard_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  design_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  at_IO  eye-level_NN  (_(  on_IO  two_MC  strong_JJ  brackets_NNS  )_)  and_CC  is_VBZ  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  long_JJ  ,_,  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  and_CC  14_MC  \0in_NNU  wide_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  roof_NN  is_VBZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  mesh_NN  netting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  upper_JB  20_MC  \0in_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  is_VBZ  composed_VBN  of_IO  two_MC  sliding_JJ  glass_NN  panels_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  cage_NN  is_VBZ  capable_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  divided_VBN  into_IO  two_MC  halves_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  sliding_JJ  hardboard_NN  partition_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  recommend_VV0  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  cage_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  birds_NNS  to_TO  throw_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  seed_NN  husks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  very_RG  quickly_RR  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  front_NN  .  
  working_VBG  table_NN  and_CC  desk_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cages_NNS  were_VBDR  arranged_VBN  on_IO  tables_NNS  and_CC  shelves_NNS  opposite_IO  the_AT1  flight_NN  cage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  right_RR  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  window_NN  I_PPIS1  placed_VVD  a_AT1  table_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  both_DB2  a_AT1  working_NN  table_NN  and_CC  office_NN  desk_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fitted_JJ  cupboard_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  acts_NNS  as_IO  repository_NN  for_IO  food_NN  and_CC  accessories_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  place_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  neat_JJ  and_CC  tidy_JJ  .  
  all_DB  cages_NNS  are_VBR  cleaned_VBN  out_RP  daily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  think_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1    must_NN    when_CS a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  are_VBR  kept_VBN  indoors_RL  ,_,  especially_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  breeding_NN  season_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  hens'_NN2  droppings_NNS  are_VBR  loose_JJ  and_CC  copious_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  neglected_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  soon_RR  give_VV0  grounds_NNS  for_IO  complaint_NN  .  
  before_IO  obtaining_VBG  my_APP$  birds_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  careful_JJ  consideration_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  diet_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  adult_JJ  birds_NNS  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  future_JB  chicks_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  raise_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  my_APP$  food_NN  list_NN  with_IO  best_JJT  Spanish_JJ  canary_NN  seed_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  added_VVD  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  white_JJ  millet_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  diet_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  add_VV0  natural_JJ  greenfoods_NNS  as_CS  and_CC  when_CS obtainable_JJ  .  
  among_IO  these_DD2  I_PPIS1  carefully_RR  listed_VVD  chickweed_NN  ,_,  seeding_JJ  grasses_NNS  ,_,  lettuce_NN  ,_,  carrot_NN  ,_,  apple_NN  and_CC  groundsel_NN  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  items_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  still_RR  offer_VV0  when_CS obtainable_JJ  contain_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  essential_JJ  vitamins_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  seed_NN  and_CC  grit_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  nutritional_JJ  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  budgerigar_NN  .  
  for_IO  feeding_JJ  mothers_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  add_VV0  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  soaked_JJ  groats_NNS  and_CC  canary_NN  seed_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  a_DA  little_DA  wheat_NN  germ_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  obtainable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    wheat_NN  germ_NN    baby_NN  food_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  maintained_VBN  this_DD1  diet_NN  since_II  with_IO  excellent_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  addition_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  slice_NN  of_IO  orange_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  my_APP$  birds_NNS  seem_VV0  passionately_RR  fond_JJ  .  
  care_NN  and_CC  study_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  time_NN  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  to_TO  purchase_VV0  my_APP$  first_MD  stock_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  involved_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  study_NN  and_CC  care_NN  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  slip_NN  up_RP  here_RL  ,_,  or_CC  all_DB  my_APP$  preparations_NNS  and_CC  hopes_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_RR  vain_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  good_JJ  birds_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN    in_IO  head_NN  ,_,  type_NN  ,_,  body_NN  shape_NN  ,_,  spots_NNS  and_CC  stance_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  full_RR  well_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  stand_VV0  or_CC  fall_VV0  by_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  judgment_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1    paid_VVD  my_APP$  money_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  my_APP$  choice_NN    and_CC  time_NN  alone_RR  will_VM  tell_VV0  what_DDQ  errors_NNS  of_IO  judgment_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  .  
  so_RR  far_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  reasonably_RR  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  been_VBN  fascinated_VBN  by_IO    red-eyes_NNS  ,_,    so_CS  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  my_APP$  first_MD  birds_NNS  consisted_VVD  of_IO  two_MC  pairs_NNS  of_IO  Lutinos_NP2  and_CC  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  albino_NN  cock_NN  .  
  (_(  at_RR  least_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  worries_NNS  about_IO  spots_NNS  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  Lutinos_NP2  were_VBDR  of_IO  good_JJ  size_NN  and_CC  colour_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  albino_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  a_AT1  faint_JJ  suffusion_NN  of_IO  blue_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  breast_NN  .  
  well-spotted_JJ  pairs_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  light_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  body_NN  and_CC  head_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  definite_JJ  pinkish_JJ  glow_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  most_RG  attractive_JJ  bird_NN  .  
  from_IO  another_DD1  source_NN  I_PPIS1  obtained_VVD  a_AT1  well-balanced_JJ  pair_NN  of_IO  grey_JJ  greens_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  light_JJ  greens_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  good_JJ  type_NN  and_CC  well_RR  spotted_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  next_DA  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  ,_,  untried_JJ  cock_NN  ,_,  sired_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  green_JJ  cock_NN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  whitewing_JB  cobalt_JJ  hen_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  ideal_JJ  stance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  perch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  yellow_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  white_JJ  wings_NNS  and_CC  peacock_NN  blue_JJ  back_NN  and_CC  tail_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  caught_VVD  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
  visually_RR  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  grade_NN  .  
  after_IO  some_DD  consideration_NN  I_PPIS1  also_RR  bought_VVD  his_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  breeding_VBG  back_RP  to_TO  stabilize_VV0  the_AT1  strain_NN  .  
  a_AT1  nicely_RR  matched_VBN  pair_NN  of_IO  cobalts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  greys_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  well-coloured_JJ  violet_JJ  cock_NN  were_VBDR  my_APP$  next_DA  buy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  last_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  I_PPIS1  purchased_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  greywing_NN  /_CC  normal_JJ  white_JJ  hen_NN  .  
  how_CS these_DD2  birds_NNS  were_VBDR  eventually_RR  paired_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  many_DA  snags_NNS  that_PNQS arose_VVD  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  breeding_NN  session_NN  ,_,  will_VM  form_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  next_DA  article_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  prove_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  more_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  learned_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  mistake_NN  than_CS  one_MC1  at_RR  first_RR  realizes_VBZ  .  
  junior_JJ  bird_NN  league_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  disappointed_JJ    
  when_CS your_APP$  promising_JJ  winners_NNS  are_VBR  beaten_VBN  ,_,  says_VBZ  \0R_NP  \0F_NP  Warlow_NP  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  retract_VV0  from_IO  my_APP$  promise_NN  to_TO  follow_VV0  up_RP  on_IO  other_DA  subjects_NNS  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  readers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  page_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  write_VV0  about_IO  border_NN  canaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lesson_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  other_DA  varieties_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  subject_NN  is_VBZ  show_NN  birds_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  that_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  winners_NNS  .  
  now_RL  some_DD  fanciers_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  young_JJ  and_CC  old_JJ  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  once_CS  a_AT1  bird_NN  has_VHZ  beaten_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  birds_NNS  ,_,  providing_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  meets_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  company_NN  again_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  winning_VBG  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  good_JJ  judges_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  criticized_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  just_JJ  cause_NN  ,_,  when_CS past_JB  form_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  upset_VBN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  opinions_NNS  of_IO  judges_NNS  sometimes_RR  differ_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  exhibits_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  very_RG  close_RR  together_RR  in_IO  merit_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  change_VV0  places_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  show_NN  season_NN  progresses_VBZ  .  
  sound_JJ  judgment_NN  .  
  many_DA  fanciers_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  good_JJ  judges_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  birds_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  show_VV0  sound_JJ  judgment_NN  when_CS assessing_VBG  the_AT1  merits_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  human_JJ  trait_NN  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  will_VM  understand_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  passed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  phase_NN  when_CS all_DB  the_AT1  birds_NNS  in_IO  my_APP$  birdroom_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  all_DB  the_AT1  virtues_NNS  of_IO  great_JJ  winners_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  looking_VBG  good_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  stock_NN  cage_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  show_NN  bird_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  an_AT1  exacting_JJ  test_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  its_APP$  virtues_NNS  and_CC  its_APP$  temperament_NN  are_VBR  well_RR  and_CC  truly_RR  tried_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  bird_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  all_DB  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  physical_JJ  attributes_NNS  may_VM  fail_VV0  ,_,  either_LE  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  proven_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  trained_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  itself_PPX1  off_RP  properly_RR  ,_,  or_CC  may_RR  be_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  like_VV0  shows_NNS  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  enthusiast_NN  I_PPIS1  liked_VVD  nothing_PN1  better_RRR  than_CS  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  more_RG  experienced_JJ  fanciers_NNS  talking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  sometimes_RR  found_VVD  it_PPH1  good_JJ  fun_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  birds_NNS  are_VBR  admired_VBN  when_CS on_IO  show_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  also_RR  found_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  in_RP  for_IO  some_DD  searching_JJ  criticism_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  interested_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  still_RR  am_VBM  today_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  note_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  opinions_NNS  of_IO  experienced_JJ  fanciers_NNS  differ_VV0  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  assessing_VBG  the_AT1  merits_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  bird_NN  .  
  a_AT1  really_RR  excellent_JJ  bird_NN  usually_RR  meets_VBZ  with_IO  approval_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  a_DA  few_DA  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  convinced_VBN  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  .  
  maybe_RR  they_PPHS2  lack_VV0  knowledge_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  required_VBN  or_CC  perhaps_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  just_RR  prejudiced_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fault_NN  that_PNQS everyone_PN1  has_VHZ  to_TO  guard_VV0  against_IO  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  excellence_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  canary_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  laid_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  clubs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  standard_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  semi-erect_JJ  ,_,  standing_VBG  at_IO  an_AT1  angle_NN  of_IO  60_MC  degrees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  bird_NN  should_VM  move_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  gay_JJ  and_CC  jaunty_JJ  manner_NN  with_IO  full_JJ  poise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  100_MC  marks_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  allocated_VBN  ,_,  15_MC  are_VBR  awarded_VBN  for_IO  these_DD2  attributes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  bird_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  earn_VV0  each_DD1  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS on_IO  the_AT1  judging_NN  bench_NN  .  
  suffice_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  many_DA  birds_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  under_IO  me_PPIO1  have_VH0  earned_VBN  very_RG  poor_JJ  markings_NNS  for_IO  carriage_NN  and_CC  position_NN  .  
  how_CS about_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  heard_VBN  it_PPH1  said_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  popular_JJ  winner_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  today_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  whether_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  win_VV0  in_IO  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  weeks'_NN2  time_NN  .    
  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  fancier_NN  can_VM  often_RR  make_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  prophesy_NN  ,_,  simply_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  noticed_VBN  something_PN1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  wrong_RR  .  
  returning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  again_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  stipulates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  plumage_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  close_JJ  ,_,  firm_JJ  ,_,  fine_JJ  in_IO  quality_NN  ,_,  presenting_VBG  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  ,_,  glossy_JJ  ,_,  silken_JJ  appearance_NN  free_JJ  from_IO  frills_NNS  and_CC  toughness_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  refer_VV0  to_IO  these_DD2  virtues_NNS  as_IO  quality_NN  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  show_NN  season_NN  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  win_VV0  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  excellent_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  discerning_JJ  eye_NN  can_VM  already_RR  see_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  winners_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  carrying_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  feather_NN  .  
  birds_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  add_VV0  feathers_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  after_CS  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  completed_VBN  the_AT1  moult_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  additional_JJ  feathers_NNS  can_VM  change_VV0  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  appeared_VVD  once_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  show_NN  bird_NN  .  
    to_TO  finish_VV0  the_AT1  season_NN    .  
  by_IO  Ralph_NP  Greaves_NP  .  
  those_DD2  familiar_JJ  words_NNS  will_VM  now_RL  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fixture-card_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  entry_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hunting_NN  diary_NN  for_IO  1960-61_MC-MC    a_AT1  season_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  history_NN  not_XX  only_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  open_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  the_AT1  wettest_JJT    since_CS  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  man_NN  runneth_VBZ  not_XX  to_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  .    
  even_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  season_NN  started_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  land_NN  was_VBDZ  saturated_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  so_PN1  it_PPH1  remained_VVD  throughout_II  ,_,  with_IO  never_RR  a_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  drying_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  until_IO  the_AT1  fantastically_RR  dry_JJ  and_CC  sunny_JJ  spell_NN  that_PNQS set_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  March_NN1  .  
  fortunately_RR  this_DD1  will_VM  obviate_VV0  cuckoo_NN  corn_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  farmer_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  as_IO  regards_II  foxhunting_NN  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  days_NNS  lately_RR  when_CS one_MC1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  have_VH0  expected_VBN  hounds_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  scent_NN  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  .  
  strangely_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  despite_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  wet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  as_RG  good_JJ  scenting_NN  as_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  ,_,  scent_NN  being_VBG  literally_RR  washed_VBN  away_RP  .  
  but_CCB  from_IO  December_NN1  onwards_RR  there_EX  came_VVD  reports_NNS  from_IO  every_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  sport_NN  well_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  drains_NNS  full_JJ  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  more_DA  foxes_NNS  killed_VBN  above_IO  ground_NN  .  
  stoppages_NNS  from_IO  snow_NN  and_CC  frost_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  practically_RR  nil_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  season_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  marred_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  countries_NNS  by_IO  disastrous_JJ  outbreaks_NNS  of_IO  foot-and-mouth_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  always_RR  more_RG  frequent_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  mild_JJ  season_NN  .  
  signs_NNS  of_IO  wear_NN  .  
  though_CS  always_RR  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  off_RP  ,_,  Masters_NNSB2  and_CC  hunt_NN  servants_NNS  may_VM  sometimes_RR  regard_VV0  the_AT1  finish_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  with_IO  mixed_JJ  feelings_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  peters_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  blaze_NN  of_IO  scentless_JJ  sunshine_NN  .  
  horses_NNS  and_CC  hounds_NNS  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  hard_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  going_VBG  like_IO  porridge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  exceptionally_RR  long_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  bigger_JJ  establishments_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  signs_NNS  of_IO  wear-and-tear_NN  .  
  horses_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  still_RR  sound_JJ  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  running_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  bit_NN  light_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  probably_RR  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  lame_JJ  hounds_NNS  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  cuts_NNS  from_IO  wire_NN  or_CC  flints_NNS  .  
  on_IO  chalky_JJ  downlands_NNS  these_DD2  flints_NNS  have_VH0  become_VBN  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  menace_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  south_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  \0Wilts_NP  having_VHG  been_VBN  particular_JJ  sufferers_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plough_NN  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  the_AT1  flints_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  cut_VV0  like_IO  razors_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  into_IO  hounds'_NN2  feet_NNS  but_CCB  horses'_NN2  heels_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  source_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  pig-netting_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  hounds_NNS  are_VBR  liable_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  hung_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  pull_VV0  their_APP$  stifles_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  with_IO  casualties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  bitches_NNS  in_IO  hot_JJ  kennel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  huntsman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  establishment_NN  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  25_MC  couple_NNS  may_VM  sometimes_RR  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  drawing_VBG  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  pack_NN  for_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  these_DD2  domestic_JJ  problems_NNS  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prolongation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  agriculture_NN  .  
  foxhunting_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1    trespass_NN  by_IO  courtesy_NN    and_CC  since_CS  the_AT1  courtesy_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farmer_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  latter's_$  interests_NNS  that_PNQS finally_RR  decide_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  those_DD2  countries_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  hill_NN  or_CC  downland_NN  are_VBR  often_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  operations_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  vale_NN  is_VBZ  closed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Berkeley_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  usually_RR  invited_VBN  to_TO  retire_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  slopes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cotswolds_NP2  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  hunting_NN  .  
  most_DA  moorland_NN  packs_NNS  can_VM  also_RR  remain_VV0  in_IO  session_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  advantage_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  that_DD1  inveterate_JJ  foxcatcher_NN  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  Ronnie_NP  Wallace_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  accustomed_VBN  to_TO  wind_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  season_NN  by_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  Heythrop_NP  hounds_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Exmoor_NP  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  Southdown_NP  country_NN  the_AT1  killing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  brace_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  May_NN1  foxes_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  open_JJ  downlands_NNS  is_VBZ  almost_RR  traditional_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  vale_NN  hounds_NNS  have_VH0  long_RR  ago_RR  shut_VBN  up_RP  shop_NN  .  
  a_AT1  favourite_JB  dodge_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  insistent_JJ  end-of-the-season_JB  problems_NNS  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  lambing_JJ  ewes_NNS  .  
  however_CS carefully_RR  the_AT1  Master_NNSB1  may_VM  arrange_VV0  his_APP$  draw_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  hounds_NNS  may_VM  run_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  direction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  stopped_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  favourite_JB  dodges_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  repertoire_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hunted_JJ  fox_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  run_VV0  through_IO  sheep_NN  foul_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  with_IO  ewes_NNS  and_CC  lambs_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  difficult_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  Master_NNSB1  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  damage_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  word_NN  that_PNQS weighs_VBZ  heavily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  hearts_NNS  of_IO  Master_NNSB1  ,_,  field_NN  Master_NNSB1  and_CC  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fair_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  damage_NN  to_IO  grassland_NN    or_CC  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  permanent_JJ  grass_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS as_RG  wet_JJ  as_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  ,_,  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  particularly_RR  serious_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  all_DB  wash_VV0  back_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  rain_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  farmer_NN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  his_APP$  fields_NNS  cut_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  February_NN1  or_CC  March_NN1  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  just_RR  rolled_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  even_RR  on_IO  old_JJ  pasture_NN  with_IO  plenty_NN  of_IO  bottom_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  mark_NN  is_VBZ  there_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  certainly_RR  put_VV0  paid_VBN  to_IO  any_DD  leys_NNS    and_CC  ley_NN  farming_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  problem_NN  more_RG  acute_JJ  .  
  had_VHD  the_AT1  wet_JJ  weather_NN  continued_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  most_DA  hunts_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  stop_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  earlier_RRR  than_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  hounds_NNS  would_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  have_VH0  continued_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  tied_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  fox_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  would_VM  have_VH0  started_VBN  worrying_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  point-to-point_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  a_AT1  mark_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  !_!  
  and_CC  the_AT1  faster_RRR  we_PPIS2  galloped_VVD  ,_,  especially_RR  downhill_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  worse_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  .  
  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  after_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  sun_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  write_VV0  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  top_JB  crust_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  clays_NNS  ,_,  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  land_NN  is_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  glue_NN  pot_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  damage_NN  then_RL  will_VM  be_VB0  worse_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  nor_CC  would_VM  it_PPH1  take_VV0  much_DA  rain_NN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  it_PPH1  once_RR  more_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  porridge_NN  stage_NN  .  
  in_IO  Leicestershire_NP  .  
  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  land_NN  really_RR  has_VHZ  dried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  arable_JJ  was_VBDZ  mostly_RR  in_IO  tilth_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  March_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  short_JJ  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  story_NN  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   look_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  remember_VV0  .  .  
  hounds_NNS  are_VBR  scudding_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  covey_NN  of_IO  grouse_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  away_RP  on_IO  terms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  horse_NN  is_VBZ  pulling_VBG  a_AT1  double_JJ  handful_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  stride_VV0  on_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  would_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  when_CS hounds_NNS  are_VBR  running_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  either_LE  go_VV0  on_RP  or_CC  go_VV0  home_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  ground_NN  squelches_VBZ  under_IO  foot_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  can_VM  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  dirt_NN  all_DB  day_NN    and_CC  what_DDQ  a_AT1  feel_NN  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  give_VV0  you_PPY  !_!  
  but_CCB  by_IO  Gad_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  deep_JJ  !_!  
  horses_NNS  in_IO  front_NN  are_VBR  throwing_VBG  up_RP  clods_NNS  of_IO  turf_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  go_VV0  in_RP  fetlock_NN  deep_RR  .  
  better_RRR  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  first_MD  cut_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  fence_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  others_DA2  start_VV0  bashing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  horse_NN  heaves_VBZ  himself_PPX1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  and_CC  jumps_VBZ  it_PPH1  cleanly_RR  .  
  on_IO  you_PPY  go_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flying_JJ  pack_NN  .  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  hunt_NN  has_VHZ  only_RR  started_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  've_VH0  only_RR  crossed_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  field_NN  .  
  go_VV0  back_RP  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  and_CC  walk_VV0  round_IO  that_DD1  farm_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  hunt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  over_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  you_PPY  say_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  the_AT1  farmer_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  owed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  than_CS  we_PPIS2  foxhunters_NNS  sometimes_RR  realise_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  thought_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  finish_VV0  the_AT1  season_NN  .  
  an_AT1  easy-going_JJ  spring_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0A_NP  \0R_NP  Ennion_NP  .  
  equinoxial_JJ  tides_NNS  .  .  
  unexpected_JJ  finds_NNS  .  .  
  tree-sparrows_NNS  and_CC  rock-sparrows_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  shore_NN  is_VBZ  settling_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  its_APP$  everyday_JB  ways_NNS  again_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  ,_,  three-parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  through_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  exceptionally_RR  high_JJ  spring_NN  tides_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  equinox_NN  .  
  scudding_JJ  seas_NNS  and_CC  flying_JJ  sand_NN  ,_,  sheets_NNS  of_IO  spray_NN  sweeping_VBG  high_RR  over_IO  cliffs_NNS  and_CC  across_IO  roads_NNS  where_CS I_PPIS1  never_RR  remember_VV0  having_VHG  to_TO  drive_VV0  through_IO  spray_NN  before_II  ,_,  were_VBDR  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  .  
  bedlam_NN  outside_RP  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_RP  ,_,  with_IO  curtains_NNS  flapping_VBG  and_CC  doors_NNS  banging_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  waders_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  tideline_NN  hardly_RR  knew_VVD  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  or_CC  on_IO  their_APP$  heels_NNS  ,_,  what_DDQ  with_IO  the_AT1  driven_JJ  spume_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  blinding_JJ  spray_NN  and_CC  both_DB2  wind_NN  and_CC  water_NN  playing_VBG  tricks_NNS  and_CC  taking_VBG  them_PPHO1  at_IO  unexpected_JJ  speeds_NNS  and_CC  angles_NNS  .  
  co-ordination_NN  of_IO  muscle_NN  and_CC  eye_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  way_NN  a_AT1  dunlin_NN  knows_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  T_ZZ1  how_CS far_RR  a_AT1  wave_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  ripple_VV0  up_IO  a_AT1  beach_NN  ,_,  how_CS long_RR  he_PPHO1  can_VM  wait_VV0  before_IO  turning_VBG  and_CC  running_VBG  back_RP  before_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  avoid_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  getting_VBG  his_APP$  knickers_NNS  wet_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  redshank_NN  knows_VBZ  exactly_RR  when_CS to_TO  check_VV0  his_APP$  speed_NN  to_TO  alight_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  spot_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  moment_NN  to_TO  snatch_VV0  a_AT1  titbit_NN  sweeping_VBG  out_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  again_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  undertow_NN  .  
  such_DA  instant_JJ  co-ordination_NN  of_IO  muscle_NN  and_CC  eye_NN  is_VBZ  commonplace_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  swift_JJ  movements_NNS  and_CC  decisions_NNS  that_PNQS ,_,  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  would_VM  require_VV0  the_AT1  skill_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  juggler_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  practised_JJ  fingers_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  pianist_NN  .  
  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  depends_VBZ  their_APP$  livelihood_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  prey_NN  they_PPHS2  catch_VV0  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  split_JJ  second_NN  slower_JJ  off_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  .  
  so_RR  gusty_JJ  winds_NNS  and_CC  unexpected_JJ  draughts_NNS  ,_,  freakish_JJ  ripples_NNS  and_CC  drenching_JJ  waves_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  darned_RR  annoying_JJ  while_CS  they_PPHS2  last_VV0  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  lasted_VVD  ,_,  off_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ,_,  for_IO  days_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  waves_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  fury_NN  spent_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  plashing_VBG  lazily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  tough_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  tried_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  has_VHZ  dwindled_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  breeze_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  white_JJ  horses_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  thin_JJ  white_JJ  line_NN  wherever_CS wave_NN  meets_VBZ  rock_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  shores_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  beyond_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  slow_JJ  heave_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  horizon_NN  which_DDQ  shows_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  away_RP  out_RP  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  fair_JJ  swell_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  running_VBG  ,_,  still_RR  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  deep_JJ  breathing_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  athlete_NN  resting_VBG  after_IO  his_APP$  exertions_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  time_NN  for_IO  normal_JJ  rhythm_NN  and_CC  speed_NN  to_TO  supervene_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  shallower_JJ  waters_NNS  near_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  gentlest_JJT  rise_NN  and_CC  fall_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  little_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  waders_NNS  resting_VBG  ,_,  preening_VBG  ,_,  bathing_VBG  ,_,  stretching_VBG  wings_NNS  and_CC  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  yawning_VBG    doing_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  jobs_NNS  there_EX  's_VHZ  been_VBN  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  dunlin_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  oystercatchers_NNS  seem_VV0  especially_RR  content_JJ  to_TO  laze_VV0  and_CC  just_RR  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  calm_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  storm_NN  .  
  turnstones_NNS  ,_,  restless_JJ  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  keep_VV0  wandering_VBG  about_RP  .  
  no_RR  sooner_RRR  does_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  run_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  ripples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  burn_NN  that_PNQS spreads_VBZ  across_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  ,_,  to_TO  bathe_VV0  ,_,  than_CS  others_DA2  tear_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  bathed_VBN  before_II  ,_,  not_XX  once_RR  but_CCB  ten_MC  times_NNS  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  half-hour_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  need_VV0  to_TO    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  like_IO  those_DD2  over-fussy_JJ  women_NNS  who_PNQS must_VM  be_VB0  forever_RR  cleaning_VBG  ,_,  cleaning_VBG  ,_,  cleaning_VBG  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  speck_NN  of_IO  dirt_NN  about_RP  that_PNQS a_AT1  man_NN  can_VM  see_VV0  .  
  and_CC  redshanks_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  ever_RR  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  chasing_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  about_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  spring_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  blood_NN  .  
  no_AT1  cock_NN  redshank_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  coral_JJ  legs_NNS  can_VM  bear_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  another_DD1  within_IO  twenty_MC  yards_NNS  of_IO  him_PPHO1  without_IO  running_VBG  to_TO  drive_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  fellow_NN  off_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  known_VBN  them_PPHO1  keep_VV0  this_DD1  rival-chasing_NN  up_RP  for_IO  hours_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  stretch_NN  when_CS the_AT1  chasee_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  or_CC  would_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  get_VV0  away_RP  :_:  no_AT1  wonder_NN  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  handle_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  redshanks_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  surprisingly_RR  thin_JJ  and_CC  scrawny_JJ  .  
  wagtails_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  trap_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  with_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  little_DA  time_NN  or_CC  opportunity_NN  since_CS  we_PPIS2  returned_VVD  home_NN1  to_TO  do_VD0  much_DA  trapping_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  our_APP$  leanest_JJT  spring_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  for_IO  ten_MC  busy_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  ,_,  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  digging_VBG  a_AT1  trench_NN  for_IO  some_DD  cuttings_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  wife_NN  looked_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  saw_VVD  half_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  pied_JJ  wagtails_NNS  fluttering_VBG  in_IO  or_CC  around_IO  the_AT1  Heligoland_NP  trap_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  before_IO  dusk_NN  and_CC  ,_,  all_RR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  this_DD1  small_JJ  party_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  using_VBG  the_AT1  willow_NN  bushes_NNS  beside_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  their_APP$  roost_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  slipped_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  caught_VVD  three_MC  :_:  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  silky-white_JJ  and_CC  ebony_NN  cock_NN  and_CC  two_MC  hens_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  adult_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  a_AT1  de*?2butante_NN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  more_DA  were_VBDR  flitting_VBG  around_RP  overhead_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  now_RL  know_VV0  them_PPHO1  if_CS  we_PPIS2  meet_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trap_NN  is_VBZ  kept_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  in_IO  case_NN  a_AT1  bird_NN  might_VM  find_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  in_RP  and_CC  get_VV0  imprisoned_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO    set_VV0    it_PPH1  again_RR  instantly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  resist_VV0  temptation_NN  .  
  one_MC1  such_DA  occasion_NN  happened_VVD  a_AT1  week_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ago_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  round_IO  its_APP$  mouth_NN  were_VBDR  teeming_VBG  with_IO  sparrows_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  long_RR  since_II  given_VBN  up_RP  ringing_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  house-sparrows_NNS  .  
  from_IO  well_RR  over_RR  800_MC  ringed_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  not_XX  had_VHN  a_AT1  single_JJ  recovery_NN  from_IO  beyond_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  radius_NN  !_!  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  starlings_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1  sparrows_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  many_DA  and_CC  often_RR  most_RG  interesting_JJ  records_NNS  )_)  and_CC  also_RR  ,_,  unless_CS  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  ears_NNS  were_VBDR  failing_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  tree-sparrows_NNS  .  
  design_NN  discussion_NN  .  
  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  editor_NN  extends_VBZ  some_DD  arguments_NNS  contained_VBN  in_IO  last_DA  month's_NN1$    showdown_NN    article_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  was_VBDZ  expressed_VBN  in_IO  motor_NN  sport_NN  last_DA  month_NN  that_CS  enthusiasts_NNS  who_PNQS know_VV0  about_IO  cars_NNS  and_CC  drive_VV0  them_PPHO1  far_RR  and_CC  fast_RR  should_VM  eschew_VV0    vintage_JJ    designs_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  by_IO  purchasing_VBG  modern_JJ  models_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  daily_JJ  motoring_NN  ,_,  set_VV0  an_AT1  example_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  car-buying_JJ  public_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  technical_JJ  items_NNS  as_IO  \0i.r.s_NN  ,_,  elimination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  propeller_NN  shaft_NN  ,_,  reduction_NN  of_IO  greasing_NN  points_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  leaving_VBG  out_RP  cars_NNS  with_IO  front-wheel-drive_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  independent_JJ  springing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  undriven_JJ  back_JB  wheels_NNS  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  (_(  or_CC  if_CS  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ignored_VBN  ,_,  merely_RR  means_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  light_JJ  axle_NN  beam_NN  is_VBZ  involved_VBN  )_)  and_CC  rear-engined_JJ  cars_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0i.r.s_NN  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  forced_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  designer_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  the_AT1  following_JJ  front-engined_JJ  /_CC  rear-drive_JB  cars_NNS  the_AT1  enlightened_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  independent_JJ  suspension_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  wheels_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  maximum_JJ  riding_NN  and_CC  cornering_NN  efficiency_NN  on_IO  rough_JJ  roads_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  judder_NN  and_CC  heelspin_NN  under_IO  acceleration_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  shortcoming_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  rigid_JJ  rear_JB  axles_NNS  are_VBR  prone_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  when_CS unlocated_JJ  and_CC  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  chassis_NN  by_IO  leaf-springs_NNS  :_:    **[list**]_&FO  .  
  those_DD2  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  cars_NNS  you_PPY  should_VM  go_VV0  for_IO  ,_,  unless_CS  you_PPY  decide_VV0  that_CS  divorcing_VBG  the_AT1  engine_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  driven_JJ  wheels_NNS  is_VBZ  ridiculous_JJ  and_CC  prefer_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  front-wheel-drive_NN  or_CC  rear-engine_JB  location_NN  .  
  personally_RR  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  satisfactory_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0B.M.C_NP  Ado15_&FO  and_CC  Ado50_&FO  designs_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  vote_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  .  
  Citroe"n_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  most_RG  advanced_JJ  car_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  had_VHN  driven_JJ  front_JB  wheels_NNS  for_IO  nearly_RR  30_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  ds_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  latest_JJT  ,_,  more_RG  powerful_JJ  form_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  fine_JJ  motor_NN  car_NN  indeed_RR  ;_;  if_CS  ever_RR  it_PPH1  gets_VBZ  the_AT1  air-cooled_JJ  flat-six_JB  engine_NN  which_DDQ  rumour_NN  says_VBZ  its_APP$  designer_NN  always_RR  intended_VVD  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  combine_VV0  in_IO  one_MC1  vehicle_NN  practically_RR  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  desirable_JJ  .  
  so_RR  enamoured_VBN  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  become_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  safety_NN  factors_NNS  inherent_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  front-wheel-driven_JJ  car_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  long_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS Alec_NP  Issigonis_NP  will_VM  trigger_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  next_DA  \0B.M.C_NP  offering_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  species_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Citroe"n_NP  designer_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  conventional_JJ  engine_NN  already_RR  in_IO  production_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  the_AT1  bulgy_JJ  bonnet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  torsion-bar-sprung_JJ  Morris_NP  Minor_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  protect_VV0  a_AT1  flat-four_JB  engine_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  Issigonis_NP  was_VBDZ  prevailed_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  use_VV0  an_AT1  existing_JJ  side-valve_NN  lump_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  when_CS the_AT1  car_NN  went_VVD  into_IO  production_NN  .  
  and_CC  while_CS  this_DD1  talented_JJ  designer_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  quite_RR  outstanding_JJ  genius_NN  in_IO  placing_VBG  another_DD1  production_NN  \0B.M.C_NP  engine_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  Mini_NP  to_TO  save_VV0  space_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  envelope_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  ,_,  at_IO  all_DB  event_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  dreams_NNS  ,_,  Issigonis_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  visualised_VBN  a_AT1  flat-four_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  swash-plate_JB  power_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  for_IO  these_DD2  brilliantly_RR  conceived_VBN  (_(  if_CS  less_RG  conscientiously_RR  assembled_VBN  )_)  little_JJ  cars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  this_DD1  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  Issigonis'_PPIO2  statement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  road_NN  &_CC  track_NN  that_CS  designing_VBG  new_JJ  engines_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  new_JJ  cars_NNS  is_VBZ  too_RG  big_JJ  an_AT1  undertaking_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  adopt_VV0  it_PPH1  .  .  
  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  whether_CS  \0B.M.C_NP  can_VM  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  success_NN  with_IO  larger_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Ado15_&FO  layout_NN  .  
  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  they_PPHS2  will_VM  ,_,  should_VM  their_APP$  future_JB  policy_NN  lie_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  direction_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  rumours_NNS  that_CS  nothing_PN1  larger_JJ  has_VHZ  followed_VBN  the_AT1  Minis_NP2  because_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  limit_NN  to_IO  how_CS much_DA  power_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  with_IO  \0f.w.d_NN  without_IO  an_AT1  excursion_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  realms_NNS  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  handling_NN  characteristics_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  theory_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  Cooper-Minis_NP2  go_VV0  some_DD  way_NN  towards_IO  refuting_VBG  and_CC  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  subscribe_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  Alec_NP  Issigonis_NP  ,_,  aided_VBN  by_IO  rubber-man_NN  Alex_NP  Moulton_NP  ,_,  cock_VV0  a_AT1  snoot_NN  at_IO  Citroe"n_NP  with_IO  ,_,  say_UH  ,_,  a_AT1  big_JJ  trans-engine_NN  \0f.w.d_NN  car_NN  powered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  3-litre_JB  6-cylinder_JB  \0B.M.C_NP  engine_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  whether_CS  a_AT1  longer_JJ  engine_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  without_IO  seriously_RR  restricting_VBG  the_AT1  steering_NN  lock_NN  is_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  conjecture_NN  .  
  whether_CS  your_APP$  choice_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  front-drive_NN  ,_,  rear-engine_JB  or_CC  divorced_JJ  power_NN  unit_NN  and_CC  axle_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  all-round_JB  independent_JJ  suspension_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  great_JJ  variety_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  approach_NN  of_IO  1962_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  amused_VBN  recently_RR  to_TO  read_VV0  in_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Montagu's_PPIO2  entertaining_JJ  journal_NN  the_AT1  veteran_NN  and_CC  vintage_JJ  magazine_NN  the_AT1  statement_NN  that_CS  in_IO  1898_MC    motor_NN  car_NN  design_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  flux_NN  :_:  engines_NNS  were_VBDR  placed_VBN  in_IO  front_NN  ,_,  amidships_RR  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  ;_;  some_DD  were_VBDR  horizontal_JJ  ,_,  others_DA2  vertical_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1    the_AT1  Clement-Panhard_NP    was_VBDZ  slightly_RR  inclined_VBN  .    
  the_AT1  position_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  very_RG  different_JJ  over_RR  sixty_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  and_CC  inclination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  to_TO  secure_VV0  a_AT1  low_JJ  bonnet_NN  line_NN  ,_,  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  Mercedes-Benz_NP  300SL_&FO  ,_,  \0B.M.W_NP  1500_MC  ,_,  Chrysler_NP  Valiant_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Peugeot_NP  404_MC  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  (_(  or_CC  a_AT1  compact_JJ  boot_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rear-engined_JJ  Simca_NP  1000_MC  )_)  has_VHZ  extended_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  underfloor_NN  engines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0VW_NP  1500_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Fiat_NP  500_MC  Giardiniera_NP  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  engine_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  turned_VBN  on_IO  its_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  data_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  page_NN  show_VV0  that_CS  cylinder_NN  disposition_NN  has_VHZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  reached_VBN  standardisation_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  \0N.S.U_NP  have_VH0  their_APP$  Wankel_NP  rotary_JJ  engine_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  extremely_RR  compact_JJ  power_NN  unit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  near-future_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Rover_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  are_VBR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  gas-turbine_NN  will_VM  eventually_RR  have_VH0  its_APP$  day_NN  .  
  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  engine_NN  design_NN  not_XX  yet_RR  exploited_VBN  by_IO  British_JJ  designers_NNS  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  smoothing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  4-cylinder_JB  power_NN  unit_NN  and_CC  improving_VBG  its_APP$  durability_NN  by_IO  providing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  five_MC  crankshaft_NN  bearings_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  adopted_VBN  by_IO  Alpha_NP  Romeo_NP  ,_,  \0B.M.W_NP  ,_,  Chevy_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Facellia_NP  ,_,  Goggomobil_NP  ,_,  Simca_NP  and_CC  Volvo_NP  .  
  considerable_JJ  attention_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  paid_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  chassis_NN  greasing_NN  points_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  Rover_NP  is_VBZ  frequently_RR  named_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  notable_JJ  pioneer_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Triumph_NP  Herald_NP  is_VBZ  all_RR  too_RG  often_RR  ignored_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  quickly_RR  serviced_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  reduction_NN  of_IO  greasing_NN  nipples_NNS  Fiat_NP  and_CC  \0N.S.U_NP  on_IO  their_APP$  smallest_JJT  models_NNS  do_VD0  rather_RR  better_RRR  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  \0D.A.F_NP  from_IO  Holland_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  front-drive_JB  Renault_NP  R4_ZZ1  from_IO  France_NP  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  eliminated_VBN  greasing_NN  points_NNS  entirely_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  Vauxhall_NP  and_CC  Rootes_NP  have_VH0  made_VBN  very_RG  considerable_JJ  progress_NN  in_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  periods_NNS  between_IO  or_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  servicing_NN  necessary_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  America_NP  Oldsmobile_NP  ,_,  Ford_NP  ,_,  Mercury_NP  ,_,  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  Plymouth_NP  ,_,  Dodge_NP  and_CC  Chrysler_NP  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  pre-lubricated_JJ  chassis_NN  bearings_NNS  that_PNQS postpone_VV0  replenishment_NN  until_CS  30,000_MC  miles_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  run_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  oil_NN  changes_NNS  recommended_VBN  after_IO  6,000_MC  miles_NNS  and_CC  cooling_NN  systems_NNS  intended_VBN  to_TO  hold_VV0  their_APP$  water_NN  for_IO  some_DD  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  tedium_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  servicing_NN  routine_NN  .  
  so_RG  much_DA  interest_NN  attaches_VBZ  to_IO  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  car_NN  ownership_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS service_NN  stations_NNS  are_VBR  frequently_RR  overcrowded_JJ  and_CC  inefficient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS home-mechanics_NNS  probably_RR  prefer_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  their_APP$  hours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  tuning_VBG  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX    souping_VBG  ,_,    their_APP$  engines_NNS  to_IO  grovelling_VBG  about_RP  under_IO  their_APP$  cars_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  grease-gun_NN  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  append_VV0  a_AT1  table_NN  showing_VBG  how_CS a_AT1  representative_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  cars_NNS  requires_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  greased_VBN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  disinterested_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  relieve_VV0  servicing_NN  tasks_NNS  stand_VV0  out_RP  like_IO  sheep_NNS    black_JJ  sheep_NNS  ,_,  as_RG  black_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  owners_NNS  or_CC  mechanics_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  grease_VV0  these_DD2  cars_NNS  !_!  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  propeller_NN  shaft_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  anachronism_NN  is_VBZ  emphasised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  of_IO  only_RR  three_MC  grease_NN  nipples_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Hillman_NP  super_JJ  Minx_NP  and_CC  four_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  Singer_NP  Gazelle_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  and_CC  two_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  propeller_NN  shaft_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Rover_NP  have_VH0  successfully_RR  rid_VBN  themselves_PPX2  of_IO  every_AT1  nipple_NN  save_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  again_RR    on_IO  the_AT1  propeller_NN  shaft_NN  .    
  \0W_NP  \0B_NP  .  
  veteran_NN    Edwardian_JJ    vintage_NN  .  
  a_AT1  section_NN  devoted_VBN  to_IO  old-car_JB  matters_NNS  .  
  \0V.S.C.C_NP  Silverstone_NP  race_NN  meeting_NN  (_(  July_NN1  22nd_MD  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  enjoyable_JJ  fixtures_NNS  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  overcast_JJ  but_CCB  dry_JJ  weather_NN  and_CC  attracted_VVD  the_AT1  usual_JJ  delightfully_RR  varied_JJ  entry_NN  ,_,  although_CS  few_DA    new_JJ    old_JJ  cars_NNS  appeared_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  programme_NN  commenced_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  inter-team_JB  relay_NN  race_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  contested_VBN  between_IO  14_MC  one-make_JB  teams_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  team_NN  of_IO  Edwardians_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  race_NN  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  jubilation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Amilcar_NP  six_MC  pit_NN  indicated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Tozer_NP  ,_,  Harding_NP  ,_,  Lyne_NP  team_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  fine_JJ  little_JJ  supercharged_JJ  cars_NNS  had_VHD  won_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  Frazer_NP  Nash_NP  teams_NNS  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  modern_JJ  Weber_NP  carburetters_NNS  ,_,  Riseley's_PPIO2  1931_MC  Aston_NP  Martin_NP  retired_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  Austin_NP  seven_MC  team_NN  comprised_VVD  Nippy_NP  ,_,  Ulster_NP  and_CC  Chummy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  had_VHD  even_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  complete_JJ  team_NN  of_IO  three_MC  Gwynne_NP  eights_MC2  and_CC  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  they_PPHS2  numbered_VVD  a_AT1  Wolseley_NP  gearbox_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  stubby_JJ  right-hand_JB  gear-lever_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  long_JJ  central_JJ  lever_NN  ,_,  sure_JJ  sign_NN  that_CS  standardisation_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  word_NN  unknown_JJ  in_IO  vintage_JJ  circles_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  first_MD  5-lap_JB  handicap_NN  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  lap_NN  by_IO  Brogden's_PPIO2  2-seater_JB  3-litre_JB  Bentley_NP  ,_,  Williamson's_PPIO2  2-seater_JB  3-litre_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  make_NN  also_RR  passing_VBG  Rowe's_PPIO2  Ulster_NP  Austin_NP  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  front_NN  for_IO  three_MC  laps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  close_RR  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  Bentley_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  finish_NN  .  
  another_DD1  5-lap_JB  handicap_NN  followed_VVD  ,_,  which_DDQ  incorporated_VVD  the_AT1  light_JJ  car_NN  handicap_NN  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  fry_NNS  were_VBDR  overtaken_VBN  by_IO  Beavis'_PPIO2  rather_RR  nondescript_JJ  1928_MC  Riley_NP  nine_MC  after_IO  three_MC  laps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Blyth's_PPIO2  Austin_NP  ,_,  with_IO  Boyd_NP  Carpenter_NP  long-tail_JB  body_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  in_IO  second_RR  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  Smith's_PPIO2  Gwynne_NP  eight_MC  ,_,  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  light_JJ  cars_NNS  .  
  Abrahams'_PPIO2  racing_JJ  Singer_NP  junior_JJ  went_VVD  well_RR  into_IO  fourth_MD  place_NN  .  
  Elsworthy_NP  ran_VVD  a_AT1  1930_MC  M-type_JB  \0M.G_NP  Midget_NP  in_IO  original_JJ  body_NN  trim_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  drove_VVD  to_IO  Becketts_NP  Corner_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS Ronald_NP  Barker_NP  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  in_IO  Sedgwick's_PPIO2  open_JJ  speed_NN  six_MC  Bentley_NP  ,_,  Sedgwick_NP  having_VHG  driven_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  continental_JJ  Bentleys_NP2  dating_VBG  from_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  while_CS  a_AT1  Voisin_NP  was_VBDZ  circulating_VBG  as_IO  temporary_JJ  course_NN  car_NN    variety_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  these_DD2  \0V.S.C.C_NP  days_NNS  so_RG  enjoyable_JJ  .  
  faster_JJ  stuff_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  yet_RR  another_DD1  5-lap_JB  handicap_NN  ,_,  Bergel's_PPIO2  2.3_MC  Bugatti_NP  going_VBG  very_RG  nicely_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  popular_JJ  victory_NN  from_IO  Michelsen's_PPIO2  \0i.f.s_NN  Frazer_NP  Nash_NP    Patience_NP  ,_,    Edwards'_PPIO2  big_JJ  Lagonda_NP  third_MD  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  mis-fire_VV0  ,_,  Gahagan's_PPIO2  scratch_NN  2-litre_JB  \0E.R.A_NP  lapped_VVD  at_IO  72.75_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  mixed_JJ  bag_NN  from_IO  1908_MC  to_IO  1936_MC  contested_VVD  the_AT1  fourth_MD  5-lap_JB  handicap_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  splendid_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  Clutton's_PPIO2  great_JJ  12-litre_JB  Itala_NP  quite_RR  undismayed_JJ  by_IO  front-braked_JJ    moderns_NNS  ,_,    so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  came_VVD  home_NN1  a_AT1  thunderous_JJ  second_NN  behind_IO  Cook's_PPIO2  little_JJ  Ulster_NP  Austin_NP  ,_,  making_VBG  fastest_JJT  lap_NN  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  bargain_NN  ,_,  at_IO  61.2_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  .  
  third_MD  place_NN  was_VBDZ  secured_VBN  by_IO  Marsh's_NNL1  Austin_NP  .  
  poor_JJ  Liston-Young_NP  could_VM  get_VV0  nowhere_RR  from_IO  scratch_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  Fiat_NP  Balilla_NP  and_CC  space_NN  helmet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Zeuner_NP  ,_,  holding_VBG  his_APP$  Brescia_NP  Bugatti's_PPIO2  gear-lever_NN  in_IO  gear_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  lapped_VBN  by_IO  Cook_NP  .  
  Kain_NP  drove_VVD  a_AT1  neat_JJ  type_NN  40_MC  Bugatti_NP  .  
  so_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  meeting_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  50-\0km_JB  Boulogne_NP  trophy_NN  scratch_NN  race_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  event_NN  .  
  Margulies_NP  built_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  growing_JJ  lead_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  3-litre_JB  Maserati_NP  ,_,  Hull's_PPIO2  2-litre_JB  \0E.R.A_NP  second_RR  ,_,  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  Peter_NP  Lindsay_NP  and_CC  Murray_NP  in_IO  their_APP$  1_MC1  1/2-litre_JB  \0E.R.A.s_NP2  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  race_NN  settled_VVD  down_RP  Murray's_PPIO2  green_JJ  \0E.R.A_NP  fell_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  Margulies_NP  ,_,  Hull_NP  and_CC  Lindsay_NP  were_VBDR  out_RP  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  \0E.R.A.s_NP2  of_IO  Waller_NP  and_CC  Brown_NP  .  
  then_RL  on_IO  lap_NN  nine_MC  the_AT1  big_JJ  Maserati_NP  retired_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  Waller_NP  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  order_NN  was_VBDZ  Hull_NP  ,_,  Lindsay_NP  ,_,  Brown_NP  ,_,  Gahagan_NP  and_CC  Murray_NP  ,_,  all_DB  in_IO  \0E.R.A.s_NP2  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  Mudd's_PPIO2  Maserati_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  although_CS  mis-firing_VBG  ,_,  was_VBDZ  keeping_VBG  ahead_RR  of_IO  Husband's_PPIO2  blown_JJ  Talbot_NP  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  Goodhew's_PPIO2  \0E.R.A.-Delage_NP  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  Cottam's_PPIO2  \0E.R.A_NP  was_VBDZ  pursuing_VBG  this_DD1  group_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  McDonald's_PPIO2  4_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Bentley_NP  that_PNQS eventually_RR  took_VVD  the_AT1  vintage_JJ  award_NN  .  
  Lindsay_NP  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG    Remus_NP    with_IO  real_JJ  fire_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lap_NN  later_RRR  passed_VVD  Hull_NP  .  
  Gahagan_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  round_RP  fast_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  2-litre_JB  \0E.R.A_NP  ,_,  with_IO  occasional_JJ  glances_NNS  at_IO  his_APP$  off-side_JB  rear_JB  wheel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  lap_NN  13_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  third_MD  ,_,  having_VHG  passed_VBN  Brown_NP  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  as_CS  a_AT1  fast_JJ  ,_,  eventful_JJ  race_NN  ran_VVD  its_APP$  course_NN  Mudd_NP  got_VVD  ahead_RR  of_IO  Murray_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0s_JB  /_JJB"  \0c_JJB"  Talbot_NP  continuing_VBG  to_TO  hold_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  \0E.R.A.-Delage_NP    how_CS unpredictable_JJ  vintage_JJ  racing_NN  is_VBZ  !_!  
  Margulies_NP  lapped_VVD  fastest_RBT  ,_,  at_IO  80.62_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  ,_,  before_IO  retiring_VBG  .  .  
  unfortunately_RR  Philip_NP  Mann's_PPIO2  1922_MC  Strasbourg_NP  Sunbeam_NP  had_VHD  suffered_VBN  a_AT1  serious_JJ  fracture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cylinder_NN  block_NN  in_IO  practice_NN  and_CC  spent_VVD  the_AT1  race_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  trailer_NN  behind_IO  a_AT1  Land_NP  Rover_NP  .  
  the_AT1  races_NNS  now_RL  reverted_VBN  to_IO  5-lappers_NNS  ,_,  Begley's_PPIO2  Frazer_NP  Nash_NP  shaking_VBG  off_RP  Holford's_PPIO2  Singer_NP  nine_MC  and_CC  Harris'_PPIO2  Austin_NP  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  fifth_MD  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  Michael_NP  ,_,  sawing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  lowered_JJ  ,_,  ex-Goodhew_JB  4_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Lagonda_NP  ,_,  made_VVD  fastest_JJT  lap_NN  ,_,  at_IO  68.1_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  .  
  Hull_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  often_RR  does_VBZ  in_IO  short_JJ  races_NNS  ,_,  won_VVD  the_AT1  scratch_NN  event_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Day_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  \0E.R.A_NP  sounded_VVD  off_IO  form_NN  ,_,  Waller_NP  third_MD  ,_,  Gahagan_NP  fourth_MD  ,_,  after_CS  Lindsay_NP  started_VVD  badly_RR  and_CC  fell_VVD  back_RP  after_IO  a_AT1  spin_NN  .  
  Hull_NP  lapped_VVD  at_IO  78.23_MC  \0m.p.h_NNU  .  
  Bradley's_PPIO2  well-known_JJ  4_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Bentley_NP  won_VVD  another_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  handicaps_NNS  from_IO  Morton's_PPIO2  very_RG  fierce_JJ  3-carburetter_JB  4_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Bentley_NP  and_CC  Morley's_PPIO2  drastically_RR  lowered_VBN  4_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Bentley_NP  with_IO  straight-tooth_JB  back_NN  axle_NN  and_CC  castors_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  front_JB  wheels_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  classes_NNS  going_VBG  to_IO  Heap's_PPIO2  Riley_NP  ,_,  Ashley's_PPIO2  very_RG  rapid_JJ  Frazer_NP  Nash_NP  and_CC  Footitt's_PPIO2  so_RG  very_RG  worthwhile_JJ  \0A.C.-G.N_NP  .  
  telefight_NN  news_NN  .  
  by_IO  Ron_NP  Olver_NP  .  
  Walker_NP  and_CC  Pollard_NP  \0TV_NN  heroes_NNS  .  
  being_VBG  on_IO  \0TV_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  do_VD0  the_AT1  London_NP  amateurs_NNS  much_DA  good_NN  against_IO  south_NN1  Poland_NP  ,_,  did_VDD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  score_NN  was_VBDZ  3-1_MC-MC  in_IO  our_APP$  favour_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  came_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  but_CCB  then_RL  it_PPH1  became_VVD  3-4_MC-MC  ,_,  only_RR  for_IO  heavyweight_NN  Billy_NP  Walker_NP  to_TO  level_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  bout_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  inside_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  Billy_NP  revealed_VVD  his_APP$  potential_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  best_JJT  heavyweight_NN  bets_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  representative_JJ  match_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  televised_VBN  from_IO  London_NP  this_DD1  season_NN  ,_,  and_CC  contained_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  usual_JJ  controversies_NNS  over_IO  decisions_NNS  and_CC  refereeing_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  \0TV_NN  sessions_NNS  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  disputed_JJ  verdicts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  judge_VV0  through_IO  this_DD1  medium_NN  Johnny_NP  Caiger_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  trifle_NN  unlucky_JJ  and_CC  Dennis_NP  Pollard_NP  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  terrific_JJ  performance_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  beaten_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  man_NN  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  refereeing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Polish_JJ  official_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  exchanges_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  pretext_NN  when_CS the_AT1  action_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  exciting_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  most_RG  frustrating_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  boxers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  just_RR  as_RG  annoying_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  spectators_NNS  .  
  rules_NNS  are_VBR  rules_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  important_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  fussy_JJ  referee_NN  can_VM  ruin_VV0  a_AT1  bout_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  southpaws_NNS  galore_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Polish_JJ  team_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  three_MC  on_IO  \0TV_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  there_EX  were_VBDR  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  more_DA  .  
  their_APP$  national_JJ  team_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  re-building_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  accent_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  on_IO  youth_NN  .  
  best_JJT  boxer_NN  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  that_CS  Pietrzykowski_NP  ,_,  veteran_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  boxer_NN  on_IO  view_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  60-minute_JB  \0TV_NN  session_NN  .  
  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  included_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  year's_NN1$  European_JJ  championships_NNS  .  
  why_CS not_XX  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  Polish_JJ  coach_NN  Felix_NP  Stam_NP  ,_,  referring_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  omission_NN  of_IO  such_DA  stars_NNS  as_IO  Pietrzykowski_NP  ,_,  Adamski_NP  ,_,  Drogosz_NP  and_CC  Pazdior_NP  in_IO  Belgrade_NP  ,_,  declared_VVD    
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  old_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  use_NN  keeping_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  team_NN  just_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  winning_VBG  here_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  preparing_VBG  for_IO  1964_MC  (_(  the_AT1  Olympic_JJ  games_NNS  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  use_NN  starting_VBG  to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  1963_MC  .    
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  common_JJ  sense_NN  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  Pietrzykowski_NP  (_(  why_CS was_VBDZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  called_VVD    Smith_NP    )_)  is_VBZ  still_RR  boxing_VBG  well_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  32_MC  in_IO  1964_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  Archie_NP  Moore_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  ability_NN  ,_,  not_XX  your_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS counts_VBZ  .    
  Poland_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  fine_JJ  run_NN  of_IO  successes_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1959_MC  European_JJ  championships_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  three_MC  gold_NN  medals_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  firm_NN  of_IO  Drogosz_NP  ,_,  Adamski_NP  and_CC  Pietrzykowski_NP  .  
  also_RR  silver_JJ  medals_NNS  through_IO  Dampe_NP  and_CC  Walasek_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  through_IO  Jedrzewski_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Olympics_NP2  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  lightweight_NN  Pazdior_NP  won_VVD  a_AT1  gold_NN  medal_NN  ;_;  Adamski_NP  ,_,  Walasek_NP  and_CC  Pietrzykowski_NP  gained_VVD  silver_JJ  medals_NNS  ;_;  Bendig_NP  ,_,  Kasprzyk_NP  and_CC  Drogosz_NP  won_VVD  bronze_JJ  medals_NNS  .  
  so_RR  to_IO  this_DD1  year's_NN1$  European_JJ  championships_NNS  ,_,  when_CS Poland_NP  omitted_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  stars_NNS  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  younger_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  do_VD0  at_IO  all_DB  badly_RR  .  
  Walasek_NP  won_VVD  a_AT1  gold_NN  medal_NN  ,_,  Gutman_NP  was_VBDZ  bantam_NN  finalist_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  outpointed_VVD  Johnny_NP  Head_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  featherweight_NN  bout_NN  last_DA  week_NN  )_)  and_CC  three_MC  boxers_NNS  reached_VVD  the_AT1  semi-finals_NNS  ,_,  Kasprzyk_NP  ,_,  Jozefowicz_NP  and_CC  Gugniewicz_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  iron_NN  curtain_NN  countries_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  their_APP$  lads_NNS  together_RR  as_IO    amateurs_NNS    throughout_IO  their_APP$  careers_NNS  .  
  how_CS can_VM  Britain_NP  think_VV0  about_IO  building_VBG  a_AT1  team_NN  for_IO  1964_MC  when_CS the_AT1  stars_NNS  invariably_RR  turn_VV0  professional_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  only_RR  has_VHZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  Britain's_PPIO2  team_NN  in_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  Olympics_NP2  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  since_II  turned_VBN  pro_NN  are_VBR  flyweight_NN  Danny_NP  Lee_NP  ,_,  featherweight_NN  Phil_NP  Lundgren_NP  ,_,  light-welter_NN  Bobby_NP  Kelsey_NP  ,_,  light-middle_NN  Willie_NP  Fisher_NP  and_CC  cruiser_NN  Johnny_NP  Ould_NP  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  comes_VBZ  the_AT1  news_NN  that_CS  Frankie_NP  Taylor_NP  is_VBZ  turning_VBG  pro_NN  shortly_RR  .  
  heavyweight_NN  Dave_NP  Thomas_NP  and_CC  middle_NN  Roy_NP  Addison_NP  have_VH0  retired_VBN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  only_RR  Dick_NP  McTaggart_NP  and_CC  Jim_NP  Lloyd_NP  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  like_IO  almost_RR  a_AT1  complete_JJ  new_JJ  British_JJ  team_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  1964_MC  games_NNS  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  iron_NN  curtain_NN  countries_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  call_VV0  upon_IO  their_APP$  established_JJ  stars_NNS  as_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  best_JJT  men_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  is_VBZ  Billy_NP  Walker_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  bet_VV0  that_CS  Billy_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  professional_NN  long_RR  before_IO  then_RL  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  can_VM  blame_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  will_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS looks_VBZ  like_IO  going_VBG  places_NNS  is_VBZ  cruiserweight_NN  Dennis_NP  Pollard_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS fought_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  tiger_NN  against_IO  Pietrzykowski_NP  .  
  Dennis_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  will_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  representative_JJ  matches_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  bothered_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  opponent's_NN1$  reputation_NN    simply_RR  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  ,_,  and_CC  kept_VVD  attacking_VBG  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  the_AT1  crowd_NN  rose_VVD  to_IO  Pollard_NP  and_CC  on_IO  that_DD1  form_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  assuredly_RR  have_VH0  beaten_VBN  anyone_PN1  less_RG  experienced_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  triple_JJ  European_JJ  champion_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  now_RL  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Great_NP  Britain_NP  \0v_IO  America_NP  match_NN  ,_,  part_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  televised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  next_DA  Thursday_NN1  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  Walker_NP  and_CC  Pollard_NP  in_IO  action_NN  again_RR  then_RL  .  
  tomorrow's_NP1  grandstand_NN  bout_NN  features_VBZ  Sugar_NP  Ray_NP  Robinson_NP  against_IO  Denny_NP  Moyer_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  Robinson_NP  won_VVD  on_IO  points_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  nothing_PN1  that_CS  the_AT1  average_JJ  fight_NN  fan_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  about_IO  Robinson_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  details_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  chequered_JJ  career_NN  .  
  Sugar_NP  Ray_NP  Robinson_NP  .  
  born_VBN  Detroit_NP  May_NN1  3_MC  ,_,  1920_MC  .  
  turned_VVD  pro_NN  in_IO  1940_MC  ,_,  gaining_VBG  40_MC  straight_JJ  wins_NNS  before_IO  losing_VBG  to_IO  Jake_NP  LaMotta_NP  in_IO  1943_MC  .  
  signed_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  Marty_NP  Servo_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  welter_NN  crown_NN  on_IO  August_NN1  10_MC  ,_,  1946_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  bout_NN  was_VBDZ  twice_RR  postponed_VBN  and_CC  eventually_RR  Servo_NP  retired_VVD  .  
  Robinson_NP  was_VBDZ  then_RL  matched_VBN  with_IO  Tommy_NP  Bell_NP  ,_,  and_CC  won_VVD  on_IO  points_NNS  on_IO  December_NN1  20_MC  ,_,  1946_MC  .  
  on_IO  February_NN1  14_MC  ,_,  1951_MC  ,_,  Robinson_NP  kayoed_VVD  Jake_NP  LaMotta_NP  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  middleweight_NN  crown_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gave_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  welter_NN  title_NN  .  
  Ray_NP  lost_VVD  the_AT1  middleweight_NN  championship_NN  to_IO  Randolph_NP  Turpin_NP  in_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  regained_VVD  it_PPH1  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  .  
  in_IO  1952_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  kayoed_VBN  by_IO  Joey_NP  Maxim_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  world's_NN1$  cruiserweight_NN  title_NN  bout_NN  ,_,  and_CC  announced_VVD  his_APP$  retirement_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ring_NN  in_IO  December_NN1  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  .  
  came_VVD  back_RP  in_IO  1955_MC  and_CC  won_VVD  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  middleweight_NN  title_NN  from_IO  Carl_NP  Olson_NP  .  
  successfully_RR  defended_VVD  it_PPH1  against_IO  Olson_NP  in_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  lost_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Gene_NP  Fullmer_NP  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  regaining_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  .  
  lost_VVD  to_IO  Carmen_NP  Basilio_NP  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  regaining_VBG  it_PPH1  from_IO  Basilio_NP  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  lost_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Paul_NP  Pender_NP  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  beaten_VBN  again_RR  by_IO  Pender_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  had_VHN  two_MC  shots_NNS  at_IO  Gene_NP  Fullmer's_PPIO2  \0NBA_NP  crown_NN  ,_,  in_IO  1960_MC  (_(  a_AT1  draw_NN  )_)  and_CC  last_DA  March_NN1  (_(  lost_VBN  on_IO  points_NNS  )_)  .  
  only_DA  previous_JJ  bouts_NNS  this_DD1  year_NN    lost_VVD  to_IO  Fullmer_NP  and_CC  outpointed_VVD  Wilf_NP  Greaves_NP  .  
  overall_JB  record_NN  .  
  bouts_NNS  158_MC  ,_,  won_VVD  145_MC  ,_,  drawn_VBN  3_MC  ,_,  lost_VVD  9_MC  ,_,  no_AT1  decision_NN  1_MC1  .  
  Denny_NP  Moyer_NP  .  
  born_VBN  Portland_NP  August_NN1  8_MC  ,_,  1939_MC  .  
  French-Irish_JJ  parentage_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  amateur_NN  won_VVD  the_AT1  American_JJ  \0AAU_NP  welter_NN  title_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  .  
  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  fighting_JJ  family_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  Harry_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pro_NN  ,_,  brother_NN  Phil_NP  turned_VVD  pro_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  date_NN  as_IO  Denny_NP  August_NN1  17_MC  ,_,  1957_MC  .  
  Uncle_NNSB1  Tommy_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  amateur_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  promoter_NN  in_IO  Portland_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  staged_VBN  many_DA  of_IO  Denny's_PPIO2  fights_NNS  .  
  won_VVD  20_MC  straight_JJ  bouts_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  was_VBDZ  matched_VBN  with_IO  Don_NP  Jordan_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  latter's_$  world_NN  welter_NN  crown_NN  .  
  lost_VVD  on_IO  points_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  home-town_NN  .  
  bout_NN  was_VBDZ  promoted_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  uncle_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  beaten_VBN  many_DA  notable_JJ  fighters_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  former_DA  world's_NN1$  champions_NNS  Paddy_NP  DeMarco_NP  ,_,  Tony_NP  DeMarco_NP  ,_,  Virgil_NP  Akins_NP  ,_,  Johnny_NP  Saxton_NP  and_CC  Emile_NP  Griffith_NP  .  
  has_VHZ  also_RR  defeated_VBN  the_AT1  present_JJ  world's_NN1$  welter_NN  champ_NN  Benny_NP  Paret_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  middleweight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  rated_VBN  by_IO  boxing_NN  news_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  \0no_NN  10_MC  .  
  Robinson_NP  holds_VBZ  down_RP  the_AT1  \0no_NN  4_MC  spot_NN  .  
  this_DD1  year's_NN1$  record_NN    outpointed_VVD  Willie_NP  Morton_NP  ,_,  Charley_NP  Scott_NP  and_CC  Dulio_NP  Nunez_NP  .  
  outpointed_VBN  by_IO  Jorge_NP  Fernandez_NP  and_CC  Nunez_NP  .  
  overall_JB  record_NN  .  
  bouts_NNS  35_MC  ,_,  won_VVD  29_MC  ,_,  lost_VVD  6_MC  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  watch_VV0  Sportsview_NP  next_DA  Wednesday_NN1  for_IO  film_NN  coverage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  John_NP  Caldwell-Alphonse_NP  Halimi_NP  world's_NN1$  bantam_NN  title_NN  fight_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  running_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  contest_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  next_DA  Tuesday_NN1  evening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_JJ  programme_NN  .  
  next_DA  live_JJ  pro_NN  item_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  Maurice_NP  Cullen-Guy_NP  Gracia_NP  bout_NN  from_IO  Newcastle_NP  on_IO  November_NN1  13_MC  .  
  next_RR  for_IO  grandstand_NN  :_:  
  \0Oct_NN1  28_MC  Sugar_NP  Ray_NP  Robinson_NP  \0v_IO  Denny_NP  Moyer_NP  .  
  \0Nov_NN1  4_MC  Teddy_NP  Wright_NP  \0v_IO  Farid_NP  Salim_NP  .  
  \0Nov_NN1  11_MC  Alejandro_NP  Lavorante_NP  \0v_IO  Billy_NP  Hunter_NP  .  
  \0Nov_NN1  18_MC  Carlos_NP  Ortiz_NP  \0v_IO  Paolo_NP  Rosi_NP  .  
  sports_NNS  editor_NN  Laurie_NP  Higgins_NP  and_CC  schools_NNS  \0ABA_NP  Secretary_NNSB1  Pat_NP  Martin_NP  combine_VV0  on_IO  October_NN1  30_MC  for_IO  another_DD1  of_IO  \0ITA's_PPIO2  interesting_JJ  boxing_NN  instructional_JJ  series_NN  in_IO    seeing_VBG  sport_NN    .  
  Brown_NP  keeps_VBZ  title_NN  .  
  champion_NN  floors_VBZ  Somodio_NP  twice_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  unanimous_JJ  verdict_NN  .  
  Joe_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  35-year-old_JB  American_JJ  holder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  lightweight_NN  crown_NN  ,_,  kept_VVD  his_APP$  title_NN  at_IO  Quezon_NP  City_NNL1  ,_,  Manila_NP  ,_,  last_DA  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  easy_JJ  points_NNS  verdict_NN  over_IO  15_MC  rounds_NNS  against_IO  Filipino_NN1  Bert_NP  Somodio_NP  .  
  Brown_NP  floored_VVD  his_APP$  man_NN  twice_RR  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  no-count_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  and_CC  for_IO    nine_MC    in_IO  the_AT1  eleventh_MD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  unanimous_JJ  decision_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  Brown's_PPIO2  tenth_MD  successful_JJ  title_NN  defence_NN  .  
  a_AT1  capacity_NN  crowd_NN  of_IO  around_RR  30,000_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  Areneta_NP  coliseum_NN  gave_VVD  their_APP$  local_JJ  favourite_NN  Somodio_NP  plenty_NN  of_IO  vocal_JJ  support_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  although_CS  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  well_RR  and_CC  put_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  good_JJ  finish_NN  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  of_IO  Brown's_PPIO2  superiority_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  very_RG  little_DA  positive_JJ  action_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  four_MC  rounds_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  Brown_NP  content_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  his_APP$  opponent_NN  force_VV0  the_AT1  pace_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  ,_,  particularly_RR  ,_,  Somodio_NP  scored_VVD  with_IO  hard_JJ  rights_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  mid-section_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  champ_NN  decided_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  enough_DD  about_IO  his_APP$  man_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  offensive_NN  ,_,  and_CC  opened_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  two-handed_JJ  attacks_NNS  ,_,  culminating_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  right_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  jaw_NN  that_PNQS put_VVD  Somodio_NP  down_RP  on_IO  one_MC1  knee_NN  .  
  the_AT1  27-year-old_JB  Filipino_NN1  got_VVD  up_RP  immediately_RR  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  shaken_VBN  .  
  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  seventh_MD  Brown_NP  again_RR  shook_VVD  his_APP$  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  right_JJ  cross_NN  and_CC  opened_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  cut_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  opponent's_NN1$  left_JJ  eye_NN  .  
  Brown_NP  kept_VVD  on_IO  top_NN  with_IO  clever_JJ  boxing_NN  and_CC  ringcraft_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  eleventh_MD  caught_VVD  Somodio_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  right-left_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  paw_NN  that_PNQS put_VVD  him_PPHO1  down_RP  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  had_VHD  its_APP$  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Filipino_NN1  ,_,  who_PNQS slowed_VVD  considerably_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  rounds_NNS  .  
  Brown_NP  used_VVD  his_APP$  full_JJ  repertoire_NN  of_IO  punches_NNS  ,_,  jabbing_VBG  and_CC  uppercutting_VBG  to_IO  good_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  well_RR  on_IO  top_NN  now_RL  .  
  Somodio_NP  went_VVD  down_RP  slowly_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  delayed-action_JB  fall_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  several_DA  backward_JJ  steps_NNS  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  canvas_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  ropes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  somehow_RR  he_PPHO1  struggled_VVD  up_RP  at_IO    nine_MC  ,_,    although_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  fight_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  Filipino_NN1  tried_VVD  hard_RR  to_TO  put_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  storming_JJ  finish_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  attacks_NNS  were_VBDR  nearly_RR  all_DB  neatly_RR  countered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  clever_JJ  champion_NN  .  
  both_DB2  men_NNS  received_VVD  a_AT1  fine_JJ  ovation_NN  from_IO  an_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  crowd_NN  .  
  Brown_NP  has_VHZ  held_VBN  his_APP$  crown_NN  since_IO  August_NN1  1956_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  outpointed_VVD  Wallace_NP    Bud_NP    Smith_NP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  still_RR  seem_VBZ  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  Carlos_NP  Ortiz_NP  ,_,  one-time_JB  winner_NN  over_IO  Dave_NP  Charnley_NP  ,_,  and_CC  like_VV0  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  a_AT1  leading_JJ  contender_NN  for_IO  Joe's_PPIO2  title_NN  .  
  big_JJ  chance_NN  for_IO  Wemhoener_NP  .  
  no_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  writes_VBZ  Gerry_NP  Mann_NP  .  
  tonight_NN1  there_EX  are_VBR  top_JB  shows_NNS  at_IO  Munich_NP  and_CC  Hamburg_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  venue_NN  two_MC  near-veterans_NNS  in_IO  Dieter_NP  Wemhoener_NP  and_CC  Helmut_NP  Bull_NP  battle_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  vacant_JJ  German_JJ  cruiser_NN  crown_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  Karl_NP    the_AT1  great_JJ    Mildenberger_NP  tackles_VBZ  American_JJ  Wayne_NP  Bethea_NP  .  
  then_RL  on_IO  November_NN1  11_MC  comes_VBZ  the_AT1  Erich_NP  Schoeppner_NP  \0v_IO  Hans_NP  Kalbfell_NP  clash_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  former's_$  German_JJ  heavyweight_NN  title_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  Frankfurt_NP  on_IO  November_NN1  24_MC  Mildenberger_NP  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  top_VV0  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  Wemhoener_NP  has_VHZ  always_RR  boxed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  more_RG  famous_JJ  stablemate_NN  Gustav_NP  Scholz_NP  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  31_MC  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thinking_VBG  that_CS  his_APP$  big_JJ  chance_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  by_RP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  vacating_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cruiser_NN  crown_NN  by_IO  Erich_NP  Schoeppner_NP  has_VHZ  left_VBN  the_AT1  door_NN  open_JJ  for_IO  Wemhoener_NP  or_CC  his_APP$  30-year-old_JB  opponent_NN  Helmut_NP  Ball_NP  to_TO  annex_VV0  the_AT1  national_JJ  title_NN  .  
  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  Wemhoener_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  Milan_NP  and_CC  outpointed_VVD  Italian_JJ  cruiser_NN  Giulio_NP  Rinaldi_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  doorstep_NN  .  
  Rinaldi_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  title_NN  .  
  why_CS manager_NN  Fritz_NP  Gretzschel_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  cash_VV0  in_RP  on_IO  this_DD1  victory_NN  and_CC  challenge_VV0  Schoeppner_NP  right_RR  then_RL  must_VM  remain_VV0  a_AT1  mystery_NN  .  
  instead_RR  Dieter_NP  went_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  victorious_JJ  way_NN  against_IO  continental_JJ  opposition_NN  ,_,  slipping_VBG  only_RR  twice_RR    when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  kayoed_VBN  by_IO  Lennart_NP  Risberg_NP  in_IO  Stockholm_NP  last_DA  November_NN1  and_CC  this_DD1  year_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  draw_NN  by_IO  Frenchman_NN1  Diouf_NP  .  
  Helmut_NP  Ball_NP  ,_,  with_IO  American_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  got_VVD  a_AT1  shot_NN  at_IO  Schoeppner_NP  instead_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  narrowly_RR  outpointed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  match_VV0  Wemhoener_NP  for_IO  skill_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  punches_VBZ  hard_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  put_VV0  away_RP  any_DD  cruiser_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  this_DD1  fight_NN  looks_VBZ  like_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  survival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fittest_JJT  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  along_II  with_IO  Wemhoener_NP  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  superior_JJ  skill_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  support_NN  heavyweight_NN  Ulli_NP  Nitzschke_NP  tackles_VBZ  American_JJ  Frankie_NP  Daniels_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  (_(  Daniels_NP  won_VVD  last_DA  time_NN  on_IO  points_NNS  )_)  and_CC  lightweight_NN  champion_NN  Conny_NP  Rudhof_NP  opposes_VBZ  Zykaris_NP  Taki_NP  .  
    the_AT1  time_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  ,_,    the_AT1  walrus_NN  said_VVD  ,_,    to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  of_IO  shoes_NNS  and_CC  ships_NNS  and_CC  sealing_NN  wax_NN  of_IO  cabbages_NNS    and_CC  kings_NNS    .  
  next_DA  year_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  another_DD1  America's_PPIO2  cup_NN  contest_NN  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  Australia_NP  who_PNQS will_VM  be_VB0  making_VBG  her_APP$  first_MD  challenge_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  strong_JJ  rumours_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  would_VM  not_XX  build_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  defender_NN  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  rely_VV0  upon_IO  Stephen's_PPIO2  designed_JJ  Columbia_NP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  improved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  easterner_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  much_RR  improved_VBN  and_CC  has_VHZ  had_VHN  twelve_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  cabin_NN  fittings_NNS  and_CC  needless_JJ  furniture_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  allowed_VBN  about_RR  six_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  of_IO  lead_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  added_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  keel_NN  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  that_DD1  easterner's_NN1$  designer_NN  Ray_NP  Hunt_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  commissioned_VBN  to_TO  design_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  potential_JJ  defender_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  at_IO  Graves_NP  Yard_NNL1  in_IO  Marblehead_NP  ,_,  \0Mass_NP  ,_,  next_DA  door_NN  to_IO  Ted_NP  Hood's_PPIO2  sail_NN  loft_NN  .  
  the_AT1  combination_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  boat_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  fancied_VBN  .  
  my_APP$  American_JJ  informant_NN  remarks_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  trials_NNS  next_DA  summer_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  races_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  challenge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ends_VBZ  up_RP  by_IO  saying_VBG  :_:  
    unless_CS  the_AT1  Aussies_NP2  have_VH0  shaved_VBN  the_AT1  rules_NNS  so_RG  closely_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  squeak_VV0  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  might_VM  win_VV0  again_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  red_JJ  duster_NN  syndicate_NN  has_VHZ  ordered_VBN  a_AT1  12-metre_NN  to_IO  Arthur_NP  Robb's_PPIO2  design_NN  from_IO  Groves_NP  &_CC  Guttridge_NP  of_IO  Cowes_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  new_JJ  venture_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  firm_NN  to_TO  build_VV0  a_AT1  twelve_MC  .  
  no_AT1  information_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  published_VBN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extensive_JJ  tests_NNS  made_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  syndicate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Saunders_NP  Roe_NP  tank_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  much_DA  money_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  spent_VBN  .  
  from_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  discover_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  conclusion_NN  ,_,  after_IO  much_DA  experimenting_NN  in_IO  tanks_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  improve_VV0  much_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  hulls_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  generally_RR  accepted_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  margin_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  breakthrough_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  motive_NN  power_NN    sails_NNS  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  last_DA  month_NN  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  dream_VV0  of_IO  using_VBG  cotton_NN  sails_NNS  for_IO  racing_VBG  to-day_NN1  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  probably_RR  room_NN  for_IO  improvement_NN  upon_IO  Terylene_NP  rather_RR  by_IO  processing_VBG  it_PPH1  or_CC  by_IO  using_VBG  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  plastic_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  answer_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  Ratsey_NP    Venturi_NP    spinnaker_NN  .  
  the_AT1  vents_NNS  are_VBR  claimed_VBN  to_TO  direct_VV0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  downward_JB  thrust_NN  of_IO  air_NN  just_RR  forward_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  sail_NN  giving_VBG  the_AT1  spinnaker_NN  increased_JJ  lift_NN  and_CC  driving_JJ  power_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  experience_NN  with_IO  aeronautical_JJ  parachutes_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  by_IO  Ratsey_NP  and_CC  Lapthorn_NP  \0Inc_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  1962_MC  national_JJ  motorboat_NN  show_NN  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  challenger_NN  designed_VBN  by_IO  Alan_NP  Payne_NP  is_VBZ  making_VBG  good_JJ  progress_NN  at_IO  Lars_NP  Halvorsen_NP  and_CC  Sons'_NPTS$  yard_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Parramatta_NP  River_NNL1  at_IO  Ryde_NP  ,_,  Sydney_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  commission_NN  in_IO  December_NN1  and_CC  her_APP$  first_MD  job_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  trials_NNS  against_IO  Vim_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Australians_NP2  have_VH0  realistically_RR  decided_VBN  that_CS  unless_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  beat_VV0  Vim_NP  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  use_NN  sending_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  .  
  allowing_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  tuning_NN  they_PPHS2  should_VM  know_VV0  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  unnamed_JJ  12_MC  by_IO  February_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  probably_RR  leave_VV0  Sydney_NP  during_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  1962_MC  ,_,  as_IO  deck_NN  cargo_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  starting_NN  line_NN  off_IO  Newport_NP  ,_,  Rhode_NP  Island_NNL1  ,_,  on_IO  September_NN1  15_MC  .  
  Vim_NP  will_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  at_IO  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  challenger_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  light_JJ  alloy_NN  mast_NN  built_VBN  from_IO  American_JJ  components_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  sails_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  Sydney_NP  from_IO  imported_JJ  synthetic_JJ  sailcloth_NN  by_IO  Peter_NP  Cole_NP  and_CC  Joe_NP  Pearce_NP  .  
  the_AT1  materials_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  will_VM  probably_RR  also_RR  come_VV0  from_IO  America_NP  .  
  two_MC  eleven-man_JB  teams_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  trained_VBN  in_IO  Vim_NP  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  lacked_VBN  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  of_IO  competition_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  occurs_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  nice_JJ  gesture_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  shipped_VBN  Sceptre_NP  to_IO  Australia_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  successful_JJ  season_NN  .  
  Sceptre's_PPIO2  recent_JJ  successes_NNS  have_VH0  led_VBN  some_DD  people_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  adverse_JJ  comments_NNS  about_IO  her_APP$  crew_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  America's_PPIO2  cup_NN  races_NNS  but_CCB  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  Evaine_NP  she_PPHO1  only_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  trial_NN  horse_NN  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  contender_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  challenge_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  fiercest_JJT  competition_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  trials_NNS  to_TO  select_VV0  their_APP$  defender_NN  .  
  her_APP$  arrival_NN  in_IO  Sydney_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  ,_,  or_CC  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  Sydney's_PPIO2  spring_NN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  put_VBN  new_JJ  life_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  crews_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  syndicate_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Packer_NP  are_VBR  reputed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  spending_VBG  *+250,000_NNU  on_IO  their_APP$  cup_NN  bid_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   hope_VV0  that_CS  Alan_NP  Payne_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  builders_NNS  ,_,  sailmakers_NNS  and_CC  crew_NN  can_VM  pull_VV0  something_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  bag_NN  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  the_AT1  dice_NNS  are_VBR  inevitably_RR  loaded_VBN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  displaced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rebuilding_NN  programme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Thames_NP  yacht_NN  club_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  international_JJ  yacht_NN  racing_NN  union_NN  annual_JJ  conference_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  naval_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  club_NN  ,_,  colloquially_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  notices_NNS  on_IO  its_APP$  entrance_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  opened_VVD  on_IO  Monday_NN1  ,_,  October_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  and_CC  ended_VVD  on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  November_NN1  3_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  assembly_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  place_NN  once_RR  every_AT1  three_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  attended_VBN  by_IO  representatives_NNS  from_IO  all_DB  member_NN  nations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  27_MC  delegates_NNS  took_VVD  their_APP$  seats_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  whom_WPO  represented_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  country_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  delegates_NNS  were_VBDR  assisted_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  advisers_NNS  .  
  when_CS one_MC1  considers_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  sub-committees_NNS  are_VBR  similarly_RR  helped_VBN  by_IO  advisers_NNS  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  some_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  formidable_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  international_JJ  yachtsmen_NNS  who_PNQS descend_VV0  upon_IO  London_NP  for_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  41_MC  member_NN  countries_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  international_JJ  meeting_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  outstanding_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  how_CS international_JJ  affairs_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  conducted_VBN  in_IO  harmony_NN  .  
  yachtsmen_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  agree_VV0  ,_,  can_VM  disagree_VV0  gracefully_RR  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  annual_JJ  meetings_NNS  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  tactful_JJ  and_CC  impartial_JJ  chairmanship_NN  of_IO  Peter_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  ,_,  backed_VBN  by_IO  Harry_NP  Morgan_NP  (_(  \0U.S.A_NP  )_)  and_CC  Jan_NP  Loeff_NP  (_(  Netherlands_NP  )_)  as_IO  Vice-Presidents_NNSB2  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  President_NNSB1  ,_,  King_NNSB1  Olav_NP  5_MC  of_IO  Norway_NP  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  watched_VBN  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sub-committees_NNS  shaking_VBG  down_RP  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  realization_NN  that_CS  each_DD1  knows_VBZ  his_APP$  job_NN  ,_,  and_CC  each_DD1  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  his_APP$  idiosyncrasies_NNS  .  
  while_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  continual_JJ  change_NN  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  new_JJ  faces_NNS  every_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  absorbed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  and_CC  known_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  Christian_JJ  names_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  a_DA  few_DA  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS would_VM  dream_VV0  of_IO  addressing_VBG  the_AT1  Count_NNSB1  of_IO  Caria_NP  as_IO  anything_PN1  but_IO  Bernardo_NP  .  
  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  delegates_NNS  were_VBDR  entertained_VBN  to_IO  dinner_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  affair_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  if_CS  a_RR  little_RR  cramped_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  temporary_JJ  quarters_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  usual_JJ  cocktail_NN  party_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  ocean_NN  racing_NN  club_NN  ,_,  and_CC  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  Haylock's_PPIO2  theatre_NN  party_NN  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  wives_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  come_VV0  over_RP  mainly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  our_APP$  theatres_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  and_CC  indulging_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  glorious_JJ  shopping_NN  spree_NN  imaginable_JJ  by_IO  day_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  admirably_RR  helped_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  planning_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hampshire_NP  County_NNL1  council_NN  approved_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  certain_JJ  safeguards_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  conventional_JJ  power_NN  station_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  electricity_NN  generating_NN  board_NN  at_IO  Fawley_NP  between_IO  the_AT1  Fawley_NP  oil_NN  refinery_NN  and_CC  Calshot_NP  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  station_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  three_MC  times_NNS  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  at_IO  Marchwood_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  Southampton_NP  Water_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thus_RR  fairly_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  with_IO  its_APP$  600_MC  \0ft_NNU  chimney_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  visible_JJ  from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  .  
  unlike_IO  an_AT1  oil_NN  refinery_NN  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  grumble_VV0  much_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  fumes_NNS  ,_,  smell_NN  and_CC  industrial_JJ  dirt_NN  ,_,  generally_RR  ,_,  for_CS  little_DA  comes_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  chimney_NN  except_IO  possibly_RR  invisible_JJ  gasses_NNS  .  
  cooling_NN  water_NN  in_IO  vast_JJ  quantities_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  discharged_VBN  into_IO  Southampton_NP  Water_NNL1  but_CCB  except_IO  for_II  being_VBG  warmed_VBN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  unchanged_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  can_VM  and_CC  do_VD0  object_VV0  to_IO  ,_,  however_CS carefully_RR    landscaped_VBN    and_CC  however_CS beautifully_RR  designed_VBN  this_DD1  power_NN  station_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  seem_VV0  a_AT1  slight_JJ  objection_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  valid_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_IO  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  amenity_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  unspoilt_JJ  nature_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  extent_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  still_RR  do_VD0  on_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fortuitous_JJ  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  attributed_VBN  to_IO  anything_PN1  except_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  development_NN  before_IO  1945_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  sacrificed_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  precious_JJ  amenity_NN  already_RR  for_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  flames_NNS  and_CC  chimneys_NNS  of_IO  Fawley_NP  over_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  Forest_NNL1  practically_RR  anywhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  Solent_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  not_XX  particularly_RR  obtrusive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  hiding_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  ,_,  gloomy_JJ  power_NN  station_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  brood_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  that_CS  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  only_RR  one_MC1  little_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  sheltered_JJ  water_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  recreational_JJ  area_NN  for_IO  literally_RR  millions_MC2  of_IO  people_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  brooded_VBN  over_IO  by_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  freely_RR  admit_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  Calshot_NP  air_NN  station_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  thing_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  it_PPH1  ever_RR  happened_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  particularly_RR  large_JJ  and_CC  as_CS  one_MC1  proceeds_VBZ  west_NN1  down_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  soon_RR  unnoticeable_JJ  .  
  not_XX  so_PN1  this_DD1  great_JJ  power_NN  station_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  beyond_IO  the_AT1  Needles_NP2  ,_,  certainly_RR  the_AT1  chimney_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  visible_JJ  for_IO  miles_NNS  further_RRR  down_IO  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  .  
  people_NNS  have_VH0  argued_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  does_VBZ  not_XX  matter_NN  :_:  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  :_:  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  lot_NN  left_VBN  :_:  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  agree_VV0  with_IO  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  comforting_JJ  thoughts_NNS  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  station_NN  established_VBN  ,_,  greedy_JJ  hands_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  stretched_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  something_PN1  more_DA  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  jealously_RR  guard_VV0  every_AT1  inch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  power_NN  stations_NNS  ,_,  oil_NN  refineries_NNS  ,_,  factories_NNS  and_CC  industry_NN  leapfrogging_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  banks_NNS  until_CS  ,_,  what_DDQ  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  left_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  industrial_JJ  drain_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  river_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  wants_VBZ  to_TO  go_VV0  sailing_VBG  on_IO  dirty_JJ  water_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  water_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  dirty_JJ  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  ponder_VV0  over_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  waste_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  thinking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  while_CS  I_PPIS1  sympathize_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  electricity_NN  generating_NN  board_NN  ,_,  for_CS  nobody_PN1  wants_VBZ  either_LE  their_APP$  power_NN  stations_NNS  or_CC  their_APP$  pylons_NNS  ,_,  yachtsmen_NNS  of_IO  today_NN1  have_VH0  a_AT1  duty_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  future_JB  generations_NNS  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  drawing_VBG  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  under_IO  its_APP$  wing_NN  marine_JJ  motoring_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  now_RL  hear_VV0  that_CS  Donald_NP  Campbell_NP  and_CC  Major_NNSB1  John_NP  Abraham_NP  ,_,  Commodore_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  motor_NN  yacht_NN  club_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  registered_VBN  the_AT1  British_JJ  power_NN  boat_NN  association_NN  after_IO  considerable_JJ  preparatory_JJ  work_NN  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  discussions_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  between_IO  Major_NNSB1  Abraham_NP  and_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  purposes_NNS  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  every_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  motor_NN  yachting_NN  and_CC  motorboat_NN  racing_NN  and_CC  even_RR  waterski-ing_NN  will_VM  eventually_RR  be_VB0  brought_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  \0R.Y.A_NP  umbrella_NN  .  
  on_IO  November_NN1  13_MC  Major_NNSB1  Abraham_NP  called_VVD  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  interested_JJ  parties_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  side_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  certain_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  motorboat_NN  racing_NN  fraternity_NN  felt_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  be_VB0  swallowed_VBN  lock_NN  ,_,  stock_NN  and_CC  barrel_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  and_CC  established_JJ  \0R.Y.A_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  them_PPHO1  that_CS  their_APP$  fears_NNS  are_VBR  groundless_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  footing_NN  as_IO  dinghy_NN  racing_NN  or_CC  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  any_DD  other_DA  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sport_NN  .  
  a_AT1  steering_JJ  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motorboat_NN  side_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  formed_VBN  to_TO  undertake_VV0  further_JB  discussions_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  and_CC  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   hope_VV0  that_CS  before_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  season_NN  opens_VBZ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  sport_NN  of_IO  motorboating_NN  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  branches_NNS  firmly_RR  ensconced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  organization_NN  ,_,  members_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  of_IO  yachting_NN  .  
  without_IO  doubt_NN  a_AT1  situation_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  reached_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  coast_NN  where_CS ,_,  unless_CS  something_PN1  is_VBZ  done_VBN  soon_RR  ,_,  yachting_NN  and_CC  yachtbuilding_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  severely_RR  restricted_VBN  because_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  nowhere_RR  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  yachts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  orders_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  in_IO  many_DA  instances_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  being_VBG  cancelled_VBN  or_CC  conditional_JJ  upon_IO  a_AT1  mooring_NN  being_VBG  available_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Dartmouth_NP  a_AT1  marina_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  opened_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  where_CS the_AT1  congestion_NN  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  like_IO  that_DD1  around_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  well_RR  and_CC  this_DD1  may_VM  encourage_VV0  others_DA2  to_TO  push_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  plans_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  places_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Poole_NP  ,_,  Bournemouth_NP  ,_,  Lymington_NP  ,_,  Hamble_NP  and_CC  Portsmouth_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Solent_NP  ,_,  two_MC  places_NNS  on_IO  Chichester_NP  Harbour_NNL1  and_CC  in_IO  Newhaven_NP  and_CC  Swanage_NP  .  
  wines_NNS  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  stranger_NN  .  
  to_TO  choose_VV0  wines_NNS  or_CC  cordials_NNS  for_IO  food_NN  ranging_VBG  from_IO  moussaka_NN  to_IO  mangoes_NNS  and_CC  artichokes_NNS  to_IO  uglies_NNS  poses_VBZ  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  built_VBN  upon_IO  these_DD2  unusual_JJ  fruits_NNS  and_CC  vegetables_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  common_JJ  characteristic_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  course_NN  dishes_NNS  are_VBR  strongly_RR  flavoured_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  astringency_NN  behind_IO  their_APP$  sweetness_NN  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  one_MC1  should_VM  avoid_VV0  choosing_VBG  wines_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  very_RG  dry_JJ  or_CC  of_IO  delicate_JJ  flavour_NN  .  
  sparkling_JJ  wines_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  really_RR  fit_VV0  into_IO  this_DD1  picture_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  strong_JJ  ,_,  virile_JJ  wines_NNS  do_VD0  .  
  a_AT1  full-bodied_JJ  wine_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  course_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  sweet_JJ  wine_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  general_JJ  rule_NN  .  
  one_MC1  would_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  wines_NNS  of_IO  Greece_NP  to_TO  match_VV0  the_AT1  moussaka_NN  .  
  the_AT1  special_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  retsina_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  white_JJ  wine_NN  matured_VBN  in_IO  resinated_JJ  casks_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  love_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  drinking_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  faced_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  acquired_JJ  taste_NN  .  
  my_APP$  wife_NN  contends_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  tastes_VBZ  of_IO  ping-pong_NN  balls_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  bottle_NN  or_CC  two_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  initiated_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  stick_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  dry_JJ  Samos_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  is_VBZ  about_RR  8_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  9_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  served_VBN  cold_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  over-chilled_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  red_JJ  alternative_NN  comes_VBZ  from_IO  Hungary_NP    Egri_NP  Bikaver_NP    the_AT1  dark_JJ  wine_NN  from_IO  Eger_NP  known_VBN  as_IO  bull's_NN1$  blood_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  about_RR  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  something_PN1  really_RR  strong_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  alcoholic_JJ  content_NN  ,_,  Yugoslavia_NP  produces_VBZ  Dinjac_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  wine_NN  for_IO  weak_JJ  heads_NNS  !_!  
  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  about_RR  8_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  Spanish_JJ  and_CC  Portuguese_JJ  wines_NNS  that_PNQS go_VV0  well_RR  with_IO  strongly_RR  flavoured_VBN  foods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  robust_JJ  Spanish_JJ  Chablis_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Rioja_NP  Burgundy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  Vila_NP  Real_NP  Tinto_NP  are_VBR  examples_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  costing_VBG  about_RR  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  Russian_JJ  wines_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  red_JJ  Mukuzani_NP  \0no_NN  4_MC  would_VM  fit_VV0  this_DD1  menu_NN  well_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  wines_NNS  .  
  now_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  wines_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  fruit_NN  dishes_NNS  .  
  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS like_VV0  a_AT1  really_RR  sweet_JJ  wine_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  often_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1  Sauterne_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Perigord_NP  :_:  Monbazillac_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  from_IO  8_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  10_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  visitors_NNS  to_IO  Vienna_NP  will_VM  perhaps_RR  remember_VV0  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  cellars_NNS  at_IO  Gumpoldskirchner_NP    the_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  fine_JJ  Rotgipfler_NP  Auslese_NP  .  
  this_DD1  costs_VBZ  about_RR  15_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  or_CC  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  Greece_NP  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Mavrodaphne_NP    the_AT1  Italians_NP2  drink_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  may_VM  have_VH0  met_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  Vienna_NP  .  
  an_AT1  alternative_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1    straight_JJ    wines_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  .  
  pride_NN  of_IO  Oporto_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  to_TO  produce_VV0  about_RR  thirty_MC  glasses_NNS  take_VV0  one_MC1  bottle_NN  of_IO  tawny_JJ  port_NN  ,_,  half_DB  a_AT1  gill_NN  of_IO  orange_NN  Curac*?6ao_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  lemon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  siphon_NN  of_IO  soda_NN  .  
  squeeze_VV0  the_AT1  juice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lemon_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  bowl_NN  ,_,  adding_VBG  the_AT1  port_NN  and_CC  Curac*?6ao_NP  ,_,  then_RL  slicing_VBG  the_AT1  lemon_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  let_VV0  it_PPH1  stand_VV0  for_IO  about_RR  20_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  serve_VV0  the_AT1  glasses_NNS  about_RR  two-thirds_MC2  full_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  mixture_NN  ,_,  topping_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  iced_JJ  soda_NN  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  jug_NN  of_IO  non-alcoholic_JJ  cup_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  pleasant_JJ  one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  by_IO  mixing_VBG  lemon_NN  and_CC  orange_NN  cordial_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  two_MC  of_IO  lemon_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  orange_NN  .  
  before_IO  adding_VBG  water_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  slice_NN  of_IO  lemon_NN  and_CC  orange_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lump_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  ice_NN  ,_,  put_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  teaspoonfuls_NNS  of_IO    Ribena_NP  .    
  the_AT1  colour_NN  combination_NN  is_VBZ  delightful_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  enhances_VBZ  the_AT1  flavour_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ape*?2ritif_NN  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  your_APP$  friends_NNS  something_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  costing_VBG  less_DA  than_IO  20_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  Pineau_NP  Imperial_NP  des_&FW  Charentes_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  Cognac_NP  region_NN  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  expensive_JJ    about_RR  40_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN    plum_NN  brandy_NN  from_IO  Yugoslavia_NP  and_CC  Hungary_NP    Slivovitz_NP  .  
  even_RR  quite_DA  a_AT1  small_JJ  glass_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  party_NN  go_VV0  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  left_VBN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  good_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  liqueur_NN  .  
  if_CS  by_IO  any_DD  chance_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  the_AT1  drinks_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  write_VV0  to_IO  woman's_NN1$  journal_NN  who_PNQS will_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  where_CS they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  .  
  John_NP  Baker_NP  White_NP  .  
  wines_NNS  worth_IO  singing_VBG  for_IO  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS wines_NNS  from_IO  so_RG  many_DA  different_JJ  countries_NNS  were_VBDR  available_JJ  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  field_NN  for_IO  experiment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  having_VHG  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  fun_NN  without_IO  spending_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  in_IO  choosing_VBG  wines_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  suppers_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  original_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  supper_NN  party_NN  wines_NNS  ,_,  inexpensive_JJ  ,_,  despite_IO  recent_JJ  increases_NNS  in_IO  price_NN  .  
  supper_NN  party_NN  .  
  here_RL  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  can_VM  spread_VV0  one's_$  wings_NNS  a_RR  little_RR  and_CC  forget_VV0  the_AT1  family_NN  budget_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  ape*?2ritif_NN  serve_VV0  ,_,  chilled_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  wine_NN  that_PNQS comes_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  Jura_NP    namely_RR  the_AT1  1949_MC  Cha*?5teau-Chalon_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  rarest_JJT  wine_NN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  matured_VBN  for_IO  seven_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  bottling_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bottle_NN  will_VM  cost_VV0  you_PPY  about_RR  35_MC  \0s_NNU  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  experience_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  guests_NNS  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  a_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  Mateus_NP  Rose*?2_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  pale_JJ  pink_JJ  wine_NN  with_IO  natural_JJ  sparkle_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  fun_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  chilled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  costs_VBZ  about_RR  13_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  14_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  flask_NN  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  alternative_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  Franconian_JJ  Steinwein_NP  ,_,  also_RR  in_IO  flasks_NNS  known_VBN  as_IO  Boxbeutels_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  costing_VBG  about_RR  17_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  safe_JJ  bet_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  guests_NNS  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  empty_JJ  flask_NN  home_NN1  ;_;  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  delightful_JJ  lamp_NN  bases_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Cha*?5teau-Chalon_NP  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  your_APP$  pocket_NN  you_PPY  could_VM  cut_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  ape*?2ritif_NN  and_CC  serve_VV0  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  light_JJ  non-vintage_JB  port_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Boston_NP  cream_NN  pie_NN  ;_;  or_CC  perhaps_RR  even_RR  better_JJ  ,_,  an_AT1  inexpensive_JJ  dessert_NN  wine_NN  from_IO  Cyprus_NP  called_VBN  Commandaria_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  crusades_NNS  .  
  family_NN  sit-down_JB  supper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mackerel_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  fish_NN  that_PNQS deserves_VBZ  good_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  inclined_VBN  to_TO  accentuate_VV0  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  accent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  course_NN  ,_,  serving_VBG  before_IO  dinner_NN  an_AT1  Italian_JJ  ape*?2ritif_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  only_RR  just_RR  come_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  market_NN  .  
  its_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  Riccadonna_NP  bitter_JJ  vermouth_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  blend_NN  of_IO  herbs_NNS  with_IO  fortified_JJ  wines_NNS  from_IO  Canelli_NP  .  
  the_AT1  bottle_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  iced_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  twist_NN  of_IO  lemon_NN  put_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  glass_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  drink_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  Italian_JJ  white_JJ  wine_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  might_VM  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  choose_VV0  a_AT1  Soave_NP  Di_NP  Verona_NP  ,_,  or_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  sweeter_JJ  Orvieto_NP  .  
  both_DB2  should_VM  cost_VV0  under_IO  10_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  hot_JJ  souffle*?2_NN  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  fine_JJ  but_CCB  neglected_JJ  wine_NN  Marsala_NP  would_VM  go_VV0  admirably_RR  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  the_AT1  royal_JJ  navy_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  before_IO  lunch_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  gin_NN  but_CCB  nowadays_RR  most_DA  people_NNS  relegate_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  choose_VV0  a_AT1  medium-rich_JJ  wine_NN  like_IO  Corona_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  about_RR  12_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  Malaga_NP  ,_,  then_RL  try_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  supper_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  people_NNS  hold_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  wine_NN  to_TO  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  curry_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  agree_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  obviously_RR  as_CS  curry_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  from_IO  spices_NNS  the_AT1  wine_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  full-blooded_JJ  to_TO    live_VV0    with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  meal_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  fruit_NN  content_NN  ,_,  so_CS  one_MC1  must_VM  look_VV0  also_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  fruity_NN  wine_NN  .  
  before_IO  supper_NN  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  Madeira_NP  would_VM  go_VV0  well_RR  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Verdelho_NP  or_CC  an_AT1  old_JJ  rich_JJ  Bual_NP  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1  red_JJ  wines_NNS  of_IO  Chile_NP  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  so_PN1  again_RR  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  Santa_NP  Rita_NP  or_CC  Cabernet_NP  would_VM  match_VV0  this_DD1  food_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  alternative_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  Burgundies_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  sound_JJ  and_CC  dependable_JJ  :_:  after_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  Australians_NP2  have_VH0  been_VBN  making_VBG  wine_NN  for_IO  over_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  send_VV0  vine_NN  specialists_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  wines_NNS  should_VM  cost_VV0  much_RR  over_RR  8_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  roast_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  let_VV0  them_PPHO1    breathe_VV0    for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  up_RP  its_APP$  temperature_NN  .  
  after-theatre_JB  supper_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  drink_VV0  too_RG  heavy_JJ  a_AT1  wine_NN  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  anyway_RR  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  meal_NN  demands_VBZ  both_DB2  lightness_NN  and_CC  flavour_NN  .  
  a_AT1  light_JJ  ,_,  young_JJ  Beaujolais_NP  would_VM  go_VV0  well_RR  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  better_RRR  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  chilled_VBN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  we_PPIS2  raise_VV0  our_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  horror_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  chilling_VBG  red_JJ  wine_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  some_DD  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  both_DB2  justifiable_JJ  and_CC  desirable_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  alternative_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  white_JJ  Alsatian_NP  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Sylvaner_NP  costing_VBG  about_RR  10_MC  \0s_NNU  or_CC  the_AT1  drier_JJ  Riesling_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  dearer_JJ  .  
  another_DD1  alternative_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  South_NP  African_JJ  medium_JB  dry_JJ  white_JJ  Paarl_NP  Amber_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  about_RR  8_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  producing_VBG  wine_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  this_DD1    hock_NN    is_VBZ  good_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  heavy_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  a_AT1    warmer_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  about_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  cherry_NN  brandy_NN  .  
  John_NP  Baker_NP  White_NP  .  
  wines_NNS  with_IO  star_NN  attraction_NN  .  
  November_NN1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  month_NN  of_IO  real_JJ  winter_NN  ,_,  liable_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  sharp_JJ  nip_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  reminder_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  lies_VBZ  ahead_RR  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  produce_VV0  gales_NNS  ,_,  icy_JJ  winds_NNS  ,_,  frozen_JJ  roads_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  fog_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  choose_VV0  our_APP$  drinks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO    something_PN1  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  cold_NN  out_RP  .    
  as_IO  a_AT1  winter_NN  surprise_NN  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  suggest_VV0  an_AT1  original_JJ  cocktail_NN  .  
  into_IO  a_AT1  champagne_NN  glass_NN  put_VV0  a_AT1  lump_NN  of_IO  sugar_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  eggspoonful_NN  of_IO  brandy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  sugar_NN  literally_RR  one_MC1  drop_NN  of_IO  angostura_NN  bitters_NNS  .  
  fill_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  an_AT1  iced_JJ  sparkling_JJ  white_JJ  wine_NN  from_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  Gramp's_PPIO2  Barossa_NP  dry_JJ  pearl_NN  ,_,  costing_VBG  about_RR  15_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  ,_,  or_CC  rose_NN  pearl_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  price_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  jolly_RR  well_RR  .  
  when_CS you_PPY    top-up_VV0    there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  any_DD  more_DA  sugar_NN  or_CC  brandy_NN  .  
  before_CS  I_PPIS1  consider_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  dishes_NNS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  come_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  lamb_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  dish_NN  deserving_VBG  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  wine_NN  .  
  recently_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  house_NN  we_PPIS2  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  an_AT1  internationally_RR  famous_JJ  restaurateur_NN  ,_,  and_CC  served_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  1949_MC  Mouton_NP  Cadet_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  pretty_RR  hard_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  by_IO  so_CS  look_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  1955_MC  Cha*?5teau_NP  Beychevelle_NP  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  cost_VV0  about_RR  17_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  prefer_VV0  a_AT1  Burgundy_NP  try_VV0  a_AT1  1955_MC  Charmes_NP  Chambertin_NP  costing_VBG  round_RP  about_RR  *+1_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  roast_NN  turkey_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  demands_VBZ  special_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  walnut_NN  stuffing_NN  a_AT1  richly_RR  flavoured_VBN  wine_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  my_APP$  choice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  1955_MC  Louis_NP  Jadot_NP  Chevalier_NP  Montrachet_NP    Les_NP  Demoiselles_NP    is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  white_JJ  Burgundy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  worth_IO  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  30_MC  \0s_NNU  you_PPY  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  looks_VBZ  like_IO  putting_VBG  your_APP$  party_NN  budget_NN  out_RP  of_IO  gear_NN  ,_,  Bouchard_NP  Pe*?3re_NP  et_&FW  Fils_NP  1955_MC  Puligny-Montracet_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  wine_NN  ,_,  costing_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  over_RR  *+1_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  Caneton_NP  aux_&FW  Cerises_NP  ,_,  some_DD  experts_NNS  might_VM  quarrel_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  choice_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Cristal_NP  dry_JJ  sparkling_JJ  white_JJ  Burgundy_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  about_RR  16_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  that_DD1  great_JJ  judge_NN  of_IO  wines_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  late_JJ  Professor_NNSB1  Saintsbury_NP  ,_,  always_RR  had_VHN  high_JJ  praise_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  wine_NN  .  
  should_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  averse_JJ  to_IO  sparkling_JJ  wines_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  washed_VBN  down_RP  many_DA  a_AT1  plump_JJ  duckling_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  meadows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Loire_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  Muscadet_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  about_RR  12_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  Puilly_NP  Blanc-Fume*?2_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  perhaps_RR  16_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  these_DD2  wines_NNS  would_VM  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  go_VV0  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  Poulet_&FW  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  bacon_NN  with_IO  brandied_JJ  peaches_NNS  seems_VBZ  to_TO  demand_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  vintage_JJ  ciders_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  wine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  best_RBT  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  cider_NN  from_IO  Smarden_NP  in_IO  Kent_NP  ,_,  costing_VBG  6_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  also_RR  enjoyed_VBN  Bulmers_NP  Strongbow_NP  ,_,  Old_NP  Vathouse_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  strong_JJ  and_CC  consequently_RR  cheaper_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  remembering_VBG  that_CS  vintage_JJ  ciders_NNS    Merrydown_NP  from_IO  Horam_NP  is_VBZ  another_DD1  of_IO  them_PPHO1    are_VBR  stronger_JJ  than_IO  many_DA  wines_NNS  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  dessert_NN  wine_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  sweets_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  fun_NN  ,_,  follow_VV0  Commander_NNSB1  Anthony_NP  Hogg's_PPIO2  advice_NN  .  
  decant_VV0  a_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  Barone_NNSB1  Ricasoli's_PPIO2  1953_MC  estate-bottled_JJ  Vin_NP  Santo_NP  Brolio_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ask_VV0  your_APP$  wine-conscious_JJ  guests_NNS  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  where_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  from_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  cost_VV0  you_PPY  about_RR  17_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  night_NN  is_VBZ  cold_JJ  you_PPY  may_VM  feel_VV0  like_IO  giving_VBG  your_APP$  guests_NNS  a_AT1  hot_JJ  punch_NN  .  
  with_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  bishop_NN  remains_VBZ  a_AT1  firm_JJ  favourite_NN  .  
  for_IO  20_MC  people_NNS  you_PPY  need_VV0  :_:  2_MC  lemons_NNS  and_CC  cloves_NNS  1_MC1  quart_NN  of_IO  Australian_JJ  Gramp's_PPIO2  Orlando_NP  Ruby_NP  dessert_NN  wine_NN  ,_,  costing_VBG  11_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  bottle_NN  1_MC1  pint_NN  boiling_JJ  water_NN  mixed_JJ  spices_NNS  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  lump_NN  sugar_NN  .  
  oyster_NN  forcemeat_NN  .  
  12_MC  oysters_NNS  ,_,  cooked_VBN  or_CC  1_MC1  small_JJ  tin_NN  oysters_NNS  1_MC1  \0oz_NNU  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  suet_NN  2_MC  eggs_NNS  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  breadcrumbs_NNS  salt_NN  and_CC  pepper_NN  2_MC  \0tablesp_NNU  cream_NN  .  
  mix_VV0  the_AT1  breadcrumbs_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  suet_NN  ,_,  add_VV0  the_AT1  liquor_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  oysters_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  sprinkling_NN  of_IO  salt_NN  and_CC  pepper_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cream_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  oysters_NNS  cut_VBN  in_IO  small_JJ  pieces_NNS  .  
  mix_VV0  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  beaten_JJ  eggs_NNS  .  
  stir_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  double_JJ  saucepan_NN  over_IO  boiling_JJ  water_NN  for_IO  5_MC  \0mins_NNU2  .  
  leave_VV0  until_CS  cold_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  use_VV0  .  
  chestnut_NN  stuffing_NN  .  
  2_MC  \0lb_NNU  chestnuts_NNS  1/2_MC  \0pt_NNU  water_NN  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  butter_NN  salt_NN  and_CC  pepper_NN  .  
  slit_VV0  each_DD1  chestnut_NN  and_CC  roast_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  20_MC  \0mins_NNU2  in_IO  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  oven_NN  .  
  then_RL  allow_VV0  to_TO  cool_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  and_CC  remove_VV0  outer_JB  husk_NN  and_CC  inner_JB  skin_NN  ,_,  put_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  saucepan_NN  and_CC  just_RR  cover_VV0  with_IO  water_NN  and_CC  simmer_VV0  till_CS  soft_JJ  and_CC  floury_JJ  .  
  be_VB0  careful_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  boil_VV0  dry_JJ  and_CC  catch_VV0  .  
  put_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  moulin_NN  or_CC  sieve_NN  ,_,  stir_VV0  in_RP  butter_NN  and_CC  seasoning_NN  and_CC  stuff_VV0  breast_NN  of_IO  turkey_NN  .  
  sausage_NN  forcemeat_NN  .  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  pork_NN  sausages_NNS  or_CC  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  pork_NN  sausage_NN  meat_NN  2_MC  \0tablesp_NNU  fine_JJ  breadcrumbs_NNS  1_MC1  \0tablesp_NNU  stock_NN  or_CC  gravy_NN  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  fresh_JJ  herbs_NNS  or_CC  good_JJ  pinch_NN  of_IO  dried_JJ  ones_CD1S  1_MC1  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  onion_NN  .  
  remove_VV0  the_AT1  skin_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sausages_NNS  .  
  mix_VV0  thoroughly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ingredients_NNS  ,_,  moisten_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  and_CC  use_VV0  .  
  celery_NN  stuffing_NN  .  
  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  celery_NN  4_MC  \0oz_NNU  shredded_JJ  suet_NN  1_MC1  \0tablesp_NNU  chopped_JJ  parsley_NN  grated_JJ  rind_NN  of_IO  1/2_MC  lemon_NN  1_MC1  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  onion_NN  2_MC  eggs_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  breadcrumbs_NNS  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  ham_NN  good_JJ  pinch_NN  of_IO  dried_JJ  mixed_JJ  herbs_NNS  salt_NN  and_CC  pepper_NN  .  
  use_VV0  white_JJ  heart_NN  of_IO  celery_NN  .  
  mix_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  dry_JJ  ingredients_NNS  together_RR  and_CC  blend_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  well-beaten_JJ  eggs_NNS  .  
  use_VV0  any_DD  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  serve_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  bird_NN  or_CC  two_MC  smaller_JJ  birds_NNS  :_:  
  duck_NN  :_:  
  mixed_JJ  herb_NN  forcemeat_NN  with_IO  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  finely_RR  chopped_VBN  onion_NN  and_CC  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  sage_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  mixed_JJ  herbs_NNS  .  
  pheasant_NN  or_CC  chicken_NN  :_:  
  any_DD  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  stuffings_NNS  .  
  goose_NN  :_:  
  as_IO  duck_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  oyster_NN  or_CC  celery_NN  stuffing_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  .  
  having_VHG  stuffed_VBN  and_CC  sewn_VBN  up_RP  turkey_NN  ,_,  place_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  baking_NN  tray_NN  .  
  put_VV0  2_MC  rashers_NNS  of_IO  bacon_NN  fat_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  breast_NN  .  
  spread_VV0  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  softened_JJ  margarine_NN  or_CC  cooking_NN  fat_NN  fairly_RR  thickly_RR  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  cover_VV0  him_PPHO1  with_IO  aluminium_NN  cooking_NN  foil_NN  ,_,  pressing_VBG  it_PPH1  well_RR  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  on_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  ,_,  allow_VV0  15_MC  \0mins_NNU2  to_IO  the_AT1  pound_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  a_AT1  10-\0lb_JB  bird_NN  will_VM  take_VV0  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  .  
  a_AT1  16-\0lb_JB  bird_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  ready_JJ  in_IO  about_RR  3_MC  1/2_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  rather_RR  than_IO  his_APP$  full_JJ  4_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  tested_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  skewer_JJ  after_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  preheat_VV0  the_AT1  oven_NN  to_IO  \0Elec_NN  ,_,  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  ;_;  gas_NN  ,_,  mark_NN  5_MC  ;_;  solid_JJ  fuel_NN  ,_,  moderate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  these_DD2  low_JJ  temperatures_NNS  until_IO  3/4_MC  \0hr_NNU  before_CS  the_AT1  bird_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  ,_,  basting_VBG  every_AT1  30_MC  \0mins_NNU2  ,_,  and_CC  using_VBG  more_DA  fat_NN  if_CS  necessary_JJ  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  3/4_MC  \0hr_NNU  before_IO  serving_NN  ,_,  turn_VV0  the_AT1  oven_NN  up_RP  to_IO  \0Elec_NN  ,_,  450_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  ;_;  gas_NN  ,_,  mark_NN  7_MC  ;_;  solid_JJ  fuel_NN  ,_,  hot_JJ    remove_VV0  paper_NN  and_CC  bacon_NN  rashers_NNS  ,_,  baste_VV0  well_RR  and_CC  allow_VV0  the_AT1  breast_NN  to_TO  brown_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  rich_JJ  mahogany_NN  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  bird_NN  right_RR  over_RP  and_CC  finish_VV0  breast_NN  downwards_RR  to_TO  prevent_VV0  drying_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  properly_RR  basted_VBN  .  
  sausages_NNS  and_CC  bread_NN  sauce_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  served_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  turkey_NN  .  
  cranberry_NN  sauce_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  excellent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  vegetables_NNS  are_VBR  brussels_NNS  sprouts_NNS  and_CC  celery_NN  and_CC  roast_NN  potatoes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  frozen_JJ  vegetables_NNS  a_AT1  much_RR  greater_JJ  choice_NN  is_VBZ  open_JJ  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  room_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  turkey_NN  for_IO  roast_NN  potatoes_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  enough_DD  space_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  to_TO  cook_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  tray_NN  ,_,  well-creamed_JJ  potatoes_NNS  with_IO  plenty_NN  of_IO  butter_NN  and_CC  milk_NN  are_VBR  very_RG  good_JJ  .  
  tinned_JJ  or_CC  fresh_JJ  stewed_JJ  cranberries_NNS  served_VBN  in_IO  half_DB  lemon_NN  skins_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  for_IO  each_DD1  person_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  unusual_JJ  and_CC  delicious_JJ  .  
  Christmas_NP  pudding_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  3/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  shredded_JJ  suet_NN  4_MC  eggs_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  each_DD1  prunes_NNS  ,_,  stoned_VBN  ,_,  mixed_JJ  peel_NN  ,_,  cut_VBN  in_IO  long_JJ  strips_NNS  ,_,  small_JJ  raisins_NNS  ,_,  sultanas_NNS  ,_,  currants_NNS  ,_,  sifted_JJ  flour_NN  ,_,  sugar_NN  and_CC  brown_JJ  crumbs_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  dates_NNS  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  1/2_MC  nutmeg_NN  ,_,  grated_VBN  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  salt_NN  1/4_MC  \0pt_NNU  milk_NN  juice_NN  of_IO  1/2_MC  lemon_NN  a_AT1  large_JJ  wineglassful_NN  brandy_NN  1/4_MC  cherries_NNS  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  suet_NN  4_MC  eggs_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  prunes_NNS  (_(  large_JJ  )_)  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  peel_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  raisins_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  dates_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  cherries_NNS  spice_NN  nutmeg_NN  lemon_NN  brandy_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  special_JJ  recipe_NN  .  
  the_AT1  quantities_NNS  given_VBN  make_VV0  one_MC1  large_JJ  and_CC  two_MC  small_JJ  puddings_NNS  .  
  mix_VV0  the_AT1  dry_JJ  ingredients_NNS  ,_,  stir_VV0  in_RP  eggs_NNS  ,_,  beaten_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  froth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  milk_NN  lemon_NN  juice_NN  and_CC  brandy_NN  mixed_VBN  .  
  stand_VV0  for_IO  12_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  in_IO  a_AT1  cool_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  then_RL  turn_VV0  into_IO  buttered_JJ  basins_NNS  .  
  boil_VV0  for_IO  6_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  .  
  on_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  ,_,  boil_VV0  for_IO  2_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  before_IO  serving_NN  .  
  cover_VV0  the_AT1  basins_NNS  with_IO  buttered_JJ  greaseproof_JJ  paper_NN  and_CC  then_RL  tie_VV0  each_DD1  one_MC1  with_IO  a_AT1  cloth_NN  .  
  stand_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  fish_NN  kettle_NN  or_CC  bath_NN  or_CC  separately_RR  in_IO  large_JJ  saucepans_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  comes_VBZ  half-way_RR  up_IO  each_DD1  bowl_NN  .  
  renew_VV0  water_NN  by_IO  adding_VBG  more_DA  boiling_JJ  water_NN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  .  
  mincemeat_NN  .  
  all_DB  mincemeat_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  before_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  November_NN1  is_VBZ  better_JJ  still_RR  .  
  mincemeat_NN  keeps_VBZ  almost_RR  indefinitely_RR  and_CC  some_DD  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  kept_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  before_II  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  some_DD  from_IO  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  find_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  dry_JJ  and_CC  crumbly-looking_JJ  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  turn_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  bowl_NN  and_CC  mix_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  brandy_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  restore_VV0  the_AT1  consistency_NN  and_CC  improve_VV0  the_AT1  flavour_NN  .  
  failing_IO  brandy_NN  ,_,  use_VV0  cooking_NN  sherry_NN  or_CC  lemon_NN  juice_NN  .  
  mincemeat_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  raisins_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  marmalade_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  suet_NN  1/2_MC  lemon_NN  1/2_MC  \0teasp_NNU  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  1_MC1  gill_NN  brandy_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  candied_JJ  peel_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  demerara_NN  sugar_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  good_JJ  cooking_NN  apples_NNS  1/4_MC  \0teasp_NNU  nutmeg_NN  good_JJ  pinch_NN  of_IO  ground_JJ  ginger_NN  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  raisins_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  peel_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  suet_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  marmalade_NN  (_(  thick_JJ  )_)  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  demerara_NN  sugar_NN  ground_JJ  ginger_NN  nutmeg_NN  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  apples_NNS  lemon_NN  .  
  stalk_VV0  currants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  wash_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  dried_JJ  fruit_NN  .  
  grate_VV0  the_AT1  rind_NN  of_IO  lemon_NN  .  
  peel_VV0  ,_,  core_VV0  and_CC  slice_VV0  apples_NNS  ,_,  put_VV0  all_DB  through_IO  mincer_NN  .  
  when_CS minced_VBN  ,_,  stir_VV0  well_RR  ,_,  add_VV0  lemon_NN  juice_NN  and_CC  brandy_NN  ,_,  stir_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  fill_VV0  into_IO  jars_NNS  and_CC  tie_VV0  down_RP  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  airtight_JJ  .  
  keep_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  dry_JJ  ,_,  cool_JJ  place_NN  .  
  mincemeat_NN    without_IO  brandy_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  suet_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  4_MC  \0oz_NNU  castor_NN  sugar_NN  juice_NN  and_CC  peel_NN  of_IO  1/2_MC  lemon_NN  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  blanched_JJ  almonds_NNS  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  raisins_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  cooking_NN  apples_NNS  1/2_MC  \0teasp_NNU  each_DD1  salt_NN  ,_,  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  
  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  suet_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  castor_NN  sugar_NN  lemon_NN  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  blanched_JJ  almonds_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  raisins_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  cooking_NN  apples_NNS  salt_NN  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  .  
  peel_VV0  ,_,  core_VV0  and_CC  cut_VV0  up_RP  apples_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  stone_VV0  the_AT1  raisins_NNS  .  
  grate_VV0  lemon_NN  .  
  mix_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  dry_JJ  ingredients_NNS  thoroughly_RR  ,_,  then_RL  add_VV0  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  when_CS well_RR  mixed_VBN  ,_,  put_VV0  into_IO  jars_NNS  ,_,  cover_VV0  and_CC  store_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  dry_JJ  ,_,  cool_JJ  place_NN  .  
  Christmas_NP  cake_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  8_MC  \0oz_NNU  self-raising_JJ  flour_NN  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  butter_NN  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  soft_JJ  brown_JJ  sugar_NN  3_MC  eggs_NNS  3_MC  \0tablesp_NNU  milk_NN  3_MC  \0dessertsp_NNU  rum_NN  ,_,  sherry_NN  ,_,  whisky_NN  or_CC  brandy_NN  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  Jordan_NP  almonds_NNS  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  raisins_NNS  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  currants_NNS  4_MC  \0oz_NNU  sultanas_NNS  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  glace*?2_JJ  cherries_NNS  2_MC  \0oz_NNU  mixed_JJ  peel_NN  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  3/4_MC  \0teasp_NNU  ground_JJ  ginger_NN  3/4_MC  \0teasp_NNU  cinnamon_NN  1/2_MC  \0teasp_NNU  salt_NN  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  
  3_MC  eggs_NNS  rum_NN  ,_,  brandy_NN  ,_,  sherry_NN  or_CC  whisky_NN  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  raisins_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  cherries_NNS  1/4_MC  \0lb_NNU  peel_NN  spice_NN  ginger_NN  cinnamon_NN  .  
  quantities_NNS  are_VBR  for_IO  a_AT1  7-9-\0in_JB  cake_NN  tin_NN  .  
  prepare_VV0  tin_NN  by_IO  lining_VBG  with_IO  greased_JJ  greaseproof_JJ  paper_NN  .  
  blanch_VV0  and_CC  chop_VV0  the_AT1  almonds_NNS  ,_,  prepare_VV0  fruit_NN  ,_,  chop_VV0  peel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  cut_VV0  cherries_NNS  in_IO  half_DB  .  
  sieve_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  dry_JJ  ingredients_NNS  together_RR  .  
  beat_VV0  the_AT1  butter_NN  and_CC  sugar_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  cream_NN  and_CC  beat_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  eggs_NNS  .  
  mix_VV0  dry_JJ  ingredients_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  fruit_NN  and_CC  stir_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  moistening_VBG  with_IO  milk_NN  and_CC  rum_NN  or_CC  sherry_NN  .  
  turn_VV0  into_IO  prepared_JJ  tin_NN  and_CC  hollow_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  centre_NN  slightly_RR  .  
  place_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  runner_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  .  
  bake_VV0  at_IO  \0Elec_NN  ,_,  325_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  ;_;  gas_NN  ,_,  mark_NN  4-5_MC-MC  ;_;  solid_JJ  fuel_NN  ,_,  cool_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  .  
  leave_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  tin_NN  until_CS  cold_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  cake_NN  would_VM  last_VV0  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  people_NNS  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  days_NNS  .  
  Christmas_NP  cake_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  fresh_JJ  butter_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  flour_NN  1/2_MC  \0oz_NNU  mixed_JJ  spice_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  candied_JJ  peel_NN  (_(  substitute_VV0  raisins_NNS  if_CS  peel_NN  not_XX  liked_VBN  )_)  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  10_MC  eggs_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  moist_JJ  sugar_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  almonds_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  cherries_NNS  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  
  10_MC  eggs_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  butter_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  sultanas_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  currants_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  almonds_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  cherries_NNS  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  brown_JJ  sugar_NN  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  peel_NN  .  
  beat_VV0  the_AT1  butter_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  cream_NN  and_CC  stir_VV0  into_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  yolks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  10_MC  eggs_NNS  well_RR  beaten_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  sugar_NN  ,_,  then_RL  add_VV0  the_AT1  spice_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  almonds_NNS  chopped_VBN  very_RG  fine_JJ  .  
  stir_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  flour_NN  ,_,  add_VV0  the_AT1  currants_NNS  washed_VBN  and_CC  dried_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  sultanas_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  candied_JJ  peel_NN  cut_VBN  into_IO  pieces_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  raisins_NNS  chopped_VBN  up_RP  .  
  as_CS  each_DD1  ingredient_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  mixture_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  beaten_VBN  .  
  then_RL  butter_VV0  a_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  place_VV0  it_PPH1  round_RP  a_AT1  tin_NN  ,_,  put_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  cake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  bake_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  3_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  at_IO  \0Elec_NN  ,_,  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  ;_;  gas_NN  ,_,  mark_NN  4-5_MC-MC  ;_;  solid_JJ  fuel_NN  ,_,  cool_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  much_RR  larger_JJ  cake_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  very_RG  rich_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  keeps_VBZ  very_RG  well_RR  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  baked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  tin_NN  ,_,  10_MC  or_CC  12_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  two_MC  smaller_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  icing_VBG  the_AT1  Christmas_NP  cake_NN  .  
  shopping_NN  list_NN  :_:  for_IO  all_DB  icings_NNS  :_:  
  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  ground_JJ  almonds_NNS  2_MC  \0lb_NNU  icing_NN  sugar_NN  2_MC  lemons_NNS  4_MC  eggs_NNS  .  
  almond_NN  icing_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  (_(  quantity_NN  for_IO  8-9-\0in_JB  cake_NN  .  )_)  
  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  ground_JJ  almonds_NNS  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  icing_NN  sugar_NN  1_MC1  egg_NN  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  lemon_NN  juice_NN  1_MC1  \0dessertsp_NNU  water_NN  .  
  sieve_VV0  almonds_NNS  and_CC  sugar_NN  together_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  mixing_NN  bowl_NN  .  
  stir_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  beaten_JJ  egg_NN  and_CC  lemon_NN  juice_NN  and_CC  water_NN  .  
  dust_VV0  pastry-board_NN  with_IO  icing_NN  sugar_NN  and_CC  knead_VV0  the_AT1  almond_NN  paste_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  till_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  smooth_JJ  and_CC  coagulated_VBN  .  
  roll_VV0  out_RP  about_RR  1/4-\0in_NNU  thick_JJ  .  
  brush_VV0  the_AT1  cake_NN  over_RP  with_IO  warm_JJ  apricot_NN  jam_NN  .  
  fit_VV0  almond_NN  paste_NN  over_RP  and_CC  press_VV0  gently_RR  on_RP  to_IO  cake_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  careful_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  break_VV0  .  
  cut_VV0  any_DD  surplus_NN  from_IO  bottom_JB  edge_NN  of_IO  cake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  method_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  cut_VV0  a_AT1  circle_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  .  
  roll_VV0  out_RP  remainder_NN  to_IO  length_NN  of_IO  circumference_NN  of_IO  cake_NN  (_(  measure_VV0  with_IO  string_NN  )_)  and_CC  trim_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  strip_NN  the_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  .  
  then_RL  brush_VV0  sides_NNS  of_IO  cake_NN  with_IO  jam_NN  and_CC  lay_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  strip_NN  and_CC  roll_VV0  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  strip_NN  adheres_VBZ  .  
  brush_NN  top_NN  with_IO  jam_NN  and_CC  apply_VV0  circle_NN  .  
  gently_RR  press_VV0  cut_JJ  edges_NNS  together_RR  .  
  the_AT1  almond_NN  icing_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  cold_JJ    allow_VV0  24_MC  \0hrs_NNU2  after_IO  baking_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  stored_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  airtight_JJ  tin_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  dry_JJ  ,_,  cool_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  iced_VBN  and_CC  decorated_VBN  later_RRR  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  dislike_VV0  almond_NN  icing_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  layer_NN  of_IO  glace*?2_JJ  icing_NN  .  
  glace*?2_JJ  icing_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  icing_NN  sugar_NN  1_MC1  \0tablesp_NNU  water_NN  1_MC1  \0teasp_NNU  lemon_NN  juice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  soft_JJ  icing_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  put_VBN  direct_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  almond_NN  paste_NN  if_CS  preferred_VBN  .  
  sieve_VV0  the_AT1  icing_NN  sugar_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  saucepan_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  already_RR  put_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  lemon_NN  juice_NN  .  
  stir_VV0  it_PPH1  over_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  heat_NN  ,_,  holding_VBG  it_PPH1  off_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  ,_,  until_CS  the_AT1  sugar_NN  is_VBZ  melted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  just_RR  above_IO  blood_NN  heat_NN  .  
  pour_VV0  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  and_CC  allow_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  run_VV0  down_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  ,_,  smoothing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  knife_NN  .  
  royal_JJ  icing_NN  .  
  ingredients_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  \0lb_NNU  icing_NN  sugar_NN  1_MC1  \0dessertsp_NNU  lemon_NN  juice_NN  2_MC  egg_NN  whites_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  icing_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  coating_NN  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  decorations_NNS  .  
  sieve_VV0  the_AT1  icing_NN  sugar_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  sure_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  free_JJ  from_IO  lumps_NNS  and_CC  lying_VBG  slightly_RR  fluffed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bowl_NN  .  
  stir_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  lemon_NN  juice_NN  .  
  whip_VV0  the_AT1  whites_NNS  of_IO  eggs_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  medium_JB  stiffness_NN  ,_,  not_XX  until_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  stand_VV0  in_IO  peaks_NNS  .  
  stir_VV0  in_RP  gently_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  beat_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  spoon_NN  till_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  smooth_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  white_JJ  cream_NN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  delay_NN  before_IO  using_VBG  ,_,  cover_VV0  the_AT1  bowl_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  damp_JJ  tea_NN  towel_NN  tightly_RR  stretched_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  air_NN  entering_VBG  and_CC  hardening_VBG  the_AT1  icing_NN  .  
  if_CS  icing_NN  seems_VBZ  too_RG  thin_JJ  ,_,  more_DA  sugar_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  beaten_VBN  in_RP  .  
  travel_NN  .  
  a_AT1  holiday_NN  on_IO  ancient_JJ  Rhodes_NP  .  
  by_IO  Gordon_NP  Cooper_NP  .  
  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  concerned_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  holiday_NN  island_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  wonderful_JJ  beaches_NNS  and_CC  scenery_NN  ,_,  lush_JJ  vegetation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  archaeological_JJ  and_CC  historic_JJ  remains_NNS  and_CC  good_JJ  hotels_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  usually_RR  rather_RR  overvaunted_JJ  quality_NN    character_NN  .    
  recently_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  flew_VVD  out_RP  by_IO  \0B.E.A_NP  comet_NN  4B_MC  ,_,  now_RL  operating_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  direct_JJ  London-Athens_NP  service_NN  via_IO  Geneva_NP  .  
  this_DD1  route_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  ,_,  Florence_NP  ,_,  Brindisi_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Adriatic_NP  ,_,  Corfu_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Gulf_NNL1  of_IO  Corinth_NP  is_VBZ  rich_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  rewards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  service_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  impeccable_JJ  on_IO  this_DD1  swift_JJ  ,_,  smooth_JJ  airliner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tourist_NN  return_NN  fare_NN  is_VBZ  *+100_NNU  16_MC  \0s_NNU  (_(  day_NN  )_)  ,_,  *+84_NNU  12_MC  \0s_NNU  (_(  night_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  five-hour_JB  day_NN  flight_NN  links_VBZ  up_RP  at_IO  Athens_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  Olympic_NP  airways'_NN2  schedule_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  just_RR  over_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  to_IO  Rhodes_NP  (_(  through_IO  fare_NN  from_IO  London_NP  ,_,  *+94_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  to_IO  *+108_NNU  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  route_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  sea_NN  from_IO  Piraeus_NP  ,_,  taking_VBG  twenty-two_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  Rhodes_NP  by_IO  day_NN  is_VBZ  perfect_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  legend_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  island_NN  which_DDQ  rose_VVD  in_IO  beauty_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  foam_NN  ,_,  promised_VBN  to_IO  Apollo_NP  by_IO  Zeus_NP  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  divided_VBN  the_AT1  world_NN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  gods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  overlooked_VBN  the_AT1  sun_NN  lord_NN  .  
  Apollo_NP  named_VVD  the_AT1  island_NN    bride_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .    
  certainly_RR  the_AT1  sun_NN  has_VHZ  blessed_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  seven_MC  springs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  feed_VV0  Rhodes_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  mountains_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  garden_NN  of_IO  olive_NN  ,_,  lemon_NN  and_CC  orange_NN  groves_NNS  ,_,  mulberry_NN  ,_,  oleander_NN  ,_,  pine_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  slim_JJ  pure_JJ  cypress_NN  .  
  hibiscus_NN  and_CC  wistaria_NN  glow_NN  against_IO  white_JJ  walls_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  grassland_NN  is_VBZ  carpeted_VBN  with_IO  wild_JJ  flowers_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  description_NN  and_CC  poppies_NNS  drip_VV0  blood_NN  red_NN  where_CS Rhodians_NP2  once_RR  met_VVD  by_IO  ancient_JJ  temple_NN  or_CC  market_NN  place_NN  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  settlers_NNS  came_VVD  the_AT1  Phoenicians_NP2  ,_,  followed_VBN  at_IO  varying_VBG  intervals_NNS  and_CC  amongst_IO  others_DA2  by_IO  the_AT1  Dorians_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Byzantines_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  crusaders_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Turks_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Italians_NP2  .  
  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  capital_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dodecanese_NP2  ,_,  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  reunited_VBN  with_IO  Greece_NP  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  marks_NNS  of_IO  3,500_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  passing_VBG  civilisations_NNS  remain_VV0  to_TO  enchant_VV0  the_AT1  visitor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  city_NN  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gem_NN  .  
  huge_JJ  medieval_JJ  ramparts_NNS  rise_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  two_MC  harbours_NNS  to_TO  enclose_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  town_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  Castello_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  magnificent_JJ  palace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NNSB1  Masters_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  knights_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP    later_RRR  the_AT1  knights_NNS  of_IO  Malta_NP    who_PNQS ruled_VVD  the_AT1  island_NN  for_IO  216_MC  years_NNS  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  Son_&FW  et_&FW  Lumie*?3re_&FW  performances_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  held_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Street_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  Knights_NNSB2  ,_,  rising_VBG  steeply_RR  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Castello_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  painting_NN  brought_VBN  to_IO  life_NN  .  
  nearby_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  is_VBZ  housed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  fifteenth-century_JB  building_NN  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  walk_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  ramparts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  with_IO  superb_JJ  views_NNS  at_IO  each_DD1  turn_NN  ,_,  and_CC  allow_VV0  time_NN  to_TO  wander_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  commercial_JJ  quarter_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  oriental_JJ  influence_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  minarets_NNS  and_CC  clutter_NN  of_IO  wares_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  buzz_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  which_DDQ  increases_VBZ  proportionately_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  day_NN  ends_NNS  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  ramparts_NNS  the_AT1  spacious_JJ  modern_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  in_IO  Venetian-Gothic_JJ  style_NN  ,_,  owes_VBZ  much_DA  to_IO  Italian_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  above_IO  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  with_IO  glorious_JJ  views_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  direction_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  should_VM  visit_VV0  the_AT1  Acropolis_NP  ,_,  with_IO  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  of_IO  Apollo_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  stadium_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  completely_RR  restored_JJ  theatre_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  though_CS  Rhodes_NP  was_VBDZ  founded_VBN  in_IO  408_MC  \0B.C_RR  ,_,  three_MC  other_DA  cities_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  thriving_VBG  already_RR  1,000_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  reaching_VBG  their_APP$  peak_NN  from_IO  660_MC  \0B.C_RR  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  Lindos_NP  ,_,  about_RR  35_MC  miles_NNS  south_NN1  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  some_DD  100,000_MC  .  
  to-day_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  stark_RG  white_JJ  village_NN  of_IO  750_MC  inhabitants_NNS  ,_,  clustered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  bay_NN  and_CC  overlooked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  medieval_JJ  fortress_NN  built_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  knights_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  enclosing_VBG  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Doric_JJ  temple_NN  of_IO  Athena_NP  Lindia_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  Acropolis_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  on_IO  foot_NN  or_CC  by_IO  donkey_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  breath-taking_JJ  views_NNS  over_IO  this_DD1  dramatic_JJ  coastline_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  natural_JJ  harbour_NN  where_CS \0St_NNSB1  Paul_NP  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  landed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  fascinating_VBG  to_TO  explore_VV0  and_CC  has_VHZ  an_AT1  early_JJ  Byzantine_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  interior_NN  lavishly_RR  covered_VBN  with_IO  later_JJ  frescoes_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  coast_NN  ,_,  about_RR  20_MC  miles_NNS  south-west_NN1  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  reconstructed_JJ  ruins_NNS  of_IO  Kamiros_NP  have_VH0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  perfect_JJ  situations_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  archaeological_JJ  remains_NNS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  steep_JJ  hillside_NN  ,_,  amongst_IO  pines_NNS  and_CC  clumps_NNS  of_IO  wild_JJ  rose_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  walk_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1    main_JB  street_NN    of_IO  ancient_JJ  Kamiros_NP  between_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  ruins_NNS  of_IO  shops_NNS  and_CC  villas_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  plateau_NN  topped_VBN  by_IO  six_MC  columns_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  that_PNQS remain_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Stoa_NP  .  
  behind_RP  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  coastal_JJ  hills_NNS  plunge_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  incredibly_RR  blue_JJ  sea_NN  ,_,  backed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Turkish_JJ  mountains_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  ancient_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  Ialyssos_NP  ,_,  about_RR  10_MC  miles_NNS  south-west_NN1  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  little_DA  that_PNQS is_VBZ  visible_JJ  remains_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  its_APP$  former_DA  Acropolis_NP  ,_,  800-\0ft_JB  Mount_NNL1  Philerimos_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  summit_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  Alpine-like_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  hairpin_NN  bends_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  topped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  restored_JJ  medieval_JJ  church_NN  built_VVD  ,_,  partially_RR  over_IO  Byzantine_JJ  remains_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  knights_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  entrance_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  of_IO  Athena_NP  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  views_NNS  on_IO  all_DB  sides_NNS  ,_,  framed_VBN  between_IO  cypress_NN  trees_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  lovely_JJ  beyond_IO  description_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  valley_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  butterflies_NNS  ,_,  about_RR  15_MC  miles_NNS  south_NN1  of_IO  Rhodes_NP  ,_,  so-called_JB  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  clouds_NNS  of_IO  butterflies_NNS  which_DDQ  populate_VV0  its_APP$  wild_JJ  scenery_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  .  
  organised_JJ  excursions_NNS  are_VBR  arranged_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  centres_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  prefer_VV0  to_TO  wander_VV0  alone_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  hire_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  motor_NN  scooter_NN  or_CC  use_VV0  local_JJ  bus_NN  services_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  weekly_JJ  steamer_NN  service_NN  will_VM  also_RR  take_VV0  you_PPY  over_RP  to_IO  Turkey_NP  ,_,  returning_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  .  
  Rhodes_NP  itself_PPX1  offers_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  and_CC  growing_JJ  selection_NN  of_IO  hotel_NN  accommodation_NN    including_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  des_&FW  Roses_NP  (_(  luxury_NN  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  Belvedere_NP  (_(  1st_MD  class_NN  B_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  both_DB2  with_IO  private_JJ  beaches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Pindos_NP  (_(  2nd_MD  class_NN  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  1st-class_JJ  hotel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Hibiscus_NP  ,_,  with_IO  private_JJ  beach_NN  ,_,  opens_VBZ  this_DD1  summer_NN  .  
  most_RG  interesting_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  developments_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Miramare-Beach_NNL1  hotel_NN  ,_,  recently_RR  taken_VBN  over_RP  by_IO  Swiss_JJ  management_NN  .  
  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  town_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  private_JJ  paradise_NN  situated_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  curve_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  broad_JJ  bay_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Turkish_JJ  coast_NN  ,_,  18_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  .  
  accommodation_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  self-contained_JJ  bungalow_NN  units_NNS  with_IO  private_JJ  toilet_NN  and_CC  shower_NN  or_CC  bath_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  sun_NN  terrace_NN  from_IO  some_DD  of_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  can_VM  step_VV0  straight_RR  down_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  extensive_JJ  private_JJ  beach_NN  .  
  full_JJ  pension_NN  rates_VBZ  range_NN  from_IO  *+3_NNU  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  hotel's_NN1$  many_DA  facilities_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  swimming-pool_NN  ,_,  miniature_NN  golf_NN  ,_,  dancing_NN  ,_,  tennis_NN  and_CC  transport_NN  into_IO  town_NN  .  
  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  island_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  spring_NN  or_CC  autumn_NN  .  
  summer_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  hot_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  intermittent_JJ  rainy_JJ  spells_NNS  usually_RR  occur_VV0  any_DD  time_NN  between_IO  November_NN1  and_CC  late_JJ  February_NN1  .  
  Sabena_NP  Caravelles_NP2  to_IO  Greece_NP  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  Sabena_NP  Belgian_NN1  world_NN  airlines_NNS  brought_VVD  their_APP$  Caravelle_NP  6's_MC2  into_IO  service_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Brussels-Athens_NP  run_NN  ,_,  via_IO  Vienna_NP  or_CC  Frankfurt_NP  .  
  this_DD1  links_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  Caravelle_NP  schedules_VBZ  London-Brussels_NP  and_CC  onwards_RR  from_IO  Athens_NP  to_IO  various_JJ  points_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  east_NN1  .  
  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  the_AT1  Caravelle_NP  extremely_RR  comfortable_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  flight_NN  virtually_RR  noiseless_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  triangular_JJ  windows_NNS  offer_VV0  a_AT1  particularly_RR  fine_JJ  view_NN  .  
  good_JJ  hotels_NNS  in_IO  Athens_NP  are_VBR  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Bretagne_NP  (_(  de_JJ  luxe_JJ"  )_)  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  square_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Ambassadeurs_NP  (_(  A_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Alice_NP  (_(  B_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  George_NP  2_MC  (_(  de_JJ  luxe_JJ"  )_)  ,_,  next_DA  door_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Bretagne_NP  ,_,  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  for_IO  its_APP$  fine_JJ  art_NN  gallery_NN    a_AT1  private_JJ  collection_NN  covering_VBG  Greek_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  and_CC  including_VBG  some_DD  delightful_JJ  works_NNS  .  
  travel_NN  .  
  Minorca_NP  .  
  by_IO  Gordon_NP  Cooper_NP  .  
  Minorca_NP  ,_,  second_MD  largest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  Balearic_JJ  Islands_NPLS  ,_,  is_VBZ  also_RR  their_APP$  Cinderella_NP  .  
  while_CS  this_DD1    white_JJ  and_CC  blue_JJ  Island_NNL1      so_PN1  called_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  remarkable_JJ  blue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  sea_NN  and_CC  sky_NN  broken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  white_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS    may_VM  not_XX  offer_VV0  much_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  organised_JJ  entertainments_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  considerable_JJ  appeal_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  prepared_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  discoveries_NNS  .  
  not_XX  least_RBT  ,_,  it_PPH1  still_RR  retains_VBZ  an_AT1  unspoilt_JJ  atmosphere_NN  .  
  the_AT1  island_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  air_NN  links_NNS  between_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  Barcelona_NP  and_CC  Palma_NP  ,_,  while_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  thrice_RR  weekly_JJ  sailings_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  months_NNS  between_IO  Barcelona_NP  and_CC  Port_NNL1  Mahon_NP  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  sea_NN  communications_NNS  with_IO  Palma_NP  and_CC  Ibiza_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  even_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  day-excursion_NN  to_IO  Minorca_NP  from_IO  Palma_NP  ,_,  travelling_VBG  both_DB2  ways_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  steamer_NN  .  
  in_IO  Mahon_NP  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first-class_JJ  Hotel_NNL1  Mahon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  hotel_NN  accommodation_NN  available_JJ  at_IO  Alcaufer_NP  Creek_NNL1  (_(  Hotel_NNL1  Xuroy_NP  )_)  ,_,  Fornells_NP  (_(  Fonda_NP  Burdo_NP  )_)  and_CC  near_IO  Ciudadela_NP  (_(  Hotel_NNL1  Bahia_NP  )_)  .  
  internal_JJ  communications_NNS  are_VBR  by_IO  bus_NN  and_CC  taxi_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tourist_NN  information_NN  office_NN  in_IO  Mahon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Horizon_NP  holidays_NNS  (_(  17_MC  ,_,  Hanover_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  )_)  offer_VV0  inclusive_JJ  travel_NN  arrangements_NNS  .  
  as_CS  every_AT1  schoolboy_NN  knows_VBZ  ,_,  Minorca_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  British_JJ  possession_NN  during_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  vital_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  naval_JJ  operations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  that_DD1  scandalous_JJ  episode_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  history_NN  :_:  the_AT1  events_NNS  which_DDQ  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  shooting_NN  of_IO  Admiral_NNSB1  Byng_NP  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  still_RR  visit_VV0  the_AT1  golden_JJ  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  close_RR  to_IO  Mahon_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  home_NN1  of_IO  Nelson_NP  and_CC  Lady_NNSB1  Hamilton_NP  in_IO  1798_MC  .  
  our_APP$  occupation_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  marked_VBN  as_CS  in_IO  some_DD  other_DA  lands_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  passion_NN  for_IO  cricket_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  reminders_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  habits_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  sash_NN  windows_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  houses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  names_NNS  given_VBN  to_IO  various_JJ  articles_NNS  in_IO  constant_JJ  use_NN  which_DDQ  indicate_VV0  a_AT1  survival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  language_NN  .  
  among_IO  table_NN  accessories_NNS  the_AT1  following_NN  indicate_VV0  their_APP$  origin_NN  :_:  kitil_&FW  (_(  kettle_NN  )_)  ;_;  botil_&FW  (_(  bottle_NN  )_)  ;_;  mok_&FW  (_(  mug_NN  )_)  ;_;  saydbord_&FW  (_(  sideboard_NN  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  tibord_&FW  (_(  tea-tray_NN  )_)  .  
  barracks_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  called_VBN  beriks_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  haversack_NN  is_VBZ  aversack_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  naval_JJ  guard_NN  is_VBZ  midzamen_&FW  (_(  midshipman_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  inquiring_JJ  visitor_NN  will_VM  discover_VV0  many_DA  more_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  curious_JJ  survivals_NNS  in_IO  language_NN  .  
  at_IO  Villa_NP  Carlos_NP  ,_,  known_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  as_IO  Georgetown_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  architecture_NN  and_CC  planning_VBG  all_DB  belong_VV0  to_IO  Portsmouth_NP  ,_,  with_IO  even_RR  ,_,  to-day_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  George_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  a_AT1  Stuart_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  Victory_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  forts_NNS  we_PPIS2  built_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  preserves_VBZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO    Marlborough_NP  ,_,    while_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  square_NN  ,_,  once_RR  used_VBN  for_IO  ceremonial_JJ  parades_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  Spanish_JJ  soldiers_NNS  playing_VBG  football_NN  and_CC  called_VVD  up_RP    a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  serried_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  redcoats_NNS  ,_,  resplendent_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  pipe-clayed_JJ  accoutrements_NNS  and_CC  thickly-powdered_JB  pigtails_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  Highlanders_NP2  in_IO  their_APP$  curious_JJ  blend_NN  of_IO  barbaric_JJ  and_CC  formal_JJ  uniforms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  tall_JJ  Hessians_NP2  in_IO  blue_NN  and_CC  gold_NN  braid_NN    (_(  Eric_NP  Whelpton_NP  )_)  .  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  on_IO  public_NN  holidays_VBZ  the_AT1  girls_NNS  dance_VV0  a_AT1  local_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highland_NN  fling_NN  and_CC  wear_VV0  on_IO  these_DD2  occasions_NNS  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  kilt_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  tartan_NN  pattern_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  historical_JJ  appeal_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  considerable_JJ  archaeological_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  is_VBZ  dotted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  prehistoric_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  much_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  record_NN  in_IO  stone_NN  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  are_VBR  the_AT1  megalithic_JJ  monuments_NNS  called_VBN  talayots_&FW  ;_;  tower-like_JJ  structures_NNS  of_IO  unmortared_JJ  blocks_NNS  of_IO  stone_NN  which_DDQ  bear_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  resemblance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nuraghe_&FW  of_IO  Sardinia_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  not_XX  actually_RR  linked_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  the_AT1  altar-like_JJ  taulas_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  boat-shaped_JJ  navetas_&FW  ,_,  all_DB  offering_VBG  appeal_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  with_IO  historical_JJ  imagination_NN  .  
  why_CS should_VM  these_DD2  relics_NNS  be_VB0  unique_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  kind_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  certainly_RR  provide_VV0  a_AT1  mystery_NN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   to-day_NN1  .  
  Ciudadela_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  town_NN  of_IO  size_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  some_DD  30_MC  miles_NNS  distant_JJ  from_IO  Mahon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  lies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  north-western_JB  portion_NN  of_IO  Minorca_NP  .  
  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  occupation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  capital_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  still_RR  retains_VBZ  some_DD  interesting_JJ  buildings_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  palaces_NNS  .  
  generally_RR  rather_RR  sleepy_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  to_IO  life_NN  on_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  day_NN  (_(  June_NN1  24_MC  )_)  ,_,  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  parade_NN  of_IO  mounted_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  period_JB  dress_NN  ,_,  jousting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  most_RG  exciting_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  horsemen_NNS  urging_VBG  their_APP$  steeds_NNS  up_IO  staircases_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  living-rooms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS pelt_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  nuts_NNS  and_CC  lighted_JJ  fireworks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hinterland_NN  of_IO  Minorca_NP  is_VBZ  flat_JJ  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  Monte_NP  Toro_NP  (_(  1,150_MC  \0ft_NNU  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  conical_JJ  mountain_NN  on_IO  whose_PNQV$  summit_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pilgrimage_NN  church_NN  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  is_VBZ  rewarding_VBG  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  mortarless_JJ  stone_NN  walls_NNS  which_DDQ  separate_VV0  every_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  even_JJ  walls_NNS  around_IO  individual_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  stony_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  high_JJ  winds_NNS  often_RR  prevail_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  most_RG  striking_JJ  impression_NN  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  dazzling_JJ  white_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  building_NN  looks_VBZ  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  just_RR  been_VBN  whitewashed_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  interior_NN  of_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  humblest_JJT  home_NN1  is_VBZ  spotlessly_RR  clean_JJ  .  
  (_(  were_VBDR  the_AT1  English_NP2  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  non-litter-bugs_NNS  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  Spanish_JJ  island_NN  are_VBR  most_RG  hospitable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  still_RR  see_VV0  occasionally_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  family_NN  heirlooms_NNS  of_IO  Georgian_JJ  furniture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  Hungary_NP  today_NN1  .  
  story_NN  and_CC  pictures_NNS  by_IO  \0H_NP  Pearce_NP  Sales_NP  .  
  not_XX  much_DA  is_VBZ  known_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  about_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  little_JJ  country_NN  which_DDQ  burst_VVD  into_IO  flames_NNS  and_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  in_IO  1956_MC  and_CC  has_VHZ  since_II  been_VBN  forgotten_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  so-called_JB  socialist_JJ  realism_NN  which_DDQ  at_RR  least_RR  until_CS  lately_RR  has_VHZ  created_VBN  a_AT1  dull_JJ  conformity_NN  over_IO  most_DA  aspects_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  communist_JJ  countries_NNS  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  resounding_JJ  defeat_NN  in_IO  Hungary_NP  .  
  the_AT1  traveller_NN  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  be_VB0  encouraged_VBN  immensely_RR  by_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  artistic_JJ  temperament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  is_VBZ  bursting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  shabby_JJ  shell_NN  on_IO  all_DB  sides_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  1956_MC  and_CC  its_APP$  uprising_NN  .  
  costly_JJ  and_CC  tragic_JJ  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_RR  vain_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  liberal_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  communism_NN  emerged_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  comparative_JJ  freedom_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  and_CC  in_IO  sheer_JB  ingenuity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  materials_NNS  are_VBR  delightful_JJ  and_CC  Sandor_NP  Patofi_NP  ,_,  Hungary's_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  poet_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS called_VVD  his_APP$  compatriots_NNS  to_TO  launch_VV0  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  revolution_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  famous_JJ  arise_VV0  Hungary_NP  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  written_VBN  an_AT1  even_RR  more_RG  passionate_JJ  piece_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  silent_JJ  revolution_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  alive_JJ  today_NN1  .  
  Hungary_NP  will_VM  become_VV0  the_AT1  Italy_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  bloc_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  already_RR  assuming_VBG  the_AT1  mantle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  area_NN  of_IO  Budapest_NP  ,_,  Va*?2cintca_NP  and_CC  Petofil_NP  Sa*?2ndor_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  crowded_JJ  at_IO  most_DA  times_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  elegant_JJ  women_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  signpost_NN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  foolish_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  forecasts_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  Hungarian's_NNP$  natural_JJ  bent_NN  for_IO  original_JJ  artistic_JJ  creation_NN  will_VM  not_XX  in_IO  time_NN  permeate_VV0  the_AT1  thinking_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  bloc_NN  in_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  everyday_JB  living_NN  .  
  the_AT1  priorities_NNS  of_IO  industrial_JJ  output_NN  are_VBR  being_VBG  reshuffled_VBN  in_IO  several_DA  countries_NNS  there_RL  and_CC  time_NN  and_CC  talent_NN  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  mass_NN  producing_VBG  those_DD2  fripperies_NNS  that_PNQS make_VV0  life_NN  worthwhile_JJ  for_IO  women_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  more_RG  interesting_JJ  to_IO  men_NNS  .  
  except_CS  that_CS  for_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  clothing_NN  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  of_IO  second_MD  quality_NN  and_CC  to_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  expensive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  cars_NNS  and_CC  refrigerators_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  hallmarks_NNS  generally_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  developed_JJ  industrial_JJ  society_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  easily_RR  obtainable_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  people_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  vested_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  Hungary_NP  today_NN1  .  
  necessities_NNS  and_CC  pastimes_NNS  are_VBR  abundant_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  cheap_JJ  and_CC  encourage_VV0  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  regime_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  never_RR  having_VHG  tasted_VBN  the_AT1  riches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  peoples_NNS  and_CC  having_VHG  almost_RR  always_RR  been_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  oppressed_JJ  and_CC  depressed_JJ  nation_NN  .  
  just_RR  imagine_VV0  experiencing_VBG  a_AT1  change_NN  from_IO  fascism_NN  to_IO  communism_NN  almost_RR  overnight_RR  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  for_IO  anyone_PN1  to_TO  believe_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN    about_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR    when_CS the_AT1  noted_JJ  scholar_NN  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  \0P_NP  Taylor_NP  returned_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Hungary_NP  ,_,  and_CC  wrote_VVD  an_AT1  encouraging_JJ  report_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  misled_VBN  while_CS  there_RL  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  :_:    the_AT1  solid_JJ  unmistakable_JJ  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  Hungarians_NP2  are_VBR  now_RL  pretty_RR  well_RR  off_RP  :_:  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  seen_VBN  a_AT1  greater_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  foodstuffs_NNS  .  there_EX  are_VBR  clothes_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  quality_NN  ,_,  from_IO  multiple_JJ  stores_NNS  to_IO  elegant_JJ  private_JJ  shops_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  provinces_NNS  too_RR  :_:  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  hardship_NN  are_VBR  over_RP    .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  verify_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  add_VV0  much_DA  that_PNQS will_VM  help_VV0  the_AT1  travel_NN  adviser_NN  who_PNQS wants_VBZ  intelligently_RR  and_CC  honestly_RR  to_TO  discuss_VV0  this_DD1  unusual_JJ  country_NN  with_IO  prospective_JJ  tourists_NNS  .  
  ask_VV0  any_DD  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  in_IO  London_NP  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  about_IO  Hungary_NP  today_NN1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  will_VM  mention_VV0  the_AT1  1956_MC  uprising_NN  and_CC  little_DA  else_RR  .  
  to_TO  save_VV0  face_NN  he_PPHO1  might_VM  mention_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  will_VM  call_VV0  the_AT1  international_JJ  scandal_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  that_CS  though_CS  a_AT1  huge_JJ  wave_NN  of_IO  sympathy_NN  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Hungarian_JJ  people_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  crushed_VBN  militarily_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  west_NN1  did_VDD  nothing_PN1    as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  even_RR  brighten_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  breed_VV0  fine_JJ  horses_NNS  and_CC  horsemen_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  books_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  Hungary_NP  is_VBZ  pictured_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  unhappy_JJ  country_NN  .  
  riches_NNS  and_CC  privilege_NN  ruled_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  firmly_RR  entrenched_JJ  church_NN  was_VBDZ  somehow_RR  entangled_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  excesses_NNS  while_CS  three_MC  million_MC  beggars_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  term_NN  often_RR  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  existed_VVD  on_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  scrape_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  not_XX  very_RG  good_JJ  soil_NN  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  is_VBZ  firmly_RR  established_VBN  and_CC  so_RG  far_RR  the_AT1  people_NNS  seem_VV0  able_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  themselves_PPX2  fairly_RR  freely_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  play_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  considered_VBN  mainly_RR  as_IO  units_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  economic_JJ  machine_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  pushed_VBN  along_RP  vigorously_RR  to_TO  meet_VV0  over_RR  ambitious_JJ  industrial_JJ  targets_NNS  though_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  and_CC  achieved_VBN  is_VBZ  for_IO  those_DD2  same_DA  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  control_NN  being_VBG  exercised_VBN  is_VBZ  still_RR  there_RL  ,_,  though_CS  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  excitable_JJ  people_NN  still_RR  very_RG  much_RR  Hungarian_JJ  at_IO  heart_NN  would_VM  revolt_VV0  again_RR  without_IO  question_NN  and_CC  without_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  if_CS  pressure_NN  were_VBDR  again_RR  exerted_VBN  .  
  some_DD  leading_JJ  communists_NNS  confide_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  too_RG  liberal_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  quickly_RR  enough_RGA  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  that_PNQS will_VM  impress_VV0  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  young_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  picture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  man_NN  seriously_RR  needs_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  corrected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Hungarian_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  poor_JJ  or_CC  oppressed_JJ  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  standards_NNS  .  
  Hungary_NP  today_NN1  judging_VBG  by_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  conscientious_JJ  observations_NNS  and_CC  pointed_JJ  enquiry_NN  is_VBZ  climbing_VBG  above_IO  its_APP$  circumstances_NNS  .  
  if_CS  as_CS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  Hungary_NP  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1    Swiss_JJ    workshop_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  bloc_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  highly_RR  skilled_JJ  uses_NNS  of_IO  metal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  settled_JJ  and_CC  increasingly_RR  prosperous_JJ  period_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  written_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  history_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  had_VHN  far_RR  too_RG  many_DA    glorious_JJ    revolutions_NNS  ,_,  occupations_NNS  and_CC  invasions_NNS  .  
  Budapest_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  city_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Danube_NP  actually_RR  crosses_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  countries_NNS  it_PPH1  flows_VBZ  through_IO  ,_,  shows_VBZ  few_DA  marks_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  previous_JJ  troubles_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  housing_NN  was_VBDZ  standing_JJ  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  lost_VVD  all_DB  six_MC  bridges_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  well-known_JJ  hotels_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  .  
  even_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  crisis_NN  when_CS the_AT1  two_MC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0Ks_NP2  were_VBDR  shouting_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  tension_NN  at_IO  all_DB  among_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  though_CS  some_DD  strapping_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  were_VBDR  sweating_VBG  it_PPH1  out_RP  in_IO  exercises_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  went_VVD  off_RP  as_CS  usual_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Buda_NP  hills_NNS  for_IO  hiking_NN  and_CC  picnics_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  wandered_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  museums_NNS  in_IO  Pest_NP  ,_,  or_CC  compromised_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  or_CC  swimming_NN  pools_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mile_NN  long_JJ  \0St_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  Island_NNL1  in_IO  midstream_NN  between_IO  Buda_NP  and_CC  Pest_NP    the_AT1  city_NN  has_VHZ  500_MC  parks_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  however_RR  all_DB  anxious_JJ  freely_RR  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  situation_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  upset_JJ  mainly_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  nations_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  being_VBG  considered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  the_AT1  powerful_JJ  and_CC  progressive_JJ  forces_NNS  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  their_APP$  due_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  counsels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  as_RG  fearful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  mankind_NN  everywhere_RR  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  charge_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  plane_NN  that_CS  western_JJ  man_NN  makes_VBZ  against_IO  socialist_JJ  systems_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  spreading_VBG  wealth_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  extent_NN  and_CC  controlling_VBG  everything_PN1  tends_VBZ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  intimated_VVD  in_IO  our_APP$  introductory_JJ  remarks_NNS  to_TO  bring_VV0  conformity_NN  and_CC  dullness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  tends_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  some_DD  peoples_NNS  to_TO  overcome_VV0  this_DD1  or_CC  that_DD1  personal_JJ  gain_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  incentive_NN  that_PNQS mankind_NN  responds_VBZ  to_IO  .  
  and_CC  whatever_DDQ  virtues_NNS  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  may_VM  lack_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  a_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  .  
  consider_VV0  their_APP$  history_NN  !_!  
  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stages_NNS  of_IO  socialisation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  normal_JJ  and_CC  accepted_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  government_NN  feel_VV0    safe_JJ    ,_,  individuality_NN  tends_VBZ  gradually_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  bloom_VV0  again_RR  throughout_IO  human_JJ  society_NN  and_CC  especially_RR  so_PN1  in_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  where_CS communism_NN  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  of_IO  war_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  adopted_VBN  initially_RR  by_IO  choice_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  may_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  Hungary_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  point_NN  and_CC  examples_NNS  at_RR  random_RR  come_VV0  to_IO  mind_NN  .  
  her_APP$  new_JJ  architecture_NN  is_VBZ  attractive_JJ  ,_,  imaginative_JJ  and_CC  colourful_JJ  and_CC  invites_VBZ  comment_NN  .  
  whether_CS  flats_NNS  or_CC  shops_NNS  or_CC  restaurants_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  marked_JJ  individuality_NN  .  
  at_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  football_NN  match_NN  in_IO  Budapest_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  visiting_JJ  premier_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kadar_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  benchful_NN  of_IO  important_JJ  party_NN  members_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  communist_JJ  or_CC  patriotic_JJ  paraphernalia_NNS  .  
  even_RR  recorded_JJ  cha_NN  cha_NN  chas_NNS  were_VBDR  played_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  advertisement_NN  trundled_VVD  round_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lorry_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  leg_NN  show_NN  .  
  her_APP$  new_JJ  and_CC  refurbished_JJ  hotels_NNS  and_CC  restaurants_NNS  are_VBR  refreshingly_RR  different_JJ  in_IO  furnishings_NNS  and_CC  approach_NN  ,_,  even_RR  the_AT1  uniforms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  ,_,  though_CS  conforming_VBG  to_IO  that_DD1  simplicity_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  good_JJ  taste_NN  .  
  her_APP$  motor_NN  coaches_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  attractive_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  with_IO  unusual_JJ  touches_NNS  in_IO  colouring_NN  ,_,  shape_NN  and_CC  seating_NN  .  
  her_APP$  stores_NNS  and_CC  shops_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  which_DDQ  incidentally_RR  are_VBR  as_RG  full_JJ  of_IO  goods_NNS  as_CS  anywhere_RR  in_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  show_VV0  promise_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  elegance_NN  with_IO  showmanship_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  hallmark_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  though_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  presumably_RR  private_JJ  and_CC  struggling_JJ  shops_NNS  are_VBR  pitifully_RR  inadequate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Londoner_NN1  .  
  her_APP$  tourist_NN  literature_NN  is_VBZ  bright_JJ  and_CC  original_JJ  and_CC  always_RR  has_VHZ  its_APP$  quota_NN  of_IO  pretty_JJ  girls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  publications_NNS  generally_RR  are_VBR  of_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  order_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  many_DA  attractive_JJ  daily_JJ  papers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  popular_JJ  periodicals_NNS  .  
  even_RR  her_APP$  posters_NNS  are_VBR  quite_RR  unlike_IO  anything_PN1  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  communist_JJ  country_NN  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  would_VM  hardly_RR  dare_VV0  suggest_VV0  that_CS  her_APP$  musical_JJ  life_NN  conforms_VBZ  to_IO  any_DD  except_IO  the_AT1  Hungarian_JJ  way_NN  .  
  gipsy_NN  music_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  exhilarating_JJ  and_CC  sad_JJ  in_IO  turn_NN  and_CC  beautifully_RR  played_VBN  everywhere_RR  .  
  although_CS  Liszt_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  quoted_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  accepted_VBN  internationally_RR  ,_,  Bartok_NP  and_CC  Kodaly_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS understandably_RR  are_VBR  worshipped_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  are_VBR  only_RR  just_RR  about_RR  being_VBG  understood_VBN  or_CC  appreciated_VBN  anywhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  and_CC  art_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  non-conformist_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  taste_NN  .  
  a_AT1  modern_JJ  painting_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  bedroom_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Royal_NNSB1  Hotel_NNL1  would_VM  in_IO  London_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  considered_VBN  imaginative_JJ  and_CC  certainly_RR  not_XX  photographic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  teenagers_NNS  there_EX  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  called_VBN  conformists_NNS  either_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  dressed_VBN  as_CS  are_VBR  their_APP$  western_JJ  counterparts_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  sported_VVD  silver_JJ  sugar_NN  loaf_NN  or_CC  beehive_NN  hairdos_NNS  and_CC  almost_RR  all_DB  seem_VV0  at_IO  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  parade_VV0  with_IO  many_DA  frilly_JJ  petticoats_NNS  to_IO  umbrella_VV0  their_APP$  skirts_NNS  or_CC  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  poured_VBN  into_IO  skin_NN  tight_JJ  slacks_NNS  and_CC  sloppy_JJ  jumpers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  most_RG  attractive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  boys_NNS  wear_VV0  longish_JJ  jackets_NNS  and_CC  tight_JJ  trousers_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  well_RR  scrubbed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  imagine_VV0  our_APP$  surprise_NN  when_CS on_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  brassy_JJ  and_CC  romantic_JJ  excursion_NN  boat_NN  cruising_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  capacity_NN  of_IO  family_NN  life_NN    from_IO  grandmothers_NNS  to_IO  tiny_JJ  tots_NNS    the_AT1  many_DA  teenagers_NNS  rocked_VVD  and_CC  rolled_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  strains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  songs_NNS  of_IO  Perry_NP  Como_NP  and_CC  Cliff_NP  Richard_NP  played_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  ship's_NN1$  relay_NN  system_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  later_RRR  learned_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2    loved_VVD    such_DA  western_JJ    pop_NN    singers_NNS  ,_,  laughed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  with_IO  Terry_NP  Thomas_NP  and_CC  Jimmy_NP  Edwards_NP  ,_,  and_CC  shed_VVD  a_AT1  tear_NN  for_IO  Norman_NP  Wisdom_NP  .  
  though_CS  Budapest_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  city_NN  with_IO  many_DA  attractions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  traveller_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Hungarian_JJ  countryside_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  great_JJ  carpets_NNS  of_IO  maize_NN  is_VBZ  pleasant_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  Danube_NP  bend_NN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  most_RG  beautiful_JJ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  offer_VV0    a_AT1  car_NN  ride_NN  for_IO  several_DA  hours_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  summer_NN  evening_NN  being_VBG  a_AT1  most_RG  agreeable_JJ  pastime_NN    and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wonderful_JJ  natural_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  at_IO  Balaton_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  people_NNS  in_IO  Hungary_NP  who_PNQS impress_VV0  one_MC1  and_CC  who_PNQS make_VV0  the_AT1  traveller_NN  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  here_RL  .  
  Budapest_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  as_RR  yet_RR  has_VHZ  few_DA  new_JJ  or_CC  modernised_JJ  hotels_NNS  but_CCB  takes_VBZ  about_RR  150,000_MC  tourists_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  mainly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  \0USSR_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  much_DA  attractive_JJ  night_NN  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  stay_VV0  around_RP  drinking_VBG  ,_,  talking_VBG  and_CC  being_VBG  entertained_VBN  until_IO  5_MC  \0a.m_RR  but_CCB  seldom_RR  if_CS  ever_RR  will_VM  the_AT1  tourist_NN  become_VV0  a_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  malicious_JJ  malpractices_NNS  of_IO  night_NN  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  are_VBR  very_RG  honest_JJ  people_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  seamy_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  humanity_NN  is_VBZ  seemingly_RR  kept_VBN  at_IO  bay_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  dishonest_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  communist_JJ  country_NN  .  
  souvenirs_NNS  for_IO  instance_NN  are_VBR  nearly_RR  always_RR  a_AT1  problem_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  traveller_NN  .  
  here_RL  in_IO  Hungary_NP  prices_NNS  are_VBR  fixed_VBN  for_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  whether_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  luxury_NN  hotel_NN  shop_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  small_JJ  place_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  makes_VBZ  no_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  acceptable_JJ  fact_NN  for_IO  tourists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  personality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  somehow_RR  overawes_VBZ  the_AT1  material_JJ  attractions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  no_RR  more_RRR  is_VBZ  this_DD1  evident_JJ  than_CS  during_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  hot_JJ  summer_NN  evenings_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  occur_VV0  frequently_RR  in_IO  Budapest_NP  .  
  young_JJ  couples_NNS  canoodling_VBG  away_RP  in_IO  corners_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  everywhere_RR  ,_,  and_CC  bring_VV0  understanding_JJ  smiles_NNS  from_IO  passing_JJ  strangers_NNS  .  
  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  great_JJ  and_CC  rather_RR  gaunt_JJ  wide_JJ  streets_NNS  and_CC  squares_NNS  are_VBR  attractively_RR  lit_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  aided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  windows_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  draw_VV0  the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  from_IO  far_RR  and_CC  near_II  .  
  the_AT1  art_NN  and_CC  mystery_NN  of_IO  quilting_NN  .  
  by_IO  Viator_NP  .  
  quilting_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  traditional_JJ  art_NN  in_IO  most_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  Asia_NP  .  
  in_IO  Siberia_NP  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  coloured_JJ  quilted_JJ  material_NN  bearing_VBG  a_AT1  fine_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  reindeer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dating_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  century_NN  \0A.D_RR  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  the_AT1  craft_NN  reached_VVD  its_APP$  peak_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  and_CC  eighteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  survived_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  peasant_NN  art_NN  until_IO  today_NN1  in_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  depression_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  wars_NNS  resulted_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  revival_NN  of_IO  quilting_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  efforts_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  employment_NN  for_IO  women_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  distressed_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  really_RR  began_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  showing_NN  of_IO  some_DD  beautiful_JJ  Durham_NP  quilts_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  women's_NN2  institutes_NNS  handicrafts_NNS  exhibition_NN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1927_MC  .  
  the_AT1  rural_JJ  industries_NNS  bureau_NN  then_RL  set_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  to_TO  foster_VV0  the_AT1  craft_NN  by_IO  forming_VBG  training_NN  centres_VBZ  :_:  quilt_NN  wives_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  still_RR  working_VBG  in_IO  four_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  counties_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  engaged_VBN  to_TO  train_VV0  others_DA2  .  
  a_AT1  depot_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  London_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  kind_NN  of_IO  quilt_NN  such_CS  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  Welsh_JJ  home_NN1  ,_,  consists_VBZ  of_IO  two_MC  layers_NNS  of_IO  material_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  of_IO  patchwork_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  layer_NN  of_IO  unspun_JJ  wool_NN  in_RP  between_II  :_:  the_AT1  whole_NN  stitched_VBN  all_RR  over_RP  with_IO  criss-cross_JB  lines_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  wool_NN  in_IO  place_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  skilled_JJ  quilt_NN  wives_NNS  have_VH0  evolved_VBN  the_AT1  most_RG  intricate_JJ  patterns_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  stitching_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  making_VBG  the_AT1  quilt_NN  a_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  no_AT1  patterns_NNS  are_VBR  kept_VBN  ,_,  each_DD1  quilt_NN  is_VBZ  evolved_VBN  afresh_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  no_AT1  two_MC  are_VBR  ever_RR  exactly_RR  alike_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  different_JJ  combinations_NNS  of_IO  simple_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  design_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  heart_NN  ,_,  rose_NN  ,_,  feather_NN  ,_,  tulip_NN  ,_,  chain_NN  ,_,  fan_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  the_AT1  feather_NN  motif_NN  is_VBZ  peculiar_JJ  to_IO  Durham_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  chain_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  both_DB2  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  Wales_NP  ,_,  where_CS you_PPY  may_VM  hear_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  ships'_NN2  cables_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Phoenicians_NP2  .  
  also_RR  Welsh_JJ  are_VBR  the_AT1  circles_NNS  and_CC  spirals_NNS  ,_,  recalling_VBG  the_AT1  Celtic_JJ  crosses_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  turn_NN  were_VBDR  partly_RR  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Britons_NP2  .  
  leaf_VV0  shapes_NNS  are_VBR  common_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  regions_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  Glamorgan_NP  worker_NN  added_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  repertoire_NN  two_MC  new_JJ  forms_NNS  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  chestnut_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lupin_NN  leaf_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  a_AT1  neighbour_NN  happened_VVD  to_TO  bring_VV0  in_RP  while_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  designs_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Tudor_NP  rose_NN  are_VBR  believed_VBN  to_IO  date_NN  back_NN  to_IO  Tudor_NP  times_NNS  ,_,  handed_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  since_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  materials_NNS  are_VBR  fixed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  laid_VBN  flat_JJ  upon_IO  trestles_NNS  for_IO  working_VBG  .  
  often_RR  two_MC  friends_NNS  will_VM  work_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  together_RR  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  chief_JB  points_NNS  are_VBR  marked_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  chalk_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  stitching_NN  begins_VBZ  ,_,  work_NN  usually_RR  starting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  ,_,  with_IO  that_DD1  section_NN  fixed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  frame_NN  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  needed_VBN  besides_IO  needle_NN  and_CC  thread_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ruler_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  chalk_NN  for_IO  drawing_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  pattern_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  a_DA  few_DA  household_NN  possessions_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tumbler_NN  for_IO  circles_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  an_AT1  oval_JJ  dish_NN    but_CCB  nothing_PN1  more_DA  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  hand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  filling_NN  is_VBZ  lamb's_NN1$  wool_NN  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  got_VBN  ready_RR  combed_VBN  and_CC  washed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  woollen_JJ  factories_NNS  that_PNQS still_RR  survive_VV0  in_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  Wales_NP  .  
  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  warmest_JJT  covering_NN  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  quilts_NNS  are_VBR  easily_RR  washed_VBN  when_CS necessary_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  famous_JJ  quilt_NN  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Catrin_NP  Evans_NP  of_IO  Bow_NP  Street_NNL1  in_IO  Cardiganshire_NP  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  time_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  quilts_NNS  ;_;  her_APP$  work_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  further_RRR  afield_RR  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  taught_VBN  the_AT1  craft_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  month's_NN1$  apprenticeship_NN  ;_;  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  finished_JJ  artist_NN  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  Welsh_JJ  quilt_NN  wives_NNS  might_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  farmhouse_NN  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  :_:  
    many_DA  weeks_NNS  before_CS  a_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  daughter_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  daughter_NN  would_VM  require_VV0  six_MC  and_CC  sometimes_RR  more_DA  quilts_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  provide_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  material_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  take_VV0  my_APP$  wooden_JJ  frame_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  and_CC  for_IO  weeks_NNS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  making_VBG  quilts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  bride_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  a_AT1  shilling_NN  a_AT1  day_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  my_APP$  food_NN  and_CC  lodging_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  worked_VVD  from_IO  seven_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  till_IO  nine_MC  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  most_DA  times_NNS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  patchwork_NN  quilts_NNS  ,_,  farmers'_NN2  wives_NNS  kept_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  old_JJ  clothes_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  cut_VBN  up_RP  for_IO  quilts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  days_NNS  and_CC  days_NNS  doing_VBG  nothing_PN1  but_CS  cutting_VBG  out_RP  and_CC  matching_VBG  pieces_NNS  .    
  all_DB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  ago_RR  .  
  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  workers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  helped_VBN  to_TO  adapt_VV0  their_APP$  old_JJ  designs_NNS  ,_,  formerly_RR  found_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  bedspreads_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  such_DA  intricate_JJ  shapes_NNS  as_IO  dressing_NN  gowns_NNS  ,_,  coats_NNS  and_CC  cardigans_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_IO  rugs_NNS  and_CC  cushions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  quilted_JJ  motor_NN  rugs_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  cushions_NNS  to_TO  match_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  colours_NNS  harmonising_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  that_PNQS appealed_VVD  to_IO  many_DA  buyers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  revival_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  war_NN  .  
  Iona_NP  Trevor_NP  Jones_NP  tells_VBZ  of_IO  .  
  making_VBG  the_AT1  most_DA  of_IO  spring_NN  flowers_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  spring_NN  flowers_NNS  are_VBR  grown_VBN  from_IO  bulbs_NNS  or_CC  corms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  such_DA  flowers_NNS  prefer_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  with_IO  stems_NNS  standing_VBG  in_IO  shallow_JJ  water_NN  .  
  so_RR  when_CS considering_VBG  the_AT1  designing_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  flowers_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  modern_JJ  line_NN  or_CC  Japanese_JJ  styles_NNS  are_VBR  popular_JJ  with_IO  floral_JJ  artists_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  arrangements_NNS  generally_RR  call_VV0  for_IO  shallow_JJ  dishes_NNS  and_CC  trays_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  some_DD  cleverly_RR  executed_JJ  modern_JJ  designs_NNS  can_VM  completely_RR  transform_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  ordinary_JJ  earthenware_NN  meat_NN  dish_NN  or_CC  soup_NN  plate_NN  into_IO  loveliness_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  design_NN  of_IO  catkin_NN  sprays_NNS  and_CC  daffodils_NNS  can_VM  look_VV0  most_RG  effective_JJ  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  when_CS flowers_NNS  are_VBR  both_DB2  difficult_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  ,_,  economy_NN  is_VBZ  important_JJ  ,_,  thus_RR  the_AT1  design_NN  chosen_VBN  must_VM  aim_VV0  at_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  best_JJT  possible_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  flower_NN  .  
  the_AT1  uncluttered_JJ  simplicity_NN  of_IO  clean-cut_JJ  lines_NNS  echoes_VBZ  the_AT1  freshness_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  yellow_JJ    King_NNSB1  Alfred_NP    trumpets_NNS  herald_VV0  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  summer_NN  sunshine_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  flowers_NNS  and_CC  foliage_NN  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  growing_VBG  from_IO  one_MC1  root_NN  or_CC  indeed_RR  from_IO  one_MC1  bulb_NN  .  
  although_CS  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  ,_,  many_DA  newcomers_NNS  to_IO  floral_JJ  art_NN  fail_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  this_DD1  point_NN  sufficient_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  all_DB  stems_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  placed_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  radiate_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  container_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  pinholder_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  placed_VBN  soldier-fashion_RR  ,_,  all_DB  in_IO  a_AT1  row_NN  .  
  tender_JJ  ,_,  hollow_JJ  stems_NNS  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  of_IO  daffodils_NNS  or_CC  narcissi_NNS  sometimes_RR  split_VV0  when_CS placed_VBN  on_IO  pinholders_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  stems_NNS  are_VBR  first_RR  tied_VBN  lightly_RR  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  cotton_NN  or_CC  wool_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  prevent_VV0  further_JB  trouble_NN  .  
  thin_JJ  stems_NNS  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  of_IO  freezias_NNS  ,_,  violets_NNS  ,_,  primroses_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  that_PNQS are_VBR  too_RG  fragile_JJ  or_CC  thin_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  pinholder_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  grouped_VBN  and_CC  placed_VBN  inside_IO  a_AT1  natural_JJ  hollow_JJ  stem_NN  (_(  like_IO  the_AT1  cow-parsley_NN  stem_NN  for_IO  instance_NN  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  way_NN  also_RR  of_IO  giving_VBG  length_NN  to_IO  very_RG  short_JJ  stems_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  required_VBN  high_RR  up_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  arrangement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hollow_JJ  stems_NNS  should_VM  first_RR  be_VB0  filled_VBN  with_IO  water_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  no_AT1  air_NN  bubble_NN  gets_VBZ  in_RP  and_CC  so_RR  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  from_IO  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  flower_NN  head_NN  .  
  crescent-shaped_JJ  designs_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  favoured_VBN  for_IO  spring_NN  flowers_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  stems_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  as_IO  willow-catkins_NNS  and_CC  green_JJ  broom_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  curve_VV0  or_CC  bend_VV0  by_IO  first_RR  soaking_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  warm_JJ  water_NN  and_CC  then_RL  using_VBG  firm_JJ  pressure_NN  of_IO  warm_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  natural_JJ  curving_NN  or_CC  bending_NN  action_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tulip_NN  stems_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  presented_VBN  a_AT1  problem_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  flower_NN  arranger_NN  .  
  stems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  early-forced_JB  varieties_NNS  are_VBR  especially_RR  tender_JJ  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  unnatural_JJ  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  grown_VBN  .  
  many_DA  words_NNS  of_IO  advice_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  written_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN    a_AT1  teaspoonful_NN  of_IO  sugar_NN  or_CC  starch_NN  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  ,_,  helps_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  tulip_NN  stems_NNS  straight_JJ  .  
  florists_NNS  use_VV0  stub_NN  wires_NNS  twisted_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  stems_NNS  when_CS a_AT1  rigid_JJ  stem_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  in_IO  wreath_NN  or_CC  bouquet_NN  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  noticed_VBN  that_CS  all_DB  bought_JJ  tulips_NNS  have_VH0  rubber_NN  bands_NNS  tied_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  stems_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  more_RG  tender_JJ  the_AT1  stems_NNS  the_AT1  more_DA  rubber_NN  bands_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  for_IO  quick_JJ  handling_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  florists_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  damage_NN  during_IO  display_NN  .  
  some_DD  varieties_NNS  of_IO  tulips_NNS  have_VH0  stronger_JJ  stems_NNS  than_IO  others_DA2  .  
  your_APP$  seedsman_NN  usually_RR  indicates_VBZ  this_DD1  in_IO  his_APP$  catalogue_NN  .  
  occasionally_RR  I_PPIS1  arrange_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  weaker-stemmed_JJ  varieties_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  flow_VV0  naturally_RR  and_CC  gracefully_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  container_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  show_VV0  to_IO  best_JJT  effect_NN  when_CS the_AT1  container_NN  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  stand_NN  or_CC  pedestal_NN  .  
  few_DA  flowers_NNS  offer_VV0  a_AT1  wider_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  and_CC  shape_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  tulip_NN  .  
  two_MC  varieties_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  favour_VV0  are_VBR  the_AT1  graceful_JJ  ,_,  pure_JJ  white_JJ  lily-flowered_JJ    white_JJ  Triumphator_NP    and_CC  the_AT1  exciting_JJ  wierd-shaped_JJ  ,_,  black_JJ  parrot_NN  .  
  last_DA  year_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  both_DB2  varieties_NNS  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  arrangement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  subject_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  chosen_VBN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  was_VBDZ    Jekyll_NP  and_CC  Hyde_NP  .    
  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  a_AT1  flower_NN  arrangement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  wandered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  one_MC1  day_NN  when_CS the_AT1  contrast_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  and_CC  shape_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  flowers_NNS  impressed_VVD  me_PPIO1  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  the_AT1  required_JJ  effect_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  was_VBDZ  gained_VBN  by_IO  grouping_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  pure_JJ  and_CC  angelic-like_JJ  white_JJ  flowers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  reaching_VBG  upwards_RR  ,_,  while_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  the_AT1  black_JJ  ones_CD1S  were_VBDR  grouped_VBN  ,_,  dark_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  sinister_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  hang_VV0  and_CC  creep_VV0  down_RP  as_CS  if_CS  in_IO  despair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  touch_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  dramatic_JJ  interpretation_NN  ,_,  by_IO  placing_VBG  it_PPH1  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  misty_JJ  grey_JJ  tulle_NN  ,_,  representing_VBG  the_AT1  mysteries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  another_DD1  spring_NN  flower_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  iris_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  called_VBN    the_AT1  poor_JJ  man's_NN1$  orchid_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  colour_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  texture_NN  of_IO  iris_NN  petals_NNS  that_PNQS fascinate_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  fine_JJ  detail_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  exquisite_JJ  shape_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  and_CC  English_JJ  varieties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  flag_NN  and_CC  bearded_JJ  types_NNS  among_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  are_VBR  such_DA  exciting_JJ  colour_NN  combinations_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  favourite_JB  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  green_JJ  and_CC  black_JJ  variety_NN  sometimes_RR  called_VBN    the_AT1  widow_NN  iris_NN    ,_,  undoubtedly_RR  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  subdued_JJ  colouring_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  keen_JJ  gardener_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  appear_VV0  dull_JJ  and_CC  uninteresting_JJ  but_CCB  one_MC1  is_VBZ  not_XX  expected_VBN  to_TO  foresee_VV0  the_AT1  dignity_NN  it_PPH1  portrays_VBZ  when_CS arranged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  iris_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  care_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  without_IO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  species_NN  called_VBN  Foetidissima_&FW  (_(  Gladdon_NP  )_)  .  
  although_CS  its_APP$  flowers_NNS  are_VBR  small_JJ  and_CC  rather_RR  insignificant_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  worth_IO  growing_VBG  for_IO  its_APP$  brilliant_JJ  scarlet_JJ  berries_NNS  and_CC  bright_JJ  green_JJ  foliage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  persists_VBZ  almost_RR  throughout_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  iris_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR  favoured_VBN  in_IO  old_JJ  Dutch_JJ  and_CC  Flemish_JJ  flower_NN  portraits_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  even_RR  more_RG  frequently_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  Japanese_JJ  pictures_NNS  and_CC  designs_NNS  .  
  illustrated_VBN  here_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  typical_JJ    florist's_NN1$  half-dozen_MC    iris_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  Japanese_JJ  style_NN  .  
  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  two_MC  separate_JJ  parts_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  divided_JJ  kenzan_&FW    design_NN  ,_,  kenzan_&FW  being_VBG  the_AT1  Japanese_JJ  word_NN  for_IO  pinholder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  container_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  blue_JJ    Denby_NP  ware_NN    meat_NN  dish_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  small_JJ  pebbles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  add_VV0  considerably_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  decorative_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  completed_JJ  arrangement_NN  .  
  some_DD  leaves_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  purple_JJ  decorative_JJ  kale_NN  are_VBR  conveniently_RR  used_VBN  to_TO  tone_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  colour_NN  scheme_NN  ,_,  adding_VBG  weight_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  hide_VV0  the_AT1  pinholder_NN  from_IO  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  purple_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  variegated_JJ  varieties_NNS  of_IO  kale_NN  are_VBR  easily_RR  grown_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  planted_VBN  in_IO  open_JJ  ground_NN  and_CC  later_RRR  transplanted_VBN  like_IO  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cabbage_NN  family_NN  .  
  this_DD1  method_NN  ensures_VBZ  that_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  coloured_JJ  specimens_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  garden_NN  space_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  their_APP$  best_JJT  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  months_NNS  when_CS all_DB  other_DA  foliage_NN  is_VBZ  scarce_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  last_VV0  for_IO  weeks_NNS  in_IO  water_NN  .  
  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  fouling_VBG  ,_,  a_AT1  chlorophyl_NN  tablet_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  added_VBN  .  
  farmers'_NN2  wives_NNS  need_VM  never_RR  worry_VV0  about_IO  growing_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  kale_NN  because_CS  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  needed_VBN  for_IO  decorative_JJ  purposes_NNS  can_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  thrown_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  fence_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  cows_NNS  .  
  many_DA  varieties_NNS  of_IO  shrubs_NNS  blossom_VV0  during_IO  April_NN1  and_CC  May_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  are_VBR  dressed_VBN  overall_RR  in_IO  jewel_NN  colours_NNS  .  
  brilliant_JJ  pink_JJ  camelias_NNS  are_VBR  about_RR  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  ,_,  closely_RR  followed_VBN  by_IO  scarlet_JJ  rhododendrons_NNS  ,_,  cerise_JJ  azalea_NN  ,_,  creamy_JJ  magnolias_NNS  and_CC  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  garden_NN  lilacs_NNS  .  
  alas_UH  ,_,  how_CS often_RR  have_VH0  we_PPIS2  all_DB  hopefully_RR  filled_VBN  jugs_NNS  and_CC  vases_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  freshest_JJT  ,_,  sweetest_JJT  lilac_NN  only_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  after_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  have_VH0  wilted_VBN  sadly_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  seem_VV0  fresh_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  improve_VV0  your_APP$  photography_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0E_NP  \0L_NP  Wright_NP  .  
  this_DD1  summer_NN  many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  exposures_NNS  in_IO  either_LE  black_NN  and_CC  white_NN  or_CC  colour_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  by_IO  photographers_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  many_DA  will_VM  wish_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  better_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  so_RR  here_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  shown_VBN  how_CS to_TO  obtain_VV0  better_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  camera_NN  .  
  the_AT1  make_NN  and_CC  type_NN  of_IO  camera_NN  you_PPY  use_VV0  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  important_JJ  as_CS  many_DA  people_NNS  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  expert_NN  will_VM  get_VV0  splendid_JJ  results_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  cheap_JJ  box_NN  camera_NN  ;_;  others_DA2  will_VM  get_VV0  poor_JJ  results_NNS  from_IO  an_AT1  expensive_JJ  model_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  amount_NN  paid_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  camera_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_DA  gadgets_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  is_VBZ  no_AT1  sure_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  guaranteeing_VBG  good_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  model_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  ,_,  study_VV0  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  and_CC  know_VV0  thoroughly_RR  how_CS to_TO  work_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  what_DDQ  its_APP$  capabilities_NNS  and_CC  limitations_NNS  are_VBR  .  
  once_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  master_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  camera_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  gone_VBN  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  to_IO  good_JJ  pictures_NNS  .  
  exposure_NN  .  
  more_DA  negatives_NNS  are_VBR  spoilt_VBN  by_IO  wrong_JJ  exposure_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  by_IO  over-exposure_NN  ,_,  than_CS  by_IO  any_DD  other_DA  cause_NN  .  
  modern_JJ  films_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  fast_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  underestimate_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  light_NN  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  film_NN  and_CC  so_RR  cause_VV0  very_RG  dense_JJ  images_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tables_NNS  published_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  makers_NNS  and_CC  included_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  are_VBR  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  guide_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  light_NN  meter_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  its_APP$  cost_NN  .  
  once_CS  set_VBN  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  guess_NN  work_NN  from_IO  exposure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  show_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  well_RR  graded_JJ  negatives_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  pleasing_JJ  prints_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  .  
  all_DB  photography_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  light_NN  reflected_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  burning_VBG  an_AT1  image_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  stronger_JJ  the_AT1  light_NN  the_AT1  denser_JJ  the_AT1  image_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  light_NN  meter_NN  measures_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  average_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  light_NN  reflected_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  care_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  exercised_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  use_NN  .  
  the_AT1  common_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  one_MC1  is_VBZ  to_TO  point_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  reading_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  if_CS  you_PPY  take_VV0  your_APP$  best_JJT  girl_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  frock_NN  standing_VBG  against_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  background_NN  .  
  either_LE  she_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  sheet_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  frock_NN  ,_,  void_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  detail_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  dense_JJ  black_JJ  background_NN  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  the_AT1  detail_NN  is_VBZ  present_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  clothing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wall_NN  looks_VBZ  peculiar_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  reading_NN  with_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  contrasty_JJ  subject_NN  .  
  now_RL  my_APP$  way_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  incident_JJ  light_NN  method_NN  .  
  most_DA  light_NN  meters_NNS  are_VBR  sold_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  translucent_JJ  mask_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  fit_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  light_JJ  aperture_NN  .  
  fit_VV0  it_PPH1  every_AT1  time_NN  you_PPY  use_VV0  the_AT1  meter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  point_VV0  the_AT1  meter_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  source_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  sure_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  points_VBZ  slightly_RR  downwards_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  horizon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  directly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  then_RL  get_VV0  much_RR  better_JJ  readings_NNS  and_CC  hence_RR  much_RR  better_JJ  negatives_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  use_VV0  this_DD1  method_NN  and_CC  rarely_RR  get_VV0  wrongly_RR  exposed_VBN  negatives_NNS  or_CC  transparencies_NNS  .  
  while_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  of_IO  exposure_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  forget_VV0  a_AT1  lens_NN  hood_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  valuable_JJ  accessories_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  ,_,  and_CC  use_VV0  it_PPH1  every_AT1  time_NN  you_PPY  make_VV0  an_AT1  exposure_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  got_VBN  one_MC1  ,_,  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  your_APP$  particular_JJ  camera_NN  for_CS  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  specially_RR  computed_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  interfere_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  working_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  lens_NN  .  
  composition_NN  .  
  after_IO  exposure_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  photography_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  topic_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  adequately_RR  be_VB0  covered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  allowed_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  all_DB  seen_VBN  the_AT1  portrait_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  or_CC  telegraph_NN  pole_NN  standing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  sitter's_NN1$  head_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  face_NN  screwed_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  painful_JJ  grimace_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  subject_NN  is_VBZ  staring_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  sun_NN  .  
  many_DA  books_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  written_VBN  about_IO  composition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  short_JJ  answer_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  does_VBZ  the_AT1  picture_NN  look_VV0  right_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  aspects_NNS    position_NN  of_IO  subject_NN  ;_;  balance_NN  ;_;  colour_NN  or_CC  tonal_JJ  range_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  anything_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  alien_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  being_VBG  illustrated_VBN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  composition_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  right_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  interested_JJ  in_IO  portraits_NNS  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  your_APP$  sitter_NN  take_VV0  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  pose_NN  .  
  do_VD0  avoid_VV0  making_VBG  the_AT1  subject_NN  stare_VV0  directly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  lens_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  three_MC  quarter_NN  view_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  appealing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  do_VD0  have_VH0  the_AT1  sitter_NN  doing_VBG  something_PN1  .  
  looking_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  ;_;  examining_VBG  a_AT1  statue_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  scenery_NN  ,_,  or_CC  gardening_VBG  ;_;  anything_PN1  that_PNQS will_VM  take_VV0  away_RP  that_DD1  camera_NN  conscious_JJ  look_NN  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  all_DB  costs_NNS  keep_VV0  the_AT1  background_NN  plain_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  distracting_JJ  background_NN  spoils_VBZ  thousands_MC2  of_IO  portraits_NNS  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  then_RL  again_RR  ,_,  many_DA  photographs_NNS  shown_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  criticism_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  spoilt_VBN  by_IO  camera_NN  shake_NN  .  
  do_VD0  learn_VV0  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  camera_NN  still_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  jerk_VV0  the_AT1  button_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  exposure_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  you_PPY  35_MC  \0mm_NNU  people_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS your_APP$  negatives_NNS  or_CC  transparencies_NNS  are_VBR  enlarged_VBN  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  bit_NN  of_IO  camera_NN  shake_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  magnified_VBN  many_DA  fold_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  all_DB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  photography_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  small_JJ  space_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  will_VM  help_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  better_JJ  photography_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  expression_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0S_NP  \0C_NP  Clarkson_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  well-defined_JJ  break_NN  at_IO  any_DD  normal_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  in_IO  expression_NN  ,_,  though_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  nai"ve_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  infant_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  competent_JJ  feeling_NN  for_IO  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupil_NN  .  
  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  stages_NNS  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  formulate_VV0  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  of_IO  personal_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,  as_IO  well_II  as_II  giving_VBG  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  grammar_NN  ,_,  spelling_NN  and_CC  style_NN    the_AT1  tools_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  today_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  infant_NN  school_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  separate_JJ  entity_NN  .  
  often_RR  the_AT1  seven_MC  year_NN  old_JJ  goes_VBZ    up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  school_NN    ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  altogether_RR  .  
  all_DB  teachers_NNS  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  transfer_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  smooth_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  teacher_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  should_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  infant_NN  methods_NNS  and_CC  be_VB0  in_IO  sympathy_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  methods_NNS  employed_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  set-back_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  expression-work_NN  of_IO  any_DD  sort_NN  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  on_IO  transfer_NN  is_VBZ  overawed_VBN  or_CC  ill_JJ  at_IO  ease_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  atmosphere_NN  !_!  
  most_DA  little_JJ  ones_CD1S  have_VH0  a_AT1  contribution_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  and_CC  are_VBR  eager_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  sociable_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  first_MD  eagerness_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  guided_VBN  and_CC  controlled_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  damped_VBN  or_CC  thwarted_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  vital_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  nurtured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  primary_JJ  teacher_NN  will_VM  find_VV0  wide_JJ  variation_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  desire_NN  and_CC  power_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  .  
  home_NN1  backgrounds_NNS  differ_VV0  .  
  some_DD  have_VH0  sympathetic_JJ  or_CC  indulgent_JJ  parents_NNS  .  
  some_DD  homes_NN2  are_VBR  mere_JB  dormitories_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  only_RR  the_AT1  week-end_NN  allowing_VBG  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  to_TO  meet_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  then_RL  that_CS  the_AT1  teacher_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  divide_VV0  the_AT1  classes_NNS  into_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  roughly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  standard_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  and_CC  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1    advanced_JJ    child_NN  as_CS  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  slower_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1    board_NN  of_IO  education_NN    ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1933_MC  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  true_JJ  and_CC  wise_JJ  statement_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  suggestions_NNS  handbook_NN  .  
    written_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  said_VVD  ,_,    is_VBZ  generally_RR  begun_VBN  too_RG  soon_RR  and_CC  practised_VBN  too_RG  often_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  tradition_NN  and_CC  obsession_NN  that_PNQS demands_VBZ  a_AT1  weekly_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  from_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  look_VV0  ahead_RR  a_RR  little_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  leavers_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  admit_VV0  that_CS  few_DA  will_VM  need_VV0  (_(  nor_CC  will_VM  they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  perhaps_RR  )_)  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  formal_JJ  letter_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reading_JJ  world_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS can_VM  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  speaking_JJ  world_NN  .  
  our_APP$  children_NNS  must_VM  first_RR  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  before_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  write_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  almost_RR  every_AT1  lesson_NN  should_VM  give_VV0  chance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS    to_TO  say_VV0  their_APP$  piece_NN    .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  word_NN  answer_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  discouraged_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  onus_NN  of_IO  response_NN  fairly_RR  shared_VBN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  children_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  a_AT1  stimulus_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  domineering_JJ  few_DA  the_AT1  gentle_JJ  brake_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  all_DB  may_VM  find_VV0  individual_JJ  opportunity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  and_CC  carefully_RR  planned_JJ    group_NN    or_CC    family_NN    .  
  a_AT1  folio_NN  of_IO  large_JJ  pictures_NNS  or_CC  posters_NNS  ,_,  lively_JJ  and_CC  colourful_JJ  is_VBZ  collected_VBN  and_CC  these_DD2  are_VBR  discussed_VBN  and_CC  talked_VBN  about_IO  in_IO  turn_NN  .  
  occasionally_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  child_NN  able_JJ  to_TO  weave_VV0  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  oral_JJ  tale_NN  with_IO  this_DD1    broadsheet_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  starting_NN  point_NN  .  
  incidentally_RR  useful_JJ  illustrations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  gleaned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  covers_NNS  of_IO  magazines_NNS  (_(  Ronald_NP  Lampitt's_PPIO2  aerial_JJ  studies_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  former_DA    John_NP  Bull_NP    are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  detail_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  exercises_NNS  in_IO  correct_JJ  observation_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  information_NN  sheets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  savings_NNS  movement_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  found_VBN  valuable_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  indeed_RR  are_VBR  most_DA  travel_NN  posters_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  here_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  should_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  never_RR  destroy_VV0  any_DD  picture_NN  .  
  teachers_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  too_RG  many_DA  ,_,  future_JB  articles_NNS  will_VM  show_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  placed_VBN  in_IO  expression_NN  work_NN  .  
  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  nervous_JJ  children_NNS  are_VBR  diffident_JJ  about_IO  facing_VBG  a_AT1  critical_JJ  audience_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  fellows_NNS  .  
  to_TO  overcome_VV0  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  in_IO  the_AT1  classroom_NN  a_AT1  home-made_JJ    television_NN  screen_NN    .  
  my_APP$  third_MD  article_NN  will_VM  explain_VV0  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  apparatus_NN  .  
  behind_IO  this_DD1  cover_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  found_VBN  it_PPH1  more_RG  easy_JJ  for_IO  some_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  announcements_NNS  ,_,  conduct_VV0    interviews_NNS    ,_,  or_CC  retell_VV0  and_CC  devise_VV0  a_AT1    commercial_JJ  advertisement_NN    .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  attempts_NNS  at_IO    composition_NN    will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  retelling_NN  of_IO  stories_NNS  read_VBN  or_CC  heard_VBN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  little_DA  scope_NN  for_IO  original_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  severe_JJ  discipline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sequence_NN  of_IO  detail_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  observed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  stories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  (_(  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  parables_NNS  )_)  have_VH0  inspired_VBN  adult_JJ  authors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  dramatic_JJ  action_NN    the_AT1  two_MC  spies_NNS  Joshua_NP  and_CC  Caleb_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  four_MC  leprous_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS discovered_VVD  the_AT1  forsaken_JJ  camp_NN  at_IO  Samaria_NP  told_VVD  in_IO  2_MC  Kings_NNSB2  ,_,  chapter_NN  7_MC  ;_;  Paul's_PPIO2  shipwreck_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Adriatic_NP  that_PNQS fascinated_VVD  Nelson_NP  before_IO  Trafalgar_NP  ;_;  Naboth's_PPIO2  vineyard_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  all_DB  excellent_JJ  material_NN  source_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  story-teller_NN  .  
  so_PN1  too_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  merry_JJ  jingles_NNS  ,_,  nursery_NN  rhymes_NNS  ,_,  limericks_NNS  and_CC  sing-song_NN  skipping_NN  snatches_NNS    these_DD2  by_IO  their_APP$  very_DA  beat_NN  or_CC  homely_JJ  humour_NN  are_VBR  quickly_RR  memorised_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  worth_IO  collating_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  anthology_NN  .  
  progressive_JJ  teachers_NNS  will_VM  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  similar_JJ  series_NN  titled_VBN    Sally_NP  go_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN    ,_,  and_CC    bells_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  meadow_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  fine_JJ  collection_NN  for_IO  speaking_VBG  ,_,  learning_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  enjoying_VBG  .  
  anecdotes_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  style_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  gleaned_VBN  for_IO  telling_VBG  and_CC  retelling_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  orally_RR  or_CC  on_IO  paper_NN  when_CS sufficient_JJ  skill_NN  is_VBZ  acquired_VBN  .  
  (_(    .  Sir_NNSB1  Isaac_NP  Newton_NP  completely_RR  forgot_VVD  about_IO  eating_VBG  when_CS his_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  a_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  his_APP$  landlady_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  egg_NN  to_TO  boil_VV0  for_IO  three_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  much_RR  later_RRR  to_TO  find_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Isaac_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  egg_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  while_CS  his_APP$  watch_NN  boiled_VVD  merrily_RR  away_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  pan_NN  .    
  other_DA  fanciful_JJ  tales_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  lines_NNS  .  
  pets_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  natural_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  children_NNS  .  
  quite_RR  young_JJ  people_NNS  will_VM  say_VV0  how_CS they_PPHS2  care_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  animals_NNS  or_CC  will_VM    open_VV0  out_RP    if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  privileged_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  pet_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_IO  school_NN  .  
  small_JJ  booklets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  animals_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  contrived_VBN  and_CC  filled_VBN  with_IO  little_JJ  stories_NNS  and_CC  poems_NNS  about_IO  animals_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  individual_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  delightful_JJ  where_CS the_AT1  children_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  interested_VBN  and_CC  encouraged_VBN  .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  charges_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  asked_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  their_APP$  cards_NNS  to_TO  show_VV0  (_(  and_CC  talk_VV0  about_IO  )_)  on_IO  their_APP$  birthdays_NNS  ,_,  whilst_CS  immediately_RR  after_IO  Christmas_NP  each_DD1  one_MC1  in_IO  turn_NN  brings_VBZ  the_AT1  favourite_JB  present_NN  ,_,  with_IO  where_CS possible_JJ  a_AT1  talking_JJ  demonstration_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN    Bayko_NP    houses_NNS  go_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  steam_NN  engines_NNS  turn_VV0  ,_,  dolls_NNS  be_VB0  dressed_VBN  ,_,  roller_NN  skates_NNS  donned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  embryo_NN  conjurors_NNS  explain_VV0  their_APP$  tricks_NNS  !_!  
  at_IO  all_DB  ages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  I_PPIS1  set_VV0  great_JJ  store_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  keeping_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  diaries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  small_JJ  lined_JJ  notebooks_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  pencil_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  tasks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  an_AT1  entry_NN  if_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  days_NNS  are_VBR  red-letter_JB  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  child_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  at_IO  some_DD  slight_JJ  happenings_NNS  and_CC  wish_VV0  to_TO  record_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  all_DB  its_APP$  sums_NNS  or_CC  spellings_NNS  correct_JJ  ;_;  of_IO  playing_VBG  or_CC  supporting_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  school_NN  match_NN  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  weekly_JJ  service_NN  ;_;  broadcast_JJ  lesson_NN  ;_;  or_CC  visitor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  .  
  half_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  booklet_NN  issued_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  diaries_NNS  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  compiling_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dictionary_NN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  rarely_RR  used_JJ  letters_NNS  x_ZZ1  ,_,  z_ZZ1  ,_,  q_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  y_ZZ1  ,_,  a_AT1  whole_JJ  page_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  letters_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  all_DB  children_NNS  copy_VV0  in_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  page_NN  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  months_NNS  and_CC  season_NN  ,_,  popular_JJ  colours_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  schools_NNS  around_RP  .  
  gas_NN  cookers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  two_MC  related_JJ  reports_NNS  on_IO  cookers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  one_MC1  ,_,  dealing_VBG  with_IO  electric_JJ  cookers_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  shortly_RR  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  types_NNS  .  
  whatever_DDQ  features_NNS  or_CC  trimmings_NNS  a_AT1  cooker_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  requirements_NNS  are_VBR  few_DA  and_CC  simple_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  oven_NN  and_CC  grill_NN  must_VM  cook_VV0  evenly_RR    the_AT1  oven_NN  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  temperatures_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  ,_,  food_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  cooked_VBN  fast_RR  or_CC  slowly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  required_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  cooker_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  easy_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  and_CC  easy_JJ  to_TO  clean_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  finish_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  hard_JJ  wear_NN  .  
  brands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  16_MC  gas_NN  cookers_NNS  chosen_VBN  for_IO  testing_VBG  are_VBR  listed_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  they_PPHS2  cost_VV0  about_RR  *+30_NNU  to_IO  *+70_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  price_NN  range_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  four_MC  boiling_NN  burners_NNS  (_(  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  New_NP  World_NP  33_MC  and_CC  Peeress_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  three_MC  )_)  ,_,  an_AT1  oven_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  grill_NN  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  only_RR  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  Thames_NP  gas_NN  board_NN  area_NN  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  very_RG  wide_JJ  sale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  New_NP  World_NP  173_MC  Rangette_NP  ,_,  larger_JJ  than_IO  most_DA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  included_VBN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  price_NN  range_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  unusual_JJ  features_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  widely_RR  sold_VBN  .  
  table_NN  cookers_NNS  and_CC  small_JJ  models_NNS  with_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  boiling_NN  burners_NNS  were_VBDR  excluded_VBN  ;_;  so_PN1  were_VBDR  very_RG  large_JJ  ,_,  expensive_JJ  models_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  designed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  built_VBN  in_RP  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  kitchen_NN  fitments_NNS  .  
  full_JJ  names_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  shortened_JJ  forms_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  .  
  dimensions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  cooker_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  fit_VV0  into_IO  an_AT1  existing_JJ  kitchen_NN  layout_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  height_NN    particularly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN    the_AT1  distance_NN  the_AT1  cooker_NN  stands_VBZ  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  (_(  depth_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  width_NN  are_VBR  important_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  listed_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  ovens_NNS  .  
  useful_JJ  cooking_NN  space_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  oven_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  useful_JJ  cooking_NN  space_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  some_DD  space_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  round_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  the_AT1  heat_NN  to_TO  circulate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  cooking_NN  space_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  calculated_VBN  in_IO  cubic_JJ  inches_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  baking_NN  tray_NN  provided_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  height_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  cooking_NN  level_NN  (_(  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  projection_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN    usually_RR  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  frame_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  standard_NN  1250_MC  :_:  1955_MC  (_(  domestic_JJ  appliances_NNS  burning_VBG  town_NN  gas_NN  )_)  for_IO  calculating_VBG  cooking_NN  space_NN  (_(  figures_NNS  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  oven_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  when_CS necessary_JJ  ,_,  however_RR    for_IO  a_AT1  turkey_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  baking_NN  tray_NN  larger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  provided_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  cooker_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  cooking_NN  uneven_JJ  .  
  shelves_NNS  .  
  two_MC  shelves_NNS  were_VBDR  provided_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  cooker_NN  .  
  a_AT1  third_MD  ,_,  reversible_JJ  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Envoy_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  13_MC  possible_JJ  cooking_NN  levels_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  base_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  Envoy_NP  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  only_RR  four_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  Leisure_NP  ,_,  and_CC  five_MC  to_IO  nine_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  (_(  see_VV0  table_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  all_DB  shelves_NNS  were_VBDR  designed_VBN  to_TO  slide_VV0  out_RP  without_IO  tilting_VBG  appreciably_RR  and_CC    to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  accidentally_RR  pulling_VBG  the_AT1  shelf_NN  right_RR  out_RP    most_DA  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  lifted_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  remove_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  those_DD2  without_IO  this_DD1  safeguard_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Cannon_NP  ,_,  Equerry_NP  ,_,  Envoy_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  Monarch_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  New_NP  World_NP  33_MC  and_CC  42A_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Leisure_NP  had_VHD  an_AT1  additional_JJ  inner_JB  glass_NN  door_NN    a_AT1  possible_JJ  advantage_NN  ,_,  as_CS  cooking_NN  progress_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  inspected_VBN  without_IO  allowing_VBG  much_DA  heat_NN  to_TO  escape_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  glass_NN  door_NN  became_VVD  too_RG  hot_JJ  to_TO  open_VV0  without_IO  an_AT1  oven_NN  cloth_NN  .  
  cleaning_NN  .  
  how_CS easy_JJ  the_AT1  ovens_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  clean_VV0  depends_VBZ  as_RG  much_RR  on_IO  how_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  used_VBN  as_CS  on_IO  their_APP$  design_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  removable_JJ  oven_NN  top_NN  and_CC  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cavalier_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  removable_JJ  oven_NN  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  World_NP  44_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  hinged_JJ  oven_NN  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Equerry_NP  were_VBDR  definitely_RR  helpful_JJ  .  
  oven_NN  cleaning_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  tiresome_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  less_DA  splashing_NN  when_CS joints_NNS  are_VBR  cooked_VBN  longer_RRR  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  temperature_NN  ;_;  when_CS the_AT1  meat_NN  is_VBZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  foil_NN  ;_;  when_CS a_AT1  container_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  filled_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  oven_NN  floor_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  protected_VBN  from_IO  spilt_JJ  juice_NN  if_CS  a_AT1  tray_NN  is_VBZ  put_VBN  under_IO  pies_NNS  or_CC  tarts_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  oven_NN  does_VBZ  get_VV0  dirty_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  wiped_VBN  out_RP  while_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  warm_JJ  before_CS  the_AT1  dirt_NN  has_VHZ  time_NN  to_TO  stick_VV0  .  
  thermostats_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  ovens_NNS  had_VHD  thermostats_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  meant_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  heated_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  stayed_VVD  at_IO  ,_,  a_AT1  temperature_NN  that_PNQS depended_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  thermostat_NN  setting_NN  .  
  all_DB  were_VBDR  marked_VBN  1/4_MC  ,_,  1/2_MC  ,_,  and_CC  1_MC1  to_IO  9_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Renown_NP  also_RR  had_VHD  settings_NNS  10_MC  ,_,  11_MC  ,_,  and_CC  12_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  cookery_NN  book_NN  gives_VBZ  no_AT1  recipes_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  eight_MC  cookers_NNS  had_VHD  extra_RG    low_JJ    settings_NNS    lower_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  1/4_MC  settings_NNS    for_IO  dishwarming_NN  and_CC  for_IO  slow_JJ  cooking_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  standard_NN  implies_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  cookers_NNS  should_VM  cook_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  dish_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  setting_NN  .  
  for_IO  each_DD1  cooker_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  manufacturer's_NN1$  instructions_NNS  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  shelf_NN  position_NN  for_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  oven_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  intentionally_RR  ,_,  much_RR  hotter_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  than_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  recorded_VVD  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  temperature_NN  (_(  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  )_)  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  middle_NN  and_CC  bottom_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  oven_NN  ,_,  at_IO  settings_NNS  2_MC  ,_,  6_MC  and_CC  9_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  set_VV0  the_AT1  oven_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  temperature_NN  each_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  play_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  thermostat_NN  knob_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  getting_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  always_RR  setting_VBG  the_AT1  thermostat_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  cooking_NN  performance_NN  .  
  \0CA_NP  carried_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  cooking_NN  tests_NNS  specified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  standard_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  show_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  right_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  reaches_VBZ  the_AT1  top_NN  and_CC  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  evenness_NN  of_IO  browning_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  show_VV0  how_CS even_RR  the_AT1  heat_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  different_JJ  levels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  ,_,  when_CS both_DB2  baking_NN  trays_NNS  and_CC  circular_JJ  cake_NN  tins_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  these_DD2  affect_VV0  the_AT1  circulation_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  differently_RR  .  
  the_AT1  oven_NN  is_VBZ  tested_VBN  at_IO  cool_JJ  and_CC  hot_JJ  settings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  filled_VBN  with_IO  different_JJ  size_NN  dishes_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  dinner_NN  .  
  each_DD1  dish_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  ready_JJ  within_IO  a_AT1  specified_JJ  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  adventurous_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  recipes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  provide_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  test_NN  for_IO  cookers_NNS  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  2_MC  .  
  some_DD  ovens_NNS  cooked_VBN  better_RRR  than_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  were_VBDR  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  best_JJT  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Cavalier_NP  ,_,  Envoy_NP  and_CC  Prince_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Leisure_NP  ,_,  Monarch_NP  and_CC  Cabaret_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  fairly_RR  good_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  Leisure_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  food_NN  tended_VVD  to_TO  overbrown_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  underside_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Monarch_NP  oven_NN  cooked_VVD  slowly_RR  ;_;  neither_LE  the_AT1  rich_JJ  fruit_NN  cake_NN  nor_CC  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  dinner_NN  was_VBDZ  well_RR  cooked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  allowed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Cabaret_NP  oven_NN  was_VBDZ  cooler_JJ  than_IO  most_DA  ,_,  particularly_RR  at_IO  higher_JJ  settings_NNS  .  
  food_NN  cooked_VVD  slowly_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  top_NN  browned_VVD  before_IO  the_AT1  underside_NN  .  
  gradings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cooking_NN  performance_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  oven_NN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  hobs_NNS  .  
  cleaning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tops_NNS  of_IO  cookers_NNS  get_VV0  very_RG  messy_JJ  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  careful_JJ  cook_NN  lets_VBZ  the_AT1  milk_NN  boil_VV0  over_RP  sometimes_RR  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  important_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  top_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  easy_JJ  to_TO  clean_VV0  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  tests_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  hobs_NNS  were_VBDR  dirtied_VBN  by_IO  letting_VBG  milk_NN  boil_VV0  over_RP  on_IO  two_MC  burners_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  cooker_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  milk_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  cleaned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  cooker_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whatever_DDQ  parts_NNS  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  were_VBDR  moved_VBN  .  
  both_DB2  time_NN  and_CC  difficulty_NN  in_IO  cleaning_NN  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  into_IO  account_NN  when_CS assessing_VBG  the_AT1  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Cannon_NP  and_CC  New_NP  World_NP  42a_MC  came_VVD  out_RP  best_JJT  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  Peeress_NP  ,_,  Cabaret_NP  and_CC  Newhome_NP  .  
  worst_JJT  to_TO  clean_VV0  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Monarch_NP  .  
  the_AT1  milk_NN  burned_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  very_RG  readily_RR  and_CC  trickled_VVD  down_RP  under_IO  the_AT1  spillage_NN  tray_NN  .  
  cleaning_VBG  was_VBDZ  both_DB2  slow_JJ  and_CC  difficult_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Leisure_NP  and_CC  New_NP  World_NP  44_MC  were_VBDR  little_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  Monarch_NP  .  
  the_AT1  New_NP  World_NP  33_MC  ,_,  44_MC  and_CC  Rangette_NP  had_VHD  similar_JJ  hobs_NNS  ,_,  completely_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  cookers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  consisted_VVD  of_IO  removable_JJ  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  rods_NNS  (_(  see_VV0  photograph_NN  on_IO  \0p_NN  252_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  rods_NNS  became_VVD  discoloured_VBN  by_IO  heat_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  burners_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  rubbed_VBN  with_IO  abrasive_NN  to_TO  restore_VV0  their_APP$  original_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  included_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  cleaning_NN  assessment_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  told_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  this_DD1  new_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  two_MC  series_NNS  of_IO  tests_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  \0CA_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  more_RG  difficult_JJ  and_CC  slower_JJ  to_TO  clean_VV0  than_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  boiling_NN  speed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  speed_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  water_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  heated_VBN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  particularly_RR  important_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  pint_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  boiled_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  pan_NN  on_IO  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  burner_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  cookers_NNS  in_IO  under_RR  3_MC  1/2_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  quickest_JJT  was_VBDZ  about_RR  2_MC  3/4_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  burners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  make_NN  and_CC  gas_NN  rating_NN  took_VVD  slightly_RR  different_JJ  times_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  job_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fairly_RR  small_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  time_NN  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  models_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  pick_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  as_CS  being_VBG  markedly_RR  faster_JJ  than_IO  others_DA2  .  
  three_MC  pints_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  boiled_VBN  in_IO  6_MC  to_IO  7_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  simmering_VBG  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  boiling_NN  burners_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  low_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  keep_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  three_MC  pints_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  simmering_VBG  at_IO  180_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  lid_NN  off_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  with_IO  it_PPH1  on_RP  .  
  when_CS simmering_VBG  food_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  burn_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  the_AT1  heat_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  evenly_RR  distributed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pan_NN  .  
  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  which_WDTI  cookers_NNS  provided_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  even_JJ  heat_NN  ,_,  porridge_NN  was_VBDZ  simmered_VBN  at_IO  as_RG  near_II  as_CS  possible_JJ  to_IO  180_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  ,_,  7-inch_JB  diameter_NN  ,_,  aluminium_NN  pan_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  lid_NN  for_IO  30_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  burner_NN  producing_VBG  the_AT1  most_RG  even_JJ  heat_NN  was_VBDZ  rated_VBN  as_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  best_JJT  one_MC1  for_IO  simmering_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  Monarch_NP  simmered_VVD  most_RG  evenly_RR  ,_,  leaving_VBG  a_AT1  negligible_JJ  deposit_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pan_NN  .  
  only_RR  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  Envoy_NP  ,_,  caused_VVD  any_DD  burning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  slight_JJ  .  
  special_JJ  burners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Monarch_NP  and_CC  Renown_NP  each_DD1  had_VHD  a_AT1  thermostatically_RR  controlled_JJ  boiling_NN  burner_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  three_MC  ordinary_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  designed_VBN  to_TO  raise_VV0  food_NN  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  ,_,  a_AT1  constant_JJ  temperature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  achieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  device_NN  which_DDQ  adjusts_VBZ  the_AT1  gas_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pan_NN  base_NN  ,_,  against_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  spring-loaded_JJ  .  
  different_JJ  types_NNS  and_CC  quantities_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  different_JJ  pans_NNS  ,_,  need_VV0  different_JJ  settings_NNS  ,_,  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacturers'_NN2  cookery_NN  books_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  ,_,  when_CS chips_NNS  were_VBDR  put_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  pan_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  fat_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  delay_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  burner_NN  responded_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  temperature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fat_NN  heated_VVD  up_RP  again_RR  much_RR  more_RG  slowly_RR  than_CS  on_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  burner_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  tap_NN  turned_VBN  full_RR  on_RP  until_CS  the_AT1  fat_NN  was_VBDZ  hot_JJ  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  chips_NNS  cooked_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  special_JJ  burners_NNS  were_VBDR  considered_VBN  very_RG  soggy_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  cooked_VBN  on_IO  ordinary_JJ  burners_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  special_JJ  burners_NNS  are_VBR  useful_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  cooker_NN  unattended_JJ  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  learnt_VBN  the_AT1  setting_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  pan_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  food_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  quantities_NNS    you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  nothing_PN1  will_VM  boil_VV0  over_RP  ,_,  or_CC  burn_VV0  .  
  grill_NN  .  
  design_NN  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  trend_NN  in_IO  cooker_NN  design_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  the_AT1  grills_NNS  to_IO  eye_NN  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  grill_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  watch_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  bend_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  allows_VBZ  the_AT1  oven_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  higher_JJ  .  
  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  models_NNS  tested_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Envoy_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  grill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  below_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  Rangette_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  grill_NN  just_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  grill_NN  pan_NN  rested_VVD  (_(  see_VV0  photograph_NN  on_IO  \0p_NN  252_MC  )_)  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  others_DA2  had_VHD  the_AT1  grill_NN  at_IO  eye_NN  level_NN  .  
  with_IO  all_DB  but_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  cookers_NNS  the_AT1  grid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grill_NN  pan_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  two_MC  possible_JJ  distances_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exception_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Cannon_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  four_MC  available_JJ  positions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Cannon_NP  and_CC  New_NP  World_NP  44_MC  grill_NN  pans_NNS  had_VHD  two_MC  handles_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  in_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  .  
  this_DD1  meant_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  grill_NN  pan_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  put_VBN  down_RP  before_CS  toast_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  turned_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  .  
  five_MC  models_NNS    Leisure_NP  ,_,  Cannon_NP  ,_,  Rangette_NP  ,_,  Envoy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Monarch_NP    had_VHD  grill_NN  compartments_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  closed_VBN  when_CS not_XX  in_IO  use_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Envoy_NP  and_CC  Monarch_NP  could_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  closed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  grill_NN  pan_NN  under_RP  .  
  the_AT1  grill_NN  compartments_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  useful_JJ  for_IO  putting_VBG  dishes_NNS  to_TO  warm_VV0  with_IO  heat_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  or_CC  boiling_NN  burners_NNS  .  
  other_DA  cookers_NNS  had_VHD  open_JJ  shelves_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  grill_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  purpose_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  such_DA  facilities_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Renown_NP  whose_PNQV$  grill_NN  pan_NN  was_VBDZ  suspended_VBN  between_IO  runners_NNS  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  ovens_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  grill_NN  or_CC  grill_NN  pan_NN  grid_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  its_APP$  effective_JJ  area_NN  (_(  see_VV0  below_II  )_)  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  rather_RR  surreptitiously_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  the_AT1  bathroom_NN    a_AT1  new_JJ  addition_NN  ,_,  painted_VBN  blue_NN  and_CC  adorned_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  stars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  even_RR  then_RL  why_CS only_RR  the_AT1    gentlemen_NNS    should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  stars_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  morning_NN  tea_NN  and_CC  baths_NNS  is_VBZ  settled_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  breakfast_NN    in_IO  bed_NN  or_CC  downstairs_RL  .  
  most_DA  hostesses_NNS  are_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  guest_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  until_CS  after_IO  breakfast_NN  ;_;  many_DA  guests_NNS  are_VBR  thankful_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  broached_VBN  varies_VBZ  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  have_VH0  your_APP$  breakfast_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  .    is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  gambit_NN  which_DDQ  frequently_RR  causes_VBZ  a_AT1  shy_JJ  guest_NN  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  flutter_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  about_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  ;_;  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  say_VV0  :_:      your_APP$  breakfast_NN  will_VM  arrive_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  you_PPY  like_VV0  ,_,    as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  were_VBDR  automatic_JJ  and_CC  impersonal_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  probably_RR  help_VV0  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  after_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  ascertained_VBN  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  tea_NN  or_CC  coffee_NN  and_CC  made_VBN  sure_JJ  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  details_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  bed_NN  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  to_TO  sleep_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  easy_JJ  conscience_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  everybody_PN1  that_PNQS likes_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  breakfast_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  many_DA  people's_NN2  idea_NN  of_IO  bliss_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  more_DA  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  bliss_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  considerably_RR  marred_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  tray_NN  is_VBZ  overcrowded_JJ  or_CC  ill-arranged_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  pour_VV0  out_RP  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  things_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  play_VV0  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  game_NN  of_IO  chess_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  .  
  surprisingly_RR  few_DA  people_NNS  lay_VVD  a_AT1  breakfast-tray_NN  logically_RR  and_CC  well_RR  .  
  many_DA  otherwise_RR  observant_JJ  hostesses_NNS  somehow_RR  overlook_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  misery_NN  can_VM  set_VV0  in_RP  if_CS  the_AT1  tray_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  heavy_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  hardly_RR  support_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  forget_VV0  how_CS wretched_JJ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  if_CS  the_AT1  coffee_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  weak_JJ  or_CC  the_AT1  tea_NN  too_RG  strong_JJ  or_CC  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  not_XX  hot_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  desperation_NN  can_VM  set_VV0  in_RP  if_CS  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  things_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  forgotten_VBN  :_:  salt_NN  ,_,  pepper_NN  ,_,  mustard_NN  (_(  when_CS ham_NN  or_CC  sausages_NNS  are_VBR  served_VBN  )_)  ,_,  soft_JJ  sugar_NN  (_(  for_IO  grapefruit_NN  or_CC  stewed_JJ  fruit_NN  )_)  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  requisite_JJ  implements_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  an_AT1  inexperienced_JJ  hostess_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  a_AT1  hopeless_JJ  memory_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  in_IO  love_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  a_AT1  bit_NN  absent-minded_JJ  or_CC  tend_VV0  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  sleepy_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  mornings_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  list_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  following_NN  ;_;  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  ,_,  check_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_DD1  what_DDQ  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  hot_JJ  is_VBZ  really_RR  hot_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  everything_PN1  looks_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  ,_,  fresh_JJ  :_:  
  tea_NN  ,_,  hot_JJ  water_NN  ;_;  milk_NN  and_CC  sugar_NN  (_(  or_CC  coffee_NN  ,_,  hot_JJ    but_CCB  not_XX  boiled_JJ  ;_;  milk_NN  and_CC  sugar_NN  )_)  .  
  toast_NN  ,_,  butter_NN  ,_,  marmalade_NN  .  
  fruit_NN  juice_NN  (_(  pleasantly_RR  chilled_VBN  )_)  ,_,  or_CC  grapefruit_NN  or_CC  stewed_JJ  fruit_NN  and_CC  soft_JJ  sugar_NN  .  
  main_JB  dish_NN  ,_,  salt_NN  ,_,  pepper_NN  ,_,  mustard_NN  ;_;  knife_NN  and_CC  fork_NN  ,_,  additional_JJ  knife_NN  .  
  spoon_NN  for_IO  fruit_NN  ,_,  teaspoon_NN  ,_,  butter-knife_NN  (_(  if_CS  the_AT1  butter_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  pats_NNS  )_)  ,_,  spoon_NN  for_IO  marmalade_NN  ,_,  knife_NN  for_IO  fresh_JJ  fruit_NN  (_(  if_CS  required_VBN  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  nothing_PN1  about_IO  flowers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  breakfast-tray_NN    a_AT1  small_JJ  attention_NN  sometimes_RR  recommended_VBN  .  
  my_APP$  feeling_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  room_NN  to_TO  spare_VV0  and_CC  one_MC1  is_VBZ  worried_JJ  about_IO  upsetting_VBG  a_AT1  vase_NN  ,_,  while_CS  a_AT1  flower_NN  out_RP  of_IO  water_NN  fidgets_VBZ  me_PPIO1  personally_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  prefer_VV0  flowers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  and_CC  never_RR  miss_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  tray_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  personal_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  some_DD  other_DA  considerations_NNS  affecting_VBG  this_DD1  particular_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  bliss_NN  are_VBR  pillows_NNS  and_CC  newspapers_NNS  ;_;  an_AT1  extra_JJ  pillow_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  to_TO  prop_VV0  one_MC1  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  more_DA  ,_,  morning_NN  papers_NNS  will_VM  never_RR  come_VV0  amiss_RR  to_IO  someone_PN1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  content_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  breakfast_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  downstairs_JB  breakfast_NN    porridge_NN  ,_,  cereals_NNS  ,_,  cold_JJ  game_NN  ,_,  ham_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  wide_JJ  selection_NN  of_IO  rolls_NNS  ,_,  baps_NNS  and_CC  different_JJ  marmalades_NNS  and_CC  honey_NN    is_VBZ  as_RG  wide_JJ  as_CS  your_APP$  purse_NN  can_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  need_VM  enlarge_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  here_RL  .  
  many_DA  older_JJ  people_NNS  and_CC  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  settle_VV0  for_IO  coffee_NN  or_CC  tea_NN  and_CC  toast_NN  and_CC  fruit_NN  juice_NN  .  
  although_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  points_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  observed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  even_RR  so_RG  simple_JJ  a_AT1  repast_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  worth_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  breakfast_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  old-fashioned_JJ  breakfast_NN    and_CC  really_RR  good_JJ  breakfast_NN  dishes_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  pleasing_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  food_NN    is_VBZ  appreciated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  energetic_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  prelude_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  day's_NN1$  walking_NN  or_CC  climbing_NN  or_CC  fishing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  holidays_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  work_NN  ;_;  even_RR  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  to_TO  sustain_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  perusal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  newspapers_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  the_AT1  best_JJT  aid_NN  to_IO  keeping_VBG  awake_JJ  during_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  sermon_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  this_DD1  chapter_NN  go_VV0  without_IO  saying_VBG  ,_,  briefly_RR  ,_,  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coin_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  being_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  guest_NN  .  
  however_CS much_RR  your_APP$  friends_NNS  love_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  add_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  pleasure_NN  in_IO  having_VHG  you_PPY  to_TO  stay_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  observe_VV0  the_AT1  small_JJ  courtesies_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  sounding_VBG  a_AT1  bit_NN  arbitrary_JJ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  making_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  suggestions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  hour_NN  than_CS  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  ,_,  remember_VV0  to_TO  telephone_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  late_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  suggest_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  convenient_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  this_DD1  at_IO  home_NN1  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  before_IO  arrival_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  smoke_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  ;_;  do_VD0  n't_XX  jump_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  bath_NN  ,_,  toes_NNS  and_CC  body_NN  dripping_VBG  and_CC  soaking_VBG  the_AT1  bath-mat_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  preliminary_JJ  mopping_VBG  up_RP  before_CS  you_PPY  get_VV0  out_RP  .  
  open_VV0  the_AT1  window_NN  before_CS  you_PPY  leave_VV0  .  
  be_VB0  quick_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  uptake_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  wishes_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  hostess_NN  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  little_DA  or_CC  no_AT1  domestic_JJ  aid_NN  ,_,  offer_VV0  to_TO  help_VV0  ;_;  if_CS  she_PPHO1  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  need_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  go_VV0  off_RP  on_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  with_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  or_CC  needle-work_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  left_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  entertaining_VBG  you_PPY  .  
  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  have_VH0  asked_VBN  about_IO  tipping_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  unconventional_JJ  help_NN  problems_NNS  about_IO  tips_NNS  can_VM  arise_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  nice_JJ  old-fashioned_JJ  housemaid_NN  ,_,  labelled_VBN  by_IO  cap_NN  and_CC  apron_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  enough_RGA  ;_;  when_CS you_PPY  leave_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  your_APP$  little_JJ  present_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  thank_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  looking_VBG  after_IO  you_PPY  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1    lady_NN  who_PNQS obliges_VBZ    that_PNQS can_VM  confound_VV0  you_PPY  ;_;  on_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  way_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  quietly_RR  consult_VV0  your_APP$  hostess_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  a_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  expected_VBN  to_TO  tip_VV0  men_NNS  servants_NNS  ;_;  nowadays_RR  if_CS  a_AT1  chauffeur_NN  meets_VBZ  you_PPY  and_CC  takes_VBZ  you_PPY  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  appreciation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO    how_CS much_DA    is_VBZ  too_RG  difficult_JJ  ,_,  depending_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  stay_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  purse_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  help_NN  and_CC  service_NN  you_PPY  receive_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  opinion_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  giving_VBG  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  thing_NN  who_PNQS remembers_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  thank_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  way_NN  need_VM  not_XX  worry_VV0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  manage_VV0  great_JJ  largesse_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  unfortunately_RR  happen_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  really_RR  enjoy_VV0  your_APP$  visit_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  uncomfortable_JJ  or_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  like_VV0  your_APP$  fellow_JB  guests_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  food_NN  ,_,  keep_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  darkly_RR  under_IO  your_APP$  hat_NN  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  regale_VV0  your_APP$  friends_NNS  and_CC  acquaintances_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  unfavourable_JJ  if_CS  amusing_JJ  narrative_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  stay_NN  ;_;  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  offend_VV0  against_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  canons_NNS  of_IO  decent_JJ  behaviour_NN  ,_,  however_CS funny_JJ  you_PPY  may_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  tale_NN  .  
  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  bad_JJ  manners_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  your_APP$  hostess_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  to_TO  hear_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  causing_VBG  great_JJ  hurt_NN  .  
  as_IO  one_MC1  greatly_RR  prejudiced_JJ  may_VM  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  noise_NN  .  
  young_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  generation_NN  have_VH0  conditioned_VBN  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  called_VBN  background_NN  noise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  carry_VV0  on_RP  conversations_NNS  ,_,  read_VV0  and_CC  play_VV0  games_NNS  against_IO  a_AT1  radio_NN  programme_NN    even_RR  against_IO  two_MC  from_IO  different_JJ  stations_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  apparent_JJ  inconvenience_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  early_JJ  training_NN  which_DDQ  expected_VVD  a_AT1  complete_JJ  cessation_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  when_CS music_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  performed_VBN  ,_,  that_PNQS causes_VBZ  me_PPIO1  and_CC  others_DA2  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  find_VV0  it_PPH1  quite_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  or_CC  listen_VV0  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ    background_NN  noise_NN    .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  considerate_JJ  about_IO  radios_NNS  and_CC  gramophones_NNS  and_CC  noise_NN  generally_RR  is_VBZ  rated_VBN  highly_RR  among_IO  good_JJ  manners_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  here_RL  something_PN1  amusing_JJ  that_PNQS happened_VVD  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  at_IO  Winkfield_NP  .  
  Charles_NP  Laughton_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  spend_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  after_IO  dinner_NN  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2   one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  passages_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  midsummer_NN  night's_NN1$  dream_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  rendered_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  parts_NNS    that_DD1  of_IO  Bottom_NP  in_RR  particular_RR    with_IO  bucolic_JJ  overtones_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  sitting-room_NN  is_VBZ  opposite_IO  two_MC  dormitory_NN  cottages_NNS  ,_,  where_CS all_DB  was_VBDZ  plainly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  heard_VBN  .  
  later_RRR  on_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  night_NN  nurse_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS goes_VBZ  the_AT1  rounds_NNS  about_RR  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  heard_VVD  a_AT1  radio_NN  still_RR  on_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  dormitory_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  girls_NNS  there_RL  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  radio_NN  off_RP  ,_,  saying_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  disturbing_VBG  me_PPIO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  tired_JJ  and_CC  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  bed_NN  early_RR    to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  the_AT1  disconcerting_JJ  reply_NN  :_:  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  silly_JJ  ,_,  nurse_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  been_VBN  having_VHG  dinner_NN  with_IO  Henry_NP  the_AT1  eighth_MD  .    
  6_MC  .  
  afternoon_NN  tea_NN  .  
  like_IO  breakfast_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  almost_RR  calls_VBZ  for_IO  special_JJ  pleading_NN  .  
  one_MC1  hears_VBZ  it_PPH1  said_VVD  that_CS  nobody_PN1  ever_RR  eats_VBZ  at_IO  tea_NN  time_NN  now_RL  ,_,  except_CS  on_IO  railway_NN  trains_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  only_RR  to_TO  kill_VV0  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  my_APP$  mind_NN  wanders_VBZ  to_IO  holidays_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  or_CC  to_IO  Devonshire_NP  and_CC  leisurely_JJ  teas_NNS  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  an_AT1  autumn_NN  evening_NN  ,_,  how_CS good_JJ  seems_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  buttered_JJ  toast_NN  or_CC  crumpets_NNS  and_CC  comforting_JJ  slices_NNS  of_IO  cake_NN  ;_;  how_CS welcome_JJ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  returned_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  day's_NN1$  shooting_NN  ,_,  hunting_NN  ,_,  golf_NN  ,_,  football_NN    whatever_DDQ  strenuous_JJ  pursuit_NN  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  afternoon_NN  tea_NN  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  fashion_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  good_JJ  hostess_NN  can_VM  afford_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  give_VV0  it_PPH1  some_DD  thought_NN  .  
  as_IO  cooks_NNS  we_PPIS2  will_VM  n't_XX  concern_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  with_IO  the_AT1  four-o'clock_JB  repast_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  China_NP  tea_NN  and_CC  lemon_NN  ,_,  just_RR  possibly_RR  a_AT1  wafer_NN  of_IO  thin_JJ  bread_NN  and_CC  butter_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  mere_JB  dismissing_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  cake_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  will_VM  leave_VV0  this_DD1  fashion_NN  aside_RP  and_CC  direct_VV0  our_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  substantial_JJ  teas_NNS  for_IO  hungry_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  exhausted_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  such_DA  meals_NNS  engage_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  our_APP$  culinary_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  many_DA  opportunities_NNS  to_TO  test_VV0  our_APP$  skill_NN  but_CCB  when_CS they_PPHS2  do_VD0  come_VV0  along_RP  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  tea_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  beverage_NN  ,_,  varies_VBZ  greatly_RR  in_IO  flavour_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  water_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  .  
  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  lucky_JJ  and_CC  have_VH0  hit_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  blend_NN  that_PNQS suits_VBZ  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  live_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  should_VM  consult_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  tea_NN  merchant_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  satisfactorily_RR  settled_VBN  once_RR  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  .  
  this_DD1  applies_VBZ  to_IO  both_DB2  Indian_JJ  and_CC  China_NP  teas_NNS  .  
  if_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  you_PPY  like_VV0  a_AT1    smoky_JJ    blend_NN  ,_,  mention_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  when_CS you_PPY  ask_VV0  advice_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS unorthodox_JJ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  dried_JJ  orange-peel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  caddy_NN  containing_VBG  China_NP  tea_NN  ;_;  purists_NNS  may_VM  howl_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  try_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  everyone_PN1  knows_VBZ  about_IO  hot_JJ  teapots_NNS  and_CC  really_RR  boiling_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  about_IO  using_VBG  freshly_RR  run_JJ  water_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  and_CC  not_XX  letting_VBG  it_PPH1  boil_VV0  too_RG  long_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  kettle_NN  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  these_DD2  minutiae_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  always_RR  properly_RR  observed_VBN  ;_;  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  teapot_NN  gets_VBZ  heated_VBN  with_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  not_XX  subsequently_RR  completely_RR  emptied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  nice_JJ  little_JJ  pool_NN  of_IO  tepid_JJ  water_NN  receives_VBZ  the_AT1  tea_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  water_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  kettle_NN  ,_,  steaming_VBG  away_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  pre-boiling_JB  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  poured_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  tea_NN  a_AT1  second_NN  or_CC  two_MC  too_RG  early_RR    so_RR  the_AT1  tea_NN  is_VBZ  horrid_JJ  .  
  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  fuss_NN  and_CC  nonsense_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  reason_NN  you_PPY  hear_VV0  people_NNS  say_VV0    few_DA  people_NNS  make_VV0  really_RR  good_JJ  tea_NN    is_VBZ  because_CS  this_DD1    nonsense_NN    is_VBZ  underrated_VBN  .  
  cream_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  offered_VBN  with_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  as_CS  once_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  usually_RR  handed_VBN  separately_RR  and_CC  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  tea_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fashion_NN  the_AT1  cups_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR  warmed_VBN  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  hot_JJ  water_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  cracking_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  sometimes_RR  do_VD0  when_CS filled_VBN  straight_RR  with_IO  hot_JJ  tea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  of_RR  course_RR  poured_VBN  away_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  tea_NN  basin_NN  .  
  milk_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  affair_NN  ;_;  if_CS  you_PPY  add_VV0  milk_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  tea_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  rather_RR    raw_JJ    taste_NN  difficult_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  ;_;  if_CS  you_PPY  put_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  cup_NN  first_RR  the_AT1  scalding_JJ  tea_NN  poured_VBN  onto_IO  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  mellower_JJ  taste_NN  .  
  the_AT1  renovation_NN  of_IO  Shiplake_NP  Lock_NNL1  in_IO  Oxfordshire_NP  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  lock_NN  at_IO  Shiplake_NP  dates_VBZ  from_IO  1787_MC  and_CC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pound_NN  lock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  lock_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  extensively_RR  overhauled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Thames_NP  conservancy_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  in_IO  1874_MC  .  
  the_AT1  lock_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  overall_JB  length_NN  from_IO  gate_NN  to_IO  gate_NN  of_IO  133_MC  \0ft_NNU  4_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  a_AT1  width_NN  between_IO  rubbing_NN  strips_NNS  of_IO  18_MC  \0ft_NNU  3_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  original_JJ  depth_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  cill_NN  of_IO  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  5_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  6_MC  \0in_NNU  at_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN    this_DD1  latter_DA  depth_NN  now_RL  being_VBG  increased_VBN  to_IO  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  3_MC  \0in_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  lock_NN  is_VBZ  situated_VBN  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Henley-on-Thames_NP  in_IO  Oxfordshire_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cills_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  lock_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  now_RL  been_VBN  replaced_VBN  ,_,  consisted_VVD  of_IO  timber_NN  baulks_NNS  spiked_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  sleepers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  lock_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  in_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  quoins_NNS  or_CC  corner_NN  pieces_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  shaped_VBN  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  the_AT1  heel_NN  post_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  square_JJ  in_IO  section_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  heel_NN  posts_NNS  being_VBG  hung_VBN  on_IO  pintles_NNS  set_VBN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  quoins_NNS  and_CC  secured_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  iron_NN  collar_NN  straps_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  a_AT1  water_NN  seal_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  heel_NN  post_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wall_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  mitre_NN  board_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  renovated_JJ  lock_NN  a_AT1  strip_NN  of_IO    Linatex_NP    rubber_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mitre_NN  board_NN  to_TO  improve_VV0  the_AT1  seal_NN  .  
  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  many_DA  locks_NNS  of_IO  early_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  hard_JJ  floor_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  concrete_NN  lock_NN  walls_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  timber_NN  baulks_NNS  of_IO  substantial_JJ  section_NN  were_VBDR  set_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  floor_NN  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  struts_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  bases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  .  
  renovation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  entailed_VVD  closure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  to_IO  traffic_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  place_NN  between_IO  October_NN1  31_MC  last_DA  and_CC  February_NN1  6_MC  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  overhaul_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  deterioration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  factors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  tilting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  headgate_NN  pintles_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  progressively_RR  moving_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  true_JJ  alignment_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  timber_NN  sleepers_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  cill_NN  deteriorated_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  caused_VVD  jamming_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  pintle_NN  casting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  heelpost_NN  shoe_NN  casting_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  situation_NN  which_DDQ  required_VVD  removal_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  components_NNS  on_IO  two_MC  occasions_NNS  for_IO  machining_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  palliative_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  with_IO  continued_JJ  settling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pintles_NNS  .  
  considerable_JJ  leakage_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  taking_VBG  place_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  timber_NN  sleepers_NNS  and_CC  through_IO  lift_NN  construction_NN  joints_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cill_NN  wall_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  impairing_VBG  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  timber_NN  cills_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  worn_JJ  on_IO  their_APP$  surfaces_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  being_VBG  decayed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  recapped_VBN  several_DA  times_NNS  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  tight_JJ  fit_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  gates_NNS  .  
  further_JB  causes_NNS  of_IO  anxiety_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  decayed_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  timber_NN  baulks_NNS  bracing_VBG  the_AT1  toe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  walls_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  deterioration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  floor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  site_NN  preparations_NNS  for_IO  lock_NN  repairs_NNS  are_VBR  normally_RR  governed_VBN  by_IO  absence_NN  of_IO  road_NN  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  closed_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  all_DB  materials_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  including_IO  sufficient_JJ  barges_NNS  for_IO  transportation_NN  of_IO  broken_JJ  stone_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  lock_NN  is_VBZ  sealed_VBN  off_RP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  instance_NN  ,_,  road_NN  access_NN  was_VBDZ  available_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  some_DD  100_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  separated_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  a_AT1  water_NN  meadow_NN  liable_JJ  to_IO  recurrent_JJ  flooding_NN  and_CC  by_IO  a_AT1  60_MC  \0ft_NNU  wide_JJ  leat_NN  which_DDQ  formed_VVD  the_AT1  water_NN  course_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  mill_NN  which_DDQ  existed_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  in_IO  earlier_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  preparations_NNS  thus_RR  commenced_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  transport_NN  by_IO  barge_NN  and_CC  erection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  3_MC  ton_NN  Butters_NP  luffing_NN  derrick_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  commanded_VVD  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  recesses_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  crane_NN  was_VBDZ  supplemented_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  Priestman_NP  Wolf_NP  crane_NN  fitted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  40_MC  \0ft_NNU  boom_NN  for_IO  service_NN  at_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  points_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  being_VBG  augmented_VBN  when_CS necessary_JJ  by_IO  a_AT1  3_MC  1/2_MC  ton_NN  Grafton_NP  steam_NN  crane_NN  mounted_VBN  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  barges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  preparation_NN  plant_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  15_MC  ton_NN  Portasilo_NP  to_IO  which_DDQ  cement_NN  was_VBDZ  delivered_VBN  in_IO  bulk_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0C.M.C_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  unit_NN  being_VBG  set_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  Parker_NP  14/10_MC  mixer_NN  with_IO  weighbatcher_NN  and_CC  scraper_NN  unit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  batching_NN  and_CC  stockpile_NN  yard_NN  was_VBDZ  located_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  flood_NN  level_NN  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  levelled_JJ  dump_NN  of_IO  Thames_NP  ballast_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  aggregate_NN  and_CC  sand_NN  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  were_VBDR  Kennett_NP  gravels_NNS  ,_,  derived_VBN  from_IO  Hall_NP  &_CC  \0Co.'s_NNP$  pit_NN  at_IO  Theale_NP  .  
  type_NN  of_IO  conveyance_NN  of_IO  concrete_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  batching_NN  plant_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  was_VBDZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  waterlogged_JJ  ground_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  60_MC  \0ft_NNU  wide_JJ  leat_NN  ,_,  limited_JJ  space_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  side_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  desirability_NN  of_IO  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  lock_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  transportation_NN  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  road_NN  machines_NNS  monorail_NN  system_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  12.5_MC  \0cu.ft_NNU  skips_NNS  are_VBR  driven_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  7_MC  1/2_MC  \0b.h.p_NNU  motor_NN  and_CC  hydraulic_JJ  drive_NN  .  
  the_AT1  skips_NNS  are_VBR  set_VBN  in_IO  motion_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  loading_NN  point_NN  and_CC  travel_VV0  unattended_JJ  until_CS  stopped_VBN  automatically_RR  wherever_CS a_AT1  special_JJ  stopping_NN  device_NN  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rail_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  particularly_RR  useful_JJ  in_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  rail_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  along_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  section_NN  of_IO  rail_NN  was_VBDZ  located_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  upon_IO  these_DD2  rails_NNS  was_VBDZ  mounted_VBN  a_AT1  travelling_JJ  bridge_NN  which_DDQ  traversed_VVD  the_AT1  lock_NN  length_NN  .  
  a_AT1  riser_NN  rail_NN  connected_VVD  the_AT1  main_JB  mono-rail_NN  system_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  length_NN  of_IO  curved_JJ  rail_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  .  
  concrete_NN  was_VBDZ  discharged_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  skips_NNS  ,_,  through_IO  openings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  trunking_NN  system_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  of_IO  particular_JJ  importance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  provision_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  drainage_NN  and_CC  pumping_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  wet_JJ  season_NN  ,_,  when_CS high_JJ  head_NN  and_CC  tail_NN  water_NN  conditions_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  cofferdams_NNS  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  ground_NN  water_NN  level_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  close_RR  to_IO  surface_NN  .  
  experience_NN  on_IO  work_NN  at_IO  other_DA  locks_NNS  had_VHD  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  throttle_NN  settings_NNS  of_IO  normal_JJ  self-priming_JJ  centrifugal_JJ  pumps_NNS  required_VVD  constant_JJ  attention_NN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  time_NN  lost_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  flooding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workings_NNS  .  
  when_CS pumping_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  sump_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  22_MC  \0ft_NNU  vertical_JJ  suction_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  setting_NN  too_RG  far_RR  advanced_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  slackening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inflow_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sump_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  emptied_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  suction_NN  lost_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  priming_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  regained_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  water_NN  level_NN  would_VM  rapidly_RR  rise_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  workings_NNS  .  
  similar_JJ  delays_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  experienced_VBN  when_CS sudden_JJ  inflows_NNS  were_VBDR  encountered_VBN  or_CC  when_CS the_AT1  pump_NN  speed_NN  fell_VVD  for_IO  any_DD  reason_NN  .  
  such_DA  pumps_NNS  also_RR  required_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  immediately_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  working_NN  space_NN  available_JJ  .  
  past_RP  experience_NN  indicated_VVD  that_CS  an_AT1  inflow_NN  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  90,000_MC  \0gall_NNU  /_IO  hour_NN  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  reasonably_RR  expected_VBN  and_CC  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  unforseen_JJ  contingencies_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  Sykes_NP  8_MC  \0in_NNU  Univacs_NP2  were_VBDR  installed_VBN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  twice_RR  this_DD1  capacity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  pumps_NNS  enabled_VVD  a_AT1  horizontal_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  vertical_JJ  suction_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  enabling_VBG  the_AT1  pumps_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  located_VBN  well_RR  clear_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  working_NN  area_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  of_IO  greatest_JJT  importance_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  level_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sump_NN  remained_VVD  constant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flange_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  suction_NN  pipe_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pumps_NNS  were_VBDR  arranged_VBN  to_TO  deliver_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  spillway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  mill_NN  which_DDQ  served_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  useful_JJ  collecting_JJ  launder_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  gravel_NN  pumped_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Univacs_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  pumps_NNS  were_VBDR  powered_VBN  by_IO  Ruston_NP  &_CC  Hornsby_NP  4_MC  \0VHR_NP  oil_NN  engines_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  pumps_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  each_DD1  morning_NN  for_IO  rapid_JJ  dewatering_NN  .  
  thereafter_RR  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  seepage_NN  water_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  total_JJ  head_NN  from_IO  all_DB  causes_NNS  of_IO  about_RR  30_MC  \0ft_NNU  including_IO  a_AT1  vertical_JJ  lift_NN  of_IO  22_MC  \0ft_NNU  the_AT1  inflow_NN  was_VBDZ  well_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  pump's_NN1$  capacity_NN  of_IO  about_RR  90,000_MC  \0gall_NNU  /_IO  hour_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  duty_NN  and_CC  worked_VBN  for_IO  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN    on_IO  snore_NN  .    
  site_NN  lighting_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  mains_JB  electricity_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  pumps_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  started_VBN  up_RP  some_DD  2_MC  hours_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  shift_NN  began_VVD  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  time_NN  the_AT1  lock_NN  was_VBDZ  emptied_VBN  of_IO  some_DD  210,000_MC  gallons_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  which_DDQ  accumulated_VVD  during_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pump_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  run_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  shift_NN  had_VHD  finished_VBN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  concrete_NN  to_TO  set_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  operations_NNS  started_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  driving_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  and_CC  tail_NN  cofferdams_NNS  ,_,  Larssen_NP  \0no_NN  2_MC  piles_NNS  being_VBG  used_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN    where_CS extra_JJ  strength_NN  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  the_AT1  greater_JJ  water_NN  pressure_NN  loading_NN    pitched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Priestman_NP  crane_NN  and_CC  driven_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  \0no_NN  5_MC  \0BSP_NP  steam_NN  hammer_NN  .  
  number_NN  \0IU_NP  Larssen_NP  piles_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  dam_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  dam_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pitching_NN  and_CC  driving_NN  were_VBDR  effected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  barge_NN  mounted_VBN  Grafton_NP  steam_NN  crane_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bracing_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  dam_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  12_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  12_MC  \0in_NNU  struts_NNS  ,_,  braced_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  walls_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  dam_NN  two_MC  21_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  8_MC  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  \0RSJ_NNS  40_MC  \0ft_NNU  long_RR  were_VBDR  used_VBN  ,_,  strutted_VBN  from_IO  sheet_NN  piling_NN  driven_VBN  into_IO  either_LE  bank_NN  .  
  baulks_NNS  of_IO  Douglas_NP  fir_NN  were_VBDR  then_RL  wedged_VBN  into_IO  position_NN  at_IO  15_MC  \0ft_NNU  centres_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  spacing_NN  being_VBG  arranged_VBN  to_TO  coincide_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  vertical_JJ  rubbing_NN  strips_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  .  
  these_DD2  baulks_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  tiers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  lower_JJ  tier_NN  being_VBG  emplaced_VBN  by_IO  diver_NN  whilst_CS  the_AT1  lock_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  full_JJ  ,_,  each_DD1  baulk_NN  being_VBG  temporarily_RR  weighted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  Larssen_NP  piling_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  dams_NNS  completed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  wall_NN  struts_NNS  in_IO  place_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Univac_NP  pumps_NNS  in_IO  position_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lock_NN  was_VBDZ  pumped_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  suction_NN  line_NN  being_VBG  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  recess_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  water_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  inches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  \0dia_NN  ,_,  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  deep_JJ  sump_NN  was_VBDZ  excavated_VBN  just_RR  upstream_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  gate_NN  recess_NN  .  
  this_DD1  took_VVD  place_NN  inside_IO  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  trench_NN  sheeting_NN  ,_,  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  \0dia_NN  precast_JJ  concrete_JJ  tube_NN  sections_NNS  being_VBG  used_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  sump_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  below_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  level_NN  which_DDQ  allowed_VVD  1_MC1  \0ft_NNU  6_MC  \0in_NNU  below_IO  the_AT1  invert_NN  of_IO  drainpipes_NNS  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  gravel_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  this_DD1  box_NN  sheeting_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  extended_VBN  up_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  wide_JJ  trench_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  drain_VV0  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  trench_NN  being_VBG  filled_VBN  with_IO  hard_JJ  core_NN  over_IO  drain_NN  .  
  excavation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  followed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  completed_JJ  hard_JJ  core_NN  drain_NN  in_IO  15_MC  \0ft_NNU  sections_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  trench_NN  sheeting_NN  being_VBG  removed_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  thick_JJ  mass_NN  concrete_NN  slab_NN  of_IO  7.4_MC  :_:  1_MC1  total_JJ  aggregate_NN  cement_NN  ratio_NN  being_VBG  emplaced_VBN  to_IO  within_IO  3_MC  \0ft_NNU  of_IO  each_DD1  wall_NN  .  
  on_IO  completion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  3_MC  \0ft_NNU  strip_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  was_VBDZ  removed_VBN  and_CC  any_DD  over_JB  excavation_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  filled_VBN  with_IO  concrete_NN  and_CC  underpinned_VBN  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  6_MC  \0in_NNU  back_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  stage_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  emplacement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  30_MC  \0deg_NNU  batter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  drain_NN  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  covered_VBN  over_RP  .  
  its_APP$  function_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  drain_VV0  both_DB2  the_AT1  head_NN  and_CC  tail_NN  dams_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Univac_NP  holding_VBG  the_AT1  water_NN  level_NN  permanently_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soffit_NN  .  
  on_IO  completion_NN  all_DB  sumps_NNS  were_VBDR  concreted_VBN  ,_,  sealing_VBG  the_AT1  underdrainage_NN  system_NN  .  
  whilst_CS  this_DD1  work_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  progress_NN  ,_,  other_DA  repairs_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  effected_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  and_CC  tail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  ,_,  where_CS new_JJ  cills_NNS  and_CC  groins_NNS  were_VBDR  under_IO  construction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  cills_NNS  consist_VV0  of_IO  31.33_MC  \0lb_NNU  /_IO  \0ft_NNU  steel_NN  channels_NNS  of_IO  12_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  4_MC  \0in_NNU  section_NN  ,_,  set_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  new_JJ  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  thick_JJ  slabs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  channels_NNS  being_VBG  bolted_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  bases_NNS  by_IO  Rawlbolts_NP2  and_CC  secured_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  step_NN  concrete_NN  behind_RP  by_IO  welded_JJ  attachments_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  channels_NNS  .  
  repair_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  walls_NNS  consisted_VVD  of_IO  cutting_VBG  back_RP  the_AT1  old_JJ  face_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  some_DD  2_MC  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  with_IO  chipping_NN  hammers_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  refacing_VBG  with_IO  gunite_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  2_MC  \0in_NNU  over_IO  a_AT1  \0B.R.C_NP  reinforcing_NN  fabric_NN  .  
  new_JJ  tail_NN  gates_NNS  were_VBDR  fabricated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Reading_NP  workshops_NNS  and_CC  delivered_VBN  by_IO  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  gates_NNS  have_VH0  three_MC  sluices_NNS  to_IO  each_DD1  gate_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  head_NN  gates_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  carried_VVD  four_MC  sluices_NNS  to_IO  each_DD1  gate_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  overhauled_VBN  ,_,  these_DD2  gates_NNS  being_VBG  only_RR  7_MC  to_IO  8_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  paddles_NNS  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  sluices_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  converted_VBN  to_IO  hydraulic_JJ  operation_NN  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  gate_NN  movement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hydraulic_JJ  equipment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  and_CC  operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  pairs_NNS  of_IO  lock_NN  gates_NNS  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  capable_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  operated_VBN  either_LE  under_IO  power_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  keeper_NN  from_IO  local_JJ  control_NN  pedestals_NNS  located_VBN  near_IO  each_DD1  pair_NN  of_IO  gates_NNS  or_CC  manually_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  pedestals_NNS  by_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  keeper's_NN1$  working_NN  hours_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  requirement_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  met_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  hydraulic_JJ  power_NN  equipment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  house_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  equipment_NN  supplying_VBG  a_AT1  pressure_NN  supply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  pedestals_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  may_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  generate_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  pressure_NN  supply_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  handwheel_NN  operated_JJ  transmitter_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  outlook_NN  for_IO  rating_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0B_NP  \0A_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  \0F.I.M.T.A_NP  ,_,  \0F.S.A.A_NP  ,_,  \0A.R.V.A_NP  .  
    if_CS  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  retain_VV0  a_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  buildings_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  criterion_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  local_JJ  expenditure_NN  is_VBZ  apportioned_VBN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  ,_,  why_CS should_VM  we_PPIS2  not_XX  forget_VV0  rental_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  use_VV0  ,_,  instead_RR  ,_,  capital_NN  values_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  highly_RR  interesting_JJ  suggestion_NN  put_VBN  forward_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  ,_,  supported_VBN  by_IO  arguments_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  difficulty_NN  and_CC  unreality_NN  of_IO  present_JJ  methods_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  advantages_NNS  claimed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  proposal_NN  .  
  in_IO  1601_MC  the_AT1  churchwardens_NNS  and_CC  overseers_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  parish_NN  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  setting_VBG  the_AT1  poor_JJ  to_IO  work_NN  and_CC  of_IO  relieving_VBG  those_DD2  unable_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  .  
  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  wherewithal_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  duty_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  empowered_VBN  to_TO  tax_VV0  every_AT1  inhabitant_NN  and_CC  occupier_NN  of_IO  lands_NNS  .  
  rental_JJ  values_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  1836_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  assessment_NN  was_VBDZ  defined_VBN  by_IO  statute_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parochial_JJ  assessments_NNS  act_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  rates_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  rent_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  rateable_JJ  hereditaments_NNS  might_VM  reasonably_RR  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  let_VV0  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  basis_NN  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  to_TO  apply_VV0  ever_RR  since_II  ,_,  although_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  devices_NNS  needed_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  desired_JJ  end_NN  have_VH0  amply_RR  justified_VBN  the_AT1  classification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  valuer's_NN1$  work_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  art_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  science_NN  .  
  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1    contractor's_NN1$  theory_NN  ,_,    the_AT1    profits_NNS  basis_NN    ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  tortuous_JJ  methods_NNS  which_DDQ  often_RR  appear_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  uninitiated_JJ  merely_RR  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  pseudo-scientific_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  justifying_VBG  valuations_NNS  preconceived_VBN  on_IO  more_RG  mundane_JJ  bases_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  assessments_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  related_VBN  reasonably_RR  directly_RR  to_IO  factual_JJ  rental_NN  evidence_NN  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  not_XX  been_VBN  so_RG  great_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  render_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  system_NN  suspect_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  resort_VV0  to_IO  1939_MC  values_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  maintain_VV0  this_DD1  position_NN  .  
  admittedly_RR  extensive_JJ  rent_NN  control_NN  has_VHZ  severely_RR  limited_VBN  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO    true_JJ    rents_NNS  available_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  valuer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    hypothetical_JJ  tenant_NN    has_VHZ  enabled_VBN  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  .  
  immediate_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  arrived_VBN  when_CS 1939_MC  values_NNS  can_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  possible_JJ  relevance_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  1960s_MC2  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  another_DD1  revaluation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  problem_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  faced_VBN  of_IO  determining_VBG  up-to-date_JJ  values_NNS  for_IO  dwellings_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  for_IO  non-residential_JJ  properties_NNS  .  
  especially_RR  is_VBZ  this_DD1  so_PN1  because_CS  over_RR  86_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  rateable_JJ  properties_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  are_VBR  dwellings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  disclosed_VBN  on_IO  February_NN1  23_MC  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rating_NN  and_CC  valuation_NN  bill_NN  which_DDQ  postponed_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  revaluation_NN  until_IO  1963_MC  :_:    **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  undertake_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  revaluation_NN  with_IO  confidence_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  valuation_NN  office_NN  needed_VVD  satisfactory_JJ  rental_NN  evidence_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  sample_NN  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  dwellings_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  percentage_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  in_IO  time_NN  for_IO  1963_MC  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  some_DD  areas_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  some_DD  types_NNS  of_IO  property_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  view_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  rather_RR  too_RG  sanguine_JJ  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  many_DA  areas_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN    for_IO  example_NN  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  relatively_RR  modern_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  short-term_JB  interest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  question_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  rental_NN  evidence_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  any_DD  subsequent_JJ  revaluations_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  future_JB  problems_NNS  .  
  since_IO  1939_MC  practically_RR  no_AT1  new_JJ  houses_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  built_VBN  for_IO  letting_NN  except_IO  by_IO  public_JJ  bodies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  society_NN  movement_NN  ,_,  hampered_VBN  though_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  by_IO  limited_JJ  available_JJ  funds_NNS  ,_,  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  owner-occupation_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  most_DA  people_NNS  prefer_VV0  (_(  or_CC  are_VBR  forced_VBN  into_IO  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  February_NN1  1961_MC  white_JJ  paper_NN  on_IO    housing_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP    (_(  \0Cmd_NP  1290_MC  )_)  sums_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  says_VBZ  :_:    
    house_NN  purchase_NN  ,_,  stimulated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  average_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  than_CS  this_DD1  country_NN  has_VHZ  ever_RR  before_II  enjoyed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  assisted_VBN  financially_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  purchase_NN  and_CC  housing_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  spreading_VBG  rapidly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  urge_NN  for_IO  home-ownership_NN  shows_VBZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  diminishing_VBG  .    
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  latest_JJT  intention_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  more_DA  houses_NNS  to_TO  let_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  says_VBZ  :_:    
    as_IO  an_AT1  experiment_NN  the_AT1  government_NN  propose_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  arrangements_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  money_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  advanced_VBN  to_IO  approved_JJ  non-profit-making_JJ  housing_NN  associations_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  houses_NNS  to_TO  let_VV0  at_IO  economic_JJ  rents_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  this_DD1  as_IO  essentially_RR  a_AT1  pump-priming_JJ  operation_NN  and_CC  hope_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  serve_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  investment_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  capital_NN  once_RR  again_RR  in_IO  building_VBG  houses_NNS  to_TO  let_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  idea_NN  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  encourage_VV0  non-profit-making_JJ  enterprises_NNS  to_TO  produce_VV0  some_DD  houses_NNS  to_TO  let_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  rents_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  charged_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  rents_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  authority_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  rating_NN  assessments_NNS  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  profit_NN  motive_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  such_DA  rents_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  equal_VV0    the_AT1  figure_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  hypothetical_JJ  landlord_NN  and_CC  tenant_NN  would_VM  .  come_VV0  to_IO  terms_NNS  .  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  higgling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN    .    
  (_(  Robinson_NP  case_NN  ,_,  1937_MC  .  )_)  
  as_IO  a_AT1    pump-priming_JJ    operation_NN  the_AT1  potential_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  is_VBZ  more_RG  uncertain_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  the_AT1  relaxation_NN  of_IO  rent_NN  restrictions_NNS  will_VM  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  to_TO  let_VV0  although_CS  ,_,  for_IO  many_DA  reasons_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  investing_VBG  one's_$  money_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  security_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  probably_RR  remain_VV0  ,_,  unfashionable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  trend_NN  is_VBZ  towards_IO  owner-occupied_JJ  dwellings_NNS  ,_,  leaving_VBG  only_RR  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  non-profit-making_JJ  associations_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  for_IO  those_DD2  unable_JJ  or_CC  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  buy_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  houses_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  trend_NN  continues_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  must_VM  come_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  remnant_NN  of_IO  privately_RR  let_JJ  houses_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  insufficient_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  ascertaining_VBG  standards_NNS  of_IO  rents_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  to_TO  assess_VV0  rateable_JJ  values_NNS  which_DDQ  comply_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  definition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  stage_NN  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  reached_VBN  at_IO  which_DDQ  only_RR  flats_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  minority_NN  of_IO  smaller_JJ  houses_NNS  will_VM  provide_VV0  any_DD  acceptable_JJ  rental_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rents_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  properties_NNS  a_AT1    scarcity_NN    element_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  criticisms_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  levelled_VBN  against_IO  rating_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  taxation_NN  no_AT1  better_JJ  alternative_NN  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  found_VBN  general_JJ  acceptance_NN  .  
  if_CS  local_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  retain_VV0  any_DD  semblance_NN  of_IO  autonomy_NN  (_(  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  bulwark_NN  of_IO  democracy_NN  this_DD1  must_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  )_)  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  its_APP$  own_DA  independent_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  locally_RR  based_JJ  income_NN  .  
  without_IO  exploring_VBG  the_AT1  wide_JJ  realms_NNS  of_IO  argument_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  fair_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  informed_JJ  people_NNS  would_VM  agree_VV0  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hicks_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$    public_JJ  finance_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  that_CS      in_IO  principle_NN  .  a_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  land_NN  and_CC  buildings_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  local_JJ  taxes_NNS  )_)  has_VHZ  much_DA  to_TO  commend_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  unless_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  assessments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  arbitrary_JJ  nature_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  will_VM  inevitably_RR  bring_VV0  the_AT1  system_NN  into_IO  even_RR  greater_JJ  disrepute_NN  )_)  we_PPIS2  must_VM  find_VV0  some_DD  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  impasse_NN  .  
  a_AT1  solution_NN  .  
  an_AT1  abortive_JJ  attempt_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1948_MC  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  proposed_VBN  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  the_AT1    rental_JJ  values_NNS    of_IO  most_DA  post-1918_JB  houses_NNS  by_IO  taking_VBG  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  hypothetical_JJ  1938_MC  cost_NN  of_IO  construction_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  site_NN  costs_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  proposal_NN  courted_VVD  almost_RR  certain_JJ  failure_NN  for_IO  two_MC  reasons_NNS  :_:    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  its_APP$  arbitrary_JJ  nature_NN  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  the_AT1  different_JJ  treatment_NN  accorded_VBN  to_IO  other_DA  classes_NNS  of_IO  dwellings_NNS  and_CC  properties_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  why_CS must_VM  we_PPIS2  strive_VV0  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  some_DD  illusory_JJ  rental_JJ  value_NN  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  such_DA  rental_JJ  value_NN  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  retain_VV0  a_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  buildings_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  criterion_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  local_JJ  expenditure_NN  is_VBZ  apportioned_VBN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  ,_,  why_CS should_VM  we_PPIS2  not_XX  forget_VV0  rental_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  use_VV0  ,_,  instead_RR  ,_,  capital_NN  values_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  obviously_RR  much_RR  more_RG  easily_RR  ascertainable_JJ  because_CS  the_AT1  sales_NNS  market_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  much_RR  more_RG  active_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  lettings_NNS  market_NN  .  
  would_VM  it_PPH1  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  relatively_RR  simple_JJ  matter_NN  (_(  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  dubious_JJ  antics_NNS  )_)  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  hereditament_NN  might_VM  reasonably_RR  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  sell_VV0  with_IO  vacant_JJ  possession_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  market_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  reasonably_RR  maintained_VBN  and_CC  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  purposes_NNS  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  site_NN  value_NN  tax_NN  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  proposal_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  confused_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  rating_NN  of_IO  site_NN  values_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  subject_NN  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  become_VBN  entangled_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  considerations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  now_RL  made_VBN  need_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  party_NN  political_JJ  implications_NNS  because_CS  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  affect_VV0  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  taxation_NN  as_IO  between_II  occupiers_NNS  and_CC  owners_NNS  .  
  unoccupied_JJ  sites_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  exempt_JJ  ,_,  partially_RR  exempt_JJ  or_CC  wholly_RR  chargeable_JJ    these_DD2  are_VBR  questions_NNS  irrelevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  idea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  suggested_JJ  capital_NN  values_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  simpler_JJ  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  than_IO  site_NN  values_NNS  because_CS  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  apportioning_VBG  an_AT1  aggregate_JJ  value_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  building_NN  would_VM  not_XX  arise_VV0  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  talking_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  selling_NN  price_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  factor_NN  understood_VBN  by_IO  everybody_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  some_DD  notional_JJ  apportionment_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  authors_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  majority_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  minority_NN  reports_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  inquiry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  rating_NN  of_IO  site_NN  values_NNS  (_(  1952_MC  )_)  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  obsessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  annual_JJ  rental_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  for_CS  both_DB2  reports_NNS  speak_VV0  of_IO    the_AT1  annual_JJ  site_NN  value_NN    (_(  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  yearly_JJ  rent_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  site_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  yield_VV0  if_CS  let_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  valuation_NN  date_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  perpetual_JJ  tenure_NN  )_)  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  capital_NN  levy_NN  .  
  although_CS  assessments_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  capital_NN  values_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  rate_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  tax_NN  on_IO  capital_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  liability_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  met_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  capital_NN  .  
  nor_CC  would_VM  it_PPH1  fall_VV0  on_IO  ,_,  or_CC  be_VB0  passed_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  not_XX  also_RR  the_AT1  occupier_NN  ,_,  any_RG  more_RRR  than_CS  do_VD0  present_JJ  rates_NNS  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  capital_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  annual_JJ  values_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  ratepayer's_NN1$  contribution_NN  .  
  advantages_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  minor_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  assessment_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  psychological_JJ  one_MC1    the_AT1  rate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pound_NN  payable_JJ  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  frightening_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  over_RR  20_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  *+_NNU  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO  a_DA  few_DA  pence_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  *+_NNU  .  
  another_DD1  advantage_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1    contractor's_NN1$  test_NN  ,_,    the_AT1    profits_NNS  basis_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  hypotheses_NNS  now_RL  forced_VBN  on_IO  valuers_NNS  would_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  needed_VBN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  ratepayer's_NN1$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  solid_JJ  facts_NNS  more_RG  readily_RR  available_JJ  to_TO  enable_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  contest_VV0  an_AT1  assessment_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  worth_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  by_IO  looking_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  agents'_NN2  windows_NNS  .  
  where_CS can_VM  he_PPHO1  possibly_RR  obtain_VV0  any_DD  convincing_JJ  data_NNS  about_IO  his_APP$  rental_JJ  value_NN  now_RL  .  
  although_CS  some_DD  shift_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  burden_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  occupiers_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  property_NN  may_VM  result_VV0  ,_,  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  no_RR  greater_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  conceiveably_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  smaller_JJ  ,_,  than_IO  that_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  faced_VBN  in_IO  bringing_VBG  rent-based_JJ  values_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  ratepayers_NNS  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  their_APP$  assessments_NNS  more_RG  clearly_RR  than_IO  those_DD2  based_VBN  on_IO  mythical_JJ  rents_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  able_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  soundness_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  assessments_NNS  .  
  some_DD  change_NN  must_VM  come_VV0  .  
  hand-to-mouth_JB  methods_NNS  of_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  present_JJ  system_NN  rumble_VV0  along_RP  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  perpetuated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  surprising_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  successive_JJ  governments_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  content_JJ  to_TO  manipulate_VV0  an_AT1  impossible_JJ  system_NN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  seriously_RR  suggested_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  method_NN  proposed_VBN  might_VM  provide_VV0  the_AT1  solution_NN  .  
  London's_PPIO2  pure_JJ  water_NN  .  
  bacterial_JJ  analysis_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1960_MC  the_AT1  water_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  water_NN  board_NN  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  free_JJ  from_IO  escherichia_&FW  coli_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  indication_NN  of_IO  faecal_JJ  pollution_NN  .  
  a_AT1  report_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  examination_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  states_VBZ  that_CS  99.97_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  samples_NNS  passing_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  system_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  were_VBDR  free_JJ  from_IO  this_DD1  organism_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  ever_RR  achieved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  during_IO  nine_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  twelve_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  water_NN  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  100_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  purity_NN  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  this_DD1  test_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  illuminated_JJ  signs_NNS  .  
  manufacturers_NNS  critical_JJ  of_IO  planning_NN  authorities'_NN2  approach_NN  .  
  an_AT1  attractively_RR  illustrated_JJ  brochure_NN  entitled_VBN  pageant_NN  or_CC  penumbra_NN  .  recently_RR  published_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  sign_NN  manufacturers'_NN2  association_NN  invites_VBZ  planning_NN  authorities_NNS  to_TO  exercise_VV0  more_DA  flexibility_NN  of_IO  attitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  and_CC  siting_NN  of_IO  illuminated_JJ  signs_NNS  when_CS dealing_VBG  with_IO  planning_NN  applications_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  states_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  association's_NN1$  members_NNS  are_VBR  ready_JJ  to_TO  respond_VV0  whole-heartedly_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  lead_NN  for_IO  greater_JJ  originality_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  more_RG  venturesome_JJ  spirit_NN  .  
  twenty-first_MD  annual_JJ  sale_NN  .  
  Gill's_PPIO2  growingly-popular_JB  event_NN  .  
  John_NP  \0H_NP  Gill_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  (_(  Leeming_NP  Bar_NP  )_)  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Leeming_NP  Bar_NP  ,_,  Northallerton_NP  ,_,  \0Yorks_NP  ,_,  recently_RR  celebrated_VVD  their_APP$  21st_MD  annual_JJ  sale_NN  of_IO  second-hand_JB  machinery_NN  .  
  to_TO  mark_VV0  the_AT1  event_NN  a_AT1  dinner_NN  dance_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Scotch_NP  Corner_NNL1  Hotel_NNL1  and_CC  upwards_RR  of_IO  200_MC  farmers_NNS  ,_,  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  staff_NN  were_VBDR  present_JJ  .  
  while_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  second-hand_JB  machinery_NN  sale_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  celebrated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  feature_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ballroom_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  Massey-Ferguson_NP  tractor_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  shone_VVD  quite_RR  brilliantly_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  spotlight_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  understand_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  while_CS  it_PPH1  excited_VVD  much_DA  attention_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  intrude_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dancing_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  \0H_NP  Gill_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  sons_NNS  ,_,  \0Messrs_NNSB2  John_NP  Arthur_NP  ,_,  Robert_NP  William_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Frank_NP  (_(  who_PNQS are_VBR  all_DB  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  )_)  ,_,  were_VBDR  ,_,  naturally_RR  ,_,  much_RR  in_IO  demand_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Sterne_NP  ,_,  of_IO  York_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Massey-Ferguson_NP  area_NN  manager_NN  .  
  the_AT1  highest_JJT  price_NN  obtained_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  itself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  *+1,000_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  combine_NN  ,_,  while_CS  a_AT1  tractor_NN  sold_VVD  for_IO  *+400_NNU  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  informed_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  sales_NNS  are_VBR  proving_VBG  growingly_RR  successful_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  being_VBG  four_MC  times_NNS  as_RG  much_DA  machinery_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  last_DA  one_MC1  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  .  
  Standen_NP  expansion_NN  .  
  such_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sugar_NN  beet_NN  harvesting_NN  and_CC  other_DA  machinery_NN  manufactured_VBN  by_IO  \0F_NP  \0A_NP  Standen_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Ely_NP  ,_,  \0Cambs_NP  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  already_RR  having_VHG  an_AT1  extension_NN  built_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  factory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  illustration_NN  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  progress_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  latest_JJT  enterprise_NN  .  
  Wallace's_PPIO2  become_VV0  Fordson_NP  dealers_NNS  .  
  directors_NNS  at_IO  signing_NN  ceremony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  signing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Fordson_NP  tractor_NN  main_JB  dealer_NN  agreement_NN  between_IO  John_NP  Wallace_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  (_(  Ayr_NP  )_)  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Ayr_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tractor_NN  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ford_NP  motor_NN  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Dagenham_NP  ,_,  Essex_NP  ,_,  took_VVD  place_NN  recently_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sales_NNS  operations_NNS  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tractor_NN  division_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0M_NP  MacDonald_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  present_JJ    as_CS  our_APP$  photograph_NN  shows_VBZ    to_TO  greet_VV0  two_MC  directors_NNS  of_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Wallace_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Thompson_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0K_NP  Henderson_NP  .  
  this_DD1  Scottish_JJ  company_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  actively_RR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tractor_NN  business_NN  since_IO  1924_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  history_NN  goes_VBZ  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trading_NN  area_NN  served_VBN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  small_JJ  ,_,  well-managed_JJ  farms_NNS  ,_,  largely_RR  specialising_VBG  in_IO  milk_NN  production_NN  and_CC  growing_VBG  early_JJ  potatoes_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  directors_NNS  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  closest_JJT  personal_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  customers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  business_NN  is_VBZ  conducted_VBN  weekly_RR  at_IO  premises_NNS  in_IO  Ayr's_PPIO2  busy_JJ  market_NN  .  
  lively_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  irrigation_NN  .  
  at_IO  Aberdeen_NP  conference_NN  .  
  a_AT1  one-day_JB  conference_NN  on_IO  irrigation_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  at_IO  Westertown_NP  ,_,  \0nr_IO  Aberdeen_NP  ,_,  on_IO  May_NN1  11th_MD  ,_,  drew_VVD  an_AT1  attendance_NN  of_IO  over_RR  600_MC  people_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  Farrow_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Spalding_NP  ,_,  \0Lincs_NP  ,_,  and_CC  organised_VBN  by_IO  Barclay_NP  ,_,  Ross_NP  &_CC  Hutchinson_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  Aberdeen_NP  .  
  undoubtedly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  factor_NN  contributing_VBG  largely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Maitland_NP  Mackie_NP  ,_,  \0Jun_JJ  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  complete_JJ  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  system_NN  is_VBZ  installed_VBN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  large-scale_JB  slatted_JJ  floor_NN  arrangement_NN  for_IO  dairy_NN  and_CC  beef_NN  herds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  speakers_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gordon_NP  Newman_NP  ,_,  manager_NN  of_IO  Reading_NP  University_NNL1  farm_NN  ,_,  confined_VVD  his_APP$  comments_NNS  mainly_RR  to_IO  water_NN  irrigation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  emphasised_VVD  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  anticipate_VV0    irrigation_NN  need_NN  ,_,    aired_VVD  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  in_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  Scotland_NP  irrigation_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  economic_JJ  proposition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  roundly_RR  declared_VVD  that_CS    irrigation_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  excuse_NN  for_IO  poor_JJ  cultivations_NNS  and_CC  inadequate_JJ  manuring_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Trevor_NP  Garbett_NP  ,_,  general_JJ  manager_NN  of_IO  Farrow_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  put_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  and_CC  naturally_RR  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1    object_NN  lessons_NNS    to_TO  be_VB0  learned_VBN  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mackie's_PPIO2  installation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  that_CS  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  fitted_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  slatted_JJ  floors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  poultry_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  batteries_NNS  ,_,    presented_VVD  no_AT1  problem_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  that_CS    sheep_NNS  stored_VBN  on_IO  slats_NNS  are_VBR  treated_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  cattle_NNS  on_IO  slats_NNS  .    
  another_DD1  point_NN  advanced_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Garbett_NP  was_VBDZ  that_CS  his_APP$  firm_NN  recommended_VVD  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  piston_NN  pump_NN  for_IO  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  ,_,  although_CS  under_IO  certain_JJ  circumstances_NNS  a_AT1  centrifugal_JJ  pump_NN  might_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  although_CS  with_IO  a_AT1  piston_NN  pump_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  fairly_RR  careful_JJ  about_IO  what_DDQ  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  pit_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  more_DA  could_VM  go_VV0  in_RP  with_IO    little_DA  chance_NN  of_IO  any_DD  harm_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  system_NN    than_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  centrifugal_JJ  pump_NN  .  
  the_AT1  economics_NN  of_IO  organic_JJ  and_CC  water_NN  irrigation_NN  systems_NNS    always_RR  an_AT1  important_JJ  matter_NN    were_VBDR  presented_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Nix_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Cambridge_NP  University_NNL1  School_NNL1  of_IO  agriculture_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  acknowledged_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  basic_JJ  costs_NNS  of_IO  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  could_VM  be_VB0    fairly_RR  high_JJ  ,_,    but_CCB  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  economic_JJ  benefits_NNS  derived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  manurial_JJ  value_NN  and_CC  labour_NN  saving_NN  .  
  practical_JJ  experience_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  organic_JJ  irrigation_NN  system_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  country_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  at_IO  Ilminster_NP  ,_,  Somerset_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Hawthorne_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  the_AT1  system_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  worthwhile_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  got_VVD  rid_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  slurry_NN  ,_,  avoided_VVD  wheel_NN  damage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  prevented_VVD  river_NN  pollution_NN  ,_,  stopped_VVD  the_AT1    awful_JJ  waste_NN    of_IO  nutrients_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  enabled_VVD  the_AT1  farm_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  good_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  production_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  word_NN    an_AT1  important_JJ  one_MC1    came_VVD  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David_NP  Soutar_NP  ,_,  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  adviser_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  Scotland_NP  College_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  urged_VVD  that_CS  farmers_NNS  should_VM  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  progressive_JJ  and_CC  positive_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  buildings_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  derive_VV0  full_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    many_DA  new_JJ  technical_JJ  developments_NNS  now_RL  being_VBG  designed_VBN  .    
  but_CCB  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Soutar_NP  added_VVD  ,_,    economy_NN  in_IO  labour_NN  in_IO  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  is_VBZ  far_RR  less_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  through_IO  planning_NN  than_CS  by_IO  100_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  mechanisation_NN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  mass_NN  handling_NN  of_IO  stock_NN  and_CC  crop_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  developed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  basic_JJ  principles_NNS  of_IO  automation_NN  as_CS  now_RL  practised_VBN  in_IO  industry_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  adopted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  .    
  Lundell_NP    605_MC    .  
  latest_JJT    double-chop_JB    forage-harvester_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  snowballing_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  feeding_NN  of_IO  livestock_NN  in_IO  various_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  mostly_RR  of_IO  American_JJ  genesis_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS lies_VBZ  behind_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ    double-chop_JB    forage-harvester_NN  ,_,  demonstrated_VBN  publicly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  on_IO  May_NN1  15th_MD  .  
  the_AT1  Lundell_NP    605_MC    off-set_NN  machine_NN  was_VBDZ  originally_RR  shown_VBN  by_IO  Lundell_NP  (_(  Great_NP  Britain_NP  )_)  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Edenbridge_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  Smithfield_NP  show_NN  (_(  \0Dec_NN1  ,_,  \0p_NN  1170_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  really_RR  the_AT1  John_NP  Deere_NP    15A_MC  ,_,    which_DDQ  the_AT1  British_JJ  company_NN  is_VBZ  manufacturing_VBG  under_IO  licence_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  at_IO  work_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  crop_NN  of_IO  Italian_JJ  rye_NN  grass_NN  /_IO    \0H.1_NP    mixture_NN  ,_,  about_RR  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0S_NP  Cray's_PPIO2  Southdown_NP  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  Medstead_NP  ,_,  \0nr_IO  Alton_NP  ,_,  \0Hants_NP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  rows_NNS  of_IO  16_MC  specially-designed_JB    grapefruit_NN    flail_NN  knives_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1    605_MC    took_VVD  the_AT1  grass_NN  cleanly_RR  at_IO  about_RR  2_MC  \0in_NNU  above_IO  ground_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  width_NN  of_IO  cut_NN  being_VBG  60_MC  \0in_NNU  .  
  from_IO  those_DD2  knives_NNS  the_AT1  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  whisked_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  12_MC  \0in_NNU  \0dia_NN  auger_NN  ,_,  housed_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  flails_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  eventually_RR  proffered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  cutting_JJ  assembly_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  fan_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  usually_RR  six_MC  cutting_JJ  knives_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  assembly_NN  ,_,  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  occasion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  three_MC  can_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  for_IO  coarser_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  varied_VVD  from_IO  fragments_NNS  of_IO  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  up_RP  to_IO  4_MC  \0in_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  average_NN  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  2_MC  \0in_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  requirement_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ    super_JJ  60_MC    machine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  Fordson_NP    Dexta_NP    had_VHD  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  second_MD  gear_NN  ,_,  although_CS  a_AT1  larger_JJ  tractor_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  fastest_JJT  speeds_NNS  of_IO  work_NN  .  
  at_IO  *+450_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  *+55_NNU  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  flail_NN  machine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shorter_JJ  lengths_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  allow_VV0  easier_JJ  handling_NN  by_IO  forage_NN  blowers_NNS  ,_,  silo_NN  unloaders_NNS  ,_,  auger_NN  feeders_NNS  ,_,  side-unloading_JJ  trailers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  associated_JJ  equipment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  techniques_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  material_NN  also_RR  handles_VBZ  well_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  fore-loader_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  zero_MC  grazing_NN  possibilities_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  haymaking_NN  and_CC  wilting_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  bolting_VBG  back_RP  a_AT1  hinged_JJ  section_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  auger_NN  housing_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  the_AT1  crop_NN  flies_VBZ  straight_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  auger_NN  and_CC  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Lundell_NP  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  maize_NN  attachment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  probably_RR  not_XX  be_VB0  ready_JJ  until_IO  1962_MC  .  
  co-operating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  demonstration_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  local_JJ  Lundell_NP  dealers_NNS  ,_,  Hyde_NP  Abbey_NNL1  motor_NN  works_NN  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Winchester_NP  .  
  (_(  reply_NN  card_NN  \0no_NN  E_ZZ1  .  1132_MC  )_)  .  
  Massey-Ferguson_NP  tractors_NNS  with_IO  foot-pedal_NN  direction_NN  change_NN  .  
  torque_NN  converter_NN  models_NNS  join_VV0  industrial_JJ  range_NN  .  
  changing_VBG  direction_NN  from_IO  forward_RR  to_IO  reverse_NN  purely_RR  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  right_JJ  foot_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  feature_NN  of_IO  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  tractors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  industrial_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  Massey-Ferguson_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Coventry_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  done_VBN  by_IO  combining_VBG    shuttle_NN  transmissions_NNS    with_IO  torque_NN  converters_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  altogether_RR  four_MC  new_JJ  tractors_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  other_DA  modifications_NNS  and_CC  introductions_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  innovations_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  basic_JJ  power_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  called_VBN  the_AT1    203_MC    tractor_NN  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  now_RL  established_VBN    710_MC    digger_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  improved_JJ    702_MC    loader_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  mounted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1    203_MC    which_DDQ  succeeds_VBZ  the_AT1    702_MC    tractor_NN  ,_,  incorporates_VBZ  the_AT1  Perkins_NP    3-A-152_&FO    diesel_NN  engine_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  maximum_JJ  gross_JJ  \0b.h.p_NNU  of_IO  38.4_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  transmission_NN  and_CC  back_JB  axle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    65_MC    tractor_NN  .  
  a_AT1  particular_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  good_JJ  lugging_JJ  power_NN  at_IO  low_JJ  \0revs_NNU2  per_IO  \0min_NNU    a_AT1  very_RG  necessary_JJ  requirement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  industry_NN  .  
  torque_NN  characteristics_NNS  are_VBR  excellent_JJ  and_CC  power_NN  steering_NN  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  as_CS  standard_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  latter_DA  provision_NN  cuts_VBZ  down_RP  operator_NN  fatigue_NN  considerably_RR  .  
    topping-up_NN    is_VBZ  now_RL  much_RR  easier_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  regular_JJ  points_NNS  are_VBR  accessible_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  bonnet_NN  cover_NN  is_VBZ  lifted_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rugged_JJ  11_MC  \0in.-\0dia_NNU  dual_JJ  clutch_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  clutch_NN  assembly_NN  is_VBZ  self-ventilated_JJ  .  
  transmission_NN  brakes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  disc_NN  variety_NN  operate_VV0  together_RR  or_CC  independently_RR  ,_,  with_IO  complete_JJ  sealing_NN  against_IO  dirt_NN  and_CC  water_NN  .  
  heavy_JJ  cast_JJ  wheels_NNS  are_VBR  employed_VBN  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  steel_NN  disc_NN  ones_CD1S  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  these_DD2  improvements_NNS  the_AT1  price_NN  remains_VBZ  at_IO  *+880_NNU  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  basic_JJ  unit_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1    205_MC  ,_,    the_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  name_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  both_DB2  a_AT1  torque_NN  converter_NN  and_CC  the_AT1    instant_JJ  reverse_JJ    foot-operated_JJ  direction_NN  change_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1    instant_JJ  reversing_NN    is_VBZ  actuated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  accelerator_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  three-pronged_JJ  fork_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  centre_JJ  prong_NN  being_VBG  shorter_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  outside_RP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  foot_NN  pedal_NN  at_IO  each_DD1  extremity_NN  .  
  pressure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pedals_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  face_VV0  the_AT1  driver_NN  ,_,  produces_VBZ  forward_JJ  motion_NN  ,_,  while_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  direction_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  left_JJ  pedal_NN  is_VBZ  depressed_VBN  instead_RR  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  tractor_NN  instantly_RR  goes_VBZ  into_IO  reverse_NN  .  
  operating_VBG  either_LE  side-pedal_NN  rotates_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  linkage_NN  device_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  rocker_NN  valve_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  which_DDQ  oil_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  valve_NN  is_VBZ  directed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  clutch_NN  units_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1    shuttle_NN  transmission_NN    unit_NN  situated_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  torque_NN  converter_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sliding_JJ  mesh_NN  gear-box_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pedals_NNS  act_VV0  first_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  clutch_NN  and_CC  then_RL  as_IO  a_AT1  throttle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  centre_JJ  pedal_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  rotate_VV0  the_AT1  rocker_NN  valve_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  only_DA  effect_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  increase_VV0  engine_NN  revolutions_NNS  without_IO  vehicle_NN  motion_NN  in_IO  any_DD  direction_NN  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  tractor_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  levers_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  two_MC    in-gear_JB    positions_NNS  ,_,  providing_VBG  4_MC  gears_NNS  forward_JJ  and_CC  reverse_NN  .  
  another_DD1  tractor_NN  incorporating_VBG  the_AT1  torque_NN  converter_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  novel_JJ  transmission_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1    65R_MC  ,_,    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  new_JJ  industrial_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    65_MC  ,_,    the_AT1  other_DA  being_VBG  the_AT1    65S_MC  .    
  these_DD2  have_VH0  the_AT1    4-A-203D_&FO    Perkins_NP  engine_NN  and_CC  58.3_MC  gross_JJ  maximum_JJ  \0b.h.p_NNU  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1    65S_MC    with_IO  its_APP$  more_RG  normal_JJ  transmission_NN  has_VHZ  6_MC  forward_JJ  gears_NNS  and_CC  2_MC  reverse_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1    65R_MC  ,_,    like_IO  the_AT1    205_MC  ,_,    has_VHZ  4_MC  forward_JJ  and_CC  reverse_JJ  .  
  prices_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  versions_NNS  make_VV0  interesting_JJ  comparison_NN  :_:  the_AT1    65S_MC    is_VBZ  *+950_NNU  \0ex_IO  works_NN  ,_,  complete_JJ  with_IO  dual_JJ  brakes_NNS  ,_,  horn_NN  and_CC  mirror_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1    65R_MC    is_VBZ  *+1,150_NNU  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  accessories_NNS  .  
  operating_VBG  a_AT1  tractor_NN  with_IO  the_AT1    instant_JJ  reverse_NN    facility_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  literally_RR    child's_NN1$  play_NN  .    
  on_IO  any_DD  job_NN  requiring_VBG  much_DA  stopping_NN  and_CC  starting_NN    such_IO  as_II  loading_VBG  shale_NN    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  boon_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  both_DB2  hands_NNS  free_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  steering_NN  wheel_NN  and_CC  hydraulic_JJ  loader_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  speed_NN  achieved_VBN  by_IO  skilled_JJ  operators_NNS  is_VBZ  remarkable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  centre_JJ  pedal_NN  can_VM    \0rev_VV0    the_AT1  engine_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  speed_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  bucket_NN  lifts_VBZ  .  
  brakes_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  foot_NN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  clutch_NN  .  
    instant_JJ  reversing_NN    has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  for_IO  about_RR  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  applications_NNS  being_VBG  in_IO  road_NN  rolling_NN  .  
  another_DD1  alteration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  hydraulics_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1    702_MC    loader_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  of_IO    Cessna_NP    design_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  break-away_JB  force_NN  consequently_RR  increases_VBZ  from_IO  10,000_MC  to_IO  14,000_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  Cessna_NP  company_NN  is_VBZ  reported_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  about_RP  to_TO  start_VV0  production_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  will_VM  assemble_VV0  this_DD1  hydraulic_JJ  equipment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  side_NN  frames_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    702_MC    bucket_NN  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  modified_VBN  to_TO  enable_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  fit_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1    203_MC  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  weight_NN  attachment_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  fitted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    65R_MC    ;_;  it_PPH1  carries_VBZ  15_MC  iron_NN  weights_NNS  of_IO  122_MC  \0lb_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  a_AT1  sub-soiling_JJ  attachment_NN  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  cable-laying_JJ  fixture_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  bolted_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  available_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1    35S_MC    and_CC    35H_MC    industrial_JJ  tractors_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  painted_VBN  yellow_JJ  and_CC  grey_JJ  .  
  lady_NN  grocer_NN  attacks_VBZ  apathy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  groups_NNS  .  
  many_DA  shops_NNS  still_RR  ugly_JJ  and_CC  dirty_JJ  not_XX  keen_JJ  on_IO  promotions_NNS  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  group_NN  trading_NN  means_VBZ  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  living_NN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Esther_NP  Beddis_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  Roy_NP  are_VBR  grocers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Fairfield_NP  housing_NN  estate_NN  ,_,  near_IO  Fareham_NP  ,_,  Hampshire_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  enthusiastic_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  star_NN  value_NN  service_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP  is_VBZ  outspoken_JJ  about_IO  group_NN  trading_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  more_RG  outspoken_JJ  about_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  retailers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  and_CC  merely_RR  dabble_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  trading_NN  .  
    for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  worried_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  many_DA  independent_JJ  retailers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  joined_VBN  voluntary_JJ  groups_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  of_IO  membership_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  disappointed_JJ  that_DD1  increased_JJ  turnover_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  come_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  become_VBN  discouraged_JJ  with_IO  their_APP$  lot_NN  and_CC  retailing_NN  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  make_VV0  no_AT1  efforts_NNS  to_TO  pull_VV0  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  rut_NN  .  
    this_DD1  state_NN  exists_VBZ  because_CS  many_DA  independent_JJ  grocers_NNS  soon_RR  forget_VV0  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  they_PPHS2  joined_VVD  a_AT1  group_NN    and_CC  they_PPHS2  forget_VV0  their_APP$  obligations_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  trade_NN  owes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  something_PN1  because_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  steps_NNS  of_IO  joining_VBG  a_AT1  group_NN  ;_;  hanging_VBG  an_AT1  illuminated_JJ  sign_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  window_NN  (_(  very_RG  rarely_RR  illuminated_VBN  after_IO  dark_NN  )_)  and_CC  spasmodically_RR  slap_VV0  various_JJ  bills_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  windows_NNS  announcing_VBG  special_JJ  offers_NNS  .  
  pipe_VV0  dreams_NNS  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  double_VV0  their_APP$  turnover_NN  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  and_CC  their_APP$  families_NNS  can_VM  live_VV0  in_IO  comfort_NN  in_IO  years_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  many_DA  with_IO  such_DA  pipe_NN  dreams_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  gone_VBN  further_RRR  downhill_RR  and_CC  ,_,  sometimes_RR  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  business_NN  .  
  the_AT1  others_DA2  have_VH0  learned_VBN  their_APP$  lesson_NN  in_IO  time_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  now_RL  doing_VBG  well_RR  .    
  to_TO  cite_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  case_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  grocer_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  experiences_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  startling_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  grocery_NN  shop_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  housing_NN  estate_NN  back_RP  in_IO  1947_MC  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  jogged_VVD  along_RP  happily_RR  ,_,  without_IO  anything_PN1  startling_JJ  happening_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  trade_NN  .  
  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  any_DD  real_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grocery_NN  world_NN  as_CS  nothing_PN1  ever_RR  happened_VVD  to_TO  change_VV0  our_APP$  trading_NN  progress_NN  .    
  this_DD1  idyllic_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  existed_VVD  until_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC    not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR    when_CS the_AT1  couple_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  notice_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  customers_NNS  were_VBDR  no_RR  longer_RRR  coming_VBG  in_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  were_VBDR  making_VBG  the_AT1  3_MC  \0d_NNU  bus_NN  ride_NN  into_IO  neighbouring_JJ  Fareham_NP  and_CC  buying_VBG  a_AT1  week's_NN1$  groceries_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  recently_RR  opened_VBN  supermarkets_NNS  and_CC  large_JJ  multiples_NNS  there_RL  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  store_NN    just_RR  two_MC  doors_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  them_PPHO1    started_VVD  cutting_VBG  prices_NNS  and_CC  making_VBG  many_DA  special_JJ  offers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Beddises'_NPS$  turnover_NN  dropped_VVD  by_IO  *+280_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  kept_VVD  sliding_VBG  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  decided_VVD  quickly_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  joined_VVD  the_AT1  buying_NN  group_NN  operated_VBN  by_IO  William_NP  Avens_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  Portsmouth_NP  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  immediately_RR  advised_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  change_VV0  from_IO  counter_NN  service_NN  to_IO  self-selection_NN  .  
    the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  conversion_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP    was_VBDZ  negligible_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  the_AT1  existing_JJ  shelves_NNS  and_CC  fixtures_NNS  .    
  up_RP  went_VVD  turnover_NN  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  of_IO  better_JJ  pricing_NN  and_CC  easier_JJ  service_NN  turnover_NN  quickly_RR  rose_VVD  by_IO  *+50_NNU  .  
  in_IO  November_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  they_PPHS2  joined_VVD  the_AT1  star_NN  value_NN  service_NN  group_NN  ,_,  formed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Portsmouth_NP  area_NN  under_IO  William_NP  Avens_NP    by_IO  then_RL  a_AT1  Misselbrook_NP  and_CC  Weston_NP  subsidiary_NN  .  
  immediately_RR  ,_,  special_JJ  offers_NNS  were_VBDR  started_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  more_DA  assistance_NN  with_IO  ideas_NNS  for_IO  efficient_JJ  merchandising_NN  and_CC  profitable_JJ  promotions_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  although_CS  business_NN  slowly_RR  increased_VBN  and_CC  turnover_NN  steadily_RR  rose_VVD  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  around_RR  *+500_NNU  by_IO  September_NN1  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  still_RR  felt_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  enlarge_VV0  the_AT1  shop_NN  to_TO  display_VV0  and_CC  sell_VV0  to_IO  better_JJ  advantage_NN  .  
  this_DD1  posed_VVD  special_JJ  problems_NNS  concerning_IO  future_JB  prosperity_NN  .  
  would_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  worth_IO  while_NN  expanding_VBG    as_CS  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  what_DDQ  lay_VVD  ahead_RR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  increased_JJ  business_NN  was_VBDZ  most_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  finally_RR  decided_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  ahead_RR  .  
  the_AT1  costly_JJ  item_NN  .  
  doubling_VBG  the_AT1  selling_NN  space_NN  to_IO  700_MC  \0sq_NNU  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  adding_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  over_RR  300_MC  \0sq_NNU  \0ft_NNU  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  expense_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  new_JJ  fixtures_NNS  and_CC  fittings_NNS  to_TO  fill_VV0  this_DD1  space_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  costly_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  Roy_NP  Beddis_NP  solved_VVD  this_DD1  problem_NN  by_IO  building_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  new_JJ  sectional_JJ  shelving_NN  ,_,  eight_MC  dump_NN  bins_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  large_JJ  gondola_NN  from_IO  materials_NNS  he_PPHO1  bought_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  *+50_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  self-service_JB  refrigerator_NN  cost_VVD  *+200_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  alterations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  cost_VVD  *+1,000_NNU  .  
  all_DB  in_IO  all_DB  ,_,  total_JJ  cost_NN  was_VBDZ  *+1250_NNU  .  
  up_RP  curtain_NN  !_!  
  after_CS  the_AT1  painters_NNS  had_VHD  left_VBN  ,_,  three_MC  of_IO  Avens'_PPIO2  men_NNS  put_VVD  the_AT1  finishing_JJ  touches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  shop_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  this_DD1  time_NN  business_NN  was_VBDZ  as_CS  usual_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  alterations_NNS  hidden_VBN  by_IO  curtains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  back_RP  on_IO  September_NN1  21_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  response_NN  was_VBDZ  immediate_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  week's_NN1$  takings_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  show_VV0  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  *+100_NNU  per_IO  week_NN    making_VBG  well_RR  over_RR  *+600_NNU  per_IO  week_NN  .  
  when_CS more_DA  money_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP  will_VM  extend_VV0  the_AT1  shop_NN  even_RR  further_RRR  and_CC  take_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  present_JJ  storeroom_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  burden_NN  out_RP  of_IO  everyday_JB  shopping_NN    .  
    as_CS  all_DB  retailers_NNS  know_VV0  ,_,    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP  goes_VBZ  on_RP  ,_,    customers_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  come_VV0  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  shop_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  shop_NN  does_VBZ  lend_VV0  itself_PPX1  to_IO  cleanliness_NN  and_CC  brightness_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  these_DD2  two_MC  things_NNS  that_PNQS customers_NNS  want_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  also_RR  want_VV0  well-priced_JJ  special_JJ  offers_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  private_JJ  retailers_NNS  must_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  burden_NN  out_RP  of_IO  everyday_JB  shopping_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  it_PPH1  as_RG  easy_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  for_IO  these_DD2  shoppers_NNS  in_IO  case_NN  we_PPIS2  lose_VV0  their_APP$  custom_NN  .  
  direct_JJ  promotions_NNS  .  
    one_MC1  facet_NN  of_IO  in-store_JB  trading_NN  often_RR  overlooked_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  on_RP  ,_,    is_VBZ  special_JJ  promotions_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  wholesaler_NN  often_RR  arranges_VBZ  these_DD2  for_IO  star_NN  value_NN  members_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  large_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  will_VM  often_RR  assist_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  direct_JJ  promotion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  week_NN  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  ran_VVD  the_AT1  Brooke_NP  Bond_NP  win-a-toy_JB  competition_NN    ideal_JJ  for_IO  children_NNS  living_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  Fairfield_NP  Estate_NNL1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawkins_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Brooke_NP  Bond_NP  \0rep_NN  ,_,  spent_VVD  the_AT1  entire_JB  week_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  attractive_JJ  display_NN  material_NN  and_CC  toys_NNS  attracting_VBG  customers_NNS  in_RP  ,_,  sales_NNS  of_IO  tea_NN  trebled_VVD  to_IO  over_RR  150_MC  \0lb_NNU  in_IO  one_MC1  week_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  an_AT1  incentive_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  promotions_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  offered_VBN    whether_CS  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  soup_NN  ,_,  canned_JJ  fruit_NN  ,_,  Christmas_NP  ,_,  or_CC  tea_NN  promotions_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  retailers_NNS  must_VM  team_VV0  with_IO  our_APP$  wholesaler_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  manufacturer_NN  to_TO  grab_VV0  the_AT1  trade_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  tragic_JJ  part_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  so_RG  many_DA  do_VD0  n't_XX  bother_VV0  to_TO  consider_VV0  promotions_NNS  and_CC  sometimes_RR  even_RR  regard_VV0  special_JJ  offers_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  a_AT1  negligible_JJ  expense_NN  .  
    often_RR  group_NN  window_NN  signs_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  lit_VBN  at_IO  night_NN  even_CS  though_CS  all-night_JB  illumination_NN  costs_VBZ  only_RR  pennies_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  shops_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  ugly_JJ  ,_,  cluttered_JJ  and_CC  dirty_JJ  .  
  little_DA  wonder_NN  so_RG  many_DA  housewives_NNS  will_VM  gladly_RR  pay_VV0  bus_NN  fares_NNS  of_IO  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  to_TO  save_VV0  only_RR  3_MC  \0s_NNU  on_IO  their_APP$  order_NN  and_CC  still_RR  not_XX  worry_VV0  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  dealing_VBG  with_IO  clean_JJ  ,_,  bright_JJ  shops_NNS  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  Beddis'_NPS$  store_NN  is_VBZ  pictured_VBN  right_RR  .  )_)  
    perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  father_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wholesale_JB  confectioner_NN  ,_,    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beddis_NP  continued_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  having_VHG  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  grocery_NN  business_NN  since_CS  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  school_NN  .  
  but_CCB  experience_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  successful_JJ  retailers_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  grocery_NN  experience_NN  are_VBR  prospering_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  reason_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  grasped_VBN  every_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  draw_VV0  customers_NNS  into_IO  their_APP$  shops_NNS  and_CC  once_CS  those_DD2  customers_NNS  have_VH0  come_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  sold_VBN  goods_NNS  at_IO  attractive_JJ  prices_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  clean_JJ  ,_,  bright_JJ  shop_NN  and_CC  by_IO  enterprising_JJ  grocers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  good_JJ  salesmen_NNS  .  **"_**'  
    the_AT1  total_JJ  market_NN  for_IO  baby_NN  foods_NNS  can_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  an_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  some_DD  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  15_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  expected_JJ  increases_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  babies_NNS  alone_RR    .  
  baby_NN  foods_NNS  :_:  thriving_JJ  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  market_NN  and_CC  prospects_NNS  for_IO  baby_NN  foods_NNS  have_VH0  again_RR  come_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  scrutiny_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economist_NN  intelligence_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  so_RG  much_DA  contemporary_JJ  research_NN  in_IO  many_DA  fields_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  least_RBT  those_DD2  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  grocery_NN  trade_NN  .  
  in_IO  December_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  \0EIU_NP  in_IO  \0no_NN  22_MC  of_IO  their_APP$  publication_NN    retail_NN  business_NN    examined_VVD  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  issue_NN    \0no_NN  44_MC  ,_,  October_NN1    the_AT1  research_NN  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extracts_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  privileged_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  below_II  are_VBR  but_II  a_AT1  small_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  examined_VBN  closely_RR  by_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS are_VBR  concerned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  vital_JJ  and_CC  growing_JJ  market_NN  for_IO  baby_NN  foods_NNS  .  
    retail_NN  business_NN    may_VM  be_VB0  had_VHN  only_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  economist_NN  intelligence_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  5_MC  Bury-street_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0SW1_NP  .  
  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  milk_NN  products_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  major_JJ  trend_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  market_NN  says_VBZ    retail_NN  business_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  the_AT1  swing_NN  away_RP  from_IO  national_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  towards_IO  proprietary_JJ  products_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  scope_NN  for_IO  considerable_JJ  further_JB  expansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sales_NNS  of_IO  branded_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  this_DD1  trend_NN  was_VBDZ  accelerated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  price_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  product_NN  in_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  1957_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  substantial_JJ  sales_NNS  of_IO  proprietary_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  uptake_NN  of_IO  welfare_NN  milk_NN  (_(  liquid_JJ  and_CC  dried_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  very_RG  close_RR  to_IO  100_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  that_CS  many_DA  mothers_NNS  are_VBR  taking_VBG  welfare_NN  liquid_NN  milk_NN  and_CC  using_VBG  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  while_CS  they_PPHS2  feed_VV0  their_APP$  babies_NNS  on_IO  proprietary_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  Glaxo_NP  laboratories'_NN2  Ostermilk_NP  and_CC  Cow_NP  and_CC  Gate_NP  infant_NN  milk_NN  food_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  main_JB  beneficiaries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  swing_NN  to_IO  branded_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  brands_NNS  dominate_VV0  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  proprietary_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  probably_RR  have_VH0  some_DD  45_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  each_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  remaining_JJ  brands_NNS  are_VBR  Trufood_NP  (_(  made_VBN  ,_,  like_IO  Cow_NP  and_CC  Gate_NP  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Unigate_NP  group_NN  )_)  and_CC  Sma_NP  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  a_AT1  filled_JJ  milk_NN  product_NN  ,_,  formulated_VBN  to_TO  resemble_VV0  human_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  the_AT1  formula_NN  is_VBZ  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Wyeth_NP  research_NN  laboratories_NNS  ,_,  Philadelphia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  product_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  \0UK_NP  market_NN  since_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  marketed_VBN  here_RL  by_IO  John_NP  Wyeth_NP  and_CC  Brothers_NNSB2  .  
  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  25_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  or_CC  so_PN1  of_IO  bottle-fed_JJ  babies_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  either_LE  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  or_CC  boiled_JJ  fresh_JJ  milk_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  market_NN  for_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  some_DD  *+13_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  possibly_RR  only_RR  one_MC1  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  infant_NN  feeding_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  sales_NNS  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  for_IO  infant_NN  feeding_NN  are_VBR  rising_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  in_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  food_NN  for_IO  bottle-fed_JJ  babies_NNS  .  .  
  a_AT1  major_JJ  marketing_NN  problem_NN  confronting_VBG  the_AT1  processors_NNS  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  product_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  purpose_NN  food_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  much_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  at_IO  present_NN  than_IO  sales_NNS  for_IO  infant_NN  feeding_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  wary_JJ  of_IO  damaging_VBG  the_AT1  family_NN  image_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  product_NN  by_IO  promoting_VBG  it_PPH1  too_RG  heavily_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  infant_NN  food_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  sales_NNS  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  infant_NN  food_NN  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  expand_VV0  only_RR  very_RG  gradually_RR  .  
  the_AT1  largest_JJT  brands_NNS  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  are_VBR  Carnation_NP  (_(  general_JJ  milk_NN  products_NNS  )_)  ,_,  Libby_NP  ,_,  Ideal_NP  (_(  Nestle*?2_NP  )_)  and_CC  Regal_NP  (_(  Unigate_NP  )_)  .  
  general_JJ  milk_NN  products_NNS  have_VH0  pioneered_VBN  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  for_IO  infant_NN  feeding_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  claim_VV0  that_DD1  Carnation_NP  milk_NN  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  virtually_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  sales_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  market_NN  .  
  Carnation_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  \0UK_NP  since_IO  1946_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  main_JB  marketing_NN  effort_NN  dates_VBZ  only_RR  from_IO  1954_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  sales_NNS  .  
  weaning_JJ  cereals_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  9.6_MC  thousand_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  infant_NN  cereals_NNS  are_VBR  consumed_VBN  a_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  retail_NN  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  is_VBZ  *+2.8_NNU  million_MC  .  .  
  the_AT1  scope_NN  for_IO  expansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  seems_VBZ  more_RG  limited_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  will_VM  come_VV0  mainly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  rate_NN  and_CC  possibly_RR  also_RR  from_IO  persuading_VBG  mothers_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  babies_NNS  on_IO  these_DD2  specially_RR  fortified_JJ  cereals_NNS  longer_RRR  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leading_JJ  brands_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  market_NN  are_VBR  Farley's_PPIO2  rusks_NNS  (_(  made_VBN  by_IO  Farley's_PPIO2  infant_NN  food_NN  )_)  ,_,  with_IO  possibly_RR  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  turnover_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Farex_NP  (_(  made_VBN  by_IO  Glaxo_NP  laboratories_NNS  )_)  with_IO  between_IO  one-third_MC  and_CC  one-quarter_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  sales_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  most_RG  important_JJ  brands_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  order_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  cereals_NNS  produced_VBN  by_IO  Robinsons_NP2  (_(  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Colman_NP  group_NN  )_)  ,_,  including_VBG  mixed_JJ  cereal_NN  ,_,  rice_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  triple_JJ  pack_NN  ,_,  groats_NNS  and_CC  barley_NN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  produced_VBN  by_IO  Scott's_PPIO2  (_(  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cerebos_NP  group_NN  )_)  .  
  other_DA  brands_NNS  include_VV0  Cow_NP  and_CC  Gate_NP  ,_,  Trufood_NP  and_CC  Ovaltine_NP  Chuckles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  products_NNS  above_II  represent_VV0  three_MC  different_JJ  approaches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  infant_NN  cereal_NN  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  each_DD1  sector_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  market_NN  one_MC1  brand_NN  is_VBZ  dominant_JJ  .  
  Farley's_PPIO2  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  strong_JJ  hold_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  weaning_JJ  cereal_NN  in_IO  rusk_NN  form_NN  ,_,  quick_JJ  and_CC  convenient_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  .  
  Glaxo's_PPIO2  Farex_NP  dominates_VBZ  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  blended_JJ  and_CC  fortified_JJ  cereal_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  primarily_RR  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  sound_JJ  nutritional_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  diet_NN  .  
  Robinson's_PPIO2  products_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  Baby_NP  Rise_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  ,_,  provide_VV0  variety_NN  in_IO  flavour_NN  and_CC  texture_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  .  of_IO  waiters_NNS  !_!  
  which_WDTI  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ    sole_JB  bonne_&FW  femme_&FW  correctly_RR  served_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  or_CC  slimy_JJ  fish_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  trolley_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  restaurant_NN  ballet_NN  of_IO  waiters_NNS  really_RR  necessary_JJ  .  
  surely_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  case_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  simpler_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  service_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  practised_VBN  with_IO  success_NN  abroad_RR  .  
  these_DD2  pertinent_JJ  questions_NNS  and_CC  points_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  were_VBDR  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Hollings_NP  ,_,  principal_NN  of_IO  Manchester_NP  domestic_JJ  and_CC  trades_NNS  College_NNL1  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  welcomed_VVD  about_RR  100_MC  delegates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  one-day_JB  conference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  catering_NN  teachers'_NN2  association_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Manchester_NP  .  
  first_MD  rate_NN  catering_NN  schools_NNS  and_CC  colleges_NNS  encourage_VV0  students_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  educational_JJ  standard_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  catering_NN  industry_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  worthwhile_JJ  career_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  salaries_NNS  paid_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  catering_NN  industry_NN  were_VBDR  appallingly_RR  low_JJ  ,_,  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  skills_NNS  required_VBN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  not_XX  sufficient_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  courses_NNS  for_IO  caterers_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  restaurant_NN  industry_NN  put_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  aspects_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  foreign_JJ  currency_NN  earning_NN  .  
  civilised_JJ  man_NN  .  
  civilisation_NN  of_IO  man_NN  was_VBDZ  closely_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  search_NN  for_IO  food_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  closely_RR  tied_VBN  to_IO  agricultural_JJ  science_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  surprising_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  changes_NNS  in_IO  catering_NN  to_TO  match_VV0  the_AT1  modern_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  Ambery_NP  (_(  Manchester_NP  domestic_JJ  and_CC  trades_NNS  College_NNL1  )_)  introduced_VVD  a_AT1  discussion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  studies_NNS  to_IO  catering_NN  students_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  not_XX  enough_DD  time_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  general_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  taking_VBG  the_AT1  country_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  15_MC  year_NN  olds_NNS  were_VBDR  receiving_VBG  education_NN  but_CCB  only_RR  28_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  19_MC  year_NN  olds_NNS  were_VBDR  receiving_VBG  any_DD  form_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  this_DD1  last_DA  figure_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  expansion_NN  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  .  
  present_NN  methods_NNS  of_IO  induction_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  nightmare_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  no_AT1  real_JJ  guidance_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  often_RR  pushed_VBN  into_IO  classes_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  well_RR  suited_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  need_NN  for_IO  closer_JJ  liaison_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  opportunity_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  for_IO  student_NN  interviews_NNS  to_TO  ensure_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  embarking_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  serve_VV0  them_PPHO1  best_RBT  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  there_EX  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  better_JJ  staffing_NN  ratio_NN    16_MC  students_NNS  to_IO  one_MC1  teacher_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  kitchen_NN  were_VBDR  too_RG  many_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  .  
  preliminary_JJ  courses_NNS  should_VM  always_RR  include_VV0  the_AT1  practical_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  students_NNS  would_VM  regard_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_IO    just_RR  another_DD1  school_NN    and_CC  soon_RR  lose_VV0  interest_NN  .  
  general_JJ  subjects_NNS  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  craft_NN  or_CC  vocational_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  in_IO  too_RG  many_DA  cases_NNS  these_DD2  were_VBDR  taught_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  splendid_JJ  isolation_NN  .  
  too_RG  often_RR  twelve_MC  students_NNS  were_VBDR  required_VBN  to_TO  establish_VV0  an_AT1  evening_NN  class_NN  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  unsuitable_JJ  candidates_NNS  were_VBDR  accepted_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  required_JJ  number_NN  .  
  often_RR  only_RR  three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  twelve_MC  students_NNS  passed_VVD  the_AT1  examination_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  results_NNS  being_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  basic_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  .  
  science_NN  subjects_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Wordingham_NP  (_(  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  applied_JJ  science_NN  subjects_NNS  at_IO  domestic_JJ  and_CC  trades_NNS  College_NNL1  )_)  discussed_VVD  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  science_NN  subjects_NNS  to_IO  catering_NN  students_NNS  .  
  so_RG  often_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  students_NNS  questioned_VVD  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  science_NN  lessons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  the_AT1  students'_NN2  interest_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  topic_NN  method_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  learned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  integrated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  science_NN  teacher_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  a_AT1  catering_NN  course_NN  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  catering_NN  teacher_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  an_AT1  applied_JJ  science_NN  course_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  syllabus_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  guilds_NNS  151_MC  examination_NN  was_VBDZ  reviewed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  examiners'_NN2  viewpoint_NN  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  chief_JB  examiner_NN  )_)  .  
  at_IO  question_NN  time_NN  several_DA  teachers_NNS  suggested_VVD  that_CS  city_NN  and_CC  guilds_NNS  examiners_NNS  should_VM  attend_VV0  a_AT1  meeting_NN  or_CC  lecture_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  establish_VV0  greater_JJ  uniformity_NN  amongst_IO  examiners_NNS  .  
  in_IO  general_JJ  discussion_NN  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  provision_NN  of_IO  food_NN  for_IO  practical_JJ  cooking_NN  tuition_NN  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  more_DA  authorities_NNS  were_VBDR  providing_VBG  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  free_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  still_RR  too_RG  many_DA  areas_NNS  where_CS students_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  food_NN  or_CC  where_CS teachers_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  collect_VV0  money_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  informed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  catering_NN  teachers'_NN2  association_NN  now_RL  has_VHZ  a_AT1  membership_NN  of_IO  more_DA  than_IO  300_MC  .  
    now_RL  is_VBZ  time_NN  for_IO  corporation_NN  to_TO  pronounce_VV0  bold_JJ  plan_NN  for_IO  town_NN    .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  time_NN  that_CS  Southend_NP  corporation_NN  pronounced_VVD  a_AT1  bold_JJ  plan_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  town_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  forefront_NN  of_IO  seaside_NN  resorts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  to_TO  quote_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  an_AT1  old_JJ  cliche_NN      that_CS  people_NNS  now_RL  take_VV0  their_APP$  holidays_NNS  abroad_RR  .    
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  quite_RR  fully_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  an_AT1  ever-increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  go_VV0  abroad_RR  for_IO  their_APP$  holidays_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  even_RR  more_RG  aware_JJ  that_CS  an_AT1  even_RR  greater_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  take_VV0  no_AT1  holidays_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  untapped_JJ  source_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  endeavour_VV0  to_TO  attract_VV0  .    
  with_IO  these_DD2  words_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0G_NP  \0W_NP  Scott_NP  concludes_VBZ  his_APP$  general_JJ  secretary's_NN1$  report_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  presented_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  Southend_NP  ,_,  Westcliff-on-Sea_NP  and_CC  district_NN  hotel_NN  and_CC  catering_NN  association_NN  on_IO  Monday_NN1  next_RR  ,_,  October_NN1  30_MC  .  
  the_AT1    fight_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  12_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  Southend_NP  recognised_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  seaside_NN  resort_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  still_RR  proceeding_VBG  ,_,  he_PPHO1  comments_VBZ  .  
  membership_NN  had_VHD  remained_VBN  steady_JJ  during_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  today_NN1  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  500-600_MC-MC  people_NNS  in_IO  first_MD  class_NN  establishments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  now_RL  appeared_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Cliffs_NP  Pavilion_NNL1  would_VM  open_VV0  in_IO  1963_MC  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  struggle_NN    something_PN1  members_NNS  now_RL  viewed_VVD  with_IO  mixed_JJ  feelings_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  a_AT1  large_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  over_RR  1,000_MC  delegates_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  accommodated_VBN  in_IO  hotels_NNS  .  
  from_IO  returns_NNS  sent_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  members_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  revealed_VBN  that_CS  63,351_MC  visitors_NNS  had_VHD  stayed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  from_IO  April_NN1  to_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  including_IO  an_AT1  ever-increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  aged_JJ  pensioners_NNS  .  
  illuminations_NNS  still_RR  drew_VVD  considerable_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  evidence_NN  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  period_NN  holiday_NN  visitors_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  include_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  entertainment_NN  ,_,  thinks_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Scott_NP  .  
    during_IO  this_DD1  current_JJ  season_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  instances_NNS  of_IO  visitors_NNS  leaving_VBG  their_APP$  hotels_NNS  earlier_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  booked_VBN  ,_,  simply_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  seen_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  films_NNS  ,_,  been_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  party_NN  and_CC  Palace_NP  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  else_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
  the_AT1  airport_NN  continued_VVD  to_TO  produce_VV0  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  one-night_JB  bookings_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Scott_NP  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  hotels_NNS  and_CC  restaurants_NNS  association_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  taking_VBG  more_DA  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  boarding_NN  house_NN  and_CC  small_JJ  private_JJ  hotel_NN  than_CS  formerly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  pays_VBZ  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0E_NP  Cockrell_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  eastern_JJ  divisional_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  also_RR  for_IO  her_APP$  publicity_NN  work_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thanks_VBZ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  \0Lt.-Col_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0G_NP  Petter_NP  ,_,  their_APP$  president_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  reveals_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  annual_JJ  banquet_NN  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  ,_,  February_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  may_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Belgian_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  approval_NN  at_IO  Liverpool_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  stages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  three-tier_JB  plan_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Clore_NP  to_TO  redevelop_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  *+30_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  large_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  Liverpool_NP  facing_VBG  the_AT1  waterfront_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  approved_VBN  in_IO  principle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  phases_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  take_VV0  between_IO  five_MC  and_CC  seven_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  complete_VV0  will_VM  consist_VV0  of_IO  traffic-free_JJ  shopping_NN  precincts_NNS  ,_,  departmental_JJ  stores_NNS  ,_,  modern_JJ  offices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  multi-storey_JB  garage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  phase_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  originally_RR  included_VVD  a_AT1  luxury_NN  waterfront_NN  hotel_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  sites_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  acquired_VBN  .  
  northern_JJ  \0H.C.I_NP  dinner_NN  told_VBN  of_IO  new_JJ  hotel_NN  plan_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  catering_NN  institute_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  \0E_NP  Dean_NP  ,_,  drew_VVD  a_AT1  statement_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  Newcastle_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  proposed_JJ  hotel_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  proposed_VVD  the_AT1  toast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  guests_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  branch's_NN1$  annual_JJ  dinner-dance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Station_NNL1  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  Newcastle_NP  .  
  winding_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  witty_JJ  speech_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dean_NP  complimented_VVD  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  on_IO  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  its_APP$  ever-changing_JJ  skyline_NN  would_VM  soon_RR  include_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  hotel_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  .  
  replying_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  true_JJ  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  had_VHD  planned_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  revealing_VBG  any_DD  secrets_NNS  in_IO  saying_VBG  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  Eldon_NP  Place_NNL1  and_CC  Percy_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  a_AT1  fine_JJ  central_JJ  site_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hoped_VBN  the_AT1  hotel_NN  would_VM  provide_VV0  an_AT1  entirely_RR  new_JJ  focus_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  whole_JJ  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  then_RL  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  praise_VV0  the_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  being_VBG  attained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  caterers_NNS  of_IO  Tyneside_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  the_AT1    Geordie_NP    had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  recognised_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  craftsman_NN  in_IO  shipbuilding_NN  and_CC  engineering_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  many_DA  people_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  it_PPH1  surprising_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  craftsman_NN  in_IO  cookery_NN  .  
  caterer's_NN1$  initiative_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  caterers_NNS  of_IO  Tyneside_NP  under_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Lonsdale_NP  (_(  past_JB  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  )_)  who_PNQS took_VVD  the_AT1  initiative_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  catering_NN  section_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Newcastle_NP  College_NNL1  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  students'_NN2  cooking_NN  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  quite_RR  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  graduate_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  worthwhile_JJ  project_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Innes_NP  ,_,  principal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  proposing_VBG  the_AT1  toast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tragedy_NN  that_CS  so_RG  many_DA  industries_NNS  today_NN1  still_RR  maintained_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  apprenticeship_NN  system_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  lost_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  aspects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  apprenticeship_NN  council_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  careful_JJ  thought_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  craft_NN  apprenticeships_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  long_JJ  apprenticeship_NN  provided_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  carefully_RR  organised_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  congratulated_VVD  the_AT1  catering_NN  industry_NN  on_IO  being_VBG  alive_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  need_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  more_DA  industries_NNS  saw_VVD  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  careful_JJ  selection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  duties_NNS  and_CC  functions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  apprentice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colleges_NNS  must_VM  work_VV0  with_IO  industry_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  for_IO  the_AT1  apprentice_NN  ,_,  to_TO  produce_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  kind_NN  of_IO  craftsmanship_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Innes_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  Newcastle_NP  the_AT1  education_NN  authority_NN  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  all_DB  it_PPH1  could_VM  to_TO  provide_VV0  better_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  college_NN  premises_NNS  in_IO  Bath_NP  Lane_NNL1  were_VBDR  grossly_RR  inadequate_JJ  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hoped_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  new_JJ  college_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  Place_NNL1  in_IO  about_RR  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  would_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  chance_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  many_DA  aspects_NNS  of_IO  college_NN  work_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  catering_NN  management_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0J_NP  Lanning_NP  ,_,  national_JJ  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  replying_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  toast_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  few_DA  industries_NNS  were_VBDR  growing_VBG  at_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  rate_NN  as_IO  catering_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  catering_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  industry_NN  with_IO  some_DD  deficiencies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  was_VBDZ  that_CS  some_DD  employers_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  yet_RR  realise_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  branch_NN  chairman_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  committee_NN  were_VBDR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  all_DB  they_PPHS2  could_VM  to_TO  remedy_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  development_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  catering_NN  industry_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  neglected_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Institute_NNL1  needed_VVD  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  employers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  education_NN  authorities_NNS  .  
  proposing_VBG  the_AT1  toast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  guests_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Lonsdale_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  catering_NN  industry_NN  today_NN1  required_VVD  brains_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  capacity_NN  to_TO  absorb_VV0  technical_JJ  knowledge_NN  differed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  hard_JJ  realism_NN  of_IO  routine_JJ  catering_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  demanded_VVD  not_XX  only_RR  brains_NNS  and_CC  skill_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  common_JJ  sense_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  highest_JJT  possible_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  courtesy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  factor_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  over-stressed_VBN  in_IO  catering_NN  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  recent_JJ  tea-break_NN  strike_NN  highlighted_VVD  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  recall_VV0  there_EX  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  strike_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  rather_RR  proud_JJ  of_IO  our_APP$  classless_JJ  profession_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Johnson_NP  ,_,  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  advisory_JJ  council_NN  of_IO  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  responded_VVD  .  
  hotel_NN  College_NNL1  is_VBZ  \0U.N.O_NP  in_IO  miniature_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  post-diploma_JB  course_NN  in_IO  hotel_NN  management_NN  now_RL  offered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  catering_NN  section_NN  of_IO  Blackpool_NP  technical_JJ  College_NNL1  ,_,  is_VBZ  highly_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  two_MC  students_NNS  have_VH0  travelled_VBN  thousands_MC2  of_IO  miles_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Krishan_NP  Kuma_NP  Amla_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  \0B.A_NNSB1  degree_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Jamull_NP  and_CC  Kashmir_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0C.Comm_NNSB1  degree_NN  ,_,  commercial_JJ  University_NNL1  of_IO  New_NP  Delhi_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  assistant_NN  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Broadway_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Delhi_NP  ,_,  and_CC  been_VBN  seconded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  management_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  training_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Blackpool_NP  School_NNL1  .  
  within_IO  six_MC  days_NNS  of_IO  receiving_VBG  acceptance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  application_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Amla_NP  flew_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  Blackpool_NP  and_CC  suddenly_RR  appeared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  start_VV0  the_AT1  course_NN  .  
  Leo_NP  \0C_NP  Wilson_NP  says_VBZ  .  
  all-rounders_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  monopoly_NN  in_IO  bad_JJ  judging_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  join_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  controversy_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  judges_NNS  for_IO  championship_NN  shows_NNS  since_CS  Raymond_NP  Oppenheimer_NP  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  very_RG  nicely_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  subject_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  expressed_VBN  an_AT1  opinion_NN  many_DA  times_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  so_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hardly_RR  keep_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  shows_NNS  regulation_NN  committee_NN  holds_VBZ  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  because_CS  a_AT1  championship_NN  show_NN  committee_NN  asks_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  judge_NN  that_DD1  judge_NN  is_VBZ  ipso_RR  facto_RR  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  appointment_NN  whilst_CS  reserving_VBG  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_TO  refuse_VV0  the_AT1  appointment_NN  for_IO  any_DD  reason_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .  
  that_DD1  ,_,  to_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  basic_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  grievous_JJ  error_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  understand_VV0  this_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  better_RRR  if_CS  the_AT1  \0SRC_NP  were_VBDR  composed_VBN  entirely_RR  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  workings_NNS  of_IO  show_NN  committees_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  present_JJ  \0SRC_NP  includes_VBZ  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  quite_RR  intimate_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  championship_NN  show_NN  judges_NNS  are_VBR  appointed_VBN  (_(  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  this_DD1  varies_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  promoting_JJ  club_NN  )_)  so_CS  all_DB  one_MC1  can_VM  think_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  their_APP$  voices_NNS  are_VBR  either_LE  not_XX  raised_VBN  in_IO  protest_NN  or_CC  go_VV0  unheeded_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  main_JB  point_NN  of_IO  difference_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer_NP  is_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  present_JJ  campaign_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  unsuitable_JJ  non-specialist_JJ  judges_NNS  whereas_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  incapable_JJ  specialist_JJ  judges_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer_NP  shares_VBZ  that_DD1  concern_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  issue_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  raised_VBN  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  fully_RR  occupied_VBN  without_IO  widening_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  hold_VV0  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  if_CS  anything_PN1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  to_TO  revise_VV0  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  selecting_VBG  and_CC  approving_VBG  judges_NNS  then_RL  it_PPH1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  be_VB0  all_DB  embracing_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  stand_VV0  up_RP  as_IO  champion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  all-rounders_NNS  merely_RR  because_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN    all-rounder_NC2    is_VBZ  applied_VBN  much_RR  too_RG  loosely_RR  and_CC  made_VBN  applicable_JJ  to_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  just_RR  judged_VBN  small_JJ  shows_NNS  and_CC  variety_NN  classes_NNS  or_CC  best_JJT  in_IO  show_NN  at_IO  championship_NN  shows_NNS  whereas_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  ,_,  strictly_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  only_RR  applied_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  judges_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  demonstrated_VBN  a_AT1  working_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  all_DB  breeds_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  exhibitors_NNS  in_IO  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  large_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  breeds_NNS  .  
  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  given_VBN  the_AT1  label_NN  of_IO  all-rounders_NNS  could_VM  pass_VV0  that_DD1  test_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  support_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer's_PPIO2  contention_NN  that_CS  some_DD  all-rounders_NNS  have_VH0  insufficient_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  breed_NN  ,_,  for_CS  good_JJ  bull_NN  terriers_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  good_JJ  Alsatians_NP2  and_CC  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  breeds_NNS  are_VBR  but_II  rarely_RR  met_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  variety_NN  classes_NNS  at_IO  small_JJ  shows_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  when_CS a_AT1  breed_NN  class_NN  is_VBZ  scheduled_VBN  the_AT1  top_JB  dogs_NNS  rarely_RR  go_VV0  pot_NN  hunting_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  being_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  breed_NN  (_(  and_CC  therefore_RR  getting_VBG  one's_$  eye_NN  in_RP  )_)  are_VBR  limited_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  judge_VV0  as_RG  many_DA  shows_NNS  as_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  confess_VV0  that_CS  so_RG  far_RR  this_DD1  year_NN    apart_IO  from_II  when_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  judged_VBN  at_IO  \0Ch_NN  shows_NNS    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  come_VBN  across_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  bull_NN  terriers_NNS  (_(  possibly_RR  only_RR  half_DB  that_DD1  number_NN  )_)  and_CC  only_RR  one_MC1  really_RR  top_JB  class_NN  specimen_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  recall_VV0  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  in_IO  show_NN  ring_NN  at_IO  Welks_NP  where_CS I_PPIS1  left_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  breed_NN  bull_NN  terrier_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  from_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  my_APP$  final_JJ  selection_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  this_DD1  goes_VBZ  therefore_RR  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer_NP  that_CS  judges_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  merely_RR  termed_VBN  all-rounders_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  limited_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  judging_VBG  varieties_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  fully_RR  equipped_VBN  to_TO  award_VV0  \0CCs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  breed_NN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  all-rounders_NNS  (_(  or_CC  if_CS  one_MC1  prefers_VBZ  the_AT1  term_NN    non-specialists_NC2    )_)  have_VH0  no_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  bad_JJ  judging_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  before_II  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  faults_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  system_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  judge_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  hauled_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  coals_NNS  and_CC  asked_VVD  to_TO  explain_VV0  his_APP$  or_CC  her_APP$  reasons_NNS  for_IO  placings_NNS  which_DDQ  cause_VV0  widespread_JJ  amazement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  official_JJ  referee_NN  or_CC  umpire_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  arraigned_VBN  for_IO  decisions_NNS  alleged_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  bad_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  myself_PPX1  seen_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  amazing_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  judging_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  specialist_JJ  judge_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer's_PPIO2  own_DA  breed_NN  where_CS several_DA  very_RG  ordinary_JJ  dogs_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  really_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  pet_NN  category_NN  were_VBDR  placed_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  champion_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  only_RR  just_RR  won_VBN  his_APP$  qualifying_JJ  \0CC_NN  under_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Oppenheimer_NP  himself_PPX1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  unfit_JJ  or_CC  lame_JJ  or_CC  anything_PN1  else_RR  apparent_JJ  which_DDQ  accounted_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  being_VBG  ignored_VBN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  occasions_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  to_IO  specialist_JJ  judges_NNS  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  \0CC_NN  winners_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  amazed_VBN  at_IO  their_APP$  apparent_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  or_CC  perception_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understandable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  \0CC_NN  winners_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  their_APP$  imperfections_NNS  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  come_VBN  across_IO  cases_NNS  where_CS specialists_NNS    in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  admit_VV0  where_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fulfilling_VBG  their_APP$  first_MD  championship_NN  show_NN  engagement_NN    when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  gone_VBN  into_IO  raptures_NNS  over_IO  very_RG  ordinary_JJ  specimens_NNS  with_IO  quite_RR  obvious_JJ  faults_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  when_CS fundamental_JJ  anatomical_JJ  faults_NNS  were_VBDR  pointed_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1    such_IO  as_II  faulty_JJ  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  movement_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  not_XX  only_RR  been_VBN  unable_JJ  or_CC  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  faults_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  even_RR  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  pitying_JJ  look_NN  one_MC1  gives_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  half-witted_JJ  child_NN  because_CS  I_PPIS1  even_RR  suggested_VVD  that_CS  their_APP$  idol_NN  had_VHD  feet_NNS  of_IO  clay_NN    so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  specialist_JJ  judges_NNS  condemn_VV0  exhibits_NNS  for_IO  faults_NNS  which_DDQ  either_LE  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  possess_VV0  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  provided_VBN  for_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  or_CC  for_IO  things_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  obviously_RR  were_VBDR  not_XX  equipped_VBN  to_TO  judge_VV0  .  
  as_IO  examples_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  recently_RR  heard_VVD  the_AT1  scathing_JJ  comment_NN    slipped_JJ  patella_NN    used_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  hop_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  perfectly_RR  sure_JJ  no_AT1  veterinary_JJ  surgeon_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  committed_VBN  himself_PPX1  to_IO  that_DD1  diagnosis_NN  without_IO  at_RR  least_RR  subjecting_VBG  the_AT1  dog_NN  to_IO  examination_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  extremely_RR  doubtful_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  judge_NN  making_VBG  that_DD1  remark_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  condition_NN  by_IO  examination_NN  .  
  especially_RR  as_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  added_VVD  the_AT1  revealing_JJ  comment_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  had_VHN  that_DD1  trouble_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  kennel_NN    .  
  another_DD1  specialist_NN  of_IO  some_DD  repute_NN  faulted_VVD  a_AT1  dog_NN  for_IO  missing_JJ  molars_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  examined_VBN  the_AT1  dog_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  only_RR  going_VBG  by_IO  hearsay_NN  .  
  and_CC  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  dog_NN  did_VDD  have_VH0  missing_JJ  molars_NNS  the_AT1  breed_NN  standard_NN  makes_VBZ  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  fault_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  saying_VBG  a_AT1  dog_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  penalised_VBN  for_IO  missing_JJ  molars_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  how_CS many_DA  judges_NNS  even_RR  look_VV0  at_IO  molars_NNS  .  
  and_CC  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  all_DB  know_VV0  just_RR  how_CS many_DA  teeth_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  category_NN  a_AT1  dog_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  .  
  bench_NN  and_CC  field_NN  .  
  how_CS the_AT1  minor_JJ  breeds_NNS  can_VM  help_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  by_IO  \0F_NP  Warner_NP  Hill_NP  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  non-certificated_JJ  breeds_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  championship_NN  shows_NNS  is_VBZ  always_RR  with_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1    big_JJ  boys_NNS    are_VBR  tacitly_RR  expected_VBN  to_TO  schedule_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  almost_JB  certainty_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  lose_VV0  money_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  classification_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  these_DD2  breeds_NNS  again_RR  rests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  generosity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  promoters_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  here_RL  the_AT1  breed_NN  clubs_NNS  can_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  part_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  breeds_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  often_RR  pay_VV0  better_RRR  at_IO  regional_JJ  open_JJ  and_CC  limited_JJ  shows_NNS  than_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  at_IO  national_JJ  events_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  breed_NN  clubs_NNS  are_VBR  invariably_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  national_JJ  membership_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  suggest_VV0  they_PPHS2  could_VM  relieve_VV0  those_DD2  national_JJ  shows_NNS  who_PNQS schedule_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  guarantees_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  whole_JJ  or_CC  partial_JJ  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  financial_JJ  position_NN  .  
  if_CS  guarantees_NNS  are_VBR  impossible_JJ  then_RL  could_VM  not_XX  there_EX  be_VB0  more_DA  cash_NN  specials_NNS  reserved_VBN  for_IO  shows_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  members_NNS  to_TO  enter_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  fully_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  complexities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  president_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  minor_JJ  clubs_NNS  concerned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  feel_VV0  that_CS  when_CS certificates_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  offer_NN  these_DD2  are_VBR  a_AT1  prime_JB  attraction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  balanced_VBN  at_IO  shows_NNS  without_IO  certificates_NNS  with_IO  augmented_JJ  prize_NN  money_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  specials_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  coffers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  untold_JJ  good_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  breed_NN  represented_VBN  at_IO  national_JJ  fixtures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  breeds_NNS  the_AT1  club_NN  members_NNS  must_VM  of_IO  necessity_NN  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  financial_JJ  support_NN  whenever_CS possible_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  does_VBZ  not_XX  see_VV0  so_RG  often_RR  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  breed_NN  patrons_NNS  providing_CS  private_JJ  guarantees_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  relieving_VBG  the_AT1  club_NN  finances_NNS  as_CS  formerly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  might_VM  commend_VV0  to_IO  those_DD2  interested_JJ  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  Robert_NP  Burns_NP  ,_,  translated_VBN  into_IO  English_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  offering_VBG  a_DA  little_DA  extra_JJ  support_NN  apiece_RR  can_VM  accomplish_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  result_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  satisfactory_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  a_AT1  patron_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  intent_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  wealthy_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  hand_VV0  over_RP  plenty_NN  of_IO  cash_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  suspicious_JJ  days_NNS  running_VBG  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  accused_VBN  of_IO    buying_VBG  their_APP$  way_NN  in_RP    .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  fact_NN  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  sensitive_JJ  people_NNS  have_VH0  actually_RR  provided_VBN  this_DD1  cash_NN  support_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  anonymous_JJ  donations_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  conditions_NNS  as_IO  to_II  how_CS it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  one_MC1  well-known_JJ  club_NN  which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  a_AT1  subscription_NN  list_NN  to_TO  offset_VV0  show_NN  expenses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  contributors'_NN2  names_NNS  are_VBR  listed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  donations_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  one_MC1  way_NN  of_IO  overcoming_VBG  an_AT1  embarrassment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  proving_VBG  the_AT1    widow's_NN1$  mite_NN    as_RG  equally_RR  well_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  as_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wealthy_JJ  pharisee_NN  .  
  in_IO  glancing_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  entry_NN  list_NN  at_IO  Birmingham_NP  (_(  taken_VBN  at_RR  random_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  )_)  I_PPIS1  note_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  strange_JJ  anomalies_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  pointers_NNS  without_IO  certificates_NNS  in_IO  six_MC  classes_NNS  average_VV0  3.3_MC  ,_,  while_CS  German_JJ  short-haired_JJ  pointers_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  judge_NN  with_IO  certificates_NNS  rate_VV0  six_MC  in_IO  six_MC  classes_NNS  whilst_CS  Weimaraners_NP2  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  also_RR  judges_VBZ  come_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  five_MC  average_NN  in_IO  four_MC  classes_NNS  without_IO  \0CCs_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  creditable_JJ  to_IO  Weimaraners_NP2  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  schedule_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  looked_VBN  on_IO  as_IO    bird_NN  dogs_NNS    ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  listed_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  rather_RR  than_CS  behind_IO  the_AT1  spaniel_NN  classification_NN  .  
  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  seek_VV0  guarantees_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  dog_NN  breeds_NNS  at_RR  least_RR  have_VH0  flourishing_JJ  clubs_NNS  and_CC  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  supported_VBN  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  accused_VBN  of_IO  taking_VBG  invidious_JJ  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  new_JJ  club_NN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  pointer_NN  club_NN  seeking_VBG  more_DA  certificates_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  breed_NN  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  supported_VBN  quite_DA  a_AT1  generous_JJ  classification_NN  of_IO  six_MC  ,_,  with_IO  something_PN1  more_RG  attractive_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  members_NNS  than_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  rosettes_NNS  .  
  Clumbers_NP2  without_IO  certificates_NNS  have_VH0  20_MC  entries_NNS  and_CC  average_VV0  five_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  good_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  considers_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  overall_JB  average_JJ  entry_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  spaniel_NN  classes_NNS  is_VBZ  6.5_MC  per_IO  class_NN  and_CC  fields_NNS  (_(  without_IO  \0CCs_NNS  )_)  though_CS  not_XX  so_RG  good_JJ  at_IO  3.25_MC  per_IO  class_NN  are_VBR  certainly_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  last_DA  year_NN  when_CS only_RR  two_MC  entries_NNS  were_VBDR  received_VBN    an_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  only_RR  1_MC1  per_IO  class_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  noteworthy_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  general_JJ  average_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  show_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  6.5_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  gundog_NN  group_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  classed_VBN  as_CS  quite_RR  satisfactory_JJ  with_IO  an_AT1  approximate_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  7.2_MC  .  
  among_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  running_VBG  a_AT1  successful_JJ  kennel_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  naming_VBG  the_AT1  inmates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Wilson_NP  Wileys_NP2  who_PNQS live_VV0  at_IO  Little_NP  Wardrobes_NP  and_CC  adopted_VVD  this_DD1  place_NN  name_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  prefix_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  christening_VBG  homebred_JJ  stock_NN  with_IO  names_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  lady's_NN1$  wardrobe_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  Mink_NP  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  varieties_NNS  ,_,  Georgette_NP  ,_,  Hunting_NP  Pink_NP  ,_,  Sari_NP  ,_,  Sable_NP  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  have_VH0  run_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  kindred_JJ  names_NNS  .  
  returning_VBG  from_IO  their_APP$  round-the-world_JB  tour_NN  and_CC  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  naming_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  litters_NNS  awaiting_VBG  their_APP$  arrival_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  Wiley_NP  ,_,  to_TO  while_VV0  away_RP  time_NN  (_(  no_AT1  pun_NN  intended_VBN  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  leg_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  ,_,  started_VVD  jotting_VBG  down_RP  names_NNS  of_IO  accessories_NNS  such_IO  as_II  jewellery_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  listed_VVD  such_DA  names_NNS  as_IO  Cut_NP  Diamond_NP  ,_,  Emerald_NP  ,_,  Opal_NP  ,_,  Garnet_NP  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  ,_,  running_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  ideas_NNS  ,_,  stuffed_VVD  the_AT1  paper_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  make-up_NN  case_NN  .  
  going_VBG  through_IO  customs_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  specifically_RR  asked_VBN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  any_DD  jewellery_NN  bought_VBN  abroad_RR  to_TO  declare_VV0  and_CC  gave_VVD  a_AT1  conscience_NN  clear_JJ      no_UH  ,_,    but_CCB  a_AT1  suspicious_JJ  customs_NNS  officer_NN  ,_,  insisting_VBG  on_IO  examining_VBG  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  across_IO  this_DD1  list_NN  of_IO  jewels_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  took_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  talking_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  solicitor_NN  husband_NN  to_TO  convince_VV0  the_AT1  officer_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  smuggler's_NN1$  list_NN  but_CCB  merely_RR  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  names_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  boxer_NN  puppies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  .  
  Danish_JJ  dairy_NN  increases_VBZ  output_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  European_JJ  countries_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Switzerland_NP  ,_,  Holland_NP  ,_,  Germany_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  sales_NNS  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  have_VH0  recently_RR  undergone_VBN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  increase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  even_RR  greater_JJ  as_CS  one_MC1  comes_VBZ  as_RG  far_RR  south_NN1  as_IO  Turkey_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Balkans_NP2  ,_,  where_CS yoghurt_NN  originated_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Scandinavian_JJ  countries_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  not_XX  varied_VBN  very_RG  much_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  possible_JJ  exception_NN  of_IO  Sweden_NP  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  market_NN  interest_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  special_JJ  cultured_JJ  milk_NN  product_NN  .  
  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  in_IO  Denmark_NP  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  move_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  sales_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS the_AT1  international_JJ  weekly_JJ  and_CC  monthly_JJ  journals_NNS  have_VH0  emphasized_VBN  the_AT1  health-giving_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  increase_NN  to_IO  date_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  not_XX  given_VBN  rise_NN  to_IO  much_DA  profit_NN  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  turnover_NN  and_CC  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  before_CS  much_DA  return_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  there_EX  are_VBR  grounds_NNS  for_IO  rationalising_VBG  the_AT1  product_NN  and_CC  improving_VBG  the_AT1  quality_NN  .  
  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR  an_AT1  effort_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  sell_VV0  more_DA  yoghurt_NN  in_IO  greater_JJ  Copenhagen_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  dairy_NN  firm_NN  Jaegersborg_&FW  Alle*?2s_&FW  Mejeri_&FW  increased_VVD  its_APP$  sales_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  production_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  rationalised_VBN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  latest_JJT  methods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  dairy_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  constructed_VVD  a_AT1  completely_RR  new_JJ  yoghurt_NN  department_NN  ,_,  equipped_VBN  with_IO  new_JJ  plant_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  new_JJ  automatically_RR  controlled_VBN  yoghurt_NN  incubator_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  incubator_NN  is_VBZ  2_MC  \0m_NNU  wide_JJ  ,_,  1_MC1  \0m_NNU  deep_JJ  and_CC  2_MC  \0m_NNU  high_JJ  and_CC  holds_VBZ  in_IO  all_DB  2,000_MC  quarter-litre_JB  yoghurt_NN  jars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  stand_VV0  in_IO  galvanized_JJ  crates_NNS  ,_,  50_MC  to_IO  each_DD1  crate_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  insulated_VBN  and_CC  finished_VBN  in_IO  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  plate_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  inside_RP  and_CC  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  quality_NN  include_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  careful_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  all_DB  time-temperature_JB  combinations_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  .  
  the_AT1  incubator_NN  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  equipped_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  precise_JJ  and_CC  entirely_RR  automatic_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  leaves_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_IO  chance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  yoghurt_NN  jars_NNS  enter_VV0  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  till_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  removed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  dispatch_NN  department_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  automatic_JJ  control_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  manufacturing_NN  method_NN  employed_VBN  by_IO  Jaegersborg_&FW  Alle*?2s_&FW  Mejeri_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  varied_VBN  if_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  product_NN  from_IO  day_NN  to_IO  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  product_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  mild_JJ  ,_,  acid_JJ  and_CC  aromatic_JJ  flavour_NN  .  
  methods_NNS  of_IO  manufacture_NN  .  
  stassinized_JJ  milk_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  milk_NN  is_VBZ  stored_VBN  overnight_RR  at_IO  4_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  ageing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  milk_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  place_NN  during_IO  this_DD1  storage_NN  period_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  important_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  product_NN  .  
  the_AT1  aged_JJ  milk_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  filled_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  500_MC  \0l_NNU  jacketed_JJ  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  container_NN  and_CC  heated_VBN  to_IO  70_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  homogenised_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  temperature_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  only_RR  a_AT1  light_JJ  pressure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  then_RL  fed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  holding_NN  vessel_NN  ,_,  exactly_RR  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  heated_VBN  to_IO  95_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  in_IO  30_MC  \0min_NNU  .  
  afterwards_RR  the_AT1  milk_NN  is_VBZ  cooled_VBN  to_IO  50_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  point_NN  3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  yoghurt_NN  culture_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  thoroughly_RR  stirred_VBN  in_RP  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  milk_NN  is_VBZ  filled_VBN  in_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  250_MC  \0ml_NNU  jars_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  55_MC  \0mm_NNU  opening_NN  designed_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  yoghurt_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  eaten_VBN  direct_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  jar_NN  .  
  filling_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  Handy_NP  2_MC  apparatus_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  with_IO  specially_RR  designed_VBN  filling_NN  valves_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  mouthed_JJ  jars_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  yoghurt_NN  culture_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  streptoccus_&FW  thermophilus_&FW  and_CC  thermobacterium_&FW  bulgaricum_&FW  ,_,  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  disinfectants_NNS  and_CC  sodium_NN  hypochlorite_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  used_VBN  therefore_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  rinse_NN  water_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jars_NNS  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  jars_NNS  leave_VV0  the_AT1  washer_NN  hot_JJ  and_CC  dry_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  short_JJ  time_NN  .  
  after_IO  filling_NN  and_CC  capping_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inoculated_JJ  yoghurt_NN  milk_NN  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  41-42_MC-MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  jars_NNS  are_VBR  put_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  incubator_NN  ,_,  where_CS this_DD1  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  constant_JJ  for_IO  approximately_RR  2_MC  \0hr_NNU  .  
  supplementary_JJ  heat_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  electric_JJ  heating_NN  element_NN  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  partition_NN  wall_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  doors_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  automatically_RR  controlled_VBN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  contact_NN  thermometers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  reduced_VBN  to_IO  20_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  2_MC  \0hr_NNU  .  
  cooling_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  chilled_JJ  water_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  also_RR  automatically_RR  controlled_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  temperature_NN  falls_VBZ  evenly_RR  .  
  in_IO  further_JB  period_NN  of_IO  2_MC  \0hr_NNU  the_AT1  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  from_IO  20_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  to_IO  4_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  yoghurt_NN  is_VBZ  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  .  
  freezing_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  refrigeration_NN  unit_NN  mounted_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  incubator_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  also_RR  equipped_VBN  with_IO  automatic_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  temperature_NN  controls_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  mounted_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  control_NN  panel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  control_NN  is_VBZ  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  acid_NN  development_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  almost_RR  constant_JJ  from_IO  day_NN  to_IO  day_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  yoghurt_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  product_NN  from_IO  wheying_VBG  off_RP  at_IO  any_DD  stage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  ripening_NN  is_VBZ  stopped_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  acidity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  temperature_NN  subsequently_RR  reduced_VBN  quickly_RR  and_CC  evenly_RR  .  
  Jaegersborg_&FW  Alle*?2s_&FW  Mejeri_&FW  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  to_TO  handle_VV0  yoghurt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  standard_JJ  jars_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  nothing_PN1  appeals_VBZ  more_RRR  to_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  appetite_NN  than_IO  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  clear_JJ  ,_,  uniformly_RR  filled_VBN  jars_NNS  standing_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  dispatch_NN  .  
  with_IO  its_APP$  new_JJ  equipment_NN  the_AT1  dairy_NN  can_VM  turn_VV0  out_RP  2,000_MC  jars_NNS  daily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  trade_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  expand_VV0  it_PPH1  will_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  time_NN  before_IO  new_JJ  equipment_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  already_RR  installed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  manufacturers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  incubator_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  equipped_VBN  with_IO  Faxholm_NP  automatic_JJ  controls_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  \0P_NP  Andersen's_PPIO2  \0EFTF_NP  of_IO  Copenhagen_NP  .  
  supermarket_NN  trade_NN  association_NN  formed_VBN  .  
  two_MC  classes_NNS  of_IO  membership_NN  .  
  a_AT1  trade_NN  association_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  formed_VBN  to_TO  service_VV0  the_AT1  rapidly_RR  growing_JJ  supermarket_NN  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  founder_NN  members_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  Neville_NP  Cohen_NP  of_IO  London_NP  grocers_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Sydney_NP  \0J_NP  Ingram_NP  of_IO  Anthony_NP  Jackson's_PPIO2  Foodfare_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Patrick_NP  Galvani_NP  of_IO  premier_NN  supermarkets_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  \0J_NP  Prideaux_NP  of_IO  John_NP  Gardner_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  \0T_NP  Lennon_NP  of_IO  Lennons_NP2  supermarkets_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Trenchard_NP  and_CC  Wilfred_NP  Proudfoot_NP  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  objectives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  supermarket_NN  association_NN  are_VBR  :_:    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  full_JJ  information_NN  service_NN  to_IO  members_NNS  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  to_TO  represent_VV0  the_AT1  industry_NN  on_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  legislation_NN  ,_,  staff_NN  and_CC  public_JJ  relations_NNS  .  (_(  3_MC  )_)  to_TO  attract_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  people_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  and_CC  develop_VV0  training_NN  facilities_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  two_MC  classes_NNS  of_IO  membership_NN  are_VBR  proposed_VBN  :_:  full_JJ  membership_NN  for_IO  companies_NNS  engaged_VBN  in_IO  operating_VBG  supermarkets_NNS    the_AT1  subscription_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  50_MC  \0gns_NNU2  a_AT1  year_NN  plus_IO  one_MC1  guinea_NN  per_IO  branch_NN    and_CC  associate_NN  membership_NN  for_IO  manufacturers_NNS  and_CC  suppliers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  receive_VV0  the_AT1  full_JJ  services_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  but_CCB  will_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  voting_NN  powers_NNS  .  
  subscription_NN  for_IO  associates_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  100_MC  \0gns_NNU2  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  to_TO  extend_VV0  personal_JJ  membership_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  engaged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  when_CS training_NN  facilities_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  believe_VV0  that_CS  joint_JB  action_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  growing_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  pre-packed_JJ  and_CC  graded_JJ  produce_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  met_VBN  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  united_JJ  industry_NN  can_VM  deal_VV0  adequately_RR  with_IO  marketing_NN  board_NN  government_NN  departments_NNS  .  
  staff_NN  training_NN  ,_,  statistical_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  information_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  relations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  buying_JJ  public_NN  are_VBR  all_DB  recognised_VBN  as_IO  immediate_JJ  requirements_NNS  that_PNQS only_RR  a_AT1  fully_RR  representative_JJ  trade_NN  organisation_NN  can_VM  provide_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Don_NP  Parsons_NP  ,_,  executive_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supermarket_NN  institute_NN  of_IO  America_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  elected_VBN  an_AT1  honorary_JJ  member_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0G_NP  Sabatini_NP  ,_,  manager_NN  of_IO  promotion_NN  features_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  supermarket_NN  association_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  offices_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  17/19_MC  Stratford_NP  Place_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  \0W.1_NP  (_(  telephone_NN  :_:  Grosvenor_NP  8561/4_MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  full_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  provided_VBN  by_IO  promotion_NN  features_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  monthly_JJ  digest_NN  of_IO  world_NN  literature_NN  .  
  by_IO  Ernest_NP  \0J_NP  Mann_NP  ,_,  \0N.D.D_NP  .  
  commonwealth_NN  bureau_NN  of_IO  dairy_NN  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  .  
  milk_NN  drying_NN  .  
  considerable_JJ  technical_JJ  developments_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  taking_VBG  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  drying_NN  during_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  indication_NN  as_RR  yet_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  and_CC  developments_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  
  an_AT1  entirely_RR  new_JJ  process_NN  developed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  and_CC  suitable_JJ  for_IO  drying_VBG  milk_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  other_DA  foods_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  \0B.I.R.S_NP  process_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  detailed_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  published_VBN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  remove_VV0  water_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  dried_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  minimum_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  flavour_NN  and_CC  nutritive_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  product_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  achieved_VBN  essentially_RR  by_IO  drying_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  below_IO  30_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  after_II  pilot_NN  plant_NN  studies_NNS  had_VHD  shown_VBN  that_CS  over_RR  80_MC  different_JJ  foods_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  milk_NN  ,_,  butter_NN  ,_,  cheese_NN  and_CC  yoghurt_NN  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  dried_VBN  successfully_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  plant_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  in_IO  Sienna_NP  ,_,  Italy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  now_RL  in_IO  operation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  tomato_NN  powder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plant_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  70-meter_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  plastics-lined_JJ  drying_NN  tower_NN  ,_,  through_IO  which_DDQ  particles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  dried_VBN  fall_VV0  in_IO  counter_JJ  current_NN  to_IO  slowly_RR  rising_VBG  pre-dried_JJ  air_NN  flowing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  0.05_MC  to_IO  1_MC1  meter_NN  per_IO  second_NN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  drying_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  very_RG  slowly_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  below_IO  30_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  little_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  aroma_NN  and_CC  flavour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  product_NN  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  is_VBZ  dried_VBN  by_IO  passage_NN  through_IO  chambers_NNS  containing_VBG  moisture_NN  absorbents_NNS  and_CC  enters_VBZ  the_AT1  chamber_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  moisture_NN  content_NN  of_IO  3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  leaving_VBG  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  moisture_NN  content_NN  of_IO  80-90_MC-MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  filtered_VBN  before_IO  entering_VBG  the_AT1  drying_NN  tower_NN  ,_,  containing_VBG  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  0.5_MC  \0mg_NNU  dust_NN  per_IO  cubic_JJ  meter_NN  and_CC  being_VBG  free_JJ  from_IO  bacterial_JJ  contamination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  particle_NN  size_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  varied_VBN  by_IO  regulating_VBG  the_AT1  distributor_NN  feeding_VBG  the_AT1  product_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  and_CC  drying_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  from_IO  5_MC  \0sec_NNU  to_IO  considerably_RR  longer_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  new_JJ  plants_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  planned_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  drying_NN  capacities_NNS  of_IO  1,000_MC  to_IO  5,000_MC  litres_NNS  moisture_NN  removed_VBN  per_IO  hour_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  calculated_VBN  that_CS  only_RR  1.2_MC  to_IO  1.8_MC  \0kg_NNU  steam_NN  are_VBR  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  \0kg_NNU  moisture_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0B.I.R.S_NP  process_NN  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  3.0_MC  to_IO  3.5_MC  \0kg_NNU  required_VBN  in_IO  continental_JJ  spray-drying_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  object_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  recent_JJ  American_JJ  patents_NNS  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  to_TO  achieve_VV0  a_AT1  powder_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  solubility_NN  and/or_CC  stability_NN  ,_,  attention_NN  being_VBG  directed_VBN  especially_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  drying_NN  of_IO  whole_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  one_MC1  such_DA  process_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  involves_VBZ  incorporating_VBG  an_AT1  inert_JJ  gas_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  solubility_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  concentrated_JJ  ,_,  homogenised_JJ  fat-containing_JJ  milk_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  fat_NN  particles_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  exceed_VV0  2m_&FO  ,_,  subjecting_VBG  the_AT1  concentrate_NN  to_IO  such_DA  conditions_NNS  of_IO  temperature_NN  and_CC  pressure_NN  as_CS  will_VM  prevent_VV0  substantial_JJ  evolution_NN  of_IO  gas_NN  while_CS  causing_VBG  the_AT1  concentrate_NN  to_TO  foam_VV0  or_CC  puff_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  drying_VBG  the_AT1  foamed_JJ  concentrate_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  dry_JJ  cellular_JJ  product_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  readily_RR  dispersible_JJ  in_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  by_IO  hand_NN  stirring_NN  .  
  another_DD1  ,_,  somewhat_RR  similar_JJ  ,_,  process_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  involves_VBZ  converting_JJ  concentrated_JJ  milk_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  stable_JJ  foam_NN  by_IO  incorporating_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  foam-stabilising_JJ  agent_NN  (_(  1-4_MC-MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  by_IO  \0wt_NN  )_)  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  air_NN  or_CC  inert_JJ  gas_NN  .  
  the_AT1  milk_NN  foam_NN  produced_VBN  is_VBZ  then_RL  exposed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  layer_NN  ,_,  at_IO  normal_JJ  pressures_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  current_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  gases_NNS  at_IO  120_MC  *@_NNU  -220_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  until_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  dried_VBN  .  
  during_IO  drying_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  foam_NN  retains_VBZ  its_APP$  expanded_JJ  volume_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  final_JJ  product_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  brittle_JJ  ,_,  sponge-like_JJ  porous_JJ  mass_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  a_AT1  matrix_NN  of_IO  solid_JJ  milk_NN  particles_NNS  interspersed_VBN  with_IO  pockets_NNS  of_IO  gas_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  readily_RR  crushed_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  porous_JJ  flakes_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  highly_RR  soluble_JJ  in_IO  water_NN  .  
  on_IO  somewhat_RR  different_JJ  lines_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  process_NN  suitable_JJ  for_IO  spray-drying_VBG  whole_JJ  milk_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  involves_VBZ  spraying_VBG  concentrated_JJ  milk_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  vacuum_NN  chamber_NN  and_CC  subjecting_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  radiant_JJ  microwave_NN  energy_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  below_IO  35_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  section_NN  until_CS  a_AT1  solids_NNS  content_NN  of_IO  87_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reached_VBN  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  treated_VBN  by_IO  infra-red_JJ  rays_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  below_IO  60_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  until_CS  the_AT1  dried_JJ  milk_NN  particles_NNS  attain_VV0  a_AT1  moisture_NN  content_NN  less_DA  than_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  milk_NN  particles_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  coated_VBN  by_IO  spraying_VBG  a_AT1  hot_JJ  lactose_NN  solution_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drying_NN  chamber_NN  .  
  this_DD1  imparts_VBZ  improved_JJ  solubility_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dried_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  improved_JJ  solubility_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  claimed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  process_NN  emanating_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  Netherlands_NP  (_(  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  spray_NN  dried_JJ  skim-_JB  or_CC  whole_JJ  milk_NN  is_VBZ  heated_VBN  to_IO  70_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  steam_NN  jacketed_JJ  rotary_JJ  mixer_NN  and_CC  0.2-4_MC-MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  by_IO  weight_NN  of_IO  similarly_RR  heated_JJ  liquified_JJ  soya-lecithin_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  ,_,  causing_VBG  the_AT1  milk_NN  particles_NNS  to_TO  become_VV0  coated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  lecithin_NN  .  
  editorial_JJ  points_NNS  .  
  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  important_JJ  competitions_NNS  held_VBN  recently_RR  we_PPIS2  regret_VV0  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  include_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  issue_NN  some_DD  interesting_JJ  technical_JJ  articles_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  series_NN  .  
  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  next_DA  month_NN  .  
  apprenticeship_NN  ratio_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  that_CS  hairdressers_NNS  can_VM  employ_VV0  more_DA  apprentices_NNS    that_DD1  is_VBZ  over_IO  the_AT1  legal_JJ  ratio_NN    provided_CS  they_PPHS2  pay_VV0  rates_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  any_DD    other_DA  worker_NN  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  very_DA  fact_NN  of_IO  paying_VBG  an_AT1  apprentice_NN  more_DA  money_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  permit_VV0  master_NN  hairdressers_NNS  to_TO  employ_VV0  apprentices_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  unless_CS  such_DA  other_DA  wages_NNS  are_VBR  paid_VBN  that_PNQS the_AT1  order_NN  specifies_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  paid_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  those_DD2  of_IO  first-year_JB  operatives_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  those_DD2  of_IO    other_DA  worker_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  hairdressers_NNS  have_VH0  employed_VBN  young_JJ  people_NNS  as_IO  apprentices_NNS  at_IO    other_DA  worker_NN    rates_NNS  believing_VBG  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  permissible_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  and_CC  while_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  in_IO  certain_JJ  cases_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  tolerated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  of_IO  apprenticeship_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO    other_DA  worker_NN    rates_NNS  would_VM  certainly_RR  not_XX  be_VB0  acceptable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  concerned_VBN  is_VBZ  to_TO  operate_VV0  the_AT1  wages_NNS  order_NN  as_CS  written_VBN  .  
  there_EX  need_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  an_AT1  increasingly_RR  sharp_JJ  official_JJ  eye_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  kept_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  ratio_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  1948_MC  implies_VBZ  that_CS  three_MC  times_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  apprenticed_VBN  today_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  age-old_JJ  custom_NN  of_IO  apprenticeship_NN  is_VBZ  dying_VBG  .  
  and_CC  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  employer_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  apprentice_NN  supplementary_JJ  training_NN  at_IO  national_JJ  technical_JJ  Colleges_NPLS  and_CC  these_DD2  facilities_NNS  are_VBR  growing_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  time_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  trainee_NN  schools_NNS  will_VM  disappear_VV0  altogether_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  every_AT1  intelligent_JJ  hairdresser_NN  knows_VBZ  by_IO  now_RL  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  obligation_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  proper_JJ  training_NN  for_IO  apprentices_NNS  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  interests_NNS  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  pool_NN  of_IO  qualified_JJ  assistants_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  draw_VV0  replacements_NNS  and_CC  increase_VV0  staff_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  there_RL  for_IO  him_PPHO1  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  undertakes_VBZ  to_TO  train_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  quota_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  way_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  knows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  trainee_NN  river_NN  of_IO  supply_NN  is_VBZ  poor_JJ  and_CC  useless_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  however_CS much_DA  work_NN  he_PPHO1  puts_VBZ  in_RP  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  improve_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  face_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  those_DD2  young_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS seek_VV0  to_TO  enter_VV0  the_AT1  bona-fide_JB  craft_NN  through_IO  trainee_NN  school_NN  instruction_NN  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  things_NNS  the_AT1  easy_JJ  way_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  willing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  possess_VV0  the_AT1  ability_NN  ,_,  to_TO  undergo_VV0  the_AT1  discipline_NN  and_CC  teaching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three-year_JB  course_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  sorry_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  bitter_JJ  lesson_NN  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  must_VM  learn_VV0  .  
  hairdressing_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  easily_RR  taught_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  short_JJ  cuts_NNS  .  
  maybe_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  young_JJ  trainees_NNS  do_VD0  have_VH0  a_AT1  pronounced_JJ  flair_NN  for_IO  hairdressing_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  higher_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  and_CC  education_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  kind_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hairdresser_NN  to_TO  teach_VV0  ,_,  keep_VV0  alive_JJ  and_CC  make_VV0  progressive_JJ  the_AT1  various_JJ  skills_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  professional_JJ  hairdressing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  however_CS much_DA  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  knows_VBZ  about_IO  his_APP$  job_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  something_PN1  more_DA  to_TO  learn_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  professional_JJ  pride_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  wig-making_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  however_CS unnecessary_JJ  it_PPH1  may_VM  appear_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  .  
  for_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  seen_VBN  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  wig_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  fashion_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  said_VBN  goodbye_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  throughout_IO  our_APP$  history_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  goes_VBZ  back_RP  a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  way_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  newer_JJ  skills_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  more_DA  .  
  modern_JJ  hair_NN  colouring_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  comparatively_RR  new_JJ  .  
  its_APP$  techniques_NNS  will_VM  grow_VV0  more_RG  complex_JJ  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  every_AT1  other_DA  professional_JJ  skill_NN  grows_VBZ  more_RG  complex_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  imagine_VV0  anyway_RR  that_CS  simplification_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  boon_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  often_RR  leads_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  cheapening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  service_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  quality_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  moot_JB  point_NN  if_CS  a_AT1  simplified_JJ  service_NN  can_VM  impose_VV0  increased_JJ  charges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  professional_JJ  service_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hairdresser_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  always_RR  something_PN1  that_PNQS the_AT1  public_NN  can_VM  not_XX  provide_VV0  for_IO  itself_PPX1  .  
  do_VD0  not_XX  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   be_VB0  misled_VBN  that_CS  because_CS  times_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  affluent_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessarily_RR  easier_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  earn_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  living_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  countries_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  could_VM  mention_VV0  where_CS the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  high_JJ  and_CC  where_CS more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  women_NNS  are_VBR  dressing_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  hair_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  because_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  service_NN  their_APP$  hairdressers_NNS  offer_VV0  is_VBZ  worth_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  happen_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  drop_VV0  our_APP$  professional_JJ  service_NN  standards_NNS  by_IO  turning_VBG  out_RP  mass_NN  produced_JJ  work_NN  the_AT1  public_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  will_VM  judge_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  charge_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  public_NN  will_VM  decide_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  it_PPH1  pays_VBZ  .  
  raising_VBG  gent's_NN1$  prices_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  gentleman's_NN1$  hairdresser_NN  putting_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  prices_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  still_RR  not_XX  high_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  indeed_RR  a_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  skill_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  charges_NNS  for_IO  it_PPH1  have_VH0  been_VBN  too_RG  low_JJ  for_IO  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  now_RL  property_NN  values_NNS  are_VBR  soaring_VBG  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  becoming_VBG  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  gent's_NN1$  salon_NN  to_TO  exist_VV0  .  
  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  driven_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  busy_JJ  streets_NNS  into_IO  back_JB  streets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  will_VM  inevitably_RR  cease_VV0  to_TO  exist_VV0  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  young_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  enter_VV0  the_AT1  business_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tide_NN  is_VBZ  running_VBG  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  units_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  these_DD2  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  obtain_VV0  higher_JJ  prices_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  service_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  indispensable_JJ  service_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  scope_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  for_IO  other_DA  services_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  young_JJ  men_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  showing_VBG  increasing_JJ  smartness_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  appearance_NN  and_CC  dress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dowdy_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  shabby_JJ  suit_NN  will_VM  shortly_RR  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  dreary_JJ  past_NN  .  
  older_JJ  generations_NNS  may_VM  not_XX  always_RR  approve_VV0  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  young_JJ  generation_NN  does_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  cut_VV0  no_AT1  ice_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  youngsters_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  support_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  styling_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  gentleman's_NN1$  hairdresser_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fine_JJ  exhibition_NN  .  
  over_RR  21,000_MC  people_NNS  visited_VVD  the_AT1  hairdressing_NN  exhibition_NN  at_IO  Alexandra_NP  Palace_NNL1  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  every_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  who_PNQS attend_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  show_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  greater_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  this_DD1  exhibition_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  form_NN  to_IO  numbers_NNS  fit_JJ  to_TO  compare_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  exhibitions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  hall_NN  at_IO  Alexandra_NP  Palace_NNL1  was_VBDZ  larger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  Hall_NNL1  at_IO  Olympia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  display_NN  was_VBDZ  far_RR  higher_JJ  than_IO  anything_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  done_VBN  before_II  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  exhibitors_NNS  had_VHD  displays_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  attract_VV0  much_DA  attention_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  hairdressers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  final_JJ  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  much_DA  more_DA  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_TO  popularise_VV0  and_CC  publicise_VV0  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hairdresser_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  the_AT1  magnet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  competitions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  other_DA  ideas_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  hairdresser_NN  along_RP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  time_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  show_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  Blackpool_NP  will_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  closer_JJ  look_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0H.M.W.A_NP  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  a_AT1  whole_JJ  great_JJ  town_NN  offers_VBZ  attractions_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  furthermore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  holiday_NN  town_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  great_JJ  metropolis_NN  is_VBZ  definitely_RR  not_XX  !_!  
  a_AT1  foolish_JJ  economy_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  tendency_NN  among_IO  master_NN  hairdressers_NNS  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  need_VM  not_XX  insure_VV0  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  employers'_NN2  liability_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  an_AT1  employee_NN  suffers_VBZ  industrial_JJ  injury_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  fully_RR  taken_VBN  care_NN  of_IO  by_IO  national_JJ  health_NN  insurance_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  proved_VBN  that_CS  an_AT1  employer_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  negligent_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  employee_NN  can_VM  sue_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  take_VV0  that_DD1  risk_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  insure_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  attempt_VV0  to_TO  justify_VV0  this_DD1  by_IO  arguing_VBG  that_CS  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  why_CS should_VM  we_PPIS2  keep_VV0  on_RP  paying_VBG  premiums_NNS  to_IO  insurance_NN  companies_NNS  .  
  accidents_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  usually_RR  take_VV0  us_PPIO2   by_IO  surprise_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  never_RR  expected_VBN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  happen_VV0  .  
  who_PNQS  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  would_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  attack_NN  of_IO  dermatitis_NN  through_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  colour_NN  work_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  it_PPH1  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  happen_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  n't_XX  renewed_VBN  her_APP$  rubber_NN  gloves_NNS  or_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  tube_NN  of_IO  barrier_NN  cream_NN  available_JJ  .  
  how_CS unfortunate_JJ  !_!  
  certainly_RR  unfortunate_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   if_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  decides_VBZ  to_TO  sue_VV0  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  save_VV0  money_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  pay_VV0  employers'_NN2  liability_NN  insurance_NN  premiums_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  save_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS much_DA  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  amount_VV0  to_IO  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  pounds_NNS  .  
  and_CC  how_CS much_DA  can_VM  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  your_APP$  guess_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  ours_PP$    maybe_RR  thousands_MC2  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  economising_VBG  here_RL  is_VBZ  just_RR  not_XX  worth_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   choose_VV0  other_DA  ways_NNS  of_IO  saving_VBG  our_APP$  pennies_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  public_JJ  service_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  important_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  up_RP  front_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  shot_VBN  at_IO  .  
  a_AT1  busy_JJ  salon_NN  season_NN  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  .  
  that_DD1  fact_NN  alone_RR  increases_VBZ  our_APP$  risks_NNS  as_IO  employers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  do_VD0  everything_PN1  possible_JJ  to_TO  limit_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  to_TO  wait_VV0  or_CC  not_XX  to_TO  wait_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  registration_NN  movement_NN  celebrates_VBZ  a_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  quiet_JJ  and_CC  steady_JJ  progress_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  dinner_NN  and_CC  dance_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  minded_JJ  body_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  object_NN  :_:  to_TO  pass_VV0  a_AT1  bill_NN  through_IO  parliament_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  hairdressers_NNS  registered_VBN  .  
  when_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  likely_JJ  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  bill_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  through_RP  .  
  many_DA  hairdressers_NNS  ask_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  rush_NN  to_TO  register_VV0  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  avalanche_NN  !_!  
  but_CCB  surely_RR  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  about_IO  things_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  rush_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  now_RL  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  hairdressers'_NN2  registration_NN  council_NN  could_VM  claim_VV0  that_CS  every_AT1  hairdresser_NN  wanted_VVD  registration_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  would_VM  get_VV0  considerable_JJ  support_NN  in_IO  parliament_NN  and_CC  that_CS  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  presented_VBN  the_AT1  government_NN  would_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  through_RP  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  united_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  cause_NN  and_CC  show_VV0  determination_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  object_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  until_CS  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  succeed_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  all_DB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  doing_VBG  is_VBZ  to_TO  undermine_VV0  or_CC  delay_VV0  the_AT1  cause_NN  .  
  full_JJ  support_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  or_CC  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  not_XX  want_VV0  registration_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  then_RL  what_DDQ  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  the_AT1  craft_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   take_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  granted_VBN  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   want_VV0  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS else_RR  can_VM  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  only_DA  registration_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  this_DD1  job_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  agree_VV0  about_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  act_VV0  now_RL  and_CC  do_VD0  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  fee_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  hairdresser_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  ten_MC  shillings_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  twice_RR  that_DD1  amount_NN  .  
  how_CS much_DA  money_NN  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  in_IO  postage_NN  in_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  members_NNS  to_TO  renew_VV0  their_APP$  membership_NN  .  
  how_CS much_DA  money_NN  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  in_IO  publicising_VBG  the_AT1  movement_NN  .  
  however_CS much_DA  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  on_IO  either_LE  account_NN  ,_,  if_CS  more_DA  were_VBDR  available_JJ  a_AT1  better_JJ  job_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  palette_NN  club_NN  .  
  by_IO  Joan_NP  Benton_NP  .  
  colour_NN  for_IO  very_RG  grey_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  hair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colouring_NN  of_IO  very_RG  grey_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  hair_NN  presents_VBZ  particular_JJ  features_NNS  which_DDQ  differ_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  colouring_NN  of_IO  naturally_RR  coloured_JJ  hair_NN  or_CC  hair_NN  containing_VBG  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  grey_NN  .  
  as_IO  hair_NN  loses_VBZ  its_APP$  colour_NN  pigment_NN  ,_,  alterations_NNS  take_VV0  place_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  structure_NN  which_DDQ  change_VV0  the_AT1  texture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  and_CC  often_RR  affect_VV0  its_APP$  resilience_NN  .  
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  vary_VV0  from_IO  head_NN  to_IO  head_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  no_AT1  hard_JJ  and_CC  fast_JJ  rules_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  when_CS applying_VBG  colour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  will_VM  vary_VV0  considerably_RR  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  texture_NN  in_IO  greying_JJ  hair_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hardening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  shaft_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  on_RP  almost_RR  a_AT1  glass-like_JJ  appearance_NN  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  resistant_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  forms_NNS  of_IO  colour_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  noticeable_JJ  when_CS using_VBG  temporary_JJ  or_CC  semi-permanent_JJ  colour_NN  .  
  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  colour_NN  can_VM  in_IO  extreme_JJ  cases_NNS  be_VB0  thrown_VBN  off_RP  ,_,  even_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  applied_VBN  ,_,  so_RG  resistant_JJ  is_VBZ  some_DD  white_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  partial_JJ  penetration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  semi-permanent_JJ  colour_NN  which_DDQ  allows_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  lasting_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  some_DD  weeks_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  always_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  effective_JJ  on_IO  very_RG  grey_JJ  hair_NN  when_CS the_AT1  cuticle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  has_VHZ  hardened_VBN  .  
  semi-permanent_JJ  colouring_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  and_CC  generally_RR  used_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  colouring_VBG  very_RG  grey_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  colour_NN  expert_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  grey_JJ  ,_,  blue-grey_JJ  and_CC  pastel_JJ  tones_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  choose_VV0  .  
  limited_JJ  budget_NN  advertising_NN  .  
  more_DA  money_NN  than_CS  ever_RR  is_VBZ  now_RL  being_VBG  spent_VBN  on_IO  stimulating_VBG  the_AT1  public_NN  to_TO  travel_VV0  abroad_RR    whether_CS  for_IO  business_NN  or_CC  pleasure_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  about_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  agent_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  small_JJ  agent_NN  with_IO  only_RR  limited_JJ  resources_NNS  should_VM  advertise_VV0  ,_,  provided_CS  the_AT1  money_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  directed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  channels_NNS  .  
  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  travel_NN  agent_NN  offers_VBZ  special_JJ  services_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  cliente*?3le_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  as_RG  difficult_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  first_MD  article_NN  therefore_RR  ,_,  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  side_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  second_MD  will_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  third_MD  will_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  direct_JJ  mail_NN  .  
  and_CC  these_DD2  aim_VV0  to_TO  offer_VV0  just_RR  a_DA  few_DA  suggestions_NNS  on_IO  how_CS the_AT1  smaller_JJ  agent_NN  can_VM    sell_VV0  himself_PPX1    successfully_RR  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  many_DA  other_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  publicity_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  covered_VBN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  outdoor_JB  posters_NNS  (_(  roadside_NN  hoardings_NNS  ,_,  bus_NN  sides_NNS  ,_,  trains_NNS  \0etc_RR  )_)  illuminated_JJ  signs_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  not_XX  most_RG  effective_JJ  .  
  naturally_RR  when_CS one_MC1  first_RR  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  press_NN  advertising_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  conjures_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  space_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  dailies_NNS  or_CC  Sunday_NN1  papers_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  ,_,  whilst_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ideal_JJ  media_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessarily_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  effective_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  reaching_VBG  your_APP$  public_NN  .  
  with_IO  your_APP$  type_NN  of_IO  cliente*?3le_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  money_NN  which_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  available_JJ  for_IO  advertising_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  local_JJ  press_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  reaching_VBG  your_APP$  client_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  flavour_NN  or_CC  colour_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  local_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  remember_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  read_VBN  avidly_RR  for_IO  local_JJ  information_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  proved_VBN  by_IO  research_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  response_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  traders_NNS  that_CS  spaces_NNS  however_CS large_JJ  or_CC  small_JJ  certainly_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  required_JJ  pulling_JJ  power_NN  !_!  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  afford_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  small_JJ  spaces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  circulation_NN  local_JJ  magazines_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  church_NN  magazines_NNS  ,_,  local_JJ  shopping_NN  guides_NNS  \0etc_RR  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  readers_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  susceptible_JJ  to_IO  your_APP$  kind_NN  of_IO  advertising_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  which_WDTI  papers_NNS  and_CC  magazines_NNS  potential_JJ  customers_NNS  read_VV0    then_RL  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  advertising_NN  rates_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  economical_JJ  indeed_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  coverage_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  offer_VV0  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  costs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  major_JJ  counties_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  selected_VBN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  on_IO  page_NN  41_MC  these_DD2  are_VBR  listed_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  weekly_JJ  papers_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  area_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  overall_JB  average_JJ  costs_NNS  per_IO  single_JJ  column_NN  inch_NN  .  
  as_CS  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  these_DD2  are_VBR  extremely_RR  economical_JJ  .  
  when_CS to_TO  advertise_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  factor_NN  when_CS thinking_VBG  of_IO  advertising_VBG  .  
  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  holiday_NN  market_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  advisable_JJ  to_TO  plan_VV0  your_APP$  campaign_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  selling_VBG  inclusive_JJ  tours_NNS  or_CC  package_NN  holidays_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  in_IO  late_JJ  December_NN1  or_CC  during_IO  January_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  advisable_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  in_IO  reserve_NN  a_AT1  small_JJ  amount_NN  for_IO  advertising_NN  during_IO  March_NN1  /_CC  April_NN1  to_TO  catch_VV0  those_DD2  people_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  decide_VV0  where_CS or_CC  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  until_CS  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  or_CC  possibly_RR  are_VBR  wanting_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  budget_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  public_NN  are_VBR  thinking_VBG  of_IO  planning_VBG  their_APP$  forthcoming_JJ  annual_JJ  holiday_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  extremely_RR  wasteful_JJ  to_TO  spend_VV0  money_NN  on_IO  promoting_VBG  summer_NN  holidays_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  June_NN1  or_CC  July_NN1  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  industrial_JJ  area_NN  where_CS there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  top_JB  level_NN  executives_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  periods_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  wise_JJ  to_TO  promote_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  campaign_NN    selling_VBG    the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  away_RP  during_IO  late_JJ  autumn_NN  ,_,  finding_VBG  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  or_CC  travelling_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  winter_NN  skiing_NN  holiday_NN  .  
  this_DD1  campaign_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  best_RBT  planned_VBN  to_TO  commence_VV0  around_IO  late_JJ  August_NN1  or_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  writer_NN  feels_VBZ  that_CS  repetitive_JJ  small_JJ  spaces_NNS  are_VBR  better_RRR  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  name_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  putting_VBG  all_DB  your_APP$  eggs_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  basket_NN  by_IO  taking_VBG  say_VV0  a_AT1  half-page_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  spending_VBG  all_DB  your_APP$  money_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  large_JJ  effort_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  apparent_JJ  from_IO  these_DD2  remarks_NNS  that_CS  very_RG  careful_JJ  thought_NN  and_CC  planning_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  undertaken_VBN  before_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  any_DD  type_NN  of_IO  advertising_NN  .  
  quality_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  counts_VBZ  .  
  as_CS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  stated_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  space_NN  which_DDQ  dominates_VBZ  but_CCB  how_CS the_AT1  space_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  bought_VBN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  advantage_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  only_RR  afford_VV0  2_MC  \0in_NNU  single_JJ  columns_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  local_JJ  newspaper_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wise_JJ  only_RR  to_TO  promote_VV0  the_AT1  company_NN  name_NN  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  offered_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  style_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  format_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  small_JJ  spaces_NNS  such_IO  as_II  this_DD1  the_AT1    brand_NN  image_NN    is_VBZ  incorporated_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  felt_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  certain_JJ  times_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  offer_VV0  the_AT1  public_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  area_NN  a_AT1  special_JJ    package_NN    holiday_NN  to_IO  various_JJ  resorts_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  mean_VV0  taking_VBG  larger_JJ  spaces_NNS  to_TO  display_VV0  this_DD1  information_NN  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  display_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  illustrated_VBN  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1    brand_NN  image_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  is_VBZ  followed_VBN  through_RP  .  
  as_CS  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  name_NN  plate_NN  and_CC  border_NN  \0etc_RR  are_VBR  adhered_VBN  to_IO  ,_,  thus_RR  continuing_VBG  the_AT1  build-up_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  image_NN  .  
  creating_VBG  a_AT1  brand_NN  image_NN  .  
  to_TO  promote_VV0  your_APP$  company_NN  successfully_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wise_JJ  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  brand_NN  image_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  standardising_VBG  the_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  name_NN  either_LE  by_IO  creating_VBG  a_AT1  name_NN  block_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  name_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  Poly_NP  travel_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  adhering_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  standard_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  setting_VBG  the_AT1  company_NN  name_NN  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  throughout_II  on_IO  letterheads_NNS  ,_,  labels_NNS  \0etc_RR  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  border_NN  display_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  repetitively_RR  used_VBN  whenever_CS advertising_VBG  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  offered_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  in_IO  time_NN  become_VV0  immediately_RR  recognisable_JJ  as_CS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  your_APP$  company_NN  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  how_CS this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  sizes_NNS  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  layouts_NNS  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  .  
  the_AT1  basic_JJ  qualities_NNS  of_IO  personal_JJ  selling_NN  by_IO  Stuart_NP  Thomson_NP  .  
  successful_JJ  salesmanship_NN  largely_RR  depends_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  positive_JJ  attitude_NN  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  and_CC  pleasures_NNS  of_IO  travel_NN  are_VBR  being_VBG  creatively_RR  sold_VBN  or_CC    offered_VBN  for_IO  sale_NN    .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  functions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  difference_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  emphasised_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  series_NN  of_IO  articles_NNS  .  
  working_VBG  from_IO  ill-equipped_JJ  Dickensian_JJ  offices_NNS  or_CC  operating_VBG  from_IO  large_JJ  ,_,  plush_JJ  showrooms_NNS  of_IO  global_JJ  romance_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  ,_,  or_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  engaged_VBN  in_IO  selling_VBG  travel_NN  .  
  without_IO  any_DD  doubt_NN  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  pledged_VBN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  by_IO  their_APP$  mental_JJ  attitudes_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  ,_,  inertia_NN  and_CC  discontent_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  colleagues_NNS  have_VH0  destined_VBN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  quite_RR  contrasting_JJ  attitudes_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  fulfilment_NN  ,_,  happiness_NN  and_CC  success_NN  .  
  as_CS  each_DD1  year_NN  passes_VBZ  the_AT1  sum_NN  total_NN  of_IO  sales_NNS  promotional_JJ  activity_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  travel_NN  industry_NN  grows_VBZ  more_RG  weighty_JJ  and_CC  impressive_JJ  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  increased_JJ  display_NN  advertisement_NN  space_NN  booked_VBN  in_IO  newspapers_NNS  and_CC  magazines_NNS  ,_,  additional_JJ  use_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN  of_IO  television_NN  and_CC  commercial_JJ  radio_NN  .  
  add_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  such_DA  media_NNS  as_CS  posters_NNS  and_CC  direct_JJ  mail_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  quickly_RR  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  consumer_NN  public_NN  is_VBZ  increasingly_RR  well_RR  served_VBN  with_IO  information_NN  .  
  whilst_CS  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  intention_NN  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  publicity_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  to_TO  sell_VV0  travel_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  immediate_JJ  aim_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  foster_VV0  desire_NN  ,_,  create_VV0  awareness_NN  and_CC  stimulate_VV0  the_AT1  intention_NN  to_TO  act_VV0  .  
  through_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  means_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  varied_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  helps_VBZ  bring_VV0  the_AT1  public_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  place_NN  of_IO  travel_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  nothing_PN1  materialises_VBZ  ,_,  no_AT1  positive_JJ  action_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  orders_NNS  are_VBR  negotiated_VBN  ,_,  until_CS  the_AT1  prospective_JJ  purchaser_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  travel_NN  agency_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  transport_NN  organisation_NN  .  
  people_NNS  taking_VBG  charge_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  that_CS  people_NNS  become_VV0  involved_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  people_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  idiosyncratic_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  patterns_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  and_CC  thought_NN  processes_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS make_VV0  or_CC  mar_VV0  a_AT1  sale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  human_JJ  personality_NN  takes_VBZ  effect_NN  .  
  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  influence_VV0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  transaction_NN  .  
  whilst_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  publicity_NN  to_TO  promote_VV0  a_AT1  sale_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  inescapable_JJ  fact_NN  remains_VBZ  that_CS  promotion_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  and_CC  execution_NN  another_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  key_JB  factor_NN  in_IO  successful_JJ  selling_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  competence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sales_NNS  staff_NN  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  lack_VV0  zest_NN  ,_,  belief_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  mutilate_VV0  opportunities_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  sales_NNS  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  possess_VV0  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  belief_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  create_VV0  opportunities_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  accept_VV0  those_DD2  which_DDQ  are_VBR  presented_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  practises_NNS  and_CC  techniques_NNS  of_IO  selling_NN  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1    secrets_NNS    ,_,  no_AT1  hidden_JJ  mysteries_NNS  .  
  commerce_NN  has_VHZ  existed_VBN  for_IO  so_RG  many_DA  centuries_NNS  that_CS  all_DB  known_JJ  usages_NNS  and_CC  practises_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  record_NN  .  
  learning_VBG  techniques_NNS  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  deny_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  sales_NNS  personnel_NNS  to_TO  learn_VV0  and_CC  practise_VV0  all_DB  acceptable_JJ  techniques_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  applicable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  particular_JJ  product_NN  or_CC  service_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  almost_RR  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  painstakingly_RR  to_TO  learn_VV0  the_AT1  routines_NNS  of_IO  selling_NN  unless_CS  one_MC1  approaches_VBZ  this_DD1  stimulating_JJ  ,_,  rewarding_JJ  occupation_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  positive_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  beliefs_NNS  and_CC  attitudes_NNS  play_VV0  a_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  importance_NN  than_IO  techniques_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  learned_VBN  without_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  are_VBR  outstanding_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  noticeably_RR  good_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  salesmen_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  success_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  wrapped_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  mysticism_NN  ,_,  gift_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gab_NN  ,_,  unmitigated_JJ  toil_NN  ,_,  family_NN  influence_NN  ,_,  or_CC  selfish_JJ  desire_NN  for_IO  material_JJ  gain_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  pitifully_RR  comforting_JJ  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS fail_VV0  to_TO  attribute_VV0  the_AT1  sales_NNS  success_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  to_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  weird_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  quite_RR  petty_JJ  ,_,  reasons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  profitless_JJ  expenditure_NN  of_IO  nervous_JJ  energy_NN  .  
  all_DB  good_JJ  salesmen_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  possess_VV0  four_MC  attributes_NNS  without_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  succeed_VV0  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  sincere_JJ  and_CC  genuine_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  or_CC  service_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  market_VV0  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  consciously_RR  enjoy_VV0  their_APP$  work_NN    they_PPHS2  like_VV0  selling_VBG  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  most_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  they_PPHS2  believe_VV0  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  their_APP$  company_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  industry_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  doing_VBG  is_VBZ  the_AT1  right_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  doing_VBG  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  positively_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  of_IO  success_NN  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  failure_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  cast_VV0  out_RP  doubts_NNS  and_CC  defeatism_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  dwelling_VBG  on_IO  negative_JJ  corroding_JJ  thoughts_NNS  is_VBZ  destructive_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  numerous_JJ  other_DA  assets_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  required_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  successful_JJ  career_NN  in_IO  selling_NN  .  
  obviously_RR  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  sell_VV0  well_RR  without_IO  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  man_NN  or_CC  woman_NN  who_PNQS possesses_VBZ  the_AT1  four_MC  main_JB  characteristics_NNS  just_RR  listed_VBN  is_VBZ  ,_,  automatically_RR  ,_,  enthusiastic_JJ  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  that_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  destine_VV0  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  success_NN  whilst_CS  others_DA2  ensure_VV0  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  .  
  success_NN  in_IO  selling_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  simple_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  as_RG  complex_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  exercised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  automatic_JJ  polish_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS enjoys_VBZ  his_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  approaches_VBZ  it_PPH1  creatively_RR  will_VM  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  competency_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  professional_JJ  polish_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  automatically_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  learn_VV0  and_CC  progress_VV0  because_CS  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  like_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  believe_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  perpetually_RR  day-dreaming_VBG  and_CC  night-scheming_VBG  as_IO  to_II  how_CS to_TO  escape_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  doomed_VBN  to_IO  failure_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  existing_JJ  employment_NN  .  
  to_TO  sell_VV0  travel_NN    or_CC  anything_PN1  else_RR    successfully_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  want_VV0  and_CC  intend_VV0  to_TO  succeed_VV0  .  
  unaware_JJ  of_IO  resources_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  travel_NN  industry_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  alone_JJ  in_IO  utilising_VBG  the_AT1  services_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  sales_NNS  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  mediocre_JJ    that_DD1  word_NN  is_VBZ  high_JJ  praise_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1    and_CC  inefficient_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  potentialities_NNS  as_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  unappreciative_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  they_PPHS2  possess_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  service_NN  to_IO  others_DA2  .  
  in_IO  certain_JJ  of_IO  such_DA  instances_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfair_JJ  and_CC  unrealistic_JJ  to_TO  place_VV0  the_AT1  entire_JB  blame_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  importance_NN  of_IO  example_NN  .  
  an_AT1  employer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  proprietor_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  travel_NN  agency_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  criticize_VV0  members_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  staff_NN  for_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  absence_NN  of_IO  application_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  ,_,  personally_RR  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  set_VV0  an_AT1  example_NN  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  average_JJ  or_CC  poor_JJ  performers_NNS  could_VM  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  ,_,  be_VB0  much_RR  more_RG  successful_JJ  if_CS  only_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  a_AT1  lead_NN  by_IO  their_APP$  seniors_NNS  and_CC  assisted_VBN  with_IO  patience_NN  ,_,  understanding_NN  and_CC  fellow_JJ  feeling_NN  .  
  all_RR  too_RG  often_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  successful_JJ  selling_NN  primarily_RR  depends_VBZ  on_IO  liking_VBG  the_AT1  product_NN  or_CC  service_NN  ,_,  enjoying_VBG  selling_NN  ,_,  believing_VBG  sincerely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  of_IO  one's_$  work_VV0  and_CC  cultivating_VBG  a_AT1  successful_JJ  attitude_NN  to_IO  life_NN  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  understand_VV0  this_DD1  truth_NN  instinctively_RR  ,_,  whilst_CS  others_DA2  need_VV0  much_DA  guidance_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  develop_VV0  the_AT1  potentialities_NNS  that_PNQS lie_VV0  within_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  modern_JJ  sales_NNS  office_NN  technique_NN  .  
  most_DA  department_NN  and_CC  multiple_JJ  stores_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  and_CC  north_NN1  America_NP  spend_VV0  considerably_RR  on_IO  staff_NN  training_NN  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  sales_NNS  person_NN  passes_VBZ  through_RP  a_AT1  theoretical_JJ  course_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  apprenticeship_NN  .  
  better_JJ  crops_NNS  would_VM  enable_VV0  more_DA  stock_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  maintained_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  progressive_JJ  cycle_NN  of_IO  improvement_NN  would_VM  result_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  lies_VBZ  at_IO  an_AT1  altitude_NN  of_IO  around_RR  1,000_MC  \0ft_NNU  and_CC  forms_VBZ  a_AT1  rather_RR  narrow_JJ  strip_NN  from_IO  west_NN1  to_IO  east_NN1    high_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  and_CC  falling_VBG  through_RP  about_RR  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  its_APP$  length_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  burn_NN  which_DDQ  traverses_VBZ  the_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  east_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  burn_NN  the_AT1  land_NN  again_RR  rises_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  boundary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soil_NN  generally_RR  is_VBZ  a_AT1  medium_JB  loam_NN  ,_,  somewhat_RR  thin_JJ  and_CC  rocky_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  hilly_JJ  part_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  boundary_NN  and_CC  peaty_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  hollow_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  burn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soil_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  inherently_RR  infertile_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  entry_NN  the_AT1  farm_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  very_RG  poor_JJ  heart_NN  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  rental_NN  was_VBDZ  *+70_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  agreement_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  to_IO  *+100_NNU  when_CS the_AT1  existing_JJ  byre_NN  was_VBDZ  gutted_VBN  and_CC  made_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  covered_JJ  court_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  alteration_NN  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  steading_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  in_IO  such_DA  poor_JJ  condition_NN  the_AT1  first_MD  need_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  improve_VV0  the_AT1  grassland_NN  .  
  soil_NN  analyses_NNS  showed_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  land_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  low_JJ  in_IO  lime_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  major_JJ  nutrient_JJ  elements_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  winters_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  practically_RR  the_AT1  whole_JJ  farm_NN  was_VBDZ  limed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  two_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  ground_NN  limestone_NN  per_IO  acre_NN  .  
  such_DA  grassland_NN  as_CS  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  temporarily_RR  retained_VBN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  dressing_NN  of_IO  some_DD  7_MC  \0cwt_NNU  per_IO  acre_NN  of_IO  potassic_JJ  supers_NNS  supplemented_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  1-2_MC-MC  \0cwt_NNU    Nitro-Chalk_NP    in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  .  
  the_AT1  land_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  under_IO  green_JJ  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  re-seeded_VBN  direct_RR  and_CC  on_IO  all_DB  fields_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  oats_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  taken_VBN  the_AT1  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  undersown_VBN  with_IO  Italian_JJ  and_CC  perennial_JJ  ryegrass_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  object_NN  being_VBG  to_TO  supplement_VV0  the_AT1  grazing_NN  and_CC  provide_VV0  something_PN1  to_TO  plough_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  improve_VV0  the_AT1  organic_JJ  matter_NN  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soil_NN  .  
  cropping_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  that_CS  cropping_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  and_CC  at_IO  this_DD1  altitude_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  easy_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  winters_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  severe_JJ  ,_,  snow_NN  frequently_RR  persisting_VBG  into_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  late_JJ  spring_NN  frosts_NNS  are_VBR  common_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  holds_VBZ  up_RP  spring_NN  work_NN  badly_RR  and_CC  retards_VBZ  sowing_NN  while_CS  heavy_JJ  autumn_NN  rains_NNS  and_CC  early_JJ  frosts_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  snow_VV0  storms_NNS  make_VV0  harvesting_VBG  equally_RR  difficult_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tractor_NN  in_IO  enabling_VBG  more_RG  rapid_JJ  cultivations_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  carried_VBN  through_RP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  weather_NN  conditions_VBZ  permit_VV0  has_VHZ  undoubtedly_RR  helped_VBN  to_TO  overcome_VV0  these_DD2  hazards_NNS  .  
  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  over_RP  the_AT1  cropping_NN  system_NN  on_IO  Clashnoir_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  irregular_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  1949_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  worked_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  seven_MC  course_NN  rotation_NN  common_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  lea_NN  break_NN  of_IO  around_RR  17_MC  acres_NNS  the_AT1  cropping_NN  was_VBDZ  oats_NNS  ,_,  oats_NNS  ,_,  green_JJ  crop_NN  ,_,  oats_NNS  (_(  sown_VBN  down_RP  )_)  and_CC  hay_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  years'_NN2  grazing_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  primary_JJ  intention_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  base_VV0  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  on_IO  high_JJ  production_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  grassland_NN  for_IO  both_DB2  summer_NN  and_CC  winter_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  normal_JJ  root_NN  break_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  three_MC  acres_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  balance_NN  sown_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  one_MC1  year's_NN1$  special_JJ  mixture_NN  for_IO  cutting_NN  as_IO  silage_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  fertility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  improved_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  stocking_NN  stabilised_VBN  ,_,  some_DD  four_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  rape_NN  were_VBDR  regularly_RR  grown_VBN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  turnips_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  crop_NN  being_VBG  used_VBN  to_TO  finish_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  lambs_NNS  before_IO  marketing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  special_JJ  one_MC1  year's_NN1$  mixture_NN  grown_VBN  for_IO  silage_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  usual_JJ  perennial_JJ  ,_,  Italian_JJ  and_CC  red_JJ  clover_NN  mixture_NN  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  grass_NN  seeds_NNS  mixtures_NNS  sown_VBN  were_VBDR  also_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  College_NNL1  experience_NN  using_VBG  combinations_NNS  of_IO  early_JJ  and_CC  late_JJ  maturing_JJ  strains_NNS  of_IO  ryegrass_NN  and_CC  cocksfoot_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  continuity_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  for_IO  as_RG  long_JJ  a_AT1  grazing_NN  season_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  grazing_NN  ,_,  use_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  electric_JJ  fence_NN  and_CC  surplus_NN  grass_NN  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  for_IO  silage_NN  ;_;  about_RR  one_MC1  hundred_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  silage_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  annually_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  pit_NN  silo_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  oats_NNS  grown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  were_VBDR  consumed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  the_AT1  farm_NN  improved_VVD  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  sold_VBN  ,_,  frequently_RR  for_IO  seed_NN  purposes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  straw_NN  produced_VBN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  welcome_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  stock_NN  increased_VVD  .  
  manuring_NN  .  
  while_CS  high_JJ  production_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  grassland_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  primary_JJ  aim_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  land_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  exploited_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  balanced_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  manuring_NN  was_VBDZ  practised_VBN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  liming_NN  a_AT1  dressing_NN  of_IO  two_MC  tons_NNS  ground_JJ  limestone_NN  per_IO  acre_NN  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  field_NN  once_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rotation_NN  .  
  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  oat_NN  crops_NNS  latterly_RR  received_VVD  applications_NNS  of_IO  3-4_MC-MC  \0cwt_NNU  of_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  concentrated_JJ  fertiliser_NN  combine-drilled_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  turnip_NN  crop_NN  8-10_MC-MC  \0cwt_NNU  of_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  turnip_NN  manure_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  dung_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  years_NNS  when_CS fertility_NN  was_VBDZ  low_JJ  the_AT1  dressings_NNS  were_VBDR  correspondingly_RR  heavier_JJ  .  
  when_CS available_JJ  ,_,  basic_JJ  slag_NN  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  at_IO  10_MC  \0cwt_NNU  per_IO  acre_NN  to_IO  land_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  sown_VBN  down_RP  ,_,  after_IO  harvesting_VBG  the_AT1  nurse_NN  crop_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dearth_NN  of_IO  farmyard_NN  manure_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  years_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ample_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  turnip_NN  land_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  root_NN  break_NN  a_AT1  regular_JJ  and_CC  adequate_JJ  dressing_NN  .  
  again_RR  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  age_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  purpose_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN    whether_CS  for_IO  hay_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  cut_VBN  for_IO  silage_NN  or_CC  grazed_VBN    the_AT1  grassland_NN  was_VBDZ  regularly_RR  treated_VBN  with_IO  2-3_MC-MC  \0cwt_NNU  potassic_JJ  supers_NNS  supplemented_VBN  with_IO  1-1_MC-MC  1/2_MC  \0cwt_NNU    Nitro-Chalk_NP    or_CC  with_IO  3-4_MC-MC  \0cwt_NNU  of_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  nitrogen_NN  fertiliser_NN  .  
  stocking_NN  .  
  at_IO  ingoing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  stock_NN  consisted_VBN  of_IO  twelve_MC  breeding_NN  cows_NNS  and_CC  calves_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  170_MC  Blackface_NP  ewes_NNS  were_VBDR  kept_VBN  between_IO  Clashnoir_NP  and_CC  Thain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  stock_NN  was_VBDZ  transferred_VBN  to_IO  Deskie_NP  and_CC  in_IO  1949_MC  ,_,  21_MC  pure_JJ  bred_JJ  Aberdeen-Angus_NP  in-calf_JB  heifers_NNS  were_VBDR  purchased_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  market_NN  at_IO  commercial_JJ  prices_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  anticipated_VBN  that_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  manuring_NN  undertaken_VBN  the_AT1  farm_NN  could_VM  carry_VV0  this_DD1  number_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  proposed_VBN  to_TO  breed_VV0  cross_JJ  calves_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  suckled_VBN  and_CC  sold_VBN  off_IO  their_APP$  mothers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .  
  using_VBG  a_AT1  white_JJ  Shorthorn_NP  bull_NN  this_DD1  became_VVD  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  the_AT1  practice_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  fertility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  improved_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cattle_NNS  carried_VBN  was_VBDZ  increased_VBN  until_CS  latterly_RR  the_AT1  herd_NN  numbered_VBN  around_RR  thirty_MC  .  
  this_DD1  number_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  increased_VBN  further_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  accommodation_NN  for_IO  handling_VBG  them_PPHO1  during_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  limiting_JJ  factor_NN  .  
  with_IO  good_JJ  foundation_NN  breeding_NN  stock_NN  and_CC  using_VBG  good_JJ  class_NN  bulls_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  stock_NN  sold_VBN  from_IO  Clashnoir_NP  soon_RR  became_VVD  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  commanded_VVD  very_RG  creditable_JJ  prices_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  while_CS  several_DA  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  purchasers_NNS  and_CC  gained_VVD  awards_NNS  at_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  Edinburgh_NP  fat_NN  stock_NN  show_NN  and_CC  at_IO  Smithfield_NP  .  
  early_JJ  calves_NNS  were_VBDR  regularly_RR  sold_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  sales_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  odd_JJ  late_JJ  calves_NNS  were_VBDR  kept_VBN  over_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  winter_NN  and_CC  sold_VBN  as_CS  convenient_JJ  the_AT1  following_JJ  spring_NN  or_CC  later_RRR  as_IO  six-quarter_JB  cattle_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  herd_NN  became_VVD  attested_JJ  in_IO  1952_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  normal_JJ  hazards_NNS  of_IO  farming_VBG  were_VBDR  encountered_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  odd_JJ  calf_NN  (_(  and_CC  cow_NN  )_)  were_VBDR  lost_VBN  as_CS  on_IO  any_DD  other_DA  farm_NN  .  
  in_IO  1954_MC  when_CS the_AT1  stock_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  further_RRR  increased_VBN  some_DD  heifers_NNS  were_VBDR  purchased_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  spring_NN  ten_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  aborted_VVD  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  prompt_JJ  precautions_NNS  being_VBG  taken_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  further_JB  losses_NNS  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  cattle_NNS  stock_NN  was_VBDZ  increased_VBN  so_RG  markedly_RR  in_IO  1949_MC  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  reduction_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sheep_NN  stock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  breeding_NN  flock_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  30_MC  ewes_NNS  and_CC  remained_VVD  at_IO  this_DD1  figure_NN  until_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1953_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  felt_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  .  
  forty_MC  ewes_NNS  were_VBDR  kept_VBN  and_CC  twenty_MC  gimmers_NNS  purchased_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  around_RR  sixty_MC  breeding_NN  sheep_NNS  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  thereafter_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  replaced_VBN  one-third_RR  annually_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  score_NN  of_IO  Blackface_NP  gimmers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ewes_NNS  were_VBDR  crossed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Border_NP  Leicester_NP  tup_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lambs_NNS  and_CC  cast_JJ  ewes_NNS  sold_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  sales_NNS  .  
  for_IO  disease_NN  prevention_NN  the_AT1  lambs_NNS  were_VBDR  regularly_RR  treated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  double_JJ  vaccine_NN  for_IO  lamb_NN  dysentery_NN  and_CC  pulpy_JJ  kidney_NN  within_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  of_IO  birth_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  stock_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  enclosed_JJ  area_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  treatment_NN  regularly_RR  practised_VBN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  dosing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ewes_NNS  with_IO  phenothiazine_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  and_CC  both_DB2  ewes_NNS  and_CC  lambs_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  sales_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  livestock_NN  maintained_VBN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  flock_NN  of_IO  some_DD  200_MC  poultry_NN  kept_VBN  on_IO  semi-intensive_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  breeding_NN  was_VBDZ  undertaken_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  stock_NN  being_VBG  kept_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  100_MC  three-month-old_JB  pullets_NNS  each_DD1  spring_NN  .  
  eggs_NNS  were_VBDR  disposed_VBN  of_IO  through_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  packing_NN  station_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  culls_NNS  and_CC  old_JJ  hens_NNS  sold_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  butcher_NN  .  
  while_CS  this_DD1  general_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  farm_NN  was_VBDZ  run_VBN  will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  farmer_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  economic_JJ  aspect_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  experiment_NN  was_VBDZ  undertaken_VBN  to_TO  test_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  aspect_NN  is_VBZ  treated_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  section_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  considering_VBG  it_PPH1  three_MC  points_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  borne_VBN  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  viewed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  not_XX  strictly_RR  in_IO  individual_JJ  financial_JJ  years_NNS  because_CS  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  livestock_NN  and_CC  crops_NNS  extends_VBZ  over_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  financial_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  profits_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  year_NN  are_VBR  at_RR  least_RR  partly_RR  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  farming_NN  operations_NNS  of_IO  previous_JJ  seasons_NNS  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  subsidies_NNS  credited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  accounts_NNS  were_VBDR  only_RR  those_DD2  to_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  farm_NN  tenant_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  entitled_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  all_DB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  capital_NN  was_VBDZ  available_JJ  for_IO  expansion_NN  as_CS  required_VBN  .  
  improvements_NNS  on_IO  similar_JJ  farms_NNS  would_VM  depend_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  urge_NN  to_TO  expand_VV0  being_VBG  present_JJ  but_CCB  also_RR  on_IO  credit_NN  facilities_NNS  being_VBG  available_JJ  and_CC  on_IO  farmers_NNS  being_VBG  willing_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  facilities_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  later_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  show_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  extra_JJ  capital_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  finance_VV0  the_AT1  improvements_NNS  of_IO  Clashnoir_NP  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  excessive_JJ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  profits_NNS  which_DDQ  ensued_VVD  .  
  3_MC  .  production_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  steady_JJ  upward_JB  trend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  output_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  ,_,  table_NN  4_MC  ,_,  figures_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  of_IO  net_JB  output_NN  per_IO  acre_NN  which_DDQ  rose_VVD  from_IO  *+10_NNU  8_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  1949/50_MC  to_IO  *+19_NNU  2_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  1954/55_MC  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  set-back_NN  in_IO  1955/56_MC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  further_JB  rise_NN  to_IO  *+19_NNU  6_MC  \0s_NNU  in_IO  1956/57_MC  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  breeding_NN  herds_NNS  and_CC  laying_NN  flocks_NNS  were_VBDR  established_VBN  ,_,  about_IO  1950/51_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  output_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  greatly_RR  change_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  enterprise_NN  generally_RR  accounted_VVD  for_IO  around_RR  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  output_NN  ,_,  sheep_NNS  and_CC  wool_NN  for_IO  about_RR  one-sixth_MC  ,_,  crop_NN  sales_NNS  for_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  and_CC  eggs_NNS  for_IO  about_RR  one-seventh_MC  .  
  rising_JJ  prices_NNS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  played_VVD  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  doubling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  output_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  and_CC  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  production_NN  was_VBDZ  less_RG  marked_JJ  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  nevertheless_RR  quite_RR  significant_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  for_IO  sheep_NNS  ,_,  wool_NN  and_CC  eggs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  as_IO  weaned_JJ  calves_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  realised_VVD  very_RG  satisfactory_JJ  prices_NNS  which_DDQ  generally_RR  averaged_VVD  over_RR  *+40_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  1955/56_MC  (_(  appendix_NN  ,_,  table_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  reflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  quality_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  reputation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  breeding_NN  cattle_NNS  stock_NN  .  
  a_AT1  calving_NN  rate_NN  of_IO  about_RR  95_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  was_VBDZ  maintained_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  nine_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1955_MC  season_NN  when_CS ,_,  following_IO  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  contagious_JJ  abortion_NN  ,_,  fewer_DA  than_IO  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  cows_NNS  calved_VVD  successfully_RR  .  
  the_AT1  increased_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  ewes_NNS  carried_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  from_IO  1952_MC  onwards_RR  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  an_AT1  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lambing_NN  rate_NN  from_IO  about_RR  130_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  to_IO  about_RR  145_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  latterly_RR  ,_,  led_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  50_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  numbers_NNS  of_IO  lambs_NNS  sold_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  prices_NNS  realised_VBN  for_IO  these_DD2  lambs_NNS  were_VBDR  generally_RR  rather_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  market_NN  levels_NNS  for_IO  Greyfaces_NP2  (_(  appendix_NN  ,_,  table_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  laying_NN  flock_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  significant_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  output_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  poultry_NN  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  subsidiary_JJ  enterprise_NN  ;_;  many_DA  farms_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  Clashnoir_NP  in_IO  other_DA  respects_NNS  carried_VVD  much_RR  larger_JJ  poultry_NN  enterprises_NNS  .  
  once_CS  the_AT1  poultry_NN  flock_NN  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  ,_,  egg_NN  sales_NNS  averaged_VVD  about_RR  2,000_MC  dozens_MC2  annually_RR  though_CS  with_IO  some_DD  variation_NN  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  represented_VVD  an_AT1  annual_JJ  yield_NN  ,_,  after_IO  allowing_VBG  for_IO  some_DD  eggs_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  ,_,  of_IO  about_RR  180_MC  eggs_NNS  per_IO  laying_NN  bird_NN  .  
  crop_NN  sales_NNS  consisted_VVD  almost_RR  entirely_RR  of_IO  oats_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  most_DA  years_NNS  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  sold_VBN  for_IO  seed_NN  at_IO  attractive_JJ  prices_NNS  (_(  appendix_NN  ,_,  table_NN  6_MC  )_)  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  improvement_NN  in_IO  fertility_NN  ,_,  increased_JJ  yields_NNS  per_IO  acre_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  and_CC  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  surplus_NN  of_IO  oats_NNS  for_IO  sale_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  consumption_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  also_RR  rose_VVD  .  
  thought_NN  for_IO  food_NN  .  
  by_IO  .  
  Anthony_NP  Lisle_NP  .  
  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  recently_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  institute_NN  for_IO  research_NN  in_IO  dairying_NN  ,_,  Shinfield_NP  ,_,  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  optimum_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  restricted_JJ  feeding_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  production_NN  of_IO  baconers_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  strains_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Shinfield_NP  pig_NN  unit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  ration_NN  in_IO  use_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  6_MC  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  a_AT1  head_NN  daily_RR  gave_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  an_AT1  identical_JJ  trial_NN  on_IO  another_DD1  farm_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  diet_NN  on_IO  pigs_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  breeding_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  feed_VV0  much_RR  above_IO  5_MC  \0lb_NNU  a_AT1  day_NN  without_IO  lowering_VBG  the_AT1  grading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carcasses_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  difficulty_NN  commercial_JJ  bacon_NN  producers_NNS  are_VBR  up_RP  against_IO  in_IO  feeding_VBG  for_IO  economic_JJ  growth_NN  and_CC  top_JB  grading_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  shows_VBZ  why_CS scientists_NNS  can_VM  do_VD0  little_DA  to_TO  help_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  field_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  sound_JJ  practice_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  farm_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  economically_RR  disastrous_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  .  
  producers_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  their_APP$  own_DA  trials_NNS  to_TO  discover_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  feed_VV0  their_APP$  pigs_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  particular_JJ  environment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  accurate_JJ  trial_NN  work_NN  and_CC  keep_VV0  detailed_JJ  records_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  busy_JJ  ,_,  practical_JJ  farm_NN  where_CS labour_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  being_VBG  used_VBN  at_IO  full_JJ  stretch_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  vitally_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  economic_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  feed_VV0  baconers_NNS  .  
  adopting_VBG  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  feeding_NN  restriction_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  experience_NN  will_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  pigs_NNS  are_VBR  fed_VBN  less_DA  than_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  taking_VBG  before_II  reaching_VBG  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  downgrading_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  take_VV0  an_AT1  unnecessarily_RR  long_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  bacon_NN  weight_NN  and_CC  throughput_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  slowed_VBN  down_RP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  daily_JJ  ration_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  large_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  pigs_NNS  will_VM  grow_VV0  rapidly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  grading_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  margin_NN  between_IO  underfeeding_NN  and_CC  overfeeding_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  narrow_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  trial_NN  and_CC  error_NN  from_IO  farm_NN  to_IO  farm_NN  .  
  closely_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  the_AT1  best_JJT  stage_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  restricted_JJ  feeding_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  ,_,  most_DA  producers_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  set_JJ  age_NN  or_CC  weight_NN  without_IO  first_RR  endeavouring_VBG  to_TO  establish_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  time_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  change_NN  .  
  changing_VBG  from_IO  ad_JJ  \0lib_JJ"  to_IO  restricted_JJ  feeding_NN  when_CS the_AT1  pigs_NNS  are_VBR  100_MC  \0lb_NNU  liveweight_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  is_VBZ  ,_,  too_RG  soon_RR  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  feed_VV0  to_IO  appetite_NN  until_IO  140_MC  \0lb_NNU  they_PPHS2  will_VM  reach_VV0  bacon_NN  weight_NN  10_MC  to_IO  12_MC  days_NNS  earlier_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Braude_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS runs_VBZ  the_AT1  Shinfield_NP  pig_NN  unit_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  feed_VV0  young_JJ  pigs_NNS  ad_RR  \0lib_RR  until_CS  they_PPHS2  reach_VV0  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  daily_JJ  intake_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  to_TO  restrict_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  ration_VV0  them_PPHO1  at_IO  that_DD1  level_NN  .  
  his_APP$  experience_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  pigs_NNS  reach_VV0  a_AT1  daily_JJ  feed_NN  intake_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  restriction_NN  level_NN  and_CC  then_RL  drop_VV0  them_PPHO1  down_RP  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  leads_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  growth_NN  setback_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  universal_JJ  practice_NN  among_IO  bacon_NN  producers_NNS  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  two-ration_JB  feeding_NN  pattern_NN  .  
  sow-and-weaner_JB  meal_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  until_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  stage_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  cheaper_JJ  ,_,  low-protein_JB  diet_NN  is_VBZ  introduced_VBN  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  question_NN  arises_VBZ  :_:  when_CS should_VM  the_AT1  change_NN  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Braude_NP  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  decisions_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pigs_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  known_JJ  grading_NN  ability_NN  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  tend_VV0  to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  fat_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  pay_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  richer_JJ  diet_NN  up_RP  to_IO  120_MC  to_IO  140_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  lean_JJ  and_CC  from_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  grading_NN  strain_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cheaper_JJ  ration_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  between_IO  100_MC  and_CC  120_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  he_PPHO1  emphasises_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  these_DD2  figures_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  guides_NNS  :_:  every_AT1  producer_NN  must_VM  find_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  himself_PPX1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  stage_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  change_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  pigs_NNS  ,_,  type_NN  of_IO  ration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  environment_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  growing_JJ  school_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  today_NN1  which_DDQ  wonders_VBZ  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  advantage_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  feeding_NN  change_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  felt_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  continued_JJ  feeding_NN  of_IO  sow-and-weaner_JB  meal_NN  through_RP  to_IO  slaughter_NN  may_VM  improve_VV0  grading_NN  ,_,  speed_VV0  throughput_NN  and_CC  lower_VV0  feed_NN  conversion_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  extent_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  more_RR  than_RR  offset_VV0  the_AT1  extra_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ration_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  advantages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  ration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  piggery_NN  speeds_VBZ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  feeding_NN  and_CC  simplifies_VBZ  milling_NN  and_CC  mixing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  ensures_VBZ  against_IO  any_DD  possible_JJ  growth_NN  check_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  occur_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  change_NN  over_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  finishing_NN  diet_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  too_RG  early_RR  .  
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  economic_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  will_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  to_TO  note_VV0  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  comparative_JJ  experiment_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Norfolk_NP  School_NNL1  of_IO  agriculture_NN  :_:  
  these_DD2  figures_NNS  show_VV0  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  grading_NN  improvement_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  premium_NN  payments_NNS  for_IO  length_NN  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  attributable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  feeding_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  baconers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  single_JJ  ration_NN  reached_VVD  their_APP$  slaughter_NN  weight_NN  five_MC  days_NNS  earlier_RRR  in_IO  summer_NN  and_CC  10_MC  days_NNS  earlier_RRR  in_IO  winter_NN  than_IO  pigs_NNS  on_IO  two-stage_JB  feeding_NN  .  
  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  hard_JJ  cash_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  calculated_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  in_RP  *+20_NNU  to_IO  *+25_NNU  more_DA  profit_NN  from_IO  every_AT1  hundred_MC  baconers_NNS  sold_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  taking_VBG  into_IO  consideration_NN  the_AT1  streamlining_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  simplification_NN  of_IO  mixing_NN  and_CC  storage_NN  .  
  this_DD1  illustrates_VBZ  how_CS wrong_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  attach_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  feeding_NN  value_NN  which_DDQ  counts_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  food_NN  costing_VBG  *+30_NNU  a_AT1  ton_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  dearer_JJ  to_TO  buy_VV0  than_CS  one_MC1  at_IO  *+28_NNU  a_AT1  ton_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  cheaper_JJ  to_TO  feed_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  diet_NN  is_VBZ  *+2_NNU  a_AT1  ton_NN  more_RG  expensive_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  higher_JJ  nutrient_JJ  value_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  use_NN  improves_VBZ  the_AT1  feed_NN  conversion_NN  rate_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  baconer_NN  from_IO  3.5_MC  to_IO  3.2_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  feeding_VBG  that_DD1  baconer_NN  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  by_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  1_MC1  \0d_NNU  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  trials_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  to_TO  determine_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  method_NN  for_IO  feeding_VBG  bacon_NN  pigs_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  evaluated_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  feed_NN  conversion_NN  ratios_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  official_JJ  progeny_NN  tests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  measure_NN  of_IO  efficiency_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  food_NN  cost_NN  per_IO  pound_NN  of_IO  liveweight_NN  gain_NN  related_VBN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  grading_NN  results_NNS  obtained_VBN  .  
  1,050_MC  \0galls_NNU2  a_AT1  cow_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  hungry_JJ  soil_NN  .  
  by_IO  Philip_NP  Bolam_NP  .  
  simplicity_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  hallmark_NN  of_IO  David_NP  Stevens'_PPIO2  farming_NN  at_IO  Lechlade_NP  ,_,  Gloucester_NP  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  is_VBZ  geared_VBN  to_IO  low-cost_JB  milk_NN  production_NN  from_IO  over_RR  100_MC  Friesian_JJ  cows_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  maximum_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  grass_NN  ,_,  on_IO  260_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  Thames_NP  gravel_NN  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  soil_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  tempted_VBN  many_DA  farmers_NNS  to_TO  escape_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  cow's_NN1$  tail_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  seven-day_JB  week_NN    perhaps_RR  to_TO  adopt_VV0  some_DD  intensive_JJ  arable_JJ  cropping_NN  along_IO  with_II  fat_JJ  lamb_NN  production_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stevens_NP  feels_VBZ  there_EX  are_VBR  advantages_NNS  in_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  specialist_NN  .  
  getting_VBG  the_AT1  most_DA  out_RP  of_IO  well-manured_JJ  grassland_NN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  with_IO  new_JJ  techniques_NNS  and_CC  managing_VBG  a_AT1  large_JJ  dairy_NN  herd_NN  profitably_RR  is_VBZ  a_AT1  skilled_JJ  occupation_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  profusion_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  stations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  farming_NN  press_NN  .  
  the_AT1  herd_NN  is_VBZ  milked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  six-stall_JB  six-unit_JB  Hosier_NP  bail_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  summer_NN  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  round_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  fields_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  winter_NN  stands_NNS  on_IO  concrete_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  loose_JJ  housing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  self-feed_JB  silage_NN  clamps_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  bail_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  an_AT1  electric_JJ  fence_NN  forms_VBZ  a_AT1  collecting_JJ  pen_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  simple_JJ    electric_JJ  dog_NN    speeds_VBZ  milking_NN  when_CS concentrate_NN  feeding_NN  is_VBZ  low_JJ  .  
  many_DA  dairy_NN  farmers_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  situation_NN  are_VBR  content_JJ  with_IO  moderate_JJ  yields_NNS  ,_,  relying_VBG  on_IO  low_JJ  costs_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  margin_NN  of_IO  profit_NN  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stevens'_PPIO2  had_VHD  a_AT1  true_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  1,050_MC  gallons_NNS  per_IO  cow_NN  consuming_VBG  1.9_MC  \0lb_NNU  cereal_NN  and_CC  concentrates_NNS  for_IO  each_DD1  gallon_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  produced_VBN  .  
  gross_JJ  sales_NNS  per_IO  man_NN  now_RL  stand_VV0  at_IO  *+5,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  force_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  two_MC  cowmen_NNS  on_IO  contract_NN  who_PNQS also_RR  tend_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  replacement_NN  stock_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  tractor_NN  driver_NN  who_PNQS acts_VBZ  as_IO  relief_NN  milker_NN  .  
  critics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  herd_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  halved_VBN  and_CC  milked_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  separate_JJ  six-stall_JB  three-unit_JB  bails_NNS  with_IO  one_MC1  cowman_NN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  each_DD1  .  
  while_CS  partly_RR  agreeing_VBG  with_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stevens_NP  argues_VBZ  that_CS  managerial_JJ  decisions_NNS  would_VM  increase_VV0  with_IO  twice_RR  the_AT1  milking_JJ  machinery_NN  and_CC  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  grazing_VBG  to_TO  arrange_VV0  ,_,  without_IO  much_DA  financial_JJ  advantage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  concentrates_NNS  are_VBR  cubed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  cows_NNS  learn_VV0  to_TO  eat_VV0  quickly_RR    after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  masticate_VV0  food_NN  at_IO  leisure_NN  .  
  rolled_JJ  barley_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  to_TO  balance_VV0  grass_NN  or_CC  silage_NN  .  
  space_NN  was_VBDZ  short_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  bail_NN  ,_,  so_CS  in-churn_JB  milking_NN  was_VBDZ  discarded_VBN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  pipeline_NN  which_DDQ  carries_VBZ  the_AT1  milk_NN  to_IO  churns_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  .  
  a_AT1  quick_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  washing_VBG  up_RP  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  immersion_NN  cleaning_NN  technique_NN  developed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0NIRD_NP  ,_,  using_VBG  a_AT1  3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  caustic_JJ  soda_NN  solution_NN  .  
  no_AT1  daily_JJ  dismantling_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  caustic_JJ  soda_NN  ,_,  stored_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  twenty-gallon_JB  container_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bail_NN  loft_NN  ,_,  flows_VBZ  by_IO  gravity_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  milking_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  teat-cups_NNS  are_VBR  inverted_VBN  in_IO  racks_NNS  and_CC  each_DD1  set_NN  is_VBZ  filled_VBN  in_IO  turn_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  milkline_NN  .  
  odd_JJ  pipes_NNS  and_CC  utensils_NNS  are_VBR  soaked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  container_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solution_NN  is_VBZ  sucked_VBN  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  storage_NN  tank_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  milking_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rinse_NN  with_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  converting_VBG  to_IO  this_DD1  system_NN  is_VBZ  low_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  running_JJ  expense_NN  is_VBZ  10_MC  \0s_NNU  worth_NN  of_IO  caustic_JJ  soda_NN  and_CC  water_NN  softener_NN  each_DD1  month_NN  .  
  the_AT1  grazing_NN  and_CC  silage-making_NN  programme_NN  revolves_VBZ  round_IO  Italian_JJ  ryegrass_NN  ,_,  kale_NN  for_IO  autumn_NN  grazing_NN  and_CC  timothy-meadow_JB  fescue-white_JJ  clover_NN  leys_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  an_AT1  acreage_NN  of_IO  permanent_JJ  grass_NN  .  
  no_AT1  grass_NN  is_VBZ  conserved_VBN  as_IO  hay_NN  .  
  leys_NNS  are_VBR  ploughed_VBN  for_IO  Italian_JJ  ryegrass_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  its_APP$  second_MD  summer_NN  is_VBZ  heavily_RR  coated_VBN  with_IO  farmyard_NN  manure_NN  and_CC  ploughed_VBN  for_IO  kale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leys_NNS  are_VBR  reseeded_VBN  direct_RR  the_AT1  following_JJ  spring_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hungry_JJ  soil_NN  and_CC  fertilisers_NNS  cost_VV0  *+8_NNU  an_AT1  acre_NN  .  
  only_RR  two_MC  types_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN    nitrogen_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  concentrated_JJ  compound_NN  .  
  recording_VBG  the_AT1  treatment_NN  and_CC  output_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  grass_NN  field_NN  was_VBDZ  started_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  programme_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  modified_VBN  when_CS sufficient_JJ  information_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accumulated_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  hedges_NNS  or_CC  walls_NNS  .  
  most_DA  fields_NNS  are_VBR  about_RR  10_MC  acres_NNS  ,_,  separated_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  strands_NNS  of_IO  barbed_JJ  wire_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  now_RL  being_VBG  replaced_VBN  by_IO  sprung_JJ  fencing_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  electrified_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  tensile_JJ  wire_NN  with_IO  posts_NNS  every_AT1  50_MC  yards_NNS  .  
  strip_NN  grazing_NN  with_IO  back_JB  fences_NNS  is_VBZ  preferred_VBN  to_IO  paddock_NN  grazing_NN  .  
  cows_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  two_MC  fresh_JJ  feeds_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  in_IO  two_MC  different_JJ  fields_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_DA  grass_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  eat_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  more_DA  milk_NN  they_PPHS2  give_VV0  .  
  any_DD  grass_NN  left_VBN  uneaten_JJ  is_VBZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  cut_VBN  for_IO  silage_NN  .  
  herd_NN  health_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  with_IO  culling_NN  at_IO  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  milk_NN  fever_NN  and_CC  hypo-magnesaemia_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  common_JJ  but_CCB  foul-in-the-foot_NN  and_CC  arthritis_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  troublesome_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  phosphorous_JJ  deficiency_NN  was_VBDZ  noticed_VBN  recently_RR  and_CC  now_RL  a_AT1  high_JJ  phosphorous_JJ  supplement_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  .  
  the_AT1  covered_JJ  yards_NNS  built_VBN  eight_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  open_JJ  self-feed_JB  silage_NN  clamps_VBZ  cost_VV0  about_RR  *+50_NNU  a_AT1  cow_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  clamps_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  covered_JJ  yard_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  hold_NN  375_MC  tons_NNS  and_CC  provide_VV0  a_AT1  total_JJ  feeding_NN  face_NN  of_IO  64_MC  \0ft_NNU  .  
  walls_NNS  of_IO  railway_NN  sleepers_NNS  assist_VV0  filling_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  silage_NN  has_VHZ  settled_VBN  the_AT1  top_JB  sleepers_NNS  are_VBR  removed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  clamps_NNS  covered_VBN  with_IO  thin_JJ  polythene_NN  sheeting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  concrete_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  loose_JJ  housing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  silos_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  kept_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  minimum_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  slurry_NN  disposal_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  as_CS  buildings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  land_NN  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  muck_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  silo_NN  face_NN  and_CC  concrete_JJ  yard_NN  is_VBZ  collected_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  adapted_JJ  buckrake_NN  and_CC  pushed_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  concrete_JJ  ramp_NN  by_IO  reversing_VBG  the_AT1  tractor_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  lies_VBZ  untouched_JJ  till_IO  midsummer_NN  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  time_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  solid_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  handled_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  muck_NN  loader_NN  .  
  lying_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  rainfall_NN  area_NN  ,_,  spring_NN  reseeding_NN  and_CC  summer_NN  kale_NN  sowings_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  a_AT1  risk_NN  .  
  in_IO  1959_MC  irrigation_NN  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  and_CC  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  3_MC  1/2_MC  acres_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  of_IO  rain_NN    although_CS  moving_VBG  the_AT1  pipes_NNS  makes_VBZ  heavy_JJ  demands_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  force_NN  .  
  like_IO  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stevens_NP  feels_VBZ  his_APP$  farming_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  geared_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  sterner_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  answers_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  returns_VBZ  from_IO  his_APP$  visit_NN  to_IO  New_NP  Zealand_NP  .  
  fine_JJ  crops_NNS  from_IO  small_JJ  farms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  most_RG  powerful_JJ  impressions_NNS  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  on_IO  my_APP$  recent_JJ  tour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  countryside_NN    in_RR  particular_RR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ    agricultural_JJ  trouble_NN  spots_NNS      were_VBDR  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  farm_NN  labourers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  farmers_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  ,_,  under_IO  35_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ;_;  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  high_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  crop_NN  husbandry_NN  ;_;  and_CC  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  small_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  most_DA  farming_NN  units_NNS  ,_,  herds_NNS  and_CC  flocks_NNS  .  
  farmers'_NN2  ordinary_JJ  .  
  by_IO  Ralph_NP  Whitlock_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  minding_VBG  its_APP$  own_DA  business_NN  .  
  many_DA  farmers_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  reserving_VBG  judgment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  seeds_NNS  company_NN  ,_,  \0N.F.U_NP  seeds_NNS  industries_NNS  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  says_VBZ  the_AT1  national_JJ  farmers'_NN2  union_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  private_JJ  company_NN  .  
  one_MC1  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  250,000_MC  *+1_NNU  shares_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  merchants_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  half_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  development_NN  company_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  layman_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  uncommonly_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  entering_VBG  another_DD1  business_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO    vertical_JJ  integration_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  first_MD  cousin_NN  to_IO    take-over_NN  .    
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  affair_NN  is_VBZ  puzzling_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  aims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  company_NN  are_VBR  described_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  :_:  
  to_TO  develop_VV0  production_NN  and_CC  promote_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  quality_NN  strains_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  grown_JJ  and_CC  bred_JJ  herbage_NN  seeds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  efficient_JJ  grassland_NN  management_NN  .  
  to_TO  assist_VV0  British_JJ  merchants_NNS  and_CC  farmers_NNS  by_IO  providing_VBG  a_AT1  consistent_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  mixtures_NNS  for_IO  specified_JJ  purposes_NNS  chosen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  technical_JJ  advice_NN  .  
  to_TO  provide_VV0  for_IO  farmers_NNS  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  brand_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  guarantee_NN  of_IO  authenticity_NN  and_CC  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  used_VBN  .  
  to_TO  provide_VV0  for_IO  improved_JJ  buying_NN  ,_,  cleaning_NN  ,_,  processing_NN  ,_,  packing_NN  and_CC  distribution_NN  facilities_NNS  to_IO  consumers_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  abroad_RR  .  
  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  stock_NN  carry-over_NN  policy_NN  ,_,  greater_JJ  price_NN  stability_NN  and_CC  constant_JJ  supplies_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  industry_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  toes_NNS  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  are_VBR  laudable_JJ  objects_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  any_DD  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  new_JJ  .  
  if_CS  ever_RR  an_AT1  industry_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  its_APP$  toes_NNS  and_CC  eager_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  good_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  seed_NN  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  reports_VBZ  that_CS    three_MC  firms_NNS  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  to_TO  participate_VV0  as_IO  main_JB  processors_NNS  and_CC  distributors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  branded_JJ  seed_NN  .    
  all_DB  are_VBR  firms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  repute_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  others_DA2  not_XX  taking_VBG  part_NN  .  
  are_VBR  their_APP$  present_JJ  services_NNS  so_RG  inadequate_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  to_TO  step_VV0  in_RP  and_CC  improve_VV0  matters_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  triggered_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  move_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  published_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  marketing_NN  of_IO  herbage_NN  seed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  was_VBDZ  rightly_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  British_JJ  seeds_NNS  had_VHD  at_RR  least_RR  an_AT1  equal_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  market_NN  with_IO  foreign_JJ  seeds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  everything_PN1  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  standardised_JJ  product_NN  .  
  not_XX  everyone_PN1  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  would_VM  deplore_VV0    internecine_JJ  competition_NN    among_IO  seed_NN  firms_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  us_PPIO2   still_RR  believe_VV0  that_DD1  competition_NN  is_VBZ  healthy_JJ  and_CC  conducive_JJ  to_IO  efficiency_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  union's_NN1$  new_JJ  venture_NN  will_VM  prove_VV0  its_APP$  value_NN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0    vertical_JJ  integration_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  better_JJ  for_IO  farmers_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  \0N.F.U_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  control_NN  .  
  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  am_VBM  a_RR  little_RR  suspicious_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  latest_JJT  child_NN  .  
  dairy_NN  shorthorn_NN  decline_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0N_NP  Gould_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hampshire_NP  cattle_NNS  breeders'_NN2  society_NN  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  states_VBZ  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  society's_NN1$  \0A.I_NP  centre_NN  ,_,  demand_NN  for_IO  Friesian_JJ  services_NNS  continues_VBZ  to_TO  increase_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dairy_NN  shorthorn_NN  .  
  Aberdeen-Angus_NP  are_VBR  now_RL  suffering_VBG  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  for_CS  farmers_NNS  who_PNQS once_RR  crossed_VVD  them_PPHO1  with_IO  Friesians_NP2  for_IO  beef_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  breeding_VBG  pure_JJ  Friesians_NP2  .  
  dairy_NN  shorthorns_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  making_VBG  disappointing_JJ  figures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  rings_NNS  .  
  recently_RR  ,_,  of_IO  two_MC  shorthorn_NN  herds_NNS  dispersed_VBN  at_IO  Reading_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  averaged_VVD  *+60_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  only_RR  *+43_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  highest_JJT  price_NN  bid_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  sales_NNS  was_VBDZ  66_MC  guineas_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  week_NN  a_AT1  Guernsey_NP  dispersal_NN  sale_NN  averaged_VVD  *+91_NNU  3_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  (_(  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  Overbury_NP  Farms_NPLS  ,_,  at_IO  Beckford_NP  Court_NNL1  ,_,  Overbury_NP  ,_,  Gloucestershire_NP  )_)  ,_,  43_MC  animals_NNS  commanding_VBG  three-figure_JB  prices_NNS  .  
  at_IO  Nun_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Winsford_NP  ,_,  Cheshire_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  Lea_NP  Sherwin's_PPIO2  Stanthorne_NP  herd_NN  of_IO  Friesians_NP2  averaged_VVD  *+118_NNU  17_MC  \0s_NNU  2_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  present_JJ  unpopularity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shorthorn_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  sure_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  passing_JJ  phase_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  corrected_VBN  .  
  consider_VV0  the_AT1  longevity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  breed_NN  .  
  Theale_NP  Maud_NP  12th_MD  ,_,  a_AT1  dairy_NN  shorthorn_NN  cow_NN  owned_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hugh_NP  \0N_NP  Haldin_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Court_NNL1  Lodge_NNL1  ,_,  Hinxhill_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Ashford_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  breed_NN  record_NN  by_IO  producing_VBG  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  201,196_MC  \0lb_NNU  of_IO  milk_NN  (_(  with_IO  a_AT1  butterfat_NN  yield_NN  of_IO  7,371_MC  \0lb_NNU  )_)  in_IO  12_MC  lactations_NNS  .  
  at_IO  16_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  giving_VBG  35_MC  \0lb_NNU  of_IO  milk_NN  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  another_DD1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  notice_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  although_CS  entries_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  dairy_NN  show_NN  in_IO  October_NN1  are_VBR  down_RP  by_IO  35_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  dairy_NN  shorthorn_NN  entry_NN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  .  
  equipment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  by_IO  George_NP  Jarrett_NP  .  
  Tele-Bins_NP2  bring_VV0  bulk_NN  transport_NN  and_CC  storage_NN  within_IO  reach_NN  of_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  small_JJ  farmer's_NN1$  pocket_NN  .  
  bulk_NN  handling_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  indisputable_JJ  economies_NNS  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  cost_NN  and_CC  labour_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  exercising_VBG  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  people_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  farming_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  ancillary_JJ  industries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tonnage_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  moved_VBN  on_IO  our_APP$  farms_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  colossal_JJ  .  
  in_IO  corn_NN  growing_NN  bulk_NN  handling_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  sacks_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  with_IO  fertilisers_NNS  and_CC  lime_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  tendency_NN  is_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  unnecessary_JJ  handling_NN  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  figures_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  losses_NNS  which_DDQ  bulk_NN  handling_NN  can_VM  save_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  trade_NN  something_PN1  like_IO  30_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  purchased_VBN  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  in_IO  various_JJ  ways_NNS  while_CS  in_IO  heaps_NNS  on_IO  building_NN  sites_NNS  .  
  in_IO  farming_NN  something_PN1  like_IO  2_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  fertilisers_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  corners_NNS  and_CC  creases_NNS  of_IO  fertiliser_NN  bags_NNS  after_IO  emptying_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  may_VM  apply_VV0  to_IO  feedingstuffs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  solution_NN  to_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  in_IO  price_NN  .  
  bulk_NN  handling_NN  so_RG  often_RR  makes_VBZ  one_MC1  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  bulk_NN  transporters_NNS  costing_VBG  around_RR  *+5,000_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  now_RL  going_VBG  to_TO  describe_VV0  a_AT1  movable_JJ  container_NN  priced_VBN  at_IO  about_RR  *+118_NNU  .  
  making_VBG  its_APP$  debut_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  market_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  amalgamated_JJ  limestone_NN  corporation's_NN1$  Tele-Bin_NP  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  light_JJ  sheet_NN  steel_NN  with_IO  frames_NNS  made_VBN  of_IO  Stewart_NP  and_CC  Lloyd's_PPIO2  new_JJ  rectangular_JJ  hollow_JJ  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  container_NN  is_VBZ  5_MC  \0cwt_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  bins_NNS  measure_VV0  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  x_IO  4_MC  \0ft_NNU  x_IO  6_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  90_MC  \0cub_NNU  \0ft_NNU    enough_DD  for_IO  two_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  fertiliser_NN  or_CC  feedingstuff_NN  or_CC  three_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  basic_JJ  slag_NN  ,_,  lime_NN  ,_,  cement_NN  or_CC  any_DD  dry_JJ  materials_NNS  .  
  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  uses_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  found_VBN  for_IO  these_DD2  portable_JJ  bulk_NN  containers_NNS  on_IO  estates_NNS  and_CC  large_JJ  farms_NNS  .  
  agricultural_JJ  merchants_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  fast_RR  becoming_VBG  enthusiasts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  railway_NN  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  bins_NNS  for_IO  sugar-beet_NN  .  
  overseas_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  suitable_JJ  for_IO  many_DA  goods_NNS  from_IO  coffee_NN  beans_NNS  to_IO  any_DD  small_JJ  root_NN  crop_NN  .  
  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  system_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  having_VHG  started_VBN  with_IO  one_MC1  bin_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  buy_VV0  more_DA  to_TO  enlarge_VV0  one's_$  activities_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  small_JJ  farmer_NN  can_VM  buy_VV0  but_II  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  store_VV0  feedingstuffs_NNS  .  
  transporting_VBG  the_AT1  bins_NNS  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  flat-bottomed_JJ  lorry_NN  or_CC  one_MC1  with_IO  drop_NN  sides_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  of_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  easily_RR  converted_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  bulk_NN  carrier_NN  ,_,  with_IO  three_MC  bins_NNS  fitting_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  14_MC  \0ft_NNU  lorry_NN  .  
  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  economy_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  will_VM  need_VV0  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  bins_NNS    one_MC1  in_IO  transit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  on_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  being_VBG  loaded_VBN  and_CC  unloaded_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  brings_VBZ  the_AT1  capital_NN  outlay_NN  up_RP  to_IO  about_RR  *+690_NNU  for_IO  six_MC  bins_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  saving_NN  on_IO  specialised_JJ  bulk_NN  transport_NN  vehicles_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  bins_NNS  taper_VV0  downwards_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  outlet_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  set_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  having_VHG  four_MC  telescopic_JJ  legs_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  9_MC  \0in_NNU  diameter_NN  round_JJ  base_NN  .  
  the_AT1  legs_NNS  are_VBR  attached_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  gatelike_JJ  frame_NN  which_DDQ  closes_VBZ  inward_RR  when_CS not_XX  in_IO  use_NN  ;_;  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  bin_NN  is_VBZ  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  lorry_NN  bed_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  lorry's_NN1$  arrival_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  destination_NN  in_IO  farmyard_NN  or_CC  in_IO  field_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  frames_NNS  pull_VV0  outwards_RR  whilst_CS  the_AT1  telescopic_JJ  legs_NNS  are_VBR  adjusted_VBN  to_TO  rest_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  the_AT1  width_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  legs_NNS  is_VBZ  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  height_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lorry_NN  by_IO  18_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  so_CS  that_CS  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  box_NN  manure_NN  distributor_NN  can_VM  fit_VV0  underneath_IO  the_AT1  bins_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  loaded_VBN  when_CS fertiliser_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  handled_VBN  )_)  .  
  for_IO  wider_JJ  distributors_NNS  a_AT1  shute_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  supplied_VBN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  clipped_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  guide_NN  rails_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bin_NN  aperture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bin_NN  covers_NNS  are_VBR  metal_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  rubber_NN  ring_NN  inside_RR  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  out_RP  moisture_NN  and_CC  wet_NN  ,_,  enabling_VBG  the_AT1  fully_RR  loaded_JJ  bin_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  protected_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  and_CC  vermin_NN  .  
  this_DD1  protection_NN  from_IO  vermin_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  with_IO  feedingstuffs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  itself_PPX1  can_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  big_JJ  economies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  discharge_NN  aperture_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  two_MC  large_JJ  flat_JJ  plates_NNS  which_DDQ  slide_VV0  in_IO  opposite_JJ  directions_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  handle_NN  is_VBZ  flat_JJ  )_)  ,_,  giving_VBG  positive_JJ  opening_NN  and_CC  closing_NN  .  
  these_DD2  plates_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  locked_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  contents_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  touched_VBN  except_CS  by_IO  removing_VBG  the_AT1  entire_JB  unit_NN  .  
  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  legs_NNS  contains_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  screw_NN  jack_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  thrust_NN  bearing_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  operated_VBN  telescopically_RR  inside_RP  of_IO  two_MC  tubes_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  ratchet_NN  spanner_NN  :_:  this_DD1  enables_VBZ  the_AT1  driver_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  transporting_JJ  vehicle_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  fully_RR  loaded_JJ  bin_NN  .  
  taking_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  bin_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  one-man_JB  job_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  for_IO  use_NN  with_IO  fertilisers_NNS  the_AT1  bins_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  painted_VBN  with_IO  anti-corrosive_JJ  paint_NN  at_IO  extra_JJ  cost_NN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  painted_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  protection_NN  or_CC  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  look_VV0  smarter_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  \0A.L.C_NP  Tele-Bin_NP  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Bath_NP  and_CC  west_NN1  show_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  bring_VV0  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  bulk_NN  handling_NN  to_IO  many_DA  who_PNQS have_VH0  previously_RR  been_VBN  deterred_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  spend_VV0  *+4,000_NNU  ,_,  because_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  literally_RR  start_VV0  off_RP  with_IO  spending_VBG  only_RR  about_RR  *+118_NNU  for_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  bins_NNS  \0ex_IO  works_NN  .  
  already_RR  considerable_JJ  interest_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  by_IO  county_NN  councils_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  eyeing_VBG  the_AT1  bins_NNS  for_IO  road_NN  gritting_NN  ;_;  many_DA  small_JJ  builders_NNS  should_VM  save_VV0  money_NN  by_IO  buying_VBG  the_AT1  bins_NNS  for_IO  holding_VBG  sand_NN  ,_,  cement_NN  and_CC  similar_JJ  materials_NNS  ;_;  farmers_NNS  can_VM  use_VV0  the_AT1  bulk_NN  handling_NN  for_IO  fertilisers_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  strategically_RR  located_JJ  feedingstuff_NN  stores_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  ;_;  grain_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  combines_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  shot_VBN  straight_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  bins_NNS  ,_,  later_RRR  to_TO  be_VB0  collected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  lorry_NN  and_CC  taken_VBN  to_IO  dryer_NN  or_CC  mill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bins_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  insured_VBN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  amalgamated_JJ  limestone_NN  corporation_NN  (_(  \0Dept_NN  B_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  Chipping_NP  Sodbury_NP  ,_,  Gloucestershire_NP  ,_,  will_VM  give_VV0  more_DA  information_NN  or_CC  will_VM  arrange_VV0  demonstrations_NNS  .  
  farmers'_NN2  ordinary_JJ  .  
  by_IO  Ralph_NP  Whitlock_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  goes_VBZ  on_RP  at_IO  Pirbright_NP  .  
  whenever_CS an_AT1  epidemic_NN  of_IO  foot-and-mouth_JB  disease_NN  erupts_VBZ  to_TO  spread_VV0  despondency_NN  and_CC  send_VV0  imprudent_JJ  farmers_NNS  running_VBG  in_IO  panic_NN  to_TO  grab_VV0  insurance_NN  policies_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  by-products_NNS  is_VBZ  sure_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  rash_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  demanding_VBG  what_DDQ  Pirbright_NP  is_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  for_CS  at_IO  this_DD1  Surrey_NP  village_NN  a_AT1  team_NN  of_IO  scientists_NNS  devote_VV0  their_APP$  lives_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  institute_NN  for_IO  animal_JJ  virus_NN  diseases_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  putting_VBG  salt_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tails_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  elusive_JJ  microbe_NN  troublemakers_NNS  .  
  so_RG  painfully_RR  slow_JJ  is_VBZ  this_DD1  tricky_JJ  operation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  impatience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farmer_NN  ,_,  prejudiced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  just_RR  lost_VBN  the_AT1  herd_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  spent_VBN  20_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  .  
  especially_RR  as_CS  scientists_NNS  ,_,  immersed_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  world_NN  of_IO  embryo_NN  chicks_NNS  and_CC  suckling_JJ  mice_NNS  and_CC  being_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  by_IO  training_NN  ultra-cautious_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  seldom_RR  very_RG  good_JJ  at_IO  publicity_NN  .  
  papers_NNS  such_IO  as_II  purification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  virus_NN  of_IO  foot-and-mouth_JB  disease_NN  by_IO  fluorocarbon_NN  treatment_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  dissociation_NN  from_IO  neutralising_JJ  antibody_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  Pirbright_NP  publications_NNS  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  assist_VV0  public_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  valuable_JJ  though_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  from_IO  other_DA  points_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  slaughtering_NN  .  
  once_RR  every_AT1  five_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  institute_NN  issues_VBZ  a_AT1  report_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  latest_JJT  ,_,  just_RR  out_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  modest_JJ  half-crown's_NN1$  worth_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0S_NP  \0W_NP  Cheveley_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  governing_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  scientific_JJ  henchmen_NNS  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   how_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  using_VBG  their_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  our_APP$  money_NN  since_IO  1956_MC  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  shutting_VBG  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  vaccines_NNS  in_IO  extensive_JJ  use_NN  in_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  often_RR  alleged_VBN  ,_,  Pirbright_NP  actually_RR  manufactures_VBZ  these_DD2  vaccines_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  became_VVD  so_RG  great_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  staff_NN  very_RG  nearly_RR  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  stopping_VBG  research_NN  work_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  manufacture_NN  .  
  fortunately_RR  the_AT1  Wellcome_NP  foundation_NN  stepped_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  took_VVD  over_RP  this_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  scientists_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  proper_JJ  job_NN  .  
  why_CS then_RL  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  without_IO  vaccines_NNS  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  drain_NN  on_IO  our_APP$  flocks_NNS  and_CC  herds_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  although_CS  a_AT1  major_JJ  epidemic_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  spectacular_JJ  disaster_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  general_JJ  casualties_NNS  resulting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  disease_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  still_RR  amount_VV0  to_IO  less_DA  than_IO  0.5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  lower_JJ  than_CS  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  vaccination_NN  policy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  paying_VBG  the_AT1  penalty_NN  of_IO  allowing_VBG  the_AT1  disease_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  endemic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  sticking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  slaughter_NN  policy_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  seven_MC  known_JJ  strains_NNS  of_IO  foot-and-mouth_JB  disease_NN  virus_NN  .  
  without_IO  the_AT1  drastic_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  slaughter_NN  we_PPIS2  might_VM  find_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  invaded_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Asian_JJ  or_CC  African_JJ  viruses_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  so_RG  far_RR  mercifully_RR  free_JJ  .  
  the_AT1    ladders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN    are_VBR  the_AT1  clues_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  to_TO  track_VV0  down_RP  items_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  immediately_RR  remembered_VBN  .  
  the_AT1    organisation_NN    and_CC  the_AT1    shelves_NNS    will_VM  form_VV0  important_JJ  topics_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  later_JJ  discussion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  that_PNQS goes_VBZ  on_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  bench_NN  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  for_CS  here_RL  the_AT1  items_NNS  which_DDQ  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_IO  pieces_NNS  and_CC  reassembled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  sketch_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  their_APP$  internal_JJ  construction_NN  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  item_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sketch_NN  can_VM  then_RL  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stored_JJ  items_NNS  which_DDQ  constitute_VV0  our_APP$  memory_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stored_JJ  sketches_NNS  which_DDQ  constitute_VV0  our_APP$  understanding_NN  .  
  thus_RR  reading_VBG  for_IO  understanding_VBG  means_VBZ  taking_VBG  items_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  to_IO  pieces_NNS  as_CS  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  them_PPHO1  and_CC  seeing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  pieces_NNS  are_VBR  connected_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  arranged_VBN  to_TO  start_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  chapter_NN  and_CC  to_TO  finish_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  chapter_NN  .  
  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  natural_JJ  enough_RGA  but_CCB  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  purely_RR  an_AT1  arrangement_NN  to_TO  suit_VV0  authors_NNS  ,_,  printers_NNS  and_CC  booksellers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  correspond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reader's_NN1$  mind_NN  .  
  for_CS  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  understood_JJ  knowledge_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  mere_JB  succession_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  connected_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  though_CS  connected_VBN  ,_,  may_VM  occur_VV0  on_IO  pages_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  widely_RR  separated_VBN  .  
  if_CS  books_NNS  were_VBDR  designed_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  printed_VBN  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  only_RR  and_CC  not_XX  bound_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  loose-leaf_JB  books_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  reader_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  large_JJ  table_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  spread_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  and_CC  see_VV0  the_AT1  connections_NNS  of_IO  meaning_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  practical_JJ  objections_NNS  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  printing_NN  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  ask_VV0  how_CS can_VM  the_AT1  reader_NN  overcome_VV0  the_AT1  handicaps_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  present_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  imposes_VBZ  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  leads_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  reader's_NN1$  job_NN  .  
  my_APP$  main_JB  object_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  solitary_JJ  student_NN  what_DDQ  his_APP$  job_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  for_CS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  become_VV0  an_AT1  effective_JJ  reader_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  remember_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  passive_JJ  process_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  real_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  work_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  serious_JJ  student_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  very_RG  satisfying_JJ  job_NN  and_CC  can_VM  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  navigating_VBG  the_AT1  seas_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  processes_NNS  ,_,  learning_VBG  ,_,  remembering_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  knowing_VBG  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  possible_JJ  approaches_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  the_AT1  philosopher's_NN1$  approach_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  the_AT1  psychologist's_NN1$  approach_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  the_AT1  teacher's_NN1$  approach_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  the_AT1  learner's_NN1$  approach_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solitary_JJ  learner_NN  should_VM  aim_VV0  at_IO  mastering_VBG  all_DB  four_MC  approaches_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  his_APP$  own_DA  philosopher_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  own_DA  psychologist_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  teacher_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  philosopher_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  meanings_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  important_JJ  words_NNS  learning_NC2  ,_,  remembering_NC2  and_CC  knowing_NC2  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  to_TO  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  meanings_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  for_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  many_DA  meanings_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  clarify_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  their_APP$  relations_NNS  one_MC1  to_IO  another_DD1  and_CC  also_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  objective_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  psychologist_NN  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  observe_VV0  himself_PPX1  at_IO  work_NN  (_(  and_CC  others_DA2  too_RR  if_CS  possible_JJ  )_)  and_CC  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  processes_NNS  are_VBR  going_VBG  on_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  to_IO  grips_NNS  with_IO  new_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  variable_JJ  process_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  grasp_VV0  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  variables_NNS  which_DDQ  control_VV0  his_APP$  efficiency_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  learner_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  discover_VV0  that_DD1  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  assumptions_NNS  and_CC  preconceptions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  learning_VBG  are_VBR  unsound_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  critic_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  methods_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  experimenter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  better_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  expect_VV0  the_AT1  professional_JJ  psychologist_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  best_JJT  for_IO  him_PPHO1  because_CS  every_AT1  individual_NN  is_VBZ  different_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  psychologist_NN  can_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  the_AT1  variables_NNS  are_VBR  but_CCB  not_XX  how_CS they_PPHS2  combine_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  particular_JJ  case_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  teacher_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  anomalous_JJ  position_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  teacher_NN  is_VBZ  teaching_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  self-teacher_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  contradiction_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  contradiction_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  apparent_JJ  than_CS  real_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  rests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  mistaken_JJ  notion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  teacher_NN  has_VHZ  something_PN1  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  passing_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  learner_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  superficially_RR  true_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  learner_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  passive_JJ  recipient_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  already_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  certain_JJ  store_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  certain_JJ  vocabulary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  teacher_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  set_VV0  the_AT1  learner's_NN1$  vocabulary_NN  to_IO  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  store_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  make_VV0  it_PPH1  grow_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  simply_RR  pack_VV0  new_JJ  things_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solitary_JJ  learner_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  how_CS to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  for_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  uses_VBZ  his_APP$  vocabulary_NN  to_TO  ask_VV0  questions_NNS  and_CC  uses_VBZ  the_AT1  books_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  answers_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  learning_VBG  how_CS to_TO  learn_VV0  means_VBZ  becoming_VBG  your_APP$  own_DA  philosopher_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  own_DA  psychologist_NN  and_CC  your_APP$  own_DA  teacher_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  a_AT1  well-established_JJ  learner_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  your_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  mind_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  word_NN    mind_NC2    has_VHZ  given_VBN  rise_NN  to_IO  endless_JJ  controversy_NN  among_IO  philosophers_NNS  and_CC  psychologists_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  whom_WPO  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  abolish_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   obstinately_RR  go_VV0  on_RP  using_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  short_JJ  and_CC  familiar_JJ  and_CC  its_APP$  many_DA  meanings_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  otherwise_RR  expressed_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  cumbersome_JJ  and_CC  abstract_JJ  terms_NNS  which_DDQ  then_RL  introduce_VV0  new_JJ  difficulties_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  advisable_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  to_TO  narrow_VV0  down_RP  its_APP$  meaning_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  confusion_NN  .  
    mind_NC2    has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  contrasted_VBN  with_IO    matter_NC2    in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  are_VBR  somehow_RR  opposed_VBN  and_CC  incompatible_JJ  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  get_VV0  a_AT1  knock_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  and_CC  all_DB  evidence_NN  of_IO    mind_NN    vanishes_VBZ  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  detach_VV0  the_AT1  mind_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  biological_JJ  ,_,  surgical_JJ  and_CC  pharmacological_JJ  evidence_NN  points_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  close_JJ  connection_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  word_NN    soul_NC2    to_TO  stand_VV0  for_IO  what_DDQ  many_DA  believe_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  imperishable_JJ  essence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  persist_VV0  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  reserve_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  prosaic_JJ  word_NN    mind_NC2    for_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  experiences_NNS  and_CC  phenomena_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  clearly_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  .  
  can_VM  we_PPIS2  now_RL  put_VV0  forward_RR  any_DD  reasonably_RR  clear_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    basis_NN    of_IO  mental_JJ  phenomena_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  physicists_NNS  have_VH0  succeeded_VBN  remarkably_RR  well_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  theory_NN  ,_,  in_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  clear_JJ  and_CC  detailed_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  such_DA  material_JJ  phenomena_NNS  as_IO  chemical_JJ  action_NN  ,_,  magnetism_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  gases_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  where_CS has_VHZ  psychology_NN  got_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  its_APP$  theories_NNS  of_IO    mind_NN    .  
  are_VBR  there_EX  any_DD  ultimate_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  mind_NN  akin_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  atoms_NNS  of_IO  matter_NN  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  that_CS  mind_NN  could_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  analysed_VBN  into_IO  discrete_JJ  bits_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  bits_NNS  were_VBDR  identified_VBN  as_IO  elementary_JJ  sensations_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  thought_VBN  to_TO  combine_VV0  together_RR  to_TO  form_VV0  compound_JJ  experiences_NNS  by_IO  analogy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  atoms_NNS  of_IO  matter_NN  combine_VV0  to_TO  form_VV0  molecular_JJ  compounds_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  view_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  too_RG  many_DA  difficulties_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  abandoned_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  basic_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  mind_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  on_RP  and_CC  will_VM  doubtless_RR  continue_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  science_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  ultimate_JJ  units_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  beware_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  of_IO  supposing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  any_DD  close_JJ  analogy_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  units_NNS  of_IO  quite_RR  different_JJ  sciences_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  theory_NN  in_IO  physics_NN  might_VM  lead_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  geometry_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  points_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  correct_JJ  to_TO  regard_VV0  operations_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  geometry_NN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  many_DA  conflicting_JJ  tendencies_NNS  in_IO  psychology_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  search_NN  for_IO  ultimate_JJ  units_NNS  and_CC  here_RL  we_PPIS2  can_VM  only_RR  indicate_VV0  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  promising_JJ  concept_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  current_JJ  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  schema_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  easy_JJ  concept_NN  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  concrete_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  over-simplification_NN  but_CCB  even_RR  so_RR  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  meaningless_JJ  abstraction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  conversation_NN  between_IO  Hamlet_NP  and_CC  Polonius_NP  shows_VBZ  that_CS  Shakespeare_NP  had_VHD  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  an_AT1  intuitive_JJ  grasp_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  notion_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  Hamlet_NP  :_:  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  see_VV0  yonder_JB  cloud_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  almost_RR  in_IO  shape_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  camel_NN  .  
  Polonius_NP  :_:  
  by_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  ,_,  and_CC  't_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  camel_NN  ,_,  indeed_RR  .  
  Hamlet_NP  :_:  
  methinks_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  weasel_NN  .  
  Polonius_NP  :_:  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  backed_JJ  like_IO  a_AT1  weasel_NN  .  
  Hamlet_NP  :_:  
  or_CC  like_IO  a_AT1  whale_NN  .  
  Polonius_NP  :_:  
  very_RG  like_IO  a_AT1  whale_NN  .  **"_**'  
  now_RL  the_AT1  whale_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  camel_NN  \0etc_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clouds_NNS  are_VBR  mere_JB  aggregates_NNS  of_IO  water-drops_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whale_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  Hamlet_NP  and_CC  Polonius_NP  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  could_VM  both_DB2  see_VV0  the_AT1  cloud_NN  .  
  thus_RR  an_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cloud_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  .  
  moreover_RR  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  cloud_NN  .  
  yet_RR  they_PPHS2  could_VM    see_VV0    animals_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  important_JJ  fact_NN  about_IO  mental_JJ  phenomena_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  physical_JJ  cloud_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  is_VBZ  just_RR  itself_PPX1  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  water-drops_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mental_JJ  cloud_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  multiplicity_NN  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  brain-processes_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  physical_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  water-drops_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  experienced_VBN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  cloud_NN  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  whale_NN  ,_,  (_(  3_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  camel_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  dismiss_VV0  these_DD2  as_IO    illusions_NNS    for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  illusions_NNS  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  seek_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0    besides_II  why_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  illusory_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  thing_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whale_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  illusory_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  cloud_NN  .  
  and_CC  how_CS did_VDD  Hamlet_NP  know_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    really_RR    a_AT1  cloud_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  we_PPIS2  need_VM  not_XX  concern_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  with_IO  these_DD2  last_DA  questions_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  grasp_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  patterns_NNS  of_IO  brain-activity_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  kinds_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  patterns_NNS  which_DDQ  result_VV0  directly_RR  from_IO  processes_NNS  such_IO  as_II  seeing_VBG  ,_,  hearing_VBG  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  experienced_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cloud_NN  (_(  but_CCB  not_XX  yet_RR  identified_VBN  as_IO  such_DA  )_)  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  patterns_NNS  which_DDQ  result_VV0  in_IO  interpretations_NNS  such_IO  as_II    cloud_NN    ,_,    whale_NN    ,_,    camel_NN    ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  the_AT1  image_NN  is_VBZ  fairly_RR  steady_JJ  and_CC  durable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  interpretations_NNS  can_VM  shift_VV0  very_RG  rapidly_RR  .  
  these_DD2  interpretations_NNS  are_VBR  called_VBN    schemas_NNS    (_(  or_CC  more_RG  pedantically_RR    schemata_NNS    )_)  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN    mind_VV0    used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  identified_VBN  with_IO    consciousness_NN    .  
  but_CCB    consciousness_NC2    simply_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  stream_NN  of_IO  changing_VBG  experiences_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  simplify_VV0  our_APP$  explanations_NNS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  regard_VV0  consciousness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  mind_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  define_VV0    mind_NN    as_IO  the_AT1  totality_NN  of_IO  schemas_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  brain_NN  and_CC  regard_VV0    consciousness_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  transitory_JJ  state_NN  which_DDQ  any_DD  schema_NN  ,_,  or_CC  group_NN  of_IO  schemas_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  assume_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  consistent_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  experiences_NNS  and_CC  interpretations_NNS  .  
  before_IO  going_VBG  further_RRR  we_PPIS2  should_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  face_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  an_AT1  almost_RR  inevitable_JJ  difficulty_NN  for_IO  anyone_PN1  approaching_VBG  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  things_NNS  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  round_RP  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  psychologist_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  constantly_RR  encountering_VBG  this_DD1  tendency_NN  in_IO  friends_NNS  and_CC  acquaintances_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  inevitably_RR    queer_JJ    about_IO  psychology_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  feeling_NN  of_IO  queerness_NN  usually_RR  boils_VBZ  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  quite_RR  mistaken_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  psychologist_NN  first_RR  looks_VBZ  into_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  mind_NN  and_CC  then_RL  interprets_VBZ  other_DA  people's_NN2  minds_NNS  by_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  found_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  by_IO    getting_VBG  things_NNS  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  round_RP    .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  about_IO  how_CS his_APP$  own_DA  mind_NN  works_VBZ  by_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  .  
  for_CS  although_CS  looking_VBG  inwards_RR  (_(  or_CC    introspecting_VBG    as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  called_VBN  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  ruled_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  nowadays_RR  most_DA  psychologists_NNS  would_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  unreliable_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  getting_VBG  any_DD  precise_JJ  information_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  they_PPHS2  prefer_VV0  objective_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  since_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  directly_RR  look_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  mental_JJ  processes_NNS  of_IO  another_DD1  person_NN  they_PPHS2  observe_VV0  his_APP$  visible_JJ  behaviour_NN  and_CC  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  theoretical_JJ  interpretations_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  lies_VBZ  behind_IO  this_DD1  behaviour_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_RR  more_RG  queer_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doctor_NN  who_PNQS observes_VBZ  signs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  records_VBZ  symptoms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  diagnoses_VBZ  the_AT1  inner_JB  states_NNS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  the_AT1  disease_NN  himself_PPX1  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  can_VM  nevertheless_RR  identify_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  similarly_RR  the_AT1  psychologist_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  observe_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  inferences_NNS  about_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  processes_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  correspond_VV0  with_IO  anything_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  experience_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  very_RG  little_DA  about_IO  the_AT1  patterns_NNS  of_IO  brain-activity_NN  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  our_APP$  schemas_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  psychology_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN    these_DD2  patterns_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  concern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  neuro-physiologists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  numerically_RR  largest_JJT  group_NN  ,_,  consisting_VBG  of_IO  male_JJ  weekly_JJ  wage-earners_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  chargehand_NN  level_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  works_NN  only_RR  ,_,  excluding_VBG  the_AT1  offices_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  selected_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  age-structure_NN  was_VBDZ  compiled_VBN  from_IO  personnel_NNS  department_NN  records_NNS  ,_,  revealing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  (_(  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  )_)  seventeen_MC  men_NNS  seventy_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  or_CC  older_JJ  ,_,  thirty-three_MC  aged_JJ  sixty-four_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sixty-five_MC  just_RR  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  panel_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  on_IO  a_AT1  formally_RR  representative_JJ  basis_NN  but_CCB  rather_RR  of_IO  energetic_JJ  and_CC  concerned_JJ  individuals_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  various_JJ  levels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  .  
  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  the_AT1  panel_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  seek_VV0  further_JB  insight_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  faced_VBN  by_IO  older_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  approached_VVD  those_DD2  seventy_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  or_CC  older_JJ  .  
  interviews_NNS  with_IO  about_RR  half_DB  these_DD2  men_NNS  quickly_RR  convinced_VVD  the_AT1  panel_NN  that_CS  any_DD  approach_NN  at_IO  sixty-four_MC    which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  considered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  interim_JB  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  project_NN    was_VBDZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  profitable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  decision_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  plan_VV0  a_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  preparation_NN  for_IO  retirement_NN  suitable_JJ  for_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  just_RR  reached_VBN  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  took_VVD  much_RR  longer_RRR  than_CS  most_DA  people_NNS  had_VHD  expected_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  for_IO  granted_VBN  by_IO  anyone_PN1  wishing_VBG  to_TO  plan_VV0  and_CC  launch_VV0  schemes_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  in_IO  large_JJ  industrial_JJ  undertakings_NNS  that_CS  undue_JJ  haste_NN  will_VM  but_II  court_VV0  disaster_NN  .  
  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  after_IO  careful_JJ  preliminary_JJ  work_NN  explaining_VBG  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  to_IO  departmental_JJ  managers_NNS  ,_,  supervisors_NNS  and_CC  shop_NN  stewards_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  individual_JJ  invitation_NN  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  seventy-three_MC  men_NNS  who_PNQS reached_VVD  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  following_IO  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  reference_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  meeting_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  those_DD2  attending_VBG  were_VBDR  told_VBN  more_RG  fully_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  course_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  given_VBN  the_AT1  general_JJ  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  taken_VBN  part_NN  .  
  thirty-three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  forty-four_MC  men_NNS  interviewed_VBN  attended_VVD  this_DD1  meeting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  twenty-nine_MC  signed-on_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  course_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  planned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  writer_NN  in_IO  co-operation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  and_CC  in_IO  consultation_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0P_NP  \0B_NP  Davies_NP  ,_,  then_RL  west_NN1  midlands_NNS  district_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  educational_JJ  association_NN  ,_,  and_CC  naturally_RR  owes_VBZ  much_DA  to_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  schemes_NNS  described_VBN  earlier_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  differs_VBZ  principally_RR  in_IO  being_VBG  shorter_JJ  (_(  six_MC  sessions_NNS  plus_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  weekend_NN  gathering_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  wives_NNS  are_VBR  invited_VBN  )_)  ;_;  in_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  services_NNS  of_IO  experienced_JJ  tutors_NNS  in_IO  adult_JJ  education_NN  as_IO  discussion_NN  group_NN  leaders_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  having_VHG  available_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  meeting_NN  expert_JJ    consultants_NNS    for_IO  physical_JJ  health_NN  ,_,  mental_JJ  health_NN  and_CC  financial_JJ  planning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Rubery_NP  ,_,  Owen_NP  scheme_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  in_IO  its_APP$  fourth_MD  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  opportunity_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_TO  revise_VV0  the_AT1  course_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  .  
  topics_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  weekly_JJ  meetings_NNS  of_IO  one-and-a-half_MC  hours_NNS  (_(  each_DD1  held_VBN  half_RR  in_IO  company_NN  time_NN  ,_,  half_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  time_NN  )_)  are_VBR  now_RL  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  personal_JJ  adjustment_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  health_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  work_NN  and_CC  leisure_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  living_VBG  arrangements_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  
  financial_JJ  planning_NN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  final_JJ  discussion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weekend_NN  conference_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  wives_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  place_NN  at_IO  company_NN  expense_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  or_CC  resort_NN  hotel_NN  ,_,  includes_VBZ  an_AT1  address_NN  on_IO    the_AT1  woman's_NN1$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN    and_CC  one_MC1  on_IO    making_VBG  the_AT1  most_DA  of_IO  health_NN    .  
  separate_JJ  discussions_NNS  are_VBR  arranged_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  wives_NNS  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  plenary_JJ  sessions_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  reaching_VBG  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  scheme_NN  started_VVD  ,_,  125_MC  (_(  37.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  have_VH0  taken_VBN  part_NN  .  
  no_AT1  pressure_NN  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  on_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS decline_VV0  the_AT1  invitation_NN  .  
  one_MC1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  course_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  formation_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  themselves_PPX2  of_IO  the_AT1    half-century_NN  club_NN    ,_,  membership_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  or_CC  older_JJ  (_(  and_CC  their_APP$  wives_NNS  )_)  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  passed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  course_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  request_NN  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  from_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  salaried_JJ  staff_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  gladly_RR  agreed_VBN  to_IO  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  course_NN  produced_VVD  a_AT1  request_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  for_IO  an_AT1  evening_NN  class_NN  in_IO  home_NN1  repairs_NNS  and_CC  decorating_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  arranged_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  evening_NN  institute_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  scheme_NN  was_VBDZ  planned_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  short_JJ  refresher_NN  courses_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  of_IO  fifty-five_MC  and_CC  sixty_MC  :_:  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  due_JJ  in_IO  1963_MC  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  each_DD1    graduate_NN    is_VBZ  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  seek_VV0  help_NN  and_CC  advice_NN  in_IO  working_VBG  out_RP  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  through_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  personnel_NNS  department_NN  or_CC  by_IO  an_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  do_VD0  not_XX  regard_VV0  themselves_PPX2  as_IO  expert_JJ  advisers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  seek_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  sources_NNS  of_IO  information_NN  or_CC  advice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  day_NN  release_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Daniel_NP  Grant_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  employee_NN  relations_NNS  Officer_NNSB1  of_IO  Rolls-Royce_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  educational_JJ  association_NN  ,_,  submitted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  lord_NN  provost_NN  of_IO  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Andrew_NP  Hood_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  report_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  enquiry_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  that_PNQS beset_VV0  older_JJ  workers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  retirement_NN  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  lord_NN  provost_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  studied_VBN  the_AT1  report_NN  on_IO    the_AT1  morale_NN  and_CC  health_NN  of_IO  retired_JJ  workers_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  being_VBG  satisfied_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  matters_NNS  raised_VBN  were_VBDR  of_IO  considerable_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  of_IO  Glasgow_NP  and_CC  warranted_VVD  further_JB  study_NN  ,_,  set_VVD  an_AT1  informal_JJ  committee_NN  representative_JJ  of_IO  bodies_NNS  particularly_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  older_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  report_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  implications_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  advisability_NN  of_IO  arranging_VBG  a_AT1  conference_NN  on_IO  preparation_NN  for_IO  and_CC  occupational_JJ  activities_NNS  on_IO  retirement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  large_JJ  attendance_NN  and_CC  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  conference_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1957_MC  ,_,  reflected_VVD  not_XX  only_RR  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  nearing_VBG  or_CC  already_RR  in_IO  retirement_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  a_AT1  strong_JJ  desire_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  all_DB  concerned_VBN  for_IO  concerted_JJ  action_NN  towards_IO  preparing_VBG  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  for_IO  life_NN  in_IO  retirement_NN  and_CC  more_RG  adequate_JJ  provision_NN  of_IO  facilities_NNS  for_IO  crafts_NNS  ,_,  hobbies_NNS  and_CC  leisure-time_JB  interests_NNS  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  retired_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  retirement_NN  council_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  being_NN  in_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Andrew_NP  Hood_NP  as_IO  chairman_NN  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Andrew_NP  Atkinson_NP  as_IO  secretary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  has_VHZ  active_JJ  committees_NNS  on_IO  education_NN  and_CC  preparation_NN  for_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  occupational_JJ  centres_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  consists_VBZ  of_IO  representatives_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  corporation_NN  further_JB  education_NN  department_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  educational_JJ  association_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  University_NNL1  extra-mural_JJ  education_NN  committee_NN  and_CC  departments_NNS  of_IO  psychology_NN  ,_,  education_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  science_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  trades_NNS  unions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  regional_JJ  hospital_NN  board_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  an_AT1  industrial_JJ  medical_JJ  officer_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  in_IO  1959_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  \0M_NP  Banks_NP  ,_,  assistant_NN  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  education_NN  for_IO  Glasgow_NP  ,_,  that_CS  industrial_JJ  firms_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  ready_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  older_JJ  employees_NNS  attend_VV0  day-release_JB  courses_NNS  on_IO  preparation_NN  for_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  wages_NNS  paid_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  thus_RR  spent_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  approach_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_IO  about_RR  twenty_MC  large_JJ  firms_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  experimental_JJ  day-release_JB  course_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  was_VBDZ  organised_VBN  .  
  eleven_MC  students_NNS  from_IO  seven_MC  firms_NNS  attended_VVD  a_AT1  course_NN  on_IO  six_MC  full_JJ  Fridays_NN2  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  clear_JJ  both_DB2  to_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  employers_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  venture_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  experiment_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  organisers_NNS  hoped_VBN  to_TO  learn_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  participants_NNS  .  
  alterations_NNS  are_VBR  continually_RR  being_VBG  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  seventh_MD  course_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  described_VBN  as_CS    experimental_JJ    .  
  these_DD2  courses_NNS  take_VV0  place_NN  at_IO  Langside_NP  College_NNL1  in_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  separate_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  building_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  classroom_NN  and_CC  two_MC  good_JJ  upstairs_JB  lounges_VBZ  .  
  each_DD1  course_NN  starts_VBZ  with_IO  an_AT1  informal_JJ  evening_NN  meeting_NN  when_CS the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  drawn_VBN  from_IO  different_JJ  firms_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  get_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  tutors_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  opening_JJ  session_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  consecutive_JJ  full-day_JB  Friday_NN1  meetings_NNS  .  
  forenoon_NN  sessions_NNS  are_VBR  from_IO  9.30_MC  \0a.m_RR  to_IO  12.45_MC  \0p.m_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  coffee-break_NN  at_IO  11_MC  \0a.m_RR  .  
  lunch_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  2_MC  \0s_NNU  4_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  afternoon_NN  sessions_NNS  last_VV0  from_IO  1.50_MC  to_IO  5_MC  \0p.m_RR  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  afternoon_NN  tea-break_NN  of_IO  15_MC  minutes_NNS  at_IO  3_MC  \0p.m_RR  .  
  the_AT1  programme_NN  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  tutors_NNS    most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  retirement_NN  council_NN    give_VV0  their_APP$  services_NNS  voluntarily_RR  .  
  ninety-five_MC  men_NNS  from_IO  twenty-one_MC1  firms_NNS  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  taken_VBN  part_NN  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  courses_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  most_RG  appreciative_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  learn_VV0  much_DA  ,_,  factually_RR  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  retirement_NN  and_CC  provision_NN  for_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  psychologically_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sharing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  thoughts_NNS  on_IO  retirement_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  express_VV0  themselves_PPX2  as_CS  feeling_VBG  better_RRR  equipped_VBN  to_TO  confront_VV0  and_CC  plan_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  retirement_NN  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  some_DD  are_VBR  still_RR  pessimistic_JJ  regarding_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  with_IO  an_AT1    informed_JJ  pessimism_NN    .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unanimous_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  expressed_JJ  concern_NN  that_CS  many_DA  others_DA2  working_VBG  beside_IO  them_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  stage_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  careers_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  opportunity_NN  to_TO  benefit_VV0  similarly_RR  from_IO  further_JB  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  strongly_RR  recommend_VV0  should_VM  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Glasgow_NP  courses_NNS  described_VBN  above_II  have_VH0  been_VBN  for_IO  men_NNS  only_RR  .  
  but_CCB  seven_MC  women_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  and_CC  supervisory_JJ  grade_NN  from_IO  six_MC  firms_NNS  have_VH0  this_DD1  year_NN  (_(  1961_MC  )_)  taken_VBN  part_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  experimental_JJ  day-release_JB  course_NN  for_IO  women_NNS  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  at_IO  Langside_NP  College_NNL1  of_IO  a_AT1  duration_NN  and_CC  along_IO  lines_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  .  
  morning_NN  sessions_NNS  were_VBDR  unaltered_JJ  but_CCB  afternoon_NN  subjects_NNS  included_VVD    do-it-yourself_JB    ,_,  home-craft_NN  ,_,  home_NN1  cookery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  details_NNS  of_IO  women's_NN2  organisations_NNS  ,_,  providing_VBG  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  voluntary_JJ  social_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  crafts_NNS  ,_,  hobbies_NNS  ,_,  art_NN  ,_,  drama_NN  and_CC  music_NN  .  
  the_AT1  city_NN  literary_JJ  institute_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  initiative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Principal_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0A_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  well-known_JJ  London_NP  county_NN  council_NN  institute_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  started_VVD  to_TO  offer_VV0  day-release_JB  courses_NNS  in_IO  preparation_NN  for_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  following_VBG  an_AT1  encouraging_JJ  experiment_NN  with_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Unilever_NP  pensioners_NNS  welfare_NN  organisation_NN  .  
  several_DA  London_NP  firms_NNS  have_VH0  co-operated_VBN  by_IO  releasing_VBG  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  aged_JJ  fifty-five_MC  and_CC  over_RR  ,_,  both_DB2  staff_NN  and_CC  hourly-paid_JB  workers_NNS  .  
  different_JJ  courses_NNS  for_IO  different_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  when_CS describing_VBG  the_AT1  Michigan_NP  ,_,  Chicago_NP  and_CC  recent_JJ  British_JJ  approaches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  preparing_VBG  employed_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  eventual_JJ  retirement_NN  ,_,  some_DD  reference_NN  has_VHZ  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  ,_,  educational_JJ  or_CC  intellectual_JJ  status_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  whom_WPO  each_DD1  scheme_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ways_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  can_VM  largely_RR  be_VB0  solved_VBN  in_IO  advance_NN  ,_,  will_VM  differ_VV0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  variables_NNS  ,_,  very_RG  little_DA  is_VBZ  known_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  one_MC1  useful_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  remedy_VV0  this_DD1  important_JJ  gap_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  by_IO  Burgess_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  in_IO  Chicago_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  sought_VVD  answers_NNS  to_IO  three_MC  questions_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  are_VBR  there_EX  differences_NNS  in_IO  adjustment_NN  to_IO  ageing_NN  and_CC  retirement_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  occupational_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  employees_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  which_WDTI  occupational_JJ  levels_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  better_RRR  or_CC  the_AT1  poorer_RRR  prepared_VBN  for_IO  successful_JJ  adjustment_NN  to_IO  retirement_NN  and_CC  in_IO  what_DDQ  aspects_NNS  .  
  3_MC  .  
  does_VBZ  the_AT1  evidence_NN  obtained_VBN  support_VV0  a_AT1  rationale_NN  for_IO  adapting_VBG  a_AT1  pre-retirement_JB  planning_NN  and_CC  preparation_NN  programme_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  older_JJ  employees_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  occupational_JJ  levels_NNS  .  
  three_MC  hundred_MC  older_JJ  employees_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Standard_NP  oil_NN  company_NN  of_IO  Indiana_NP  provided_VVD  answers_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1    retirement_NN  planning_NN  inventory_NN    containing_VBG  100_MC  items_NNS    statements_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  person_NN  responding_VBG  is_VBZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  his_APP$  agreement_NN  or_CC  disagreement_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  by_IO  Burgess_NP  and_CC  Mack_NP  .  
  these_DD2  items_NNS  in_IO  fact_NN  comprise_VV0  twelve_MC  groups_NNS  ,_,  eight_MC  consisting_VBG  of_IO  ten_MC  items_NNS  each_DD1  ,_,  all_DB  dealing_VBG  with_IO  retirement_NN  planning_NN  and_CC  preparation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  two_MC  of_IO  ten_MC  items_NNS  each_DD1  ,_,  both_DB2  dealing_VBG  with_IO  more_RG  general_JJ  personal_JJ  adjustment_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC    category_NN  scores_NNS    which_DDQ  combine_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  100_MC  items_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  providing_VBG  more_RG  broadly-based_JB  areas_NNS  for_IO  assessment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  300_MC  employees_NNS  comprised_VVD  twenty-four_MC  managers_NNS  ,_,  eighty-four_MC  supervisory_JJ  and_CC  professional_JJ  /_CC  technical_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  184_MC  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  grades_NNS  .  
  Burgess_NP  found_VVD  that_CS  in_RR  general_RR    the_AT1  higher_JJ  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  occupational_JJ  status_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  greater_JJ  is_VBZ  its_APP$  (_(  apparent_JJ  )_)  adjustment_NN  to_IO  (_(  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  )_)  ageing_NN  and_CC  retirement_NN    .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  desirable_JJ  to_TO  insert_VV0  the_AT1  words_NNS  in_IO  parenthesis_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  questionnaire_NN  method_NN  of_IO  enquiry_NN  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  investigators_NNS  go_VV0  on_RP  to_TO  suggest_VV0  ,_,  from_IO  detailed_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  responses_NNS  obtained_VBN  ,_,  that_CS    the_AT1  problem_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  worker_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  centre_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  conception_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  on_IO  how_CS he_PPHO1  interprets_VBZ  its_APP$  meaning_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  future_JB  life_NN    .  
  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  differences_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  group_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  groups_NNS  in_IO  categories_NNS  of_IO  questions_NNS  covering_VBG    later_JJ  maturity_NN    and_CC    retirement_NN  attitudes_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  broadly-based_JB  area_NN  of_IO    social_JJ  adjustment_NN    .  
  Burgess_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  therefore_RR  advise_VV0  retirement_NN  planning_NN  programmes_NNS    to_TO  divide_VV0  into_IO  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  separate_JJ  units_NNS  :_:  one_MC1  to_TO  treat_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  non-manual_JJ  upper-level_JB  occupational_JJ  groups_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  seem_VV0  well-adjusted_JJ  to_IO  old-age_NN  but_CCB  require_VV0  a_AT1  medium_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  reinterpret_VV0  and_CC  assimilate_VV0  their_APP$  knowledge_NN  and_CC  attitudes_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  another_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  lower-level_JB  occupational_JJ  status_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  although_CS  conceiving_VBG  of_IO  retirement_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  can_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  within_IO  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  meaningful_JJ  and_CC  well-rounded_JJ  life_NN    .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  enough_RGA  question_NN  .  
  but_CCB  every_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  who_PNQS heard_VVD  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  who_PNQS  asked_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  charming_VBG  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  girl_NN  herself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  often_RR  find_VV0  that_CS  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  voice_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  appearance_NN  go_VV0  together_RR  .  
  their_APP$  owner_NN  probably_RR  takes_VBZ  pains_NNS  with_IO  both_DB2  !_!  
  people_NNS  generally_RR  are_VBR  responsive_JJ  to_IO  voices_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  voice_NN  will_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  pleasure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  will_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  headache_NN  .  
  listen_VV0  to_IO  Mollie_NP  .  
  that_DD1  girl_NN  could_VM  charm_VV0  the_AT1  bird_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bush_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Ethel's_PPIO2  flat_JJ  voice_NN  has_VHZ  as_RG  much_DA  charm_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  codfish_NN  !_!  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  that_CS  employers_NNS  advertising_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  secretary_NN  often_RR  state_VV0  :_:  
  good_JJ  speaking_NN  voice_NN  .  
  listen_VV0  and_CC  learn_VV0  .  
  listen_VV0  to_IO  voices_NNS  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  improve_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  .  
  variations_NNS  in_IO  pitch_NN  and_CC  speed_NN  ,_,  changes_NNS  in_IO  expression_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  warm_JJ  quality_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  voice_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  clear_JJ  enunciation_NN    those_DD2  can_VM  help_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  that_DD1  good_JJ  speaking_NN  voice_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  notice_VV0  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  pleasant_JJ  voices_NNS  usually_RR  belong_VV0  to_IO  pleasant_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  moral_NN  there_RL  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  forget_VV0  a_AT1  face_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  voice_NN  once_RR  heard_VBN  is_VBZ  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  cynic_NN  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  good_JJ  conversationalist_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  who_PNQS talks_VBZ  to_IO  you_PPY  about_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  enough_DD  truth_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  to_TO  set_VV0  you_PPY  thinking_VBG  .  
  keep_VV0  an_AT1  ear_NN  open_JJ  for_IO  snatches_NNS  of_IO  talk_NN  you_PPY  hear_VV0  during_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  and_CC  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  are_VBR  very_RG  popular_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  poor_JJ  conversation_NN  !_!  
  sometimes_RR  you_PPY  do_VD0  meet_VV0  some_PN1  one_PN  who_PNQS says_VBZ  little_DA  himself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  listen_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  be_VB0  cautious_JJ    there_EX  's_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  adage_NN  which_DDQ  tells_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  beware_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS lets_VBZ  you_PPY  do_VD0  all_DB  the_AT1  talking_NN  !_!  
  so_RR  what_DDQ  !_!  
  just_RR  this_DD1  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  conversationalist_NN  talks_VBZ  neither_LE  too_RG  much_RR  nor_CC  too_RG  little_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  knack_NN  of_IO  putting_VBG  things_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  more_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  stimulates_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  contribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  conversation_NN  too_RR  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  can_VM  set_VV0  a_AT1  whole_JJ  group_NN  talking_VBG  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  such_DA  a_AT1  talker_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  welcome_JJ  !_!  
  conversation_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  popular_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  entertainment_NN  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  all_DB  can_VM  share_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  help_VV0  yourself_PPX1  to_TO  play_VV0  your_APP$  part_NN  in_IO  good_JJ  conversation_NN  ,_,  either_LE  with_IO  strangers_NNS  or_CC  in_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  circle_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  do_VD0  wonders_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY  !_!  
  you_PPY  think_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  opposite_II  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  chat_VV0  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  would_VM  you_PPY  .  
  all_RR  right_RR  !_!  
  seize_VV0  your_APP$  opportunity_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  will_VM  you_PPY  say_VV0  .  
  as_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  never_RR  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  before_II  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  very_RG  well_RR  open_VV0  with_IO  ,_,      my_APP$  wife_NN  has_VHZ  toothache_NN  !_!      or_CC  something_PN1  of_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  usual_JJ  opening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  better_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  remark_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  everybody_PN1  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  will_VM  understand_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  just_RR  sticking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  quick_JJ  smile_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  brief_JJ  ,_,      horrid_JJ  !_!      and_CC  he_PPHO1  returns_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  you_PPY  he_PPHO1  will_VM  most_RG  likely_RR  toss_VV0  the_AT1  ball_NN  back_RP  to_IO  you_PPY  by_IO  saying_VBG  lightly_RR  ,_,      yes_UH    all_DB  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  atom-bomb_NN  scientists_NNS  !_!      or_CC  some_DD  such_DA  remark_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  come_VV0  back_RP  again_RR  with_IO  ,_,      disturbing_JJ  chaps_NNS    in_IO  more_DA  ways_NNS  than_IO  one_MC1  !_!    each_DD1  of_IO  you_PPY  will_VM  think_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  talkable-to_JJ  .  
  and_CC  away_RP  you_PPY  go_VV0  .  
  good_JJ  conversation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  wonderful_JJ  fun_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  grand_JJ  shortener_NN  of_IO  journeys_NNS  .  
  useful_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  !_!  
  one_MC1  \0V.I.P_NN  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  more_DA  from_IO  conversation_NN  than_CS  from_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  books_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  read_VBN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  you_PPY  learn_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  say_VV0  you_PPY  arrive_VV0    on_IO  your_APP$  own_DA    at_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  hostess_NN  leaves_VBZ  you_PPY  with_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  strangers_NNS  .  
  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  fleeting_JJ  smile_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  continue_VV0  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  telling_VBG  of_IO  her_APP$  battle_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  play_NN  producer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  yet_RR  reached_VBN  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  laid_VVD  him_PPHO1  out_RP  flat_JJ  !_!  
  splendid_JJ  !_!  
  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  you_PPY  a_AT1  breathing-space_NN  ,_,  and_CC  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  your_APP$  bearings_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  sure_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  something_PN1  you_PPY  can_VM  talk_VV0  about_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  antique_JJ  furniture_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  picture_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tapestry_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  flowers_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  there_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM    when_CS the_AT1  producer_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  humbled_VBN    get_VV0  by_RP  by_IO  answering_VBG  questions_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  to_TO  appear_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  tongue-tied_JJ  ninny_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  simply_RR  must_VM  say_VV0  something_PN1  original_JJ  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  notice_VV0  an_AT1  old_JJ  writing-desk_NN  .  
  so_RR  you_PPY  say_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  neighbour_NN  ,_,  
    lovely_JJ  desk_NN  !_!  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Chippendale_NP  .    
  you_PPY  could_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  better_RRR  .  
  talk_NN  about_IO  furniture_NN    especially_RR  antiques_NNS    and_CC  most_DA  people_NNS  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  join_VV0  in_RP  .  
  just_RR  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  chatter_NN  about_IO  some_PN1  one_PN  else_RR    but_CCB  two_MC  completely_RR  different_JJ  styles_NNS  of_IO  talking_VBG  !_!  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  gossips_NNS  talks_VBZ  with_IO  sledgehammer_NN  blows_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  so_RG  sure_JJ  about_IO  things_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  feels_VBZ  her_APP$  way_NN  more_RG  gently_RR  .  
  that_DD1  sledgehammer_NN  style_NN    if_CS  the_AT1  blows_NNS  are_VBR  short_JJ  and_CC  sharp_JJ  enough_RGA    may_VM  suit_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  political_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  but_CCB  conversation_NN  wilts_NNS  under_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  try_VV0  ,_,  instead_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  more_RG  inquiring_JJ  style_NN    
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  that_CS  .  .  will_VM  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  one_MC1  to_TO  give_VV0  his_APP$  views_NNS  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  nonsense_NN  !_!  will_VM  shut_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  or_CC  start_VV0  an_AT1  argument_NN  .  
  and_CC  an_AT1  argument_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  poor_JJ  conversation_NN  .  
  you_PPY  find_VV0  yourself_PPX1  more_RG  concerned_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  fellow_NN  wrong_JJ  than_CS  to_TO  encourage_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  .  
  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  know-all_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  plenty_NN  of_IO  people_NNS    both_DB2  sexes_NNS    who_PNQS delight_VV0  in_IO  showing_VBG  their_APP$  knowledge_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  nice_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  some_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  it_PPH1    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  good_JJ  conversation_NN  .  
  let_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  fellow_NN  tell_VV0  you_PPY  something_PN1    if_CS  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  !_!  
  at_IO  some_DD  time_NN  or_CC  other_DA  you_PPY  will_VM  speak_VV0  in_IO  public_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  join_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  committee_NN  meeting_NN  ,_,  take_VV0  sides_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  debating_NN  society_NN  ,_,  open_VV0  a_AT1  local_JJ  fe*?5te_NN  ,_,  propose_VV0  a_AT1  toast_NN    or_CC  even_RR  make_VV0  a_AT1  political_JJ  speech_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  .  
  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  occasion_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  some_DD  advice_NN  .  
  be_VB0  sincere_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  mean_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  say_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ring_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  voice_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  force_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  speaking_NN  which_DDQ  you_PPY  can_VM  get_VV0  in_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  .  
  believe_VV0  in_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  say_VV0    or_CC  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  .  
  be_VB0  natural_JJ  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  be_VB0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  famous_JJ  orators_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  style_NN  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  yours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  sticking_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  you_PPY  will_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  speech_NN  than_CS  by_IO  imitating_VBG  some_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  .  
  but_CCB  see_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  your_APP$  own_DA  style_NN  improves_VBZ  every_AT1  time_NN  you_PPY  make_VV0  a_AT1  speech_NN  .  
  those_DD2  two_MC  bits_NNS  of_IO  advice_NN  apply_VV0  whether_CS  you_PPY  speak_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  crowd_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  Hall_NNL1  or_CC  to_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  room_NN  .  
  be_VB0  sincere_JJ  .  
  be_VB0  natural_JJ  .  
  people_NNS  will_VM  at_RR  least_RR  listen_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  with_IO  respect_NN    and_CC  maybe_RR  with_IO  enjoyment_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  make_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  speech_NN  you_PPY  too_RR  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  thrill_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  beautifully_RR  dressed_VBN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  just_RR  right_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN    to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  bazaar_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  oh_UH  ,_,  dear_UH  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  unfolded_VVD  a_AT1  sheet_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  and_CC  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  read_VV0  her_APP$  speech_NN    every_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  such_DA  careful_JJ  enunciation_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  so_RG  terribly_RR  lifeless_JJ  !_!  
  but_CCB  here_RL  's_VBZ  a_AT1  speaker_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  calibre_NN    at_IO  a_AT1  mass-protest_NN  meeting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  looks_VBZ  just_RR  right_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  his_APP$  words_NNS  pour_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  and_CC  force_NN  of_IO  Niagara_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  crowd_NN  spellbound_JJ  !_!  
  those_DD2  two_MC  speakers_NNS  are_VBR  poles_NNS  apart_RP  .  
  between_IO  them_PPHO1  come_VV0  many_DA  other_DA  speaking-methods_NNS  .  
  which_WDTI  one_MC1  is_VBZ  yours_PP$  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  rely_VV0  on_IO  a_DA  few_DA  notes_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  .  
  that_DD1  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  better_JJ  than_CS  reading_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  speech_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  contact_NN  between_IO  speaker_NN  and_CC  audience_NN  .  
  stop_VV0  to_TO  read_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  look_VV0  down_RP  at_IO  your_APP$  notes_NNS  !_!    at_RR  once_RR  you_PPY  break_VV0  the_AT1  spell_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ    off_IO  the_AT1  cuff_NN    for_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  good_JJ  speech_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  you_PPY  need_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  beforehand_RR  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT    impromptu_JJ    speakers_NNS  spend_VV0  hours_NNS  in_IO  preparation_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  by_IO  all_DB  means_NNS  plan_VV0  your_APP$  speech_NN  and_CC  rehearse_VV0  it_PPH1    see_VV0  next_DA  page_NN  .  
  take_VV0  your_APP$  notes_NNS  with_IO  you_PPY    if_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  !_!  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  lose_VV0  them_PPHO1  and_CC  still_RR  speak_VV0  naturally_RR  and_CC  easily_RR  ,_,  why_UH    good_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  !_!  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  speaker_NN  !_!  
  embarrassed_JJ  and_CC  tongue-tied_JJ  !_!  
  poor_JJ  fellow_NN  !_!  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  happen_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY    if_CS  you_PPY  plan_VV0  your_APP$  speech_NN  beforehand_RR  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  speech_NN  ,_,  so_CS  presumably_RR  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  two_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  (_(  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  that_DD1  !_!  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  before_CS  you_PPY  start_VV0  have_VH0  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  in_IO  your_APP$  mind_NN  what_DDQ  that_DD1  message_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  writing_VBG  a_AT1  letter_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  arrange_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  paragraphs_NNS  .  
  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  your_APP$  speech_NN  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  write_VV0  it_PPH1  down_RP  .  
  content_VV0  yourself_PPX1  with_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  name_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  paragraph_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VV0  those_DD2  names_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  list_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  finally_RR  have_VH0  four_MC  names_NNS  on_IO  your_APP$  list_NN  .  
  then_RL  you_PPY  have_VH0  four_MC  sections_NNS  to_IO  your_APP$  speech_NN  .  
  decide_VV0  then_RL  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  in_IO  each_DD1    and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  saying_VBG  it_PPH1    and_CC  then_RL  rehearse_VV0  it_PPH1  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  again_RR  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  memorize_VV0  it_PPH1  word_NN  for_IO  word_NN  .  
  all_DB  you_PPY  need_VM  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  four_MC  names_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  order_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  .  
  each_DD1  time_NN  you_PPY  rehearse_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  probably_RR  put_VV0  things_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  way_NN  .  
  all_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  !_!    it_PPH1  will_VM  sound_VV0  much_RR  more_RG  spontaneous_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  remember_VV0  your_APP$  four_MC  names_NNS    have_VH0  the_AT1  list_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0    and_CC  you_PPY  simply_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  flummoxed_VBN  !_!  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  speech_NN  a_AT1  good_JJ  start_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  finish_NN  are_VBR  half_DB  the_AT1  battle_NN  .  
  so_RR    see_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  page_NN  !_!  
  yes_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  frightened_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  audience_NN  will_VM  eat_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  your_APP$  hand_NN    if_CS  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  offer_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  start_NN  will_VM  put_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  humour_NN  .  
  ladies_NNS  and_CC  gentlemen_NNS  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  had_VHN  much_DA  experience_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  speaking_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  begin_VV0  !_!  
  why_CS tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  novice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  their_APP$  interest_NN  you_PPY  want_VV0    not_XX  their_APP$  sympathy_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  go_NC2  !_!  
  try_VV0  something_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  :_:  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  television_NN  keeps_VBZ  people_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  proved_VBN  that_DD1  wrong_JJ  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  television_NN  makes_VBZ  its_APP$  appeal_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  lesser_JJ  intelligence_NN  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  proved_VBN  that_DD1  right_JJ  !_!  
  congratulations_NNS  !_!  
  and_CC  away_RP  you_PPY  go_VV0  into_IO  your_APP$  speech_NN  .  
  take_VV0  some_DD  thought_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  for_IO  your_APP$  ending_NN  .  
  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  listening_VBG  to_IO  me_PPIO1  so_RG  patiently_RR  .  
  a_AT1  political_JJ  candidate_NN  often_RR  used_VVD  that_DD1  finish_NN  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  in_RP  !_!  
  instead_RR  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  ended_VBN  this_DD1  way_NN  :_:  
  well_UH  ,_,  those_DD2  are_VBR  my_APP$  views_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  you_PPY  now_RL  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  putting_VBG  them_PPHO1  into_IO  practice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  finish_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  candidate_NN  !_!  
  note_VV0  :_:  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  plan_NN  to_TO  memorize_VV0  your_APP$  beginning_NN  and_CC  your_APP$  ending_NN  .  
  one_MC1  speaker_NN  predicts_VBZ  that_CS  unemployment_NN  will_VM  considerably_RR  increase_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  another_DD1  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  this_DD1  way_NN  :_:  
  half_DB  the_AT1  working-men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  will_VM  line_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  six_MC  words_NNS  only_RR    line_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  exchange_NN    but_CCB  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  vividly_RR  clear_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  presents_VBZ  you_PPY  with_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  flashes_VBZ  in_IO  your_APP$  mind's_NN1$  eye_NN  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  talking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  the_AT1  managing_JJ  Director_NNSB1  is_VBZ  retiring_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  senior_JJ  employee_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  presentation_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  thing_NN  a_AT1  seagoing_NN  setting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  the_AT1  Director_NNSB1  captain_NN  ,_,  refers_VBZ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  starting_VBG  as_IO  cabin-boy_NN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  ship_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  a_AT1  sound_JJ  idea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  metaphors_NNS  give_VV0  life_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  speech_NN  .  
  simple_JJ  words_NNS  and_CC  homely_JJ  phrases_NNS  give_VV0  the_AT1  clearest_JJT  pictures_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  some_PN1  one_PN  say_VV0  :_:    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  like_IO  using_VBG  a_AT1  sledgehammer_NN  to_TO  crack_VV0  a_AT1  nut_NN  !_!    and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  you_PPY  get_VV0  his_APP$  meaning_NN  .  
  but_CCB  :_:  using_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  output_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  exiguous_JJ  purpose_NN  (_(  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  !_!  )_)  gives_VBZ  you_PPY  no_AT1  picture_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  in_IO  preparing_VBG  your_APP$  speech_NN  ,_,  search_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  homely_JJ  phrase_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  simple_JJ  illustration_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  in_IO  giving_VBG  your_APP$  speech_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  in_IO  effect_NN  give_VV0  your_APP$  hearers_NNS  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  pictures_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  looked_VVD  ominously_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  legs_NNS  was_VBDZ  showing_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  second-class_JJ  compartment_NN  .  
  his_APP$  fears_NNS  were_VBDR  realized_VBN  when_CS some_DD  porters_NNS  helped_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  lift_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  still_RR  puzzling_VBG  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  could_VM  have_VH0  happened_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  fiance*?2e_NN  ,_,  Edward_NP  Berry_NP  at_RR  first_RR  watched_VVD  the_AT1  growing_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  excited_JJ  railway_NN  officials_NNS  farther_RRR  up_RP  the_AT1  platform_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  learned_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  causing_VBG  the_AT1  commotion_NN  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  greatly_RR  alarmed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  after_CS  the_AT1  body_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  grief-stricken_JJ  duty_NN  formally_RR  to_TO  identify_VV0  Elizabeth_NP  Camp_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  thirty-three_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  his_APP$  bride_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  doubt_NN  of_IO  how_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  met_VBN  her_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  less_RRR  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  murder_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  struck_VBN  several_DA  times_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  blunt_JJ  instrument_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  head_NN  was_VBDZ  smashed_VBN  in_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  signs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  violent_JJ  struggle_NN  ,_,  blood_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cushions_NNS  and_CC  floor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  broken_JJ  umbrella_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  bone_NN  cuff-links_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  compartment_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  clue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  killer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  was_VBDZ  examined_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  definitely_RR  established_VBN  that_CS  no_AT1  sexual_JJ  assault_NN  had_VHD  taken_VBN  place_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  motive_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  robbery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  further_RRR  confirmed_VBN  when_CS a_AT1  check_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  woman's_NN1$  relations_NNS  in_IO  Hounslow_NP  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Camp_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  housekeeper_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  intent_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  public-house_NN  in_IO  Walworth_NP  .  
  her_APP$  day_NN  off_RP  was_VBDZ  Thursday_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  before_IO  coming_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  London_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  called_VBN  on_IO  her_APP$  two_MC  sisters_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  whom_WPO  lived_VVD  at_IO  Hammersmith_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  at_IO  Hounslow_NP  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  a_AT1  shop_NN  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  Hammersmith_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  arrived_VBN  at_IO  Hounslow_NP  around_IO  5_MC  \0P.M_RR  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  tea_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  other_DA  sister_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  to_TO  catch_VV0  the_AT1  7.42_MC  .  
  her_APP$  sister_NN  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  helping_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  her_APP$  packages_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  sister_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  carried_VBN  a_AT1  green_JJ  purse_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  bought_VBN  a_AT1  railway_NN  ticket_NN  .  
  but_CCB  both_DB2  purse_NN  and_CC  ticket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  packages_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  gone_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  body_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  at_IO  Waterloo_NP  .  
  neither_LE  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  nor_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Berry_NP  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  likely_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  carrying_VBG  much_DA  money_NN  .  
  a_AT1  porter_NN  at_IO  Hounslow_NP  supported_VVD  the_AT1  sister's_NN1$  statement_NN  that_CS  Elizabeth_NP  Camp_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  alone_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  compartment_NN  when_CS the_AT1  train_NN  left_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  did_VDD  not_XX  help_VV0  much_RR  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  made_VBN  stops_NNS  at_IO  nine_MC  stations_NNS  before_IO  Waterloo_NP  .  
  the_AT1  police_NNS  began_VVD  a_AT1  systematic_JJ  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN    no_AT1  easy_JJ  task_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  patience_NN  and_CC  method_NN  paid_VVD  off_RP  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  spot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  embankment_NN  between_IO  Putney_NP  and_CC  Wandsworth_NP  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  a_AT1  bloodstained_JJ  pestle_NN  such_CS  as_CS  chemists_NNS  use_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  hairs_NNS  sticking_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  murder_NN  weapon_NN  ,_,  more_RR  than_RR  likely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  evidence_NN  enough_DD  to_TO  have_VH0  brought_VBN  a_AT1  killer_NN  to_IO  book_NN  in_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  1897_MC  ,_,  alas_UH  !_!  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  fingerprint_NN  bureau_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  experts_NNS  to_TO  check_VV0  and_CC  photograph_VV0  any_DD    dabs_NNS    it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  yielded_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tough_JJ  case_NN  to_TO  tackle_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  Superintendent_NNSB1  Robinson_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  \0L.S.W.R_NP  police_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  chief_JB  Inspector_NNSB1  Marshall_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  ,_,  combined_VVD  forces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  investigation_NN  .  
  while_CS  accepting_VBG  the_AT1  likelihood_NN  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Camp_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  attacked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  robbery_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  overlook_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  might_VM  have_VH0  disguised_VBN  another_DD1  motive_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  thorough_JJ  check_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  former_DA  men_NNS  friends_NNS  and_CC  acquaintances_NNS  began_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  flood_NN  of_IO  rumours_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  well_RR  meant_VBN  ,_,  some_DD  mischievous_JJ  ,_,  including_IO  one_MC1  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  seen_VBN  fleeing_VBG  from_IO  Vauxhall_NP  station_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Thursday_NN1  evening_NN  ,_,  with_IO  blood_NN  actually_RR  dripping_VBG  from_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  inquest_NN  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  on_IO  February_NN1  17_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  beyond_IO  the_AT1  jury_NN  hearing_VBG  a_AT1  formal_JJ  identification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  victim_NN  and_CC  inspecting_VBG  at_IO  Waterloo_NP  the_AT1  carriage_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  died_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  proceed_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  inquest_NN  was_VBDZ  adjourned_VBN  .  
  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  the_AT1  police_NNS  followed_VVD  up_RP  likely_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  unlikely_JJ  trails_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  learned_VBN  that_CS  Elizabeth_NP  Camp_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  lending_VBG  money_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  relatives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  movements_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  11th_MD  .  
  the_AT1  dead_JJ  woman_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  engaged_VBN  once_RR  before_II    to_IO  a_AT1  barman_NN  named_VBN  Brown_NP  .  
  this_DD1  man_NN  agreed_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  engagement_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  broken_VBN  off_RP  after_IO  one_MC1  particular_JJ  tiff_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  denied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  owed_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Camp_NP  any_DD  money_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  while_NN  the_AT1  police_NNS  were_VBDR  casting_VBG  about_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  seen_VBN  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  train_NN  at_IO  Wandsworth_NP  .  
  a_AT1  passenger_NN  described_VVD  this_DD1  individual_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  about_RR  thirty_MC  ,_,  of_IO  medium_JB  height_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  dark_JJ  moustache_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  frockcoat_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  top-hat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  porter_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  bore_VVD  out_RP  this_DD1  description_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  traced_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  search_NN  got_VVD  around_RP  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  did_VDD  obligingly_RR  present_VV0  himself_PPX1  at_IO  Wandsworth_NP  police-station_NN  ,_,  claiming_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  committed_VBN  the_AT1  murder_NN    but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mentally_RR  defective_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  despite_IO  his_APP$  claim_NN  to_IO  infamy_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  nowhere_RR  near_IO  the_AT1  7.42_MC  that_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  bone_NN  cuff-links_NNS  found_VBN  beside_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  at_RR  first_RR  been_VBN  considered_VBN  as_CS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  killer_NN  ,_,  proved_VVD  yet_RR  another_DD1  red_JJ  herring_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  learned_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  borrowed_VBN  by_IO  Elizabeth_NP  Camp_NP  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  sisters_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  from_IO  Reading_NP  named_VBN  Marshall_NP  had_VHD  an_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coroner_NN  .  
  this_DD1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  left_VBN  his_APP$  home_NN1  on_IO  February_NN1  11_MC  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  away_RP  for_IO  four_MC  days_NNS  .  
  not_XX  in_IO  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  crime_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  shopping_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  Guildford_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  false_JJ  moustache_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  explain_VV0  .  
  his_APP$  story_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  home_NN1  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  army_NN  (_(  presumably_RR  feeling_VBG  that_CS  a_AT1  moustache_NN  might_VM  enhance_VV0  his_APP$  military_JJ  bearing_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  the_AT1  inquest_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  dragged_VBN  on_RP  ,_,  with_IO  adjournments_NNS  ,_,  until_IO  April_NN1  7_MC  ,_,  finally_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  content_JJ  to_TO  return_VV0  a_AT1  verdict_NN  of_IO    wilful_JJ  murder_NN  against_IO  some_DD  person_NN  or_CC  persons_NNS  unknown_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  most_RG  vital_JJ  clue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wedgwood_NP  pestle_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  of_IO  no_AT1  assistance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  killer_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  very_RG  thankful_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  science_NN  of_IO  dactyloscopy_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  beginnings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  female_JJ  fatality_NN  occurred_VVD  eight_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  yet_CF  so_RG  strange_JJ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  further_JB  seven_MC  years_NNS  before_II  even_RR  a_AT1  ghost_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  emerged_VVD  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  something_PN1  sinister_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  tunnels_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  jobs_NNS  connected_VBN  with_IO  railway_NN  construction_NN  ;_;  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS believed_VVD  that_CS  to_TO  travel_VV0  through_IO  tunnels_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  equally_RR  hazardous_JJ  business_NN  .  
  some_DD  thought_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  result_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  horrible_JJ  illnesses_NNS  brought_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  confined_JJ  atmosphere_NN  .  
    the_AT1  shareholders_NNS  who_PNQS travel_VV0  by_IO  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  heartily_RR  sick_JJ  ,_,  what_DDQ  with_IO  the_AT1  foul_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  smoke_NN  and_CC  sulphur_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  railway_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  worse_JJ  than_IO  Ipecacuanha_NP  ,_,    wrote_VVD  an_AT1  anti-railway_JB  industrialist_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  proposed_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  the_AT1  Box_NP  tunnel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mere_JB  thought_NN  of_IO  subterranean_JJ  travel_NN  gave_VVD  others_DA2  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  danger_NN  .  
  a_AT1  medical_JJ  journal_NN  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  deafening_JJ  peal_NN  of_IO  thunder_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  immersion_NN  in_IO  gloom_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  clash_NN  of_IO  reverberated_JJ  sounds_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  confined_JJ  space_NN  combine_VV0  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  momentary_JJ  shudder_NN  ,_,  or_CC  idea_NN  of_IO  destruction_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  thrill_NN  of_IO  annihilation_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  prophesied_VBN  that_CS  passengers_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  robbed_VBN  and_CC  assaulted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  England_NP  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  only_RR  two_MC  occasions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  body_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  tunnel_NN  in_IO  circumstances_NNS  pointing_VBG  to_TO  murder_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gold_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Lefroy_NP  case_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  chance_NN  the_AT1  second_MD  tragedy_NN  occurred_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  line_NN  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  victim_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  though_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  woman_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  foul_JJ  play_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  verdict_NN  brought_VBN  in_RP  was_VBDZ  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  sufficient_JJ  evidence_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  or_CC  been_VBN  thrown_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  train_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Merstham_NP  tunnel_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  London-to-Brighton_NP  line_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  approximately_RR  one_MC1  mile_NN  long_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  time_NN  before_IO  midnight_NN  on_IO  September_NN1  24_MC  ,_,  1905_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  Sub-Inspector_NNSB1  Peacock_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  ,_,  Brighton_NP  and_CC  south_NN1  coast_NN  railway_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gang_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  engaged_VBN  in_IO  relining_VBG  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  walking_VBG  through_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  stumbled_VVD  over_IO  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  battered_JJ  and_CC  broken_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  word_NN  straight_RR  away_RP  to_IO  near-by_JB  Merstham_NP  station_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  stretcher_NN  party_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  body_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Feathers_NP  Hotel_NNL1  to_TO  await_VV0  identification_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  suicide_NN  ,_,  where_CS some_DD  unhappy_JJ  soul_NN  had_VHD  walked_VBN  deliberately_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  blackness_NN  and_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  some_DD  train_NN  .  
  this_DD1  hardly_RR  seemed_VVD  likely_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  examined_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  doctor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  young_JJ  ,_,  small_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  rather_RR  plump_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  her_APP$  own_DA  silk_NN  scarf_NN  drawn_VBN  almost_RR  tight_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  strangle_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ends_NNS  thrust_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  gag_NN  .  
  both_DB2  her_APP$  wrists_NNS  bore_VVD  the_AT1  marks_NNS  of_IO  severe_JJ  bruising_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  other_DA  injuries_NNS  on_IO  her_APP$  body_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  before_CS  her_APP$  death_NN  was_VBDZ  ensured_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  train_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  roared_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  letters_NNS  or_CC  papers_NNS  found_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  assist_VV0  identification_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  railway_NN  ticket_NN  .  
  by_IO  then_RL  reports_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  gathered_VBN  about_IO  all_DB  traffic_NN  over_IO  this_DD1  stretch_NN  of_IO  line_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  information_NN  was_VBDZ  forthcoming_JJ  about_IO  any_DD  carriage_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  door_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  any_DD  passenger_NN  reporting_VBG  an_AT1  incident_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  relate_VV0  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  small_JJ  girl_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  and_CC  long_JJ  brown_JJ  hair_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  bun_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  remained_VVD  a_AT1  mystery_NN  until_CS  later_RRR  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  .  
  during_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  circulated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Money_NP  came_VVD  forward_RR  to_TO  identify_VV0  her_PPHO1  as_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  Mary_NP  Money_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  twenty-two_MC  .  
  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  described_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG    always_RR  bright_JJ  and_CC  jolly_JJ  ,_,    had_VHD  been_VBN  unmarried_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  lived_VVD  at_IO  Lavender_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  Clapham_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  premises_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  dairyman_NN  ,_,  Bridger_NP  ,_,  for_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  worked_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  book-keeper_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  at_IO  about_RR  seven_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  telling_VBG  her_APP$  room-mate_NN  ,_,  Emma_NP  Hone_NP  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  gone_VBN  for_IO  long_JJ  .  
  according_IO  to_II  Miss_NNSB1  Hone_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  handbag_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  believed_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  small_JJ  purse_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  had_VHD  certainly_RR  taken_VBN  some_DD  money_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  traced_VVD  her_APP$  movements_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  in_IO  Clapham_NP  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  some_DD  chocolate_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Golding_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS kept_VVD  the_AT1  sweet_NN  shop_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Station_NNL1  Approach_NNL1  near_IO  Clapham_NP  Junction_NP  ,_,  knew_VVD  Mary_NP  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fond_JJ  of_IO  sweets_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  brief_JJ  conversation_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  had_VHN  she_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  had_VHD  said_VBN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  Victoria_NP    hardly_RR  the_AT1  short_JJ  walk_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  suggested_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  friend_NN  who_PNQS shared_VVD  her_APP$  room_NN  .  
  at_IO  Clapham_NP  Junction_NP  a_AT1  ticket-collector_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  identify_VV0  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  last_RR  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  on_IO  platform_NN  six_MC  waiting_VBG  to_TO  board_VV0  a_AT1  train_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  run_NN  to_IO  Victoria_NP  .  
  a_AT1  passenger_NN  at_IO  Victoria_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  a_AT1  young_JJ  lady_NN    as_RG  near_II  as_CS  possible_JJ    like_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  shown_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  man_NN    very_RG  close_RR  in_IO  conversation_NN  and_CC  walking_VBG  arm_NN  in_IO  arm_NN  .    
  a_AT1  guard_NN  reported_VVD  that_CS  at_IO  East_NP  Croydon_NP  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  couple_NN  sitting_VBG  close_RR  together_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  compartment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  from_IO  London_NP  Bridge_NNL1  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  charge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  could_VM  have_VH0  joined_VBN  this_DD1  train_NN  by_IO  taking_VBG  one_MC1  from_IO  Victoria_NP  and_CC  changing_VBG  at_IO  East_NP  Croydon_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  believed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  still_RR  been_VBN  together_RR  at_IO  South_NP  Croydon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  Redhill_NP  ,_,  after_IO  passing_VBG  through_IO  Merstham_NP  tunnel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  companion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  medical_JJ  evidence_NN  established_VVD  that_CS  Mary_NP  Money_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  dead_JJ  for_IO  about_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_CS  her_APP$  body_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  matched_VVD  reasonably_RR  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  timetable_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  in_IO  question_NN  .  
  more_DA  important_JJ  evidence_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  signalman_NN  at_IO  Purley_NP  Oaks_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  seen_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  passed_VVD  his_APP$  box_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  couple_NN  struggling_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  compartment_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_JJ  to_IO  seeing_VBG  couples_NNS  engaged_VBN  in_IO  close_JJ  embraces_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  attached_VBN  any_DD  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  division_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  responsibility_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  three_MC  territorial_JJ  governments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  federal_JJ  assembly_NN  would_VM  consist_VV0  of_IO  thirty-five_MC  members_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  twenty-six_MC  would_VM  represent_VV0  the_AT1  200,000_MC  Europeans_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  6_MC  million_MC  Africans_NP2  would_VM  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  six_MC  Africans_NP2  and_CC  three_MC  Europeans_NP2  .  
  later_JJ  amendments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  intricate_JJ  character_NN  increased_VVD  the_AT1  federal_JJ  membership_NN  to_IO  fifty-nine_MC  ,_,  increased_VVD  the_AT1  membership_NN  elected_VBN  almost_RR  wholly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  vote_NN  from_IO  twenty-six_MC  to_IO  forty-four_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  African_JJ  representation_NN  from_IO  nine_MC  to_IO  fifteen_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  members_NNS  elected_VBN  on_IO  white-predominant_JJ  mixed_JJ  rolls_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  long_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  anti-federationists_NNS  felt_VVD  their_APP$  fears_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  clearly_RR  confirmed_VBN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  concession_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  doubts_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  active_JJ  principle_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  federation's_NN1$  racial_JJ  policies_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  not_XX  apartheid_NN  ,_,  but_CCB    partnership_NN    .  
  this_DD1  reassuring_JJ  word_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  precisely_RR  defined_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  subsequently_RR  been_VBN  treated_VBN  by_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  African_NN1  with_IO  derision_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  constitution_NN  provided_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1    African_JJ  affairs_NNS  board_NN    which_DDQ  could_VM  appeal_VV0  direct_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  against_IO  any_DD  legislation_NN  it_PPH1  regarded_VVD  as_CS  discriminatory_JJ  .  
  (_(  twice_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  so_RR  appeal_VV0  ,_,  against_IO  the_AT1  constitution_NN  amendment_NN  act_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  1958_MC  electoral_JJ  bill_NN  .  
  both_DB2  appeals_NNS  were_VBDR  immediately_RR  rejected_VBN  .  )_)  
  Africans_NP2  continued_VVD  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  remark_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Godfrey_NP  Huggins_NP  as_IO  Premier_NNSB1  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  in_IO  1934_MC  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  prepared_VBN  and_CC  never_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  African_NN1  as_IO  an_AT1  equal_NN  either_LE  socially_RR  or_CC  politically_RR  .    
  they_PPHS2  continued_VVD  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  whatever_DDQ  Huggins_NP  said_VVD  about_IO    partnership_NN    for_IO  English_JJ  consumption_NN  ,_,  at_IO  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  defined_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  partnership_NN  that_PNQS exists_VBZ  between_IO  a_AT1  rider_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  horse_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Rhodesian_JJ  system_NN  of_IO    partnership_NN    ,_,  while_CS  less_RG  crude_JJ  and_CC  blatant_JJ  than_IO  South_NP  Africa's_PPIO2  apartheid_NN  ,_,  meant_VVD  colour_NN  discrimination_NN  almost_RR  as_RG  pervasive_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sometimes_RR  held_VBN  ,_,  less_RG  honest_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  population_NN  ,_,  one-tenth_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  owned_VVD  half_DB  the_AT1  land_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  franchise_NN  was_VBDZ  inexorably_RR  loaded_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  African_NN1  ,_,  pass_NN  laws_NNS  continued_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  colour-bar_NN  ,_,  though_CS  legally_RR  modified_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  ,_,  remained_VVD  socially_RR  inflexible_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  native_JJ  affairs_NNS  department_NN  governed_VVD  almost_RR  every_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  life_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  of_IO  1912_MC  happened_VVD  in_IO  central_JJ  Africa_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  of_IO  1953_MC  :_:  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  tolerant_JJ  elements_NNS  leavening_VBG  and_CC  liberalizing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reverse_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RG  far_RR  from_IO  white_JJ  opinion_NN  mellowing_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  hardened_VVD  .  
  Garfield_NP  Todd_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  moderately_RR  progressive_JJ  Premier_NNSB1  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  squeezed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  office_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  elections_NNS  returned_VVD  the_AT1  strongly_RR  federationist_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Edgar_NP  Whitehead_NP  .  
  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  powerfully_RR  pro-settler_JB  Sir_NNSB1  Godfrey_NP  Huggins_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  even_RR  tougher_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  determined_JJ  ex-trade_JB  unionist_NN  ,_,  ex-boxer_NN  ,_,  ex-engine-driver_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  from_IO  modifying_VBG  his_APP$  determination_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  must_VM  never_RR  dominate_VV0  the_AT1  federation_NN  ,_,  continued_VVD  to_TO  reaffirm_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  increasing_JJ  vigour_NN  and_CC  confidence_NN  .  
  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Roy's_PPIO2  extreme_JJ  rightism_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  opponents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dominion_NN  party_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  leans_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1    South_NP  African_JJ  solution_NN    ,_,  are_VBR  even_RR  more_RG  extreme_JJ  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  events_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  mandate_NN  now_RL  to_TO  press_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  for_IO  complete_JJ  independence_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  exclusively_RR  white-controlled_JJ  federation_NN  .  
  physically_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  federation_NN  paid_VVD  off_RP  :_:  business_NN  boomed_VVD  ,_,  Salisbury_NP    capital_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  federation_NN    mushroomed_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  significant_JJ  city_NN  .  
  all_RR  around_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  storm-clouds_NNS  grew_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  settler_NN  community_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  spokesmen_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  had_VHD  argued_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  African_JJ  resistance_NN  to_IO  federation_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  based_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  prejudice_NN  and_CC  ignorance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  disappear_VV0  as_CS  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  recognize_VV0  the_AT1  solid_JJ  benefits_NNS  that_PNQS it_PPH1  brought_VVD  .  
  precisely_RR  the_AT1  contrary_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  central_JJ  Africans_NP2  were_VBDR  by_IO  now_RL  only_RR  too_RG  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  yeasty_JJ  upsurge_NN  of_IO  nationalist_JJ  movements_NNS  all_RR  around_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  while_CS  they_PPHS2  remained_VVD  groping_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  stagnant_JJ  pool_NN  .  
  with_IO  virtually_RR  no_AT1  practical_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  self-expression_NN  ,_,  nationalist_JJ  movements_NNS  grew_VVD  inwards_RR  upon_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  territories_NNS  the_AT1  usual_JJ    African_JJ  national_JJ  congress_NN    existed_VVD  .  
  in_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  it_PPH1  had_VHD  sunk_VBN  into_IO  inactivity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  revived_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  against_IO  federation_NN  .  
  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  active_JJ  but_CCB  divided_JJ  ;_;  a_AT1  movement_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  congress_NN  President_NNSB1  ,_,  Harry_NP  Nkumbula_NP  ,_,  charged_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  softness_NN  and_CC  tolerance_NN  and_CC  in_IO  1958_MC  a_AT1  breakaway_JB  group_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  called_VBN  the_AT1    Zambia_NP  African_JJ  congress_NN    ,_,  led_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ex-schoolmaster_NN  Kenneth_NP  Kaunda_NP  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  national_JJ  independence_NN  party_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kaunda's_PPIO2  group_NN  promised_VVD  independence_NN  by_IO  October_NN1  1960_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  rash_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  potentialities_NNS  for_IO  conflict_NN  existed_VVD  in_IO  all_DB  three_MC  countries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Nyasaland_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  organization_NN  developed_VVD  its_APP$  greatest_JJT  energy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Nyasaland_NP  congress_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  formed_VBN  in_IO  1950_MC  ;_;  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  federation_NN  three_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  provided_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  its_APP$  raison_NN  d'e*?5tre_NN"  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  1958_MC  it_PPH1  received_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  genuine_JJ  leadership_NN  and_CC  stimulation_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  awaited_VBN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hastings_NP  Banda_NP  ,_,  after_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  homeland_NN  ,_,  returned_VVD  ,_,  bursting_VBG  with_IO  vigour_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  instantly_RR  elected_VBN  President_NNSB1  of_IO  Congress_NP  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  doctor_NN  in_IO  north_NN1  London_NP  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  combining_VBG  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  with_IO  political_JJ  campaigning_NN  for_IO  African_JJ  causes_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1958_MC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  sensationally_RR  triumphant_JJ  return_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  western_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  African_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  values_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  keen_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  organization_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  biting_JJ  oratorical_JJ  gift_NN  .  
  Hastings_NP  Banda_NP  had_VHD  something_PN1  messianic_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Nyasaland_NP  .  
  seven_MC  months_NNS  after_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda's_PPIO2  return_NN  the_AT1  first_MD  trouble_NN  came_VVD  .  
  fifteen_MC  Africans_NP2  were_VBDR  arrested_VBN  in_IO  February_NN1  1959_MC  for_IO  holding_VBG  an_AT1  unauthorized_JJ  meeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  province_NN  of_IO  Nyasaland_NP  .  
  the_AT1  jail_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  held_VBN  was_VBDZ  attacked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  furious_JJ  crowd_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  rescuing_VBG  them_PPHO1  ;_;  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  riots_NNS  at_RR  once_RR  broke_VVD  out_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  ,_,  and_CC  federal_JJ  soldiers_NNS  were_VBDR  flown_VBN  into_IO  Nyasaland_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  Rhodesias_NP2  to_TO  put_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  civil_JJ  disorder_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  clash_NN  that_PNQS followed_VVD  fifty_MC  Africans_NP2  were_VBDR  killed_VBN  .  
  trouble_NN  swiftly_RR  developed_VVD  into_IO  crisis_NN  .  
  in_IO  Nyasaland_NP  a_AT1  thousand_MC  congressmen_NNS  were_VBDR  arrested_VBN    including_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Armitage_NP  ,_,  let_VVD  it_PPH1  be_VB0  known_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  African_JJ  nationalists_NNS  had_VHD  prepared_VBN  a_AT1  plot_NN  to_TO  assassinate_VV0  the_AT1  white_JJ  population_NN  .  
  in_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  500_MC  more_DA  were_VBDR  detained_VBN  ;_;  in_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  thirty-eight_MC    Zambia_NP  congress_NN    leaders_NNS  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  with_IO  forming_VBG  a_AT1  murderous_JJ  society_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  Africans_NP2  from_IO  voting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  elections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  declared_VVD  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN  ,_,  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  pronounced_VVD  the_AT1  African_JJ  national_JJ  congress_NN  illegal_JJ  and_CC  legislated_VVD  for_IO  government_NN  powers_NNS  to_TO  detain_VV0  opponents_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  charge_NN  or_CC  trial_NN  ,_,  for_IO  up_RP  to_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  even_RR  South_NP  Africa_NP  had_VHD  up_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  no_AT1  legislation_NN  so_RG  drastic_JJ  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  issue_NN  forced_VVD  itself_PPX1  into_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  consciousness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  became_VVD  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  major_JJ  political_JJ  contention_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  grew_VVD  even_RR  more_RG  acute_JJ  when_CS a_AT1  four-man_JB  commission_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Justice_NNSB1  Devlin_NP  ,_,  sent_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  upheaval_NN  ,_,  produced_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  report_NN  which_DDQ  shocked_VVD  everyone_PN1    except_IO  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  later_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Devlin_NP  commission_NN  reported_VVD  a_AT1    deep_JJ  and_CC  bitter_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  separating_VBG  the_AT1  government_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  African_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  Nyasaland_NP  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  solid_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  profound_JJ  opposition_NN  to_IO  federation_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN  was_VBDZ  justified_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  added_VVD  ,_,    there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  of_IO  anything_PN1  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  a_AT1  plot_NN    .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  commission_NN  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  approved_VBN  any_DD  such_DA  policy_NN  of_IO  murder_NN  .  
    unnecessary_JJ  and_CC  illegal_JJ  force_NN    had_VHD  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  disturbances_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  alarming_JJ  phrase_NN  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  report_NN  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  territory_NN  of_IO  Nyasaland_NP  since_IO  the_AT1  declaration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  emergency_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN    a_AT1  police_NNS  state_NN    .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  furious_JJ  debate_NN  in_IO  parliament_NN  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  startled_VVD  the_AT1  opposition_NN  by_IO  blandly_RR  accepting_VBG  such_DA  parts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Devlin_NP  report_NN  that_PNQS appeared_VVD  to_TO  endorse_VV0  its_APP$  policy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  rejecting_VBG  all_DB  parts_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  critical_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lennox_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  allowed_VVD  the_AT1  storm_NN  to_TO  beat_VV0  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  remained_VVD  unchanged_JJ  ;_;  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  remained_VVD  in_IO  prison_NN  .  
  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,  aware_JJ  at_RR  last_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  potentialities_NNS  for_IO  danger_NN  in_IO  central_JJ  Africa_NP  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  view_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  federation_NN  with_IO  deep_JJ  uneasiness_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Roy_NP  Welensky_NP  continued_VVD  to_IO  prophecy_NN  with_IO  confidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  1960_MC  conference_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  future_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  would_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  even_RR  greater_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  clamant_JJ  element_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  Rhodesia_NP  settlers_NNS  ,_,  incensed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  growing_JJ  hostility_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  loudly_RR  of_IO  secession_NN  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  African_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Boston_NP  tea-party_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lennox_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  finally_RR  retired_VBN  from_IO  active_JJ  politics_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  brewing_NN  concern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  .  
  almost_RR  at_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  emerged_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  approach_NN  was_VBDZ  cautious_JJ  but_CCB  apparent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  round_IO  British_JJ  Africa_NP  ,_,  culminating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  startled_VVD  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  government_NN  by_IO  referring_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  apartheid_NN  policies_NNS  in_IO  fairly_RR  critical_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  spoke_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1    wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN    that_PNQS was_VBDZ  rising_VBG  throughout_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  continent_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  impassioned_JJ  denunciation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  more_DA  than_CS  any_DD  British_JJ  government_NN  spokesman_NN  had_VHD  done_VBN  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  markedly_RR  shifted_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  repressive_JJ  administrations_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  therefore_RR  when_CS the_AT1  new_JJ  colonial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  himself_PPX1  travelled_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  east_NN1  Africa_NP  to_TO  investigate_VV0  conditions_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  his_APP$  mission_NN  was_VBDZ  regarded_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  watchful_JJ  optimism_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  politicians_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  undisguised_JJ  hostility_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  right-wing_JB  settlers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  temperate_JJ  but_CCB  unmistakable_JJ  reorientation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  dependencies_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  realistic_JJ  conservative_JJ  adjustment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1    wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN  .    
  by_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  when_CS \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  was_VBDZ  released_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Nyasalanders'_NP2  determination_NN  was_VBDZ  absolute_JJ  :_:  to_TO  secede_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  ,_,  come_VV0  what_DDQ  may_VM  ,_,  and_CC  form_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  independent_JJ  nation_NN  under_IO  wholly_RR  African_JJ  control_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  spirit_NN  they_PPHS2  attended_VVD  the_AT1  1960_MC  conference_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  surprisingly_RR  cordial_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  agreement_NN  was_VBDZ  reached_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  constitution_NN  which_DDQ  although_CS  it_PPH1  fell_VVD  short_RR  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda's_PPIO2  desire_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  establish_VV0  an_AT1  African_JJ  majority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  and_CC  ministerial_JJ  rank_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  executive_JJ  council_NN  .  
  taking_VBG  their_APP$  cue_NN  from_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Nyasalanders_NP2  were_VBDR  unmoved_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  that_CS  a_AT1  poor_JJ  ,_,  resourceless_JJ  ,_,  landlocked_JJ  country_NN  like_IO  theirs_PP$  made_VVD  independence_NN  an_AT1  unreality_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda_NP  has_VHZ  talked_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  federation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  African_JJ  creation_NN    of_IO  associating_VBG  his_APP$  country_NN  with_IO  Tanganyika_NP  ,_,  or_CC  with_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  ethnically_RR  and_CC  politically_RR  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  much_DA  justification_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  two_MC  paradoxical_JJ  difficulties_NNS  arise_VV0  :_:  Tanganyika_NP  is_VBZ  too_RG  poor_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  is_VBZ  too_RG  rich_JJ  .  
  Tanganyika's_PPIO2  economic_JJ  difficulties_NNS  are_VBR  almost_RR  as_RG  great_JJ  as_IO  Nyasaland's_PPIO2  ,_,  while_CS  Northern_NP  Rhodesia's_PPIO2  copper_NN  interests_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  great_JJ  that_CS  its_APP$  Europeans_NP2  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  serious_JJ  lengths_NNS  to_TO  preserve_VV0  the_AT1  mines_NNS  from_IO  an_AT1  African_JJ  administration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  of_IO  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  have_VH0  nevertheless_RR  been_VBN  stimulated_VBN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Banda's_PPIO2  success_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  political_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  divided_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  Northern_NP  Rhodesians_NP2  are_VBR  between_IO  Harry_NP  Nkumbula's_PPIO2  government-tolerated_JJ  congress_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  intensely_RR  nationalist_JJ  Zambia_NP  group_NN  of_IO  Kenneth_NP  Kaunda_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  still_RR  have_VH0  far_RR  greater_JJ  strength_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  Africans_NP2  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  unlike_IO  their_APP$  colleagues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  permitted_VBN    indeed_RR  encouraged_VBN    to_TO  form_VV0  trades_NNS  unions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  continuous_JJ  opposition_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  labour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  industrial_JJ  organization_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  strongest_JJT  in_IO  African_JJ  Africa_NP  .  
  the_AT1  independence_NN  disasters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  had_VHD  their_APP$  immediate_JJ  and_CC  obvious_JJ  repercussions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Rhodesias_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  settler_NN  government_NN  of_IO  Southern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  ,_,  torn_VBN  between_IO  genuine_JJ  apprehension_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  violence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  nervous_JJ  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  demonstrable_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  tightening_VBG  legislation_NN  ,_,  reacted_VVD  abruptly_RR  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Edgar_NP  Whitehead_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  cabinet_NN  felt_VVD  above_IO  all_DB  things_NNS  the_AT1  necessity_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  elections_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  promised_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  spring_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  necessary_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  electorate_NN  its_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  clamp_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  upstart_NN  Africans_NP2  and_CC  prevent_VV0  any_DD  danger_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    Rhodesian_JJ  Congo_NP    .  
  the_AT1  opposition_NN  dominion_NN  party_NN  ,_,  predominantly_RR  white-supremacist_JB  ,_,  was_VBDZ  quick_JJ  to_TO  exploit_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  racial_JJ  fears_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  ,_,  stimulated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  panic-stories_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  refugees_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  counter_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  secession_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  force_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  into_IO  relinquishing_VBG  its_APP$  reverse_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  veto_NN    long-unused_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  the_AT1  Africans'_NP2  only_DA  protection_NN  against_IO  complete_JJ  settler_NN  rule_NN  .  
  the_AT1  so-called_JB  human_JJ  flea_NN  (_(  Pulex_&FW  irritans_&FW  )_)  is_VBZ  today_NN1  more_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  menace_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  formerly_RR  the_AT1  main_JB  carrier_NN  of_IO  plague_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  its_APP$  popular_JJ  name_NN  it_PPH1  associates_VBZ  more_RG  naturally_RR  with_IO  animals_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  fox_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  badger_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  live_VV0  in_IO  large_JJ  burrows_NNS  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  booklet_NN  ,_,  man_NN    evidently_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  suffer_VV0  from_IO  Pulex_&FW  irritans_&FW  until_CS  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  occupy_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  permanent_JJ  home_NN1  which_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN    and_CC  actually_RR  still_RR  is_VBZ    not_XX  altogether_RR  unlike_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  hole_NN    .  
  many_DA  architects_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  acquaintance_NN  would_VM  dissent_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  last_DA  view_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  remains_VBZ  that_CS  fleas_NNS  can_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  hazards_NNS  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  .  
  readers_NNS  with_IO  chronic_JJ  oblomovitis_NN  may_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  note_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  booklet's_NN1$  advice_NN  concerning_IO  the_AT1  odd_JJ  flea_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  encountered_VBN  in_IO  bed_NN  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  best-regulated_JJT  home_NN1    or_CC  hole_NN  .  
  this_DD1    may_VM  with_IO  some_DD  skill_NN  be_VB0  caught_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  flea_NN  tightly_RR  gripped_VBN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  dipped_VBN  under_IO  water_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  irritating_JJ  insect_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  easily_RR  killed_VBN    .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  animal_NN  at_IO  all_DB  likely_JJ  to_TO  disturb_VV0  the_AT1  pleasures_NNS  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  bed-bug_NN  ,_,  Cimex_&FW  lectularius_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  some_DD  would_VM  regard_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  unpleasant_JJ  household_NN  pest_NN  existing_VBG  in_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  bug_NN  was_VBDZ  bogy_NN  ,_,  hobgoblin_NN  ,_,  or_CC    terror_NN  by_IO  night_NN    ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Shakespeare_NP  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  renaissance_NN  writers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  naturalist_NN  Thomas_NP  Moufet_NP  mentions_VBZ  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  insectorum_&FW  sive_&FW  minimorum_&FW  animalium_&FW  theatrum_&FW  (_(  1634_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  contributions_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  early_JJ  entomological_JJ  compilation_NN  describes_VBZ  how_CS in_IO  1583_MC  two_MC  ladies_NNS  of_IO  noble_JJ  birth_NN  at_IO  Mortlake_NP  were_VBDR  much_RR  distressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  insects_NNS  .  
  John_NP  Southall_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  treatise_NN  of_IO  buggs_NNS  ,_,  published_VBN  in_IO  1730_MC  ,_,  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  creatures_NNS  had_VHD  increased_VBN  greatly_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  sixty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  place_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed-bug_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  should_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  louse_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  a_AT1  picturesque_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  popular_JJ  names_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  include_VV0  the_AT1    mahogany_NN  flat_NN    (_(  from_IO  its_APP$  colour_NN  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1    Norfolk_NP  Howard_NP    ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1    B_ZZ1  flat_NN      the_AT1  last_DA  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bug_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  to_IO  any_DD  special_JJ  musical_JJ  ability_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  noticed_VBN  to_TO  possess_VV0  .  
  another_DD1  graphic_JJ  name_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1    red_JJ  army_NN    ,_,  strictly_RR  non-political_JJ  in_IO  origin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  bug's_NN1$  tendency_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  deep_JJ  purple_JJ  or_CC  dark_JJ  red_JJ  when_CS gorged_VBN  with_IO  human_JJ  blood_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  external_JJ  causes_NNS  that_PNQS may_VM  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  .  
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  attempted_VBN  to_TO  relax_VV0  when_CS in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  nervous_JJ  anxiety_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  familiar_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  commonly_RR  known_VBN  as_IO    jittery_JJ  legs_NNS    .  
  although_CS  fully_RR  extended_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  horizontal_JJ  position_NN  the_AT1  body_NN  feels_VBZ  tense_JJ  and_CC  unrelaxed_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  conscious_JJ  effort_NN  of_IO  will_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  legs_NNS  still_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  keyed-up_JB  feeling_NN  which_DDQ  pervades_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  body_NN  may_VM  even_RR  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  severe_JJ  physical_JJ  pain_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  condition_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  acute_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  legs_NNS  twitch_VV0  and_CC  jerk_VV0  quite_RR  involuntarily_RR  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  patient_NN  may_VM  feel_VV0  so_RG  uncomfortable_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  send_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  aspirin_NN  or_CC  some_DD  other_DA  mild_JJ  sedative_NN  usually_RR  suffices_VBZ  to_TO  relax_VV0  the_AT1  tension_NN  .  
  another_DD1  disagreeable_JJ  accompaniment_NN  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  condition_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  pruritus_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  expresses_VBZ  itself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  severe_JJ  itching_NN  sensation_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  has_VHZ  heated_VBN  the_AT1  bedclothes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  prevalent_JJ  among_IO  elderly_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  can_VM  be_VB0  alleviated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  ointments_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  medical_JJ  prescription_NN  .  
  hay_NN  fever_NN  and_CC  other_DA  allergies_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  either_LE  to_IO  feathers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pillow_NN  or_CC  mattress_NN  or_CC  (_(  less_RG  commonly_RR  recognized_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  cause_NN  )_)  an_AT1  accumulation_NN  of_IO  woolly_JJ  dust_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  irritants_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  dust_NN  under_IO  beds_NNS  may_VM  sometimes_RR  be_VB0  so_RG  powerful_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  bed's_NN1$  occupant_NN  may_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  afflicted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  chronic_JJ  cold_NN  .  
  these_DD2  and_CC  other_DA  effects_NNS  of_IO  bedding_NN  on_IO  health_NN  were_VBDR  recognized_VBN  as_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  eighteen-eighties_MC2  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  to_TO  stuff_VV0  pillows_NNS  and_CC  mattresses_NNS  with_IO  pine-shavings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  would_VM  alleviate_VV0  lung_NN  and_CC  bronchial_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  consequences_NNS  sometimes_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  many_DA  people_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  deterred_VBN  from_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  bed_NN  quite_RR  voluntarily_RR  for_IO  very_RG  long_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  writers_NNS  knows_VBZ  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS retired_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  nearly_RR  ten_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  never_RR  stirred_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  since_II  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  cited_VBN  by_IO  Reynolds_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Frenchman_NN1  ,_,  Raoul_NP  Duval_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  in_IO  Abbeville_NP  in_IO  1928_MC  and_CC  remained_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  eighteen_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO    see_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  talk_VV0  nor_CC  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1    ,_,  an_AT1  ambition_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  abruptly_RR  shattered_VBN  in_IO  1940_MC  when_CS the_AT1  town_NN  was_VBDZ  heavily_RR  dive-bombed_VBN  .  
  as_CS  Reynolds_NP  remarks_VBZ  ,_,  if_CS  Duval_NP  really_RR  did_VDD  stay_VV0  in_IO  bed_NN  throughout_IO  this_DD1  ordeal_NN  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  quite_RR  exceptional_JJ  conscientiousness_NN  and_CC  determination_NN  .  
  another_DD1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  prolonged_JJ  voluntary_JJ  stay_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  began_VVD  in_IO  1875_MC  when_CS a_AT1  Spanish_JJ  doctor_NN  in_IO  Galicia_NP  ,_,  being_VBG  tired_JJ  of_IO  visiting_VBG  reclining_JJ  patients_NNS  ,_,  eventually_RR  decided_VBN  to_TO  follow_VV0  their_APP$  example_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  retired_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  house_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  for_IO  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  seeing_VBG  only_RR  those_DD2  patients_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  well_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  both_DB2  of_IO  these_DD2  picturesque_JJ  tales_NNS  originated_VVD  in_IO  newspaper_NN  reports_NNS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  ill-advised_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  too_RG  seriously_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  conclude_VV0  this_DD1  chapter_NN  with_IO  two_MC  further_JB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  bed_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  is_VBZ  sound_JJ  historical_JJ  evidence_NN  :_:  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  cases_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  retiring_VBG  to_IO  their_APP$  beds_NNS  for_IO  certain_JJ  special_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  often_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  some_DD  superstitious_JJ  or_CC  ritualistic_JJ  belief_NN  .  
  the_AT1  couvade_&FW  is_VBZ  one_MC1  example_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  and_CC  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  are_VBR  others_DA2  ,_,  although_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  used_VBN  for_IO  quite_RR  different_JJ  reasons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  is_VBZ  the_AT1  older_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  defined_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  custom_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  king_NN  ,_,  dictator_NN  ,_,  high_JJ  priest_NN  ,_,  or_CC  other_DA  person_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  authority_NN  issuing_VBG  edicts_NNS  and_CC  judgements_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  formal_JJ  assembly_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  subordinates_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bed_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  ,_,  nor_CC  even_RR  normally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  usually_RR  sleeps_VBZ  in_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  resembles_VBZ  rather_RR  a_AT1  ceremonial_JJ  couch_NN  ,_,  elaborate_JJ  in_IO  design_NN  and_CC  ornamentation_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  in_IO  some_DD  important_JJ  place_NN  of_IO  assembly_NN  .  
  (_(  see_VV0  plate_NN  55_MC  .  )_)  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  dates_VBZ  from_IO  medieval_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  institution_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  much_RR  older_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  fragments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  historian_NN  Phylarchus_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS flourished_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  century_NN  \0B.C_RR  we_PPIS2  may_VM  read_VV0  how_CS Alexander_NP  the_AT1  Great_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  recline_VV0  and_CC  transact_VV0  business_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  golden_JJ  bed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  tent_NN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  troops_NNS  and_CC  attendants_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  two_MC  thousand_MC  or_CC  more_DA  drawn_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  order_NN  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Roman_JJ  emperors_NNS  and_CC  high_JJ  officials_NNS  also_RR  gave_VVD  audience_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  position_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  and_CC  tribal_JJ  chiefs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Neolithic_JJ  age_NN  and_CC  even_RR  before_II  .  
  Henry_NP  Havard_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  volume_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dictionnaire_&FW  de_&FW  l'ameublement_&FW  et_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  de*?2coration_&FW  (_(  1887-90_MC-MC  )_)  gives_VBZ  numerous_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  in_IO  later_JJ  historical_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  onwards_RR  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  throne_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  the_AT1  proper_JJ  place_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  installation_NN  of_IO  royalty_NN  at_IO  public_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  century_NN  when_CS the_AT1  French_JJ  king_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  parliament_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  recline_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  bed_NN  raised_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  dais_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dais_NN  was_VBDZ  approached_VBN  by_IO  seven_MC  steps_NNS  ,_,  carpeted_VBN  in_IO  blue_JJ  velvet_NN  embroidered_VBN  with_IO  golden_JJ  fleurs-de-lis_NNS  .  
  around_IO  the_AT1  dais_NN  were_VBDR  his_APP$  subordinates_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  rank_NN  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  house_NN  were_VBDR  seated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  nobles_NNS  stood_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  lesser_JJ  nobles_NNS  knelt_VVD  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  commoners_NNS  having_VHG  been_VBN  in_IO  attendance_NN  on_IO  such_DA  august_JJ  occasions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  must_VM  presumably_RR  have_VH0  grovelled_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  the_AT1  prerogative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  justice_&FW  was_VBDZ  restricted_VBN  to_IO  royal_JJ  personages_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  idea_NN  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  so_RG  attractive_JJ  ,_,  allowing_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  ease_NN  and_CC  authority_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  began_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  widely_RR  adopted_VBN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ceremonial_JJ  bed_NN  ,_,  or_CC  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  ,_,  became_VVD  an_AT1  accepted_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  from_IO  early_JJ  renaissance_NN  times_NNS  until_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  revolution_NN  .  
  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  social_JJ  status_NN  permitted_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  receive_VV0  visitors_NNS  without_IO  the_AT1  customary_JJ  courtesy_NN  of_IO  standing_VBG  up_RP  were_VBDR  not_XX  slow_JJ  to_TO  exploit_VV0  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  horizontality_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  social_JJ  contacts_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  conferred_VVD  a_AT1  subtle_JJ  but_CCB  undeniable_JJ  prestige_NN  ,_,  and_CC  paradoxically_RR  suggested_VVD  a_AT1  superiority_NN  of_IO  stature_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  often_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  far_RR  less_RG  apparent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  position_NN  .  
  nobles_NNS  and_CC  others_DA2  whose_PNQV$  status_NN  is_VBZ  dependent_JJ  on_IO  hereditary_JJ  privilege_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  personal_JJ  merit_NN  were_VBDR  among_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  swiftly_RR  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  fry_NNS  who_PNQS saw_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  an_AT1  easy_JJ  and_CC  comfortable_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  their_APP$  social_JJ  superiority_NN  .  
  women_NNS  were_VBDR  early_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  became_VVD  the_AT1  practice_NN  for_IO  any_DD  woman_NN  who_PNQS felt_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  receive_VV0  the_AT1  consolation_NN  or_CC  congratulation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  friends_NNS  in_IO  bed_NN  on_IO  occasions_NNS  which_DDQ  ranged_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  husband_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  favourite_JB  niece_NN  .  
  duchesses_NNS  and_CC  courtesans_NNS  could_VM  insist_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  as_IO  a_AT1  right_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  riches_NNS  ,_,  social_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  or_CC  physical_JJ  attraction_NN  ;_;  humbler_JJ  personages_NNS  enjoyed_VVD  it_PPH1  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  conferred_VVD  on_IO  them_PPHO1  an_AT1  unaccustomed_JJ  prestige_NN  .  
  ceremonial_JJ  lyings-in_NNS  after_IO  childbirth_NN  were_VBDR  nevertheless_RR  attended_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ritual_JB  .  
  guests_NNS  were_VBDR  expected_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  mother_NN  gifts_NNS  commensurate_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  achievement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dances_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  entertainments_NNS  were_VBDR  arranged_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  benefit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  also_RR  provided_VVD  women_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  excuse_NN  to_TO  indulge_VV0  the_AT1  extravagance_NN  so_RG  characteristic_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  sex_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  wear_VV0  the_AT1  richest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  seductive_JJ  garments_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  deck_VV0  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  with_IO  expensive_JJ  silk_NN  and_CC  satin_NN  hangings_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  letter_NN  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  tells_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Salisbury_NP    was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  bed_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  daughter_NN  and_CC  lyes_VBZ  in_RP  very_RG  richly_RR  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  hanging_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  chamber_NN  .  is_VBZ  valued_VBN  at_IO  fourteen_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS    .  
  unchivalrously_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  husbands_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  provide_VV0  such_DA  innocent_JJ  indulgences_NNS  eventually_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  count_VV0  the_AT1  cost_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  countries_NNS  legislation_NN  was_VBDZ  passed_VBN  prohibiting_VBG  any_DD  excessive_JJ  ostentation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  .  
  in_IO  Milan_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  women_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  allowed_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  counterpanes_NNS  of_IO  embroidered_JJ  silk_NN  ,_,  or_CC  stitched_VBN  with_IO  gold_NN  or_CC  silver_NN  thread_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  to_TO  wear_VV0  silk_NN  camisoles_NNS  when_CS receiving_VBG  callers_NNS  .  
  Roger_NP  de_&FW  Fe*?2lice_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  French_JJ  furniture_NN  under_IO  Louis_NP  15_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  some_DD  interesting_JJ  observations_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  practised_VBN  by_IO  ladies_NNS  of_IO  rank_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  :_:  
    long_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Madame_NNSB1  Re*?2camier_NP  the_AT1  indolent_JJ  belles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  were_VBDR  fond_JJ  of_IO  receiving_VBG  en_&FW  de*?2shabille*?2_&FW  ,_,  reclining_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$    turquoises_&FW    or_CC    duchesses_&FW    ;_;  for_CS  languishing_JJ  beauty_NN  with_IO  weary_JJ  attitudes_NNS  already_RR  existed_VVD  ,_,  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  sparkling_JJ  and_CC  mutinous_JJ  beauty_NN  :_:  but_CCB  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  strange_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  so_RG  much_DA  licence_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  ladies_NNS  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  showing_VBG  their_APP$  bare_JJ  feet_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  expected_VBN  to_TO  conceal_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  coverlet_NN  of_IO  embroidered_JJ  silk_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  concession_NN  to_IO  decency_NN  .    
  the_AT1  final_JJ  exploitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lit_&FW  de_&FW  parade_&FW  by_IO  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  women_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  lying_VBG  in_IO  state_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  records_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  custom_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  example_NN  must_VM  suffice_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Burgundy_NP  ,_,  wife_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dauphin_&FW  of_IO  France_NP  in_IO  1712_MC  and_CC  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  Havard_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  Journal_&FW  de_&FW  Dangeau_&FW  .  
  on_IO  February_NN1  12th_MD  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  Madame_&FW  la_&FW  Dauphine_&FW  lay_VVD  all_DB  day_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  bed_NN  at_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  uncovered_JJ  and_CC  her_APP$  hands_NNS  lay_VVD  above_IO  the_AT1  bedclothes_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  evening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  ladies_NNS  in_IO  waiting_NN  (_(    une_&FW  obligation_&FW  de_&FW  leur_&FW  charge_&FW    )_)  a_AT1  post_NN  mortem_NN"  was_VBDZ  performed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  cause_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  death_NN  .  
  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  a_AT1  contemporary_JJ  philosopher_NN  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  ;_;  nothing_PN1  an_AT1  American_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  ;_;  nothing_PN1  an_AT1  Italian_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  sing_VV0  ;_;  no_AT1  music_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Frenchman_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  dance_VV0  ;_;  nothing_PN1  the_AT1  German_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  covet_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  nothing_PN1  the_AT1  Chinese_NN1  would_VM  not_XX  eat_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  our_APP$  purpose_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  this_DD1  dictum_NN  .  
  suffice_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_DD1  few_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   stop_VV0  to_TO  marvel_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  civilisation_NN  which_DDQ  allows_VBZ  a_AT1  dish_NN  borrowed_VBN  straight_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  prehistoric_JJ  .  
  how_CS many_DA  centuries_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  cave_NN  or_CC  hilly_JJ  hide_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  our_APP$  forebears_NNS  home_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  chase_NN  hold_VV0  forth_RP  from_IO  a_AT1  spear_NN  the_AT1  welcome_JJ  gobbet_NN  of_IO  meat_NN  or_CC  fish_NN  burnt_VBN  and_CC  roasted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  homely_JJ  and_CC  protecting_JJ  flame_NN  .  
  how_CS many_DA  centuries_NNS  later_RRR  did_VDD  the_AT1  mercenary_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  wars_NNS  thus_RR  impale_VV0  on_IO  pike_NN  or_CC  lance_NN  his_APP$  evening_NN  meal_NN  .  
  later_RRR  came_VVD  the_AT1  thrifty_JJ  peasant_NN  ,_,  later_RRR  still_RR  the_AT1  young_JJ  Victorian_JJ  buck_NN  adventuring_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  later_RRR  our_APP$  attractive_JJ  young_JJ  ladies_NNS  toying_VBG  with_IO  these_DD2  primitive_JJ  morsels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  gleam_NN  and_CC  glitter_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  latter-day_JB  restaurants_NNS  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  certain_JJ  dishes_NNS  and_CC  modes_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  have_VH0  persisted_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  motive_NN  that_PNQS preserved_VVD  them_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  nourishment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  instinct_NN  of_IO  hospitality_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  strong_JJ  in_IO  mankind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sharing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  earliest_JJT  dangerous_JJ  days_NNS  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  admittance_NN  into_IO  an_AT1  acquaintanceship_NN  far_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  casual_JJ  meetings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  day_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  share_VV0  something_PN1  more_RG  intimate_JJ  than_IO  mere_JB  converse_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  good_JJ  food_NN  offers_VBZ  a_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  entertainment_NN  almost_RR  unlimited_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  variety_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  presentation_NN  affords_VBZ  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  showing_VBG  a_AT1  guest_NN  something_PN1  of_IO  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  an_AT1  amazing_JJ  epoch_NN  of_IO  grossness_NN  and_CC  delicacy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  far_JJ  enough_RGA  cry_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  primitive_JJ  meal-times_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  simpler_JJ  world_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  banquets_NNS  of_IO  later_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  table_NN  groaned_VVD  under_IO  its_APP$  load_NN  of_IO  complicated_JJ  dishes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  blossoming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  around_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  diners_NNS  were_VBDR  little_RR  removed_VBN  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  fingers_NNS  before_IO  forks_NNS    from_IO  their_APP$  prototype_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hungry_JJ  hunter_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  spice_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  orgy_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  Roman_JJ  feasts_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  peacocks_NNS  and_CC  nightingales'_NN2  tongues_NNS  ;_;  unreasonable_JJ  surfeit_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  elaborate_JJ  fashion_NN  of_IO  eating_NN  brought_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  Italy_NP  into_IO  France_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  Catherine_NP  de_&FW  Medici_NP  .  
  the_AT1  peasant_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  ate_VVD  sparingly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  generously_RR  enough_RGA  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  fashion_NN  ,_,  save_CS  at_IO  feast_NN  times_NNS  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  let_VVD  himself_PPX1  go_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  his_APP$  simpler_JJ  food_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  later_JJ  renaissance_NN  of_IO  cooking_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  epicures_NNS  and_CC  gourmands_NNS  ,_,  sated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  unending_JJ  procession_NN  of_IO  dishes_NNS  from_IO  those_DD2  mammoth_NN  kitchens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN    that_DD1  amazing_JJ  epoch_NN  of_IO  grossness_NN  and_CC  delicacy_NN    sought_VVD  inspiration_NN  at_RR  last_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  gorging_VBG  the_AT1  eye_NN  with_IO  magnitude_NN  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  intelligent_JJ  selection_NN  and_CC  comparative_JJ  simplicity_NN  ,_,  though_CS  nowadays_RR  their_APP$  simplified_JJ  meals_NNS  would_VM  seem_VV0  quite_RR  monstrous_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fleshpots_NNS  of_IO  Egypt_NP  for_IO  which_DDQ  Israel_NP  sighed_VVD  .  
  does_VBZ  one_MC1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  know_VV0  who_PNQS  first_RR  thought_VVD  of_IO  boiling_VBG  water_NN  and_CC  food_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Britons_NP2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  used_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  water_NN  hot_JJ  by_IO  dropping_VBG  a_AT1  red-hot_JJ  poker_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  because_CS  their_APP$  pots_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  fire_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  Jacob_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  one_MC1  that_PNQS would_VM  ,_,  because_CS  Esau_NP  sold_VVD  his_APP$  birthright_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  mess_NN  of_IO  pottage_NN    and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  fleshpots_NNS  of_IO  Egypt_NP  after_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Israelites_NP2  sighed_VVD  .  
  anyhow_RR  ,_,  Homer_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  known_VBN  any_DD  way_NN  of_IO  cooking_VBG  meat_NN  except_CS  by_IO  roasting_NN  and_CC  boiling_NN  .  
  when_CS Achilles_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  royal_JJ  feast_NN  the_AT1  principal_JB  dish_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  grill_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  cooked_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  how_CS to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  :_:    *"_*'  
  when_CS the_AT1  languid_JJ  flames_NNS  at_RR  length_RR  subside_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  throws_VBZ  a_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  glowing_JJ  embers_NNS  wide_RR  ;_;  above_IO  the_AT1  coals_NNS  the_AT1  smoking_JJ  fragment_NN  turns_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  sprinkles_VBZ  sacred_JJ  salt_NN  from_IO  lifted_JJ  urns_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  when_CS ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Greeks_NP2  did_VDD  learn_VV0  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  fireproof_JJ  earthenware_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Egyptians_NP2  ,_,  their_APP$  cookery_NN  made_VVD  rapid_JJ  progress_NN  ,_,  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  men_NNS  of_IO  taste_NN  and_CC  intellect_NN  .  
  richly-distilled_JJ  perfumes_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  aid_NN  to_IO  digestion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  peculiarity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  banquets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  world_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  confine_VV0  the_AT1  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  gratification_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  sense_NN  alone_RR  .  
  having_VHG  exhausted_VBN  their_APP$  invention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  stimulants_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  palate_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  broke_VVD  fresh_JJ  ground_NN  and_CC  called_VVD  another_DD1  sense_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  aid_NN  .  
  by_IO  delicate_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  odours_NNS  and_CC  richly-distilled_JJ  perfumes_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  refined_JJ  voluptuaries_NNS  aroused_VVD  the_AT1  fainting_JJ  appetite_NN  and_CC  added_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  exquisite_JJ  and_CC  ethereal_JJ  enjoyment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  grosser_JJ  pleasures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gratification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  smelling_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  no_AT1  little_DA  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  .  
  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  flowers_NNS  as_CS  forming_VBG  a_AT1  very_RG  essential_JJ  article_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  festal_JJ  preparations_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  Bassius_NP  that_CS  at_IO  their_APP$  desserts_NNS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  far_RR  exceeded_VVD  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  fruits_NNS  .  
  when_CS Nero_NP  supped_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  golden_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  mingled_JJ  shower_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  and_CC  odorous_JJ  essences_NNS  fell_VVD  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  recreations_NNS  of_IO  Heliogabalus_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  smother_VV0  his_APP$  courtiers_NNS  with_IO  flowers_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  entirely_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  luxury_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ancients_NNS  made_VVD  use_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  considered_VBN  to_TO  possess_VV0  sanative_JJ  and_CC  medicinal_JJ  qualities_NNS  .  
  according_IO  to_II  Pliny_NP  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  ,_,  certain_JJ  herbs_NNS  and_CC  flowers_NNS  proved_VVD  of_IO  sovereign_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  preventing_VBG  the_AT1  approaches_NNS  of_IO  ebriety_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  Bassius_NP  less_RG  clearly_RR  expresses_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  in_IO  clarifying_VBG  the_AT1  functions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  queer_JJ  dinners_NNS  of_IO  strange_JJ  lands_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  new_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  regarding_IO  foodstuffs_NNS  the_AT1  traveller_NN  occasionally_RR  encounters_VBZ  a_AT1  certain_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  novelty_NN  .  
  in_IO  China_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  dried_JJ  rats_NNS  are_VBR  esteemed_VBN  a_AT1  delicacy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  visitor_NN  is_VBZ  told_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  restore_VV0  the_AT1  hair_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bald_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  a_AT1  stewed_JJ  black_JJ  rat_NN  will_VM  ward_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  fever_NN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  newly-born_JB  white_JJ  mice_NNS  served_VBN  alive_JJ  ,_,  dipped_VBN  in_IO  treacle_NN  and_CC  swallowed_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  prairie_NN  oyster_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  natives_NNS  of_IO  northern_JJ  Australia_NP  lizards_NNS  roasted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  spear_NN  are_VBR  definitely_RR  a_AT1  delicacy_NN  while_CS  Mediterranean_NP  peoples_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  high_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  octopus_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  article_NN  of_IO  diet_NN  .  
  so_PN1  have_VH0  the_AT1  Japanese_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  celestials_NNS  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  eating_VBG  it_PPH1  fresh_JJ  ,_,  squash_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  press_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  dry_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  form_NN  ,_,  dusted_VBN  over_RP  with_IO  flour_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  stack_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  provision_NN  shop_NN  .  
  bats_NNS  are_VBR  eagerly_RR  eaten_VBN  in_IO  Dahomey_NP  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Polynesian_JJ  islands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  archipelago_NN  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  .  
  badger_NN  hams_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  delicacy_NN  in_IO  China_NP  while_CS  mole_NN  is_VBZ  eaten_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  taste_NN  and_CC  temperament_NN  in_IO  curiosities_NNS  of_IO  diet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  saying_NN  ,_,      one_MC1  man's_NN1$  meat_NN  is_VBZ  another_DD1  man's_NN1$  poison_NN    ,_,  therefore_RR  possesses_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  truth_NN  .  
  taste_NN  and_CC  temperament_NN  in_IO  fact_NN  play_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  instances_NNS  of_IO  eccentricity_NN  in_IO  diet_NN  and_CC  dishes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  everything_PN1  else_RR  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  mankind_NN  has_VHZ  tried_VBN  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  from_IO  roots_NNS  to_IO  bird's_NN1$  nests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  snails_NNS  to_IO  elephant's_NN1$  feet_NNS  or_CC  walrus_NN  blubber_NN  .  
  though_CS  English_JJ  folk_NNS  to-day_NN1  enjoy_VV0  shrimps_NNS  and_CC  eat_VV0  periwinkles_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  pin_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  shudder_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Frenchman_NN1  who_PNQS relishes_VBZ  snails_NNS  and_CC  frogs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  West_NP  Indian_JJ  negro_NN  refuses_VBZ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  stewed_JJ  rabbit_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  will_VM  eat_VV0  palm_NN  worms_NNS  fried_VBN  in_IO  oils_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  fond_JJ  of_IO  baked_JJ  snakes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Brazil_NP  and_CC  Siam_NP  the_AT1  natives_NNS  eat_VV0  ants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  entrails_NNS  of_IO  animals_NNS  are_VBR  relished_VBN  in_IO  Salonica_NP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  eaten_VBN  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Italian_NN1  eats_VBZ  his_APP$  macaroni_NN  .  
  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lambs_NNS  are_VBR  considered_VBN  great_JJ  delicacies_NNS  and_CC  go_VV0  first_RR  .  
  when_CS roasted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  unbounded_JJ  joy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  native_NN  cracking_VBG  the_AT1  skull_NN  and_CC  picking_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  tasty_JJ  bits_NNS  is_VBZ  nauseating_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  extreme_NN  .  
  Siberian_JJ  peasants_NNS  view_VV0  with_IO  disgust_NN  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  eating_VBG  hare_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  West_NP  Indian_JJ  natives_NNS  who_PNQS declare_VV0  that_CS  no_AT1  food_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  comes_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  fricassee_NN  of_IO  rats_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  fattened_VBN  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  sugar-cane_NN  plantations_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  to_IO  his_APP$  taste_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  policy_NN  to_TO  pursue_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  foods_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  ought_VM  to_TO  increase_VV0  international_JJ  tolerance_NN  .  
  national_JJ  foods_NNS  which_DDQ  affect_VV0  the_AT1  temperament_NN  .  
  foodlore_NN  reflects_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  of_IO  national_JJ  temperament_NN  than_CS  is_VBZ  customarily_RR  imagined_VBN  as_IO  well_II  as_II  entering_VBG  human_JJ  activities_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  greater_JJ  extent_NN  than_CS  is_VBZ  usually_RR  assumed_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  naturally_RR  can_VM  not_XX  overlook_VV0  that_CS  Magyar_NP  cookery_NN  owes_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  classic_JJ  features_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Turkish_JJ  rule_NN  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Hungarians_NP2  groaned_VVD  for_IO  nearly_RR  200_MC  years_NNS  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  country_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  a_AT1  battlefield_NN  red_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  shed_VBN  to_TO  defend_VV0  Christian_JJ  civilisation_NN  ,_,  Hungary_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  deprived_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  condiment_NN  which_DDQ  provides_VBZ  many_DA  Magyar_NP  dishes_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  vivid_JJ  and_CC  brilliant_JJ  scarlet_JJ  hue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Austrian_JJ  cuisine_NN  embraces_VBZ  the_AT1  delectable_JJ  Wiener_NP  Schnitzel_NP  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  dishes_NNS  and_CC  stews_NNS  heightened_VBN  with_IO  aromatics_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  paprika_NN  insinuates_VBZ  its_APP$  perfidious_JJ  fire_NN  ,_,  aerian_JJ  creams_NNS  ,_,  ingenious_JJ  pastries_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  crescent-shaped_JJ  breakfast_NN  roll_NN  created_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  pastry_NN  cook_NN  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  the_AT1  victory_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Turks_NP2  in_IO  1683_MC  .  
  Spanish_JJ  cookery_NN  is_VBZ  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  bull-fights_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  Spanish_JJ  dancing_NN  and_CC  of_IO  Goja_NP  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  vivid_JJ  ,_,  highly_RR  coloured_JJ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  quixotic_JJ  and_CC  withal_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  sombre_JJ  ardour_NN  ,_,  with_IO  streaks_NNS  of_IO  poetry_NN  ,_,  meat_NN  disguised_VBN  under_IO  heavy_JJ  and_CC  vehement_JJ  sauces_NNS  ,_,  pimentos_NNS  and_CC  rancid_JJ  butter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Czechoslovak_JJ  kitchen_NN  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  so_RG  languorous_JJ  ,_,  so_RG  passionate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  possibly_RR  comparable_JJ  alone_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  gypsy_NN  melody_NN  .  
  the_AT1  paprika_NN  and_CC  caraway_NN  perfume_VV0  the_AT1  meats_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  antithesis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  opulent_JJ  varieties_NNS  of_IO  Czechoslovak_JJ  pastries_NNS  recall_VV0  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  rich_JJ  heritage_NN  of_IO  rich_JJ  embroideries_NNS  and_CC  costumes_NNS  specifically_RR  national_JJ  .  
  art_NN  and_CC  science_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  :_:  
  the_AT1  art_NN  and_CC  science_NN  of_IO  cookery_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  French_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  run_VBN  across_RP  anyone_PN1  in_IO  Gaul_NP  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  glutton_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  positively_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  equally_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  one_MC1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  an_AT1  epicure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  have_VH0  an_AT1  inborn_JJ  appreciation_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  food_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  gusto_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  derive_VV0  from_IO  gastronomy_NN  is_VBZ  intellectual_JJ  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  physical_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  finesse_NN  about_IO  their_APP$  feeding_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  subtle_JJ  delicacy_NN  of_IO  touch_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  unfailing_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  proportion_NN  as_CS  exists_VBZ  among_IO  her_APP$  writers_NNS  ,_,  music_NN  composers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  exponents_NNS  of_IO  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  typically_RR  French_JJ  .  
  the_AT1    pot-au-feu_&FW    is_VBZ  as_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  national_JJ  institution_NN  in_IO  France_NP  as_CS  is_VBZ  tea_NN  drinking_NN  among_IO  ourselves_PPX2  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  bourgeois_JJ  household_NN  .  
  Thackeray_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  waxed_VVD  enthusiastic_JJ  about_IO  bouillabaisse_NN  and_CC  sang_VVD    *"_*'  
  this_DD1  bouillabaisse_NN  a_AT1  noble_JJ  dish_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  soup_NN  ,_,  or_CC  broth_NN  ,_,  or_CC  brew_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  hotch-potch_NN  of_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  fishes_NNS  that_PNQS Greenwich_NP  never_RR  could_VM  outdo_VV0  ;_;  green_JJ  herbs_NNS  ,_,  red_JJ  peppers_NNS  ,_,  mussels_NNS  ,_,  saffron_NN  ,_,  soles_NNS  ,_,  onions_NNS  ,_,  garlic_NN  ,_,  roach_NN  and_CC  dace_NN  .  **"_**'  
  genius_NN  &_CC  food_NN    food_NN  for_IO  thought_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  study_NN  also_RR  opens_VBZ  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  dietary_NN  welcomed_VBN  by_IO  men_NNS  of_IO  genius_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  foods_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  an_AT1  aversion_NN  .  
  Shelley_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  great_JJ  contempt_NN  for_IO  animal_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  believing_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  impaired_VVD  the_AT1  intellectual_JJ  faculties_NNS  .  
  Bunyan's_PPIO2  breakfast_NN  and_CC  supper_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  coarse_JJ  bread_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  bowl_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  .  
  Dante_NP  Gabriel_NP  Rossetti_NP  had_VHD  simple_JJ  tastes_NNS  in_IO  food_NN  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  dinner_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  blind_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  charms_NNS  of_IO  turbot_NN  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  much_RR  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  dish_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  served_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  cloth_NN  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  marks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  without_IO  going_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  formality_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  his_APP$  turbot_NN  removed_VBN  first_RR  .  
  Wagner_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  highly_RR  practical_JJ  feeder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ate_VVD  very_RG  fast_RR  ,_,  placing_VBG  his_APP$  food_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  and_CC  gulping_VBG  it_PPH1  down_RP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  talked_VVD  .  
  Brigham_NP  Young_NP  would_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  dinner_NN  on_IO  tripe_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  washed_VVD  down_RP  with_IO  beer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  writer_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  dinner_NN  with_IO  Dickens_NP  says_VBZ  the_AT1  menu_NN  was_VBDZ  Whitstable_NP  oysters_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  brown_JJ  sole_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  baked_JJ  leg_NN  of_IO  mutton_NN  with_IO  oyster_NN  &_CC  veal_NN  stuffing_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  gin_NN  punch_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  man_NN  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  Carlyle_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  mentioning_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  dined_VBN  with_IO  Longfellow_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  sage_NN  a_AT1  very_RG  funny_JJ  story_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  Carlyle_NP  absolutely_RR  laugh_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  Chelsea_NP  philosopher_NN  did_VDD  in_IO  return_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  ask_VV0  if_CS  his_APP$  guest_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  living_VBG  alone_JJ  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  pages_NNS  about_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  lady_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  true_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  women_NNS  and_CC  young_JJ  girls_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  many_DA  young_JJ  women_NNS  leave_VV0  the_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parental_JJ  home_NN1  long_RR  before_CS  they_PPHS2  acquire_VV0  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  married_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  rules_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  guidance_NN  are_VBR  most_RG  necessary_JJ  .  
  girls_NNS  in_IO  jobs_NNS  living_VBG  in_IO  bachelor_NN  digs_NNS  ,_,  girl_NN  students_NNS  in_IO  towns_NNS  distant_JJ  from_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  ,_,  girls_NNS  travelling_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  alone_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  ,_,  may_VM  seem_VV0  and_CC  indeed_RR  be_VB0  emancipated_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  released_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  rules_NNS  of_IO  good_JJ  behaviour_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  wise_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  observe_VV0  such_DA  rules_NNS  even_RR  more_RG  carefully_RR  ,_,  inasmuch_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  judged_VBN  entirely_RR  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  behaviour_NN  and_CC  deportment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  on_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  backgrounds_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  social_JJ  standing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  questions_NNS  of_IO  morals_NNS  but_CCB  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  guide_NN  to_IO  behaviour_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  not_XX  cause_VV0  eyebrows_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  raised_VBN  .  
  however_CS innocent_JJ  her_APP$  morals_NNS  in_IO  actual_JJ  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  whose_PNQV$  behaviour_NN  departs_VBZ  widely_RR  from_IO  accepted_JJ  contemporary_JJ  standards_NNS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  heads_NNS  to_TO  shake_VV0  ,_,  tongues_NNS  to_TO  wag_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  doors_NNS  will_VM  close_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  some_DD  men_NNS  feel_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  problem_NN  .  
  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  recognised_JJ  residential_JJ  club_NN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  \0Y.W.C.A_NP  or_CC  university_NN  hostel_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  acceptable_JJ  solution_NN  ;_;  others_DA2  are_VBR  to_TO  board_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  share_VV0  a_AT1  flat_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  other_DA  girls_NNS  in_IO  similar_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  for_IO  slightly_RR  older_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  experienced_JJ  young_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  room_NN  in_IO  a_AT1    family_NN  hotel_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  converted_JJ  house_NN  made_VBN  over_RP  for_IO  boarders_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  flat_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  respectable_JJ  block_NN  preferably_RR  near_II  to_IO  friends_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  or_CC  relations_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  other_DA  possibilities_NNS  .  
  however_CS impeccable_JJ  her_APP$  own_DA  behaviour_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  should_VM  avoid_VV0  living_VBG  with_IO  ,_,  or_CC  near_IO  ,_,  people_NNS  who_PNQS clearly_RR  have_VH0  less_DA  regard_NN  for_IO  convention_NN  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  social_JJ  relationships_NNS  with_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  living_VBG  alone_JJ  must_VM  accept_VV0  certain_JJ  conventions_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  lunch_VV0  or_CC  dine_VV0  alone_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  married_JJ  man_NN  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  or_CC  twice_RR    unless_CS  their_APP$  relationship_NN  is_VBZ  openly_RR  a_AT1  business_NN  one_MC1  that_PNQS demands_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  should_VM  never_RR  allow_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  guest_NN  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  after_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  flat_NN  or_CC  room_NN  after_CS  other_DA  guests_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  stay_VV0  on_RP  herself_PPX1  at_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  party_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  have_VH0  left_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  entertain_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  alone_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  apartment_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  few_DA  brief_JJ  minutes_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  before_IO  an_AT1  evening_NN  out_RP  together_RR  ;_;  nor_CC  should_VM  she_PPHO1  go_VV0  alone_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  bachelor_NN  flat_NN  or_CC  room_NN  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  hostels_NNS  and_CC  boarding_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  convention_NN  rules_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  woman_NN  are_VBR  alone_JJ  together_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  at_IO  times_NNS  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  permissible_JJ  and_CC  necessary_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  door_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  open_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  living_VBG  on_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  will_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  an_AT1  invitation_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  visit_VV0  his_APP$  country_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  unless_CS  she_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  that_CS  his_APP$  mother_NN  or_CC  other_DA  married_JJ  relation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  hostess_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  preferably_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  invitation_NN  should_VM  come_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  living_VBG  alone_JJ  must_VM  be_VB0  especially_RR  discreet_JJ  about_IO  drinking_VBG  only_RR  in_IO  strict_JJ  moderation_NN  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  ,_,  however_CS innocent_JJ  her_APP$  actual_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  behave_VV0  with_IO  strict_JJ  regard_NN  for_IO  propriety_NN  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  matter_NN  ,_,  all_DB  her_APP$  other_DA  behaviour_NN  at_RR  once_RR  comes_VBZ  under_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  reason_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  should_VM  never_RR  accept_VV0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  present_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  relation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  problem_NN  common_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  young_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  those_DD2  living_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  whether_CS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  to_TO  offer_VV0  to_TO    go_VV0  Dutch_JJ    or_CC  share_VV0  expenses_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  outing_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  escort_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  quite_DA  an_AT1  accepted_JJ  custom_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  when_CS young_JJ  women_NNS  earn_VV0  sizeable_JJ  salaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  girl_NN  must_VM  display_VV0  good_JJ  manners_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  offers_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  her_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paying_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  hurt_VV0  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  feelings_NNS  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  acquaintance_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  best_JJT  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN    make_VV0  the_AT1  running_NN    and_CC  suggest_VV0  outings_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ;_;  the_AT1  girl_NN  should_VM  show_VV0  her_APP$  appreciation_NN  by_IO  her_APP$  obvious_JJ  enjoyment_NN  and_CC  animation_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  outing_NN  and_CC  by_IO  her_APP$  thanks_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  can_VM  either_LE  take_VV0  her_APP$  turn_NN  as_IO  host_NN  ,_,  by_IO  saying_VBG  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  theatre_NN  tickets_NNS  (_(  or_CC  ,_,  more_RG  simply_RR  just_RR  ,_,      I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  two_MC  theatre_NN  tickets_NNS    ,_,  without_IO  more_DA  explanation_NN  )_)  and_CC  asking_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  accompany_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  perhaps_RR  suggesting_VBG  that_DD1  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  entirely_RR    her_APP$    evening_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  allows_VBZ  her_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  beforehand_RR  ;_;  or_CC  alternatively_RR  she_PPHO1  can_VM  ,_,  when_CS accepting_VBG  his_APP$  next_DA  invitation_NN  ,_,  say_UH  ,_,  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  love_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   go_VV0  Dutch_JJ  this_DD1  time_NN    .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  plain_JJ  before_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  begins_VBZ  that_CS  some_DD  or_CC  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  hers_PP$  .  
  an_AT1  argument_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  restaurant_NN  bill_NN  or_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  box_NN  office_NN  is_VBZ  humiliating_JJ  and_CC  undignified_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  good_JJ  manners_NNS  must_VM  save_VV0  him_PPHO1  from_IO  being_VBG  put_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  since_CS  most_DA  men_NNS  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  paying_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tactful_JJ  precaution_NN  if_CS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  out_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  theatre_NN  tickets_NNS    to_TO  take_VV0  care_NN  of_IO    and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  paying_VBG  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  purse_NN  containing_VBG  amply_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  settle_VV0  the_AT1  bills_NNS  ,_,  taxi_NN  fares_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  sharing_VBG  expenses_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  tactful_JJ  still_RR  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  purse_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  
    would_VM  you_PPY  take_VV0  my_APP$  share_NN  out_RP  of_IO  that_DD1  .    
  this_DD1  avoids_VBZ  any_DD  undignified_JJ    settling-up_NN    of_IO  each_DD1  item_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  introductions_NNS  ,_,  acknowledgements_NNS  and_CC  leave_NN  taking_NN  .  
  when_CS to_TO  perform_VV0  an_AT1  introduction_NN  often_RR  puzzles_VBZ  the_AT1  inexperienced_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  rule_NN  is_VBZ      if_CS  in_IO  doubt_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  so_PN1    as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  better_JJ  to_TO  risk_VV0  seeming_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  fussy_JJ  than_CS  to_TO  leave_VV0  two_MC  people_NNS  each_DD1  wondering_VBG  who_PNQS  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  and_CC  wishing_VBG  you_PPY  had_VHD  introduced_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  an_AT1  introduction_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  social_JJ  matter_NN  ;_;  therefore_RR  one_MC1  would_VM  not_XX  introduce_VV0  a_AT1  friend_NN  to_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  one's_$  doctor_NN  ,_,  since_CS  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  doctor_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  social_JJ  occasion_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  doctor_NN  were_VBDR  also_RR  a_AT1  personal_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  or_CC  social_JJ  acquaintance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  situation_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  different_JJ  and_CC  an_AT1  introduction_NN  quite_RR  in_IO  order_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  a_AT1  chance_JJ  meeting_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  ,_,  while_CS  walking_VBG  with_IO  another_DD1  friend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  social_JJ  occasion_NN  and_CC  introductions_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  called_VBN  for_IO  ;_;  unless_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  stand_VV0  and_CC  chat_VV0  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  walk_VV0  along_RP  all_DB  together_RR  ,_,  when_CS an_AT1  introduction_NN  will_VM  obviously_RR  set_VV0  everyone_PN1  more_RRR  at_IO  ease_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hostess_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  party_NN  will_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  guests_NNS  are_VBR  introduced_VBN  to_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  ;_;  at_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  party_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  order_NN  for_IO  guests_NNS  to_TO  effect_VV0  the_AT1  introductions_NNS  between_IO  people_NNS  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  to_TO  introduce_VV0  themselves_PPX2  informally_RR  to_IO  other_DA  guests_NNS  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  brings_VBZ  a_AT1  friend_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  hostess_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  must_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  present_VV0  one's_$  friend_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hostess_NN  immediately_RR  on_IO  arrival_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  world_NN  ,_,  strangers_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  if_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  have_VH0  future_JB  dealings_NNS  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  regular_JJ  business_NN  contact_NN  is_VBZ  waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  secretary's_NN1$  room_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  interview_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  employer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  firm's_NN1$  departmental_JJ  heads_NNS  comes_VBZ  in_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  secretary_NN  should_VM  introduce_VV0  the_AT1  outsider_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  departmental_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  she_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  that_CS  for_IO  any_DD  reason_NN  her_APP$  chief_NN  would_VM  not_XX  approve_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  guests_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  introduced_VBN  to_IO  servants_NNS  or_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  staff_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  of_IO  any_DD  duration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  guest_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  servant's_NN1$  name_NN  and_CC  function_NN  in_IO  some_DD  such_DA  form_NN  as_IO      Aunt_NNSB1  Elizabeth_NP  ,_,  Jane_NP  will_VM  get_VV0  you_PPY  anything_PN1  you_PPY  want_VV0    just_RR  ring_VV0  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  form_NN  an_AT1  introduction_NN  takes_VBZ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  much_RR  simplified_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  general_JJ  rule_NN  of_IO  presenting_VBG  the_AT1  less_RG  important_JJ  person_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  to_TO  honour_VV0  most_RBT  ,_,  still_RR  remains_VBZ  .  
  men_NNS  are_VBR  introduced_VBN  to_IO  women_NNS  ,_,  untitled_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  introduced_VBN  to_IO  titled_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  young_JJ  people_NNS  to_IO  older_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  old_JJ  friends_NNS  to_IO  newcomers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  unmarried_JJ  girl_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  married_JJ  woman_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  very_RG  special_JJ  honour_NN  accorded_VBN  to_IO  royalty_NN  and_CC  high-ranking_JJ  clergy_NNS  ,_,  everyone_PN1  is_VBZ  presented_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  title_NN  ,_,  age_NN  or_CC  sex_NN  .  
  to_TO  perform_VV0  an_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  says_VBZ  something_PN1  like_IO  ,_,      \0Mrs_NNSB1  Smith_NP    (_(  or_CC  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  knows_VBZ  her_PPHO1  well_RR  ,_,    Mary_NP    )_)    may_VM  I_PPIS1  introduce_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP    ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  turning_VBG  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  ,_,  says_VBZ  simply_RR  ,_,  
    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Smith_NP    .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  one_MC1  wishes_VBZ  ,_,  one_MC1  may_VM  turn_VV0  again_RR  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Smith_NP  and_CC  add_VV0      Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  has_VHZ  just_RR  returned_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  New_NP  York_NP    ,_,  or_CC  some_DD  such_DA  bit_NN  of_IO  information_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  give_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Smith_NP  (_(  as_IO  the_AT1  senior_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pair_NN  )_)  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  conversation_NN  .  
  when_CS introducing_VBG  people_NNS  in_IO  circumstances_NNS  where_CS Christian_JJ  names_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  straight_RR  away_RP  (_(  as_CS  with_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  introducing_VBG  one's_$  relations_NNS  to_IO  old_JJ  and_CC  intimate_JJ  friends_NNS  )_)  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  surnames_NNS  clearly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  introduction_NN  ;_;  otherwise_RR  circumstances_NNS  can_VM  easily_RR  arise_VV0  where_CS people_NNS  never_RR  know_VV0  one_PPX2  another's_PPX2  surnames_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  friendship_NN  already_RR  achieved_VBN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  .  
  acknowledging_VBG  an_AT1  introduction_NN  .  
  a_AT1  lady_NN  must_VM  rise_VV0  when_CS being_VBG  introduced_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  older_JJ  woman_NN  or_CC    social_JJ  superior_NN    or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  clergyman_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  status_NN  is_VBZ  great_JJ  she_PPHO1  should_VM  remain_VV0  standing_VBG  until_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  person_NN  either_LE  has_VHZ  a_AT1  seat_NN  ,_,  or_CC  goes_VBZ  away_RP  .  
    how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0    is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  verbal_JJ  acknowledgement_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  introduction_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  purely_RR  formal_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  enquiry_NN  after_IO  anyone's_PN$  health_NN  .  
  handshaking_NN  on_IO  introduction_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  dying_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  Britain_NP  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  very_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  correct_JJ  thing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  rule_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  socially_RR  superior_JJ  person_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  extend_VV0  a_AT1  hand_NN    and_CC  as_CS  few_DA  people_NNS  of_IO  gentle_JJ  instincts_NNS  like_VV0  ,_,  nowadays_RR  ,_,  to_TO  claim_VV0  social_JJ  superiority_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  usage_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  often_RR  followed_VBN  .  
  exceptions_NNS  are_VBR  when_CS a_AT1  much_RR  younger_JJ  person_NN  is_VBZ  introduced_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  older_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  or_CC  where_CS the_AT1  distinction_NN  of_IO  rank_NN  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  ;_;  then_RL  the_AT1  senior_JJ  person_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  ,_,  will_VM  extend_VV0  a_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  although_CS  handshaking_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  often_RR  practised_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  very_RG  important_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  instantly_RR  a_AT1  proffered_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  calling_VBG  attention_NN  to_IO  any_DD  possible_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  savoir-faire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  person_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  quite_RR  simply_RR  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  waiting_VBG  with_IO  hand_NN  outstretched_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  especial_JJ  rule_NN  about_IO  shaking_VBG  hands_NNS  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  gloves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  rules_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  fumble_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  glove_NN  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  apologise_VV0  for_IO  having_VHG  one_MC1  .  
  letters_NNS  of_IO  introduction_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  definite_JJ  etiquette_NN  about_IO  these_DD2  .  
  letters_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  handed_VBN  unsealed_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  being_VBG  introduced_VBN  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  ,_,  on_IO  arrival_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  post_VV0  or_CC  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  by_IO  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  friend_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  addressed_VBN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  visiting_NN  card_NN  or_CC  brief_JJ  covering_JJ  letter_NN  indicating_VBG  where_CS he_PPHO1  or_CC  she_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  contacted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  etiquette_NN  to_TO  deliver_VV0  a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  introduction_NN  in_IO  person_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_IO  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  addressed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  addressee_NN  should_VM  then_RL  promptly_RR  contact_VV0  the_AT1  newcomer_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  or_CC  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  given_VBN  someone_PN1  a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  introduction_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  or_CC  business_NN  contact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  etiquette_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  second_MD  letter_NN  ,_,  later_RRR  ,_,  thanking_VBG  him_PPHO1  or_CC  her_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  kindness_NN  shown_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  newly-introduced_JB  person_NN  .  
  the_AT1  unwelcome_JJ  introduction_NN  .  
  while_CS  people_NNS  performing_VBG  introductions_NNS  will_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  not_XX  do_VD0  so_PN1  unless_CS  reasonably_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  agreeable_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  ,_,  still_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  mere_JB  fact_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  been_VBN  formally_RR  introduced_VBN  does_VBZ  not_XX  compel_VV0  one_MC1  to_TO  continue_VV0  an_AT1  uncongenial_JJ  acquaintance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  break_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  too_RG  pointedly_RR  could_VM  be_VB0  construed_VBN  as_IO  rudeness_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  friend_NN  performing_VBG  the_AT1  introduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  course_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  civil_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  forthcoming_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  occasionally_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  determined_JJ  pursuer_NN  ,_,  stronger_JJ  means_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  adopted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  committed_VBN  one_MC1  to_IO  nothing_PN1  and_CC  one_MC1  need_VM  not_XX  feel_VV0  badly_RR  about_IO  disrupting_VBG  the_AT1  acquaintance_NN  .  
  fads_NNS  and_CC  fancies_NNS  .  
  by_IO  \0W_NP  \0J_NP  Dore-Dennis_NP  .  
  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  ,_,  flower_NN  and_CC  kitchen_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  much_RR  neglected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  owner_NN  ,_,  admitting_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  practically_RR  nothing_PN1  of_IO  horticulture_NN  ,_,  gave_VVD  my_APP$  friend_NN  Ole_NP  'Arry_NP  carte_NN  blanche_NN"  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  surprised_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  estate_NN  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  transformed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  spring_NN  after_IO  Harry's_PPIO2  appointment_NN  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  me_PPIO1  up_RP  .  
  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  any_DD  tomato_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  
    how_CS many_DA  and_CC  how_CS much_DA  .    
  his_APP$  reply_NN  was_VBDZ  staggering_JJ  :_:  
    'underds_MC  ,_,  an'_CC  fer_IO  nuffin'_PN1    .  
  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  treated_VBN  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  with_IO  manure_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sewage_NN  farm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tomato_NN  plants_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  employer_NN  ,_,  when_CS informed_VBN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  crop_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  turned_VBN    fair_RR  pernickety_JJ    ,_,  ordering_VBG  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  plants_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  and_CC  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  procured_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  nursery_NN  .  
  Harry_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  well_RR  with_IO  our_APP$  condemned_JJ  plants_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  a_AT1  crop_NN  excellent_JJ  both_DB2  in_IO  quality_NN  and_CC  quantity_NN  .  
  our_APP$  surplus_NN  was_VBDZ  gladly_RR  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  greengrocer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS in_IO  turn_NN  supplied_VVD  Harry's_PPIO2  pernickety_JJ  employer_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  nursery-bought_JJ  plants_NNS  having_VHG  failed_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  expectations_NNS  .  
  country_NN  scales_NNS  and_CC  weights_NNS  .  
  by_IO  \0L_NP  Sanders_NP  .  
  a_AT1  century_NN  and_CC  more_DA  ago_RR  country_NN  people_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  improvisation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  craftsman_NN  for_IO  most_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  essential_JJ  equipment_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  means_NNS  to_TO  weigh_VV0  their_APP$  produce_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Avery_NP  historical_JJ  Museum_NNL1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  collecting_VBG  old_JJ  weighing_NN  instruments_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  acquired_VBN  many_DA  interesting_JJ  examples_NNS  made_VBN  and_CC  used_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  countryside_NN  .  
  stone_NN  weights_NNS  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  simpler_JJ  of_IO  these_DD2  .  
  some_DD  may_VM  be_VB0  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  made_VBN  from_IO  stones_NNS  taken_VBN  from_IO  field_NN  or_CC  hillside_NN  .  
  when_CS farmers_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  weigh_VV0  produce_NN  for_IO  market_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  foundry-made_JJ  iron_NN  weights_NNS  locally_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  sought_VVD  stones_NNS  of_IO  suitable_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  shape_NN  and_CC  weight_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  smith_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  fitted_VBN  with_IO  iron_NN  lifting_NN  rings_NNS  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  by_IO  a_DA  little_DA  chipping_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  adjusted_VBN  to_TO  compare_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  neighbour's_NN1$  weights_NNS  or_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  manorial_JJ  standards_NNS  .  
  hard_JJ  igneous_JJ  rocks_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  granite_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  serviceable_JJ  weights_NNS  ,_,  reasonably_RR  impervious_JJ  to_IO  moisture_NN  and_CC  capable_JJ  of_IO  withstanding_VBG  hard_JJ  wear_NN  and_CC  exposure_NN  .  
  occasionally_RR  stone_NN  weights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  denominations_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  twenty-eight_MC  and_CC  fifty-six_MC  pounds_NNS  ,_,  turn_VV0  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  large_JJ  oval_JJ  one_MC1  marked_VBN    59_NC2    ,_,  illustrated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  page_NN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  to_TO  weigh_VV0  bales_NNS  of_IO  wool_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  extra_JJ  three_MC  pounds_NNS  being_VBG  an_AT1  agreed_JJ  tare_NN  allowance_NN  for_IO  straps_NNS  or_CC  bindings_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  and_CC  the_AT1  twelve-pound_JB  weight_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  Jersey_NP  and_CC  were_VBDR  undoubtedly_RR  fashioned_VBN  from_IO  large_JJ  rounded_JJ  beach_NN  pebbles_NNS  flattened_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  base_NN  .  
  the_AT1  square_JJ  weight_NN  below_II  is_VBZ  from_IO  Shropshire_NP  and_CC  ,_,  though_CS  figured_VBN    56_NC2    ,_,  weighs_VBZ  only_RR  forty-five_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  not_XX  to_IO  any_DD  dishonesty_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  owner_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  lead_NN  loading_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  cavity_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  under_RP  side_NN  .  
  cart_VV0  weighbridges_NNS  and_CC  platform-scales_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  English_JJ  invention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mid_JB  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  scarce_JJ  even_RR  in_IO  towns_NNS  and_CC  certainly_RR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  worker_NN  until_CS  well_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  countryman_NN  mostly_RR  used_VVD  beam-scales_NNS  or_CC  hanging_JJ  steelyards_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  by_IO  small_JJ  family_NN  concerns_NNS  employing_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  craftsmen_NNS  and_CC  apprentices_NNS  .  
  some_DD  surviving_JJ  examples_NNS  are_VBR  as_RG  crude_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Egyptians_NP2  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  ,_,  but_CCB  others_DA2  show_VV0  some_DD  appreciation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fundamentals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  cruder_JJ  examples_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  wooden_JJ  butter-scales_NNS  shown_VBN  below_II  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  about_RR  three_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  central_JJ  stand_NN  or_CC  pillar_NN  ,_,  turned_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  chair-leg_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  primitive_JJ  lathe_NN  ,_,  carries_VBZ  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  beam_NN  pivoted_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  round_JJ  iron_NN  peg_NN  :_:  two_MC  wooden_JJ  bowls_NNS  or_CC  platters_NNS  are_VBR  suspended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  .  
  scales_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  were_VBDR  used_VBN  in_IO  farmhouses_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  .  
  larger_JJ  hanging_JJ  wooden_JJ  beam-scales_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equipment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  miller_NN  for_IO  weighing_VBG  sacks_NNS  of_IO  grain_NN  and_CC  flour_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sometimes_RR  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  six_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  and_CC  strongly_RR  constructed_VBN  with_IO  metal_NN  fittings_NNS  and_CC  rudimentary_JJ  knife-edges_NNS  ,_,  combining_VBG  the_AT1  skills_NNS  of_IO  carpenter_NN  and_CC  smith_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  could_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  weigh_VV0  several_DA  sacks_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  on_IO  scale-plates_NNS  suspended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  knives_NNS  by_IO  shackles_NNS  and_CC  chains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wooden_JJ  beam-scale_NN  opposite_II  is_VBZ  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  small_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  about_RR  two_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  in_IO  contrast_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  professional_JJ  scale-makers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  constructed_VVD  their_APP$  products_NNS  entirely_RR  of_IO  metal_NN  .  
  steelyards_NNS  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  uneven-armed_JJ  balance_NN  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  and_CC  still_RR  known_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  name_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  common_JJ  use_NN  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  permitted_VVD  the_AT1  weighing_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  loads_NNS  without_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  loose_JJ  weights_NNS  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  required_VVD  greater_JJ  precision_NN  in_IO  manufacture_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  beam-scales_NNS  ,_,  few_DA  home-made_JJ  examples_NNS  survive_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  and_CC  eighteenth-century_JB  farmhouse_NN  steelyards_NNS  of_IO  English_JJ  and_CC  continental_JJ  origin_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Avery_NP  collection_NN  are_VBR  small_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  steelyards_NNS  go_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  have_VH0  wooden_JJ  arms_NNS  with_IO  metal_NN  fittings_NNS  ,_,  poise_NN  and_CC  knife-edges_NNS  .  
  graduation_NN  marks_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  by_IO  brass_NN  pegs_NNS  driven_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  at_IO  regular_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  two_MC  fulcrum_NN  knives_NNS  and_CC  duplicate_JJ  suspensions_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  either_LE  light_JJ  or_CC  heavy_JJ  goods_NNS    a_AT1  principle_NN  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  craftsman-made_JJ  wooden_JJ  steelyard_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  illustration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fine_JJ  Orkney_NP  pundler_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  prized_JJ  exhibits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  .  
  the_AT1  oak_NN  beam_NN  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  six_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  stone_NN  poise_NN  weighs_VBZ  thirty-one_MC1  pounds_NNS  .  
  graduation_NN  marks_NNS  correspond_VV0  to_IO  multiples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  pound_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  metal_NN  fittings_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  wrought_JJ  iron_NN  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  knives_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  well_RR  rounded_VBN  by_IO  wear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  instrument_NN  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  use_NN  for_IO  several_DA  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  weight-stamp_NN  of_IO  George_NP  3_MC  obliterating_VBG  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  older_JJ  marks_NNS  .  
  also_RR  from_IO  Orkney_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  bismar_NN  or_CC  Danish_JJ  steelyard_NN  ,_,  used_VBN  by_IO  sliding_VBG  a_AT1  cord_NN  fulcrum_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  counterweighted_JJ  lever_NN  to_TO  balance_VV0  a_AT1  load_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principle_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_IO  early_JJ  Aryan_JJ  tribesmen_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS found_VVD  its_APP$  simplicity_NN  convenient_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  nomadic_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  example_NN  illustrated_VBN  above_II  is_VBZ  three_MC  feet_NNS  long_RR  and_CC  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  wych-elm_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  two_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  bismar_NN  ,_,  dhari_&FW  or_CC  Danish_JJ  steelyard_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  variously_RR  called_VBN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  widely_RR  used_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  sub-continent_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  and_CC  northern_JJ  countries_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  England_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  illegal_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  Edward_NP  3_MC  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equal-armed_JJ  beam_NN  and_CC  Roman-pattern_JB  steelyard_NN  .  
  new_JJ  books_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  *"_*'  
  read_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  contradict_VV0  and_CC  confute_VV0  ,_,  nor_CC  to_TO  believe_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  for_IO  granted_VBN  ,_,  nor_CC  to_TO  find_VV0  talk_NN  and_CC  discourse_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  to_TO  weigh_VV0  and_CC  consider_VV0    
  Bacon_NP  **"_**'  .  
  escapists_NNS  or_CC  realists_NNS  .  
  when_CS anyone_PN1  decides_VBZ  to_TO  stop_VV0  earning_VBG  a_AT1  living_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  tries_VBZ  to_TO  earn_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  dubbed_VBN  an_AT1  escapist_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  somehow_RR  avoiding_VBG  the_AT1  responsibilities_NNS  of_IO  civilisation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS a_AT1  young_JJ  couple_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  successful_JJ  journalist_NN  married_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  hotel_NN  publicity_NN  officer_NN  ,_,  leave_VV0  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  to_TO  brave_VV0  all_DB  weathers_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  primitive_JJ  cottage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Cornish_JJ  cliffs_NNS  ,_,  working_VBG  with_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  to_TO  grow_VV0  potatoes_NNS  and_CC  flowers_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  livelihood_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  surely_RR  realists_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  truest_JJT  sense_NN  .  
  for_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  Tangyes_NP2  have_VH0  struggled_VBN  against_IO  frost_NN  and_CC  gales_NNS  ,_,  blight_NN  and_CC  disease_NN  ,_,  to_TO  supply_VV0  the_AT1  fickle_JJ  markets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  cities_NNS  with_IO  early_JJ  violets_NNS  ,_,  daffodils_NNS  ,_,  anemones_NNS  and_CC  potatoes_NNS  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  nearly_RR  ruined_VBN  fresh_JJ  hope_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gull_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  (_(  Joseph_NP  ,_,  18_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  called_VVD  Hubert_NP  .  
  Derek_NP  Tangye_NP  describes_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  endeavour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  Jean_NP  provides_VBZ  small_JJ  sketches_NNS  as_IO  illustrations_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  well_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  sustain_VV0  interest_NN  through_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  setbacks_NNS  ,_,  encounters_NNS  with_IO  local_JJ  characters_NNS  ,_,  economics_NN  of_IO  market_NN  gardening_NN  and_CC  breezy_JJ  comments_NNS  from_IO  city_NN  friends_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  delightful_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  townsman's_NN1$  sentimental_JJ  feeling_NN  for_IO  animals_NNS  and_CC  hatred_NN  of_IO  traps_NNS  enduring_VBG  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1    peasant_NN  life_NN    ;_;  Monty_NP  the_AT1  cat_NN  is_VBZ  treated_VBN  with_IO  as_RG  much_DA  understanding_NN  as_CS  if_CS  all_DB  three_MC  had_VHD  stayed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Mortlake_NP  flat_NN  and_CC  never_RR  passed_VBN  through_IO  Lamorna_NP  to_TO  find_VV0  Minack_NP  .  
  also_RR  a_AT1  grower_NN  and_CC  journalist_NN  ,_,  Frederick_NP  Street_NP  has_VHZ  fought_VBN  hard_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  living_NN  out_RP  of_IO  rhododendrons_NNS  and_CC  azaleas_NNS  and_CC  now_RL  finds_VBZ  his_APP$  experience_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  fool's_NN1$  mistress_NN  (_(  Parrish_NP  ,_,  17_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  .  
  his_APP$  anger_NN  ,_,  first_RR  at_IO  his_APP$  relatives_NNS  who_PNQS disappointed_VVD  him_PPHO1  over_IO  his_APP$  inheritance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  market_NN  garden_NN  near_IO  Woking_NP  ,_,  then_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  fertile_JJ  12_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  derelict_JJ  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  between_IO  commuter_NN  and_CC  countryman_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  subtopia_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  fun-farming_NN  and_CC  half-way-back-to-the-land_JB  movement_NN  ,_,  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  provocative_JJ  autobiography_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  table_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  farming_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  does_VBZ  and_CC  his_APP$  weekday_NN  train_NN  to_IO  London_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  8.45_MC  chicken_NN  farmer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  10.30_MC  (_(  three_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  only_RR  )_)  owner_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pedigree_NN  herd_NN  of_IO  Jerseys_NP2  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  light-hearted_JJ  realism_NN  comes_VBZ  from_IO  \0R_NP  \0M_NP  Dashwood_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  provincial_JJ  daughter_NN  (_(  Chatto_NP  ,_,  16_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  provincial_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  \0E_NP  \0M_NP  Delafield_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  near_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  bringing_VBG  up_RP  three_MC  small_JJ  boys_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  occasional_JJ  aid_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  husband_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  German_JJ  help_NN  .  
  her_APP$  diary_NN  is_VBZ  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  style_NN  her_APP$  mother_NN  made_VVD  famous_JJ  and_CC  should_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  general_JJ  appeal_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  drove_VVD  many_DA  women_NNS  straight_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  to_IO  household_NN  drudgery_NN  with_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  ready_JJ  pen_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  through_RP  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  theme_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  as_RG  fresh_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  though_CS  an_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  laugh_VV0  at_IO  one's_$  self_NN  and_CC  at_IO  domestic_JJ  difficulties_NNS  is_VBZ  always_RR  well_RR  worth_IO  sharing_VBG  .  
  believing_VBG  that_CS    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  all_DB  countrymen_NNS  at_IO  heart_NN    ,_,  John_NP  Baker_NP  also_RR  wants_VBZ  to_TO  share_VV0  his_APP$  rural_JJ  experiences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  springs_NNS  (_(  Phoenix_NP  ,_,  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  ,_,  
  his_PP$  is_VBZ  a_AT1  short_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  chiefly_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  water_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Wiltshire_NP  cottage_NN  he_PPHO1  converted_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  springs_NNS  ,_,  water-weeds_NNS  ,_,  irises_NNS  and_CC  lilies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  eventually_RR  with_IO  piped_JJ  water_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  village_NN  .  
  Edmund_NP  Cooper's_PPIO2  men_NNS  of_IO  Swaledale_NP  (_(  Dalesman_NP  ,_,  Clapham_NP  ,_,  via_IO  Lancaster_NP  ,_,  6_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  ,_,  another_DD1  small_JJ  volume_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  neat_JJ  slice_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  history_NN  ,_,  mostly_RR  19th-century_JB  ,_,  taken_VBN  from_IO  contemporary_JJ  diaries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  farming_JJ  practices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  crops_NNS  grown_VBN  ,_,  sheep_NNS  bred_VBN  ,_,  fertilisers_NNS  used_VBN  ,_,  bridges_NNS  built_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  amusements_NNS  of_IO  singing_VBG  ,_,  reading_VBG  ,_,  dancing_VBG  and_CC  playing_VBG  whist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  food_NN  and_CC  clothes_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  mining_NN  which_DDQ  went_VVD  hand_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  farming_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  accidents_NNS  and_CC  fights_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS emigrated_VVD  to_IO  America_NP  when_CS the_AT1  farming_NN  became_VVD  less_RG  arable_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  mines_NNS  closed_VVD  down_RP  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  Crackpot_NP  Gill_NP  or_CC  Silkwood_NP  Bridge_NNL1  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  following_VBG  briefly_RR  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  families_NNS  in_IO  Yorkshire_NP  or_CC  America_NP  .  
  equally_RR  easy_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  ,_,  though_CS  of_IO  very_RG  different_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  Dennis_NP  Wheatley's_PPIO2  Saturdays_NN2  with_IO  bricks_NNS  (_(  Hutchinson_NP  ,_,  18_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  international_JJ  intrigue_NN  but_CCB  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  anecdotes_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  1914-18_MC-MC  war_NN  and_CC  sound_JJ  advice_NN  about_IO  building_VBG  brick_NN  walls_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  himself_PPX1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  link_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  bricks_NNS  during_IO  hostilities_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  on_RP  ever_RR  since_II  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  now_RL  recommend_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  essential_JJ  tools_NNS  and_CC  clothes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  drink_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  lay_VV0  foundations_NNS  ,_,  mix_VV0  mortar_NN  ,_,  choose_VV0  scaffolding_NN  and_CC  finally_RR  lay_VV0  the_AT1  actual_JJ  bricks_NNS  .  
  compared_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  constructive_JJ  work_NN  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  chaotic_JJ  nightmare_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  keeps_VBZ  harking_VBG  back_RP  .  
  the_AT1  artist_NN  Edward_NP  Wakeford_NP  found_VVD  the_AT1  1939-45_MC-MC  war_NN  a_AT1  different_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  nightmare_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  describes_VBZ  logically_RR  after_IO  his_APP$  childhood_NN  and_CC  student_NN  days_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  prize_NN  for_IO  art_NN  (_(  Macmillan_NP  25_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  he_PPHO1  relives_VBZ  his_APP$  boyhood_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  ,_,  walking_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  clergyman_NN  father_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  people_NNS  in_IO  church_NN  ,_,  remembering_VBG  clearly_RR  the_AT1  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  bishop_NN  visited_VVD  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  small_JJ  wild_JJ  rabbit_NN  died_VVD  or_CC  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  stairs_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  prize-giving_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  impelled_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  share_VV0  his_APP$  experiences_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  book_NN  :_:  Parson's_NNSB2  evensong_NN  ,_,  by_IO    pilgrim_NN    (_(  Skeffington_NP  ,_,  15_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  in_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  retired_JJ  church_NN  of_IO  England_NP  clergyman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS prefers_VBZ  to_TO  remain_VV0  anonymous_JJ  ,_,  ruminates_VBZ  over_IO  his_APP$  past_JB  life_NN  and_CC  work_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  books_NNS  and_CC  places_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  known_VBN  ,_,  those_DD2  he_PPHO1  still_RR  meets_VBZ  and_CC  the_AT1  faith_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  sustained_VBN  him_PPHO1  .    
  Margaret_NP  Campbell_NP  .  
  Isca_NP  to_IO  Thule_NP  .  
    Bartholomew_NP  Street_NNL1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  Britayne_NP  for_IO  many_DA  centuries_NNS  ,_,  being_VBG  the_AT1  area_NN  occupied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  during_IO  Saxon_JJ  times_NNS  .    
  labour_NN  junks_VBZ  its_APP$  own_DA  books_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Harry_NP  Short_NP  .  
    book_NN  reading_NN  ,_,    wrote_VVD  Francis_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,    used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  socialist_JJ  habit_NN  .  
  to_TO  secure_VV0  an_AT1  educated_JJ  socialist_JJ  democracy_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  habit_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  indulge_VV0  in_IO  as_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  years_NNS  ago_RR  .    
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  youngster_NN  ,_,  socialists_NNS  said_VVD  books_NNS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  though_CS  we_PPIS2  lack_VV0  bread_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to-day_NN1  times_NNS  have_VH0  changed_VBN  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  labour_NN  voters_NNS  read_VV0  socialist_JJ  books_NNS  or_CC  treasure_VV0  a_AT1  library_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  local_JJ  labour_NN  parties_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  literature_NN  secretaries_NNS  .  
  social_JJ  secretaries_NNS  and_CC  bingo_NN  organisers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  bookstalls_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  women's_NN2  section_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  local_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  held_VVD  a_AT1  jumble_NN  sale_NN  recently_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  stalls_NNS  contained_VVD  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  second-hand_JB  books_NNS  .  
  all_DB  were_VBDR  priced_VBN  at_IO  3_MC  \0d_NNU  each_DD1  !_!  
  after_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  ,_,  love_NN  ,_,  romance_NN  and_CC  adventure_NN  books_NNS  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  remainder_NN  to_IO  2_MC  \0d_NNU  each_DD1  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  ,_,  as_CS  often_RR  happens_VBZ  ,_,  any_DD  old_JJ  clothes_NNS  ,_,  books_NNS  ,_,  pictures_NNS  or_CC  nick-nacks_NNS  were_VBDR  left_VBN  over_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  left_VBN  behind_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  caretaker_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  either_LE  burn_VV0  or_CC  give_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  dustman_NN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  bazaar_NN  committee_NN  members_NNS  were_VBDR  eager_JJ  to_TO  store_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  junk_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  jumble_NN  sale_NN  ,_,  so_CS  for_IO  his_APP$  services_NNS  of_IO  burning_VBG  the_AT1  books_NNS  ,_,  pictures_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  caretaker_NN  was_VBDZ  liberally_RR  rewarded_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO    remainders_NNS    and_CC  bought_VVD  roads_NNS  to_IO  freedom_NN  (_(  Bertrand_NP  Russell_NP  )_)  ,_,  wealth_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  (_(  Adam_NP  Smith_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  science_NN  of_IO  wealth_NN  (_(  \0J_NP  \0A_NP  Hobson_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  man_NN  under_IO  socialism_NN  (_(  Oscar_NP  Wilde_NP  )_)  ,_,  Fabian_JJ  essays_NNS  ,_,  man_NN  and_CC  superman_NN  (_(  Bernard_NP  Shaw_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  movement_NN  (_(  \0J_NP  \0R_NP  Macdonald_NP  )_)  ,_,  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  revolution_NN  (_(  Trotsky_NP  )_)  ,_,  new_JJ  worlds_NNS  for_IO  old_JJ  (_(  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  )_)  ,_,  political_JJ  economy_NN  selections_NNS  (_(  edited_VBN  by_IO  \0W_NP  \0B_NP  Robinson_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  (_(  \0G_NP  \0D_NP  \0H_NP  Cole_NP  )_)  .  
  on_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  fly-leaf_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  \0L_NP  \0S_NP  Woodruff_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Harrow_NP  east_NN1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  alderman_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
    Sid_NP    ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  familiarly_RR  known_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  respected_JJ  and_CC  devoted_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  minority_NN  group_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  tory_NN  council_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  well-read_JJ  ,_,  convinced_JJ  socialist_NN  of_IO  burning_JJ  sincerity_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pacifist_NN  and_CC  suffered_VVD  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  socialist_JJ  beliefs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  combined_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  keen_JJ  humour_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  virtue_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  serious_JJ  propagandist_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  Sid_NP  Woodruff_NP  started_VVD  his_APP$  pioneering_JJ  work_NN  for_IO  labour_NN  when_CS people_NNS  were_VBDR  overworked_JJ  ,_,  underfed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  lived_VVD  in_IO  sordid_JJ  slums_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  of_IO  narrow_JJ  dreariness_NN  and_CC  boisterous_JJ  brutality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Alderman_NNSB1  Woodruff_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  educated_JJ  minority_NN  who_PNQS showed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  life_NN  .  
  to-day_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  ,_,  people_NNS  imagine_VV0  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  reached_VBN  the_AT1  higher_JJ  life_NN  .  
  for_IO  most_DA  ,_,  their_APP$  reading_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  popular_JJ  newspapers_NNS  and_CC  trashy_JJ  periodicals_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Nazis_NP2  made_VVD  huge_JJ  bonfires_NNS  of_IO  socialist_JJ  literature_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  Emerson's_PPIO2  lines_NNS  ,_,  
    every_AT1  lash_NN  inflicted_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tongue_NN  of_IO  fame_NN  ;_;  every_AT1  prison_NN  a_AT1  more_RG  illustrious_JJ  abode_NN  ;_;  every_AT1  burned_JJ  book_NN  or_CC  house_NN  enlightens_VBZ  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  what_DDQ  would_VM  Emerson's_PPIO2  thoughts_NNS  be_VB0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  at_IO  a_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  jumble_NN  sale_NN  ,_,  great_JJ  thoughts_NNS  by_IO  great_JJ  men_NNS  were_VBDR  ignored_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  nasty_JJ  rubbishy_JJ  books_NNS  with_IO  gaudy_JJ  covers_NNS  ,_,  dealing_VBG  with_IO  sordid_JJ  sex_NN  and_CC  crime_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  great_JJ  demand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  minority_NN  only_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  living_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  to-day_NN1  when_CS serious_JJ  ,_,  disturbing_JJ  and_CC  admirably_RR  written_JJ  books_NNS  ,_,  packed_JJ  with_IO  vivid_JJ  details_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  written_VBN  with_IO  deep_JJ  feeling_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  read_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  minority_NN  .  
  books_NNS  that_PNQS helped_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  movement_NN  grow_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  strength_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  showed_VVD  how_CS to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  a_AT1  far_RR  happier_JJ  place_NN  for_IO  people_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  races_NNS  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  are_VBR  read_VBN  by_IO  few_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Milton_NP  who_PNQS wrote_VVD  :_:  
    a_AT1  good_JJ  book_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  precious_JJ  life-blood_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  master_JB  spirit_NN  .    
  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  movement_NN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  many_DA  men_NNS  of_IO  vision_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS in_IO  their_APP$  courageous_JJ  and_CC  fascinating_JJ  plays_NNS  ,_,  novels_NNS  ,_,  essays_NNS  and_CC  poems_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  shown_VBN  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  nobler_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  life_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  contain_VV0  all_DB  our_APP$  ambitions_NNS  ,_,  our_APP$  indignations_NNS  and_CC  our_APP$  illusions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  literature_NN  of_IO  revolt_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  heritage_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  treasure_VV0  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  indeed_RR  happy_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  late_JJ  Alderman_NNSB1  Sid_NP  Woodruff's_PPIO2  books_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  my_APP$  bookcase_NN  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  burnt_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  caretaker_NN  .  
  (_(  do_VD0  you_PPY  make_VV0  a_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  adding_VBG  to_IO  your_APP$  knowledge_NN  by_IO  reading_VBG  or_CC  by_IO  taking_VBG  postal_JJ  courses_NNS  .    
  \0Ed_NN  )_)  .  
  footnote_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS volunteers_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1    Aunt-Sally_NP    at_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  garden_NN  fete_NN  and_CC  gets_VBZ  a_AT1  clout_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  ball_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  injuries_NNS  act_NN  .      
  answer_NN  to_IO  Grimsby_NP  correspondent_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0P.O.E.U_NP  journal_NN  .  
  does_VBZ  \0T.V_NN  influence_VV0  elections_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Arthur_NP  Woodburn_NP  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  general_JJ  election_NN  we_PPIS2  all_DB  speculated_VVD  what_DDQ  effect_NN  \0T.V_NN  had_VHD  on_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  .  
  our_APP$  general_JJ  impression_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  programmes_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  most_RG  effective_JJ  and_CC  convincing_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  all_DB  have_VH0  our_APP$  own_DA  little_JJ  gallup_NN  polls_NNS  among_IO  our_APP$  friends_NNS  and_CC  acquaintances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  usually_RR  of_IO  our_APP$  way_NN  of_IO  thinking_VBG  and_CC  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  be_VB0  misled_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  since_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  months_NNS  of_IO  controversy_NN  about_IO  unilateral_JJ  disarmament_NN  .  
  both_DB2  those_DD2  for_IO  and_CC  against_IO  are_VBR  fervently_RR  convinced_VBN  they_PPHS2  speak_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  television_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  political_JJ  image_NN  shows_VBZ  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  happening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  listened_VVD  or_CC  looked_VVD  in_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  the_AT1  broadcasts_NNS  affect_VV0  the_AT1  elections_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  persistent_JJ  propaganda_NN  against_IO  nationalisation_NN  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  by_IO  even_RR  labour_NN  supporters_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_DD1  labour_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  divided_JJ  party_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  prevalent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  items_NNS  electors_NNS  mentioned_VVD  as_CS  having_VHG  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  view_NN  ,_,  specially_RR  affected_VBN  the_AT1  elections_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  ,_,  32_MC  %_NNU  thought_VVD    rash_JJ  labour_NN  promises_NNS    cost_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  pension_NN  scheme_NN    bribery_NN  of_IO  electorate_NN    had_VHD  a_AT1  bad_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  26_MC  %_NNU  thought_VVD  nationalisation_NN  hurt_VVD  labour_NN  and_CC  10_MC  %_NNU  thought_VVD  strikes_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  that_DD1  at_IO  British_JJ  oxygen_NN  works_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  bad_JJ  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  percentages_NNS  among_IO  labour_NN  supporters_NNS  on_IO  these_DD2  items_NNS  were_VBDR  22_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  30_MC  %_NNU  and_CC  7_MC  %_NNU  respectively_RR  .  )_)  
  a_AT1  common_JJ  view_NN  .  
  a_AT1  fairly_RR  common_JJ  view_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS      labour_NN  tried_VVD  to_TO  buy_VV0  their_APP$  way_NN  in_RP    .  
  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  cleverly_RR  put_VVD  this_DD1  across_RP  by_IO  adding_VBG    with_IO  your_APP$  money_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR    .  
  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  down_RP  came_VVD  top_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  most_RG  immediate_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  treatment_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  was_VBDZ  next_DA  and_CC  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  peace_NN  settlement_NN  third_RR  .  
  unemployment_NN  came_VVD  fourth_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  H_ZZ1  bomb_NN  was_VBDZ  fifth_MD  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  have_VH0  nearly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  proportional_JJ  interest_NN  among_IO  supporters_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  parties_NNS    cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  two_MC  out_RP  of_IO  three_MC  and_CC  H_ZZ1  bomb_NN  one_MC1  out_RP  of_IO  three_MC  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  view_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  efficiency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  programmes_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  argument_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  decisive_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  most_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  government_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  overall_JB  impression_NN  of_IO  competence_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  total_JJ  policy_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  acceptable_JJ  and_CC  clear_JJ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  factors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tory_JJ  party's_NN1$  goodwill_NN  rested_VVD  on_IO  its_APP$  claim_NN  to_IO  tradition_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  claim_NN  to_TO  represent_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nation_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  claim_NN  to_IO  defence_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  rights_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  is_VBZ  accepted_VBN  as_CS  standing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  working-class_JJ  foundation_NN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  its_APP$  claim_NN  to_TO  act_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1    national_JJ    interest_NN  .  
  its_APP$  disunity_NN  appeared_VVD  a_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  losing_VBG  support_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  70_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  electors_NNS  were_VBDR  reached_VBN  by_IO  party_NN  broadcasts_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  party_NN  \0T.V_NN  programme_NN  reached_VVD  about_RR  20_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  entire_JB  adult_NN  population_NN  .  
  about_RR  50_MC  %_NNU  saw_VVD  the_AT1  \0T.V_NN  news_NN  bulletins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  campaign_NN  showed_VVD  no_AT1  decisive_JJ  swing_NN  towards_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  parties_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  only_RR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  interesting_JJ  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  certain_JJ  conclusions_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  not_XX  many_DA  people_NNS  change_VV0  sides_NNS  during_IO  an_AT1  election_NN  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  little_JJ  change_NN  can_VM  mean_VV0  much_DA  .  
  three_MC  people_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  street_NN  changing_VBG  over_RP  could_VM  change_VV0  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  so_RG  delicate_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  balance_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  tipped_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  slip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tongue_NN  or_CC  by_IO  some_DD  development_NN  that_PNQS shakes_VBZ  the_AT1  confidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  timid_JJ  or_CC  uncertain_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  on_IO  this_DD1  uncertain_JJ  group_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  government_NN  rests_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  grave_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  this_DD1  book_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  reading_VBG  .  
  ready_JJ  reckoning_NN  .  
  Japanese_JJ  medicine_NN  is_VBZ  conventional_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  always_RR  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  approach_NN  to_IO  scientific_JJ  problems_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  distinctive_JJ  Chinese_JJ  therapy_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  great_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  herbal_JJ  brews_NNS  ,_,  exercises_NNS  and_CC  acupuncture_NN  needles_NNS  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  traditional_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  ready_JJ  reckoning_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  the_AT1  shop_NN  or_CC  restaurant_NN  cashier_NN  uses_VBZ  a_AT1  register_NN  ,_,  or_CC  wrestles_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  pencil_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  column_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  familiar_JJ  sounds_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  clicking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abacus_NN  as_CS  some_DD  shop_NN  assistant's_NN1$  nimble_JJ  fingers_NNS  flick_VV0  the_AT1  beads_NNS  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  at_IO  lightning_NN  speed_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  bill_NN  .  
  primitive_JJ  ,_,  slow_JJ  ,_,  old-fashioned_JJ  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  contest_NN  organised_VBN  by_IO  Singapore_NP  trade_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bei_NP  Po-lu_NP  of_IO  Singapore_NP  was_VBDZ  timed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  stopwatch_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  his_APP$  two-dollar_JB  abacus_NN  to_TO  divide_VV0  2,644,035_MC  by_IO  1,077_MC  .  
  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  flashed_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  beads_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  produced_VVD  the_AT1  correct_JJ  result_NN    2,455_MC    in_IO  10.3_MC  seconds_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  western-trained_JJ  accountant_NN  then_RL  did_VDD  the_AT1  same_DA  sum_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  expensive_JJ  electric_JJ  calculating_NN  machine_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  nearly_RR  two_MC  seconds_NNS  longer_RRR  .  
    observer_NN  foreign_JJ  news_NN  service_NN  ,_,  21st_MD  February_NN1  .  
  key_JB  point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  .  
  by_IO  Frank_NP  Horrabin_NP  .  
  France_NP  established_VVD  a_AT1  protectorate_NN  over_IO  Tunisia_NP  in_IO  1881_MC  ,_,  three_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  congress_NN  of_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  agreed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  seizure_NN  of_IO  Cyprus_NP  .  
  five_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  (_(  in_IO  1956_MC  )_)  Tunisia_NP  became_VVD  independent_JJ    thus_RR  anticipating_VBG  the_AT1  freeing_NN  of_IO  Cyprus_NP  by_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  two_MC  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  retained_VVD  their_APP$  hold_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  naval_JJ  base_NN  of_IO  Bizerta_NP  ,_,  situated_VBN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  channel_NN  between_IO  Africa_NP  and_CC  Sicily_NP  ,_,  the_AT1    Narrows_NP2    separating_VBG  the_AT1  western_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  Mediterranean_NP  (_(  see_VV0  map_NN  )_)  .  
  their_APP$  continued_JJ  possession_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  important_JJ  strategic_JJ  point_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  constantly_RR  questioned_VBN  by_IO  Tunis_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  some_DD  surprise_NN  when_CS Bourguiba_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Tunisian_JJ  President_NNSB1  ,_,  suddenly_RR  decided_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  to_TO  attempt_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  port_NN  by_IO  force_NN  .  
  Tunisia_NP  has_VHZ  given_VBN  aid_NN  and_CC  shelter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1    rebel_NN    Algerian_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  much_DA  bitter_JJ  fighting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Algerian_JJ  nationalists_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  Tunisian_JJ  frontier_NN  .  
  factory_NN  meetings_NNS  at_IO  lunch_NN  hours_NNS  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  now_RL  the_AT1  west_NN1  of_IO  Scotland_NP  \0N.C.L.C_NP  has_VHZ  always_RR  managed_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  classes_NNS  or_CC  discussion_NN  groups_NNS  during_IO  factory_NN  lunch_NN  hours_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  such_DA  classes_NNS  are_VBR  possible_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  industrial_JJ  areas_NNS  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0N.C.L.C_NP  organisers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  question_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  not_XX  already_RR  done_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  will_VM  any_DD  Plebs_NP  reader_NN  who_PNQS thinks_VBZ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  class_NN  or_CC  discussion_NN  group_NN  going_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  factory_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  lunch_NN  hour_NN  please_UH  drop_VV0  a_AT1  line_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0N.C.L.C_NP  ,_,  Tillicoultry_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  passed_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  organiser_NN  concerned_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  too_RR  that_CS  in_IO  your_APP$  works_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  works_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  apprentices_NNS  a_AT1  half-hour_NN  off_RP  to_TO  learn_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  union_NN  movement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0N.C.L.C_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  send_VV0  a_AT1  speaker_NN  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  meeting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  approach_VV0  the_AT1  management_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  assistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  shop_NN  steward_NN  .  
  history_NN  on_IO  film_NN  strip_NN  .  
  film-strip_NN  talks_NNS  play_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  role_NN  in_IO  many_DA  schools_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  should_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0N.C.L.C_NP  than_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  ,_,  because_CS  people_NNS  learn_VV0  through_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  through_IO  their_APP$  ears_NNS  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  looks_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  working-class_JJ  circulations_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  they_PPHS2  which_DDQ  have_VH0  the_AT1  most_DA  pictures_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  history_NN  film_NN  strips_NNS  available_JJ  is_VBZ    George_NP  3_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  revolutionary_JJ  wars_NNS  (_(  1760-1815_MC-MC  )_)    ,_,  published_VBN  by_IO  common_JJ  ground_NN  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  pamphlet_NN  of_IO  notes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  lecture_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  film_NN  strip_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  contains_VBZ  30_MC  pictures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  film_NN  strip_NN  is_VBZ  broken_VBN  up_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  sections_NNS  :_:    King_NNSB1  and_CC  parliament_NN  ,_,  causes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  revolution_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  revolution_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  younger_JJ  Pitt_NP  in_IO  peace_NN  and_CC  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  slow_JJ  struggle_NN  towards_IO  victory_NN  .  
  Versailles_NP  revisited_VBN  .  
  by_IO  James_NP  Edward_NP  Holroyd_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  black_JJ  pocket-diary_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bodleian_JJ  Library_NNL1  there_EX  are_VBR  various_JJ  brief_JJ  pencilled_JJ  entries_NNS  which_DDQ  record_VV0  the_AT1  owner's_NN1$  holiday_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1901_MC  :_:  
    August_NN1  7_MC  \0St_NNSB1  Denis_NP  .  
  August_NN1  9_MC  Louvre_NP  buildings_NNS  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  :_:  
    August_NN1  10_MC  Versailles_NP  .    
  the_AT1  diary_NN  is_VBZ  signed_VBN  \0C_NP  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Moberly_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  fly-leaf_NN  .  
  that_DD1  laconic_JJ  entry_NN  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  starting-point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strange_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  English_JJ  women_NNS  who_PNQS saw_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  ,_,  Marie_NP  Antoinette_NP  and_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  entourage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  at_IO  Versailles_NP  on_IO  that_DD1  far-off_NN  summer_NN  afternoon_NN  .  
  the_AT1  experience_NN  lasted_VVD  only_RR  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  women_NNS  thought_VVD  so_RG  little_RR  of_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  discuss_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ;_;  did_VDD  not_XX  write_VV0  down_RP  any_DD  account_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  three_MC  months_NNS  ;_;  did_VDD  not_XX  publish_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  until_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  book_NN  appeared_VVD  pseudonymously_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO    an_AT1  adventure_NN    fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  in_IO  1911_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  aroused_VVD  controversy_NN  which_DDQ  continues_VBZ  today_NN1  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  women_NNS  ,_,  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  now_RL  know_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  Miss_NNSB1  Annie_NP  Moberly_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Eleanor_NP  Jourdain_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  of_IO  high_JJ  academic_JJ  standing_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  accounts_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  without_IO  confusion_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  careless_JJ  if_CS  not_XX  suspect_JJ  ;_;  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  research_NN  contradictory_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  accused_VBN  of_IO  altering_VBG  their_APP$  stories_NNS  ;_;  of_IO  adding_VBG  later_JJ  touches_NNS  which_DDQ  lifted_VVD  their_APP$  experience_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  day_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  rarified_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  women_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  somewhat_RR  hypersensitive_JJ  to_IO  criticism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  refute_VV0  any_DD  suggestion_NN  of_IO  collusion_NN  or_CC  conspiracy_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  deposited_VVD  their_APP$  letters_NNS  and_CC  papers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Bodleian_JJ  .  
  neither_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  is_VBZ  now_RL  alive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  echoes_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  adventure_NN    which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  described_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  most_RG  famous_JJ  ghost_NN  story_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN      still_RR  puzzle_VV0  the_AT1  inquirer_NN  .  
  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  victims_NNS  of_IO  hallucination_NN  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  only_RR  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  experiences_NNS  they_PPHS2  described_VVD  .  
  could_VM  their_APP$  adventure_NN  be_VB0  explained_VBN  in_IO  natural_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  or_CC  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  find_VV0  a_AT1  doorway_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  which_DDQ  enabled_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  participate_VV0  ,_,  however_CS briefly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sunset_NN  thoughts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  unhappy_JJ  queen_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  ghosts_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  palace_NN  of_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  echoing_JJ  halls_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  cha*?5teau_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  labyrinthine_JJ  walks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  park_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  stone_NN  benches_NNS  and_CC  frozen_JJ  statuary_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  haunted_JJ  gardens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP    all_DB  are_VBR  alike_RR  murmurous_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  footfalls_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  principal_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Hugh's_PPIO2  ,_,  Oxford_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  the_AT1  joint_JB  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  girls'_NN2  school_NN  at_IO  Watford_NP  on_IO  that_DD1  August_NN1  afternoon_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  establish_VV0  their_APP$  life-long_JJ  link_NN  with_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  their_APP$  respective_JJ  ages_NNS  were_VBDR  fifty-five_MC  and_CC  thirty-eight_MC  .  
  both_DB2  were_VBDR  daughters_NNS  of_IO  Anglican_JJ  clergy_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  seventh_MD  child_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bishop_NN  of_IO  Salisbury_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  previously_RR  been_VBN  headmaster_NN  of_IO  Winchester_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  acted_VBN  as_IO  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  secretary_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  lacking_VBG  formal_JJ  academic_JJ  qualifications_NNS  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  headship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  women's_NN2  college_NN  in_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  post_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  brought_VVD  considerable_JJ  gifts_NNS  of_IO  administration_NN  and_CC  undoubted_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1901_MC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seeking_VBG  a_AT1  vice-principal_NN  for_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Hugh's_PPIO2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sightseeing_NN  holiday_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain's_PPIO2  Paris_NP  flat_NN  as_IO  base_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  mutual_JJ  exploration_NN  of_IO  temperament_NN  and_CC  personality_NN  .  
  neither_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  claimed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  Versailles_NP  than_CS  occasional_JJ  casual_JJ  reading_NN  had_VHD  brought_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  very_RG  hazy_JJ  ideas_NNS  as_IO  to_II  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  or_CC  what_DDQ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  ,_,    Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  wrote_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  .  
    both_DB2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   thought_VVD  it_PPH1  might_VM  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  dull_JJ  expedition_NN  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  was_VBDZ  familiar_JJ  with_IO  French_NN1  and_CC  gave_VVD  lessons_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revolution_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  could_VM  read_VV0  French_NN1  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  not_XX  good_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  word_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   now_RL  follow_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  their_APP$  adventure_NN  at_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  tourists'_NN2  round_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  palace_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  general_JJ  direction_NN  in_IO  Baedeker_NP  and_CC  walked_VVD  down_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  grounds_NNS  until_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  forecourt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NP  Trianon_NP  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  walking_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  Avenue_NNL1  des_&FW  Deux_NP  Trianons_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  brought_VBN  them_PPHO1  immediately_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  entrance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  along_IO  a_AT1  lane_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  gate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  right-hand_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NP  Trianon_NP  forecourt_NN  .  
  after_IO  walking_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  turn_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  past_IO  some_DD  buildings_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  described_VVD  them_PPHO1  as_IO  farm_NN  buildings_NNS  and_CC  noted_VVD  that_CS  implements_NNS  ,_,  among_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  plough_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  lying_VBG  around_RP  .  
  in_IO  retrospect_NN  they_PPHS2  always_RR  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  passed_VVD  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  marked_VVD  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  adventure_NN    that_CS  from_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  they_PPHS2  trod_VVD  enchanted_JJ  ground_NN  .  
  only_RR  in_IO  retrospect_NN  ,_,  however_RR  :_:  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  walking_VBG  briskly_RR  and_CC  talking_VBG  with_IO  animation_NN  about_IO  England_NP  and_CC  their_APP$  mutual_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  recorded_VVD  that_CS  although_CS  the_AT1  weather_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  hot_JJ  all_DB  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sky_NN  was_VBDZ  somewhat_RR  overcast_JJ  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lively_JJ  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  blowing_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  park_NN  .  
  passing_VBG  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  path_NN  of_IO  three_MC  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  met_VVD  two_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  asked_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  told_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  straight_RR  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  dressed_VBN  in_IO  long_JJ  greyish-green_JJ  coats_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  ,_,  wore_VVD  small_JJ  three-cornered_JJ  hats_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  visitors_NNS  first_RR  spoke_VVD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  as_IO  gardeners_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  later_RRR  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  officials_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  remembered_VVD  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  a_AT1  detached_JJ  cottage_NN  with_IO  stone_NN  steps_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  woman_NN  and_CC  girl_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  apparently_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  notice_VV0  either_LE  the_AT1  cottage_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  occupants_NNS  .  
  unknown_JJ  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  visitors_NNS  now_RL  began_VVD  to_TO  experience_VV0  a_AT1  deepening_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  depression_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  noted_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  lost_VBN  their_APP$  way_NN  and_CC  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  after_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  continued_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  crossed_VBN  by_IO  another_DD1  at_IO  right-angles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  front_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  ,_,  overshadowed_VBN  by_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  building_NN  with_IO  roofed-in_JB  columns_NNS  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  original_JJ  notes_NNS  they_PPHS2  referred_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  as_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  de_&FW  l'Amour_&FW  ,_,  judging_VBG  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  this_DD1  from_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  published_JJ  account_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  described_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO    a_AT1  light_JJ  garden_NN  kiosk_NN  ,_,  circular_JJ  and_CC  like_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  bandstand_NN  .    
  a_AT1  man_NN  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  cloak_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  slouch_NN  hat_NN  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  kiosk_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  both_DB2  saw_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  expression_NN  was_VBDZ  evil_JJ  and_CC  repulsive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  growing_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  depression_NN  and_CC  unease_NN  culminated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  alarm_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  also_RR  recorded_VVD  that_CS    everything_PN1  suddenly_RR  looked_VVD  unnatural_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  unpleasant_JJ  ;_;  even_RR  the_AT1  trees_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  become_VBN  flat_JJ  and_CC  lifeless_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  wood_NN  worked_VBN  in_IO  tapestry_NN  .    
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  light_NN  and_CC  shade_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  wind_NN  stirred_VVD  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  intensely_RR  still_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  nothing_PN1  would_VM  induce_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN    presumably_RR  past_IO  the_AT1  seated_JJ  man_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  silence_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  relieved_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  someone_PN1  running_VBG  towards_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP    connecting_VBG  the_AT1  sound_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  gardeners_NNS  ,_,    saw_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN      distinctly_RR  a_AT1  gentleman_NN      who_PNQS also_RR  wore_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  sombrero_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dark_JJ  cloak_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  flying_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  prodigious_JJ  hurry_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  French_NN1  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  disappeared_VVD  and_CC  they_PPHS2  heard_VVD  his_APP$  retreating_JJ  footsteps_NNS  ,_,  still_RR  running_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  visitors_NNS  then_RL  crossed_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  rustic_JJ  bridge_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  ravine_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  trickle_NN  of_IO  water_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  followed_VVD  a_AT1  pathway_NN  under_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  skirted_VVD  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  meadow_NN  of_IO  long_JJ  grass_NN  ,_,  damp_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  an_AT1  orchard_NN  look_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  realise_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  English_JJ  garden_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  .  
  the_AT1  windows_NNS  facing_VBG  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  apparently_RR  shuttered_JJ  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  bordering_VBG  the_AT1  north_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  fronts_NNS  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  noticed_VVD  a_AT1  woman_NN  sitting_VBG  below_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  terrace_NN  and_CC  holding_VBG  a_AT1  paper_NN  at_IO  arm's-length_NN  as_CS  if_CS  sketching_VBG  .  
  afterwards_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  dress_NN  with_IO  some_DD  particularity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  noted_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tourist_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  her_APP$  dress_NN  was_VBDZ  old-fashioned_JJ  and_CC  rather_RR  unusual_JJ  (_(  though_CS  people_NNS  were_VBDR  wearing_VBG  fichu_NN  bodices_NNS  that_DD1  summer_NN  )_)  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  subsequently_RR  identified_VVD  the_AT1  woman_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  photograph_NN  as_CS  being_VBG  Marie_NP  Antoinette_NP  .  
  later_RRR  it_PPH1  emerged_VVD  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  noticed_VBN  anyone_PN1  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  asserted_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  in_IO  sight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  visitors_NNS  then_RL  crossed_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  terrace_NN  fronting_VBG  the_AT1  French_JJ  garden_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  moving_VBG  towards_IO  an_AT1  unshuttered_JJ  window_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  garden_NN  side_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  heard_VVD  a_AT1  door_NN  bang_VV0  and_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  (_(  afterwards_RR  described_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  chapel_NN  man_NN    )_)  stepped_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  from_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  second_MD  house_NN  at_IO  right-angles_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  way_NN  in_RP  was_VBDZ  by_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  court_NN  and_CC  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  garden_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  to_IO  an_AT1  exit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  drive_NN  .  
  the_AT1  visitors_NNS  then_RL  went_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  forecourt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  followed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  wedding-party_NN  walking_VBG  arm_NN  in_IO  arm_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  procession_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  too_RG  far_RR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  guide_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  story_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  noted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  depression_NN  had_VHD  passed_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  now_RL  felt_VBN  quite_RR  lively_JJ  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  drove_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  tea_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Ho*?5tel_NP  des_&FW  Reservoirs_NP  in_IO  Versailles_NP  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  speak_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  events_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  had_VHD  put_VBN  on_RP  her_APP$  coat_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  they_PPHS2  later_RRR  returned_VVD  to_IO  Paris_NP  by_IO  train_NN  she_PPHO1  noted_VVD  that_CS    the_AT1  setting_JJ  sun_NN  at_RR  last_RR  burst_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  under_IO  the_AT1  clouds_NNS  .    
    again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  the_AT1  thought_NN  returned_VVD    was_VBDZ  Marie_NP  Antoinette_NP  much_RR  at_IO  Trianon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  see_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  long_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  fatal_JJ  drive_NN  to_IO  Paris_NP  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  mob_NN  .    
  that_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  plain_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  adventure_NN  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  commonplace_JJ  experience_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  remained_VBN  ,_,  but_IO  for_II  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  circumstances_NNS  that_PNQS followed_VVD  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  women_NNS  stayed_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  Paris_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  asserted_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  never_RR  alluded_VVD  to_IO  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  until_CS  ,_,  a_AT1  week_NN  afterwards_RR  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  suddenly_RR  asked_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  if_CS  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  Petit_NP  Trianon_NP  was_VBDZ  haunted_VBN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  promptly_RR  answered_VVD      yes_UH  ,_,    and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  aware_JJ  that_CS  their_APP$  feelings_NNS  of_IO  depression_NN  and_CC  anxiety_NN  had_VHD  begun_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  point_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  journey_NN  .  
  talking_VBG  it_PPH1  over_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  realised_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  the_AT1  theatrical_JJ  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  running_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  inappropriateness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  wrapped_JJ  cloak_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  warm_JJ  summer_NN  afternoon_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  also_RR  admitted_VVD  having_VHG  disliked_VBN  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  passing_VBG  the_AT1  seated_JJ  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  kiosk_NN  .  
  on_IO  November_NN1  10_MC  ,_,  1901_MC  ,_,  three_MC  months_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  was_VBDZ  staying_VBG  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  at_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  discover_VV0  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Jourdain_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  the_AT1  sketching_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  thereupon_RR  they_PPHS2  resolved_VVD  to_TO  write_VV0  down_RP  separate_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  how_CS far_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  seen_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  things_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  first_MD  accounts_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  dated_VBN  November_NN1  1901_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  still_RR  in_IO  existence_NN  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Bodleian_JJ  .  
  (_(  for_IO  convenience_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO  M1_ZZ1  and_CC  J1_ZZ1  .  )_)  
  during_IO  November_NN1  and_CC  December_NN1  they_PPHS2  also_RR  wrote_VVD  two_MC  more_RG  detailed_JJ  accounts_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO  M2_ZZ1  and_CC  J2_ZZ1  )_)  to_TO  show_VV0  to_IO  friends_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  longer_JJ  accounts_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  versions_NNS  that_PNQS appeared_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  book_NN  published_VBN  in_IO  1911_MC  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  documents_NNS  of_IO  M2_ZZ1  and_CC  J2_ZZ1  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  in_IO  existence_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  lost_VBN  or_CC  destroyed_VBN  after_IO  being_VBG  copied_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  manuscript_NN  book_NN  in_IO  1906_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  here_RL  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1901_MC  ,_,  before_CS  either_LE  had_VHD  written_VBN  down_RP  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Moberly_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  friends_NNS  about_IO  their_APP$    ghost_NN  story_NN  .    
  what_DDQ  did_VDD  you_PPY  dream_VV0  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  a_AT1  saucer_NN  of_IO  wedding_NN  rings_NNS  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  before_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  twice_RR  in_IO  succession_NN  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  wedding_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  most_RG  distinct_JJ  and_CC  realistic_JJ  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  dream_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  married_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  room_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  registry_NN  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  ring_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  several_DA  in_IO  a_AT1  saucer_NN  and_CC  placed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  then_RL  my_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  came_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  an_AT1  open-necked_JJ  shirt_NN  on_RP  and_CC  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  ring_NN  ,_,  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  my_APP$  finger_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    people_NNS  will_VM  wonder_VV0  why_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  an_AT1  engagement_NN  ring_NN  .    
  with_IO  that_DD1  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  out_RP  together_RR  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0M_NP  ,_,  Derby_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  you_PPY  are_VBR  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  your_APP$  present_JJ  relationship_NN  with_IO  your_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  picking_VBG  at_RR  random_RR  a_AT1  ring_NN  offered_VBN  to_IO  you_PPY  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  saucer_NN  indicates_VBZ  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  .  
  your_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  appears_VBZ  so_RG  unsuitably_RR  dressed_VBN  because_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  sure_JJ  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  right_JJ  man_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  your_APP$  remark_NN  indicates_VBZ  you_PPY  are_VBR  uneasy_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  things_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  present_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  walking_VBG  out_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  you_PPY  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  just_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  his_APP$  company_NN  .  
  advice_NN    
  you_PPY  must_VM  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  situation_NN  with_IO  your_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  intend_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  clean_JJ  break_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  best_JJT  .  
  her_APP$  door_NN  is_VBZ  battered_VBN  open_JJ    and_CC  in_RP  walk_VV0  two_MC  bulls_NNS  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  dream_NN  ,_,  two_MC  bulls_NNS  batter_VV0  upon_IO  my_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  open_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  divide_VV0  my_APP$  only_DA  loaf_NN  of_IO  bread_NN  equally_RR  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  a_AT1  larger_JJ  piece_NN  than_IO  his_APP$  companion_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  becomes_VBZ  angry_JJ  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  drink_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  horse-trough_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  peacefully_RR  away_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  they_PPHS2  will_VM  always_RR  return_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  main_JB  thought_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  nice_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  show_VV0  any_DD  preference_NN  either_LE  way_NN  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0T_NP  ,_,  Essex_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  the_AT1  two_MC  bulls_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  dream_NN  are_VBR  men_NNS  who_PNQS seek_VV0  your_APP$  friendship_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  probably_RR  two_MC  men_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  up_RP  your_APP$  mind_NN  which_WDTI  one_MC1  you_PPY  would_VM  rather_RR  have_VH0  .  
  advice_NN    
  you_PPY  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  slightly_RR  immature_JJ  in_IO  your_APP$  outlook_NN  on_IO  life_NN  .  
  try_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  sincere_JJ  and_CC  serious_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  can_VM  n't_XX  escape_VV0  that_DD1  voice_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  nagging_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  blamed_VVD  me_PPIO1  for_IO  dressing_VBG  a_AT1  two-year-old_JB  boy_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  hot_JJ  day_NN  in_IO  heavy_JJ  clothing_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  tussore_NN  silk_NN  .  
  the_AT1  voice_NN  kept_VVD  on_RP  urging_VBG  and_CC  nagging_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  lighter_JJ  dress_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  unmarried_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  my_APP$  sixties_MC2  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  \0M_NP  \0M_NP  ,_,  Bath_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  the_AT1    voice_NN  of_IO  nagging_JJ  authority_NN    quite_RR  likely_RR  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  your_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  abuses_VBZ  you_PPY  for_IO  being_VBG  unable_JJ  to_TO  handle_VV0  a_AT1  baby_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  unfit_JJ  to_TO  marry_VV0  .  
  advice_NN    
  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  .  
  try_VV0  to_TO  forget_VV0  about_IO  your_APP$  mother's_NN1$  former_DA  domineering_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  you_PPY  .  
  a_AT1  belt_NN  filled_VBN  with_IO  diamonds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  crowded_JJ  room_NN  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  midst_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  a_AT1  reputation_NN  for_IO  going_VBG  after_IO  men_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  husband_NN  walked_VVD  in_RP  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  doll_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  fur_NN  fabric_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  price_NN  tag_NN  of_IO  thirty-five_MC  and_CC  six_MC  attached_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  the_AT1  doll_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lap_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  gift_NN  would_VM  please_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  furious_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  calm_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  handing_VBG  over_RP  a_AT1  pink_JJ  felt_NN  belt_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  pin_NN  stuck_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  angry_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    your_APP$  present_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  valuable_JJ  than_IO  hers_PP$  .  
  open_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  diamonds_NNS  !_!    
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  belt_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  fell_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  hesitated_VVD  to_TO  open_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  before_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  any_DD  decision_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  woke_VVD  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  happily_RR  married_VBN  for_IO  twenty-one_MC1  years_NNS  and_CC  love_VV0  my_APP$  husband_NN  very_RG  much_RR  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0B_NP  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  ,_,  Jersey_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS happily_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  married_VBN  and_CC  how_CS much_RR  you_PPY  trust_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  suspicion_NN  ,_,  tinged_VBN  with_IO  jealousy_NN  ,_,  will_VM  occur_VV0  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  love_VV0  him_PPHO1  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  your_APP$  dream_NN  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS  another_DD1  woman_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  please_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  more_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  .  
  he_PPHO1  walks_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  and_CC  gives_VBZ  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  doll_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  the_AT1  belt_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  the_AT1  doll_NN  looks_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  valuable_JJ  item_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  your_APP$  husband_NN  tells_VBZ  you_PPY  the_AT1  belt_NN  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  diamonds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  you_PPY  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  open_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  fearing_VBG  that_CS  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  diamonds_NNS  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  there_RL  .  
  advice_NN    
  despite_IO  your_APP$  happy_JJ  marriage_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  shred_NN  of_IO  distrust_NN  toward_IO  your_APP$  husband_NN  .  
  search_VV0  your_APP$  memory_NN  ,_,  find_VV0  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  tell_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  this_DD1  slight_JJ  shadow_NN  of_IO  suspicion_NN  will_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  trouble_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  strange_JJ  encounter_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  talking_JJ  snake_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  shortly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  water-hole_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  my_APP$  aunt_NN  and_CC  uncle_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  visit_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  seeing_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  their_APP$  car_NN  a_AT1  great_JJ  snake_NN  rose_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  hole_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  chase_VV0  us_PPIO2   round_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  caught_VVD  Uncle_NNSB1  and_CC  squashed_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  death_NN  .  
  next_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  caught_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  aunt_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  cried_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  
    please_UH  ,_,  snake_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  kill_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  instead_RR  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    the_AT1  snake_NN  replied_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  only_RR  kill_VV0  wicked_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  guard_VV0  your_APP$  house_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  on_IO  condition_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  bake_VV0  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  apple_NN  pie_NN  every_AT1  day_NN  .    
  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  and_CC  the_AT1  snake_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  friendly_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  week_NN  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  weather_NN  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  chilly_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  home_NN1  .    
  there_RL  my_APP$  dream_NN  ended_VVD  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  \0R_NP  ,_,  Bolton_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  your_APP$  dream_NN  concerns_VBZ  your_APP$  fiance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  snake_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  manliness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  no_AT1  interference_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  he_PPHO1  enjoys_VBZ  in_IO  your_APP$  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  snake_NN  kills_VBZ  your_APP$  uncle_NN  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lets_VBZ  your_APP$  aunt_NN  go_VV0  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  become_VV0  a_AT1  rival_NN  .  
  now_RL  you_PPY  offer_VV0  yourself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  snake_NN  to_TO  save_VV0  your_APP$  aunt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  snake_NN  becomes_VBZ  your_APP$  guardian_NN  (_(  husband_NN  )_)  .  
  advice_NN    
  your_APP$  dream_NN  clearly_RR  expresses_VBZ  you_PPY  have_VH0  certain_JJ  doubts_NNS  about_IO  yourself_PPX1  or_CC  your_APP$  fiance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  afraid_JJ  that_CS  with_IO  him_PPHO1  you_PPY  will_VM  lead_VV0  a_AT1  rather_RR  lonely_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  get_VV0  tired_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  leave_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  future_NN  fully_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  make_VV0  the_AT1  final_JJ  decision_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  door_NN  after_IO  door_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  my_APP$  friend_NN  driving_VBG  an_AT1  old_JJ  car_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  three_MC  boy_NN  passengers_NNS  were_VBDR  all_DB  wearing_VBG  crash_NN  helmets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  car_NN  swerved_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  footpath_NN  and_CC  crashed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  was_VBDZ  hurt_VBN  .  
  my_APP$  girl_NN  friend_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  hotel_NN  in_IO  town_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  injured_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  into_IO  every_AT1  room_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  but_CCB  could_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  \0W_NP  ,_,  Kilmarnock_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  you_PPY  envy_VV0  your_APP$  girl_NN  friend_NN  who_PNQS embarks_VBZ  on_IO  adventures_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  precautions_NNS    the_AT1  crash_NN  helmets_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  explains_VBZ  her_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  events_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  other_DA  girls_NNS  might_VM  get_VV0  hurt_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  not_XX  to_TO  offer_VV0  sympathy_NN  but_CCB  to_TO  ask_VV0  her_PPHO1  how_CS she_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  predicaments_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  fully_RR  approve_VV0  of_IO  her_APP$  behaviour_NN  .  
  advice_NN    
  do_VD0  not_XX  try_VV0  to_TO  model_VV0  yourself_PPX1  on_IO  your_APP$  girl_NN  friend_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  may_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  enjoying_VBG  herself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  she_PPHO1  will_VM  regret_VV0  her_APP$  recklessness_NN  .  
  an_AT1  aeroplane_NN  shoots_VBZ  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  this_DD1  dream_NN  twice_RR  recently_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  in_IO  a_AT1  grocer's_NN1$  shop_NN  and_CC  just_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  come_VV0  out_RP  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  an_AT1  aeroplane_NN  hovering_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  it_PPH1  starts_VBZ  to_TO  fire_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  wounded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  arm_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  eighteen_MC  .  
  could_VM  you_PPY  please_UH  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0W_NP  ,_,  Scotland_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  your_APP$  dream_NN  indicates_VBZ  a_AT1  fear_NN  that_CS  someone_PN1  might_VM  get_VV0  you_PPY  involved_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  unexpected_JJ  prank_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  sufferer_NN  .  
  advice_NN    
  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  anyone_PN1  ,_,  friend_NN  or_CC  relative_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS constantly_RR  teases_VBZ  you_PPY  and_CC  tries_VBZ  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  inferior_JJ  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  impression_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  too_RG  young_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  ,_,  stop_VV0  seeing_VBG  that_DD1  person_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  where_CS you_PPY  live_VV0  ,_,  change_VV0  your_APP$  abode_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  teaser_NN  happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  your_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  make_VV0  a_AT1  solid_JJ  stand_NN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  hold_VV0  your_APP$  status_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  capable_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  wants_VBZ  her_APP$  husband_NN    but_CCB  can_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  old_JJ  home_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  now_RL  a_AT1  tourist_NN  attraction_NN  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  turned_VVD  down_IO  a_AT1  lane_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  .  
  two_MC  queer_JJ  looking_JJ  animals_NNS  were_VBDR  chasing_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  round_IO  a_AT1  pool_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  very_RG  unhappy_JJ  and_CC  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  my_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  excuse_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  down_RP  there_RL  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS turned_VVD  into_IO  my_APP$  sister-in-law_NN  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  how_CS I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  about_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  desperate_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  stay_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  holiday_NN  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0T_NP  ,_,  Coventry_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  the_AT1  young_JJ  woman_NN  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  lead_VV0  you_PPY  astray_RR  .  
  you_PPY  follow_VV0  her_PPHO1  despite_IO  your_APP$  knowledge_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  doing_VBG  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  queer_JJ  animals_NNS  frighten_VV0  you_PPY  and_CC  you_PPY  blame_VV0  your_APP$  sister-in-law_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  troubles_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  your_APP$  husband_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  coming_VBG  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  holiday_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  you_PPY  apparently_RR  dislike_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  may_VM  even_RR  despise_VV0  .  
  advice_NN    
  you_PPY  are_VBR  frightened_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  your_APP$  sister-in-law_NN  has_VHZ  over_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  object_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  your_APP$  dream_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  tried_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  whatever_DDQ  problem_NN  you_PPY  face_VV0  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  do_VD0  it_PPH1  in_IO  real_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  how_CS you_PPY  feel_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  try_VV0  to_TO  solve_VV0  it_PPH1  together_RR  .  
    stop_VV0  that_DD1  girl_NN  !_!    they_PPHS2  shouted_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG  a_AT1  bus_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  road_NN  at_IO  about_RR  eighty_MC  miles_NNS  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  without_IO  warning_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suddenly_RR  turned_VVD  down_IO  a_AT1  side_NN  street_NN  ,_,  causing_VBG  an_AT1  accident_NN  with_IO  another_DD1  bus_NN  coming_VBG  up_RP  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  bus_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  for_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  a_AT1  crowd_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  chasing_VBG  after_IO  me_PPIO1  shouting_VBG  :_:  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  her_PPHO1  !_!  
  stop_VV0  that_DD1  girl_NN  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  just_RR  caused_VBN  an_AT1  accident_NN  !_!      
  Miss_NNSB1  \0B_NP  \0I_NP  ,_,  Bradford_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  driving_VBG  a_AT1  vehicle_NN  means_VBZ  you_PPY  have_VH0  an_AT1  intense_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  command_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  life_NN  .  
  driving_VBG  the_AT1  bus_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  speed_NN  ,_,  causing_VBG  an_AT1  accident_NN  and_CC  then_RL  trying_VBG  to_TO  escape_VV0  instead_RR  of_IO  facing_VBG  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  indicates_VBZ  you_PPY  could_VM  be_VB0  already_RR  involved_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  adventure_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  have_VH0  serious_JJ  and_CC  damaging_JJ  consequences_NNS    not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  other_DA  people_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  advice_NN    
  if_CS  my_APP$  assumption_NN  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  and_CC  you_PPY  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  embark_VV0  on_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adventure_NN    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  love-affair_NN    take_VV0  the_AT1  dream's_NN1$  warning_NN  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  dream_NN  is_VBZ  merely_RR  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  state_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  peace_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  attractive_JJ  stranger_NN  gives_VBZ  her_APP$  flowers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  I_PPIS1  dream_VV0  about_IO  passes_VBZ  my_APP$  home_NN1  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  only_RR  said_VBN      good-morning_UH    to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  two_MC  of_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  husband_NN  is_VBZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  jealous_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  my_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  as_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  passed_VVD  by_RP  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  picked_VVD  some_DD  flowers_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  my_APP$  husband_NN  some_DD  tall_JJ  ,_,  red_JJ  flowers_NNS  and_CC  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  posy_NN  of_IO  pansies_NNS  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0H_NP  Somerset_NP  .  
  explanation_NN    
  you_PPY  are_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  amends_NNS  for_IO  your_APP$  husband's_NN1$  jealousy_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  stranger_NN  strikes_VBZ  up_RP  a_AT1  friendship_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gives_VBZ  flowers_NNS  to_IO  both_DB2  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  advice_NN    
  do_VD0  n't_XX  let_VV0  your_APP$  husband's_NN1$  jealousy_NN  get_VV0  you_PPY  down_RP  .  
  whenever_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  attack_NN  of_IO  jealousy_NN  ,_,  face_VV0  him_PPHO1  squarely_RR  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  brow-beat_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  visits_VBZ  far-away_JB  places_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sleeps_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  dreamed_VBN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Austria_NP  ,_,  twice_RR  in_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  once_RR  in_IO  France_NP  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  witness_NN  .  
    take_VV0  the_AT1  book_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  and_CC  repeat_VV0  after_IO  me_PPIO1  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  swear_VV0  by_IO  almighty_JJ  God_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  evidence_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  give_VV0  shall_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  truth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .    
  you_PPY  lay_VV0  the_AT1  testament_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  witness-box_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  prosecuting_JJ  advocate_NN  rustles_VBZ  through_RP  his_APP$  papers_NNS  .  
  your_APP$  mouth_NN  feels_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  dry_JJ  .  
  why_CS this_DD1  sudden_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  guilt_NN  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  done_VBN  nothing_PN1  wrong_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  doing_VBG  your_APP$  duty_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  citizen_NN  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  stake_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  murder_NN  trial_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  motorist_NN  is_VBZ  found_VBN  guilty_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  only_RR  suffer_VV0  a_AT1  fine_NN  .  
  surely_RR  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  question_VV0  your_APP$  honest_JJ  recollection_NN  .  
  or_CC  can_VM  they_PPHS2  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  and_CC  slightly_RR  above_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  magistrate_NN  watches_VBZ  you_PPY  ,_,  reflectively_RR  .  
  to_IO  your_APP$  right_NN  and_CC  slightly_RR  below_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  defending_JJ  advocate_NN  is_VBZ  watching_VBG  you_PPY  with_IO  a_AT1  marked_JJ  intensity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  prosecutor_NN  finds_VBZ  the_AT1  page_NN  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  and_CC  clears_VBZ  his_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  looks_VBZ  at_IO  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  question_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  witness_NN  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  know_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  can_VM  guess_VV0  ,_,  roughly_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  how_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  sworn_VBN  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  on_IO  your_APP$  oath_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   face_VV0  one_MC1  fact_NN  which_DDQ  every_AT1  lawyer_NN  knows_VBZ  ,_,  though_CS  few_DA  will_VM  admit_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  honesty_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  oath_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  irrelevant_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  court_NN  to_TO  lie_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  lie_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  you_PPY  have_VH0  sworn_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  black_JJ  book_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  oath_NN  has_VHZ  one_MC1  very_RG  useful_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  decide_VV0  to_TO  lie_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  are_VBR  caught_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  oath_NN  enables_VBZ  the_AT1  police_NNS  to_TO  charge_VV0  you_PPY  with_IO  perjury_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  will_VM  pay_VV0  dearly_RR  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  false_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  case_NN  .  
  when_CS two_MC  honest_JJ  witnesses_NNS  give_VV0  diametrically_RR  opposite_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  event_NN  ,_,  how_CS can_VM  anyone_PN1  prove_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  evidence_NN  you_PPY  gave_VVD  was_VBDZ  deliberately_RR  false_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  liar_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  person_NN  the_AT1  advocate_NN  dreads_VBZ  least_RBT  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  easiest_JJT  to_TO  spot_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  easiest_JJT  to_TO  trap_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  little_JJ  slip_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  start_VV0  inventing_VBG  lies_NNS  on_IO  your_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  cover_VV0  up_RP  that_DD1  slip_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  will_VM  involve_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  another_DD1  lie_NN    and_CC  another_DD1    and_CC  another_DD1  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  advocate_NN  knows_VBZ  his_APP$  job_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  suddenly_RR  wake_VV0  up_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  fifth_MD  or_CC  sixth_MD  lie_NN  directly_RR  contradicts_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  second_MD  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  've_VH0  had_VHN  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  instances_NNS  of_IO  deliberate_JJ  perjury_NN    at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  minor_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  looking_VBG  back_RP  over_IO  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  thousand_MC  cases_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  came_VVD  across_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  liars_NNS    real_JJ  liars_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS gave_VVD  a_AT1  deliberately_RR  false_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  facts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  among_IO  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  cross-examined_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  many_DA  patently_RR  wrong_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  incidents_NNS  given_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  honesty_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  instances_NNS  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  convince_VV0  the_AT1  witness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  recollection_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  mistaken_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  witness_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  with_IO  few_DA  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  basically_RR  honest_JJ  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  in_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  case_NN  witnesses_NNS  conflict_VV0  completely_RR  .  
  how_CS can_VM  this_DD1  be_VB0  .  
  simply_RR  because_CS  everyone_PN1  sees_VBZ  an_AT1  incident_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  his_APP$  true_JJ  recollection_NN  of_IO  any_DD  set_NN  of_IO  facts_NNS  will_VM  really_RR  consist_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  isolated_JJ  flashes_NNS  of_IO  sight_NN  or_CC  sound_NN  .  
  his_APP$  imagination_NN  will_VM  then_RL  set_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  to_TO  connect_VV0  up_RP  those_DD2  flashes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  human_JJ  mind_NN  simply_RR  will_VM  not_XX  tolerate_VV0  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  unconnected_JJ  incidents_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  arrange_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  fit_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  person's_NN1$  experience_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  prejudices_NNS  .  
  when_CS his_APP$  mind_NN  has_VHZ  done_VBN  this_DD1  work_NN  ,_,  all_DB  in_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  that_DD1  person's_NN1$  absolutely_RR  honest_JJ  recollection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  incident_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  totally_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  what_DDQ  actually_RR  happened_VVD  .  
  considering_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  terrifying_JJ  to_TO  realize_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  witness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fallibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  honest_JJ  recollection_NN  is_VBZ  fearful_JJ  !_!  
  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  skidmarks_NNS  ,_,  fingerprints_NNS  ,_,  circumstantial_JJ  evidence_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  time_NN  !_!  
  these_DD2  things_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  capable_JJ  of_IO  explanation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  interpretation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  totally_RR  false_JJ  picture_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  in_IO  absolute_JJ  honesty_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  sincere_JJ  and_CC  truthful_JJ  witness_NN  .  
  put_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  .  
  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  advocate_NN  in_IO  court_NN  rests_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  witness's_NN1$  honest_JJ  recollection_NN  being_VBG  fully_RR  tested_VBN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  comes_VBZ  before_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  charged_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  driving_VBG  dangerously_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  really_RR  means_VBZ  is_VBZ  that_CS    in_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  witnesses_NNS  ,_,  whom_WPO  you_PPY  will_VM  see_VV0  and_CC  hear_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG  dangerously_RR  .    
  and_CC  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  called_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  are_VBR  already_RR  committed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  while_CS  those_DD2  called_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  are_VBR  already_RR  committed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  opinion_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  witness_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  persuaded_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  advocate_NN  in_IO  cross-examination_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  honest_JJ  ,_,  preconceived_JJ  opinion_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  that_DD1  witness's_NN1$  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  suffers_VBZ  a_AT1  major_JJ  blow_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  defending_JJ  advocate_NN  is_VBZ  watching_VBG  you_PPY  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  with_IO  such_DA  intensity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  read_VV0  your_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  to_TO  understand_VV0  your_APP$  prejudices_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  assess_VV0  your_APP$  qualities_NNS  of_IO  reason_NN  and_CC  of_IO  reasonableness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  appearance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  prosecuting_JJ  advocate_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  your_APP$  side_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  your_APP$  statement_NN  before_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  only_RR  has_VHZ  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  you_PPY  say_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  steel_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  his_APP$  object_NN  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  his_APP$  salt_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  put_VV0  you_PPY  at_IO  your_APP$  ease_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  prosecutor_NN  sits_VBZ  down_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  defence_NN  advocate_NN  rises_VBZ  to_TO  cross-examine_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  your_APP$  moment_NN  of_IO  truth_NN  .  
  you_PPY  steel_VV0  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  mentally_RR  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  ready_JJ  to_TO  anticipate_VV0  every_AT1  question_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  attack_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  honesty_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  questioned_VBN  is_VBZ  your_APP$  accuracy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  opening_JJ  questions_NNS  will_VM  very_RG  probably_RR  be_VB0  polite_JJ  ,_,  respectful_JJ  ,_,  soothing_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  advocate_NN  wants_VBZ  your_APP$  co-operation_NN  .  
  time_NN  enough_DD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  attack_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  fails_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  relax_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  rethink_VV0  the_AT1  incident_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  calmly_RR  ,_,  logically_RR    and_CC  from_IO  his_APP$  client's_NN1$  standpoint_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  already_RR  have_VH0  decided_VBN  the_AT1  point_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  you_PPY  are_VBR  most_RG  easily_RR  open_JJ  to_IO  persuasion_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  seeking_VBG  information_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  never_RR  ask_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  single_JJ  question_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  pretty_RR  sure_JJ  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  answer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  recall_VV0  a_AT1  matrimonial_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  some_DD  ten_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  follow_VV0  this_DD1  principle_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  appearing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  husband_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  unhappy-looking_JJ  wretch_NN  ,_,  battered_VBN  and_CC  bruised_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  attack_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  come_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  climax_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  of_IO  bullying_JJ  treatment_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  huge_JJ  ,_,  muscular_JJ  female_NN  who_PNQS now_RL  glared_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  from_IO  the_AT1  witness-box_NN  .  
  the_AT1  visual_JJ  contrast_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    Madam_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  pointing_VBG  out_RP  my_APP$  cringing_JJ  client_NN  ,_,    are_VBR  you_PPY  telling_VBG  the_AT1  court_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  poor_JJ  little_JJ  physical_JJ  wreck_NN  attacked_VVD  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  described_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  snorted_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  physical_JJ  wreck_NN  until_CS  after_CS  he_PPHO1  attacked_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  described_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  and_CC  my_APP$  case_NN  never_RR  recovered_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0Q.C_NNSB1    this_DD1  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  .  
  by_IO  Gordon_NP  Thomas_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  shy_JJ    even_RR  colourless_JJ    little_JJ  man_NN  a_AT1  great_JJ  criminal_JJ  lawyer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  slightly_RR  built_JJ  Queen's_NNSB2  counsel_NN  rustles_VBZ  his_APP$  newly-laundered_JJ  gown_NN  and_CC  settles_VBZ  his_APP$  bobbed_JJ  wig_NN  more_RG  firmly_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  brow_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  hushed_JJ  ,_,  expectant_JJ  courtroom_NN  ,_,  everyone_PN1  leans_VBZ  forward_RR  to_TO  catch_VV0  and_CC  savour_VV0  his_APP$  opening_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  scene_NN  at_IO  Lewes_NP  assizes_NNS  as_IO  Frederick_NP  Geoffrey_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  \0Q.C_NNSB1  ,_,  steps_VBZ  forward_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  as_IO  crown_NN  counsel_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  murder_NN  case_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  ,_,  on_IO  trial_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  three_MC  youths_NNS  ,_,  accused_VBN  of_IO  shooting_VBG  down_RP  an_AT1  unarmed_JJ  guard_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Worthing_NP  bank_NN  raid_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  the_AT1  gentle-looking_JJ  barrister_NN  will_VM  peer_VV0  owlishly_RR  around_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  taking_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  jury_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  defendants_NNS  and_CC  spectators_NNS  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  soft_JJ  ,_,  level_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  reveal_VV0  once_RR  more_RRR  the_AT1  eloquent_JJ  gift_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  ablest_JJT  advocates_NNS  in_IO  British_JJ  legal_JJ  history_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gift_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  face_VV0  its_APP$  sternest_JJT  test_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  Worthing_NP  shooting_NN  case_NN  .  
  for_CS  Lawrence_NP  is_VBZ  returning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  bar_NN  after_IO  an_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  since_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  his_APP$  position_NN  as_IO  vice-chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  council_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  court_NN    and_CC  elsewhere_RR    have_VH0  kept_VBN  him_PPHO1  busy_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  returning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  dramatic_JJ  legal_JJ  arena_NN  of_IO  all_DB    the_AT1  murder_NN  court_NN  .  
  controlled_JJ  logic_NN  .  
  shy_JJ  and_CC  retiring_JJ  ,_,  Lawrence_NP  is_VBZ  often_RR  dismissed_VBN  as_CS    not_XX  really_RR  worth_IO  his_APP$  reputation_NN  .    
  but_CCB  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  unhappy_JJ  people_NNS  have_VH0  found_VBN  this_DD1  sneer_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  untrue_JJ    usually_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  driven_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  prison_NN  .  
  not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  Lawrence's_PPIO2  name_NN  meant_VVD  little_DA  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  n't_XX  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  beside_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  chambers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1  .  
  then_RL  one_MC1  day_NN  this_DD1  little_JJ  man_NN    five_MC  feet_NNS  five_MC  inches_NNS  of_IO  controlled_JJ  logic_NN    rose_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  to_TO  defend_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  John_NP  Bodkin_NP  Adams_NP  ,_,  accused_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Old_NP  Bailey_NP  of_IO  poisoning_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  patients_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  sensational_JJ  murder_NN  trials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  defence_NN  had_VHD  picked_VBN  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  a_AT1    nobody_PN1    in_IO  criminal_JJ  matters_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  barrister_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  forensic_JJ  medicine_NN  .  
  for_IO  forty_MC  hours_NNS  of_IO  relentless_JJ  questioning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  gentle-voiced_JJ  advocate_NN  picked_VVD  expert_JJ  holes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  prosecution's_NN1$  case_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  trial_NN  lasting_VBG  seventeen_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  Eastbourne_NP  doctor_NN  acquitted_VBN  .  
  for_IO  Frederick_NP  Geoffrey_NP  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  famous_JJ  victory_NN  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  seventeen_MC  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  earned_VBN  himself_PPX1  more_DA  fame_NN  than_CS  in_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  Lawrence_NP  learned_VVD  his_APP$  craft_NN  as_IO  counsel_NN  in_IO  divorce_NN  and_CC  breach-of-promise_JB  cases_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  grasp_NN  of_IO  statistics_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1    natural_JJ    for_IO  the_AT1  arid_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  ministerial_JJ  inquiries_NNS  and_CC  parliamentary_JJ  committees_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_RP  about_RR  *+10,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN    a_AT1  figure_NN  trebled_VBN  since_CS  he_PPHO1    arrived_VVD  .    
  Lawrence_NP  almost_RR  bloomed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  dusty_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law-courts_NNS  ,_,  avoiding_VBG  histrionics_NNS  ,_,  surviving_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  stubborn_JJ  ,_,  hard-working_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  obvious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Adams_NP  case_NN  was_VBDZ  typical_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  in_RP  four_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  solid_JJ  pre-trial_JB  work_NN    long_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  study_NN  ,_,  stretching_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  hours_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  groundwork_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  Worthing_NP  case_NN  .  
  but_CCB  expect_VV0  no_AT1  obvious_JJ  tricks_NNS  from_IO  Lawrence_NP  at_IO  Lewes_NP  assizes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  shout_VV0  or_CC  thump_VV0  law_NN  books_NNS  as_CS  Marshall_NP  Hall_NP  did_VDD  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  need_VV0  a_AT1  gold_NN  pencil_NN  ,_,  like_IO  Birkett_NP  ,_,  to_TO  mesmerize_VV0  a_AT1  witness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lacks_VBZ  the_AT1  pungent_JJ  Irish_JJ  humour_NN  of_IO  Edward_NP  Carson_NP  .  
  instead_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  his_APP$  own_DA  special_JJ  tricks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  approaches_VBZ  a_AT1  witness_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  blinking_VBG  furiously_RR  .  
  his_APP$  modulated_JJ  voice_NN  puts_VBZ  them_PPHO1  at_IO  ease_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shy_JJ  type_NN  he_PPHO1  gently_RR  prods_VBZ  with_IO  :_:  
    please_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  only_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  try_NN  and_CC  help_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  reluctant_JJ  he_PPHO1    persuades_VBZ    with_IO  logic_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  arrogant_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  liars_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1    go-to-hell_JB    brigade_NN  ,_,  soon_RR  find_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  an_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  hell_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  making_NN  .  
  all_DB  eyes_NNS  will_VM  watch_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  opens_VBZ  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Worthing_NP  case_NN  .  
  already_RR  his_APP$  success_NN  has_VHZ  led_VBN  the_AT1  pundits_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  courts_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  to_TO  predict_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  judge_NN  and_CC  earn_VV0  a_AT1  knighthood_NN  .  
  every_AT1  word_NN  and_CC  gesture_NN  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  at_IO  Lewes_NP  assizes_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  weighed_VBN  and_CC  noted_VBN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Cock_NP  Tavern_NNL1  ,_,  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  courts_NNS  ,_,  barristers_NNS  ,_,  solicitors_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  clerks_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  asking_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  :_:  
  will_VM  this_DD1  be_VB0  Lawrence's_PPIO2  trial_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  question_NN  that_PNQS only_RR  a_AT1  jury_NN  can_VM  answer_VV0  .  
  concluding_VBG  the_AT1  red_JJ  spy_NN  ring_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  by_IO  \0E_NP  \0H_NP  Cookridge_NP  .  
  watch_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  bag_NN    and_CC  an_AT1  orange_JJ  .  .  
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  Moscow's_PPIO2  secret_JJ  message_NN  to_IO  Alexander_NP  Foote_NP  (_(  above_II  )_)  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Russian_JJ  spy_NN  in_IO  Switzerland_NP  .  .  
  the_AT1  organisation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Soviet_NP  avantpost_NN  abroad_RR    a_AT1  network_NN  controlled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  resident_JJ  director_NN    is_VBZ  fundamentally_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  in_IO  all_DB  countries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  tasks_NNS  and_CC    targets_NNS    is_VBZ  naturally_RR  different_JJ  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  agent's_NN1$  training_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  put_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  four_MC  groups_NNS  .  
  group_NN  one_MC1  consists_VBZ  of_IO  agents_NNS  for_IO  political_JJ  intelligence_NN  and_CC  subversion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Registrar-General_NNSB1  forecasts_VBZ  .  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  marriages_NNS  will_VM  fail_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  four_MC  happy_JJ  couples_NNS  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  talking_VBG  nonsense_NN  .  
  by_IO  Diana_NP  Norman_NP  .  
  people_NNS  disapprove_VV0  of_IO  teenagers_NNS  marrying_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  shake_VV0  their_APP$  heads_NNS  and_CC  say_VV0  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  too_RG  young_JJ  .    
  they_PPHS2  point_VV0  to_IO  official_JJ  statistics_NNS  which_DDQ  show_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  out_RP  of_IO  four_MC  girls_NNS  who_PNQS marry_VV0  between_IO  16_MC  and_CC  18_MC  ends_VBZ  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  divorce_NN  court_NN  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  :_:  
    that_DD1  proves_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
  but_CCB  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  travelled_VVD  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  meeting_VBG  couples_NNS  who_PNQS married_VVD  very_RG  young_JJ  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  newly_RR  married_VBN  .  
  most_DA  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  for_IO  between_IO  two_MC  to_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  stories_NNS  of_IO  four_MC  such_DA  couples_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  general_JJ  ,_,  who_PNQS compiles_VBZ  national_JJ  statistics_NNS  of_IO  births_NNS  ,_,  deaths_NNS  and_CC  marriages_NNS  is_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  divorce_NN  court_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  20_MC  years_NNS  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  encountered_VBN  greater_JJ  hardship_NN  than_IO  most_DA  couples_NNS  who_PNQS wait_VV0  until_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  older_JJ  before_IO  marrying_VBG  .  
  almost_RR  all_DB  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  suspicion_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  untrue_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  up_RP  against_IO  parental_JJ  disapproval_NN  ,_,  and_CC  landladies_NNS  who_PNQS wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  their_APP$  marriage_NN  lines_NNS  before_IO  offering_VBG  them_PPHO1  accommodation_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  all_DB  had_VHD  to_TO  raise_VV0  children_NNS  on_IO  small_JJ  wages_NNS  .  
  take_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Annandales_NP2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  married_VBN  six_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS Brian_NP  was_VBDZ  17_MC  ,_,  and_CC  Pam_NP  16_MC  .  
  now_RL  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  home_NN1  in_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  where_CS 23-year-old_JB  Brian_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  regular_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  stationed_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  Pat_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  fur_NN  coat_NN  .  
  but_CCB  less_DA  than_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  hungry_JJ  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  their_APP$  baby_NN  ,_,  David_NP  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  food_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  recently_RR  when_CS Brian_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  leave_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  staying_VBG  with_IO  Pam's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  in_IO  Francis-road_NP  ,_,  Ashford_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  .  
  Brian_NP  was_VBDZ  then_RL  a_AT1  national_JJ  serviceman_NN  ,_,  getting_VBG  just_RR  under_RR  *+5_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  under_RR  21_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  would_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Pam_NP  married_JJ  quarters_NNS  .  
  nor_CC    again_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  minor_NN    would_VM  they_PPHS2  grant_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  guinea_NN  a_AT1  week_NN  extra_JJ  normally_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  married_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  who_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  rent_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  bad_JJ  time_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Brian_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  caused_VBN  a_AT1  split_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  luckily_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   closer_RRR  together_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  realise_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  we_PPIS2  took_VVD  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  risk_NN  ,_,  marrying_VBG  so_RG  young_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS our_APP$  parents_NNS  pointed_VVD  this_DD1  out_RP  to_IO  us_PPIO2   before_CS  we_PPIS2  married_VVD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  wrong_JJ  .    
  Brian_NP  and_CC  Pam_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  junior_JJ  school_NN  in_IO  Ashford_NP  .  
  and_CC  Brian_NP  smilingly_RR  recalled_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  then_RL  .    
  take-over_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  met_VVD  again_RR  when_CS Brian_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  cycle_NN  speedway_NN  team_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Pam_NP  ,_,  at_IO  15_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  out_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  team_NN  captain_NN  .  
    within_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  accidentally_RR  crashed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  captain_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  ,_,  broken_VBN  his_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  taken_VBN  over_RP  his_APP$  position_NN  as_IO  captain_NN  and_CC  taken_VBN  his_APP$  girl_NN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,    grinned_VVD  Brian_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  best_JJT  man_NN  at_IO  our_APP$  wedding_NN  .  .    
  neither_LE  Brian_NP  nor_CC  Pam_NP  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  exact_JJ  moment_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN      it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  an_AT1  understanding_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  proposals_NNS  are_VBR  rare_JJ  among_IO  teenagers_NNS  .  
  nearly_RR  all_DB  say_VV0  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  just_RR  knew_VVD  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0    that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  .    
  Pam_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  came_VVD  up_RP  against_IO  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
  suspicion_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  had_VHN  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  .  
  even_CS  though_CS  our_APP$  baby_NN  arrived_VVD  two_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  our_APP$  wedding_NN  ,_,  some_DD  people_NNS  still_RR  think_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  early_JJ  marriage_NN  .    
  Brian_NP  agreed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  dice_NNS  are_VBR  loaded_VBN  against_IO  teenage_JB  marriages_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  refused_VVD  to_TO  borrow_VV0  money_NN  from_IO  our_APP$  parents_NNS  during_IO  those_DD2  difficult_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  save_VV0  rent_NN  by_IO  buying_VBG  a_AT1  caravan_NN  on_IO  \0HP_NN  .  
    but_CCB  ,_,  because_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  under_RR  21_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  firm_NN  refused_VVD  to_TO  sell_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  buy_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  Pam's_PPIO2  father's_NN1$  name_NN  .    
  despite_IO  the_AT1  travelling_NN  Brian_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  ,_,  Pam_NP  has_VHZ  managed_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  almost_RR  everywhere_RR  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    in_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  marriage_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  only_RR  for_IO  about_RR  three_MC  months_NNS  .    
  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  quarrel_VV0  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Brian_NP  .  
    like_CS  mad_JJ  sometimes_RR  .  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  never_RR  row_VV0  in_IO  front_II  of_II  David_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  really_RR  happy_JJ  marriage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  months_NNS  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  apart_IO  from_II  Pam_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  most_RG  miserable_JJ  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .    
  well_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  Annandales_NP2  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  risk_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  bet_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  their_APP$  marriage_NN  which_DDQ  ends_VBZ  in_IO  failure_NN  .  
  scarce_JJ  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Bowketts_NP2  .  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  been_VBN  married_VBN  ,_,  Keith_NP  Bowkett_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  pretty_JJ  ,_,  fair-haired_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  Violet_NP    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  both_DB2  18_MC    have_VH0  n't_XX  lived_VBN  together_RR  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  housing_NN  shortage_NN  and_CC  scarcity_NN  of_IO  flats_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  town_NN  of_IO  Pontardawe_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Swansea_NP  ,_,  south_NN1  Wales_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  forced_VBN  Violet_NP  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  living_VBG  with_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  sister_NN  and_CC  three_MC  brothers_NNS  at_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  in_IO  Holly-street_NP    although_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  married_JJ  woman_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  baby_NN  .  
  Keith_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  married_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  16th_MD  birthday_NN  ,_,  lives_VBZ  with_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  a_AT1  short_JJ  distance_NN  away_RP  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  schoolboy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  meet_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  whenever_CS Keith's_PPIO2  job_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  collier_NN  on_IO  shift_NN  work_NN  will_VM  allow_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  .  
  they_PPHS2  sit_VV0  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  parents'_NN2  homes_NN2  watching_VBG  television_NN  .  
  or_CC  they_PPHS2  hold_VV0  hands_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  or_CC  go_VV0  for_IO  walks_NNS  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  night_NN  they_PPHS2  kiss_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  goodbye_NN  and_CC  then_RL  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  respective_JJ  homes_NN2  .  
    we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  ,_,    said_VVD  Violet_NP  ,_,  bluntly_RR  .  
    both_DB2  our_APP$  parents'_NN2  houses_NNS  are_VBR  too_RG  small_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  a_AT1  bedroom_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  waiting_NN  list_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  known_VBN  people_NNS  around_IO  here_RL  who_PNQS have_VH0  waited_VBN  nearly_RR  ten_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  house_NN  .  
    flats_NNS  are_VBR  scarce_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  landlords_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  baby_NN  .    
  Keith_NP  and_CC  Violet_NP  ,_,  like_IO  Brian_NP  and_CC  Pam_NP  Annandale_NP  ,_,  and_CC  so_RG  many_DA  other_DA  youngsters_NNS  ,_,  met_VVD  at_IO  school_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  courting_VBG  at_IO  15_MC  .  
  they_PPHS2  insisted_VVD  on_IO  marrying_VBG  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  Violet_NP  was_VBDZ  legally_RR  old_JJ  enough_RGA    16_MC  .  
  Violet's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  against_IO  the_AT1  marriage_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  40-year-old_JB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Pearl_NP  Epps_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  Violet_NP  to_TO  marry_VV0  so_RG  young_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS youngsters_NNS  make_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  minds_NNS  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  stop_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
    so_RR  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  up_RP  my_APP$  mind_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  nice_JJ  wedding_NN  reception_NN  here_RL  at_IO  home_NN1  .  **"_**'  
  heartbreak_NN  .  
    sometimes_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  see_VV0  Violet_NP  looking_VBG  after_IO  her_APP$  baby_NN  ,_,  Steven_NP  ,_,  and_CC  remember_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  baby_NN  herself_PPX1  ,_,  it_PPH1  nearly_RR  breaks_VBZ  my_APP$  heart_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  never_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  her_APP$  own_VV0  to_TO  run_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  making_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  up_RP  Steven_NP  .    
  people_NNS  have_VH0  told_VBN  Violet_NP  that_CS  she_PPHO1  deserves_VBZ  better_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  because_CS  Keith_NP  has_VHZ  n't_XX  provided_VBN  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  divorce_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Violet_NP  just_RR  pushes_VBZ  back_RP  her_APP$  long_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  hugs_VBZ  Steven_NP  even_RR  closer_RRR  .  
    maybe_RR  Keith_NP  has_VHZ  n't_XX  been_VBN  quite_RR  as_RG  responsible_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  time_NN  over_RP  again_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  marry_VV0  him_PPHO1  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA    although_CS  perhaps_RR  not_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  early_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  home_NN1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  .    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  resolutely_RR  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  stick_VV0  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  if_CS  love_NN  ,_,  loyalty_NN  and_CC  courage_NN  count_VV0  for_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  Violet's_PPIO2  marriage_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  break_VV0  up_RP  .  
  perhaps_RR  Pat_NP  Cane_NP  ,_,  17_MC  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  23-year-old_JB  husband_NN  ,_,  Tom_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  a_AT1  bit_NN  luckier_JJ  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  room_NN  to_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  cot_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  their_APP$  seven-month-old_JB  daughter_NN  ,_,  Michel_NP  .  
  divided_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  council_NN  flat_NN  at_IO  Tulse_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  south_NN1  London_NP    the_AT1  home_NN1  of_IO  Pat's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  three_MC  bedrooms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  are_VBR  divided_VBN  among_IO  Pat's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  and_CC  seven_MC  of_IO  her_APP$  ten_MC  brothers_NNS  and_CC  sisters_NNS  .  
  quite_DA  a_AT1  crowd_NN  ,_,  eh_UH  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .    said_VVD  Pat_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS also_RR  married_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  16th_MD  birthday_NN  .  
    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  recently_RR  we_PPIS2  left_VVD  here_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  that_CS  Tom_NP  had_VHD  found_VBN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  landlady_NN  was_VBDZ  terribly_RR  bossy_JJ    they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  you_PPY  know_VV0    and_CC  kept_VVD  hinting_VBG  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  married_VBN  .  
    eventually_RR  I_PPIS1  showed_VVD  her_PPHO1  my_APP$  marriage_NN  lines_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  probably_RR  forged_JJ  .  
    so_RR  we_PPIS2  moved_VVD  back_RP  with_IO  Mum_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS 's_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  kind_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  now_RL  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  somewhere_RR  else_RR  .    
  Tom_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  *+12-a-week_JB  decorator_NN  ,_,  met_VVD  Pat_NP  over_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    said_VVD  Tom_NP  .  
    the_AT1  film_NN  was_VBDZ  look_VV0  back_RP  in_IO  anger_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX    not_XX  once_RR  .  
    when_CS we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  Pat's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  did_VDD  n't_XX  object_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  Pat's_PPIO2  mum_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  17_MC  when_CS she_PPHO1  married_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  happy_JJ  ever_RR  since_II  .  
    but_CCB  my_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  opposed_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  marriage_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  even_RR  refused_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  .    
  Pat_NP  ,_,  taking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  Tom_NP  being_VBG    estranged_VBN    from_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  so_CS  when_CS Michel_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  the_AT1  baby_NN  round_RP  to_TO  show_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  things_NNS  up_RP  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Michel_NP  she_PPHO1    came_VVD  round_RP    .  
  now_RL  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  on_RP  very_RG  well_RR  .    
  Pat's_PPIO2  mother_NN  ,_,  42-year-old_JB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lille_NP  Barnham_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  why_CS people_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  down_RP  on_IO  teenage_JB  marriages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  wreck_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
    if_CS  girls_NNS  are_VBR  as_RG  sensible_JJ  as_IO  Pat_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS helped_VVD  bring_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  young_JJ  brothers_NNS  and_CC  sisters_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  any_DD  objection_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  marrying_VBG  when_CS they_PPHS2  like_VV0  .    
  surely_RR  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  Tom_NP  and_CC  Pat_NP  Cane_NP  who_PNQS break_VV0  up_RP  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  are_VBR  the_AT1  Bandeys_NP2  of_IO  Wandsworth_NP  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  Alice_NP  Bandey_NP  ,_,  age_NN  17_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  expecting_VBG  her_APP$  first_MD  baby_NN  in_IO  six_MC  weeks_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  17-year-old_JB  husband_NN  ,_,  Michael_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  married_VVD  just_RR  over_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  find_VV0  another_DD1  place_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  .  
  their_APP$  present_JJ  two-room_JB  flat_NN  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  suitable_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  baby_NN  arrived_VVD  ,_,  because_CS  a_AT1  child_NN  might_VM  disturb_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  tenants_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  already_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  leave_VV0  one_MC1  flat_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  landlady_NN  learned_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  expected_JJ  baby_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS works_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  banana-packing_JJ  warehouse_NN  ,_,  earns_VBZ  *+7_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  paying_VBG  *+3_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  rent_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  honeymoon_NN    could_VM  n't_XX  afford_VV0  it_PPH1    and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  new_JJ  dress_NN  Alice_NP  had_VHD  was_VBDZ  for_IO  her_APP$  wedding_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  despite_IO  their_APP$  money_NN  and_CC  home-hunting_JJ  problems_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  happy_JJ  .  
  Alice_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  orphan_NN  ,_,  met_VVD  Michael_NP  at_IO  school_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  started_VVD  courting_VBG  at_IO  14_MC  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  15_MC  decided_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  of_IO  age_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  thought_VVD  of_IO  marrying_VBG  anybody_PN1  else_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Alice_NP  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  missed_VBN  anything_PN1  .    
  Michael_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  always_RR  here_RL  when_CS I_PPIS1  get_VV0  home_NN1  ;_;  always_RR  kind_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  cheerful_JJ    and_CC  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  cook_NN  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    marriage_NN  certainly_RR  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  roses_NNS    especially_RR  at_IO  our_APP$  age_NN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  marriage_NN  menders_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Diana_NP  Norman_NP  .  
  Sheila_NP  and_CC  Jim_NP  were_VBDR  living_VBG  with_IO  Jim's_PPIO2  parents_NNS    and_CC  none_RR  too_RG  happily_RR  .  
  there_EX  always_RR  seemed_VVD  tension_NN  between_IO  Sheila_NP  and_CC  Jim's_PPIO2  mother_NN  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  day_NN  it_PPH1  broke_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  blazing_JJ  row_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  started_VVD  shouting_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  leave_VV0  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  liked_VVD  ,_,    Sheila_NP  confided_VVD  afterwards_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  right_RR  now_RL  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  soon_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  never_RR  cleaned_VVD  our_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lie_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  started_VVD  on_RP  about_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  always_RR  crying_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  really_RR  wild_JJ  .  
    nobody_PN1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  criticise_VV0  my_APP$  baby_NN    ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  started_VVD  slinging_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  things_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  suitcase_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Jim's_PPIO2  case_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  taking_VBG  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  pull_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  Jim_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  me_PPIO1  and_CC  shouted_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  baby_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  hit_VVD  me_PPIO1  across_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  scream_VV0  .    
  eventually_RR  Sheila_NP  left_VVD  ,_,  taking_VBG  her_APP$  baby_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  went_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  parents_NNS  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  another_DD1  marriage_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  in_IO  ruins_NNS  had_VHD  Sheila_NP  not_XX  had_VHN  the_AT1  sense_NN  to_TO  pour_VV0  out_RP  her_APP$  problems_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  citizens'_NN2  advice_NN  bureau_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  hurt_VBN  and_CC  angry_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  ask_VV0  about_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  legal_JJ  separation_NN  from_IO  Jim_NP  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  background_NN  to_IO  negotiations_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Roy_NP  Sherwood_NP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  only_RR  of_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  direct_JJ  bearing_NN  on_IO  peace_NN  or_CC  early_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  moment_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  as_RG  far-reaching_JJ  importance_NN  for_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  ,_,  the_AT1  commonwealth's_NN1$  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  west's_NP1  future_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  will_VM  join_VV0  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  question_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  decided_VBN  on_IO  nationalistic_JJ  or_CC  political_JJ  party_NN  feelings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  reasonably_RR  objective_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  arrived_VBN  at_IO  without_IO  going_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  writing_JJ  world_NN  as_CS  beginning_VBG  with_IO  Adam_NP  and_CC  Eve_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  that_DD1  means_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  years_NNS  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  governments_NNS  of_IO  Belgium_NP  ,_,  Luxembourg_NP  and_CC  Holland_NP  were_VBDR  in_IO  exile_NN  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  had_VHD  every_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  concerned_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  precariousness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  post-war_JB  prospects_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  organised_VVD  a_AT1  careful_JJ  experts'_NN2  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  the_AT1  outcome_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  realisation_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  chance_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  recovery_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  heard_VBN  in_IO  international_JJ  politics_NN  was_VBDZ  desperately_RR  poor_JJ  if_CS  taken_VBN  singly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  decidedly_RR  better_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  act_VV0  in_IO  unison_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  agreement_NN  to_TO  join_VV0  their_APP$  three_MC  countries_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  union_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  Benelux_NP    in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  can_VM  now_RL  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  all_DB  endeavours_NNS  to_TO  unify_VV0  western_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  and_CC  here_RL  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  note_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  throwing_VBG  a_AT1  first_MD  sidelight_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  much_RR  bigger_JJ  problems_NNS  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  will_VM  be_VB0  wise_JJ  in_IO  joining_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  that_CS  today_NN1  ,_,  16_MC  years_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  measures_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_TO  establish_VV0  Benelux_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  complete_JJ  union_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  between_IO  Belgium_NP  ,_,  Luxembourg_NP  and_CC  Holland_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  fully_RR  achieved_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  early_JJ  and_CC  subsequent_JJ  difficulties_NNS  and_CC  complications_NNS  ,_,  Benelux_NP  progress_NN  was_VBDZ  sufficiently_RR  striking_JJ  to_TO  activate_VV0  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  on_IO  European_JJ  unity_NN  long_RR  held_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  economists_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  politicians_NNS  .  
  even_RR  Winston_NP  Churchill_NP  ,_,  arch-priest_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  greatness_NN  and_CC  independence_NN  ,_,  spoke_VVD  as_RG  early_RR  as_CS  in_IO  1946_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  desirability_NN  of_IO  creating_VBG  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  United_NP  States_NP  of_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  however_RR  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  envisaged_VVD  them_PPHO1  as_IO  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  under_IO  British_JJ  leadership_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  France_NP  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  then_RL  still_RR  deeply_RR  distrustful_JJ  of_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  also_RR  held_VVD  views_NNS  favourable_JJ  to_IO  European_JJ  unification_NN  .  
  his_PP$  ,_,  not_XX  unnaturally_RR  ,_,  differed_VVD  however_RR  from_IO  Churchill's_PPIO2  in_IO  two_MC  important_JJ  points_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  conception_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  western_JJ  European_JJ  community_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  defensive_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  resurgence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  without_IO  German_JJ  participation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  under_RP  British_JJ  but_CCB  under_IO  French_JJ  leadership_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  even_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  not_XX  only_RR  two_MC  but_CCB  actually_RR  three_MC  different_JJ  attitudes_NNS  to_IO  unification_NN    that_DD1  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS thought_VVD  mainly_RR  in_IO  economics_NN  ,_,  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS thought_VVD  in_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS thought_VVD  almost_RR  exclusively_RR  in_IO  military_JJ  values_NNS  .  
  world_NN  events_NNS  have_VH0  forced_VBN  the_AT1  various_JJ  proponents_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  attitudes_NNS  to_TO  modify_VV0  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  and_CC  aims_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  particulars_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  has_VHZ  occurred_VBN  one_MC1  vital_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  :_:  the_AT1  Franco-German_JJ  rapprochement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  resulted_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  becoming_VBG  an_AT1  outsider_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  no_RR  longer_RRR  being_VBG  indispensable_JJ  in_IO  plans_NNS  for_IO  western_JJ  European_JJ  unification_NN  .  
  while_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  paramount_JJ  importance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  position_NN  held_VBN  for_IO  centuries_NNS  by_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  in_IO  world_NN  affairs_NNS  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  throw_VV0  its_APP$  weight_NN  against_IO  whichever_DDQ  nation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  too_RG  powerful_JJ  for_IO  our_APP$  comfort_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  thing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  balance_NN  of_IO  power_NN  policy_NN  is_VBZ  dead_JJ  beyond_IO  hope_NN  of_IO  resurrection_NN  .  
  in_IO  reviewing_VBG  the_AT1  various_JJ  steps_NNS  towards_IO  European_JJ  unification_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  useful_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  passing_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  defence_NN  community_NN  (_(  \0EDC_NP  )_)  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  fervently_RR  advocated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  French_NN1  ,_,  who_PNQS saw_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  West_NP  Germany's_PPIO2  potential_JJ  military_JJ  strength_NN  under_IO  strict_JJ  external_JJ  supervision_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  categorically_RR  rejected_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  1952_MC  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  importance_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  unification_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  military_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  nor_CC  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0    and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS    solely_RR  economic_JJ  ;_;  whether_CS  the_AT1  contractants_NNS  want_VV0  it_PPH1  so_PN1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  also_RR  become_VV0  political_JJ  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  second_MD  ,_,  mainly_RR  psychological_JJ  ,_,  point_NN  of_IO  difficulty_NN  in_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  incorporation_NN  in_IO  European_JJ  unification_NN  .  
  turning_VBG  to_IO  less_RG  abortive_JJ  attempts_NNS  towards_IO  European_JJ  unity_NN    which_DDQ  were_VBDR  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  inspired_VBN  by_IO  growing_JJ  fear_NN  of_IO  Russia_NP    the_AT1  first_MD  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  \0US-initiated_JJ  organisation_NN  for_IO  European_JJ  economic_JJ  co-operation_NN  (_(  \0OEEC_NP  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  into_IO  existence_NN  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1948_MC  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  possible_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  Marshal_NNSB1  aid_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  led_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  payments_NNS  union_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  western_JJ  European_JJ  country_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  thank_VV0  for_IO  successfully_RR  surviving_VBG  periods_NNS  of_IO  heavy_JJ  excess_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  payments_NNS  over_IO  from-abroad_JB  revenues_NNS  without_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  financial_JJ  grief_NN  .  
  next_RR  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  six_MC  countries_NNS  together_RR  which_DDQ  now_RL  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  the_AT1  European_JJ  coal_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  community_NN  ,_,  uniting_VBG  the_AT1  three_MC  Benelux_NP  nations_NNS  ,_,  France_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  with_IO  West_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  motive_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  which_DDQ  had_VHD  prompted_VBN  France's_PPIO2  first_MD  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  subsequently_RR  rejected_JJ  European_JJ  defence_NN  community_NN  :_:  fear_NN  of_IO  German_JJ  resurgence_NN  ,_,  specifically_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  potential_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ruhr_NP  area_NN  .  
  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  something_PN1  new_JJ  entered_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  vested_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  body_NN  subject_NN  to_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  participating_JJ  countries'_NN2  veto_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  a_AT1  supra-national_JJ  authority_NN  entrusted_VBN  with_IO  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  enforce_VV0  decisions_NNS  .  
  even_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  years_NNS  while_CS  France_NP  was_VBDZ  keen_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  defence_NN  community_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  had_VHD  disliked_VBN  the_AT1  implied_JJ  necessity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  surrender_NN  of_IO  sovereignty_NN  .  
  although_CS  these_DD2  feelings_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  openly_RR  expressed_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  idea_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  attributed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  to_IO  British_JJ  unwillingness_NN  to_TO  accept_VV0  French_JJ  leadership_NN  (_(  while_CS  France_NP  advocated_VVD  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  )_)  and_CC  to_IO  French_JJ  unwillingness_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  became_VVD  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  community_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  into_IO  existence_NN  only_RR  if_CS  France_NP  accepted_VVD  to_TO  play_VV0  second_MD  fiddle_NN  .  
  coal_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  production_NN  being_VBG  not_XX  directly_RR  military_JJ  matters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  France_NP  being_VBG  moreover_RR  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  contracting_JJ  parties_NNS  ,_,  acceptance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  supra-national_JJ  authority_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  offend_VV0  French_NN1  susceptibilities_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  Paris_NP  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  in_IO  seeing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  the_AT1  welcome_JJ  gain_NN  of_IO  control_NN  over_IO  German_JJ  coal_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  production_NN  .  
  as_IO  for_II  Britain_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  cold-shouldered_VBN  the_AT1  plan_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  days_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  conception_NN  by_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Jean_NP  Monnet_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cold-shouldering_NN  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  labour_NN  government_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  were_VBDR  all_DB  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  generally_RR  welcoming_JJ  attitude_NN  to_IO  European_JJ  integration_NN    as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  opposition_NN  party_NN  .  
  another_DD1  dividing_JJ  factor_NN  between_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  continental_JJ  wartime_NN  allies_NNS  and_CC  associates_NNS  was_VBDZ  atomic_JJ  research_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  having_VHG  become_VBN  an_AT1  atomic_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  pursued_VVD  its_APP$  own_DA  version_NN  of_IO  European_JJ  unification_NN  endeavour_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  European_JJ  union_NN    a_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rejected_JJ  European_JJ  defence_NN  community_NN  created_VBN  rather_RR  in_IO  haste_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ    re-appraisal_NN    of_IO  Washington_NP  policy_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  wartime_NN  allies_NNS    and_CC  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  Maudling_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  six_MC  nations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  coal_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  community_NN  drew_VVD  closer_RRR  together_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  combined_VVD  their_APP$  atomic_JJ  efforts_NNS  in_IO  \0EURATOM_NP  and_CC  signed_VVD  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  ,_,  thereby_RR  laying_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  .  
  in_IO  self_NN  defence_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  creating_VBG  \0EFTA_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  European_JJ  free_JJ  trade_NN  association_NN  .  
  this_DD1  completed_VVD  the_AT1  split_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  looked_VBN  at_IO  from_IO  the_AT1  viewpoint_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  inevitable_JJ  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  continental_JJ  countries_NNS  had_VHD  its_APP$  freedom_NN  of_IO  action_NN  limited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  obligations_NNS  imposed_VBN  on_IO  Britain_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  could_VM  not_XX  disregard_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  with_IO  378_MC  pages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  text_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  treaty_NN  governing_VBG  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  too_RG  long_JJ  for_IO  detailed_JJ  study_NN  here_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  six_MC  chapters_NNS  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  concerned_VBN  with_IO  organisational_JJ  matters_NNS  ,_,  protocol_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  of_IO  little_DA  interest_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  study_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  chapter_NN  states_VBZ  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG    harmonious_JJ  development_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO    progressively_RR  approximating_VBG  the_AT1  economic_JJ  policies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  member_NN  states_NNS  .    
  part_NN  2_MC  provides_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  customs_NNS  union_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  internal_JJ  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  quotas_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  common_JJ  agricultural_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  freedom_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  for_IO  persons_NNS  ,_,  services_NNS  and_CC  capital_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  harmonised_JJ  transport_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  chapter_NN  lays_VBZ  down_RP  common_JJ  rules_NNS  of_IO  competition_NN  ,_,  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  co-ordination_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  policies_NNS  ,_,  harmonised_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  social_JJ  policy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  European_JJ  investment_NN  bank_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  4_MC  associates_VBZ  former_DA  and_CC  present_JJ  colonial_JJ  territories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  parties_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  no_AT1  further_JB  explanations_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  to_TO  realise_VV0  the_AT1  closeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  and_CC  to_TO  gain_VV0  a_AT1  first_MD  impression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  fitting_VBG  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  studious_JJ  readers_NNS  of_IO  international_JJ  developments_NNS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  to_TO  begin_VV0  by_IO  recalling_VBG  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  countries_NNS  composing_VBG  the_AT1  \0EFTA_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  :_:  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  Sweden_NP  ,_,  Norway_NP  ,_,  Denmark_NP  ,_,  Austria_NP  ,_,  Portugal_NP  and_CC  Switzerland_NP  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  may_VM  also_RR  note_VV0  that_DD1  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  onwards_RR  of_IO  talk_NN  about_IO  western_JJ  European_JJ  unification_NN  British_JJ  thinking_NN  always_RR  went_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  unrestricted_JJ  trading_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  conception_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  include_VV0  agriculture_NN  nor_CC  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA    harmonisations_NNS    of_IO  internal_JJ  policies_NNS  aimed_VBN  at_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  finalised_VVD  their_APP$  decisions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  attitude_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  modified_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  conceptions_NNS  remains_VBZ  very_RG  great_JJ  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  room_NN  here_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  consideration_NN  of_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  implied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  parts_NNS  2_MC  and_CC  3_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  quickly_RR  become_VV0  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  conceptions_NNS  together_RR  are_VBR  even_RR  greater_JJ  than_CS  appears_VBZ  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  .  
  part_NN  4_MC  makes_VBZ  matters_NNS  even_RR  worse_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  power_NN  or_CC  authority_NN  to_TO  commit_VV0  the_AT1  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  to_IO  anything_PN1  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  mere_JB  mention_NN  of_IO  internal_JJ  commonwealth_NN  differences_NNS  in_IO  wages_NNS  and_CC  living_NN  standards_NNS  ,_,  levels_NNS  of_IO  productivity_NN  ,_,  of_IO  educational_JJ  and_CC  technological_JJ  attainment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  chapter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS declare_VV0  British_JJ  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  common_JJ  market_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  incompatible_JJ  with_IO  continuance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  completely_RR  mad_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  a_AT1  solution_NN  must_VM  somehow_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN  if_CS  western_JJ  Europe_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  split_VBN  into_IO  two_MC  competitive_JJ  camps_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  every_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  growing_JJ  rivalry_NN  .  
  after_IO  protracted_JJ  endeavours_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  another_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  basis_NN  of_IO  negotiation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  situation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  free_JJ  trade_NN  association_NN    though_CS  neither_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  as_RR  yet_RR  fully_RR  operative_JJ    face_VV0  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  as_IO  not_XX  too_RG  friendly_JJ  strangers_NNS  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  even_RR  in_IO  Britain_NP  think_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  largely_RR  our_APP$  own_DA  fault_NN  ,_,  because_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  never_RR  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  been_VBN  decisive_JJ  or_CC  one-minded_JJ  in_IO  our_APP$  attitude_NN  ,_,  vacillating_VBG  between_IO    come_VV0  and_CC  tempt_VV0  me_PPIO1    and_CC    only_RR  on_IO  my_APP$  special_JJ  terms_NNS  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  continental_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  and_CC  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  ,_,  France_NP  attaches_VBZ  least_DA  ,_,  and_CC  Holland_NP  most_DA  ,_,  importance_NN  to_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  free_JJ  trade_NN  association_NN  together_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  unit_NN  .  
  with_IO  productivity_NN  rising_VBG  faster_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  countries_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Britain's_PPIO2  prospects_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  adversely_RR  influenced_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  will_VM  become_VV0  effective_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  recently_RR  become_VBN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  initiative_NN  towards_IO  unambiguous_JJ  negotiation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  being_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  circumstances_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  it_PPH1  ,_,  a_AT1  plain_JJ  application_NN  for_IO  membership_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  let_VV0  it_PPH1  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  at_IO  Brussels_NP  on_IO  August_NN1  10_MC  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  Denmark_NP  also_RR  applied_VVD  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  with_IO  Middlesex_NP  .  
  the_AT1  term_NN    merger_NC2    in_IO  London_NP  labour_NN  circles_NNS  does_VBZ  not_XX  refer_VV0  to_IO  financial_JJ  alliances_NNS  or_CC  newspaper_NN  closures_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  joining_NN  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  with_IO  London_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  back_RP  in_IO  1951_MC  .  
  prior_RR  to_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  constituency_NN  labour_NN  parties_NNS  were_VBDR  organised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  region_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  concerned_VVD  itself_PPX1  only_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  county_NN  of_IO  London_NP  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  December_NN1  21_MC  ,_,  1950_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  majority_NN  that_CS  Middlesex_NP  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  so_PN1  wished_VVD  ,_,  should_VM  in_IO  future_NN  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  with_IO  only_RR  two_MC  dissentients_NNS  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  supported_VVD  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  merger_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  conference_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  January_NN1  30_MC  ,_,  1951_MC  .  
  the_AT1  rules_NNS  and_CC  standing_JJ  orders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  were_VBDR  amended_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  special_JJ  provision_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  certain_JJ  rights_NNS  for_IO  Middlesex_NP  on_IO  purely_RR  Middlesex_NP  matters_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  conference_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  delegates_NNS  representing_VBG  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  held_VVD  a_AT1  special_JJ  voting_NN  card_NN  and_CC  certain_JJ  issues_NNS  were_VBDR  discussed_VBN  and_CC  decided_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  Middlesex_NP  county_NN  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  sub-committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  .  
  teething_NN  troubles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  merger_NN  brought_VVD  its_APP$  problems_NNS  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  deny_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  gradually_RR  the_AT1  teething_NN  troubles_NNS  abated_VVD  and_CC  by_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  executive_NN  went_VVD  to_IO  annual_JJ  conference_NN  with_IO  successful_JJ  proposals_NNS  to_TO  amend_VV0  again_RR  the_AT1  rules_NNS  and_CC  standing_JJ  orders_NNS  which_DDQ  governed_VVD  voting_NN  procedure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  special_JJ  provisions_NNS  which_DDQ  allowed_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  split_VBN  up_RP  (_(  not_XX  split_VBN  )_)  into_IO  London_NP  and_CC  Middlesex_NP  sections_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  swept_VBN  away_RP  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  Middlesex_NP  had_VHD  become_VBN  pretty_RR  well_RR  integrated_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  Wilson_NP  committee_NN  on_IO  party_NN  organisation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  proposal_NN  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_JJ  committee_NN  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  regional_JJ  council_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  \0Beds_NP  ,_,  \0Bucks_NP  ,_,  \0Berks_NP  ,_,  \0Herts_NP  ,_,  Middlesex_NP  and_CC  Oxfordshire_NP  area_NN  .  
  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  severed_VBN  from_IO  London_NP  and_CC  become_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  set-up_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  44th_MD  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  conference_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  motion_NN  tabled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Enfield_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:    
    this_DD1  conference_NN  urges_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_JJ  committee_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  useful_JJ  purpose_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  served_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  severing_NN  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  .    
  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  significant_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  motion_NN  was_VBDZ  tabled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  northerly_JJ  extremity_NN  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  and_CC  borders_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  Hertfordshire_NP  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  constituency_NN  labour_NN  parties_NNS  in_IO  Middlesex_NP  by_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  majority_NN  opposed_VVD  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  separation_NN  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  from_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  mutually_RR  beneficial_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  merger_NN  were_VBDR  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  apparent_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  opposition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_NN  abandoned_VVD  its_APP$  earlier_JJ  idea_NN  and_CC  decided_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  Middlesex_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  but_CCB  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  regional_JJ  organising_JJ  area_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  area_NN  as_CS  proposed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  regional_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  council_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  established_VBN  .  
  in_IO  consequence_NN  ,_,  constituency_NN  labour_NN  parties_NNS  in_IO  Middlesex_NP  now_RL  have_VH0  to_TO  look_VV0  to_IO  Hemel_NP  Hempstead_NP  on_IO  party_NN  organisation_NN  questions_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  on_IO  other_DA  matters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  situation_NN  has_VHZ  many_DA  defects_NNS  .  
  deputation_NN  .  
  organisation_NN  ,_,  policy_NN  and_CC  party_NN  administration_NN  can_VM  not_XX  easily_RR  be_VB0  separated_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  confusion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  as_IO  to_II  who_PNQS  should_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  recent_JJ  Middlesex_NP  county_NN  council_NN  election_NN  .  
  the_AT1  policy_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  election_NN  is_VBZ  fought_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  executive_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  posters_NNS  ,_,  leaflets_NNS  and_CC  that_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  is_VBZ  undertaken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  grants_NNS  to_IO  parties_NNS  in_IO  need_NN  is_VBZ  another_DD1  job_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  draw_VV0  the_AT1  line_NN  between_IO  producing_VBG  the_AT1  policy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  propaganda_NN  points_NNS  and_CC  selling_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  electors_NNS  .  
  twelve_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  a_AT1  deputation_NN  met_VVD  the_AT1  representative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_NN  and_CC  pressed_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  Middlesex_NP  set-up_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  inherent_JJ  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  in_IO  readiness_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  election_NN  .  
  following_IO  a_AT1  resolution_NN  carried_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  conference_NN  in_IO  February_NN1  this_DD1  year_NN  pressing_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  organiser_NN  for_IO  Middlesex_NP  ,_,  and_CC  following_IO  a_AT1  resolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  in_IO  May_NN1  pressing_VBG  for_IO  more_RG  effective_JJ  machinery_NN  in_IO  Middlesex_NP  ,_,  Bob_NP  Mellish_NP  ,_,  Joe_NP  Barrow_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Forbes_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  sub-committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  agent_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  full_JJ  and_CC  frank_JJ  discussion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  structure_NN  in_IO  Middlesex_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  await_VV0  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  meeting_NN  .  
  royal_JJ  commission_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  facing_VBG  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_NN  are_VBR  recognised_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  available_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  organiser_NN  whose_PNQV$  responsibilities_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  entirely_RR  devoted_VBN  to_IO  Middlesex_NP  affairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  all_DB  await_VV0  some_DD  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  policy_NN  on_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  would_VM  inevitably_RR  bear_VV0  some_DD  relationship_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  outline_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  if_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  changes_NNS  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_NN  is_VBZ  inhibited_VBN  from_IO  embarking_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  term_NN  solution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  problem_NN  pending_IO  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  report_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  postpone_VV0  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  question_NN  indefinitely_RR  .  
  a_AT1  general_JJ  election_NN  could_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   before_CS  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  in_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  is_VBZ  settled_VBN  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  blandly_RR  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  \0L.C.C_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  county_NN  council_NN  are_VBR  doomed_VBN  to_TO  disappear_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  northern_JJ  home_NN1  counties_NNS  idea_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  worked_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Middlesex_NP  parties_NNS  feel_VV0  no_AT1  pull_NN  towards_IO  their_APP$  comparatively_RR  rural_JJ  neighbours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  closer_JJ  community_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  communication_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  factors_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  much_RR  more_RG  akin_JJ  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  having_VHG  Middlesex_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  and_CC  industrial_JJ  base_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  regional_JJ  council_NN  was_VBDZ  demolished_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  regional_JJ  council_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  northern_JJ  home_NN1  counties_NNS  was_VBDZ  abandoned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  justification_NN  for_IO  keeping_VBG  Middlesex_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  six_MC  is_VBZ  really_RR  to_TO  maintain_VV0  some_DD  paper-equality_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  of_IO  constituencies_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  region_NN  or_CC  organising_JJ  area_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  about_IO  alternatives_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  solution_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  revert_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  pre-1959_JB  position_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Middlesex_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  re-integrated_VBN  with_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  solution_NN  would_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  Middlesex_NP  a_AT1  full-time_JB  field_NN  man_NN  working_VBG  exclusively_RR  in_IO  Middlesex_NP  .  
  Middlesex_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  marginal_JJ  County_NNL1  and_CC  needs_VBZ  County-wide_JJ    marginal_JJ    treatment_NN  .  
  Middlesex_NP  needs_VBZ  to_TO  nurture_VV0  a_AT1  Middlesex_NP  consciousness_NN  and_CC  County_NNL1  pride_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  parties_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  responsibility_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  .  
  Middlesex_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  urban_JJ  County_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  executive_NN  recognised_VVD  this_DD1  when_CS it_PPH1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  include_VV0  Middlesex_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  region_NN  .  
  another_DD1  solution_NN  ,_,  drastic_JJ  and_CC  perhaps_RR  not_XX  immediately_RR  favoured_VBN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  sever_VV0  Middlesex_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  and_CC  set_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  Middlesex_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  along_IO  similar_JJ  lines_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  obvious_JJ  financial_JJ  problems_NNS  attaching_VBG  to_IO  this_DD1  proposal_NN  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  resolved_VBN  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  a_AT1  Middlesex_NP  federation_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  parties_NNS  working_VBG  within_IO  a_AT1  regional_JJ  council_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  northern_JJ  home_NN1  counties_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  labour_NN  party_NN  executive_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  Middlesex_NP  county_NN  committee_NN  are_VBR  much_RR  concerned_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thorny_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   examine_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO      what_DDQ  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  best_JJT  for_IO  the_AT1  party_NN    and_CC  not_XX  on_IO      how_CS best_RBT  can_VM  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  hold_VV0  .    
  a_AT1  labour_NN  Middlesex_NP  county_NN  council_NN  is_VBZ  just_RR  as_RG  desirable_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  labour_NN  \0L.C.C_NP  .  
  the_AT1  recapture_NN  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  in_IO  1964_MC  will_VM  bring_VV0  joy_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  friends_NNS  of_IO  Middlesex_NP  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  plan_VV0  and_CC  devise_VV0  the_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  victory_NN  now_RL  .  
  midsummer_NN  of_IO  1963_MC  will_VM  be_VB0  two_MC  years_NNS  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  inside_IO  County_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  with_IO  Hazel_NP  Rose_NP  .  
  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  such_DA  bores_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  pure_JJ  coincidence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  have_VH0  asked_VBN  me_PPIO1    whatever_DDQ  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  interested_JJ  in_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  .    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  dull_JJ  !_!    
  an_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  drains_NNS  ,_,  slums_NNS  ,_,  endless_JJ  committees_NNS  ,_,  innumerable_JJ  housing_NN  cases_NNS  ,_,  bureaucratic_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  seemingly_RR  evoked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  citizen_NN  ,_,  when_CS surveying_VBG  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  a_AT1  councillor_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  worthy_JJ    do-gooder_NN  .    
  somewhat_RR  limited_JJ  ,_,  always_RR  elderly_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  usually_RR  a_AT1  bore_NN  !_!  
  to_TO  be_VB0  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  politician_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  must_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  converse_VV0  fluently_RR  and_CC  intelligently_RR  on_IO  atom_NN  bombs_NNS  ,_,  apartheid_NN  ,_,  Algiers_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  African_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  general_JJ  prevailing_JJ  economic_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  just_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  acceptable_JJ    one_MC1  should_VM  always_RR  refer_VV0  to_IO  Hugh_NP  ,_,  Frank_NP  ,_,  Michael_NP  or_CC  Herbert_NP  :_:  and_CC  relate_VV0  the_AT1  latest_JJT  anecdote_NN  reflecting_VBG  a_AT1  particular_JJ  facet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  better_RRR  known_JJ  gentlemen_NNS    and_CC  one's_$  own_DA  intimate_JJ  connections_NNS  with_IO    the_AT1  top_JB  people_NNS  .    
  otherwise_RR  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  easily_RR  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  that_CS  one's_$  true_JJ  ambitions_NNS  lie_VV0    across_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,    and_CC  that_CS  local_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  lay-by_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  Westminster_NP  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  suspected_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  then_RL  one_MC1  is_VBZ  hastily_RR  dismissed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  crank_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  oddity_NN    and_CC  ignored_VBN  from_IO  then_RL  onwards_RR  .  
  why_CS .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  people_NNS  look_VV0  upon_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  as_CS  dull_JJ  ,_,  unexciting_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  unrewarding_JJ  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  people_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  as_IO  failures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1    grand_JJ  national_NN    stakes_NNS    or_CC  just_RR  non-starters_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  Englishman's_NNP$  home_NN1  is_VBZ  his_APP$  castle_NN    to_IO  a_AT1  Londoner_NN1  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  \0L.C.C_NP  flat_NN  or_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  .  
  but_CCB  either_LE  way_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  ,_,  how_CS he_PPHO1  lives_VBZ  ,_,  what_DDQ  rent_NN  he_PPHO1  pays_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  surely_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  concern_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  anyone_PN1  with_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  civic_JJ  conscience_NN  .  
  equality_NN  of_IO  opportunity_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  cliche*?2_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  principle_NN  accepted_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  thinking_JJ  people_NNS    irrespective_IO  of_II  party_NN  .  
  schools_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  attendant_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  education_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  interest_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  to_TO  enable_VV0  an_AT1  individual_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  (_(  often_RR  denied_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  )_)  to_TO  lead_VV0  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  satisfying_JJ  life_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  play_VV0  in_IO  building_VBG  up_RP  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  is_VBZ  neglected_VBN  ,_,  physical_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  activities_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  and_CC  old_JJ  are_VBR  not_XX  adequately_RR  catered_VBN  for_IO  :_:  however_CS improved_VBN  our_APP$  material_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  living_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  the_AT1  telly_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  washing_NN  machine_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  bring_VV0  increased_JJ  happiness_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  increased_JJ  leisure_NN  .  
  nor_CC  will_VM  they_PPHS2  eliminate_VV0  the_AT1  mounting_JJ  frustration_NN  ,_,  boredom_NN  loneliness_NN  and_CC  tension_NN  ,_,  felt_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  fundamental_JJ  truth_NN    that_CS  real_JJ  happiness_NN  and_CC  satisfaction_NN  is_VBZ  found_VBN  in_IO  doing_VBG  for_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  that_PNQS enables_VBZ  councillors_NNS  to_TO  labour_VV0  on_RP  year_NN  in_RP  and_CC  year_NN  out_RP  ,_,  unpaid_JJ  ,_,  unrecognised_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  what_DDQ  must_VM  appear_VV0  to_IO  others_DA2  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  thankless_JJ  and_CC  unrewarding_JJ  task_NN  .  
  does_VBZ  this_DD1  sound_VV0  priggish_JJ  ,_,  evangelistic_JJ  ,_,  dull_JJ  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  fed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  diet_NN  of_IO  sordid_JJ  sex_NN  details_NNS  ,_,  sensational_JJ  divorces_NNS  ,_,  violence_NN  and_CC  crime_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  to_IO  those_DD2  people_NNS  caught_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  fiercely_RR  competitive_JJ  aggressions_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  affluent_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  goal_NN  is_VBZ  more_DA  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  profit_NN  motive_NN  ,_,  ephemeral_JJ  pleasures_NNS  and_CC  cheap_JJ  thrills_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  main_JB  reasons_NNS  for_IO  living_NN  .  
  local_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  live_JJ  ,_,  human_JJ  and_CC  intensely_RR  satisfying_JJ  work_NN  .  
  those_DD2  people_NNS  successfully_RR  involved_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  are_VBR  equally_RR  live_JJ  ,_,  human_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  fulfilled_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  efforts_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  values_NNS  are_VBR  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  Jack_NP    what_DDQ  about_IO  yours_PP$  .  
  a_AT1  tribute_NN  to_IO  Harold_NP  Clay_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  with_IO  deep_JJ  regret_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  pay_VV0  a_AT1  last_DA  tribute_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  friend_NN  and_CC  colleague_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  passed_VBN  on_RP  .  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  man_NN  and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  claim_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  gratitude_NN  and_CC  affection_NN  .  
  Harold_NP  Ewart_NP  Clay_NP  devoted_VVD  his_APP$  life_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  widest_JJT  sense_NN  .  
  tramways_NNS  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  earliest_JJT  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  active_JJ  trade_NN  unionist_NN  and_CC  labour_NN  party_NN  worker_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  1920_MC  that_CS  I_PPIS1  first_RR  knew_VVD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Leeds_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  his_APP$  union_NN    the_AT1  tramwaymen's_NN2  union_NN    amalgamated_VVD  with_IO  others_DA2  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  united_JJ  vehicle_NN  workers'_NN2  union_NN  (_(  \0U.V.W_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  union_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  carmen's_NN2  trade_NN  union_NN  amalgamated_VVD  with_IO  others_DA2  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  vehicle_NN  workers_NNS  (_(  \0N.U.V.W_NP  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.V.W_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  officer_NN  of_IO  \0N.U.V.W_NP  and_CC  so_RR  our_APP$  ways_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  .  
  merger_NN  .  
  both_DB2  unions_NNS  were_VBDR  trying_VBG  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  forms_NNS  of_IO  road_NN  transport_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  fierce_JJ  rivalry_NN  would_VM  lead_VV0  to_TO  conflict_VV0  .  
  Harold_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  union_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  in_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  believed_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  conflict_NN  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  solved_VBN    and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  membership_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  community_NN  at_RR  large_RR  be_VB0  served_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  amalgamation_NN  .  
  ready_JJ  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mother's_NN1$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  drawn_VBN  with_IO  anxiety_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  little_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  doctor_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  indicating_VBG  the_AT1  fair-haired_JJ  child_NN  sitting_VBG  by_IO  her_APP$  side_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  desperately_RR  worried_JJ  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  cancer_NN  .    
  the_AT1  doctor_NN  showed_VVD  no_AT1  emotion_NN  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  think_VV0  that_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  mother_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  developed_VBN  a_AT1  lump_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  bigger_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  how_CS cancer_NN  starts_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    how_CS old_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  child_NN  .    asked_VVD  the_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
    just_RR  nine_MC  years_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  doctor_NN  completed_VVD  his_APP$  examination_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  smiling_VBG  when_CS he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  again_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  cancer_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  mother_NN  .  
    your_APP$  daughter_NN  's_VBZ  growing_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  swelling_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  figure_NN  .    
  this_DD1  incident_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Harley_NP  Street_NNL1  consulting-room_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  leading_JJ  children's_NN2  doctors_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  no_AT1  freak_JB  case_NN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  unusual_JJ  in_IO  1961_MC  Britain_NP  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  upheaval_NN  has_VHZ  shaken_VBN  our_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  child_NN  development_NN  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  children_NNS  are_VBR  growing_VBG  up_RP    physically_RR    far_RR  earlier_RRR  than_CS  their_APP$  parents_NNS  did_VDD  .  
  and_CC  as_CS  breast_NN  development_NN  is_VBZ  normally_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  of_IO  puberty_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unusual_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  this_DD1  starting_VBG  as_RG  young_JJ  as_IO  nine_MC  or_CC  ten_MC  .  
  some_DD  parents_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  this_DD1  change_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  earlier_JJ  puberty_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  subject_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  proving_VBG  of_IO  enormous_JJ  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  profession_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  some_DD  odd_JJ  reason_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  that_PNQS seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  passing_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  people_NNS  of_IO  all_DB    apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  children_NNS    the_AT1  parents_NNS  .  
  today's_NP1  parents_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS starts_VBZ  menstruating_VBG  at_IO  eleven_MC  is_VBZ  not_XX  super-advanced_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  indeed_RR  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  this_DD1  to_TO  begin_VV0  round_RP  about_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  for_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  startling_JJ  facts_NNS  :_:  
  girls_NNS  are_VBR  developing_VBG  earlier_RRR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  four_MC  to_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  earlier_RRR  every_AT1  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  biologically_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  now_RL  growing_VBG  up_RP  two_MC  to_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  than_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  boys_NNS  are_VBR  advancing_VBG  even_RR  faster_RRR  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  getting_VBG  quite_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  choirboys_NNS  old_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  behave_VV0  in_IO  church_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  still_RR  sing_VV0  treble_NN  .  
  children_NNS  are_VBR  simultaneously_RR  getting_VBG  increasingly_RR  taller_JJ  and_CC  heavier_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  roll_VV0  by_RP  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  on_IO  an_AT1  average_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  girl_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  as_RG  tall_JJ  and_CC  heavy_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  of_IO  eight-and-a-half_MC  in_IO  1949_MC  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  average_JJ  height_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ten-year-old_NN  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  by_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  inch_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  weight_NN  by_IO  three-and-a-half_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  does_VBZ  the_AT1  advance_JB  show_VV0  any_DD  signs_NNS  of_IO  halting_VBG  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  these_DD2  children_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  girls_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  maturing_VBG  at_IO  ten_MC  .  
  doctors_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  delving_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS this_DD1  revolution_NN  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  have_VH0  come_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  some_DD  intriguing_JJ  theories_NNS  .  
  many_DA  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  today's_NP1  child_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  better_RRR  fed_VBN  than_IO  her_APP$  ancestors_NNS  .  
  school_NN  milk_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ,_,  has_VHZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  bit_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  others_DA2  believe_VV0  the_AT1  reason_NN  is_VBZ  climatic_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  known_VBN  that_DD1  overheating_NN  delays_VBZ  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  laboratory_NN  rats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  that_CS  children_NNS  now_RL  grow_VV0  considerably_RR  faster_RRR  because_CS  their_APP$  parents_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  overclothe_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  used_VVD  to_TO  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  modern_JJ  psychiatrists_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  an_AT1  even_RR  more_RG  interesting_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  direct_JJ  result_NN  of_IO  easier_JJ  relations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  sexes_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  conversation_NN  about_IO  sex_NN  between_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  natural_JJ  acceptance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  once_RR  unmentionable_JJ    facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  .    
  this_DD1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  borne_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  children_NNS  in_IO  co-educational_JJ  schools_NNS  often_RR  mature_VV0  earlier_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  segregated_VBN  .  
  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  through_RP  to_IO  some_DD  parents_NNS  that_CS  earlier_JJ  puberty_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  proving_VBG  quite_DA  a_AT1  headache_NN  to_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  teachers_NNS  .  
  most_DA  teachers_NNS  have_VH0  very_RG  decided_JJ  views_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  like_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  most_RG  go-ahead_JB  principals_NNS  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  \0K_NP  \0C_NP  \0M_NP  Gent_NP  ,_,  headmistress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  hundred_MC  strong_JJ  girls'_NN2  grammar_NN  school_NN  in_IO  Lichfield_NP  ,_,  Staffordshire_NP  .  
    girls_NNS  start_VV0  here_RL  at_IO  eleven_MC  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  at_RR  least_RR  fifty_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  reached_VBN  puberty_NN  ,_,  many_DA  having_VHG  started_VBN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  even_RR  arrive_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  rule_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  each_DD1  set_NN  of_IO  parents_NNS  individually_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  begins_VBZ  her_APP$  first_MD  term_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  insist_VV0  on_IO  every_AT1  child_NN  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  starts_VBZ  at_IO  my_APP$  school_NN  .  
    if_CS  the_AT1  parents_NNS  find_VV0  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  or_CC  embarrassing_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  booklet_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  can_VM  read_VV0  .  
    almost_RR  every_AT1  mother_NN  I_PPIS1  meet_VV0  seems_VBZ  surprised_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  insist_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  so_RG  early_RR  .  
    they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  girls_NNS  are_VBR  maturing_VBG  so_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  but_CCB  once_CS  they_PPHS2  realize_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  and_CC  teach_VV0  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  .    
  now_RL  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  children_NNS  crave_VV0  wise_JJ  guidance_NN  .  
  though_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  think_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  that_CS  children_NNS  should_VM  grow_VV0  up_RP  more_RG  quickly_RR  ,_,  let_VV0  none_PN1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   imagine_VV0  that_CS  earlier_JJ  puberty_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  bring_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  set_NN  of_IO  difficult_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  toughest_JJT  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  this_DD1  :_:  that_CS  though_CS  physical_JJ  development_NN  has_VHZ  advanced_VBN  so_RG  rapidly_RR  social_JJ  development_NN  has_VHZ  stood_VBN  still_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  girl_NN  of_IO  eleven_MC  today_NN1    even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  happen_VV0  to_TO  wear_VV0  a_AT1  thirty-four-inch_JB  bra_NN    is_VBZ  still_RR  ,_,  to_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  father_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  society_NN  looks_VBZ  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  so_RR  who_PNQS  can_VM  blame_VV0  her_PPHO1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  all_RR  mixed_VBN  up_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  had_VHN  enough_DD  experience_NN  of_IO  life_NN  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  process_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  well_RR  protected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  home_NN1  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  regarded_VBN  as_IO    a_AT1  kid_NN  .    
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  to_TO  play_VV0  with_IO  toys_NNS  or_CC  go_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  she_PPHO1  craves_VBZ  wise_JJ  parental_JJ  guidance_NN  and_CC  friendship_NN  more_RRR  now_RL  than_CS  ever_RR  before_II  .  
  which_DDQ  brings_VBZ  us_PPIO2   back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  exactly_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  problems_NNS  likely_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  up_RP  when_CS she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  finds_VBZ  herself_PPX1  confronted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  woman_NN  of_IO  twelve_MC  .  
  how_CS can_VM  she_PPHO1  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  emotional_JJ  growing_NN  pains_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  kindest_JJT  ,_,  most_RG  sensible_JJ  way_NN  .  
  how_CS can_VM  she_PPHO1  tell_VV0  her_APP$  daughter_NN  that_CS  ,_,  physically_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sought_VVD  the_AT1  answers_NNS  from_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  psychiatrists_NNS  ,_,  teachers_NNS  and_CC  social_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  continuing_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  life_NN  by_IO  Rosalie_NP  Shann_NP  .  
  adolescence_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  times_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  girls_NNS  are_VBR  developing_VBG  earlier_RRR  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  four_MC  to_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  every_AT1  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  biologically_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  now_RL  growing_VBG  up_RP  two_MC  to_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  than_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  boys_NNS  are_VBR  advancing_VBG  even_RR  faster_RRR  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  creates_VBZ  a_AT1  whole_JJ  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  problems_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  .  
  everyone_PN1  is_VBZ  agreed_JJ  that_CS  as_CS  puberty_NN  advances_VBZ  so_RR  they_PPHS2  must_VM  also_RR  advance_VV0  their_APP$  attitude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  growing_JJ  child_NN  .  
  a_AT1  girl_NN  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  emotionally_RR  unready_JJ  for_IO  puberty_NN  because_CS  that_DD1  emotional_JJ  development_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  way_RR  behind_IO  physical_JJ  development_NN  .  
  her_APP$  emotions_NNS  have_VH0  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  no_AT1  warning_NN  of_IO  imminent_JJ  changes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  though_CS  she_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  unprepared_JJ  her_APP$  mother_NN  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  she_PPHO1  tell_VV0  the_AT1  child_NN  the_AT1  facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  usual_JJ  item_NN  about_IO  where_CS babies_NNS  come_VV0  from_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  puberty_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  what_DDQ  changes_NNS  will_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  why_CS .  
  what_DDQ  exactly_RR  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    in_NC2  time_NC2    .  
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  varies_VBZ  from_IO  child_NN  to_IO  child_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  generally_RR  speaking_VBG  changes_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  begin_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  is_VBZ  invariably_RR  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bust_NN  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  a_AT1  mother_NN  notices_VBZ  this_DD1  she_PPHO1  should_VM  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  before_II  if_CS  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  has_VHZ  arisen_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  later_RRR  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  naturally_RR  and_CC  easily_RR  and_CC  without_IO  embarrassment_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  used_JJ  to_IO  seeing_VBG  her_APP$  mother_NN  undressed_VBN  .  
  then_RL  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  menstruation_NN  starts_VBZ  the_AT1  mother_NN  should_VM  explain_VV0  to_IO  her_APP$  daughter_NN  all_RR  over_RP  again_RR  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  and_CC  why_CS it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  .  
  physical_JJ  changes_NNS  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  approaching_JJ  maturity_NN  .  
  doctors_NNS  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  twice_RR    before_CS  menstruation_NN  happens_VBZ  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  does_VBZ    as_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  fully_RR  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  a_AT1  mother_NN  should_VM  appear_VV0  pleased_JJ  about_IO  her_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  physical_JJ  changes_NNS  because_CS  it_PPH1  indicates_VBZ  approaching_JJ  maturity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  mother_NN  must_VM  imply_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  looked_VBN  forward_RR  to_IO  ,_,  not_XX  dreaded_VBN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  mother_NN  views_VBZ  the_AT1  onset_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  adolescence_NN  with_IO  misgiving_NN  ,_,  believing_VBG    because_IO  of_II  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  heard_VBN    that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  troubled_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  all_DB  concerned_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  this_DD1  fear_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  communicated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  obstacles_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  anticipated_VBN  and_CC  probably_RR  enlarged_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  fact_NN  mothers_NNS  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  for_IO  is_VBZ  that_CS  different_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  maturity_NN  exist_VV0  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  extremely_RR  tricky_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  ,_,  both_DB2  from_IO  the_AT1  parents'_NN2  and_CC  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  there_EX  often_RR  is_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  child_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  partake_VV0  in_IO  quite_RR  adult_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  intellectual_JJ  conversation_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  spend_VV0  hours_NNS  reading_VBG  her_APP$  childish_JJ  comics_NNS  .  
  moods_NNS  vary_VV0  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  such_DA  speed_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  poor_JJ  parent_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  .  
  one_MC1  minute_NN  the_AT1  child_NN  is_VBZ  lost_JJ  in_IO  desolation_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  sure_JJ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  failure_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  parent_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  comfort_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  brimming_VBG  over_RP  with_IO  self-confidence_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  brand_NN  new_JJ  bout_NN  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  sensible_JJ  ,_,  way_NN  for_IO  mothers_NNS  to_TO  face_VV0  this_DD1  time_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  accept_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  is_VBZ  changing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  welcome_VV0  that_DD1  change_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  far_RR  easier_RRR  said_VBN  than_CS  done_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  psychiatrists_NNS  say_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  cuts_VBZ  the_AT1  heart_NN  when_CS a_AT1  dearly_RR  loved_JJ  child_NN  ,_,  once_RR  so_RG  docile_JJ  and_CC  parent-attached_JJ  ,_,  suddenly_RR  wants_VBZ  to_TO  strike_VV0  out_RP  by_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  choosing_VBG  her_APP$  own_DA  friends_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  some_DD  compensation_NN  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  desire_NN  for_IO  independence_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  feet_NNS  and_CC  make_VV0  a_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  later_RRR  on_RP  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  naturally_RR  healthy_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  grow_VV0  up_RP  is_VBZ  frustrated_VBN  she_PPHO1  will_VM  either_LE  lose_VV0  her_APP$  urge_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  independent_JJ  or_CC  she_PPHO1  will_VM  rebel_VV0  and_CC  go_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  anyhow_RR  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  last_DA  spells_VBZ  trouble_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  child_NN  psychiatrist_NN  was_VBDZ  adamant_JJ  on_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  independence_NN  .  
    so_RG  many_DA  mothers_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    make_VV0  the_AT1  mistake_NN  of_IO  expecting_VBG  to_TO  know_VV0  everything_PN1  about_IO  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  brutal_JJ  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  girl_NN  will_VM  not_XX  grow_VV0  up_RP  normally_RR  unless_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  secret_JJ  life_NN  away_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  daughter_NN  who_PNQS tells_VBZ  her_APP$  mother_NN  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  very_RG  suspect_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  psychiatrist's_NN1$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  naturally_RR  into_IO  an_AT1  adult_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  enlightening_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  shattering_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  learn_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  that_CS  that_DD1  state_NN  which_DDQ  mothers_NNS  boast_VV0  about_IO  ,_,    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  more_RRR  like_IO  sisters_NNS  than_IO  mother_NN  and_CC  daughter_NN    is_VBZ  not_XX  one_MC1  to_TO  be_VB0  envied_VBN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  very_DA  closeness_NN  and_CC  dependence_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  detrimental_JJ  to_IO  normal_JJ  development_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  far_RR  more_RG  healthy_JJ  for_IO  girls_NNS  to_TO  giggle_VV0  among_IO  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  have_VH0    best_JJT  friends_NNS    from_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  classmates_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    the_AT1  mother_NN  just_RR  must_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  that_DD1    best_JJT  friend_NN    because_CS  it_PPH1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  daughter_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  clinging_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bitter_JJ  pill_NN  for_IO  mothers_NNS  to_TO  swallow_VV0  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  bringing_VBG  up_RP  daughters_NNS  alone_RR  without_IO  their_APP$  husbands_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  often_RR  advise_VV0  these_DD2  women_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  themselves_PPX2  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  job_NN  .  
  just_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  .    
  many_DA  young_JJ  women_NNS  who_PNQS finally_RR  end_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  nervous_JJ  breakdowns_NNS  or_CC  other_DA  mental_JJ  disorders_NNS  do_VD0  so_PN1  just_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  never_RR  broken_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  families_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  no_AT1  idea_NN  how_CS many_DA  girls_NNS  come_VV0  here_RL  who_PNQS have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  shopping_VBG  by_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,    another_DD1  psychiatrist_NN  said_VVD  .  
    a_AT1  young_JJ  person_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  responsibility_NN  and_CC  freedom_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  or_CC  eleven_MC  onwards_RR  .  
    she_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  choose_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  clothes_NNS  and_CC  perhaps_RR  her_APP$  own_DA  wallpaper_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  spend_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  pocket_NN  money_NN  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  keep_VV0  a_AT1  diary_NN  which_DDQ  no_PN1  one_PN  will_VM  read_VV0  .  **"_**'  
  sign_VV0  here_RL  for_IO  happiness_NN  .  
  Judith_NP  Simons_NP  meets_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS shares_VBZ  our_APP$  happiest_JJT  and_CC  our_APP$  saddest_JJT  moments_NNS  .  
  life's_NN1$  greatest_JJT  dramas_NNS    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  all_DB  in_IO  a_AT1  day's_NN1$  work_NN  for_IO  Dorothy_NP  Taylor_NP  Horrocks_NP  .  
  back_RP  in_IO  world_NN  war_NN  one_MC1  an_AT1  excited_JJ  young_JJ  mother_NN  entered_VVD  the_AT1  Registrar's_NNSB2  office_NN  at_IO  Ramsbottom_NP  in_IO  Lancashire_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  triplets_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  announced_VVD  proudly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  France_NP  ,_,  Belgium_NP  and_CC  Russia_NP    after_IO  our_APP$  allies_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  deputy_NN  Registrar_NNSB1  ,_,  pretty_JJ  young_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Dorothy_NP  Taylor_NP  Horrocks_NP  ,_,  looked_VVD  startled_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  voice_NN  stayed_VVD  calm_JJ  .  
    does_VBZ  your_APP$  husband_NN  like_VV0  those_DD2  names_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  serving_VBG  in_IO  France_NP  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  write_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  before_IO  deciding_VBG  ,_,    Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  advised_VVD  gently_RR  .  
    when_CS the_AT1  boys_NNS  grow_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  those_DD2  names_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  embarrassment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  your_APP$  husband_NN  approves_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  register_VV0  the_AT1  babies_NNS  as_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  .    
  a_AT1  lesson_NN  in_IO  tact_NN  .  
  a_AT1  week_NN  later_RRR  the_AT1  mother_NN  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  you_PPY  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  tell_VV0  my_APP$  husband_NN  before_IO  naming_VBG  the_AT1  boys_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  gratefully_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  decided_VBN  to_TO  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  Frank_NP  ,_,  Charles_NP  and_CC  Richard_NP  .    
  today_NN1  ,_,  Dorothy_NP  Taylor_NP  Horrocks_NP    now_RL  Registrar_NNSB1  for_IO  Radcliffe_NP  ,_,  Whitefield_NP  and_CC  Prestwich_NP    still_RR  remembers_VBZ  that_DD1  early_JJ  exercise_NN  in_IO  common_JJ  sense_NN  and_CC  tact_NN  .  
    though_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  not_XX  many_DA  women_NNS  registrars_NNS  yet_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  can_VM  give_VV0  men_NNS  registrars_NNS  a_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  .  
    men_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  efficient_JJ  and_CC  businesslike_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  births_NNS  ,_,  deaths_NNS  and_CC  marriages_NNS  women_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  more_RG  sympathetic_JJ  approach_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks'_PPIO2  point_NN  .  
  neither_LE  her_APP$  conventional_JJ  ,_,  impersonal_JJ  office_NN  nor_CC  her_APP$  plain_JJ  black_JJ  suit_NN  could_VM  deflect_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  personality_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  woman_NN  who_PNQS records_VBZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  dramas_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  job_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  an_AT1  entry_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  issuing_VBG  an_AT1  official_JJ  certificate_NN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  newly_RR  widowed_VBN  comes_VBZ  to_TO  register_VV0  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  can_VM  sense_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  if_CS  she_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  ear_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  will_VM  say_VV0  with_IO  gentle_JJ  patience_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  here_RL  to_TO  help_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  now_RL  sit_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  .    
  with_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  registering_VBG  an_AT1  illegitimate_JJ  birth_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  manner_NN  is_VBZ  similarly_RR  sympathetic_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  such_DA  girl_NN  expressed_VVD  the_AT1  feelings_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  :_:  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  in_IO  here_RL  and_CC  saw_VVD  the_AT1  registrar_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  kind_JJ  lady_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  relieved_JJ  .    
  one_MC1  reason_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  why_CS Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  has_VHZ  this_DD1  work_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  finger-tips_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  !_!  
  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  registrar_NN  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  originally_RR  hoped_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  nurse_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  following_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  footsteps_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  in_IO  registering_VBG  births_NNS  that_CS  our_APP$  real_JJ  test_NN  comes_VBZ  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS the_AT1  mother_NN  chooses_VBZ  an_AT1  impossible_JJ  name_NN  .  
  incidentally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  always_RR  the_AT1  Mums_NNSB2  who_PNQS are_VBR  fanciful_JJ  !_!  
  back_RP  to_IO  old_JJ  names_NNS  .  
    if_CS  the_AT1  father_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  doubt_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  ,_,  or_CC  perhaps_RR  does_VBZ  n't_XX  even_RR  know_VV0  the_AT1  wife's_NN1$  choice_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  away_RP  ,_,  often_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  influence_VV0  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  both_DB2  parents_NNS  approve_VV0  I_PPIS1  must_VM  comply_VV0  with_IO  their_APP$  wishes_NNS  .  
    one_MC1  wife_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  name_VV0  her_APP$  baby_NN  daughter_NN  Rowena_NP    Ophelia_NP    Elvira_NP    Cardetta_NP    Osberga_NP    after_IO  the_AT1  ships_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  sailor_NN  husband_NN  had_VHD  served_VBN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  the_AT1  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  thrilled_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  more_DA  !_!    
  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  smiled_VVD  .  
    lately_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  registered_VBN  very_RG  few_DA  strange_JJ  names_NNS  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  fashion_NN  of_IO  calling_VBG  babies_NNS  after_IO  film_NN  stars_NNS  is_VBZ  n't_XX  so_RG  popular_JJ  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  having_VHG  a_AT1  swing_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  ,_,  tried_JJ  and_CC  trusted_JJ  names_NNS    especially_RR  Mark_NP  for_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  Jane_NP  for_IO  girls_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  next_DA  step_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  life_NN    marriage_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  routine_JJ  job_NN  for_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  occupies_VBZ  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  time_NN  !_!  
  apart_IO  from_II  ceremonies_NNS  conducted_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  office_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  Registrar_NNSB1  ,_,  each_DD1  Saturday_NN1  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  off_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  round_NN  of_IO  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  non-conformist_JJ  churches_NNS  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  registrar_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  marriage_NN  ceremony_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  spent_VBN  more_DA  time_NN  waiting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  woman_NN  in_IO  Lancashire_NP  ,_,    laughs_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  .  
    when_CS a_AT1  bride_NN  is_VBZ  late_JJ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  on_IO  tenterhooks_NNS    wondering_VBG  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  time_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  next_DA  wedding_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  mind_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  bride's_NN1$  great_JJ  day_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  married_VBN  myself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  late_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  !_!  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  enjoy_VV0  watching_VBG  a_AT1  wedding_NN  .  
  today_NN1  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  are_VBR  wearing_VBG  those_DD2  pretty_JJ  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  style_NN  bridal_JJ  headdresses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  wear_VV0  more_RG  elaborate_JJ  dresses_NNS  than_CS  they_PPHS2  used_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  grooms_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  more_RG  nervous_JJ  .    
  only_RR  one_MC1  hitch_NN  in_IO  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  long_JJ  career_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  has_VHZ  known_VBN  only_RR  one_MC1  marriage_NN  hitch_NN    last_DA  summer_NN  ,_,  when_CS ex-assistant-hangman_NN  Brian_NP  Allen_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  Spanish_JJ  bride_NN  Angela_NP  Corillo_NP  went_VVD  through_IO  a_AT1  marriage_NN  ceremony_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  forgot_VVD  to_TO  inform_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  .  
    they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  therefore_RR  not_XX  legally_RR  married_VBN  !_!    Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    still_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  put_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  delayed_VVD  their_APP$  honeymoon_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  licence_NN  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks_NP  holds_VBZ  another_DD1  record_NN  .  
  one_MC1  morning_NN  she_PPHO1  attended_VVD  a_AT1  wedding_NN  ,_,  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  hours_NNS  later_RRR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  informed_VBN  the_AT1  bride_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  birth_NN  to_IO  twins_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  babies_NNS  had_VHD  died_VBN  .  
  so_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  registered_VBN  a_AT1  marriage_NN  ,_,  two_MC  births_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  death_NN    all_DB  in_IO  one_MC1  family_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Horrocks'_PPIO2  own_DA  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  much_RR  drama-free_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  admits_VBZ  .  
  she_PPHO1  shares_VBZ  a_AT1  house_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  retired_JJ  headmistress_NN  ,_,  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  an_AT1  exclusive_JJ  women's_NN2  club_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  do_VD0  much_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  hobbies_NNS  because_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
    but_CCB  after_IO  my_APP$  daily_JJ  panorama_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highlights_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  lives_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  perfectly_RR  content_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,    she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  part_NN  a_AT1  registrar_NN  plays_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  life_NN  .  
  births_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  baby_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  reported_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  registrar_NN  within_IO  forty-two_MC  days_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fee_NN  of_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  certified_JJ  copy_NN  and_CC  9_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  short_JJ  birth_NN  certificate_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  later_RRR  regret_VV0  your_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  Christian_JJ  names_NNS  and_CC  want_VV0  to_TO  change_VV0  them_PPHO1  or_CC  make_VV0  an_AT1  addition_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Registrar's_NNSB2  office_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  first_RR  registering_VBG  the_AT1  birth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  birth_NN  certificate_NN  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  amended_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  fee_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  Christian_JJ  name_NN  or_CC  names_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  changed_VBN  ,_,  through_IO  baptism_NN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  .  
  marriages_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  marriage_NN  by_IO  certificate_NN  (_(  the_AT1  usual_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  marriage_NN  )_)  the_AT1  registrar_NN  requires_VBZ  twenty-one_MC1  clear_JJ  days'_NN2  notice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fee_NN  is_VBZ  3_MC  \0s_NNU  if_CS  the_AT1  couple_NN  wishing_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  live_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  district_NN  ,_,  6_MC  \0s_NNU  if_CS  they_PPHS2  live_VV0  in_IO  different_JJ  districts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fee_NN  for_IO  marriage_NN  at_IO  three_MC  days'_NN2  notice_NN  is_VBZ  *+2_NNU  8_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  covers_VBZ  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  licence_NN  only_RR  .  
  the_AT1  licence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  wedding_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  waiting_NN  time_NN  for_IO  banns_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  costs_NNS  *+2_NNU  15_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  (_(  not_XX  under_IO  a_AT1  registrar's_NN1$  jurisdiction_NN  .  )_)  
  contrary_JJ  to_IO  popular_JJ  belief_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  special_JJ  licence_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  one_MC1  which_DDQ  enables_VBZ  a_AT1  couple_NN  to_TO  marry_VV0  quickly_RR  .  
  this_DD1  special_JJ  licence_NN  is_VBZ  granted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  Bishop_NNSB1  only_RR  in_IO  exceptional_JJ  circumstances_NNS  (_(  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  couple_NN  wish_NN  to_TO  marry_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  district_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  neither_LE  live_VV0  nor_CC  worship_VV0  or_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  licensed_JJ  for_IO  marriage_NN    a_AT1  college_NN  chapel_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  set_JJ  waiting_NN  period_NN  before_CS  a_AT1  special_JJ  licence_NN  wedding_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  costs_VBZ  *+25_NNU  .  
  deaths_NNS  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  doctor_NN  has_VHZ  issued_VBN  a_AT1  certificate_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  death_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  registrar_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  then_RL  issue_VV0  an_AT1  official_JJ  burial_NN  or_CC  cremation_NN  certificate_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  before_CS  burial_NN  or_CC  cremation_NN  can_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  issued_VBN  free_JJ  of_IO  charge_NN  .  
  all_DB  certificates_NNS  for_IO  personal_JJ  purposes_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  fee_NN  charged_VBN  is_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  purpose_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  certificates_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  lived_VBN  through_IO  it_PPH1    that_DD1  moment_NN  when_CS all_DB  hope_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  seems_VBZ  lost_JJ  for_RR  ever_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  they_PPHS2  'd_VM  never_RR  love_VV0  again_RR  .  
    never_RR  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  never_RR  love_VV0  again_RR  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  threw_VVD  herself_PPX1  ,_,  sobbing_VBG  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  for_IO  hours_NNS    or_CC  so_PN1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD    she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bleak_JJ  all-enveloping_JJ  despair_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  so_RG  recently_RR  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  .  
  this_DD1  scene_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  surely_RR  every_AT1  woman_NN  has_VHZ  lived_VBN  through_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  goes_VBZ  on_RP  everywhere_RR  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  broken_JJ  romance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  grief_NN  when_CS you_PPY  realise_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  you_PPY  love_VV0  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  your_APP$  life_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  .  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  heartening_JJ  thing_NN  :_:  to_IO  almost_RR  everyone_PN1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  ever_RR  loved_VBN  and_CC  lost_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  comes_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  love_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  day_NN  when_CS the_AT1  heart_NN  sings_VBZ  through_IO  joy_NN  of_IO  loving_VBG  .  .  
  time_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  heals_VBZ  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  bruised_JJ  hearts_NNS  .  
  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  second_MD  love_NN  .  
  those_DD2  unlucky_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  through_IO  just_RR  this_DD1  sad_JJ  phase_NN  in_IO  life_NN  right_RR  now_RL  ,_,  may_VM  look_VV0  at_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  loves_NNS  of_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  loves_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  nothing_PN1  or_CC  have_VH0  ended_VBN  tragically_RR  and_CC  yet_RR  whose_PNQV$  partners_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  on_RP  to_TO  love_VV0  again_RR    and_CC  take_VV0  heart_NN  !_!  
  look_VV0  first_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  ill-fated_JJ  romance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  that_DD1  of_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Margaret_NP  and_CC  Peter_NP  Townsend_NP  .  
  if_CS  ever_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  modern_JJ  fairy-tale_NN  that_PNQS went_VVD  wrong_RR  ,_,  then_RL  Margaret's_PPIO2  and_CC  Peter's_PPIO2  must_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  it_PPH1  .  
  after_IO  two_MC  long_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  for_IO  thirteen_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  first_RR  met_VVD  when_CS Margaret_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boisterous_JJ  schoolgirl_NN  and_CC  Peter_NP  the_AT1    new_JJ  boy_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  in_IO  royal_JJ  circles_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  Peter_NP  was_VBDZ  posted_VBN  to_IO  Brussels_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  attache*?2_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  apart_RP  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  to_TO  test_VV0  if_CS  their_APP$  love_NN  was_VBDZ  strong_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  bear_VV0  the_AT1  separation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1955_MC  ,_,  Peter_NP  Townsend_NP  flew_VVD  back_RP  home_NN1  and_CC  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  Clarence_NP  House_NNL1  to_TO  meet_VV0  Margaret_NP  .  
  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  the_AT1  papers_NNS  headlined_VVD  the_AT1  news_NN  :_:  
  only_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  now_RL  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  hours_NNS  spun_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  days_NNS  into_IO  weeks_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  eighteen_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  Margaret_NP  finally_RR  decided_VVD  .  
  during_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  constantly_RR  in_IO  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  company_NN  .  
  either_LE  at_IO  Clarence_NP  House_NNL1  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  homes_NN2  of_IO  their_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
  four_MC  private_JJ  dinner_NN  parties_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  twice_RR  they_PPHS2  spent_VVD  the_AT1  weekend_NN  as_IO  guests_NNS  of_IO  close_JJ  friends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  hand_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  aglow_JJ  with_IO  autumn_NN  colours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  endlessly_RR  ,_,  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  .  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  good_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  Peter_NP  Townsend_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  innocent_JJ  party_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  divorce_NN  case_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  unsuitable_JJ  by_IO  royal_JJ  standards_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  first_MD  meeting_NN  .  
  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Clarence_NP  House_NNL1  drawing-room_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  made_VVD  public_JJ  the_AT1  renunciation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  love_NN  ,_,  Margaret_NP  read_VVD  through_RP  once_RR  more_RRR  the_AT1  draft_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  message_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  and_CC  fourteen_MC  words_NNS  ,_,  told_VVD  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  decision_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  known_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  decided_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  marry_VV0  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  Townsend_NP  .  .    
  few_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   will_VM  forget_VV0  the_AT1  heartbreaking_JJ  pictures_NNS  of_IO  Margaret_NP  that_PNQS were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  .  
  bravely_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  a_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  composure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  in_IO  true_JJ  royal_JJ  family_NN  tradition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  camera_NN  could_VM  fail_VV0  to_TO  record_VV0  her_APP$  grief_NN  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  came_VVD  the_AT1  story_NN  that_CS  Margaret_NP  and_CC  Peter_NP  had_VHD  sworn_VBN  never_RR  to_TO  wed_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  quoted_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG  said_VBN  :_:  
    as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  marry_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  then_RL  neither_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   will_VM  ever_RR  marry_VV0  anyone_PN1  else_RR  .    
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  nobody_PN1  would_VM  wish_VV0  these_DD2  two_MC  young_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  through_IO  life_NN  alone_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  days_NNS  .  
  within_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  that_DD1  fateful_JJ  October_NN1  evening_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  married_VBN  other_DA  people_NNS  .  
  Peter_NP  Townsend_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  French_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS looked_VVD  so_RG  remarkably_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  ;_;  and_CC  Margaret_NP  the_AT1  good-looking_JJ  photographer_NN  ,_,  Tony_NP  Armstrong-Jones_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  three_MC  years_NNS  though_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  another_DD1  love_NN  .  
  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  nursed_VVD  her_APP$  broken_JJ  heart_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  sadly_RR  on_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  young_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS asked_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  then_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  March_NN1  31_MC  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  Hallowe'en_NP  ball_NN  at_IO  London's_PPIO2  Dorchester_NP  Hotel_NNL1  with_IO  Billy_NP  Wallace_NP  and_CC  other_DA  friends_NNS  .  
  why_CS intoxicants_NNS  .  
  man's_NN1$  search_NN  for_IO  immortality_NN  .  by_IO  Wesley_NP  \0M_NP  Clark_NP  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  back_RP  as_IO  primitive_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  discovers_VBZ  him_PPHO1  directly_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  whims_NNS  and_CC  moods_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  .  
  her_APP$  laws_NNS  dared_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  flaunted_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  contrasts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  warm-breathing_JJ  summer_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  plentiful_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  needful_JJ  ,_,  relentless_JJ  winter_NN  ,_,  when_CS everything_PN1  seemed_VVD  dead_JJ  without_IO  a_AT1  shaft_NN  of_IO  sunlight_NN  for_IO  weeks_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN    dire_JB  want_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  suffering_NN  awakened_VVD  and_CC  sharpened_VVD  in_IO  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  perceptive_JJ  faculties_NNS  .  
  primitive_JJ  man_NN  noted_VVD  the_AT1  mood_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  lustrous_JJ  sun_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cerulean_JJ  vault_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  daytime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  changing_JJ  faces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN  that_PNQS gleamed_VVD  coldly_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  fear-inspiring_JJ  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  stars_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  at_IO  times_NNS  to_TO  travel_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  occasionally_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  shimmering_JJ  stars_NNS  plunged_VVD  downward_RR  toward_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  at_IO  tremendous_JJ  speed_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  were_VBDR  times_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  sky_NN  would_VM  change_VV0  from_IO  tranquillity_NN  to_IO  sudden_JJ  anger_NN  .  
  great_JJ  ominous_JJ  clouds_NNS  galloped_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  firmament_NN  ,_,  writhing_VBG  and_CC  with_IO  diabolical_JJ  unpredictability_NN  ,_,  seemingly_RR  resembling_VBG  unleashed_JJ  monsters_NNS  ,_,  spitting_VBG  fire_NN  ,_,  roaring_VBG  angrily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  emptying_VBG  deluges_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  why_CS .  man_NN  asked_VVD  himself_PPX1  .  
  who_PNQS  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  man's_NN1$  family_NN  died_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  only_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_II  had_VHD  been_VBN  warm_JJ  ,_,  talked_VVD  and_CC  breathed_VVD  ,_,  suddenly_RR  was_VBDZ  inert_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  .  
  its_APP$  appearance_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  changed_VBN  outwardly_RR  ,_,  yet_CF  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  the_AT1  rhythmic_JJ  breathing_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  gasp_NN  ,_,  life_NN  departed_VVD  .  
  breath_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  was_VBDZ  life_NN  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS had_VHN  breath_NN  gone_VBN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  smell_VV0  the_AT1  aroma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  pungent_JJ  exhalations_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  occurred_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  like_IO  my_APP$  breath_NN    my_APP$  breath_NN  which_DDQ  vanishes_VBZ  when_CS I_PPIS1  die_VV0  .  
  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  die_VV0  ,_,  where_CS do_VD0  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  .  
  these_DD2  phenomena_NNS  which_DDQ  man_NN  experienced_VVD  eventually_RR  evolved_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  spiritual_JJ  beings_NNS  of_IO  invisible_JJ  forces_NNS  or_CC  powers_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  objects_NNS  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  breath_NN  that_PNQS separated_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  live_JJ  body_NN  and_CC  departed_VVD  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  leaving_VBG  behind_IO  the_AT1  inanimate_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  first_RR  rise_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  spirits_NNS  .  
  everywhere_RR  man_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  conception_NN  existed_VVD  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  primal_JJ  Aryans_NP2  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  gust_NN  ,_,  breath_NN  or_CC  whiff_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Greeks_NP2  termed_VVD  it_PPH1  atman_&FW  ,_,  breath_NN  ,_,  air_NN  ;_;  or_CC  ,_,  pneuma_&FW  ,_,  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  ,_,  whether_CS  of_IO  ancient_JJ  pagan_JJ  days_NNS  or_CC  modern_JJ  Christian_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  used_VVD  the_AT1  term_NN  spiritus_&FW  for_IO  breath_NN  ;_;  while_CS  geist_&FW  ,_,  ghost_NN  ,_,  gast_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  gaest_&FW  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  German_NN1  and_CC  his_APP$  Teutonic_JJ  forebears_NNS  summed_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  conception_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  incorporated_VBN  almost_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  form_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  testament_NN  which_DDQ  states_VBZ  :_:  
    in_IO  creating_VBG  man_NN  ,_,  God_NP  breathed_VVD  into_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  breath_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  spirit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  soul_NN  .    
  primitive_JJ  man's_NN1$  logic_NN  was_VBDZ  naive_JJ  .  
  upon_IO  developing_VBG  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  spirits_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  immediately_RR  entered_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  worship_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  elemental_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  dead_JJ  continued_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  as_IO  spirits_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  thunder_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  volcano_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  animal_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  matter_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  where_CS they_PPHS2  lived_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  that_CS  man_NN  felt_VVD  the_AT1  spirits_NNS  needed_VVD  food_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  liquid_JJ  and_CC  solid_JJ  ,_,  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  still_RR  dwelt_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  mortal_JJ  bodies_NNS  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  man_NN  deduced_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  duty_NN    a_AT1  sacred_JJ  obligation_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  supply_VV0  spirits_NNS  with_IO  food_NN  ,_,  drink_NN  ,_,  clothing_NN  ,_,  weapons_NNS  ,_,  slaves_NNS    everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  used_JJ  to_IO  using_VBG  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alive_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  motivated_VBN  through_IO  fear_NN  or_CC  love_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  occident_NN  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  orient_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  or_CC  America_NP  ,_,  wherever_CS primitive_JJ  man_NN  or_CC  primitive_JJ  man's_NN1$  history_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  researched_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  custom_NN  became_VVD  firmly_RR  established_JJ  .  
  nor_CC  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  disappeared_VVD  today_NN1  .  
  among_IO  certain_JJ  Christianised_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  ritual_JB  of_IO  setting_VBG  aside_RP  daily_JJ  food_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  departed_JJ  is_VBZ  strictly_RR  adhered_VBN  to_IO  ;_;  or_CC  dishes_NNS  and_CC  beverage_NN  are_VBR  taken_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  anniversary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  place_NN  of_IO  burial_NN  .  
  the_AT1  libation_NN  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deceased_JJ  is_VBZ  found_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  modern_JJ  customs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  when_CS some_DD  drops_NNS  are_VBR  poured_VBN  out_RP  before_CS  a_AT1  drink_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  toast_NN  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  simplest-of-all_JJT  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  gradually_RR  grew_VVD  a_AT1  worship_NN  of_IO  spirits_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  .  
  this_DD1  conviction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  superhuman_JJ  and_CC  following_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  appeasement_NN  either_LE  because_CS  of_IO  fear_NN  or_CC  love_NN  ,_,  found_VVD  its_APP$  visible_JJ  expression_NN  in_IO  offerings_NNS  ,_,  sacrifices_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  spirits_NNS  or_CC  deities_NNS  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  more_RG  pleasing_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  than_IO  food_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  items_NNS  became_VVD  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  .  
  primitive_JJ  man's_NN1$  first_MD  thought_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supernatural_JJ  survival_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  ancestors'_NN2  spirits_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  consecrated_VVD  sacrifices_NNS  ,_,  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  drink_NN  ,_,  evolved_VVD  without_IO  a_AT1  break_NN  for_IO  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  centuries_NNS  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  ,_,  until_IO  the_AT1  Mosaic_JJ  period_NN  ,_,  even_RR  until_IO  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  Jerusalem_NP  ,_,  when_CS bloody_JJ  sacrifices_NNS  were_VBDR  ended_VBN  ;_;  with_IO  the_AT1  Christians_NP2  of_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  empire_NN  ,_,  until_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  Theodosius_NP  (_(  392_MC  \0A.D_RR  )_)  ,_,  when_CS bloody_JJ  sacrifices_NNS  were_VBDR  abolished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  unbloody_JJ  one_MC1    the_AT1  offertorium_NN  at_IO  mass_NN    bread_NN  and_CC  wine_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  on_RP  unchecked_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  stands_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  boldly_RR  and_CC  indisputable_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  deeply_RR  rooted_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  consciousness_NN  there_RL  grew_VVD  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  dependence_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  discern_VV0  his_APP$  fate_NN  for_IO  better_JJ  or_CC  worse_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  feeling_NN  filled_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  awe_NN  ,_,  dread_NN  ,_,  confidence_NN  and_CC  veneration_NN  .  
  along_IO  with_II  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  strong_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  consciousness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dependence_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  spirits_NNS    deities_NNS    man_NN  was_VBDZ  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  reflection_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wise_JJ  to_TO  propitiate_VV0  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  into_IO  communication_NN  indirectly_RR  ,_,  or_CC  directly_RR  if_CS  possible_JJ  with_IO  those_DD2  supernatural_JJ  powers_NNS  or_CC  beings_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  attempted_VVD  and_CC  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  doing_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  :_:  libations_NNS  ,_,  fastings_NNS  ,_,  sacrifices_NNS  ,_,  prayers_NNS  ,_,  singing_VBG  or_CC  hymns_NNS  ,_,  dancing_VBG  .  
  prayer_NN  ,_,  psychic_JJ  abandonment_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  many_DA  kinds_NNS  of_IO  devotional_JJ  exercises_NNS  induced_VBN  in_IO  primitive_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  accompanied_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  in_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  descendants_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  condition_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  spiritual_JJ  elevation_NN  and_CC  exhaltation_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  advanced_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  inspiration_NN  and_CC  ecstasy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  later_JJ  spiritual_JJ  phases_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  human_JJ  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  step_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  threshold_NN  of_IO  material_JJ  thought_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  immaterial_JJ  or_CC  supernatural_JJ  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  phases_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  could_VM  man_NN  leave_VV0  his_APP$  objective_JJ  consciousness_NN  entirely_RR  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  only_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  the_AT1  breath_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  god_NN  ,_,  to_TO  resemble_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  whole_JJ  being_NN  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  entity_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  god_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  filled_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  condition_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  inspired_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  fundamental_JJ  idea_NN  immediately_RR  found_VVD  its_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  man's_NN1$  speech_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  henceforth_RR  became_VVD  filled_VBN  with_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  idioms_NNS  expressing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  theology_NN  one_MC1  is_VBZ  cognisant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  inspired_JJ  prophets_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  inspiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scriptures_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  in_IO  ordinary_JJ  speech_NN  the_AT1  expressions_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  inspired_JJ  artist_NN  ,_,  orator_NN  ,_,  writer_NN  ,_,  musician_NN    and_CC  on_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  profane_JJ  level_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  inspiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fermented_JJ  juice_NN  .  
  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  with_IO  inspiration_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  meaning_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  identical_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  many_DA  usages_NNS  ,_,  came_VVD  the_AT1  word_NN    enthusiasm_NC2  .    
  to_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Greeks_NP2  who_PNQS passed_VVD  it_PPH1  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  word_NN  meant_VVD  :_:    in_IO  God_NP  ,_,      being_VBG  in_IO  God_NP  ,_,      united_VBN  with_IO  God_NP    .  (_(  en_&FW    in_IO  ,_,  theos_&FW    God_NP  )_)  .  
  in_IO  common_JJ  usage_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  enthusiasm_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  mean_VV0  ,_,    the_AT1  intense_JJ  ,_,  rapturous_JJ  feeling_NN  felt_VBN  by_IO  individuals_NNS  or_CC  masses_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  exhibited_VBN  in_IO  ardent_JJ  zeal_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  person_NN  ,_,  principle_NN  ,_,  or_CC  cause_NN  .    
  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  nebulosity_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  there_EX  developed_VVD  in_IO  man_NN  a_AT1  religious_JJ  inspiration_NN  and_CC  religious_JJ  ecstasy_NN  produced_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  elemental_JJ  form_NN  by_IO  mental_JJ  and_CC  immaterial_JJ  or_CC  psychic_JJ  agents_NNS  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  became_VVD  necessary_JJ  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  some_DD  crisis_NN  or_CC  urgent_JJ  need_NN  that_PNQS arose_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  or_CC  tribe_NN  ,_,  to_TO  propitiate_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  deities_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  induce_VV0  quickly_RR  by_IO  physical_JJ  means_NNS  this_DD1  same_DA  intense_JJ  feeling_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  nature's_NN1$  vast_JJ  store_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  matter_NN  to_TO  select_VV0  just_RR  those_DD2  things_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  found_VBN  use_NN  by_IO  man_NN  at_IO  whatever_DDQ  stage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  history_NN  ,_,  of_IO  two_MC  classes_NNS  of_IO  material_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  :_:  1_MC1  .  
  narcotics_NNS  :_:  \0i.e_RR  narcotic_JJ  roots_NNS  ,_,  leaves_NNS  ,_,  herbs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  either_LE  eaten_VBN  ,_,  smoked_VBN  or_CC  chewed_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  incense_NN  .  2_MC  .  
  intoxicants_NNS  :_:  \0i.e_RR  natural_JJ  juices_NNS  or_CC  narcotic_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  toxic_JJ  plants_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  fruits_NNS  unfermented_JJ  and_CC  fermented_JJ    the_AT1  prepared_JJ  beverages_NNS  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  list_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  ,_,  through_IO  man's_NN1$  own_DA  ingenuity_NN  ,_,  other_DA  means_NNS  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  end_NN  :_:  \0e.g_RR  ceremonial_JJ  dances_NNS  ,_,  singing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  incantations_NNS  .  
  while_CS  these_DD2  methods_NNS  should_VM  rightly_RR  be_VB0  classed_VBN  as_IO  intermediaries_NNS  between_IO  physical_JJ  and_CC  mental_JJ  stimulation_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  religious_JJ  auto-suggestion_NN  ,_,  yet_RR  ,_,  used_VBN  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  purely_RR  physical_JJ  and_CC  mental_JJ  agents_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  to_TO  play_VV0  ,_,  through_IO  its_APP$  entirety_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  primitive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  modern_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  tremendously_RR  important_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  .  
  ample_JJ  illustrations_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  :_:  the_AT1  singing_NN  and_CC  music_NN  in_IO  churches_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  clashing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tambourines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  salvation_NN  army_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  put_VV0  the_AT1  devil_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  run_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  incantations_NNS  and_CC  frenzy_NN  attending_VBG  them_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  revival_NN  meetings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  logical_JJ  doubt_NN  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  early_JJ  man_NN  distinguished_VVD  between_IO  narcotics_NNS  and_CC  intoxicants_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  produced_VVD  the_AT1  singular_JJ  effect_NN  desired_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  during_IO  the_AT1  awakening_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  consciousness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  presentiment_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  beyond_IO  his_APP$  material_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  psychic_JJ  intoxication_NN  differed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  intoxication_NN  only_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  means_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  in_IO  principle_NN  .  
  this_DD1  presentiment_NN  was_VBDZ  coincident_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  mysterious_JJ  forces_NNS  in_IO  certain_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  products_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  possessed_VVD  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  translating_VBG  him_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  bliss_NN  ,_,  of_IO  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ecstasy_NN  .  
  man_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  followed_VBN  complicated_JJ  patterns_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  formula_NN  for_IO  putting_VBG  him_PPHO1  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  deities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  various_JJ  patterns_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  ,_,  upon_IO  analysis_NN  ,_,  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  merely_RR  variations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  original_JJ  pattern_NN  :_:  spirit_NN  worship_NN  and_CC  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  means_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  man_NN  entered_VVD  into_IO  relationship_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  deities_NNS  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ;_;  and_CC  of_IO  these_DD2  means_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  physical_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  the_AT1  spirituous_JJ  and_CC  intoxicating_JJ  beverages_NNS  ,_,  prepared_VBN  by_IO  each_DD1  people_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  an_AT1  integral_JJ  and_CC  chief_JB  part_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  religious_JJ  worship_NN  .  
  man_NN  ,_,  in_IO  whatever_DDQ  clime_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  some_DD  plant_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  obtained_VVD  a_AT1  product_NN  that_PNQS caused_VVD  a_AT1  pleasurable_JJ  mental_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  elevated_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  god_NN  .  
  intoxicating_JJ  beverages_NNS  and_CC  religious_JJ  worship_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  blending_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  ,_,  essential_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  world_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  man_NN  lived_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  toward_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  strived_VVD  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  education_NN  and_CC  attendant_JJ  complexities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  logic_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  events_NNS  led_VVD  to_IO  placing_NN  of_IO  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  reliance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  purely_RR  spiritual_JJ    psychic_JJ  stimulation_NN    there_EX  has_VHZ  grown_VBN  a_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  man_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  with_IO  disfavour_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  physical_JJ  stimulants_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  intoxicants_NNS  .  
  man_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  natural_JJ  taste_NN  for_IO  ,_,  or_CC  his_APP$  tendency_NN  towards_IO  stimulants_NNS  and_CC  intoxicants_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  inheritance_NN  .  
  early_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  plateaus_NNS  of_IO  central_JJ  Asia_NP  east_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Caspian_NP  Sea_NNL1  and_CC  northwest_NN1  of_IO  Hindustan_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  pastoral_JJ  people_NNS    the_AT1  Aryans_NP2  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  mother_NN  race_NN  ,_,  two_MC  distinct_JJ  branches_NNS  originated_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  Indo-Europeans_NP2  ,_,  gave_VVD  rise_NN  to_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  races_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Kelts_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS settled_VVD  in_IO  Gaul_NP  and_CC  Britain_NP  ,_,  Ireland_NP  ,_,  Wales_NP  ,_,  Scotland_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  Germanic_JJ  races_NNS  ,_,  German_JJ  ,_,  English_JJ  ,_,  Scandinavian_JJ  ,_,  Dutch_JJ  ,_,  Flemish_JJ  ,_,  Icelandic_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  Slavs_NP2  ,_,  Russian_JJ  ,_,  Polish_JJ  ,_,  Slavonian_JJ  ,_,  Bohemian_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  Greeks_NP2  ;_;  the_AT1  Latins_NP2  ,_,  from_IO  whom_WPO  stem_VV0  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  ,_,  French_JJ  ,_,  Spanish_JJ  ,_,  Portuguese_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Roumanian_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  branch_NN  remained_VVD  in_IO  Asia_NP  and_CC  became_VVD  the_AT1  Medes_NP2  ,_,  Persians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  Hindoos_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  mother_NN  tongue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indo-European_JJ  languages_NNS  is_VBZ  Sanskrit_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  language_NN  are_VBR  written_VBN  the_AT1  four_MC  Vedas_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  holy_JJ  writings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Brahmans_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  literary_JJ  works_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  ,_,  circa_RR  10,000_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Persia_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  so-called_JB  Zend_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Zend-Avesta_NP  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  writings_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sanskrit_NP  tongue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  Vedic_JJ  book_NN  (_(  hymn_NN  Veda_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1    Bible_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Hindoos_NP2    ,_,  states_VBZ  clearly_RR  about_IO  Soma_NP  .  
    Soma_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  creator_NN  and_CC  Father_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  gods_NNS  ;_;  god_NN  Soma_NP  declares_VBZ  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gods_NNS  ;_;  this_DD1  god_NN  poured_VVD  forth_RP  the_AT1  gods_NNS  ;_;  King_NNSB1  of_IO  gods_NNS  and_CC  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  confers_VBZ  immortality_NN  on_IO  gods_NNS  and_CC  men_NNS  .    
  Soma_NP  a_AT1  plant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Soma_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  intoxicating_JJ  beverage_NN  ,_,  as_IO  father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gods_NNS  ,_,  pre-existed_VVD  before_IO  ,_,  and_CC  above_IO  all_DB  gods_NNS  ,_,  king_NN  of_IO  material_JJ  and_CC  immaterial_JJ  universe_NN    immortality_NN  .  
  guarding_VBG  Lakeland's_PPIO2  life_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  .  
  in_IO  1937_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  Lakeland_NP  becoming_VBG  a_AT1    national_JJ  park_NN    was_VBDZ  an_AT1  idea_NN  only_RR  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  country_NN  planning_NN  act_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  increasing_JJ  dangers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  to_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  landscape_NN  and_CC  to_IO  its_APP$  traditional_JJ  agriculture_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  life_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  dangers_NNS  were_VBDR  ugly_JJ  or_CC  badly_RR  sited_JJ  buildings_NNS  ,_,  commercial_JJ  afforestation_NN  and_CC  injurious_JJ  road_NN  schemes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  landowner_NN  in_IO  Lakeland_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  trust_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  make_VV0  public_JJ  appeals_NNS  for_IO  subscriptions_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  slow_JJ  method_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  only_RR  at_IO  infrequent_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  sometimes_RR  private_JJ  persons_NNS  intervened_VVD  by_IO  buying_VBG  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  farm_NN  lands_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  threatened_VBN  by_IO  possible_JJ  building_NN  or_CC  by_IO  other_DA  so_JJ  called_JJ"    development_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  such_DA  public_JJ  benefactors_NNS  was_VBDZ  necessarily_RR  limited_JJ  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  1937_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  company_NN  named_VBN  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  farm_NN  estates_NNS  limited_JJ  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  and_CC  registered_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  provident_JJ  societies_NNS  acts_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  organise_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  will_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  .  
  this_DD1  it_PPH1  did_VDD  by_IO  making_VBG  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  for_IO  lovers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  purchase_VV0  or_CC  to_TO  manage_VV0  farms_NNS  or_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  gifts_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  ,_,  to_TO  lend_VV0  money_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  interest_NN  free_RR  .  
  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  powers_NNS  covered_VVD  the_AT1  purchase_NN  ,_,  ownership_NN  and_CC  management_NN  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  buildings_NNS  in_IO  Lakeland_NP  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  maintaining_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  present_JJ  agricultural_JJ  character_NN  and_CC  safeguarding_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  livelihood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dalesman_NN  .  
  Lakeland_NP  was_VBDZ  defined_VBN  as_CS  lying_VBG  inside_IO  a_AT1  circle_NN  having_VHG  a_AT1  radius_NN  of_IO  20_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Langdale_NP  Pikes_NPLS  .  
  in_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  its_APP$  objects_NNS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  imposes_VBZ  an_AT1  obligation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  covenants_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  over_IO  any_DD  land_NN  purchased_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  stipulation_NN  and_CC  restriction_NN  imposed_VBN  on_IO  land_NN  covenanted_VBN  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  *"_*'  
  no_AT1  act_NN  or_CC  thing_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  or_CC  placed_VBN  or_CC  permitted_VBN  to_TO  remain_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  restricted_JJ  land_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  ,_,  shall_VM  injure_VV0  ,_,  prejudice_NN  ,_,  affect_VV0  or_CC  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  natural_JJ  aspect_NN  or_CC  condition_NN  thereof_RR  or_CC  the_AT1  adjoining_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dale_NN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  other_DA  stipulations_NNS  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  prohibition_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  buildings_NNS  ,_,  mining_NN  or_CC  quarrying_NN  ,_,  felling_NN  of_IO  trees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  planting_NN  of_IO  conifers_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  the_AT1  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  .  
  another_DD1  rule_NN  provides_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  decides_VBZ  to_TO  sell_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  properties_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  first_RR  offer_VV0  to_TO  sell_VV0  the_AT1  property_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  first_MD  purchase_NN  ,_,  High_NP  Wallabarrow_NP  ,_,  lies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  Cumberland_NP  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duddon_NP  ,_,  opposite_II  to_IO  the_AT1  hamlet_NN  of_IO  Seathwaite_NP  in_IO  Dunnerdale_NP  ,_,  and_CC  adjoins_VBZ  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  property_NN  at_IO  Wallabarrow_NP  Crag_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  fell_NN  land_NN  are_VBR  within_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  had_VHD  declined_VBN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  from_IO  commercial_JJ  afforestation_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  anticipate_VV0  a_AT1  purchase_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  farm_NN  was_VBDZ  acquired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  landscape_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  characteristic_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  Duddon_NP  Valley_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  farm_NN  house_NN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  small_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  is_VBZ  delightfully_RR  situated_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1940_MC  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  safeguard_VV0  further_RRR  this_DD1  very_RG  vital_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duddon_NP  Valley_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  purchase_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  230_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  intakes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  small_JJ  house_NN  at_IO  Low_NP  Wallabarrow_NP  and_CC  of_IO  certain_JJ  inside_JB  land_NN  .  
  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  gift_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  friends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  purchase_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  Skelwith_NP  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  Skelwith_NP  Bridge_NNL1  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Brathay_NP  .  
  this_DD1  farm_NN  included_VVD  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  seen_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  going_VBG  up_IO  Langdale_NP  from_IO  Clappersgate_NP  and_CC  Ambleside_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fell_NN  land_NN  was_VBDZ  immediately_RR  threatened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  exclude_VV0  the_AT1  Coniston_NP    Hawkshead_NP  Brathay_NP  district_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  desired_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  commercial_JJ  afforestation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  land_NN  offered_VVD  opportunity_NN  for_IO  speculative_JJ  building_NN  .  
  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  farm_NN  therefore_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  high_JJ  protective_JJ  value_NN  .  
  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  the_AT1  company_NN  purchased_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  Lakeland_NP  ,_,  Rannerdale_NP  Farm_NNL1  on_IO  Crummock_NP  Water_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  farm_NN  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  shores_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Lake_NNL1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  areas_NNS  on_IO  these_DD2  shores_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  not_XX  already_RR  protected_VBN  by_IO  restrictive_JJ  covenants_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1941_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  extended_VVD  its_APP$  interest_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  dale_NN  ,_,  Ennerdale_NP  .  
  here_RL  the_AT1  sheep_NN  farm_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  Mireside_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  fine_JJ  opportunity_NN  of_IO  protecting_VBG  the_AT1  landscape_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  frontage_NN  to_IO  Ennerdale_NP  Lake_NNL1  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  later_RRR  its_APP$  ownership_NN  entitled_VVD  the_AT1  company_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  heard_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  Ennerdale_NP  Lake_NNL1  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  enquiry_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  fields_NNS  adjoining_VBG  Mireside_NP  were_VBDR  purchased_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  farm_NN  now_RL  has_VHZ  quite_DA  an_AT1  important_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  Ennerdale_NP  and_CC  in_IO  maintaining_VBG  its_APP$  seclusion_NN  against_IO  exploitation_NN  by_IO  motor_NN  traffic_NN  ,_,  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  road_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  dale_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  private_JJ  road_NN  .  
  no_AT1  further_JB  purchase_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  until_IO  1944_MC  ,_,  when_CS two_MC  farms_NNS    Ghyll_NP  and_CC  Buckbarrow_NP    were_VBDR  purchased_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  Wastwater_NP  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  purchase_NN  the_AT1  company_NN  now_RL  had_VHD  interests_NNS  in_IO  Duddon_NP  ,_,  Buttermere_NP  ,_,  Ennerdale_NP  and_CC  Wasdale_NP  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  farm_NN  in_IO  Wasdale_NP  ,_,  Harrowhead_NP  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  adjoins_VBZ  Ghyll_NP  and_CC  Buckbarrow_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  purchased_VBN  in_IO  1949_MC  .  
  Longhouse_NP  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  Duddon_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  a_AT1  commanding_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  Seathwaite_NP  in_IO  Dunnerdale_NP  ,_,  by_IO  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  land_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  Walna_NP  Scar_NNL1  was_VBDZ  purchased_VBN  in_IO  1948_MC  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  typical_JJ  fell_NN  farm_NN  .  
  now_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  prices_NNS  of_IO  farms_NNS  rose_VVD  prodigiously_RR  and_CC  with_IO  its_APP$  limited_JJ  means_NNS  the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  new_JJ  purchases_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tenant_NN  in_IO  1954_MC  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  decided_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  acquiring_VBG  cash_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  available_JJ  for_IO  other_DA  purchases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Rannerdale_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  as_CS  previously_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  placed_VBN  upon_IO  protective_JJ  covenants_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sold_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  Skelwith_NP  Fold_NNL1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  sold_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  ,_,  subject_JJ  to_IO  protective_JJ  covenants_NNS  .  
  when_CS land_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  placed_VBN  under_IO  these_DD2  covenants_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  continue_VV0  in_IO  force_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  weakened_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  change_NN  of_IO  ownership_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  proceeds_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  farms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  again_RR  had_VHD  funds_NNS  available_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  new_JJ  purchases_NNS  .  
  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  1955_MC  a_AT1  small_JJ  farm_NN  ,_,  Ghyll_NP  Bank_NNL1  ,_,  at_IO  Boot_NP  in_IO  Eskdale_NP  ,_,  came_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  the_AT1  company_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  purchase_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  farm_NN  lies_VBZ  half_DB  a_AT1  mile_NN  north_NN1  of_IO  Boot_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Burnmoor_NP  Track_NNL1  with_IO  fell_NN  rights_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  Burnmoor_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  west_NN1  face_NN  of_IO  Scafell_NP  ,_,  extending_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  peak_NN  of_IO  Scafell_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  danger_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  farming_JJ  unit_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  land_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  over_RP  by_IO  adjoining_JJ  farms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  become_VV0  ruins_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  farm_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  Herdwick_NP  sheep_NN  flock_NN  was_VBDZ  bought_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  farm_NN  in_IO  Patterdale_NP  and_CC  one_MC1  in_IO  Borrowdale_NP  were_VBDR  acquired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  taking_VBG  the_AT1  Langdale_NP  Pikes_NPLS  as_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  point_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  now_RL  owned_VVD  farms_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  south_NN1  ,_,  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  in_IO  Patterdale_NP  is_VBZ  Howe_NP  Green_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  Hartsop_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kirkstone_NP  Pass_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  as_RG  characteristic_JJ  a_AT1  fell_NN  farm_NN  as_IO  any_DD  which_DDQ  the_AT1  company_NN  own_VV0  .  
  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  place_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  corn_NN  drying_NN  kiln_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  a_AT1  unique_JJ  type_NN  .  
  a_AT1  generous_JJ  gift_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0H_NP  Symonds_NP  made_VVD  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  repair_VV0  this_DD1  kiln_NN  .  
  the_AT1  farm_NN  purchased_VBN  in_IO  Borrowdale_NP  is_VBZ  yew_NN  tree_NN  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  at_IO  Rosthwaite_NP  .  
  this_DD1  farm_NN  has_VHZ  wide_JJ  and_CC  important_JJ  fell_NN  rights_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Langstrath_NP  side_NN  of_IO  Borrowdale_NP  and_CC  is_VBZ  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  objects_NNS  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  ,_,  Lakeland_NP  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  national_JJ  park_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  country_NN  planning_NN  act_NN  can_VM  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  happening_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  envisaged_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  by_IO  its_APP$  selective_JJ  purchases_NNS  the_AT1  company_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  fulfil_VV0  its_APP$  general_JJ  objects_NNS  by_IO  such_DA  management_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  properties_NNS  as_CS  will_VM  safeguard_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  ,_,  and_CC  no_RR  less_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  livelihood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dalesmen_NNS  .  
  to_IO  people_NNS  concerned_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  furtherance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  objects_NNS  the_AT1  company_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  means_NN  where_CS money_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS the_AT1  donor_NN  asks_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  low_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  or_CC  none_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  its_APP$  offices_NNS  at_IO  Exchange_NP  Chambers_NPLS  ,_,  Kendal_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Francis_NP  \0C_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  committee_NN  of_IO  management_NN  were_VBDR  Lord_NNSB1  Howard_NP  of_IO  Penrith_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Birkett_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Chorley_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0M_NP  Carrs-Saunders_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Farrar_NP  ,_,  \0Col_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Hopkinson_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0S_NP  Orwin_NP  ,_,  \0Col_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0T_NP  Porritt_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0H_NP  Symonds_NP  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  Chairman_NNSB1  is_VBZ  Lord_NNSB1  Chorley_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Vice-Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Col_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Hopkinson_NP  .  
  life_NN  in_IO  Lakeland_NP  .  
  peace_NN  and_CC  friendship_NN  at_IO  Stone_NP  Bower_NP  .  
    to_IO  everyone_PN1  here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  home_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no-where_RR  else_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,    says_VBZ  warden_NN  Fred_NP  Hellowell_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  German_JJ  blitzes_NNS  began_VVD  in_IO  1940_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  many_DA  schemes_NNS  for_IO  mothers_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  .  
  elderly_JJ  folk_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  bombed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  had_VHD  no_AT1  such_DA  schemes_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  institutions_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  so_RR  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  conscientious_JJ  objectors_NNS  set_VVD  about_RP  to_TO  provide_VV0  private_JJ  accommodation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  folk_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  cities_NNS  whose_PNQV$  homes_NN2  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrecked_VBN  by_IO  German_JJ  bombs_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  derelict_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  Burton-in-Lonsdale_NP  named_VVD  Stone_NP  Bower_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  over_RP  .  
  an_AT1  appeal_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  help_NN  .  
  someone_PN1  offered_VVD  40_MC  old_JJ  iron_NN  bedsteads_NNS  and_CC  furniture_NN  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  organising_JJ  group_NN  promised_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  year's_NN1$  rent_NN  .  
  blankets_NNS  were_VBDR  forthcoming_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  red_JJ  cross_NN  .  
  starting_VBG  with_IO  nothing_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  group_NN  founded_VVD  the_AT1  Stone_NP  Bower_NP  fellowship_NN  which_DDQ  survives_VBZ  to_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  of_IO  Silverdale_NP  ,_,  where_CS 30_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  peaceful_JJ  security_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  18-bedroom_JB  house_NN  standing_VBG  in_IO  eight_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  acres_NNS  of_IO  ground_NN  .  
  warden_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  inception_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  tireless_JJ  worker_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  to-day_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Hellowell_NP  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  and_CC  impact_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enterprise_NN  .  
  to-day_NN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hellowell_NP  are_VBR  joint_JB  wardens_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pacifist_NN  group_NN  which_DDQ  founded_VVD  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  mainly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  Morecambe_NP  and_CC  Lancashire_NP  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  members_NNS  felt_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  provided_VVD  them_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  worth-while_JJ  Christian_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  Stone_NP  Bower_NP  served_VVD  the_AT1  elderly_JJ  folk_NNS  until_IO  1945_MC  ,_,  when_CS many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  conscientious_JJ  objectors_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  jobs_NNS  .  
  yet_CF  15_MC  old_JJ  people_NNS  remained_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  homes_NN2  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  go_VV0  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  the_AT1  national_JJ  assistance_NN  act_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  come_VBN  into_IO  force_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  homes_NN2  for_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  to-day_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  Stone_NP  Bower_NP  disbanded_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  three_MC  members_NNS  felt_VVD  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  on_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  scheme_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Wade_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  quaker_NN  who_PNQS lived_VVD  at_IO  Bentham_NP  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Hellowell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  John_NP  Hellowell_NP  .  
  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  position_NN  looked_VVD  so_RG  difficult_JJ  they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  continue_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1951_MC  the_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  Silverdale_NP  became_VVD  available_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  funds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  national_JJ  corporation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nuffield_NP  foundation_NN  gave_VVD  *+4,000_NNU  .  
  another_DD1  *+1,000_NNU  was_VBDZ  forthcoming_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  county_NN  council_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  appeal_NN  broadcast_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  .  
  altogether_RR  *+8,500_NNU  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  purchased_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  toured_VVD  the_AT1  fine_JJ  house_NN  at_IO  Silverdale_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  I_PPIS1  envied_VVD  the_AT1  old_JJ  folk_NNS  their_APP$  peace_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  security_NN  ,_,  two_MC  essentials_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  happy_JJ  life_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  old_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  homes_NN2  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  with_IO  few_DA  relatives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  scheme_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  run_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  pocket_NN  money_NN  basis_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  six_MC  or_CC  seven_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  staff_NN  have_VH0  received_VBN  30_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  pocket_NN  money_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  keep_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  happy_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  voluntarily_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  feel_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  our_APP$  little_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  Christian_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  our_APP$  services_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  for_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  need_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hellowell_NP  .  
  yet_CF  in_IO  recent_JJ  weeks_NNS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  time_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  realised_VBN  that_CS  more_DA  staff_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  .  
  mediatrics_NN  .  
  or_CC  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  .  
  by_IO  \0H_NP  \0F_NP  Ellis_NP  .  
  6_MC  .  relaxation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  years_NNS    hobbies_NNS    the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  enjoyment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  old_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  pulled_JJ  muscles_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  wiser_JJ  principle_NN  to_TO  follow_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  broadly_RR  speaking_VBG  ,_,  is_VBZ  as_RG  old_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  older_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  younger_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  will_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  not_XX  to_TO  show_VV0  it_PPH1  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  cares_VBZ  nothing_PN1  for_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  .  
  far_RR  too_RG  much_DA  sentimental_JJ  rubbish_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  written_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  sadness_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  off_RP  cricket_NN  boots_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  ,_,  putting_VBG  away_RP  tennis_NN  rackets_NNS  and_CC  similar_JJ  dramatic_JJ  moments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  well-balanced_JJ  man_NN  will_VM  take_VV0  his_APP$  cricket_NN  boots_NNS  off_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  with_IO  at_RR  least_RR  as_RG  much_DA  relief_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  experienced_VBN  when_CS taking_VBG  them_PPHO1  off_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  previous_JJ  occasions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  waste_VV0  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  vain_JJ  regrets_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  struggles_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  laces_NNS  ,_,  knowing_VBG  very_RG  well_RR  that_CS  in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  change_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  next_DA  May_NN1  and_CC  put_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  heavy_JJ  things_NNS  on_RP  again_RR    and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  because_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  .  
  every_AT1  psychologist_NN  knows_VBZ  that_CS  nine_MC  out_RP  of_IO  ten_MC  men_NNS  who_PNQS consciously_RR  do_VD0  something_PN1  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  secretly_RR  longing_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  just_RR  that_DD1  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  mistaken_JJ  idea_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  wrench_NN  has_VHZ  held_VBN  them_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  giving_VBG  things_NNS  up_RP  is_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  consolations_NNS  of_IO  middle_JB  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  fifty-plus_MC  ,_,  waving_VBG  goodbye_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  deck-chair_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  resigned_JJ      off_RP  you_PPY  go_VV0  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  yourselves_PPX2  .    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  too_RG  old_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  now_RL  ,_,    is_VBZ  a_AT1  living_JJ  proof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  essential_JJ  beneficence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  processes_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  release_NN  .  
  the_AT1  annoyance_NN  of_IO  not_XX  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  can_VM  be_VB0  terminated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  wise_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  forty-five_MC  suddenly_RR  realizes_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  not_XX  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  pity_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  realize_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  forty_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  middle_JB  age_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  gradual_JJ  recession_NN  from_IO  activity_NN  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  constantly_RR  taking_VBG  up_RP  new_JJ  pastimes_NNS  ,_,  new_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  dropped_VBN  is_VBZ  those_DD2  physical_JJ  leisure-time_JB  exercises_NNS  taken_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  youth_NN  and_CC  now_RL  inevitably_RR  being_VBG  performed_VBN  with_IO  diminishing_JJ  success_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  well_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  enjoyment_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  constant_JJ  reminders_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  as_RG  young_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  should_VM  take_VV0  medical_JJ  advice_NN  immediately_RR  .  
  new_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  whatever_DDQ  kind_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  free_JJ  from_IO  this_DD1  fatal_JJ  defect_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  fifty-five_MC  ,_,  should_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  up_RP  cricket_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  team_NN  sufficiently_RR  short_JJ  of_IO  men_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  overstrain_VV0  himself_PPX1  by_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  never_RR  did_VDD  in_IO  his_APP$  twenties_MC2  ;_;  nor_CC  can_VM  he_PPHO1  be_VB0  vexed_VBN  by_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  form_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  game_NN  he_PPHO1  never_RR  played_VVD  before_II  .  
  indeed_RR  he_PPHO1  will_VM  probably_RR  improve_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  season_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  reaching_VBG  his_APP$  peak_NN  at_IO  sixty_MC  .  
  doctors_NNS  agree_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  therapeutic_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  all_DB  new_JJ  skills_NNS  acquired_VBN  in_IO  late_JJ  middle_JB  age_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  that_CS  exercise_NN  ,_,  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    keeping_VBG  fit_JJ    is_VBZ  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  immaturity_NN  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  any_DD  other_DA  spare-time_JB  occupation_NN  that_PNQS demands_VBZ  continuity_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  touchstone_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  mature_JJ  years_NNS  considering_VBG  what_DDQ  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  next_RR  ,_,  must_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  
    shall_VM  I_PPIS1  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  drop_VV0  it_PPH1  again_RR  without_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  self-respect_NN  .    
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  or_CC  bad_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  whether_CS  it_PPH1  produces_VBZ  anything_PN1  useful_JJ  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  get_VV0  anywhere_RR  with_IO  it_PPH1    these_DD2  things_NNS  are_VBR  beside_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
  in_IO  middle_JB  age_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  enough_DD  things_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  ulterior_JJ  motive_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  folly_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  voluntarily_RR  anything_PN1  that_PNQS may_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  taskmaster_NN  .  
  home_NN1  carpentry_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  this_DD1  series_NN  of_IO  papers_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  itself_PPX1  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  \0E.M_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  rush_NN  of_IO  displacement_NN  activities_NNS  is_VBZ  ordinarily_RR  delayed_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  period_NN  of_IO  middle_JB  middle_JB  age_NN  when_CS tennis_NN  and_CC  dancing_NN  are_VBR  finally_RR  dispensed_VBN  with_IO  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sure_JJ  instinct_NN  at_IO  work_NN  here_RL  ,_,  for_CS  carpentry_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  all_DB  things_NNS  an_AT1  occupation_NN  that_PNQS lends_VBZ  itself_PPX1  to_IO  being_VBG  laid_VBN  down_RP  at_IO  will_NN  ,_,  either_LE  temporarily_RR  or_CC  permanently_RR  .  
  the_AT1  object_NN  under_IO  construction_NN  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  if_CS  ever_RR  worth_IO  completion_NN  for_IO  itself_PPX1  ,_,  nor_CC  is_VBZ  some_DD  immediate_JJ  justification_NN  for_IO  discontinuing_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  blunt_JJ  tenon-saw_NN  or_CC  shortage_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  1/2_MC  *?8_NNU  screws_NNS  )_)  hard_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  has_VHZ  only_RR  to_TO  compare_VV0  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  history_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  so_RG  many_DA  men_NNS  almost_RR  take_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  fifties_MC2  ,_,  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  while_NN  spending_VBG  a_DA  little_DA  care_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  ,_,  exactly_RR  ,_,  to_TO  lay_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  conquest_NN  of_IO  Peru_NP  or_CC  \0Vol_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Cambridge_NP  mediaeval_JJ  history_NN  once_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  up_RP  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  altogether_RR  happy_JJ  about_IO  never_RR  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  up_RP  again_RR  .  
    the_AT1  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,    as_CS  a_AT1  patient_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  who_PNQS had_VHD  had_VHN  an_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  urge_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  America_NP  once_RR  put_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    that_CS  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  spent_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  on_IO  two_MC  great_JJ  volumes_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  war_NN  they_PPHS2  glare_VV0  at_IO  you_PPY  from_IO  the_AT1  shelves_NNS  for_IO  months_NNS  afterwards_RR  .  
  you_PPY  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  be_VB0  seventeen_MC  again_RR  ,_,  with_IO  both_DB2  your_APP$  parents_NNS  at_IO  you_PPY  for_IO  never_RR  sticking_VBG  to_IO  anything_PN1  you_PPY  start_VV0  .    
  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  hobbies_NNS  and_CC  relaxations_NNS  are_VBR  those_DD2  that_PNQS make_VV0  no_AT1  demands_NNS  ,_,  stir_VV0  up_RP  no_AT1  distressful_JJ  ambitions_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  an_AT1  end-product_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  one_MC1  that_PNQS need_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  reached_VBN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  over_RR  simplified_VBN  .  
  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  assemblage_NN  of_IO  apparatus_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  factors_NNS  that_PNQS age_VV0  and_CC  depress_VV0  men_NNS  in_IO  middle_JB  life_NN  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  bachelors_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  constant_JJ  spending_NN  of_IO  money_NN  on_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  .  
  often_RR  ,_,  practically_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  money_NN  expended_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  gratification_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  firm_NN  through_IO  an_AT1  expense_NN  account_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  useful_JJ  but_CCB  dull_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  wise_JJ  choice_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hobby_NN  will_VM  enable_VV0  him_PPHO1  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  to_TO  slip_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  buy_VV0  something_PN1    a_AT1  tool_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  flies_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  exposure_NN  meter_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  thing_NN  for_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  watermarks_NNS  with_IO    out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  pocket_NN  and_CC  for_IO  himself_PPX1  alone_RR  .  
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  more_DA  pleasure_NN  than_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  never_RR  tried_VBN  it_PPH1  would_VM  readily_RR  believe_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  advantage_NN  in_IO  apparatus_NN  hobbies_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  laying_NN  out_RP  process_NN  may_VM  take_VV0  so_RG  long_RR  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  time_NN  actually_RR  to_TO  begin_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  arrangement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  often_RR  more_RG  absorbing_JJ  and_CC  always_RR  less_RG  exhausting_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  operation_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  may_VM  last_VV0  till_IO  bedtime_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  conscientiously_RR  done_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  happiest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  well-adjusted_JJ  fishermen_NNS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  spends_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  hour_NN  sitting_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  selecting_VBG  and_CC  tying_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  fly_NN  ,_,  drying_VBG  and_CC  re-greasing_VBG  his_APP$  line_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  for_IO  every_AT1  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  his_APP$  fly_NN  is_VBZ  actually_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  water_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  of_RR  course_RR  takes_VBZ  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  endless_JJ  pre-preparatory_JB  work_NN  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  sorting_VBG  ,_,  retying_VBG  ,_,  gut_NN  testing_VBG  ,_,  winding_VBG  ,_,  unwinding_VBG  and_CC  practising_VBG  knots_NNS  .  
  painting_VBG  with_IO  oils_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  reason_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  to_IO  water-colours_NNS  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  multiplicity_NN  of_IO  tubes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  turps_NNS  and_CC  linseed_NN  oil_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scraping_NN  and_CC  mixing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  additional_JJ  precautions_NNS  that_PNQS must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mess_NN  should_VM  a_AT1  start_NN  ever_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  busy_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  anxious_JJ    that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  compare_VV0  a_AT1  woman_NN  cutting_VBG  out_RP  material_NN  round_IO  paper_NN  patterns_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  making_VBG  plans_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  innumerable_JJ  maps_NNS  and_CC  Cook's_PPIO2  continental_JJ  timetable_NN  ,_,  for_IO  next_DA  year's_NN1$  holiday_NN    each_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  and_CC  her_APP$  different_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  indulging_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  spare-time_JB  relaxation_NN    to_TO  realize_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  choosing_VBG  a_AT1  hobby_NN  where_CS mistakes_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  matter_VV0  or_CC  ,_,  better_JJ  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  would_VM  matter_VV0  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  ever_RR  reached_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sometimes_RR  asked_VBN  by_IO  patients_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  serious_JJ  turn_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS would_VM  regard_VV0  philately_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  too_RG  frivolous_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  advise_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  writing_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  leisure_NN  time_NN  occupation_NN    the_AT1  writing_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  some_DD  worthwhile_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  a_AT1  novel_NN  and_CC  still_RR  less_RRR  of_IO  random_JJ  articles_NNS  for_IO  money_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unusual_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  \0L.M_NP  1_MC1  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  to_TO  feel_VV0  this_DD1  call_NN  to_TO  perpetuate_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  print_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  efforts_NNS  to_TO  perpetuate_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  other_DA  ways_NNS  having_VHG  reached_VBN  University_NNL1  age_NN  and_CC  got_VBN  too_RG  big_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  boots_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  discourage_VV0  the_AT1  urge_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  more_RG  wholesome_JJ  activity_NN  for_IO  late_JJ  middle_JB  age_NN  than_IO    social_JJ  work_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  vice-presidencies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  long_JJ  debilitating_JJ  struggle_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  \0J.P_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  again_RR  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  care_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  end-product_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  become_VV0  tiresomely_RR  assertive_JJ  .  
  as_CS  before_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  assemblage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  materials_NNS  that_PNQS counts_VBZ    the_AT1  note-taking_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  sources_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  visits_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  constant_JJ  putting_NN  of_IO  slips_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  into_IO  large_JJ  volumes_NNS    and_CC  a_AT1  subject_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  chosen_VBN  that_PNQS will_VM  defer_VV0  the_AT1  drudgery_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  writing_NN  till_IO  death_NN  .  
  or_CC  even_RR  later_RRR  .  
  I_PPIS1  recently_RR  came_VVD  across_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  (_(  not_XX  professionally_RR  ;_;  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  before_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  mediatrics_NN  )_)  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  solicitor_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  previous_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS decided_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  fiftieth_MD  birthday_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  man_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  plan_NN  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  at_IO  eighty-four_MC  he_PPHO1  bequeathed_VVD  his_APP$  notes_NNS  ,_,  comparative_JJ  charts_NNS  and_CC  unreturned_JJ  library_NN  books_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  then_RL  aged_JJ  fifty-six_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  request_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  complete_VV0  the_AT1  task_NN  by_IO  knocking_VBG  the_AT1  book_NN  together_RR  .  
  the_AT1  son_NN  occupied_VVD  twenty-two_MC  years_NNS  very_RG  pleasantly_RR  in_IO  reading_VBG  through_IO  ,_,  revising_VBG  and_CC  annotating_VBG  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  notes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  grandson_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  well-rounded_JJ  personality_NN  of_IO  forty-eight_MC  with_IO  no_AT1  leisure-time_JB  problems_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  story_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  wisdom_NN  indeed_RR  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  can_VM  cater_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  middle-age_JB  and_CC  old_JJ  age_NN  relaxations_NNS  but_CCB  for_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  his_APP$  descendants_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  for_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  remember_VV0    and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  comfort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN    that_CS  the_AT1  children_NNS  who_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  grief_NN  and_CC  vexation_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   now_RL  will_VM  themselves_PPX2  one_MC1  day_NN  be_VB0  middle-aged_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  then_RL  stand_VV0  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  comfort_NN  and_CC  advice_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  ,_,  as_IO  old_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  in_IO  my_APP$  next_DA  paper_NN  to_TO  suggest_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  simple_JJ  precautions_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  may_VM  call_VV0  the_AT1  pinpricks_NNS  of_IO  middle_JB  age_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  ameliorated_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  seem_VV0  strange_JJ  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  graver_JJ  problems_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  dealt_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  concern_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  with_IO  ostensibly_RR  minor_JJ  vexations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  every_AT1  mediatrist_NN  knows_VBZ  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  pinpricks_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  anything_PN1  but_IO  a_AT1  laughing_NN  matter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  unheard_JJ  of_IO  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  forty-five_MC  or_CC  over_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  heart_NN  attack_NN  simply_RR  through_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  care_NN  in_IO  selecting_VBG  his_APP$  reading_NN  matter_NN  .  
  politic_JJ  worms_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Jane_NP  Clapperton_NP  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  worm_NN  runners'_NN2  digest_NN  (_(  and_CC  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   have_VH0  no_AT1  giggling_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  there_RL  ,_,  please_UH  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  subject_NN  )_)  experiments_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  ,_,  right_RR  this_DD1  minute_NN  ,_,  going_VBG  forward_RR  at_IO  Washington_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  Louis_NP  ,_,  that_PNQS are_VBR  enough_DD  to_TO  curl_VV0  your_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  Washington_NP  University_NNL1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  \0Dr_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Ernhart_NP  on_IO  its_APP$  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  \0Dr_NNSB1  Ernhart_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  fairly_RR  unattractive_JJ  discovery_NN  that_CS  by_RP  splitting_VBG  a_AT1  worm's_NN1$  head_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  you_PPY  get_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  expect_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  maladjusted_JJ  and_CC  potentially_RR  delinquent_JJ  worm_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  grudge_NN  against_IO  society_NN  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Ernhart_NP  in_RR  particular_RR  but_CCB  a_AT1  worm_NN  with_IO  two_MC  heads_NNS  .  
  (_(  \0Dr_NNSB1  Ernhart_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  actually_RR  say_VV0  his_APP$  patients_NNS  are_VBR  maladjusted_JJ  after_IO  treatment_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  fair_JJ  bet_NN  .  )_)  
  furthermore_RR  this_DD1  two-headed_JJ  worm_NN  reacts_VBZ  more_RG  rapidly_RR  to_IO  electric_JJ  shock-light_JB  stimulus_NN  than_CS  do_VD0  the_AT1  obsolescent_JJ  mark_NN  1_MC1  worms_NNS  with_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  head_NN  .  
  so_RR  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  deeper_JJ  implications_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  only_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  writhe_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  daily_JJ  telegraph_NN  ,_,  whence_CS comes_VBZ  this_DD1  awesome_JJ  bulletin_NN  ,_,  describes_VBZ  the_AT1  worm_NN  runners'_NN2  digest_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  publication_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO    studies_NNS  started_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  if_CS  worms_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  anything_PN1  .    
  Thracian_NP  pays_VBZ  a_AT1  dividend_NN  .  
  by_IO  Captain_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0F_NP    trader_NN    Horn_NP  .  
  a_AT1  salvage_NN  award_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  seaman's_NN1$    pools_NNS  prize_NN      but_CCB  often_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  fourth_MD  dividend_NN  .  .  
  salvage_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  very_DA  word_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  ring_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sailor_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  magic_JJ  words_NNS    first_NC2  dividend_NC2    have_VH0  for_IO  the_AT1  football_NN  pools_NNS  enthusiast_NN  ashore_RR  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sailor's_NN1$  calling_NN  very_RG  often_RR  debars_VBZ  him_PPHO1  from_IO  taking_VBG  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pools_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  any_DD  dreams_NNS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  of_IO  sudden_JJ  opulence_NN  are_VBR  usually_RR  centred_VBN  around_IO  a_AT1  share_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  award_NN  for_IO  salvage_NN  at_IO  sea_NN  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  any_DD  award_NN  he_PPHO1  may_VM  get_VV0  will_VM  n't_XX  compare_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  fabulous_JJ  pools'_NN2  prizes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  undoubtedly_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  work_VV0  extremely_RR  hard_RR  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  possibly_RR  face_VV0  great_JJ  danger_NN  .  
  salvage_VV0  awards_NNS  are_VBR  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  courts_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  risks_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  even_CS  if_CS  our_APP$  sailor_NN  chances_NNS  upon_IO  an_AT1  abandoned_JJ  luxury_NN  liner_NN  ,_,  lying_VBG  placidly_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  tranquil_JJ  sea_NN  and_CC  just_RR  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  towed_VBN  in_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  first_MD  dividend_NN  !_!  
  marine_JJ  salvage_NN  laws_NNS  are_VBR  complex_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  Dutch_JJ  lawyer_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  sailor_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  main_JB  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  govern_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  for_IO  his_APP$  prize_NN  if_CS  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  anything_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  !_!  
  masters_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  ships_NNS  have_VH0  an_AT1  express_JB  duty_NN  to_TO  render_VV0  assistance_NN  to_IO  persons_NNS  in_IO  danger_NN  at_IO  sea_NN  ,_,  oddly_RR  enough_RGA  including_VBG  enemy_NN  subjects_NNS  in_IO  time_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rescue_NN  of_IO  ships_NNS  ,_,  lives_NNS  or_CC  cargo_NN  from_IO  danger_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  salvage_NN  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  rewards_NNS  for_IO  such_DA  services_NNS  are_VBR  paid_VBN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  risks_NNS  run_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  salvors_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  property_NN  they_PPHS2  risk_VV0  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  saved_VBN  and_CC  from_IO  what_DDQ  danger_NN  .  
  the_AT1  few_DA  occasions_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  personal_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  salvage_NN  claim_NN    even_RR  when_CS all_DB  added_VBN  together_RR    have_VH0  n't_XX  produced_VBN  enough_DD  even_RR  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  coffee_NN  stall_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  occurred_VVD  during_IO  my_APP$  service_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Trinity_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  surprising_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  remembers_VBZ  that_CS  ships_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Trinity_NP  House_NNL1  service_NN  frequently_RR  put_VV0  to_IO  sea_NN  on_IO  emergency_NN  calls_NNS  ,_,  when_CS other_DA  ships_NNS  are_VBR  running_VBG  for_IO  shelter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  usually_RR  under_IO  just_RR  those_DD2  conditions_NNS  that_CS  help_NN  is_VBZ  called_VBN  for_IO  .  
  they_PPHS2  ranged_VVD  from_IO  drifting_JJ  bales_NNS  of_IO  raw_JJ  silk_NN  to_IO  part_NN  cargo_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  much-publicized_JB  wreck_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flying_JJ  enterprise_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  one_MC1  ,_,  which_DDQ  initially_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  spell_VV0  shore-bound_JJ  independence_NN  ,_,  happened_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  of_IO  1955_MC  ,_,  just_RR  one_MC1  year_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1    swallowed_VVD  the_AT1  anchor_NN    .  
  as_CS  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  always_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  salvage_NN  work_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  nights_NNS  when_CS sailors_NNS  envy_VV0  farmers_NNS  their_APP$  jobs_NNS    as_RG  black_JJ  as_IO  Egypt's_PPIO2  night_NN  ,_,  pouring_VBG  with_IO  rain_NN  and_CC  blowing_VBG  a_AT1  gale_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  south-east_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  really_RR  dirty_JJ  passage_NN  south_NN1  from_IO  Flamborough_NP  Head_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  tucked_VBN  ourselves_PPX2  close_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  lee_NN  of_IO  Scroby_NP  Elbow_NNL1  in_IO  Yarmouth_NP  Roads_NPLS  for_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  Scroby_NP  Elbow_NNL1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  natural_JJ  inlet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  landward_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scroby_NP  Sands_NPLS  ,_,  which_DDQ  run_VV0  parallel_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Norfolk_NP  coast_NN  ,_,  and_CC  quite_DA  a_AT1  big_JJ  ship_NN  can_VM  creep_VV0  in_IO  there_RL  with_IO  local_JJ  knowledge_NN    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  bit_NN  of_IO  shelter_NN  for_IO  miles_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  wind_NN  's_VBZ  south-easterly_JJ  in_IO  that_DD1  area_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  tired_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  relieved_JJ  when_CS I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD      finished_VBN  with_IO  engines_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  logbook_NN  ,_,  set_VVD  anchor_NN  watches_NNS  and_CC  went_VVD  below_II  to_IO  the_AT1  wardroom_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  just_RR  about_RR  settled_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  evening_NN  meal_NN  when_CS a_AT1  quartermaster_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  report_VV0  a_AT1  ship_NN  on_IO  fire_NN  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  north_NN1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  conditions_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  maintained_VBN  a_AT1  full_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  steam_NN  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  long_RR  before_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  under_IO  way_NN  and_CC  steaming_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ship_NN  at_IO  our_APP$  best_JJT  speed_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  navigating_NN  bridge_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  officers_NNS  mustered_VVD  the_AT1  hands_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  our_APP$  boats_NNS  ready_JJ  with_IO  blankets_NNS  and_CC  medical_JJ  stores_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  prepared_VVD  the_AT1  fire-fighting_NN  equipment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  bearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  in_IO  distress_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  ashore_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sandbank_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  flames_NNS  the_AT1  quartermaster_NN  had_VHD  seen_VBN  were_VBDR  actually_RR  distress_NN  signals_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  as_IO    flames_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  burning_JJ  tar_NN  barrel_NN  ,_,  oil_NN  barrel_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .    
  soon_RR  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  confirmed_VBN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  fire_VV0  distress_NN  rockets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  maroon_NN  from_IO  shore_NN  announcing_VBG  the_AT1  launching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caister_NP  lifeboat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lifeboat_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ship_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  commanding_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  \0T.H.V_NP  warden_NN  ,_,  reached_VVD  a_AT1  spot_NN  abreast_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  grounded_JJ  ship_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  motor_NN  launch_NN  was_VBDZ  lowered_VBN  to_TO  assist_VV0  the_AT1  lifeboat_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crew_NN  .  
  this_DD1  tricky_JJ  manoeuvre_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  lifeboat's_NN1$  crew_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  easy_JJ  coolness_NN  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  foul_JJ  weather_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  sailor_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  filled_VBN  with_IO  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  seamanlike_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  stranded_JJ  ship_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  abandoned_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  approached_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_RG  near_II  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  searchlight_NN  playing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  wreck_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  powerful_JJ  beam_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  steam_NN  trawler_NN  of_IO  some_DD  two-hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  tons_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Thracian_NP  ,_,  registered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  port_NN  of_IO  Grimsby_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  later_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  for_IO  Ostend_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  flood_NN  tide_NN  (_(  rising_VBG  )_)  although_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  eased_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  great_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  prevent_VV0  her_PPHO1  driving_VBG  any_RG  farther_RRR  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  omen_NN  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  that_CS  at_IO  slack_JJ  water_NN  the_AT1  gale_NN  force_NN  weight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  might_VM  shift_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  stay_VV0  by_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  derelict_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  potential_JJ  danger_NN  to_IO  navigation_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  Trinity_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  added_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  haste_NN  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  crew_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_APP$  navigation_NN  lights_NNS  burning_VBG  ,_,  which_DDQ  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  misleading_JJ  to_IO  other_DA  shipping_NN  .  
  my_APP$  surmise_NN  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  later_RRR  her_APP$  bow_NN  started_VVD  to_TO  lift_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  ground_NN  swell_NN  ,_,  showing_VBG  that_CS  only_RR  her_APP$  stern_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  aground_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  weighed_VVD  anchor_NN  and_CC  approached_VVD  her_PPHO1  still_RR  nearer_RRR  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  great_JJ  care_NN  ,_,  fixing_VBG  our_APP$  position_NN  constantly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  continuously_RR  sounding_VBG  the_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  moment_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  her_PPHO1  off_RP  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  ratings_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  been_VBN  placed_VBN  on_IO  board_NN  Thracian_NP  by_IO  warden's_NN1$  motor_NN  boat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  put_VBN  out_RP  a_AT1  fire_NN  ,_,  on_IO  her_APP$  engine-room_NN  skylight_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  started_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  flame_NN  distress_NN  signals_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  also_RR  drawn_VBN  her_APP$  stokehold_NN  fires_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  alight_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  feed_NN  water_NN  going_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  boilers_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  blown_VBN  up_RP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  ship_NN  drawing_VBG  fifteen_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  is_VBZ  approaching_VBG  a_AT1  hidden_JJ  danger_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  gale_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  tide_NN  setting_VBG  on_RP  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wind_NN  pressing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  making_VBG  leeway_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  accurately_RR  calculated_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  appear_VV0  calm_JJ  as_CS  ,_,  in_IO  sing-song_NN  monotony_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  soundings_NNS  are_VBR  called_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  leadsman_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chains_NNS  .  
    by_IO  the_AT1  mark_NN  ,_,  three_MC  .    
    and_CC  a_AT1  quarter_NN  less_DA  ,_,  three_MC  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  near_II  as_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  go_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  just_RR  eighteen_MC  inches_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  under_IO  our_APP$  keel_NN  .  
  now_RL  my_APP$  ship_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  for_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  near_II  enough_RGA  to_TO  run_VV0  a_AT1  rope_NN  away_RP  and_CC  get_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  board_II  the_AT1  trawler_NN  .  
  in_IO  retrospect_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  easy_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  snags_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  three_MC  more_DA  grey_JJ  hairs_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  operation_NN  .  
  at_IO  long_JJ  last_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  Thracian_NP  secured_VBN  alongside_IO  our_APP$  starboard_JB  side_NN  ,_,  against_IO  huge_JJ  coir_NN  fenders_NNS  ,_,  our_APP$  launch_NN  was_VBDZ  hoisted_VBN  inboard_RR  and_CC  both_DB2  ships_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  deep_JJ  water_NN  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  had_VHD  worsened_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  comparative_JJ  shelter_NN  of_IO  Yarmouth_NP  Roads_NPLS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  madness_NN  .  
  Yarmouth_NP  Haven_NNL1  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  tricky_JJ  place_NN  to_TO  enter_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  south-east_NN1  wind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  for_IO  an_AT1  unimpeded_JJ  ship_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  hazardous_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  prevailing_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  with_IO  another_DD1  vessel_NN  in_IO  tow_NN  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  my_APP$  tow_NN  back_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  sheltered_JJ  anchorage_NN  to_TO  ride_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  storm_NN  .  
  when_CS daylight_NN  came_VVD  I_PPIS1  surveyed_VVD  my_APP$  prize_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  luxury_NN  liner_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  certainly_RR  looked_VVD  her_APP$  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  derelict_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  later_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sold_VBN  for_IO  scrap_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  scratch_NN  crew_NN  were_VBDR  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  on_IO  her_APP$  last_DA  voyage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  breakers'_NN2  yard_NN  .  
  just_RR  my_APP$  luck_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  days_NNS  it_PPH1  blew_VVD  really_RR  hard_RR  without_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  abatement_NN  .  
  Thracian_NP  surged_VVD  and_CC  ranged_VVD  against_IO  our_APP$  ship-side_NN  ,_,  chewing_VBG  away_RP  the_AT1  fendering_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fraying_VBG  and_CC  parting_VBG  the_AT1  mooring_NN  ropes_NNS  holding_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  ships_NNS  together_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  dropped_VVD  her_PPHO1  astern_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  seven-inch_JB  manilla_NN  ,_,  for_IO  comfort_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  laid_VVD  comfortably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ebb_NN  tide_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  so_RG  great_JJ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  wind_NN  force_NN  ,_,  that_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  flood_NN  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  driving_VBG  up_RP  on_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  respite_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  watch_NN  on_IO  deck_NN  .  
  twice_RR  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  under_IO  way_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  haven_NN  entrance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  each_DD1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  poked_VVD  our_APP$  noses_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  lee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sands_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  hopeless_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  seas_NNS  breaking_VBG  high_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  pier_NN  lighthouse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gyrating_JJ  boil_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  piers_NNS  ,_,  spelt_VVD  disaster_NN  for_IO  anyone_PN1  ill-advised_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  attempt_VV0  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  radio-telephone_NN  that_CS  charges_NNS  for_IO  towage_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  port_NN  were_VBDR  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  tonnage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  towing_JJ  vessel_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  engaged_VVD  a_AT1  local_JJ  tug_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  for_IO  twenty_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  forty-eight_MC  hours_NNS  after_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  plucked_VBN  the_AT1  trawler_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  sandbank_NN  before_CS  conditions_NNS  improved_VVD  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  allow_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  hand_VV0  her_PPHO1  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  tug_NN  ,_,  and_CC  be_VB0  berthed_VBN  in_IO  Yarmouth_NP  Haven_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  deposited_VVD  a_AT1  claim_NN  for_IO  salvage_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  receiver_NN  of_IO  wrecks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  learned_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  a_AT1  ship_NN  owner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  responsible_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  debts_NNS  she_PPHO1  incurred_VVD  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  harbour_NN  dues_NNS  ,_,  moorings_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  until_IO  such_DA  time_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  handed_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  rightful_JJ  owner_NN  .  
  for_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  deposit_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  sum_NN  of_IO  money_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  sail_VV0  her_PPHO1  again_RR  ,_,  pending_IO  negotiations_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  claim_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  quite_RR  protracted_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  many_DA  months_NNS  before_CS  we_PPIS2  agreed_VVD  a_AT1  mutual_JJ  settlement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  first_MD  dividend_NN    unless_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  winners_NNS  that_DD1  week_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  laws_NNS  of_IO  salvage_NN  .  
  as_CS  salvage_NN  operations_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  attended_VBN  by_IO  considerable_JJ  hard_JJ  work_NN  and_CC  great_JJ  risk_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  obligation_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  compensation_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  obviously_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  that_CS  payment_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  by_IO  every_AT1  civilized_JJ  country_NN  .  
  to_TO  qualify_VV0  for_IO  salvage_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  that_CS  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  services_NNS  were_VBDR  rendered_VBN  voluntarily_RR  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  destruction_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  service_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  withheld_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  the_AT1  services_NNS  rendered_VBN  were_VBDR  of_IO  actual_JJ  benefit_NN  .  
  towage_NN  ,_,  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  ,_,  gives_VBZ  no_AT1  right_NN  to_IO  compensation_NN  payment_NN  as_CS  distinct_JJ  from_IO  towage_NN  fees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  ship's_NN1$  crew_NN  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  ,_,  to_TO  do_VD0  all_DB  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  save_VV0  their_APP$  vessel_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  if_CS  unusual_JJ  services_NNS  are_VBR  performed_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  unforeseen_JJ  perils_NNS  encountered_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  claim_NN  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  always_RR  sustained_VBN  .  
  salvage_NN  laws_NNS  quote_VV0  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  entitlement_NN  to_IO  reward_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  vessel_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  captain_NN  is_VBZ  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  ,_,  during_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  storm_NN  is_VBZ  driving_VBG  towards_IO  a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  shore_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  pilot_NN  ,_,  seeing_VBG  her_APP$  loss_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  puts_VBZ  out_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  to_TO  assist_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  entitled_VBN  to_IO  salvage_NN  ,_,  because_CS  his_APP$  services_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  reasonably_RR  be_VB0  expected_VBN  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  ordinary_JJ  pilots'_NN2  fees_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  prior_JJ  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  salvage_NN  payable_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  amount_NN  is_VBZ  assessed_VBN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  court_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  agreement_NN  having_VHG  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  court_NN  would_VM  still_RR  set_VV0  it_PPH1  aside_RP  if_CS  it_PPH1  considered_VVD  the_AT1  amount_NN  exorbitant_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  agreed_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  under_IO  moral_JJ  compulsion_NN  .  
  salvage_NN  money_NN  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  in_IO  certain_JJ  proportions_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  owners_NNS  ,_,  captain_NN  ,_,  other_DA  officers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  crew_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  salving_JJ  vessel_NN  .  
  girl_NN  divers_NNS  of_IO  Japan_NP  .  
  ever_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  tenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  Japanese_JJ  girls_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  plunging_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  waters_NNS  around_IO  their_APP$  country's_NN1$  coastline_NN  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  search_NN  for_IO  pearls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  seaweed_NN  used_VBN  as_IO  fertilizer_NN  .  
  known_VBN  as_IO  amas_&FW  ,_,  these_DD2  girls_NNS  ,_,  wearing_VBG  only_RR  shorts_NNS  and_CC  goggles_NNS  ,_,  comb_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  bed_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prize_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  sole_JB  equipment_NN  being_VBG  a_AT1  knife_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  foot-long_JB  blade_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  basket_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  their_APP$  catch_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  barges_NNS  were_VBDR  beached_VBN  and_CC  grounded_VBN  now_RL  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  navy_NN  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  :_:  skipper_NN  Harold_NP  Miller's_PPIO2  Royalty_NP  ,_,  Charlie_NP  Webb's_PPIO2  Barbara_NP  Jean_NP  ,_,  Harry_NP  Potter's_PPIO2  Aidie_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Ena_NP  under_IO  Captain_NNSB1  Alfred_NP  Page_NP  .  
  Tollesbury_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  line_NN  :_:  she_PPHO1  must_VM  survive_VV0  the_AT1  carnage_NN  .  
  worse_JJ  ,_,  Webb_NP  had_VHD  seen_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  prickle_NN  of_IO  horror_NN  the_AT1  Doris_NP  ,_,  sinking_VBG  rapidly_RR  and_CC  abandoned_VBN  ,_,  drifting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  remorseless_JJ  tide_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  Nieuport_NP  shore_NN  .  
  his_APP$  own_DA  brother-in-law_NN  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  Fred_NP  Finbow_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  skipper_NN  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  mist_NN  ,_,  Webb_NP  saw_VVD  one_MC1  hope_NN  of_IO  salvation_NN  :_:  the_AT1  old_JJ  Thames_NP  tug_NN  Cervia_NP  ,_,  under_IO  Captain_NNSB1  William_NP  Simmons_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  moving_VBG  in_RP  to_TO  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  tow_NN  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  problem_NN  arose_VVD  :_:  no_RR  sooner_RRR  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  tow-rope_NN  secured_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Tollesbury_NP  than_CS  Simmons_NP  ,_,  anxious_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  Dunkirk_NP  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  went_VVD  ahead_RR  fast_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  barge_NN  .  
  with_IO  an_AT1  unearthly_JJ  splintering_NN  the_AT1  tug_NN  tore_VVD  her_APP$  bit-head_NN    the_AT1  stout_JJ  wooden_JJ  casing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  windlass_NN    clean_VV0  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  roots_NNS  .  
  again_RR  Tollesbury_NP  was_VBDZ  adrift_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  sea_NN  burnished_VBN  red_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  whose_PNQV$  voyaging_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  was_VBDZ  marked_VBN  by_IO  such_DA  courage_NN  .  
  at_IO  Bergues_NP  ,_,  key_JB  strong-point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  perimeter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  loyal_JJ  regiment_NN  had_VHD  stood_VBN  fast_JJ  for_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  the_AT1  line_NN  contracted_VVD  ,_,  artillery_NN  pressure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  walled_JJ  town_NN  stepped_VVD  up_RP  .  
  to_TO  man_VV0  the_AT1  stout_JJ  seventeenth-century_JB  ramparts_NNS  \0Lieut.-Colonel_NNSB1  John_NP  Sandie_NP  had_VHD  only_RR  26_MC  officers_NNS  and_CC  451_MC  men_NNS  ;_;  for_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garrison_NN  were_VBDR  stragglers_NNS  doing_VBG  their_APP$  best_JJT  .  a_AT1  transport_NN  company_NN  of_IO  ex-London_JB  bus-drivers_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  indented_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  musketry_NN  instructor_NN  .  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Alfred_NP  Naylor_NP  ,_,  deputy_NN  Chaplain_NNSB1  general_JJ  ,_,  holding_VBG  one_MC1  gate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  for_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  mixed_JJ  bag_NN  of_IO  chaplains_NNS  .  
  barred_VBN  from_IO  active_JJ  combat_NN  by_IO  their_APP$  cloth_NN  ,_,  Naylor_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  cadre_NN  did_VDD  sterling_JJ  work_NN  questioning_VBG  suspect_JJ  fifth-columnists_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  civilians_NNS  weighed_VVD  in_RP  too_RR  .  
  at_IO  Steene_NP  ,_,  west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  General_NNSB1  von_&FW  Kleist's_PPIO2  tanks_NNS  were_VBDR  advancing_VBG  steadily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  Mayor_NNSB1  Jean_NP  Duriez_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  industrial_JJ  alcohol_NN  manufacturer_NN  ,_,  turned_VVD  the_AT1  faucets_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  ten_MC  vast_JJ  stills_NNS  to_TO  send_VV0  two_MC  million_MC  gallons_NNS  of_IO  raw_JJ  spirit_NN  gushing_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  already_RR  flooded_JJ  land_NN  .  
  as_CS  Duriez_NP  watched_VVD  a_AT1  chance_JB  artillery_NN  shell_NN  ,_,  exploding_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  thunderclap_NN  ,_,  transformed_VVD  the_AT1  waters_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  raging_JJ  sea_NN  of_IO  flame_NN      like_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  planter's_NN1$  punch_NN  .    
  in_IO  fascinated_JJ  dread_NN  Duriez_NP  saw_VVD  two_MC  of_IO  von_&FW  Kleist's_PPIO2  tanks_NNS  trapped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  torrent_NN  ,_,  glowing_VBG  white-hot_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  holocaust_NN  engulfed_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  advance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  was_VBDZ  stalled_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  by_RP  Saturday_NN1  midday_NN  the_AT1  Loyals_NP2  could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  hold_VV0  Bergues_NP  itself_PPX1  .  
  already_RR  the_AT1  troops_NNS  dug_VBN  in_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  ramparts_NNS  sweltered_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  burning_VBG  buildings_NNS    the_AT1  smoke_NN  so_RG  dense_JJ  even_RR  dispatch_NN  riders_NNS  groped_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  on_IO  foot_NN  ,_,  mouths_NNS  and_CC  noses_NNS  bound_VBN  with_IO  damp_JJ  cloths_NNS  .  
  by_IO  noon_NN  the_AT1  exposed_JJ  canal_NN  bank_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  ramparts_NNS  had_VHD  become_VBN  the_AT1  Loyals'_NPS$  last_DA  stockade_NN    with_IO  men_NNS  toppling_VBG  like_IO  ten-pins_NNS  under_IO  devastating_JJ  artillery_NN  fire_NN  .  
  now_RL  in_IO  Captain_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Joynson's_PPIO2  company_NN  the_AT1  troops_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  tired_JJ  the_AT1  officers_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  haul_VV0  them_PPHO1  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  like_IO  sacks_NNS  of_IO  coal_NN  .  
  then_RL  by_IO  a_AT1  miracle_NN  the_AT1  wind_NN  changed_VVD    impelling_VBG  a_AT1  black_JJ  choking_JJ  banner_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  burning_JJ  town_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  even_RR  von_&FW  Kleist's_PPIO2  tanks_NNS  could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  advance_VV0  :_:  the_AT1  few_DA  that_PNQS did_VDD  try_VV0  ,_,  foxed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  smoke_NN  ,_,  tilted_VVD  disastrously_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  canal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  infantry_NN  advance_NN  held_VVD  off_RP    though_CS  not_XX  until_IO  9_MC  \0p.m_RR  could_VM  the_AT1  Loyals_NP2  withdraw_VV0  ,_,  doubling_VBG  between_IO  waves_NNS  of_IO  mortar_NN  fire_NN  towards_IO  Dunkirk_NP  .  
  many_DA  ,_,  by_IO  order_NN  of_IO  Major-General_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Curtis_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  left_VBN  their_APP$  rifles_NNS  propped_VBN  in_IO  position_NN  .  
  bound_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  contraption_NN  of_IO  string_NN  ,_,  weights_NNS  and_CC  slow-burning_JJ  candles_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  keep_VV0  firing_VBG  at_IO  intervals_NNS  ,_,  creating_VBG  the_AT1  illusion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tough_JJ  task_NN  force_NN  still_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  alert_NN  .  
  three_MC  miles_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  the_AT1  east_NN1  Lancashire_NP  regiment_NN  had_VHD  it_PPH1  as_RG  bad_JJ  ;_;  with_IO  all_DB  ammunition_NN  spent_VBN  ,_,  their_APP$  1st_MD  battalion_NN  fell_VVD  back_RP  towards_IO  Dunkirk_NP  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  forty-strong_JB  force_NN  under_IO  Captain_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Ervine-Andrews_NP  ,_,  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  thousand-yard_JB  front_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  withdrew_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  thick-set_JJ  ,_,  heavily-built_JB  Irishman_NN1  ,_,  Andrews_NP  was_VBDZ  venerated_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  men_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  genially_RR  informal_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  though_CS  senior_JJ  officers_NNS  were_VBDR  less_RG  sure_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  on_IO  pre-war_JB  service_NN  in_IO  India_NP  and_CC  China_NP  his_APP$  feats_NNS  had_VHD  become_VBN  an_AT1  eccentric_JJ  legend_NN    walking_VBG  fifty-six_MC  miles_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  *+5_NNU  bet_NN  ,_,  shooting_VBG  a_AT1  black_JJ  buck_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  jungle_NN  ,_,  then_RL  carrying_VBG  it_PPH1  home_NN1  draped_VBN  round_IO  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  night_NN  Andrews_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  men_NNS  crouched_VVD  under_IO  annihilating_JJ  shellfire_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  was_VBDZ  near_II  .  
  already_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  blasted_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  farmhouse_NN  quarters_NNS  ;_;  now_RL  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  barn_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  retreated_VBN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  flames_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  doubled_VVD  behind_IO  a_AT1  hedge_NN  ,_,  sparks_NNS  and_CC  blazing_JJ  straw_NN  eddying_VBG  ,_,  they_PPHS2  sighted_VVD  the_AT1  German_JJ  infantry_NN  moving_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  spaced_JJ  dangerous_JJ  line_NN  through_IO  growing_JJ  dusk_NN  .  
  Andrews_NP  exhorted_VVD  his_APP$  men_NNS  :_:  
    look_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  500_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  maybe_RR  thirty-six_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2     let_VV0  them_PPHO1  get_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  closer_RRR  and_CC  then_RL  here_RL  goes_VBZ  .    
  his_APP$  whistle_NN  shrilling_VBG  ,_,  Andrews_NP  leapt_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  weaving_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  advancing_JJ  hordes_NNS  like_IO  a_AT1  footballer_NN  moving_VBG  in_RP  to_TO  tackle_VV0  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  howling_JJ  mob_NN  of_IO  east_NN1  \0Lancs_NP  followed_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  heels_NNS  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  fell_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  seeking_VBG  cover_NN  .  
  scrambling_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  barn_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  rifle_NN  ,_,  Andrews_NP  picked_VVD  off_RP  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  seventeen_MC  Germans_NP2    then_RL  seizing_VBG  a_AT1  bren-gun_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  lunged_VVD  forward_RR  again_RR  .  
  Private_NNSB1  John_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  thick_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  recalls_VBZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  right_JJ  do_NN    when_CS the_AT1  ammo_NN  ran_VVD  low_RR  we_PPIS2  kicked_VVD  ,_,  choked_VVD  ,_,  even_RR  bit_VVD  them_PPHO1  .    
  after_IO  fifteen_MC  blood-stained_JJ  minutes_NNS  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  fell_VVD  back_RP  in_IO  confusion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  line_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN    but_CCB  Andrews_NP  after_IO  sending_VBG  his_APP$  wounded_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  down_RP  to_IO  eight_MC  men_NNS  now_RL  .  
  resolutely_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  little_JJ  band_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  struck_VVD  across-country_RR  splashing_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  flooded_JJ  fields_NNS  towards_IO  Dunkirk_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  Victoria_NP  cross_NN  awarded_VBN  to_IO  any_DD  officer_NN  in_IO  world_NN  war_NN  two_MC  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  beaches_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  savage_JJ  fury_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  had_VHD  one_MC1  result_NN  .  
  by_IO  1_MC1  \0p.m_RR    six_MC  hours_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  raid_NN  began_VVD    every_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  woman_NN  still_RR  left_VBN  had_VHD  one_MC1  resolve_NN  :_:  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  that_PNQS mattered_VVD  now_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  others_DA2  .  
  jog-trotting_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  mole_NN  ,_,  Colonel_NNSB1  Sidney_NP  Harrison's_PPIO2  6th_MD  Lincolns_NP2  had_VHD  their_APP$  own_DA  wounded_JJ  slung_VBN  like_IO  sacks_NNS  over_IO  their_APP$  shoulders_NNS    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  stumbled_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  negotiating_VBG  yawning_JJ  four-foot_JB  gaps_NNS  somehow_RR  ,_,  loading_VBG  them_PPHO1  on_RP  to_IO  ship_NN  after_IO  ship_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mole_NN  ,_,  Gunner_NNSB1  Albert_NP  Collins_NP  saw_VVD  an_AT1  officer_NN  bent_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  task_NN  to_TO  tax_VV0  Samson_NP  :_:  a_AT1  rope_NN  bound_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  yoke_NN  round_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  swam_VVD  valiantly_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  Dutch_JJ  schuit_&FW  ,_,  towing_VBG  a_AT1  Carley_NP  float_NN  with_IO  six_MC  men_NNS  aboard_RP  .  
  Lance-Bombardier_NNSB1  George_NP  Brockerton_NP  took_VVD  risks_NNS  as_RG  great_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  death_NN  trick_NN  cyclist_NN  :_:  finding_VBG  eighty-one_MC1  men_NNS  trapped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  bombed_JJ  cellar_NN  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  for_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  to_TO  free_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  hammer_NN  and_CC  chisel_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  French_JJ  hand-grenades_NNS  in_IO  lieu_NN  of_IO  gelignite_NN  .  
  oblivious_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  crash_NN  of_IO  bombs_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  helped_VVD  out_RP  every_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  their_APP$  peckers_NNS  up_RP  ,_,  did_VDD  some_DD  conjuring_NN  tricks_NNS  .  
  Private_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Allington_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Lincolns_NP2  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  element_NN  too_RR  .  
  already_RR  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  spent_VBN  one_MC1  whole_JJ  night_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  help_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  crazed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  head_NN  wound_NN  .  then_RL  ,_,  taking_VBG  a_AT1  vest_NN  and_CC  shirt_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  plugged_VBN  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  hole_NN  in_IO  another_DD1  man's_NN1$  shoulder_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  writhing_JJ  pains_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  abdomen_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  bullet_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  diving_JJ  Stukas_NP2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  too_RG  low_RR  .  
  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  off_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  bullet_NN  lodging_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  small_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  .  
  somehow_RR  ,_,  though_CS  other_DA  men_NNS  were_VBDR  nearer_RRR  ,_,  Allington_NP  was_VBDZ  again_RR  first_MD  to_TO  help_VV0    but_CCB  the_AT1  big_JJ  gentle_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  used_VBN  his_APP$  only_DA  field-dressing_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  Belgian_JJ  cripple_NN  .  
  working_VBG  doggedly_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  an_AT1  abandoned_JJ  ambulance_NN  ,_,  checked_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  running_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  loaded_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  aboard_RP  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  swooping_JJ  Stukas_NP2  ,_,  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  until_CS  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  lapping_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  bonnet_NN  .  
  standing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truck_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  flagged_VVD  a_AT1  destroyer's_NN1$  whaler_NN  to_TO  ferry_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  away_RP  .  
  everywhere_RR  men_NNS  plumbed_VVD  unsuspected_JJ  depths_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  Brigadier_NNSB1  Evelyn_NP  Barker_NP  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  edge_NN  when_CS a_AT1  shell_NN  dropped_VVD  close_RR  ,_,  shattering_VBG  a_AT1  soldier's_NN1$  arm_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  hung_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  thread_NN  .  
  without_IO  more_DA  ado_NN  Barker_NP  borrowed_VVD  a_AT1  knife_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  brigade_NN  Major_NNSB1  and_CC  honed_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  a_AT1  carborundum_NN  stone_NN  as_RG  coolly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  butcher_NN  .  
  lacking_VBG  narcotics_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  first_RR  gave_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  a_AT1  nip_NN  of_IO  cherry_NN  brandy_NN  before_IO  taking_VBG  his_APP$  arm_NN  off_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  shoulder_NN  .  
  then_RL  improving_VBG  a_AT1  tourniquet_NN  with_IO  handkerchief_NN  and_CC  pencil_NN  ,_,  Barker_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  aide_NN  carried_VVD  their_APP$  patient_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  mackintosh_NN  to_TO  place_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  charge_NN  .  
  able_JJ  seaman_NN  Samuel_NP  Palmer_NP  ,_,  with_IO  twenty_MC  years'_NN2  naval_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  a_AT1  crankshaft_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  camshaft_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  motor_NN  yacht_NN  Naiad_NP  Errant_NP  over_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  crew_NN  of_IO  three_MC    then_RL  after_IO  losing_VBG  them_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  back_RP  with_IO  nine_MC  thankful_JJ  Tommies_NP2  ,_,  helping_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  one_MC1  engine_NN  still_RR  operative_JJ  with_IO  paddles_NNS  fashioned_VBN  from_IO  shattered_JJ  doors_NNS  .  
  Stoker_NNSB1  David_NP  Banks_NP  from_IO  Sheerness_NP  did_VDD  even_RR  better_RRR  .  making_VBG  seven_MC  trips_NNS  as_IO  skipper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motor-boat_NN  Pauleter_NP  .  doing_VBG  his_APP$  trick_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  .  manning_VBG  the_AT1  bren-gun_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Stukas_NP2  dived_VVD  .  rescuing_VBG  400_MC  single-handed_RR  .  
  off_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  beaches_NNS  Commander_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Lightoller_NP  ,_,  former_DA  second_MD  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Titanic_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  packing_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_RP  aboard_IO  his_APP$  yacht_NN  Sundowner_NP  :_:  his_APP$  biggest_JJT  kick_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  stupefaction_NN  of_IO  Ramsgate's_PPIO2  naval_JJ  authorities_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  found_VVD  his_APP$  60-footer_NN  had_VHD  brought_VBN  back_RP  130_MC  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tiros_NNS  were_VBDR  well_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  fore_NN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1    Paddy_NP    Atley_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  \0Yorks_NP  found_VVD  the_AT1  barge_NN  Ena_NP  grounded_VBN  where_CS Lemon_NP  Webb's_PPIO2  flotilla_NN  had_VHD  lain_VBN  ,_,  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  back_RP  with_IO  forty_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  five_MC  sailing_NN  holidays_NNS  in_IO  Norfolk_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  fourteen_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  surprise_NN  return_NN  to_IO  Dunkirk_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  it_PPH1  finally_RR  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  David_NP  Strangeways_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington's_PPIO2  regiment_NN  hit_VVD  on_IO  another_DD1  barge_NN  ,_,  appropriately_RR  named_VBN  the_AT1  iron_NN  Duke_NNSB1  .  
  naked_JJ  save_IO  for_II  the_AT1  skipper's_NN1$  doormat_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  sarong_NN  ,_,  Strangeways_NP  brought_VVD  back_RP  twenty-six_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  navigating_VBG  with_IO  compass_NN  and_CC  school_NN  atlas_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  doctors_NNS  ,_,  life-saving_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dedication_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  uphill_JB  fight_NN  now_RL  .  
  in_IO  Private_NNSB1  William_NP  Horne's_PPIO2  ambulance_NN  unit_NN  the_AT1  only_DA  medication_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  searing_JJ  phosphorous_JJ  burns_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  acriflavine_NN  tablets_NNS  diluted_VBN  in_IO  water_NN  .  
  at_IO  Rosendael_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  dressings_NNS  were_VBDR  all_RR  but_RR  exhausted_VBN  ;_;  Major_NNSB1  Philip_NP  Newman_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  surgeon_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  one_MC1  last_DA  amputation_NN  by_IO  torchlight_NN  ,_,  then_RL  gave_VVD  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  ambulance_NN  unit_NN  at_IO  La_NP  Panne_NP  had_VHD  packed_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  record_NN  2,000_MC  operations_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  week_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  many_DA  doctors_NNS  carried_VVD  on_RP  as_CS  and_CC  how_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  .  
  where_CS equipment_NN  was_VBDZ  lacking_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  improvised_VVD  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  William_NP  MacDonald_NP  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  dugout_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dunes_NNS  ,_,  sterilised_VVD  wounds_NNS  with_IO  abandoned_JJ  petrol_NN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Joseph_NP  Reynolds_NP  ,_,  lacking_VBG  the_AT1  Thomas_NP  splints_NNS  used_VBN  for_IO  compound_JJ  fractures_NNS  ,_,  secured_VVD  fractured_JJ  femurs_NNS  with_IO  rifles_NNS  .  
  and_CC  scores_NNS  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  units_NNS  or_CC  families_NNS  lent_VVD  a_AT1  ready_JJ  hand_NN  .  slicing_VBG  up_RP  battledress_NN  trousers_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  bandages_NNS  .  ransacking_VBG  abandoned_JJ  homes_NN2  for_IO  sheets_NNS  .  pretty_JJ  Solange_NP  Bisiaux_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  French_JJ  doctor's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  wringing_VBG  out_RP  blood-stained_JJ  bandages_NNS  in_IO  salt_JJ  water_NN  .  other_DA  men_NNS  working_VBG  eight_MC  to_IO  a_AT1  relay_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  stretchers_NNS  on_IO  board_II  the_AT1  ships_NNS  .  
  round_IO  every_AT1  ambulance_NN  and_CC  aid-post_NN  Sapper_NNSB1  George_NP  Brooks_NP  noted_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  hushed_JJ  aura_NN  :_:  the_AT1    undercurrent_NN  of_IO  grief_NN  that_PNQS moves_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  wind_NN  when_CS a_AT1  coffin_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  .    
  injuries_NNS  or_CC  no_RR  ,_,  some_DD  men_NNS  were_VBDR  determined_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  journey_NN  home_NN1  .  
  Lieutenant_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0P_NP  Walsh_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Loyals_NP2  ,_,  knocked_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  lorry_NN  near_IO  Bergues_NP  ,_,  still_RR  plodded_VVD  the_AT1  five_MC  miles_NNS  to_IO  Dunkirk_NP  :_:  later_RRR  the_AT1  surgeons_NNS  found_VVD  his_APP$  pelvis_NN  was_VBDZ  fractured_VBN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  John_NP  Whitty_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  west_NN1  Kents_NP2  ,_,  wounded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  stomach_NN  ,_,  slogged_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  fifty_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Fle*?5tre_NP  ,_,  where_CS his_APP$  battalion_NN  was_VBDZ  trapped_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  at_IO  last_DA  gasp_NN  ,_,  hailed_VVD  a_AT1  passing_JJ  motor-cyclist_NN  and_CC  rode_VVD  pillion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  beaches_NNS  .  
  bundled_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  ambulance_NN  and_CC  driven_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  mole_NN  ,_,  Whitty_NP  found_VVD  the_AT1  wait_NN  tedious_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  exhorting_VBG  other_DA  wounded_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  got_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  passages_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  home-bound_JJ  boat_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  spirit_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ships_NNS  .  
  aboard_IO  the_AT1  trawler_NN  Brock_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Surgeon-Lieutenant_NNSB1  coped_VVD  with_IO  grievous_JJ  burn_NN  cases_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  tannic_JJ  acid_NN  by_IO  filling_VBG  a_AT1  zinc_NN  bath_NN  with_IO  tea_NN  and_CC  immersing_VBG  his_APP$  patients_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  necks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  destroyer_NN  Whitehall's_PPIO2  doctor_NN  ,_,  Surgeon-Lieutenant_NNSB1  David_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  went_VVD  so_RG  swiftly_RR  to_TO  aid_VV0  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  aboard_IO  the_AT1  minesweeper_NN  Jackeve_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  his_APP$  instruments_NNS  behind_RP  .  
  nothing_PN1  loth_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  amputated_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  engine-room's_NN1$  hacksaw_NN  ,_,  sterilised_VBN  with_IO  blazing_JJ  chloroform_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ex-trawler's_NN1$  fish_NN  hatch_NN  serving_VBG  as_IO  operating_NN  table_NN  .  
  Consuelo_NP  thought_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  one_MC1  from_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  handed_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  silver_NN  platter_NN  .  
  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lectured_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  families_NNS  whose_PNQV$  pedigrees_NNS  ,_,  titles_NNS  and_CC  positions_NNS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  learn_VV0  by_IO  heart_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  trip_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  voyage_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  being_VBG  made_VBN  more_RG  depressing_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke's_NNSB2  seasickness_NN  and_CC  consequent_JJ  melancholy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  the_AT1  usual_JJ  places_NNS  in_IO  Spain_NP  and_CC  then_RL  visited_VVD  Monaco_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  fair_JJ  women_NNS  and_CC  well-groomed_JJ  men_NNS  pleased_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  husband_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  replied_VVD  evasively_RR  when_CS asked_VBN  who_PNQS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  
  she_PPHO1  later_RRR  learnt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  women_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO    easy_JJ  virtue_NN    ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  which_DDQ  social_JJ  stigma_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  even_RR  claim_VV0  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  certain_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  male_JJ  companions_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  her_APP$  suitors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  married_VBN  was_VBDZ  impressed_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS described_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_IO    a_AT1  link_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chain_NN    ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  perceived_VVD  that_CS  her_APP$  first_MD  duty_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  perpetuate_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  Marlborough_NP  .  
  after_IO  seeing_VBG  something_PN1  of_IO  Italy_NP  and_CC  making_VBG  an_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  trip_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  Nile_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  stayed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Bristol_NP  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  where_CS her_APP$  husband_NN  behaved_VVD  as_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  done_VBN  and_CC  chose_VVD  her_APP$  gowns_NNS  .  
  in_IO  London_NP  at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Churchill_NP  clan_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  whom_WPO  seemed_VVD  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  Americans_NP2  lived_VVD  on_IO  plantations_NNS  with_IO  negro_NN  slaves_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  daily_JJ  dread_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  Indians_NP2  with_IO  scalping_NN  knives_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  intimidating_JJ  old_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  grandmother_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Dowager_NNSB1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Marlborough_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  made_VBN  Lady_NNSB1  Randolph_NP  Churchill's_PPIO2  life_NN  so_RG  uncomfortable_JJ  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS now_RL  ,_,  using_VBG  an_AT1  ear-trumpet_NN  ,_,  embarrassed_VVD  Consuelo_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  order_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  question_NN  :_:  
    your_APP$  first_MD  duty_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  son_NN  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  intolerable_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  that_DD1  little_JJ  upstart_NN  Winston_NP  become_VV0  Duke_NNSB1  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  way_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  proceeded_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  stud_NN  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  ,_,  being_VBG  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  mayor_NN  and_CC  corporation_NN  of_IO  Woodstock_NP  .  
  having_VHG  delivered_VBN  his_APP$  speech_NN  of_IO  welcome_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  mayor_NN  said_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  :_:  
    your_APP$  grace_NN  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  be_VB0  interested_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  Woodstock_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  mayor_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  corporation_NN  before_CS  America_NP  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  .    
  meditating_VBG  on_IO  this_DD1  weighty_JJ  pronouncement_NN  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  dragged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  townsmen_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  palace_NN  amid_IO  tumultuous_JJ  cheers_NNS  and_CC  beneath_IO  triumphal_JJ  arches_NNS  .  
  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  she_PPHO1  discovered_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  not_XX  only_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  learn_VV0  the_AT1  pedigrees_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nobility_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  social_JJ  grades_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  servants_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  she_PPHO1  rang_VVD  the_AT1  bell_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  the_AT1  butler_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  a_AT1  match_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  send_VV0  the_AT1  footman_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  grace_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  bother_VV0  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  myself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  domestic_JJ  hierarchy_NN  resembled_VVD  a_AT1  modern_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  dreaded_VVD  the_AT1  ceremonious_JJ  dinners_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  a_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  filling_VBG  his_APP$  plate_NN  with_IO  food_NN  ,_,  pushing_VBG  it_PPH1  away_RP  with_IO  refined_JJ  gestures_NNS  ,_,  doing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  to_IO  the_AT1  feeding_NN  and_CC  drinking_NN  utensils_NNS  ,_,  backing_VBG  his_APP$  chair_NN  ,_,  crossing_VBG  his_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  twirling_VBG  a_AT1  ring_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  finger_NN  ,_,  and_CC  remaining_VBG  for_IO  perhaps_RR  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  abstraction_NN  ;_;  after_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  life_NN  ,_,  eat_VV0  his_APP$  food_NN  with_IO  much_DA  deliberation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  complain_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  cold_JJ  .  
  when_CS inured_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  process_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  filled_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  time_NN  by_IO  knitting_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  seldom_RR  spoke_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  him_PPHO1  arrogant_JJ  ,_,  despising_VBG  everything_PN1  not_XX  British_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  pride_NN  was_VBDZ  hurt_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,    that_DD1  little_JJ  upstart_NN  Winston_NP    was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  Churchills_NP2  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lively_JJ  ,_,  enthusiastic_JJ  and_CC  stimulating_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  very_DA  opposite_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  cousin_NN  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  half-American_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  her_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  hit_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  Dowager_NNSB1  Duchess_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:  
    her_APP$  grace_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  realise_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  position_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  much_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  ,_,  entertaining_VBG  social_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  big-wigs_NNS  ,_,  visiting_VBG  the_AT1  poor_JJ  ,_,  writing_VBG  letters_NNS  ,_,  supervising_VBG  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  never_RR  found_VBN  love_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  had_VHD  none_PN1  to_TO  lose_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  physical_JJ  relationship_NN  essential_JJ  to_IO  her_APP$  position_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  breeding_JJ  duchess_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  eased_VBN  and_CC  steadily_RR  grew_VVD  .  
  in_IO  1900_MC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  temporarily_RR  released_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS went_VVD  to_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  as_IO  assistant_NN  military_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  under-Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  colonies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  learn_VV0  all_DB  about_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  colonials_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  entertained_VBN  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  .  
  sometimes_RR  she_PPHO1  received_VVD  unexpected_JJ  compliments_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  undergone_VBN  the_AT1  ordeal_NN  of_IO  presentation_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  drawing-room_NN  ,_,  whereat_CS the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  and_CC  Princess_NNSB1  of_IO  Wales_NP  represented_VVD  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  mother-in-law_NN  Lady_NNSB1  Blandford_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  practical_JJ  joker_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  an_AT1  American_NN1  .  
    what_DDQ  would_VM  you_PPY  think_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  like_IO  an_AT1  Englishwoman_NN1  .    asked_VVD  Consuelo_NP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  different_JJ  !_!    
    different_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  occasionally_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  reproved_VBN  for_IO  behaviour_NN  unbecoming_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  duchess_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  dinner_NN  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  and_CC  Princess_NNSB1  of_IO  Wales_NP  she_PPHO1  wore_VVD  a_AT1  diamond_NN  crescent_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  tiara_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  stared_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  the_AT1  trouble_NN  to_TO  wear_VV0  a_AT1  tiara_NN  .  
  why_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  not_XX  done_VBN  so_PN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  all_DB  these_DD2  functions_NNS  intolerably_RR  boring_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  racing_NN  at_IO  Newmarket_NP  equally_RR  so_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  accompany_VV0  her_APP$  husband_NN  to_IO  Leicestershire_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  hunting_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  no_AT1  pleasure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  fatal_JJ  error_NN  of_IO  letting_VBG  her_APP$  mind_NN  wander_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  horses_NNS  and_CC  hounds_NNS  and_CC  foxes_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  deeds_NNS  .  
  hearing_VBG  ,_,  during_IO  one_MC1  hunting_NN  season_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  much_DA  unemployment_NN  and_CC  hardship_NN  at_IO  Woodstock_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  sent_VVD  money_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  obliged_JJ  recipients_NNS  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  thanks_NNS  to_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  then_RL  exclusively_RR  occupied_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  solemn_JJ  matter_NN  of_IO  fox-chasing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  amazed_VBN  to_TO  hear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  roads_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  estate_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  repaired_VBN  ,_,  displeased_JJ  to_TO  receive_VV0  expressions_NNS  of_IO  gratitude_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  quickly_RR  informed_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entitled_VBN  to_TO  act_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  manner_NN  without_IO  his_APP$  approval_NN  .  
  however_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  approve_VV0  the_AT1  births_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  two_MC  sons_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unconscious_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  first_MD  ,_,  but_CCB  recovered_VVD  quickly_RR  on_IO  regaining_VBG  consciousness_NN  .  
  following_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  her_APP$  duty_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dukedom_NN  and_CC  could_VM  now_RL  please_VV0  herself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  life's_NN1$  realities_NNS  were_VBDR  kept_VBN  at_IO  bay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  splendour_NN  of_IO  Blenheim_NP  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  bored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  walking_VBG    on_IO  an_AT1  endlessly_RR  spread_JJ  red_JJ  carpet_NN    .  
  moreover_RR  the_AT1  conversation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nobility_NN  made_VVD  little_DA  appeal_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  met_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Austrian_JJ  aristocrats_NNS  in_IO  Vienna_NP  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1    a_AT1  pity_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  express_VV0  their_APP$  thoughts_NNS  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  different_JJ  languages_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  so_RG  few_DA  thoughts_NNS  to_TO  express_VV0    .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  died_VVD  in_IO  January_NN1  1901_MC  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS Consuelo_NP  spent_VVD  some_DD  weeks_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  that_DD1  spring_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  agreeable_JJ  company_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  depressed_JJ  by_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  wear_VV0  black_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
  all_DB  she_PPHO1  dared_VVD  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  wear_VV0  white_JJ  gloves_NNS  ,_,  thereby_RR  earning_VBG  a_AT1  lecture_NN  at_IO  Longchamps_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Devonshire_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fast_JJ  set_NN  a_AT1  generation_NN  before_II  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  now_RL  a_AT1  raddled_JJ  old_JJ  woman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  brown_JJ  wig_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  wrinkles_NNS  filled_VBN  with_IO  paint_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  mouth_NN  a_AT1  red_JJ  slash_NN  .  
  how_CS ,_,  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  Consuelo_NP  show_VV0  so_RG  little_DA  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  as_CS  to_TO  exhibit_VV0  white_JJ  gloves_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  shocked_JJ  lady_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  incorrigible_JJ  gossip_NN  ,_,  Consuelo's_PPIO2  impropriety_NN  no_AT1  doubt_NN  received_VVD  much_DA  publicity_NN  ;_;  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  canopy-bearer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  coronation_NN  of_IO  Edward_NP  7_MC  ,_,  her_APP$  fellow-bearers_NNS  being_VBG  the_AT1  Duchesses_NNSB2  of_IO  Portland_NP  ,_,  Montrose_NP  and_CC  Sutherland_NP  .  
  when_CS Alexandra_NP  was_VBDZ  anointed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  they_PPHS2  held_VVD  the_AT1  canopy_NN  over_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  oil_NN  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  her_APP$  forehead_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  shaky_JJ  hand_NN  and_CC  a_DA  little_DA  trickled_VVD  down_IO  her_APP$  nose_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  move_VV0  a_AT1  muscle_NN  but_CCB  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  expressed_VBN  anguish_NN  .  
  after_IO  eleven_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  nervous_JJ  stress_NN  ,_,  either_LE  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  invariably_RR  late_JJ  for_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  or_CC  being_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  worse_JJ  ,_,  Consuelo_NP  pined_VVD  for_IO  relaxation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  agreed_VVD  to_TO  separate_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  equal_JJ  custody_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  divorce_NN  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  and_CC  still_RR  scandalous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  since_CS  neither_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO  marry_VV0  again_RR  a_AT1  legal_JJ  separation_NN  met_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  about_RR  ten_MC  million_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Vanderbilt_NP  dollars_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  spent_VBN  on_IO  Blenheim_NP  and_CC  their_APP$  London_NP  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  produced_VBN  his_APP$  heirs_NNS  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  had_VHD  no_AT1  cause_NN  to_TO  complain_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  at_IO  Sunderland_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  built_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  present_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  musical_JJ  parties_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  became_VVD  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  social_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  starting_VBG  a_AT1  home_NN1  for_IO  women_NNS  whose_PNQV$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  prison_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  recreation_NN  centre_NN  for_IO  working_JJ  girls_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  committee_NN  which_DDQ  enquired_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  decline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  birth-rate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  obtained_VVD  a_AT1  donation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  thousand_MC  guineas_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  Bedford_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  \0Hon_NNSB1  Treasurer_NNSB1  ,_,  from_IO  Baker_NP  Street_NNL1  to_IO  Regent's_NNSB2  Park_NNL1  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  become_VBN  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Oliver_NP  Belmont_NP  since_IO  her_APP$  divorce_NN  ,_,  led_VVD  the_AT1  women's_NN2  suffrage_NN  movement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  1914_MC  war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  Consuelo_NP  worked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  women's_NN2  war_NN  relief_NN  fund_NN  ,_,  collecting_VBG  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  by_IO  writing_NN  and_CC  lecturing_NN  .  
  to_TO  enable_VV0  women_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  sex_NN  on_IO  municipal_JJ  councils_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  founded_VVD  a_AT1  women's_NN2  municipal_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS a_AT1  vacancy_NN  occurred_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  county_NN  council_NN  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  for_IO  North_NP  Southwark_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  1919_MC  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  progressive_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  borough_NN  and_CC  topped_VVD  the_AT1  poll_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  1914-18_MC-MC  war_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  the_AT1  moral_JJ  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  loosened_VBN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  obtained_VVD  a_AT1  divorce_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  July_NN1  '21_MC  she_PPHO1  married_VVD  Jacques_NP  Balsan_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Chapel_NNL1  Royal_NNSB1  ,_,  Savoy_NP  ,_,  where_CS divorced_JJ  persons_NNS  were_VBDR  treated_VBN  with_IO  indulgence_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  an_AT1  airman_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  balloonist_NN  before_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  several_DA  times_NNS  staying_VBG  at_IO  Blenheim_NP  .  
  his_APP$  nature_NN  appealed_VVD  wholly_RR  to_IO  hers_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  very_RG  happy_JJ  together_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  had_VHD  now_RL  become_VBN  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO  marry_VV0  another_DD1  American_NN1  ,_,  Gladys_NP  Deacon_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  Consuelo_NP  to_TO  get_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  marriage_NN  annulled_VBN  .  
  since_CS  Jacques_NP  Balsan_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO  appease_VV0  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  granted_VVD  the_AT1  Duke's_NNSB2  request_NN  .  
  her_APP$  only_DA  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  swear_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  against_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  on_IO  friendly_JJ  terms_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS consented_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  declaration_NN  ,_,  testifying_VBG  before_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  tribunal_NN  of_IO  catholic_JJ  priests_NNS  ,_,  that_CS    when_CS I_PPIS1  issued_VVD  an_AT1  order_NN  nobody_PN1  discussed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  therefore_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  beg_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  ordered_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  marry_VV0  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1    .  
  the_AT1  annulment_NN  being_VBG  granted_VBN  ,_,  Consuelo_NP  married_VVD  Jacques_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  catholic_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  affectionately_RR  received_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  at_IO  Cha*?5teauroux_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  then_RL  settled_VVD  down_RP  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  helping_VBG  to_TO  raise_VV0  money_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  ,_,  receiving_VBG  the_AT1  legion_NN  of_IO  honour_NN  in_IO  1931_MC  .  
  three_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  her_APP$  son_NN  succeeded_VVD  his_APP$  father_NN  as_IO  tenth_MD  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Marlborough_NP  .  
  Consuelo_NP  and_CC  Jacques_NP  built_VVD  a_AT1  house_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Riviera_NP  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  cha*?5teau_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Georges-Motel_NP  ,_,  where_CS her_APP$  philanthropic_JJ  work_NN  continued_VVD  .  
  like_IO  so_RG  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  bolt_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  Germans_NP2  entered_VVD  France_NP  in_IO  1940_MC  .  
  with_IO  difficulty_NN  they_PPHS2  escaped_VVD  to_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  thence_RR  to_IO  Portugal_NP  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  got_VVD  a_AT1  plane_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  her_APP$  story_NN  ends_VBZ  .  
  5_MC  .  
  wives_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Viceroy_NP  .  
  Mary_NP  Leiter_NP  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  .  
  Grace_NP  Duggan_NP  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  .  
  other_DA  things_NNS  being_VBG  equal_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  never_RR  are_VBR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  curious_JJ  to_TO  reflect_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Vanderbilt_NP  had_VHD  aimed_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  lower_RRR  and_CC  married_VBN  Consuelo_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  lesser_JJ  title_NN  but_CCB  more_RG  imposing_JJ  figure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  eminent_JJ  English_JJ  statesman_NN  ,_,  George_NP  Nathaniel_NP  Curzon_NP  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  vastly_RR  different_JJ  .  
  like_IO  Marlborough_NP  ,_,  Curzon_NP  married_VVD  for_IO  money_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  unlike_IO  Marlborough's_PPIO2  ,_,  became_VVD  a_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  hearts_NNS  .  
  being_VBG  an_AT1  intelligent_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  Curzon_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  influenced_VBN  by_IO  Consuelo_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS might_VM  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  allowed_VBN  her_APP$  critical_JJ  sense_NN  to_TO  remain_VV0  dormant_JJ  on_IO  that_DD1  account_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  offender_NN  made_VVD  amends_NNS  by_IO  marrying_VBG  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  never_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  regain_VV0  the_AT1  favour_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  General_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS nominated_VVD  a_AT1  wealthy_JJ  Cuban_JJ  landowner_NN  ,_,  Porcallo_NP  de_&FW  Figueroa_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  place_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  appointment_NN  .  
  Porcallo_NP  de_&FW  Figueroa's_PPIO2  main_JB  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  venture_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  acquire_VV0  slaves_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  estates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  he_PPHO1  enriched_VVD  the_AT1  expedition_NN  with_IO  ample_JJ  supplies_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  unashamedly_RR  abandoned_VVD  it_PPH1  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  realized_VVD  how_CS dearly_RR  the_AT1  savages_NNS  of_IO  Florida_NP  would_VM  sell_VV0  their_APP$  freedom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rank_NN  and_CC  file_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  expedition_NN  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  from_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Emperor's_NNSB2  wide_JJ  domains_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  from_IO  lands_NNS  beyond_II  .  
  a_AT1  particularly_RR  large_JJ  and_CC  well-armed_JJ  contingent_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  Portugal_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  Portuguese_JJ  adventurers_NNS  ,_,  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  of_IO  Elvas_NP  ,_,  that_CS  we_PPIS2  owe_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  circumstantial_JJ  first-hand_JB  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  expedition_NN  .  
  amongst_IO  volunteers_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  nationality_NN  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  mention_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  priest_NN  from_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  Biscayan_JJ  carpenters_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  Genoa_NP  master-craftsman_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  construct_VV0  anything_PN1  from_IO  a_AT1  bridge_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  brigantine_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Spaniard_NN1  reared_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  an_AT1  unnamed_JJ  Englishman_NN1  whose_PNQV$  skill_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  long-bow_NN  matched_VVD  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fighting-men_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_DA  few_DA  women_NNS  ,_,  numerous_JJ  native_JJ  servants_NNS  and_CC  negro_NN  slaves_NNS  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  horses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  pack_NN  of_IO  ferocious_JJ  mastiffs_NNS  trained_VBN  to_TO  track_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  guard_NN  ,_,  or_CC  tear_VV0  recalcitrant_JJ  Indians_NP2  to_IO  pieces_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  herd_NN  of_IO  swine_NNS    possibly_RR  the_AT1  ancestors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  razor-backs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  today_NN1    were_VBDR  taken_VBN  along_RP  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  reserve_NN  of_IO  pork_NN  rations_NNS  .  
  de_&FW  Soto_NP  opened_VVD  operations_NNS  by_IO  sending_VBG  Captain_NNSB1  Juan_NP  de_&FW  An*?4asco_NP  to_TO  reconnoitre_VV0  the_AT1  coast_NN  of_IO  Florida_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  harbour_NN  where_CS the_AT1  main_JB  expedition_NN  could_VM  disembark_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Comptroller_NNSB1  returned_VVD  without_IO  discovering_VBG  anything_PN1  suitable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  de_&FW  Soto_NP  was_VBDZ  obliged_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  landfall_NN  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  capacious_JJ  ,_,  many-armed_JJ  Bahi*?2a_NP  del_&FW  Espi*?2ritu_NP  Santo_NP  ,_,  now_RL  known_VBN  as_IO  Tampa_NP  Bay_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  starting_NN  point_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ill-fated_JJ  Narva*?2ez_NP  expedition_NN  eleven_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  were_VBDR  in_IO  jubilant_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  Juan_NP  de_&FW  An*?4asco_NP  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  kidnap_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  savages_NNS  from_IO  whose_PNQV$  outlandish_JJ  speech_NN  and_CC  vague_JJ  signs_NNS  they_PPHS2  hopefully_RR  deduced_VVD  the_AT1  proximity_NN  of_IO  abundant_JJ  gold_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  boasted_VVD  that_CS  their_APP$  General_NNSB1  had_VHD  once_RR  helped_VBN  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  hoarded_JJ  wealth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Incas_NP2  and_CC  would_VM  now_RL  surely_RR  lead_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  still_RR  more_RG  fabulous_JJ  treasure_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  before_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  virgin_JB  land_NN  ,_,  lush_JJ  and_CC  sweet-scented_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  spring_NN  freshness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  land_VV0  returned_VVD  with_IO  armfuls_NNS  of_IO  rich_JJ  grass_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  exhausted_JJ  horses_NNS  and_CC  clusters_NNS  of_IO  wild_JJ  grapes_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  comrades_NNS  .  
  Florida_NP  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  promised_JJ  land_NN  indeed_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  Indians_NP2  were_VBDR  encountered_VBN  .  
  amongst_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  all_RR  but_RR  indistinguishable_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  natives_NNS  ,_,  whom_WPO  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  almost_RR  rode_VVD  down_RP  .  
  luckily_RR  for_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  rescuers_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  spared_VBN  just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  disjointed_JJ  words_NNS  of_IO  Castillian_NN1  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Juan_NP  Ortiz_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  sailor_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  fallen_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  eleven_MC  years_NNS  before_II  when_CS serving_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Narva*?2ez_NP  expedition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS had_VHD  survived_VBN  by_IO  turning_VBG  native_NN  .  
  the_AT1  adhesion_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  man_NN  to_IO  de_&FW  Soto's_PPIO2  forces_NNS  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  major_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  could_VM  count_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  trustworthy_JJ  interpreter_NN  familiar_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  mentality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Florida_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  through_IO  Ortiz_NP  ,_,  de_&FW  Soto_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  contact_NN  with_IO  Mucozo_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chieftain_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  befriended_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  after_IO  bestowing_VBG  gifts_NNS  of_IO  clothes_NNS  ,_,  weapons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  horse_NN  ,_,  de_&FW  Soto_NP  came_VVD  briskly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  whether_CS  Mucozo_NP  had_VHD  knowledge_NN  of_IO  any_DD  land_NN  where_CS gold_NN  and_CC  silver_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Indian_NN1  replied_VVD  simply_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  nothing_PN1  of_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  ventured_VBN  further_RRR  than_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  leagues_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  dwelling_NN  place_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  some_DD  thirty_MC  leagues_NNS  off_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  there_EX  lived_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  powerful_JJ  chief_NN  called_VVD  Paracoxi_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  rich_JJ  maize-fields_NNS  .  
  de_&FW  Soto_NP  forthwith_RR  despatched_VVD  a_AT1  captain_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  but_CCB  Paracoxi_NP  ,_,  though_CS  professing_VBG  friendship_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  distrustful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  and_CC  went_VVD  into_IO  hiding_NN  .  
  his_APP$  messengers_NNS  told_VVD  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  find_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  seeking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  called_VBN  Cale_NP  ,_,    where_CS summer_NN  reigned_VVD  for_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  men_NNS  wore_VVD  golden_JJ  hats_NNS  like_IO  helmets_NNS    .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Paracoxi's_PPIO2  men_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  token_NN  of_IO  friendship_NN  and_CC  in_IO  hope_NN  of_IO  plunder_NN  ,_,  offered_VVD  to_TO  accompany_VV0  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  .  
  to_IO  Cale_NP  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  de_&FW  Soto_NP  decided_VVD  to_TO  march_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  garrison_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  men_NNS  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  behind_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  base_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  ship_NN  sent_VBN  back_RP  to_TO  convey_VV0  Porcallo_NP  de_&FW  Figueroa_NP  ,_,  already_RR  disillusioned_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  of_IO  Florida_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  slave_NN  reserve_NN  ,_,  to_IO  Cuba_NP  .  
  the_AT1  hardships_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  now_RL  began_VVD  in_IO  grim_JJ  earnest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trail_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  followed_VVD  led_VVD  across_IO  a_AT1  marsh_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  foot_NN  soldiers_NNS  crossed_VVD  by_IO  a_AT1  makeshift_JJ  bridge_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  horses_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hawser_NN  .  
  food_NN  was_VBDZ  short_JJ  .  
  water-cress_NN  and_CC  palmetto_NN  leaves_NNS  were_VBDR  poor_JJ  sustenance_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  march_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  maize_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  at_IO  Cale_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mean_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  looked_VBN  for_IO  .  
  since_CS  few_DA  Indians_NP2  had_VHD  been_VBN  captured_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  to_TO  attend_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  needs_NNS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  pounding_VBG  the_AT1  maize_NN  laboriously_RR  in_IO  mortars_NNS  of_IO  hollowed_JJ  log_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  wooden_JJ  pestles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  sifting_VBG  the_AT1  flour_NN  through_IO  their_APP$  shirts_NNS  of_IO  mail_NN  ,_,  or_CC  munching_VBG  the_AT1  parched_JJ  grains_NNS  whole_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  lacked_VVD  the_AT1  patience_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  labour_NN  .  
  but_CCB  visions_NNS  of_IO  ease_NN  and_CC  plenty_NN  beckoned_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_RP  ;_;  in_IO  Apalache_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  natives_NNS  assured_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  find_VV0  everything_PN1  they_PPHS2  desired_VVD  .  
  before_IO  leaving_VBG  Cale_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  suffered_VVD  a_AT1  loss_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  though_CS  trivial_JJ  in_IO  itself_PPX1  ,_,  throws_VBZ  light_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  values_NNS  prevailing_VBG  amongst_IO  the_AT1  conquistadores_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  deeply_RR  lamented_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  .  
  Bruto_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  redoubtable_JJ  and_CC  sagacious_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  mastiffs_NNS  ,_,  fell_VVD  a_AT1  victim_NN  to_IO  Indian_JJ  arrows_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  incident_NN  occurred_VVD  when_CS a_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  hostile_JJ  braves_NNS  suddenly_RR  appeared_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  further_JB  bank_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  river_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  were_VBDR  preparing_VBG  to_TO  cross_VV0  .  
  before_CS  his_APP$  masters_NNS  could_VM  hold_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  ,_,  Bruto_NP  broke_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  page_NN  who_PNQS held_VVD  his_APP$  leash_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  straight_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  enemy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stream_NN  was_VBDZ  broad_JJ  and_CC  swift_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  animal's_NN1$  head_NN  presented_VVD  an_AT1  easy_JJ  target_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  marksmen_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  only_RR  to_TO  fall_VV0  dead_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  struggled_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  shoulders_NNS  pierced_VBN  ,_,  so_PN1  Garcilaso_NP  declares_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  fifty_MC  arrows_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  did_VDD  Bruto_NP  join_VV0  the_AT1  shades_NNS  of_IO  Ponce_NP  de_&FW  Leo*?2n's_PPIO2  Becerillo_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  latter's_$  Leoncillo_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS won_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  master_NN  Balboa_NP  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  thousand_MC  pesos_NNS  of_IO  gold_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  plunder_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Valhalla_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Spaniards'_NP2  war-dogs_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  army_NN  toiled_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  water-logged_JJ  wilderness_NN  towards_IO  Apalache_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  became_VVD  aware_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  heading_VBG  for_IO  regions_NNS  through_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  of_IO  Narva*?2ez_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  might_VM  be_VB0  unable_JJ  to_TO  force_VV0  a_AT1  path_NN  .  
  some_DD  began_VVD  to_TO  murmur_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  turn_VV0  back_RP  while_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  yet_RR  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  de_&FW  Soto_NP  was_VBDZ  inflexible_JJ  ,_,  refusing_VBG  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_DD1  what_DDQ  others_DA2  found_VVD  impossible_JJ  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_RG  immediate_JJ  dangers_NNS  to_TO  face_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  natives_NNS  were_VBDR  professing_VBG  friendship_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  de_&FW  Soto_NP  suspected_VVD  treachery_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  assemble_VV0  powerful_JJ  forces_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  pretext_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  honour_VV0  the_AT1  strangers_NNS  by_IO  staging_VBG  a_AT1  ceremonial_JJ  parade_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  resolved_VVD  to_TO  strike_VV0  first_RR  ,_,  and_CC  fell_VVD  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  stretch_NN  of_IO  open_JJ  country_NN  bounded_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  lakes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  ,_,  taken_VBN  by_IO  surprise_NN  could_VM  offer_VV0  little_DA  resistance_NN  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  three_MC  hundred_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  run_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  lanced_VBN  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  managed_VVD  to_TO  escape_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  forests_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  sought_VVD  safety_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lakes_NNS  .  
  grimly_RR  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  posted_VVD  themselves_PPX2  around_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  shoot_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  fugitives_NNS  with_IO  cross-bows_NNS  and_CC  arquebus_NN  .  
  cold_NN  and_CC  exhaustion_NN  at_RR  length_RR  forced_VVD  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  to_TO  make_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  under_IO  cover_NN  of_IO  darkness_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  heads_NNS  camouflaged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  of_IO  aquatic_JJ  plants_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  horsemen_NNS  were_VBDR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  charge_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  forcing_VBG  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  to_TO  give_VV0  themselves_PPX2  up_RP  or_CC  turn_VV0  back_RP  .  
  Juan_NP  Ortiz_NP  called_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  loudly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  tongue_NN  ,_,  bidding_VBG  them_PPHO1  come_VV0  forth_RP  if_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  save_VV0  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  after_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  braves_NNS  struggled_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  themselves_PPX2  up_RP  ,_,  until_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  strongest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  stubborn_JJ  ,_,  remained_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  de_&FW  Soto_NP  ordered_VVD  his_APP$  native_JJ  auxiliaries_NNS  to_TO  plunge_VV0  in_RP  after_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  enemy_NN  were_VBDR  dragged_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  hair_NN  ,_,  more_RG  dead_JJ  than_CS  alive_JJ  ,_,  put_VBN  into_IO  chains_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  divided_VBN  up_RP  amongst_IO  their_APP$  captors_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  Garcilaso_NP  says_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  battle_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  trapping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  lakes_NNS  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  nine_MC  hundred_MC  fell_VVD  captive_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  warlike_JJ  savages_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  stuff_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  slaves_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  soon_RR  turned_VVD  on_IO  their_APP$  captors_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  just_RR  finished_VBN  eating_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  captive_JJ  chieftain_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  seated_VBN  beside_IO  de_&FW  Soto_NP    rose_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  with_IO  all_DB  conceivable_JJ  savagery_NN  and_CC  ferocity_NN  and_CC  closed_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  Adelantado_NP  .  
  seizing_VBG  him_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  collar_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  such_DA  a_AT1  blow_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  ,_,  mouth_NN  and_CC  nose_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  fist_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knocked_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  chair_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seated_VBN  and_CC  stretched_VVD  him_PPHO1  out_RP  senseless_JJ  on_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  to_TO  finish_VV0  off_RP  his_APP$  victim_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  himself_PPX1  fall_VV0  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  whilst_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  giving_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  roar_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  league_NN  around_RP  .    
  this_DD1  roar_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  signal_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  captives_NNS  to_TO  set_VV0  upon_IO  their_APP$  masters_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  camp_NN  .  
    as_IO  weapons_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  burning_JJ  wood_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  or_CC  other_DA  things_NNS  found_VBN  at_IO  hand_NN  ;_;  many_DA  struck_VVD  their_APP$  masters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  burned_VVD  them_PPHO1  with_IO  pots_NNS  of_IO  boiling_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  others_DA2  struck_VVD  them_PPHO1  with_IO  plates_NNS  ,_,  crocks_NNS  ,_,  jars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  pitchers_NNS  ,_,  whilst_CS  others_DA2  again_RR  used_VVD  chairs_NNS  ,_,  benches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  tables_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  had_VHN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  anything_PN1  else_RR  that_PNQS came_VVD  to_IO  hand_NN  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  revolt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fettered_JJ  savages_NNS    as_RG  desperate_JJ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  tragic_JJ  slapstick_NN  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  annals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Conquista_NP    could_VM  end_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  .  
  their_APP$  bruised_JJ  and_CC  resentful_JJ  masters_NNS  restored_VVD  order_NN  and_CC  sent_VVD  the_AT1  captives_NNS  off_RP  to_IO  execution_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  struck_VBN  down_RP  at_RR  once_RR  were_VBDR  bound_VBN  to_IO  stakes_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  shot_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  whom_WPO  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  brought_VBN  along_II  with_IO  them_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  tribe_NN  of_IO  Paracoxi_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  army_NN  pushed_VVD  on_RP  through_IO  swamps_NNS  and_CC  lurking_VBG  Indian_JJ  ambushes_NNS  towards_IO  Apalache_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  approaching_VBG  a_AT1  fertile_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  with_IO  numerous_JJ  settlements_NNS  and_CC  plantations_NNS  of_IO  maize_NN  and_CC  beans_NNS  .  
  here_RL  Narva*?2ez_NP  had_VHD  quartered_VBN  his_APP$  army_NN  and_CC  sought_VBN  in_RR  vain_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  rumoured_JJ  hoards_NNS  of_IO  gold_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coast_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  some_DD  ten_MC  leagues_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  maze_NN  of_IO  creeks_NNS  and_CC  marsh_NN  land_NN  which_DDQ  fringed_VVD  it_PPH1  thwarted_VVD  the_AT1  attempts_NNS  of_IO  reconnaissance_NN  parties_NNS  to_TO  break_VV0  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  sea_NN  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  a_AT1  lagoon_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  shores_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  traces_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  abandoned_JJ  camp_NN  .  
  heaps_NNS  of_IO  charcoal_NN  ashes_NNS  marked_VVD  the_AT1  spot_NN  where_CS a_AT1  forge_NN  had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  built_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ground_NN  was_VBDZ  strewn_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  skulls_NNS  of_IO  horses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  Bahi*?2a_NP  de_&FW  los_&FW  Caballos_NP  ,_,  where_CS Narva*?2ez_NP  had_VHD  built_VBN  his_APP$  brigantines_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  cavalry_NN  had_VHD  sacrificed_VBN  their_APP$  mounts_NNS  .  
  de_&FW  Soto's_PPIO2  men_NNS  scanned_VVD  the_AT1  trunks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  messages_NNS  which_DDQ  their_APP$  predecessors_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  .  
  further_RRR  down_IO  the_AT1  shores_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  lagoon_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  search_NN  party_NN  came_VVD  upon_IO  some_DD  disused_JJ  canoes_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  take_VV0  soundings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  deep_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  larger_JJ  vessels_NNS  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  who_PNQS decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  ripe_JJ  to_TO  order_VV0  the_AT1  evacuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garrison_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  behind_RP  at_IO  Tampa_NP  Bay_NNL1  where_CS his_APP$  expedition_NN  had_VHD  first_RR  landed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  difficult_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  returning_VBG  overland_RR  to_IO  Tampa_NP  Bay_NNL1  ,_,  through_IO  regions_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  Indians_NP2  would_VM  be_VB0  quick_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  arms_NNS  against_IO  their_APP$  old_JJ  enemies_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  entrusted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Comptroller_NNSB1  ,_,  Juan_NP  de_&FW  An*?4asco_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  picked_JJ  band_NN  of_IO  horsemen_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sea-country_NN  of_IO  Mehalah_NP  .  
  by_IO  \0J_NP  Wentworth_NP  Day_NP  .  
    Mehalah_NP  Baker_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  know'd_VVD  she_PPHO1  well_RR  ,_,  poor_JJ  gal_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_IO  dame's_NN1$  school_NN  together_RR    three_MC  halfpence_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  reading_NN  ,_,  writing_NN  and_CC  'rithmetic_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lived_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  creek_NN  on_IO  Ray_NP  Island_NNL1  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  old_JJ  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  forever_RR  drunk_JJ  on_IO  gin_NN  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  masterful_JJ  lot_NN  of_IO  gin_NN  then_RL  for_IO  tuppence_NN  .  
  poor_JJ  Mehalah_NP    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  sad_JJ  life_NN  on_IO  't_PPH1  .  
  'course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Raverand_NNSB1  over_RP  at_IO  East_NP  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  book_NN  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  the_AT1  go_NN  that_DD1  time_NN  o'_IO  day_NN  .  
  everybody_PN1  was_VBDZ  a-readin'_VBG  o'_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  Raverand_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  thin_JJ  man_NN  .  
  used_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  marsh_NN  roads_NNS  ,_,  singin'_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rare_JJ  scholard_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  right_RR  larned_JJ  man_NN  .    
  thus_RR  spoke_VVD  my_APP$  revered_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  alas_UH  ,_,  dead_JJ  ,_,  friend_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Jane_NP  Pullen_NP  ,_,  landlady_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  very_RG  old_JJ  ,_,  sun-warmed_JJ  inn_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Peldon_NP  Rose_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  crouches_VBZ  in_IO  its_APP$  willows_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Essex_NP  shore_NN  ,_,  cocking_VBG  a_AT1  wary_JJ  eye_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  independent_JJ  isle_NN  of_IO  Mersea_NP  .  
  for_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  landlady_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ancient_JJ  inn_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  Sabine_NP  Baring-Gould_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  master_NN  of_IO  Victorian_JJ  melodrama_NN  ,_,  immortalized_VBN  in_IO  Mehalah_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  salt_JJ  marshes_NNS  ,_,  first_RR  published_VBN  in_IO  1880_MC  .  
  today_NN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  collector's_NN1$  piece_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  sent_VVD  shudders_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  spines_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  grandmothers_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Pullen_NP  was_VBDZ  over_RR  eighty_MC  when_CS she_PPHO1  died_VVD  ,_,  thirty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  that_DD1  helps_VBZ  to_IO  date_NN  Mehalah_NP  Baker_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  pathetic_JJ  girl_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Essex_NP  marshes_NNS  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  farmhouse_NN  built_VBN  of_IO  wreckage_NN  timber_NN  and_CC  roofed_VBN  with_IO  red_JJ  pantiles_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  Ray_NP  Island_NNL1  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  still_RR  trace_VV0  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  among_IO  wind-twisted_JJ  thorn_NN  trees_NNS  on_IO  that_DD1  lonely_JJ  little_JJ  isle_NN  of_IO  saltings_NNS  and_CC  coarse_JJ  grass_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  shifting_JJ  tides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  twin_JB  creeks_NNS  ,_,  Ray_NP  Channel_NNL1  and_CC  Strood_NP  Channel_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  cut_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  bold_JJ  ,_,  bright_JJ  men_NNS  of_IO  Mersea_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  duller_JJ  chaps_NNS  over_RP  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  Baring-Gould's_PPIO2  story_NN  of_IO  Mehalah_NP  is_VBZ  high-pitched_JJ  ,_,  grim_JJ  ,_,  melodramatic_JJ  ,_,  removed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN  for_IO  romantic_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  redeemed_VBN  by_IO  exquisite_JJ  word-pictures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  marshes_NNS  and_CC  true-life_JB  portraits_NNS  of_IO  marshland_NN  characters_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reprinted_VBN  eighteen_MC  times_NNS  .  
  briefly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Mehalah_NP  Sharland_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  melodrama_NN  is_VBZ  wooed_VBN  by_IO  Elijah_NP  Rebow_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  marsh_NN  farmer_NN  ,_,  brutal_JJ  ,_,  cunning_JJ  ,_,  ferocious_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  owns_VBZ  the_AT1  Ray_NP  and_CC  lives_VBZ  in_IO  Red_NP  Hall_NNL1  .  
  Mehalah_NP  ,_,  vivid_JJ  ,_,  raven-haired_JJ  and_CC  gipsy-fierce_JJ  ,_,  hates_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  is_VBZ  set_VBN  on_IO  George_NP  De_NP  Witt_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  fisherman_NN  .  
  Rebow_NP  ,_,  in_IO  revenge_NN  ,_,  supplies_VBZ  her_APP$  mother_NN  with_IO  secret_JJ  kegs_NNS  of_IO  smuggled_JJ  rum_NN  ,_,  steals_VBZ  their_APP$  sheep_NNS  ,_,  betrays_VBZ  De_NP  Witt_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  gang_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  sets_VBZ  fire_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Ray_NP  farmhouse_NN  and_CC  takes_VBZ  the_AT1  now_RL  penniless_JJ  girl_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  almost_RR  senile_JJ  mother_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  at_IO  Red_NP  Hall_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  despair_NN  she_PPHO1  marries_VBZ  him_PPHO1  ,_,  swearing_VBG  never_RR  to_TO  consummate_VV0  the_AT1  marriage_NN  .  
  on_IO  her_APP$  wedding_NN  night_NN  ,_,  Mehalah_NP  hits_VBZ  Rebow_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  vitriol_NN  and_CC  blinds_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .  
  stunned_VBN  by_IO  remorse_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  swears_VBZ  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  her_APP$  old_JJ  admirer_NN  ,_,  George_NP  De_NP  Witt_NP  ,_,  returns_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  announces_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  marry_VV0  her_APP$  rival_NN  ,_,  Phoebe_NP  Musset_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Mehalah_NP  realizes_VBZ  that_CS  Rebow_NP  alone_RR  is_VBZ  constant_JJ  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  passion_NN  the_AT1  blind_JJ  man_NN  knocks_VBZ  her_PPHO1  senseless_JJ  ,_,  lifts_VBZ  her_PPHO1  into_IO  his_APP$  boat_NN  ,_,  rows_VBZ  out_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  and_CC  pulls_VBZ  out_RP  the_AT1  boat's_NN1$  plug_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pair_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  marriage_NN  unconsummated_JJ  ,_,  drown_VV0  together_RR  .  
  despite_IO  this_DD1  barn-storming_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  grips_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS remember_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  the_AT1  fanatical_JJ  ,_,  biblical_JJ  frenzy_NN  of_IO  marshland_NN  religious_JJ  beliefs_NNS  and_CC  family_NN  feuds_NNS  ,_,  glimpse_VV0  flashes_NNS  of_IO  truth_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  De_NP  Witts_NP2  ,_,  Mussets_NP2  ,_,  Petticans_NP2  ,_,  Pudneys_NP2  and_CC  others_DA2  in_IO  the_AT1  marsh_NN  villages_NNS  .  
  and_CC  Rebow_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  remembered_JJ  name_NN  .  
  the_AT1  melodrama_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  as_CS  told_VBN  by_IO  Baring-Gould_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  pure_JJ  fantasy_NN  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  place-names_NNS  and_CC  surnames_NNS  .  
  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  seaward_JB  side_NN  of_IO  Mersea_NP  Island_NNL1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ruined_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  sprawl_NN  of_IO  suburban_JJ  bungalows_NNS  ,_,  utterly_RR  alien_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  tradition_NN  of_IO  building_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  fascinating_JJ  half-land_NN  of_IO  sea-creeks_NNS  and_CC  salt_JJ  marshes_NNS  is_VBZ  much_RR  as_CS  Mehalah_NP  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  salt_JJ  tides_NNS  still_RR  gurgle_VV0  in_IO  crab-holes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ebb_NN  bares_VBZ  the_AT1  shining_JJ  mud-flats_NNS  .  
  lonely_JJ  creeks_NNS  are_VBR  opal_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  dawn_NN  ,_,  sword-blue_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  greyly_RR  silver_JJ  under_IO  misty_JJ  moons_NNS  .  
  curlew_NNS  whistle_VV0  haunting_JJ  music_NN  .  
  redshank_NNS  ring_VV0  their_APP$  million_MC  bells_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  courting_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  spring_NN  .  
  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  bar-geese_NNS  laugh_VV0  their_APP$  ghastly_JJ  laughter_NN  far_RR  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  crawling_JJ  tide_NN    the_AT1  ghosts_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  drowned_JJ  sailors_NNS  ,_,  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  alleys_NNS  of_IO  Fiddlers'_PPIO2  Green_NNL1  ,_,  mocking_VBG  the_AT1  living_JJ  about_RP  to_TO  join_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  winter_NN  the_AT1  brent_JJ  geese_NNS  come_VV0  south_NN1  over_IO  bitter_JJ  seas_NNS  from_IO  Spitsbergen_NP  and_CC  Novaya_NP  Zemlya_NP  to_TO  winter_VV0  on_IO  Dengie_NP  Flats_NP2  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  sea-wall_NN  ,_,  houseless_JJ  ,_,  manless_JJ  ,_,  goes_VBZ  marching_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  lonely_JJ  miles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tides_NNS  ebb_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  or_CC  more_DA  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  lost_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  duck-punt_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  winter_NN  fog_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  sea_NN  and_CC  land_NN  melt_VV0  into_IO  grey_JJ  ,_,  terrifying_JJ  nothingness_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  only_RR  tell_VV0  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  when_CS the_AT1  tide_NN  has_VHZ  ebbed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  lie_NN  of_IO  seaweed_NN  and_CC  eel-grass_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  .  
  a_AT1  country_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  skies_NNS  and_CC  incredibly_RR  clear_JJ  lights_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  drifting_JJ  sea-fogs_NNS  and_CC  sharp_JJ  tides_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  ,_,  old_JJ  land_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  and_CC  mystery_NN  haunted_VBN  by_IO  Roman_NN1  and_CC  Dane_NN1  ,_,  east_NN1  Saxon_NN1  and_CC  Norman_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  rough_JJ  crew_NN  of_IO  smugglers_NNS  and_CC  wreckers_NNS  ,_,  wildfowlers_NNS  and_CC  fishermen_NNS  ,_,  poachers_NNS  and_CC  marsh-men_NNS  whose_PNQV$  immemorial_JJ  kingdom_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  landward_RR  ,_,  miles_NNS  of_IO  rough_JJ  grass_NN  marshes_NNS  ,_,  cattle-dotted_JJ  ,_,  seamed_VBN  by_IO  reedy_JJ    fleets_NNS    where_CS wild_JJ  duck_NNS  nest_VV0  and_CC  reed-warblers_NNS  chitter_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  reeds_NNS  ,_,  melt_VV0  into_IO  low_JJ  uplands_NNS  ,_,  bright_JJ  with_IO  corn_NN  .  
  great_JJ  farmhouses_NNS  ,_,  built_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  armada_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boding_JJ  threat_NN  ,_,  stand_VV0  within_IO  moats_NNS  starred_VBN  by_IO  water-lilies_NNS  ,_,  sentinelled_VBN  by_IO  cloudy_JJ  elms_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  and_CC  their_APP$  villages_NNS  bear_VV0  names_NNS  that_PNQS echo_VV0  Saxon_NN1  and_CC  Roman_NN1  ,_,  Dane_NN1  and_CC  Norman_NN1  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  lie_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  lonely_JJ  creeks_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  sprit-sailed_JJ  barges_NNS  glided_VVD  ,_,  red-sailed_JJ  ,_,  above_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  to_IO  village_NN  hithes_NNS  with_IO  cattle_NNS  and_CC  corn_NN  ,_,  coals_NNS  and_CC  wood_NN  ,_,  or_CC  stacked_VBN  high_RR  with_IO  hay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  green_JJ    barge_NN  roads_NNS    ,_,  raised_JJ  causeways_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  ,_,  still_RR  run_VV0  from_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  farmyard_NN  to_IO  forgotten_JJ  havens_NNS  where_CS weed-grown_JJ  posts_NNS  stand_VV0  memorial_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rough_JJ  seaman_NN  who_PNQS tied_VVD  up_RP  there_RL  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  such_DA  an_AT1  old_JJ  green_JJ  road_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  off-buildings_NNS  at_IO  Decoy_NP  Farm_NNL1  on_IO  Bohun's_PPIO2  Hall_NNL1  at_IO  Tollesbury_NP  to_IO  Thurslet_NP  Creek_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  maps_NNS  show_VV0  as_IO  Thistly_NP  Creek_NNL1  ,_,  a_AT1  name_NN  not_XX  used_VBN  locally_RR  .  
  across_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  lie_VV0  Tolleshunt_NP  D'Arcy_NP  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  Bourchier's_PPIO2  Hall_NNL1  ;_;  the_AT1  first_MD  within_IO  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  moat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  with_IO  fragments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  homestead_NN  moat_NN  .  
  within_IO  a_AT1  gunshot_NN  of_IO  Bourchier's_PPIO2  Hall_NNL1  stand_VV0  the_AT1  mournful_JJ  remains_NNS  of_IO  Guisnes_NP  Court_NNL1  ,_,  built_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  stones_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  Bridge_NNL1  .  
  those_DD2  four_MC  house_NN  names_NNS  preserve_VV0  manorial_JJ  memories_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Baron_NNSB1  Bohun_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  with_IO  Bigod_NP  ,_,  threw_VVD  the_AT1  threats_NNS  of_IO  Edward_NP  1_MC1  in_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  :_:  
    by_IO  God_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  neither_LE  go_VV0  nor_CC  hang_VV0  .    
  Tolleshunt_NP  D'Arcy_NP  derives_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  D'Arcys_NP2  who_PNQS held_VVD  half_DB  this_DD1  wild_JJ  marsh_NN  country_NN  in_IO  feudal_JJ  fee_NN  .  
  Baldwin_NP  ,_,  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Guisnes_NP  ,_,  held_VVD  a_AT1  knight's_NN1$  fee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  Boulogne_NP  in_IO  Tollesbury_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  John_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  passed_VVD  later_RRR  to_IO  Robert_NP  Bourchier_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  .  
  Robert_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Bourchier_NP  ,_,  kept_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  court_NN  at_IO  Bourchier's_PPIO2  Hall_NNL1  in_IO  1329_MC  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  echoes_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  ,_,  there_EX  lie_VV0  ,_,  scattered_VBN  under_IO  wide_JJ  marsh_NN  skies_NNS  ,_,  manors_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  which_DDQ  sing_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  tongue_NN    Salcott-cum-Virley_NP  ,_,  Bradwell-juxta-Mare_NP  ,_,  Tolleshunt_NP  Knights_NP  ,_,  Layer_NP  Breton_NP  ,_,  Layer-de-la-Haye_NP  :_:  all_DB  are_VBR  Norman_JJ  .  
  Fingringhoe_NP  ,_,  Langenhoe_NP  and_CC  Wivenhoe_NP  smell_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Viking_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  gaunt_JJ  grey_JJ  priory_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Osyth_NP  ,_,  across_IO  the_AT1  Colne_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  of_IO  Brightlingsea_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  dedicated_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  forgotten_JJ  Saxon_JJ  saint_NN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  coast_NN  is_VBZ  vivid_JJ  with_IO  history_NN  .  
  a_AT1  mile_NN  east_NN1  of_IO  Bradwell_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  straight_JJ  Roman_JJ  road_NN  which_DDQ  leads_VBZ  through_IO  wheat_NN  and_CC  barley_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  remnants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  twelve-foot-thick_JB  walls_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Roman_JJ  fort_NN  of_IO  Othona_NP  ,_,  built_VBN  to_TO  guard_VV0  the_AT1  mouth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Blackwater_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  Diocletian_NP  or_CC  Constantine_NP  1_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  garrisoned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Count_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Saxon_JJ  shore_NN  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  in_IO  \0A.D_RR  653_MC  ,_,  Cedd_NP  ,_,  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  Saxons_NP2  ,_,  built_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  ruins_NNS  \0St_NNSB1  Peter's_PPIO2  Chapel_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  cathedral_NN  which_DDQ  stands_VBZ  ,_,  earth-floored_JJ  ,_,  wind-beaten_JJ  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  rise_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea-wall_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fifty-five_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  and_CC  twenty-six_MC  feet_NNS  wide_JJ  ,_,  barely_RR  large_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  dozen_MC  worshippers_NNS  .  
  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  pilgrims_NNS  visit_VV0  it_PPH1  each_DD1  year_NN  and_CC  camp_VV0  in_IO  army_NN  huts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  near-by_JB  marsh_NN  .  
  Elizabethan_JJ  seamen_NNS  used_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  beacon_NN  tower_NN  whose_PNQV$  flames_NNS  flickered_VVD  at_IO  night_NN  far_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  treacherous_JJ  sea-flats_NNS  .  
  Georgian_JJ  smugglers_NNS  stored_VVD  their_APP$  barrels_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  ,_,  troops_NNS  used_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  look-out_NN  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reconsecrated_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  dead_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  lie_VV0  in_IO  state_NN  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  or_CC  more_DA  ,_,  within_IO  those_DD2  lonely_JJ  walls_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crawling_JJ  sea_NN  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  gallant_JJ  old_JJ  friend_NN  Walter_NP  Linnett_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Essex_NP  fowlers_NNS    ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ago_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  his_APP$  long_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  one-storeyed_JJ  ,_,  three-roomed_JJ  wooden_JJ  coastguard_NN  cottage_NN  which_DDQ  crouches_VBZ  ,_,  bowered_JJ  in_IO  vines_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  seaward_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea-wall_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Roman_JJ  fort_NN  .  
  there_RL  he_PPHO1  reared_VVD  his_APP$  family_NN  of_IO  six_MC  and_CC  fed_VVD  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  spoils_NNS  of_IO  punt-gun_NN  and_CC  peter-net_NN  ,_,  eel-spear_NN  and_CC  rabbit-snare_NN  .  
  his_APP$  great_JJ  punt-gun_NN  ,_,  ten_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  ,_,  two-and-a-half_MC  inches_NNS  in_IO  bore_NN  ,_,  three_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  in_IO  weight_NN  ,_,  capable_JJ  of_IO  firing_VBG  two_MC  pounds_NNS  of_IO  swan_NN  shot_NN  ,_,  now_RL  stands_VBZ  in_IO  my_APP$  hall_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  killed_VBN  fifty_MC  thousand_MC  wild_JJ  geese_NNS  and_CC  wild_JJ  duck_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  hundred_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wild_JJ  geese_NNS  are_VBR  protected_VBN  now_RL  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  winter_NN  the_AT1  marshes_NNS  and_CC  bitter_JJ  mud-flats_NNS  of_IO  Mehalah's_PPIO2  country_NN  are_VBR  haunted_VBN  at_IO  dawn_NN  and_CC  dusk_NN  by_IO  long_JJ  wavering_JJ  skeins_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  birds_NNS  like_IO  windblown_JJ  witches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  built_VVD  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  fort_NN  of_IO  Othona_NP  :_:  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  pharos_NN  ,_,  or_CC  lighthouse_NN  ,_,  on_IO  Mersea_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  laid_VVD  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Strood_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  causeway_NN  which_DDQ  connects_VBZ  the_AT1  island_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  mainland_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  to_IO  Mersea_NP  for_IO  oysters_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  sent_VVD  their_APP$  sick_JJ  there_RL  to_TO  recover_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  built_VVD  a_AT1  temple_NN  to_IO  Vesta_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  of_IO  West_NP  Mersea_NP  church_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  shooting_NN  on_IO  Fingringhoe_NP  Wick_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Colne_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  lonely_JJ  peninsula_NN  of_IO  sandy_JJ  gravel_NN  and_CC  saltings_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  the_AT1  complete_JJ  foundations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  villa_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  oyster_NN  shells_NNS  .  
  Salcott-cum-Virley_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  village_NN  ;_;  across_IO  the_AT1  creek_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ghost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vanished_JJ  village_NN  of_IO  Virley_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Sun_NP  Inn_NNL1  ,_,  immortalized_VBN  in_IO  Mehalah_NP  ,_,  stands_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  street_NN  ,_,  as_RR  yet_RR  ,_,  thank_VV0  God_NP  ,_,  unmodernized_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  Virley_NP  Church_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS Mehalah_NP  was_VBDZ  married_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  brutal_JJ  Elijah_NP  Rebow_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rabbit_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ruin_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  near-by_JB  White_NP  Hart_NP  Inn_NNL1  ,_,  once_RR  a_AT1  den_NN  of_IO  smugglers_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  blotted_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  bomb_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  tragic_JJ  wedding_NN  ,_,  as_CS  re-told_VBN  by_IO  Herbert_NP  Tompkins_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  Marsh_NNL1  Country_NNL1  rambles_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pathetic_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rough_JJ  marsh-life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1    nots_NC2    in_IO  the_AT1  Decalogue_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  erased_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  village_NN  humourist_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  wormeaten_JJ  deal_NN  table_NN  did_VDD  duty_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  altar_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  curate's_NN1$  red_JJ  cotton_NN  handkerchief_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  altar-cloth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chancel_NN  was_VBDZ  eaten_VBN  through_RP  by_IO  rats_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  bones_NNS  beneath_II  were_VBDR  exposed_VBN  to_TO  view_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  congregation_NN  consisted_VVD  chiefly_RR  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  young_JJ  folk_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS snored_VVD  sonorously_RR  ,_,  or_CC  cracked_VVD  nuts_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  adorned_VVD  the_AT1  pews_NNS  with_IO  rude_JJ  sketches_NNS  of_IO  ships_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  wedding-day_NN  a_AT1  motley_JJ  crowd_NN  assembled_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  fun_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  church_NN  was_VBDZ  crowded_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  gallery_NN  boys_NNS  dropped_VVD  broken_JJ  tobacco-pipes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  persons_NNS  below_II  ;_;  a_AT1  sweep_NN  ,_,  unwashed_JJ  ,_,  pushed_VVD  forward_RR  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  seat_NN  beside_IO  the_AT1  altar_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  communion-rails_NNS  were_VBDR  broken_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  chancel_NN  filled_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  noisy_JJ  squabbling_JJ  mob_NN  .  
  pen_NN  and_CC  ink_NN  were_VBDR  ,_,  with_IO  difficulty_NN  ,_,  found_VVD  ;_;  while_CS  the_AT1  sight-seers_NNS  exchanged_VVD  uncomplimentary_JJ  sentences_NNS  aloud_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rabbit_NP  .  
  the_AT1  bridegroom_NN  was_VBDZ  arrayed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1    blue_JJ  coat_NN  with_IO  brass_NN  buttons_NNS  and_CC  knee-breeches_NNS    ;_;  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  De_NP  Witt_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  queer_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  thrown_VBN  a_AT1  smart_JJ  red_JJ  coat_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  silk_NN  dress_NN  ;_;  on_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1    broad_JJ  white_JJ  chip_NN  hat_NN    ,_,  tied_VBN  with_IO  ribbons_NNS  of_IO  sky_NN  blue_NN  ;_;  in_IO  her_APP$  frizzled_JJ  hair_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  forget-me-nots_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  persons_NNS  who_PNQS suffered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  revolt_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  were_VBDR  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  either_LE  churchmen_NNS  (_(  and_CC  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  ,_,  do_VD0  reveal_VV0  an_AT1  animus_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  richer_JJ  cleric_NN  )_)  ,_,  or_CC  individuals_NNS  personally_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  misgovernment_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  abuse_NN  of_IO  office_NN  (_(  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  of_IO  Nottingham's_PPIO2  chief_JB  crime_NN  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  abuse_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  official_JJ  position_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  attacked_VBN  in_IO  1381_MC  were_VBDR  persons_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Sudbury_NP  and_CC  Hales_NP  and_CC  Legge_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  were_VBDR  linked_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  imposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poll_NN  tax_NN  ;_;  John_NP  of_IO  Gaunt_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  suspected_VBN  of_IO  designs_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  affinity_NN  :_:  and_CC  the_AT1  lawyers_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  justices_NNS  like_IO  Bealknap_NP  and_CC  Cavendish_NP  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  apprentices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Temple_NNL1    the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  who_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  individually_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  resisting_VBG  the_AT1  peasants'_NN2  claims_NNS  at_IO  law_NN  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  attempted_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  their_APP$  free_JJ  status_NN  by_IO  exemplifications_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  Domesday_NP  ,_,  or_CC  were_VBDR  charged_VBN  with_IO  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  statute_NN  of_IO  labourers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  the_AT1  brunt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  in_IO  1381_MC  fell_VVD  on_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  ,_,  either_LE  professionally_RR  or_CC  personally_RR  ,_,  directly_RR  associated_JJ  with_IO  political_JJ  mismanagement_NN  or_CC  legal_JJ  oppression_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Cade's_PPIO2  revolt_NN  ,_,  when_CS lesser_JJ  gentry_NN  fought_VVD  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  peasant_NN  :_:  their_APP$  attack_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  corrupt_JJ  Lancastrian_JJ  officials_NNS  ,_,  James_NP  Fiennes_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  affinity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sheriffs_NNS  and_CC  under-sheriffs_NNS  of_IO  counties_NNS  .  
  rumours_NNS  of_IO  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  slaughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aristocracy_NN  in_IO  1381_MC  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  clergy_NN  in_IO  1450_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  clearly_RR  exaggerated_JJ  .  
  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  humble_JJ  and_CC  gentle_JJ  ,_,  accepted_VVD  a_AT1  stratified_JJ  society_NN  :_:  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  resented_VVD  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  abuse_NN  of_IO  official_JJ  or_CC  social_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  the_AT1  attitude_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  echo_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  detailed_JJ  catalogue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crimes_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Abbot_NNSB1  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  .  
  one_MC1  should_VM  not_XX  expect_VV0  popular_JJ  literature_NN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  its_APP$  attack_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  manorial_JJ  system_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  inconvenience_NN  of_IO  villein_NN  status_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  themselves_PPX2  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  their_APP$  grievances_NNS  in_IO  economic_JJ  or_CC  systematic_JJ  terms_NNS  :_:  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  them_PPHO1  rather_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  viciousness_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  lords_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  after_IO  were_VBDR  Hobbe_NP  the_AT1  robber_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lawyers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  set_VBN    Trewthe_NP  under_IO  a_AT1  lokke_NN    and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  unfasten_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  any_DD    but_CS  he_PPHO1  sing_VV0  dedero_NN    .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  however_RR  other_DA  reasons_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  declares_VBZ  ,_,  why_CS the_AT1  ballads_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  appeal_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  peasant_NN  audience_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  crucial_JJ  events_NNS  centre_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  courts_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  sheriff_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  knights_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  figures_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  mention_NN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  justices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  ,_,  with_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  humble_JJ  criminal_NN  would_VM  surely_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  more_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  elementary_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  justices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  could_VM  not_XX  declare_VV0  outlawry_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  proclaimed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  court_NN  .  
  that_CS  peasants_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  unconcerned_JJ  about_IO  this_DD1  would_VM  hardly_RR  seem_VV0  a_AT1  tenable_JJ  view_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  Wat_NP  Tyler's_PPIO2  demand_NN  at_IO  Smithfield_NP  in_IO  1381_MC    that_CS  sentence_NN  of_IO  outlawry_NN  be_VB0  not_XX  pronounced_VBN  henceforth_RR  in_IO  any_DD  process_NN  at_IO  law_NN    .  
  again_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  asserts_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  methods_NNS  and_CC  manner_NN  of_IO  poaching_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  are_VBR  aristocratic_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  object_NN  sport_NN  ,_,  not_XX  food_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  of_IO  the_AT1  outlaws'_NN2  claim_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Gest_NP  of_IO  Robyn_NP  Hode_NP  :_:  *"_*'  
  we_PPIS2  lyve_VV0  by_IO  our_APP$  kynge"s_NN1$  dere_NNS  ,_,  other_DA  shyft_NN  have_VH0  not_XX  wee_PPIS2  .  **"_**'  
  here_RL  surely_RR  food_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  implied_JJ  object_NN  of_IO  poaching_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  make_VV0  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trapping_NN  of_IO  rabbits_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  lesser_JJ  game_NN  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  germane_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  are_VBR  certainly_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  heroic_JJ  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  heroic_JJ  topic_NN  .  
  peasant_NN  poaching_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  confined_VBN  to_IO  humble_JJ  quarry_NN  :_:  another_DD1  of_IO  Wat_NP  Tyler's_PPIO2  demands_NNS  in_IO  1381_MC  was_VBDZ  that_CS  all_DB  warrens_NNS  ,_,  parks_NNS  and_CC  chases_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  ,_,    so_CS  that_CS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  ,_,  in_IO  .  the_AT1  woods_NNS  and_CC  forests_NNS  ,_,  poor_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  rich_JJ  might_VM  take_VV0  wild_JJ  beasts_NNS  and_CC  hunt_VV0  the_AT1  hare_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN    .  
  moreover_RR  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  poaching_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  surely_RR  stamps_VBZ  it_PPH1  as_CS  humble_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  rich_JJ  man_NN  hunted_VVD  with_IO  dogs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  Abbot_NNSB1  Clowne_NP  of_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  success_NN  in_IO  breeding_VBG  hounds_NNS  earned_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  ,_,  reminds_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  outlaws_NNS  shot_VVD  their_APP$  deer_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  weapon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aristocrat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  schools_NNS  of_IO  English_JJ  archery_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  village_NN  butts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  among_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  learned_VBN  their_APP$  skill_NN  there_RL  that_CS  Edward_NP  3_MC  recruited_VVD  his_APP$  longbowmen_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  military_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  archer_NN  led_VVD  Edward_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  archery_NN  contests_NNS  compulsory_JJ  on_IO  feast_NN  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  never_RR  earned_VVD  the_AT1  archer_NN  social_JJ  status_NN  .  
  the_AT1  poachers_NNS  of_IO  Sherwood_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  skill_NN  proved_VVD  so_RG  useful_JJ  at_IO  Halidon_NP  Hill_NNL1  in_IO  1333_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  sporting_JJ  gentry_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  men_NNS  arrayed_VBN  from_IO  among_IO  those_DD2  humble_JJ  people_NNS  whom_WPO  the_AT1  statute_NN  of_IO  Winchester_NP  had_VHD  commanded_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0    bows_NNS  and_CC  arrows_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  bows_NNS  and_CC  bolts_NNS    .  
  Edward_NP  1_MC1  had_VHD  clearly_RR  realised_VBN  to_IO  what_DDQ  use_NN  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  less_DA  than_IO  twenty_MC  marks_NNS  in_IO  goods_NNS  and_CC  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  would_VM  put_VV0  their_APP$  arrows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  protected_VVD  his_APP$  venison_NN  accordingly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  preclude_VV0  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  from_IO  appealing_VBG  primarily_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  peasant_NN  audience_NN  seem_VV0  therefore_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  weak_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  of_IO  the_AT1  positive_JJ  arguments_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  being_VBG  composed_VBN  for_IO  gentle_JJ  ears_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  knightly_JJ  class_NN  is_VBZ  consistently_RR  treated_VBN  with_IO  favour_NN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  Gest_NP  Sir_NNSB1  Richard_NP  atte_IO  Lee_NP  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  light_NN  and_CC  that_CS  Gamelyn_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  knight's_NN1$  son_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  to_TO  make_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  knights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  tale_NN  of_IO  Gamelyn_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  ready_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  conspire_VV0  with_IO  Gamelyn's_PPIO2  villainous_JJ  elder_JJ  brother_NN  to_TO  cheat_VV0  the_AT1  boy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  inheritance_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  to_TO  say_VV0  of_IO  Alan_NP  a'Dale_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS but_IO  for_II  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  died_VBN  broken-hearted_JJ  because_CS  his_APP$  love_NN  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN    to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  old_JJ  knight's_NN1$  delight_NN  .    
  and_CC  from_IO  what_DDQ  class_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  sheriffs_NNS  and_CC  justices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  chosen_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  from_IO  among_IO  the_AT1  knights_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  knights_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  class_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  treated_VBN  consistently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  my_APP$  submission_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  expect_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  commons_NNS  had_VHD  no_AT1  animus_NN  against_IO  social_JJ  rank_NN  as_IO  such_DA  :_:  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  resented_VVD  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  lordship_NN  of_IO  unjust_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  corrupt_JJ  practices_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  political_JJ  horizons_NNS  were_VBDR  limited_JJ  and_CC  local_JJ  :_:  their_APP$  grievances_NNS  were_VBDR  specific_JJ  .  
  their_APP$  appeal_NN  in_IO  1381_MC  was_VBDZ  to_IO  specified_JJ  rights_NNS  of_IO  ancient_JJ  standing_NN  ,_,  to_IO  charters_NNS  of_IO  Cnut_NP  and_CC  Offa_NP  and_CC  to_IO  Domesday_NP  book_NN  :_:  in_IO  1450_MC  they_PPHS2  drew_VVD  up_RP  their_APP$  complaints_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  list_NN  ,_,  setting_VBG  them_PPHO1  out_RP  one_MC1  by_IO  one_MC1  .  
  and_CC  on_IO  both_DB2  occasions_NNS  they_PPHS2  limited_VVD  their_APP$  governmental_JJ  demands_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  evil_JJ  councillors_NNS  and_CC  officials_NNS  .  
  so_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  stories_NNS  the_AT1  final_JJ  resolution_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  substitution_NN  of_IO  just_JJ  men_NNS  for_IO  corrupt_JJ  officials_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  set_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  to_IO  rights_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  reform_VV0  the_AT1  system_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  kill_VV0  the_AT1  Sheriff_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  Gamelyn_NP  Chief_NNSB1  Justice_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Forest_NNL1  .  
  hero_NN  and_CC  villain_NN  are_VBR  differentiated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  which_DDQ  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  audience_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  understood_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  distinction_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  character_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  social_JJ  class_NN  .  
  the_AT1  knights_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  all_RR  good_JJ  or_CC  all_RR  bad_JJ  :_:  Gamelyn_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  King_NNSB1  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  hero_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  villain_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  both_DB2  are_VBR  born_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  father_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  social_JJ  standing_NN  .  
  neither_LE  the_AT1  attitude_NN  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  towards_IO  persons_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  social_JJ  status_NN  nor_CC  their_APP$  attitude_NN  towards_IO  social_JJ  problems_NNS  seem_VV0  necessarily_RR  to_TO  associate_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  knightly_JJ  class_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  claims_VBZ  that_CS  their_APP$  appeal_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  revealed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stories_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  describes_VBZ  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO    maintenance_NN  and_CC  misgovernment_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  worst_JJT  ,_,  of_IO  baronial_JJ  and_CC  border_NN  warfare_NN    ,_,  subjects_NNS  of_IO  primary_JJ  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  gentry_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  gentry_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  failed_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  border_NN  warfare_NN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  genuinely_RR  early_JJ  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  ballads_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  surprising_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  certain_JJ  incidents_NNS  recounted_VBN  of_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  told_VBN  of_IO  border_NN  heroes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  Murray_NP  of_IO  Ettrick_NP  Forest_NNL1  warred_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1    southrons_NNS    at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  band_NN  clad_JJ  in_IO  Lincoln_NP  green_NN  ,_,  and_CC  William_NP  Wallace_NP  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Blind_NP  Harry_NP  ,_,  adopted_VVD  the_AT1  classical_JJ  outlaw's_NN1$  disguise_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  potter_NN  to_TO  spy_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  enemies_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  disguise_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  Eustace_NP  the_AT1  Monk_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  central_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thirteenth-century_JB  romance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  .  
  incidents_NNS  in_IO  another_DD1  French_JJ  romance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  Fulk_NP  Fitzwarin_NP  ,_,  also_RR  resemble_VV0  stories_NNS  told_VBN  of_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  ,_,  as_CS  do_VD0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  incidents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Hereward_NP  the_AT1  Wake_NP  .  
  since_CS  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  common_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  stories_NNS  (_(  for_IO  instance_NN  the_AT1  chivalrous_JJ  episodes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fights_NNS  with_IO  giants_NNS  and_CC  dragons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  scenes_NNS  of_IO  courtly_JJ  love_NN  )_)  are_VBR  clearly_RR  intended_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  aristocratic_JJ  audience_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  argues_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  ballads_NNS  were_VBDR  meant_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  ears_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  significant_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  while_CS  the_AT1  romances_NNS  share_VV0  these_DD2  common_JJ  themes_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  William_NP  Wallace_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  concerns_VBZ  knightly_JJ  struggles_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  ,_,  courtly_JJ  and_CC  chivalrous_JJ  material_NN  are_VBR  entirely_RR  lacking_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  matter_NN  common_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  knightly_JJ  tales_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  ballads_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  case_NN  derivative_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  borrowing_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  source_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  omission_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  of_IO  chivalrous_JJ  material_NN  and_CC  of_IO  references_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  wars_NNS  ,_,  surely_RR  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  aimed_VBN  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  audience_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  longer_JJ  romances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  less_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  these_DD2  subjects_NNS  .  
  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  case_NN  is_VBZ  confirmed_VBN  both_DB2  by_IO  the_AT1  testimony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  references_NNS  to_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  chronicles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  consistently_RR  favourable_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  outlaws_NNS  of_IO  story_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  poorer_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outlaws_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  always_RR  poor_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  poor_JJ  man_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  demand_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  kindness_NN  ,_,  good_JJ  lordship_NN  to_TO  engage_VV0  his_APP$  fidelity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  gave_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  Robin_NP  Hood's_PPIO2  famous_JJ  advice_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  but_CCB  loke_VV0  ye_PPY  do_VD0  no_AT1  husbonde_NN  harm_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS tilleth_VBZ  with_IO  his_APP$  ploughe_NN  .  **"_**'  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  theme_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  his_APP$  final_JJ  epitaph_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Gest_NP  :_:  *"_*'  
  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  outlawe_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dyde_VDD  pore_JJ  men_NNS  moch_DA  god_NN  .  **"_**'  
  how_CS the_AT1  outlaw_NN  was_VBDZ  rewarded_VBN  is_VBZ  told_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tale_NN  of_IO  Gamelyn_NP  :_:  the_AT1  knights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  might_VM  conspire_VV0  to_TO  cheat_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  villeins_NNS  were_VBDR  faithful_JJ  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  of_IO  extreme_JJ  misfortune_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  tho_RL  were_VBDR  his_APP$  bonde-men_NNS  sory_JJ  and_CC  nothing_PN1  glad_JJ  when_CS Gamelyn_NP  her_APP$  lord_NN  wolves_NNS  heed_NN  was_VBDZ  cryed_VBN  and_CC  maad_VBN  .  **"_**'  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  protect_VV0  them_PPHO1  against_IO  the_AT1  oppressions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  master_NN  that_CS  Gamelyn_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Moot_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  arrested_VBN  and_CC  bound_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  .  
  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  like_IO  Gamelyn_NP  a_AT1  knight_NN  or_CC  like_IO  Robin_NP  Hood_NP  a_AT1  yeoman_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  hero_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth-_JB  and_CC  fifteenth-century_JB  stories_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  :_:  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  consistently_RR  the_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  knight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN    poor_NC2    ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  used_VBN  it_PPH1  here_RL  ,_,  does_VBZ  require_VV0  a_AT1  gloss_NN  .  
  the_AT1  poor_JJ  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  ballads_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,  thirteenth-century_JB  villeins_NNS  ,_,  bound_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  ancestral_JJ  thraldom_NN  and_CC  working_VBG  three_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  lord's_NN1$  land_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  mostly_RR  yeomen_NNS  ,_,  bound_VBN  to_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  by_IO  the_AT1  ties_NNS  of_IO    good_JJ  yeomanry_NN    ,_,  proud_JJ  ,_,  independent_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  .  
  because_CS  this_DD1  independence_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  striking_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  outlaw_NN  ballads_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holt_NP  has_VHZ  drawn_VBN  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  yeoman_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  peasant_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  defines_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN  yeoman_NN  as_CS  meaning_VBG  a_AT1  special_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  household_NN  servant_NN  ,_,  in_IO  rank_NN  only_RR  a_RR  little_RR  inferior_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  squire_NN  and_CC  quite_RR  possibly_RR  of_IO  gentle_JJ  breeding_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  whether_CS  the_AT1  word_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  limited_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  meaning_NN  in_IO  fourteenth-_JB  or_CC  fifteenth-century_JB  usage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  after_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  period_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  composed_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  see_VV0  how_CS such_DA  a_AT1  meaning_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  squared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO    genz_&FW  de_&FW  mestre_&FW  et_&FW  d'artifice_&FW  appellez_&FW  yomen_&FW    in_IO  the_AT1  parliament_NN  roll_NN  of_IO  1363_MC  ,_,  or_CC  with_IO  Barbour's_PPIO2  description_NN  of_IO  yeomen_NNS  who_PNQS fight_VV0    apon_IO  fut_NN      a_AT1  most_RG  unknightly_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  struggle_NN  Wratislaw_NP  won_VVD  his_APP$  case_NN  with_IO  costs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Arnold_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  Wratislaw_NP  and_CC  Gibb_NP  children_NNS  even_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  no_AT1  Latin_NN1  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  general_JJ  attempt_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  restore_VV0  the_AT1  lost_JJ  forms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  children_NNS  who_PNQS happened_VVD  to_TO  attend_VV0  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  headmaster's_NN1$  displeasure_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  coached_VBN  specially_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Wratislaw_NP  case_NN  of_IO  1839_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  protests_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  social_JJ  position_NN  was_VBDZ  exceptional_JJ  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  acknowledged_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  nobility_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  social_JJ  superior_NN  of_IO  everyone_PN1  locally_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  professional_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  without_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  tradition_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  question_VV0  national_JJ  and_CC  local_JJ  opinions_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  rational_JJ  basis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  independence_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  radicals_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  predominantly_RR  tory_JJ  neighbourhood_NN  .  
  the_AT1  probe_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  rights_NNS  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  as_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  reflection_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  position_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  generation_NN  on_IO  foreign_JJ  soil_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  consequence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  experience_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  solicitor_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  assess_VV0  the_AT1  legal_JJ  position_NN  at_IO  first_MD  hand_NN  .  
  after_IO  Wratislaw_NP  came_VVD  the_AT1  revolt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  traders_NNS  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  middle_JB  class_NN  sons_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  at_IO  Rugby_NP  School_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  from_IO  Rugby_NP  itself_PPX1  were_VBDR  few_DA  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  acceptance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sons_NNS  of_IO  gentry_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  professional_JJ  men_NNS    doctors_NNS  ,_,  bankers_NNS  and_CC  solicitors_NNS    was_VBDZ  a_AT1  traditional_JJ  practice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  more_RG  important_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  sons_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  accepted_VBN  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  grudgingly_RR  tolerated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1830s_MC2  and_CC  1840s_MC2  these_DD2    accepted_JJ    groups_NNS  sent_VVD  numbers_NNS  varying_VBG  from_IO  five_MC  to_IO  seventeen_MC  in_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  traders'_NN2  sons_NNS  was_VBDZ  only_RR  eleven_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  entire_JB  period_NN  of_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  such_DA  children_NNS  available_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  trader's_NN1$  son_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  very_RG  tough_JJ  time_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ostracised_VBN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  severely_RR  bullied_VBN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  overwhelming_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  both_DB2  from_IO  outside_IO  and_CC  inside_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  enough_DD  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  locally_RR  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  generally_RR  from_IO  risking_VBG  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  provision_NN  for_IO  middle_JB  class_NN  education_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  before_IO  1840_MC  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  special_JJ  group_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  class_NN  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  main_JB  mass_NN  went_VVD  elsewhere_RR    a_DA  few_DA  walked_VVD  to_IO  Barnwell_NP  and_CC  Sheasby's_PPIO2  School_NNL1  at_IO  Bilton_NP  ,_,  while_CS  others_DA2  went_VVD  as_IO  boarders_NNS  to_IO  neighbouring_VBG  towns_NNS  ,_,  Daventry_NP  ,_,  Hinckley_NP  ,_,  Husbands_NP  Bosworth_NP  ,_,  Atherstone_NP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  expensive_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  middle_JB  class_NN  day_NN  academy_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  cost_NN  varied_VVD  from_IO  *+6_NNU  to_IO  *+10_NNU  \0p.a_NNU  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  extras_NNS  .  
  over_IO  Rugby_NP  School_NNL1  the_AT1  traders_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  a_AT1  dilemma_NN  for_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  trade_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  headmasters_NNS  actively_RR  discouraged_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  .  
  the_AT1  declaration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  out_RP  of_IO  bounds_NNS  could_VM  bring_VV0  ruin_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  precedence_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  traders_NNS  were_VBDR  torn_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  directions_NNS  .  
  economy_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  rights_NNS  as_IO  townfolk_NNS  and_CC  parents_NNS  urged_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  while_CS  economic_JJ  survival_NN  forbade_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  braved_VVD  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  and_CC  sent_VVD  sons_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  cases_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  Sale_NP  and_CC  Edmunds_NP  families_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  tradition_NN  of_IO  usage_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  school_NN  prospered_VVD  the_AT1  traders_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  sharing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  prosperity_NN  even_CS  if_CS  denied_VBN  their_APP$  birthright_NN  ,_,  yet_RR  ,_,  when_CS adversity_NN  came_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  headmastership_NN  of_IO  Goulburn_NP  from_IO  1850_MC  to_IO  1857_MC  they_PPHS2  lost_VVD  both_DB2  ways_NNS  :_:  *"_*'  .  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  avail_VV0  themselves_PPX2  of_IO  the_AT1  privilege_NN  (_(  of_IO  educating_VBG  their_APP$  sons_NNS  at_IO  Rugby_NP  School_NNL1  )_)  is_VBZ  their_APP$  general_JJ  apathy_NN  ,_,  supineness_NN  and_CC  dread_NN  of_IO  losing_VBG  the_AT1  patronage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  masters_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS derive_VV0  their_APP$  income_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  charity_NN  .  **"_**'  
  even_RR  so_RR  four_MC  traders_NNS  took_VVD  courage_NN  and_CC  submitted_VVD  sons_NNS  (_(  1855_MC  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  the_AT1  number_NN  was_VBDZ  down_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  reduced_VBN  again_RR  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  headmaster_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  situation_NN  changed_VVD  dramatically_RR  .  
  within_IO  months_NNS  the_AT1  prosperity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  was_VBDZ  restored_VBN  and_CC  for_IO  two_MC  successive_JJ  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  sent_VVD  sons_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  in_IO  increasing_VBG  numbers_NNS    five_MC  traders_NNS  being_VBG  involved_VBN  in_IO  1858_MC  and_CC  twelve_MC  in_IO  1859_MC  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  middle_JB  class_NN  initiative_NN  declined_VVD  rapidly_RR  never_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  renewed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  defiance_NN  of_IO  tradition_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  traders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  episode_NN  is_VBZ  linked_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  headmaster_NN  ,_,  Frederick_NP  Temple_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  knowledgable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  sense_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  classes_NNS  generally_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  workhouse_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  through_IO  his_APP$  principalship_NN  at_IO  Kneller_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  a_AT1  college_NN  designed_VBN  to_TO  produce_VV0  teachers_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  workhouses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  sympathies_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  wide_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  geared_VBN  specifically_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  classes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  view_NN  was_VBDZ  strengthened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  written_VBN  only_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  before_II  a_AT1  paper_NN  on_IO  national_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  through_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  champions_NNS  of_IO  middle_JB  class_NN  education_NN  .  
  his_APP$  scheme_NN  had_VHD  involved_VBN  a_AT1  reassessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  704_MC  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  great_JJ  public_JJ  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  justified_VBN  in_IO  clinging_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  classics_NNS  ,_,  elsewhere_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  traders_NNS  of_IO  Rugby_NP  his_APP$  words_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  sounded_VBN  almost_RR  prophetic_JJ  :_:  *"_*'  
  they_PPHS2  (_(  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  intended_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  community_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  specially_RR  for_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  .  yet_RR  the_AT1  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  assuredly_RR  not_XX  intended_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  gentry_NN  alone_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  looked_VVD  to_IO  poverty_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  qualification_NN  for_IO  admission_NN  .  
  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  were_VBDR  thus_RR  marked_VBN  out_RP  as_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  objects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  goodwill_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  founders_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  or_CC  again_RR  *"_*'  .  
  these_DD2  schools_NNS  (_(  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  meant_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  :_:  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  meant_VBN  to_TO  teach_VV0  Greek_NN1  and_CC  Latin_NN1  .  
  one_MC1  must_VM  be_VB0  sacrificed_VBN    either_LE  the_AT1  persons_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  things_NNS  .  
  can_VM  there_EX  be_VB0  a_AT1  doubt_NN  which_WDTI  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  sacrificed_VBN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  trend_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  writing_NN  emphasised_VVD  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  own_DA  school_NN  ,_,  Rugby_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  fulfilling_VBG  its_APP$  real_JJ  object_NN  .  
  Temple_NP  was_VBDZ  embarrassed_JJ  and_CC  could_VM  hardly_RR  object_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  locals_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  vigour_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessors_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  that_CS  traders'_NN2  children_NNS  poured_VVD  in_RP  during_IO  1858_MC  and_CC  1859_MC  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  experiment_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  successful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  Temple_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  really_RR  welcome_VV0  his_APP$  new_JJ  clients_NNS  any_RG  more_DA  than_CS  the_AT1  others_DA2  had_VHD  done_VBN  .  
  any_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  mixing_VBG  the_AT1  social_JJ  classes_NNS  appalled_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  situation_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  to_TO  warn_VV0  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  of_IO  Rugby_NP  most_RG  forcibly_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  ruin_VV0  any_DD  middle_JB  class_NN  school_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  if_CS  they_PPHS2  allowed_VVD  entry_NN  to_IO  lower_JJ  class_NN  children_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  headmaster_NN  and_CC  school_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  conscience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  the_AT1  assistant_NN  masters_NNS  formed_VVD  a_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  to_TO  consider_VV0  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  educationally_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  second_MD  phase_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  resistance_NN  faded_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  continued_VVD  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  pamphlet_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  records_NNS  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  locality_NN  was_VBDZ  relatively_RR  quiet_JJ  up_RP  to_IO  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  clamour_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  setting_NN  up_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  schools_NNS  commission_NN  .  
  eventually_RR  ,_,  in_IO  1864_MC  ,_,  when_CS this_DD1  commission_NN  published_VVD  its_APP$  findings_NNS  it_PPH1  advised_VVD  that_CS  any_DD  wishes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  founder_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  since_CS  the_AT1  modern_JJ  town_NN  bore_VVD  no_AT1  resemblance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Elizabethan_JJ  counterpart_NN  and_CC  since_CS  Rugby_NP  School_NNL1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  long_JJ  standing_JJ  specialised_JJ  boarding_NN  school_NN  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  altered_VBN  .  
  their_APP$  recommendation_NN  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  :_:  *"_*'  
  that_CS  the_AT1  local_JJ  qualification_NN  should_VM  ,_,  in_IO  course_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  cease_VV0  to_TO  confer_VV0  any_DD  advantage_NN  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  the_AT1  argument_NN  was_VBDZ  sound_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  when_CS Lawrence_NP  Sheriff_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  founder_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  his_APP$  will_NN  in_IO  1567_MC  ,_,  Rugby_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mere_JB  village_NN  of_IO  350_MC  people_NNS  ;_;  by_IO  1800_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  1,500_MC  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  penetrate_VV0  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  centuries_NNS  of_IO  time_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  recognised_VBN  nothing_PN1  ,_,  for_CS  not_XX  only_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  town_NN  grown_VBN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  changed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  link_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  tavern_NN      the_AT1  hen_NN  and_CC  chickens_NNS    .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  found_VBN  the_AT1  people_NNS  equally_RR  strange_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  name_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  habits_NNS  ,_,  dress_NN  and_CC  manners_NNS  .  
  only_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  moved_VBN  right_RR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  town_NN  would_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  something_PN1  familiar_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  lie_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Avon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  tiny_JJ  hamlet_NN  of_IO  Brownsover_NP  .  
  the_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  1800_MC  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  bore_VVD  no_AT1  relation_NN  whatever_DDQ  to_IO  the_AT1  Rugby_NP  of_IO  Lawrence_NP  Sheriff_NP  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  whole_JJ  story_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  step_NN  from_IO  showing_VBG  the_AT1  weakness_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  argument_NN  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  claim_NN  is_VBZ  void_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  a_AT1  decision_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  situation_NN  where_CS indeed_RR  the_AT1  argument_NN  was_VBDZ  considerably_RR  weaker_JJ  still_RR  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  itself_PPX1  the_AT1  report_NN  produced_VVD  a_AT1  sensation_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  real_JJ  cause_NN  for_IO  complaint_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  had_VHD  not_XX  asked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  opinions_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  townsfolk_NNS  proper_JJ  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  report_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  one-sided_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  had_VHD  produced_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  bulky_JJ  document_NN  in_IO  four_MC  volumes_NNS  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  hardly_RR  neutral_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  members_NNS  ,_,  four_MC  were_VBDR  in_IO  titled_JJ  aristocratic_JJ  families_NNS  ,_,  four_MC  were_VBDR  at_IO  Eton_NP  or_CC  had_VHD  close_JJ  relatives_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  went_VVD  to_IO  Westminster_NP  and_CC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  governor_NN  of_IO  Charterhouse_NP  ,_,  while_CS  another_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  Rugbeian_NN1  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  thus_RR  be_VB0  classified_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Thompson_NP  ,_,  Regius_NP  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  Greek_NN1  and_CC  future_JB  Master_NNSB1  of_IO  Trinity_NP  ,_,  already_RR  deeply_RR  concerned_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  reform_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  college_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  .  
  the_AT1  report_NN  produced_VVD  a_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  co-operative_JJ  phase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town's_NN1$  fight_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  rights_NNS  .  
  previously_RR  objection_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  either_LE  from_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  (_(  Wratislaw_NP  )_)  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  trader_NN  group_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  spurred_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  such_DA  men_NNS  as_IO  \0E_NP  Edmunds_NP  ,_,  \0T_NP  \0W_NP  Tipler_NP  and_CC  \0J_NP  Haswell_NP  .  
  hitherto_RR  the_AT1  local_JJ  gentry_NN  and_CC  professional_JJ  classes_NNS  had_VHD  held_VBN  aloof_RR  for_CS  the_AT1  school_NN  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  their_APP$  sons_NNS  readily_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  the_AT1  ban_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  apply_VV0  to_IO  everyone_PN1  ,_,  gentry_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  trader_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  town_NN  would_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  attract_VV0  rich_JJ  residents_NNS  merely_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  and_CC  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  economics_NN  the_AT1  town_NN  was_VBDZ  threatened_VBN  with_IO  starvation_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  react_VV0  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  headmaster_NN  ,_,  Temple_NP  ,_,  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  that_CS  *+600_NNU  \0p.a_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  charity_NN  be_VB0  spent_VBN  in_IO  providing_VBG  a_AT1  separate_JJ  school_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  classes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  fifty_MC  local_JJ  boys_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  there_RL  free_JJ  and_CC  seven_MC  boys_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  would_VM  pass_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  into_IO  Rugby_NP  School_NNL1  proper_JJ  .  
  this_DD1    lower_JJ    school_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  sound_JJ  commercial_JJ  education_NN  of_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  writing_NN  ,_,  mathematics_NN  ,_,  French_NN1  ,_,  Latin_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  Greek_NN1  .  
  unfortunately_RR  Temple_NP  had_VHD  chosen_VBN  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  moment_NN  and_CC  everyone_PN1  condemned_VVD  the_AT1  scheme_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  offered_JJ  *+600_NNU  did_VDD  not_XX  begin_VV0  to_TO  compare_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Sheriff_NP  income_NN  of_IO  *+5,000_NNU  ,_,  while_CS  a_AT1  cash_NN  settlement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  suggested_VBN  appeared_VVD  to_IO  some_DD  almost_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bribe_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  surrender_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town's_NN1$  rights_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  schools_NNS  commission_NN  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  schools_NNS  bill_NN  .  
  under_IO  this_DD1  free_JJ  education_NN  at_IO  Rugby_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  cease_VV0  although_CS  the_AT1  governing_JJ  body_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  use_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  school_NN  .  
  this_DD1  official_JJ  proposal_NN  met_VVD  with_IO  even_RR  more_DA  resistance_NN  than_IO  Temple's_NP  original_JJ  plan_NN  .  
  all_DB  classes_NNS  except_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  joined_VVD  together_RR  .  
  a_AT1  public_JJ  meeting_NN  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  for_IO  22nd_MD  March_NN1  1865_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  committee_NN  formed_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  brother_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  manor_NN  ,_,  other_DA  gentry_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  banker_NN  ,_,  professional_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  traders_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  solicitors_NNS  acting_VBG  as_IO  secretaries_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  backing_NN  of_IO  *+652_NNU  to_TO  cover_VV0  expenses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  campaign_NN  was_VBDZ  off_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  start_NN  but_CCB  when_CS a_AT1  petition_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  to_TO  sign_VV0  ,_,  only_RR  200_MC  in_IO  fact_NN  did_VDD  so_PN1  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  8,000_MC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  small_JJ  number_NN  and_CC  represents_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  third_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gentry_NN  and_CC  middle_JB  class_NN  adults_NNS  alone_RR  .  
  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gentry_NN  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  trading_JJ  classes_NNS  held_VVD  aloof_RR  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  classes_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  mere_JB  spectators_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  small_JJ  response_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  apathy_NN  for_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  traders_NNS  were_VBDR  frightened_JJ  of_IO  Temple's_NP  displeasure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gentry_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  specially_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  sons_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  prime_JB  and_CC  indeed_RR  only_DA  consideration_NN  .  
  Ayrshire's_PPIO2  little_JJ  castle_NN  .  
  by_IO  Victoria_NP  Gaul_NP  .  *"_*'  
  when_CS the_AT1  last_DA  leaf_NN  draps_VBZ  fae_IO  the_AT1  auld_JJ  aish_NN  tree_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Boyds_NP2  o'_IO  Penkill_NP  maun_VM  cease_VV0  tae_IO  be_VB0  .  **"_**'  
  so_RR  runs_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  rhyme_NN  which_DDQ  came_VVD  sadly_RR  true_JJ  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  1897_MC  ,_,  there_EX  died_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Alice_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  15th_MD  Laird_NNSB1  of_IO  Penkill_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Boyds_NP2  .  
  her_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  Spencer_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  14th_MD  Laird_NNSB1  ,_,  last_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  and_CC  descendant_NN  of_IO  James_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  second_MD  son_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Boyd_NP  of_IO  Penkill_NP  and_CC  Trochrig_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  died_VBN  in_IO  1867_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  Penkill_NP  to_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  with_IO  instructions_NNS  that_CS  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  died_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  second_MD  marriage_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Courtney_NP  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  in_IO  1897_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  grand-daughter_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  ,_,  Eleanor_NP  Margaret_NP  Courtney_NP  ,_,  became_VVD  owner_NN  of_IO  Penkill_NP  and_CC  assumed_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN    Courtney-Boyd_NP  ,_,    which_DDQ  name_NN  the_AT1  present_JJ  owner_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  half-sister_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Evelyn_NP  May_NP  Courtney_NP  ,_,  also_RR  assumed_VVD  on_IO  succeeding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  in_IO  1946_MC  .  
  Penkill_NP  Castle_NNL1  sits_VBZ  ,_,  perched_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  hill_NN  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Girvan_NP  ,_,  so_RR  hidden_VBN  by_IO  trees_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  invisible_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  by_IO  Adam_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  grandson_NN  of_IO  Robert_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  of_IO  Kilmarnock_NP  ,_,  around_RR  1450_MC  ,_,  on_IO  land_NN  granted_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  Alexander_NP  3_MC  for_IO  assisting_VBG  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  Largs_NP  .  
  Penkill_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tall_JJ  keep_NN  with_IO  corner_NN  turrets_NNS  pierced_VBN  with_IO  loop-holes_NNS  for_IO  defence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  living-room_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  basement_NN  where_CS the_AT1  cattle_NNS  were_VBDR  housed_VBN  was_VBDZ  paved_VBN  in_IO  red_JJ  and_CC  yellow_JJ  tiles_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  ,_,  above_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Lady's_NNSB2  Bower_NP  .  
  deep_JJ  glens_NNS  made_VVD  a_AT1  natural_JJ  moat_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  drawbridge_NN  and_CC  portcullis_NN  (_(  found_VBN  years_NNS  later_RRR  lying_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  blacksmith's_NN1$  yard_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  castle_NN  fell_VVD  into_IO  disrepair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  1628_MC  ,_,  Thomas_NP  Boyd_NP  brought_VVD  his_APP$  young_JJ  love_NN  ,_,  Marion_NP  Mure_NP  of_IO  Rowallan_NP  ,_,  to_TO  view_VV0  his_APP$  heritage_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  sorry_JJ  state_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  imagine_VV0  Marion_NP  ,_,  fired_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  ancient_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  crying_VBG  ,_,  
    Thomas_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  maun_VM  bide_VV0  in_IO  Penkill_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  bonnie_JJ  hame_NN  .    
  and_CC  together_RR  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  .  
  with_IO  Marion's_PPIO2  dowry_NN  ,_,  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  repaired_VBN  ,_,  rooms_NNS  added_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  stair_NN  built_VBN  .  
  above_IO  its_APP$  doorway_NN  was_VBDZ  inserted_VBN  a_AT1  plaque_NN  uniting_VBG  the_AT1  heraldry_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  families_NNS  .  
  oak_VV0  chairs_NNS  (_(  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  today_NN1  )_)  were_VBDR  carved_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  initials_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  date_NN  ,_,  1628_MC  .  
  though_CS  Penkill_NP  descended_VVD  from_IO  father_NN  to_IO  son_NN  till_IO  1750_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  neglected_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  1827_MC  ,_,  Spencer_NP  Boyd_NP  inherited_VVD  Penkill_NP  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  deserted_JJ  ruin_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  maternal_JJ  English_JJ  grandfather_NN  ,_,  William_NP  Losh_NP  ,_,  proud_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  grandson's_NN1$  Scottish_JJ  heritage_NN  ,_,  provided_VVD  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  money_NN  to_TO  restore_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  sister_NN  ,_,  Spencer_NP  Boyd_NP  made_VVD  it_PPH1  their_APP$  home_NN1  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  1800's_MC2  rose_VVD  the_AT1  Penkill_NP  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  .  
  probably_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Victorian_JJ  taste_NN  for_IO  heavy_JJ  architecture_NN  ,_,  Spencer_NP  caused_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  built_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  tower_NN  to_TO  enclose_VV0  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  circular_JJ  staircase_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ruined_JJ  staircase_NN  and_CC  doorway_NN  were_VBDR  swept_VBN  away_RP  and_CC  passages_NNS  and_CC  ante-rooms_NNS  joined_VVD  the_AT1  staircase_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  keep_NN  .  
  oak_VV0  trees_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  were_VBDR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  renovations_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  Alice_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  woman_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  ,_,  artistic_JJ  perception_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  deep_JJ  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  keep_NN  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  stone_NN  seats_NNS  ,_,  glazed_VBN  with_IO  clear_JJ  glass_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  views_NNS  from_IO  each_DD1  appear_VV0  like_IO  framed_JJ  pictures_NNS  .  
  when_CS their_APP$  mother_NN  died_VVD  ,_,  Alice_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  wishing_VBG  to_TO  further_VV0  her_APP$  interest_NN  in_IO  painting_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  Newcastle_NP  School_NNL1  of_IO  art_NN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  met_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  ,_,  William_NP  Bell_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  painter_NN  and_CC  poet_NN  .  
  thus_RR  began_VVD  a_AT1  close_JJ  friendship_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  families_NNS  divided_VVD  their_APP$  time_NN  between_IO  Penkill_NP  and_CC  London_NP  ,_,  where_CS Scott_NP  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  decorative_JJ  artist_NN  at_IO  South_NP  Kensington_NP  .  
  during_IO  their_APP$  stay_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  families_NNS  met_VVD  many_DA  famous_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  Holman_NP  Hunt_NP  ,_,  Swinburne_NP  ,_,  Tennyson_NP  ,_,  William_NP  Morris_NP  and_CC  Dante_NP  and_CC  Christina_NP  Rossetti_NP  .  
  Spencer_NP  Boyd_NP  died_VVD  in_IO  1867_MC  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  buried_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  wild_JJ  day_NN  of_IO  snow_NN  in_IO  Old_NP  Dailly_NP  churchyard_NN  .  
  after_IO  her_APP$  brother's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  Alice_NP  Boyd_NP  commissioned_VVD  Scott_NP  to_TO  paint_VV0  a_AT1  mural_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  circular_JJ  staircase_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  chose_VVD  to_TO  illustrate_VV0    the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  Quair_NP  ,_,    executing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  oil_NN  pigments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  medium_NN  being_VBG  wax_NN  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  turpentine_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  painting_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  took_VVD  four_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  complete_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ruined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  lime_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thick_JJ  walls_NNS  having_VHG  not_XX  yet_RR  dried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Scott_NP  repainted_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  zinc_NN  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  later_RRR  in_IO  his_APP$  autobiography_NN  ,_,      most_RG  probably_RR  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  will_VM  now_RL  remain_VV0  without_IO  change_NN  ,_,    part_NN  has_VHZ  again_RR  corroded_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  enough_DD  remains_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  brilliance_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  and_CC  design_NN  .  
  in_IO  1868_MC  ,_,  Dante_NP  Gabriel_NP  Rossetti_NP  ,_,  in_IO  despair_NN  because_IO  of_II  failing_JJ  eyesight_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  invited_VBN  to_IO  Penkill_NP  .  
  here_RL  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  tranquillity_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  worn_JJ  battlements_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  rolling_JJ  meadows_NNS  and_CC  deep_JJ  glens_NNS  .  
  Christina_NP  Rossetti_NP  came_VVD  also_RR  to_IO  Penkill_NP  ,_,  and_CC  wrote_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  her_APP$  poems_NNS  in_IO    windy_JJ  room_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  bedroom_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  keep_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  described_VVD  Alice_NP  Boyd_NP  as_IO    perhaps_RR  the_AT1  prettiest_JJT  ,_,  handsomest_JJT  woman_NN  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  met_VVD  .    
  Penkill_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  pretentious_JJ  castle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  well-loved_JJ  ,_,  comfortable_JJ  home_NN1  ever_RR  open_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS love_VV0  the_AT1  countryside_NN  .  
  with_IO  no_AT1  rich_JJ  furnishings_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  yet_RR  retains_VBZ  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  priceless_JJ  tapestries_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  harmony_NN  befitting_VBG  its_APP$  ancient_JJ  grey_JJ  stone_NN  .  
  the_AT1  deep_JJ  windows_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  low-roofed_JJ  library_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  grey_JJ  velvet_NN  settee_NN  drawn_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  ,_,  look_VV0  towards_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  glowing_JJ  colours_NNS  of_IO  orange_NN  ,_,  red_NN  ,_,  and_CC  blue_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  carpets_NNS  ,_,  seeming_VBG  to_TO  vie_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  hues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sunset_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  burns_VBZ  over_IO  Ailsa_NP  and_CC  Kintyre_NP  .  
  above_II  is_VBZ  the_AT1  square_JJ  drawing-room_NN  ,_,  with_IO  rose_JJ  carpet_NN  and_CC  wine_NN  curtains_NNS  contrasting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  deep_RR  blue_JJ  panelled_JJ  roof_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Flemish_JJ  tapestries_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  make_VV0  a_AT1  fitting_JJ  background_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  gilt_JJ  furniture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  roof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Laird's_NNSB2  bedroom_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  1628_MC  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  painted_VBN  by_IO  Alice_NP  Boyd_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  ,_,  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  William_NP  Morris_NP  ,_,  appears_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  dark_JJ  oak_NN  furniture_NN  was_VBDZ  carved_VBN  by_IO  Spencer_NP  Boyd_NP  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  which_DDQ  dominates_VBZ  Penkill_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  long_JJ  addition_NN  which_DDQ  William_NP  Bell_NP  Scott_NP  designed_VVD  in_IO  1883_MC  as_IO  a_AT1  gallery_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  paintings_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  Dante_NP  Gabriel_NP  Rossetti_NP  .  
  now_RL  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  dining-room_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  approached_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  passage_NN  hung_VBN  with_IO  William_NP  Morris_NP  tapestries_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  many_DA  fine_JJ  paintings_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  by_IO  Rossetti_NP  ,_,  David_NP  Scott_NP  (_(  whose_PNQV$  fine_JJ  portrait_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  William_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  Gallery_NNL1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  William_NP  Bell_NP  Scott_NP  .  
  the_AT1  latter's_$    Una_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  lion_NN    hangs_VBZ  here_RL  .  
  this_DD1  room_NN  ,_,  panelled_VBN  in_IO  pitch_NN  pine_NN  ,_,  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  Chippendale_NP  chairs_NNS  and_CC  gate-legged_JJ  table_NN  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  grandfather_NN  Losh_NP  who_PNQS helped_VVD  to_TO  redeem_VV0  Penkill_NP  .  
  MacDougall_NP  chief_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  robber_NN  .  
  by_IO  Seton_NP  Gordon_NP  .  
  John_NP  MacDougall_NP  of_IO  MacDougall_NP  ,_,  chief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clan_NN  ,_,  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  18th_MD  century_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  usually_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  Iain_NP  Ciar_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  translated_VBN  in_IO  English_NN1  as_IO  dark-complexioned_JJ  John_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  leading_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  Jacobite_JJ  rising_NN  in_IO  1715_MC  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  suppression_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  rising_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  outlaw_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  .  
  during_IO  his_APP$  wanderings_NNS  in_IO  disguise_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  sea_NN  to_IO  Ireland_NP  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  visit_VV0  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Antrim_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  kinsman_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  forest_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  advised_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  to_TO  continue_VV0  his_APP$  journey_NN  through_IO  open_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  noted_JJ  robber_NN  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  waylaid_VVD  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS should_VM  pass_VV0  that_DD1  way_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  Iain_NP  Ciar_NP  that_CS  ,_,  so_RG  great_JJ  a_AT1  menace_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  robber_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Antrim_NP  had_VHD  offered_VBN  a_AT1  reward_NN  of_IO  *+1000_NNU  to_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS should_VM  slay_VV0  him_PPHO1  and_CC  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  the_AT1  MacDougall_NP  chief_NN  ,_,  penniless_JJ  and_CC  anxious_JJ  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  to_IO  France_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  reach_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  enemies_NNS  ,_,  thought_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  missed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  trusty_JJ  companion_NN  ,_,  Livingstone_NP  by_IO  name_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  entered_VVD  the_AT1  forest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  they_PPHS2  followed_VVD  a_AT1  faint_JJ  and_CC  devious_JJ  track_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  undergrowth_NN  and_CC  beneath_IO  old_JJ  and_CC  gnarled_JJ  trees_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  long_RR  before_CS  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  the_AT1  famous_JJ  robber_NN  standing_VBG  before_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  from_IO  Iain_NP  Ciar_NP  his_APP$  money_NN  or_CC  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  highland_NN  chief_NN  was_VBDZ  without_IO  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  proverbial_JJ  sixpence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  the_AT1  robber_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  telling_VBG  the_AT1  highwayman_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  part_VV0  with_IO  neither_LE  ,_,  he_PPHO1  challenged_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  mortal_JJ  combat_NN  .  
  both_DB2  men_NNS  were_VBDR  expert_JJ  swordsmen_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  fight_NN  was_VBDZ  long_RR  and_CC  hard_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  victory_NN  was_VBDZ  at_RR  last_RR  gained_VBN  by_IO  Iain_NP  Ciar_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS carried_VVD  the_AT1  robber's_NN1$  head_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Antrim_NP  ,_,  and_CC  received_VVD  from_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  *+1000_NNU  reward_NN  .  
  the_AT1  robber's_NN1$  whistle_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  heirlooms_NNS  at_IO  Dunollie_NP  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  Oban_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ancestral_JJ  seat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chiefs_NNSB2  of_IO  MacDougall_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  family_NN  still_RR  reside_VV0  below_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  stronghold_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  rock_NN  looking_VBG  out_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Mull_NP  .  
  beneath_IO  the_AT1  ivy-grown_JJ  castle_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  and_CC  weather-beaten_JJ  Scots_JJ  fir_NN  .  
  this_DD1  tree_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  upwards_RR  of_IO  150_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  planted_VBN  to_TO  commemorate_VV0  Captain_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  MacDougall_NP  of_IO  MacDougall_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  72nd_MD  regiment_NN  (_(  later_RRR  the_AT1  Seaforth_NP  Highlanders_NP2  )_)  ,_,  eldest_JJT  son_NN  of_IO  Patrick_NP  MacDougall_NP  ,_,  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  clan_NN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  27_MC  ,_,  at_IO  Cuidad_NP  Rodrigo_NP  in_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1812_MC  .  
  his_APP$  miniature_NN  ,_,  by_IO  William_NP  Englehart_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  preserved_VBN  at_IO  Dunollie_NP  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Captain_NNSB1  MacDougall_NP  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  to_IO  pipers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  day_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  celebrated_JJ  composition_NN  in_IO  Ceo*?3l_NP  Mo*?2r_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  great_JJ  music_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highland_NN  bagpipe_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  honour_NN  by_IO  almost_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  hereditary_JJ  MacDougall_NP  pipers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  chiefs_NNS  ,_,  Ronald_NP  MacDougall_NP  .  
  the_AT1  hereditary_JJ  MacDougall_NP  pipers_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  not_XX  so_RG  famous_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  MacCrimmons_NP2  of_IO  Skye_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  players_NNS  and_CC  composers_NNS  of_IO  distinction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tune_NN  ,_,    lament_NN  for_IO  Captain_NNSB1  MacDougall_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  delicacy_NN  and_CC  feeling_NN  .  
  these_DD2  pipers_NNS  lived_VVD  at_IO  Moleigh_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Oban_NP  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  portion_NN  of_IO  land_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO  Croit_NP  nam_&FW  Piobairean_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  piper's_NN1$  croft_NN  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  MacCrimmons_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  MacDougalls_NP2  had_VHD  their_APP$  College_NNL1  of_IO  piping_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  who_PNQS presided_VVD  at_IO  this_DD1  college_NN  being_VBG  Ronald_NP  Ba*?3n_NP  MacDougall_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  grandfather_NN  of_IO  Ronald_NP  Mo*?2r_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  hereditary_JJ  piper_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  clan_NN  .  
    the_AT1  duke_NN    .  
  by_IO  Hubert_NP  Fenwick_NP  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  James_NP  ,_,  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Albany_NP  and_CC  York_NP  ,_,  as_IO  Lord_NNSB1  High_NNSB1  Commissioner_NNSB1  at_IO  Holyroodhouse_NP  .  
  the_AT1  visit_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  majesty_NN  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  assembly_NN  last_DA  October_NN1  was_VBDZ  unique_JJ  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  occasion_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  quatercentenary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  reformation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  besides_IO  this_DD1  her_APP$  majesty_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  very_RG  first_MD  sovereign_JJ  lady_NN  to_TO  honour_VV0  the_AT1    Fathers_NNSB2  and_CC  brethren_NNS    with_IO  her_APP$  presence_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  circumstance_NN  not_XX  lacking_JJ  in_IO  significance_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS one_MC1  recalls_VBZ  John_NP  Knox's_PPIO2  well_RR  kent_JJ  fulminations_NNS  against_IO  women_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  female_JJ  rulers_NNS  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  reigning_JJ  monarch_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  assembly_NN  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  James_NP  6_MC  ,_,  before_CS  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO    Great_NP  Brittany_NP  ,_,    and_CC  before_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  authorised_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bible_NP  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  discipline_VV0  the_AT1  members_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  praise_VV0  or_CC  encourage_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  who_PNQS instituted_VVD  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  High_NNSB1  Commissioner_NNSB1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  crown_NN  could_VM  keep_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  eye_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  ever_RR  since_IO  Jacobean_JJ  times_NNS  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  represented_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  royally_RR  appointed_VBN  representative_NN  .  
  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  High_NNSB1  Commissioner_NNSB1  is_VBZ  now_RL  more_RG  ornamental_JJ  than_CS  functional_JJ  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  holder_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1    spy_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  pay_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  itself_PPX1  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  beyond_IO  all_DB  recognition_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  completely_RR  above_IO  politics_NN  or_CC  religious_JJ  faction_NN  .  
  curiously_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  purely_RR  Scottish_JJ  bill_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  parliament_NN  proposed_VVD  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  allowance_NN  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  representative_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  assembly_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  drew_VVD  unexpected_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  altered_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  role_NN  ,_,  showing_VBG  how_CS it_PPH1  too_RR  had_VHD  lost_VBN  its_APP$  controversial_JJ  flavour_NN  .  
  many_DA  Commissioners_NNSB2  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  aristocracy_NN  and_CC  professional_JJ  classes_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  have_VH0  been_VBN  personally_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kirk_NN  ,_,  while_CS  one_MC1  ,_,  James_NP  ,_,  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Albany_NP  and_CC  York_NP  ,_,  brother_NN  of_IO  Charles_NP  2_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  convert_NN  to_IO  Roman_JJ  Catholicism_NN1  .  
  unlike_IO  the_AT1    merry_JJ  monarch_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  future_JB  James_NP  7_MC  and_CC  2_MC  stubbornly_RR  refused_VBN  to_TO  subscribe_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1    test_NN  act_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  required_VVD  all_DB  holders_NNS  of_IO  office_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  to_TO  declare_VV0  themselves_PPX2  protestants_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  excluded_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  navy_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  banished_VBN  ,_,  first_RR  to_IO  Holland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  1679_MC  ,_,  to_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  law_NN  was_VBDZ  less_RG  rigorous_JJ  .  
  El_NP  Cid_NP  .  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  legend_NN  .  
  by_IO  Henry_NP  Austin_NP  .  *"_*'  
  the_AT1  Canon_NNSB1  in_IO    Don_NNSB1  Quixote_NP    :_:  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  man_NN  as_IO  El_NP  Cid_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  much_DA  doubt_NN  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  achieved_VVD  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  attributed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  **"_**'  
  El_NP  Cid_NP    the_AT1  hero_NN  idealised_VBN  in_IO  Spain's_PPIO2  most_RG  famous_JJ  mediaeval_JJ  epic_JJ  poem_NN  ,_,  also_RR  by_IO  Corneille_NP  and_CC  Victor_NP  Hugo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  in_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  spectacular_JJ  film_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  facts_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1  man_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  inspired_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  legend_NN  .  
  Rodrigo_NP  de_&FW  Vivar_NP  ,_,  named_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  Spaniards_NP2  ,_,  El_NP  Sayyid_NP  Campeador_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  lord_NN  and_CC  champion_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  about_IO  1043_MC  and_CC  died_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  56_MC  in_IO  1099_MC  .  
  the_AT1  date_NN  and_CC  place_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  birth_NN  are_VBR  unknown_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  Asturian_JJ  nobility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Castilian_NN1  ,_,  lived_VBN  in_IO  Vivar_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  little_JJ  village_NN  which_DDQ  even_RR  today_NN1  is_VBZ  primitive_JJ  and_CC  grim_JJ  in_IO  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  Rodrigo_NP  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  midst_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strains_NNS  and_CC  tensions_NNS  that_PNQS Spain_NP  was_VBDZ  then_RL  enduring_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  barren_JJ  land_NN  ,_,  glacial_JJ  in_IO  winter_NN  and_CC  torrid_JJ  in_IO  summer_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  frontier_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  rival_JB  Christian_JJ  kingdoms_NNS  of_IO  Castile_NP  and_CC  Navarre_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  sides_NNS  allying_VBG  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  states_NNS  of_IO  Spain_NP  to_TO  gain_VV0  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  advantage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  Spaniards_NP2  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  of_IO  Europe's_PPIO2  history_NN  ,_,  regional_JJ  not_XX  national_JJ  power_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  chief_JB  motive_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  ;_;  in_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  neither_LE  secular_JJ  nor_CC  religious_JJ  unity_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  a_AT1  goal_NN  worth_IO  fighting_VBG  for_IO  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  Christian_JJ  states_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  were_VBDR  divided_VBN  ;_;  so_PN1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  states_NNS  of_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  northern_JJ  Spain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Moslems_NP2  of_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  so-called_JB  Moors_NP2  ,_,  were_VBDR  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  of_IO  Spanish_JJ  blood_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  adopted_VBN  the_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  ways_NNS  of_IO  living_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  the_AT1  faith_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Moslems_NP2  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  two_MC  names_NNS  ,_,  Moslem_JJ  and_CC  European_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  adopted_VBN  such_DA  customs_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  harem_NN  and_CC  certain_JJ  legal_JJ  procedures_NNS  .  
  Arabic_NN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  written_JJ  language_NN  of_IO  law_NN  and_CC  commerce_NN  for_IO  two_MC  centuries_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  conquest_NN  of_IO  Toledo_NP  by_IO  Alphonso_NP  6_MC  in_IO  1085_MC  .  
  peace_NN  and_CC  war_NN  .  
  Rodrigo_NP  de_&FW  Vivar_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  called_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  historian_NN    the_AT1  most_RG  colourful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  Mozarabs_NP2    ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  who_PNQS had_VHD  adopted_VBN  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  (_(  in_IO  Arabic_NN1  ,_,  mustarib_&FW  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  among_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  received_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  education_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  court_NN  of_IO  Sancho_NP  2_MC  ,_,  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Castile_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  the_AT1  Constable_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  kingdom_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  rank_NN  which_DDQ  included_VVD  command_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  legal_JJ  administration_NN  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  taste_NN  of_IO  action_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  Graus_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twenty_MC  ,_,  between_IO  Sancho_NP  ,_,  in_IO  alliance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Moors_NP2  of_IO  Saragossa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Ramiro_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Aragon_NP  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twelve_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  existence_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  gentleman_NN  ,_,  carefully_RR  looking_VBG  after_IO  his_APP$  property_NN  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  involved_VBN  in_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  battle_NN  .  
  Sancho_NP  sent_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  Seville_NP  to_TO  collect_VV0  tribute_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  king_NN  ,_,  Motamid_NP  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  Abdullah_NP  ,_,  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Granada_NP  ,_,  attacked_VVD  Seville_NP  but_CCB  without_IO  success_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  one_MC1  excitement_NN  ,_,  Rodrigo_NP  led_VVD  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  Louis_NP  Bertrand_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  history_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,    saddling_VBG  his_APP$  horse_NN  only_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  raid_VV0  his_APP$  neighbour's_NN1$  cows_NNS  and_CC  sheep_NNS  .    
  Jimena_NP  .  
  to_TO  please_VV0  Alphonso_NP  ,_,  Sancho's_PPIO2  brother_NN  and_CC  rival_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  to_TO  marry_VV0  Jimena_NP  Diaz_NP  ,_,  daughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Count_NNSB1  of_IO  Oviedo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  niece_NN  of_IO  Alphonso_NP  5_MC  ,_,  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Leon_NP  .  
  this_DD1  marriage_NN  of_IO  convenience_NN  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  an_AT1  alliance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Castilian_JJ  and_CC  Leonese_JJ  nobility_NN  .  
  later_RRR  Rodrigo_NP  helped_VVD  Sancho_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  struggle_NN  for_IO  power_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  by_IO  suggesting_VBG  a_AT1  deceitful_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  possession_NN  of_IO  Leon_NP  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  Rodrigo's_PPIO2  life_NN  began_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  late_JJ  thirties_MC2  ,_,  in_IO  1081_MC  ,_,  when_CS Alphonso_NP  6_MC  ,_,  Sancho's_PPIO2  younger_JJ  brother_NN  and_CC  successor_NN  ,_,  exiled_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  his_APP$  kingdom_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  ,_,  kept_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tribute_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  collected_VBN  from_IO  Motamid_NP  of_IO  Seville_NP  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dismissed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  and_CC  banished_VBN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  three_MC  hundred_MC  free_JJ  lances_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rode_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  Vivar_NP  ,_,  leaving_VBG  Jimena_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  begin_VV0  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  mercenary_JJ  combat_NN  ,_,  living_VBG  by_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  commandeer_VV0  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  subsequent_JJ  conduct_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  both_DB2  cruelty_NN  and_CC  kindness_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  as_RG  much_RR  Moslem_JJ  as_IO  Christian_JJ    (_(  Philip_NP  Hitti_NP  ,_,  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Arabs_NP2  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  first_RR  offered_VVD  his_APP$  services_NNS  to_IO  Berenguer_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  Count_NNSB1  of_IO  Barcelona_NP  .  
  the_AT1  count_NN  rejected_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  travelled_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  Saragossa_NP  ,_,  where_CS Moktadir_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  king_NN  now_RL  ruled_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  his_APP$  offer_NN  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  .  
  as_CS  Moktadir_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  alliance_NN  with_IO  Alphonso_NP  of_IO  Castile_NP  ,_,  Rodrigo_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  making_VBG  any_DD  dramatic_JJ  or_CC  even_RR  unusual_JJ  departure_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  such_DA  hard_JJ  and_CC  fast_JJ  divisions_NNS  of_IO  humanity_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  come_VV0  later_RRR  .  
  at_IO  Saragossa_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  Roman_JJ  town_NN  of_IO  Caesarea_NP  Augustus_NP  ,_,  Rodrigo_NP  served_VVD  his_APP$  new_JJ  master_NN  well_RR  .  
  fighting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  against_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Navarre_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  won_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  Moslem_JJ  soldiers_NNS  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  El_NP  Cid_NP  Campeador_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  extended_VVD  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  dominions_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  states_NNS  of_IO  Aragon_NP  and_CC  Barcelona_NP  ,_,  and_CC  led_VVD  raids_NNS  into_IO  his_APP$  former_DA  province_NN  of_IO  Castile_NP  .  
  Moktadir_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Saragossa_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  cultured_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  poets_NNS  ,_,  philosophers_NNS  and_CC  tutors_NNS  .  
  Rodrigo_NP  made_VVD  this_DD1  court_NN  his_APP$  home_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  base_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  of_IO  freebooting_NN  .  
  Saragossa_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  Islamised_JJ  city_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  minarets_NNS  and_CC  mosques_NNS  ,_,  fountains_NNS  and_CC  entertainment_NN  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  place_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  .  
  Rodrigo_NP  lived_VVD  here_RL  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  until_CS  he_PPHO1  established_VVD  himself_PPX1  as_IO  sole_JB  ruler_NN  of_IO  Valencia_NP  in_IO  1094_MC  .  
  Valencia_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  Louis_NP  Bertrand_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  great_JJ  love_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cid_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  Jimena_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Valencia_NP    .  
  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  army_NN  of_IO  seven_MC  thousand_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  Moslem_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  besieged_VVD  this_DD1  Moslem_JJ  city_NN  for_IO  nine_MC  months_NNS  and_CC  finally_RR  defeated_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  agreed_VBN  to_IO  before_IO  the_AT1  surrender_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  violated_VVD  ;_;  the_AT1  Cadi_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  opposite_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  burnt_VVD  alive_JJ  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  occupation_NN  of_IO  Valencia_NP  ,_,  Rodrigo_NP  had_VHD  shown_VBN  inexcusable_JJ  cruelty_NN  by_IO  throwing_VBG  refugees_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  onto_IO  bivouac_NN  fires_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  chased_VVD  the_AT1  remainder_NN  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  unleashing_VBG  his_APP$  camp_NN  dogs_NNS  onto_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  having_VHG  established_VBN  himself_PPX1  as_IO  sole_JB  ruler_NN  of_IO  Valencia_NP  and_CC  Murcia_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  summoned_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  daughters_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  chief_JB  mosque_NN  a_AT1  cathedral_NN  and_CC  installed_VVD  an_AT1  archbishop_NN  .  
  in_IO  general_JJ  policy_NN  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  the_AT1  course_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  adopted_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  Moktamid_NP  ,_,  of_IO  peaceful_JJ  co-operation_NN  with_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  Christians_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Moslems_NP2  in_IO  his_APP$  domain_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  proudly_RR  called_VVD  himself_PPX1    Emperor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  religions_NNS    ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  withstood_VVD  any_DD  prompting_NN  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  received_VBN  of_IO  giving_VBG  himself_PPX1  the_AT1  official_JJ  title_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  Berbers_NP2  .  
  Rodrigo_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  only_RR  enjoyed_VVD  four_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  rule_NN  in_IO  Valencia_NP  .  
  in_IO  1099_MC  his_APP$  realm_NN  was_VBDZ  attacked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Berber_JJ  warriors_NNS  of_IO  north_NN1  Africa_NP  ,_,  attracted_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  Straits_NPLS  by_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  riches_NNS  of_IO  Moslem_JJ  Spain_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  Cuenca_NP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  defeated_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  fever_NN  .  
  Valencia_NP  held_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  another_DD1  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  Jimena_NP  left_VVD  the_AT1  city_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  taking_VBG  with_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  bones_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  dead_JJ  husband_NN  ,_,  to_TO  bury_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  monastery_NN  of_IO  San_NP  Pedro_NP  at_IO  Cardena_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Burgos_NP  .  
  the_AT1  legend_NN  .  
  the_AT1  anonymous_JJ  Poema_&FW  del_&FW  Cid_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  finest_JJT  and_CC  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  extant_JJ  Spanish_JJ  literary_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twelfth_MD  century_NN  .  
  this_DD1  poem_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  nearly_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  ballads_NNS  written_VBN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  extol_VV0  Rodrigo_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  brave_JJ  and_CC  chivalrous_JJ  knight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  the_AT1  inspirational_JJ  hero_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  conquest_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Poema_&FW  has_VHZ  deeply_RR  influenced_VBN  Spanish_JJ  thought_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  character_NN  .  
  El_NP  Cid_NP  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  lived_VVD  comfortably_RR  in_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  and_CC  Moslem_JJ  courts_NNS  of_IO  Spain_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  fought_VVD  the_AT1  invading_JJ  Berbers_NP2  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  then_RL  ,_,  so_PN1  did_VDD  the_AT1  Moslem_JJ  states_NNS  of_IO  Spain_NP  also_RR  .  
  some_DD  writers_NNS  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  justify_VV0  the_AT1  claims_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Poema_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  ballads_NNS  ;_;  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Louis_NP  Bertrand_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  history_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  can_VM  only_RR  say_VV0  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  great_JJ  Castilian_NN1  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  conceived_VBN  the_AT1  future_JB  unification_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  necessity_NN    .  
  the_AT1  known_JJ  facts_NNS  of_IO  Rodrigo's_PPIO2  life_NN  show_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  concerned_VBN  with_IO  truly_RR  peaceful_JJ  co-existence_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  religions_NNS  (_(  with_IO  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  raid_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  diversion_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  diplomacy_NN  )_)  than_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  total_JJ  victory_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  Peter_NP  the_AT1  great_JJ  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  by_IO  Francis_NP  Carr_NP  .  
  the_AT1  strangest_JJT  sight_NN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1698_MC  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  giant_JB  Tsar_NNSB1  of_IO  Russia_NP  ,_,  striding_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  in_IO  Norfolk_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  just_RR  off_IO  the_AT1  Strand_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  entering_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  taverns_NNS  to_TO  quaff_VV0  a_AT1  pint_NN  of_IO  ale_NN  .  
  at_IO  six_MC  foot_NN  nine_MC  inches_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  the_AT1  tallest_JJT  celebrity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  world_NN  .  
  on_IO  January_NN1  10th_MD  ,_,  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twenty-six_MC  ,_,  Peter_NP  arrived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  Amsterdam_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  escort_NN  of_IO  three_MC  British_JJ  war-ships_NNS  aboard_IO    the_AT1  royal_JJ  transport_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  fine_JJ  new_JJ  yacht_NN  which_DDQ  King_NNSB1  William_NP  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  to_TO  present_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  stories_NNS  of_IO  Peter's_PPIO2    grand_JJ  embassy_NN    had_VHD  already_RR  spread_VBN  throughout_IO  every_AT1  country_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  never_RR  before_II  had_VHD  such_DA  a_AT1  large_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  Russians_NP2  come_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  from_IO  their_APP$  native_JJ  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  before_II  had_VHD  western_JJ  Europe_NP  seen_VBN  a_AT1  Tsar_NNSB1  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  journey_NN  through_IO  Hanover_NP  Peter_NP  had_VHD  met_VBN  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  Electress_NNSB1  of_IO  Brandenburg_NP  ,_,  Princess_NNSB1  Sophia_NP  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  husband_NN  ,_,  Frederick_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  four_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  to_TO  declare_VV0  himself_PPX1  the_AT1  first_MD  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Prussia_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  mother_NN  Sophia_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Electress_NNSB1  of_IO  Hanover_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  banquet_NN  in_IO  Peter's_PPIO2  honour_NN  ;_;  being_VBG  unused_JJ  to_IO  western_JJ  manners_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  embarrassed_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  speechless_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  amused_VVD  the_AT1  company_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  questions_NNS  about_IO  his_APP$  favourite_JB  pastimes_NNS  ,_,    from_IO  my_APP$  youth_NN  up_RP  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  real_JJ  passion_NN  for_IO  navigation_NN  and_CC  fireworks_NNS    .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  banquet_NN  he_PPHO1  played_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  drum_NN  .  
  in_IO  Holland_NP  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  incognito_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  carpenter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shipyards_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  India_NP  company_NN  at_IO  Amsterdam_NP  .  
  this_DD1  soon_RR  became_VVD  an_AT1  open_JJ  secret_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Peter_NP  insisted_VVD  on_IO  keeping_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  pretence_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  his_APP$  back_NN  on_IO  anyone_PN1  calling_VBG  him_PPHO1    your_APP$  majesty_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  and_CC  dressed_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  workman_NN  ,_,  lit_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  fire_NN  and_CC  cooked_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  meals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Marlborough_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  shipyards_NNS  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  foreman_NN  pointed_VVD  him_PPHO1  out_RP    hardly_RR  necessary_JJ  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  great_JJ  height_NN    by_IO  saying_VBG  :_:  
    Peterbas_NP  (_(  Master_NNSB1  Peter_NP  )_)  ,_,  help_VV0  those_DD2  men_NNS  carry_VV0  the_AT1  planks_NNS    .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  months_NNS  he_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  in_IO  Holland_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  ,_,  besides_IO  carpentry_NN  ,_,  navigation_NN  ,_,  astronomy_NN  ,_,  law-court_NN  procedure_NN  ,_,  fortification_NN  ,_,  mathematics_NN  ,_,  printing_NN  ,_,  botany_NN  ,_,  copper-plate_NN  engraving_NN  ,_,  surgery_NN  ,_,  dentistry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  fire-engines_NNS  and_CC  fireworks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  impressed_VVD  his_APP$  instructors_NNS  by_IO  his_APP$  eagerness_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  speed_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  grasped_VVD  the_AT1  essentials_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  subject_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  arranged_VVD  for_IO  345_MC  Dutch_JJ  sailors_NNS  ,_,  several_DA  ship's_NN1$  captains_NNS  and_CC  doctors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  craftsmen_NNS  to_TO  sail_VV0  to_IO  Russia_NP  to_TO  teach_VV0  their_APP$  various_JJ  skills_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  been_VBN  told_VBN  (_(  by_IO  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1  )_)  that_CS  in_IO  England_NP  he_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  cleverest_JJT  shipbuilders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  King_NNSB1  William_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  in_IO  Utrecht_NP  ,_,  for_IO  permission_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  gladly_RR  given_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  back_RP  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  newest_JJT  yacht_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    royal_JJ  transport_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  vessel_NN  mounting_VBG  twenty_MC  brass_NN  cannon_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  three_MC  men-of-war_NNS  as_IO  escort_NN  .  
  Peter_NP  set_VVD  sail_NN  from_IO  Amsterdam_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  having_VHG  left_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  embassy_NN  to_TO  continue_VV0  their_APP$  apprenticeship_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  shipyards_NNS  and_CC  munition_NN  works_NNS  .  
  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  convoy_NN  was_VBDZ  Vice-Admiral_NNSB1  Mitchell_NP  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  Peter_NP  later_RRR  said_VVD  ,_,  while_CS  watching_VBG  a_AT1  sham_JB  naval_JJ  battle_NN  off_IO  Spithead_NP  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  an_AT1  English_JJ  admiral_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  happier_JJ  man_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  Tsar_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  shirtsleeves_NNS  .  
  after_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  at_IO  sea_NN  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  arrived_VVD  at_IO  Greenwich_NP  ,_,  where_CS Peter_NP  left_VVD  his_APP$  yacht_NN  and_CC  boarded_VVD  the_AT1  royal_JJ  barge_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  Strand_NNL1  .  
  here_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Norfolk_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  soon_RR  resembled_VVD  a_AT1  stable_NN  .  
  three_MC  days_NNS  after_IO  his_APP$  arrival_NN  ,_,  William_NP  called_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  Tsar_NNSB1  met_VVD  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  in_IO  his_APP$  shirtsleeves_NNS  .  
  talking_VBG  about_IO  health_NN  .  
  our_APP$  family_NN  doctor_NN  .  
  sprained_JJ  ankle_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  quite_RR  thirty_MC  and_CC  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  having_VHG  trouble_NN  putting_VBG  her_APP$  left_JJ  foot_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  her_APP$  husband_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  into_IO  my_APP$  consulting_JJ  room_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  downstairs_RL  with_IO  an_AT1  armful_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  tripped_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  step_NN  but_IO  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  carpet_NN  's_VBZ  loose_JJ  there_RL  and_CC  my_APP$  heel_NN  got_VVD  caught_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  with_IO  my_APP$  foot_NN  underneath_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  obediently_RR  she_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  off_RP  her_APP$  right_JJ  shoe_NN  and_CC  stocking_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  helped_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  slipper_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  on_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  foot_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  took_VVD  my_APP$  stocking_NN  off_RP  to_TO  bathe_VV0  my_APP$  foot_NN  in_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  apologetically_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  lie_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  couch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  compared_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  ankles_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  much_DA  to_TO  see_VV0  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  left_JJ  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  badly_RR  swollen_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  persuaded_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  try_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  different_JJ  movements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ankles_NNS  and_CC  toes_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  right_JJ  foot_NN  moved_VVD  normally_RR  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  her_APP$  left_JJ  foot_NN  would_VM  move_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  in_IO  most_DA  directions_NNS  but_CCB  all_DB  her_APP$  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  limited_JJ  and_CC  painful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  hurt_VVD  most_RBT  when_CS she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  twist_VV0  the_AT1  foot_NN  outwards_RR  .  
  clearly_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  damage_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  foot_NN  or_CC  to_IO  her_APP$  freely_RR  wiggling_JJ  toes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  damage_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  worst_JJT  pain_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  just_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  ankle_NN  bone_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  side_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  each_DD1  ankle_NN  in_IO  turn_NN  carefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  the_AT1  left_JJ  one_MC1  hurt_VVD  her_PPHO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  no_AT1  bones_NNS  were_VBDR  broken_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  lucky_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fracture_NN  .  
  just_RR  a_AT1  bad_JJ  sprain_NN  with_IO  bruising_NN  and_CC  swelling_NN  .  
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  have_VH0  an_AT1  X-ray_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  quite_RR  sure_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  armed_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  note_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  husband_NN  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  car_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  casualty_NN  department_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  back_RP  in_IO  just_RR  over_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  fracture_NN  and_CC  all_DB  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  needed_VBN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  treatment_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  three-inch_JB  elastic_JJ  adhesive_JJ  bandage_NN  and_CC  apply_VV0  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  but_CCB  firmly_RR  from_IO  below_II  upwards_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  supported_VVD  the_AT1  torn_JJ  outer_JB  ligament_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  ankle_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  encouraged_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  try_VV0  walking_VBG  on_IO  it_PPH1  now_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  safely_RR  strapped_VBN  up_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unsteady_JJ  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  manage_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  steps_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_RG  comfortable_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  instructed_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  walk_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  a_RR  little_RR  each_DD1  day_NN  ,_,  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  time_NN  daily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  being_VBG  careful_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  not_XX  overdoing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  bandage_NN  .  
  for_CS  now_RL  the_AT1  cure_NN  was_VBDZ  complete_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  safe_JJ  side_NN  I_PPIS1  advised_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_RR  for_IO  another_DD1  fortnight_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  good_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  sure_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  now_RL  no_AT1  loose_JJ  stair-carpets_NNS  ,_,  mats_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  rugs_NNS  anywhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Meridith_NP  .  
  facts_NNS  about_IO  eczema_NN  .  
  Joan_NP  Williams_NP  \0S.R.N_NNSB1  ,_,  \0S.C.M_NNSB1  advises_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  ways_NNS  to_TO  relieve_VV0  discomfort_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  baby's_NN1$  skin_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  skin_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  child_NN  is_VBZ  perfect_JJ  and_CC  quite_RR  flawless_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  some_DD  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  rash_NN  may_VM  develop_VV0  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  .  
  and_CC  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  eczema_NN  calls_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  amount_NN  of_IO  skilful_JJ  management_NN  and_CC  patience_NN  .  
  sufferers_NNS  from_IO  eczema_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  divided_VBN  into_IO  three_MC  groups_NNS  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  babies_NNS  who_PNQS develop_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  about_RR  four_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  clears_VBZ  up_RP  spontaneously_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  birthday_NN  ;_;  secondly_RR  ,_,  babies_NNS  in_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  rash_NN  persists_VBZ  after_CS  this_DD1  point_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reached_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  thirdly_RR  ,_,  children_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  eczema_NN  in_IO  babyhood_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  who_PNQS develop_VV0  it_PPH1  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  around_RP  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  later_RRR  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  groups_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  .  
  eczema_NN  usually_RR  begins_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  cheeks_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  become_VV0  first_RR  bright_JJ  red_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  very_RG  shiny_JJ  .  
  next_RR  the_AT1  skin_NN  begins_VBZ  to_TO  crack_VV0  .  
  then_RL  follows_VBZ  the_AT1    weeping_JJ    stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rash_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  spread_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  cheeks_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  neck_NN  ,_,  body_NN  and_CC  limbs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  condition_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  irritation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  checked_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  child_NN  will_VM  inevitably_RR  scratch_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  must_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  ,_,  because_CS  scratching_NN  can_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  bad_JJ  infection_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  anything_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  skin_NN  infections_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  passed_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  eczema_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  never_RR  contagious_JJ  .  
  how_CS can_VM  this_DD1  scratching_NN  and_CC  subsequent_JJ  infection_NN  be_VB0  prevented_VBN  .  
  by_IO  making_VBG  impossible_JJ  direct_JJ  contact_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  hands_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  affected_JJ  skin_NN  .  
  this_DD1  entails_VBZ  completely_RR  covering_VBG  the_AT1  latter_DA  by_IO  means_II  of_II  dry_JJ  sterile_JJ  gauze_NN  and_CC  bandages_NNS  ,_,  and/or_CC  a_AT1  washable_JJ  cotton_NN  garment_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  can_VM  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  off_RP  ,_,  by_IO  putting_VBG  his_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  cotton_NN  mitts_NNS  .  
  cure_NN  unknown_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  known_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  curing_VBG  eczema_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  clear_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  usually_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  accord_NN  ,_,  generally_RR  when_CS the_AT1  child_NN  is_VBZ  between_IO  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  go_VV0  spontaneously_RR  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  last_VV0  for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  when_CS the_AT1  older_JJ  child_NN  develops_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  eczema_NN  is_VBZ  generally_RR  the_AT1    dry_JJ    type_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  slight_JJ  ,_,  restricted_VBN  to_IO  neck_NN  ,_,  elbows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  behind_IO  the_AT1  knees_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  even_CS  though_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  specific_JJ  treatment_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  cure_VV0  eczema_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  ways_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  discomfort_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  greatly_RR  eased_VBN  .  
  first_MD  on_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  measures_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  lotion_NN  ,_,  cream_NN  or_CC  ointment_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  direct_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  affected_JJ  skin_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  irritation_NN  .  
  usually_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  doctor_NN  will_VM  prescribe_VV0  calamine_NN  for_IO    weeping_JJ    eczema_NN  ,_,  and_CC  zinc_NN  cream_NN  or_CC  coal_NN  tar_NN  ointment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    dry_JJ    type_NN  .  
  sedative_NN  .  
  almost_RR  certainly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  prescribe_VV0  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  sedative_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  probably_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  an_AT1  anti-histamine_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  offset_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  irritating_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  substance_NN  called_VBN  histamine_NN  spilling_VBG  out_RP  from_IO  body_NN  cells_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  tissues_NNS  )_)  .  
  something_PN1  else_RR  the_AT1  doctor_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  prescribe_VV0  is_VBZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  emulsifying_JJ  ointment_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  instead_RR  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  soap_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  may_VM  well_RR  increase_VV0  the_AT1  irritation_NN  and_CC  probably_RR  aggravate_VV0  the_AT1  rash_NN  .  
  since_CS  wool_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  irritating_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  with_IO  eczema_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  advisable_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  removable_JJ  linings_NNS  or_CC  little_JJ  undergarments_NNS  of_IO  butter_NN  muslin_NN  or_CC  cotton_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  diet_NN  .  
  some_DD  babies_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  improve_VV0  when_CS fed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  brand_NN  of_IO  evaporated_JJ  milk_NN  or_CC  soya_NN  bean_NN  flour_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  fresh_JJ  or_CC  dried_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  child_NN  specialist_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  discussed_VVD  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  eczema_NN  is_VBZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  children_NNS  would_VM  improve_VV0  anyway_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  milk_NN  .  
  one_MC1  last_DA  word_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  specific_JJ  cure_NN  for_IO  eczema_NN  ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  one_MC1  specific_JJ  cause_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  allergic_JJ  reaction_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  in_IO  rare_JJ  cases_NNS  that_CS  a_AT1  particular_JJ  substance_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  detected_VBN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  is_VBZ  allergic_JJ  .  
  some_DD  believe_VV0  that_DD1  eczema_NN  is_VBZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  emotional_JJ  factors_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  youngest_JJT  baby_NN  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  most_DA  experienced_JJ  doctors_NNS  will_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  condition_NN  is_VBZ  aggravated_VBN  by_IO  tension_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  agree_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  basic_JJ  cause_NN  .  
  except_CS  ,_,  possibly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  child_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  eczema_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  worse_JJ  by_IO  parental_JJ  tension_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  repeated_JJ  attempts_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  someone_PN1  who_PNQS will_VM  cure_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  equally_RR  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  condition_NN  begins_VBZ  to_TO  improve_VV0  once_CS  the_AT1  family_NN  doctor_NN  can_VM  induce_VV0  the_AT1  parents_NNS  to_TO  accept_VV0  philosophically_RR  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  child_NN  has_VHZ  eczema_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  specific_JJ  cure_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  almost_RR  certain_JJ  to_TO  disappear_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  spontaneous_JJ  disappearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rash_NN  is_VBZ  even_RR  more_RG  likely_JJ  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  proper_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  parents_NNS  are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  tranquillity_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  their_APP$  day-to-day_JB  dealings_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  child_NN  .  
  talking_VBG  about_IO  health_NN  .  
  our_APP$  family_NN  doctor_NN  .  
  cramp_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  slim_JJ  ,_,  athletic_JJ  looking_JJ  nineteen-year-old_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  on_IO  holiday_NN  with_IO  friends_NNS  next_DA  month_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  want_VV0  to_TO  swim_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  apt_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  cramp_NN  and_CC  wondered_VVD  how_CS to_TO  prevent_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    when_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  get_VV0  cramp_NN  .    
    mostly_RR  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  worried_JJ  about_IO  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  while_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  swimming_VBG  .  
  usually_RR  it_PPH1  starts_VBZ  just_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_IO  sleep_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
    always_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  right_JJ  leg_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,    touching_VBG  her_APP$  calf_NN  muscles_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  stamp_VV0  around_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  it_PPH1  soon_RR  goes_VBZ  .    
    does_VBZ  it_PPH1  happen_VV0  any_DD  special_JJ  night_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  slowly_RR  :_:  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  noticed_VBN  it_PPH1  on_IO  Tuesdays_NN2  and_CC  Thursdays_NN2  .    
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  on_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  that_PNQS you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  on_IO  others_DA2  .    
  the_AT1  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  keep-fit_JB  sessions_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  gymnasium_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  perspire_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  .    
    we_PPIS2  all_DB  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  drink_VV0  lots_NNS  of_IO  lemonade_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  cramp_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  caused_VBN  by_IO  having_VHG  lost_VBN  salt_NN  through_IO  sweating_NN  .  
    you_PPY  get_VV0  thirsty_JJ  and_CC  drink_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
    all_DB  the_AT1  body_NN  fluids_NNS  are_VBR  salty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  salt_NN  and_CC  water_NN  is_VBZ  carefully_RR  balanced_VBN  .  
  lose_VV0  water_NN  and_CC  salt_NN  by_IO  sweating_VBG  profusely_RR  and_CC  they_PPHS2  stay_VV0  in_IO  balance_NN  .  
  replace_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  salt_NN  gets_VBZ  upset_VBN  and_CC  that_DD1  shows_VBZ  up_RP  very_RG  commonly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  muscular_JJ  cramp_NN  later_RRR  on_RP  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  try_VV0  what_DDQ  people_NNS  do_VD0  in_IO  hot_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  drop_VV0  a_AT1  salt_JJ  tablet_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  or_CC  lemonade_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  replace_VV0  both_DB2  salt_NN  and_CC  water_NN  .  
  then_RL  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  cramp_NN  .    
  on_IO  holiday_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  cramp_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  swam_VVD  soon_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  .  
    wait_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  after_IO  eating_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  swim_VV0  when_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  cold_JJ  .  
  warm_VV0  up_RP  your_APP$  muscles_NNS  by_IO  running_VBG  about_RP  and_CC  doing_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  exercises_NNS  before_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
    if_CS  ever_RR  you_PPY  do_VD0  get_VV0  cramp_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  panic_VV0  .  
  float_VV0  on_IO  your_APP$  back_NN  and_CC  use_VV0  your_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  arms_NNS  to_TO  scull_VV0  yourself_PPX1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
    then_RL  pull_VV0  the_AT1  cramped_JJ  leg_NN  right_RR  up_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  chest_NN  and_CC  massage_VV0  the_AT1  affected_JJ  calf_NN  muscles_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  get_VV0  some_DD  heat_NN  into_IO  them_PPHO1    say_RR  from_IO  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  soaked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  thermos_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  tea_NN    so_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
    and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  should_VM  get_VV0  cramp_NN  again_RR  in_IO  bed_NN  at_IO  night_NN  pull_VV0  your_APP$  leg_NN  up_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  pull_VV0  your_APP$  toes_NNS  up_RP  towards_IO  your_APP$  chin_NN  .  
  that_DD1  lengthens_VBZ  and_CC  stretches_VBZ  the_AT1  contracted_JJ  muscles_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  cramp_NN  will_VM  soon_RR  go_VV0  .    
  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  later_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  really_RR  wonderful_JJ  holiday_NN  with_IO  never_RR  a_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  cramp_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Meridith_NP  .  
  hoping_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  discussing_VBG  delayed_JJ  pregnancy_NN  ,_,  Joan_NP  Williams_NP  \0S.R.N_NNSB1  ,_,  \0S.C.M_NNSB1  emphasizes_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  rare_JJ  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  every_AT1  young_JJ  couple_NN  may_VM  become_VV0  parents_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  known_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  marriages_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  and_CC  natural_JJ  sex_NN  relationship_NN  ,_,  pregnancy_NN  will_VM  begin_VV0  within_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  for_IO  about_RR  eighty_MC  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  couples_NNS  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  further_JB  ten_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  will_VM  it_PPH1  occur_VV0  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  .  
  obviously_RR  then_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  couple_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  tried_VBN  unsuccessfully_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  year_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  baby_NN  are_VBR  justified_VBN  in_IO  thinking_VBG  that_CS  something_PN1  may_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  equally_RR  justified_VBN  in_IO  seeking_VBG  medical_JJ  advice_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  wise_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  :_:  particularly_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  wife_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  her_APP$  late_JJ  twenties_MC2  or_CC  older_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  well_RR  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  delay_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  very_RG  simple_JJ  explanation_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  quickly_RR  revealed_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  talk_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  doctor_NN  .  
  for_CS  often_RR  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  their_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  true_JJ  understanding_NN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  marital_JJ  relationship_NN  ,_,  and/or_CC  the_AT1  fertile_JJ  phase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  menstrual_JJ  cycle_NN  .  
  adjustment_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  putting_VBG  into_IO  practice_NN  of_IO  necessary_JJ  adjustments_NNS  will_VM  probably_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  desired_JJ  pregnancy_NN  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  .  
  or_CC  maybe_RR  even_RR  sooner_RRR  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  doctor_NN  can_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  any_DD  obvious_JJ  cause_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  delay_NN  in_IO  conception_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  advises_VBZ  specialist_JJ  investigation_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  no_AT1  cause_NN  for_IO  despondency_NN  or_CC  apprehension_NN  .  
  for_CS  true_JJ  sterility_NN  is_VBZ  rare_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  every_AT1  chance_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  cause_NN  or_CC  causes_NNS  of_IO  delay_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  through_IO  tests_NNS    none_PN1  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  alarming_JJ  .  
  (_(  a_AT1  brief_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  involved_VBN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  free_JJ  newsheet_NN  entitled_VBN    routine_JJ  fertility_NN  tests_NNS  .    
  important_JJ  series_NN  for_IO  mothers-to-be_NNS  .  
  \0no_NN  6_MC  the_AT1  long_JJ  wait_NN  over_RP  .  
  during_IO  pregnancy_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  baby_NN  lies_VBZ  curled_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  womb_NN  ,_,  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  bag_NN  of_IO  warm_JJ  ,_,  protective_JJ  fluid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  neck_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  (_(  cervix_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  tightly_RR  closed_VBN  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sealed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  plug_NN  of_IO  jelly-like_JJ  mucus_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  prevents_VBZ  infection_NN  from_IO  getting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  ,_,  three_MC  things_NNS  must_VM  happen_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  plug_NN  of_IO  mucus_NN  must_VM  drop_VV0  away_RP  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  womb_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  sealed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  cervix_NN  must_VM  stretch_VV0  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  baby_NN  pass_VV0  through_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  passage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bag_NN  of_IO  membrane_NN  which_DDQ  holds_VBZ  the_AT1  protective_JJ  fluid_NN  must_VM  give_VV0  way_NN  ,_,  allowing_VBG  the_AT1  fluid_NN  to_TO  escape_VV0    otherwise_RR  the_AT1  baby_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  even_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  cervix_NN  had_VHD  stretched_VBN  completely_RR  .  
  usually_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  mother_NN  notices_VBZ  when_CS labour_NN  begins_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  tightening_NN  and_CC  relaxing_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  womb_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  during_IO  pregnancy_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  suddenly_RR  taken_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  rhythm_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  contractions_NNS  are_VBR  occurring_VBG  regularly_RR  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  happens_VBZ  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  longer_RRR  ,_,  may_VM  pass_VV0  between_IO  contractions_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  her_APP$  labour_NN  has_VHZ  started_VBN  .  
  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  regular_JJ  contractions_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1    show_NN  .    
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  plug_NN  of_IO  mucus_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  left_VBN  the_AT1  cervix_NN  and_CC  passed_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  vagina_NN  .  
  usually_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  streaked_VBN  with_IO  a_DA  little_DA  blood_NN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  notify_VV0  hospital_NN  or_CC  midwife_NN  when_CS labour_NN  contractions_NNS  are_VBR  coming_VBG  at_IO  fifteen_MC  minute_NN  intervals_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  less_DA  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  about_IO  a_AT1  show_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  signs_NNS  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  show_NN  contains_VBZ  more_DA  blood_NN  than_CS  would_VM  go_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  penny_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  wise_JJ  precaution_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  advice_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  might_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  labour_NN  is_VBZ  progressing_VBG  more_RG  rapidly_RR  than_CS  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  .  
  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  that_CS  labour_NN  has_VHZ  begun_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  breaking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bag_NN  of_IO  waters_NNS  ,_,  or_CC    rupture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  membranes_NNS  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  ,_,  uncontrolled_JJ  gush_NN  of_IO  fluid_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  the_AT1  bladder_NN  .  
  in_IO  point_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  waters_NNS  can_VM  break_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  during_IO  labour_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  this_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  happen_VV0  until_CS  the_AT1  baby_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS they_PPHS2  break_VV0  right_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_AT1  regular_JJ  contractions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  show_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  baby_NN  is_VBZ  starting_VBG  his_APP$  journey_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  expectant_JJ  mother_NN  should_VM  notify_VV0  hospital_NN  or_CC  midwife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  progresses_VBZ  steadily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  quite_RR  slowly_RR  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  .  
  with_IO  first_MD  babies_NNS  it_PPH1  may_VM  take_VV0  anything_PN1  up_RP  to_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  regular_JJ  ,_,  rhythmic_JJ  contractions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  gradually_RR  draw_VV0  open_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  stretch_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  cervix_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  cervix_NN  stretches_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  baby_NN  sinks_VBZ  lower_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  .  
  usually_RR  an_AT1  expectant_JJ  mother_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  happy_JJ  to_TO  remain_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  about_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN    unless_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  night_NN  time_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  when_CS contractions_NNS  are_VBR  stronger_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  frequent_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  prefers_VBZ  to_TO  lie_VV0  down_RP  .  
  various_JJ  preparations_NNS  and_CC  examinations_NNS  are_VBR  carried_VBN  out_RP  during_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  preparations_NNS  such_IO  as_II  shaving_VBG  away_RP  body_NN  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  giving_VBG  an_AT1  enema_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  cleanliness_NN  when_CS the_AT1  baby_NN  is_VBZ  born_VBN  .  
  and_CC  examinations_NNS  to_TO  discover_VV0  how_CS rapidly_RR  labour_NN  is_VBZ  progressing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  mother_NN  and_CC  baby_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commonest_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  frequent_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  these_DD2  examinations_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  regular_JJ  pulse_NN  ,_,  temperature_NN  and_CC  blood_NN  pressure_NN  check_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gentle_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mother's_NN1$  tummy_NN  to_TO  track_VV0  baby's_NN1$  downward_JB  progress_NN  .  
  combined_VBN  with_IO  careful_JJ  listening_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  heartbeats_NNS  through_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  metal_NN  stethoscope_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  regular_JJ  examinations_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  usual_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  internal_JJ  examination_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  some_DD  time_NN  during_IO  labour_NN    or_CC  maybe_RR  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  alarmed_JJ  about_IO  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  doctor_NN  or_CC  midwife_NN  decides_VBZ  that_CS  such_DA  an_AT1  examination_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  anything_PN1  wrong_JJ  .  
  simply_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  accurate_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  at_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  of_IO  checking_VBG  how_CS far_RR  labour_NN  has_VHZ  progressed_VBN  ,_,  of_IO  estimating_VBG  how_CS much_RR  longer_RRR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  last_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  deciding_VBG  how_CS best_RBT  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  mother_NN  relax_VV0  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  co-operate_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  contractions_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  bringing_VBG  her_APP$  baby_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  expectant_JJ  mother's_NN1$  daily_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  relaxation_NN  and_CC  breath_NN  control_NN  can_VM  really_RR  come_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  for_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  relax_VV0  ,_,  and_CC    go_VV0  with_IO    each_DD1  contraction_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  not_XX  only_RR  be_VB0  helping_VBG  herself_PPX1  to_TO  experience_VV0  the_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  discomfort_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  helping_VBG  the_AT1  contraction_NN  to_TO  exert_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  stretching_NN  power_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  cervix_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  labour_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  more_RRR  the_AT1  cervix_NN  stretches_VBZ  with_IO  each_DD1  contraction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fewer_DA  contractions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  result_NN  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  an_AT1  expectant_JJ  mother_NN  carries_VBZ  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  duration_NN  or_CC  outcome_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  labour_NN  .  
  simply_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  help_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  efforts_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  should_VM  never_RR  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  any_DD  drug_NN  or_CC  gas_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  offered_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  for_CS  such_DA  drugs_NNS  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  prevent_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  natural_JJ  birth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  use_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  mean_VV0  either_LE  that_CS  something_PN1  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  right_JJ  or_CC  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  managing_VBG  splendidly_RR  .  
  far_RR  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  drugs_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  back_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  mother's_NN1$  work_NN  ,_,  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  relax_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  between_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  during_IO  contractions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  diminish_VV0  the_AT1  sensation_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  contractions_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  become_VV0  strong_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  diminish_VV0  the_AT1  sensation_NN  without_IO  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  undermining_VBG  their_APP$  usefulness_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  draws_VBZ  towards_IO  its_APP$  close_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  contractions_NNS  become_VV0  stronger_JJ  and_CC  much_RR  closer_JJ  together_RR  .  
  usually_RR  they_PPHS2  arrive_VV0  at_IO  two_MC  to_IO  three_MC  minute_NN  intervals_NNS  just_RR  before_CS  baby_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  that_CS  many_DA  a_AT1  mother_NN  feels_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  panicky_JJ    feels_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  being_VBG  swept_VBN  along_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  tide_NN  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  can_VM  n't_XX  control_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  bear_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  time_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  longs_VBZ  for_IO  her_APP$  labour_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  little_JJ  while_NN  she_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  afraid_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  will_VM  hold_VV0  hard_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  natural_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  simply_RR  means_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  almost_RR  time_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  work_VV0  really_RR  hard_RR  ,_,  and_CC  push_VV0  her_APP$  baby_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  deep_JJ  breathing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  and_CC  air_NN  apparatus_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  usually_RR  offered_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  over_IO  this_DD1  last_DA  difficult_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  while_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  moment_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  midwife_NN  or_CC  doctor_NN  will_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  cervix_NN  is_VBZ  stretched_VBN  completely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  now_RL  she_PPHO1  can_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0    work_VV0  as_RG  hard_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  possibly_RR  can_VM  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  contractions_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  womb_NN  ,_,  to_TO  help_VV0  her_APP$  baby_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  .  
  for_CS  now_RL  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  relaxing_VBG  both_DB2  between_IO  and_CC  during_IO  contractions_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  relaxing_VBG  between_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  gather_VV0  strength_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  effort_NN  ,_,  and_CC  really_RR  working_VBG  when_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  .  
  with_IO  each_DD1  contraction_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  really_RR  deep_JJ  breath_NN  ,_,  to_TO  hold_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  bear_VV0  down_RP  as_RG  hard_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  .  
  for_CS  with_IO  each_DD1  contraction_NN  ,_,  baby_NN  comes_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  nearer_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  world_NN  .  
  soon_RR  the_AT1  head_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  more_DA  pushes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  half_RR  born_VBN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  mother_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  stop_VV0  pushing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  breathe_VV0  quickly_RR  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP    like_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  panting_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  helps_VBZ  whoever_PNQS is_VBZ  delivering_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  head_NN  gently_RR  until_CS  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  contraction_NN  passes_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  guide_VV0  it_PPH1  gently_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  between_IO  contractions_NNS  ,_,  so_RR  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  stitches_NNS  being_VBG  needed_VBN  .  
  once_CS  baby's_NN1$  head_NN  is_VBZ  delivered_VBN  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  follows_VBZ  quickly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  .  
  baby_NN  is_VBZ  born_VBN  .  
  here_RL  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  a_AT1  gasp_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  lusty_JJ  yell_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cord_NN  is_VBZ  tied_VBN  and_CC  cut_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  baby_NN  is_VBZ  snugly_RR  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  warm_JJ  blanket_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  Mother_NNSB1  can_VM  hold_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  just_RR  remains_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  afterbirth_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  away_RP  .  
  this_DD1  only_RR  takes_VBZ  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  it_PPH1  the_AT1  third_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  mother_NN  need_VM  n't_XX  give_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  thought_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  can_VM  lie_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  her_APP$  baby_NN  ,_,  until_CS  the_AT1  midwife_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  afterbirth_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  pop_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  either_LE  asks_VBZ  her_PPHO1  to_TO  relax_VV0  while_CS  her_APP$  tummy_NN  is_VBZ  pressed_VBN  gently_RR  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  and_CC  to_TO  push_VV0  down_RP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  when_CS the_AT1  baby_NN  arrived_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  contraction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  afterbirth_NN  comes_VBZ  away_RP  !_!  
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  over_RP  .  
  a_AT1  proud_JJ  mother_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  clean_JJ  and_CC  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  given_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  ever_RR  tasted_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  brand_NN  new_JJ  baby_NN  is_VBZ  washed_VBN  ,_,  weighed_VBN  and_CC  dressed_VBN  .  
  then_RL  when_CS both_DB2  have_VH0  rested_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  efforts_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  can_VM  lie_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  receive_VV0  the_AT1  congratulations_NNS  and_CC  good_JJ  wishes_NNS  of_IO  relatives_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  .  
  and_CC  how_CS well_RR  deserved_VBN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  !_!  
  other_DA  mothers'_NN2  problems_NNS  .  
  answered_VBN  by_IO  Joan_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  \0S.R.N_NNSB1  ,_,  \0S.C.M_NNSB1  .  
  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  .  
  my_APP$  baby_NN  ,_,  Aileen_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  ten_MC  weeks_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  fully_RR  breast_NN  fed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  thriving_VBG  well_RR  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  just_RR  one_MC1  difficulty_NN    neither_LE  welfare_NN  orange_NN  juice_NN  ,_,  rose_NN  hip_NN  syrup_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  blackcurrant_NN  juice_NN  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_TO  suit_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  all_DB  three_MC  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  rash_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  I_PPIS1  follow_VV0  the_AT1  directions_NNS  very_RG  carefully_RR  when_CS giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  any_DD  suggestions_NNS  ,_,  please_UH  .  
  possibly_RR  your_APP$  baby_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  substance_NN  contained_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  drinks_NNS  you_PPY  have_VH0  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  ,_,  then_RL  your_APP$  doctor_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  person_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  before_IO  taking_VBG  Aileen_NP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  try_VV0  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  fresh_JJ  orange_NN  juice_NN  .  
  squeeze_VV0  the_AT1  juice_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  cut_JJ  orange_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  quite_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  no_AT1  pips_NNS  or_CC  bits_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  give_VV0  baby_NN  just_RR  one_MC1  teaspoon_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  a_DA  little_DA  cool_JJ  ,_,  boiled_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  with_IO  just_RR  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  sugar_NN    less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  teaspoon_NN    to_TO  taste_VV0  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  tolerates_VBZ  this_DD1  without_IO  trouble_NN  ,_,  then_RL  gradually_RR  work_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  amount_NN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  having_VHG  a_AT1  tablespoon_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  juice_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  ounces_NNS  of_IO  boiled_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  teaspoon_NN  of_IO  sugar_NN  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  continue_VV0  giving_VBG  the_AT1  juice_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  sign_NN  of_IO  sickness_NN  ,_,  loose_JJ  motions_NNS  ,_,  tummy_NN  discomfort_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  rash_NN  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  happen_VV0  ,_,  take_VV0  baby_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  doctor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  think_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  her_PPHO1  on_IO  guava_NN  juice_NN  ,_,  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  rich_JJ  in_IO  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  juice_NN  of_IO  fresh_JJ  tomatoes_NNS  .  
  or_CC  he_PPHO1  may_VM  prescribe_VV0  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  tablets_NNS  .  
  baby_NN  book_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  written_VBN  a_AT1  book_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  expectant_JJ  mothers_NNS  .  
  please_UH  could_VM  you_PPY  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  details_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  little_JJ  book_NN    baby_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  ,_,    has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  completely_RR  revised_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  brought_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  sections_NNS  on_IO  how_CS a_AT1  baby_NN  develops_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  ,_,  how_CS his_APP$  mother_NN  can_VM  care_VV0  for_IO  her_APP$  general_JJ  health_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  waiting_NN  months_NNS  ,_,  how_CS she_PPHO1  can_VM  prepare_VV0  herself_PPX1  for_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  ,_,  plan_VV0  his_APP$  layette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  care_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  after_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  born_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  section_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  birth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  the_AT1  booklet_NN  costs_VBZ  one_MC1  shilling_NN  and_CC  sixpence_NNS  ,_,  post_NN  free_JJ  ,_,  from_IO  this_DD1  address_NN  .  
  an_AT1  order_NN  form_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  page_NN  27_MC  .  
  small_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  my_APP$  doctor_NN  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  polyp_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  womb_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  waiting_VBG  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  hospital_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  it_PPH1  removed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  this_DD1  entails_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  polyp_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  worrying_VBG  .  
  removal_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  polyp_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  simple_JJ  operation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  that_PNQS certainly_RR  need_VM  n't_XX  alarm_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  polyp_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  little_JJ  growth_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  womb_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  cancer_NN  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  with_IO  any_DD  other_DA  serious_JJ  condition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  cause_VV0    nuisance_NN    symptoms_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN    bleeding_VBG  between_IO  periods_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  vaginal_JJ  discharge_NN    and_CC  therefore_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  best_RBT  removed_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  hospital_NN  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  operation_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  performed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1    friend_NN    doctor_NN  talks_VBZ  .  
  something_PN1  hot_JJ  ,_,  something_PN1  cold_JJ  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  my_APP$  work_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  stomach_NN  trouble_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  very_RG  nearly_RR  all_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  could_VM  so_RG  easily_RR  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  .  
  cultivate_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  digestion_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  not_XX  only_RR  feel_VV0  better_JJ  physically_RR  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  live_VV0  longer_RRR  .  
  right_RR  away_RP  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  say_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  fussy_JJ  about_IO  your_APP$  diet_NN  .  
  just_RR  take_VV0  heed_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  simple_JJ  rules_NNS  .  
  here_RL  's_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  dinner-time_NN  .  
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  winter_NN  or_CC  summer_NN  have_VH0  something_PN1  hot_JJ  and_CC  something_PN1  cold_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  all-cold_JB  lunch_NN  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  it_PPH1  stuns_VBZ  the_AT1  stomach_NN  .  
  your_APP$  digestion_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  action_NN  for_IO  hours_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  all-hot_JJ  meal_NN  in_IO  winter_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  as_RG  bad_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  need_VV0  a_AT1  cold_JJ  sweet_JJ  to_TO  even_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  inside_JB  temperature_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  shut_VV0  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  tastiest_JJT  foods_NNS  are_VBR  pretty_RR  indigestible_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  spoilsport_NN  and_CC  tell_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  cut_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  but_CCB  try_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  overdo_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  :_:    
  hot_JJ  buttered_JJ  toast_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fat_JJ  seals_VBZ  off_RP  the_AT1  bread_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  gastric_JJ  juice_NN  can_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  toast_NN  will_VM  lie_VV0  on_IO  your_APP$  stomach_NN  three_MC  times_NNS  as_RG  long_RR  as_IO  plain_JJ  bread_NN  .  
  so_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  do_VD0  with_IO  just_RR  one_MC1  slice_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  cheese_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  grand_JJ  food_NN  .  
  but_CCB  have_VH0  you_PPY  any_DD  idea_NN  how_CS much_DA  you_PPY  should_VM  have_VH0  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  piece_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  matchbox_NN  .  
  any_DD  more_DA  and_CC  you_PPY  've_VH0  only_RR  yourself_PPX1  to_TO  blame_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  get_VV0  indigestion_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  fancier_JJ  the_AT1  cheese_NN  the_AT1  less_DA  you_PPY  need_VV0  .  
  pork_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  hardest_JJT  foods_NNS  to_TO  digest_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  five-hour_JB  job_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  stomach_NN  ,_,  so_CS  a_DA  little_DA  is_VBZ  enough_DD  .  
  and_CC  here_RL  's_VBZ  an_AT1  idea_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  avoid_VV0  any_DD  ill-effects_NNS  .  
  next_DA  time_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  pork_NN  make_VV0  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  stewed_JJ  fruit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fruit_NN  peps_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  gastric_JJ  juices_NNS  and_CC  helps_VBZ  the_AT1  digestion_NN  enormously_RR  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  indigestible_JJ  fruit_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pear_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  ripe_JJ  .  
  and_CC  warn_VV0  your_APP$  children_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  go_VV0  eating_VBG  green_JJ  ,_,  unripened_JJ  apples_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  youngster_NN  ill_JJ  for_IO  days_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no_AT1  exaggeration_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  stomach_NN  may_VM  never_RR  fully_RR  recover_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  cured_VBN  quite_DA  a_DA  few_DA  patients_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  indigestion_NN  that_PNQS gives_VBZ  you_PPY  a_AT1  blown-up_JB  feeling_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  nearly_RR  always_RR  caused_VBN  by_IO  drinking_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  so_RR  try_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  wash_VV0  your_APP$  food_NN  down_RP  .  
  and_CC  when_CS you_PPY  do_VD0  have_VH0  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  water_NN  do_VD0  n't_XX  swallow_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  one_MC1  gulp_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  ,_,  sound_JJ  digestion_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  'll_VM  only_RR  remember_VV0  to_TO  chew_VV0  every_AT1  mouthful_NN  of_IO  food_NN  twenty_MC  times_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  time_NN  to_TO  check_VV0  your_APP$  weight_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  everyone_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  weigh_VV0  yourself_PPX1  !_!  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_TO  check_VV0  up_RP  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  bit_NN  underweight_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  natural_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  scales_NNS  show_VV0  a_AT1  pound_NN  or_CC  two_MC  extra_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  take_VV0  this_DD1  warning_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_IO  fat_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  you_PPY  put_VV0  on_RP  weight_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  for_RR  good_RR  !_!  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  where_CS the_AT1  extra_JJ  poundage_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  .  
  round_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  line_NN  is_VBZ  worst_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  .  
  stand_VV0  erect_JJ  and_CC  pull_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  stomach_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  still_RR  bulge_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  high_JJ  time_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  fat_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  solid_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  tends_VBZ  to_TO  flow_VV0  where_CS the_AT1  skin_NN  is_VBZ  loose_JJ  .  
  so_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  out_RP  of_IO  condition_NN  and_CC  your_APP$  stomach_NN  muscles_NNS  are_VBR  flabby_JJ    that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS the_AT1  fat_JJ  goes_VBZ  .  
  stomach_NN  fat_NN  goes_VBZ  to_IO  two_MC  areas_NNS    around_IO  the_AT1  bowel_NN  and_CC  below_IO  the_AT1  liver_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  hampered_VBN  and_CC  clogged_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  breathing_NN  suffers_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  's_VBZ  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  danger_NN  .  
  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  more_DA  room_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fat_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  straight_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  .  
  women_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  worst_JJT  sufferers_NNS  from_IO  breathlessness_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  fat_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  becomes_VBZ  breathless_JJ  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  pretty_RR  quick_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  but_CCB  women_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  granted_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  area_NN  where_CS fat_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  arteries_NNS  .  
  anyone_PN1  suffering_VBG  from_IO  overweight_NN  risks_VBZ  the_AT1  fat_NN  lingering_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  bloodstream_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  you_PPY  should_VM  never_RR  ignore_VV0  a_AT1  pounding_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  throbbing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  overweight_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  risking_VBG  coronary_JJ  thrombosis_NN  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  that_DD1  fat_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  and_CC  feet_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  common_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  moment_NN  a_AT1  grown-up_NN  discovers_VBZ  she_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  size_NN  in_IO  shoes_NNS  and_CC  gloves_NNS    see_VV0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  thick_JJ  ankles_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  always_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  mere_JB  fat_NN  .  
  often_RR  varicose_JJ  veins_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  blame_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  safest_JJT  place_NN  for_IO  fat_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  arms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  helps_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  in_IO  shape_NN  .  
  fat_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  frightening_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  believe_VV0  .  
  whether_CS  the_AT1  fat_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  or_CC  under_IO  the_AT1  chin_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  excess_NN  will_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  any_DD  harm_NN  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  signs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  neck_NN  affecting_VBG  health_NN  are_VBR  headaches_NNS  and_CC  irritability_NN  .  
  these_DD2  indicate_VV0  blood_NN  pressure_NN  .  
  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  luckiest_JJT  folk_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  ones_CD1S  with_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  layer_NN  of_IO  overall_JB  fat_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  stand_VV0  both_DB2  cold_JJ  and_CC  hot_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  fat_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  skin_NN  helps_VBZ  control_VV0  the_AT1  body_NN  temperature_NN  .  
  little_JJ  signs_NNS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  patient_NN  who_PNQS came_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_DA  few_DA  evenings_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  rushed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  surgery_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  breathing_VBG  heavily_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  which_DDQ  disturbed_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_TO  recover_VV0  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  under_IO  25_MC  you_PPY  should_VM  get_VV0  your_APP$  breath_NN  back_RP  in_IO  one_MC1  minute_NN  .  
  under_IO  45_MC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  two_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  65_MC  the_AT1  breathing_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  inside_IO  four_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  other_DA  little_JJ  signs_NNS  a_AT1  doctor_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  woman_NN  comes_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  complaining_VBG  of_IO  tiredness_NN  and_CC  breathlessness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  ankles_NNS  can_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  ankles_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  steadily_RR  getting_VBG  thicker_JJ  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  trouble_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  breathlessness_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  general_JJ  fatigue_NN  then_RL  the_AT1  ankles_NNS  have_VH0  simply_RR  thickened_VBN  with_IO  too_RG  much_DA  standing_NN  or_CC  walking_NN  .  
  folk_NNS  over_IO  45_MC  would_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  watch_VV0  the_AT1  veins_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  necks_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  veins_NNS  stand_VV0  out_RP  pretty_RR  far_RR  when_CS you_PPY  're_VBR  bursting_VBG  with_IO  anger_NN  or_CC  physical_JJ  exertion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  anger_NN  dies_VBZ  away_RP  or_CC  the_AT1  exertion_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  these_DD2  veins_NNS  should_VM  subside_VV0  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  suspicion_NN  the_AT1  heart_NN  is_VBZ  congested_VBN  and_CC  overtaxed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  heart_NN  has_VHZ  another_DD1  way_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  under_IO  strain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pulse_NN  beats_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  just_RR  where_CS a_AT1  man's_NN1$  collar_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  maybe_RR  you_PPY  've_VH0  noticed_VBN  this_DD1  yourself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  suppressed_JJ  excitement_NN    usually_RR  someone_PN1  who_PNQS takes_VBZ  a_AT1  pride_NN  in_IO  self-control_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  self-control_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  always_RR  good_JJ  for_IO  health_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body's_NN1$  normal_JJ  reactions_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  being_VBG  suppressed_VBN  .  
  secret_JJ  worry_NN  and_CC  suppressed_JJ  emotion_NN  affect_VV0  the_AT1  heart_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  pulse_NN  beat_NN  I_PPIS1  mentioned_VVD  .  
  occasionally_RR  I_PPIS1  notice_VV0  my_APP$  patient_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  quiver_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  or_CC  lip_NN  .  
  this_DD1  indicates_VBZ  nervous_JJ  strain_NN  .  
  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS you_PPY  try_VV0  to_TO  control_VV0  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  are_VBR  first_MD  to_TO  give_VV0  way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  once_RR  warned_VVD  a_AT1  patient_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  attack_NN  of_IO  lumbago_NN  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  careful_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  tell_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  easy_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  walking_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  forward_JJ  angle_NN  .  
  that_DD1  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  your_APP$  back_NN  muscles_NNS  are_VBR  taxed_VBN  and_CC  uncomfortable_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  fighting_VBG  the_AT1  lumbago_NN  .    
  bloodlessness_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  so_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  detect_VV0  as_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  imagine_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  look_VV0  as_RG  fit_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  fiddle_NN  and_CC  yet_RR  be_VB0  bloodless_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  test_NN  rarely_RR  fails_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0    not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  lips_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  deceptive_JJ    but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  lobes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  learn_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  when_CS the_AT1  light_NN  is_VBZ  shining_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  lobes_NNS  from_IO  behind_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  lobes_NNS  pale_JJ  or_CC  dull_JJ  pink_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  richer_JJ  the_AT1  colour_NN  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  better_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  poultice_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  awful_JJ  feeling_NN  you_PPY  get_VV0  about_IO  two_MC  o'clock_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  pain_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  you_PPY  get_VV0  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  patient_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  had_VHD  a_AT1  pain_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  gnawed_VVD  and_CC  gnawed_VVD  for_IO  hours_NNS  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  desperation_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  fire_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  aspirins_NNS  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  .  
  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  oven_NN  door_NN  ,_,  lit_VVD  the_AT1  gas_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  sat_VVD  in_IO  front_II  of_II  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  heat_NN  certainly_RR  eased_VVD  the_AT1  pain_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  only_RR  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  known_VBN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  lying_VBG  comfortably_RR  in_IO  bed_NN  getting_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  relief_NN  .  
  all_DB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  poultice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  home-made_JJ  bread_NN  poultice_NN  can_VM  work_VV0  wonders_NNS  .  
  just_RR  cut_VV0  one_MC1  slice_NN  of_IO  bread_NN  about_RR  an_AT1  inch_NN  thick_JJ  .  
  roll_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  gauze_NN  muslin_NN  or_CC  thin_JJ  cotton_NN  .  
  dip_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  then_RL  wring_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  secret_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  gently_RR  .  
  the_AT1  poultice_NN  should_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  dripping_VBG  wet_JJ  .  
  then_RL  test_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  heat_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  mould_VV0  the_AT1  poultice_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  painful_JJ  part_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  sure_JJ  it_PPH1  extends_VBZ  three_MC  inches_NNS  all_RR  round_RP  beyond_IO  the_AT1  pain_NN  .  
  finally_RR  cover_VV0  the_AT1  lot_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  flannel_NN  ,_,  cotton_NN  wool_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  double_JJ  thickness_NN  of_IO  lint_NN  .  
  why_CS does_VBZ  a_AT1  poultice_NN  do_VD0  the_AT1  trick_NN  so_RG  well_RR  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  dilates_VBZ  the_AT1  blood_NN  vessels_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  draws_VBZ  blood_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  painful_JJ  area_NN  .  
  this_DD1  in_IO  turn_NN  restores_VBZ  the_AT1  damaged_JJ  tissue_NN  and_CC  carries_VBZ  away_RP  harmful_JJ  poison_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  like_IO  a_AT1  poultice_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  you_PPY  get_VV0  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  pain_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  tighten_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  make_VV0  the_AT1  pain_NN  worse_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  poultice_NN  slackens_VBZ  off_RP  this_DD1  muscle_NN  tension_NN  ,_,  and_CC  half_DB  your_APP$  battle_NN  for_IO  sleep_NN  is_VBZ  won_VBN  .  
  of_IO  all_DB  ailments_NNS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  chest_NN  troubles_NNS  get_VV0  most_DA  relief_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  poultice_NN  .  
  bad_JJ  bronchitis_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  specially_RR  distressing_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  a_AT1  poultice_NN  can_VM  ease_VV0  the_AT1  breathing_NN  and_CC  loosen_VV0  the_AT1  tightness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  remember_VV0  ,_,  children_NNS  or_CC  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  frail_JJ  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  poultice_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weight_NN  might_VM  restrict_VV0  the_AT1  breathing_NN  .  
  so_RR  for_IO  these_DD2  folk_NNS  put_VVD  the_AT1  poultice_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  shoulder_NN  blades_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  poultice_NN  of_IO  all_DB  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  for_IO  pleurisy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  start_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  armpit_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  down_RP  almost_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  poultice_NN  of_IO  all_DB  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kaolin_NN  variety_NN    if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  fresh_JJ  and_CC  moist_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  can_VM  take_VV0  comfort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  need_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  stuck_VBN    so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  slice_NN  of_IO  bread_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  seven_MC  golden_JJ  rules_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  now_RL  's_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  patients_NNS  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  same_DA  question_NN  .  
    how_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  doctor_NN  ,_,  that_CS  you_PPY  manage_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  so_RG  clear_JJ  of_IO  colds_NNS  every_AT1  winter_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  some_DD  special_JJ  medicine_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  is_VBZ  follow_VV0  these_DD2  golden_JJ  rules_NNS  :_:    
  1_MC1  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  first_MD  frosts_NNS  come_VV0  start_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  porridge_NN  and_CC  milk_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lime_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  oatmeal_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  milk_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  specially_RR  good_JJ  for_IO  anyone_PN1  plagued_VBN  with_IO  chilblains_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  porridge_NN  does_VBZ  more_DA  .  
  that_DD1  mass_NN  of_IO  warm_JJ  oatmeal_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  stomach_NN  is_VBZ  central_JJ  heating_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  best_JJT  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  feel_VV0  the_AT1  cold_NN  so_RG  much_RR  on_IO  your_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  work_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  chill_VV0  so_RG  easily_RR  standing_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  never_RR  go_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  winter's_NN1$  morning_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  empty_JJ  or_CC  cold_JJ  stomach_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  the_AT1  blood_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  rush_VV0  inwards_RR  to_TO  warm_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  stomach_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  less_DA  blood_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  areas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  can_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  chill_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  always_RR  keep_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  pop_VV0  your_APP$  finger_NN  quickly_RR  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  you_PPY  'll_VM  hardly_RR  feel_VV0  the_AT1  cold_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  the_AT1  finger_NN  in_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  longer_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM    freeze_VV0  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  walk_VV0  along_IO  wet_JJ  roads_NNS  without_IO  becoming_VBG  chilled_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  're_VBR  asking_VBG  for_IO  trouble_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  stand_VV0  around_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  gossip_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  in_IO  cold_JJ  weather_NN  a_DA  little_DA  exercise_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  defence_NN  against_IO  rheumatism_NN    particularly_RR  fibrositis_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  special_JJ  exercises_NNS  .  
  simply_RR  stretch_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  wiggle_VV0  your_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  toes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  older_JJ  you_PPY  are_VBR  the_AT1  less_RG  strenuous_JJ  the_AT1  exercises_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  but_CCB  even_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  over_RR  seventy_MC  ,_,  do_VD0  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  your_APP$  muscles_NNS  moving_VBG  .  
  their_APP$  ideal_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  exact_JJ  photographic_JJ  truth_NN  but_CCB  to_TO  render_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  vigorous_JJ  ,_,  personal_JJ  handling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paint_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  character_NN  not_XX  possessed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  photograph_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  the_AT1  leading_JJ  portrait_NN  painters_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  included_VVD  Sargent_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Lavery_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  veteran_NN  Watts_NP  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  landscape_NN  Alfred_NP  East_NP  and_CC  \0D_NP  \0Y_NP  Cameron_NP  were_VBDR  among_IO  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  work_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  typical_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  was_VBDZ  inspired_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  by_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  impressionists_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  who_PNQS preceded_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  called_VBN  the_AT1  plein_&FW  air_&FW  (_(  open_JJ  air_NN  )_)  School_NNL1  .  
  these_DD2  plein_&FW  airists_&FW  chose_VVD  to_TO  paint_VV0  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN    not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  believed_VVD  in_IO  working_VBG  direct_RR  from_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  doors_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  British_JJ  painters_NNS  who_PNQS tried_VVD  to_TO  follow_VV0  these_DD2  ideals_NNS  found_VVD  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  difficulties_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  climate_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  climate_NN  of_IO  France_NP  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  suitable_JJ  to_IO  long_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  painting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  doors_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  a_AT1  solution_NN  by_IO  moving_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  mildness_NN  of_IO  Cornwall_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  live_VV0  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  in_IO  such_DA  places_NNS  as_IO  Penzance_NP  and_CC  Newlyn_NP  ,_,  colonies_NNS  of_IO  painters_NNS  settled_VVD  .  
  Stanhope_NP  Forbes_NP  and_CC  Frank_NP  Bramley_NP  represented_VVD  faithfully_RR  scenes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cornish_JJ  fishermen_NNS  .  
  Henry_NP  La_NP  Thangue_NP  and_CC  George_NP  Clausen_NP  also_RR  found_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  everyday_JB  life_NN  of_IO  humble_JJ  folk_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  favourite_JB  subjects_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  see_VV0  many_DA  pictures_NNS  by_IO  British_JJ  artists_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  recent_JJ  foreign_JJ  painters_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Tate_NP  Gallery_NNL1  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  in_IO  1897_MC    an_AT1  important_JJ  event_NN  for_IO  art_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  this_DD1  gallery_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  generous_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  Henry_NP  Tate_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  sugar_NN  merchant_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  baron_NN  by_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  just_RR  before_CS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  mark_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gratitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  herself_PPX1  died_VVD  in_IO  1901_MC  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  felt_VBN  strongly_RR  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  painters_NNS  like_IO  Lucien_NP  Pissarro_NP  ,_,  Wilson_NP  Steer_NP  ,_,  Spencer_NP  Gore_NP  and_CC  Sickert_NP  were_VBDR  working_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  fully_RR  impressionist_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  was_VBDZ  at_RR  last_RR  becoming_VBG  accepted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  constant_JJ  prejudice_NN  against_IO  new_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  art_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  pioneer_NN  work_NN  of_IO  Constable_NP  and_CC  Turner_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  nurtured_VBN  on_IO  foreign_JJ  soil_NN  ,_,  echoed_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  their_APP$  native_JJ  land_NN  after_CS  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  century_NN  had_VHD  passed_VBN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  new_JJ  war_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  raging_VBG  in_IO  Paris_NP  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  post-impressionists_NNS  were_VBDR  attacking_VBG  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  once_RR  again_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  some_DD  time_NN  before_CS  this_DD1  new_JJ  conflict_NN  spread_VVD  to_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  devotion_NN  to_IO  light_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  tended_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  quite_RR  indifferent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  objects_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  post-impressionists_NNS  felt_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  impartiality_NN  was_VBDZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  limiting_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  held_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  painter's_NN1$  feelings_NNS  about_IO  a_AT1  scene_NN  that_PNQS should_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  light_NN  that_PNQS reflected_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  view_NN  they_PPHS2  permitted_VVD  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  exaggerate_VV0  any_DD  quality_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  exciting_JJ    they_PPHS2  claimed_VVD  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  distort_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  own_DA  feelings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  these_DD2  painters_NNS  finally_RR  abandoned_VVD  all_DB  attempt_NN  to_TO  compete_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  camera_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  their_APP$  back_NN  on_IO  realism_NN  and_CC  threw_VVD  overboard_RR  all_DB  their_APP$  time-honoured_JJ  traditions_NNS  .  
  many_DA  painters_NNS  still_RR  continued_VVD  to_TO  represent_VV0  nature_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  such_DA  painters_NNS  are_VBR  called_VBN  academic_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  in_RR  general_RR  they_PPHS2  keep_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  ideals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  academies_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  tended_VBN  to_TO  oppose_VV0  any_DD  new_JJ  movements_NNS  in_IO  painting_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  still_RR  have_VH0  many_DA  such_DA  academic_JJ  painters_NNS  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  continue_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  gradually_RR  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  is_VBZ  accepting_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  kind_NN    those_DD2  who_PNQS feel_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  painter's_NN1$  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  abandon_VV0  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  representing_VBG  nature_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  literal_JJ  ,_,  realistic_JJ  way_NN  and_CC  to_TO  explore_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  appearances_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  breaking_NN  away_RP  from_IO  accepted_JJ  standards_NNS  in_IO  painting_NN  has_VHZ  usually_RR  been_VBN  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  small_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  painters_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  shared_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  ideals_NNS  and_CC  given_VBN  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  encouragement_NN  and_CC  help_NN  .  
  these_DD2  groups_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  arisen_VBN  one_MC1  after_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  regarded_VBN  by_IO  most_DA  older_JJ  painters_NNS  as_IO  dangerous_JJ  rebels_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  outcasts_NNS  ,_,  excluded_VBN  from_IO  all_DB  established_JJ  groups_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  .  
  however_RR  as_CS  time_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  managed_VBN  to_TO  convert_VV0  many_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  fellow-artists_NNS  and_CC  finally_RR  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  then_RL  lost_VBN  their_APP$  novelty_NN  and_CC  no_RR  longer_RRR  appear_VV0  so_RG  shocking_JJ  and_CC  outrageous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  finally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  quite_RR  traditional_JJ  and_CC  old_JJ  fashioned_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  rebel_NN  painters_NNS  by_IO  then_RL  will_VM  have_VH0  grown_VBN  old_JJ  and_CC  their_APP$  style_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  sufficiently_RR  respectable_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  themselves_PPX2  elected_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  and_CC  other_DA  societies_NNS  which_DDQ  once_RR  rejected_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  then_RL  tend_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  to_TO  oppose_VV0  the_AT1  newer_JJ  groups_NNS  whose_PNQV$  ideas_NNS  and_CC  methods_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  modern_JJ  still_RR  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  old-established_JJ  art_NN  societies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  particularly_RR  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  constantly_RR  rejecting_VBG  and_CC  thwarting_VBG  new_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  rebels_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  into_IO  being_NN  one_MC1  after_IO  another_DD1  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  tended_VBN  to_TO  lessen_VV0  the_AT1  prestige_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  ,_,  first_RR  of_IO  many_DA  painters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  eventually_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  important_JJ  and_CC  has_VHZ  great_JJ  influence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  influence_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_CS  it_PPH1  once_RR  was_VBDZ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  various_JJ  groups_NNS  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  new_JJ  English_JJ  art_NN  club_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Camden_NP  Town_NNL1  group_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  London_NP  group_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  organised_VBN  exhibitions_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  vigorous_JJ  and_CC  exciting_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  academy_NN  itself_PPX1  and_CC  have_VH0  often_RR  attracted_VBN  more_DA  attention_NN  .  
  recently_RR  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  painters_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  have_VH0  become_VBN  associates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  and_CC  finally_RR  academicians_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  preferred_VBN  to_TO  remain_VV0  outside_RP  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_RG  advanced_JJ  and_CC  unorthodox_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  not_XX  to_TO  become_VV0  associated_VBN  with_IO  any_DD  society_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  old_JJ  fashioned_JJ  and_CC  hidebound_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  rather_RR  surprising_JJ  how_CS well_RR  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  has_VHZ  managed_VBN  to_TO  adjust_VV0  itself_PPX1  to_IO  changing_VBG  styles_NNS  and_CC  ideals_NNS  in_IO  art_NN  ,_,  considering_IO  how_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  organised_VBN  .  
  painters_NNS  ,_,  before_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  elected_VBN  as_IO  associates_NNS  or_CC  academicians_NNS  have_VH0  nearly_RR  always_RR  been_VBN  exhibiting_VBG  for_IO  some_DD  years_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  therefore_RR  no_RR  longer_RRR  young_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  \0A.R.A.'s_NNSB2  and_CC  \0R.A.'s_NNSB2  are_VBR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  middle-aged_JJ  or_CC  elderly_JJ  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  age_NN  people_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  become_VV0  somewhat_RR  set_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  ways_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  remarkable_JJ  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  royal_JJ  academy_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  remained_VBN  distinctly_RR  academic_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  have_VH0  shown_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  tolerance_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  art_NN  has_VHZ  grown_VBN  much_RR  smaller_JJ  .  
  rapid_JJ  communications_NNS  have_VH0  broken_VBN  down_RP  the_AT1  national_JJ  barriers_NNS  that_PNQS previously_RR  gave_VVD  painters_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  isolation_NN  .  
  art_NN  has_VHZ  thus_RR  become_VBN  much_RR  more_RG  international_JJ  .  
  Paris_NP  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  focus-point_NN  of_IO  change_NN  in_IO  art_NN  .  
  here_RL  the_AT1  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  have_VH0  mostly_RR  originated_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  spread_VBN  much_RR  more_RG  quickly_RR  than_CS  in_IO  previous_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  fifty_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO    isms_NNS    ,_,  following_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  quick_JJ  succession_NN    cubism_NN  ,_,  futurism_NN  ,_,  fauvism_NN  ,_,  surrealism_NN  and_CC  others_DA2  .  
  these_DD2  movements_NNS  have_VH0  mostly_RR  consisted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  exaggeration_NN  of_IO  some_DD  single_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  painting_NN    some_DD  factor_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stock-in-trade_NN  of_IO  painters_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD    and_CC  enlarging_VBG  this_DD1  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  by_IO  discarding_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  factors_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  this_DD1  then_RL  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1  sole_JB  interest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  painter_NN  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  instance_NN  ,_,  cubism_NN  consisted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  exaggeration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  geometric_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  natural_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  always_RR  been_VBN  painters_NNS  who_PNQS enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  squareness_NN  or_CC  roundness_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  tended_VBN  in_IO  consequence_NN  to_TO  exaggerate_VV0  the_AT1  squareness_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  elbow_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  cliff_NN  edge_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  roundness_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  forehead_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  hilltop_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  other_DA  aspects_NNS  of_IO  objects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Cubists_NP2  took_VVD  this_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  limit_NN  ,_,  reducing_VBG  every_AT1  form_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  simplest_JJT  ,_,  geometric_JJ  counterpart_NN    making_VBG  human_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  trees_NNS  ,_,  hills_NNS  and_CC  everything_PN1  else_RR  into_IO  arrangements_NNS  of_IO  cubes_NNS  ,_,  spheres_NNS  and_CC  cylinders_NNS  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  do_VD0  this_DD1  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  deny_VV0  themselves_PPX2  nearly_RR  every_AT1  quality_NN  other_DA  than_IO  geometric_JJ  forms_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  an_AT1    ism_NN    in_IO  art_NN  .  
  many_DA  British_JJ  painters_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  influenced_VBN  by_IO  cubism_NN  ,_,  among_IO  them_PPHO1  Wyndham_NP  Lewis_NP  ,_,  Paul_NP  Nash_NP  ,_,  Edward_NP  Wadsworth_NP  and_CC  William_NP  Roberts_NP  .  
  another_DD1  characteristic_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  times_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  repeated_JJ  turning_VBG  back_RP  for_IO  inspiration_NN  to_IO  early_JJ  or_CC  primitive_JJ  artistic_JJ  traditions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  home_NN1  sickness_NN  for_IO  simpler_JJ  ways_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  already_RR  ,_,  among_IO  the_AT1  pre-Raphaelites_NP2  for_IO  instance_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  this_DD1  feeling_NN  enters_VBZ  into_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  questing_NN  for_IO  new_JJ  purpose_NN  and_CC  aim_NN  in_IO  art_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  many_DA  painters_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  content_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  developing_VBG  new_JJ  variations_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  descriptive_JJ  painting_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  growing_JJ  number_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  become_VBN  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  this_DD1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  realistic_JJ  painting_NN  has_VHZ  run_VBN  its_APP$  course_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  road_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  thoroughly_RR  explored_VBN  and_CC  no_AT1  further_JB  progress_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  adventure_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  anticipation_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  discovery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  without_IO  this_DD1  a_AT1  painter's_NN1$  work_NN  becomes_VBZ  unbearable_JJ  drudgery_NN  .  
  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  improve_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  either_LE  give_VV0  up_RP  or_CC  go_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  start_VV0  again_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  route_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  just_RR  what_DDQ  many_DA  painters_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  doing_VBG  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  beat_VV0  the_AT1  camera_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  work_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  improve_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  realistic_JJ  painters_NNS  before_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  go_VV0  back_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  route_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  some_DD  side-track_NN  branching_VBG  off_RP  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  open_VV0  up_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  royal_JJ  road_NN  to_IO  new_JJ  achievements_NNS  and_CC  exciting_JJ  discoveries_NNS  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  modern_JJ  painters_NNS  have_VH0  often_RR  taken_VBN  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Greeks_NP2  or_CC  Mexicans_NP2  ,_,  or_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  recent_JJ  carvers_NNS  of_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  Fiji_NP  Islands_NPLS  as_IO  their_APP$  inspiration_NN  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  explorers_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  land_NN  will_VM  employ_VV0  local_JJ  guides_NNS  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  artists_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  fifty_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  painters_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  style_NN  for_IO  only_RR  about_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  six_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  in_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    western_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  this_DD1  academic_JJ  painting_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  recent_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  wonderful_JJ  episode_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  against_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  art_NN  history_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  one_MC1  short_JJ  act_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  performance_NN  ;_;  and_CC  while_CS  painters_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  perfecting_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  tradition_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  other_DA  artistic_JJ  traditions_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  past_JB  and_CC  present_JJ  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  very_RG  ignorant_JJ  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  alien_JJ  styles_NNS  were_VBDR  available_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  when_CS they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  beginning_NN  .  
  some_DD  artists_NNS  have_VH0  found_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  path_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  by_IO  abandoning_VBG  subject-matter_NN  entirely_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taken_VBN  this_DD1  much_RR  further_RRR  than_CS  Whistler_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  represent_VV0  nothing_PN1  in_IO  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  ,_,  employing_VBG  only_RR  purely_RR  abstract_JJ  shapes_NNS  .  
  Ben_NP  Nicholson_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  abstract_JJ  painters_NNS  .  
  many_DA  painters_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  quite_RR  recent_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  feel_VV0  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  out_RP  of_IO  tune_NN  with_IO  modern_JJ  society_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  world_NN  today_NN1  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  science_NN  and_CC  machines_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  no_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  art_NN    that_CS  everywhere_RR  a_AT1  falsely_RR  high_JJ  value_NN  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  material_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mind_NN  and_CC  spirit_NN  of_IO  man_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  neglected_VBN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  especially_RR  certain_JJ  groups_NNS  abroad_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  the_AT1  frustration_NN  and_CC  dissatisfaction_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  .  
  at_IO  times_NNS  such_DA  painters_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  satire_NN  of_IO  Hogarth_NP  and_CC  Rowlandson_NP  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  held_VBN  mankind_NN  up_RP  to_IO  derision_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  canvases_NNS  ,_,  depicting_VBG  humanity_NN  as_CS  distorted_VBN  by_IO  corruption_NN  and_CC  lunacy_NN  .  
  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  these_DD2  new_JJ  movements_NNS  have_VH0  mostly_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  existence_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  Britain_NP  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  seen_VBN  here_RL  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  modified_JJ  form_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  today_NN1  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  affected_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  recent_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  realism_NN  in_IO  painting_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  easier_JJ  because_CS  photography_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  relieved_VBN  painters_NNS  of_IO  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  previous_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  recording_VBG  facts_NNS  and_CC  portraying_VBG  people_NNS  and_CC  places_NNS  .  
  traditional_JJ  customs_NNS  .  
  Meistertrunk_&FW  (_(  Master_NNSB1  draught_NN  )_)  and_CC  shepherd's_NN1$  dance_NN  ,_,  Rothenburg-on-Tauber_NP  ,_,  Sundays_NN2  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  July_NN1  and_CC  August_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  Meistertrunk_&FW  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  popular_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  history_NN  plays_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  place_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  in_IO  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  picturesque_JJ  medieval_JJ  town_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  .  
    the_AT1  Master_NNSB1  draught_NN    is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  chronicled_JJ  events_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  thirty_MC  years'_NN2  war_NN  .  
  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1631_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  imperial_JJ  field_NN  marshal_NN  Tilly_NP  brought_VVD  his_APP$  troops_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  demanding_VBG  its_APP$  surrender_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  refused_VVD  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  give_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  conqueror_NN  decided_VVD  the_AT1  burgomaster_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  councilmen_NNS  should_VM  suffer_VV0  the_AT1  death_NN  penalty_NN  .  
  pleas_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  softened_VVD  Tilly's_PPIO2  heart_NN  somewhat_RR  .  
  but_CCB  good_JJ  wine_NN  did_VDD  more_DA  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  magnificent_JJ  state_NN  beaker_NN  he_PPHO1  stated_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  burgomaster_NN  or_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  could_VM  empty_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  one_MC1  draught_NN  all_DB  should_VM  live_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  city_NN  be_VB0  spared_VBN  .  
  burgomaster_NN  Nush_NP  undertook_VVD  the_AT1  task_NN  ,_,  and_CC  emptied_VVD  the_AT1  beaker_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  draught_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  saving_VBG  everyone_PN1  .  
  this_DD1  historical_JJ  beaker_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  used_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  epic_JJ  story_NN  is_VBZ  re-enacted_VBN  to-day_NN1  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  scene_NN  is_VBZ  but_II  one_MC1  in_IO  a_AT1  play_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  actors_NNS  wear_VV0  period_JB  costumes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  entire_JB  town_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  troop_NN  encampment_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  walls_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  children's_NN2  plea_NN  with_IO  Tilly_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  square_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  of_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  play_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  historical_JJ  shepherds'_NN2  dance_NN  is_VBZ  performed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  square_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  danced_VBN  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Wolfgang_NP  ,_,  patron-saint_NN  of_IO  shepherds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  commemorates_VBZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shepherds'_NN2  guild_NN  who_PNQS made_VVD  a_AT1  race_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  pastures_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  warning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  approach_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  enemy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  troop_NN  encampment_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  walls_NNS  lasts_VBZ  until_CS  late_RR  ,_,  when_CS camp_NN  fires_NNS  and_CC  torch-light_NN  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  on_IO  certain_JJ  evenings_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  ,_,  Hans_NP  Sachs_NP  plays_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  hall_NN  .  
  Kinderzeche_&FW  (_(  children's_NN2  feast_NN  )_)  ,_,  Dinkelsbu"hl_NP  ,_,  July_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  medieval_JJ  town_NN  ,_,  not_XX  far_RR  from_IO  Rothenburg_NP  ,_,  also_RR  re-enacts_VBZ  an_AT1  episode_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  thirty_MC  years'_NN2  war_NN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  Swedish_JJ  colonel_NN  came_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  troops_NNS  to_TO  conquer_VV0  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  burghers_NNS  were_VBDR  split_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  attitude_NN  .  
  in_IO  perplexity_NN  the_AT1  city_NN  fathers_NNS  tried_VVD  vainly_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  solution_NN  .  
  ruin_NN  and_CC  destruction_NN  seemed_VVD  inevitable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  that_CS  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  young_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  named_VBN  Lore_NP  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  crowd_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  offered_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  and_CC  to_TO  beg_VV0  pity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  but_CCB  before_CS  the_AT1  plan_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  the_AT1  Swedish_JJ  troops_NNS  had_VHD  entered_VBN  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  ready_JJ  to_TO  destroy_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  song_NN  of_IO  children's_NN2  voices_NNS  sounded_VVD  from_IO  afar_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  Lore_NP  appeared_VVD  with_IO  her_APP$  young_JJ  band_NN  .  
  fearlessly_RR  she_PPHO1  faced_VVD  the_AT1  conqueror_NN  ,_,  knelt_VVD  and_CC  begged_VVD  his_APP$  mercy_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  colonel's_NN1$  heart_NN  softened_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Dinkelsbu"hl_NP  was_VBDZ  saved_VBN  from_IO  destruction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Kinderzeche_&FW  festival_NN  is_VBZ  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  a_AT1  children's_NN2  event_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  usually_RR  begins_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  Saturday_NN1  before_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  Monday_NN1  in_IO  July_NN1  with_IO  beer_NN  sampling_NN  on_IO  the_AT1    shooting_JJ  meadows_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  the_AT1  boys'_NN2  band_NN  marches_VBZ  through_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  in_IO  historical_JJ  costumes_NNS  ,_,  playing_VBG  lustily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  festival_NN  play_NN  is_VBZ  performed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  market_NN  hall_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  period_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  entire_JB  town_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  great_JJ  festival_NN  ground_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  processions_NNS  ,_,  children's_NN2  dances_NNS  ,_,  concerts_NNS  ,_,  guild_NN  and_CC  sword_NN  dances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  entertainments_NNS  .  
  Hamelin_NP  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  familiar_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   through_IO  the_AT1  legend_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rattenfa"nger_&FW  (_(  rat-catcher_NN  )_)  ,_,  related_VBN  in_IO  Browning's_PPIO2  poem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  event_NN  is_VBZ  celebrated_VBN  each_DD1  Sunday_NN1  in_IO  summer_NN  when_CS the_AT1  story_NN  is_VBZ  re-enacted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  piper_NN  and_CC  boys_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  disguised_VBN  as_IO  mice_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  modern_JJ  research_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  discredit_VV0  the_AT1  legend_NN  ,_,  claiming_VBG  that_DD1  what_DDQ  really_RR  happened_VVD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  visit_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  labour_NN  agent_NN  who_PNQS attracted_VVD  many_DA  local_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  away_RP  to_IO  Bohemia_NP  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  wages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  princely_JJ  wedding_NN  ,_,  Landshut_NP  ,_,  every_AT1  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  (_(  usually_RR  on_IO  three_MC  Sundays_NN2  in_IO  June_NN1  and_CC  July_NN1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  colourful_JJ  events_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  re-enactment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gorgeous_JJ  wedding_NN  which_DDQ  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  1745_MC  when_CS Ludwig_NP  the_AT1  rich_JJ  married_VVD  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  Duke_NNSB1  George_NP  ,_,  to_IO  Hedwiga_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  house_NN  of_IO  Poland_NP  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  festive_JJ  procession_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  houses_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  medieval_JJ  town_NN  are_VBR  beautifully_RR  decorated_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nearly_RR  a_AT1  thousand_MC    burghers_NNS  ,_,    dressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  costumes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  ,_,  strut_VV0  around_RP  and_CC  bring_VV0  those_DD2  opulent_JJ  days_NNS  back_RP  to_IO  life_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  while_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  say_VV0    opulent_JJ  ,_,    for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  officially_RR  recorded_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  feasting_NN  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  the_AT1  actual_JJ  wedding_NN  ,_,  333_MC  oxen_NNS  ,_,  275_MC  fat_JJ  pigs_NNS  ,_,  40_MC  calves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  12,000_MC  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  eaten_VBN  .  
  Tanzel-Festival_&FW  ,_,  Kaufbeuren_NP  ,_,  July_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  outstanding_JJ  costume_NN  festival_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  town_NN  lying_VBG  between_IO  Augsburg_NP  and_CC  Fu"ssen_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  celebrates_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  custom_NN  dating_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  1497_MC  ,_,  and_CC  begins_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  enactment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  historic_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  burgomaster_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  councillors_NNS  receives_VBZ  King_NNSB1  Conradin_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  on_IO  horseback_NN  and_CC  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  knights_NNS  and_CC  bishops_NNS  ,_,  appears_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  .  
  the_AT1  festival's_NN1$  climax_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  procession_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  with_IO  heralds_NNS  ,_,  flower-girls_NNS  ,_,  drummers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  ladies_NNS  ,_,  lansquenets_NNS  in_IO  plus-fours_NNS  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  guilds_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  state_NN  carriages_NNS  ,_,  among_IO  them_PPHO1  weavers_NNS  ,_,  brewers_NNS  ,_,  tanners_NNS  and_CC  blacksmiths_NNS  .  
  archers_NNS  appear_VV0  ,_,  flag-wavers_NNS  ,_,  medievally-clad_JJ  soldiers_NNS  and_CC  yellow_JJ  mail_NN  coaches_NNS  with_IO  postillions_NNS  industriously_RR  blowing_VBG  their_APP$  horns_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  bands_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  beautiful_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  festival_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  800_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  dressed_VBN  in_IO  historic_JJ  costumes_NNS  .  
  anno_NN  1634_MC  ,_,  No"rdlingen_NP  ,_,  during_IO  summer_NN  months_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  southerly_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  medieval_JJ  towns_NNS  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1    romantic_JJ  road_NN  ,_,    and_CC  it_PPH1  still_RR  retains_VBZ  its_APP$  fortress_NN  wall_NN  with_IO  18_MC  towers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Daniel_NP  Tower_NNL1  of_IO  its_APP$  fine_JJ  \0St_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  Church_NNL1  still_RR  sees_VBZ  a_AT1  unique_JJ  nightly_JJ  ceremony_NN  ,_,  for_CS  at_IO  nine_MC  each_DD1  night_NN  a_AT1  watchman_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  summit_NN  cries_NNS  to_IO  another_DD1  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS    all_DB  's_VBZ  well_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  play_NN  re-enacts_VBZ  various_JJ  events_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  thirty_MC  years'_NN2  war_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  dances_NNS  in_IO  period_JB  costumes_NNS  ,_,  concerts_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  entertainments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  town's_NN1$  populace_NN  form_VV0  the_AT1  cast_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  streets_NNS  offer_VV0  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  picture_NN  ,_,  resembling_VBG  indeed_RR  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  master's_NN1$  painting_NN  .  
  spearing_VBG  the_AT1  dragon_NN  ,_,  Fu"rth-im-Wald_NP  .  
  for_IO  500_MC  years_NNS  this_DD1  town_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bayerischer_NP  Wald_NNL1  has_VHZ  performed_VBN  an_AT1  exciting_JJ  open-air_JB  play_NN  (_(  every_AT1  second_MD  Sunday_NN1  in_IO  August_NN1  )_)  ,_,  called_VBN    Drachenstich_&FW    (_(  spearing_VBG  the_AT1  dragon_NN  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  ,_,  obviously_RR  ,_,  on_IO  some_DD  pagan_JJ  legend_NN  .  
  performed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  square_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  play_NN  has_VHZ  as_IO  its_APP$  climax_NN  the_AT1  killing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dragon_NN  (_(  50_MC  \0ft_NNU  long_JJ  ,_,  10_MC  \0ft_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  weighing_VBG  over_RR  a_AT1  ton_NN  )_)  by_IO  a_AT1  knight_NN  on_IO  horseback_NN  who_PNQS pierces_VBZ  the_AT1  monster's_NN1$  head_NN  by_IO  thrusting_VBG  his_APP$  spear_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  through_IO  the_AT1  throat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hero_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  careful_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  miss_VV0  a_AT1  pig's_NN1$  bladder_NN  filled_VBN  with_IO  ox_NN  blood_NN  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  animal_NN  can_VM  spout_VV0  blood_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dragon_NN  looks_VBZ  comically_RR  gruesome_JJ  when_CS it_PPH1  spouts_VBZ  fire_NN  ,_,  rolls_VBZ  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  ,_,  shows_VBZ  its_APP$  giant_JB  teeth_NNS  ,_,  wiggles_VBZ  its_APP$  large_JJ  blood-red_JJ  tongue_NN  and_CC  twists_VBZ  its_APP$  huge_JJ  body_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  Drachenstich_&FW  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  go_VV0  merrymaking_NN  and_CC  various_JJ  festivities_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  grand_JJ  procession_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  .  
  Fu"rth-im-Wald_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  scene_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Leonhardi_NP  ride_NN    a_AT1  religious_JJ  festival_NN  really_RR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  place_NN  on_IO  Easter_NP  Monday_NN1  .  
  other_DA  Leonhardi_NP  rides_NNS  in_IO  Bavaria_NP  are_VBR  usually_RR  held_VBN  on_IO  November_NN1  6th_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  saint's_NN1$  day_NN  .  
  Trenck_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Pandur_NP  ,_,  Waldmu"nchen_NP  (_(  July_NN1  to_IO  August_NN1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  open-air_JB  play_NN  performed_VBN  after_IO  dark_NN  is_VBZ  notable_JJ  for_IO  its_APP$  excellent_JJ  artistic_JJ  management_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  highly_RR  realistic_JJ  acting_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  players_NNS  are_VBR  many_DA  direct_JJ  descendants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  they_PPHS2  represent_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  is_VBZ  about_IO  the_AT1  capture_NN  ,_,  sack_NN  and_CC  burning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  notorious_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  Hungarian_JJ  Pandur_NP  bands_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1742_MC  .  
  the_AT1  nightly_JJ  troop_NN  encampment_NN  scenes_NNS  ,_,  wild_JJ  riding_NN  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  the_AT1  storming_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  with_IO  scaling_VBG  ladders_NNS  ,_,  torches_NNS  and_CC  burning_JJ  pitch_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  exciting_JJ  and_CC  exceedingly_RR  well_RR  done_VBN  .  
  Ulmer_&FW  Fischerstechen_&FW  ,_,  Ulm_NP  ,_,  first_MD  Monday_NN1  in_IO  August_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  .  
  according_IO  to_II  old_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  two_MC  boats_NNS  approach_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  participants_NNS  in_IO  old_JJ  costumes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  and_CC  joust_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  with_IO  lances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1    sport_NN    was_VBDZ  already_RR  popular_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  century_NN  when_CS Kaiser_NNSB1  Karl_NP  5_MC  and_CC  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  later_RRR  King_NNSB1  Philip_NP  2_MC  of_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  allowed_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  1549_MC  .  
  this_DD1  Turnier_&FW  auf_&FW  dem_&FW  Wasser_&FW  (_(  tournament_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  played_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Ulm_NP  days_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  free_JJ  city_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  game_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  between_IO  youngsters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fishermen's_NN2  guild_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  today_NN1  performed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  pageant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  also_RR  popular_JJ  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  potters'_NN2  festival_NN  ,_,  Passau_NP  ,_,  first_MD  Saturday_NN1  in_IO  August_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  products_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  potters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Ilz_NP  section_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  three-river_JB  city_NN  have_VH0  long_RR  been_VBN  famous_JJ  .  
  although_CS  their_APP$  great_JJ  boom_NN  period_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  Ilz_NP    Haferl_&FW  festival_NN    (_(  pottery_NN  festival_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  still_RR  celebrated_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  in_IO  town_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  moated_JJ  castle_NN  ,_,  Niederhaus_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  specially_RR  illuminated_VBN  ,_,  dance_NN  music_NN  is_VBZ  played_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  open-air_JB  performances_NNS  ,_,  water_NN  games_NNS  ,_,  boat_NN  racing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  pageant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  climax_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  illumination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  Oberhaus_NP  fortress_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  Passau_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  fireworks_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  one_MC1  seems_VBZ  wafted_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  night_NN  in_IO  Venice_NP  .  
  folk_JB  festival_NN  ,_,  Nuremburg_NP  ,_,  usually_RR  in_IO  August_NN1  .  
  founded_VBN  in_IO  1826_MC  ,_,  this_DD1  festival_NN  is_VBZ  rather_RR  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  better-known_JJ  Oktoberfest_&FW  of_IO  Munich_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  the_AT1  great_JJ  beer_NN  tents_NNS  ,_,  representative_JJ  shows_NNS  ,_,  entertainments_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  attractions_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  Friday_NN1  before_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  festival_NN  Sunday_NN1  the_AT1  chief_JB  burgomaster_NN  empties_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD    mass_NN    (_(  about_RR  one_MC1  quart_NN  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  grand_JJ  beer_NN  sampling_NN  ceremony_NN  .  
  crowds_NNS  pour_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  Bavarian_JJ  towns_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  joyous_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  wit_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  humour_NN    two_MC  strong_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  .  
  teenagers'_NN2  festival_NN  ,_,  Worms_NP  ,_,  first_MD  week_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  amusing_JJ  festivals_NNS  in_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  events_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  historical_JJ  coachmen's_NN2  dance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  hilarious_JJ  fishermen's_NN2  jousting_NN  tournament_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  ,_,  fought_VBN  from_IO  small_JJ  boats_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  parade_NN  of_IO  illuminated_JJ  vessels_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  giant_JB  firework_NN  display_NN  .  
  huge_JJ  wine_NN  and_CC  beer_NN  tents_NNS  ,_,  holding_VBG  thousands_MC2  of_IO  visitors_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  numerous_JJ  booths_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  fair_JJ  grounds_NNS  beside_IO  the_AT1  river's_NN1$  bank_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Tura_&FW  Michele_&FW  ,_,  Augsburg_&FW  .  
  since_IO  1526_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  representing_VBG  the_AT1  archangel_NN  Michael_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  devil_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  understructure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Perlach_NP  Tower_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  hall_NN  .  
  on_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Michael's_PPIO2  day_NN  ,_,  September_NN1  29th_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  angel_NN  appears_VBZ  every_AT1  hour_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  each_DD1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  stabs_VBZ  the_AT1  struggling_JJ  devil_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  the_AT1  historical_JJ  figure_NN  was_VBDZ  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  is_VBZ  now_RL  carrying_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  old_JJ  custom_NN  .  
  every_AT1  year_NN  a_AT1  fair_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  so-called_JB    Tura_&FW  Michele_&FW    is_VBZ  visited_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  tourists_NNS  .  
  driving_VBG  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  home_NN1  ,_,  Bavarian_JJ  Alps_NP2  .  
  according_IO  to_II  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  custom_NN  the_AT1  Almabtrieb_&FW    driving_VBG  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  home_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS    is_VBZ  the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  autumn_NN  festival_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  Alps_NP2  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  festive_JJ  procession_NN  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  ,_,  wreathed_VBN  and_CC  garlanded_VBN  ,_,  stamp_VV0  down_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dairy_NN  maid_NN  out_IO  front_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  shepherd_NN  boy_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  herd_NN  .  
  particularly_RR  pretty_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  driving-down_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cows_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  pastures_NNS  above_IO  Lake_NNL1  Ko"nigssee_NP  near_IO  Berchtesgaden_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  cattle_NNS  are_VBR  carried_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  by_IO  boat_NN  .  
  traditional_JJ  costume_NN  festivals_NNS  ,_,  southern_JJ  Bavaria_NP  .  
  the_AT1    union_NN  of_IO  Bavarian_JJ  costume_NN  clubs_NNS    comprises_VBZ  some_DD  650_MC  clubs_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  70,000_MC  members_NNS  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  especially_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  months_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  clubs_NNS  hold_VV0  costume_NN  festivals_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  examples_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  annual_JJ  pageant_NN  in_IO  Munich_NP  in_IO  October_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  beautiful_JJ  native_JJ  costumes_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  are_VBR  on_IO  parade_NN  there_RL  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  accompaniment_NN  of_IO  bands_NNS  ,_,  also_RR  in_IO  native_JJ  garb_NN  .  
  these_DD2  costume_NN  days_NNS  and_CC  festivals_NNS  are_VBR  real_JJ  folk_JB  events_NNS  ,_,  complete_JJ  with_IO  field_NN  mass_NN  ,_,  extended_JJ  processions_NNS  ,_,  honour_NN  dances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  music_NN  band_NN  contests_NNS  .  
  Leonhardi-ride_NN  ,_,  Bad_NP  To"lz_NP  .  
  November_NN1  6th_MD  is_VBZ  the_AT1  name-day_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Leonhard_NP  ,_,  patron_NN  saint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  horses_NNS  .  
  in_IO  old_JJ  Bavaria_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  observed_VBN  for_IO  centuries_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  peasants'_NN2    Leonhardi_NP  ride_NN    to_IO  church_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  well-groomed_JJ  ,_,  beautifully_RR  harnessed_JJ  horses_NNS  draw_VV0  richly_RR  decorated_JJ  wagons_NNS  .  
  while_CS  many_DA  villages_NNS  have_VH0  clung_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  ancient_JJ  custom_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  Leonhardi_NP  ride_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  so_RG  famous_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  To"lz_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Isar_NP  river_NN  bend_NN  .  
  the_AT1  preparations_NNS  take_VV0  weeks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  distant_JJ  farmsteads_NNS  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  to_IO  Kalvarien_NP  (_(  Calvary_NP  )_)  Mountain_NNL1  at_IO  To"lz_NP  ,_,  high_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  Isar_NP  .  
  editing_VBG  in_IO  Eskimo_NN1  .  
  by_IO  Francis_NP  Dickie_NP  .  
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_NN1  ,_,  scattered_VBN  across_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  million_MC  square_JJ  miles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  seaboard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Bering_NP  Sea_NNL1  on_IO  the_AT1  Pacific_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  primitive_JJ  race_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  Canada's_PPIO2  department_NN  of_IO  northern_JJ  affairs_NNS  is_VBZ  publishing_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  magazine_NN  entirely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  tongue_NN  ever_RR  produced_VBN  .  
  remembering_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  fifty_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  a_AT1  syllabic_JJ  written_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  language_NN  was_VBDZ  created_VBN  by_IO  missionaries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  production_NN  now_RL  of_IO  an_AT1  all-Eskimo_JJ  magazine_NN  ,_,  in_IO  two_MC  separate_JJ  dialects_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  truly_RR  an_AT1  amazing_JJ  step_NN  forward_RR  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  ,_,  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_NN1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  stone-age_JB  people_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  different_JJ  tribes_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  widely_RR  scattered_VBN  over_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  territory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  constantly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  sea_NN  and_CC  land_NN  animals_NNS  and_CC  fish_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  the_AT1  missionary's_NN1$  teaching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  syllabics_NNS  slower_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  first_MD  magazine_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  triumph_NN  :_:  until_IO  its_APP$  appearance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  syllabics_NNS  was_VBDZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  letters_NNS  ,_,  brief_JJ  messages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Bible_NP  .  
  in_IO  future_NN  ,_,  across_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  reaches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  ,_,  almost_RR  the_AT1  entire_JB  population_NN  will_VM  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  their_APP$  language_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  magazine_NN  .  
  Canada's_PPIO2  first_MD  Eskimo_JJ  magazine_NN  editor_NN  is_VBZ  Mary_NP  Panegoosho_NP  ,_,  born_VBN  at_IO  Pond_NNL1  Inlet_NNL1  in_IO  1939_MC  .  
  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  of_IO  nine_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  three_MC  brothers_NNS  and_CC  five_MC  sisters_NNS  .  
  Mary_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  nurse's_NN1$  assistant_NN  at_IO  Hamilton_NP  ,_,  Ontario_NP  ,_,  Mountain_NNL1  Sanatorium_NNL1  at_IO  fifteen_MC  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  northern_JJ  affairs_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  three_MC  months_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  magazine_NN  she_PPHO1  edits_VBZ  is_VBZ  published_VBN  in_IO  three_MC  editions_NNS  :_:    Inuktitut_&FW    in_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  Arctic_NP  dialect_NN  and_CC  in_IO  syllabics_NNS  ,_,    Inuktitun_&FW    in_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Arctic_NP  dialect_NN  in_IO  Roman_JJ  characters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  third_MD  edition_NN  in_IO  English_NN1  .  
  both_DB2  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  mean_VV0    the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  way_NN  .    
  the_AT1  first_MD  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN  was_VBDZ  greeted_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Eskimos_NP2  .  
  reluctant_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  always_RR  are_VBR  to_TO  show_VV0  even_RR  their_APP$  best_JJT  work_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  carving_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  gratifying_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  contributions_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  in_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  issue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  editorial_JJ  team_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  Eskimo_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eskimology_NN1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  welfare_NN  service_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  copies_NNS  printed_VBN  in_IO  Eskimo_NN1  is_VBZ  three_MC  thousand_MC  five_MC  hundred_MC    one_MC1  for_IO  each_DD1  Eskimo_JJ  family_NN  .  
  about_RR  two_MC  thousand_MC  are_VBR  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  Arctic_NP  dialect_NN  ,_,  fifteen_MC  hundred_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  circulation_NN  figures_NNS  are_VBR  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  fixed_VBN  and_CC  may_VM  only_RR  increase_VV0  slowly_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  population_NN  itself_PPX1  grows_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  functions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eskimology_NN1  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  section's_NN1$  primary_JJ  concern_NN  is_VBZ  assisting_VBG  the_AT1  welfare_NN  programme_NN  and_CC  providing_VBG  consultative_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  translating_VBG  letters_NNS  from_IO  Eskimos_NP2  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  functions_NNS  will_VM  allow_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  magazine_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  every_AT1  four_MC  months_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_NN1  scarcely_RR  knew_VVD  of_IO  any_DD  written_JJ  language_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edmund_NP  \0J_NP  Peck_NP  ,_,  \0D.D_NNSB1  ,_,  an_AT1  Anglican_JJ  missionary_NN  ,_,  adapted_VVD  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  syllabics_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  tongue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  syllabic_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  sounds_NNS  are_VBR  represented_VBN  by_IO  little_JJ  hooks_NNS  and_CC  crooks_NNS  resembling_VBG  shorthand_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  first_RR  devised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  James_NP  Evans_NP  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  for_IO  use_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Cree_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  typewriter_NN  used_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Remington_NP  Rand_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  looks_VBZ  like_IO  any_DD  other_DA  typewriter_NN  except_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  with_IO  syllabic_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  letters_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  about_RR  ten_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Leo_NP  Manning_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  linguist_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  department_NN  .  
  besides_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  keys_NNS  for_IO  shift_NN  and_CC  lock_NN  ,_,  back_JB  spacing_NN  ,_,  margin_NN  release_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  forty-six_MC  keys_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN  includes_VBZ  an_AT1  Eskimo's_NNP$  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year's_NN1$  goodwill_NN  mission_NN  to_IO  Greenland_NP  ,_,  some_DD  Eskimo_JJ  folk-tales_NNS  sent_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  people_NNS  from_IO  Igloolik_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hunting_NN  adventure_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sanatorium_NN  patient_NN  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  and_CC  numerous_JJ  other_DA  articles_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  children's_NN2  page_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  excellent_JJ  illustrations_NNS  drawn_VBN  by_IO  Eskimos_NP2  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  magazine's_NN1$  editor_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Mary_NP  Panegoosho_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS also_RR  designed_VVD  the_AT1  cover_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  slight_JJ  defect_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  syllabic_JJ  system_NN  so_RG  long_RR  in_IO  use_NN  in_IO  Canada_NP  :_:  that_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Eskimos_NP2  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  only_DA  ones_CD1S  who_PNQS use_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  prevents_VBZ  them_PPHO1  at_IO  present_NN  from_IO  sharing_VBG  in_IO  reading_VBG  the_AT1  literature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  race_NN  from_IO  Greenland_NP  and_CC  Labrador_NP  because_CS  in_IO  those_DD2  lands_NNS  this_DD1  syllabic_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  used_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  development_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  written_JJ  tongue_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  being_VBG  considered_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  which_DDQ  all_DB  Eskimo_NP2  ,_,  including_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  Greenland_NP  and_CC  Labrador_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS use_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  writing_NN  ,_,  could_VM  read_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  literature_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  first_MD  Canadian_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  magazine_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  accomplishment_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  continuing_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  northern_JJ  affairs_NNS  is_VBZ  sparing_VBG  no_AT1  effort_NN  or_CC  expense_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  by_IO  airplane_NN  ,_,  boat_NN  and_CC  dog-team_NN  ,_,  across_IO  a_AT1  half_DB  million_MC  square_JJ  miles_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  quarterly_NN  reaches_VBZ  3,500_MC  non-paying_JB  subscribers_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  seven_MC  months_NNS  winter_NN    the_AT1  most_RG  widely_RR  scattered_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ever_RR  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  modern_JJ  magazine_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  tongue_NN  !_!  
  Eskimo_JJ  arts_NNS  and_CC  crafts_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Dawn_NP  MacLeod_NP  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  ever_RR  wondered_VBN  how_CS Eskimos_NP2  pass_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  during_IO  their_APP$  long_JJ  Arctic_NP  winter_NN  night_NN  .  
  as_IO  children_NNS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  told_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  women_NNS  sewed_VVD  skins_NNS  together_RR  for_IO  clothing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  made_VVD  or_CC  repaired_VVD  dog-traces_NNS  and_CC  fishing_NN  tackle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  ate_VVD  ,_,  slept_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  played_VVD  what_DDQ  games_NNS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  in_IO  the_AT1  confined_JJ  space_NN  inside_IO  their_APP$  ice-hut_NN  or_CC  igloo_NN  .  
  but_CCB  since_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  Canada_NP  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  discovered_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Eskimo_NN1  does_VBZ  not_XX  spend_VV0  all_DB  his_APP$  time_NN  in_IO  utilitarian_JJ  pursuits_NNS  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  Eskimos_NP2  there_EX  are_VBR  sculptors_NNS  and_CC  artists_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  taste_NN  and_CC  skill_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS take_VV0  delight_NN  in_IO  creating_VBG  things_NNS  of_IO  beauty_NN  .  
  their_APP$  small_JJ  stone_NN  carvings_NNS  ,_,  carefully_RR  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  soft_JJ  skin_NN  for_IO  safe_JJ  storage_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  brought_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  handed_VBN  round_RP  when_CS friends_NNS  visit_VV0  them_PPHO1  ;_;  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  adorn_VV0  the_AT1  walls_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  recently_RR  formed_JJ  department_NN  of_IO  northern_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  a_AT1  fatherly_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  nine_MC  or_CC  ten_MC  thousand_MC  Eskimos_NP2  living_VBG  on_IO  Canadian_JJ  territory_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  organising_VBG  exhibitions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  cities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  scheme_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  set_VBN  up_RP  under_IO  which_DDQ  supplies_NNS  for_IO  sale_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  are_VBR  being_VBG  made_VBN  available_JJ  to_IO  selected_JJ  shops_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  little_JJ  carving_NN  in_IO  stone_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  and_CC  child_NN  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  by_IO  \0H.M_NP  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  during_IO  her_APP$  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dominion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS carved_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  Munamee_NP  of_IO  Baffin_NP  Island_NNL1  ,_,  takes_VBZ  immense_JJ  pride_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  work_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  to_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  Eskimo_NN1  never_RR  duplicates_VBZ  his_APP$  figures_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  other_DA  examples_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  artist's_NN1$  skill_NN  are_VBR  being_VBG  snapped_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  tourists_NNS  and_CC  collectors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  crafts_NNS  of_IO  Eskimos_NP2  are_VBR  stone_NN  carving_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  leather_NN  applique*?2_NN  work_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  basketry_NN  in_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  Arctic_NP  where_CS coarse_JJ  grasses_NNS  grow_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  in_IO  technique_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  coiled_JJ  basket-work_NN  made_VBN  popular_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  Navaho_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  carving_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  figures_NNS  and_CC  animals_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  men_NNS  probably_RR  developed_VVD  from_IO  their_APP$  formerly_RR  essential_JJ  skill_NN  in_IO  whittling_VBG  down_RP  stone_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  adzes_NNS  ,_,  reamers_NNS  and_CC  crude_JJ  saws_NNS    the_AT1  only_DA  tools_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  until_CS  white_JJ  traders_NNS  brought_VVD  steel_NN  and_CC  other_DA  metals_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  regions_NNS  .  
  leather_NN  applique*?2_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  originally_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  purely_RR  functional_JJ  application_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  bands_NNS  of_IO  sealskin_NN  in_IO  contrasting_VBG  tones_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  garments_NNS  at_IO  points_NNS  of_IO  greatest_JJT  wear_NN  .  
  gradually_RR  these_DD2  applique*?2_NN  clothes_NNS  developed_VVD  into_IO  things_NNS  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  wife_NN  could_VM  earn_VV0  respect_NN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  and_CC  her_APP$  family_NN  by_IO  outstanding_JJ  skill_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  craft_NN  .  
  Eskimo_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  men_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  now_RL  found_VBN  time_NN  to_TO  fashion_VV0  things_NNS  solely_RR  for_IO  pleasure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  art_NN  takes_VBZ  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  applique*?2_NN  skin_NN  pictures_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  are_VBR  rich_JJ  in_IO  invention_NN  and_CC  full_JJ  of_IO  action_NN  .  
  the_AT1  designs_NNS    mostly_RR  human_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  dog_NN  teams_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  wild_JJ  creatures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP    are_VBR  visualised_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  cut_VBN  out_RP  direct_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  skin_NN  without_IO  any_DD  preliminary_JJ  drawing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  usually_RR  in_IO  dark-toned_JJ  leather_NN  sewn_VBN  to_IO  backgrounds_NNS  of_IO  bleached_JJ  caribou_NN  hide_NN  or_CC  sealskin_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  shapes_NNS  of_IO  tools_NNS  in_IO  daily_JJ  use_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  are_VBR  employed_VBN  as_IO  motifs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  designs_NNS  have_VH0  some_DD  magical_JJ  significance_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  artists_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  every_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  their_APP$  secrets_NNS  inviolate_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  choose_VV0  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  disposed_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  conceptions_NNS  .  
  possibly_RR  some_DD  of_IO  us_PPIO2   would_VM  be_VB0  equally_RR  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  an_AT1  audience_NN  of_IO  Eskimos_NP2  just_RR  why_CS we_PPIS2  throw_VV0  a_AT1  pinch_NN  of_IO  spilled_JJ  salt_NN  over_IO  our_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  or_CC  take_VV0  care_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  walking_VBG  under_IO  a_AT1  ladder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latest_JJT  developments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo_NN1  have_VH0  come_VBN  ,_,  oddly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  Japan_NP  .  
  a_AT1  Canadian_JJ  artist_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  northern_JJ  affairs_NNS  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  east_NN1  to_TO  study_VV0  the_AT1  Japanese_JJ  technique_NN  of_IO  colour-printing_NN  from_IO  wood_NN  blocks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  craft_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  adapted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo's_NNP$  natural_JJ  material_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  fairly_RR  soft_JJ  talcs_NNS  ,_,  grey-green_JJ  waxy_JJ  steatite_NN  or_CC    soap-stone_NN  ,_,    and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  locally_RR  known_VBN  as_IO    pipe-stone_NN    :_:  the_AT1  latter_DA  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  confused_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  russet-coloured_JJ  Missouri_NP  clay_NN  ,_,  catlinite_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  Indian_NN1  for_IO  his_APP$  sacred_JJ  pipe_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  artist_NN  returned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  base_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Cape_NNL1  Dorset_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  coast_NN  of_IO  Baffin_NP  Island_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  demonstrated_VVD  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Japanese_JJ  wood-block_NN  printers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  immediately_RR  these_DD2  were_VBDR  seized_VBN  upon_IO  by_IO  delighted_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  craftsmen_NNS  and_CC  adapted_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  material_NN  and_CC  ideas_NNS  .  
  bold_JJ  designs_NNS  of_IO  birds_NNS  and_CC  beasts_NNS  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  on_IO  stone_NN  blocks_NNS  and_CC  printed_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  colours_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  rice-paper_NN  brought_VBN  from_IO  Japan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  leather_NN  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  was_VBDZ  also_RR  brought_VBN  into_IO  use_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  printing_VBG  :_:  the_AT1  skins_NNS  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  stencils_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  paint_NN  or_CC  ink_NN  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  apertures_NNS  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  sheet_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  usual_JJ  Eskimo_JJ  pigments_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  colours_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  consist_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  rich_JJ  black_NN  made_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  glutinous_JJ  residue_NN  found_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  seal-oil_NN  lamps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  brownish-red_NN  obtained_VBN  from_IO  local_JJ  deposits_NNS  of_IO  iron_NN  rust_NN  .  
  both_DB2  pigments_NNS  are_VBR  reduced_VBN  with_IO  seal_NN  oil_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  brushing_NN  consistency_NN  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  print-makers_NNS  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  palette_NN  ,_,  other_DA  paints_NNS  have_VH0  now_RL  been_VBN  imported_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  artists_NNS  are_VBR  enjoying_VBG  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  blue_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  history_NN  .  
  one_MC1  famous_JJ  craftsman_NN  and_CC  hunter_NN  ,_,  Niviaksiak_NP  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  stencilled_JJ  design_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  polar_JJ  bear_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  cub_NN  emerging_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  steely-blue_JJ  hole_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ice_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  this_DD1  gifted_JJ  artist_NN  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  while_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  seal-hunt_NN  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Eskimos_NP2  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  crofter_NN  folk_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Hebridean_JJ  islands_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  content_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  entirely_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  produce_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  land_NN  and_CC  sea_NN  .  
  Hudson_NP  Bay_NNL1  posts_NNS  carry_VV0  stocks_NNS  of_IO  manufactured_JJ  goods_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  families_NNS  find_VV0  highly_RR  desirable_JJ    such_IO  as_II  woollen_JJ  duffle_NN  cloth_NN  for_IO  light_JJ  summer_NN  clothing_NN  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavier_JJ  skin_NN  garments_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  hitherto_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  produce_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  trade_VV0  for_IO  goods_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  white_JJ  fox_NN  pelt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  catch_NN  fluctuates_VBZ  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extent_NN    from_IO  4,000_MC  skins_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  season_NN  to_IO  200_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  one_MC1    that_CS  the_AT1  income_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  source_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  precarious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  scheme_NN  to_TO  export_VV0  and_CC  sell_VV0  Eskimo_JJ  carvings_NNS  and_CC  prints_NNS  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  of_IO  some_DD  importance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  it_PPH1  affects_VBZ  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  small_JJ  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Cape_NNL1  Dorset_NP  area_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  probably_RR  spread_VV0  to_IO  other_DA  communities_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  artists_NNS  are_VBR  self-critical_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  work_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  fostered_VBN  with_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  sympathy_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  any_DD  danger_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  vulgarised_VBN  by_IO  commercial_JJ  exploitation_NN  .  
  their_APP$  traditional_JJ  dislike_NN  of_IO  repetition_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  linked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  introduced_JJ  printing_NN  techniques_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  only_RR  ten_MC  or_CC  twelve_MC  impressions_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  each_DD1  set_NN  of_IO  blocks_NNS  or_CC  stencils_NNS  before_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  destroyed_VBN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  wise_JJ  limitation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  Eskimo_JJ  pictures_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  flood_VV0  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  already_RR  demands_NNS  are_VBR  coming_VBG  in_RP  from_IO  private_JJ  collectors_NNS  and_CC  galleries_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  that_CS  \0UNICEF_NP  plans_VBZ  to_TO  issue_VV0  an_AT1  Arctic_NP  design_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  Christmas_NP  card_NN  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  caribou_NN  ,_,  musk-ox_NN  ,_,  polar_JJ  bear_NN  ,_,  snow-goose_NN  ,_,  walrus_NN  and_CC  seal_NN    all_DB  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  life_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  studied_VBN  and_CC  reproduced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo_JJ  hunters_NNS  with_IO  keenness_NN  of_IO  observation_NN  and_CC  economy_NN  of_IO  line_NN  .  
  May_NN1  songs_NNS  of_IO  Bedfordshire_NP  .  
  by_IO  \0F_NP  \0B_NP  Hamer_NP  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  blacksmith_NN  of_IO  Harrold_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  well_RR  known_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  May_NN1  carol_NN  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  and_CC  family_NN  ,_,  round_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  country_NN  houses_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  neighbourhood_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tune_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  that_DD1  published_VBN  by_IO  Lucy_NP  Broadwood_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  traditional_JJ  songs_NNS  and_CC  carols_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  some_DD  transposition_NN  of_IO  verses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wish_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  joyful_JJ  May_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  song_NN  .  
  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  across_IO  other_DA  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  song_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  why_CS .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crouch_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  blacksmith_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  that_PNQS gave_VVD  the_AT1  song_NN  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Ernest_NP  Clarke_NP  at_IO  Hinwick_NP  Hall_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  decade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Sir_NNSB1  Ernest_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  sent_VBN  it_PPH1  to_IO  Lucy_NP  Broadwood_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Church_NP  family_NN  of_IO  Biddenham_NP  who_PNQS first_RR  brought_VVD  home_NN1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  other_DA  versions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  carol_NN  still_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  still_RR  sung_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  Bedfordshire_NP  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Church_NP  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  one_MC1  she_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0  in_IO  Kimbolton_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  villages_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Bedfordshire_NP  border_NN  with_IO  Huntingdonshire_NP  .  
  her_APP$  father-in-law_NN  ,_,  Walter_NP    Paddy_NP    Church_NP  ,_,  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boy_NN  in_IO  Bromham_NP  (_(  \0c_RR  1880_MC  )_)  the_AT1  custom_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  men_NNS  to_TO  gather_VV0  thorn_NN  branches_NNS  the_AT1  night_NN  before_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  they_PPHS2  planted_VVD  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  unmarried_JJ  women_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  during_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  morning_NN  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  round_RP  again_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  time_NN  to_TO  collect_VV0  their_APP$  reward_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  money_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  beer_NN  or_CC  food_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  sang_VVD  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  perambulations_NNS  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  tune_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  having_VHG  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  words_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  since_II  found_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  at_IO  other_DA  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  .  
  at_IO  Keysoe_NP  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  were_VBDR  graded_VBN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  eligibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lady_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  unwanted_JJ  spinster_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  briar_NN  bush_NN  instead_RR  .  
  at_IO  Wrestlingworth_NP  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  male_JJ  custom_NN  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Northill_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  magnificent_JJ  maypole_NN  and_CC  unique_JJ  records_NNS  of_IO  sixteenth-century_JB  May_NN1  games_NNS  ,_,  boasted_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  elaborate_JJ  ceremony_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO    moggies_NNS    attending_VBG  the_AT1  May_NN1  bush_NN  cart_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  journey_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mayers_NNS  or_CC    moggies_NNS    ,_,  usually_RR  about_RR  eight_MC  or_CC  ten_MC  young_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  carried_VVD  tall_JJ  ,_,  beribboned_JJ  staves_NNS  like_IO  tutti_NNS  poles_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  as_IO  leaders_NNS  a_AT1    lord_NN    and_CC    lady_NN    ,_,  and_CC  included_VVD  a_AT1  shabbily_RR  dressed_JJ  ,_,  black-faced_JJ  man_NN  and_CC    woman_NN    ,_,  carrying_VBG  besoms_NNS    these_DD2  last_DA  the_AT1    moggies_NNS    who_PNQS gave_VVD  their_APP$  name_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  party_NN  .  
  Elstow_NP  too_RR  had_VHD  its_APP$    moggies_NNS    and_CC  its_APP$  own_DA  song_NN  before_CS  these_DD2  were_VBDR  submerged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  present-day_JB  Whitelands-sponsored_JJ  Ruskinade_NN1  with_IO  its_APP$  miniature_NN  pole_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  full_JJ  Queen-of-the-May_JB  ceremony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  usual_JJ  custom_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  girls_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  round_RP  a_AT1  decorated_JJ  garland_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  flower-decked_JJ  hoop_NN  or_CC  double_JJ  hoop_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  doll_NN  dressed_VBN  in_IO  white_NN  suspended_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  a_AT1  pram_NN  or_CC  chair_NN  ,_,  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  doll_NN  and_CC  decorated_VBN  with_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  takes_VBZ  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hoops_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  song_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  shorter_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  Harrold_NP  version_NN  and_CC  often_RR  contains_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  verse_NN  or_CC  two_MC  about_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  or_CC  garland_NN  of_IO  May_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  que*?5te_&FW  verses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Eaton_NP  Bray_NP  song_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  example_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  another_DD1  tune_NN  appears_VBZ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  village_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  usual_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  by_IO  children_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  garland_NN  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  two_MC  versions_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  attempted_VBN  a_AT1  systematic_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  .  
  the_AT1  examples_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  almost_RR  by_IO  chance_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  extensive_JJ  gaps_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  count_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  very_RG  fortunate_JJ  chance_NN  which_DDQ  brought_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  very_RG  lovely_JJ  song_NN  sung_VBN  in_IO  Buckworth_NP  (_(  \0Hunts_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  northern_JJ  borders_NNS  of_IO  Bedfordshire_NP  .  
  here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_CS  given_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Johnstone_NP  who_PNQS now_RL  lives_VBZ  in_IO  Bedford_NP  .  
  some_DD  additional_JJ  May_NN1  songs_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  midlands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  are_VBR  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hamer's_PPIO2  extensive_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  May_NN1  songs_NNS  from_IO  Bedfordshire_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  neighbouring_JJ  counties_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  kindly_RR  consented_VBN  to_IO  some_DD  further_JB  examples_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  collections_NNS  being_VBG  appended_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  article_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Ruth_NP  Craufurd_NP  of_IO  Aldbury_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Tring_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  recently_RR  contributed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Vaughan_NP  Williams_NP  memorial_NN  Library_NNL1  seven_MC  versions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  of_IO  Hertfordshire_NP  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  representing_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  distinct_JJ  types_NNS  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  found_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  restricted_JJ  area_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  here_RL  reproduced_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Aldbury_NP  melody_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  close_RR  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  Langley_NP  ,_,  \0Herts_NP  ,_,  May_NN1  day_NN  song_NN    the_AT1  moon_NN  shines_VBZ  bright_JJ    (_(  \0L_NP  \0E_NP  Broadwood_NP  ,_,  English_JJ  county_NN  songs_NNS  ,_,  \0p_NN  108_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Marsworth_NP  song_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hamer's_PPIO2  north_NN1  Bedfordshire_NP  versions_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Craufurd_NP  writes_VBZ  :_:  *"_*'  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  interesting_JJ  comparisons_NNS  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  neighbouring_JJ  May_NN1  songs_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  complete_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  airs_NNS  and_CC  words_NNS  .  
  although_CS  Marsworth_NP  is_VBZ  barely_RR  five_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Aldbury_NP  ,_,  villages_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  isolated_VBN  from_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  before_IO  cars_NNS  and_CC  bicycles_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  only_RR  a_AT1  market_NN  town_NN  in_IO  common_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  lived_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  **"_**'  
  another_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  money_NN  asked_VBN  .  
  Aldbury_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  village_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  rich_JJ  parsonage_NN  ,_,  asks_VBZ  for_IO    a_DA  little_DA  silver_NN    ,_,  but_CCB  Marsworth_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  poor_JJ  marshland_NN  village_NN  ,_,  only_RR  hopes_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  ha'penny_NN  .  
  Marsworth_NP  also_RR  makes_VBZ  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Tring_NP  chimney_NN  sweeps_NNS  who_PNQS   come_VV0  a-dancing_VBG  all_DB  May-day_NN1    ,_,  which_DDQ  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  Jack-in-the-Green_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  May_NN1  garland_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  far-off_JB  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  climbing_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  still_RR  further_JB  off_RP  days_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  dancer_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  represented_VVD  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  vegetation_NN  visiting_VBG  each_DD1  house_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  fertility_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  year_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Beattie_NP  Burch_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Aldbury_NP  Mayers_NP2  from_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  the_AT1  song_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  six_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  on_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  our_APP$  garlands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  go_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  bigger_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  farms_NNS  before_IO  school_NN    .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  resisted_VVD  the_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  play_VV0  truant_NN  from_IO  school_NN  on_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  rewarded_VBN  the_AT1  following_JJ  Saturday_NN1  by_IO  a_AT1  festivity_NN  which_DDQ  consisted_VVD  in_IO    a_AT1  procession_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  ,_,  ending_VBG  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Rectory_NNL1  or_CC  Stocks_NP  (_(  the_AT1  great_JJ  house_NN  )_)  where_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  each_DD1  given_VBN  a_AT1  bun_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  penny_NN    .  
  their_APP$  garlands_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR    a_AT1  little_JJ  doll_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  wreath_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  ,_,  sitting_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  child's_NN1$  arm-chair_NN  decorated_VBN  with_IO  ribbons_NNS  and_CC  flowers_NNS  and_CC  curtained_VBN  all_RR  round_RP  so_CS  that_CS  only_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS gave_VVD  us_PPIO2   money_NN  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  May_NN1  doll_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  back_RP  for_IO  them_PPHO1    .  
  these_DD2  and_CC  other_DA  local_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  May_NN1  song_NN  are_VBR  now_RL  sung_VBN  annually_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  Aldbury_NP  women's_NN2  institute_NN  May_NN1  festival_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  Whit-Saturday_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  examples_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  editor's_NN1$  collection_NN  represent_VV0  ,_,  firstly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  version_NN  generally_RR  current_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  Northamptonshire_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  adjacent_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  Buckinghamshire_NP  and_CC  ,_,  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1    night_NN  song_NN    from_IO  Gravely_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Cambridgeshire-Huntingdonshire_NP  border_NN  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  similar_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  May_NN1  song_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  current_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  nearby_JB  villages_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  Deanshanger_NP  and_CC  Wicken_NP  (_(  \0Northants_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  May_NN1  garlanding_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  Leckhampstead_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  school-sponsored_JJ  and_CC  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  up_RP  regularly_RR  on_IO  May_NN1  1_MC1  at_RR  least_RR  until_IO  1954_MC  .  
  the_AT1  children_NNS  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  go_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  1955_MC  because_CS  May_NN1  1_MC1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Sunday_NN1  .  
  there_EX  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  three_MC  separate_JJ  parties_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  a_AT1  garland_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  then_RL  only_RR  one_MC1  consisting_VBG  of_IO  about_RR  five_MC  girls_NNS  from_IO  eight_MC  to_IO  eleven_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  substitution_NN  of_IO      good_NC2  evening_NC2    for_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ      good_NC2  morning_NC2    in_IO  verse_NN  1_MC1  resulted_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  school_NN  ,_,  since_IO  when_CS the_AT1  children_NNS  go_VV0  to_IO  Buckingham_NP  and_CC  no_RR  longer_RRR  have_VH0  a_AT1  holiday_NN  on_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  .  
  except_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  Saturday_NN1  the_AT1  garlanding_NN  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  postponed_VBN  until_CS  after_IO  school_NN  .  
  at_IO  Gravely_NP  the_AT1  custom_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  a_AT1  party_NN  of_IO  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  men_NNS    one_MC1  with_IO  an_AT1  accordion_NN    went_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  about_IO  midnight_NN  on_IO  May_NN1  day_NN  eve_NN  with_IO  branches_NNS  of_IO  may_NN  cut_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  hedges_NNS  .  
  at_IO  each_DD1  house_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  sang_VVD  the_AT1  song_NN  they_PPHS2  left_VVD  a_AT1  branch_NN  (_(    May_NN1  bush_NN    )_)  ,_,  and_CC  money_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  thrown_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  windows_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  disliked_VBN  were_VBDR  left_VBN  a_AT1  briar_NN    a_AT1  briar_NN  indicated_VVD  a_AT1  liar_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Howlett_NP    and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  bad_JJ  moral_JJ  character_NN  were_VBDR  left_VBN  a_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  elder_NN  ,_,  or_CC  hemlock_NN  and_CC  stinging_JJ  nettle_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  full_JJ  implication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  verse_NN  becomes_VBZ  apparent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  contrast_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hamer's_PPIO2  Bromham_NP  example_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  here_RL  no_AT1  second_MD  visiting_NN  and_CC  that_CS  verses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  day_NN  songs_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  combined_VBN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Howlett_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  mentioned_VVD  that_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  made_VVD  very_RG  good_JJ  May_NN1  garlands_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  doll_NN  hung_VBN  inside_RP  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  day-time_NN  May_NN1  garlanding_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  carried_VBN  on_RP  at_IO  Gravely_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Gravely_NP  melody_NN  is_VBZ  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  twice_RR  noted_JJ  Fowlmere_NP  ,_,  \0Cambs_NP  ,_,  version_NN  (_(  \0L_NP  \0E_NP  Broadwood_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  Folk_NP  Song_NP  society_NN  ,_,  1902_MC  ,_,  1_MC1  ,_,  180_MC  ;_;  \0R_NP  Vaughan_NP  Williams_NP  ,_,  eight_MC  traditional_JJ  carols_NNS  ,_,  1919_MC  ,_,  reprinted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  book_NN  of_IO  carols_NNS  ,_,  \0no_NN  47_MC  )_)  .  
  further_JB  references_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  by_IO  \0M_NP  Dean-Smith_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  guide_NN  to_IO  English_JJ  folk_NN  song_NN  collections_NNS  ,_,  1954_MC  (_(    May_NN1  day_NN  carols_NNS    ,_,    the_AT1  moon_NN  shines_VBZ  bright_JJ    ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  purpose_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  additional_JJ  notes_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  May_NN1  song_NN  tunes_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  related_JJ  customs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  recent_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  as_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  as_IO  1904_MC  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  county_NN  (_(  \0W_NP  \0B_NP  Gerish_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  Mayers_NP2  and_CC  their_APP$  song_NN  ,_,  or_CC  some_DD  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  May_NN1  and_CC  its_APP$  observance_NN  in_IO  Hertfordshire_NP    ,_,  printed_VBN  by_IO  \0S_NP  Austin_NP  &_CC  Sons_NNSB2  ,_,  Hertford_NP  )_)  .  
  editor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  international_JJ  folk_JB  music_NN  council_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  annual_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  folk_JB  music_NN  council_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Universite*?2_NNL1  Laval_NP  in_IO  Quebec_NP  from_IO  August_NN1  28_MC  to_IO  September_NN1  3_MC  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  organized_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  Canadian_JJ  committee_NN  which_DDQ  included_VVD  the_AT1  University_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  folk_JB  music_NN  society_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leading_JJ  spirit_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  enterprise_NN  was_VBDZ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Marius_NP  Barbeau_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  grand_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  French-Canadian_JJ  and_CC  red_JJ  Indian_JJ  folk_JB  music_NN  ,_,  known_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  done_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  Museum_NNL1  in_IO  Ottawa_NP  .  
  this_DD1  conference_NN  attracted_VVD  musicians_NNS  ,_,  folk-lorists_NNS  and_CC  dancers_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  particularly_RR  strong_JJ  contingent_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  met_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  mornings_NNS  and_CC  afternoons_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  members_NNS  were_VBDR  entertained_VBN  in_IO  various_JJ  ways_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  with_IO  concerts_NNS  and_CC  performances_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  excursion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  reservation_NN  in_IO  Lorette_NP  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  Huron_NP  and_CC  Iroquois_NP  ceremonies_NNS  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  under_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Barbeau's_PPIO2  direction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Laval_NP  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  strong_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  French-Canadian_JJ  folk-lore_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  were_VBDR  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  having_VHG  this_DD1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  folk-lore_NN  section_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  archives_NNS  explained_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Luc_NP  Lacourcie*?3re_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  .  
  hospitality_NN  was_VBDZ  generous_JJ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,  culminating_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  Canadian_JJ  supper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  Quebec_NP  .  
  the_AT1  daily_JJ  sessions_NNS  were_VBDR  held_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  building_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  University_NNL1  some_DD  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  miles_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  where_CS new_JJ  buildings_NNS  are_VBR  springing_VBG  up_RP  on_IO  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  campus_NN  which_DDQ  only_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  was_VBDZ  virgin_JB  forest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  had_VHD  all_DB  the_AT1  modern_JJ  facilities_NNS  at_IO  its_APP$  disposal_NN  and_CC  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  else_RR  to_TO  distract_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  the_AT1  sessions_NNS  were_VBDR  very_RG  well_RR  attended_VBN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Seeger_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Lomax_NP  ,_,  each_DD1  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  technical_JJ  equipment_NN  ,_,  posed_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  challenging_JJ  questions_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Seeger's_PPIO2  Melograph_NP  ,_,  capable_JJ  of_IO  analysing_VBG  melodic_JJ  structure_NN  in_IO  great_JJ  detail_NN  ,_,  opened_VVD  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  eyes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  fluidity_NN  of_IO  folk_JB  music_NN  and_CC  revealed_VVD  how_CS incomplete_JJ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  folk_JB  music_NN  depending_VBG  on_IO  a_DA  few_DA  modes_NNS  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  pentatonic_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  Lomax_NP  ,_,  using_VBG  another_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  instrument_NN  ,_,  provided_VVD  graphs_NNS  of_IO  vocal_JJ  technique_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  deduced_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  factors_NNS  each_DD1  affecting_VBG  singing_VBG    style_NN    which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  described_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1    self-perpetuating_JJ  culture_NN  trait_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  argued_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  main_JB  styles_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  coalesced_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  shaping_VBG  singing_VBG  habits_NNS  and_CC  influencing_VBG  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  traditional_JJ  pieces_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  material_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pomeranian_JJ  bream_NN  .  
  this_DD1  fish_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  its_APP$  scientific_JJ  name_NN  (_(  Abramis_&FW  buggenhagii_&FW  )_)  implies_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  was_VBDZ  once_RR  believed_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  separate_JJ  bream_NN  species_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  even_RR  claim_VV0  the_AT1  distinction_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  bream_NN    variety_NN    or_CC    breed_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  simply_RR  a_AT1  hybrid_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  bream_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  roach_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  occasioned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  similarities_NNS  in_IO  habits_NNS  and_CC  spawning_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  species_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  bream_NNS  and_CC  roach_NNS  spawn_VV0  communally_RR  at_IO  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  seek_VV0  similar_JJ  weedy_JJ  shallows_NNS  .  
  occasionally_RR  it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  shoal_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  is_VBZ  spawning_VBG  simultaneously_RR  alongside_IO  a_AT1  shoal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  eggs_NNS  deposited_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  group_NN  where_CS the_AT1  two_MC  species_NNS  would_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  intermingle_VV0  are_VBR  obviously_RR  fertilised_VBN  by_IO  milt_NN  from_IO  fishes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  group_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  the_AT1  hybrid_NN    pomeranian_JJ  bream_NN    ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  popularly_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  hybrid_NN  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  infertile_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  common_JJ  fish_NN  in_IO  waters_NNS  where_CS roach_NNS  and_CC  bream_NNS  occur_VV0  together_RR  in_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  merely_RR  confined_VBN  to_IO  lakes_NNS  and_CC  ponds_NNS  but_CCB  is_VBZ  commonly_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  rivers_NNS  also_RR  .  
  the_AT1  fish_NN  is_VBZ  silvery_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  with_IO  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  bluish_JJ  tint_NN  .  
  not_XX  quite_RR  plump_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  bream_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  deep_JJ  enough_RGA  in_IO  the_AT1  belly_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  splendid_JJ  grandfather_NN  roach_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  typically_RR  forked_JJ  ,_,  bream-like_JJ  tail_NN  should_VM  indicate_VV0  its_APP$  parentage_NN  ,_,  as_CS  also_RR  should_VM  its_APP$  obvious_JJ  sliminess_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  fish_NN  often_RR  attains_VBZ  a_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  over_RR  two_MC  pounds_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  more_RG  easily_RR  mistaken_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  roach_NN  than_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  often_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hailed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  excited_JJ  angler_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  exceptionally_RR  good_JJ  specimen_NN  roach_NN  ,_,  and_CC  entered_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  club_NN  contest_NN  or_CC  prize_NN  .  
  for_IO  similar_JJ  reasons_NNS  to_IO  those_DD2  already_RR  given_VBN  the_AT1  bream_NN  also_RR  hybridises_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  rudd_NN  in_IO  waters_NNS  where_CS these_DD2  two_MC  species_NNS  are_VBR  common_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  progeny_NN  are_VBR  easily_RR  mistaken_VBN  for_IO  very_RG  fine_JJ  rudd_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  less_RG  often_RR  ,_,  for_IO  stunted_JJ  bream_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  an_AT1  angler_NN  should_VM  prefer_VV0  to_TO  believe_VV0  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  fine_JJ  rudd_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  poor_JJ  bream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  like_IO  the_AT1  roach_NN  x_IO  bream_NN  hybrid_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  fish_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  innumerable_JJ  false_JJ  record_NN  or_CC    specimen_NN  fish_NN    claims_NNS  .  
  whilst_CS  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  wishful_JJ  thinking_NN  is_VBZ  understandable_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nevertheless_RR  easily_RR  avoidable_JJ  .  
  both_DB2  hybrids_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  definitely_RR  identified_VBN  as_IO  imposters_NNS  by_IO  fin_NN  ray_NN  and_CC  scale_NN  counts_NNS  .  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  only_RR  one_MC1  check_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  ray_NN  count_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  always_RR  decisive_JJ  in_IO  distinguishing_VBG  such_DA  hybrids_NNS  from_IO  both_DB2  parents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  only_RR  anglers_NNS  would_VM  bother_VV0  to_TO  undertake_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  far_RR  fewer_DA  false_JJ  record_NN  claims_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  fewer_DA  disappointed_JJ  anglers_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  for_CS  these_DD2  imposters_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  recognised_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  club_NN  steward_NN  of_IO  any_DD  experience_NN  who_PNQS cares_VBZ  to_TO  undertake_VV0  the_AT1  count_NN  needed_VBN  .  
  roach_NNS  possess_VV0  9-12_MC-MC  branched_JJ  rays_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  .  
  bream_NNS  possess_VV0  23-29_MC-MC  ,_,  and_CC  rudd_NNS  10-13_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  roach_NN  x_IO  bream_NN  hybrid_NN  has_VHZ  15-19_MC-MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  establishes_VBZ  quite_RR  clearly_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  neither_LE  roach_NN  nor_CC  bream_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  rudd_NN  x_IO  bream_NN  hybrid_NN  has_VHZ  15-18_MC-MC  which_DDQ  again_RR  establishes_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  bream_NN  or_CC  rudd_NN  .  
  table_NN  3_MC  gives_VBZ  fuller_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  differences_NNS  between_IO  these_DD2  fish_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  suffice_VV0  to_TO  identify_VV0  any_DD  bream_NN  hybrid_NN  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  records_NNS  indicate_VV0  that_CS  rarely_RR  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  silver_JJ  bream_NN  hybridises_VBZ  with_IO  roach_NN  and_CC  rudd_NN  .  
  such_DA  hybrids_NNS  are_VBR  most_RG  uncommon_JJ  and_CC  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  .  
  both_DB2  are_VBR  small_JJ  fishes_NNS  seldom_RR  exceeding_VBG  ten_MC  inches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  false_JJ  record_NN  claims_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  may_VM  be_VB0  distinguished_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  details_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  unusual_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  rare_JJ  hybrids_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  3_MC  .  
  strangely_RR  enough_RGA  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  records_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  of_IO  hybridisation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  bream_NN  species_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  curious_JJ  when_CS we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  the_AT1  close_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  silver_JJ  and_CC  bronzed_JJ  breams_NNS  .  
  possibly_RR  such_DA  hybrids_NNS  occur_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  recognised_VBN  .  
  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  overlapping_VBG  which_DDQ  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  scale_NN  and_CC  fin_NN  ray_NN  counts_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  species_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  almost_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  detect_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  hybrid_NN  by_IO  external_JJ  means_NNS  although_CS  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pharyngeal_JJ  teeth_NNS  and_CC  gill_NN  rakers_NNS  would_VM  certainly_RR  identify_VV0  this_DD1  fish_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  found_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  bleak_NN  .  alburnus_&FW  alburnus_&FW  .  (_(  Linnaeus_NP  .  )_)  
  alburnus_&FW  lucidus_&FW  .  (_(  Day_NP  .  )_)  
  description_NN  .  
  the_AT1  back_NN  is_VBZ  blue-green_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  grey-green_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  bright_JJ  sunshine_NN  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  predominantly_RR  green_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  flanks_NNS  are_VBR  pale_JJ  green_JJ  with_IO  iridescent_JJ  tints_NNS  ,_,  fading_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  silvery_JJ  white_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  underside_NN  .  
  the_AT1  iridescence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scales_NNS  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  flanks_NNS  a_AT1  golden_JJ  green_JJ  colour_NN  in_IO  sunny_JJ  weather_NN  when_CS the_AT1  fish_NN  is_VBZ  ashore_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  duller_JJ  weather_NN  the_AT1  white_JJ  or_CC  silver_JJ  aspects_NNS  predominate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  belly_NN  is_VBZ  compressed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  ridge_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  ventral_JJ  fins_NNS  and_CC  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  is_VBZ  long_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  grey_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  fins_NNS  are_VBR  sometimes_RR  tinted_VBN  with_IO  pink_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  spindle-shaped_JJ  and_CC  lightly_RR  compressed_VBN  laterally_RR  .  
  the_AT1  head_NN  is_VBZ  small_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  superior_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  strongly_RR  oblique_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  upper_JB  body_NN  surface_NN  is_VBZ  lightly_RR  curved_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  more_RG  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  scales_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  lightly_RR  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  coming_VBG  off_RP  at_IO  any_DD  careless_JJ  handling_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ventral_JJ  fins_NNS  are_VBR  set_VBN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dorsal_JJ  fin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  pectoral_JJ  fins_NNS  are_VBR  situated_VBN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  gill_NN  covers_NNS  ,_,  about_RR  half-way_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  lateral_JJ  line_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  .  
  these_DD2  cheerful_JJ  sparkling_JJ  little_JJ  fish_NNS  swim_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  category_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  bream_NN  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  long_JJ  anal_JJ  fin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  rarely_RR  share_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA    swim_NN    ,_,  being_VBG  utterly_RR  different_JJ  in_IO  habit_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  common_JJ  fish_NNS  in_IO  many_DA  rivers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  strolling_JJ  observer_NN  can_VM  hardly_RR  fail_VV0  to_TO  notice_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  prefer_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  amongst_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  layers_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  often_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  within_IO  inches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  darting_VBG  after_IO  floating_VBG  crusts_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  soon_RR  broken_VBN  in_IO  smaller_JJ  pieces_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  attentions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  shoal_NN  .  
  often_RR  the_AT1  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  seen_VBN  leaping_VBG  and_CC  scattering_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  alarming_VBG  other_DA  fishes_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  flash_VV0  silver_NN  when_CS the_AT1  pike_NN  or_CC  prowling_JJ  perch_NN  leaps_VBZ  amongst_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  .  
  more_RG  often_RR  than_CS  not_XX  the_AT1  bleak_NN  causes_VBZ  the_AT1  dainty_JJ  rises_NNS  and_CC  splashes_NNS  which_DDQ  continually_RR  dimple_VV0  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  despite_IO  their_APP$  timidity_NN  ,_,  bleak_NNS  will_VM  swim_VV0  nosing_VBG  the_AT1  feet_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  paddling_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shallows_NNS  provided_CS  he_PPHO1  avoids_VBZ  undue_JJ  noise_NN  and_CC  violent_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  in_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  weather_NN  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  ever_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  amuse_VV0  the_AT1  passing_JJ  walker_NN  ,_,  or_CC  sample_VV0  the_AT1  angler's_NN1$  bait_NN  .  
  yet_RR  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  much_RR  sought_VBN  after_IO  by_IO  anglers_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  small_JJ  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  bait_NN  too_RG  readily_RR  .  
  in_IO  match_NN  fishing_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  popular_JJ  ,_,  putting_VBG  a_AT1  premium_NN  on_IO  speed_NN  and_CC  skill_NN  at_IO  striking_VBG  the_AT1  swift_JJ  tiny_JJ  bites_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  on_IO  water-lore_NN  and_CC  angling_NN  craft_NN  .  
  many_DA  a_AT1  match_NN  champion_NN  owes_VBZ  his_APP$  laurels_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  strike_VV0  the_AT1  swift_JJ  bites_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  faster_JJ  rate_NN  than_IO  his_APP$  companions_NNS  .  
  other_DA  anglers_NNS  regard_VV0  the_AT1  bleak_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  bait_NN  for_IO  pike_NNS  or_CC  perch_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  most_RG  often_RR  when_CS the_AT1  pike_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  feed_NN  ;_;  striking_VBG  terror_NN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  shallows_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  bleak_NNS  ,_,  showing_VBG  considerable_JJ  discretion_NN  for_IO  so_RG  small_JJ  a_AT1  fish_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  nowhere_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  angling_VBG  perhaps_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  and_CC  stick_NN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  brooks_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  stream_NN  ,_,  knows_VBZ  where_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  gone_VBN  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  minnow_NN  ,_,  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  important_JJ  food_NN  fish_NNS  for_IO  other_DA  river_NN  creatures_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  most_RG  useful_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  community_NN  provide_VV0  meals_NNS  for_IO  predatory_JJ  fish_NNS  and_CC  river_NN  birds_NNS  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  regular_JJ  river-haunting_JJ  birds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  the_AT1  seagulls_NNS  seeking_VBG  inland_RL  during_IO  bad_JJ  weather_NN  know_VV0  where_CS to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  feed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  angler's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  knows_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  dish_NN  of_IO  bleak_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  despised_VBN  .  
  well_RR  cooked_VBN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  tastier_JJ  than_IO  sprats_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  somewhat_RR  resemble_VV0  in_IO  appearance_NN  .  
  bleak_NNS  were_VBDR  once_RR  very_RG  much_RR  sought_VBN  after_IO  for_IO  the_AT1  iridescent_JJ  colouring_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  scales_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  artificial_JJ  pearl_NN  industry_NN  thrived_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  colours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  insignificant_JJ  bleak_NN  .  
  like_IO  so_RG  many_DA  other_DA  creatures_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  slaughtered_VBN  in_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  vanities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  female_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  waters_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Thames_NP  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  abundant_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  by_IO  various_JJ  angling_NN  bodies_NNS  .  
  efforts_NNS  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  bleak_NN  population_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  by_IO  several_DA  such_DA  groups_NNS  .  
  possibly_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  that_CS  these_DD2  efforts_NNS  have_VH0  met_VBN  with_IO  little_DA  success_NN  .  
  although_CS  abundant_JJ  ,_,  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  delicate_JJ  fish_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  surviving_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Thames_NP  ,_,  so_RG  long_RR  does_VBZ  this_DD1  indicate_VV0  a_AT1  fair_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  purity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  found_VBN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  west_NN1  Wales_NP  ,_,  Ireland_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  lake_NN  district_NN  .  
  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  very_RG  common_JJ  .  
  as_IO  aquarium_NN  fishes_NNS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  attractive_JJ  colours_NNS  ;_;  unfortunately_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  alive_JJ  under_IO  artificial_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  they_PPHS2  seldom_RR  survive_VV0  the_AT1  journey_NN  home_NN1  in_IO  a_AT1  bait_NN  can_NN  .  
  bleak_NNS  are_VBR  recorded_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG  hybridised_VBN  naturally_RR  with_IO  chub_NNS  and_CC  roach_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  hybrids_NNS  are_VBR  recognised_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  long_JJ  anal_JJ  fins_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  compressed_JJ  ridge_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  ventral_JJ  fins_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  anal_JJ  fin_NN  (_(  Tate-Regan_NP  )_)  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  common_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  well_RR  worth_IO  reporting_VBG  when_CS taken_VBN  .  
  please_UH  send_VV0  such_DA  fishes_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  properly_RR  examined_VBN  .  
  only_RR  when_CS a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  handled_VBN  by_IO  competent_JJ  authorities_NNS  will_VM  a_AT1  full_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  become_VV0  available_JJ  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  known_VBN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Allis_NP  shad_NN  .  alosa_&FW  alosa_&FW  .  (_(  Linnaeus_NP  )_)  .  
  clupea_&FW  alosa_&FW  .  (_(  Day_NP  .  )_)  
  description_NN  .  
  the_AT1  back_NN  is_VBZ  blue-green_JJ  ,_,  green-brown_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  intermediate_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  golden_JJ  flashes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tints_NNS  of_IO  yellow_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flanks_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  a_AT1  pale_JJ  olive_JJ  colour_NN  which_DDQ  shades_VBZ  to_IO  silver_NN  or_CC  bluish-white_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  underside_NN  .  
  a_AT1  single_JJ  oval_JJ  dark_JJ  spot_NN  lies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  flank_NN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  gill_NN  cover_NN  .  
  in_IO  younger_JJ  fish_NNS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  several_DA  such_DA  spots_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  older_JJ  specimens_NNS  these_DD2  may_VM  disappear_VV0  entirely_RR  .  
  the_AT1  scales_NNS  are_VBR  iridescent_JJ  and_CC  flash_VV0  golden_JJ  or_CC  yellow_JJ  in_IO  sunlight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  strongly_RR  compressed_VBN  laterally_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  is_VBZ  keeled_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  edges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  scales_NNS  giving_VBG  a_AT1  serrated_JJ  edge_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  keel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lateral_JJ  line_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  visible_JJ  externally_RR  .  
  the_AT1  mouth_NN  is_VBZ  large_JJ  ,_,  slightly_RR  oblique_JJ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  with_IO  fine_JJ  bristle-like_JJ  teeth_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  snout_NN  is_VBZ  blunt_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  lower_JJ  jaw_NN  projects_VBZ  slightly_RR  giving_VBG  the_AT1  fish_NN  a_AT1  pugnacious_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  are_VBR  quite_RR  distinctive_JJ  in_IO  being_VBG  hooded_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  and_CC  trailing_JJ  edges_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  semi-transparent_JJ  membrane_NN  .  
  to_TO  see_VV0  this_DD1  powerful_JJ  fish_NN  leaping_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  netsman's_NN1$  obstructions_NNS  you_PPY  could_VM  hardly_RR  confuse_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  the_AT1  dull_JJ  and_CC  lethargic_JJ  bream_NN  described_VBN  earlier_RRR  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  similarity_NN  in_IO  body_NN  shape_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  no_AT1  relationship_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  shads_NNS  are_VBR  typical_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  herring_NNS  family_NN  and_CC  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  herring_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  really_RR  marine_JJ  in_IO  habit_NN  ,_,  entering_VBG  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  freshwater_JB  angler_NN  and_CC  observer_NN  only_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  migrate_VV0  upstream_RR  to_TO  spawn_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Allis_NP  shad_NN  is_VBZ  rapidly_RR  becoming_VBG  less_RG  common_JJ  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  once_RR  plentiful_JJ  in_IO  innumerable_JJ  large_JJ  rivers_NNS  and_CC  estuaries_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Thames_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  like_IO  so_RG  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  denied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  incoming_JJ  fish_NNS  by_IO  industrial_JJ  pollution_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  Wye_NP  and_CC  Severn_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  flourishing_JJ  commercial_JJ  shad_NN  fisheries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  nets_NNS  take_VV0  many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  clean_JJ  fish_NNS  each_DD1  season_NN  .  
  the_AT1    run_NN    commences_VBZ  between_IO  March_NN1  and_CC  June_NN1  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  estuarial_JJ  reaches_NNS  are_VBR  crowded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  netsmen_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  approach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  shads_NNS  is_VBZ  still_RR  mysteriously_RR  heralded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  sandpipers_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  in_IO  fact_NN  locally_RR  called_VBN    shad_NN  birds_NNS    .  
  a_AT1  primitive_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  shrimping_NN  net_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  fishermen_NNS  and_CC  great_JJ  skill_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  to_TO  capture_VV0  these_DD2  swift_JJ  leaping_JJ  fish_NNS  which_DDQ  average_VV0  about_RR  three_MC  pounds_NNS  apiece_RR  .  
  fortunately_RR  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  shads_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  living_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fish_NNS  follow_VV0  similar_JJ  routes_NNS  year_NN  after_IO  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  experienced_JJ  fishermen_NNS  know_VV0  just_RR  where_CS to_TO  set_VV0  their_APP$  obstacles_NNS  to_TO  direct_VV0  the_AT1  oncoming_JJ  fish_NNS  towards_IO  their_APP$  nets_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  which_DDQ  escape_VV0  (_(  and_CC  many_DA  thousands_MC2  do_VD0  )_)  continue_VV0  their_APP$  journey_NN  upstream_RR  undaunted_JJ  until_CS  they_PPHS2  arrive_VV0  amongst_IO  the_AT1  shallower_JJ  less-frequented_JB  streams_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  spawn_VV0  with_IO  considerable_JJ  fuss_NN  and_CC  splashing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  eggs_NNS  are_VBR  simply_RR  left_VBN  unburied_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  spent_JJ  fish_NNS  commence_VV0  their_APP$  return_NN  journey_NN  .  
  the_AT1  newly_RR  hatched_JJ  fish_NNS  remain_VV0  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  only_RR  until_CS  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  inches_NNS  long_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  too_RR  enter_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  where_CS growth_NN  to_IO  maturity_NN  is_VBZ  rapid_JJ  .  
  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Michael_NP  Conway_NP  .  
  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  shaped_VBN  as_IO  life-size_JB  figures_NNS  were_VBDR  decorative_JJ  and_CC  amusing_JJ  accessories_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Georgian_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  too_RR  .  
  cut_VBN  from_IO  wood_NN  and_CC  painted_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  vividly_RR  ,_,  even_RR  startlingly_RR  ,_,  resembled_VVD  richly_RR  attired_VBN  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  ,_,  colourful_JJ  birds_NNS  and_CC  domestic_JJ  animals_NNS  .  
  good-looking_JJ  housemaids_NNS  gave_VVD  life_NN  to_IO  dreary_JJ  passages_NNS  (_(  plate_NN  172A_MC  )_)  ;_;  the_AT1  entrance_NN  hall_NN  might_VM  shelter_VV0  a_AT1  shepherd_NN  and_CC  shepherdess_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  with_IO  sheep_NNS  ;_;  romping_JJ  children_NNS  might_VM  hide_VV0  an_AT1  empty_JJ  fireplace_NN  (_(  plate_NN  171D_MC  .  )_)  
  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  appeared_VVD  in_IO  England_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  1660s_MC2  as_IO  fire_NN  screens_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  silhouette_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  or_CC  woman_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  from_IO  thick_JJ  ,_,  heavy_JJ  wood_NN  and_CC  painted_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  naturalistic_JJ  attitude_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  artists_NNS  were_VBDR  usually_RR  second-rate_JJ  portrait_NN  painters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  record_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  painted_JJ  figure_NN  is_VBZ  engraved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  frontispiece_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Compleat_NP  Gamester_NP  (_(  1674_MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  dummy_NN  board_NN  fashionably_RR  stands_VBZ  erect_JJ  before_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  ,_,  feet_NNS  wide_RR  apart_RP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  drinking_NN  glass_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  screening_VBG  a_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  card_NN  players_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blaze_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Georgian_JJ  dummy_NN  board_NN  figure_NN  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  for_IO  ornament_NN  only_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  from_IO  much_RR  thinner_JJ  wood_NN  .  
  a_AT1  projecting_JJ  ledge_NN  extending_VBG  from_IO  shoulder_NN  to_IO  shoulder_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  kept_VVD  it_PPH1  6_MC  inches_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  attached_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  wrought-iron_JB  hooks_NNS  and_CC  staples_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  position_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  figure's_NN1$  feather_NN  edges_NNS  caused_VVD  a_AT1  life-like_JJ  shadow_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  thrown_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  and_CC  secured_VVD  a_AT1  three-dimensional_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  careful_JJ  placement_NN  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  figure_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  painted_VBN  full_JJ  face_NN  or_CC  three-quarter_JB  face_NN    rarely_RR  in_IO  profile_NN  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  alcove_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  at_IO  a_AT1  stair_NN  bend_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dummy_NN  board_NN  was_VBDZ  secured_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  erect_JJ  position_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  wooden_JJ  supports_NNS  cut_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  shoes_NNS  projecting_VBG  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  inches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  heels_NNS  projecting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  .  
  holes_NNS  in_IO  existing_VBG  examples_NNS  show_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  screwed_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  colourful_JJ  figures_NNS  added_VBN  interest_NN  to_IO  early_JJ  Georgian_JJ  homes_NN2  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  George_NP  3_MC  stocks_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  painted_VBN  by_IO  sign-board_NN  artists_NNS  were_VBDR  displayed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  innumerable_JJ  Mayfair_NP  furnishing_NN  stores_NNS  .  
  regency_NN  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  lacked_VVD  the_AT1  colourful_JJ  elegance_NN  of_IO  earlier_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Victorians_NP2  reverted_VVD  to_IO  Georgian_JJ  styles_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  greater_JJ  brilliance_NN  and_CC  with_IO  some_DD  carving_NN  in_IO  relief_NN  .  
  glossary_NN  .  
  animals_NNS  and_CC  birds_NNS  :_:  rooms_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  decorated_VBN  with_IO  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  of_IO  tabby_JJ  cats_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  early_JJ  Victorian_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  cats_NNS  was_VBDZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  black_JJ  velvet_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  paint_NN  ,_,  and_CC  large_JJ  amber_NN  beads_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  for_IO  eyes_NNS  .  
  friendly_JJ  dogs_NNS  were_VBDR  popular_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  parlour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fierce-looking_JJ  animals_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  hall_NN  ,_,  apparently_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  fly_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  unauthorized_JJ  intruder_NN  .  
  brightly_RR  painted_VBN  parrots_NNS  and_CC  macaws_NNS  perched_VBN  high_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  appeared_VVD  very_RG  realistic_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  visitor_NN  below_II  .  
  deer_NNS  ,_,  sheep_NNS  and_CC  pigs_NNS  might_VM  stand_VV0  in_IO  well-selected_JJ  outdoor_JB  positions_NNS  .  
  artists_NNS  :_:  until_IO  the_AT1  1760s_MC2  professional_JJ  portrait_NN  painters_NNS  decorated_VVD  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  dummy_NN  board_NN  pictures_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  work_NN  is_VBZ  recognized_VBN  by_IO  life-like_JJ  poses_NNS  and_CC  vivacious_JJ  expressions_NNS  .  
  many_DA  specimens_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  portraits_NNS  .  
  then_RL  came_VVD  a_AT1  statute_NN  making_VBG  it_PPH1  illegal_JJ  to_TO  suspend_VV0  sign-boards_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  highway_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ  trade_NN  in_IO  sign-board_NN  painting_NN  was_VBDZ  ended_VBN  .  
  dummy_NN  board_NN  pictures_NNS  were_VBDR  thereupon_RR  painted_VBN  by_IO  shop_NN  sign_NN  decorators_NNS  who_PNQS for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  worked_VVD  in_IO  Harp_NP  Alley_NNL1  ,_,  Shoe_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  identical_JJ  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  cut_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  master_NN  template_NN  and_CC  painted_VBN  with_IO  similar_JJ  figures_NNS  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  change_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  work_NN  approaching_VBG  mass_NN  production_NN  .  
  boards_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  wooden_JJ  boards_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  images_NNS  were_VBDR  painted_VBN  were_VBDR  at_RR  first_RR  in_IO  oak_NN  or_CC  pitch_NN  pine_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  beech_NN  ,_,  pearwood_NN  and_CC  mahogany_NN  were_VBDR  alternatives_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  intended_VBN  for_IO  outdoor_JB  use_NN  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  from_IO  1-inch_JB  teak_NN  which_DDQ  neither_LE  warped_VVD  nor_CC  shrank_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  stress_NN  of_IO  changing_JJ  weather_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  outlines_NNS  for_IO  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  from_IO  single_JJ  boards_NNS  measuring_VBG  about_RR  2_MC  feet_NNS  wide_JJ  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  1770s_MC2  thickness_NN  was_VBDZ  halved_VBN  .  
  for_IO  comparison_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_DD1  late_JJ  eighteenth-century_JB  tables_NNS  (_(  \0q.v_VV0  )_)  measuring_VBG  3_MC  to_IO  4_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  height_NN  were_VBDR  between_IO  1/4-inch_NN  and_CC  3/8-inch_NN  in_IO  thickness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  planks_NNS  on_IO  most_DA  seventeenth-_MD  and_CC  eighteenth-century_JB  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  have_VH0  shrunk_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  revealing_VBG  vertical_JJ  tongue-and-groove_JB  joints_NNS  .  
  canvas_NN  covered_VBN  :_:  because_CS  the_AT1  built-up_JB  boards_NNS  tended_VVD  to_TO  open_VV0  with_IO  shrinkage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  some_DD  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  were_VBDR  covered_VBN  with_IO  painter's_NN1$  canvas_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fabric_NN  glued_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  feather-edged_JJ  board_NN  .  
  the_AT1  back_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  covered_VBN  with_IO  canvas_NN  also_RR  and_CC  painted_VBN  brown_JJ  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  1_MC1  costume_NN  :_:  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  painted_VBN  in_IO  elaborate_JJ  Elizabethan_JJ  attire_NN  were_VBDR  popular_JJ  with_IO  early_JJ  Georgians_NP2  and_CC  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  mid-nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  early_JJ  series_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  invariably_RR  painted_VBN  by_IO  portraitists_NNS  ,_,  possibly_RR  adapted_VBN  from_IO  engravings_NNS  as_CS  minor_JJ  accessories_NNS  were_VBDR  correctly_RR  depicted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  face_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  purchaser_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  .  
  feather_NN  edges_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  wide_JJ  ,_,  sharply_RR  cut_JJ  bevelling_NN  surrounding_VBG  the_AT1  rear_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profile_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  acute_JJ  angle_NN  .  
  this_DD1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  clear_JJ  and_CC  life-like_JJ  effect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  thrown_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  fireboards_NNS  :_:  these_DD2  date_VV0  between_IO  the_AT1  1750s_MC2  and_CC  the_AT1  1790s_MC2  .  
  they_PPHS2  measure_VV0  3_MC  to_IO  4_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  height_NN  and_CC  enlivened_VBN  hearth_NN  interiors_NNS  during_IO  summer_NN  months_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  burnished_JJ  steel_NN  portable_JJ  grate_NN  ,_,  fender_NN  and_CC  fire-irons_NNS  were_VBDR  oiled_VBN  and_CC  laid_VBN  away_RP  until_IO  autumn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chimney_NN  was_VBDZ  closed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  hearth_NN  recess_NN  cleaned_VBN  of_IO  its_APP$  soot_NN  and_CC  made_VBN  colourful_JJ  with_IO  massive_JJ  ornaments_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  lidded_JJ  urns_NNS  in_IO  porcelain_NN  ,_,  huge_JJ  jars_NNS  displaying_VBG  flowers_NNS  and_CC  foliage_NN  ,_,  or_CC  terrestrial_JJ  globes_NNS  .  
  dummy_NN  board_NN  representations_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  might_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  particularly_RR  vases_NNS  of_IO  flowers_NNS  .  
  alternatively_RR  the_AT1  entire_JB  fireplace_NN  opening_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  masked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  fireboard_NN  painted_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  urn_NN  overflowing_VBG  with_IO  flowers_NNS  .  
  as_IO  yet_RR  another_DD1  alternative_NN  small_JJ  figures_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  matching_JJ  pairs_NNS  of_IO  costumed_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  boys_NNS  often_RR  riding_VBG  stick_NN  hobby-horses_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  might_VM  stand_VV0  upon_IO  a_AT1  plinth_NN  of_IO  mahogany_NN  or_CC  gilded_JJ  beech_NN  ,_,  plain_JJ  or_CC  elaborately_RR  carved_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  usually_RR  the_AT1  lower_JJ  edge_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  block_NN  of_IO  oak_NN  about_RR  5_MC  inches_NNS  thick_JJ  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  carved_VBN  or_CC  japanned_VBN  in_IO  red_NN  .  
  fire_NN  screens_VBZ  :_:  dummy_NN  board_NN  pictures_NNS  were_VBDR  originally_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  :_:  stout_JJ  ,_,  heavy_JJ  articles_NNS  measuring_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  6_MC  feet_NNS  in_IO  height_NN  and_CC  cut_VBN  from_IO  1_MC1  1/2_MC  inch_NN  oak_NN  or_CC  pitch_NN  pine_NN  ,_,  feather_NN  edged_JJ  ,_,  set_VBN  in_IO  weighty_JJ  blocks_NNS  enabling_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  stand_VV0  upright_JJ  without_IO  assistance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  warped_VBN  the_AT1  woods_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  table_NN  joints_NNS  opened_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  oil_NN  paint_NN  flaked_VVD  away_RP  .  
  Highlanders_NP2  :_:  kilted_JJ  Scotsmen_NP2  were_VBDR  produced_VBN  in_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  to_TO  stand_VV0  as_IO  trade_NN  signs_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  doors_NNS  of_IO  tobacco_NN  and_CC  snuff_NN  shops_NNS  .  
  lady_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  toilet_NN  :_:  this_DD1  series_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  Georgian_JJ  artist_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  wear_VV0  early_JJ  seventeenth-century_JB  dress_NN  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  period's_NN1$  enveloping_JJ  white_JJ  apron_NN  bordered_VBN  with_IO  lace_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hold_VV0  hand_NN  mirror_NN  and_CC  brush_NN  to_TO  dress_VV0  their_APP$  waist-long_JJ  hair_NN  .  (_(  plate_NN  171A_MC  .  )_)  
  outdoor_JB  figures_NNS  :_:  life-size_JB  figures_NNS  so_RR  painted_VBN  and_CC  arranged_VBN  that_CS  visitors_NNS  unexpectedly_RR  confronted_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  startled_VBN  into_IO  believing_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  living_JJ  realities_NNS  .  
  red-coated_JJ  soldiers_NNS  stood_VBN  on_IO  guard_NN  in_IO  mansion_NN  porches_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  hotel_NN  stairs_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  tea_NN  gardens_NNS  and_CC  pleasure_NN  grounds_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  tavern_NN  doorways_NNS  ;_;  sailors_NNS  standing_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  dancing_VBG  the_AT1  horn_NN  pipe_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  favourites_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  of_IO  waterside_NN  taverns_NNS  .  
  country_NN  innkeepers_NNS  favoured_VVD  dummies_NNS  of_IO  jugs_NNS  and_CC  glasses_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  dishes_NNS  of_IO  onions_NNS  ,_,  radishes_NNS  ,_,  bread_NN  and_CC  cheese_NN  .  
  pedlars_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  hawkers_NNS  were_VBDR  favourite_JB  outdoor_JB  figures_NNS  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  painting_VBG  :_:  the_AT1  artists_NNS  drew_VVD  his_APP$  outline_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  smooth-surfaced_JJ  board_NN  of_IO  seasoned_JJ  wood_NN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  each_DD1  was_VBDZ  individually_RR  designed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  1760s_MC2  templates_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  table_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  sawn_VBN  to_IO  shape_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  edges_NNS  sharply_RR  bevelled_VBN  .  
  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  washes_NNS  of_IO  boiling_JJ  linseed_NN  oil_NN  were_VBDR  then_RL  applied_VBN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rubbing_VBG  down_RP  with_IO  distemper_NN  or_CC  powdered_VVD  white_JJ  lead_NN  mixed_VBN  with_IO  parchment_NN  paste_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colours_NNS  were_VBDR  painted_VBN  over_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  distemper_NN  soaking_VBG  up_RP  excess_JJ  oil_NN  and_CC  thus_RR  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  brilliance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paint_NN  .  
  this_DD1  radiance_NN  when_CS new_JJ  was_VBDZ  enhanced_VBN  on_IO  fine_JJ  work_NN  by_IO  burnishing_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  and_CC  reds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  result_NN  was_VBDZ  protected_VBN  with_IO  varnish_NN  .  
  unless_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  process_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  board_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  looked_VBN  upon_IO  with_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
  regency_NN  :_:  by_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  dummy_NN  board_NN  figures_NNS  had_VHD  become_VBN  less_RG  showy_JJ  ,_,  typical_JJ  examples_NNS  including_VBG  women_NNS  hawkers_NNS  ,_,  ballad_NN  singers_NNS  ,_,  pedlars_NNS  ,_,  organ_NN  grinders_NNS  with_IO  monkeys_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  later_RRR  ,_,  knights_NNS  in_IO  armour_NN  .  (_(  plate_NN  172B_MC  .  )_)  
  reproductions_NNS  :_:  these_DD2  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mid-Victorian_JJ  period_NN  and_CC  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1920s_MC2  and_CC  1930s_MC2  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  often_RR  costume_NN  portraits_NNS  copied_VBN  from_IO  well-known_JJ  paintings_NNS  and_CC  standing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  hinged_JJ  brackets_NNS  as_CS  on_IO  an_AT1  easel_NN  .  
  these_DD2  modern_JJ  dummies_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  so-called_JB    antique_JJ  finish_NN    to_TO  simulate_VV0  age_NN  .  
  soldiers_NNS  :_:  these_DD2  were_VBDR  depicted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  uniform_NN  worn_VBN  by_IO  grenadiers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  regiment_NN  of_IO  foot_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  George_NP  1_MC1  .  
  an_AT1  eighteenth-century_JB  engraving_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interior_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Chelsea_NP  bun_NN  House_NNL1  illustrates_VBZ  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  grenadiers_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  equestrian_JJ  dummy_NN  board_NN  ,_,  displayed_VBN  on_IO  brackets_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  throwing_VBG  a_AT1  shadow_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  pairs_NNS  consisting_VBG  of_IO  a_AT1  grenadier_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  housemaid_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  recorded_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  soldiers_NNS  are_VBR  about_RR  7_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  with_IO  mitre-shaped_JJ  hats_NNS  about_RR  18_MC  inches_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  always_RR  found_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  18_MC  inches_NNS  apart_RP  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  attention_NN  :_:  the_AT1    heels_NNS  together_RR    position_NN  dates_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Prussian_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  army_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1750s_MC2  .  
  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  red-coated_JJ  soldiers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  recorded_VBN  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1    stand_VV0  at_IO  ease_NN    position_NN  .  
  tables_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  contemporaneous_JJ  name_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  constructed_VBN  from_IO  tongued-and-grooved_JB  units_NNS  joined_VVD  and_CC  prepared_VBN  ready_JJ  for_IO  painting_NN  .  
  trade_NN  card_NN  :_:  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1760s_MC2  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Banks_NP  collection_NN  ,_,  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  issued_VBN  by_IO  John_NP  Potts_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  black_JJ  spread_JJ  eagle_NN  ,_,  King_NNSB1  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  illustrates_VBZ  a_AT1  dummy_NN  board_NN  figure_NN  of_IO  Elizabeth_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  describing_VBG  such_DA  figures_NNS  as_IO    ornaments_NNS  for_IO  halls_NNS  ,_,  stair-cases_NNS  and_CC  chimney_NN  boards_NNS  .  
  at_IO  lowest_JJT  prices_NNS    .  
  Victorian_JJ  :_:  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  reproductions_NNS  of_IO  Georgian_JJ  types_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  series_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  carved_VBN  in_IO  relief_NN  and_CC  painted_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  mounted_VBN  on_IO  four-wheeled_JJ  square_JJ  pedestals_NNS  12_MC  inches_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  women_NNS  with_IO  brooms_NNS  :_:  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stock_NN  pattern_NN  .  
  many_DA  still_RR  remain_VV0  ,_,  identical_JJ  in_IO  size_NN  ,_,  shape_NN  and_CC  pose_NN  ,_,  always_RR  wearing_VBG  white_JJ  or_CC  baize_JJ  aprons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  varying_JJ  faces_NNS  and_CC  dress_NN  details_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  shown_VBN  holding_VBG  soft_JJ  brooms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  bristles_NNS  bound_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  round_JJ  stock_NN  with_IO  three_MC  ornamental_JJ  turned_JJ  knops_NNS  above_II  .  
  they_PPHS2  represent_VV0  ladies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  laudably_RR  domesticated_VBN  rather_RR  than_IO  housemaids_NNS  .  
  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  dress_NN  such_DA  dummy_NN  boards_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  attributed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  1630s_MC2  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  reasonable_JJ  attribution_NN  is_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  dress_NN  having_VHG  been_VBN  copied_VBN  from_IO  early_JJ  Stuart_NP  sources_NNS  (_(  plate_NN  171B_MC  .  )_)  
  jelly_NN  moulds_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Juliet_NP  Sanford_NP  .  
  for_IO  centuries_NNS  jellies_NNS  have_VH0  figured_VBN  importantly_RR  among_IO  English_JJ  desserts_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  upon_IO  festive_JJ  occasions_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  feast_NN  following_IO  George_NP  Neville's_PPIO2  installation_NN  as_IO  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  York_NP  in_IO  1466_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  huge_JJ  dessert_NN  included_VVD    3,000_MC  parted_JJ  (_(  particoloured_JJ  )_)  dishes_NNS  of_IO  jelly_NN  and_CC  4,000_MC  plain_JJ  dishes_NNS  of_IO  jelly_NN    .  
  each_DD1  jelly_NN  was_VBDZ  tabled_VBN  individually_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  earthen_JJ  jelly_NN  pot_NN  except_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  table_NN  where_CS silver_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  .  
  immediately_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  invention_NN  of_IO  flint-glass_NN  in_IO  1676_MC  ,_,  readers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  accomplisht_JJ  cook_NN  ,_,  by_IO  Robert_NP  May_NP  ,_,  1678_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  directed_VBN  to_TO    serve_VV0  jelly_NN  run_VBN  into_IO  little_JJ  round_JJ  glasses_NNS  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  dish_NN    .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  plain_JJ  footless_JJ  bowls_NNS  with_IO  folded_JJ  lips_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  at_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  dozen_MC  under_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  jelly_NN  mortars_NNS  .  
  Georgian_JJ  jellies_NNS  were_VBDR  served_VBN  in_IO  deep_JJ  ,_,  cone-shaped_JJ  glasses_NNS  and_CC  eaten_VBN  with_IO  long_JJ  small-bowled_JJ  spoons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mid-morning_NN  snack_NN  of_IO  jelly_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO    long_JJ  spoon_NN  and_CC  jelly_NN    .  
  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Georgian_JJ  period_NN  individual_NN  moulds_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  white_JJ  salt-glazed_JJ  stoneware_NN  .  
  large_JJ  jelly_NN  moulds_NNS  were_VBDR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hannah_NP  Glasse_NP  whose_PNQV$  complete_JJ  confectioner_NN  ,_,  1753_MC  ,_,  instructed_VVD  her_APP$  readers_NNS  to_TO  pour_VV0  jelly_NN    into_IO  what_DDQ  thing_NN  you_PPY  please_VV0  to_TO  shape_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  and_CC  when_CS cold_JJ  turn_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  sticks_VBZ  dip_VV0  your_APP$  basin_NN  in_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN    .  
  moulds_NNS  to_TO  turn_VV0  out_RP  jellies_NNS  large_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  serve_VV0  several_DA  individual_JJ  helpings_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  by_IO  Josiah_NP  Wedgwood_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  celebrated_JJ  queen's_NN1$  ware_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  these_DD2  were_VBDR  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  moulds_NNS  in_IO  Britannia_NP  metal_NN  ,_,  copper_NN  ,_,  Bristol_NP  stoneware_NN  ,_,  and_CC  flint_NN  enamel_NN  ware_NN  .  
  glossary_NN  .  
  Bristol_NP  stoneware_NN  :_:  jelly_NN  moulds_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  made_VBN  in_IO  brown_JJ  salt-glazed_JJ  stoneware_NN  as_CS  its_APP$  granulated_JJ    orange_NN  peel_NN    surface_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  turn_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  jelly_NN  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  science_NN  .  
  animals'_NN2  deaf_JJ  ears_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Maurice_NP  Burton_NP  ,_,  \0D.Sc_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  since_CS  I_PPIS1  first_RR  became_VVD  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  possible_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  noises_NNS  on_IO  animals_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  if_CS  animals_NNS  had_VHD  more_RG  sensitive_JJ  ears_NNS  than_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  or_CC  were_VBDR  as_RG  allergic_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  of_IO  traffic_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  roads_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  noticeable_JJ  tendency_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  shun_VV0  the_AT1  borders_NNS  of_IO  roads_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  soon_RR  became_VVD  apparent_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  abundance_NN  of_IO  hares_NNS  on_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  people_NNS  put_VVD  their_APP$  hands_NNS  over_IO  their_APP$  ears_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  jet-planes_NNS  go_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  hares_NNS  are_VBR  to_IO  all_DB  appearances_NNS  unmoved_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  contrary_JJ  to_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  study_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  several_DA  striking_JJ  points_NNS  emerged_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  that_CS  although_CS  the_AT1  ears_NNS  of_IO  animals_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  more_RG  acute_JJ  than_IO  ours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  powers_NNS  of_IO  discrimination_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  higher_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  also_RR  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  less_RRR  bothered_VBN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  by_IO  a_AT1  cacophony_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  constantly_RR  passing_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  brain_NN  a_AT1  stream_NN  of_IO  impulses_NNS  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  thoughts_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  closely_RR  linked_VBN  to_IO  everyday_JB  life_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  built_VBN  upon_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  experiences_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  largely_RR  on_IO  sensations_NNS  received_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  senses_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  hearing_NN  .  
  these_DD2  experiences_NNS  are_VBR  continually_RR  being_VBG  added_VBN  to_IO  because_CS  everything_PN1  that_PNQS impinges_VBZ  on_IO  our_APP$  senses_NNS  is_VBZ  meaningful_JJ  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  while_CS  writing_VBG  these_DD2  last_DA  three_MC  sentences_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  set_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  train_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  church_NN  clock_NN  striking_VBG  the_AT1  hour_NN  reminds_VBZ  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  hurry_VV0  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  ready_JJ  on_IO  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  printer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  reminds_VBZ  me_PPIO1  also_RR  ,_,  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  that_CS  yet_RR  another_DD1  hour_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  inexorable_JJ  road_NN  to_IO  eternity_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  two_MC  ideas_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  never_RR  enter_VV0  an_AT1  animal's_NN1$  head_NN  on_IO  hearing_VBG  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  few_DA  seconds_NNS  ,_,  also_RR  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  telephone_NN  bell_NN  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  motor-bicycle_NN  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  barking_VBG  .  
  each_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  minor_JJ  distraction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  telephone_NN  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  need_VM  drop_VV0  this_DD1  task_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  call_NN  and_CC  with_IO  it_PPH1  came_VVD  a_AT1  tangle_NN  of_IO  thoughts_NNS  that_PNQS at_IO  11.30_MC  I_PPIS1  must_VM  not_XX  fail_VV0  to_TO  telephone_VV0  so-and-so_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  telephone_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  but_CCB  what_DDQ  could_VM  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  without_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  of_IO  like_JB  nature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  distant_JJ  motor-cycle_NN  caused_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  momentary_JJ  reflection_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  calamity_NN  of_IO  road_NN  accidents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  barking_JJ  dog_NN  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  pause_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  dogs_NNS  barking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  for_IO  what_DDQ  reason_NN  .  
  by_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  continual_JJ  alertness_NN  to_IO  noises_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  meaning_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  at_IO  times_NNS  so_RR  to_TO  lose_VV0  oneself_PPX1  in_IO  preoccupation_NN  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  oblivious_JJ  to_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  sounds_NNS  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  noise_NN  may_VM  recall_VV0  us_PPIO2   with_IO  a_AT1  mild_JJ  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  violent_JJ  shock_NN  .  
  so_RR  throughout_IO  our_APP$  waking_NN  hours_NNS  we_PPIS2  tend_VV0  to_TO  alternate_VV0  between_IO  an_AT1  awareness_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  small_JJ  sound_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  shock_NN  ,_,  mild_JJ  or_CC  otherwise_RR  ,_,  through_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  been_VBN  aware_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  whatever_DDQ  views_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  hold_VV0  about_IO  how_CS far_RR  the_AT1  higher_JJ  animals_NNS  are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  or_CC  to_TO  reason_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  any_DD  doubt_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  affected_VBN  by_IO  sounds_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  distracted_VBN  by_IO  trivial_JJ  sounds_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  off-guard_JB  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  lost_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  thoughts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  test_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  by_IO  direct_JJ  observation_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  can_VM  employ_VV0  indicators_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  ears_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  animal's_NN1$  moments_NNS  of_IO  alertness_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  tensing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  then_RL  soon_RR  becomes_VBZ  apparent_JJ  that_CS  an_AT1  animal_NN  normally_RR  pays_VBZ  little_DA  attention_NN  to_IO  sounds_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  cause_NN  for_IO  alarm_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  food_NN  or_CC  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  species_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  air_NN  is_VBZ  free_JJ  of_IO  sounds_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  machinery_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  filled_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  made_VBN  by_IO  birds_NNS  ,_,  insects_NNS  ,_,  rustling_JJ  leaves_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  natural_JJ  sounds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  alive_JJ  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  yet_CF  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  tell_VV0  an_AT1  animal_NN  ignores_VBZ  them_PPHO1  all_DB  unless_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  significance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  immediately_RR  react_VV0  to_IO  any_DD  alarm_NN  note_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  note_NN  of_IO  aggression_NN  .  
  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  another_DD1  way_NN  round_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  shut_VV0  its_APP$  ears_NNS  to_IO  noise_NN  in_RR  general_RR  yet_CF  remain_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  alert_NN  for_IO  particular_JJ  sounds_NNS  which_DDQ  by_IO  tradition_NN  or_CC  experience_NN  compel_VV0  its_APP$  reaction_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  possess_VV0  this_DD1  faculty_NN  ,_,  although_CS  some_DD  have_VH0  it_PPH1  more_RRR  than_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  animals_NNS  can_VM  ,_,  and_CC  habitually_RR  do_VD0  ,_,  exploit_VV0  it_PPH1  more_RRR  than_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  largely_RR  because_CS  their_APP$  world_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  makes_VBZ  fewer_DA  demands_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  senses_NNS  .  
  some_DD  animals_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  pronounced_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  a_AT1  deaf_JJ  ear_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  test_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  wild_JJ  animal_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  mere_JB  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  observer_NN  ,_,  however_CS well_RR  hidden_VBN  ,_,  tends_VBZ  to_TO  threaten_VV0  its_APP$  security_NN  and_CC  put_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  alert_NN  .  
  domesticated_JJ  animals_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  security_NN  is_VBZ  assured_VBN  ,_,  often_RR  provide_VV0  outstanding_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  dogs_NNS  and_CC  donkeys_NNS  can_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  stone-deaf_JJ  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  all_DB  words_NNS  of_IO  command_NN  or_CC  entreaty_NN  ,_,  all_DB  persuasive_JJ  or_CC  cajoling_JJ  sounds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  responding_VBG  instantly_RR  to_IO  even_RR  a_AT1  slight_JJ  noise_NN  suggestive_JJ  of_IO  something_PN1  pleasurable_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  dog_NN  may_VM  lie_VV0  as_CS  if_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  trance_NN  ,_,  apparently_RR  unhearing_JJ  ,_,  yet_CF  spring_VV0  to_IO  action_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  slight_JJ  metallic_JJ  sound_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  lead_NN  being_VBG  taken_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  hook_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  faintly_RR  whispered_JJ  word_NN    walk_NC2  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  category_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  the_AT1  higher_JJ  animals_NNS  at_RR  least_RR  react_VV0  violently_RR  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  sounds_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  car_NN  backfiring_VBG  will_VM  send_VV0  the_AT1  city_NN  pigeons_NNS  flying_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  theory_NN  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  that_CS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  descended_VBN  from_IO  rock_NN  doves_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  survival_NN  value_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  innate_JJ  reaction_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  them_PPHO1  fly_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  cliff_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  otherwise_RR  engulf_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  theory_NN  has_VHZ  many_DA  weaknesses_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  that_CS  many_DA  kinds_NNS  of_IO  birds_NNS  will_VM  react_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  sound_NN  creates_VBZ  alarm_NN  among_IO  most_DA  animals_NNS  with_IO  ears_NNS  .  
  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  among_IO  fishes_NNS  or_CC  frogs_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  rule_NN  among_IO  birds_NNS  and_CC  mammals_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  probably_RR  created_VVD  alarm_NN  among_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  also_RR  before_CS  ever_RR  gunpowder_NN  or_CC  \0TNT_NN  were_VBDR  invented_VBN    the_AT1  word_NN    explode_NC2  ,_,    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  antedates_VBZ  their_APP$  invention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  modern_JJ  but_CCB  pre-nuclear_JB  warfare_NN  the_AT1  wear_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  nerves_NNS  from_IO  explosives_NNS  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  more_RG  telling_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  casualties_NNS  inflicted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  exploding_JJ  missiles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  in_IO  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  broadest_JJT  generalities_NNS  about_IO  animals'_NN2  reactions_NNS  to_IO  sounds_NNS  because_CS  hearing_NN  varies_VBZ  widely_RR  from_IO  one_MC1  species_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  as_CS  does_VBZ  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  sound_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  animals_NNS  that_PNQS use_VV0  it_PPH1  themselves_PPX2  .  
  a_AT1  dog_NN  may_VM  use_VV0  a_AT1  particularly_RR  explosive_JJ  bark_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  dog_NN  under_IO  certain_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  almost_RR  as_RG  devastating_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  bursting_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  projectile_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  ear_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rifle_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  flock_NN  of_IO  pigeons_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  avoid_VV0  confusing_VBG  the_AT1  issue_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ignore_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  extreme_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  deleterious_JJ  sounds_NNS  ,_,  those_DD2  that_PNQS make_VV0  telephone_NN  operators_NNS  faint_VV0  or_CC  the_AT1  jingling_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  keys_NNS  that_PNQS sends_VBZ  a_AT1  mouse_NN  into_IO  something_PN1  approaching_VBG  hysterics_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  as_RG  interesting_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  inventors_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  ,_,  probably_RR  intuitively_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  explosive_JJ  and_CC  aggressive_JJ  sounds_NNS  as_IO  warning_JJ  signals_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  on_IO  automobiles_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  purely_RR  explosive_JJ  sounds_NNS  ,_,  those_DD2  that_PNQS stir_VV0  most_DA  animals_NNS  to_IO  rapid_JJ  action_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  snarls_NNS  ,_,  growls_NNS  ,_,  barks_NNS  or_CC  long_RR  drawn-out_JJ  roars_NNS  of_IO  predators_NNS  or_CC  rivals_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  representative_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  motor-horns_NNS  would_VM  approximate_VV0  fairly_RR  closely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  aggressive_JJ  or_CC  warning_JJ  sounds_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  wild_JJ  beasts_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  important_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  toleration_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  is_VBZ  familiarity_NN  .  
  our_APP$  Victorian_JJ  ancestors_NNS  probably_RR  found_VVD  the_AT1  noises_NNS  from_IO  horse_NN  traffic_NN  insufferable_JJ  at_IO  times_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  age_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  cry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night-watchman_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  but_CCB  excruciating_JJ  nuisance_NN  .  
  each_DD1  generation_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  the_AT1  noises_NNS  it_PPH1  grows_VBZ  up_RP  with_IO  and_CC  to_TO  abominate_VV0  the_AT1  additional_JJ  noises_NNS  that_PNQS appear_VV0  later_RRR  .  
  generations_NNS  of_IO  hares_NNS  succeed_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  with_IO  far_RR  greater_JJ  rapidity_NN  than_IO  generations_NNS  of_IO  humans_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  hares_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  have_VH0  probably_RR  by_IO  now_RL  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  jet-planes_NNS  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  environment_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  great_JJ  advantage_NN  over_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS mammals_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  can_VM  put_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  traffic_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  roads_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  that_PNQS have_VH0  movable_JJ  ears_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  only_RR  turn_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  direction_NN  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  slight_JJ  or_CC  distant_JJ  sounds_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  can_VM  also_RR  turn_VV0  them_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  disagreeable_JJ  sounds_NNS    and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  science_NN  .  
  coypu_NNS  and_CC  pest-control_NN  .  
  by_IO  Maurice_NP  Burton_NP  ,_,  \0D.Sc_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  coypu_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  animals_NNS  introduced_VBN  into_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  whose_PNQV$  residence_NN  here_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  regret_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  south_NN1  American_JJ  rodent_NN  ,_,  rat-like_JJ  although_CS  its_APP$  nearest_JJT  relatives_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  porcupines_NNS  ,_,  measuring_VBG  over_RR  a_AT1  yard_NN  long_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  and_CC  weighing_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  20_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  originally_RR  brought_VBN  here_RL  about_IO  1930_MC  to_TO  be_VB0  farmed_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  fur_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  nutria_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  coypu_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  escape_VV0  and_CC  are_VBR  now_RL  well_RR  established_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  ,_,  notably_RR  in_IO  East_NP  Anglia_NP  and_CC  especially_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Norfolk_NP  Broads_NPLS  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  believed_VBN  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  constitute_VV0  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  but_CCB  opinion_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  turned_VBN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  last_DA  week_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  put_VBN  forward_RR  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  coypu_NNS  to_TO  combat_VV0  another_DD1  nuisance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Kariba_NP  Lake_NNL1  ,_,  formed_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  Kariba_NP  dam_NN  was_VBDZ  completed_VBN  ,_,  has_VHZ  become_VBN  infested_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  water_NN  plant_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  that_PNQS grows_VBZ  at_IO  an_AT1  alarming_JJ  rate_NN  and_CC  threatens_VBZ  to_TO  damage_VV0  the_AT1  special_JJ  intakes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  dam_NN  .  
  the_AT1  menace_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  is_VBZ  serious_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  merit_VV0  almost_RR  any_DD  suggestion_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  controlling_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  one_MC1  ,_,  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Atkinson_NP  of_IO  Lowestoft_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  brilliant_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  simplicity_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  coypu_NNS  in_IO  East_NP  Anglia_NP  ,_,  estimated_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  million_MC  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  trapped_VBN  and_CC  exported_VBN  to_IO  Kariba_NP  Lake_NNL1  to_TO  feed_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  menacing_JJ  weed_NN  .  
  were_VBDR  such_DA  a_AT1  plan_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  shown_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  successful_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  contain_VV0  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  biological_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  one_MC1  nuisance_NN  to_TO  combat_VV0  another_DD1  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  animals_NNS  and_CC  plants_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  transported_VBN  ,_,  either_LE  accidentally_RR  or_CC  deliberately_RR  ,_,  from_IO  one_MC1  continent_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  the_AT1  results_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  beneficial_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  harmless_JJ  but_CCB  in_IO  far_RR  too_RG  many_DA  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  disastrous_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  to-day_NN1  one_MC1  looks_VBZ  at_IO  any_DD  further_JB  plan_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  animals_NNS  into_IO  an_AT1  alien_JJ  environment_NN  with_IO  caution_NN  if_CS  not_XX  deep_JJ  suspicion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  question_NN  one_MC1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  ask_VV0  is_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  coypu_NN  would_VM  eat_VV0  this_DD1  particular_JJ  weed_NN  and_CC  in_IO  sufficient_JJ  quantity_NN  to_TO  counterbalance_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  remarkable_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  multiplication_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  comment_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  remarkably_RR  few_DA  animals_NNS  ,_,  outside_IO  the_AT1  insects_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS feed_VV0  exclusively_RR  on_IO  one_MC1  item_NN  of_IO  diet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  koala_NN  feeds_VBZ  on_IO  nothing_PN1  but_IO  eucalyptus_NN  leaves_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  always_RR  quoted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  striking_JJ  and_CC  exceptional_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  animal_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  restricted_JJ  diet_NN  .  
  most_DA  animals_NNS  like_VV0  variety_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  especially_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  rodents_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  highly_RR  important_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  to_TO  know_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  diet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coypu_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  on_IO  my_APP$  shelves_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  score_NN  of_IO  authoritative_JJ  works_NNS  on_IO  mammals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  noteworthy_JJ  that_CS  although_CS  they_PPHS2  all_DB  contain_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  coypu_NN  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  make_VV0  no_AT1  mention_NN  at_IO  all_DB  of_IO  its_APP$  diet_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  state_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  food_NN  is_VBZ  green_JJ  vegetation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  just_RR    vegetation_NN  ,_,    or_CC  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  feeds_VBZ  on_IO  water_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  for_IO  our_APP$  present_JJ  purpose_NN  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  water_NN  plants_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  wholly_RR  aquatic_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  water_NN  lilies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  plants_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  soft_JJ  ,_,  to_IO  waterside_NN  plants_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  usually_RR  tough_JJ  and_CC  fibrous_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  predominant_JJ  organization_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  manufactured_JJ  goods_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  merchant_NN  who_PNQS carries_VBZ  stocks_NNS  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  trades_NNS    \0e.g_RR  ,_,  hardware_NN    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  factor_NN  .  
  besides_IO  owning_VBG  and_CC  warehousing_VBG  the_AT1  goods_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wholesaler_NN  may_VM  process_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  chiefly_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  agricultural_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  tea_NN  merchant_NN  blends_NNS  and_CC  packets_NNS  tea_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  seeds_NNS  merchant_NN  cleans_VBZ  and_CC  sorts_VBZ  seeds_NNS  obtained_VBN  from_IO  growers_NNS  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  intermediaries_NNS  (_(  whether_CS  merchants_NNS  or_CC  agents_NNS  )_)  actually_RR  handle_VV0  the_AT1  merchandise_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  deal_VV0  ;_;  they_PPHS2  may_VM  merely_RR  provide_VV0  a_AT1  link_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  supply_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  merchant's_NN1$  true_JJ  functions_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  may_VM  include_VV0  such_DA  services_NNS  to_IO  retailers_NNS  as_IO  communications_NNS  ,_,  selection_NN  ,_,  stockholding_NN  ,_,  credit_NN  facilities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  transportation_NN  )_)  requires_VBZ  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  capital_NN  outlay_NN  .  
  only_RR  by_IO  operating_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  can_VM  the_AT1  large_JJ  overhead_JB  costs_NNS  be_VB0  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  turnover_NN  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  produce_VV0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  net_JB  profit_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  1950_MC  census_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  over_RR  four-fifths_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  of_IO  merchants_NNS  was_VBDZ  handled_VBN  by_IO  wholesalers_NNS  each_DD1  with_IO  an_AT1  annual_JJ  turnover_NN  of_IO  over_RR  *+100,000_NNU  .  
  though_CS  in_IO  discussing_VBG  wholesalers_NNS  we_PPIS2  generally_RR  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  function_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  firm_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  task_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  split_VBN  up_RP  between_IO  two_MC  or_CC  even_RR  more_DA  intermediaries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  trades_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  horticultural_JJ  products_NNS  and_CC  fish_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  often_RR  exists_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  a_AT1  collecting_JJ  organization_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  also_RR  process_VV0  ,_,  grade_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  pack_NN  before_IO  reselling_VBG  in_IO  bulk_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  wholesaler_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS performs_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  services_NNS  normally_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  wholesaling_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  convenient_JJ  to_TO  classify_VV0  wholesale_JB  merchants_NNS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sales_NNS  territory_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  .  
  thus_RR  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  firms_NNS  are_VBR  national_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  ,_,  distributing_VBG  goods_NNS  to_IO  every_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  carry_VV0  large_JJ  stocks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  brands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  operate_VV0  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  delivery_NN  service_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  area_NN  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  class_NN  covers_VBZ  only_RR  specific_JJ  parts_NNS  or_CC  regions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN    perhaps_RR  northern_JJ  England_NP  or_CC  Scotland_NP  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  wholesaler_NN  confines_VBZ  his_APP$  custom_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  smaller_JJ  area_NN    often_RR  a_AT1  radius_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  warehouse_NN  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  and_CC  regional_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  usually_RR  offer_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  restricted_JJ  service_NN  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  wholesaler_NN  .  
  some_DD  wholesalers_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  branches_NNS  or_CC  stock-rooms_NNS  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  general_JJ  and_CC  specialist_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  wholesalers_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  classified_VBN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  stock_NN  carried_VBN  .  
  though_CS  generally_RR  they_PPHS2  specialize_VV0  in_IO  one_MC1  group_NN  of_IO  commodities_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  variation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  specialization_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  trade_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  numbers_NNS  of_IO  firms_NNS  and_CC  turnover_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  analogous_JJ  to_IO  department_NN  stores_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  departments_NNS  (_(  frequently_RR  twenty_MC  to_IO  twenty-five_MC  )_)  selling_VBG  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  rather_RR  unrelated_JJ  commodities_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  choice_NN  within_IO  each_DD1  commodity_NN  group_NN  .  
  such_DA  firms_NNS  may_VM  employ_VV0  five_MC  hundred_MC  or_CC  more_DA    inside_JB  staff_NN    and_CC  up_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  travellers_NNS  .  
  most_DA  general_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  occupy_VV0  large_JJ  buildings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  cities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  normally_RR  have_VH0  branches_NNS  or_CC  stock-rooms_NNS  strategically_RR  situated_VBN  in_IO  other_DA  large_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  attraction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  wholesaler_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  together_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retailer_NN  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  merchandise_NN  under_IO  one_MC1  roof_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  the_AT1  general_JJ  house_NN  has_VHZ  tended_VBN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  attention_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  related_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  commodities_NNS  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  specialization_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  a_AT1  stage_NN  farther_RRR  the_AT1  wholesaler_NN  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  specialist_JJ  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  term_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  may_VM  imply_VV0  anything_PN1  from_IO  a_AT1  wholesaler_NN  carrying_VBG  one_MC1  commodity_NN  group_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  with_IO  several_DA  hundred_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  being_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  similarity_NN  of_IO  commodities_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  on_IO  their_APP$  number_NN  .  
  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  house_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  of_IO  moderate_JJ  size_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  textile_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  departments_NNS  .  
  millinery_NN  ,_,  piece-goods_NNS  ,_,  lace_NN  ,_,  and_CC  children's_NN2  wear_NN  seem_VV0  particularly_RR  suited_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  extreme_JJ  cases_NNS  specialists_NNS  deal_VV0  in_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  articles_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  they_PPHS2  become_VV0  sole_JB  distributing_JJ  agents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  specialist_NN  is_VBZ  partly_RR  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  manufacturer_NN  pressure_NN  for_IO  more_RG  concentrated_JJ  selling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  partly_RR  through_IO  his_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  an_AT1  authority_NN  on_IO  quality_NN  and_CC  value_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  particular_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  business_NN  .  
  cash-and-carry_JB  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  form_NN  eliminates_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  operations_NNS  traditionally_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  wholesaling_NN  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  lower_JJ  prices_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  credit_NN  facilities_NNS  or_CC  delivery_NN  services_NNS  available_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  any_DD  outside_JB  outside_JB  selling_NN  .  
  such_DA  wholesalers_NNS  are_VBR  chiefly_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  household_NN  goods_NNS  ,_,  toys_NNS  ,_,  and_CC    market_NN  lines_NNS    (_(  very_RG  cheap_JJ  merchandise_NN  for_IO  street_NN  markets_NNS  )_)    wherever_CS a_AT1  commodity_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  stock-turn_JB  potential_NN  .  
  cash-and-carry_JB  wholesalers_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  increase_VV0  in_IO  number_NN  .  
  agents_NNS  ,_,  brokers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  small_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  small_JJ  firms_NNS  ,_,  trading_VBG  under_IO  various_JJ  titles_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  though_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  acquire_VV0  title_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  they_PPHS2  sell_VV0  ,_,  either_LE  never_RR  actually_RR  hold_VV0  them_PPHO1  or_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  only_RR  transfer_VV0  them_PPHO1  without_IO  further_JB  processing_NN  or_CC  servicing_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  trade_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  trader_NN  is_VBZ  picturesquely_RR  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    brass_NN  plate_NN    merchant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  similar_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  intermediary_NN  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  clothing_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  sometimes_RR  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  speculator_NN  entering_NN  and_CC  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  trade_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commission_NN  merchant_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  called_VBN  ,_,  operates_VBZ  without_IO  stock_NN  (_(  and_CC  frequently_RR  on_IO  credit_NN  )_)  ,_,  selling_VBG  entirely_RR  from_IO  manufacturers'_NN2  samples_NNS  and_CC  placing_VBG  orders_NNS  only_RR  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  his_APP$  sales_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  manufacturer's_NN1$  agent_NN  carries_VBZ  out_RP  functions_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  wholesaler's_NN1$  representative_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  unlike_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  self-employed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  remunerated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  service_NN  fee_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  more_RG  usually_RR  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  commission_NN  on_IO  all_DB  sales_NNS  made_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  agent_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  given_VBN  the_AT1  sole_JB  rights_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  particular_JJ  area_NN  .  
  agents_NNS  are_VBR  primarily_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  selling_VBG  to_IO  wholesalers_NNS  or_CC  to_IO  central_JJ  offices_NNS  of_IO  chains_NNS  of_IO  shops_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  enable_VV0  a_AT1  manufacturer_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  permanently_RR  represented_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  areas_NNS  by_IO  people_NNS  familiar_JJ  with_IO  business_NN  conditions_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  save_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  branches_NNS  .  
  co-operative_JJ  wholesaling_NN  .  
  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  units_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  trade_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  main_JB  societies_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Scotland_NP  respectively_RR  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  exist_VV0  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  many_DA  retail_NN  co-operatives_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  capital_NN  and_CC  exercise_VV0  control_NN  .  
  in_IO  return_NN  the_AT1  local_JJ  societies_NNS  receive_VV0  dividends_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  purchases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  wholesale_JB  society_NN  ,_,  with_IO  headquarters_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  and_CC  four_MC  big_JJ  branch_NN  depots_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  existence_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ    wholesale_NN    was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  shortly_RR  after_II  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  societies_NNS  have_VH0  established_VBN  their_APP$  own_DA  factories_NNS  ,_,  producing_VBG  goods_NNS  in_IO  1957_MC  worth_IO  just_RR  over_RR  *+160_NNU  \0m_MC  ,_,  chiefly_RR  for_IO  producing_VBG  foodstuffs_NNS  and_CC  household_NN  goods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  owns_VBZ  ships_NNS  ,_,  farms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  plantations_NNS  ,_,  transacts_VBZ  considerable_JJ  banking_NN  business_NN  ,_,  and_CC  shares_VBZ  with_IO  its_APP$  Scottish_JJ  counterpart_NN  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  insurance_NN  society_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  societies_NNS  also_RR  own_VV0  and_CC  control_VV0  the_AT1  English_JJ  and_CC  Scottish_JJ  joint_JB  \0C.W.S._NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  performs_VBZ  the_AT1  special_JJ  services_NNS  of_IO  tea-_NN  and_CC  coffee-blending_NN  and_CC  cocoa_NN  and_CC  chocolate_NN  production_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  1938_MC  one-tenth_MC  of_IO  all_DB  Britain's_PPIO2  imports_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  reached_VVD  housewives_NNS  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  ,_,  and_CC  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  was_VBDZ  purchased_VBN  direct_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  overseas_JB  markets_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  buying_NN  organization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  depots_NNS  in_IO  many_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  is_VBZ  controlled_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  elected_JJ  board_NN  of_IO  directors_NNS  of_IO  twenty-eight_MC  ,_,  seven_MC  of_IO  whom_WPO  retire_VV0  annually_RR  .  
  all_DB  are_VBR  full-time_JB  salaried_JJ  officials_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  meets_VBZ  weekly_RR  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Newcastle_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  biggest_JJT  businesses_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  over_RR  three-fifths_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  sold_VBN  by_IO  retail_NN  societies_NNS  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  \0C.W.S_NP  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  turnover_NN  in_IO  1957_MC  amounted_VVD  to_IO  about_RR  *+454_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  wholesaling_NN  and_CC  integration_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  trends_NNS  in_IO  distribution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  desire_NN  of_IO  manufacturers_NNS  to_TO  control_VV0  the_AT1  wholesaling_NN  functions_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  this_DD1  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  usually_RR  achieved_VBN  by_IO  establishing_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  wholesale_JB  department_NN  and_CC  depots_NNS  where_CS necessary_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  occasionally_RR  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  acquired_VBN  existing_JJ  wholesale_JB  organizations_NNS  .  
  some_DD  wholesalers_NNS  seeking_VBG  to_TO  maintain_VV0  their_APP$  traditional_JJ  position_NN  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  the_AT1  defensive_JJ  policy_NN  of_IO  integrating_VBG  with_IO  certain_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  .  
  such_DA  vertical_JJ  expansion_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  chiefly_RR  to_TO  direct_VV0  and_CC  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  profitable_JJ  lines_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  organization_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  large_JJ  retailer_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  many_DA  outlets_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  decide_VV0  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  wholesaling_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  large_JJ  wholesale_JB  houses_NNS  had_VHD  their_APP$  beginnings_NNS  as_IO  retailers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wholesale_JB  warehouse_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  often_RR  operated_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  ancillary_JJ  concern_NN  (_(  generally_RR  a_AT1  subsidiary_JJ  company_NN  )_)  ,_,  perhaps_RR  under_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  name_NN  .  
  an_AT1  existing_JJ  wholesaler_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  over_RP  .  
  some_DD  large_JJ  groups_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  Debenhams_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ  universal_JJ  stores_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  several_DA  wholesale_JB  subsidiaries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  trades_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  fruit_NN  and_CC  tobacco_NN  ,_,  firms_NNS  buy_VV0  merchandise_NN  in_IO  bulk_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  shops_NNS  and_CC  resell_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  need_VV0  to_IO  smaller_JJ  shops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  circumstances_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  primarily_RR  retailers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  use_VV0  the_AT1  terms_NNS    wholesale_NC2    or_CC    warehouse_NC2    as_IO  a_AT1  customer-catching_JJ  device_NN  .  
  while_CS  wholesalers_NNS  are_VBR  generally_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  direct_JJ  sales_NNS  to_IO  certain_JJ  classes_NNS  of_IO  final_JJ  customer_NN    \0e.g_RR  ,_,  schools_NNS  and_CC  large_JJ  industrial_JJ  firms_NNS    some_DD  have_VH0  established_VBN  a_AT1  special_JJ  department_NN  to_TO  sell_VV0  direct_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  on_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  after_IO  a_AT1  proper_JJ  introduction_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  retailer_NN  .  
  other_DA  wholesalers_NNS  have_VH0  expanded_VBN  forward_RR  into_IO  retailing_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  requisition_NN  of_IO  shops_NNS  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  threats_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  changed_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  distribution_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  double_JJ  profit_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  transaction_NN  .  
  this_DD1  policy_NN  has_VHZ  aroused_VBN  considerable_JJ  rancour_NN  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS the_AT1  shop_NN  takes_VBZ  only_RR  part_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  merchandise_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  parent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  weakened_VBN  wholesale-retail_JB  co-operation_NN  .  
  location_NN  of_IO  warehouses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  distinctive_JJ  premises_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  wholesaler_NN  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  warehouse_NN  ,_,  since_CS  normally_RR  large_JJ  stocks_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  premises_NNS  are_VBR  generally_RR  utilized_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  strictly_RR  practical_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  wholesaler's_NN1$  appeal_NN  is_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  businessman_NN  .  
  a_AT1  wholesale_JB  merchant's_NN1$  business_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  set_VBN  up_RP  anywhere_RR  ;_;  his_APP$  warehouse_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  most_DA  service_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  customers_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  reach_VV0  it_PPH1  easily_RR  and_CC  quickly_RR  .  
  consequently_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  established_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  centre_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  district_NN  .  
  London_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  centre_NN  of_IO  wholesale_JB  textile_NN  distribution_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Manchester_NP  not_XX  far_RR  behind_RP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  city_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usual_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  those_DD2  of_IO  one_MC1  trade_NN  located_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  quarter_NN  or_CC  street_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  market_NN  or_CC  exchange_NN  near_II  by_RP  .  
  thus_RR  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Mark_NP  Lane_NNL1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  centre_NN  for_IO  corn_NN  merchants_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  Manchester_NP  all_DB  the_AT1  big_JJ  textile_NN  houses_NNS  are_VBR  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  environs_NNS  of_IO  Piccadilly_NP  .  
  this_DD1  concentration_NN  of_IO  trades_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  is_VBZ  convenient_JJ  both_DB2  to_IO  customers_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  manufacturers'_NN2  salesmen_NNS  .  
  organization_NN  .  
  though_CS  a_DA  few_DA  small_JJ  businesses_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  specializing_VBG  in_IO  certain_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  business_NN    \0e.g_RR  ,_,  millinery_NN  ,_,  trimmings_NNS    are_VBR  run_VBN  by_IO  single_JJ  traders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  partnership_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  fairly_RR  frequently_RR  met_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  general_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  proprietorship_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  company_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  capital_NN  requirements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  .  
  wholesale_JB  directors_NNS  are_VBR  almost_RR  invariably_RR  executive_JJ  or_CC  working_JJ  directors_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  full_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  function_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wholesaling_NN  task_NN  is_VBZ  indicated_VBN  by_IO  a_DA  few_DA  facts_NNS  about_IO  wholesale_JB  textile_NN  distribution_NN  .  
  large_JJ  wholesalers_NNS  carry_VV0  an_AT1  average_JJ  stock_NN  of_IO  *+1,000,000_NNU  ;_;  they_PPHS2  dispatch_VV0  approximately_RR  2000_MC  parcels_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN  to_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  10,000-15,000_MC-MC  retail_NN  accounts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  receive_VV0  supplies_NNS  from_IO  anything_PN1  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  suppliers_NNS  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  documentation_NN  and_CC  handling_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  customer's_NN1$  order_NN  may_VM  involve_VV0  thirty-two_MC  separate_JJ  operations_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  in_IO  reverse_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  goods_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  comply_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  retailer's_NN1$  requirements_NNS  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  merchandise_NN  carried_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  organization_NN  broadly_RR  resembles_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  department_NN  store_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  department_NN  forming_VBG  a_AT1  separate_JJ  unit_NN  under_IO  a_AT1  departmental_JJ  manager_NN  .  
  frequently_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  main_JB  departments_NNS  :_:  buying_NN  ,_,  warehousing_NN  ,_,  selling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  administration_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  usually_RR  separate_JJ  buyers_NNS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  section_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  activities_NNS  are_VBR  co-ordinated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  purchasing_NN  department_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  also_RR  deals_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  paper-work_NN  .  
  warehousing_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  specialized_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  include_VV0  assembling_VBG  ,_,  grading_VBG  ,_,  breaking_VBG  bulk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  packing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  wholesaler_NN  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  selling_NN  organization_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  manufacturer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  selling_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  by_IO  trained_JJ  travellers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  wholesaler's_NN1$  showrooms_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  very_RG  important_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  retailer_NN  is_VBZ  offered_VBN  a_AT1  huge_JJ  stock_NN  and_CC  variety_NN  of_IO  merchandise_NN  which_DDQ  no_AT1  other_DA  system_NN  could_VM  bring_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  under_IO  one_MC1  roof_NN  .  
  \0D_NP  England_NP  .  
  focus_NN  on_IO  English_JJ  fare_NN  .  
  at_IO  an_AT1  old-established_JJ  hotel_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  east_NN1  coast_NN  resort_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  notice_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  menu_NN  card_NN  :_:  
    epicures_NNS  agree_VV0  that_CS  English_JJ  food_NN  well_RR  cooked_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  hotel_NN  specializes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  English_JJ  cooking_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  canned_VBN  or_CC  twice_RR  cooked_VBN  is_VBZ  ever_RR  served_VBN  .    
  an_AT1  admirable_JJ  and_CC  unexpected_JJ  statement_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  backed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  twelve-month_JB  campaign_NN  to_TO  promote_VV0  British_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  launched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  farm_NN  produce_NN  council_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  staging_VBG  four_MC  large-scale_JB  exhibitions_NNS  at_IO  major_JJ  urban_JJ  centres_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ,_,  twelve_MC  displays_NNS  in_IO  stores_NNS  in_IO  regional_JJ  towns_NNS  and_CC  joint_JB  ventures_NNS  with_IO  such_DA  organizations_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  townswomen's_NN2  guilds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  gas_NN  council_NN  ,_,  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  ,_,  Welsh_JJ  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  development_NN  boards_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  large-scale_JB  show_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  from_IO  11-16_MC-MC  September_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  chairman_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0R_NP  Trehane_NP  ,_,  commenting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    British_JJ  shoppers_NNS  should_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  food_NN  that_PNQS comes_VBZ  from_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  farmers_NNS  and_CC  growers_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .    
  and_CC  the_AT1  farming_JJ  community_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  especially_RR  pleased_JJ  that_CS  its_APP$  products_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  get_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  boost_NN  just_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  effective_JJ    on_IO  the_AT1  customer's_NN1$  doorstep_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  farm_NN  produce_NN  council_NN  was_VBDZ  launched_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  .  
  its_APP$  basic_JJ  aims_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  buying_JJ  public_NN  more_DA  about_IO  British_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  how_CS to_TO  choose_VV0  and_CC  how_CS to_TO  cook_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  let_VV0  farmers_NNS  and_CC  growers_NNS  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  shopper_NN  thinks_VBZ  about_IO  their_APP$  products_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  has_VHZ  plenty_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  upon_IO  for_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  foods_NNS  is_VBZ  amazingly_RR  wide_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  offered_VVD  its_APP$  customers_NNS  a_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  no_AT1  fewer_DA  than_IO  500_MC  recipes_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  English_JJ  fare_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  were_VBDR  selected_VBN  from_IO  as_RG  many_DA  as_IO  fifteen_MC  hundred_MC  recipes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  menu_NN  included_VVD  a_AT1  milk_NN  soup_NN  from_IO  Sussex_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  star_NN  gazy_JJ  pie_NN  from_IO  Cornwall_NP  ,_,  herrings_NNS  ,_,  beef_NN  olives_NNS  from_IO  Cheshire_NP  with_IO  dumplings_NNS  and_CC  green_JJ  peas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  Welbeck_NP  pudding_NN  from_IO  Nottinghamshire_NP  .  
  these_DD2  merely_RR  touch_VV0  the_AT1  fringe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  evident_JJ  when_CS a_AT1  folk_JB  cookery_NN  exhibition_NN  was_VBDZ  staged_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  eatables_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  delightful_JJ  names_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  included_VVD  Yule_NP  cakes_NNS  eaten_VBN  in_IO  Yorkshire_NP  between_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  and_CC  new_JJ  year's_NN1$  day_NN  ;_;  Sedgmoor_NP  Easter_NP  cakes_NNS  ;_;    Tyneside_NP  Yule_NP  Doos_NP2  ,_,    childish_JJ  figures_NNS  supposed_VBN  to_TO  represent_VV0  the_AT1  infant_NN  Jesus_NP  ,_,  and_CC  made_VBN  by_IO  Tyneside_NP  mothers_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  on_IO  baking_NN  day_NN  ;_;    checky_JJ  pigs_NNS    from_IO  Leicestershire_NP  ;_;  lardy_JJ  cakes_NNS  and_CC  wafers_NNS  for_IO  mothering_NN  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  from_IO  Devizes_NP  ;_;  Devonshire_NP  applecake_NN  ;_;  Bakewell_NP  tart_NN  from_IO  Derbyshire_NP  ;_;  Deddington_NP  pudding_NN  pies_NNS  ;_;  Cornish_JJ    black_JJ  cake_NN    ;_;  burying_JJ  cake_NN  ,_,  from_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  English_JJ  recipe_NN  ;_;  Yorkshire_NP  oatcake_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  in_IO  strips_NNS  ;_;  Melton_NP  Mowbray_NP  pork_NN  pie_NN  ;_;  gilt_JJ  gingerbread_NN  from_IO  Bute_NP  ;_;  parkin_NN  from_IO  Yorkshire_NP  ;_;  Grasmere_NP  gingerbread_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  looks_VBZ  like_IO  shortbread_NN  ;_;  Congleton_NP  gingerbread_NN  with_IO  rice-paper_NN  underneath_II  ;_;  and_CC  Coventry_NP    God_NP  cake_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  dates_VBZ  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  or_CC  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  given_VBN  when_CS a_AT1  godchild_NN  was_VBDZ  christened_VBN  or_CC  made_VVD  its_APP$  first_MD  communion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pastry_NN  cake_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Banbury_NP  cake_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  isosceles_NN  triangle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  slashed_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  and_CC  ornamented_VBN  with_IO  sugar_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  delightful_JJ  exhibits_NNS  ever_RR  put_VBN  on_RP  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Gothic_JJ  Hall_NNL1  of_IO  Lacock_NP  Abbey_NNL1  ,_,  four_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  Chippenham_NP  .  
  local_JJ  dishes_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  were_VBDR  displayed_VBN  in_IO  rich_JJ  profusion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  were_VBDR  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  making_NN  .  
  dainties_NNS  still_RR  made_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  like_IO  Welsh_JJ  bakestone_NN  loaf_NN  ,_,  Selkirk_NP  bannocks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Dublin_NP  barm_NN  brack_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  in_IO  company_NN  with_IO  more_RG  strictly_RR  period_JB  exhibits_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Queen_NNSB1  Henrietta_NP  Maria's_PPIO2  morning_NN  broth_NN    for_CS  in_IO  Charles_NP  1's_$  day_NN  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  chicken_NN  broth_NN  for_IO  breakfast_NN    and_CC  salmagundi_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  favourite_JB  supper_NN  dish_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  and_CC  obviously_RR  the_AT1  ancestor_NN  of_IO  hors_NN  d'oeuvre_NN"  .  
  dishes_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  displayed_VBN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  cooked_VBN  and_CC  eaten_VBN  centuries_NNS  ago_RR  at_IO  Lacock_NP  Abbey_NNL1  .  
  some_DD  ancient_JJ  kitchen_NN  implements_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  abbey_NN  were_VBDR  also_RR  on_IO  show_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  pestle_NN  and_CC  mortar_NN  seen_VBN  were_VBDR  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  there_RL  since_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Sharington_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  lay_JB  owner_NN  of_IO  Lacock_NP  Abbey_NNL1  after_IO  the_AT1  dissolution_NN  .  
  a_AT1  venerable_JJ  mould_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  elephant_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  cake_NN  exhibited_VBN  .  
  among_IO  loans_NNS  from_IO  elsewhere_RR  were_VBDR  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  moulds_NNS  for_IO  gingerbread_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pump_NN  room_NN  at_IO  Bath_NP  .  
  gingerbread_NN  figures_VBZ  properly_RR  gilded_VBN  ,_,  proved_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  moulds_NNS  are_VBR  as_RG  good_JJ  today_NN1  as_CS  ever_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  
  river_NN  crayfish_NNS  ,_,  boiled_VBN  as_RG  scarlet_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  lobster_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  Lacock_NP  Abbey_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  late_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  \0F_NP  White_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS founded_VVD  the_AT1  English_JJ  folk_JB  cookery_NN  association_NN  prepared_VVD  a_AT1  unique_JJ  gastronomic_JJ  map_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  collecting_VBG  information_NN  concerning_IO  food_NN  much_RR  as_CS  Cecil_NP  Sharp_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  about_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  of_IO  research_NN  for_IO  folk-songs_NNS  and_CC  dances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  plotted_VVD  her_APP$  discoveries_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  gastronomic_JJ  map_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  over_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  noticed_VVD  such_DA  names_NNS  as_IO  Coventry_NP  godcake_NN  mentioned_VBN  above_II  ,_,  and_CC  stuffed_JJ  chine_NN  at_IO  Clee_NP  in_IO  Lincolnshire_NP  ;_;  and_CC  found_VVD  that_CS  Melton_NP  Mowbray_NP  is_VBZ  as_RG  famous_JJ  for_IO  curd_NN  cheese-cakes_NNS  as_CS  for_IO  its_APP$  pork_NN  pies_NNS  .  
  stuffed_JJ  chine_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  famous_JJ  old_JJ  dish_NN  at_IO  Clee_NP  for_IO  Trinity_NP  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  custom_NN  being_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  chine_NN  of_IO  bacon_NN  stuffed_VBN  with_IO  herbs_NNS  to_TO  form_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dinner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  curd_NN  cheese-cakes_NNS  of_IO  Melton_NP  Mowbray_NP  are_VBR  a_AT1  great_JJ  dish_NN  for_IO  Whit-Sunday_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  enough_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  cakes_NNS  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  festival_NN  to_TO  pave_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  town_NN  .  
  every_AT1  county_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  rightly_RR  ,_,  jealous_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  folk-cookery_JB  tradition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  is_VBZ  strong_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  .  
  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  inns_NNS  ,_,  hotels_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  restaurants_NNS  where_CS good_JJ  local_JJ  dishes_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  enjoyed_VBN  mentioned_VBN  for_IO  Yorkshire_NP  alone_RR  :_:  Barnsley_NP  chops_NNS  ,_,  curd_NN  cheese-cakes_NNS  ,_,  oven_NN  cakes_NNS  ,_,  sly_JJ  cakes_NNS  ,_,  Doncaster_NP  butterscotch_NN  ,_,  oatmeal_NN  fritters_NNS  ,_,  bilberry_NN  pies_NNS  ,_,  Yorkshire_NP  batter_NN  pudding_NN  ,_,  brandy_NN  snap_NN  ,_,  spiced_JJ  bread_NN  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  polony_NN  ,_,  potted_JJ  shrimps_NNS  ,_,  frumenty_NN  ,_,  Wensleydale_NP  cheese_NN  ,_,  apple_NN  cheese-cakes_NNS  ,_,  primrose_NN  vinegar_NN  ,_,  fish_NN  pie_NN  ,_,  turf_NN  cakes_NNS  ,_,  bakestone_NN  cakes_NNS  ,_,  parkin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gingerbread_NN  .  
  references_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  practice_NN  of_IO  eating_VBG  cheese_NN  with_IO  cake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  consensus_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  that_CS  ham_NN  and_CC  eggs_NNS  as_CS  served_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  succulent_JJ  dish_NN  .  
  Scotland_NP  is_VBZ  too_RG  often_RR  neglected_VBN  or_CC  overlooked_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  little_JJ  book_NN  of_IO  Scottish_JJ  recipes_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  compiled_VBN    primarily_RR  for_IO  visitors_NNS  to_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,    lost_JJ    Scots_NP2  and_CC  others_DA2    .  
  the_AT1  recipes_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  soups_NNS  ,_,  puddings_NNS  and_CC  pies_NNS  ,_,  cakes_NNS  and_CC  shortbreads_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  many_DA  other_DA  intriguing_JJ  items_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Parlies_NP2  or_CC  Scottish_JJ  parliament_NN  cake_NN  ,_,  Athol_NP  Brose_NP  ,_,  Cranachan_NP  or_CC  Cream-Crowdie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  tatties_NNS  an'_CC  herrin'_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  asked_VBN  :_:  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  predominant_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  Scottish_JJ  cookery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  :_:  simplicity_NN  ,_,  good_JJ  sense_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  instinct_NN  for_IO  dietetic_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  more_DA  could_VM  one_MC1  ask_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  historic_JJ  of_IO  country_NN  dishes_NNS  is_VBZ  dumplings_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  recalls_NNS  that_DD1  celebrated_VVD  farmhouse_NN  dinner_NN  described_VBN  in_IO  Cranford_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  Miss_NNSB1  Matty_NP  only_RR  half-enjoyed_VVD  because_CS  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  young_JJ  peas_NNS  would_VM  drop_VV0  between_IO  the_AT1  prongs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  two-pronged_JJ  forks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  gentility_NN  forbade_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  imitate_VV0  her_APP$  host_NN  and_CC  shovel_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  knife_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holbrook_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  old_JJ  suitor_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  unceremonious_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  peas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  also_RR  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  blunt_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  dumplings_NNS  to_TO  stay_VV0  the_AT1  appetite_NN  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  strictly_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  rule_NN  ,_,      no_AT1  broth_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  ball_NN  :_:  no_AT1  ball_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  beef_NN  ,_,    and_CC  always_RR  began_VVD  dinner_NN  with_IO  broth_NN  .  
  then_RL  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  suet_NN  puddings_NNS  ,_,  boiled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  broth_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  beef_NN  ;_;  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  meat_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  not_XX  sup_VV0  our_APP$  broth_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  ball_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  liked_VVD  a_AT1  deal_NN  better_RRR  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  beef_NN  came_VVD  last_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  those_DD2  had_VHD  it_PPH1  who_PNQS had_VHD  done_VBN  justice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  broth_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ball_NN  .    
  being_VBG  a_AT1  Cheshire_NP  man_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Holbrook_NP  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  unacquainted_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  Norfolk_NP  dumpling_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  goes_VBZ  one_MC1  step_NN  further_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  economy_NN  by_IO  dispensing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  suet_NN  .  
  this_DD1  recalls_VBZ  that_DD1  brave_JJ  and_CC  manly_JJ  eighteenth-century_JB  Norfolk_NP  incumbent_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  James_NP  Woodforde_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  diary_NN  has_VHZ  only_RR  one_MC1  rival_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  Pepys_NP  .  
  on_IO  one_MC1  occasion_NN  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  dinner_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  bad_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  :_:  
    mince_NN  pye_NN  rose_VVD  oft_RR  .    
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  literary_JJ  style_NN    the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  meaning_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  effect_NN    one_MC1  would_VM  be_VB0  interested_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  example_NN  .  
  Woodforde's_PPIO2  life_NN  was_VBDZ  humdrum_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  respects_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  its_APP$  difficulties_NNS  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  ,_,  taking_VBG  life_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  came_VVD  ,_,  without_IO  repining_JJ  or_CC  vain_JJ  hopes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  contriving_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  satisfaction_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  others_DA2  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  not_XX  least_RBT  from_IO  his_APP$  food_NN  .  
  his_APP$  meals_NNS  were_VBDR  like_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  good_JJ  and_CC  honest_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  quotes_VBZ  this_DD1  typical_JJ  meal_NN  :_:  
    \01st_MD  course_NN  :_:  boiled_JJ  tench_NN  ,_,  pea_NN  soup_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  boiled_JJ  chicken_NNS  and_CC  pigs_NN1$  face_NN  ,_,  hashed_JJ  calf's_NN1$  head_NN  ,_,  beans_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  roasted_JJ  rump_NN  of_IO  beef_NN  with_IO  new_JJ  potatoes_NNS  \0etc_RR  .  
  \02nd_MD  course_NN  :_:  roasted_JJ  duck_NN  and_CC  green_JJ  peas_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  fine_JJ  leveret_NN  roasted_VBN  ,_,  strawberry_NN  cream_NN  ,_,  jelly_NN  ,_,  puddings_NNS  \0etc_RR  .  
  dessert_NN    strawberries_NNS  ,_,  cherries_NNS  and_CC  last_DA  year's_NN1$  nonpareils_NNS  .    
  English_JJ  cooking_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  best_JJT  .  
  Anne_NP  Morris_NP  .  
  mushrooms_NNS    wild_JJ  and_CC  tame_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  steak_NN  is_VBZ  excellent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  mushrooms_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  taste_VV0  like_IO  mushrooms_NNS  !_!    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  comment_NN  ,_,  heard_VBN  during_IO  dinner_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  off_RP  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  Psalliota_&FW  Campestris_&FW    the_AT1  common_JJ  white_JJ  field_NN  mushroom_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS   mushrooms_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  taste_VV0  like_IO  mushrooms_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  common_JJ  white_JJ  field_NN  mushroom_NN  is_VBZ  common_JJ  no_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  disappearing_VBG  completely_RR  .  
  present-day_JB  farming_NN  methods_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  blame_VV0    or_CC  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  farmer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS explained_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  mushrooms_NNS  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$    home_NN1    field_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  treated_VBN  the_AT1  grass_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  chemical_JJ  fertilizer_NN  .  
  a_AT1  botanist_NN  at_IO  our_APP$  local_JJ  museum_NN  agreed_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  farmer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  reason_NN  why_CS there_EX  were_VBDR  so_RG  few_DA  mushrooms_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  fields_NNS  today_NN1  .  
  mushrooms_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  like_VV0  old_JJ  pastures_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  soil_NN  has_VHZ  lain_VBN  undisturbed_JJ  for_IO  decades_NNS  .  
  such_DA  pastures_NNS  are_VBR  becoming_VBG  increasingly_RR  rare_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  preference_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO    ley_NN    farming_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  grasslands_NNS  are_VBR  ploughed_VBN  and_CC  re-seeded_VBN  every_AT1  few_DA  years_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  breaks_VBZ  up_RP  a_AT1  complex_JJ  underground_JB  rooting_NN  system_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  many_DA  years_NNS  to_TO  re-establish_VV0  .  
  yet_RR  another_DD1  contributory_JJ  factor_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  disappearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  horse_NN  from_IO  our_APP$  farms_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  riding_NN  schools_NNS  and_CC  racing_NN  stables_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  mushrooms_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  ever_RR  greater_JJ  luxury_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  already_RR  are_VBR  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  enlightened_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  mushroom_NN  growers_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  found_VBN  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  stable_NN  manure_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  base_VV0  their_APP$  hot-beds_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  cultivated_JJ  mushrooms_NNS  are_VBR  booming_VBG  .  
  their_APP$  popularity_NN  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  enormously_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  small_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  Nottinghamshire_NP  alone_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  eight_MC  flourishing_JJ  mushroom_NN  farms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  grower_NN  I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  to_IO  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  disposing_VBG  of_IO  their_APP$  crops_NNS  .  
  from_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  mushroom-growing_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  proposition_NN  .  
  alas_UH  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  snags_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expensive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  cardboard_NN  baskets_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  grower_NN  packs_VBZ  his_APP$  mushrooms_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  wholesalers_NNS  ,_,  cost_VV0  him_PPHO1  sixpence_NNS  each_DD1  !_!  
  in_IO  the_AT1    off_JB    season_NN    the_AT1  summer_NN  months_NNS    he_PPHO1  may_VM  only_RR  receive_VV0  two_MC  shillings_NNS  a_AT1  pound_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  costs_NNS  of_IO  spawn_NN  ,_,  manure_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  heat_NN  ,_,  labour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  depreciation_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  taken_VBN  into_IO  account_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  leave_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  great_JJ  margin_NN  of_IO  profit_NN  !_!  
  moreover_RR  mushrooms_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  risky_JJ  crop_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  appear_VV0  in_IO  abundance_NN    or_CC  they_PPHS2  may_VM  not_XX  appear_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  or_CC  they_PPHS2  may_VM  become_VV0  diseased_JJ  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  should_VM  happen_VV0  the_AT1  entire_JB  crop_NN  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  beds_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  rested_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  months_NNS  to_TO  clear_VV0  the_AT1  infection_NN  .  
    but_CCB  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  taste_VV0  like_IO  mushrooms_NNS  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  grower_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  ,_,  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  taste_VV0  like_IO  field_NN  mushrooms_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    and_CC  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  different_JJ  variety_NN  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  expect_VV0  a_AT1  Cox's_PPIO2  orange_NN  pippin_NN  to_TO  taste_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  Grannie_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  mushrooms_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  wild_JJ  varieties_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  well-marked_JJ  kinds_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  course_NN  of_IO  training_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  horticultural_JJ  institute_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  will_VM  gain_VV0  experience_NN  in_IO  fruit_NN  and_CC  vegetable_NN  cultivation_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  leaves_VBZ  the_AT1  horticultural_JJ  institute_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  find_VV0  employment_NN  in_IO  another_DD1  parks_NNS  department_NN  .  
  then_RL  two_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  botanic_JJ  garden_NN  ,_,  following_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  capable_JJ  of_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  foreman's_NN1$  job_NN  which_DDQ  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  experience_NN  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  staff_NN  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  encouraging_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  council_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities'_NN2  services_NNS  are_VBR  contemplating_VBG  a_AT1  scheme_NN  for_IO  training_NN  in_IO  foremanship_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  park_NN  service_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  welcome_VV0  this_DD1  scheme_NN  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  badly_RR  needed_VBN  .  )_)  
  when_CS about_RR  25_MC  or_CC  26_MC  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  eligible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  training_NN  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  of_IO  park_NN  administration_NN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  spell_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  work_NN  or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  assistant_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  reaches_VBZ  30_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  capable_JJ  of_IO  taking_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  parks_NNS  department_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  town_NN  or_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  Deputy_NNSB1  in_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  town_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  chief_JB  Officer_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  department_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  administrator_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  all_JJ  round_JJ"  knowledge_NN  of_IO  all_DB  activities_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  committee_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  one_MC1  disappointing_JJ  feature_NN  in_IO  public_JJ  park_NN  administration_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  many_DA  authorities_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  parks_NNS  department_NN  is_VBZ  under_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  Officer_NNSB1  .  
  very_RG  often_RR  that_DD1  Officer_NNSB1  has_VHZ  not_XX  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  gardens_NNS  and_CC  parks_NNS  at_IO  heart_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  loses_VBZ  his_APP$  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  never_RR  gets_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  from_IO  the_AT1  senior_JJ  employee_NN  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  department_NN  simply_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  plan_VV0  and_CC  plant_VV0  according_IO  to_II  his_APP$  taste_NN  .  
  gardeners_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  race_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  their_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  frustrated_JJ  when_CS a_AT1  person_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  horticultural_JJ  training_NN  controls_VBZ  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  parks_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  the_AT1  last_DA  word_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  committee_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  parks_NNS  committee_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  direct_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  department_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  conference_NN  paper_NN    historic_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  as_IO  public_JJ  parks_NNS    by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Hallowes_NP  ,_,  \0F.Inst.P.A_NNSB1  ,_,  \0M.Inst.B.C.A_NNSB1  ,_,  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  parks_NNS  ,_,  Nottingham_NP  ,_,  follows_VBZ  .  
  historic_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  as_IO  public_JJ  parks_NNS  .  
  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  1914-18_MC-MC  war_NN  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  historic_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  were_VBDR  occupied_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  owners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  numerous_JJ  cases_NNS  the_AT1  landed_JJ  people_NNS  owned_VBN  these_DD2  properties_NNS  in_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  one_MC1  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  London_NP  residence_NN  .  
  this_DD1  pleasant_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  had_VHD  continued_VBN  peacefully_RR  and_CC  uninterruptedly_RR  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  saw_VVD  great_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  ownership_NN  ,_,  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  maintenance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  properties_NNS  ,_,  largely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  heavy_JJ  taxation_NN  ,_,  cost_NN  of_IO  upkeep_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  dispersal_NN  of_IO  staff_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  speculators_NNS  bought_VVD  up_RP  these_DD2  historic_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  ,_,  stripped_VVD  the_AT1  mansions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  treasures_NNS  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  roofs_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  timber_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  estates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sold_VVD  the_AT1  land_NN  for_IO  building_NN  plots_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  for_IO  hotels_NNS  ,_,  private_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  this_DD1  trend_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  completely_RR  arrested_VBN  and_CC  though_CS  many_DA  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  in_IO  private_JJ  ownership_NN  many_DA  others_DA2  have_VH0  continued_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  purposes_NNS  .  
  ownership_NN  .  
  a_AT1  broad_JJ  estimate_NN  of_IO  ownership_NN  of_IO  some_DD  478_MC  houses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  which_DDQ  are_VBR  open_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  56_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  are_VBR  still_RR  in_IO  private_JJ  ownership_NN  ,_,  26_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  under_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  ,_,  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  owned_VBN  and_CC  used_VBN  by_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  7_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  occupied_VBN  by_IO  government_NN  departments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  1_MC1  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  used_VBN  as_IO  schools_NNS  .  
  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  figures_NNS  published_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  admitted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  fees_NNS  paid_VBN  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  public_NN  are_VBR  anxious_JJ  and_CC  enthusiastic_JJ  to_TO  visit_VV0  these_DD2  places_NNS  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  and_CC  study_VV0  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  country's_NN1$  heritage_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  factor_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  industry_NN  .  
  many_DA  millions_MC2  of_IO  pounds_NNS  are_VBR  attracted_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  by_IO  tourists_NNS  from_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  who_PNQS are_VBR  interested_JJ  in_IO  studying_VBG  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  old_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  people_NNS  from_IO  countries_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  little_DA  history_NN  themselves_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  owned_VBN  by_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  admission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  grounds_NNS  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  rather_RR  low_JJ  figure_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  would_VM  imagine_VV0  that_CS  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  might_VM  with_IO  profit_NN  and_CC  prestige_NN  to_IO  themselves_PPX2  regard_VV0  with_IO  more_DA  enthusiasm_NN  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  magnificent_JJ  places_NNS  which_DDQ  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  become_VV0  available_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  their_APP$  history_NN  and_CC  very_DA  existence_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  preserved_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  appropriate_JJ  that_CS  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  active_JJ  and_CC  responsible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  country's_NN1$  heritage_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  regretted_VBN  that_CS  opportunities_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  missed_VBN  as_CS  ownership_NN  of_IO  such_DA  estates_NNS  has_VHZ  enormous_JJ  prestige_NN  value_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  powers_NNS  to_TO  acquire_VV0  .  
  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  hesitancy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  powers_NNS  to_TO  acquire_VV0  estates_NNS  as_IO  public_JJ  parks_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  economics_NN  involved_VBN  .  
  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  such_DA  powers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  public_JJ  health_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1875_MC  appears_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  powers_NNS  to_TO  acquire_VV0  lands_NNS  for_IO  public_JJ  parks_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  amended_VBN  by_IO  public_JJ  health_NN  acts_NNS  amendment_NN  act_NN  1890_MC  and_CC  1907_MC  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1907_MC  deals_NNS  with_IO  arrangements_NNS  with_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  physical_JJ  training_NN  and_CC  recreation_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1937_MC  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  playing_NN  fields_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  absolutely_RR  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  authority_NN  would_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  acquire_VV0  property_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  the_AT1  lands_NNS  were_VBDR  extensive_JJ  and_CC  recreation_NN  facilities_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  without_IO  interfering_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  .  
  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  set_VVD  up_RP  three_MC  buildings_NNS  councils_NNS  to_TO  advise_VV0  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  on_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  powers_NNS  in_IO  making_VBG  grants_NNS  towards_IO  maintenance_NN  and_CC  repair_NN  of_IO  historic_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  also_RR  has_VHZ  powers_NNS  to_TO  purchase_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  assist_VV0  local_JJ  councils_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  trust_NN  to_TO  acquire_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  million_MC  pounds_NNS  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  preserving_VBG  historic_JJ  properties_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  like_JB  amount_NN  for_IO  purchasing_VBG  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1959-60_MC-MC  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+425,000_NNU  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  preserving_VBG  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  building_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  recent_JJ  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  historic_JJ  buildings_NNS  council_NN  for_IO  England_NP  indicates_VBZ  that_DD1  *+500,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  provided_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  of_IO  historic_JJ  interest_NN  and_CC  importance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  keen_JJ  to_TO  acquire_VV0  an_AT1  estate_NN  and_CC  property_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  area_NN  would_VM  receive_VV0  considerable_JJ  support_NN  both_DB2  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  powers_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  readiness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  acquisition_NN  .  
  economics_NN  .  
  with_IO  regards_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  economics_NN  involved_VBN  ,_,  some_DD  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  have_VH0  purchased_VBN  estates_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  not_XX  only_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  business_NN  deal_NN  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  but_CCB  also_RR  acquired_VBN  a_AT1  beauty_NN  spot_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  surprising_JJ  that_CS  ten_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  only_RR  of_IO  those_DD2  estates_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  become_VBN  available_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  forty_MC  years_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  as_IO  public_JJ  parks_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  paramount_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  but_CCB  expanding_JJ  town_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  council_NN  ,_,  whenever_CS the_AT1  opportunity_NN  arises_VBZ  ,_,  acquires_VBZ  for_IO  itself_PPX1  an_AT1  estate_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  investment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  value_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  appreciate_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  pass_VV0  and_CC  will_VM  pay_VV0  regular_JJ  dividends_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  money_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  and_CC  happiness_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  people_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  enhanced_JJ  prestige_NN  that_PNQS such_DA  a_AT1  possession_NN  brings_VBZ  to_IO  any_DD  town_NN  or_CC  city_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  outlay_NN  and_CC  maintenance_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS some_DD  smaller_JJ  authorities_NNS  have_VH0  allowed_VBN  opportunities_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  reluctantly_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  begging_VBG  and_CC  have_VH0  afterwards_RR  regretted_VBN  their_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  enterprise_NN  .  
  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  or_CC  combination_NN  of_IO  authorities_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  hesitate_VV0  too_RG  long_RR  if_CS  they_PPHS2  contemplate_VV0  acquiring_VBG  an_AT1  estate_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  area_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  make_VV0  their_APP$  decision_NN  quickly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  delay_NN  causes_VBZ  deterioration_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  and_CC  estate_NN  which_DDQ  ultimately_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  unnecessarily_RR  high_JJ  costs_NNS  in_IO  maintenance_NN  later_RRR  .  
  having_VHG  acquired_VBN  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  time_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  lost_VBN  in_IO  laying_VBG  down_RP  definite_JJ  principles_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  and_CC  disadvantages_NNS  of_IO  various_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  car_NN  parking_NN  ,_,  catering_NN  ,_,  advertising_NN  and_CC  publicity_NN  ,_,  liaison_NN  with_IO  public_JJ  transport_NN  ,_,  freedom_NN  from_IO  unnecessary_JJ  restrictions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  ,_,  provision_NN  and_CC  sale_NN  of_IO  publications_NNS  ,_,  need_NN  for_IO  planting_NN  and_CC  bedding_NN  schemes_NNS  .  
  park_NN  administrators_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  wide_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  ideal_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  undertake_VV0  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  historic_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  estates_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  clearly_RR  understand_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  and_CC  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  administrative_JJ  matters_NNS  which_DDQ  need_VV0  expert_JJ  attention_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  sympathetic_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  retention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  historic_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  estates_NNS  which_DDQ  should_VM  at_IO  all_DB  costs_NNS  be_VB0  preserved_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  unfortunately_RR  sees_VBZ  historic_JJ  features_NNS  carelessly_RR  lost_VBN  when_CS estates_NNS  fall_VV0  into_IO  unsympathetic_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  buildings_NNS  are_VBR    converted_VBN    ,_,  handsome_JJ  trees_NNS  removed_VBN  ,_,  novelties_NNS  introduced_VBN  which_DDQ  to_IO  the_AT1  thinking_JJ  person_NN  are_VBR  gauche_JJ  and_CC  repellant_JJ  .  
  many_DA  will_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,  visited_VBN  at_IO  various_JJ  times_NNS  historic_JJ  estates_NNS  hoping_VBG  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  their_APP$  carefully_RR  preserved_JJ  glories_NNS  only_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  numerous_JJ  and_CC  varied_JJ    catchpenny_JJ  attractions_NNS    which_DDQ  completely_RR  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  character_NN  and_CC  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  and_CC  cause_VV0  the_AT1  visitor_NN  pain_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  pleasure_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  found_VBN  parks_NNS  people_NNS  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  the_AT1  character_NN  and_CC  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  any_DD  historic_JJ  estate_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  care_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  requisite_JJ  provision_NN  for_IO  accommodating_VBG  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  retaining_VBG  its_APP$  charm_NN  and_CC  grandeur_NN  .  
  Nottingham's_PPIO2  estates_NNS  .  
  three_MC  historic_JJ  places_NNS  are_VBR  controlled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  .  
  Wollaton_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  originally_RR  774_MC  acres_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  acquired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Nottingham_NP  corporation_NN  in_IO  1925_MC  for_IO  *+200,000_NNU  (_(  a_AT1  fair_JJ  sum_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  !_!  )_)  .  
  selective_JJ  development_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  corporation_NN  and_CC  private_JJ  builders_NNS  took_VVD  place_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  fringe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  and_CC  houses_NNS  ,_,  schools_NNS  ,_,  places_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  ,_,  and_CC  licensed_JJ  premises_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  built_VBN  and_CC  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  valuable_JJ  ring_NN  road_NN  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  were_VBDR  designed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  style_NN  to_TO  blend_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  environs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  area_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  fashionable_JJ  residential_JJ  suburb_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ring_NN  road_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  mature_JJ  planting_NN  and_CC  grass_NN  verges_NNS  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  main_JB  traffic_NN  artery_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  blended_VBN  perfectly_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  estate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  financial_JJ  return_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  development_NN  ,_,  defrayed_VVD  the_AT1  actual_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  over_RR  600_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  beautiful_JJ  park_NN  land_NN  ,_,  laid_VBN  out_RP  after_IO  the_AT1  style_NN  of_IO    Capability_NP    Brown_NP  still_RR  remains_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  over_RR  one_MC1  million_MC  people_NNS  avail_VV0  themselves_PPX2  of_IO  this_DD1  park_NN  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  development_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  detracted_VBN  from_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  style_NN    one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  excused_VBN  such_DA  necessary_JJ  requirements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  age_NN  as_IO  car_NN  parks_NNS  and_CC  refreshment_NN  kiosks_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  golf_NN  course_NN  covering_VBG  136_MC  acres_NNS  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  although_CS  still_RR  under_IO  municipal_JJ  control_NN  and_CC  available_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  is_VBZ  leased_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Wollaton_NP  park_NN  golf_NN  club_NN  for_IO  *+1,500_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  rates_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  club_NN  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  course_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  club_NN  House_NNL1  .  
  two_MC  herds_NNS  of_IO  deer_NNS  abound_VV0  the_AT1  park_NN  .  
  a_AT1  35_MC  acre_NN  lake_NN  is_VBZ  fished_VBN  by_IO  fee_NN  and_CC  brings_VBZ  in_RP  some_DD  *+300_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  building_NN  ,_,  Elizabethan_JJ  (_(  1580-85_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  natural_JJ  history_NN  museum_NN  and_CC  attracts_VBZ  200,000_MC  visitors_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  valuable_JJ  for_IO  students_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  neighbouring_JJ  University_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  City_NNL1  schools_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  park_NN  still_RR  retains_VBZ  its_APP$  collection_NN  of_IO  trees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  are_VBR  bedded_VBN  out_RP  attractively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  9_MC  acre_NN  walled-in_JB  kitchen_NN  garden_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  most_RG  valuable_JJ  nursery_NN  and_CC  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  requirements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  .  
  the_AT1  park_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  housed_VBN  over_RR  thirty_MC  major_JJ  promotions_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  royal_JJ  show_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Bath_NP  and_CC  west_NN1  and_CC  southern_JJ  counties_NNS  show_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  royal_JJ  command_NN  military_JJ  tattoo_NN  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  events_NNS  being_VBG  accommodated_VBN  (_(  inclusive_JJ  of_IO  car_NN  parks_NNS  )_)  without_IO  causing_VBG  damage_NN  or_CC  disruption_NN  and_CC  without_IO  completely_RR  closing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  can_VM  accommodate_VV0  such_DA  functions_NNS  as_IO  these_DD2  not_XX  only_RR  attracts_VBZ  first-class_JJ  publicity_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  economic_JJ  and_CC  prestige_NN  value_NN  .  
  Frankie_NP  Vaughan_NP  writes_VBZ  about_IO    the_AT1  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  meet_VV0    .  
  Elvis_NP  ,_,  Sammy_NP  Davis_NP  ,_,  Billy_NP  Eckstine_NP  ,_,  Gogi_NP  Grant_NP  ,_,  Pat_NP  Boone_NP  ,_,  Vic_NP  Damone_NP  .  
  every_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  visit_VV0  America_NP  I_PPIS1  seem_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  many_DA  interesting_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  last_DA  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  exception_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  surprising_JJ  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Elvis_NP  Presley_NP    I_PPIS1  almost_RR  literally_RR  bumped_VVD  into_IO  him_PPHO1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  restaurant_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  Century-Fox_NP  studios_NNS  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_CS  I_PPIS1  flew_VVD  home_NN1  from_IO  Hollywood_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  a_AT1  football_NN  flying_VBG  over_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  between_IO  two_MC  lots_NNS  .  
  not_XX  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  bloke_NN  to_TO  miss_VV0  a_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  trap_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  my_APP$  foot_NN  .  
  another_DD1  fellow_NN  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  after_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  collided_VVD  with_IO  what_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  me_PPIO1  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  almighty_JJ  bump_NN  .  
  some_DD  others_DA2  came_VVD  over_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  game_NN  and_CC  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  Frankie_NP  Vaughan_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,    I_PPIS1  replied_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  Elvis_NP  .    
  with_IO  some_DD  friends_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  playing_VBG  a_AT1  version_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  football_NN  during_IO  his_APP$  lunch_NN  break_NN  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  chatted_VVD  a_AT1  car_NN  went_VVD  by_RP  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  driver_NN  shouting_VBG  at_IO  Elvis_NP  ,_,  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  off_RP  for_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  roadway_NN  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  goggle_VV0  when_CS he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  who_PNQS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  telling_VBG  off_RP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  Elvis_NP  a_AT1  very_RG  likeable_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  lots_NNS  of_IO  energy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  Juliet_NP  Prowse_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  co-star_NN  in_IO    the_AT1  right_JJ  approach_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  film_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  taken_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_IO  Hollywood_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  worked_VBN  with_IO  Elvis_NP  in_IO    \0GI_NN  blues_NN  ,_,    as_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  how_CS nice_JJ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  making_VBG  that_DD1  picture_NN  together_RR  .  
  my_APP$  last_DA  visit_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  working_NN  trip_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  much_DA  time_NN  for_IO  fun_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  made_VVD    the_AT1  right_JJ  approach_NN    very_RG  quickly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  work_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  go_NN  seven_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  even_RR  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  actual_JJ  filming_NN  at_IO  weekends_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  learning_VBG  my_APP$  lines_NNS  ,_,  having_VHG  costume_NN  fittings_NNS  ,_,  rehearsing_VBG  or_CC  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  publicity_NN  people_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  missed_VVD  getting_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN    there_EX  just_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
    the_AT1  right_JJ  approach_NN    gives_VBZ  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  toughest_JJT  part_NN  so_RG  far_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  play_VV0  a_AT1  real_JJ  rat_NN  .  
  when_CS Gary_NP  Crosby_NP  is_VBZ  auditioning_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  cabaret_NN  engagement_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  show_VV0  off_RP  in_IO  front_II  of_II  a_AT1  girl_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  mess_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  routine_NN  .  
  after_IO  interrupting_VBG  his_APP$  song_NN  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  over_RP  completely_RR  halfway_RR  through_RP  ,_,  much_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  annoyance_NN  !_!  
  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  three_MC  other_DA  songs_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  filmed_VVD  by_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  the_AT1  picture_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  musical_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  drama_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  songs_NNS  are_VBR  fitted_VBN  into_IO  it_PPH1  naturally_RR  without_IO  affecting_VBG  the_AT1  action_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  time_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  several_DA  old_JJ  friends_NNS  during_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  in_IO  Hollywood_NP  .  
  Stella_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  Billy_NP  Eckstine's_PPIO2  opening_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Crescendo_NP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  dinner_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  afterwards_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  dined_VVD  with_IO  Gogi_NP  Grant_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  lawyer-husband_NN  .  
  Wilfred_NP  Hyde_NP  White_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   make_VV0  love_NN    with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  also_RR  back_RP  in_IO  Hollywood_NP    making_VBG  a_AT1  film_NN  with_IO  Danny_NP  Kaye_NP    and_CC  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  Ethel_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  shortly_RR  expecting_VBG  her_APP$  second_MD  baby_NN  .  
  Pat_NP  Boone_NP  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  Century-Fox_NP  studios_NNS  making_VBG    warm_JJ  bodies_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  him_PPHO1  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  really_RR  nice_JJ  person_NN  .  
  so_PN1  is_VBZ  Buddy_NP  Hackett_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  comedian_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  film_NN  .  
  Dana_NP  Andrews_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  Century-Fox_NP  studios_NNS  making_VBG    Madison_NP  Avenue_NNL1  .    
  before_CS  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  the_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  played_VVD  my_APP$  second_MD  season_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Dunes_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  Las_NP  Vegas_NP  .  
  while_CS  there_RL  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  time_NN  with_IO  Sammy_NP  Davis_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  appearing_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Sands_NPLS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  in_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  late_JJ  show_NN    the_AT1  third_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  frequently_RR  joined_VVD  him_PPHO1  at_IO  his_APP$  hotel_NN  later_RRR  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  organise_VV0  film_NN  shows_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  suite_NN  .  
  often_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  there_RL  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  always_RR  great_JJ  fun_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shows_NNS  lasted_VVD  about_RR  two_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  some_DD  breakfast_NN  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  keeping_VBG  crazy_JJ  hours_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  often_RR  past_IO  noon_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  Las_NP  Vegas_NP  !_!  
  Basil_NP  Tait_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  now_RL  my_APP$  accompanist_NN  and_CC  musical_JJ  director_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  his_APP$  first_MD  trip_NN  to_IO  Vegas_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  show_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  sights_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  soon_RR  had_VHD  him_PPHO1  familiar_JJ  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  ropes_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  taking_VBG  private_JJ  movies_NNS  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  desert_NN  for_IO  some_DD  fishing_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  lake_NN  .  
  Vic_NP  Damone_NP  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  singer_NN  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  during_IO  my_APP$  stay_NN  .  
  Betty_NP  Grable_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  bandleader_NN  Harry_NP  James_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  both_DB2  appearing_VBG  in_IO  Vegas_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  different_JJ  venues_NNS    Betty_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Sahara_NP  and_CC  Harry_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Flamingo_NP  .  
  a_AT1  future_NN  in_IO  films_NNS  for_IO  Russ_NP  Conway_NP  Britain's_PPIO2  keyboard_NN  king_NN  .  
  Russ_NP  Conway's_PPIO2  injured_JJ  hand_NN  has_VHZ  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  time_NN  to_TO  think_VV0    and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  entertainment_NN  will_VM  open_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  November_NN1  you_PPY  may_VM  recall_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  Russ_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  Palladium_NP  revue_NN    stars_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  .    
  a_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suffered_VBN  a_AT1  severely_RR  bruised_JJ  hand_NN  and_CC  wrist_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  cause_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  disappointed_JJ  than_IO  Russ_NP  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  holiday_NN  a_RR  little_RR  sooner_RRR  than_CS  he_PPHO1  anticipated_VVD  .  
  for_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  put_VVD  that_DD1  time_NN  to_IO  good_JJ  use_NN    for_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  now_RL  decided_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  name_NN  in_IO  films_NNS  !_!  
  at_IO  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  as_CS  Russ_NP  withdrew_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  Palladium_NP  show_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  filmed_VVD  his_APP$  contribution_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  comedy_NN  film_NN  ,_,    weekend_NN  with_IO  Lulu_NP  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  second_MD  exploit_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  celluloid_NN  screen_NN    he_PPHO1  previously_RR  appeared_VVD  in_IO    climb_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .    
  now_RL  Russ_NP  is_VBZ  quite_RR  open_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  hopes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  liking_NN  to_IO  film_NN  work_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  branch_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  show_NN  business_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  already_RR  discussing_VBG  a_AT1  project_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  movie_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  really_RR  got_VBN  a_AT1  bug_NN  about_IO  film_NN  making_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  enjoy_VV0  it_PPH1  very_RG  much_RR    particularly_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  method_NN  and_CC  medium_NN  are_VBR  so_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  television_NN  .    
  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  versatile_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conway_NP  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  desert_VV0  variety_NN  ,_,  \0TV_NN  and_CC  discs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  taped_JJ  \0ATV_NP  series_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  scheduled_JJ  start_NN  of_IO  January_NN1  5_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  keeping_VBG  him_PPHO1  busy_JJ  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  talks_NNS  and_CC  policy-making_NN  meetings_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  future_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  excited_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  curiosity_NN  by_IO  announcing_VBG  his_APP$  intention_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  holiday_NN  in_IO  Australia_NP  this_DD1  month_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  stressed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  let_VV0  it_PPH1  develop_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  working_NN  trip_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Australians_NP2  are_VBR  great_JJ  followers_NNS  of_IO  Russ_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Conway_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  overtures_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  make_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  token_NN  appearance_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  \0TV_NN  show_NN  .  
  his_APP$  plan_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  any_DD  offers_NNS  that_PNQS come_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  from_IO  Australian_JJ  promoters_NNS  and_CC  agents_NNS    but_CCB  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  working_VBG  there_RL  some_DD  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  so_RG  serious_JJ  about_IO  making_VBG  this_DD1  a_AT1  holiday-only_JB  trip_NN  .  
    this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  vacation_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  have_VH0  for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
  what_DDQ  can_VM  we_PPIS2  expect_VV0  from_IO  Russ_NP  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO    down_RP  under_RP    at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  next_DA  month_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  prepare_VV0  for_IO  his_APP$  starring_JJ  appearance_NN  in_IO  Coventry_NP  Theatre's_NNL1  colourful_JJ  (_(  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  star-studded_JJ  )_)    spring_NN  show_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  opens_VBZ  on_IO  Easter_NP  Monday_NN1  .  
  as_CS  previously_RR  stated_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  film_NN  could_VM  follow_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  taking_VBG  Russ_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  will_VM  happen_VV0  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  even_RR  Russ_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  !_!  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  .  
  many_DA  artists_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  terrified_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  month-long_JJ  break_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  career_NN    it_PPH1  could_VM  spell_VV0  disaster_NN  and_CC  eventual_JJ  ruin_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Russ_NP  Conway_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  person_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  that_DD1  indefinable_JJ  creature_NN  Success_NP  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  elusive_JJ  companion_NN  Luck_NP  ,_,  always_RR  stay_VV0  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  his_APP$    even_RR  more_DA  party_NN  pops_NNS    disc_NN  moved_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  charts_NNS  during_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  eye_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sold_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  enough_RGA  quantity_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  thousands_MC2  spinning_VBG  his_APP$  discs_NNS  this_DD1  Christmas_NP  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  nicest_JJT  thing_NN  said_VBN  about_IO  Russ_NP  was_VBDZ  by_IO  a_AT1  hardened_JJ  music_NN  publisher_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  in_IO  Tin_NP  Pan_NP  Alley_NNL1    London's_PPIO2  Denmark_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  shame_NN  about_IO  Russ_NP  Conway_NP  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  Palladium_NP  show_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    still_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  a_AT1  swollen_JJ  hand_NN  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  spreading_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  !_!    
  the_AT1  Shadows'_NPS$  private_JJ  lives_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  the_AT1  Shadows_NP2  do_VD0  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  hustle_NN  and_CC  bustle_NN  of_IO  theatres_NNS  and_CC  showbusiness_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  their_APP$  hobbies_NNS  .  
  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  answers_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  questions_NNS  (_(  incidentally_RR  ,_,  favourite_JB  queries_NNS  from_IO  fans_NNS  )_)  ,_,  hit_NN  parade_NN  asked_VVD  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  chart-topping_JJ  group_NN  to_TO  reveal_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  private_JJ  lives_NNS  .  
  Jet_NP  Harris_NP  ,_,  bass_NN  guitarist_NN  and_CC  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  keen_JJ  racing_JJ  driver_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  ambition_NN  to_TO  race_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Monte_NP  Carlo_NP  rally_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  set_VBN  upon_IO  winning_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  enter_VV0  just_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  thrill_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  other_DA  part-time_JB  occupations_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  race_NN  driving_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  keen_JJ  archer_NN  and_CC  snooker_NN  player_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  often_RR  taken_VBN  seriously_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  emulate_VV0  William_NP  Tell's_PPIO2  famous_JJ  feat_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  practising_VBG  hard_RR  for_IO  an_AT1  achievement_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  .  
  in_IO  snooker_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  another_DD1  aim_NN    to_TO  play_VV0  former_DA  world_NN  champion_NN  Joe_NP  Davis_NP  !_!  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  natural_JJ  that_CS  Jet_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  composing_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  hobby_NN  ,_,  for_IO  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS hard_RR  you_PPY  try_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no_AT1  simple_JJ  matter_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  showbusiness_NN  entirely_RR  .  
  writing_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  takes_VBZ  up_RP  his_APP$  time_NN  .  
  once_RR  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  book_NN  with_IO  poet_NN  Royston_NP  Ellis_NP    titled_VBN    driftin'_VBG  ,_,    it_PPH1  sold_VVD  some_DD  300,000_MC  copies_NNS    and_CC  no_AT1  wonder_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_IO  Cliff_NP  Richard_NP  !_!  
  Bruce_NP  Welch_NP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  best-known_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  composing_NN  line_NN  ,_,  spends_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  time_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  music_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  two_MC  of_IO  Cliff's_PPIO2  hits_NNS      please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  tease_VV0    and_CC    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    and_CC  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  on_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1    me_PPIO1  and_CC  my_APP$  shadows_NNS    \0LP_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  always_RR  been_VBN  successful_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  some_DD  stories_NNS  to_TO  tell_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  early_JJ  days_NNS  in_IO  showbusiness_NN  that_PNQS are_VBR  hard_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  present-day_JB  success_NN  .  
  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  surprise_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  Bruce_NP  and_CC  Hank_NP  Marvin_NP  when_CS they_PPHS2  first_RR  moved_VVD  to_IO  London_NP  from_IO  Newcastle_NP  sometimes_RR  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  verge_NN  of_IO  starving_VBG  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Bruce_NP      at_IO  times_NNS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  so_RG  hungry_JJ  we_PPIS2  stayed_VVD  in_IO  bed_NN  to_TO  conserve_VV0  our_APP$  energy_NN  and_CC  to_TO  save_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  the_AT1  frustration_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  shops_NNS  full_JJ  of_IO  eatables_NNS  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  just_RR  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  money_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  .    
  Hank_NP  Marvin_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  voted_VBN  into_IO  third_MD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  musical_JJ  express_NN  1960_MC  poll_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    instrumental_JJ  personality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN    section_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  similar_JJ  interests_NNS  to_IO  Jet_NP  ,_,  although_CS  he_PPHO1  prefers_VBZ  go-kart_NN  driving_NN  to_IO  rally_NN  driving_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  one_MC1  unusual_JJ  hobby_NN    he_PPHO1  collects_VBZ  swords_NNS  ,_,  guns_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  curios_NNS  that_PNQS interest_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  keen_JJ  archer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  really_RR  prefers_VBZ  plucking_VBG  the_AT1  guitar_NN  string_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  bow-string_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  practise_VV0  four_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN  whenever_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  able_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  mad_JJ  rush_NN  of_IO  showbusiness_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  always_RR  allow_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  practise_VV0  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ,_,  though_RR  .    
  drummer_NN  Tony_NP  Meehan_NP  ,_,  youngest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  musical_JJ  student_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Shadows_NP2  arranging_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_DA  little_DA  composition_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  yet_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  composition_NN  published_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  loves_VBZ  reading_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bookworm_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  .  
  his_APP$  reading_NN  matter_NN  encompasses_VBZ  Freud_NP  ,_,  historical_JJ  novels_NNS  and_CC  text_NN  books_NNS  on_IO  music_NN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  Shadows_NP2  have_VH0  formed_VBN  their_APP$  own_DA  publishing_NN  company_NN    Shadows_NP2  music_NN    in_IO  association_NN  with_IO  Aberbach_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  Tony's_PPIO2  compositions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  spare_JJ  time_NN  interests_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  outlined_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  boys_NNS  like_VV0  nothing_PN1  better_RRR  than_CS  to_TO  get_VV0  together_RR  for_IO  talks_NNS  covering_VBG  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  subjects_NNS    ranging_VBG  round_IO  religion_NN  ,_,  politics_NN  ,_,  Elvis_NP  Presley_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  charts_NNS  !_!  
  a_AT1  Scottish_JJ  knight_NN    Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Mercer_NP    was_VBDZ  imprisoned_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  in_IO  revenge_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  harrying_VBG  English_JJ  shipping_NN  as_RG  far_RR  away_RP  as_IO  Cherbourg_NP  ,_,  and_CC  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  some_DD  purpose_NN  .  
  John_NP  Philpot_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  that_DD1  new_JJ  class_NN  of_IO  merchant_NN  financiers_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  city_NN  of_IO  London_NP  was_VBDZ  now_RL  producing_VBG  ,_,  fitted_VVD  ,_,  equipped_VVD  and_CC  manned_VVD  a_AT1  fleet_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  resources_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  captured_VVD  the_AT1  young_JJ  Mercer_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  Channel_NNL1  fight_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  naturally_RR  a_AT1  highly_RR  popular_JJ  victory_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Londoners_NP2  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  brought_VVD  heavy_JJ  censure_NN  from_IO  nobles_NNS  who_PNQS still_RR  believed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  leadership_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  Gaunt_NP  sailed_VVD  .  
  opposing_VBG  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  French_JJ  Admiral_NNSB1  ,_,  Jean_NP  de_&FW  Vienne_NP    a_AT1  great_JJ  sailor_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  able_JJ  strategist_NN  .  
  obedient_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  King_NNSB1  ,_,  de_&FW  Vienne_NP  avoided_VVD  trouble_NN  at_IO  sea_NN  as_RG  cleverly_RR  as_CS  Du_NP  Guesclin_NP  avoided_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  land_NN  .  
  Gaunt_NP  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  search_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  elusive_JJ  foe_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  afraid_JJ  to_TO  return_VV0  home_NN1  without_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  show_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  foolishly_RR  attempted_VVD  to_TO  besiege_VV0  the_AT1  well-protected_JJ  fortress_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Malo_NP  .  
  this_DD1  involved_VVD  the_AT1  dreary_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  mining_NN  operations_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  Gaunt_NP  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  Prince_NNSB1  ,_,  had_VHD  shown_VBN  considerable_JJ  skill_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  siege_NN  of_IO  Limoges_NP  .  
  when_CS all_DB  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  well_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  sortie_NN  surprised_VVD  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Arundel_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  had_VHD  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  mine_NN  collapsed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  it_PPH1  Gaunt's_PPIO2  hopes_NNS  of_IO  fame_NN  and_CC  glory_NN  .  
  Gaunt_NP  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  England_NP  a_AT1  disappointed_JJ  and_CC  now_RL  even_RR  despised_JJ  failure_NN  .  
  the_AT1    ribald_JJ    Londoners_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS cursed_VVD  Gaunt_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  murderer_NN  of_IO  Hawley_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  also_RR  expressing_VBG  their_APP$  disappointment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  non-arrival_NN  of_IO  booty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  subsidized_JJ  duke_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  independent_JJ  success_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  citizen_NN  .  
  these_DD2  dreary_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  ineffective_JJ  fighting_NN  provide_VV0  obvious_JJ  morals_NNS  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  judges_NNS  long_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  longbows_NNS  of_IO  yeomen_NNS  could_VM  pierce_VV0  the_AT1  plate_NN  and_CC  mail_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  knights_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  battle_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  sound_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  archers_NNS  had_VHD  no_AT1  target_NN  ,_,  campaigns_NNS  became_VVD  mere_JB  marauding_JJ  route_NN  marches_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  if_CS  an_AT1  expedition_NN  to_IO  Brittany_NP  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  attack_VV0  via_IO  Calais_NP  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  primary_JJ  essential_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  war_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  navy_NN  in_IO  unquestioned_JJ  command_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  divided_JJ  forces_NNS  were_VBDR  dissipating_VBG  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  ring_NN  of_IO  bridge-heads_NNS  which_DDQ  included_VVD  Calais_NP  ,_,  Cherbourg_NP  ,_,  Brest_NP  ,_,  Bordeaux_NP  and_CC  Bayonne_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  final_JJ  victory_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  large-scale_JB  and_CC  concentrated_JJ  invasion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  deductions_NNS  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  because_CS  large-scale_JB  war_NN  required_VVD  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  the_AT1  money_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  yet_RR  sufficiently_RR  at_IO  one_MC1  with_IO  nobles_NNS  and_CC  King_NNSB1  to_TO  think_VV0  their_APP$  money_NN  well_RR  spent_VBN  in_IO  financing_VBG  a_AT1  ruling_JJ  class_NN  which_DDQ  despised_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  were_VBDR  glad_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  of_IO  victory_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  so_RG  eager_JJ  to_TO  advance_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  dynastic_JJ  or_CC  baronial_JJ  wars_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  means_NNS  for_IO  economic_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  established_VBN  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS supplied_VVD  means_NNS  should_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  control_NN  of_IO  ends_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  cruel_JJ  process_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  hammering_VBG  out_RP  nations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  anvils_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  constant_JJ  stirring_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  authority_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  some_DD  simple_JJ  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  complicated_JJ  financial_JJ  impasse_NN  which_DDQ  always_RR  resulted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  and_CC  expedients_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  resorted_VVD  is_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prelude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  peasants'_NN2  revolt_NN  of_IO  1381_MC  .  
  in_IO  appreciating_VBG  this_DD1  story_NN  ,_,  modern_JJ  conceptions_NNS  of_IO  governmental_JJ  duties_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  aside_RP  .  
  a_AT1  modern_JJ  government_NN  needs_VBZ  taxation_NN  not_XX  merely_RR  for_IO  defence_NN  and_CC  offence_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  mediaeval_JJ  oligarchy_NN  needed_VVD  taxation_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  supplement_VV0  the_AT1  private_JJ  wealth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  (_(  the_AT1  royal_JJ  income_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  revenues_NNS  of_IO  crown_NN  lands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fees_NNS  of_IO  feudalism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fines_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  )_)  and_CC  to_TO  provide_VV0  enough_DD  cash_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  royal_JJ  expenses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  the_AT1  expenses_NNS  of_IO  waging_VBG  war_NN  .  
  social_JJ  service_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  government_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  alien_JJ  to_IO  mediaeval_JJ  thought_NN    its_APP$  substitute_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  mutual_JJ  self-help_NN  of_IO  communities_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  those_DD2  communities_NNS  were_VBDR  monasteries_NNS  ,_,  manors_NNS  ,_,  townships_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  wards_NNS  and_CC  guilds_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  .  
  a_AT1  mediaeval_JJ  tax_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  in_IO  essence_NN  a_AT1  forced_JJ  payment_NN  whose_PNQV$  return_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  uncertain_JJ  bounty_NN  of_IO  booty_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  vague_JJ  advantages_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  glory_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  always_RR  granted_VBN  grudgingly_RR  and_CC  coupled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  vain_JJ  hope_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  after_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  might_VM    live_VV0  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  resources_NNS  and_CC  carry_VV0  on_RP  his_APP$  war_NN    .  
  when_CS   his_APP$    war_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  bring_VV0  victory_NN  and_CC  booty_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  might_VM  oust_VV0  the_AT1  unsuccessful_JJ  leaders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS usually_RR  supplied_VVD  the_AT1  hard_JJ  cash_NN  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  bold_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  demand_VV0  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  accounts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  at_IO  times_NNS  the_AT1  impeachment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unsuccessful_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  full_JJ  parliament_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  a_AT1  true_JJ  mirror_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS    Langland's_PPIO2    folk_NNS    and_CC  Gaunt's_PPIO2    knaves_NNS      were_VBDR  villeins_NNS  still_RR  tied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  feudal_JJ  obligations_NNS  of_IO  work_NN  or_CC  villeins_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  bought_VBN  their_APP$  release_NN  ,_,  free_JJ  labourers_NNS  who_PNQS worked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  bidders_NNS  ,_,  free_JJ  yeomen_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  prospered_VBN  enough_RR  to_TO  become_VV0  successful_JJ  farmers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  artisans_NNS  ,_,  craftsmen_NNS  ,_,  journeymen_NNS  and_CC  small_JJ  tradesmen_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  retainers_NNS  and_CC  men-at-arms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pay_NN  of_IO  landed_JJ  Lords_NNSB2  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  classes_NNS  ,_,  except_IO  the_AT1  yeomen_NNS  ,_,  paid_VVD  or_CC  expected_VVD  to_TO  pay_VV0  direct_JJ  taxes_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  financing_VBG  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  stabilized_JJ  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  King_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  council_NN  required_VVD  additional_JJ  funds_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  usually_RR  granted_VBN  an_AT1  export_NN  tax_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wool_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  collected_VBN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  that_DD1    staple_NN    system_NN  which_DDQ  ensured_VVD  that_CS  prices_NNS  ,_,  quality_NN  and_CC  tax_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  efficiently_RR  supervised_VBN  and_CC  controlled_VBN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  subsidy_NN  or_CC  tax_NN  on_IO  all_DB  movable_JJ  property_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  other_DA  sources_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  revenue_NN    first_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  wisely_RR  followed_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  convocations_NNS  granted_VVD  equivalent_JJ  contributions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  second_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  merchants_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  officials_NNS  had_VHD  formerly_RR  made_VBN  private_JJ  bargains_NNS  at_IO    colloquies_NNS  of_IO  merchants_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  authorized_VBN  by_IO  parliamentary_JJ  sanction_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  rate_NN  roughly_RR  fifty_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  excess_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  for_IO  native_JJ  merchants_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  revenues_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  had_VHD  the_AT1  financial_JJ  benefits_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  feudal_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  as_IO  its_APP$  chief_JB  landowner_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  recipient_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fines_NNS  of_IO  royal_JJ  justice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  very_RG  satisfactory_JJ  financial_JJ  system_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  borders_NNS  between_IO  private_JJ  and_CC  public_JJ  purse_NN  were_VBDR  as_RG  ill-defined_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  borders_NNS  between_IO  private_JJ  and_CC  national_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  simple_JJ  obligations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  feudal_JJ  pyramid_NN  were_VBDR  becoming_VBG  hopelessly_RR  involved_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  complex_JJ  bonds_NNS  of_IO  trade_NN  and_CC  industry_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  sufficient_JJ  revenue_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  continental_JJ  war_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  worrying_VBG  the_AT1  servants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  household_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN    including_IO  those_DD2  political_JJ  clergy_NNS  whom_WPO  Wyclif_NP  had_VHD  denounced_VBN    and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  of_IO  Edward_NP  3's_CD$  reign_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  devised_VBN  an_AT1  experiment_NN  to_TO  overcome_VV0  their_APP$  difficulties_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  invented_VBN  the_AT1  poll-tax_NN  .  
  every_AT1  adult_NN    defined_VBN  as_CS  over_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN    except_IO  the_AT1  beggar_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  groat_NN  (_(  4_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  exchequer_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  inventors_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nation_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  obligation_NN  of_IO  contributing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  glory_NN  and_CC  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN    or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  later_JJ  centuries_NNS  put_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    broadening_VBG  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  taxation_NN    .  
  its_APP$  obvious_JJ  injustice_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  assessed_VVD  all_DB  men_NNS  equally_RR    the_AT1  poor_JJ  paid_VVD  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  hitherto_RR  the_AT1  poor_JJ  had_VHD  never_RR  paid_VBN  anything_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  rich_JJ  still_RR  supplied_VVD  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  revenues_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  tax_NN  which_DDQ  took_VVD  a_DA  little_DA  from_IO  everybody_PN1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  relevant_JJ  objection_NN  that_CS  not_XX  everybody_PN1  had_VHD  consented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  tax_NN    the_AT1  poor_JJ  were_VBDR  not_XX  represented_VBN  in_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  poll-tax_NN  of_IO  1377_MC  (_(  also_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1    tallage_NN  of_IO  groats_NNS    )_)  while_CS  naturally_RR  rousing_VBG  much_DA  resentment_NN  ,_,  produced_VVD  but_II  meagre_JJ  returns_NNS    there_EX  was_VBDZ  as_RR  yet_RR  no_AT1  trained_JJ  bureaucracy_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  tax_NN  collecting_NN  either_LE  fair_JJ  or_CC  productive_JJ  .  
  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  inventors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  poll-tax_NN  tried_VVD  again_RR  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  council_NN  held_VVD  in_IO  February_NN1  1379_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Lords_NNSB2  had_VHD  adopted_VBN  the_AT1  significant_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  loans_NNS  by_IO  compulsion_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  from_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  landowners_NNS  ,_,  monasteries_NNS  and_CC  towns_NNS    so_RG  desperate_JJ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  financial_JJ  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  much_DA  more_DA  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  heard_VBN  in_IO  later_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  presenting_VBG  the_AT1  parliament_NN  called_VBN  to_IO  Westminster_NP  at_IO  Easter_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  repaying_VBG  the_AT1  loans_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  anger_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  was_VBDZ  only_RR  appeased_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  production_NN  of_IO  accounts_NNS  which_DDQ  proved_VVD  the_AT1  desperate_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  funds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  the_AT1  second_MD  poll-tax_NN  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  .  
    quod_&FW  omnes_&FW  tangit_&FW  ab_&FW  omnibus_&FW  approbetur_&FW    was_VBDZ  an_AT1  accepted_JJ  legal_JJ  maxim_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  carried_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  logical_JJ  conclusion_NN    the_AT1  people_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  taxed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  interesting_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  apply_VV0  a_AT1  sliding_JJ  scale_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  payments_NNS  demanded_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adult_NN  was_VBDZ  altered_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0    over_IO  sixteen_MC    ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  poorest_JJT  were_VBDR  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  groat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Lancaster_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Archbishops_NNSB2  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  and_CC  York_NP  were_VBDR  to_TO  pay_VV0  ten_MC  marks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  extremes_NNS  a_AT1  graduated_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  payments_NNS  was_VBDZ  fixed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  classes_NNS  of_IO  laymen_NNS  and_CC  clerics_NNS  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  resentment_NN  was_VBDZ  widespread_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  disappointing_JJ    a_AT1  tax_NN  estimated_VBN  to_TO  yield_VV0  *+50,000_NNU  in_IO  fact_NN  raised_VVD  only_RR  *+27,000_NNU  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  1380_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  and_CC  most_RG  notorious_JJ  third_MD  poll-tax_NN  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  parliament_NN  which_DDQ  met_VVD  at_IO  Northampton_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  dark_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  so_RG  far_RR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  town_NN  with_IO  poor_JJ  communications_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  over_RR  supplied_VBN  with_IO  hostelries_NNS  and_CC  lodgings_NNS  .  
  London_NP  was_VBDZ  again_RR  in_IO  turmoil_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  rivalry_NN  .  
  a_AT1  rich_JJ  merchant_NN  from_IO  Genoa_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  murdered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  John_NP  de_&FW  Kyrkby_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Londoner_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  charged_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  crime_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  chronicles_NNS  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sordid_JJ  quarrel_NN  between_IO  monopolists_NNS  and_CC  interlopers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  city_NN  merchants_NNS  were_VBDR  jealous_JJ  of_IO  foreign_JJ  merchants_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  tempt_VV0  court_NN  and_CC  baronage_NN  with_IO  rarer_JJ  luxuries_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  within_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  traders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  prices_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  rings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chronicler_NN  Walsingham_NP  remarks_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Genoese's_NNP$  chief_JB  crime_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  sell_VV0  pepper_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  4_MC  \0d_NNU  the_AT1  pound_NN  !_!  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  disheartening_JJ    a_AT1  Breton_JJ  expedition_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Buckingham_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  going_VBG  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  expedition_NN  of_IO  Gaunt_NP  to_IO  Scotland_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  unpopular_JJ  as_IO  Gaunt_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  at_IO  Northampton_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  might_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  amenable_JJ    they_PPHS2  could_VM  be_VB0  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  urged_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  means_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+160,000_NNU  was_VBDZ  demanded_VBN    a_AT1  staggering_JJ  figure_NN  to_IO  mediaeval_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  determined_VBN  that_CS  *+100,000_NNU  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fairer_JJ  target_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  parliament_NN  agreed_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  this_DD1  sum_NN  providing_CS  the_AT1  clergy_NNS  supplied_VVD  the_AT1  remainder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  assessment_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Commons_NP2  agreed_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  poll-tax_NN  .  
  the_AT1  manifest_JJ  injustice_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  degree_NN  corrected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sliding_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  poll-tax_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  lesson_NN  was_VBDZ  ignored_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  injustice_NN  trebled_VBN  in_IO  weight_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  flat-rate_JB  tax_NN  at_IO  treble_NN  the_AT1  rate_NN    every_AT1  adult_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  pay_VV0  three_MC  groats_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  an_AT1  adult_NN  was_VBDZ  re-defined_VBN  as_IO  anyone_PN1  over_IO  fifteen_MC  .  
  trebling_VBG  the_AT1  rate_NN  was_VBDZ  arrived_VBN  at_IO  by_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  arithmetic_NN  which_DDQ  argued_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  poll-tax_NN  had_VHD  supplied_VBN  *+22,000_NNU  ,_,  a_AT1  tax_NN  of_IO  three_MC  times_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  would_VM  produce_VV0  *+66,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  concession_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  objections_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  poll-taxes_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rich_JJ  should_VM  help_VV0  the_AT1  poor_JJ    but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  pious_JJ  hope_NN  because_CS  no_AT1  machinery_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  carrying_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  subordinate_JJ  clause_NN  went_VVD  far_RR  to_TO  nullify_VV0  what_DDQ  small_JJ  effects_NNS  it_PPH1  had_VHD    no_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  wife_NN  together_RR  were_VBDR  to_TO  pay_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  twenty_MC  shillings_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  restriction_NN  which_DDQ  applied_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  generous_JJ  rich_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  mean_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  long_RR  been_VBN  preserved_VBN  at_IO  Burley-on-the-Hill_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  seat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Winchelsea_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  ancestors_NNS  married_VVD  a_AT1  niece_NN  of_IO  Harvey_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  since_II  been_VBN  shown_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  much_RR  more_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Finch_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  once_RR  a_AT1  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  anatomy_NN  at_IO  Pisa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  for_IO  an_AT1  anatomical_JJ  pupil_NN  one_MC1  Marchetti_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS made_VVD    tables_NNS  of_IO  veins_NNS  ,_,  nerves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  arteries_NNS  ,_,  five_MC  times_NNS  more_RG  exact_JJ  than_CS  are_VBR  described_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  author_NN    .  
  John_NP  Evelyn_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  diary_NN  also_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  some_DD  tables_NNS  which_DDQ  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Scarburgh_NP  had_VHD  seen_VBN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  that_CS  Evelyn_NP  should_VM  present_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  only_RR  agreed_VVD  to_TO  lend_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  Scarburgh's_PPIO2  use_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  lectures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ultimately_RR  presented_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN  .  
  Evelyn_NP  had_VHD  purchased_VBN  these_DD2  tables_NNS  at_IO  Padua_NP  in_IO  1646_MC  and_CC  had_VHD  had_VHN  them_PPHO1  transported_VBN  to_IO  England_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  then_RL    the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  that_DD1  kind_NN  ever_RR  seene_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  &_CC  for_IO  ought_PN1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  though_CS  afterwards_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  others_DA2    .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Scarburgh_NP  succeeded_VVD  Harvey_NP  as_IO  Lumleian_JJ  lecturer_NN  in_IO  1656_MC  and_CC  refers_VBZ  to_IO  these_DD2  tables_NNS  as_CS    unique_JJ    makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  Harvey_NP  had_VHD  used_VBN  anything_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  ;_;  otherwise_RR  his_APP$  friend_NN  Scarburgh_NP  would_VM  surely_RR  have_VH0  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  then_RL  have_VH0  regarded_VBN  Evelyn's_PPIO2  as_CS  unique_JJ  .  
  from_IO  1616_MC  to_IO  1628_MC  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  objections_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  to_IO  Harvey's_PPIO2  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  except_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  James_NP  Primrose_NP  (_(  whose_PNQV$  date_NN  of_IO  decease_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  Munk_NP  as_IO  1659_MC  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS accepted_VVD  Galen_NP  as_CS  authoritative_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  arguments_NNS  being_VBG  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  olden_JJ  days_NNS  patients_NNS  were_VBDR  healed_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  therefore_RR  this_DD1  doctrine_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  true_JJ  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  useless_JJ  .  
  Lint_NP  ,_,  1926_MC  )_)  .  
  Shakespeare_NP  died_VVD  on_IO  23_MC  April_NN1  1616_MC  ,_,  while_CS  on_IO  3_MC  February_NN1  1618_MC  Harvey_NP  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  physician_NN  to_IO  King_NNSB1  James_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  7_MC  May_NN1  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  described_VBN  in_IO  pharmacopoeia_&FW  Londinensis_&FW  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  serving_VBG  ,_,  as_IO    medicus_&FW  regius_&FW  juratus_&FW    ;_;  in_IO  February_NN1  1620_MC  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Theodore_NP  de_&FW  Mayerne_NP  (_(  1573-1654/5_MC-MC  )_)  and_CC  William_NP  Clement_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  committee_NN  to_TO  watch_VV0  the_AT1  surgeons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  March_NN1  1625_MC  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  John_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  admitted_VBN  members_NNS  of_IO  Gray's_PPIO2  Inn_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  month_NN  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  King_NNSB1  James_NP  1_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  latter's_$  last_DA  illness_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  accusation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Buckingham_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  connected_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  plaster_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  posset_NN  ,_,  administered_VBN  in_IO    transcendent_JJ  presumption_NN    by_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  .  
  on_IO  Harvey's_PPIO2  evidence_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  harmful_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  posset_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  advise_VV0  the_AT1  plaster_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  its_APP$  ingredients_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  elected_VBN  censor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  offered_VBN  an_AT1  official_JJ  residence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  precincts_NNS  of_IO  Bart's_PPIO2  ,_,  where_CS many_DA  notable_JJ  people_NNS  lived_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  refused_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  received_VVD  instead_RR  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  annual_JJ  salary_NN  from_IO  *+25_NNU  to_IO  *+33_NNU  6_MC  \0s_NNU  8_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  in_IO  1627_MC  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  committee_NN  ,_,  appointed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  request_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Privy_NP  council_NN  ,_,  to_TO  report_VV0  on_IO  some_DD  alum_NN  works_NNS  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Botolph's_PPIO2  ,_,  Aldgate_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  committee_NN  condemned_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  .  
  in_IO  November_NN1  Harvey_NP  became_VVD  an_AT1  elect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  vice_IO  Gwynne_NP  ,_,  deceased_JJ  ,_,  after_CS  Mayerne_NP  had_VHD  refused_VBN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  constantly_RR  employed_VBN  at_IO  Court_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  former's_$  de_&FW  motu_&FW  locali_&FW  animalium_&FW  ,_,  1627_MC  ,_,  written_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  formed_VBN  \0ff_RR  69-118_MC-MC  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  manuscript_NN  Sloane_NP  486_MC  ,_,  and_CC  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  previously_RR  unpublished_JJ  notebook_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  jotted_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  ,_,  eventually_RR  ,_,  to_IO  publishing_VBG  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  animal_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  at_IO  intervals_NNS  without_IO  being_VBG  finally_RR  drafted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  incomplete_JJ  synopsis_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1959_MC  published_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Cambridge_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  after_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  edited_VBN  ,_,  translated_VBN  and_CC  introduced_VBN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Gweneth_NP  Whitteridge_NP  ,_,  archivist_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Bartholomew's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  Harvey_NP  planned_VVD  a_AT1  treatise_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  muscles_NNS  even_RR  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  preparing_VBG  de_&FW  motu_&FW  cordis_&FW  et_&FW  sanguinis_&FW  .  
  de_&FW  motu_&FW  locali_&FW  animalium_&FW  is_VBZ  the_AT1  work_NN  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  chapter_NN  17_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  former's_$  essay_NN  of_IO  1628_MC  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  no_AT1  new_JJ  experimental_JJ  observations_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  Harvey's_PPIO2  understanding_NN  of_IO  muscle_NN  and_CC  of_IO  muscular_JJ  contraction_NN  was_VBDZ  sounder_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessors_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  successors_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1628_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  fifty_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  treasurer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  published_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  book_NN  ,_,  entitled_VBN  ,_,  exercitatio_&FW  anatomica_&FW  de_&FW  motu_&FW  cordis_&FW  et_&FW  sanguinis_&FW  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  William_NP  Fitzer_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  English_JJ  publisher_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  in_IO  Frankfurt_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  by_IO  Harvey's_PPIO2  friend_NN  ,_,  Robert_NP  Fludd_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Robertus_NP  de_&FW  Fluctibus_NP  (_(  1574-1637_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  second_MD  son_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Elizabeth's_PPIO2  one-time_JB  treasurer_NN  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  \0MS_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  has_VHZ  been_VBN  described_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  medical_JJ  work_NN  ever_RR  written_VBN    ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  Harvey's_PPIO2    new_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart's_NN1$  movement_NN  and_CC  function_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  blood's_NN1$  passage_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  body_NN    ;_;  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  confirmed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  (_(  \0Dr_NNSB1  Argent_NP  )_)  and_CC  fellows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  nine_MC  years_NNS  past_RP  by_IO  numerous_JJ  ocular_JJ  demonstrations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  freed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  objections_NNS  of_IO  learned_JJ  and_CC  skilful_JJ  anatomists_NNS  .  
  in_IO  so_PN1  doing_VBG  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  surely_RR  shown_VBN  the_AT1  world_NN    the_AT1  truth_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  more_RG  beautiful_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  morning_NN  stars_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  raised_VBN  himself_PPX1  effectively_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  and_CC  placed_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  stars_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  planned_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  his_APP$  days_NNS  at_IO  Padua_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fitting_JJ  before_IO  reading_VBG  the_AT1    libellus_&FW  aureus_&FW    to_TO  cast_VV0  one's_$  mind_NN  back_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  efforts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  in_IO  physiology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  realize_VV0  what_DDQ  a_AT1  supreme_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  courage_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fifty-year-old_JB  Harvey's_PPIO2  part_NN  to_TO  challenge_VV0  concepts_NNS  established_VBN  over_IO  so_RG  many_DA  generations_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  understand_VV0  how_CS much_RR  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  must_VM  have_VH0  helped_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  ocular_JJ  demonstrations_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  things_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  reasonable_JJ  acceptance_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  once_RR  again_RR  so_RG  strongly_RR  pressed_VVD  .  
    over_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  a_AT1  countless_JJ  succession_NN  of_IO  distinguished_JJ  and_CC  learned_JJ  men_NNS  had_VHD  followed_VBN  and_CC  illumined_VBN  a_AT1  particular_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  book_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  to_TO  oppose_VV0  tradition_NN  and_CC  to_TO  assert_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  blood_NN  travelled_VVD  along_IO  a_AT1  previously_RR  unrecognized_JJ  circular_JJ  pathway_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .    
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  much_RR  afraid_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  over-presumptuousness_NN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  let_VBN  his_APP$  book_NN  ,_,  in_IO  other_DA  respects_NNS  completed_VBN  some_DD  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  ,_,  either_LE  be_VB0  published_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  or_CC  go_VV0  overseas_RR  for_IO  printing_VBG  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  put_VBN  his_APP$  thesis_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  fellows_NNS  and_CC  confirmed_VBN  it_PPH1  by_IO  visual_JJ  demonstration_NN  ,_,  replied_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  doubts_NNS  and_CC  objections_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  received_VBN  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  vote_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  his_APP$  words_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  fellows_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  passage_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  an_AT1  Elizabethan_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  by_IO  birth_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  :_:  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  dear_JJ  colleagues_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD    no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  in_IO  listings_NNS  and_CC  upturnings_NNS  of_IO  anatomical_JJ  authors_NNS  and_CC  writers_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  display_NN  by_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  memory_NN  ,_,  studies_NNS  ,_,  much_DA  reading_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  printed_JJ  tome_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  propose_VV0  to_TO  learn_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  teach_VV0  anatomy_NN  not_XX  from_IO  books_NNS  but_CCB  from_IO  dissections_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  the_AT1  tenets_NNS  of_IO  philosophers_NNS  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  fabric_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  neither_LE  fair_JJ  nor_CC  worth_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  defraud_VV0  a_AT1  predecessor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  provoke_VV0  a_AT1  contemporary_NN  .  
  nor_CC  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  honourable_JJ  to_TO  attack_VV0  or_CC  fight_VV0  those_DD2  who_PNQS excelled_VVD  in_IO  anatomy_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  my_APP$  own_DA  teachers_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  willingly_RR  charge_VV0  with_IO  falsehood_NN  any_DD  searcher_NN  after_IO  truth_NN  ,_,  or_CC  besmirch_VV0  any_DD  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  stigma_NN  of_IO  error_NN  .  
  but_CCB  without_IO  ceasing_VBG  I_PPIS1  follow_VV0  truth_NN  only_RR  ,_,  and_CC  devote_VV0  all_DB  my_APP$  effort_NN  and_CC  time_NN  to_IO  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  contribute_VV0  something_PN1  pleasing_JJ  to_IO  good_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  learned_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  service_NN  to_IO  literature_NN  .    
  in_IO  an_AT1  introduction_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  short_JJ  book_NN  of_IO  seventy-two_MC  pages_NNS  ,_,  Harvey_NP  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  relative_JJ  weakness_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  and_CC  arteries_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  by_IO  reading_NN  what_DDQ  his_APP$  predecessors_NNS  have_VH0  written_VBN  and_CC  by_IO  noting_VBG  the_AT1  general_JJ  trend_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  handed_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  man_NN  can_VM  confirm_VV0  their_APP$  correct_JJ  statements_NNS  and_CC    through_IO  anatomical_JJ  dissection_NN  ,_,  manifold_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  persistent_JJ  careful_JJ  observation_NN  emend_VV0  their_APP$  wrong_JJ  ones_CD1S  .    
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  introduction_NN  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  that_CS    from_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  very_RG  many_DA  other_DA  arguments_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  statements_NNS  made_VBN  hitherto_RR  by_IO  earlier_JJ  writers_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  and_CC  arteries_NNS  appear_VV0  incongruous_JJ  or_CC  obscure_JJ  or_CC  impossible_JJ  when_CS submitted_VBN  to_IO  specially_RR  careful_JJ  consideration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  very_RG  useful_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  more_RG  deeply_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  the_AT1  movements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  arteries_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  man_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  all_DB  other_DA  animals_NNS  with_IO  hearts_NNS  ;_;  moreover_RR  ,_,  by_IO  frequent_JJ  experiments_NNS  on_IO  animals_NNS  and_CC  much_DA  use_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  eyes_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  discern_VV0  and_CC  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  .    
  in_IO  chapter_NN  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  his_APP$  strong_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  writing_VBG  ,_,  beginning_VBG  by_IO  saying_VBG  how_CS difficult_JJ  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  discover_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  eyes_NNS  in_IO  living_JJ  animals_NNS  the_AT1  function_NN  and_CC  offices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heart's_NN1$  movement_NN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  all_RR  but_RR  thought_VVD  with_IO  Fracastorius_NP  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  understood_VBN  by_IO  God_NP  alone_RR  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  he_PPHO1  propounded_VVD  his_APP$  new_JJ  view_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  it_PPH1  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  ,_,  to_IO  others_DA2  less_RG  so_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  published_VVD  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  something_PN1  accrued_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  through_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  acknowledged_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  rightly_RR  ;_;  also_RR  ,_,  that_CS  others_DA2  might_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  lived_VBN  idly_RR  ;_;  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  that_CS  others_DA2  ,_,  given_VBN  such_DA  lead_NN  and_CC  relying_VBG  on_IO  more_RG  productive_JJ  talents_NNS  ,_,  might_VM  find_VV0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  task_NN  more_RG  accurately_RR  and_CC  to_TO  investigate_VV0  more_RG  skilfully_RR  .  
  in_IO  chapter_NN  two_MC  he_PPHO1  gauged_VVD  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart's_NN1$  movements_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  dissection_NN  of_IO  living_JJ  animals_NNS  ,_,  showing_VBG  how_CS these_DD2  movements_NNS  alternate_VV0  with_IO  rests_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  seen_VBN  best_RBT  in_IO  cold_JJ  animals_NNS  or_CC  in_IO  flagging_JJ  warmer_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  movement_NN  the_AT1  heart_NN  becomes_VBZ  generally_RR  constricted_VBN  ,_,  its_APP$  walls_NNS  thicken_VV0  ,_,  its_APP$  ventricles_NNS  decrease_VV0  in_IO  volume_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  expels_VBZ  its_APP$  content_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  ,_,  appearing_VBG  paler_JJ  in_IO  so_PN1  doing_VBG  in_IO  animals_NNS  such_IO  as_II  serpents_NNS  ,_,  frogs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  occur_VV0  the_AT1  beat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apex_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  thickening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  walls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  forcible_JJ  expulsion_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  contained_JJ  blood_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  contraction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ventricles_NNS  .  
  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  chapter_NN  three_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arteries_NNS  ,_,  likewise_RR  gauged_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  dissections_NNS  of_IO  living_JJ  animals_NNS  ,_,  Harvey_NP  noted_VVD  that_CS  contraction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  apex_NN  beat_NN  occur_VV0  in_IO  systole_NN  ,_,  simultaneously_RR  with_IO  dilatation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arteries_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  artery-like_JJ  vein_NN  ,_,  and_CC  expulsion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ventricular_JJ  content_NN  .  
  arterial_JJ  pulsation_NN  disappears_VBZ  with_IO  cessation_NN  of_IO  ventricular_JJ  contraction_NN  .  
  during_IO  cutting_NN  or_CC  puncture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ventricles_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  often_RR  forcible_JJ  expulsion_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wound_NN  .  
  arterial_JJ  diastole_NN  is_VBZ  thus_RR  synchronous_JJ  with_IO  cardiac_JJ  systole_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  when_CS movement_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  through_IO  arteries_NNS  is_VBZ  hindered_VBN  by_IO  compression_NN  ,_,  infarction_NN  or_CC  interception_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  distal_JJ  arteries_NNS  pulsate_VV0  less_RRR  because_CS  their_APP$  pulse_NN  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  impulse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  entering_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  chapter_NN  four_MC  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ventricles_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  auricles_NNS  ,_,  gauged_VBN  from_IO  dissection_NN  of_IO  living_JJ  animals_NNS  .  
  (_(  in_IO  four-chambered_JJ  hearts_NNS  )_)  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  movements_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  distinct_JJ  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  place_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  auricles_NNS  moving_VBG  synchronously_RR  and_CC  then_RL  likewise_RR  the_AT1  two_MC  ventricles_NNS  .  
  with_IO  everything_PN1  more_RG  sluggish_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  heart_NN  lies_VBZ  a-dying_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  fishes_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  relatively_RR  cold-blooded_JJ  animals_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  auricular_JJ  and_CC  ventricular_JJ  movements_NNS  become_VV0  separated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  interval_NN  of_IO  inactivity_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  heart_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  respond_VV0  ever_RR  more_RG  slowly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  pulsating_JJ  auricles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  cessation_NN  of_IO  beating_NN  is_VBZ  left_JJ  ventricle_NN  ,_,  left_JJ  auricle_NN  ,_,  right_JJ  ventricle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  (_(  as_CS  Galen_NP  noticed_VVD  )_)  right_JJ  auricle_NN  .  
    and_CC  while_CS  the_AT1  heart_NN  is_VBZ  slowly_RR  dying_VBG  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  sometimes_RR  see_VV0  it_PPH1    so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0    rouse_VV0  itself_PPX1  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  auricular_JJ  beats_NNS  ,_,  produce_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  ventricular_JJ  one_MC1  slowly_RR  and_CC  reluctantly_RR  and_CC  with_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  .    
  yet_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  did_VDD  his_APP$  business_NN  no_AT1  good_NN  George_NP  would_VM  never_RR  conceal_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  socialist_NN  and_CC  believed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  class_NN  to_TO  control_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  destiny_NN  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  so_PN1  .  
  being_VBG  a_AT1  craftsman_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  skilled_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  George_NP  won_VVD  many_DA  prizes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  others_DA2  would_VM  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  comrades_NNS  helped_VVD  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  .  
  when_CS eventually_RR  the_AT1  ovens_NNS  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  shop_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tremendously_RR  hard_JJ  work_NN  was_VBDZ  if_CS  anything_PN1  intensified_VBN  .  
  George_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  mix_VV0  100_MC  stone_NN  of_IO  bread_NN  in_IO  12_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Kate_NP  served_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  from_IO  8_MC  o'clock_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  to_IO  12_MC  o'clock_RR  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  pastries_NNS  and_CC  buns_NNS  were_VBDR  sold_VBN  at_IO  32_MC  pieces_NNS  for_IO  one_MC1  shilling_NN  .  
  on_IO  returning_VBG  from_IO  school_NN  young_JJ  George_NP  found_VVD  many_DA  chores_NNS  awaiting_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  George_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  would_VM  find_VV0  time_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  at_IO  meetings_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  his_APP$  commitments_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  chairman_NN  ,_,  to_TO  speak_VV0  at_IO  street_NN  corners_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  Kate_NP  helped_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  ,_,  often_RR  taking_VBG  the_AT1  bread_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  .  
  also_RR  his_APP$  bakery_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  meeting_NN  place_NN  where_CS current_JJ  problems_NNS  were_VBDR  discussed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  working_JJ  men_NNS  argued_VVD  and_CC  clarified_VVD  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  thrashed_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  issues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  listened_VVD  to_IO  George_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  exposition_NN  of_IO  Marxist_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  from_IO  its_APP$  inception_NN  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  had_VHD  carried_VBN  out_RP  intensive_JJ  propaganda_NN  ,_,  not_XX  confining_VBG  its_APP$  activities_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  East_NP  End_NP  but_CCB  reaching_VBG  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS  and_CC  outlying_JJ  districts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  speakers_NNS  being_VBG  George_NP  \0H_NP  Fletcher_NP  ,_,  Alf_NP  Barton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Chandler_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  conducted_VVD  classes_NNS  in_IO  economics_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  up_RP  candidates_NNS  for_IO  elections_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  held_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  meetings_NNS  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  miner's_NN1$  strike_NN  of_IO  1912_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  minimum_JJ  wage_NN  .  
  (_(  in_IO  this_DD1  strike_NN  ,_,  as_CS  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  guardian_NN  in_IO  March_NN1  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  1,000,000_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  out_RP  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  ,_,  disciplined_JJ  and_CC  solid_JJ  ,_,  when_CS only_RR  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  them_PPHO1  stood_VVD  to_TO  gain_VV0  anything_PN1  from_IO  the_AT1  strike_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  made_VVD  sacrifices_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  fellow_JB  men_NNS  ;_;  this_DD1  remarkable_JJ  strike_NN  raised_VVD  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  living_NN  wage_NN  and_CC  showed_VVD  the_AT1  worth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  man_NN  .  )_)  
  propaganda_NN  efforts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  week's_NN1$  duration_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  ,_,  demonstrations_NNS  ,_,  social_JJ  events_NNS  and_CC  field_NN  days_NNS  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  raise_VV0  money_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  manifold_JJ  activities_NNS  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  began_VVD  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  razors_NNS  ,_,  knives_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  revolutionist_NN  at_IO  3_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  clarion_NN  at_IO  2_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  just_RR  a_AT1  common_JJ  proletarian_NN  at_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  a_AT1  red_JJ  flag_NN  pocket_NN  knife_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  price_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  made_VBN  by_IO  local_JJ  comrades_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR    little_JJ  masters_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  boxes_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  inscription_NN  :_:  
    sharp_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  cut_VV0  the_AT1  throat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  hard-hearted_JJ  capitalist_NN  !_!    
  other_DA  methods_NNS  of_IO  raising_VBG  money_NN  were_VBDR  tried_VBN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  male_JJ  voice_NN  choir_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Charlie_NP  Grant_NP  worked_VVD  particularly_RR  hard_RR  to_TO  bring_VV0  into_IO  being_NN  .  
    can_VM  you_PPY  sing_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  Arthur_NP  Parkin_NP  .  
  Arthur_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  choir_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  were_VBDR  unemployed_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  never_RR  sung_VBN  a_AT1  note_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  hardly_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  decent_JJ  suit_NN  to_TO  wear_VV0  .  
  uncompromising_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  Charlie_NP  Grant_NP  persevered_VVD  and_CC  began_VVD  by_IO  teaching_VBG  them_PPHO1  tonic_JJ  sol_NN  fa_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  paid_VVD  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  night_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  and_CC  rehearsed_VVD  twice_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  soon_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  good_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  sing_VV0  at_IO  meetings_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  helpful_JJ  by-products_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  some_DD  respectable_JJ  clothing_NN  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wore_VVD  a_AT1  white_JJ  tie_NN  and_CC  red_JJ  flag_NN  badge_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  presenting_VBG  a_AT1  much_RR  better_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  on_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  sunny_JJ  Sunday_NN1  evening_NN  ,_,  when_CS George_NP  went_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  at_IO  Malin_NP  Bridge_NNL1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  to_TO  begin_VV0  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  sang_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  crowd_NN  and_CC  save_VV0  the_AT1  speaker's_NN1$  voice_NN  .  
  many_DA  fine_JJ  speeches_NNS  were_VBDR  delivered_VBN  by_IO  George_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  become_VBN  so_RG  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  popular_JJ  that_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  announced_VBN  to_TO  speak_VV0  the_AT1  week_NN  before_II  ,_,  the_AT1  crowd_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  appointed_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  place_NN  ,_,  ready_JJ  and_CC  waiting_VBG  .  
  collections_NNS  of_IO  30_MC  \0s_NNU  or_CC  so_PN1  would_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  known_VBN  the_AT1  choir_NN  went_VVD  to_IO  working-men's_NN2  clubs_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  Conisborough_NP  on_IO  cheap_JJ  trips_NNS  to_TO  sing_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  miners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sang_VVD  for_IO  other_DA  organisations_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  bakers'_NN2  union_NN  ,_,  for_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  evenings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Corner_NNL1  Pin_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  to_TO  rally_VV0  the_AT1  members_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  \0B.S.P_NP  also_RR  rented_VVD  pleasant_JJ  rooms_NNS  on_IO  West_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  successful_JJ  Sunday_NN1  school_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  students_NNS  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  George_NP  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  the_AT1  dark-haired_JJ  little_JJ  granddaughter_NN  of_IO  Charlie_NP  Grant_NP  .  
  George_NP  often_RR  spoke_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  school_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  christened_VVD  the_AT1  babies_NNS  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  when_CS called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  officiate_VV0  at_IO  funerals_NNS  .  
  religion_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  pet_NN  subjects_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  being_VBG  well_RR  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  bible_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  read_VBN  in_IO  prison_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  book_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  debate_VV0  on_IO  religion_NN  with_IO  anyone_PN1  .  
  although_CS  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  were_VBDR  diametrically_RR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  parsons_NNS  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  on_RP  wonderfully_RR  well_RR  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Conrad_NP  Noel_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  eloquent_JJ  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  socialist_JJ  league_NN  ,_,  genuinely_RR  advocated_VVD  socialism_NN  .  
  with_IO  such_DA  men_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  the_AT1  courage_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  convictions_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  Christianity_NN1  ,_,  common_JJ  ground_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  abatement_NN  in_IO  political_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  endeavoured_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  socialist_JJ  members_NNS  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  determined_JJ  and_CC  obdurate_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  attitude_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  candidate_NN  must_VM  go_VV0  forward_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  elections_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  trades_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  council_NN  meeting_NN  on_IO  October_NN1  16_MC  ,_,  1912_MC  ,_,  George_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Barton_NP  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  poll_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  had_VHD  fought_VBN  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  fight_VV0  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  .    
  this_DD1  new_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  junior_JJ  helper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  only_RR  providing_VBG  propaganda_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  increase_VV0  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  socialist_JJ  thought_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  sought_VVD  to_TO  create_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  a_AT1  more_RG  militant_JJ  attitude_NN  capable_JJ  of_IO  achieving_VBG  socialism_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  ranks_NNS  were_VBDR  men_NNS  steeled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  had_VHD  worked_VBN  without_IO  stint_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  their_APP$  ability_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  members_NNS  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  understood_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  by_IO  socialism_NN  or_CC  fully_RR  accepted_VVD  Marxism_NN1  .  
  Hyndman_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  leader_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  been_VBN  propagating_VBG  a_AT1  reactionary_JJ  policy_NN  and_CC  veering_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  and_CC  file_NN  .  
  Alf_NP  Barton_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS in_IO  1911_MC  was_VBDZ  presented_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  Marx_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  gold_NN  purse_NN  in_IO  recognition_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  known_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  Marxism_NN1  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  understand_VV0  socialism_NN  ,_,  though_CS  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  keen_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0B.S.P._NP  .  
  George_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  never_RR  deviated_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  belief_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  economic_JJ  basis_NN  of_IO  society_NN  which_DDQ  needed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  changed_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  were_VBDR  appalling_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  being_VBG  only_RR  slight_JJ  alleviations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1908_MC  5_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  granted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  people_NNS  at_IO  70_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Lloyd_NP  George_NP  insurance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  Bismarck's_PPIO2  legislation_NN  many_DA  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  ,_,  which_DDQ  principle_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  working_JJ  people_NNS  pay_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  benefits_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  operation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  eased_VBN  but_II  slightly_RR  the_AT1  situation_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  needy_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  stagnation_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  set_VBN  in_RP  .  
  wages_NNS  were_VBDR  pitifully_RR  low_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  women_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  guardian_NN  of_IO  November_NN1  1912_MC  ,_,  that_CS  women_NNS  employed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  holloware_NN  trade_NN  had_VHD  had_VHN  to_TO  strike_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  wage_NN  of_IO  2_MC  \0d_NNU  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  other_DA  girls_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  even_RR  reach_VV0  this_DD1  pittance_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  printing_NN  trade_NN  the_AT1  wage_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  skilled_JJ  woman_NN  worker_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  endeavours_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  amalgamated_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  bakers_NNS  and_CC  confectioners_NNS  to_TO  improve_VV0  the_AT1  bad_JJ  conditions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bakers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  proposals_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  master_NN  bakers_NNS  for_IO  signature_NN  but_CCB  only_RR  eight_MC  out_RP  of_IO  twenty-five_MC  conceded_VVD  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  .  
  Jack_NP  Hawksworth_NP  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  bakers'_NN2  union_NN  ,_,  attended_VVD  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  trades_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  council_NN  to_TO  appeal_VV0  for_IO  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  resolution_NN  was_VBDZ  passed_VBN  to_TO  boycott_VV0  the_AT1  non-recognised_JJ  shop_NN  in_IO  November_NN1  1912_MC  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  trades_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  council_NN  also_RR  passed_VVD  a_AT1  resolution_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  strike_NN  should_VM  war_NN  be_VB0  declared_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  guardian_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  1912_MC  ,_,  went_VVD  further_RRR  and_CC  declared_VVD  itself_PPX1  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  passive_JJ  resistance_NN  to_IO  all_DB  taxation_NN  .  
  so_RR  a_AT1  reading_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  the_AT1  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  blowing_VBG  ,_,  presaging_VBG  a_AT1  world_NN  disaster_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  sight_NN  of_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  smaller_JJ  issues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  claimed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  working_VBG  for_IO  peace_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  drift_NN  towards_IO  war_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  without_IO  hindrance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  readymade_JJ  solution_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  problems_NNS  of_IO  poverty_NN  and_CC  unemployment_NN  .  
  interest_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  remained_VVD  ;_;  and_CC  George_NP  continued_VVD  his_APP$  leading_JJ  role_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  acted_VVD  as_IO  chairman_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  \0B.S.P_NP  meeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  corn_NN  exchange_NN  in_IO  January_NN1  1913_MC  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  large_JJ  audience_NN  expected_VVD  Ben_NP  Tillett_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  George_NP  explained_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  illness_NN  .  
  Jack_NP  Jones_NP  of_IO  London_NP  and_CC  Charles_NP  Lapworth_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS three_MC  years_NNS  before_II  had_VHD  stood_VBN  for_IO  Brightside_NP  ,_,  delivered_VVD  speeches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  party_NN  songs_NNS  were_VBDR  sung_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  clarion_NN  vocal_JJ  union_NN  .  
  rather_RR  halting_JJ  and_CC  reluctant_JJ  steps_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  trades_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  council_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  elections_NNS  and_CC  affiliation_NN  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  immediate_JJ  result_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  friction_NN  which_DDQ  existed_VVD  between_IO  these_DD2  bodies_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  resolved_VBN  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  detriment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  \0B.S.P_NP  had_VHD  declared_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  stated_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Chandler_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  the_AT1  year_NN  before_II  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  no_AT1  leaders_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  movement_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  correct_JJ  and_CC  definite_JJ  leadership_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  urgently_RR  felt_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  George_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  conference_NN  later_RRR  on_RP  .  
  in_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  1913_MC  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  adopt_VV0  Comrade_NNSB1  William_NP  Gee_NP  as_IO  parliamentary_JJ  candidate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  following_JJ  resolution_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  unanimously_RR  :_:  
    that_CS  this_DD1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  adopt_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0Wm_NP  Gee_NP  of_IO  Northampton_NP  as_IO  prospective_JJ  socialist_JJ  candidate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Brightside_NP  parliamentary_JJ  division_NN  and_CC  pledges_VBZ  itself_PPX1  to_TO  use_VV0  every_AT1  legitimate_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  secure_VV0  his_APP$  successful_JJ  return_NN  .    
  events_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  to_TO  decree_VV0  otherwise_RR  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  \0B.S.P_NP  conference_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  cleavage_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  became_VVD  more_RG  evident_JJ  .  
  Hyndman's_PPIO2  support_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  navy_NN  caused_VVD  much_DA  hostility_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  undertake_VV0  to_TO  express_VV0  such_DA  opinions_NNS  only_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  private_JJ  capacity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  resolved_VBN  that_CS  only_RR  socialist_JJ  candidates_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  resolution_NN  against_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  armaments_NNS  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  elections_NNS  1913_MC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  more_RG  successful_JJ  year_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  trades_NNS  and_CC  labour_NN  council_NN  in_IO  November_NN1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rowlinson_NP  referred_VVD  with_IO  satisfaction_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  success_NN  and_CC  stated_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS they_PPHS2  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  big_JJ  fighting_JJ  force_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  before_IO  long_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  was_VBDZ  again_RR  using_VBG  repressive_JJ  measures_NNS  to_TO  attack_VV0  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  proposed_VVD  to_TO  prohibit_VV0  public_JJ  meetings_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  site_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  monument_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  aroused_VVD  the_AT1  anger_NN  and_CC  indignation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  labour_NN  movement_NN  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  shades_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  ,_,  throughout_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  on_IO  February_NN1  17_MC  a_AT1  special_JJ  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  which_DDQ  included_VVD  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Sheffield_NP  independent_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  daily_JJ  herald_NN  league_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  women's_NN2  suffrage_NN  society_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  woman's_NN1$  social_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  union_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  trades_NNS  council_NN  .  
  a_AT1  decision_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  organise_VV0  a_AT1  mass_NN  demonstration_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  .  
  subsequently_RR  ,_,  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  March_NN1  8_MC  ,_,  1914_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  orderly_JJ  and_CC  substantial_JJ  procession_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  banners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  socialist_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  independent_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  trades_NNS  unions_NNS  flying_VBG  made_VVD  its_APP$  way_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Wicker_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  monument_NN  .  
  collectors_NNS  went_VVD  alongside_II  with_IO  petitions_NNS  .  
  gathered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  monument_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  crowd_NN  of_IO  4,000_MC  people_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  whom_WPO  had_VHD  come_VBN  long_JJ  distances_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  very_RG  kindly_RR  accepted_VVD  ,_,  adding_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  friend_NN  staying_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  over_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  from_IO  Kennington_NP  .  
  so_RR  at_IO  3_MC  \0p.m_RR  the_AT1  car_NN  drove_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  stepped_VVD  our_APP$  Bishop_NNSB1  with_IO  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  !_!  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Davidson_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  while_CS  we_PPIS2  attended_VVD  to_IO  our_APP$  business_NN  .  
  to_IO  my_APP$  amusement_NN  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  met_VVD  at_IO  tea_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rectory_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  dedication_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  stopped_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  farmer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  rather_RR  indignant_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  took_VVD  the_AT1  episode_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  till_CS  afterwards_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  proved_VVD  most_RG  useful_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  winter_NN  when_CS the_AT1  distance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  deterred_VVD  many_DA  from_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  Sunday_NN1  evensong_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  managed_VVD  to_TO  furnish_VV0  a_AT1  table_NN  with_IO  cross_NN  and_CC  candles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  people_NNS  appreciated_VVD  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  for_IO  worship_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  for_IO  more_RG  secular_JJ  purposes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1910_MC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Talbot_NP  was_VBDZ  translated_VBN  to_IO  Winchester_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hubert_NP  Burge_NP  became_VVD  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Southwark_NP  .  
  meanwhile_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  diocesan_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  higher_JJ  religious_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  Southwark_NP  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  reading_NN  union_NN  .  
  this_DD1  meant_VVD  organizing_VBG  lectures_NNS  and_CC  courses_NNS  of_IO  religious_JJ  instruction_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  diocese_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  also_RR  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diocesan_JJ  conference_NN  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  introducing_VBG  myself_PPX1  as_IO  the_AT1  incumbent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  church_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  diocese_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  shocked_JJ  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  some_DD  quarters_NNS  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  that_CS  my_APP$  church_NN  was_VBDZ  800_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  above_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  level_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  work_NN  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  pretty_RR  heavy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  managed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  stipendiary_JJ  layman_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  help_VV0  among_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  young_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Tatsfield_NP  that_CS  I_PPIS1  first_RR  visited_VVD  Oberammergau_NP  in_IO  Bavaria_NP  to_TO  witness_VV0  the_AT1  passion_NN  play_NN  .  
  the_AT1  place_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  people_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  play_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
  for_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  succession_NN  till_CS  war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  1914_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  my_APP$  summer_NN  holidays_NNS  there_RL  and_CC  became_VVD  very_RG  intimate_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  environs_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  year_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  passion_NN  plays_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  interval_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  another_DD1  play_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  performed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  theatre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  when_CS new_JJ  talent_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  and_CC  trained_VBN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  ,_,  1914_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  visit_VV0  Germany_NP  for_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  time_NN  in_IO  1924_MC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  parish_NN  in_IO  Surrey_NP  .  
  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  five_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  years'_NN2  incumbency_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  start_VV0  a_AT1  village_NN  choral_JJ  society_NN  and_CC  conduct_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  opened_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  new_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  plunged_VVD  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  simple_JJ  part-songs_NNS  :_:  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  only_RR  one_MC1  member_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  any_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  reading_VBG  music_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  village_NN  doctor_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  school_NN  friend_NN  at_IO  Clifton_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  sustain_VV0  the_AT1  tenor_NN  part_NN  quite_RR  well_RR  and_CC  lead_VV0  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  as_IO  for_II  basses_NNS  and_CC  altos_NNS  the_AT1  conductor_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  teach_VV0  by_IO  singing_VBG  the_AT1  parts_NNS  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  amusing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  an_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  choir_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  could_VM  render_VV0  simple_JJ  part-singing_NN  tolerably_RR  well_RR  .  
  then_RL  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_TO  work_VV0  on_IO  Coleridge_NP  Taylor's_PPIO2    Hiawatha's_PPIO2  wedding_NN  feast_NN  .    
  enthusiasm_NN  grew_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  more_DA  months_NNS  we_PPIS2  gave_VVD  a_AT1  concert_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  accompanist_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  village_NN  schoolmaster_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tenor_NN  solo_NN    Onaway_NP  awake_JJ    was_VBDZ  sung_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  .  
  friends_NNS  from_IO  Limpsfield_NP  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  ,_,  came_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  happy_JJ  .  
  5_MC  .  
  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  ,_,  Woodcote_NP  ,_,  1913-1922_MC-MC  .  
  in_IO  1913_MC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Burge_NP  ,_,  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Southwark_NP  ,_,  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  as_IO  Vicar_NNSB1  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  ,_,  Woodcote_NP  ,_,  Purley_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  church_NN  built_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  architect_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  George_NP  Fellowes_NP  Prynne_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  intimate_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  on_RP  joint_JB  executor_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  estate_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  solicitor_NN  cousin_NN  .  
  as_CS  Bishop_NNSB1  Talbot_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  spend_VV0  many_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  Tatsfield_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  held_VVD  great_JJ  family_NN  consultations_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  eldest_JJT  brother_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  living_VBG  in_IO  Limpsfield_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  suitable_JJ  house_NN  nearby_RR  where_CS my_APP$  mother_NN  settled_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  eventually_RR  died_VVD  in_IO  1926_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  92_MC  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Burge_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  able_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  institution_NN  and_CC  induction_NN  service_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  suffragan_JJ  Bishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Woolwich_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  John_NP  Leake_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS lived_VVD  at_IO  Blackheath_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  close_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  ours_PP$  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  a_AT1  change_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  dear_JJ  little_JJ  old_JJ  church_NN  at_IO  Tatsfield_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  modern_JJ  church_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  at_IO  Purley_NP  .  
  one_MC1  felt_VVD  at_IO  Tatsfield_NP  that_CS  ,_,  small_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  church_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  its_APP$  own_DA  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  centuries_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  prayer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  but_CS  feel_VV0  the_AT1  chilliness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  beautiful_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  and_CC  is_VBZ  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS gladly_RR  co-operated_VVD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  side_NN  chapel_NN  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  daily_JJ  prayer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  congregation_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  needed_VVD  warming_VBG  up_RP  by_IO  constant_JJ  prayer_NN  and_CC  worship_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  many_DA  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  gifts_NNS  of_IO  candlesticks_NNS  and_CC  stained-glass_JB  lancet_NN  windows_NNS    finally_RR  a_AT1  new_JJ  altar_NN    helped_VVD  to_TO  furnish_VV0  the_AT1  chapel_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  sanctuary_NN  for_IO  prayer_NN  and_CC  quiet_NN  .  
  in_IO  time_NN  we_PPIS2  received_VVD  similar_JJ  gifts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  altar_NN  ,_,  and_CC  large_JJ  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  windows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  interesting_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  privilege_NN  of_IO  filling_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  building_NN  with_IO  suitable_JJ  fittings_NNS  ;_;  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  rule_NN  that_CS  all_DB  gifts_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  submitted_VBN  for_IO  approval_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  architect_NN  ,_,  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  fine_JJ  artist_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  beautiful_JJ  things_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  church_NN  and_CC  yet_RR  spoil_VV0  the_AT1  building_NN  with_IO  ornaments_NNS  unsuitable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  environs_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  little_JJ  mission_NN  Hall_NNL1  leading_VBG  off_IO  the_AT1  Brighton_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  street_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  small_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  Ellen_NP  Avenue_NNL1  when_CS I_PPIS1  first_RR  went_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  changed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  better-sounding_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  Lansdowne_NP  Road_NNL1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  lots_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  flourishing_JJ  Sunday_NN1  school_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  evening_NN  service_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  soon_RR  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  parish_NN  needed_VVD  more_DA  help_NN  both_DB2  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  and_CC  mission_NN  district_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  army_NN  Captain_NNSB1  had_VHD  done_VBN  very_RG  good_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Lansdowne_NP  Road_NNL1  district_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  needed_VVD  more_DA  help_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  rota_NN  of_IO  services_NNS  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  and_CC  weekdays_NNS  .  
  most_RG  fortunately_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  engage_VV0  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0U_NP  Evitt_NP  in_IO  1913_MC  soon_RR  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  organized_VVD  the_AT1  Mission_NP  district_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  be_VB0  known_VBN  by_IO  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  blow_NN  disturbed_VVD  all_DB  our_APP$  efforts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  1914_MC  ,_,  when_CS war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  .  
  very_RG  soon_RR  Chaplains_NNSB2  for_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  were_VBDR  urgently_RR  needed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  clearly_RR  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   must_VM  volunteer_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Burge_NP  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  barely_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Evitt_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  much_RR  less_RRR  committed_VBN  than_IO  his_APP$  Vicar_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  very_RG  soon_RR  in_IO  France_NP  where_CS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  splendid_JJ  work_NN  until_CS  his_APP$  health_NN  broke_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  bad_JJ  attack_NN  of_IO  enteric_JJ  fever_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  in_IO  Purley_NP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  much_DA  activity_NN  and_CC  much_DA  co-operation_NN  especially_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  Christian_JJ  communities_NNS  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  public_JJ  meeting_NN  we_PPIS2  launched_VVD  the_AT1  project_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1    Coulsdon_NP  and_CC  Purley_NP  patriotic_JJ  fund_NN    in_IO  whose_PNQV$  counsels_NNS  and_CC  committees_NNS  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  deeply_RR  involved_VBN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  work_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  help_VV0  wives_NNS  and_CC  relations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  their_APP$    separation_NN    allowances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  soon_RR  ,_,  alas_UH  !_!  ,_,  as_CS  casualties_NNS  began_VVD  and_CC  increased_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  of_IO  1914_MC  and_CC  1915_MC  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  war_NN  pensions_NNS  became_VVD  very_RG  urgent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  in_IO  Coulsdon_NP  and_CC  Purley_NP  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  seventeen_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  at_IO  Purley_NP  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  1922_MC  at_IO  Surbiton_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  continuously_RR  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  war_NN  pensions_NNS  committee_NN  .  
  this_DD1  task_NN  involved_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  detailed_JJ  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  residents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  excellent_JJ  honorary_JJ  Secretaries_NNSB2  .  
  our_APP$  committee_NN  met_VVD  once_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  included_VVD  professional_JJ  men_NNS  from_IO  every_AT1  walk_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  very_RG  soon_RR  we_PPIS2  managed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  hut_NN  in_IO  Purley_NP  where_CS soldiers_NNS  were_VBDR  very_RG  welcome_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  ladies_NNS  organized_VVD  a_AT1  canteen_NN  .  
  life_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  more_RR  than_IO  busy_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  had_VHD  a_AT1  vicarage_NN  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  having_VHG  for_IO  eight_MC  years_NNS  a_AT1  most_RG  able_JJ  and_CC  devoted_JJ  housekeeper_NN  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  known_VBN  well_RR  in_IO  Limpsfield_NP  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  house_NN  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  on_IO  hearing_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  leave_VV0  Tatsfield_NP  and_CC  come_VV0  to_IO  Purley_NP  she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  look_VV0  after_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  treasure_NN  ,_,  of_IO  yeoman_NN  stock_NN  and_CC  clever_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  domestic_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  widow_NN  who_PNQS knew_VVD  how_CS to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1    boy_NN  ,_,    who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  occupant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Evitt_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  now_RL  long_RR  lost_VBN  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    boy_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lucky_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  trained_VBN  in_IO  domestic_JJ  duties_NNS  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Everett_NP  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  brings_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  dragged_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  casualties_NNS  increased_VVD  ,_,  spreading_VBG  sorrow_NN  into_IO  many_DA  homes_NN2  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  solace_NN  and_CC  joy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  gathered_VVD  together_RR  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  Sunday_NN1  afternoon_NN  service_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  child_NN  being_VBG  given_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  into_IO  church_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  could_VM  just_RR  whisper_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  who_PNQS filled_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  register_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  home_NN1  .  
  each_DD1  child_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  picture_NN  given_VBN  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  lesson_NN  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  a_AT1  stamp_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  stuck_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  book_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  clamour_NN  for_IO  back_NN  stamps_JB  if_CS  a_AT1  child_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  miss_VV0  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  Church_NNL1  from_IO  any_DD  cause_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  considered_VVD  justifiable_JJ  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  amusing_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  the_AT1  children_NNS  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  of_IO  parents_NNS  or_CC  faithful_JJ  nurses_NNS  threaten_VV0  any_DD  naughty_JJ  child_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  penalty_NN  of_IO  not_XX  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  children's_NN2  Church_NNL1  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  afternoon_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  the_AT1  threat_NN  kept_VVD  them_PPHO1  good_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  anyway_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  most_RG  delightful_JJ  lot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  joy_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  them_PPHO1  now_RL  fifty_MC  years_NNS  afterwards_RR  when_CS so_RG  many_DA  are_VBR  parents_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  grandparents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  churchwardens_NNS  and_CC  several_DA  officials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  still_RR  remember_VV0  those_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  speaking_VBG  of_IO  churchwardens_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  leads_VBZ  me_PPIO1  at_RR  once_RR  to_TO  chronicle_VV0  a_AT1  most_RG  intimate_JJ  and_CC  lasting_JJ  friendship_NN  begun_VBN  in_IO  1913_MC  in_IO  Purley_NP  and_CC  continuing_VBG  till_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  to-day_NN1  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mark's_PPIO2  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  contact_NN  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  Vicar's_NNSB2  Warden_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0W_NP  Charlton_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  youngest_JJT  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  three_MC  sons_NNS  was_VBDZ  just_RR  coming_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  of_IO  1913_MC  .  
  from_IO  then_RL  till_IO  now_RL  the_AT1  acquaintance_NN  ripened_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  deep_JJ  friendship_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  taken_VBN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  through_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  many_DA  vicissitudes_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  ministry_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Charlton_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  difficult_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  when_CS most_DA  lives_NNS  were_VBDR  upset_VBN  and_CC  some_DD  tempers_NNS  were_VBDR  easily_RR  frayed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  loyal_JJ  and_CC  devoted_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  homes_NN2    for_CS  since_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  lived_VBN  on_RP  in_IO  Purley_NP    have_VH0  always_RR  been_VBN  havens_NNS  of_IO  rest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  welcome_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  failed_VBN  .  
  their_APP$  three_MC  boys_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  successful_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  our_APP$  children's_NN2  Church_NNL1  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  forget_VV0  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  early_JJ  years_NNS  1914-18_MC-MC  ,_,  life_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  full_JJ  both_DB2  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  wider_JJ  war_NN  activities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  my_APP$  holidays_NNS  in_IO  Bavaria_NP  ,_,  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  for_IO  two_MC  wards_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Herbert_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  full_JJ  of_IO  war_NN  prisoners_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  glad_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  visited_VVD  them_PPHO1  frequently_RR  ,_,  establishing_VBG  at_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  wounded_JJ  who_PNQS were_VBDR  delighted_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  someone_PN1  who_PNQS knew_VVD  their_APP$  native_JJ  villages_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  at_RR  once_RR  notice_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  antagonism_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Bavarians_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Prussians_NP2  who_PNQS openly_RR  scorned_VVD  these_DD2  more_RG  simple_JJ  country_NN  folk_NNS  .  
  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  slightly_RR  ludicrous_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  shame-making_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  had_VHD  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  make-believe_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  heightened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  uniforms_NNS  .  
  surely_RR  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  fancy_JJ  dress_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  continuing_JJ  unreality_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  verbal_JJ  exchanges_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  multiple_JJ  signatures_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  documents_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  suddenly_RR  ,_,  came_VVD  a_AT1  heart-stirring_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  such_DA  moral_JJ  courage_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  rarely_RR  meets_VBZ  .  
  all_DB  done_VBN  ,_,  German_JJ  General_NNSB1  Alfred_NP  Jodl_NP  ,_,  some_DD  time_NN  Hitler's_PPIO2  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  staff_NN  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  with_IO  Admiral_NNSB1  Friedeburg_NP  ,_,  co-signatory_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  country's_NN1$  defeat_NN  ,_,  leant_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  to_IO  General_NNSB1  Bedell_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  command_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  little_JJ  operation_NN  ,_,  asking_VBG  in_IO  English_NN1  for_IO  permission_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  .  
  instinctively_RR  ,_,  somehow_RR  ,_,  permission_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  ,_,  whereupon_CS  General_NNSB1  Jodl_NP  delivered_VVD  in_IO  German_NN1  a_AT1  last-minute_JB  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conquerors_NNS  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  sufferings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  people_NN  and_CC  to_TO  treat_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO    gna"digheit_&FW    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  essence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  dilemma_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  fine_JJ  soldier_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  allowed_VBN  himself_PPX1  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  instrument_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  country's_NN1$  destroyer_NN  ,_,  should_VM  find_VV0  himself_PPX1  capable_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  climax_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  and_CC  his_APP$  country's_NN1$  disaster_NN  ,_,  of_IO  pleading_VBG  with_IO  cogent_JJ  eloquence_NN  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  countrymen_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  next_DA  day_NN  to_TO  confirm_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  efficiency_NN  when_CS giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  our_APP$  Supreme_NNSB1  Commander's_NNSB2  orders_NNS  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  disposal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  remaining_VBG  in_IO  being_NN  under_IO  German_JJ  command_NN  .  
  within_IO  hours_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  final_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  surrender_NN  Admiral_NNSB1  Friedeburg_NP  had_VHD  killed_VBN  himself_PPX1  .  
  we_PPIS2  killed_VVD  General_NNSB1  Jodl_NP  later_RRR  by_IO  hanging_VBG  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Nuremberg_NP  Gaol_NNL1  .  
  there_EX  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  appropriateness_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  final_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  my_APP$  second_MD  great_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  here_RL  at_IO  Rheims_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  scars_NNS  still_RR  unhealed_JJ  from_IO  thirty_MC  years_NNS  before_II  when_CS the_AT1  city_NN  had_VHD  stood_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four-year_JB  battle_NN  zone_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  first_MD  great_JJ  struggle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lovely_JJ  cathedral_NN  still_RR  showed_VVD  its_APP$  wounds_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  possible_JJ  easily_RR  to_TO  trace_VV0  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  no-man's_NN1$  land_NN  of_IO  1914_MC  to_IO  1918_MC  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  mercifully_RR  ,_,  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  little_DA  destruction_NN  but_CCB  warlike_JJ  atmosphere_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  lacking_JJ  since_CS  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  ran_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1    red_JJ  ball_NN  highways_NNS    ,_,  those_DD2  one-way_JB  highspeed_JJ  supply_NN  routes_NNS  along_IO  which_DDQ  by_IO  day_NN  and_CC  night_NN  thundered_VVD  the_AT1  endless_JJ  convoys_NNS  of_IO  giant_JB  American_JJ  supply_NN  trucks_NNS  carrying_VBG  supplies_NNS  from_IO  Normandy_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  battle-fields_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  seemingly_RR  not_XX  only_RR  humans_NNS  that_PNQS derived_VVD  comfort_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  roar_NN  of_IO  engines_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  positively_RR  intoxicating_JJ  effect_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  nightingales_NNS  that_PNQS appear_VV0  to_TO  exist_VV0  in_IO  Rheims_NP  in_IO  great_JJ  profusion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  our_APP$  disjointed_JJ  times_NNS  that_CS  one_MC1  should_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  from_IO  sleep_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  deafening_JJ  chorus_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  positive_JJ  nuisance_NN  of_IO  nightingales_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  counter-irritant_NN  almost_RR  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  listen_VV0  of_IO  nights_NNS  to_IO  light_JJ  music_NN  broadcast_VBN  from_IO  Deutchlandsender-Berlin_NP  in_IO  equally_RR  unbroken_JJ  stream_NN  save_CS  when_CS the_AT1  girl_NN  announcer_NN  would_VM  break_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  air_NN  raid_NN  warning_NN  of_IO    many_DA  enemy_NN  aircraft_NNS  in_IO  flight_NN  toward_IO  Germany_NP  .    
  until_IO  a_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  no_AT1  more_DA  music_NN  when_CS one_MC1  realized_VVD  ,_,  almost_RR  with_IO  regret_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  must_VM  have_VH0  overrun_VBN  the_AT1  transmitter_NN  .  
  not_XX  entirely_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  regret_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  who_PNQS flew_VVD  to_IO  Berlin_NP  there_RL  to_TO  re-enact_VV0  the_AT1  ceremony_NN  of_IO  surrender_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  propaganda_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  garbled_JJ  accounts_NNS  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  participants_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  return_NN  and_CC  restoration_NN  to_IO  normality_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemingly_RR  developed_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  oriental_JJ  orgy_NN  of_IO  monumental_JJ  proportions_NNS  .  
  instead_RR  I_PPIS1  organized_VVD  for_IO  myself_PPX1  a_AT1  personal_JJ  celebration_NN  of_IO  victory_NN  and_CC  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  invitation_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  General_NNSB1  Maxwell_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  brilliant_JJ  commander_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  crack_JB  101st_MD  \0U.S_NP  airborne_JJ  division_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  visited_VVD  Berchtesgaden_NP  .  
  there_RL  I_PPIS1  lodged_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  suite_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  until_CS  recently_RR  been_VBN  permanently_RR  reserved_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  notorious_JJ  Heinrich_NP  Himmler_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  the_AT1  local_JJ  sights_NNS  .  
  foremost_JJ  among_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  Adolf_NP  Hitler's_PPIO2  famed_JJ    eagle's_NN1$  nest_NN    ,_,  that_DD1  stupendous_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  engineering_NN  leading_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  alpine_JJ  boudoir_NN  where_CS so_RG  much_DA  mischief_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  hatched_VBN  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  madness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  concept_NN  one_MC1  could_VM  sense_VV0  evil_NN  .  
  one_MC1  could_VM  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  follies_NNS  of_IO  grandeur_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  have_VH0  assailed_VBN  the_AT1  disordered_JJ  mind_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  rode_VVD  the_AT1  storm_NN  up_RP  on_IO  those_DD2  heights_NNS  ,_,  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  tempests_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Valkyries_NP2  rode_VVD  to_TO  greet_VV0  the_AT1  Wagnerian_JJ  hero_NN  gazing_VBG  out_RP  over_IO  that_DD1  wonderful_JJ  vista_NN  of_IO  mountain_NN  ,_,  lake_NN  and_CC  plain_NN  .  
  then_RL  down_RP  below_II  was_VBDZ  hidden_VBN  away_RP  the_AT1  vast_JJ  Goring_NP  collection_NN  of_IO  art_NN  treasures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  loot_NN  of_IO  all_DB  Europe_NP  .  
  herein_RR  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  testimony_NN  to_IO  mental_JJ  aberration_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  perhaps_RR  that_CS  ,_,  deep_RR  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  vast_JJ  depravity_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  craving_NN  after_IO  beauty_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  somehow_RR  gone_VBN  adrift_RR  and_CC  ,_,  nurtured_VBN  on_IO  obscenity_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  out_RP  freakish_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  appreciated_VVD  his_APP$  ill-gotten_JJ  possessions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  them_PPHO1  .  
  so_RR  on_RP  to_IO  Germany_NP  to_TO  confirm_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  victory_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  time_NN  without_IO  equivocation_NN    no_AT1  mere_JB  armistice_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  hanging_NN  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  ,_,  no_AT1  haggling_NN  ,_,  not_XX  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  late_JJ  enemies_NNS  .  
  easy_RR  enough_RGA  said_VBN  but_CCB  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  location_NN  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   up_RP  against_IO  considerable_JJ  difficulty_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  devastation_NN  wrought_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  air_NN  force_NN  ,_,  choices_NNS  were_VBDR  few_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  being_VBG  necessary_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  place_NN  not_XX  only_RR  with_IO  reasonable_JJ  accommodation_NN  intact_JJ  but_CCB  whence_CS good_JJ  communications_NNS  radiated_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  lot_NN  fell_VVD  on_IO  Frankfurt_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Main_NP  where_CS the_AT1  great_JJ  \0I.G_NP  Farben_&FW  Industrie_&FW  head_JB  office_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  most_RG  advanced_JJ  functional_JJ  buildings_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  reasonably_RR  intact_JJ  .  
  efficient_JJ  fire-watching_NN  had_VHD  kept_VBN  within_IO  reasonable_JJ  limits_NNS  the_AT1  several_DA  fires_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  obviously_RR  been_VBN  started_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  roofs_NNS  by_IO  incendiary_JJ  bombing_NN  .  
  bazooka_NN  battles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  basement_NN  had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  undermine_VV0  the_AT1  fabric_NN  .  
  the_AT1  various_JJ  temporary_JJ  lodgers_NNS  who_PNQS must_VM  have_VH0  streamed_VBN  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  had_VHD  caused_VBN  damage_NN  principally_RR  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  safes_NNS  and_CC  strong_JJ  rooms_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  burst_VBN  open_JJ  and_CC  ransacked_VBN  .  
  providence_NN  gave_VVD  the_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  problem_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  presented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  acreage_NN  of_IO  window_NN  glass_NN  .  
  by_IO  some_DD  freak_NN  of_IO  chance_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  surviving_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  devastated_JJ  railway_NN  yard_NN  nearby_RR  a_AT1  trainload_NN  of_IO  sheet_NN  glass_NN  ,_,  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  replacement_NN  job_NN  .  
  blocks_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  flats_NNS  housed_VVD  the_AT1  junior_JJ  staff_NN  in_IO  some_DD  luxury_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  seniors_NNS  suffered_VVD  no_AT1  pain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  palaces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0I.G_NP  Farben_&FW  directors_NNS  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  charming_JJ  villages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Taunus_NP  Mountains_NPLS  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  town_NN    Konigstein_NP  ,_,  Falkenstein_NP  and_CC  Kronberg_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  imposing_JJ  Victorian_JJ  castle_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  sculptured_JJ  likeness_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  herself_PPX1  on_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  tower_NN  .  
  here_RL  at_RR  last_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  for_IO  ourselves_PPX2  an_AT1  ideal_JJ  lay-out_NN  ,_,  high_JJ  efficiency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  offices_NNS  ,_,  great_JJ  comfort_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  billets_NNS    so_RR  ,_,  inevitably_RR  one_MC1  might_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  came_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  \0S.H.A.E.F_NP  .  
  the_AT1  German_JJ  surrender_NN  having_VHG  disposed_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  possible_JJ  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  consequences_NNS  thereof_RR  that_PNQS demanded_VVD  for_IO  their_APP$  solution_NN  efforts_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  were_VBDR  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  strenuous_JJ  .  
  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  battles_NNS  lasted_VVD  they_PPHS2  naturally_RR  took_VVD  priority_NN  over_IO  all_DB  other_DA  activities_NNS  and_CC  thoughts_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  tried_VVD  to_TO  salve_VV0  the_AT1  conscience_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  ,_,  victory_NN  won_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  battlefield_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rest_NN  would_VM  be_VB0    all_RR  right_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN    .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  recovered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  excitements_NNS  and_CC  tensions_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  dramatic_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO    unconditional_JJ  surrender_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  partial_JJ  capitulations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  flanks_NNS  to_IO  Field-Marshals_NNSB2  Alexander_NP  and_CC  Montgomery_NP  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  overall_JB  climax_NN  at_IO  Rheims_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  repeat_NN  performance_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  became_VVD  immediately_RR  and_CC  horrifyingly_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  terrifying_JJ  inadequacy_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  preparations_NNS  for_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  now_RL  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  \0C.O.S.S.A.C_NP  planning_NN  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  earnestly_RR  sought_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  definition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  great_JJ  enterprise_NN  ;_;  whether_CS  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  Germany_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  dismembered_VBN  or_CC  reorganized_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  some_DD  positive_JJ  object_NN  to_TO  pursue_VV0  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  still_RR  with_IO  no_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  question_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  ,_,  thought_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  inhibited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  narcotic_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  terrific_JJ  slogan_NN    unconditional_JJ  surrender_NN    than_IO  which_DDQ  nothing_PN1  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  negative_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  received_VBN  the_AT1  enemy's_NN1$  unconditional_JJ  surrender_NN  .  
  so_RR  what_DDQ  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  doubly_RR  difficult_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  battle_NN  had_VHD  released_VBN  the_AT1  unifying_JJ  pressures_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  bound_VBN  the_AT1  alliance_NN  so_RG  comparatively_RR  intimately_RR  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  became_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  evident_JJ  a_AT1  pronounced_JJ  tendency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  direction_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  fly_VV0  apart_RP  .  
  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  possible_JJ  shape_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  who_PNQS suffered_VVD  from_IO  no_AT1  such_DA  disadvantages_NNS  as_CS  did_VDD  we_PPIS2  .  
  history_NN  suffered_VVD  dismal_JJ  repetition_NN  .  
  back_RP  in_IO  1918_MC  the_AT1  end_NN  had_VHD  also_RR  come_VBN  with_IO  unexpected_JJ  speed_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  found_VBN  the_AT1  western_JJ  alliance_NN  infirm_JJ  of_IO  purpose_NN  and_CC  lacking_VBG  precision_NN  of_IO  aim_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  confusion_NN  the_AT1  resolute_JJ  but_CCB  unbroken_JJ  Germany_NP  ,_,  grievously_RR  wounded_VBN  but_CCB  far_RR  from_IO  destruction_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  lay_VV0  the_AT1  firm_JJ  foundations_NNS  for_IO  military_JJ  revival_NN  .  
  so_RR  now_RL  in_IO  1945_MC  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  were_VBDR  quick_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  all_RR  too_RG  evident_JJ  disunity_NN  among_IO  those_DD2  from_IO  whose_PNQV$  efforts_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ,_,  since_IO  1941_MC  only_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  glad_JJ  to_TO  benefit_VV0  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  officer_NN  of_IO  \0S.H.A.E.F_NP  ,_,  serving_VBG  an_AT1  American_JJ  Chief_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  placed_VBN  to_TO  watch_VV0  the_AT1  distressing_JJ  drift_NN  apart_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  growing_JJ  impatience_NN  on_IO  American_JJ  part_NN  with_IO  British_JJ  bombast_NN  and_CC  bland_JJ  assumption_NN  of_IO  superiority_NN  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  fields_NNS  .  
  while_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  side_NN  there_EX  appeared_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  evidence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  growing_JJ  inferiority_NN  complex_NN  ,_,  jealousy_NN  of_IO  lavish_JJ  American_JJ  resources_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  and_CC  reluctance_NN  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  achievement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  once_CS  the_AT1  Rhine_NP  was_VBDZ  crossed_VBN  found_VVD  both_DB2  British_NP2  and_CC  Americans_NP2  equally_RR  unprepared_JJ  for_IO  what_DDQ  followed_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  overestimated_VBN  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  put_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  people_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  given_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  credence_NN  to_IO  German_JJ  propaganda_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  built_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  our_APP$  minds_NNS  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  widespread_JJ  fanaticism_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  well_RR  entail_VV0  prolonged_JJ  operations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  type_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  call_VV0  for_IO  most_RG  careful_JJ  handling_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  foresaw_VVD  a_AT1  withdrawal_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  e*?2lite_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  cream_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  surviving_JJ  \0S.S_NP  troops_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  well-chosen_JJ  mountain_NN  fortress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Tyrol_NP  ,_,  heavily_RR  fortified_VBN  and_CC  provisioned_VBN  ,_,  that_PNQS would_VM  necessitate_VV0  difficult_JJ  siege_NN  operations_NNS  for_IO  its_APP$  reduction_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  met_VBN  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  head-on_RR  ,_,  in_IO  mid-Germany_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  might_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  anything_PN1  .  
  even_RR  at_IO  this_DD1  late_JJ  stage_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  working_JJ  arrangement_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  encounter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  happen_VV0  one_MC1  day_NN  and_CC  from_IO  our_APP$  side_NN  every_AT1  conceivable_JJ  effort_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  agreement_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  procedure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  avoidance_NN  of_IO  unfortunate_JJ  accident_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  battle_NN  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  no_AT1  response_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  side_NN  led_VVD  one_MC1  to_TO  fear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  event_NN  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  outcome_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  Nazis_NP2  evidently_RR  hoped_VVD  might_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  disaster_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  much_DA  talk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  setting_NN  up_RP  among_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  system_NN  of_IO    francs-tireurs_&FW    ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  named_VBN    werewolves_NNS    .  
  arms_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  distributed_VBN  widespread_JJ  among_IO  the_AT1  civilian_JJ  population_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  burning_JJ  patriotism_NN  would_VM  inspire_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  wage_VV0  a_AT1  clandestine_JJ  war_NN  of_IO  murder_NN  ,_,  sabotage_NN  and_CC  terror_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  hated_JJ  conquerors_NNS  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  out_RP  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  wrong_JJ  on_IO  all_DB  accounts_NNS  .  
  altogether_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  overestimated_VBN  the_AT1  hold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  party_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  people_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Nazi_JJ  fortress_NN  concept_NN  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  nothing_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  fantasy_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  good_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  line_NN  soldiers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  was_VBDZ  marked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  no_AT1  weapon_NN  more_RG  lethal_JJ  than_IO  vodka_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  people_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  promised_JJ  thousand_MC  of_IO  Nazi_JJ  rule_NN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  from_IO  creating_VBG  a_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  warlike_JJ  frenzy_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  produced_VBN  universally_RR  a_AT1  dull_JJ  bewildered_JJ  apathy_NN  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  had_VHD  our_APP$  thinking_NN  led_VBN  us_PPIO2   in_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    werewolves_NNS    that_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  contemplated_VBN  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  very_RG  special_JJ  precautions_NNS  to_TO  guard_VV0  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  airmen_NNS  .  
  particular_JJ  hatred_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  aimed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  representatives_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  ,_,  spread_VBN  such_DA  ghastly_JJ  havoc_NN  ,_,  destruction_NN  and_CC  death_NN  over_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  causing_VBG  such_DA  wholesale_JB  slaughter_NN  among_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  women_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  ,_,  old_JJ  and_CC  young_JJ  alike_RR  .  
  in_IO  mid-April_NN1  Anglesey_NP  moved_VVD  his_APP$  family_NN  and_CC  entourage_NN  from_IO  Rome_NP  to_IO  Naples_NP  ,_,  there_RL  to_TO  await_VV0  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  yacht_NN  from_IO  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  quite_RR  exceeded_VVD  his_APP$  expectations_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  enchanted_VBN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Arthur_NP  Paget_NP  .  
    probably_RR  the_AT1  element_NN  (_(  the_AT1  water_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  not_XX  a_DA  little_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  admire_VV0  Vesuvius_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  smokes_VBZ  and_CC  spits_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  to_TO  please_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  altogether_RR  the_AT1  locale_NN  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  charming_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  now_RL  looking_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  earnest_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  pearl_NN  .  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  in_IO  force_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  Italian_JJ  weather_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  humbug_NN  and_CC  March_NN1  is_VBZ  (_(  barring_IO  fogs_NNS  )_)  as_RG  bad_JJ  at_IO  Rome_NP  as_CS  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  fancy_VV0  this_DD1  place_NN  more_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  scene_NN  at_RR  least_RR  is_VBZ  superb_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  too_RG  cold_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  one_MC1  may_VM  at_RR  least_RR  sit_VV0  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  it_PPH1  behind_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  a*?3_&FW  l'abri_&FW  du_&FW  vent_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  sun_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  at_IO  home_NN1  every_AT1  house_NN  is_VBZ  constructed_VBN  and_CC  placed_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  have_VH0  as_RG  little_DA  as_CS  possible_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  very_RG  agreeable_JJ  companion_NN  .    
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  month_NN  he_PPHO1  still_RR  delighted_VVD  in_IO  Naples_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Cloncurry_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  enjoyed_VVD  it_PPH1  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  his_APP$  health_NN  permitted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  anything_PN1  .  
    the_AT1  pearl_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  ,_,    is_VBZ  arrived_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  resource_NN  .  
  Vesuvius_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  tired_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  out_RP  fast_RR  .  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  gay_JJ  ,_,  lively_JJ  people_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  a_AT1  busy_JJ  town_NN  .  
  at_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  every_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  priest_NN  :_:  here_RL  the_AT1  priest_NN  is_VBZ  superceded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  soldier_NN    a_AT1  favourable_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  eye_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  troops_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  fine_JJ  .    
  when_CS the_AT1  sailing_NN  season_NN  was_VBDZ  past_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  pearl_NN  back_RP  to_IO  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  returned_VVD  to_IO  Rome_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .  
  in_IO  late_JJ  November_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    suffering_VBG  as_CS  usual_JJ    ,_,  but_CCB  hoped_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Arthur_NP  ,_,    to_TO  find_VV0  this_DD1  place_NN  agree_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  better_RRR  than_IO  Naples_NP  .  
  the_AT1  journey_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  against_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  much_DA  rain_NN  and_CC  damp_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  temperature_NN  is_VBZ  high_JJ  &_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  fire_NN  .  .  
  by_RR  the_RR  by_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,    what_DDQ  good_JJ  cooks_NNS  the_AT1  Neapolitans_NP2  are_VBR  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  alas_UH  !_!    t_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_DB  lost_VBN  upon_IO  Maud_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  utmost_JB  extent_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  eating_NN  is_VBZ  a_DA  little_DA  macaroni_NN  ,_,  spinage_NN  &_CC  compote_&FW  de_&FW  pommes_&FW  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  quite_RR  keep_VV0  up_RP  my_APP$  condition_NN  ,_,  altho'_CS  I_PPIS1  sleep_VV0  little_RR  &_CC  wake_VV0  constantly_RR  &_CC  in_IO  pain_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  life_NN  truly_RR  !_!  .  
  it_PPH1  so_RR  happens_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  an_AT1  Italian_NN1  who_PNQS is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  valet_&FW  de_&FW  chambre_&FW  that_PNQS ever_RR  was_VBDZ  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  one_MC1  word_NN  of_IO  English_NN1  .    
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  this_DD1  letter_NN  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whigs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  assumption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  frightful_JJ  event_NN  !_!    he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  tremble_VV0  !_!  
  what_DDQ  infatuation_NN  !_!  
  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  indifferent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  really_RR  tremble_VV0  for_IO  my_APP$  country_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  be_VB0  mistaken_JJ  ,_,  tho'_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  fear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  exasperation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  great_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  ultratoryism_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  Commons_NP  House_NNL1  upon_IO  a_AT1  dissolution_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  had_VHN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  radicalism_NN  ,_,  &_CC  then_RL  God_NP  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  may_VM  happen_VV0  .  .  
  God_NP  grant_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  false_JJ  prophet_NN  &_CC  that_CS  all_DB  may_VM  go_VV0  well_RR  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Peel_NP  was_VBDZ  here_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  express_NN  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  off_RP  yesterday_NN1  .    
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Naples_NP  there_EX  had_VHD  opened_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  Anglesey's_PPIO2  unceasing_JJ  search_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  effective_JJ  alleviation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  painful_JJ  malady_NN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  conventional_JJ  remedies_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  subjected_VBN  ever_RR  since_CS  the_AT1  symptoms_NNS  had_VHD  first_RR  shown_VBN  themselves_PPX2  seventeen_MC  years_NNS  before_II  had_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  effect_NN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  this_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  wondered_VBN  at_IO  ,_,  for_CS  even_RR  today_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  1960s_MC2  ,_,  no_AT1  cure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  tic_NN  douloureux_NN"  .  
  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1830_MC  ,_,  when_CS Anglesey_NP  believed_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  death_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  German_JJ  curative_JJ  method_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  homoeopathy_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  notice_NN  .  
  in_IO  April_NN1  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  his_APP$  first_MD  wife's_NN1$  brother-in-law_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  diplomatist_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Ponsonby_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  written_VBN  to_TO  advise_VV0  Anglesey_NP  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  system_NN  a_AT1  trial_NN  ,_,  adding_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  cultivated_VBN  with_IO  extraordinary_JJ  success_NN  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  treated_VBN  under_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  studied_VBN  under_IO  its_APP$  founder_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  aged_JJ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Samuel_NP  Hahnemann_NP  .  
  this_DD1  remarkable_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  Burdett_NP  described_VVD  to_IO  Anglesey_NP  a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  two_MC  later_RRR  as_CS    more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  God_NP  upon_IO  earth_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN    ,_,  had_VHD  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  disciples_NNS  among_IO  unorthodox_JJ  medical_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cities_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Neapolitan_NN1  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Giuseppe_NP  Mauro_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  Anglesey_NP  consulted_VVD  in_IO  May_NN1  1834_MC  .  
  Mauro's_PPIO2  first_MD  action_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  revered_JJ  master_NN  at_IO  Ko"then_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Leipzig_NP  ,_,  asking_VBG  for_IO  advice_NN  .  
  in_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  described_VVD  his_APP$  distinguished_JJ  patient_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  symptoms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Hahnemann_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  Anglesey_NP  a_AT1  strong_JJ  ,_,  energetic_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  and_CC  charming_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  even-tempered_JJ  and_CC  sedate_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  easily_RR  irritated_VBN  ,_,  patient_JJ  and_CC  persevering_JJ  ,_,    but_CCB  he_PPHO1  appears_VBZ  to_TO  despair_VV0  of_IO  ever_RR  being_VBG  cured_VBN  .    
  only_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  affected_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  pain_NN  extending_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  chin_NN  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  socket_NN  and_CC  as_RG  far_RR  back_RP  as_CS  behind_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  .  
  during_IO  an_AT1  attack_NN  the_AT1  outer_JB  skin_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  so_RG  sensitive_JJ  that_CS  on_IO  being_VBG  touched_VBN  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  something_PN1  red-hot_JJ  were_VBDR  singeing_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  acts_NNS  of_IO  speaking_NN  and_CC  swallowing_NN  became_VVD  difficult_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  extreme_NN  .  
  north_NN1  and_CC  east_NN1  winds_NNS  and_CC  sudden_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  generally_RR  provoked_VVD  severe_JJ  bouts_NNS  of_IO  pain_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  always_RR  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  irregularity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pulse_NN  and_CC  acute_JJ  constipation_NN  .  
  during_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  attack_NN  Anglesey_NP  would_VM  writhe_VV0  in_IO  silent_JJ  agony_NN  ,_,  burying_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  torment_NN  coming_VBG  in_IO  spasms_NNS  every_AT1  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  longer_JJ  or_CC  shorter_JJ  period_NN  .  
  Hahnemann's_PPIO2  reply_NN  to_IO  Mauro_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  send_VV0  off_RP  some_DD  medicines_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  took_VVD  three_MC  months_NNS  to_TO  reach_VV0  Naples_NP  )_)  and_CC  to_TO  write_VV0  personally_RR  to_IO  Anglesey_NP  stressing_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  continual_JJ  outdoor_JB  exercise_NN  above_IO  all_DB  else_RR  .  
  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  James_NP  Murray_NP  was_VBDZ  replaced_VBN  as_IO  Anglesey's_PPIO2  personal_JJ  physician_NN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Dunsford_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  English_JJ  disciple_NN  of_IO  Hahnemann's_PPIO2  .  
  he_PPHO1  at_RR  once_RR  took_VVD  over_RP  the_AT1  correspondence_NN  with_IO  Hahnemann_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  soon_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  ,_,  Anglesey_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  party_NN  should_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  residence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  in_IO  Ko"then_NP  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  April_NN1  1835_MC  ,_,  Anglesey_NP  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  Clarence_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Dunsford_NP  and_CC  two_MC  servants_NNS  ,_,  arrived_VVD  within_IO  hailing_NN  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  Hahnemann_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  taking_VBG  Clarence_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  now_RL  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  twenty-three_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  too_RR  was_VBDZ  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  medical_JJ  assistance_NN  .  
  his_APP$  complaints_NNS  were_VBDR  venereal_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Hahnemann_NP  refused_VVD  to_TO  prescribe_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  without_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  examination_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  success_NN  Hahnemann_NP  had_VHD  in_IO  Clarence's_PPIO2  case_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  known_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  after_IO  a_AT1  month's_NN1$  treatment_NN  at_IO  Ko"then_NP  ,_,  Anglesey_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  cure_NN  .  
  this_DD1  happy_JJ  but_CCB  impermanent_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  careful_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  homoeopathic_JJ  system_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  that_CS    likes_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  by_IO  likes_NNS    ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  its_APP$  essence_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  revolutionary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  homoeopathy_NN  utterly_RR  rejected_VVD  the_AT1  weapons_NNS  commonly_RR  used_VBN  against_IO  disease_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  bleeding_NN  ,_,  mercurialism_NN  and_CC  purgatives_NNS  ,_,  ensured_VVD  that_CS    every_AT1  apothecary_NN    ,_,  as_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Ponsonby_NP  put_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    must_VM  be_VB0  its_APP$  determined_JJ  foe_NN  .    
  but_CCB  Hahnemann_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  extraordinary_JJ  successes_NNS  in_IO  curing_VBG  diseases_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  quite_RR  baffled_VBN  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  remedies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  Anglesey's_PPIO2  case_NN  ,_,  by_IO  experimenting_VBG  with_IO  selected_JJ  medicines_NNS  and_CC  meticulously_RR  noting_VBG  their_APP$  effects_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  frequency_NN  and_CC  violence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attacks_NNS  very_RG  considerably_RR  over_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  several_DA  months_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  partial_JJ  success_NN  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  due_JJ  less_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  drugs_NNS  than_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  cessation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  debilitating_JJ  remedies_NNS  hitherto_RR  employed_VBN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  Hahnemann_NP  told_VVD  Dunsford_NP  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    never_RR  necessary_JJ  or_CC  useful_JJ  to_TO  lessen_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  always_RR  means_VBZ  a_AT1  lessening_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  forces_NNS  whose_PNQV$  reactions_NNS  are_VBR  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  beneficial_JJ  the_AT1  more_RRR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  kept_VBN  intact_JJ  .    
  this_DD1  diktat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  like_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  universally_RR  accepted_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  sounded_VVD  like_IO  treason_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ears_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  practitioners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  1830s_MC2  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  application_NN  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  the_AT1  chief_JB  basis_NN  of_IO  Hahnemann's_PPIO2  success_NN  .  
  Anglesey_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RR  impressed_VBN  by_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  miraculous_JJ  cure_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  Dunsford_NP  permission_NN  to_TO  publish_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  were_VBDR  detailed_VBN  the_AT1  various_JJ  medicines_NNS  tried_VBN  and_CC  their_APP$  effects_NNS  ;_;  Anglesey_NP  was_VBDZ  pictured_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG    recovered_VBN  the_AT1  stoutness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  vigour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  months_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  felt_VBN  the_AT1  coming_NN  on_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  tic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  such_DA  confidence_NN  in_IO  homoeopathy_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  relapse_NN  can_VM  lessen_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  though_CS  this_DD1  last_DA  statement_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exaggeration_NN  ,_,  Anglesey_NP  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  grateful_JJ  to_IO  Hahnemann_NP  for_IO  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  longest_JJT  periods_NNS  of_IO  freedom_NN  from_IO  pain_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  had_VHN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  ten_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  and_CC  wherever_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  praised_VVD  the_AT1  miracles_NNS  which_DDQ  homoeopathy_NN  had_VHD  wrought_VBN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  by_IO  June_NN1  1835_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  returned_VBN  to_IO  England_NP  and_CC  re-established_VBN  himself_PPX1  at_IO  Beaudesert_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  sojourn_NN  abroad_RR  had_VHD  well_RR  served_VBN  its_APP$  purpose_NN  :_:  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  the_AT1    wretched_JJ  nerves_NNS    of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  were_VBDR  at_RR  last_RR  quiescent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  blessing_NN  of_IO  uninterrupted_JJ  sleep_NN  .  
  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  employment_NN  was_VBDZ  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Cowper_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  Princess_NNSB1  Lieven_NP  on_IO  September_NN1  25th_MD  that_CS  Anglesey_NP  was_VBDZ  very_RG  much_RR  annoyed_JJ  at_IO  not_XX  obtaining_VBG  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Auckland_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_TO  govern_VV0  India_NP  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  truth_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Melbourne's_PPIO2  letter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  ,_,  offering_VBG  Anglesey_NP  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Gibraltar_NP  ,_,  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  sop_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  ,_,    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  military_JJ  situations_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  crown_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  bestow_VV0    the_AT1  salary_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  settled_VBN  .  at_IO  five_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  yearly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  being_VBG  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  is_VBZ  not_XX  hereafter_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  absent_JJ  from_IO  his_APP$  post_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  struck_VBN  me_PPIO1  that_CS  altho'_CS  very_RG  improbable_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  impossible_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  be_VB0  willing_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  of_IO  this_DD1  appointment_NN  .    
  the_AT1  reply_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  bereft_VBN  of_IO  asperity_NN  :_:  
    Beaudesert_NP  ,_,  \0Sept_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  1835_MC  .  
    dear_JJ  Melbourne_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  received_VBN  your_APP$  letter_NN  of_IO  yesterday_NN1  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  remainder_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  at_IO  Gibraltar_NP  ,_,  &_CC  moreover_RR  (_(  if_CS  even_RR  residence_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  condition_NN  )_)  ,_,  having_VHG  no_AT1  taste_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  sinecure_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  the_AT1  offer_NN  &_CC  to_TO  decline_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    I_PPIS1  remain_VV0  ,_,  dear_JJ  Melbourne_NP  ,_,  faithfully_RR  yours_PP$  ,_,    Anglesey_NP    .  
  soon_RR  after_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  Clarence_NP  Paget_NP  had_VHD  become_VBN  seriously_RR  ill_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  supposed_JJ  abscess_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  .  
  after_IO  months_NNS  of_IO  suffering_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  despaired_VBN  of_IO  when_CS as_IO  a_AT1  last_DA  resort_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  patient_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  consult_VV0  Hahnemann_NP  once_RR  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  further_RRR  than_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  for_CS  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  great_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  driven_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  Germany_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  antipathy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  orthodox_JJ  brethren_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  difficulty_NN  was_VBDZ  how_CS to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  expedition_NN  from_IO  England_NP  without_IO  killing_VBG  the_AT1  patient_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  completed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  was_VBDZ  overcome_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  manner_NN  .  
    fortunately_RR  ,_,    wrote_VVD  Clarence_NP  in_IO  after_JB  years_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  King_NNSB1  .  remembered_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  luxurious_JJ  old_JJ  bed_NN  travelling-carriage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  coach-houses_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  carried_VBN  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  George_NP  4_MC  .  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  kindly_RR  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  disposal_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  .  
  into_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  ,_,  more_RG  dead_JJ  than_CS  alive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  across_RP  to_IO  Calais_NP  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  thence_RR  by_IO  easy_JJ  stages_NNS  to_IO  Paris_NP  .  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hahnemann_NP  was_VBDZ  immediately_RR  summoned_VBN    a_AT1  little_JJ  wizened_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  seventy_MC  (_(  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  over_IO  eighty_MC  )_)  ,_,  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  five_MC  feet_NNS  high_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  bent_VBN  double_JJ    with_IO  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  remarkably_RR  intelligent_JJ  French_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  very_RG  plain_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  much_RR  younger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  one_MC1  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  necromancer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  down_RP  every_AT1  symptom_NN  ,_,  examined_VVD  me_PPIO1  all_RR  over_RP  ,_,  asked_VVD  ever_RR  so_RG  many_DA  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  scarcely_RR  strength_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  gold-headed_JJ  cane_NN  to_TO  depart_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  father_NN  hung_VVD  upon_IO  every_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  get_VV0  nothing_PN1  from_IO  him_PPHO1  .  **"_**'  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Trelawny's_PPIO2  printed_JJ  letter_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Sidney_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Douglas_NP  Kinnaird_NP  saying_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  incorrect_JJ  throughout_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_RR  sooner_RRR  heard_VBN  from_IO  Count_NNSB1  Gamba_NP  and_CC  Fletcher_NP  that_CS  Byron_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  wished_VBN  his_APP$  body_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  England_NP  than_CS  that_DD1  course_NN  was_VBDZ    immediately_RR  carried_VBN  into_IO  effect_NN      not_XX  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  himself_PPX1  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Frederick_NP  Stoven_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  their_APP$  perfect_JJ  concurrence_NN  ,_,  while_CS      General_NNSB1  Adam_NP  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Corfu_NP  the_AT1  whole_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  never_RR  interfered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  degree_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN    .  
  his_APP$  only_DA  reference_NN  to_IO  Trelawny_NP  by_IO  name_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  several_DA  communications_NNS  to_IO  Hobhouse_NP  and_CC  Kinnaird_NP  about_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  affairs_NNS  is_VBZ  satirical_JJ  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  the_AT1  honor_NN  of_IO  any_DD  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Trelawny_NP  who_PNQS seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mule_NP  when_CS Count_NNSB1  Gamba_NP  accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  deceased_JJ  friend_NN  to_IO  Zante_NP  .  .    
  if_CS  Trelawny_NP  failed_VVD  even_RR  to_TO  meet_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Sidney_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  British_JJ  government's_NN1$  other_DA  representatives_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  islands_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  they_PPHS2  warmly_RR  welcomed_VVD  Gamba_NP  to_IO  their_APP$  counsels_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  go_VV0  far_RR  to_TO  explain_VV0  his_APP$  attempts_NNS  to_TO  exalt_VV0  himself_PPX1  at_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  Italian's_NNP$  expense_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  popular_JJ  and_CC  acutely_RR  unreliable_JJ  book_NN  on_IO  Byron_NP  and_CC  Shelley_NP  ,_,  Trelawny_NP  implies_VBZ  that_CS  not_XX  only_RR  Gamba_NP  but_CCB  Fletcher_NP  and_CC  Tita_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  steward_NN  ,_,  Lega_NP  Zambelli_NP  ,_,  failed_VVD  to_TO  perform_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  elementary_JJ  duties_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  pretends_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  found_VBN  everything_PN1  in_IO  uttermost_JB  disorder_NN      tokens_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  pilgrim_NN  had_VHD  most_RBT  treasured_VBN  ,_,  scattered_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,    as_IO  rubbish_NN  of_IO  no_AT1  marketable_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  and_CC  trampled_VBN  on_IO    .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  give_VV0  colour_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  pretext_NN  for_IO  copying_VBG  Byron's_PPIO2  last_DA  letter_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  that_CS  its_APP$  chance_NN  of_IO  reaching_VBG  its_APP$  destination_NN  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  slight_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  Pietro_NP  Gamba's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  deposited_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  Murray_NP  manuscripts_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  care_NN  was_VBDZ  observed_VBN  in_IO  gathering_VBG  together_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  possessions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  importance_NN  was_VBDZ  fully_RR  recognized_VBN  by_IO  everyone_PN1  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  put_VBN  under_IO  government_NN  seal_NN  his_APP$  belongings_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  opened_VBN  by_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  Mavrocordato_NP  in_IO  my_APP$  presence_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  certain_JJ  Englishmen_NP2  who_PNQS are_VBR  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  taken_VBN  an_AT1  exact_JJ  inventory_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  thus_RR  on_IO  April_NN1  21st_MD  ,_,  several_DA  days_NNS  before_CS  Trelawny_NP  appeared_VVD  ,_,  Gamba_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Sidney_NP  Osborne_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  inventory_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  preserved_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  papers_NNS  were_VBDR  reopened_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  leading_JJ  Missolonghi_NP  officials_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  no_AT1  recent_JJ  will_NN  was_VBDZ  amongst_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  then_RL  that_CS  Trelawny_NP  contrived_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  his_APP$  copying_NN  .  
  considering_CS  that_CS  Pietro_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  above_IO  twenty-three_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  undertook_VVD  a_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  responsibilities_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  conduct_NN  reveals_VBZ  him_PPHO1  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  intelligent_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  most_RG  sympathetic_JJ  of_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  entourage_NN  in_IO  Greece_NP  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  good_JJ  looks_NNS    for_CS  he_PPHO1    carried_VVD  the_AT1  passport_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  handsome_JJ  person_NN      his_APP$  good_JJ  manners_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  perfect_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  pretension_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  even_RR  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  disarming_VBG  Hobhouse's_PPIO2  possessiveness_NN  and_CC  making_VBG  him_PPHO1  forget_VV0  how_CS deeply_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  disapproved_VBN  ,_,  less_DA  than_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  immoral_JJ  way_NN  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  Guiccioli's_PPIO2  family_NN  accepted_VVD  Byron_NP  as_IO  her_APP$  lover_NN  .  
  Augusta_NP  Leigh_NP  too_RR  was_VBDZ  favourably_RR  impressed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  after_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  a_AT1  visit_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  :_:  *"_*'  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  today_NN1  seen_VBN  Count_NNSB1  Gamba_NP    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  very_RG  distressing_JJ  for_IO  many_DA  reasons_NNS  but_CCB  quite_RR  unavoidable_JJ    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pleasing_JJ  ,_,  fine_JJ  looking_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  &_CC  spoke_VVD  with_IO  great_JJ  feeling_NN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  Augusta_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  worst_JJT  states_NNS  of_IO  confusion_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  loved_VBN  Byron_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  betrayed_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  betrayed_VBN  him_PPHO1  not_XX  twice_RR  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  betrayed_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  over_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  span_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  fawning_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  implacable_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  purveying_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  secret_NN  the_AT1  unguarded_JJ  letters_NNS  he_PPHO1  never_RR  suspected_VVD  any_DD  eye_NN  but_CCB  her_APP$  own_DA  would_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  feeding_VBG  the_AT1  stealthy_JJ  fires_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  animosity_NN  :_:  and_CC  having_VHG  betrayed_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  to_TO  fear_VV0  and_CC  almost_RR  to_TO  hate_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  dreaded_VBN  his_APP$  outpourings_NNS  of_IO  affection_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  poetry_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  would_VM  clear_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  that_PNQS only_RR  compromised_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  headstrong_JJ  folly_NN  that_PNQS tempted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  write_VV0  on_IO  ever_RR  more_RG  daring_JJ  themes_NNS  ,_,  teaching_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  to_TO  guess_VV0  what_DDQ  repentance_NN  and_CC  unrepentance_NN  preyed_VVD  upon_IO  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  dreaded_VBN  still_RR  more_RRR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  England_NP  ,_,  overshadowing_VBG  her_PPHO1  again_RR  with_IO  spiritual_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  peril_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  return_NN  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  could_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  foreseen_VBN  .  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  not_XX  voluble_JJ  but_CCB  silent_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  beautiful_JJ  but_CCB  defaced_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  obloquy_NN  but_CCB  with_IO  his_APP$  praises_NNS  ringing_VBG  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  remember_VV0  now_RL  his_APP$  exciting_JJ  laughter_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  almost_RR  filial_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  almost_RR  maternal_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  remember_VV0  the_AT1  anguish_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  parting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN    convulsed_VBN  ,_,  absolutely_RR  convulsed_VBN  with_IO  grief_NN    .  
  so_RR  love_NN  revived_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  sentimental_JJ  form_NN  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  touch_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  perpetual_JJ  alarms_NNS  with_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  best_JJT  in_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  dead_JJ  his_APP$  memory_NN  became_VVD  sacred_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  almost_RR  as_RG  strongly_RR  as_IO  Hobhouse_NP  about_IO  biographies_NNS  .  
  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  divagations_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$    poor_JJ  brother_NN      so_RR  she_PPHO1  constantly_RR  referred_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1    there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  reasons_NNS  why_CS it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  objectionable_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  family_NN  history_NN  exposed_VBN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  latitude_NN  she_PPHO1  allowed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  kindly_JJ  nature_NN  to_IO  others_DA2    or_CC  to_IO  herself_PPX1    she_PPHO1  believed_VVD  implicitly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  code_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  from_IO  her_APP$  good_JJ  grandmother_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Holderness_NP  ,_,  living_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  well-ordered_JJ  Derbyshire_NP  manor_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  print_NN  that_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  duchess_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  involved_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  scandalous_JJ  and_CC  ruinous_JJ  divorce_NN  ,_,  that_CS  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,    mad_JJ  Jack_NP  Byron_NP    ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  profligate_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  bankrupt_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  squandered_VBN  every_AT1  penny_NN  two_MC  successive_JJ  wives_NNS  had_VHD  brought_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  left_VBN  the_AT1  second_MD  on_IO  the_AT1  verge_NN  of_IO  destitution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  died_VBN  a_AT1  drunkard_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  suicide_NN  ,_,  hiding_VBG  in_IO  France_NP  to_TO  escape_VV0  his_APP$  creditors_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  more_RG  pleasant_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  Augusta_NP  Leigh_NP  to_TO  share_VV0  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  story_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  most_DA  20th-century_JB  ladies_NNS  moving_VBG  in_IO  court_NN  circles_NNS  and_CC  having_VHG  children_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  settled_VBN  advantageously_RR  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  lived_VBN  down_RP  the_AT1  rumours_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  made_VBN  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Byron_NP  separation_NN  a_AT1  nightmare_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  also_RR  succeeded_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  with_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  ,_,  in_IO  persuading_VBG  her_APP$  little_JJ  world_NN  to_TO  avert_VV0  its_APP$  eyes_NNS  from_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,    that_DD1  drone_NN    ,_,  as_CS  Byron_NP  called_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  career_NN  of_IO  devotion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  turf_NN  was_VBDZ  reputed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  shadiness_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  earned_VBN  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  in_IO  peace_NN  .  
  Byron's_PPIO2  fame_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  very_RG  wonderful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  carried_VVD  with_IO  it_PPH1  too_RG  many_DA  reminders_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  terrible_JJ  indiscretions_NNS    the_AT1  writing_NN  of_IO  Don_NNSB1  Juan_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  ceased_VBN  to_TO  deplore_VV0  ,_,  his_APP$  shocking_JJ  blasphemies_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  judgement_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  making_VBG  friends_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  atheist_NN  known_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  as_IO    that_DD1  infamous_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Shelley_NP    ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  mixing_VBG  with_IO  really_RR  low_JJ  and_CC  horrid_JJ  people_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  subversive_JJ  journalist_NN  Leigh_NP  Hunt_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  one_MC1  would_VM  never_RR  conceivably_RR  meet_VV0  in_IO  decent_JJ  society_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  emphatically_RR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  indelicacies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  book_NN  by_IO  Dallas_NP  .  
  letters_NNS  between_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  son_NN    a_AT1  son_NN  so_RG  outspoken_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  mother_NN  so_RG  far_RR  from_RR  suitable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  paraded_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  brought_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  that_DD1  seedy_JJ  poor_JJ  relation_NN  ,_,  Dallas_NP  !_!  
  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  in_IO  worse_JJ  taste_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ill-mannered_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  even_RR  had_VHN  the_AT1  common_JJ  courtesy_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  sent_VBN  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  verbal_JJ  message_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  niece_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  simply_RR  informing_VBG  her_PPHO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  intention_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hobhouse_NP  to_TO  depend_VV0  on_IO  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  shared_VBN  Annabella's_PPIO2  detestation_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hobhouse_NP    had_VHD  agreed_VBN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  influence_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1    Piccadilly_NP  crew_NN    who_PNQS encouraged_VVD  Byron_NP  to_TO  drink_VV0  and_CC  behave_VV0  outrageously_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  diplomatic_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  let_VBN  him_PPHO1  suspect_VV0  the_AT1  scornful_JJ  terms_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  referring_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  daily_JJ  letters_NNS  to_IO  Annabella_NP  when_CS the_AT1  marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  breaking_VBG  up_RP  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  fortunate_JJ  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  turned_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  friend_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  done_VBN  more_DA  to_TO  silence_VV0  the_AT1  whisperings_NNS  which_DDQ  connected_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  so_RG  untruly_RR  and_CC  unfairly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  separation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  godless_JJ  debauchee_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  seemed_VBN  but_CCB  a_AT1  serious-minded_JJ  person_NN  who_PNQS felt_VVD  exactly_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  about_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  poetical_JJ  defiances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS had_VHD  the_AT1  same_DA  passionate_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  protect_VV0  his_APP$  memory_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  generous_JJ  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  his_APP$  expenses_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  were_VBDR  heavy_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  depended_VVD  on_IO  an_AT1  allowance_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  renounced_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  sake_NN  Byron's_PPIO2  legacy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  Hanson_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  solicitor_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  naturally_RR  remunerated_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  services_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hobhouse's_PPIO2  duties_NNS  as_IO  executor_NN  were_VBDR  performed_VBN  without_IO  reward_NN  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  more_DA  trouble_NN  brewing_VBG  with_IO  those_DD2  unbearable_JJ  Dallases_NP2  .  
  Dallas_NP  senior_NN  was_VBDZ  detained_VBN  in_IO  Paris_NP  by_IO  severe_JJ  illness_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Dallas_NP  junior_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  fight_NN  and_CC  applying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  injunction_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  lifted_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  cousin_NN  ,_,  now_RL  7th_MD  lord_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  got_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  compose_VV0  an_AT1  affidavit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  that_CS  ,_,  whereas_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  formerly_RR  been_VBN  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  approve_VV0  the_AT1  publication_NN  unless_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  first_RR  been_VBN  examined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  relatives_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessor_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  now_RL  read_VBN  the_AT1  book_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  content_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  issued_VBN  without_IO  that_DD1  precaution_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  things_NNS  in_IO  Augusta's_PPIO2  whole_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  full_JJ  of_IO  calamities_NNS  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  that_PNQS hurt_VVD  her_PPHO1  more_RRR  than_IO  this_DD1  contemptuous_JJ  slight_NN  from_IO  George_NP  Anson_NP  Byron_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  loved_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  unswerving_JJ  loyalty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  looked_VBN  on_IO  as_IO  her_APP$  intimate_JJ  friend_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  without_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  such_DA  pronouncements_NNS  :_:  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  inherited_VBN  nothing_PN1  from_IO  her_APP$  brother_NN  but_IO  his_APP$  title_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  of_IO  nearer_JJ  consanguinity_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  recipient_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  property_NN  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  known_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  were_VBDR  precisely_RR  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS her_APP$  cousin_NN  took_VVD  pleasure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  annoying_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  like_VV0  Augusta_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  intimate_JJ  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  every_AT1  instance_NN  where_CS the_AT1  occasion_NN  was_VBDZ  granted_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  some_DD  excuse_NN  for_IO  bestowing_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  whole_NN  or_CC  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  confidences_NNS  which_DDQ  never_RR  failed_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_APP$  audience_NN  agape_RR  with_IO  wonder_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  magnanimity_NN  and_CC  Augusta's_PPIO2  wickedness_NN  .  
  George_NP  Anson_NP  Byron_NP  had_VHD  seen_VBN  enough_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  atrocious_JJ  conduct_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  husband_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  aware_JJ  that_CS  Augusta_NP  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  collapse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  marriage_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  Lady_NNSB1  Byron's_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  support_NN  and_CC  comfort_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  deemed_VBN  necessary_JJ  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  to_TO  enlighten_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  suspicions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  repeated_VBN  them_PPHO1  to_IO  his_APP$  newly_RR  married_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  their_APP$  friendship_NN  for_IO  Augusta_NP  became_VVD  rather_RR  hollow_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  news_NN  that_CS  Byron_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  practically_RR  all_DB  his_APP$  money_NN  caused_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  crumble_VV0  to_IO  oblivion_NN  .  
  though_CS  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  knew_VVD  perfectly_RR  well_RR  that_CS  Byron_NP  ,_,  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  wedding_NN  ,_,  1815_MC  ,_,  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  will_NN  in_IO  Augusta's_PPIO2  favour_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  evidently_RR  not_XX  passed_VBN  on_RP  that_DD1  information_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  came_VVD  as_IO  an_AT1  appalling_JJ  surprise_NN  to_IO  Captain_NNSB1  Byron_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  fortune_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  keep_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  title_NN  .  
  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  cherished_VBN  expectations_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  ,_,  considering_CS  that_CS  a_AT1  nearer_JJ  relative_NN  was_VBDZ  poor_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  debt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  bad_JJ  terms_NNS  with_IO  Byron_NP  since_IO  the_AT1  separation_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  whole-heartedly_RR  and_CC  with_IO  courage_NN  allied_VBN  himself_PPX1  with_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  side_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  that_CS  he_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  a_AT1  shock_NN  his_APP$  letters_NNS  poignantly_RR  show_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  disappointment_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  all_RR  the_AT1  worse_JJ  because_CS  the_AT1  will_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  produced_VBN  until_IO  nearly_RR  seven_MC  weeks_NNS  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  succession_NN  .  
    respecting_IO  the_AT1  will_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  widow_NN  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  after_IO  hearing_VBG  its_APP$  contents_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  very_DA  thought_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  painful_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  what_DDQ  Mary_NP  has_VHZ  said_VBN  about_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  true_JJ  .    
  what_DDQ  Mary_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  Lady_NNSB1  Byron_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  said_VBN  about_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_DB  sheet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  paper_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  my_APP$  dearest_JJT  Annabella_NP  ,_,  
  the_AT1  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  prominent_JJ  subject_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  letter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  convinced_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  dreadful_JJ  history_NN  connected_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  **"_**'  
  all_DB  friends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  emphasised_VVD  Ritchie's_PPIO2  humanity_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  revelation_NN  that_CS  anyone_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  could_VM  spare_VV0  time_NN  and_CC  thought_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  office_NN    ,_,    his_APP$  continual_JJ  kindness_NN  ,_,  generosity_NN  and_CC  public_JJ  spirit_NN    ,_,  together_RR  with_IO    social_JJ  pre-eminence_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  witty_JJ  Englishmen_NP2    ;_;  while_CS  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  press_NN  dwelt_VVD  on_IO    the_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  additional_JJ  responsibility_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state's_NN1$  illness_NN    (_(  in_IO  March_NN1  1911_MC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  fainting_NN  fit_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  two_MC  months'_NN2  rest_NN  )_)    and_CC  to_IO  his_APP$  leadership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  ,_,  which_DDQ  broke_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  under_JB  Secretary_NNSB1    ;_;  and_CC  observed_VVD  too_RR  that_CS  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ    more_RG  human_JJ  ,_,  genial_JJ  and_CC  considerate_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  reticent_JJ  and_CC  aloof_JJ  predecessor_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Kilbracken_NP    .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  true_JJ  story_NN  ,_,  connected_VBN  with_IO  another_DD1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  ,_,  regarding_IO  an_AT1  official_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  having_VHG  represented_VBN  his_APP$  country_NN  abroad_RR  for_IO  some_DD  ten_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  obscure_JJ  post_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  home_NN1  on_IO  leave_NN  and_CC  ,_,  summoning_VBG  all_DB  his_APP$  courage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  transfer_NN  ,_,  telephoned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  department_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:      this_DD1  is_VBZ  \0H.M_NP  representative_NN  in_IO      ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  replied_VVD  :_:      Christ_NP  !_!    and_CC  hung_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  receiver_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  delicate_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  handling_VBG  subordinates_NNS  ,_,  Ritchie_NP  adopted_VVD  a_AT1  different_JJ  method_NN  .  
  a_AT1  high-spirited_JJ  young_JJ  Indian_JJ  political_JJ  officer_NN  ,_,  Terence_NP  Keyes_NP  ,_,  brother_NN  of_IO  Admiral_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Roger_NP  Keyes_NP  ,_,  \0V.C_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  uncle_NN  of_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Geoffrey_NP  Keyes_NP  ,_,  \0V.C_NNSB1  ,_,  came_VVD  home_NN1  on_IO  furlough_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  frontier_NN  and_CC  expounded_VVD  to_IO  Ritchie_NP  some_DD  local_JJ  objections_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  frontier_NN  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  later_RRR  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ  infuriated_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  objections_NNS  ,_,  obviously_RR  communicated_VBN  by_IO  Keyes_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  nai"ve_JJ  inexperience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lapped_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  delight_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  supporting_VBG  some_DD  financial_JJ  objections_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  subsequent_JJ  reception_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  Ritchie_NP  pitched_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  officials_NNS  present_JJ  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  called_VVD    their_APP$  Chinese_JJ  methods_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  into_IO  Keyes_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  nevertheless_RR  invited_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  talk_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,  later_RRR  repeating_VBG  the_AT1  invitation_NN  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  writing_NN  ,_,  until_CS  Keyes_NP  eventually_RR  came_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  matter_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  personally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  the_AT1  feelings_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  officials_NNS  home_NN1  from_IO  India_NP  about_IO    old_JJ  buffers_NNS    like_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  afraid_JJ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  a_AT1  young_JJ  fellow_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  wrong_JJ  path_NN  .  
  Keyes_NP  left_VVD  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  reconciled_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  drubbing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  convinced_VBN  that_CS  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  Englishman_NN1  never_RR  resident_JJ  in_IO  India_NP  who_PNQS understood_VVD  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  government_NN  official_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  experience_NN  .  
  an_AT1  account_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  of_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  opinions_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  officials_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  few_DA  of_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  cherished_VVD  unbounded_JJ  regard_NN  .  
  for_IO  Kilbracken_NP  indeed_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  great_JJ  admiration_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  considered_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  timid_JJ  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  crux_NN  .  
  of_IO  Kitchener_NP  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  with_IO  humorous_JJ  exaggeration_NN  :_:  
    one_MC1  can_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  one_MC1  must_VM  shoot_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  people_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  our_APP$  office_NN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  one_MC1  must_VM  shoot_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  spared_VBN  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  ,_,  for_CS  Lady_NNSB1  Minto_NP  recalled_VVD  how_CS ,_,  when_CS her_APP$  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  Viceroy_NNSB1  ,_,  Ritchie_NP  once_RR  said_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  twinkle_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,      there_EX  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  a_DA  few_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Lord_NNSB1  Minto_NP  who_PNQS keeps_VBZ  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  in_IO  order_NN      he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN    very_RG  cranky_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  level-headed_JJ    by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Hardinge_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  Viceroy_NNSB1  .  
  of_IO  Lloyd_NP  George_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  after_IO  his_APP$  Mansion_NNL1  House_NNL1  speech_NN  of_IO  21_MC  July_NN1  1911_MC  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  gravely_RR  warned_VVD  Germany_NP  that_CS  England_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  mere_JB  spectator_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Agadir_NP  affair_NN  ,_,  Ritchie_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  amused_JJ  contempt_NN  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  so_RG  happy_JJ    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  at_RR  last_RR  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  something_PN1  important_JJ  .    
  since_IO  his_APP$  Eton_NP  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  admirers_NNS  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  colleague_NN  Curzon_NP  wrote_VVD  far_RR  back_RP  in_IO  1892_MC  :_:  
    Ritchie's_PPIO2  knowledge_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  are_VBR  unrivalled_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
  his_APP$  great_JJ  ability_NN  and_CC  judgment_NN  enable_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  share_NN  of_IO  responsibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  all_DB  parliamentary_JJ  points_NNS  (_(  questions_NNS  ,_,  debates_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  better_JJ  adviser_NN  than_IO  anyone_PN1  here_RL  .    
  in_IO  1909_MC  ,_,  on_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  appointment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,  Curzon_NP  wrote_VVD  :_:  
    hurrah_UH  .  
  so_RR  at_RR  last_RR  you_PPY  have_VH0  climbed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  dizzy_JJ  but_CCB  inevitable_JJ  spot_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  better_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  for_IO  India_NP  itself_PPX1  .    
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  assured_VVD  Lady_NNSB1  Ritchie_NP  ,_,  after_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  that_CS  his_APP$  good_JJ  relations_NNS  with_IO  Ritchie_NP  were_VBDR  never_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  difficulties_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  when_CS Viceroy_NNSB1  of_IO  India_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  defend_VV0  before_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  sterling_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  through_IO  \0Messrs_NNSB2  Samuel_NP  Montagu_NP  and_CC  company_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  through_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  financial_JJ  experts_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  fortunate_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  obtain_VV0  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  transaction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  advice_NN  and_CC  concurrence_NN    of_IO  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  of_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  all_DB  so_RG  deeply_RR  deplored_VVD  the_AT1  loss_NN    he_PPHO1  meant_VVD  his_APP$  friend_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Richmond_NP  Ritchie_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  late_JJ  permanent_JJ  under_IO  Secretary_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  .    
  on_IO  his_APP$  appointment_NN  as_IO  Viceroy_NNSB1  Curzon_NP  had_VHD  offered_VBN  to_IO  Ritchie_NP  the_AT1  post_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  political_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  Ritchie_NP  had_VHD  declined_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  reciprocating_VBG  Curzon's_PPIO2  admiration_NN  .  
  before_IO  leaving_VBG  for_IO  India_NP  ,_,  Curzon_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  room_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  ,_,    very_RG  affectionate_JJ  and_CC  cordial_JJ    ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  wrote_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  in_IO  bad_JJ  spirits_NNS  and_CC  rather_RR  doubtful_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  health_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  solemn_JJ  farewell_NN  .  
  existence_NN  officially_RR  will_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  nicer_JJ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  safe_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  distance_NN  .    
  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  on_IO  14_MC  July_NN1  1911_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Pop_NP  centenary_NN  dinner_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  at_IO  Eton_NP  .  
  Curzon_NP  went_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  busy_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  week_NN  later_RRR  ,_,  passing_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  High_NP  Street_NNL1  at_IO  Eton_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dinner_NN  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  Curzon_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  table_NN  delivering_VBG  a_AT1  speech_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  very_RG  well_JJ  there_RL    ,_,  was_VBDZ  Ritchie's_PPIO2  sole_JB  comment_NN  .  
    not_XX  too_RG  close_RR  .    
  as_CS  government_NN  documents_NNS  covering_VBG  the_AT1  last_DA  fifty_MC  years_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  public_JJ  ,_,  no_AT1  full_JJ  account_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  of_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  actual_JJ  achievements_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  biography_NN  observed_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  part_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  played_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  momentous_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  Indian_JJ  administration_NN  was_VBDZ  confidential_JJ  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  adherence_NN  to_IO  recorded_JJ  precedents_NNS  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  unexpected_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Morley's_PPIO2  policy_NN  in_IO  all_DB  questions_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  internal_JJ  affairs_NNS  of_IO  native_JJ  states_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  closely_RR  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  Tibet_NP  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  the_AT1  armed_JJ  mission_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  Younghusband_NP  to_IO  Lhasa_NP  in_IO  1903-4_MC-MC  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  resulted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-Russian_JJ  convention_NN  of_IO  1907_MC  .    
  the_AT1  old_JJ  India_NP  office_NN  files_NNS  contain_VV0  the_AT1  draft_NN  and_CC  counterdraft_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  convention_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  handwriting_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  still_RR  emanates_VBZ  the_AT1  aroma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tobacco_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  smoked_VBN  over_RR  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  poring_VBG  day_NN  and_CC  night_NN  over_IO  these_DD2  papers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  Anglo-Russian_JJ  convention_NN  regulated_VVD  the_AT1  relations_NNS  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Russia_NP  in_IO  Persia_NP  ,_,  removed_VVD  the_AT1  menace_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  military_JJ  operations_NNS  against_IO  India_NP  ,_,  and_CC  initiated_VVD  the_AT1  entente_NN  with_IO  Russia_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  entente_NN  with_IO  France_NP  ,_,  enabled_VVD  Great_NP  Britain_NP  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  German_JJ  danger_NN  in_IO  1914_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  landmarks_NNS  and_CC  turning_NN  points_NNS  in_IO  British_JJ  diplomatic_JJ  history_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  century_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  very_RG  great_JJ  difficulties_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  prevalent_JJ  Russian_JJ  anti-British_JJ  feeling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  sharp_JJ  and_CC  violent_JJ  political_JJ  conflicts_NNS  in_IO  Russian_JJ  ruling_JJ  circles_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  weakness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  government_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  convention_NN  were_VBDR  carried_VBN  out_RP  during_IO  1906_MC  and_CC  1907_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  skill_NN  and_CC  success_NN  in_IO  Russia_NP  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Nicolson_NP  (_(  then_RL  British_JJ  ambassador_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  ,_,  later_RRR  Lord_NNSB1  Carnock_NP  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  London_NP  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Grey_NP  (_(  then_RL  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  )_)  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Hardinge_NP  (_(  then_RL  permanent_JJ  under_IO  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  afterwards_RR  Lord_NNSB1  Hardinge_NP  of_IO  Penshurst_NP  )_)  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  (_(  then_RL  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  India_NP  )_)  and_CC  Ritchie_NP  (_(  although_CS  then_RL  only_RR  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  and_CC  secret_JJ  department_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  altogether_RR  approve_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  left_VBN    entirely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  account_NN    ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Ripon_NP  were_VBDR  kept_VBN  informed_JJ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Hardinge's_PPIO2  letter_NN  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Nicolson_NP  of_IO  10_MC  July_NN1  1907_MC  .  
  this_DD1  astonishing_JJ  secrecy_NN  vis-a*?3-vis_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  later_JJ  letter_NN  of_IO  Valentine_NP  Chirol_NP  dated_VBN  October_NN1  1907_MC  ,_,  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Morley's_PPIO2    fears_NNS    of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Kitchener_NP  (_(  then_RL  Commander-in-Chief_NNSB1  India_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1    weakness_NN  and_CC  inefficiency_NN    of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Minto_NP  (_(  then_RL  Viceroy_NNSB1  )_)  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  complained_VVD  ,_,    involved_VVD  a_AT1  complete_JJ  subversion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  \0H.M.G_NP  .    
  if_CS  one_MC1  may_VM  accept_VV0  Lord_NNSB1  Hardinge's_PPIO2  estimate_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  ,_,  mentioned_VBN  above_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  hard_JJ  to_TO  overestimate_VV0  the_AT1  role_NN  played_VBN  by_IO  Ritchie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  may_VM  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  adequately_RR  rewarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  award_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  of_IO  a_AT1  \0K.C.B_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1907_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  \0G.C.B_NNSB1  being_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  awarded_VBN  to_IO  Nicolson_NP  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  after_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  death_NN  ,_,  Hardinge_NP  ,_,  then_RL  Viceroy_NNSB1  ,_,  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Crewe_NP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  much_RR  shocked_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  your_APP$  telegram_NN  today_NN1  announcing_VBG  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Ritchie_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  whose_PNQV$  judgment_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  learned_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  great_JJ  confidence_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  years_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  he_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  worked_VVD  together_RR  in_IO  very_RG  close_JJ  conjunction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  things_NNS  go_VV0  very_RG  smoothly_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  looked_VVD  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  best_JJT  friends_NNS  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  loyal_JJ  coadjutor_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  on_IO  such_DA  good_JJ  terms_NNS  together_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  there_EX  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_DA  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-Russian_JJ  agreement_NN  .    
  reference_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_IO  Pope-Hennessy's_PPIO2  recent_JJ  biography_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Crewe_NP  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  emerges_VBZ  that_CS  from_IO  1905_MC  to_IO  1910_MC  ,_,  when_CS Lord_NNSB1  Minto_NP  was_VBDZ  Viceroy_NNSB1  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  India_NP  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS    very_RG  cranky_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  level-headed_JJ    ,_,    the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  in_IO  London_NP  increased_VVD  gradually_RR  but_CCB  imperceptibly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  Minto's_PPIO2  rule_NN  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  India_NP  had_VHD  more_DA  control_NN  over_IO  Indian_JJ  affairs_NNS  than_CS  had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  case_NN  before_II    ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  after_IO  1910_MC  the_AT1  Viceroy_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  Lord_NNSB1  Hardinge_NP  who_PNQS   lacked_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Minto's_PPIO2  enterprise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  a_AT1  more_RG  conventional_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  imaginative_JJ  man_NN    ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  was_VBDZ  Lord_NNSB1  Crewe_NP  ,_,  much_RR  absent_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  ill_JJ  health_NN  and_CC  other_DA  duties_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  .  
  Ritchie_NP  was_VBDZ  permanent_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  during_IO  most_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_VBG  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Mackenzie_NP  Chalmers_NP  (_(  see_VV0  page_NN  19_MC  )_)  considered_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  through_IO  Ritchie's_PPIO2  great_JJ  ability_NN  and_CC  devotion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  was_VBDZ  enabled_VBN  to_TO  pull_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  serious_JJ  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Dobbs_NP  (_(  see_VV0  page_NN  19_MC  )_)  wrote_VVD  that_CS  Ritchie_NP  had_VHD  very_RG  great_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  affairs_NNS  in_IO  India_NP  and_CC  saved_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  from_IO  many_DA  mistakes_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0R_NP  Dunlop_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  see_VV0  page_NN  20_MC  )_)  considered_VVD  Ritchie's_PPIO2  death_NN  a_AT1  blow_NN  to_IO  India_NP  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  measure_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  that_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Crewe_NP  himself_PPX1  (_(  see_VV0  page_NN  17_MC  )_)  admitted_VVD  that_CS  Ritchie_NP  could_VM  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  anybody_PN1  able_JJ  to_TO  wade_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  enormous_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  correspondence_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  or_CC  between_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  vital_JJ  busy_JJ  years_NNS  covering_VBG  the_AT1  Anglo-Russian_JJ  convention_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Minto-Morley_NP  reforms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Delhi_NP  Durbar_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  struck_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  small_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  or_CC  memoranda_NNS  from_IO  Ritchie_NP  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  typical_JJ  of_IO  how_CS he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  once_RR  written_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  authoress_NN  :_:  
    one_MC1  never_RR  accomplishes_VBZ  anything_PN1  outright_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  one's_$  exertions_NNS  ,_,  things_NNS  end_VV0  by_IO  happening_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  extent_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  wish_VV0  .    
  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  through_IO  successive_JJ  Secretaries_NNSB2  of_IO  state_NN  and_CC  Viceroys_NNSB2  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  his_APP$  value_NN  .  
  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  George_NP  Hamilton_NP  Ritchie_NP  ,_,  then_RL  forty_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ    his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  man_NN    ,_,  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Morley_NP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    the_AT1  ablest_JJT  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN    ,_,  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Crewe_NP  leaving_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  Delhi_NP  Durbar_NP  in_IO  1911_MC  recommended_VVD  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  under_IO  Secretary_NNSB1  Montagu_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS remained_VVD  behind_RP  ,_,  in_IO  everything_PN1    to_TO  consult_VV0  Ritchie_NP    .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  working_NN  life_NN  except_CS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  for_IO  better_JJ  positions_NNS  and_CC  more_DA  money_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  social_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  as_RG  complete_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  from_IO  school_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  garden_NN  .  
  cut_VV0  off_RP  from_IO  my_APP$  old_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Slough's_PPIO2  mad_JJ  round_NN  of_IO  spurious_JJ  gaiety_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  groomed_VVD  myself_PPX1  for_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  life_NN  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  lot_NN  (_(  about_RR  *+12_NNU  )_)  with_IO  my_APP$  sister's_NN1$  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  so_RG  horsey_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  Sellars_NP  and_CC  Yeatman_NP  original_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  Bertie_NP  Barnwell_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  old_JJ  acquaintance_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  from_IO  Pytchley_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  bought_VVD  a_AT1  hunter_NN  ,_,  saddle_NN  and_CC  bridle_NN  for_IO  *+25_NNU  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  slit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  coat_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  straw_NN  between_IO  my_APP$  teeth_NNS  ,_,  standing_VBG  with_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  position_NN  ,_,  smelling_VBG  faintly_RR  of_IO  ammonia_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  soon_RR  talk_VV0  horse_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  cows_NNS  came_VVD  home_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  talk_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  forward_JJ  seat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  uselessness_NN  of_IO  hunter_NN  classes_NNS  at_IO  horse_NN  shows_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  vagaries_NNS  of_IO  scent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  quote_VV0  Surtees_NP  ,_,  Beckford_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Badminton_NP  Library_NNL1  books_NNS  on_IO  hunting_VBG  and_CC  driving_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  horse_NN  and_CC  hound_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  opinions_NNS  I_PPIS1  expressed_VVD  were_VBDR  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  my_APP$  best_JJT  line_NN  was_VBDZ  whether_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  better_JJ  to_TO  ride_VV0  to_TO  hunt_VV0  or_CC  hunt_VV0  to_TO  ride_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  ,_,  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  horseman_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  memoirs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  foxhunting_NN  man_NN  in_RR  full_RR  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  that_DD1  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  holding_VBG  me_PPIO1    not_XX  with_IO  snaffle_NN  ,_,  gag_NN  ,_,  pelham_NN  ,_,  curb_NN  ,_,  bridoon_NN  or_CC  universal_NN  (_(  all_DB  done_VBN  from_IO  memory_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  up_IO  my_APP$  sleeve_NN  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  hunted_VVD  on_IO  Saturdays_NN2  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  horse_NN  shows_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stopped_VVD  earths_NNS  ,_,  built_VVD  fences_NNS  ,_,  dug_VVD  badgers_NNS  ,_,  schooled_VVD  ponies_NNS  ,_,  drove_VVD  traps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  became_VVD  the_AT1  complete_JJ    unspeakable_JJ  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  uneatable_JJ    .  
  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  touch_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  old_JJ  friends_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  narrow_JJ  outlook_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  with_IO  a_AT1  narrower_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  hunt_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  staff_NN  College_NNL1  drag_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  hunted_VVD  fox_NN  on_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  a_AT1  drag_NN  line_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  two_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  with_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  preparing_VBG  for_IO  their_APP$  annual_JJ  pantomime_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surprising_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  as_RG  well_RR  prepared_VBN  for_IO  war_NN  in_IO  1939_MC  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  military_JJ  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  old_JJ  friends_NNS  in_IO  Slough_NP  ,_,  persuaded_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  apply_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  commission_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  territorial_JJ  army_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  gazetted_VBN  2nd_MD  Lieutenant_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  5th_MD  battalion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  royal_JJ  regiment_NN  ,_,  in_IO  1936_MC  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  800_MC  officers_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  his_APP$  commission_NN  signed_VBN  by_IO  King_NNSB1  Edward_NP  8_MC  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  agony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  squire_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  yeoman_NN  farmer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  \0A_NP  \0G_NP  Street_NP  romantic_JJ  stuff_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  my_APP$  family_NN  had_VHD  lived_VBN  in_IO  Chobham_NP  (_(  the_AT1  parent_NN  village_NN  to_IO  West_NP  End_NP  )_)  for_IO  over_RR  350_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  honoured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  ,_,  at_IO  some_DD  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dim_JJ  past_NN  ,_,  by_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  local_JJ  common_NN  (_(  Street's_PPIO2  Heath_NNL1  )_)  named_VBN  after_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  students_NNS  of_IO  Surtees_NP  will_VM  now_RL  readily_RR  understand_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  latent_JJ  cynicism_NN  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  decide_VV0  then_RL  that_CS  if_CS  ever_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  write_VV0  enough_DD  to_TO  need_VV0  a_AT1  pseudonym_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0    Stephen_NP  Dumpling_NP    .  
  the_AT1  act_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  lacked_VVD  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  backing_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  soon_RR  realized_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  my_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN  and_CC  aunt_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  joining_VBG  them_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  during_IO  my_APP$  uncle's_NN1$  lifetime_NN  .  
  my_APP$  only_DA  possible_JJ  expectation_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  after_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  provision_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  aunt_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  then_RL  aged_JJ  respectively_RR  seventy-four_MC  and_CC  sixty-eight_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  so_RG  very_RG  long_RR  ,_,  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  work_VV0  hard_RR  :_:  almost_RR  every_AT1  evening_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  call_VV0  on_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  ,_,  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  bathed_VBN  and_CC  changed_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  chat_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  to_IO  church_NN  .  
  regularly_RR  ,_,  Sunday_NN1  in_RP  and_CC  Sunday_NN1  out_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  church_NN  at_IO  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  to_IO  matins_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  respectability_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  so_RG  common_JJ  as_IO  evensong_NN  (_(  the_AT1  service_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  servants_NNS  after_IO  a_AT1  day's_NN1$  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  rest_NN  )_)  or_CC  anything_PN1  so_RG  extravagant_JJ  and_CC  Romish_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  attendance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  o'clock_RR  communion_NN  service_NN  .  
  going_VBG  to_IO  church_NN  continued_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  habit_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  that_PNQS included_VVD  a_AT1  walk_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  constant_JJ  hope_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  drop_VV0  a_AT1  hint_NN  about_IO  my_APP$  future_JB  prospects_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  uncle_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  people's_NN2  churchwarden_NN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  remember_VV0  anyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Trollope_NP  ,_,  Jane_NP  Austen_NP  ,_,  Angela_NP  Thirkell_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  correspondence_NN  clerk_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  nursery_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  my_APP$  family_NN  connections_NNS  (_(  everyone_PN1  assumed_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  )_)  I_PPIS1  could_VM  only_RR  obtain_VV0  promotion_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  anyone_PN1  else_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  might_VM  leave_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  my_APP$  knowledge_NN  and_CC  ability_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  at_IO  twenty-two_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  settled_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  wait_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  dead_JJ  end_NN  kid_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  learnt_VBN  all_DB  that_PNQS it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  necessary_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  step_VV0  into_IO  my_APP$  uncle's_NN1$  shoes_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  ready-made_JJ  business_NN  .  
  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  thwarting_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  growing_VBG  rhododendrons_NNS  and_CC  azaleas_NNS  seemed_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  1939_MC  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  futile_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  Munich_NP  and_CC  its_APP$  aftermath_NN  made_VVD  gardening_NN  a_AT1  trap_NN  more_RRR  than_IO  an_AT1  escape_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  twenty-two_MC  .  
  even_RR  hunting_VBG  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  pall_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  March_NN1  1939_MC  I_PPIS1  attended_VVD  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  meet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  College_NNL1  draghounds_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  energies_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  directed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  territorial_JJ  army_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  reading_NN  matter_NN  became_VVD  field_NN  service_NN  regulations_NNS  1927_MC  ,_,  volume_NN  2_MC  ,_,  and_CC    Cassandra_NP    of_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  mirror_NN  .  
  William_NP  Connor_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS began_VVD  that_DD1  column_NN  in_IO  1935_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  my_APP$  favourite_JB  journalist_NN  .  
  my_APP$  secret_JJ  ambition_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  write_VV0  a_AT1  similar_JJ  column_NN  but_CCB  with_IO  a_AT1  right-wing_JB  slant_NN  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  I_PPIS1  seldom_RR  agreed_VVD  with_IO  what_DDQ  Connor_NP  wrote_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  in_IO  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  .  
  and_CC  once_RR  ,_,  about_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  very_RG  wrong_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  bitter_JJ  ,_,  brilliant_JJ  piece_NN  tearing_VBG  to_IO  bits_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  every_AT1  tooth_NN  and_CC  claw_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  magnificent_JJ  vocabulary_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  comment_NN  of_IO  some_DD  woman_NN  in_IO  America_NP  that_CS  ,_,  to_IO  people_NNS  doing_VBG  a_AT1  routine_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  war_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  welcome_JJ  relief_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  relief_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  still_RR  been_VBN  hoeing_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RRR  so_PN1  .  
  in_IO  peace-time_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  single_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  dead_JJ  man's_NN1$  shoes_NNS  :_:  in_IO  war_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  keen_JJ  young_JJ  officer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  flying_JJ  start_NN  in_IO  training_NN  and_CC  seniority_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  never_RR  heard_VVD  a_AT1  shot_NN  fired_VBN  in_IO  anger_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN    particularly_RR  for_IO  my_APP$  mental_JJ  attitude_NN  today_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  my_APP$  experience_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  angry_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1941_MC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  dangerously_RR  ill_JJ  with_IO  pneumonia_NN  in_IO  Leeds_NP  Castle_NNL1  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Maidstone_NP  .  
  Andrew_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  subaltern_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  company_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  stationed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  after_IO  my_APP$  mother_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  visit_VV0  me_PPIO1  as_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  telegram_NN  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  be_VB0  quite_RR  fair_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Harold_NP  Fennell_NP  who_PNQS made_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  journey_NN  ,_,  even_RR  providing_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  hired_JJ  car_NN    not_XX  easy_JJ  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  unkind_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  motives_NNS  were_VBDR  no_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  mine_PP$  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  regular_JJ  in_IO  my_APP$  attendance_NN  at_IO  church_NN  together_RR  with_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN  and_CC  aunt_NN  .  
  after_IO  coming_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  learning_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  reacting_VBG  to_IO  drugs_NNS  ,_,  Mother_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  sad_JJ  and_CC  close_RR  to_IO  tears_NNS  .  
  Andrew_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  cheer_VV0  her_PPHO1  up_RP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Street_NP  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  .  
  John_NP  will_VM  get_VV0  better_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  send_VV0  him_PPHO1  home_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  meet_VV0  some_DD  nice_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  I_PPIS1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  killed_VBN  .    
  for_IO  some_DD  ten_MC  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  ill_JJ  ,_,  out_RP  under_IO  morphia_NN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  nursed_VBN    it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  fill_VV0  in_RP  your_APP$  next-of-kin_NN  as_IO    mother_NC2    and_CC  not_XX    wife_NC2    .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  drugs_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  having_VHG  the_AT1  right_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  once_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  expect_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  believe_VV0  what_DDQ  follows_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  even_RR  defend_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  about_RP  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  rational_JJ  explanations_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  coincidence_NN  ,_,  self-persuasion_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  triumph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  will_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  during_IO  that_DD1  long_JJ  illness_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  told_VBN  ,_,  plainly_RR  and_CC  simply_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  Sunday_NN1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  hospital_NN  ,_,  during_IO  my_APP$  morning_NN  period_NN  of_IO  consciousness_NN  ,_,  just_RR  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  washed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  hospital_NN  Chaplain_NNSB1  came_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  bed_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  my_APP$  communion_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  would_VM  .  
  the_AT1  screens_NNS  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  round_II  .  
  the_AT1  Chaplain_NNSB1  administered_VVD  the_AT1  sacrament_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  for_IO  my_APP$  recovery_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  ,_,  so_PN1  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  .  
  almost_RR  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  better_JJ  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  argument_NN  in_IO  dialectic_NN  materialism_NN  or_CC  progressive_JJ  humanism_NN  or_CC  applied_JJ  psychology_NN  will_VM  not_XX  convince_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  cured_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  near-miracle_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  just_RR  gone_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  patch_NN  of_IO  selfishness_NN  and_CC  disbelief_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  stout_JJ  protestant_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  great_JJ  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Eucharist_NP  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  ill_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  deliberately_RR  offensive_JJ  to_IO  Father_NNSB1  Stevenson_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  priest_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  company_NN  mess_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  provoke_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  Anglo-Catholic_JJ  church_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  stationed_VBN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  I_PPIS1  regret_VV0  my_APP$  pride_NN  and_CC  bad_JJ  manners_NNS  and_CC  my_APP$  narrow_JJ  sectarian_JJ  insolence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Father_NNSB1  Stevenson_NP  had_VHD  more_DA  influence_NN  on_IO  me_PPIO1  than_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ever_RR  know_VV0    coupled_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  personal_JJ  miracle_NN  at_IO  Maidstone_NP  .  
  daily_RR  ,_,  hourly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  grew_VVD  stronger_JJ  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  fit_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  moved_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  transferred_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  eating_NN  utensils_NNS  all_DB  had_VHD  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  elastoplast_NN  stuck_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  nurses_NNS  would_VM  only_RR  answer_VV0  my_APP$  questions_NNS  with_IO  tactful_JJ  evasions_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  rather_RR  noisy_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  ward_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easier_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  attend_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
    there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  larger_JJ  night_NN  staff_NN  up_IO  here_RL  .    
  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  convinced_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  great_JJ  shock_NN  when_CS the_AT1  senior_JJ  physician_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  spot_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  lung_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pneumonia_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  transferred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  legion_NN  sanatorium_NN  at_IO  Preston_NP  Hall_NNL1  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  bad_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  the_AT1  army_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  my_APP$  life_NN  :_:  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  even_RR  been_VBN  accused_VBN  of_IO  out-soldiering_VBG  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  enjoyed_VBN  every_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  from_IO  wet_JJ  hours_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  slit_JJ  trench_NN  to_IO  foot-stamping_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  barrack_NN  square_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  army_NN  in_IO  1941_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  only_RR  half_RR  fought_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  unbearable_JJ  .  
  in_IO  bed_NN  all_DB  day_NN  ,_,  on_IO  complete_JJ  rest_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  only_RR  caught_VVD  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  glimpse_NN  of_IO  hollow-cheeked_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS lived_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  open_JJ  huts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS    men_NNS  who_PNQS knew_VVD  only_RR  too_RG  well_RR  that_CS  phosgene_NN  smelt_VVD  of_IO  musty_JJ  hay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  mustard_NN  gas_NN  of_IO  garlic_NN  .  
  for_IO  three_MC  months_NNS  I_PPIS1  lay_VVD  on_IO  my_APP$  back_NN  with_IO  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  but_CCB  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  injections_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  pray_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  discharged_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  .  
  not_XX  just_RR  vaguely_RR  reminiscing_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  idly_RR  speculating_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  serious_JJ  constructive_JJ  thinking_NN  about_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  problems_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  cousin_NN  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  weekend_NN  book_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  poetry_NN  for_IO  pleasure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  think_VV0  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  write_VV0  spasmodically_RR    odd_JJ  descriptions_NNS  of_IO  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  ,_,  little_JJ  experiences_NNS  ,_,  brief_JJ  character_NN  sketches_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  known_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  those_DD2  three_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  more_RG  important_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  seem_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ,_,  within_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  mind_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  stamped_VBN  on_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  by_IO  rugger_NN  boots_NNS  or_CC  riding_NN  boots_NNS  or_CC    boots_NNS  ,_,  brown_JJ  ,_,  officer's_NN1$  pattern_NN    .  
  27_MC  .  
  a_AT1  German_JJ  prisoner_NN  of_IO  war_NN  camp_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  quiet_JJ  ,_,  gaunt_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  no_AT1  trouble_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  tamed_VVD  and_CC  made_VVD  pets_NNS  of_IO  grey_JJ  squirrels_NNS  and_CC  field_NN  mice_NNS  and_CC  kept_VVD  the_AT1  camp_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  order_NN  .  
  garden_NN  patches_NNS  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  whitened_JJ  stones_NNS  sprung_VVD  up_RP  where_CS there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  nothing_PN1  but_IO  rubble_NN  and_CC  old_JJ  tins_NNS  .  
  if_CS  all_DB  fraternising_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  strictly_RR  forbidden_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  village_NN  maidens_NNS  would_VM  gladly_RR  have_VH0  obliged_VBN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  outside_JB  outside_JB  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoons_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  how_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  Willi_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  as_IO  part-time_JJ  gardener_NN  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  Ron_NP  ,_,  transferred_VBN  to_IO  another_DD1  home_NN1  guard_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  first_RR  saw_VVD  Willi_NP  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gaunt_JJ  and_CC  angular_JJ  and_CC  already_RR  going_VBG  grey_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  surprised_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  twenty-three_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  Ron_NP  a_AT1  whole_JJ  day_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  Willi_NP  achieved_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  everything_PN1  ship-shape_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  order_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  embarrassingly_RR  humble_JJ  and_CC  self-effacing_JJ  ,_,  bitterly_RR  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  about_IO  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  children_NNS  coming_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  stop_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  and_CC  lean_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  spade_NN  and_CC  watch_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  especially_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  blonde_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  small_JJ  daughter_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  also_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  son_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  seen_VBN  .    
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  Willi_NP  better_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  farm_NN  ,_,  shortly_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  school_NN  ,_,  turned_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  and_CC  packed_VBN  off_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  worked_VVD  with_IO  agriculture_NN  and_CC  knew_VVD  little_DA  about_IO  politics_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  very_RG  clever_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  very_RG  well_RR  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  about_IO  .  
  only_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS wished_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  farmer_NN  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  hero_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  talk_NN  of_IO  Hitler_NP  and_CC  this_DD1  and_CC  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  my_APP$  own_DA  position_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  that_CS  I_PPIS1  understood_VVD  well_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  a_AT1  General_NNSB1  in_IO  full_JJ  rig_NN  came_VVD  down_RP  one_MC1  day_NN  to_TO  lunch_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  across_IO  Willi_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  Willi_NP  went_VVD  very_RG  white_JJ  ,_,  half_RR  expecting_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  sword_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  took_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  case_NN  and_CC  offered_VVD  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  like_IO  that_DD1  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,    Willi_NP  said_VVD  afterwards_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  sad_JJ  and_CC  bewildered_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  tea_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  afternoons_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  boiled_JJ  eggs_NNS  and_CC  coffee_NN  ,_,  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  used_JJ  coffee_NN  grounds_NNS  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  did_VDD  anything_PN1  without_IO  first_RR  asking_VBG  permission_NN  ,_,  always_RR  a_RR  little_RR  shamefaced_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  fearing_VBG  he_PPHO1  presumed_VVD  .  
  before_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  doll_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  Blondie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  came_VVD  shyly_RR  to_TO  ask_VV0  might_VM  he_PPHO1  be_VB0  permitted_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  arrogant_JJ  or_CC  bumptious_JJ  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  servile_JJ  .  
  only_RR  excessively_RR  humble_JJ  and_CC  any_DD  kindness_NN  or_CC  consideration_NN  that_PNQS came_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  obviously_RR  caused_VVD  him_PPHO1  immense_JJ  surprise_NN  .  
  Willi_NP  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Germany_NP  when_CS peace_NN  came_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  home_NN1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  zone_NN  .  
    here_RL  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  less_RG  free_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  as_IO  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  of_IO  war_NN  in_IO  England_NP  .    
  his_APP$  ambition_NN  was_VBDZ  somehow_RR  to_TO  save_VV0  enough_DD  to_TO  get_VV0  his_APP$  family_NN  and_CC  himself_PPX1  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  within_IO  his_APP$  grasp_NN  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  currency_NN  laws_NNS  reduced_VVD  his_APP$  savings_NNS  to_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  heard_VBN  from_IO  Willi_NP  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  news_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  someone_PN1  who_PNQS had_VHD  got_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_IO  America_NP  and_CC  wrote_VVD  me_PPIO1  from_IO  there_RL  saying_VBG  Willi_NP  had_VHD  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  inform_VV0  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  forgotten_VBN  us_PPIO2   but_CCB  life_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  please_UH  when_CS I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  him_PPHO1  would_VM  I_PPIS1  be_VB0  very_RG  careful_JJ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  because_CS  letters_NNS  to_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  and_CC  from_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  were_VBDR  carefully_RR  watched_VBN  .  
    no_PN1  one_PN    wrote_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  America_NP    can_VM  realise_VV0  what_DDQ  these_DD2  poor_JJ  people_NNS  must_VM  go_VV0  through_RP  and_CC  suffer_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  houses_NNS  are_VBR  broken_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  wood_NN  or_CC  nails_NNS  to_TO  mend_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  since_IO  these_DD2  new_JJ  laws_NNS  ,_,  much_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  saving_NN  money_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  gone_VBN  .    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  get_VV0  my_APP$  usual_JJ  Christmas_NP  card_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  clothes_NNS  I_PPIS1  sent_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  acknowledged_VBN  .  
  28_MC  .  
  to_TO  visit_VV0  America_NP  just_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  waking_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  dream_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  oneself_PPX1  suddenly_RR  in_IO  Aladdin's_PPIO2  cave_NN  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  jewels_NNS  edible_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  mostly_RR  undernourished_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  grown_VBN  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  empty_JJ  shops_NNS  and_CC  dreary_JJ  plaster_NN  mock-ups_NNS  of_IO  trifles_NNS  and_CC  iced_JJ  cakes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  here_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  real_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  fruit_NN  piled_VBN  man-high_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  supermarkets_NNS  .  
  ice_NN  creams_NNS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  about_IO  .  
  great_JJ  steaks_NNS  that_PNQS looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  dinner_NN  for_IO  eight_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  a_AT1  portion_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  soda_NN  mint_NN  to_TO  tide_VV0  me_PPIO1  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  toys_NNS  made_VVD  even_RR  greater_JJ  impact_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  n't_XX  seen_VBN  a_AT1  toy_NN  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  at_IO  Saks_NP  Fifth_NP  Avenue_NNL1  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  whole_JJ  window_NN  devoted_VBN  to_IO  Teddy_NP  bears_NNS    pink_JJ  and_CC  blue_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  buff_NN  .  
  Teddy_NP  bears_NNS  with_IO  lovable_JJ  coloured_JJ  velvet_NN  and_CC  chamois_NN  leather_NN  soles_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS    leading_VBG  a_AT1  domestic_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  Teddy-sized_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  scanty_JJ  dollars_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  run_VV0  to_IO  buying_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  looking_VBG  was_VBDZ  free_JJ  .  
  people_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  kind_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  shipwrecked_JJ  mariner_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  rescued_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  luxury_NN  liner_NN  .  
  strangers_NNS  pressed_VVD  boxes_NNS  of_IO  chocolates_NNS  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  lift_NN  man_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  shipping_NN  companies_NNS  ,_,  previously_RR  known_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  large_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  candy_NN  bars_NNS  ,_,  saying_VBG  
    sister_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  sure_RR  look_VV0  peaked_JJ  .    
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Oklahoma_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  cast_NN  ,_,  before_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  watered_VBN  and_CC  slowed_VBN  down_RP  as_CS  someone_PN1  appears_VBZ  to_TO  think_VV0  American_JJ  plays_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  for_IO  English_JJ  audiences_NNS  (_(  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  wrong_JJ  )_)  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  interlude_NN  worth_IO  facing_VBG  the_AT1  rigours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  out_RP  and_CC  back_RP  for_IO    and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  many_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  liberty_NN  ship_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rumour_NN  going_VBG  about_RP  that_CS  they_PPHS2  frequently_RR  came_VVD  apart_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  bad_JJ  the_AT1  tin_NN  biscuits_NNS  were_VBDR  never_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  portholes_NNS  .  
  four_MC  women_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  desperately_RR  seasick_JJ  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  (_(  not_XX  me_PPIO1  )_)  ,_,  were_VBDR  closeted_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  cabin_NN  for_IO  eight_MC  days_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  amount_NN  of_IO  drink_NN  on_IO  board_NN    to_IO  us_PPIO2   amazingly_RR  cheap_JJ    and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  three_MC  stood_VVD  me_PPIO1  cocktails_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  champagne_NN  ,_,  to_TO  encourage_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  recite_VV0  poetry_NN  ,_,  or_CC  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  stories_NNS  .  
  over_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  trip_NN  hangs_VBZ  a_AT1  golden_JJ  alcoholic_JJ  haze_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  back_RP  in_IO    luxury_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  trooper_NN  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  not_XX  enough_DD  chairs_NNS  for_IO  everyone_PN1  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  never_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  cool_VV0  off_RP  .  
  four_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   shared_VVD  a_AT1  cabin_NN  for_IO  sixteen_MC    hence_RR  the_AT1  luxury_NN  .  
  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  place_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  smuggle_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  fifth_MD    a_AT1  dog_NN    but_CCB  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  were_VBDR  against_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  him_PPHO1  we_PPIS2  packed_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  butcher_NN    traditional_JJ  cherisher_NN  of_IO  hounds_NNS  aboard_IO  ship_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wore_VVD  slacks_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  jumper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  by_IO  simply_RR  undoing_VBG  one_MC1  button_NN  when_CS the_AT1  whole_JJ  caboodle_NN  fell_VVD  off_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  usually_RR  half_DB  seas_NNS  over_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  glasses_NNS  of_IO  whisky_NN  standing_VBG  around_RP  at_IO  vantage_NN  points_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  when_CS so_PN1  disposed_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  we_PPIS2  emptied_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  or_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  loo_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  got_VVD  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  nightly_RR  she_PPHO1  staggered_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  undid_VVD  the_AT1  vital_JJ  button_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  smoking_VBG  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  .  
  presently_RR  it_PPH1  fell_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  nerveless_JJ  fingers_NNS  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bunk_NN  beneath_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  piled_VBN  high_RR  with_IO  life_NN  jackets_NNS  marked_VBN  highly_RR  inflammable_JJ  .  
  why_CS more_DA  Atlantic_NP  liners_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  go_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  flames_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  often_RR  wonder_VV0  ,_,  what_DDQ  with_IO  lit_JJ  cigarette_NN  ends_NNS  blowing_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  decks_NNS    lit_JJ  cigarettes_NNS  thrown_VBN  away_RP  to_IO  windward_JB  taking_VBG  a_AT1  short_JJ  cut_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  handy_JJ  portholes_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  our_APP$  wayward_JJ  belle_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  fearful_JJ  odds_NNS  ,_,  safely_RR  ashore_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  discouraged_VBN  because_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  allow_VV0  her_APP$  gentlemen_NNS  friends_NNS  in_RP  to_TO  visit_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  cabin_NN  .  
  England_NP  looked_VVD  drab_JJ  and_CC  shabby_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  autumn_NN  colours_NNS  faded_JJ  and_CC  wishy-washy_JJ  after_IO  the_AT1  Connecticut_NP  fall_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  to_IO  troubles_NNS  galore_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  so_RR  pepped_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  square_JJ  meals_NNS  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  face_VV0  anything_PN1  .  
  my_APP$  Mother-in-law_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  old_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  plenty_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  and_CC  finally_RR  succumbed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  buffetting_NN  of_IO  fate_NN  and_CC  retired_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  for_RR  good_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  sensible_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_PN1  one_PN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  her_PPHO1  save_IO  Redman_NP  the_AT1  gardener_NN  .  
  that_DD1  same_DA  patient_JJ  soul_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  bombarded_VBN  with_IO  Shakespeare_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  asparagus_NN  beds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wielding_VBG  trays_NNS  and_CC  goodness_NN  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  else_RR  until_CS  I_PPIS1  arrived_VVD  .  
  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  eastern_JJ  servants_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  young_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  Mother-in-law_NNSB1  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  accustom_VV0  herself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  I-don't-mind-if-I-do_JB  attitude_NN  of_IO  domestic_JJ  workers_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  in_IO  their_APP$  turn_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  none_PN1  of_IO  her_APP$  autocratic_JJ  ways_NNS  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  alone_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  you_PPY  would_VM  fix_VV0  something_PN1  when_CS you_PPY  got_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  dear_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  touching_JJ  confidence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  complicated_VBN  by_IO  Redman_NP  himself_PPX1  collapsing_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  finally_RR  got_VVD  her_APP$  rooms_NNS  and_CC  attendance_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  country_NN  house_NN  nearby_RR  ,_,  where_CS from_IO  her_APP$  windows_NNS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  scenery_NN  as_CS  from_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  home_NN1  .  
  old_JJ  ladies_NNS  are_VBR  crotchety_JJ  and_CC  hard_JJ  to_TO  please_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  me_PPIO1  busy_JJ  one_MC1  way_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  strange_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1    the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  who_PNQS had_VHD  ever_RR  stood_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  now_RL  .  
  no_AT1  other_DA  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  was_VBDZ  available_JJ  or_CC  mobile_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  within_IO  reach_NN  .  
  or_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  young_JJ  children_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  or_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  married_VBN  a_AT1  wife_NN  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  come_VV0  .  
  old_JJ  age_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  frightening_JJ  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  brought_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  please_VV0  themselves_PPX2  only_RR  .  
  forgetting_VBG  that_CS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  also_RR  a_AT1  time_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  .  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  snow_NN  that_DD1  year_NN  until_IO  March_NN1  .  
  Ron_NP  ,_,  newly_RR  demobbed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  guarding_NN  ,_,  gladly_RR  laying_VBG  his_APP$  rifle_NN  aside_RP  ,_,  built_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  fruit_NN  cage_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  raspberries_NNS  and_CC  gooseberries_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  like_IO  an_AT1  elephant_NN  keddah_&FW  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  X_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  carpenter's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  died_VVD  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  X's_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  rumour_NN  at_RR  first_RR  reported_VVD  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  carpenter_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  deeply_RR  incensed_VBN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  wife_NN  wot_PNQS 's_VHZ  died_VBN  .  
  surely_RR  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  standing_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  yard_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  statuary_NN  which_DDQ  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  he_PPHO1  collected_VVD  .  
  (_(  warriors_NNS  in_IO  strange_JJ  uniforms_NNS  ,_,  angels_NNS  off_IO  tombs_NNS  ,_,  elves_NNS  and_CC  toads_NNS  .  )_)  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ever_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  surprise_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  in_IO  an_AT1  injured_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  resentful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  proper_JJ  warning_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  come_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  her_PPHO1  all_RR  proper_JJ  and_CC  laid_VBN  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  face_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  passed_VVD  the_AT1  invitation_NN  on_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  home_NN1  help_NN  ,_,  in_IO  whose_PNQV$  day_NN  disaster_NN  was_VBDZ  ever_RR  a_AT1  bright_JJ  flag_NN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  common_JJ  knowledge_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  paid_VBN  much_DA  attention_NN  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  X_NP  while_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mobile_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  immensely_RR  proud_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  now_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  arrangement_NN  of_IO  screens_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  flowers_NNS  and_CC  pieces_NNS  of_IO  rich_JJ  embroidery_NN  purchased_VBN  at_IO  sales_NNS  (_(  perhaps_RR  against_IO  this_DD1  very_DA  day_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  ,_,  said_VVD  my_APP$  home_NN1  help_NN  ,_,  tearfully_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  real_JJ  treat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  funeral_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  week_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  part_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  wallowing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  shedding_VBG  a_AT1  further_JB  tear_NN  .  
    maybe_RR  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  stuff_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  introduce_VV0  a_AT1  lighter_JJ  note_NN  .  
  this_DD1  conjured_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  life-like_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  X_NP  neatly_RR  stuffed_VBN  (_(  for_CS  everything_PN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  X_NP  does_VBZ  is_VBZ  meticulous_JJ  )_)  ,_,  wearing_VBG  her_APP$  dolman_NN  and_CC  toque_NN  ,_,  propped_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  yard_NN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statuary_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  June_NP  in_IO  America_NP  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  me_PPIO1  stuffed_VBN  ,_,  pettie_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  die_VV0  .  
  unless_CS  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  standing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  holding_VBG  a_AT1  tray_NN  for_IO  cards_NNS    like_IO  bears_NNS  in_IO  Scots_JJ  baronial_JJ  homes_NN2  .  
  did_VDD  his_APP$  audience_NN  know_VV0  anything_PN1  of_IO  land_NN  hunger_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  ached_VVD  for_IO  allotments_NNS  and_CC  smallholdings_NNS  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  land_NN  monopoly_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  village_NN  .  
  a_AT1  Tysoe_NP  man_NN  would_VM  never_RR  take_VV0  a_AT1  job_NN  that_PNQS meant_VVD  living_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  closed_JJ  village_NN  .  
  no_UH  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  Birmingham_NP  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  or_CC  cross_VV0  the_AT1  ocean_NN  .  
  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  how_CS wealth_NN  from_IO  over-large_JJ  estates_NNS  gets_VBZ  misused_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  heard_VBN  of_IO  great_JJ  estates_NNS  being_VBG  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  by_IO  removing_VBG  villages_NNS  (_(  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  example_NN  not_XX  so_RG  far_RR  away_RP  )_)  :_:  of_IO  Compton_NP  House_NNL1  being_VBG  emptied_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  pulled_VBN  down_RP  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  bribes_NNS  and_CC  oceans_NNS  of_IO  beer_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  election_NN  .  
  did_VDD  not_XX  the_AT1  old_JJ  folk_NNS  know_VV0  of_IO  starvation_NN  and_CC  crime_NN  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  due_JJ  to_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  corn_NN  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  chapter_NN  of_IO  Irish_JJ  realities_NNS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  read_VV0  the_AT1  proof_NN  that_CS  deaths_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  potato_NN  famine_NN  in_IO  Ireland_NP  were_VBDR  not_XX  due_JJ  to_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  food_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  food_NN  was_VBDZ  there_RL    the_AT1  deaths_NNS  were_VBDR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  impassable_JJ  gulfs_NNS  between_IO  classes_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  a_AT1    governing_JJ  class_NN    which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  govern_VV0  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  ;_;  and_CC  yet_RR  would_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  the_AT1  people_NNS  learn_VV0  to_TO  manage_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  affairs_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Ireland_NP  the_AT1  gulfs_NNS  were_VBDR  deeper_JJ  than_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  here_RL    conqueror_NN  ruling_VBG  conquered_JJ  still_RR  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  home_NN1  rule_NN  bill_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  Irish_NP2  improve_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  ,_,  take_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  problems_NNS  in_IO  hand_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  safeguards_NNS  and_CC  compensation_NN  .  
  those_DD2  were_VBDR  right_JJ  enough_RGA  :_:  over-sudden_JJ  and_CC  over-drastic_JJ  changes_NNS  meant_VVD  trouble_NN  and_CC  loss_NN  always_RR  .  
  Joseph_NP  held_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  book_NN  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  printed_VBN  seventeen_MC  years_NNS  before_II  ,_,  yet_CF  conditions_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  why_CS .  
  what_DDQ  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  Tysoe's_PPIO2  small_JJ  desires_NNS  for_IO  betterment_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  whittled_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  allotments_NNS  bills_NNS  .  
  who_PNQS  threw_VVD  out_RP  bills_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  farmers_NNS  security_NN  of_IO  tenure_NN  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  bills_NNS  ever_RR  drawn_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  allow_VV0  a_AT1  village_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  real_JJ  village_NN  school_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  prevented_VVD  villages_NNS  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  from_IO  gaining_VBG  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  from_IO  decisions_NNS  of_IO  feoffees_NNS  of_IO  town_NN  lands_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN  .  
  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  !_!  
  and_CC  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  would_VM  throw_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  home_NN1  rule_NN  bill_NN  .  
  let_VV0  Tysoe_NP  men_NNS  never_RR  forget_VV0  it_PPH1  :_:  what_DDQ  worked_VVD  for_IO  well-being_NN  in_IO  Tysoe_NP  would_VM  work_VV0  in_IO  other_DA  communities_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  went_VVD  seriously_RR  wrong_RR  here_RL  would_VM  go_VV0  wrong_RR  there_RL  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  turn_VV0  the_AT1  home_NN1  rule_NN  bill_NN  into_IO  an_AT1  act_NN  :_:  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  all_DB  village_NN  wiseacres_NNS  to_TO  vote_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  chapter_NN  10_MC  .  
  land_NN  hunger_NN  :_:  
  the_AT1  promised_JJ  land_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  subject_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  plain_JJ  a_AT1  tale_NN  ,_,  too_RG  little_RR  lightened_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  humour_NN  or_CC  success_NN  ever_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  circle_NN  .  
  but_CCB  though_CS  I_PPIS1  never_RR  heard_VVD  the_AT1  story_NN  in_RR  full_RR  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  its_APP$  outline_NN  ;_;  its_APP$  events_NNS  affected_VVD  the_AT1  childish_JJ  lives_NNS  of_IO  myself_PPX1  and_CC  my_APP$  brothers_NNS  and_CC  sisters_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  helped_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  to_TO  form_VV0  our_APP$  economic_JJ  background_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  must_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  outlook_NN    not_XX  too_RG  large_JJ  an_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  mind_NN  so_RG  naturally_RR  large_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  sharpened_VBN  its_APP$  political_JJ  edge_NN  .  
  locally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  events_NNS  had_VHD  their_APP$  publicity_NN  .  
  by_IO  1896_MC  my_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  occasional_JJ  notes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Warwick_NP  advertiser_NN  and_CC  counted_VVD  its_APP$  editor_NN  among_IO  his_APP$  very_RG  friendly_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lloyd_NP  Evans_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  radical_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  warm-hearted_JJ  spectator_NN  of_IO  village_NN  struggles_NNS  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  came_VVD  about_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  infer_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  Tysoe_NP  affairs_NNS  were_VBDR  well_RR  ventilated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  paper_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  just_RR  passed_VBN  ,_,  of_IO  1885_MC  ,_,  Gladstone_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  returned_VBN  to_IO  power_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  everybody_PN1  foresaw_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  home_NN1  rule_NN  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  thrown_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  consequence_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  election_NN  in_IO  1886_MC  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  conservative_JJ  majority_NN  was_VBDZ  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP    but_CCB  the_AT1  Tysoe_NP  labourers_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  knowing_VBG  that_CS  their_APP$  spirited_JJ  member_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  radical_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cobb_NP  ,_,  still_RR  represented_VVD  the_AT1  Rugby_NP  division_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  programme_NN  had_VHD  included_VBN  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  allotments_NNS  act_NN  and_CC  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  government_NN  hastened_VVD  to_TO  promise_VV0  an_AT1  act_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  title_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  nature_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  permit_VV0  and_CC  even_RR  encourage_VV0  ten-pole_JB  allotments_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  already_RR  permitted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  do_VD0  Tysoe_NP  no_AT1  good_NN  .  
  two_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  Joseph_NP  had_VHD  thought_VBN  the_AT1  labourers'_NN2  allotment_NN  committee_NN  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  wait_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  legislation_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  enjoin_VV0  upon_IO  local_JJ  charities_NNS  and_CC  perhaps_RR  upon_IO  vestries_NNS  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  providing_VBG  allotments_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  demanded_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  also_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  weekly_JJ  wage-earners_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  ones_CD1S  .  
  thatchers_NNS  ,_,  hauliers_NNS  ,_,  carpenters_NNS  were_VBDR  all_DB  trying_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  failing_VBG  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  an_AT1  acre_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  sometimes_RR  to_TO  grow_VV0  wheat_NN  and_CC  animal_JJ  feed_NN  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  to_TO  pasture_VV0  a_AT1  horse_NN  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  cow_NN  and_CC  pigs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  times_NNS  were_VBDR  discouraging_JJ  and_CC  yet_RR  at_IO  Southam_NP  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  many_DA  miles_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  an_AT1  allotments_NNS  association_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  successful_JJ  in_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  acreage_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  larger_JJ  and_CC  luckier_JJ  village_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  folk_NNS  more_RG  varied_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  doctor_NN  had_VHD  grasped_VBN  that_CS  starvation_NN  made_VVD  for_IO  ill-health_NN  and_CC  allotments_NNS  for_IO  good_JJ  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  given_VBN  help_NN  and_CC  support_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  handicaps_NNS  ,_,  Tysoe_NP  men_NNS  must_VM  try_VV0  again_RR  .  
  so_RR  at_IO  Christmas_NP  1886_MC  a_AT1  new_JJ  start_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  .  
  eighty-six_MC  signatures_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  small_JJ  parcels_NNS  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  public_JJ  meeting_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  ,_,  fifty_MC  men_NNS  present_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Tysoe_NP  allotments_NNS  and_CC  smallholdings_NNS  association_NN  was_VBDZ  formed_VBN  and_CC  soon_RR  had_VHD  seventy-five_MC  members_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  representing_VBG  a_AT1  high_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  some_DD  were_VBDR  young_JJ  men_NNS  living_VBG  with_IO  their_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  may_VM  suppose_VV0  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  part_NN  in_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  possibly_RR  indispensable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  constant_JJ  calls_NNS  of_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  interrupting_VBG  the_AT1  kneading_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  bread_NN  or_CC  causing_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  drop_VV0  the_AT1  scissors_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  crucial_JJ  point_NN  in_IO  cutting_VBG  out_RP  her_APP$  children's_NN2  clothes_NNS  that_PNQS made_VVD  my_APP$  patient_JJ  mother_NN  agree_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  needed_VVD  more_DA  space_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Joseph_NP  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  only_DA  effective_JJ  member_NN  :_:  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  tradesmen_NNS  brought_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  greater_JJ  vigour_NN  and_CC  resilience_NN  and_CC  more_DA    know-how_NN    .  
  then_RL  also_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  lower_JJ  townsmen_NNS  joined_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  tough_JJ  fractious_JJ  spirit_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sometimes_RR  a_AT1  roughish_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  liking_VBG  to_TO  stand_VV0  apart_RP  a_RR  little_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  towns_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  frustration_NN  all_RR  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  brought_VVD  power_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  effort_NN  .  
  Joseph_NP  became_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  the_AT1  office_NN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS    until_CS  all_DB  its_APP$  main_JB  objects_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  attained_VBN  and_CC  its_APP$  affairs_NNS  reduced_VBN  to_IO  routine_NN  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  urged_VVD  his_APP$  committee_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  influential_JJ  support_NN  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  shame_VV0  obstructors_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  shamed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  wages_NNS  ,_,  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  get_VV0  the_AT1  local_JJ  papers_NNS  to_TO  regard_VV0  their_APP$  claim_NN  as_IO  news_NN  ,_,  get_VV0  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  president_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  urged_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  please_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  labourers'_NN2  association_NN  their_APP$  President_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  adopted_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Daniel_NP  Fessey_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  notable_JJ  Tysonian_NN1    the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  heard_VVD  of_IO  who_PNQS made_VVD  a_AT1  fortune_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  poor_JJ  unfortunate_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  members_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  charged_VBN  with_IO  manslaughter_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  crude_JJ  boxing_NN  match_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  him_PPHO1  well_RR  ;_;  he_PPHO1  decorated_VVD  our_APP$  early_JJ  childhood_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  inventor_NN  of_IO  curious_JJ  gadgets_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  a_AT1  new_JJ  stirrup_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  adopted_VBN  by_IO  cavalry_NN  regiments_NNS  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  small_JJ  fortune_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  undergoing_VBG  a_AT1  change_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  dapper_JJ  and_CC  mannered_JJ  exquisite_NN  ,_,  reminding_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  Shakespeare's_PPIO2  Frenchmen_NP2  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  clothes_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  ;_;  his_APP$  speech_NN  fantastically_RR  precise_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  manner_NN  to_IO  man_NN  ,_,  woman_NN  and_CC  child_NN  elaborate_JJ    but_CCB  as_RG  full_JJ  of_IO  friendliness_NN  as_CS  of_IO  formality_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  those_DD2  disreputable_JJ  ancestors_NNS  so_CS  he_PPHO1  sympathised_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  and_CC  stood_VVD  by_IO  their_APP$  small_JJ  movements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  committee_NN  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  best_JJT  to_TO  await_VV0  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  allotments_NNS  bill_NN  before_IO  moving_VBG  far_RR  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  drew_VVD  up_RP  regulations_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  non-existent_JJ  holdings_NNS  ,_,  visited_VVD  the_AT1  Southam_NP  association_NN  and_CC  corresponded_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  agent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Compton_NP  estate_NN  ,_,  stating_VBG  their_APP$  needs_NNS  and_CC  asking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  refusal_NN  of_IO  land_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  bill_NN  became_VVD  law_NN  Tysoe's_PPIO2  would-be_JB  cultivators_NNS  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  sardonic_JJ  attention_NN  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ,_,  if_CS  no_AT1  land_NN  were_VBDR  available_JJ  after_IO  elaborate_JJ  inquiries_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  processes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  sanitary_JJ  authority_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  power_NN  to_TO  propose_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  to_TO  compel_VV0  some_DD  owner_NN  or_CC  owners_NNS  to_TO  sell_VV0  land_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  strange_JJ  body_NN  to_TO  choose_VV0  !_!  
  it_PPH1  neither_LE  could_VM  nor_CC  would_VM  use_VV0  such_DA  powers_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  Tysoe_NP  association_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  right_JJ  :_:  in_IO  all_DB  England_NP  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  acts_NNS  was_VBDZ  ever_RR  proposed_VBN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  jubilee_NN  .  
  why_CS should_VM  men_NNS  grudged_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  government_NN  a_AT1  scrap_NN  of_IO  land_NN  to_TO  dig_VV0  celebrate_VV0  the_AT1  long_JJ  reign_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  head_NN  .  
  Majuba_NP  and_CC  Khartoum_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  imperialism_NN  were_VBDR  sharpening_VBG  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  .  
  many_DA  sensing_VBG  future_JB  trouble_NN  looked_VVD  back_RP  thankfully_RR  over_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  comparative_JJ  peace_NN  .  
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  woman_NN  !_!    the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  could_VM  be_VB0  acclaimed_VBN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  village_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  one_MC1  in_IO  a_AT1  mild_JJ  rejoicing_NN  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  the_AT1  village_NN  made_VVD  ready_JJ    a_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  to_TO  plan_VV0  celebrations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  managers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  hung_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  huge_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  with_IO  her_APP$  grey_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  solemn_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  wide_JJ  blue_JJ  Garter_NP  ribbon_NN  ;_;  and_CC  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  smaller_JJ  pictures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  neatly_RR  bearded_JJ  Prince_NNSB1  of_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Princess_NNSB1  Alexandra_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  tight_JJ  yellow_JJ  curls_NNS  along_IO  her_APP$  brow_NN  ;_;  another_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  hung_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  room_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  full-length_JB  portrait_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  profile_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  of_IO  stout_JJ  ,_,  gathered_JJ  skirts_NNS  sloping_VBG  far_RR  back_RP  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  another_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  peacock_NN  ,_,  flanked_VBN  by_IO  Disraeli_NP  and_CC  Gladstone_NP  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  day_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  of_IO  June_NN1  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  oak_NN  tree_NN  was_VBDZ  planted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Vicar's_NNSB2  wife_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  that_DD1  rare_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  woman_NN  of_IO  intellectual_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  speech_NN  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  hope_NN  for_IO  village_NN  unity_NN  .  
  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  thirty_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  had_VHD  died_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  venerable_JJ  Vicar_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  after_IO  forty-nine_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  service_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN    said_VVD  an_AT1  entry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  register_NN  for_IO  1654_MC      to_TO  enter_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  eternal_JJ  jubilee_NN    .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  England_NP  had_VHD  known_VBN  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  doctrinal_JJ  quarrels_NNS  and_CC  civil_JJ  war_NN  ;_;  clergymen_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  turned_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  cures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  churches_NNS  irreverently_RR  used_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  in_IO  other_DA  parishes_NNS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  bitter_JJ  discord_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Stevenage_NP  and_CC  another_DD1  Stevenage_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  nephew_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  quietly_RR  continued_VBN  their_APP$  duties_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  peaceful_JJ  way_NN  .  
  let_VV0  all_DB  take_VV0  example_NN  by_IO  John_NP  Stevenage_NP  .  
  let_VV0  all_DB  pray_VV0  for_IO  peace_NN    peace_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  and_CC  within_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  ,_,  peace_NN  in_IO  Tysoe_NP  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  young_JJ  and_CC  old_JJ  ,_,  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  planted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  ,_,  witnessing_VBG  to_IO  other_DA  occasions_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  village_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1    the_AT1  William_NP  and_CC  Mary_NP  elm_NN  ,_,  celebrating_VBG  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  man_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  of_IO  Orange_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  tree_NN  of_IO  constitutional_JJ  liberty_NN  (_(  the_AT1    franchise_NN  tree_NN    )_)  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  this_DD1  sapling_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tree_NN  of_IO  loyalty_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ;_;  all_DB  Tysonians_NP2  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  village_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  one_MC1  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS opposed_VVD  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  were_VBDR  mischief-makers_NNS  ,_,  disturbers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  missus_NN  brought_VVD  from_IO  inferior_JJ  parishes_NNS  notions_NNS  that_PNQS no_AT1  self-respecting_JJ  folk_NNS  could_VM  put_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  .  
  the_AT1  different_JJ  patterns_NNS  of_IO  community_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  minds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  needs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  passions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fantasies_NNS    these_DD2  though_CS  doubtless_RR  understood_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  were_VBDR  never_RR  made_VBN  plain_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  discussions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  jubilee_NN  interval_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  in_IO  October_NN1  the_AT1  Vicar_NNSB1  invited_VVD  the_AT1  holders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ten-pole_JB  allotments_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  tea-party_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  a_AT1  speech_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  their_APP$  duties_NNS  .  
  allotments_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  rightly_RR  cultivated_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  under_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  leisure_NN  to_TO  till_VV0  them_PPHO1  ;_;  they_PPHS2  must_VM  apply_VV0  manure_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  produce_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  consumed_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  (_(  which_DDQ  meant_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  free_JJ  to_TO  sell_VV0  it_PPH1  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  sixteenth_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  acre_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  right_JJ  extent_NN  .  
  possibly_RR  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  garden_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  two_MC  sixteenths_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Captain_NNSB1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  forbade_VVD  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  honestly_RR  do_VD0  think_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  captain_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  \0H.M_NP  ships_NNS  seldom_RR  finds_VBZ  himself_PPX1  criticized_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  document_NN  requiring_VBG  his_APP$  signature_NN  .  
  Brock_NP  ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  ignored_VVD  the_AT1  impertinence_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  a_AT1  cutting_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  naval_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  record_NN  of_IO  December_NN1  14th_MD  pasted_VBN  into_IO  my_APP$  diary_NN  which_DDQ  reads_VBZ  :_:  
    sir_NN    in_IO  your_APP$  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  30th_MD  \0ult_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  letter_NN  signed_VBN    naval_JJ  officer_NN    complaining_VBG  that_CS  our_APP$  main_JB  fleets_NNS  spend_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  at_IO  sea_NN  and_CC  that_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  account_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  grave_JJ  discontent_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  personnel_NNS  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  officer_NN  of_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  years'_NN2  standing_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  discovered_VBN  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  terrible_JJ  grievances_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  perfectly_RR  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  my_APP$  lot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  find_VV0  my_APP$  ship_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  stuffy_JJ  ,_,  nor_CC  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  mind_VV0  putting_VBG  to_IO  sea_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  these_DD2  views_NNS  are_VBR  shared_VBN  by_IO  everyone_PN1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  to_IO  .  
  does_VBZ    naval_JJ  officer_NN    want_VV0  our_APP$  fleets_NNS  to_TO  lie_VV0  alongside_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ports_NNS  ,_,  Gibraltar_NP  or_CC  Malta_NP  ,_,  for_IO  nine_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  every_AT1  naval_JJ  officer_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  battle_NN  exercises_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  manning_VBG  and_CC  arming_VBG  ship_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  sea_NN  trips_NNS  between_IO  nice_JJ  places_NNS  .  
  if_CS    naval_JJ  officer_NN    chooses_VBZ  to_TO  present_VV0  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  hearing_NN  also_RR  .  
  \0N_NP  \0O_NP  .    
  of_RR  course_RR  no_PN1  one_PN  penetrated_VVD  my_APP$  anonymous_JJ  signature_NN  .  
  Brock_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  puzzled_JJ  at_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  letter_NN  coming_VBG  from_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  now_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  action_NN  against_IO  their_APP$  lordships_NNS  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yearly_JJ  examination_NN  in_IO  French_NN1  of_IO  junior_JJ  officers_NNS  afloat_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  diary_NN  simply_RR  records_VBZ  :_:  
    French_NN1  exam_NN  .  
  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  well_RR  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  asked_VVD  what_DDQ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  pronouns_NNS  which_DDQ  correspond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  adjectives_NNS    ce_&FW  ,_,  cette_&FW  ,_,  ces_&FW  ,_,  son_&FW  ,_,  nos_&FW  ,_,  leurs_&FW  .    
  got_VVD  furious_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  and_CC  wrote_VVD  down_RP  
    ce_&FW  ,_,  ces_&FW  and_CC  cette_&FW  are_VBR  not_XX  adjectives_NNS  ;_;  son_&FW  ,_,  nos_&FW  and_CC  leurs_&FW  are_VBR  pronouns_NNS  .    
  so_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  expect_VV0  much_DA  kudos_NNS  .    
  their_APP$  lordships'_NN2  reply_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  *+5_NNU  silver_NN  stop_NN  watch_NN  by_IO  \0S_NP  Smith_NP  &_CC  Son_NNSB1  ,_,  9_MC  the_AT1  Strand_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  inscribed_VBN  :_:    Admiralty_NP  prize_NN  junior_JJ  officers_NNS  afloat_JJ  ,_,  1905_MC  ,_,  French_NN1  ,_,  \0Midn_NNSB1  \0O_NP  \0M_NP  Frewen_NP  ,_,  \0R.N_NP    ,_,  an_AT1  unusually_RR  gracious_JJ  admission_NN  of_IO  defeat_NN  probably_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  printer's_NN1$  error_NN  .  
  the_AT1  watch_NN  ,_,  admittedly_RR  not_XX  worn_VBN  continuously_RR  ,_,  fell_VVD  into_IO  disrepair_NN  just_RR  fifty-two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  natural_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  address_NN  printed_VBN  on_IO  its_APP$  face_NN  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  makers_NNS  to_TO  overhaul_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  by_IO  1957_MC  London_NP  traffic_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  nightmare_NN  to_IO  rural_JJ  drivers_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  my_APP$  wife_NN  parked_VVD  our_APP$  little_JJ  Morris_NP  car_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  taxicab_NN  sanctuary_NN  of_IO  Charing_NP  Cross_NP    just_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN    while_CS  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  west_NN1  to_IO  \0no_NN  9_MC    and_CC  found_VVD  it_PPH1  not_XX  ,_,  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  side_NN  anyway_RR  ,_,  where_CS stand_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  low_JJ  odd_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  after_IO  much_DA  research_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  an_AT1  indignation_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  \0Midn_NNSB1  Frewen_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  French_NN1  exam_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  demanded_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  shop-owner_NN  opposite_IO  where_CS were_VBDR  \0S_NP  Smith_NP  &_CC  Son_NNSB1  .  
    never_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Strand_NNL1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  here_RL  's_VBZ  their_APP$  address_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  watch_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  retorted_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  only_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  here_RL  twenty-five_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  here_RL  in_IO  my_APP$  time_NN    closed_VVD  the_AT1  discussion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  enquiry_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  kindly_RR  produced_VVD  a_AT1  London_NP  telephone_NN  directory_NN  which_DDQ  directed_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  179_MC  Great_NP  Portland_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  ,_,  with_IO  more_DA  and_CC  worse_JJ  traffic_NN  jams_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO    no_AT1  entry_NN    streets_NNS  negatively_RR  barring_VBG  our_APP$  car's_NN1$  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  promised_JJ  land_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  eventually_RR  walked_VVD  there_RL  and_CC  my_APP$  watch_NN      her_APP$  speed_NN  she_PPHO1  reneweth_VBZ  again_RR    .  
  the_AT1  taxi_NN  drivers_NNS  at_IO  Charing_NP  Cross_NP  had_VHD  also_RR  shown_VBN  the_AT1  courtesy_NN  one_MC1  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  loved_VBN  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  sea_NN  ,_,  to_TO  cruise_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  diary_NN  entry_NN  in_IO  December_NN1  1905_MC  reads_VBZ  :_:  
    have_VH0  now_RL  done_VBN  90_MC  days_NNS    in_IO  Malta_NP  .    
  ninety_MC  days'_NN2  detention_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stereotyped_JJ  punishment_NN  for_IO  major_JJ  offences_NNS  by_IO  lower_JJ  deck_NN  ratings_NNS  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  another_DD1  six_MC  weeks_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  before_IO  again_RR  sailing_VBG  the_AT1  seas_NNS  .  
  8_MC  .  
  feminine_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  senior_JJ  officers_NNS  .  
  Christmas_NP  day_NN  ,_,  1905_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  first_MD  one_MC1  in_IO  a_AT1  ship_NN  ,_,  1903_MC  and_CC  1904_MC  having_VHG  been_VBN  spent_VBN  on_IO  leave_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  my_APP$  diary_NN  entry_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  typical_JJ  account_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  reads_VBZ  :_:  
    turned_VVD  out_RP  7.30_MC  .  
  after_IO  breakfast_NN  read_VVD  last_DA  days_NNS  of_IO  Pompeii_NP  till_IO  divisions_NNS  .  
  Skipper_NNSB1  had_VHD  everybody_PN1  aft_RR  and_CC  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  short_JJ  speech_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  \0C.-in-C_NNSB1  would_VM  have_VH0  gone_VBN  rounds_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  ship_NN  not_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  dockyard_NN  hands_NNS  .  
  then_RL  church_NN  .  
  after_IO  church_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  meant_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  holy_JJ  communion_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  being_VBG  ordered_VBN  up_RP  there_RL  by_IO  the_AT1  Commander_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  very_RG  angry_JJ  and_CC  refused_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  then_RL  went_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  mess_NN  decks_NNS  ,_,  taking_VBG  various_JJ  savoury_JJ  meats_NNS  from_IO  various_JJ  nicely_RR  decorated_JJ  messes_NNS  ,_,  notably_RR  the_AT1  chief_JB  stokers'_NN2  .  
  the_AT1  Skipper_NNSB1  and_CC  warrant_NN  officers_NNS  then_RL  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  gunroom_NN  .  
  after_IO  lunch_NN  got_VVD  into_IO  de_&FW  Burgh's_PPIO2  knickers_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  blue_JJ  jacket_NN  ,_,  brother_NN  Hugh's_PPIO2  stockings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  brown_JJ  boots_NNS  .  
  went_VVD  ashore_RR  with_IO  Ritchie_NP  and_CC  de_&FW  Burgh_NP  ;_;  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  and_CC  found_VVD  Gibbs_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS promptly_RR  offered_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  loan_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  riding-boots_NNS  .  
  wore_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Calcara_NP  Steps_NPLS  and_CC  mounted_VVD  .  
  my_APP$  \0G_NP  a_AT1  most_RG  spirited_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  galloping_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  way_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Paul's_PPIO2  Bay_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  tea_NN  ,_,  twenty-four_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ;_;  the_AT1  \0C.-in-C_NNSB1  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  nine_MC  officers_NNS  and_CC  thirteen_MC  snotties_NNS  .  
  (_(  Hervey_NP  left_VVD  his_APP$  \0G_NP  behind_RP  and_CC  turned_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  carrotze_NN  .  )_)  
  started_VVD  back_RP  about_IO  4.30_MC  .  
  had_VHD  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  gallops_NNS  and_CC  got_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Porta_NP  Reale_NP  about_IO  5.30_MC  .  
  went_VVD  to_IO  Admiralty_NP  House_NNL1  to_TO  return_VV0  my_APP$  boots_NNS  and_CC  Gibbs_NP  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  eat_VV0  unheard-of_JJ  chunks_NNS  of_IO  ripping_JJ  cake_NN  .  
  then_RL  came_VVD  on_IO  board_NN  .  
  had_VHD  no_AT1  dinner_NN  .  
  could_VM  n't_XX  after_IO  Gibbs'_PPIO2  cake_NN  .  
  feeling_VBG  rather_RR  sore_JJ  but_CCB  very_RG  bucked_JJ  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  afternoon's_NN1$  work_NN  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  exactly_RR  with_IO  things_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  .  
  dominant_JJ  fed-upness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  fool_JB  Commander_NNSB1  stopping_VBG  me_PPIO1  going_VBG  to_IO  second_MD  service_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  that_CS  any_DD  self-respecting_JJ  Englishman_NN1  would_VM  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  go_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  place_NN  refuse_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  ordered_VBN  about_RP  on_IO  such_DA  subjects_NNS  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  right_RR  too_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  all_DB  hands_NNS  stood_VVD  off_RP  after_IO  divisions_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  so_RG  indignant_JJ  over_IO  being_VBG  ordered_VBN  to_IO  holy_JJ  communion_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  actually_RR  entered_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  my_APP$  official_JJ  journal_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  naval_JJ  instructor's_NN1$  and_CC  Captain's_NNSB2  signatures_NNS  .  
  holy_JJ  Joe_NP  sent_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  said_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  erase_VV0  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  draw_VV0  the_AT1  Captain's_NNSB2  attention_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  so_CS  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .  
  whether_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  Chaplain_NNSB1  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  the_AT1  incident_NN  reflected_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  Commander_NNSB1  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  as_IO  my_APP$  naval_JJ  instructor_NN  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  reflected_VVD  on_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  disobedience_NN  of_IO  orders_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  never_RR  knew_VVD  .  
  my_APP$  journal_NN  also_RR  says_VBZ  of_IO  my_APP$  ride_NN  ,_,  
    no_AT1  casualties_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  thrown_VBN  onto_IO  a_AT1  donkey-cart_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  repeatedly_RR  not_XX  under_IO  control_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hervey_NP  came_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  carrotze_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  unable_JJ  to_TO  persuade_VV0  his_APP$  pony_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  .    
  (_(  tactfully_RR  put_VBN  .  )_)  
    a_AT1  very_RG  enjoyable_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  very_RG  stiff_JJ  for_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  days_NNS  after_II  .    
  my_APP$  journal_NN  for_IO  December_NN1  31st_MD  states_VBZ  aggressively_RR  :_:  
    nothing_PN1  of_IO  note_NN  happened_VVD  until_IO  11.55_MC  \0p.m_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  out_RP  rather_RR  forcibly_RR  and_CC  after_IO  witnessing_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bennett_NP  strike_VV0    16_MC  bells_NNS    ,_,  drank_VVD  punch_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wardroom_NN  .  
  owing_IO  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  Captain's_NNSB2  not_XX  caring_VBG  for_IO  noise_NN  and_CC  singing_NN  we_PPIS2  turned_VVD  in_RP  again_RR  about_IO  12.30_MC  .  
  thus_RR  ended_VVD  the_AT1  year_NN  1905_MC  .    
  to_TO  be_VB0  fair_JJ  to_IO  poor_JJ  Osmond_NP  de_&FW  \0B_NP  Brock_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS did_VDD  n't_XX  attend_VV0  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  ceremony_NN  of_IO  striking_VBG  16_MC  bells_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  diary_NN  records_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2    went_VVD  and_CC  struck_VVD  about_RR  32_MC  bells_NNS    ,_,  \0i.e_RR  no_AT1  ceremony_NN  but_CCB  just_RR  a_AT1  cacophony_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ship's_NN1$  bell_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  wardroom_NN  the_AT1  demure_JJ  noise_NN  and_CC  singing_NN  is_VBZ  described_VBN    sang_NC2  auld_NC2  lang_NC2  syne_NC2    .  
  then_RL  Chichester_NP  as_IO  junior_JJ  snottie_NN  attempted_VVD    Clementine_NP    and_CC  I_PPIS1  helped_VVD  him_PPHO1  through_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    however_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  verse_NN  the_AT1  Skipper_NNSB1  got_VVD  agribulgent_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  we_PPIS2  desisted_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  and_CC  kicked_VVD  up_RP  hell_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sleepers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  flat_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  slept_VVD  and_CC  lay_VVD  in_RP  till_IO  7.30_MC  .  
  then_RL  worried_VVD  Hardy_NP  by_IO  singing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Captain_NNSB1  responded_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  aggression_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  journal_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  inspected_VVD  and_CC  initialled_VVD  on_IO  Tuesday_NN1  ,_,  by_IO  sending_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  on_IO  Thursday_NN1  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  sketch_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  put_VBN  in_RP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  good_JJ  enough_RGA    for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  journal_NN  as_IO  mine_NN  and_CC  would_VM  I_PPIS1  improve_VV0  it_PPH1  before_IO  going_VBG  ashore_RR    .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  stopped_VVD  my_APP$  leave_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  submitted_VVD  my_APP$  improvements_NNS  the_AT1  following_JJ  Tuesday_NN1    and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  devil_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  satisfied_JJ  yet_RR  !_!  but_CCB  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  have_VH0  my_APP$  leave_NN  back_RP    .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  in_IO  trouble_NN  now_RL  with_IO  Gathorne-Hardy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ordered_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  report_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,  dressed_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  him_PPHO1  every_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  for_IO  not_XX  being_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  chest-flat_NN  by_IO  7.45_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  out_RP  next_DA  morning_NN  at_IO  5.30_MC  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  daily_JJ    hands_NNS  fall_VV0  in_RP    ,_,  dressed_VVD  and_CC  woke_VVD  the_AT1  distinguished_JJ  senior_JJ  lieutenant_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  my_APP$  report_NN  by_IO  6.15_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  well_RR  received_VBN  .  
  news_NN  now_RL  came_VVD  through_RP  that_CS  Mamma_NNSB1  and_CC  sister_NN  Clare_NP  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  arrive_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  .  
  I_PPIS1  searched_VVD  Valletta_NP  for_IO  rooms_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  ,_,  finally_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  secure_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  Royal_NNSB1  Hotel_NNL1  in_IO  Strada_NP  Mercanti_NP  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  best_JJT  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  best_JJT  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  .  
  but_CCB  Sir_NNSB1  George_NP  Warrender_NP  ,_,  \0Bart_NNSB1  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  of_IO  \0H.M.S_NP  Carnarvon_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  lookout_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  them_PPHO1  grander_JJ  ones_CD1S  at_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Nelson_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Floriana_NP  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  their_APP$  arrival_NN  the_AT1  scallywag_NN  snottie_NN  was_VBDZ  thrown_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  few_DA  days_NNS  at_IO  sea_NN  and_CC  became_VVD  the_AT1  popular_JJ  midshipman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bulwark_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  received_VBN  by_IO  admirals_NNS  ,_,  captains_NNS  (_(  except_IO  him_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  bulwark_NN  )_)  ,_,  wardroom_NN  officers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  rifle_NN  brigade_NN  ,_,  then_RL  stationed_VBN  at_IO  Pieta_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  major_NN  ,_,  Tom_NP  Hollond_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Connaught's_PPIO2  \0A.D.C_NNSB1  at_IO  Clare's_PPIO2  coming-out_NN  season_NN  in_IO  Dublin_NP  in_IO  1903_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  Commander-in-Chief_NNSB1  .  
  my_APP$  diary_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  records_VBZ  :_:  
    turned_VVD  out_RP  7.30_MC  and_CC  dressed_VVD  in_IO  plain_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
  during_IO  breakfast_NN  got_VVD  a_AT1  signal_NN  from_IO  \0C.-in-C_NNSB1  (_(  cruising_VBG  in_IO  \0H.M.S_NP  Surprise_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0C.-in-C.'s_NNSB2  yacht_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  gracious_JJ  days_NNS  )_)  asking_VBG  when_CS my_APP$  people_NNS  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  .  
  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  ashore_RR  .  
  at_IO  9.20_MC  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  Chanzy_NP  arrived_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  chartering_VBG  a_AT1  nice_JJ  dghaisa_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  them_PPHO1  up_IO  harbour_NN  .  
  Bennett_NP  turned_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  signal_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Admiral_NNSB1  saying_VBG  his_APP$  barge_NN  and_CC  carriage_NN  were_VBDR  at_IO  Ma's_NNSB2  disposal_NN  .  
  found_VVD  the_AT1  carriage_NN  awaiting_VBG  us_PPIO2   at_IO  the_AT1  custom_NN  House_NNL1  and_CC  drove_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Nelson_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  second_MD  breakfast_NN  .  
  then_RL  Lula_NP  (_(  Tom_NP  Hollond's_PPIO2  most_RG  charming_JJ  wife_NN  )_)  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  George_NP  looked_VVD  in_RP  on_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  at_IO  4.30_MC  we_PPIS2  three_MC  went_VVD  to_IO  Lula's_PPIO2  and_CC  wandered_VBN  round_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  till_CS  Acheson_NP  turned_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  when_CS Clare_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  wandered_VVD  round_RP  together_RR  and_CC  Ma_NNSB1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  after_IO  tea_NN  Ma_NNSB1  and_CC  Clare_NP  returned_VVD  to_IO  their_APP$  hotel_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  to_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  .  
  made_VVD  an_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  dressing_VBG  ,_,  hurling_VBG  the_AT1  innards_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  sea-chest_NN  far_RR  and_CC  wide_RR  ,_,  and_CC  ended_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  flying_JJ  leap_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  schoolplace_NN  table_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  dinner_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  myself_PPX1  with_IO  a_AT1  gold_NN  stud_NN  .  
  then_RL  repaired_VVD  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  and_CC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  dinner_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  ate_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  then_RL  went_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  opera_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  \0no_NN  13_MC  box_NN  (_(  Charlie_NP  \0B.'s_PPIO2  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  opera_NN  was_VBDZ  Rigoletto_NP  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  e*?2lite_NN  were_VBDR  there_RL  .  
  Gibbs_NP  turned_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  message_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0C.-in-C_NNSB1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  introduced_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  Clare_NP  went_VVD  into_IO  ecstasies_NNS  over_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Ma_NNSB1  thought_VVD  him_PPHO1  so_RG  nice_JJ  and_CC  good_JJ  looking_JJ  .  
  gather_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  screaming_JJ  success_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  with_IO  Mother_NNSB1  .  
  they_PPHS2  stripped_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  my_APP$  white_JJ  waistcoat_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  wash_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lectured_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  sucking_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  superiors_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  result_NN  .  
  then_RL  returned_VVD  on_IO  board_NN  12.35_MC  and_CC  turned_VVD  in_RP  .    
  next_DA  morning_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Friday_NN1  ,_,    asked_VVD  the_AT1  Commander_NNSB1  for_IO  leave_NN  till_IO  \0Feb_NN1  5th_MD  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  Captain_NNSB1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  did_VDD  not_XX  expect_VV0  I_PPIS1  would_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  seizing_VBG  my_APP$  fast-waning_JJ  courage_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  tooth_NN  ,_,  asked_VVD  could_VM  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  ashore_RR  now_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  if_CS  Parsoon_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .  
  Parsoon_NP  disagreed_VVD  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .  
  found_VVD  Ma_NNSB1  in_IO  her_APP$  chemise_NN  and_CC  Clare_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  bed_NN  .  **"_**'  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  proud_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  conceived_VBN  the_AT1  original_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  league_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  this_DD1  reality_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  produced_VBN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  ,_,  something_PN1  much_RR  more_RG  practical_JJ  and_CC  far_RR  reaching_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  organised_JJ  talk_NN  but_CCB  assembled_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  international_JJ  institute_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  sustained_VBN  by_IO  subsidies_NNS  from_IO  fifty-two_MC  governments_NNS  and_CC  administered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  committee_NN  representing_VBG  these_DD2  governments_NNS  ,_,  existed_VVD  to_TO  compile_VV0  records_NNS  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  telegraphic_JJ  reports_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  of_IO  agriculture_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  prospects_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  the_AT1  intention_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  provide_VV0  such_DA  information_NN  about_IO  production_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  distribution_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  probable_JJ  demand_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  institute_NN  had_VHD  developed_VBN  departments_NNS  dealing_VBG  with_IO  meteorology_NN  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  diseases_NNS  in_IO  plants_NNS  .  
  David_NP  Lubin_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  as_CS  his_APP$    fabric_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  intelligence_NN    was_VBDZ  built_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  become_VV0  evident_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  revision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  international_JJ  transport_NN  .  
  the_AT1  transport_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  terrestrial_JJ  globe_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reckoned_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  centralised_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  as_RG  well_RR  regulated_VBN  as_IO  his_APP$  mail_NN  order_NN  department_NN  .  
  this_DD1  conception_NN  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  its_APP$  failure_NN  ,_,  aroused_VVD  the_AT1  curiosity_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  and_CC  appealed_VVD  strongly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  imagination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  intention_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  supply_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  distribution_NN  .  
  eventually_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  civilisation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  institute_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  extended_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  beside_IO  food_NN  stuffs_NNS  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Hague_NP  tribunal_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  thought_VBN  of_IO  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  faint_JJ  sketch_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  court_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  ,_,  so_RR  this_DD1  international_JJ  institute_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  might_VM  turn_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  foreshadowing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  germ_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  might_VM  spring_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  universal_JJ  economic_JJ  peace_NN  but_CCB  an_AT1  economic_JJ  world_NN  state_NN  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  war_NN  submerged_VVD  this_DD1  internationalism_NN  .  
  in_IO  August_NN1  1914_MC  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  dismally_RR  sentimental_JJ  little_JJ  dinner_NN  ,_,    when_CS the_AT1  French_JJ  ,_,  German_JJ  ,_,  Austrian_JJ  and_CC  Belgian_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  drank_VVD  together_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  peace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  talking_VBG  of_IO  their_APP$  immediate_JJ  duty_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  dispersed_VVD    in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  solemn_JJ  perplexity_NN    to_TO  serve_VV0  each_DD1  his_APP$  own_DA  belligerent_JJ  country_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  ,_,  staffed_VBN  by_IO  women_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  mutilated_JJ  and_CC  unfit_JJ  ,_,  devoted_VVD  itself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  allied_JJ  food_NN  supply_NN  .  
  President_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  ignored_VVD  the_AT1  institute_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  influenza_NN  epidemic_NN  of_IO  1918_MC  its_APP$  founder_NN  died_VVD  .  
  in_IO  January_NN1  1919_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  funeral_NN  of_IO  David_NP  Lubin_NP  passed_VVD  disregarded_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  of_IO  Rome_NP  hung_VBN  with_IO  bunting_NN  to_TO  welcome_VV0  President_NNSB1  Wilson_NP  .  
  David_NP  Lubin's_PPIO2  international_JJ  institute_NN  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  at_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  said_VBN  .  
  very_RG  naturally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  reader_NN  may_VM  wonder_VV0  why_CS this_DD1  city_NN  was_VBDZ  selected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Italy_NP  met_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Lubin_NP  more_RR  than_RR  half-way_RR  .  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  ,_,    in_IO  a_AT1  not_XX  very_RG  widely-known_JB  book_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  which_DDQ  represented_VVD  a_AT1  world_NN  state_NN  emerging_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  Armageddon_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  conference_NN  meet_VV0  at_IO  Brissago_NP  in_IO  Italian_JJ  Switzerland_NP  under_IO  the_AT1  presidency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Italy_NP  .    
  thus_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  utilise_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  anticipations_NNS  ,_,  of_IO    an_AT1  intelligent_JJ  monarch_NN  who_PNQS might_VM  waive_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  ill-bred_JJ  pretensions_NNS  that_PNQS sit_VV0  so_RG  heavily_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  gentlemanly_JJ  king_NN    and_CC  come_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  occasion_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  hinted_VVD  at_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  monarch_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  most_RG  admirable_JJ  gentleman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS submitted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  trappings_NNS  of_IO  royalty_NN  but_CCB  who_PNQS preferred_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  incognito_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  pass_VV0  as_IO    plain_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  .    
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells's_PPIO2  antipathy_NN  to_IO  monarchs_NNS  ,_,  royalty_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  fare_VV0  so_RG  badly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  set_VBN  free_JJ  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Italy_NP  made_VBN  to_TO  preside_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  state_NN  but_CCB  another_DD1  ruler_NN  is_VBZ  favourably_RR  depicted_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  Egbert_NP  ,_,  sovereign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  venerable_JJ  kingdom_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rebel_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  rebel_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  magnificence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  .  
  in_IO  theory_NN  his_APP$  manners_NNS  were_VBDR  purely_RR  democratic_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  sheer_JB  habit_NN  and_CC  inadvertently_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  permitting_VBG  his_APP$  companion_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  both_DB2  bottles_NNS  of_IO  beer_NN  .    
  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  king_NN  had_VHD  never_RR  carried_VBN  anything_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  noticed_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  chapter_NN  eight_MC  .  
  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  jingo_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  himself_PPX1    an_AT1  extreme_JJ  pacifist_NN  .    
  in_IO  his_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,    of_IO  all_DB  monstrous_JJ  ,_,  irrational_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  war_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  obviously_RR  insane_JJ  .    
  on_IO  no_AT1  conceivable_JJ  ground_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  sense_NN  in_IO  modern_JJ  war_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  effects_VBZ  nothing_PN1  except_IO  the_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  much_DA  energy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  huge_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  material_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  slaughter_NN  and_CC  mangling_NN  of_IO  many_DA  men_NNS  .  
  modern_JJ  warfare_NN  changes_VBZ  nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  maps_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  postage_NN  stamps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  relationships_NNS  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  accidentally_RR  conspicuous_JJ  individuals_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  man_NN  alive_JJ  who_PNQS could_VM  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  of_IO  any_DD  real_JJ  ,_,  permanent_JJ  benefit_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  war_NN  between_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Germany_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  nothing_PN1  which_DDQ  counter-balanced_VVD  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  waste_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  result_VV0  ,_,  whether_CS  England_NP  shattered_VVD  Germany_NP  or_CC  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  overwhelmed_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  when_CS war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  1914_MC  ;_;  for_CS  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  back_RP  as_IO  1901_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD    anticipated_VBN    that_CS  before_CS  Germany_NP  could_VM    unify_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1    she_PPHO1  must_VM  fight_VV0  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  while_CS    to_TO  unify_VV0  towards_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1    she_PPHO1  must_VM  fight_VV0  the_AT1  French_NP2  and_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  English_NP2  ,_,  for_CS  France_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  fight_VV0  alone_JJ  ;_;  very_RG  probably_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  empire_NN  .  
    writing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  midst_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turmoil_NN  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0D_NP  Beresford_NP  was_VBDZ  vividly_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  mind_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  prepared_VBN  for_IO  what_DDQ  had_VHD  come_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  romances_NNS  of_IO  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  ,_,    with_IO  just_RR  such_DA  exaggerations_NNS  as_CS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  in_IO  fiction_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  described_VVD  what_DDQ  had_VHD  now_RL  happened_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  learn_VV0  our_APP$  lesson_NN  from_IO  experience_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  learned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  fiction_NN  of_IO  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  without_IO  paying_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  fearful_JJ  price_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  considered_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  nearly_RR  an_AT1  average_JJ  man_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  all_DB  abnormal_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    only_RR  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  mental_JJ  rapidity_NN  .    
  be_VB0  this_DD1  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  ,_,  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  hostilities_NNS  evoked_VVD  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  response_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  as_CS  in_IO  many_DA  other_DA  Englishmen_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  against_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS first_RR  took_VVD  up_RP  arms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  carried_VVD  his_APP$  pacifism_NN  beyond_IO  that_DD1  ambiguous_JJ  little_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  and_CC  foreign_JJ  sentimentalists_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  leader_NN  who_PNQS pretended_VVD    so_RG  amusingly_RR    to_TO  be_VB0  socialists_NNS  and_CC  who_PNQS later_RRR  in_IO  1916_MC  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  peace_NN  with_IO  Germany_NP  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  thus_RR  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  breathing_NN  space_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  recover_VV0  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  commit_VV0  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  outrage_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  understand_VV0  these_DD2  people_NNS  :_:  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  stop_VV0  merely_RR  this_DD1  war_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD    to_TO  nail_VV0  down_RP  war_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  coffin_NN  .    
  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  August_NN1  7th_MD  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  writing_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  end_VV0  war_NN  .  
  to_IO  him_PPHO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  war_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  .  
  (_(  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  chapter_NN  eleven_MC    the_AT1  war_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  .    )_)  
  all_DB  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  war_NN  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  things_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  task_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  get_VV0  better_JJ  sense_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  Germans_NP2    and_CC  of_IO  people_NNS  generally_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  end_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  our_APP$  business_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  kill_VV0  ideas_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  really_RR  important_JJ  thing_NN  was_VBDZ  propaganda_NN  .  
  every_AT1  sword_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  drawn_VBN  against_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  sword_NN  drawn_VBN  for_IO  peace_NN  .    
  consequently_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  was_VBDZ  heart_NN  and_CC  soul_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  allies_NNS  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  one_MC1  lung_NN  and_CC  damaged_JJ  kidney_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  active_JJ  service_NN  .  
  even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  conscription_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  noting_VBG  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  had_VHD  always_RR  maintained_VBN  that_CS  compulsory_JJ  military_JJ  service_NN  followed_VVD  almost_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  corollary_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  socialism_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  commended_VBN  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,  William_NP  James_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS used_VVD  to_TO  urge_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  youth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nation_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  saved_VBN  from_IO  effeminacy_NN  by_IO  compulsory_JJ  national_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  places_NNS  like_IO  mines_NNS  and_CC  sewers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  deep_JJ  sea_NN  fisheries_NNS  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  conscription_NN  for_IO  labour_NN  in_IO  peace_NN  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  conscription_NN  for_IO  war_NN  .  
  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  ,_,  ahead_RR  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  in_IO  July_NN1  1916_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  reconstruction_NN  .  
  his_APP$  elements_NNS  of_IO  reconstruction_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  introduction_NN  by_IO  Viscount_NNSB1  Milner_NP  ,_,  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  during_IO  July_NN1  and_CC  August_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  chapter_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO    two_MC  friends_NNS    and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Milner_NP  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1    authors_NNS    but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  series_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  by_IO  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  .  
  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  1916_MC  ,_,  Wells_NP  was_VBDZ  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  fronts_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  peculiarities_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1    queer_JJ    war_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1    tour_NN  .    
  after_IO  suppressing_VBG  information_NN  for_IO  some_DD  months_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  even_RR  the_AT1  war_NN  correspondent_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  eliminated_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  sides_NNS  discovered_VVD  that_CS  opinion_NN  was_VBDZ  playing_VBG  a_AT1  larger_JJ  part_NN  than_CS  had_VHD  been_VBN  expected_VBN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  Wells_NP  one_MC1  day_NN  found_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Habokoff_NP  the_AT1  editor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Count_NNSB1  Alexy_NP  Tolstoy_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  writer_NN  of_IO  delicate_JJ  short_JJ  stories_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Chukovsky_NP  the_AT1  subtle_JJ  critic_NN  ,_,  calling_VBG  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  after_IO  braving_VBG  the_AT1  wintry_JJ  seas_NNS  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  fleet_NN  .  
  \0M_NP  Joseph_NP  Reinach_NP  soon_RR  followed_VVD  ,_,  upon_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  errand_NN  .  
  then_RL  our_APP$  turn_NN  came_VVD  ;_;  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Arnold_NP  Bennett_NP  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  wading_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  trenches_NNS  of_IO  Flanders_NP  while_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Noyes_NP  became_VVD    discreetly_RR  indiscreet_JJ    about_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  submarines_NNS  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hugh_NP  Walpole_NP  was_VBDZ  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stephen_NP  Graham_NP    in_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  forest_NN  of_IO  Russia_NP  .    
  when_CS \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  ,_,  in_IO  August_NN1  1916_MC  ,_,  arrived_VVD  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1    warm_JJ  and_CC  gay_JJ    with_IO  memories_NNS  of_IO  Hilaire_NP  Belloc_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Northcliffe_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Conan_NP  Doyle_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Colonel_NNSB1  Repington_NP  .  
  some_DD  writers_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  assured_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  made_VVD  their_APP$  tour_NN  with_IO  very_RG  great_JJ  diffidence_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1915_MC  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  go_VV0  but_CCB  he_PPHO1    evaded_VVD  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  travel_VV0  badly_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  speak_VV0  French_NN1  and_CC  Italian_NN1  atrociously_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  an_AT1  extreme_JJ  pacifist_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  soldiering_VBG  .    
  his_APP$  reluctance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  spectator_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1    fear_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  swamped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  spectacular_JJ  side_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  hit_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  projectile_NN  were_VBDR  infinitesimal_JJ  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  hit_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  vivid_JJ  impression_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  feared_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  see_VV0  some_DD  horribly_RR  wounded_JJ  man_NN  or_CC  some_DD  decaying_JJ  corpse_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  so_RR  scar_VV0  his_APP$  memory_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO    a_AT1  mere_JB  useless_JJ  gibbering_JJ  stop-the-war-at-any-price_JB  pacifist_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  many_DA  years_NNS  before_II  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  unexpectedly_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  tranquil_JJ  evening_NN  ,_,  come_VBN  upon_IO  a_AT1  drowned_JJ  body_NN  which_DDQ  so_RR  disturbed_VVD  his_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    darkened_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  weeks_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  fear_NN  and_CC  distrust_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  no_AT1  man_NN  could_VM  claim_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  his_APP$  duty_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  rational_JJ  creature_NN  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  formed_VBN  some_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP    out_RP  there_RL  .    
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  necessary_JJ  moreover_RR  to_TO  obtain_VV0  some_DD  conception_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  this_DD1  upheaval_NN  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  produce_VV0  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  not_XX  only_RR  an_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP  but_CCB  also_RR  some_DD  notion_NN  of_IO  how_CS one_MC1  wanted_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  story_NN  short_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  went_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  in_IO  Italy_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  King_NNSB1    the_AT1  first_MD  sovereign_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  met_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Italy_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  drawing_NN  room_NN  very_RG  much_RR  like_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  met_VBN  General_NNSB1  Joffre_NP  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_II  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  handing_VBG  his_APP$  hat_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  of_IO  two_MC  servants_NNS  standing_VBG  by_RP  ,_,  a_AT1    pleasantly_RR  smiling_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    appearing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  door_NN  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  in_IO  excellent_JJ  English_NN1  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells's_PPIO2  journey_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  it_PPH1  gradually_RR  became_VVD  evident_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  monarch_NN  himself_PPX1  .  
    addicted_VBN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wells_NP  ,_,    to_IO  the_AT1  particularly_RR  sumptuous_JJ  study_NN  furniture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  royal_JJ  study_NN  very_RG  simple_JJ  and_CC  refreshing_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  modern_JJ  ruler_NN  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  disposition_NN  to_TO  intimate_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  it_PPH1  .  there_EX  are_VBR  those_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  who_PNQS say_VV0  ,_,    absolutely_RR  not_XX  .  
  people_NNS  would_VM  panic_VV0  and_CC  start_VV0  pulling_VBG  the_AT1  communication_NN  cord_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  even_RR  surge_VV0  up_IO  the_AT1  corridors_NNS  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  whereupon_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  vehicle_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  into_IO  greater_JJ  peril_NN  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  leave_VV0  the_AT1  men_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  hatful_NN  of_IO  luck_NN  they_PPHS2  might_VM  get_VV0  us_PPIO2   somewhere_RR  without_IO  a_AT1  smash-up_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  just_RR  goes_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  journeying_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hazardous_JJ  business_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  too_RG  much_DA  security_NN  .    
  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS take_VV0  this_DD1  view_NN  exist_VV0  everywhere_RR    in_IO  communist_JJ  countries_NNS  no_RR  less_RRR  than_CS  in_IO  others_DA2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS Stalin_NP  got_VVD  left_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  after_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  visibly_RR  unfit_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  exist_VV0  in_IO  millions_MC2  everywhere_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  all_DB  for_IO  spreading_VBG  the_AT1  dire_JB  news_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  as_RG  speedily_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  these_DD2  unfortunates_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  right_NN  at_RR  least_RR  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  up_RP  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  think_VV0  that_CS  just_RR  spreading_VBG  that_DD1  news_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pointing_VBG  with_IO  derision_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  driver_NN  is_VBZ  acting_VBG  ,_,  is_VBZ  all_DB  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  can_VM  usefully_RR  do_VD0  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  satirical_JJ  and_CC  unconstructive_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  admit_VV0  they_PPHS2  probably_RR  could_VM  not_XX  operate_VV0  the_AT1  engine_NN  any_RR  better_RRR  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  while_CS  claiming_VBG  as_IO  credit_NN  to_IO  themselves_PPX2  that_CS  at_RR  least_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  even_RR  pretending_VBG  to_TO  .  
  some_DD  others_DA2  are_VBR  firm_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  once_CS  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  they_PPHS2  will_VM  somehow_RR  find_VV0  ways_NNS  and_CC  means_NNS  to_TO  avert_VV0  the_AT1  threatened_JJ  catastrophe_NN    perhaps_RR  ,_,  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  class_NN  coaches_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  real_JJ  engineers_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  call_VV0  themselves_PPX2  democrats_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  never_RR  yet_RR  got_VBN  full_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  footplate_NN  ,_,  nobody_PN1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  their_APP$  large_JJ  claims_NNS  amount_VV0  to_IO  .  
  what_DDQ  arouses_VBZ  the_AT1  indignation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  honest_JJ  satirist_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  unless_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  prig_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  people_NNS  in_IO  positions_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  or_CC  influence_NN  behave_VV0  idiotically_RR  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  behave_VV0  wickedly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  conspire_VV0  successfully_RR  to_TO  impose_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  themselves_PPX2  as_CS  so_RG  very_RG  ,_,  very_RG  deep-thinking_JJ  ,_,  sagacious_JJ  ,_,  honest_JJ  and_CC  well-intentioned_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  satirize_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS says_VBZ  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  in_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  you_PPY  even_RR  feel_VV0  no_AT1  inclination_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easier_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  perhaps_RR  simply_RR  more_RG  stimulating_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  satirize_VV0  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  than_CS  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  on_IO  Hitler_NP  or_CC  Mussolini_NP  .  
  for_CS  these_DD2  latter_DA  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  peoples_NNS  than_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  were_VBDR  creatures_NNS  who_PNQS roared_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  public_JJ  their_APP$  bestial_JJ  thoughts_NNS  and_CC  intentions_NNS  .  
  Hitler_NP  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  support_NN  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  concurrence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  Germans_NP2  ,_,  had_VHD  no_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  hypocrisy_NN  which_DDQ  Wilde_NP  described_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  tribute_NN  vice_NN  pays_VBZ  to_IO  virtue_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  persecute_VV0  and_CC  murder_VV0  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  no_RR  sooner_RRR  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  said_VBN  than_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  proclaimed_VVD  his_APP$  delinquent's_NN1$  contempt_NN  for_IO  civilization_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  nobody_PN1  misunderstood_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  organized_VVD  such_DA  fe*?5tes_NNS  and_CC  galas_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1    burning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  lied_VVD  certainly_RR    lied_VVD  continuously_RR  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  lying_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  kind_NN    it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  by_IO  him_PPHO1  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  to_TO  ,_,  deceive_VV0  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  secretly_RR  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  deceived_VBN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  resembled_VVD  the_AT1  great_JJ  confidence_NN  tricksters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  confidence_NN  tricksters_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  axiomatic_JJ  that_CS  no_AT1  wholly_RR  honest_JJ  man_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  likely_JJ  victim_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  confidence_NN  trick_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  mere_JB  fools_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  confidence_NN  men_NNS  successfully_RR  delude_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  pregnant_JJ  phrase_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    larceny_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  victim_NN  which_DDQ  results_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  victimization_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS Hitler_NP  operated_VVD    exploiting_VBG  and_CC  using_VBG  as_IO  his_APP$  leverage_NN  the_AT1    larceny_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN    of_IO  innumerable_JJ  politicians_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  country_NN  who_PNQS wanted_VVD  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  here_RL  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS really_RR  had_VHD  found_VBN  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  diamonds_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  plastics_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  quick_JJ  profit_NN  out_RP  of_IO  an_AT1  illicit_JJ  sale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  soul_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  satirize_VV0  a_AT1  confidence_NN  trickster_NN    the_AT1  best_JJT  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  is_VBZ  expose_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  send_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS you_PPY  find_VV0  a_AT1  respectable_JJ  citizen_NN    the_AT1  victim_NN    who_PNQS ,_,  beneath_IO  his_APP$  air_NN  of_IO  solid_JJ  good_JJ  sense_NN  and_CC  goodwill_NN  is_VBZ  secretly_RR  hoping_VBG  to_TO  turn_VV0  a_AT1  dishonest_JJ  political_JJ  profit_NN  by_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  flashy-looking_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  goods_NNS  labelled_VBN    peace_NN    or_CC    security_NN    or_CC    the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  bolshevism_NN    for_IO  some_DD  minimal_JJ  down-payment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  betrayal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  sacrifice_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  subject_NN  which_DDQ  invites_VBZ  and_CC  excites_VBZ  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  satirist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  satirist_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  remarked_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  among_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  longer_RRR  in_IO  ignorance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  incompetence_NN  of_IO  malignancy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  driver_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  also_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  having_VHG  done_VBN  that_RG  much_DA  his_APP$  particular_JJ  function_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accomplished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  apt_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  much_DA  heed_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS keep_VV0  asking_VBG  him_PPHO1  for_IO  his_APP$    solution_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  reply_VV0  that_CS  while_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  other_DA  capacity_NN    as_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  voter_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  magistrate_NN  or_CC  trade_NN  union_NN  secretary_NN    feel_VV0  able_JJ  and_CC  bound_VBN  to_TO  propose_VV0  and_CC  work_VV0  towards_IO    solutions_NNS    ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  satirist_NN  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  his_APP$  job_NN  .  
  myself_PPX1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hold_VV0  this_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  self-evident_JJ  truth_NN  .  
  and_CC  having_VHG  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  1950s_MC2  ,_,  had_VHN  some_DD  particular_JJ  opportunities_NNS  of_IO  watching_VBG  at_IO  close_JJ  range_NN  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  wheels_NNS  of_IO  neo-Elizabethan_JJ  Britain_NP  went_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  great_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  viewing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  box_NN  of_IO  tricks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  perspective_NN  of_IO  Ireland_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  more_RR  than_RR  happy_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  myself_PPX1  suddenly_RR  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  startlingly_RR  in_IO  close_JJ  collaboration_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  whom_WPO  ,_,  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  regard_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  incarnation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  devil_NN  .  
  9_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  wind-up_NN  of_IO  seven_MC  days_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  in_IO  Youghal_NP  which_DDQ  surprised_VVD  me_PPIO1  not_XX  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  an_AT1  article_NN  for_IO  Punch_NP  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  that_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  signed_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  friend_NN  Anthony_NP  Powell_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  it_PPH1  astonishingly_RR  appeared_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  become_VBN  Punch's_PPIO2  literary_JJ  editor_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  Ireland_NP  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  turn_VV0  England_NP  on_RP  or_CC  off_RP  as_CS  desired_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  soured_VBN  of_IO  London_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  days_NNS  episode_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  turned_VBN  it_PPH1  off_RP  altogether_RR  and_CC  become_VBN  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  whatever_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  thus_RR  had_VHN  no_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  volcanic_JJ  disturbance_NN  which_DDQ  started_VVD  to_TO  shake_VV0  Bouverie_NP  Street_NNL1  with_IO  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  Malcolm_NP  Muggeridge_NP  as_IO  editor_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  publication_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  heard_VBN  this_DD1  bit_NN  of_IO  news_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  certainly_RR  not_XX  have_VH0  occurred_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  boded_VVD  me_PPIO1  any_DD  particular_JJ  good_NN  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  for_IO  Punch_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ,_,  the_AT1  appointment_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  rule_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  possibility_NN  of_IO  successfully_RR  so_PN1  doing_VBG  .  
  for_CS  although_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  never_RR  actually_RR  met_VBN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  hated_VBN  him_PPHO1  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  principally_RR  my_APP$  communist_JJ  years_NNS  when_CS Malcolm_NP  Muggeridge_NP  had_VHD  great_JJ  prominence_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  rogues'_NN2  gallery_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  Moscow_NP  to_TO  bless_VV0  and_CC  stayed_VBN  to_TO  curse_VV0  ;_;  of_IO  hardened_JJ  ,_,  obstinate_JJ  and_CC  vicious_JJ  enemies_NNS  of_IO  truth_NN  and_CC  progress_NN  ;_;  of_IO  particularly_RR  able_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  particularly_RR  detestable_JJ  and_CC  dangerous_JJ  journalistic_JJ  and_CC  literary_JJ  swordsmen_NNS  in_IO  ranks_NNS  of_IO  wickedness_NN  and_CC  reaction_NN  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  conflict_NN  with_IO  Muggeridge_NP  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  restricted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  typewriters_NNS  .  
  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  often_RR  deadly_RR  active_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  journalists_NNS    his_APP$  activity_NN  always_RR  directed_VBN  towards_IO  frustrating_VBG  or_CC  defeating_VBG  some_DD  vital_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  journalists_NNS  was_VBDZ  as_IO  a_AT1  running_JJ  sore_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  anti-communists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0T.U.C_NP  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  London_NP  branch_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  at_IO  most_DA  times_NNS  able_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  a_AT1  preponderant_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  framing_VBG  the_AT1  policies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  London_NP  branch_NN  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  for_IO  long_JJ  periods_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  dominated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  communists_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  sufficient_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  first_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  communists_NNS  were_VBDR  united_VBN  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  various_JJ  objectives_NNS  whereas_CS  the_AT1  anti-communists_NNS  were_VBDR  in_RR  general_RR  united_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  anti-communism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  secondly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  communists_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS held_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  holy_JJ  though_CS  often_RR  irksome_JJ  duty_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  branch_NN  meetings_NNS  .  
  (_(  these_DD2  were_VBDR  usually_RR  held_VBN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  \0St_NNSB1  Bride's_PPIO2  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  lanes_NNS  just_RR  south_NN1  of_IO  Fleet_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  not_XX  many_DA  drearier_JJ  meeting_NN  halls_NNS  in_IO  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  saying_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  Fleet_NP  Street_NNL1  on_IO  any_DD  Saturday_NN1  afternoon_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  dreariest_JJT  places_NNS  anywhere_RR  .  
  add_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  personally_RR  detest_VV0  meetings_NNS  and_CC  speeches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  resolutions_NNS  and_CC  points_NNS  of_IO  order_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  entirely_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  absolutely_RR  indispensable_JJ  essence_NN  of_IO  democracy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  when_CS you_PPY  attend_VV0  such_DA  meetings_NNS  you_PPY  are_VBR  seeing_VBG  and_CC  taking_VBG  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  work_NN  of_IO  democracy_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wished_VVD  profoundly_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  possible_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  personally_RR  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  that_DD1  thing_NN  .  )_)  
  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  my_APP$  reason_NN  for_IO  asking_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  excused_VBN  attendance_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Bride's_PPIO2  on_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  Saturday_NN1  afternoon_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  as_CS  valid_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  party_NN  leaders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  rejoicing_VBG  over_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  release_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  word_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  that_CS  Malcolm_NP  Muggeridge_NP  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  attend_VV0  that_DD1  particular_JJ  meeting_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  launch_VV0  some_DD  major_JJ  attack_NN  ;_;  in_IO  consequence_NN  all_DB    leave_NN    was_VBDZ  cancelled_VBN  ,_,  no_AT1  excuses_NNS  for_IO  non-attendance_NN  were_VBDR  any_RR  longer_RRR  to_TO  be_VB0  deemed_VBN  valid_JJ  .  
  on_IO  such_DA  Saturdays_NN2  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  upon_IO  that_DD1  man_NN  with_IO  more_RR  than_RR  ordinary_JJ  political_JJ  hostility_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  humanly_RR  loathed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  paradoxical_JJ  manner_NN  he_PPHO1  represented_VVD  all_DB  those_DD2  disciplines_NNS  of_IO  communism_NN  and_CC  democracy_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  always_RR  found_VBN  excessively_RR  irksome_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  embodied_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  everything_PN1  that_PNQS could_VM  make_VV0  life_NN  vexatious_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  Saturday_NN1  afternoon_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  desert_NN  parts_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  .  
  knowing_VBG  nothing_PN1  of_IO  his_APP$  appointment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  editorship_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  bewildered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  chair_NN  of_IO  Anthony_NP  Powell_NP  who_PNQS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  known_VBN  since_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  novels_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  exquisite_JJ  sinuosities_NNS  and_CC  profound_JJ  risibility_NN  had_VHD  enchanted_VBN  me_PPIO1  for_IO  years_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  ask_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  God's_PPIO2  name_NN  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  doing_VBG  in_IO  that_DD1  gale*?3re_NN  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  ,_,  admitting_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  personally_RR  was_VBDZ  aboard_IO  the_AT1  sluggish_JJ  old_JJ  hulk_NN  ,_,  on_IO  earth_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  suppose_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  presence_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  welcome_JJ  .  
  just_RR  making_VBG  the_AT1  matter_NN  more_RG  mysterious_JJ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  note_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asking_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  article_NN  about_IO  Ireland_NP    saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  the_AT1  piece_NN  to_TO  be_VB0    somewhat_RR  astringent_JJ    .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  simply_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  good_JJ  turn_NN  by_IO  arranging_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  money_NN  out_RP  of_IO  Punch_NP  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  knowing_VBG  my_APP$  general_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  literary_JJ  brew_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  instead_RR  have_VH0  put_VBN  in_RP  some_DD  cautionary_JJ  note_NN  urging_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  draw_VV0  it_PPH1  mild_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  certainly_RR  needed_VVD  the_AT1  small_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  piece_NN  ,_,  signing_VBG  it_PPH1  discreetly_RR    \0J.H_NP      initials_NNS  of_IO  James_NP  Helvick_NP  ,_,  under_IO  which_DDQ  name_NN  I_PPIS1  then_RL  principally_RR  wrote_VVD  .  
  within_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  time_NN  the_AT1  piece_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  reached_VBN  Bouverie_NP  Street_NNL1  from_IO  Youghal_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  telegram_NN  from_IO  Anthony_NP  Powell_NP  offering_VBG  hearty_JJ  congratulations_NNS  upon_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  asking_NN  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  any_DD  objection_NN  to_IO  signing_VBG    in_RR  full_RR    .  
  I_PPIS1  wired_VVD  back_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  could_VM  certainly_RR  sign_VV0  it_PPH1  James_NP  Helvick_NP  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  response_NN  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  prompt_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  contents_NNS  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  ask_VV0  myself_PPX1  whether_CS  Tony_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  actually_RR  off_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  emphatically_RR  urged_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  sign_VV0    Claud_NC2  Cockburn_NC2    .  
  resignedly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  telegraphed_VVD  back_RP  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  with_IO  me_PPIO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  to_IO  myself_PPX1  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  bit_NN  of_IO  be*?5tise_NN  must_VM  inevitably_RR  mark_VV0  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  connection_NN  with_IO  Punch_NP    surely_RR  it_PPH1  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  obvious_JJ  to_IO  Tony_NP  that_CS  nobody_PN1  in_IO  authority_NN  there_RL  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  person_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  sort_NN  of_IO  reputation_NN  writing_VBG  articles_NNS      astringent_JJ    at_IO  that_DD1    in_IO  their_APP$  paper_NN  .  although_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  and_CC  their_APP$  political_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  diffidence_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  conservative_JJ  temperament_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  virtually_RR  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  adapt_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  different_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  capital_NN  .  
  Anglo-Jewry_NN1  ,_,  as_RG  indifferent_JJ  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  to_IO  Jewish_JJ  learning_NN  as_CS  to_IO  Jewish_JJ  nationalism_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  no_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  whited_JJ  sepulchre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  English_JJ  Zionism_NN1  ,_,  still_RR  dominated_VBN  by_IO  Herzlian_JJ  conceptions_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  no_AT1  attraction_NN  .  
  the_AT1    foreign_JJ    Jews_NP2  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  so_RR  denationalised_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  assimilated_JJ  Anglo-Jews_NP2  who_PNQS despised_VVD  and_CC  patronised_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  were_VBDR  scarcely_RR  less_RG  remote_JJ  from_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  cultural_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  life_NN  too_RG  seriously_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  much_DA  time_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  lighter_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  personal_JJ  contacts_NNS  were_VBDR  determined_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  serious_JJ  interests_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  for_IO  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  national_JJ  movement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  widest_JJT  connotation_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  term_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  resulted_VVD  that_CS  throughout_IO  his_APP$  London_NP  period_NN  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  outside_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  community_NN  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  practically_RR  no_AT1  new_JJ  friends_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  English_JJ  Jews_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  influenced_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  writings_NNS  and_CC  broadly_RR  shared_VVD  his_APP$  outlook_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  in_IO  England_NP  a_DA  few_DA  Russian_JJ  Jews_NP2  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  while_CS  still_RR  in_IO  Russia_NP    among_IO  them_PPHO1  Chaim_NP  Weizmann_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lecturer_NN  in_IO  chemistry_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Manchester_NP    and_CC  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  metropolis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  old_JJ  friends_NNS  from_IO  elsewhere_RR  who_PNQS visited_VVD  London_NP  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  ,_,  saved_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  complete_JJ  isolation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  a_AT1  stranger_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  land_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  London_NP  with_IO  hopes_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  able_JJ  at_RR  long_RR  last_RR  to_TO  retire_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  Zionist_JJ  controversy_NN  and_CC  from_IO  committee_NN  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  devote_VV0  his_APP$  spare_JJ  time_NN  to_IO  study_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Library_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  writing_VBG  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  Jewish_JJ  nationalism_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  ethics_NN  of_IO  Judaism_NN1  ,_,  two_MC  subjects_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  eminently_RR  qualified_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  original_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  Hebrew_JJ  and_CC  Jewish_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  these_DD2  hopes_NNS  were_VBDR  disappointed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  the_AT1  hubbub_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  underground_NN  journeys_NNS  to_IO  and_CC  from_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  nerve-racking_JJ  and_CC  exhausting_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sustained_JJ  intellectual_JJ  work_NN  after_IO  office_NN  hours_NNS  was_VBDZ  seldom_RR  possible_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  map_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  plan_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  projected_JJ  work_NN  on_IO  Jewish_JJ  nationalism_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_RR  further_RRR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  years_NNS  preceding_VBG  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1914_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  in_IO  all_DB  about_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  pieces_NNS  for_IO  publication_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  earlier_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  and_CC  last_DA  volume_NN  of_IO  at_IO  the_AT1  crossroads_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  appeared_VVD  in_IO  1913_MC  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  never_RR  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dozen_MC  pieces_NNS  included_VVD  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  best-known_JJT  essays_NNS  ,_,  called_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  English_JJ  translations_NNS  Judaism_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  gospels_NNS  and_CC  Summa_&FW  Summarum_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  written_VBN  in_IO  1910_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  extended_JJ  review_NN  of_IO  Claude_NP  Montefiore's_PPIO2  synoptic_JJ  gospels_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  of_IO  permanent_JJ  value_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  original_JJ  view_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  propounds_VBZ  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  religious_JJ  and_CC  ethical_JJ  standpoints_NNS  of_IO  Judaism_NN1  and_CC  Christianity_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  well-worn_JJ  antithesis_NN  between_IO  Judaism_NN1  as_IO  the_AT1  religion_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  and_CC  Christianity_NN1  as_IO  the_AT1  religion_NN  of_IO  love_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  Ahad_NP  Ha-Am's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  ,_,  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  essentially_RR  distinguishes_VBZ  Judaism_NN1  from_IO  other_DA  religions_NNS  is_VBZ  its_APP$  absolute_JJ  determination_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  religious_JJ  and_CC  moral_JJ  consciousness_NN  independent_JJ  of_IO  any_DD  definite_JJ  human_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  attach_VV0  it_PPH1  without_IO  any_DD  mediating_JJ  term_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  abstract_JJ  ,_,  incorporeal_JJ  ideal_NN  .    
  hence_RR  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  divine-human_JB  being_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS mediates_VBZ  between_IO  God_NP  and_CC  man_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  Judaism_NN1  can_VM  never_RR  accept_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  ethical_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  Judaism_NN1  rejects_VBZ  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  ideal_NN  of_IO  altruistic_JJ  self-sacrifice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  holds_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  abstract_JJ  and_CC  impersonal_JJ  justice_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  which_DDQ    the_AT1  self_NN    and_CC    the_AT1  other_DA    must_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  with_IO  complete_JJ  impartiality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  selfish_JJ  desires_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  neighbour_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  not_XX  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  place_VV0  his_APP$  neighbour's_NN1$  life_NN  or_CC  interests_NNS  before_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  essay_NN  ,_,  written_VBN  in_IO  1912_MC  ,_,  gives_VBZ  his_APP$  impressions_NNS  of_IO  Zionist_JJ  progress_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  tenth_MD  Zionist_JJ  congress_NN  and_CC  to_IO  Palestine_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  for_RR  once_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  mood_NN  of_IO  comparative_JJ  optimism_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  enabled_VVD  its_APP$  sceptical_JJ  author_NN  to_TO  discern_VV0  encouraging_JJ  signs_NNS  both_DB2  of_IO  new_JJ  thinking_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  camp_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  Hebrew_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  Palestine_NP  .  
  the_AT1  grandiose_JJ  ideas_NNS  which_DDQ  Zionism_NN1  still_RR  professed_VVD  officially_RR  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  as_RG  remote_JJ  from_IO  reality_NN  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  happy_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  Palestine_NP  beginning_VBG  to_TO  develop_VV0  into_IO  that_DD1    national_JJ  spiritual_JJ  centre_NN    which_DDQ  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN  needed_VVD  above_IO  all_DB  things_NNS  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  field_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  immediately_RR  preceding_VBG  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  active_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  Governors_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  high_JJ  school_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  proposed_VBN  to_TO  establish_VV0  at_IO  Haifa_NP  ,_,  with_IO  money_NN  provided_VBN  partly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  charitable_JJ  fund_NN  set_VBN  up_RP  under_IO  Kalman_NP  Wissotzky's_PPIO2  will_NN  ,_,  and_CC  partly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  German-Jewish_JJ  philanthropic_JJ  organisation_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  Hilfsverein_&FW  der_&FW  deutschen_&FW  Juden_&FW  .  
  Ahad_NP  Ha-Am_NP  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Wissotzky_NP  trustees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  along_IO  with_II  Shmarya_NP  Levin_NP  and_CC  Yehiel_NP  Tchlenov_NP  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  friends_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  prominent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  organisation_NN  ,_,  represented_VVD  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  assimilationists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hilfsverein_&FW  ,_,  who_PNQS held_VVD  the_AT1  whip_NN  hand_NN  because_CS  only_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  need_NN  arose_VVD  ,_,  to_TO  finance_VV0  the_AT1  scheme_NN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  resources_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  attached_VVD  very_RG  great_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  project_NN  both_DB2  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  progress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yishuv_&FW  and_CC  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  prestige_NN  of_IO  Jewish_JJ  Palestine_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  east_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  patiently_RR  acted_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  moderating_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  clashes_NNS  of_IO  opinion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  efforts_NNS  the_AT1  uneasy_JJ  partnership_NN  broke_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  1913_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  erection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  buildings_NNS  was_VBDZ  in_IO  progress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  cause_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rupture_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  insistence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hilfsverein_&FW  on_IO  making_VBG  German_NN1  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  instruction_NN  for_IO  all_DB  but_IO  Jewish_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  ,_,  including_IO  Ahad_NP  Ha-Am_NP  ,_,  resigned_VVD  on_IO  that_DD1  issue_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  sympathy_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  teachers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  already_RR  existing_VBG  Hilfsverein_&FW  schools_NNS  in_IO  Palestine_NP  declared_VVD  a_AT1  boycott_NN  of_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  educational_JJ  institutions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  action_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  establishment_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  organisation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  Hebrew_JJ  school_NN  system_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  marked_VVD  a_AT1  turning-point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yishuv_&FW  .  
  Ahad_NP  Ha-Am_NP  objected_VVD  in_IO  principle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  boycott_NN  weapon_NN    it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  not_XX  to_TO  differ_VV0  essentially_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  herem_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  excommunication_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dreaded_JJ  weapon_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  religious_JJ  bigotry_NN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  also_RR  had_VHD  grave_JJ  doubts_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  organisation_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  upkeep_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  Hebrew_JJ  school_NN  system_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  activists_NNS  had_VHD  their_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  the_AT1  results_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  justify_VV0  his_APP$  fears_NNS  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  technical_JJ  school_NN  project_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Hilfsverein's_&FW  intention_NN  to_TO  implement_VV0  it_PPH1  alone_RR  was_VBDZ  frustrated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  war_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  ;_;  and_CC  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  when_CS Palestine_NP  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  under_IO  a_AT1  British_JJ  mandate_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  destined_JJ  national_JJ  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  Haifa_NP  technion_NN  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  under_IO  Zionist_JJ  auspices_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  war_NN  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  in_IO  1914_MC  put_VVD  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  Ahad_NP  Ha-Am's_PPIO2  literary_JJ  career_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  disdained_VVD  to_TO  write_VV0  for_IO  publication_NN  under_IO  war_NN  conditions_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  censorship_NN  precluded_VVD  the_AT1  absolutely_RR  unfettered_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  Hebrew-reading_JJ  public_NN  waited_VVD  in_RR  vain_RR  for_IO  some_DD  indication_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  views_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  adopted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  or_CC  his_APP$  expectations_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  future_NN  might_VM  bring_VV0  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  wartime_NN  the_AT1  peace_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  have_VH0  enabled_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  retire_VV0  into_IO  an_AT1  ivory_NN  tower_NN  and_CC  devote_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  philosophy_NN  or_CC  scholarship_NN  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  war_NN  meant_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  relapse_NN  into_IO  barbarism_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  shook_VVD  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  implicit_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  humanity_NN  ;_;  and_CC  without_IO  that_DD1  belief_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  lost_JJ  soul_NN  .  
  the_AT1  massacre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  in_IO  his_APP$  beloved_JJ  Ukraine_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  fate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yishuv_&FW  ,_,  intensified_VVD  his_APP$  unhappiness_NN  ;_;  and_CC  his_APP$  malaise_NN  adversely_RR  affected_VVD  his_APP$  physical_JJ  health_NN  .  
  paradoxically_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  of_IO  acute_JJ  distress_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  a_AT1  direct_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  shaping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  organisation_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  his_APP$  intimacy_NN  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Weizmann_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  informed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  sympathy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  British_JJ  public_JJ  opinion_NN  for_IO  Zionism_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  throughout_II  in_IO  close_JJ  touch_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS conducted_VVD  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  which_DDQ  ultimately_RR  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Balfour_NP  declaration_NN  of_IO  2nd_MD  November_NN1  ,_,  1917_MC  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  informal_JJ  political_JJ  committee_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  advise_VV0  Weizmann_NP  and_CC  Sokolow_NP  when_CS those_DD2  negotiations_NNS  reached_VVD  the_AT1  decisive_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  his_APP$  great_JJ  moral_JJ  influence_NN  was_VBDZ  consistently_RR  exercised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  realism_NN  and_CC  moderation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  formulation_NN  of_IO  Zionist_JJ  demands_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Versailles_NP  peace_NN  conference_NN  of_IO  1919_MC  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  .  
  taking_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  view_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  the_AT1  unequivocal_JJ  recognition_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  civilised_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  Jewish_JJ  national_JJ  rights_NNS  in_IO  Palestine_NP  as_CS  of_IO  greater_JJ  value_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Jewish_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  for_IO  which_DDQ  in_IO  his_APP$  opinion_NN  neither_LE  Palestine_NP  nor_CC  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RR  yet_RR  prepared_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Balfour_NP  declaration_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  to_TO  create_VV0  conditions_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  political_JJ  future_NN  of_IO  Palestine_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  primarily_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  and_CC  sacrifice_NN  that_PNQS world_NN  Jewry_NN1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  developing_VBG  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  line_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  gradualist_JJ  approach_NN  ,_,  and_CC  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  reasonably_RR  expected_VBN  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  recognition_NN  of_IO  Jewish_JJ  national_JJ  rights_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  as_CS  not_XX  all_DB  Zionists_NP2  did_VDD  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO    the_AT1  establishment_NN  in_IO  Palestine_NP  of_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  home_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  undertook_VVD  to_TO  support_VV0  ,_,  and_CC    the_AT1  re-establishment_NN  of_IO  Palestine_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  people_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  formula_NN  suggested_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Zionist_JJ  side_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  an_AT1  era_NN  of_IO  steady_JJ  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yishuv_&FW  under_IO  British_JJ  tutelage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  progressive_JJ  revitalisation_NN  of_IO  diaspora_NN  Jewry_NN1  through_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    national_JJ  spiritual_JJ  centre_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  greater_JJ  moment_NN  than_IO  any_DD  spectacular_JJ  achievement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  or_CC  economic_JJ  sphere_NN  .  
  his_APP$  last_DA  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  in_IO  1918_MC  ,_,  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  broken_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  psychologically_RR  even_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  physically_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  on_RP  his_APP$  duties_NNS  as_IO  manager_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wissotzky_NP  business_NN  in_IO  London_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  strength_NN  left_VBN  for_IO  study_NN  or_CC  writing_NN  .  
  a_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  health_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1919_MC  necessitated_VVD  months_NNS  of_IO  sanatorium_NN  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  suffering_VBG  from_IO  some_DD  deep-seated_JJ  nervous_JJ  trouble_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  defied_VVD  precise_JJ  diagnosis_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  now_RL  had_VHD  only_RR  one_MC1  desire_NN  ,_,  to_TO  spend_VV0  his_APP$  last_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  Palestine_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  medical_JJ  adviser_NN  to_TO  hope_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  recover_VV0  his_APP$  health_NN  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  some_DD  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yishuv_&FW  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  his_APP$  wish_NN  to_TO  settle_VV0  in_IO  Palestine_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  passionate_JJ  love_NN  of_IO  independence_NN  had_VHD  stood_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  seizing_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  of_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  which_DDQ  had_VHD  presented_VBN  themselves_PPX2  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  63_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  earned_VBN  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  retire_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  pension_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  enable_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  reasonable_JJ  comfort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dreams_NNS  .  
  for_IO  unknown_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  over_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  elapsed_VBN  before_CS  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  arrangements_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  till_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1921_MC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  London_NP  for_IO  Palestine_NP  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  son_NN  and_CC  daughter-in-law_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  preferred_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  Tel-Aviv_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  spirit_NN  of_IO  Jewish_JJ  nationalism_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  city_NN  of_IO  Jerusalem_NP  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  aura_NN  of_IO  medievalism_NN  still_RR  clung_VVD  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  Tel-Aviv_NP  municipality_NN  built_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  house_NN  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Gymnasia_&FW  Herzlia_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  all-Hebrew_JJ  secondary_JJ  school_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  .  a_AT1  second_MD  effort_NN  to_TO  romanticize_VV0  Devon_NP  did_VDD  no_RR  better_RRR  .  
  Fletcher_NP  ,_,  with_IO  memories_NNS  of_IO  Elizabethan_JJ  England_NP  ,_,  spoke_VVD  of_IO  local_JJ  talent_NN  .  
  Sidney_NP  whinnied_VVD  scornfully_RR  .  
    here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  three_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  the_AT1  only_DA  local_JJ  talent_NN  within_IO  fifty_MC  miles_NNS  .    
  and_CC  Fletcher_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  wanted_VBN  masochistically_RR  to_TO  claim_VV0  philistinism_NN  for_IO  America_NP  ,_,  clicked_VVD  his_APP$  tongue_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  his_APP$  private_JJ  life_NN  .  
  not_XX  till_CS  he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  one_MC1  day_NN  gloomily_RR  ,_,      I_PPIS1  endoor_VV0  domesticity_NN  ,_,    did_VDD  we_PPIS2  even_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  married_VBN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  my_APP$  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  Basil_NP  Blackwell_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  first_MD  publisher_NN  ,_,  developed_VVD  quickly_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  friendship_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  though_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  often_RR  met_VBN  since_CS  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  Oxford_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  lasted_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  real_JJ  regard_NN  .  
  presently_RR  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  appetite_NN  sharpened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  anthology_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  anthology_NN  picked_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  poets_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  published_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  for_IO  this_DD1  idea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  eighty_MC  poems_NNS  ,_,  beautifully_RR  produced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Shakespeare_NP  head_JB  press_NN  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  drew_VVD  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  bunch_NN  of_IO  poets_NNS  were_VBDR  represented_VBN  .  
  turning_VBG  the_AT1  pages_NNS  now_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  poems_NNS  still_RR  stand_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  individuality_NN  and_CC  power_NN  ,_,  poems_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  should_VM  pick_VV0  again_RR  today_NN1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Wilfred_NP  Childe's_PPIO2  recognition_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Gothic_JJ  rose_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  in_IO  another_DD1  collection_NN  many_DA  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  admire_VV0  ;_;  a_AT1  happy_JJ  conceit_NN  of_IO  Gerald_NP  Crowe_NP  ,_,  ad_&FW  Sanctum_&FW  Geraldum_&FW  Pro_&FW  Nautis_&FW  Ejus_&FW  :_:  a_AT1  short_JJ  lyric_NN  ,_,  still-heart_NN  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  longer_JJ  poems_NNS  by_IO  that_DD1  little-known_JJ  poet_NN  Frank_NP  Pearce_NP  Sturm_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  Yeats's_PPIO2  .  
  their_APP$  inclusion_NN  provoked_VVD  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  correspondence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sturm_NP  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  little_JJ  ivory_NN  Chinese_JJ  figure_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  today_NN1  .  
  Roy_NP  Campbell_NP  contributed_VVD  a_AT1  delightful_JJ  monkey_NN  poem_NN  ,_,  Bongwi's_PPIO2  theology_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  Sitwells_NP2  ,_,  Dorothy_NP  Sayers_NP  ,_,  Edgell_NP  Rickword_NP  ,_,  Katharine_NP  Tynan_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Fredegond_NP  Shove_NP  were_VBDR  represented_VBN  ;_;  Susan_NP  Miles_NP  offered_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  village_NN  poems_NNS  ;_;  Morley_NP  Roberts_NP  appeared_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  unfamiliar_JJ  light_NN  ;_;  my_APP$  Oxford_NP  poet_NN  friends_NNS  all_DB  figured_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  short_JJ  lyric_NN  by_IO  Vincent_NP  Morris_NP  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  ,_,  fifty-seven_MC  poets_NNS  were_VBDR  represented_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  book's_NN1$  main_JB  importance_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  two_MC  friendships_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  brought_VVD  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  poets_NNS  published_VBN  by_IO  Blackwell_NP  was_VBDZ  Clifford_NP  Bax_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  deeply_RR  impressed_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  traveller's_NN1$  tale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wrote_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  then_RL  De_NP  Maria's_PPIO2  restaurant_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  Church_NNL1  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Kensington_NP  ,_,  began_VVD  yet_RR  another_DD1  friendship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  that_PNQS absence_NN  or_CC  catastrophe_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  disturb_VV0  .  
  Clifford's_PPIO2  charm_NN  and_CC  breadth_NN  of_IO  worldly_JJ  and_CC  other-worldly_JJ  wisdom_NN  delighted_VVD  and_CC  enthralled_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  still_RR  very_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  country_NN  bumpkin_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  Oxford_NP  overlay_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  admired_VVD  the_AT1  grace_NN  and_CC  assurance_NN  which_DDQ  wealth_NN  ,_,  travel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  experience_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  voice_NN  and_CC  smile_NN  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  gentleness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  Buddhist_JJ  faith_NN  confirmed_VVD  it_PPH1  ;_;  yet_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  delightful_JJ  contradictions_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  cricket_NN  field_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  Clifford_NP  flung_VVD  the_AT1  mantle_NN  of_IO  contemplation_NN  aside_RP  and_CC  emerged_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  unpredictable_JJ  and_CC  decisive_JJ  action_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  predict_VV0  about_IO  an_AT1  innings_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  figure_NN  six_MC  would_VM  appear_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  sheet_NN  ;_;  how_CS often_RR  depended_VVD  only_RR  upon_IO  how_CS long_RR  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  wicket_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bearded_JJ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  clean_JJ  shaven_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  only_DA  variation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  ruffled_VBN  ,_,  much_RR  less_RRR  out_RP  of_IO  temper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  appetite_NN  for_IO  gossip_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  under_IO  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  imagine_VV0  him_PPHO1  unkind_JJ  in_IO  word_NN  or_CC  deed_NN  .  
  Clifford_NP  was_VBDZ  deeply_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  philosophy_NN  and_CC  religion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  an_AT1  open_JJ  mind_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  supernatural_JJ  phenomena_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  Arnold_NP  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  presently_RR  introduced_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  strongly_RR  drawn_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  revival_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  Arnold_NP  wrote_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Dermot_NP  O'Byrne_NP  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  brothers_NNS  were_VBDR  friends_NNS  of_IO  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  ;_;  this_DD1  friendship_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  helped_VBN  to_TO  acclimatize_VV0  Clifford's_PPIO2  mind_NN  to_IO  aspects_NNS  of_IO  experience_NN  towards_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  by_IO  nature_NN  prone_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  over_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  social_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  might_VM  otherwise_RR  have_VH0  drawn_VBN  a_AT1  glittering_JJ  curtain_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  characteristic_JJ  of_IO  Clifford's_PPIO2  generosity_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  never_RR  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  feel_VV0  uncultivated_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  so_PN1  naturally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  blurted_VVD  out_RP  my_APP$  feeling_NN  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  discounted_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  showing_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  realism_NN  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  ,_,  this_DD1  ,_,  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  person_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  endure_VV0  my_APP$  company_NN  .  
  in_IO  sum_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  my_APP$  growing_NN  pains_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  .  
  another_DD1  was_VBDZ  Humbert_NP  Wolfe_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  met_VBN  him_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  College_NNL1  society_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  with_IO  especial_JJ  honour_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  Wadham_NP  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Blackwell_NP  anthology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  brought_VVD  about_RP  a_AT1  less_RG  impersonal_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  commenting_VBG  on_IO  its_APP$  ineptitude_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  setting_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  dinner_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  philistines'_NN2  club_NN  ,_,  where_CS his_APP$  long_JJ  drooping_JJ  lock_NN  ,_,  loose_JJ  bow_NN  ,_,  and_CC  weary_JJ  voice_NN  roused_VVD  some_DD  astonishment_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  party_NN  of_IO  four_MC  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  courtesy_NN  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  please_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  he_PPHO1  presently_RR  teased_VVD  me_PPIO1  because_CS  ,_,  when_CS asked_VBN  my_APP$  opinion_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  praised_VVD  their_APP$  kindness_NN  .  
    you_PPY  seem_VV0  to_TO  set_VV0  particular_JJ  store_NN  by_IO  this_DD1  quality_NN  ,_,  Strong_NP  .  
  who_PNQS  has_VHZ  kicked_VBN  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  acquire_VV0  this_DD1  abject_JJ  attitude_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  protested_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  abject_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  conceded_VVD  that_CS  instead_RR  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  faith_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  provincial_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  suspect_VV0  kindness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  self-interested_JJ  wish_NN  to_TO  please_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  to_TO  discover_VV0  ,_,  extraordinarily_RR  kind_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  hated_VBN  either_LE  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  or_CC  have_VH0  it_PPH1  acknowledged_VBN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  his_APP$  accusation_NN  of_IO  romantic_JJ  faith_NN  against_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  many_DA  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  introduce_VV0  Richard_NP  Church_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  as_IO  successive_JJ  speakers_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  dinner_NN  .  
  of_IO  Richard_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,      here_RL  now_RL  is_VBZ  Richard_NP  Church_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  kept_VBN  all_DB  his_APP$  illusions_NNS    ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS my_APP$  turn_NN  came_VVD  ,_,      here_RL  is_VBZ  Leonard_NP  Strong_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  many_DA  delusions_NNS  .    
  Richard_NP  Church_NP  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  anthology_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  much_RR  junior_JJ  to_IO  Humbert_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS used_VVD  to_TO  mock_VV0  him_PPHO1  affectionately_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  ran_VVD  into_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  Whitehall_NP  .  
  under_IO  a_AT1  shy_JJ  and_CC  slightly_RR  myopic_JJ  exterior_NN  Richard_NP  hid_VVD  a_AT1  needle-like_JJ  observation_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lightning_NN  wit_NN  .  
  at_IO  his_APP$  sharpest_JJT  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rivalled_VVD  Humbert_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  saying_VBG  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  his_APP$  temperament_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  warm_JJ  and_CC  generous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  lead_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  enthusiasms_NNS  which_DDQ  sometimes_RR  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  verge_NN  of_IO  absurdity_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saved_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  sharp_JJ  wit_NN  .  
  all_DB  his_APP$  friends_NNS  pulled_VVD  his_APP$  leg_NN  about_IO  these_DD2  enthusiasms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Richard_NP  ,_,  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  affection_NN  which_DDQ  prompted_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  would_VM  beam_VV0  and_CC  blush_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  glint_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  glasses_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  steely_RR  sharp_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  mischievously_RR  looked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  hit_VV0  back_RP  .  
  never_RR  strong_JJ  physically_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  working_VBG  far_RR  too_RG  hard_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  all_DB  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  writing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  reviewing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  on_RP  well_RR  together_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  either_LE  suspected_VVD  how_CS much_RR  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS often_RR  we_PPIS2  would_VM  turn_VV0  one_MC1  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  for_IO  comfort_NN  and_CC  advice_NN  .  
  5_MC  .  
  my_APP$  hunger_NN  for_IO  music_NN  ,_,  ignorant_JJ  though_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  led_VVD  me_PPIO1  into_IO  several_DA  friendships_NNS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  otherwise_RR  have_VH0  missed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  sturdy_JJ  John_NP  Ellis_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  himself_PPX1  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  railways_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  until_CS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  congenital_JJ  heart_NN  complaint_NN  ,_,  while_CS  still_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  early_JJ  forties_MC2  .  
  he_PPHO1  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  more_RRR  than_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  ways_NNS  .  
  above_IO  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  owe_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  comparative_JJ  sanity_NN  and_CC  balance_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  disturbances_NNS  caused_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  soire*?2es_NNS  with_IO  Schiller_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  .  
  all_DB  my_APP$  life_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  lucky_JJ  in_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  right_JJ  person_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  need_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  no_AT1  instance_NN  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  truer_JJ  than_CS  with_IO  John_NP  Ellis_NP  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  enormous_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  musical_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  by_IO  his_APP$  example_NN  and_CC  by_IO  his_APP$  comments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  gramophone_NN  records_NNS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  nai"vely_RR  play_VV0  him_PPHO1  :_:  unerringly_RR  selecting_VBG  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  however_CS unpromising_JJ  its_APP$  setting_NN    the_AT1  anonymous_JJ  violin_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  trio_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  eighteenpenny_JB  record_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little-known_JJ  baritone_NN  singing_VBG  a_AT1  song_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  composer_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO    and_CC  screaming_VBG  in_IO  falsetto_NN  derision_NN  at_IO  performances_NNS  by_IO  artists_NNS  far_RR  better_RRR  known_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  merely_RR  vulgar_JJ  .  
  Ellis's_PPIO2  work_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  sporadic_JJ  to_TO  win_VV0  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  composer_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  poems_NNS  to_IO  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  invited_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  write_VV0  new_JJ  words_NNS  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  verses_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  used_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  little_DA  trouble_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  sung_VBN  enough_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  word_NN  values_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  possible_JJ  duration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  vowels_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  musician_NN  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  well_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  much_RR  younger_JJ  man_NN  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  Sidney_NP  Lewis_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  equine_JJ  head_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  jerky_JJ  manner_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  urgent_JJ  inner_JB  life_NN  and_CC  of_IO  energies_NNS  too_RG  great_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  thin_JJ  asthenic_JJ  frame_NN  .  
  Sidney_NP  lived_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  blaze_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  ,_,  mental_JJ  and_CC  psychic_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  dream_NN  life_NN  had_VHD  sometimes_RR  a_AT1  tragic_JJ  intensity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  second_MD  sight_NN  as_CS  Romer_NP  Wilson_NP  had_VHD  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  perceptions_NNS  were_VBDR  dissociated_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  uncomfortable_JJ  ,_,  angular_JJ  glimpses_NNS  of_IO  eternity_NN  ;_;  glimpses_NNS  which_DDQ  sometimes_RR  comforted_VVD  but_CCB  more_RG  often_RR  threw_VVD  him_PPHO1  into_IO  an_AT1  agitation_NN  of_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  powers_NNS  .  
  like_IO  many_DA  gifted_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  grown_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  places_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  anyone_PN1  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  rub_VV0  their_APP$  wits_NNS  against_IO  ,_,  Sidney_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  strange_JJ  mixture_NN  of_IO  fantasy_NN  and_CC  practical_JJ  horse_NN  sense_NN  .  
  his_APP$  shrewdness_NN  was_VBDZ  alarming_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  drive_VV0  a_AT1  perception_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  steel_NN  nail_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  imposing_JJ  fac*?6ade_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  most_RG  complex_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  great_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  enjoyment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  convulsions_NNS  of_IO  laughter_NN  so_RG  violent_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  embarrass_VV0  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  public_JJ  places_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  beyond_IO  a_AT1  doubt_NN  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  genius_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  destined_VBN  to_TO  blossom_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  Sidney_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  older_JJ  friends_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  immediately_RR  discerned_VBN  his_APP$  quality_NN  and_CC  treated_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  age_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Hindu_NN1  who_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  Oxford_NP  to_TO  study_VV0  western_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  short_JJ  ,_,  stocky_JJ  ,_,  powerful_JJ  build_NN  ,_,  with_IO  fiercely_RR  curling_JJ  black_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  eyes_NNS  which_DDQ  immediately_RR  apprehended_VVD  the_AT1  essential_JJ  things_NNS  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Basanta_NP  Kumar_NP  Mallik_NP  .  
  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  and_CC  personality_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  many_DA  friends_NNS  at_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  met_VBN  him_PPHO1  through_IO  Robert_NP  Graves_NP  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  Balliol_NP  man_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  ability_NN  named_VBN  Harries_NP  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  Sidney_NP  .  
  Sidney_NP  however_RR  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  link_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  through_IO  Sidney's_PPIO2  elder_JJ  sister_NN  Winifred_NP  that_CS  I_PPIS1  later_RRR  resumed_VVD  the_AT1  friendship_NN  interrupted_VBN  by_IO  Mallik's_PPIO2  return_NN  to_IO  India_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  gap_NN  of_IO  thirty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  Mallik's_PPIO2  philosophy_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  impenetrable_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  appreciate_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  practical_JJ  conclusions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  lively_JJ  companion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  a_AT1  superb_JJ  maker_NN  of_IO  curries_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  gift_NN  which_DDQ  much_RR  endeared_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  liked_VVD  his_APP$  curries_NNS  all_RR  the_AT1  better_RRR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  too_RG  hot_JJ  :_:  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  very_RG  hot_JJ  kind_NN  were_VBDR  more_RRR  for_IO  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  retired_JJ  colonels_NNS  and_CC  Indian_JJ  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  than_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  connoisseur_NN  .  
  few_DA  things_NNS  pleased_VVD  him_PPHO1  more_RRR  than_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  turned_VBN  loose_JJ  by_IO  a_AT1  hostess_NN  with_IO  instructions_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  curry_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  guests_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  joys_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  would_VM  often_RR  be_VB0  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rueful_JJ  inventory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larder_NN  ,_,  for_CS  Mallik_NP  would_VM  put_VV0  in_RP  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  could_VM  lay_VV0  hands_NNS  on_IO  ,_,  including_IO  items_NNS  which_DDQ  ninety-nine_MC  English_JJ  people_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  immune_JJ  .  the_AT1  varsity_NN  regatta_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  held_VBN  at_IO  sea_NN  in_IO  boats_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  borrowed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  quite_RR  unfamiliar_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  competitors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  authorities_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  award_VV0  a_AT1  half-blue_NN  for_IO  sailing_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  done_VBN  now_RL  .  
  another_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  early_JJ  team_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  subsequent_JJ  Captain_NNSB1    was_VBDZ  Francis_NP  Usborne_NP  ,_,  now_RL  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  yachting_NN  association_NN  .  
  Stewart_NP  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  principal_JB  spur_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  invited_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  Broads_NPLS  in_IO  their_APP$  beautiful_JJ  converted_JJ  wherry_NN  Sundog_NP  ;_;  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  from_IO  regatta_NN  to_IO  regatta_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  of_IO  racing_NN  dinghies_NNS  and_CC  one-designs_NNS  towing_VBG  astern_RR  ,_,  all_DB  superbly_RR  kept_VBN  in_IO  trim_NN  by_IO  Cubitt_NP  Nudd_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_RBT    paid_JJ  hands_NNS    in_IO  all_DB  Norfolk_NP  .  
  for_IO  these_DD2  holidays_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  usually_RR  Stewart's_PPIO2  crew_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS his_APP$  new_JJ  fourteen-foot_JB  dinghy_NN  clover_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  Morgan_NP  Giles_NP  in_IO  beautifully_RR  selected_JJ  teak_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  good_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  crew_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  important_JJ  races_NNS  .  
  much_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  crewed_VBN  in_IO  less_RG  expertly_RR  handled_JJ  dinghies_NNS  and_CC  finally_RR  graduated_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  very_RG  own_DA  fourteen-footer_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  good_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  beat_VV0  Stewart_NP  .  
  without_IO  this_DD1  friendly_JJ  rivalry_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  selected_VBN  to_TO  represent_VV0  Great_NP  Britain_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Olympic_JJ  games_NNS  (_(  with_IO  Stewart_NP  as_IO  my_APP$  spare_JJ  man_NN  )_)  in_IO  1936_MC  ;_;  I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  won_VBN  a_AT1  bronze_JJ  medal_NN  there_RL    and_CC  likely_RR  enough_RGA  I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  become_VBN  (_(  quite_RR  accidentally_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  transpired_VVD  )_)  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  yacht_NN  racing_NN  union_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  races_NNS  at_IO  Ely_NP  were_VBDR  sailed_VBN  in_IO  deadly_JJ  earnest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  training_NN  ground_NN  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  so_RG  narrow_JJ  a_AT1  river_NN  inches_NNS  counted_VVD  and_CC  fine_JJ  judgement_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  cultivated_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  well-rounded_JJ  buoy_NN  passed_VVD  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  foot_NN  away_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  boat's_NN1$  side_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  standard_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  boat's_NN1$  length_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  gained_VBN  when_CS   going_VBG  about_RP    by_IO  shooting_VBG  up_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  before_IO  filling_VBG  away_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  tack_NN  .  
  on_IO  occasion_NN  the_AT1  sailing_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  light-hearted_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  afternoon_NN  when_CS an_AT1  unofficial_JJ  prize_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  offered_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  helmsman_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  sailing_VBG  single-handed_RR  ,_,  contrived_VVD  to_TO  capsize_VV0  his_APP$  boat_NN  first_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  starting_NN  gun_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  fired_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Commodore_NNSB1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  informed_VBN  of_IO  this_DD1  plan_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  megaphone_NN  ,_,  shouting_VBG  
    let_VV0  the_AT1  sheet_NN  go_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  stupid_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  boat_NN  over_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  careful_JJ  .    
  but_CCB  his_APP$  warning_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  no_AT1  avail_NN  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  seconds_NNS  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  won_VVD  the_AT1  prize_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  15_MC  of_IO  pinkfeet_NNS  and_CC  punts_NNS  and_CC  blue_JJ  geese_NNS  .  
  during_IO  our_APP$  Christmas_NP  holiday_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Solway_NP  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  heard_VBN  rumours_NNS  that_CS  very_RG  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  geese_NNS  assembled_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  estuary_NN  upon_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  arrival_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  in_IO  late_JJ  September_NN1  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Esk_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Eden_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  vast_JJ  merse_NN  covered_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  high_JJ  spring_NN  tides_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  assembly_NN  point_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  at_IO  times_NNS  something_PN1  like_IO  thirty_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  pinkfooted_JJ  geese_NNS  .  
  nowadays_RR  no_AT1  such_DA  concentrations_NNS  of_IO  geese_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  on_IO  Rockliffe_NP  Marsh_NNL1  as_CS  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  autumns_NNS  of_IO  1929_MC  and_CC  1930_MC  .  
  great_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  pinkfeet_NNS  still_RR  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Solway_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  in_IO  any_DD  concentration_NN  until_CS  well_RR  into_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  headquarters_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  ten_MC  miles_NNS  further_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  westward_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  Lochar_NP  mouth_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sanctuary_NN  provided_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  Kinmount_NP  estate_NN  near_IO  Annan_NP  .  
  on_IO  20th_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  1929_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  set_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  London_NP  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  family's_NN1$  Austin_NP  Seven_NP  and_CC  arrived_VVD  at_IO  Sark_NP  Bridge_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  Gretna_NP  ,_,  eleven_MC  hours_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  next_DA  morning_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  geese_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  arrived_VBN  at_IO  Rockliffe_NP  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  day_NN  more_DA  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  in_RP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  geese_NNS  arriving_VBG  on_IO  migration_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  little_JJ  bunches_NNS  coming_VBG  in_RP  high_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  Bridge_NNL1  ,_,  heading_VBG  the_AT1  westerly_JJ  wind_NN  and_CC  planing_VBG  down_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  marsh_NN    some_DD  in_IO  threes_MC2  and_CC  fours_MC2  ,_,  some_DD  in_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  or_CC  twenty_MC  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  parties_NNS  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  almost_RR  wherever_CS you_PPY  looked_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pattern_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  since_II  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  more_RG  impressively_RR  than_CS  on_IO  that_DD1  first_MD  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  the_AT1  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  from_IO  Greenland_NP  and_CC  Iceland_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  Spitzbergen_NP  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  breeding_NN  ground_NN  of_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  pinkfeet_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  wherever_CS they_PPHS2  came_VVD  from_IO  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  away_RP  in_IO  Arctic_NP  or_CC  sub-Arctic_JJ  lands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  added_VVD  immeasurably_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  appeal_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  wonderful_JJ  birds_NNS  .  
  Rockliffe_NP  Marsh_NNL1  was_VBDZ  private_JJ  shooting_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  Esk_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  boat_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  intercept_VV0  the_AT1  geese_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  marsh_NN  edge_NN  ,_,  or_CC  from_IO    lying-pits_NNS    out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  I_PPIS1  shot_VVD  twelve_MC  geese_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  vastly_RR  pleased_JJ  with_IO  my_APP$  success_NN  .  
  more_RG  recently_RR  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  manorial_JJ  rights_NNS  extending_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  channels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eden_NP  and_CC  Esk_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  substantiated_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  1929_MC  this_DD1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  clarified_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  sand_NN  was_VBDZ  widely_RR  ,_,  if_CS  erroneously_RR  ,_,  held_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  free_JJ  shooting_NN  .  
  digging_VBG  in_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  now_RL  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  wise_JJ  procedure_NN  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  extensively_RR  practised_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  goose_NN  roost_NN  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  eventually_RR  to_TO  drive_VV0  the_AT1  geese_NNS  away_RP  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  contributary_JJ  causes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  abandonment_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  grey_JJ  geese_NNS  of_IO  Wells_NP  and_CC  Holkham_NP  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  influenced_VVD  their_APP$  change_NN  of_IO  habits_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Solway_NP  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  that_DD1  first_MD  autumn_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Solway_NP  digging_VBG  lying_NN  pits_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  seemed_VVD  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  practical_JJ  if_CS  difficult_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  goose_NN  shooting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  bagged_VBN  while_CS  shooting_VBG  from_IO  their_APP$  scanty_JJ  cover_NN  .  
  for_IO  my_APP$  last_DA  two_MC  days_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  I_PPIS1  moved_VVD  westward_RR  to_IO  Wigtown_NP  Bay_NNL1  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  go_VV0  punting_VBG  with_IO  Major_NNSB1  Hulse_NP    the_AT1  expert_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  called_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  joined_VVD  him_PPHO1  at_IO  Creetown_NP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  spent_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  days_NNS  afloat_JJ  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  wigeon_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  confirmed_VVD  my_APP$  earlier_JJ  conclusion_NN  that_CS  punting_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  that_PNQS wildfowling_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  our_APP$  bag_NN  was_VBDZ  meagre_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  occasion_NN  was_VBDZ  chiefly_RR  memorable_JJ  for_IO  my_APP$  meeting_NN  with_IO  Adam_NP  Birrell_NP  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  stirring_JJ  return_NN  journey_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  punt_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  gale_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  met_VBN  Adam_NP  very_RG  briefly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  previous_JJ  day's_NN1$  punting_NN  with_IO  Major_NNSB1  Hulse_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  recognised_VVD  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  ordinary_JJ  fisherman-wildfowler_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  naturalist_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  astonishingly_RR  wide_JJ  (_(  self-administered_JJ  )_)  education_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  delightful_JJ  company_NN  whether_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  fowling_NN  expedition_NN  or_CC  bird-watching_NN  or_CC  fishing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  remained_VVD  in_IO  fairly_RR  regular_JJ  communication_NN  thereafter_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  century_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  days'_NN2  punting_NN  I_PPIS1  set_VVD  off_RP  from_IO  Creetown_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Austin_NP  Seven_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  to_IO  eight_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  and_CC  arrived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  to_IO  eight_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  stopped_VBN  for_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  in_IO  Carlisle_NP  and_CC  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  at_IO  Boroughbridge_NP  where_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  lunch_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Great_NP  North_NP  Road_NNL1  and_CC  motoring_NN  conditions_NNS  in_IO  1929_MC  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  380-mile_JB  journey_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  seven-horsepower_JB  car_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  average_JJ  speed_NN  of_IO  just_RR  over_RR  35_MC  miles_NNS  per_IO  hour_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  perhaps_RR  worth_IO  recording_VBG  that_CS  my_APP$  ten_MC  days_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  had_VHD  cost_VBN  me_PPIO1  almost_RR  exactly_RR  *+10_NNU  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  flood-waters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bedford_NP  Levels_NPLS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  Penelope_NP  and_CC  Grey_NP  Goose_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  still_RR  had_VHD  no_AT1  sea-going_JJ  double_JJ  punt_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Wash_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  must_VM  clearly_RR  be_VB0  remedied_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mathie_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  boat-builder_NN  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  commissioned_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  one_MC1  ,_,  based_VBN  mainly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  and_CC  specifications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  expert's_NN1$  punt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  twenty-four_MC  foot_NN  long_JJ  ,_,  four-foot_JB  beam_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  twelve-foot_JB  cockpit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  Kazarka_NP    the_AT1  Russian_JJ  name_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  red-breasted_JJ  goose_NN  .  
  Kazarka_NP  was_VBDZ  launched_VBN  just_RR  below_IO  Magdalene_NP  Bridge_NNL1  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  on_IO  11th_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1929_MC  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  I_PPIS1  set_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  companion_NN  ,_,  David_NP  Lewis_NP  ,_,  to_TO  sail_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  south-westerly_JJ  wind_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  very_RG  strong_JJ  at_IO  times_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  good_JJ  progress_NN  until_CS  just_RR  before_IO  Ely_NP  ,_,  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stretch_NN  which_DDQ  came_VVD  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lee_NN  boards_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  really_RR  cope_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  passing_JJ  sugar_NN  beet_NN  tug_NN  took_VVD  us_PPIO2   in_IO  tow_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  Ely_NP  beet_NN  factory_NN  .  
  thereafter_RR  we_PPIS2  sailed_VVD  without_IO  difficulty_NN  to_IO  Brandon_NP  Creek_NNL1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  our_APP$  staging_NN  point_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fascination_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Fenland_NN  river_NN  banks_NNS  .  
  trees_NNS  are_VBR  few_DA  and_CC  far_RR  between_II  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  river_NN  runs_VBZ  artificially_RR  straight_JJ  or_CC  nearly_RR  so_PN1  for_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  mile_NN  ,_,  broken_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  bridge_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  punt_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  view_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  high_JJ  green_JJ  banks_NNS  rose_VVD  steeply_RR  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  skyline_NN  at_IO  most_DA  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  .  
  the_AT1  flat_JJ  fenland_NN  fields_NNS  ,_,  mostly_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  hidden_VBN  from_IO  us_PPIO2   ;_;  and_CC  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  passage_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  testing_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  boat_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  maiden_NN  voyage_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  anticipation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  arrival_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  fowling_NN  grounds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Wash_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  spinning_VBG  along_RP  under_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  sail_NN  ,_,  all_DB  added_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  sheer_JB  delight_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  clearly_RR  recall_VV0  today_NN1    just_RR  thirty_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  Christopher_NP  Dalgety_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  us_PPIO2   at_IO  Brandon_NP  Creek_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  took_VVD  David_NP  Lewis_NP  to_IO  Ely_NP  to_TO  catch_VV0  a_AT1  train_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  missed_VVD  )_)  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Globe_NP  Hotel_NNL1  at_IO  King's_NNSB2  Lynn_NP  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  our_APP$  coastal_JJ  headquarters_NN  .  
  re-reading_VBG  my_APP$  shooting_NN  diaries_NNS  in_IO  1959_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  this_DD1  book_NN  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  entry_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  Friday_NN1  ,_,  13th_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1929_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  of_IO  more_DA  interest_NN  than_CS  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  west-south-westerly_JJ  breeze_NN  blowing_VBG  as_CS  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  out_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  drove_NN  at_IO  Terrington_NP  (_(  past_IO  a_AT1  pole_NN  evidently_RR  set_VBN  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  salting_NN  long_RR  ago_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  landmark_NN  and_CC  known_VBN  inevitably_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  pole_NN  )_)  and_CC  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  salting_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  position_NN  at_IO  6.40_MC  ,_,    says_VBZ  my_APP$  diary_NN  ,_,      streak_NN  of_IO  dawn_NN    having_VHG  been_VBN  at_IO  6.10_MC  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  got_VVD  light_JJ  geese_NNS  began_VVD  honking_VBG  all_RR  round_RP  .  
  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  mallards_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  sitting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  now_RL  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  came_VVD  over_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  several_DA  shots_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  all_RR  round_RP  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  about_RR  eight_MC  geese_NNS  coming_VBG  straight_RR  towards_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  sagged_VVD  away_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  and_CC  passed_VVD  rather_RR  wide_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  shot_NN  but_CCB  without_IO  success_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shot_NN  put_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  big_JJ  lot_NN  of_IO  about_RR  200_MC  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  sitting_VBG  farther_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  .  
  these_DD2  pitched_VVD  again_RR  about_RR  200-300_MC-MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  thought_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  on_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flock_NN  looked_VVD  different_JJ  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  glass_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  white_JJ  goose_NN  .  
  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  neck_NN  and_CC  breast_NN  were_VBDR  pure_JJ  white_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  back_NN  was_VBDZ  dark_JJ  brown_JJ  ,_,  darker_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  pinkfeet_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  head_NN  taller_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  (_(  and_CC  longer_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  )_)  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  his_APP$  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  large_JJ  and_CC  thick_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  albino_NN  greylag_NN  .  
  in_IO  general_JJ  size_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  much_RR  larger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  pinkfeet_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  much_RR  more_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  alert_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  his_APP$  head_NN  up_RP  the_AT1  whole_JJ  time_NN    once_RR  when_CS only_RR  three_MC  other_DA  geese_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  200_MC  had_VHD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  up_RP  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  flock_NN  had_VHD  walked_VBN  towards_IO  me_PPIO1  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  scented_VBN  me_PPIO1  ,_,  for_CS  away_RP  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  ,_,  crossing_VBG  my_APP$  creek_NN  further_RRR  down_RP  and_CC  joining_VBG  some_DD  more_DA  geese_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .    
  well_UH  ,_,  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  !_!  
  there_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  goose_NN  for_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  the_AT1  description_NN  is_VBZ  perfect_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  even_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  rather_RR  less_RG  common_JJ  form_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  white_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  extends_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  breast_NN  and_CC  belly_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  have_VH0  exaggerated_VBN  the_AT1  size_NN  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  (_(  and_CC  his_APP$  fellow_JB  pinkfeet_NNS  )_)  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  smell_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  now_RL  believe_VV0  could_VM  have_VH0  accounted_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  departure_NN  .  Wesley_NP  often_RR  dined_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  sometimes_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  colleagues_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Rector's_NNSB2  brother_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Justinian_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  guest_NN  whom_WPO  Wesley_NP  met_VVD  at_IO  dinner_NN  on_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  ,_,  1732_MC  .  
  three_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  fellows_NNS  in_IO  residence_NN  had_VHD  dinner_NN  and_CC  supper_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  and_CC  played_VVD  cards_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  year_NN  later_RRR  when_CS Wesley's_PPIO2  father_NN  was_VBDZ  staying_VBG  in_IO  Oxford_NP  over_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  Isham_NP  invited_VVD  John_NP  Wesley_NP  to_TO  read_VV0  prayers_NNS  and_CC  later_RRR  entertained_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
  both_DB2  Isham_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  were_VBDR  among_IO  the_AT1  subscribers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  projected_JJ  work_NN  on_IO  Job_NP  ,_,  as_CS  were_VBDR  also_RR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  fellows_NNS  and_CC  former_DA  undergraduates_NNS  .  
  at_IO  times_NNS  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  justifiably_RR  concerned_JJ  at_IO  Wesley's_PPIO2  indiscreet_JJ  religious_JJ  zeal_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  realized_VVD  his_APP$  merits_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  28th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1734_MC  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  donation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  a_AT1  gesture_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  Wesley_NP  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  touched_VBN  .  
  Wesley_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  recalled_VBN  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  tutor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  undergraduates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_IO  a_AT1  teacher_NN  and_CC  preceptor_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  returned_VBN  into_IO  residence_NN  in_IO  November_NN1  ,_,  1729_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  well-read_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  classics_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  divinity_NN  .  
  these_DD2  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  logic_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  the_AT1  principal_JB  subjects_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  guide_VV0  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  .  
  like_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  Aldrich's_PPIO2  textbook_NN  on_IO  logic_NN  ,_,  compendium_&FW  artis_&FW  logicae_&FW  ,_,  with_IO  profound_JJ  reverence_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  supplemented_VVD  his_APP$  teaching_NN  on_IO  logic_NN  and_CC  classics_NNS  by_IO  reading_VBG  Sanderson_NP  and_CC  Langbaine_NP  .  
  long_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  Oxford_NP  the_AT1  imprint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  syllogistic_JJ  reasoning_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  and_CC  taught_VBN  remained_VVD  .  
    for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  much_RR  later_RRR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  Moderator_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  disputations_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  held_VBN  six_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  College_NNL1  in_IO  Oxford_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  acquiring_VBG  hereby_RR  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  expertness_NN  in_IO  arguing_VBG  ;_;  and_CC  especially_RR  in_IO  discerning_VBG  and_CC  pointing_VBG  out_RP  well-covered_JJ  and_CC  plausible_JJ  fallacies_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  fulfilled_VVD  his_APP$  duty_NN  as_IO  Moderator_NNSB1  by_IO  lecturing_VBG  or_CC  presiding_VBG  over_IO  disputations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  at_IO  ten_MC  or_CC  eleven_MC  on_IO  week-day_NN  mornings_NNS  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  private_JJ  pupil_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  gave_VVD  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  Charles_NP  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  mutual_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  William_NP  Morgan_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  tutorials_NNS  .  
  with_IO  them_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  Milton's_PPIO2  poetry_NN  ,_,  Lucas'_PPIO2  popular_JJ  devotional_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  Norris'_PPIO2  sermons_NNS  ,_,  lives_NNS  of_IO  Bonnel_NP  and_CC  de_&FW  Renty_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  warning_JJ  tract_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  spira_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  books_NNS  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  this_DD1  reading_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  prescribed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  recently_RR  formed_JJ  holy_JJ  club_NN  .  
  in_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  proudly_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  his_APP$    first_MD  pupil_NN    ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  Joseph_NP  Green_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Bible_NP  clerk_NN  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  introduced_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  on_IO  10th_MD  June_NN1  and_CC  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  matriculated_VBN  two_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  Green's_PPIO2  father_NN  lived_VVD  at_IO  Shipton_NP  ,_,  where_CS Wesley_NP  often_RR  took_VVD  the_AT1  service_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  Lincoln_NP  undergraduate_NN  ,_,  Joseph_NP  Goodwin_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  through_IO  Wesley's_PPIO2  efforts_NNS  that_CS  Green_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  Lincoln_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  calling_VBG  on_IO  Wesley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  rooms_NNS  just_RR  above_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  College_NNL1  ,_,  at_IO  ten_MC  every_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  presumably_RR  for_IO  tuition_NN  .  
  on_IO  4th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  had_VHD  allocated_VBN  eleven_MC  men_NNS  to_IO  Wesley_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Westley_NP  ,_,  Jonathan_NP  Black_NP  ,_,  from_IO  Harringworth_NP  in_IO  Northamptonshire_NP  ,_,  Thomas_NP  Waldegrave_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Lincolnshire_NP  boy_NN  from_IO  Londonthorpe_NP  ,_,  two_MC  northerners_NNS  ,_,  Thomas_NP  Hylton_NP  from_IO  Monkwearmouth_NP  and_CC  Robert_NP  Davison_NP  from_IO  Durham_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Bartholomew_NP  from_IO  Dorchester_NP  ,_,  Dorset_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Sympson_NP  ,_,  almost_RR  a_AT1  neighbour_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Gainsborough_NP  ,_,  Edward_NP  Browne_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  merchant's_NN1$  son_NN  from_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Asaph_NP  ,_,  Richard_NP  Bainbridge_NP  from_IO  Leeds_NP  ,_,  and_CC  George_NP  Podmore_NP  from_IO  Edgmond_NP  in_IO  Shropshire_NP  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  ever_RR  achieved_VVD  great_JJ  distinction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Bainbridge_NP  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  a_AT1  fellow_NN  of_IO  Lincoln_NP  ,_,  while_CS  Thomas_NP  Waldegrave_NP  was_VBDZ  subsequently_RR  elected_VBN  a_AT1  fellow_NN  of_IO  Magdalen_NP  and_CC  was_VBDZ  Edward_NP  Gibbon's_PPIO2  first_MD  tutor_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  minor_JJ  ironies_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  that_CS  in_IO  going_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  plays_NNS  of_IO  Terence_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  precocious_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  Waldegrave_NP  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  reproducing_VBG  the_AT1  notes_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  learned_VBN  from_IO  John_NP  Wesley_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  Gibbon_NP  thought_VVD  the_AT1  tutorials_NNS  so_RG  unrewarding_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  resolved_VVD  to_TO  absent_VV0  himself_PPX1  from_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  days_NNS  when_CS Wesley_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  give_VV0  up_RP  some_DD  hours_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  either_LE  at_IO  ten_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  mornings_NNS  or_CC  two_MC  or_CC  five_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoons_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  ;_;  even_RR  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  and_CC  holy_JJ  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  diaries_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  ,_,  presumably_RR  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  religious_JJ  instruction_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  clear_JJ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  College_NNL1  tutor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  teach_VV0  outside_IO  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  where_CS he_PPHO1  presided_VVD  over_IO  disputations_NNS  or_CC  commented_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  Greek_JJ  testament_NN  .  
  fortunately_RR  John_NP  Wesley_NP  has_VHZ  himself_PPX1  left_VBN  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1730_MC  he_PPHO1  instructed_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  Virgil's_PPIO2  Aeneid_NP  ,_,  Terence's_PPIO2  plays_NNS  ,_,  Horace's_PPIO2  poems_NNS  ,_,  Juvenal's_PPIO2  satires_NNS  ,_,  Phaedrus_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Anacreon_NP  .  
  in_IO  English_NN1  they_PPHS2  studied_VVD  Richard_NP  Lucas'_PPIO2  enquiry_NN  after_IO  happiness_NN  ,_,  Norris'_PPIO2  sermons_NNS  ,_,  Stephen's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  and_CC  half_DB  of_IO  John_NP  Ellis'_PPIO2  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thirty-nine_MC  articles_NNS  .  
  next_DA  year_NN  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  gentleman_NN  instructed_VBN  and_CC  Charles_NP  Wheatley's_PPIO2  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  man's_NN1$  companion_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  pupil_NN  .  
  with_IO  another_DD1  he_PPHO1  perused_VVD  Atterbury's_PPIO2  sermons_NNS  and_CC  Edward_NP  Welchman's_PPIO2  articuli_&FW  39_&FW  ecclesiae_&FW  Anglicanae_&FW  .  
  with_IO  another_DD1  he_PPHO1  ended_VVD  Cicero's_PPIO2  de_&FW  natura_&FW  deorum_&FW  and_CC  read_VVD  his_APP$  Tusculan_JJ  disputations_NNS  .  
  with_IO  another_DD1  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  Aldrich's_PPIO2  logic_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  so_RG  little_DA  effect_NN  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  finished_VBN  it_PPH1  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  all_RR  over_RP  again_RR  .  
  finally_RR  a_AT1  fifth_MD  pupil_NN  read_VVD  the_AT1  plays_NNS  of_IO  Terence_NP  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Aldrich_NP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  evidently_RR  acquired_VBN  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  reputation_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  tutor_NN  in_IO  logic_NN  as_CS  three_MC  young_JJ  graduates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  ,_,  William_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  George_NP  Bulman_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Frederick_NP  Williams_NP  were_VBDR  given_VBN  tuition_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ubiquitous_JJ  Aldrich_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  pupils'_NN2  intellectual_JJ  problems_NNS  seriously_RR  ,_,  correcting_VBG  declamations_NNS  for_IO  Edward_NP  Browne_NP  on_IO  22nd_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  Joseph_NP  Leech_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  of_IO  28th_MD  February_NN1  ,_,  1733_MC  ,_,  and_CC  teaching_VBG  Thomas_NP  Greives_NP  an_AT1  hour_NN  later_RRR  that_DD1  same_DA  day_NN  ;_;  earlier_RRR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  some_DD  time_NN  thinking_VBG  out_RP  syllogisms_NNS  for_IO  an_AT1  exercise_NN  in_IO  logic_NN  .  
  on_IO  26th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1732_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  logical_JJ  problem_NN  for_IO  Smith_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  of_IO  1733_MC  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  wearily_RR  that_CS  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  learn_VV0  Hebrew_NN1  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  angry_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  turn_VV0  up_RP  .  
  his_APP$  relationship_NN  with_IO  these_DD2  young_JJ  men_NNS  was_VBDZ  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  teacher_NN  and_CC  pupil_NN  .  
  hitherto_RR  his_APP$  contacts_NNS  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  with_IO  men_NNS  of_IO  comparatively_RR  senior_JJ  status_NN  like_IO  William_NP  Cleaver_NP  ,_,  Matthew_NP  Horbery_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  former_DA  vicar_NN  of_IO  Haxey_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  future_JB  fellow_NN  of_IO  Magdalen_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  neighbour_NN  ,_,  Robert_NP  Pindar_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS matriculated_VVD  as_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  as_IO  1726_MC  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  supervising_VBG  younger_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  just_RR  entered_VBN  the_AT1  College_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  take_VV0  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  obligations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  tutorial_JJ  nature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  with_IO  young_JJ  Joseph_NP  Green_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  Bear_NP  .  
  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  1732_MC  ,_,  after_IO  calling_VBG  on_IO  Benjamin_NP  Holloway_NP  ,_,  son_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rector_NN  of_IO  Middleton_NP  Stoney_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  enter_VV0  the_AT1  college_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  November_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  accompanied_VVD  Richard_NP  Bainbridge_NP  on_IO  an_AT1  expedition_NN  to_IO  Cottisford_NP  and_CC  Rousham_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  later_RRR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  persuade_VV0  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  to_TO  become_VV0  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  club_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  too_RG  strong_JJ  a_AT1  personality_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  his_APP$  religious_JJ  views_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
  his_APP$  diary_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  regularly_RR  invited_VVD  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  to_IO  breakfast_NN  and_CC  prayers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS showed_VVD  any_DD  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  club_NN  were_VBDR  subsequently_RR  brought_VBN  under_IO  close_JJ  supervision_NN  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  discipline_NN  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  book_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  forms_NNS  of_IO  prayers_NNS  for_IO  every_AT1  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  with_IO  preface_NN  and_CC  questions_NNS  for_IO  self-examination_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  and_CC  published_VBN  in_IO  1733_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  increasingly_RR  and_CC  explicably_RR  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  entrust_VV0  Wesley_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  because_IO  of_II  his_APP$  close_JJ  identification_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  holy_JJ  club_NN  .  
  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  1733_MC  ,_,  Wesley_NP  told_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  as_RG  many_DA  pupils_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  required_VVD  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  more_DA  pupils_NNS  after_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  gone_VBN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  glad_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  curacy_NN  near_IO  you_PPY  ;_;  if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  signal_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  to_TO  remain_VV0  here_RL  .    
  there_EX  were_VBDR  in_IO  fact_NN  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  entries_NNS  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  every_AT1  year_NN  .  
  Wesley_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  only_RR  on_IO  intimate_JJ  terms_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  pupils_NNS  and_CC  either_LE  because_IO  of_II  lack_NN  of_IO  time_NN  or_CC  because_CS  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  recruitment_NN  of_IO  impressionable_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  his_APP$  later_JJ  pupils_NNS  were_VBDR  few_DA  .  
  this_DD1  view_NN  is_VBZ  supported_VBN  by_IO  Richard_NP  Morgan's_PPIO2  unfriendly_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  Wesley_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  transferred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  tutor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  ,_,    reckoned_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  tutors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1    ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  whom_WPO  Lord_NNSB1  Lichfield_NP  had_VHD  so_RG  high_JJ  an_AT1  opinion_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  his_APP$  eldest_JJT  son_NN  to_IO  Lincoln_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  ,_,    what_DDQ  few_DA  are_VBR  in_IO  college_NN  (_(  except_IO  one_MC1  gentleman_NN  commoner_NN  and_CC  two_MC  servitors_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wesley's_PPIO2  pupils_NNS  )_)  under_IO  his_APP$  tuition_NN  .    
  if_CS  Morgan_NP  was_VBDZ  correct_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1734_MC  Wesley_NP  had_VHD  ,_,  presumably_RR  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  Morgan_NP  ,_,  only_RR  three_MC  other_DA  pupils_NNS  ,_,  probably_RR  Westley_NP  Hall_NP  (_(  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  commoner_NN  )_)  ,_,  Matthew_NP  Robinson_NP  ,_,  and_CC  either_LE  Joseph_NP  Green_NP  or_CC  Joseph_NP  Leech_NP  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  whom_WPO  were_VBDR  servitors_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  careful_JJ  about_IO  accepting_VBG  Morgan's_PPIO2  statement_NN  without_IO  qualification_NN  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  evidence_NN  would_VM  suggest_VV0  that_CS  Wesley_NP  was_VBDZ  at_RR  least_RR  being_VBG  consulted_VBN  on_IO  tutorial_JJ  matters_NNS  by_IO  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  .  
  his_APP$  residence_NN  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  attracted_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  undergraduates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  .  
  John_NP  Sympson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  servitor_NN  in_IO  1728_MC  ,_,  lived_VVD  in_IO  Gainsborough_NP  ;_;  so_PN1  did_VDD  George_NP  and_CC  Thomas_NP  Hutton_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  local_JJ  lawyer_NN  .  
  Joseph_NP  Green_NP  ,_,  from_IO  Shipton_NP  ,_,  probably_RR  entered_VVD  the_AT1  College_NNL1  as_IO  a_AT1  Bible_NP  clerk_NN  partly_RR  through_IO  Wesley's_PPIO2  support_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  played_VVD  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  admission_NN  of_IO  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  prote*?2ge*?2s_NNS  ,_,  Westley_NP  Hall_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Whitelamb_NP  .  
  Westley_NP  Hall_NP  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  commoner_NN  on_IO  22nd_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1731_MC  ,_,  and_CC  John_NP  Whitelamb_NP  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  servitor_NN  on_IO  10th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1731_MC  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  much_RR  to_IO  Wesley's_PPIO2  satisfaction_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  given_VBN  a_AT1  scholarship_NN  .  
  Hall_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS came_VVD  from_IO  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  related_VBN  through_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  to_IO  John_NP  Westley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  already_RR  an_AT1  undergraduate_NN  at_IO  Lincoln_NP  .  
  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  vicar_NN  of_IO  Imber_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Warminster_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  married_VBN  a_AT1  clothier_NN  ,_,  Francis_NP  Hall_NP  ;_;  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  Robert_NP  ,_,  later_RRR  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  knighted_VBN  in_IO  1744_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lincoln_NP  undergraduate_NN  ;_;  
    my_APP$  first_MD  cousin_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Westley_NP  being_VBG  there_RL  .  John_NP  Wesley_NP  my_APP$  tutor_NN    ,_,  as_CS  Hall_NP  later_RRR  commented_VVD  .  
  John_NP  Whitelamb_NP  ,_,    poor_JJ  starveling_NN  Johnny_NP    ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  humble_JJ  parents_NNS  (_(  his_APP$  father_NN  Robert_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  matriculation_NN  book_NN  as_IO  Robert_NP  ,_,  gentleman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  of_IO  Hatfield_NP  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS lived_VVD  at_IO  Wroot_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  dreary_JJ  village_NN  where_CS Wesley_NP  acted_VVD  as_IO  curate_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  elder_JJ  Wesley_NP  as_IO  his_APP$  amanuensis_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  intelligent_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS entered_VVD  the_AT1  College_NNL1  at_IO  the_AT1  unusually_RR  late_JJ  age_NN  of_IO  twenty-two_MC  ;_;  Wesley_NP  had_VHD  great_JJ  hopes_NNS  of_IO  Whitelamb_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Westley_NP  Hall_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  steadily_RR  to_TO  evaporate_VV0  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  twelve_MC  young_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS entered_VVD  the_AT1  College_NNL1  in_IO  1731_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  eventually_RR  to_TO  repay_VV0  Wesley's_PPIO2  tutorship_NN  most_RBT  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  year_NN  practically_RR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  James_NP  Hervey_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curate_NN  of_IO  Collingtree_NP  .  
  although_CS  Wesley_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  rationing_VBG  time_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  serious_JJ  pursuits_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  neither_LE  withdrew_VVD  from_IO  social_JJ  life_NN  nor_CC  ceased_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  recreations_NNS  of_IO  Oxford_NP  .  
  twice_RR  ,_,  on_IO  10th_MD  March_NN1  and_CC  19th_MD  May_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  dancing_VBG  .  
  genuinely_RR  fond_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  music_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  seized_VVD  such_DA  opportunities_NNS  as_CS  Oxford_NP  then_RL  presented_VVD  ,_,  once_RR  attending_VBG  a_AT1  concert_NN  with_IO  Charles_NP  and_CC  William_NP  Morgan_NP  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  studied_VVD  the_AT1  gavotte_NN  from_IO  Otho_NP  ,_,    non_&FW  e_&FW  si_&FW  vago_&FW  e_&FW  bello_&FW    .  
  he_PPHO1  occasionally_RR  went_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ;_;  on_IO  28th_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  gathered_VVD  walnuts_NNS  .  
  walking_VBG  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  normal_JJ  exercise_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Charles_NP  and_CC  Morgan_NP  ,_,  to_IO  Binsey_NP  ,_,  round_IO  the_AT1  Meadows_NPLS  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  Merton_NP  garden_NN  ,_,  once_RR  with_IO  Wilder_NP  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Grove_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  the_AT1  proud_JJ  possessor_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  horse_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  effect_NN  a_AT1  first_MD  necessity_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  services_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  villages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  of_IO  Oxford_NP  .  *"_*'  
    yesterday_NN1    ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  on_IO  28th_MD  February_NN1  ,_,  1730_MC  ,_,    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  offer_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  curacy_NN  to_TO  continue_VV0  a_AT1  quarter_NN  or_CC  half_DB  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  accepted_VVD  with_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  heart_NN  .  **"_**'    all_DB  officers_NNS  ,_,    growled_VVD  George_NP  from_IO  behind_IO  a_AT1  cow_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  love_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  \0Ag_NN  ,_,  and_CC  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  story_NN  far_RR  removed_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  present_JJ  (_(  as_CS  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  stories_NNS  were_VBDR  )_)  of_IO  how_CS in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  private_NN  in_IO  1916_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  cow_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  householder's_NN1$  door_NN  each_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  milked_VBN  consumed_VVD  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dustbin_NN  .  
  actually_RR  this_DD1  wartime_NN  farming_NN  of_IO  ours_PP$  on_IO  Road_NNL1  Farm_NNL1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  ancient_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  modern_JJ  rib-roller_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  switched_VBN  off_RP  .  
  larks_NNS  sang_VVD  :_:  we_PPIS2  could_VM  hear_VV0  them_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  tractor_NN  stopped_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  bared_VVD  our_APP$  arms_NNS  for_IO  hard_JJ  work_NN  .  
  six_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  swaths_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  turned_VBN  before_IO  dewfall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  four_MC  o'clock_RR  milking_NN  would_VM  deplete_VV0  our_APP$  team_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  longest_JJT  day_NN  .  
  bumblebees_NNS  disturbed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  swaths_NNS  by_IO  our_APP$  rakes_NNS  zigzagged_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  before_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  roses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  buds_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  more_RG  red_JJ  than_CS  pink_JJ  .  
  someone_PN1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  round_NN  gets_VBZ  shorter_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  move_VV0  towards_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .    
  round_IO  and_CC  round_IO  that_DD1  field_NN  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  all_DB  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  that_DD1  hay_NN  intimately_RR  ,_,  every_AT1  ingredient_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  clover_NN  ,_,  rye-grass_NN  ,_,  cocksfoot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  occasional_JJ  pallid_JJ  corpse_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  of_IO  chicory_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  state_NN  belonging_VBG  to_IO  my_APP$  former_DA  unmechanized_JJ  farming_NN  ,_,  of_IO  mental_JJ  stupefaction_NN  induced_VBN  by_IO  repetitive_JJ  manual_JJ  movements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  jumping_JJ  teeth_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  rake_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  to_IO  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  snatched_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  swath_NN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  rolling_VBG  it_PPH1  over_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  wave_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  hay_NN  whispered_VVD  like_IO  surf_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  plenty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  exhaustion_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  former_DA  farming_NN  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  exigencies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  behind_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  horses_NNS  again_RR  ,_,  ploughing_VBG  ,_,  before_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  delivery_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tractor_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  plough_NN  here_RL  in_IO  east_NN1  Suffolk_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  iron_NN  plough_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  wheels_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1    improved_JJ  two-horse_JB  plough_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  reminded_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  old-type_NN  of_IO  kitchen_NN  range_NN  at_IO  Creams_NP  :_:  the_AT1    new_JJ  leader_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  enjoyed_VVD  any_DD  part_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  wartime_NN  farming_NN  so_RG  much_RR  as_CS  ploughing_VBG  the_AT1  stubble_NN  with_IO  Kitty_NP  and_CC  Boxer_NP  ,_,  days_NNS  whose_PNQV$  peace_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  broken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  roar_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  express_JB  train_NN  going_VBG  by_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cutting_NN  beside_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  startled_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  horses_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  used_JJ  to_IO  trains_NNS  since_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  foaled_VBN  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  trains_NNS  :_:  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  the_AT1  time_NN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  also_RR  had_VHD  contract_NN  ploughing_NN  done_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  by_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  \0Ag_NN  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  came_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  crawler_NN  tractor_NN  and_CC  multiple-furrow_JB  plough_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  his_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  farmer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  afternoons_NNS  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  ploughing_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  crawler_NN  tractor_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  horses_NNS  and_CC  ploughed_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  small-holding_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  enjoyed_VVD  that_DD1  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  recreation_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  field_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  ploughed_VVD  so_RG  carefully_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  horses_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  drilled_VVD  with_IO  wheat_NN  by_IO  tractor_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  jobs_NNS  my_APP$  new_JJ  tractor_NN  did_VDD  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  horrible_JJ  day_NN  .  
  fine_JJ  when_CS we_PPIS2  started_VVD  ,_,  drizzle_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  about_RR  two_MC  acres_NNS  ,_,  downpour_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tractor_NN  floundered_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  drill_NN  kept_VVD  gumming_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  mud_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  took_VVD  one_MC1  man_NN  all_DB  his_APP$  time_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  spouts_NNS  clear_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  ended_VVD  soaked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  skin_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  churned_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  morass_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  wheat_NN    oh_UH  those_DD2  beautiful_JJ  straight_JJ  drill-rows_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  1922_MC  Cherry_NP  Tree_NP  Farm_NNL1  !_!  
  how_CS unlike_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS the_AT1  corn_NN  showed_VVD  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  this_DD1  first_MD  field_NN  I_PPIS1  drilled_VVD  of_IO  my_APP$  new_JJ  farm_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  best_JJT  crop_NN  of_IO  wheat_NN  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  grew_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  then_RL  an_AT1  old_JJ  country_NN  saying_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  about_IO  wheat_NN  :_:    sow_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  slop_NN  ,_,  and_CC  reap_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  crop_NN    .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  also_RR  sugar_NN  beet_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  crop_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  grown_VBN  before_II  .  
  a_AT1  gang_NN  of_IO  prisoners_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  hoe_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  hoed_VVD  up_RP  weeds_NNS  industriously_RR  all_DB  morning_NN  .  
  at_IO  midday_NN  a_AT1  pelting_JJ  shower_NN  soaked_VVD  the_AT1  ground_NN  :_:  the_AT1  thirty_MC  men_NNS  moved_VVD  off_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  dinner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  ,_,  every_AT1  foot_NN  ,_,  treading_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  hoed-up_JB  weed_NN  ,_,  planted_VVD  it_PPH1  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  receiving_JJ  earth_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  cows_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  blind_JJ  cow_NN  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Christmas_NP  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  on_IO  Christmas_NP  day_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  discovered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  blind_JJ  until_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  heaps_NNS  of_IO  manure_NN  were_VBDR  placed_VBN  at_IO  intervals_NNS  for_IO  spreading_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  pasture_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  herd_NN  crossed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Christmas_NP  tripped_VVD  over_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  ever_RR  since_IO  then_RL  Christmas_NP  preferred_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  beside_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  detour_NN  from_IO  gate_NN  to_IO  gate_NN  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  she_PPHO1  know_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  walking_VBG  beside_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  that_CS  a_AT1  hedge_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  scent_NN  .  
  or_CC  was_VBDZ  there_EX  a_AT1  sixth_MD  sense_NN  which_DDQ  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  holding_VBG  her_APP$  head_NN  up_RP  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  sideways_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  listening_JJ  attitude_NN  .  
  in_IO  former_DA  days_NNS  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thought_VBN  that_CS  Christmas_NP  ,_,  being_VBG  born_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  august_JJ  hour_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  met_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  blinding_JJ  light_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  vet_NN  said_VVD  ,_,      probably_RR  a_AT1  phosphorous_JJ  deficiency_NN  ,_,    and_CC  one_MC1  had_VHD  to_TO  accept_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  home_NN1  to_IO  milking_NN  ,_,  along_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  lane_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  farmstead_NN  ,_,  Christmas_NP  walked_VVD  last_RR  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  cows_NNS  were_VBDR  purposeful_JJ  ;_;  knowing_VBG  dairy_NN  cake_NN  awaited_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  let_VV0  nothing_PN1  get_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  trotted_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  Christmas_NP  dawdled_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  ,_,  last_DA  ,_,  alone_JJ  ,_,  safe_JJ  from_IO  hustling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  enjoyed_VVD  a_AT1  feast_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  choice_NN  .  
  all_DB  was_VBDZ  safe_JJ  here_RL  ;_;  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  ditches_NNS  to_TO  fall_VV0  into_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  close_RR  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  tall_JJ  hedges_NNS  grew_VVD  with_IO  shoots_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  flavours_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  tips_NNS  of_IO  bramble_NN  and_CC  brier_NN  whose_PNQV$  thorns_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  tender_JJ  :_:  a_AT1  wild_JJ  rose_NN  was_VBDZ  licked_VBN  off_IO  its_APP$  stem_NN  by_IO  that_DD1  muscular_JJ  tongue_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  encompassed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  sweep_NN  a_AT1  dozen_MC  crab-apple_NN  leaves_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  hogweed_NN  ,_,  ground-ash_NN  ,_,  sallow_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  dragged_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  spray_NN  of_IO  hawthorn_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  embushed_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  while_CS  she_PPHO1  tore_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  had_VHD  there_EX  been_VBN  time_NN  enough_DD  ,_,  there_EX  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  nothing_PN1  pleasanter_JJ  than_CS  to_TO  watch_VV0  Christmas_NP  browsing_VBG  ,_,  while_CS  one_MC1  bore_VVD  gently_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  rump_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  coaxing_VBG  her_PPHO1  forward_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  milking_NN  waited_VVD  .  
  yet_RR  this_DD1  pushing_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  calling_VBG  her_PPHO1  by_IO  name_NN  seemed_VVD  only_RR  to_TO  sweeten_VV0  her_APP$  dalliance_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  fear_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  presence_NN  ,_,  by_IO  these_DD2  unhurtful_JJ  urgings_NNS  .  
  some_DD  movement_NN  forward_RR  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  time_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  comply_VV0  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  meantime_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  conversation_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  enjoyed_VVD  her_APP$  banquet_NN  of_IO  leaves_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  grassy_JJ  lane_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  known_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  such_DA  phenomenon_NN  as_IO  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  as_IO  darkness_NN  ,_,  only_RR  hours_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  warmth_NN  beating_VBG  down_RP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  hours_NNS  of_IO  stillness_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cool_JJ  moisture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hoot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  owl_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blackbird_NN  perhaps_RR  indicated_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ    night_NN    and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ    day_NN    .  
  her_APP$  chief_JB  privation_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  follow_VV0  a_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  shade_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  moved_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  to_IO  her_PPHO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  and_CC  elusive_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  coolness_NN  .  
  Christmas_NP  spent_VVD  the_AT1  night_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  loose_JJ  box_NN  by_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  she_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  straight_RR  to_IO  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  milking_NN  shed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  waited_VVD  before_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  steered_VBN  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  once_CS  inside_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  chewing_VBG  the_AT1  cud_NN  and_CC  gazing_VBG  (_(  you_PPY  would_VM  think_VV0  )_)  over_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  wall_NN  like_IO  any_DD  other_DA  cow_NN  .  
  approached_VBN  from_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  turn_VV0  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  face_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  put_VVD  out_RP  your_APP$  hand_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  put_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  head_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  scenting_VBG  its_APP$  approach_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  meadow_NN  pond_NN  to_TO  drink_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  having_VHG  drunk_VBN  forgot_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  turned_VBN  round_RP  ,_,  and_CC  walked_VVD  on_RP  into_IO  deeper_JJ  water_NN  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  flank_NN  she_PPHO1  realized_VVD  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  herself_PPX1  about_RP  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  cows_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  molest_VV0  her_PPHO1  unless_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  confined_JJ  space_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  situation_NN  she_PPHO1  learned_VVD  to_TO  avoid_VV0  .  
  Christmas_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lady_NN  of_IO  pedigree_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  good_JJ  milker_NN  .  
  her_APP$  calvings_NNS  she_PPHO1  managed_VVD  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  although_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  her_APP$  calves_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  occasion_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  anxiety_NN  and_CC  sitting_VBG  up_RP  at_IO  night_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  calved_VVD  by_IO  herself_PPX1  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  interval_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  vigils_NNS  .  
  there_RL  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  calf_NN  lying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  straw_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  lifted_VVD  her_APP$  front_JB  feet_NNS  and_CC  placed_VVD  them_PPHO1  accurately_RR  between_IO  its_APP$  outstretched_JJ  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  lowered_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  licked_VVD  it_PPH1  dry_JJ  all_RR  over_RP  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  world_NN  of_IO  darkness_NN  she_PPHO1  never_RR  injured_VVD  any_DD  of_IO  her_APP$  calves_NNS  :_:  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  unerring_JJ  instinct_NN  where_CS to_TO  tread_VV0  .  
  year_NN  by_IO  year_NN  the_AT1  ploughing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sowing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hoeing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  Italian_JJ  prisoners_NNS  lived_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  opera_NN  act_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  grand_JJ  or_CC  comic_JJ  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  mood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  quaker_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS fancied_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  ear_NN  for_IO  music_NN  ,_,  hoed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  farthest_JJT  possible_JJ  distance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Italians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  their_APP$  caterwauling_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  and_CC  George_NP  Goforth_NP  (_(  whose_PNQV$  children_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  growing_VBG  up_RP  )_)  resolutely_RR  maintaining_VBG  of_IO  every_AT1  new_JJ  machine_NN  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  work_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  proceeding_VBG  to_TO  work_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  even_RR  as_CS  Bill_NP  Mould_NP  many_DA  years_NNS  back_RP  used_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  the_AT1  type_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  change_VV0  much_RR  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  harvesting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Italians_NP2  building_VBG  waggon-loads_NNS  of_IO  sheaves_NNS  ,_,  movable_JJ  stages_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  perpetual_JJ  recitative_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  difficult_JJ  regulations_NNS  about_IO  land_NN  girls_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  to_IO  work_NN  beside_IO  Italians_NP2  ,_,  when_CS all_DB  hands_NNS  were_VBDR  needed_VBN  round_IO  the_AT1  threshing_NN  machine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  threshing_NN  machine_NN  beat_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  rhythm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  day_NN  .  
  straw_NN  bales_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  spasmodic_JJ  caterpillar_NN  were_VBDR  pushed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  baler_NN  up_IO  a_AT1  slanted_JJ  ladder_NN  and_CC  built_VBN  like_IO  blocks_NNS  of_IO  masonry_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  hay_NN  bales_NNS  .  
  similarly_RR  now_RL  there_EX  were_VBDR  for_IO  us_PPIO2   school_NN  trunks_NNS  .  
  three_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  I_PPIS1  loaded_VVD  school_NN  trunks_NNS  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  and_CC  three_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  loaded_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  brought_VVD  them_PPHO1  home_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .  
  essentially_RR  bales_NNS  of_IO  hay_NN  are_VBR  trunks_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  shape_NN  and_CC  weight_NN  ,_,  packed_JJ  trunks_NNS  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  small_JJ  field_NN  I_PPIS1  counted_VVD  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  ninety-six_MC  bales_NNS  .  
  at_IO  six_MC  o'clock_RR  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  Marjorie_NP  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  loaded_VBN  and_CC  unloaded_VBN  more_DA  school_NN  trunks_NNS  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  than_CS  in_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  school_NN  terms_NNS  ,_,  school_NN  trunks_NNS  without_IO  handles_NNS  .    
  bales_NNS  are_VBR  obstinate_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  ungrippable_JJ  ,_,  liable_JJ  suddenly_RR  to_TO  slip_VV0  one_MC1  string_NN  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  thing_NN  turns_VBZ  into_IO  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  dissolving_JJ  accordion_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  arms_NNS  .  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  thatching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  corn_NN  stacks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quaker_NN  showing_VBG  up_RP  suddenly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  thatcher_NN  than_IO  George_NP  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  letting_VBG  the_AT1  fact_NN  be_VB0  overlooked_VBN  .  
  master's_NN1$  tactful_JJ  handling_NN  needed_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  in_RP  between_IO  bouts_NNS  of_IO  getting_VBG  up_RP  steam_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dairy_NN  boiler_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  pleasant_JJ  solitary_JJ  task_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  of_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  second_MD  cut_NN  for_IO  hay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  grew_VVD  shorter_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  given_IO  fine_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  crop_NN  could_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  gathered_VBN  .  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1862_MC  ,_,  as_IO  King_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Belgians_NP2  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  confession_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Archduke_NNSB1  John_NP  :_:  *"_*'  
  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  of_IO  Prussia_NP  has_VHZ  also_RR  written_VBN  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  you_PPY  regret_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  tied_VBN  myself_PPX1  to_IO  Belgium_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  too_RR  sometimes_RR  regret_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  fancy_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  much_DA  good_NN  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  the_AT1  disadvantages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  very_RG  often_RR  gives_VBZ  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  nostalgia_NN  .  
  how_CS strange_JJ  my_APP$  fate_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  since_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  together_RR  in_IO  Brighton_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  Regent_NNSB1  !_!  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  command_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  in_IO  1830_MC  ,_,  many_DA  things_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  happened_VBN  differently_RR  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  happen_VV0  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  wisely_RR  controlled_VBN  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  for_IO  personal_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  Leopold_NP  declared_VVD  that_CS  only_RR  Greek_JJ  interests_NNS  had_VHD  inspired_VBN  his_APP$  refusal_NN  of_IO  Greece_NP  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  understandable_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1    corrected_VVD    Gervinus_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  throne_NN  of_IO  Greece_NP  was_VBDZ  again_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  considering_VBG  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  Coburg_NP  nephew_NN  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  since_CS  William_NP  4_MC  had_VHD  lived_VBN  to_IO  1837_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  ridiculous_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  1830_MC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  quarrelled_VBN  over_IO  his_APP$  corpse_NN  .  
  on_IO  May_NN1  21st_MD  ,_,  1830_MC  ,_,  Leopold_NP  declined_VVD  the_AT1  throne_NN  of_IO  Greece_NP  .  
    Leopold_NP    ,_,  snapped_VVD  \0Mme_NNSB1  de_&FW  Lieven_NP  ,_,    has_VHZ  played_VBN  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  pretty_JJ  trick_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  business_NN  .  .  
  who_PNQS  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  what_DDQ  Leopold_NP  has_VHZ  refused_VBN  .    
  Leopold's_PPIO2  hesitations_NNS  and_CC  problems_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  final_JJ  rejection_NN  had_VHD  created_VBN  considerable_JJ  ill-feeling_NN  ;_;  and_CC  Count_NNSB1  Matuszewicz_NP  ,_,  writing_VBG  to_IO  Stockmar_NP  ,_,  declared_VVD  that_CS      Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  arrie*?3re-pense*?2es_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  much_DA  bad_JJ  faith_NN  ,_,  so_RG  much_DA  irresolution_NN  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  rejoice_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  entrusted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  betrayed_VBN  the_AT1  confidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  courts_NNS  .  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  alarm_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  no_AT1  obstacle_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  no_AT1  gesture_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  prove_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  brought_VBN  to_IO  Greece_NP  disgust_NN  ,_,  pusillanimity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  perpetual_JJ  regret_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  abandoned_VBN  his_APP$  so-called_JB  chances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eminent_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  Regent_NNSB1  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  regency_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  will_VM  never_RR  obtain_VV0  ,_,  above_IO  all_DB  now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  crowned_VBN  his_APP$  shame_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  .  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  sovereign_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  damage_NN  to_IO  royalty_NN  .    
  and_CC  this_DD1  scorn_NN  and_CC  anger_NN  were_VBDR  echoed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  correspondent_NN  ,_,  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  memoirs_NNS  of_IO  Baron_NNSB1  Stockmar_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Cologne_NP  :_:  
    what_DDQ  does_VBZ  your_APP$  eminence_NN  say_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Marquis_NNSB1  Peu-a*?3-Peu_NP  ,_,  as_CS  King_NNSB1  George_NP  4_MC  christened_VVD  him_PPHO1  ;_;  instead_RR  of_IO  conquering_VBG  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  completing_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  undertaken_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  withdraws_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  coward_NN  ,_,  and_CC  calculates_VBZ  the_AT1  possible_JJ  chances_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  approaching_JJ  death_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  George_NP  4_MC  may_VM  throw_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  weak_JJ  character_NN  is_VBZ  totally_RR  unfit_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  a_AT1  bold_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  life_NN  .    
  13_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Coburg_NP  coalition_NN  .  
  by_IO  May_NN1  1830_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sadly_RR  evident_JJ  that_CS  George_NP  4_MC  was_VBDZ  dying_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  private_JJ  excesses_NNS  had_VHD  largely_RR  damaged_VBN  his_APP$  reputation_NN  among_IO  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  his_APP$  excesses_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  those_DD2  of_IO  virility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  virtues_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  less_RG  blatant_JJ  ,_,  were_VBDR  very_RG  many_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  civilized_JJ  monarch_NN  that_PNQS England_NP  had_VHD  known_VBN  since_IO  Charles_NP  2_MC  :_:  perhaps_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  since_IO  Elizabeth_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  dedication_NN  of_IO  Emma_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  patronized_VBN  Hoppner_NP  and_CC  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  added_VBN  widely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  collections_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  inspired_VBN  Nash_NP  to_TO  create_VV0  the_AT1  classical_JJ  splendour_NN  of_IO  Regent's_NNSB2  Park_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  conjured_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  Coleridgean_JJ  fantasies_NNS  of_IO  Brighton_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  (_(  with_IO  his_APP$  architect_NN  ,_,  Wyattville_NP  )_)  the_AT1  alterations_NNS  to_IO  Windsor_NP  that_PNQS had_VHD  turned_VBN  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  epitome_NN  of_IO  castles_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  built_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  nonesuch_NN  ,_,  Carlton_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  arbiter_NN  of_IO  fashion_NN  and_CC  of_IO  taste_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  superlative_JJ  figure_NN  ,_,  larger_JJ  than_IO  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  born_JJ  king_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Marquis_NNSB1  Peu-a*?3-Peu_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  king_NN  by_IO  training_NN  and_CC  ambition_NN  ,_,  not_XX  by_IO  nature_NN  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  1830_MC  the_AT1  jackals_NNS  were_VBDR  impatient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  bulky_JJ  ,_,  pathetic_JJ  recluse_NN  to_TO  die_VV0  at_IO  Windsor_NP  ;_;  and_CC  \0Mme_NNSB1  de_&FW  Lieven_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  among_IO  the_AT1  foremost_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  most_RG  delicate_JJ  question_NN    ,_,  so_PN1  she_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  in_IO  eager_JJ  anticipation_NN  ,_,    will_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  provision_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  regency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  Victoria's_PPIO2  minority_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Cumberland_NP  is_VBZ  caballing_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  desires_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  most_RG  probably_RR  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  assigned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Princess's_NNSB2  mother_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  Leopold_NP  who_PNQS will_VM  rule_VV0  .    
  and_CC  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  ambassador's_NN1$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  sharp_JJ  about_IO  Leopold_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  continued_VVD  briskly_RR  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  given_VBN  us_PPIO2   every_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  dissatisfaction_NN  and_CC  complaint_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  conduct_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  Greece_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  English_JJ  government_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  our_APP$  lead_NN  and_CC  to_TO  oppose_VV0  the_AT1  Prince's_NNSB2  pretensions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  prudence_NN  warns_VBZ  us_PPIO2   not_XX  to_TO  take_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  powerful_JJ  some_DD  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  already_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  supporters_NNS  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Creevey_NP  likewise_RR  shot_VVD  a_AT1  barb_NN  which_DDQ  touched_VVD  the_AT1  truth_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kent_NP  thinks_VBZ  her_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  reign_NN  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  on_RP  apace_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  her_APP$  brother_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  use_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  as_IO  versus_II  Cumberland_NP  .  .    
  George_NP  4_MC  was_VBDZ  still_RR  clinging_VBG  to_IO  life_NN  ,_,  William_NP  4_MC  (_(  almost_RR  mad_JJ  with_IO  excitement_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  still_RR  waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  preparations_NNS  continued_VVD  gaily_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  reign_NN  but_IO  one_MC1  .  
    Lord_NNSB1  Durham_NP    ,_,  added_VVD  Creevey_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  now_RL  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  and_CC  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  getting_VBG  up_RP  all_DB  their_APP$  arrangements_NNS  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  reign_NN  .    
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  on_IO  June_NN1  26th_MD  ,_,  1830_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  George_NP  4_MC  came_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  began_VVD  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  ,_,  genial_JJ  Grand_NNSB1  Admiral_NNSB1    the_AT1  most_RG  remarkable_JJ  contrast_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  imagined_VBN  .  
  England_NP  changed_VVD  her_APP$  allegiance_NN  overnight_RR  from_IO  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  sovereign_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  excited_JJ  ,_,  bourgeois_JJ  little_JJ  king_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  accession_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gold-and-lacquer_JB  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Brighton_NP  Pavilion_NNL1  were_VBDR  ended_VBN  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR    ,_,  wrote_VVD  Croly_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  historian_NN  ,_,    few_DA  more_RG  regular_JJ  or_CC  temperate_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  habits_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  King_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  rises_VBZ  early_RR  ,_,  sometimes_RR  at_IO  six_MC  .  .  
  at_IO  dinner_NN  he_PPHO1  restricts_VBZ  himself_PPX1  generally_RR  to_IO  one_MC1  dish_NN  of_IO  plain_JJ  boiled_JJ  or_CC  roasted_JJ  meat_NN  ,_,  drinking_VBG  only_RR  sherry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  in_IO  moderation_NN    never_RR  exceeding_VBG  a_AT1  pint_NN  .    
    a_AT1  quaint_JJ  King_NNSB1  indeed_RGA  !_!    was_VBDZ  \0Mme_NNSB1  de_&FW  Lieven's_PPIO2  acid_JJ  contribution_NN  .  
    a_AT1  bon_&FW  enfant_&FW    with_IO  a_AT1  weak_JJ  head_NN  !_!    
  William_NP  4_MC  was_VBDZ  sixty-four_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  suffered_VVD  from_IO  chronic_JJ  asthma_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  die_VV0  before_IO  May_NN1  24th_MD  ,_,  1837_MC  ;_;  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  if_CS  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  (_(  the_AT1  title_NN  sounded_VVD  well_RR  )_)    if_CS  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  before_IO  her_APP$  eighteenth_MD  birthday_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  regency_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  move_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  now_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  chess-board_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Leopold_NP  of_IO  Coburg_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  Prince_NNSB1  Regent_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  :_:  Regent_NNSB1  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  everything_PN1  but_IO  name_NN  .  
  the_AT1  accession_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  regency_NN  now_RL  became_VVD  quite_RR  as_RG  important_JJ  as_IO  Victoria's_PPIO2  accession_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  candidates_NNS  canvassed_VVD  for_IO  it_PPH1  almost_RR  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  canvassing_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  election_NN  .  
    Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  getting_VBG  popularity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  provinces_NNS  ,_,    snapped_VVD  Dorothea_NP  de_&FW  Lieven_NP  in_IO  September_NN1  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  much_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  regency_NN  question_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  long_JJ  talk_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  ministry_NN  wish_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  pass_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  .  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  death_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  England_NP  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Cumberland_NP  ,_,    finished_VVD  Dorothea_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  and_CC  puts_VBZ  forward_RR  no_AT1  claim_NN  ,_,  clearly_RR  seeing_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  useless_JJ  .    
  and_CC  for_RR  once_RR  Dorothea_NP  de_&FW  Lieven_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  exaggerate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Cumberland_NP  knew_VVD  quite_RR  well_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  unpopular_JJ  royal_JJ  brother_NN  .  
  the_AT1  others_DA2  might_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  eccentric_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  credited_VBN  with_IO  murder_NN  ,_,  incest_NN  and_CC  homosexuality_NN  .  
  cartoons_NNS  (_(  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  rough_JJ  and_CC  ribald_JJ  )_)  did_VDD  not_XX  spare_VV0  him_PPHO1  :_:  Cumberland_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  villain_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  if_CS  his_APP$  niece_NN  became_VVD  Queen_NNSB1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  receive_VV0  a_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  succeed_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  Hanover_NP  .  
  so_RR  Queen_NNSB1  Adelaide_NP  patiently_RR  continued_VVD  her_APP$  carpet-work_NN  at_IO  Windsor_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sailor_NN  King_NNSB1  ,_,  understandably_RR  disconcerted_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  his_APP$  death_NN  discussed_VBN  before_IO  his_APP$  coronation_NN  ,_,  continued_VVD  to_TO  rule_VV0  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  propose_VV0  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  regency_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kent_NP  (_(    the_AT1  Swiss_JJ  governess_NN    ,_,  George_NP  4_MC  had_VHD  called_VBN  her_PPHO1  )_)  ,_,  buxom_JJ  and_CC  domineering_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  Leiningen_NP  regency_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ    courted_VBN  and_CC  sought_VBN  after_IO  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  already_RR  Regent_NNSB1    ,_,  and_CC  Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  ,_,  noted_VVD  \0Mme_NNSB1  de_&FW  Lieven_NP  ,_,    takes_VBZ  a_AT1  gloomy_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  royal_JJ  princes_NNS  are_VBR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Wellington_NP  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  is_VBZ  alone_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  determination_NN  to_TO  support_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  victor_NN  of_IO  Waterloo_NP  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  alarm_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  spirited_JJ  opponents_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  Coburgs_NP2  needed_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  constant_JJ  campaign_NN  .  
    Prince_NNSB1  Leopold_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  sister_NN    ,_,  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  usual_JJ  observer_NN  ,_,  late_RR  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,    are_VBR  exploring_VBG  the_AT1  provinces_NNS  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  popularity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  prince_NN  assumes_VBZ  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  presumptive_JJ  heir_NN  .  
  the_AT1  regency_NN  question_NN  will_VM  in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  be_VB0  decided_VBN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  .  .    
  and_CC  since_CS  Dorothea_NP  never_RR  took_VVD  her_APP$  piercing_JJ  eyes_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  Coburg_NP  coalition_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  reported_VVD  again_RR  on_IO  October_NN1  25th_MD  :_:  
    the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  brother_NN  hold_VV0  themselves_PPX2  very_RG  high_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  throne_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  theirs_PP$  tomorrow_NN1    and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  unpleasant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  .  
  Leopold_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  show_VV0  himself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  works_VBZ  silently_RR  underground_RR  .    
  the_AT1  regency_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1830_MC  settled_VVD  ,_,  finally_RR  ,_,  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  were_VBDR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  child_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  died_VVD  before_IO  its_APP$  majority_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  should_VM  act_VV0  as_IO  its_APP$  guardian_NN  and_CC  as_IO  regent_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  childless_JJ  and_CC  Victoria_NP  ascended_VVD  the_AT1  throne_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  uncle's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Kent_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  her_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  guardian_NN  and_CC  act_VV0  as_IO  regent_NN  during_IO  her_APP$  minority_NN  .  
  most_RG  fortunately_RR  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  fate_NN  took_VVD  a_AT1  hand_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  chess_NN  game_NN  .  
  in_IO  September_NN1  1830_MC  revolution_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  Brussels_NP  .  
  14_MC  .  
  Leopold_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Belgians_NP2  .  
  on_IO  July_NN1  29th_MD  ,_,  revolution_NN  had_VHD  burst_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  Charles_NP  10_MC  had_VHD  fled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Louis-Philippe_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ex-Duc_NNSB1  d'Orle*?2ans_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  exile_NN  of_IO  Twickenham_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  crown_NN    from_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS    .  
  events_NNS  in_IO  France_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  immediate_JJ  repercussions_NNS  on_IO  Belgium_NP  :_:  the_AT1  repercussions_NNS  which_DDQ  Leopold_NP  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  every_AT1  student_NN  of_IO  history_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  expected_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1792_MC  the_AT1  victory_NN  of_IO  Jemappes_NP  had_VHD  put_VBN  Belgium_NP  into_IO  French_JJ  hands_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  French_JJ  ideas_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  imposed_VBN  with_IO  effect_NN  .  
  division_NN  into_IO  departments_NNS  ,_,  centralization_NN  of_IO  government_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Code_&FW  Napole*?2on_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scheldt_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  done_VBN  much_DA  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  Belgium_NP  ;_;  and_CC  freedom_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  and_CC  civic_JJ  equality_NN  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  old_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nobles'_NN2  supremacy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  French_JJ  party_NN  formed_VVD  in_IO  Belgium_NP  ;_;  and_CC  its_APP$  influence_NN  only_RR  weakened_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  continental_JJ  blockade_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  weigh_VV0  heavily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  in_IO  1815_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  congress_NN  of_IO  Vienna_NP  united_VVD  the_AT1  Belgians_NP2  with_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_NP2  (_(  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  detested_VVD  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  France_NP  grew_VVD  strong_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS William_NP  1_MC1  of_IO  Holland_NP  attempted_VVD  to_TO  amalgamate_VV0  his_APP$  two_MC  peoples_NNS  ,_,  Belgium_NP  thought_VVD  only_RR  of_IO  separating_VBG  from_IO  Holland_NP  and_CC  rejoining_VBG  France_NP  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  revolution_NN  in_IO  July_NN1  1830_MC  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  immediate_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  July_NN1  days_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  were_VBDR  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  August_NN1  days_NNS  in_IO  Brussels_NP  .  
  on_IO  August_NN1  24th_MD  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Brussels_NP  opera_NN  House_NNL1  ,_,  Auber's_PPIO2  Masaniello_NP  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  performed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  Neapolitan_JJ  rising_NN  against_IO  Spain_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  revolution_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  tenor_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0  his_APP$  famous_JJ  aria_NN  ,_,    des_&FW  armes_&FW  ,_,  des_&FW  flambeaux_&FW  !_!    the_AT1  audience_NN  swept_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  drunk_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  message_NN  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  night_NN  .  
  Brussels_NP  was_VBDZ  pillaged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  revolution_NN  had_VHD  begun_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  spontaneous_JJ  movement_NN  spread_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  provinces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  took_VVD  King_NNSB1  William_NP  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  organize_VV0  forces_NNS  to_TO  crush_VV0  the_AT1  rebellion_NN  .  
  late_RR  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  national_JJ  congress_NN  voted_VVD  the_AT1  separation_NN  of_IO  Belgium_NP  from_IO  Holland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  October_NN1  it_PPH1  declared_VVD  Belgium_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  independent_JJ  state_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  quite_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  shake_VV0  my_APP$  feelings_NNS  free_JJ  from_IO  beliefs_NNS  which_DDQ  my_APP$  reason_NN  had_VHD  rejected_VBN  .  
  fortunately_RR  for_IO  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  unusually_RR  liberal-minded_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  recall_VV0  her_PPHO1  ever_RR  attempting_VBG  to_TO  implant_VV0  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  rigid_JJ  doctrine_NN  or_CC  fearful_JJ  religious_JJ  truth_NN  into_IO  her_APP$  children's_NN2  minds_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  aim_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  peculiar_JJ  views_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  grow_VV0  up_RP  mildly_RR  orthodox_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  age_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  discard_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  or_CC  as_RG  little_DA  of_IO  conventional_JJ  religion_NN  as_CS  might_VM  suit_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  sceptic_NN  and_CC  certainly_RR  my_APP$  maternal_JJ  grandfather_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  convinced_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  agnosticism_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Huxley_NP  called_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  respectable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  welcomed_VVD  that_DD1  mental_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  free_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  for_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  surprising_JJ  that_CS  presently_RR  I_PPIS1  earned_VVD  the_AT1  family_NN  nickname_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    the_AT1  youngest_JJT  infallible_JJ    ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  answers_NNS  though_CS  not_XX  ,_,  as_RR  yet_RR  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  came_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  later_RRR  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  because_IO  of_II  my_APP$  secret_JJ  ambitions_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  curious_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  eminent_JJ  people_NNS  looked_VVD  like_IO  .  
  at_IO  Clifton_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  often_RR  seen_VBN  the_AT1  immortal_JJ  \0W_NP  \0G_NP  Grace_NP  watching_VBG  his_APP$  son_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  wicket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  like_IO  other_DA  boys_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  stared_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  bearded_JJ  celebrity_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  even_RR  having_VHG  the_AT1  privilege_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  him_PPHO1  play_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  and_CC  smiting_VBG  the_AT1  ball_NN  for_IO  six_MC  .  
  a_AT1  heavenly_JJ  spectacle_NN  !_!  
  at_IO  University_NNL1  College_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  discoverer_NN  of_IO  argon_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Ramsay_NP  ,_,  looked_VVD  disappointingly_RR  ordinary_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  often_RR  given_VBN  tickets_NNS  to_IO  soire*?2es_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  geographical_JJ  society_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  could_VM  feast_VV0  our_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  great_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  hear_VV0  them_PPHO1  talk_VV0  ;_;  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Crookes_NP  lecturing_VBG  on_IO  those_DD2  magical_JJ  tubes_NNS  of_IO  his_PP$  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  X-rays_NNS  ,_,  Stanley_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  African_JJ  explorations_NNS  ,_,  Nansen_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  ship_NN  the_AT1  Fram_NP  ,_,  George_NP  Nathaniel_NP  Curzon_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  just_RR  explored_VBN  the_AT1  Pamirs_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  famous_JJ  then_RL  but_CCB  now_RL  forgotten_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  these_DD2  celebrities_NNS  were_VBDR  much_RR  like_IO  ordinary_JJ  folk_NNS  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  ;_;  why_CS should_VM  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  become_VV0  one_MC1  too_RR  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  1896_MC  my_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  visiting_VBG  her_APP$  sisters_NNS  in_IO  New_NP  Zealand_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  a_AT1  boarder_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  relative's_NN1$  family_NN  in_IO  Hampstead_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  uncongenial_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  desperately_RR  unhappy_JJ  there_RL  ,_,  living_VBG  in_IO  mental_JJ  solitude_NN  without_IO  friends_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  .  
  on_IO  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  return_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  a_AT1  much_RR  brighter_JJ  prospect_NN  opened_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Cambridge_NP  and_CC  there_RL  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  start_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  non-collegiate_JJ  student_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  ultimately_RR  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  my_APP$  medical_JJ  degree_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  2_MC  .  
  Cambridge_NP  .  
  the_AT1  medical_JJ  student_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  natural_JJ  science_NN  tripos_NN  (_(  in_IO  anatomy_NN  and_CC  physiology_NN  )_)  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  training_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  those_DD2  three_MC  years_NNS  my_APP$  chief_JB  interests_NNS  lay_VVD  in_IO  other_DA  directions_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  worked_VVD  hard_RR  at_IO  studying_VBG  dramatic_JJ  technique_NN  and_CC  in_IO  seeing_VBG  plays_NNS  whenever_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  theological_JJ  and_CC  philosophical_JJ  works_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  read_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  problems_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  with_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS would_VM  listen_VV0  .  
  at_IO  eighteen_MC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  and_CC  to_TO  arrange_VV0  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  to_IO  one's_$  own_DA  satisfaction_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  among_IO  undergraduates_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  so_RG  often_RR  some_DD  whose_PNQV$  minds_NNS  are_VBR  fixed_VBN  in_IO  error_NN  ,_,  evidently_RR  afflicted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sin_NN  of_IO  invincible_JJ  ignorance_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  is_VBZ  oneself_PPX1  happily_RR  free_JJ  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  stage_NN  in_IO  self-education_NN  where_CS questions_NNS  become_VV0  more_RG  exciting_JJ  than_IO  answers_NNS  .  
  sermons_NNS  by_IO  eminent_JJ  divines_NNS  ,_,  preaching_VBG  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  in_IO  Great_NP  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  ,_,  provided_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  abundant_JJ  specimens_NNS  of_IO  theological_JJ  conundrums_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  instructive_JJ  too_RR  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  political_JJ  career_NN  ,_,  to_TO  hear_VV0  examples_NNS  of_IO  oratory_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  Father_NNSB1  Maturin_NP  the_AT1  most_RG  remarkable_JJ  and_CC  Bishop_NNSB1  Gore_NP  the_AT1  most_RG  profound_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  also_RR  heard_VVD  Bishop_NNSB1  Temple_NP  (_(  the_AT1  great_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  less_DA  )_)  ,_,  Archdeacon_NNSB1  Farrar_NP  (_(  of_IO  Eric_NP  or_CC  little_RR  by_IO  little_RR  )_)  ,_,  Mandel_NP  Creighton_NP  ,_,  Scott_NP  Holland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  who_PNQS figured_VVD  largely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  ecclesiastical_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineties_MC2  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  :_:  *"_*'    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  door_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  no_AT1  key_NN  :_:  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  veil_NN  past_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  .  **"_**'  
  among_IO  undergraduates_NNS  my_APP$  greatest_JJT  friend_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  theological_JJ  student_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  argued_VVD  interminably_RR  many_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  evening_NN  ;_;  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  whatever_DDQ  in_IO  common_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  remained_VVD  intimate_JJ  friends_NNS  for_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  age_NN  when_CS sexual_JJ  questions_NNS  pester_VV0  the_AT1  imagination_NN  and_CC  supply_VV0  undergraduates_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  absorbing_JJ  topic_NN  for_IO  discussion_NN  .  
  nature_NN  demands_VBZ  information_NN  .  
  how_CS to_TO  obtain_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  one_MC1  heard_VVD  vaguely_RR  that_CS    they_PPHS2  order_VV0  this_DD1  matter_NN  better_RRR  in_IO  France_NP    ,_,  but_CCB  aesthetic_JJ  principles_NNS  coupled_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  puritanical_JJ  shyness_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  case_NN  ,_,  forbade_VVD  practical_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  happily_RR  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  available_JJ  ,_,  namely_RR  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  literature_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  commonly_RR  condemned_VBN  as_CS    improper_JJ    ,_,    pornographic_JJ    or_CC    obscene_JJ    .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  amazed_VBN  to_TO  recall_VV0  how_CS mild_JJ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  books_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  nineties_MC2  ,_,  served_VVD  to_TO  provoke_VV0  a_AT1  young_JJ  man's_NN1$  furtive_JJ  blush_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  Decameron_NP  ,_,  contes_&FW  drolatiques_&FW  and_CC  Zola's_PPIO2  novels_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  atrocious_JJ  translations_NNS  ;_;  Oscar_NP  Wilde's_PPIO2  Dorian_NP  Grey_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  would_VM  today_NN1  make_VV0  schoolgirls_NNS  yawn_VV0  .  
  doubtless_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  modern_JJ  equivalents_NNS  which_DDQ  serve_VV0  youth_NN  equally_RR  well_RR  as_IO  psychological_JJ  sedatives_NNS  ,_,  satisfying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  those_DD2  unruly_JJ  impulses_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  otherwise_RR  interfere_VV0  with_IO  scholarship_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  not_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  remind_VV0  myself_PPX1  that_CS  among_IO  other_DA  subjects_NNS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  I_PPIS1  studied_VVD  anatomy_NN  and_CC  physiology_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  preliminary_JJ  stage_NN  to_IO  medicine_NN  and_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  exercise_NN  in_IO  viewing_VBG  the_AT1  naked_JJ  truth_NN  without_IO  flinching_VBG  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  mind_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  curiously_RR  distasteful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  among_IO  us_PPIO2   students_NNS  to_TO  attend_VV0  Addenbrooke's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  to_TO  watch_VV0  operations_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  hardening_JJ  process_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  this_DD1  had_VHD  the_AT1  drawback_NN  that_CS  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  an_AT1  operation_NN  had_VHD  started_VBN  I_PPIS1  fainted_VVD  ;_;  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  suggestion_NN    or_CC  the_AT1  dislike_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  naked_JJ  truth_NN    was_VBDZ  such_DA  that_CS  eventually_RR  I_PPIS1  even_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  faint_VV0  as_CS  I_PPIS1  entered_VVD  the_AT1  hospital_NN  gates_NNS  .  
  clearly_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  abandon_VV0  all_DB  hopes_NNS  of_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  or_CC  was_VBDZ  there_EX  a_AT1  cure_NN  .  
  making_VBG  one_MC1  more_DA  attempt_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  vowed_VVD  should_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  early_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  torture_NN  chamber_NN  ,_,  sat_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  row_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  escape_NN  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  spent_VVD  the_AT1  morning_NN  fainting_VBG  and_CC  coming_VBG  round_RP  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  again_RR  .  
  that_DD1  effectively_RR  cured_VVD  me_PPIO1  ;_;  it_PPH1  also_RR  taught_VVD  a_AT1  useful_JJ  lesson_NN  ,_,  applicable_JJ  to_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  non-collegiate_JJ  student_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  meeting_VBG  a_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  other_DA  undergraduates_NNS  much_RR  more_RG  varied_JJ  than_CS  at_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  colleges_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  men_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  ages_NNS  ,_,  creeds_NNS  and_CC  races_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  recall_VV0  a_AT1  room_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  fourteen_MC  in_IO  number_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  nation_NN  ,_,  all_DB  jabbering_VBG  English_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  happened_VVD  to_TO  mention_VV0  how_CS some_DD  English_JJ  families_NNS  boast_VV0  of_IO  Norman_JJ  blood_NN  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  Greek_NN1  claimed_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  a_AT1  much_RR  longer_JJ  descent_NN  and_CC  then_RL  among_IO  those_DD2  from_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  the_AT1    bidding_NN    rose_VVD  by_IO  thousands_MC2  ,_,  until_CS  an_AT1  Icelander_NN1  capped_VVD  all_DB  by_IO  claiming_VBG  direct_RR  lineal_JJ  descent_NN  from_IO  Odin_NP  .  
  evidently_RR  Norman_JJ  blood_NN  is_VBZ  mere_JB  vin_&FW  ordinaire_&FW  .  
  I_PPIS1  seized_VVD  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  afforded_VBN  by_IO  Cambridge_NP  of_IO  starting_VBG  to_TO  collect_VV0  books_NNS  ;_;  I_PPIS1  still_RR  have_VH0  my_APP$  eighteenth-century_JB  editions_NNS  of_IO  Swift_NP  ,_,  Pope_NP  ,_,  Hudibras_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  spectator_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  in_IO  1897_MC  off_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  David's_PPIO2  famous_JJ  stall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Market_NNL1  Place_NNL1  .  
  whilst_CS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taught_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  mother_NN  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  Gothic_JJ  architecture_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  subject_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  much_RR  studied_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  vac_NN  we_PPIS2  visited_VVD  the_AT1  glories_NNS  of_IO  Normandy_NP  .  
  from_IO  her_PPHO1  too_RR  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  learn_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  pictures_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Italian_JJ  masters_NNS  .  
  names_NNS  like_IO  Fra_NP  Angelico_NP  and_CC  Filippo_NP  Lippi_NP  and_CC  Botticelli_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  significance_NN  ,_,  filling_VBG  a_AT1  gap_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  raw_JJ  sceptical_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  much_RR  whether_CS  a_AT1  legend_NN  is_VBZ  true_JJ  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  beautiful_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  properly_RR  trained_JJ  aesthetic_JJ  sensibility_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  more_RG  reliable_JJ  guide_NN  in_IO  life_NN  than_IO  any_DD  system_NN  of_IO  theological_JJ  dogmas_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  admit_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  might_VM  not_XX  apply_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  people_NNS  .  
  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  aesthetics_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  civilized_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  guidance_NN  than_IO  theology_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  develop_VV0  aesthetic_JJ  tastes_NNS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  familiarize_VV0  oneself_PPX1  with_IO  as_RG  many_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  how_CS in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  could_VM  one_MC1  do_VD0  all_DB  this_DD1  if_CS  one_MC1  had_VHD  to_TO  waste_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  time_NN  learning_VBG  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  how_CS much_RR  easier_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  belong_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  puritanical_JJ  sect_NN  that_PNQS stifles_VBZ  all_DB  expressions_NNS  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  hates_VBZ  arts_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sole_JB  possessor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  key_NN  which_DDQ  unlocks_VBZ  the_AT1  heavenly_JJ  gates_NNS  !_!  
  how_CS simple_JJ  just_RR  to_TO  worship_VV0  ugliness_NN  and_CC  call_VV0  it_PPH1  God_NP  !_!  
  but_CCB  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  science_NN  and_CC  art_NN  were_VBDR  making_VBG  rival_JJ  demands_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  thoughts_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  while_CS  art_NN  added_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  joy_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  science_NN  added_VVD  only_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  comforts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  common_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  look_VV0  back_RP  later_RRR  in_IO  life_NN  and_CC  to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  valuable_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  gifts_NNS  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  from_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  case_NN  certainly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  keener_JJ  appreciation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  ranging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  van_&FW  Eyck_NP  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  Professor_NNSB1  Waldstein_NP  expound_VV0  in_IO  lectures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Fitzwilliam_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Colleges_NPLS  .  
  make_VV0  your_APP$  way_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  Backs_NP2  on_IO  a_AT1  May_NN1  morning_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Wilderness_NP  ,_,  penetrate_VV0  passages_NNS  and_CC  archways_NNS  ,_,  cross_VV0  bridges_NNS  and_CC  gaze_VV0  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  Great_NP  Court_NNL1  of_IO  Trinity_NP  :_:  this_DD1  ,_,  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  education_NN  means_VBZ  ,_,  real_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  for_CS  through_IO  appreciating_VBG  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  you_PPY  come_VV0  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  .  
  chapter_NN  3_MC  .  
  Bart's_PPIO2  .  
  after_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  entered_VVD  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Bartholomew's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1900_MC  .  
  my_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  so_RG  fortunate_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  have_VH0  as_IO  a_AT1  neighbour_NN  the_AT1  late_JJ  \0J_NP  \0W_NP  Allen_NP  ,_,  lecturer_NN  (_(  later_RRR  Professor_NNSB1  )_)  in_IO  history_NN  at_IO  Bedford_NP  College_NNL1  for_IO  women_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  supplied_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  most_RBT  required_VVD  at_IO  that_DD1  phase_NN  of_IO  development_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  a_AT1  guide_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  reading_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  admirable_JJ  critic_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  attempts_NNS  to_TO  write_VV0  plays_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  enormous_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  recall_VV0  his_APP$  lending_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  one_MC1  evening_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  poems_NNS  of_IO  \0D_NP  \0G_NP  Rossetti_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  up_RP  all_DB  night_NN  until_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  read_VBN  the_AT1  volume_NN  from_IO  cover_NN  to_IO  cover_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  read_VBN  any_DD  of_IO  it_PPH1  since_II  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  that_DD1  night_NN  an_AT1  exhilarating_JJ  shock_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  sensibilities_NNS  in_IO  appreciating_VBG  the_AT1  strange_JJ  beauty_NN  words_NNS  can_VM  present_VV0  when_CS arranged_VBN  in_IO  particular_JJ  patterns_NNS  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  taste_NN  for_IO  literature_NN  one_MC1  happened_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  grown_VBN  up_RP  about_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  almost_RR  certainly_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  conscious_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  quality_NN  called_VBN    style_NN    .  
  for_CS  then_RL  books_NNS  were_VBDR  admired_VBN  chiefly_RR  for_IO  their_APP$    style_NN    and_CC  writers_NNS  laboured_VVD  in_IO  pursuit_NN  of_IO  le_&FW  mot_&FW  juste_&FW  .  
  as_CS  you_PPY  read_VVD  those_DD2  slender_JJ  greenish_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pseudonym_NN  Library_NNL1  ,_,  pausing_VBG  to_TO  discover_VV0  the_AT1  peculiar_JJ  merits_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  emotions_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  moral_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  felt_VVD  that_CS  however_CS obscure_VV0  the_AT1  meaning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  style_NN  was_VBDZ  superb_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  yellow_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  veritable_JJ  storehouse_NN  of_IO  literary_JJ  style_NN  and_CC  if_CS  one_MC1  were_VBDR  in_IO  doubt_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  word_NN  implied_VVD  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Walter_NP  Pater's_PPIO2  essay_NN  on_IO  style_NN  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  literary_JJ    class_NN  distinction_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  superior_JJ  quality_NN  which_DDQ  only_RR  the_AT1  select_JJ  were_VBDR  capable_JJ  of_IO  appreciating_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  matter_NN  presented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  so_RG  much_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  that_PNQS counted_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  learnt_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO    master_NN  words_NNS    round_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  author_NN  like_IO  Stevenson_NP  would_VM  build_VV0  significant_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  to_TO  admire_VV0  those_DD2  splashes_NNS  of_IO  colour_NN  that_PNQS were_VBDR  almost_RR  purple_JJ  .  
  how_CS gratifying_JJ  to_IO  one's_$  self-esteem_NN  to_TO  patronize_VV0  an_AT1  art_NN  so_RG  exclusive_JJ  !_!  
  but_CCB  alas_UH  !_!    already_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  Edwardian_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  hoofs_NNS  of_IO  democracy_NN  were_VBDR  trampling_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  flower_NN  beds_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  plebeian_JJ  mode_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  demand_NN  and_CC  authors_NNS  proclaimed_VVD  their_APP$  views_NNS  in_IO  loud_JJ  ,_,  level_JJ  tones_NNS  .  
  about_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  experienced_VVD  another_DD1  shock_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  Romney's_PPIO2  portraits_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Hamilton_NP  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  really_RR  looked_VBN  as_RG  beautiful_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  ;_;  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  trick_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  ,_,  watching_VBG  that_DD1  magical_JJ  creature_NN  casting_VBG  a_AT1  spell_NN  over_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  extraordinarily_RR  exhilarating_VBG  ;_;  but_CCB  later_RRR  came_VVD  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  realizing_VBG  that_CS  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  knock-out_NN  blow_NN  might_VM  happen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  real_JJ  life_NN  some_DD  day_NN  .  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  about_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  our_APP$  daily_JJ  scripture_NN  lessons_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  Europe_NP  a_AT1  very_RG  accommodating_JJ  continent_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  easily_RR  recognized_JJ  Italy_NP    boot_NN    ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  pink_JJ  Russia_NP  taking_VBG  up_RP  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  ,_,  where_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  only_RR  required_VBN  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  and_CC  perhaps_RR  Moscow_NP  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  Grecian_JJ  urn_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  or_CC  needed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  nearer_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  then_RL  prejudice_NN  and_CC  patriotism_NN  had_VHD  their_APP$  stubborn_JJ  way_NN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO  England_NP  to_TO  spread_VV0  her_APP$  patchwork_NN  quilt_NN  of_IO  counties_NNS  before_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  viewed_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  unsympathetic_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  unroll_VV0  the_AT1  map_NN  of_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  was_VBDZ  geography_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  what_DDQ  could_VM  a_AT1  whole_JJ  wilderness_NN  of_IO  maps_NNS  display_VV0  that_DD1  could_VM  beat_VV0  this_DD1  land_NN  of_IO  ours_PP$  .  
  look_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  pink_JJ  Argyll_NP  ,_,  all_RR  broken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  long_JJ  strips_NNS  of_IO  blue_JJ  sea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lovely_JJ  islands_NNS  with_IO  romantic_JJ  Highland_NP  names_NNS  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  to_IO  Skye_NP  with_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Charlie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  Iona_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  long-ago_JB  saint_NN  built_VVD  a_AT1  shrine_NN  and_CC  raised_VVD  a_AT1  cross_NN  .  
  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Edinburgh_NP  .  
  and_CC  here_RL  were_VBDR  we_PPIS2  ,_,  actually_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  street_NN  in_IO  Edinburgh_NP  !_!  
  gleefully_RR  we_PPIS2  pointed_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  Firth_NNL1  of_IO  Forth_NP  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  all_DB  bathed_VBN  and_CC  paddled_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  villages_NNS  on_IO  its_APP$  coast_NN  .  
  North_NP  Berwick_NP  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Bass_NP  Rock_NNL1  and_CC  Tantallon_NP  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  over_RP  in_IO  Fife_NP  ,_,  Aberdour_NP  ,_,  its_APP$  woods_NNS  lovely_JJ  in_IO  Maytime_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  blue_NN  of_IO  wild_JJ  hyacinths_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Largo_NP  ,_,  where_CS Robinson_NP  Crusoe_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  ,_,  Elie_NP  ,_,  with_IO  Macduff's_PPIO2  cave_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rubies_NNS  on_IO  Ruby_NP  Beach_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  grey_JJ  \0St_NNSB1  Andrews_NP  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  links_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  castle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  echoes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  long-ago_JB  lullaby_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  hush_VV0  thee_PPY  ,_,  hush_VV0  thee_PPY  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  fret_VV0  thee_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  black_JJ  Douglas_NP  will_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  thee_PPY  .  **"_**'  
  we_PPIS2  chattered_VVD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  compared_VVD  notes_NNS  on_IO  beaches_NNS  and_CC  sand-castles_NNS  and_CC  spades_NNS  and_CC  shells_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  jelly_NN  fish_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  joined_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   stories_NNS  of_IO  Macduff_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Macbeth_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  black_JJ  Douglas_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Trossachs_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  seen_VBN  Ben_NP  Lomond_NP  ,_,    Ellen's_PPIO2  isle_NN    and_CC  the_AT1    Silver_NP  Strand_NNL1    ,_,  so_CS  when_CS the_AT1  poetry_NN  lesson_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  the_AT1  lady_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  flashed_VVD  into_IO  unforgettable_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  lessons_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  things_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  with_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  person_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  history_NN  .  
  history_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  ,_,  and_CC  easily_RR  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  a_AT1  pageant_NN  of_IO  heroes_NNS  and_CC  splendour_NN  ,_,  of_IO  pity_NN  and_CC  even_RR  tears_NNS  .  
  Scotland_NP  was_VBDZ  of_RR  course_RR  our_APP$  first_MD  love_NN  .  
  her_APP$  history_NN  blazoned_VBN  before_IO  our_APP$  eyes_NNS  the_AT1  bravery_NN  of_IO  Wallace_NP  ,_,  Bruce_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  indomitable_JJ  spider_NN  ,_,  Bannockburn_NP  ,_,  Mary_NP  Queen_NNSB1  of_IO  Scots_NP2  and_CC  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Bonnie_NP  Prince_NNSB1  Charlie_NP  ,_,  with_IO  tartans_NNS  waving_VBG  and_CC  banners_NNS  flying_VBG  .  .  
  little_JJ  Arthur's_PPIO2  England_NP  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   good_JJ  King_NNSB1  Alfred_NP  and_CC  Harold_NP  after_IO  a_AT1  page_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  blue-painted_JJ  Britons_NP2  with_IO  druids_NNS  and_CC  mistletoe_NN    and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  lion-hearted_JJ  Richard_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  brave_JJ  crusaders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sad_JJ  tale_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  pathetic_JJ  picture_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  princes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  hero_NN  of_IO  heroes_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  little_JJ  girls_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  glorious_JJ  and_CC  adorable_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Raleigh_NP  ,_,  cloak_NN  and_CC  all_DB  .  
  we_PPIS2  learnt_VVD  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  wives_NNS  of_IO  Henry_NP  8_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  loved_VVD  Charles_NP  1_MC1  and_CC  hated_VVD  Cromwell_NP  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  being_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  bored_VBN  by_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Anne_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Georges_NP2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  ended_VVD  up_RP  comfortably_RR  with_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  childish_JJ  loyalties_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  and_CC  would_VM  be_VB0  ever_RR  the_AT1  one_MC1  and_CC  only_DA  heroine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  anthem_NN  .  
  little_JJ  Arthur's_PPIO2  England_NP    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  it_PPH1  still_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  how_CS I_PPIS1  would_VM  open_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  read_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  words_NNS  :_:  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_JJ  little_JJ  Arthur_NP    and_CC  then_RL  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  page_NN  and_CC  read_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  words_NNS  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  it_PPH1  will_VM  help_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  understand_VV0  bigger_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  histories_NNS  bye_RR  and_CC  bye_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    little_JJ  Arthur_NP    ,_,  but_CCB  most_RG  certainly_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  little_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  who_PNQS helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  that_DD1  understanding_NN  ,_,  awaking_VBG  in_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  sublimely_RR  unconscious_JJ  ,_,  interest_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  for_IO  tackling_VBG  these_DD2    bigger_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  histories_NNS    in_IO  later_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  lessons_NNS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  read_VV0  aloud_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  children_NNS  read_VV0  in_IO  school_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS compiled_VVD  our_APP$  reading_NN  books_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  as_RG  deeply_RR  concerned_JJ  about_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  read_VVD  as_CS  about_IO  how_CS we_PPIS2  read_VVD  it_PPH1    for_CS  our_APP$  books_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  extracts_NNS  from_IO  great_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  interspersed_VBN  with_IO  poetry_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  poets_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  being_VBG  charmed_VBN  and_CC  amused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Sir_NNSB1  Roger_NP  de_&FW  Coverley_NP  papers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  spectator_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  translation_NN  of_IO  Pliny's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  to_IO  Tacitus_NP  describing_VBG  the_AT1  eruption_NN  of_IO  Vesuvius_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  lava_NN  pouring_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  Pompeii_NP  and_CC  Herculaneum_NP  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  so_RG  deep_JJ  an_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  clear_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  when_CS ,_,  many_DA  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  smoke_NN  of_IO  Vesuvius_NP  above_IO  the_AT1  Bay_NNL1  of_IO  Naples_NP  ,_,  and_CC  stood_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cities_NNS  .  
  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  valuable_JJ  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  learnt_VVD  in_IO  those_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  in_IO    the_AT1  little_JJ  schoolroom_NN    nothing_PN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  more_RG  valuable_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  poetry_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  not_XX  only_RR  got_VVD  by_IO  heart_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  stirred_VBN  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Gray's_PPIO2  enthusiasms_NNS  ,_,  also_RR  took_VVD  to_IO  heart_NN  ,_,  laying_VBG  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  love_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  ever_RR  remained_VBN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  can_VM  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  forget_VV0  the_AT1  stimulating_JJ  joy_NN  of_IO  standing_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  reciting_VBG  :_:  *"_*'    cannon_NN  to_IO  right_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  cannon_NN  to_IO  left_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  volleyed_VVD  and_CC  thundered_VVD  .  **"_**'  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  seeing_VBG  in_IO  my_APP$  mind's_NN1$  eye_NN  that_DD1  brave_JJ  brigade_NN  ,_,  galloping_VBG  ,_,  galloping_VBG  into_IO  immortal_JJ  glory_NN  .  
    theirs_PP$  not_XX  to_TO  reason_VV0  why_CS !_!    
  neither_RR  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  mine_PP$    the_AT1  splendour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  tragedy_NN  were_VBDR  all_DB  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  and_CC    the_AT1  schooner_NN  Hesperus_NP  !_!    with_IO  the_AT1  ache_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  heart_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  skipper's_NN1$  little_JJ  daughter_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  that_DD1  forsaken_JJ  beach_NN  ,_,  *"_*'  the_AT1  salt_JJ  sea_NN  frozen_VBN  on_IO  her_APP$  breast_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  salt_JJ  tears_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  eye_NN  .  **"_**'  
  and_CC  the_AT1  appeal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  incorruptible_JJ  Casabianca_NP  ,_,  standing_VBG  alone_JJ  amid_IO  the_AT1  flames_NNS  ,_,  preferring_VBG  death_NN  to_IO  disobedience_NN  !_!  
  oh_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  pity_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  all_DB  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  regarded_VVD  the_AT1    Queen_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  May_NN1    rather_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  stranger_NN  ,_,  for_IO  no_AT1  Queens_NNSB2  of_IO  May_NN1  ever_RR  reigned_VVD  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  liked_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sympathised_VVD  with_IO  her_APP$  eager_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  up_RP  and_CC  doing_VBG    the_AT1  lilt_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  lines_NNS  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  lilted_VVD  so_RG  many_DA  touching_JJ  and_CC  interesting_JJ  things_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  only_RR  rejoice_VV0  when_CS she_PPHO1  ,_,  having_VHG    thought_VBN  to_TO  pass_VV0  away_RP  before_II    went_VVD  on_RP  living_VBG  and_CC  lilting_VBG  for_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  page_NN  or_CC  two_MC  longer_RRR  .  
  then_RL  for_IO  rollicking_JJ  fun_NN  ,_,  could_VM  anything_PN1  beat_VV0    John_NP  Gilpin_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  spouse_NN    ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  gay_JJ  picnic_NN  at_IO  the_AT1    the_AT1  bell_NN    at_IO  Edmonton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  screaming_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  balcony_NN  when_CS the_AT1  wigless_JJ  John_NP  went_VVD  flashing_VBG  by_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  run-away_JB  steed_NN  .  
  and_CC  surely_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  resisting_VBG  the_AT1  charm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dashing_JJ    young_JJ  Lochinvar_NP    and_CC  his_APP$  fair_JJ  Ellen_NP  .  
    one_MC1  touch_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  word_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  ear_NN    (_(  and_CC  could_VM  n't_XX  one_MC1  just_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  glint_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eye_NN  !_!  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  trice_NN  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  off_RP  and_CC  away_RP  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  wedding_NN  guests_NNS  coming_VBG  helter-skelter_RR  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  !_!  
  then_RL  ho_UH  !_!  for_IO  the_AT1    racing_NN  and_CC  chasing_NN  on_IO  Cannobie_NP  Lee_NP  !_!    
  how_CS we_PPIS2  all_DB  laughed_VVD  !_!  
  how_CS Miss_NNSB1  Gray_NP  laughed_VVD  !_!  
  in_IO  gentler_JJ  strain_NN  ,_,  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  sweeter_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  dear_JJ  little_JJ  brook_NN  telling_VBG  its_APP$  own_DA  story_NN  and_CC  how_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD    from_IO  haunts_NNS  of_IO  coot_NN  and_CC  hern_NN    ,_,  chatter-chattering_VBG  its_APP$  way_NN  to_TO    join_VV0  the_AT1  brimming_JJ  river_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  chattering_JJ  brooks_NNS  myself_PPX1  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  even_RR  we_PPIS2  ,_,  young_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  felt_VVD  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  music_NN  linked_VBN  with_IO  infinity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  haunting_JJ  refrain_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  for_IO  men_NNS  may_VM  come_VV0  and_CC  men_NNS  may_VM  go_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  on_RP  for_RR  ever_RR  .  **"_**'  
  many_DA  another_DD1  poem_NN  could_VM  I_PPIS1  speak_VV0  of_IO  which_DDQ  sang_VVD  itself_PPX1  into_IO  my_APP$  heart_NN  and_CC  memory_NN  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  ever_RR  delightful_JJ  blacksmith_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  smithy_NN    under_IO  a_AT1  spreading_JJ  chestnut_NN  tree_NN    .  
  best_JJT  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  actually_RR  knew_VVD  a_AT1  blacksmith_NN  ,_,  just_RR  like_IO  Longfellow's_PPIO2  ,_,  minus_IO  the_AT1  chestnut_NN  tree_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS lived_VVD  on_IO  Tweedside_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  jewel_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  village_NN  called_VBN  Clovenfords_NP  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  every_AT1  spring_NN  .  
  my_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  brothers_NNS  put_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Inn_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS Hogg_NP  the_AT1  Ettrick_NP  shepherd_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Walter_NP  Scott_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  put_VBN  up_RP  before_IO  them_PPHO1    but_CCB  Louis_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  and_CC  Ann_NP  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  blacksmith's_NN1$  cottage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  smithy_NN  next_DA  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  through_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  bellows_NNS  blowing_VBG  and_CC  the_AT1  horses_NNS  stamping_VBG  .  
  my_APP$  blacksmith_NN  too_RR  ,_,  had_VHD    large_JJ  and_CC  sinewy_JJ  hands_NNS        swiney_JJ    as_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  children_NNS  misread_VVD  it_PPH1    and_CC  often_RR  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  stand_VV0  and_CC  watch_VV0  him_PPHO1  shoeing_VBG  a_AT1  horse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  my_APP$  small_JJ  hands_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bellows_NNS  and_CC  help_VV0  blow_VV0  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  my_APP$  Clovenfords_NP  blacksmith_NN  ,_,  dark-eyed_JJ  and_CC  black-bearded_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  smithy_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  Longfellow_NP  brings_VBZ  back_RP  the_AT1  memory_NN  .  
  at_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  Miss_NNSB1  de_&FW  Dreux_NP  rang_VVD  the_AT1  big_JJ  brass_NN  bell_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  this_DD1  every_AT1  hour_NN  until_IO  two_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  day-girls_NNS  went_VVD  home_NN1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bell_NN  ,_,  doors_NNS  would_VM  open_VV0  and_CC  release_VV0  girls_NNS  talking_VBG  and_CC  laughing_VBG  ;_;  feet_NNS  ran_VVD  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  changed_VVD  rooms_NNS  for_IO  different_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  hour_NN  ,_,  silence_NN  changed_VVD  to_IO  noise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  noise_NN  again_RR  to_IO  silence_NN  .  
  a_AT1  memory_NN  stays_VBZ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  of_IO  arriving_VBG  late_RR  one_MC1  morning_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  all_DB  doors_NNS  closed_VBN  against_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  of_IO  doom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ticking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grandfather_NN  clock_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  seemed_VVD  an_AT1  echo_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  anxiously_RR  beating_JJ  heart_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  salle_&FW  a*?3_&FW  manger_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  German_JJ  tones_NNS  of_IO  Madame_NNSB1  Kunz_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  grande_&FW  salle_&FW  with_IO  the_AT1  senior_JJ  German_NN1  class_NN  .  
  upstairs_RL  and_CC  down_RP  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  muffled_JJ  sound_NN  of_IO  pianos_NNS  ,_,  hesitating_JJ  scales_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  stumbling_JJ  sonatas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  guttural_JJ  German_JJ  voices_NNS  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Wehle_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Javrova_NP  the_AT1  music_NN  teachers_NNS    all_DB  very_RG  awe-inspiring_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  anxious_JJ  culprit_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  grande_&FW  salle_&FW  ,_,  from_IO  ten_MC  to_IO  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  taught_VVD  writing_NN  and_CC  arithmetic_NN  .  
  seated_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  desks_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  first_MD  thrill_NN  with_IO  real_JJ  ink_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  quill_NN  pen_NN  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  spluttering_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  pen_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  the_AT1  messiness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thin_JJ  pink_JJ  papier_&FW  buvard_&FW  that_PNQS soaked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  blots_NNS  !_!  
  and_CC  the_AT1  pages_NNS  of_IO  alphabetical_JJ  moral_JJ  maxims_NNS  we_PPIS2  scratched_VVD  and_CC  blotted_VVD  in_IO  our_APP$  copy-books_NNS  !_!  
  for_IO  our_APP$  sums_NNS  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  slates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  slate-pencils_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  often_RR  give_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  horrible_JJ  screech_NN  as_CS  our_APP$  small_JJ  hands_NNS  slipped_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  or_CC  figure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  echoed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  screech_NN  of_IO  agony_NN  from_IO  everybody_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  rubbing_VBG  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  torchon_&FW  ,_,  helped_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  lick_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  finger_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  long_JJ  red_JJ  beard_NN  and_CC  whiskers_NNS  which_DDQ  tickled_VVD  my_APP$  neck_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_IO  me_PPIO1  correcting_VBG  my_APP$  sums_NNS  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  our_APP$  first_MD  French_NN1  lessons_NNS  from_IO  Miss_NNSB1  de_&FW  Dreux_NP  .  
  Hall's_PPIO2  first_MD  French_NN1  course_NN  ,_,  all_DB  masculines_NNS  and_CC  feminines_NNS  ,_,  troublesome_JJ  conjugations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  exercises_NNS  to_TO  write_VV0  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  before_IO  very_RG  long_RR  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  reading_VBG  un_&FW  philosophe_&FW  sous_&FW  les_&FW  toits_&FW    I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  the_AT1  author_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  affection_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  old_JJ  philosopher_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  meditations_NNS  under_IO  his_APP$  roofs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dear_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Bogen_NP  who_PNQS gave_VVD  us_PPIO2   our_APP$  first_MD  German_NN1  lessons_NNS  ,_,  only_RR  vocabulary_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  books_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sweet_JJ  ,_,  kind_JJ  creature_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  all_DB  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  later_RRR  on_RP  ,_,  when_CS Madame_NNSB1  Kunz_NP  took_VVD  us_PPIO2   over_RP  ,_,  German_NN1  became_VVD  important_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  Weisse's_PPIO2  grammar_NN  ,_,  Schiller_NP  ,_,  Goethe's_PPIO2    Faust_NP    and_CC  Heine's_PPIO2  poetry_NN  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  early_JJ  days_NNS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  growing_VBG  daily_RR  more_RG  familiar_JJ  with_IO  speech_NN  both_DB2  in_IO  French_NN1  and_CC  German_NN1  .  
  then_RL  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  music_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  piano_NN  mistresses_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  German_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  very_RG  plain_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  admirable_JJ  teachers_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  severe_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  trained_VBN  at_IO  Leipzig_NP  Conservatoire_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  the_AT1  last_DA  word_NN  for_IO  training_NN    in_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  musick_NN    .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Javrova_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS taught_VVD  us_PPIO2   little_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  nose_NN  .  
  though_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  strict_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  kind_JJ  and_CC  appreciative_JJ  of_IO  effort_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  nervously_RR  conscientious_JJ  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  my_APP$  practising_NN  seriously_RR  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  play_VV0  this_DD1  ten_MC  times_NNS  over_RP    ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Javrova_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  pointing_VBG  with_IO  relentless_JJ  fingers_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  jumble_NN  of_IO  crotchets_NNS  and_CC  quavers_NNS  .  again_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  pause_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  mates_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ;_;  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  ,_,  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  sent_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  platoon_NN  both_DB2  men_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  and_CC  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  discreetly_RR  what_DDQ  lay_VVD  behind_IO  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  long_RR  .  
  rifleman_NN  A_ZZ1  had_VHD  a_AT1  secret_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  illiterate_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  very_RG  nearly_RR  so_PN1  .  
  rifleman_NN  B_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  teaching_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  read_VV0  and_CC  write_VV0  in_IO  private_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  cost_VBN  A_ZZ1  a_AT1  great_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  confess_VV0  his_APP$  secret_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  mate_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  face_VV0  confiding_NN  in_IO  somebody_PN1  else_RR  ;_;  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  tuition_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  B_ZZ1  off_IO  the_AT1  draft_NN  and_CC  eventually_RR  sent_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  another_DD1  one_MC1  together_RR  .  
  a_AT1  disproportionate_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  delinquency_NN  ,_,  military_JJ  or_CC  civil_JJ  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  daily_JJ    crime_NN  sheet_NN    there_EX  were_VBDR  occasional_JJ  courts_NNS  martial_JJ  ,_,  appearances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  courts_NNS  of_IO  neighbouring_JJ  towns_NNS  as_IO    prisoner's_NN1$  friend_NN    ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  ,_,  on_IO  one_MC1  occasion_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  describe_VV0  in_IO  another_DD1  connection_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  journey_NN  to_IO  London_NP  to_TO  give_VV0    evidence_NN  of_IO  character_NN    in_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  rifleman_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  appeared_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  martial_JJ  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  infinite_JJ  pains_NNS  with_IO  my_APP$  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  interviewed_VVD  the_AT1  prisoner_NN    a_AT1  deserter_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  guardroom_NN  several_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  sorted_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  lies_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  plausible_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  story_NN  and_CC  ,_,  discovering_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  essence_NN  of_IO  desertion_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  intention_NN  not_XX  to_TO  return_VV0  ,_,  built_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  elaborate_JJ  argument_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  intended_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  proved_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  intended_VBN  otherwise_RR  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  became_VVD  difficult_JJ  when_CS it_PPH1  emerged_VVD  belatedly_RR  ,_,  via_IO  the_AT1  civilian_JJ  police_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  flogged_VBN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  sold_VBN    every_AT1  stitch_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  military_JJ  clothing_NN  and_CC  every_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  equipment_NN  .  
  my_APP$  case_NN  got_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  start_NN  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  a_AT1  plea_NN  in_IO  mitigation_NN  and_CC  seemed_VVD  rather_RR  impatient_JJ  when_CS I_PPIS1  said_VVD  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  complete_JJ  defence_NN  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  court_NN  fidgeted_VVD  and_CC  seemed_VVD  bored_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  judge_NN  advocate_NN  looked_VVD  ,_,  to_IO  me_PPIO1  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  half_RR  amused_VBN  and_CC  half_RR  contemptuous_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  injustice_NN  spurred_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_RP  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  spurred_VVD  me_PPIO1  too_RG  far_RR  and_CC  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sentence_NN  was_VBDZ  112_MC  days'_NN2  detention_NN  .  
  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  court_NN  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  an_AT1  officer_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  company_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  helpful_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  commandant_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  prison_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  shoulder_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  something_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  that_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  speech_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  made_VBN  .  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nice_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  say_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  replied_VVD  unhappily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  n't_XX  had_VHN  much_DA  effect_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  it_PPH1  .  
  oh_UH  yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  effect_NN  .  
    how_CS .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  ,_,  irritably_RR  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  thoughtfully_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  seen_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  cases_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  without_IO  your_APP$  speech_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  got_VBN  fifty-six_MC  days_NNS  .    
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  defended_VVD  that_DD1  prisoner_NN  too_RG  much_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  defended_VVD  too_RG  little_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  camp_NN  hospital_NN  orderly_NN  ,_,  summoned_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  police_NNS  court_NN  about_RR  six_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  busy_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  and_CC  sent_VVD  a_AT1  message_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rifleman_NN  should_VM  report_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  office_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  drive_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  town_NN  .  
  my_APP$  idea_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  facts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  message_NN  came_VVD  back_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  rifleman_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  left_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  cut_VBN  everything_PN1  rather_RR  fine_JJ  and_CC  left_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  but_CCB  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  court_NN  my_APP$  man_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  consulting_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  charge_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  motor_NN  bicycle_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  owner's_NN1$  permission_NN  and_CC  ridden_VBN  it_PPH1  without_IO  a_AT1  licence_NN  ;_;  also_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  stolen_VBN  a_AT1  blanket_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  groundsheet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pleaded_VVD  not_XX  guilty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  taken_VBN  the_AT1  articles_NNS  .  
  why_CS .  asked_VVD  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  .  
  and_CC  why_CS did_VDD  he_PPHO1  plead_VV0  not_XX  guilty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  rifleman_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  regular_JJ  soldier_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  service_NN  chevrons_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  ramrod_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  ,_,  head_NN  slightly_RR  raised_VBN  ,_,  looking_VBG  ahead_RR  and_CC  upward_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  bench_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  delivering_VBG  a_AT1  well-rehearsed_JJ  recitation_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  camp_NN  that_DD1  night_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  girl_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  asked_VVD  patiently_RR  what_DDQ  that_DD1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  charge_NN  .  
  why_CS had_VHD  he_PPHO1  taken_VBN  the_AT1  articles_NNS  in_IO  question_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  camp_NN  that_DD1  night_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  girl_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  home_NN1  ;_;  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  bicycle_NN  ,_,  believing_VBG  the_AT1  owner_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  lent_VBN  it_PPH1  if_CS  asked_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  why_CS did_VDD  he_PPHO1  take_VV0  a_AT1  blanket_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  groundsheet_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  sir_NN  .  .    
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  routine_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  again_RR  ,_,  not_XX  an_AT1  inflection_NN  varied_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  interrupted_VVD  .  
    why_CS ,_,    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  wearily_RR  ,_,    did_VDD  you_PPY  take_VV0  a_AT1  blanket_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  groundsheet_NN  .    
  suddenly_RR  the_AT1  soldier_NN  relaxed_VVD  his_APP$  rigid_JJ  posture_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Constable_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  totally_RR  different_JJ  voice_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  challenging_JJ  contempt_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  interrogator's_NN1$  obtuseness_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    y'_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  would_VM  ya_PPY  .    
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  pay_VV0  the_AT1  five-pound_JB  fine_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  imposed_VBN  and_CC  arrange_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  deducted_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  pay_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  being_VBG  an_AT1  ineffective_JJ  lay_JB  lawyer_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  often_RR  an_AT1  employment_NN  agent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  roll_NN  included_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  drawing_VBG  specialist_JJ  rates_NNS  of_IO  pay_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  job_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  specialised_JJ  line_NN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  specialist_NN  was_VBDZ  wanted_VBN  anywhere_RR  the_AT1  application_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  the_AT1  Adjutant_NNSB1  telephoned_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  cook_NN  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  urgently_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  stately_JJ  home_NN1  some_DD  miles_NNS  away_RP  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  requisitioned_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  military_JJ  headquarters_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  consulted_VVD  the_AT1  Sergeant-Major_NNSB1  ;_;  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  over_IO  our_APP$  lists_NNS  of_IO  cooks_NNS  and_CC  chose_VVD  one_MC1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  for_IO  and_CC  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  presentable_JJ  man_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  instructions_NNS  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  driven_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  kit_NN  ,_,  to_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  and_CC  cosy-sounding_JJ  job_NN  .  
  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  passing_VBG  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  soldiers_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  camp_NN  road_NN  way_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  cook_NN  ,_,  then_RL  decided_VVD  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  mistaken_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  thought_NN  persisted_VVD  and_CC  I_PPIS1  sent_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  Sergeant-Major_NNSB1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  mistaken_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  personally_RR  seen_VBN  the_AT1  cook_NN  off_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  truck_NN  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  kit_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  enquire_VV0  .  
  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  reported_VVD  back_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  our_APP$  cook_NN  was_VBDZ  home_NN1  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Sergeant-Major_NNSB1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  genuinely_RR  puzzled_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  only_RR  just_RR  got_VBN  there_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sergeant_NN  came_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  said_VVD  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  wanted_VVD  tea_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  company_NN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  room_NN  .  
  wanted_VVD  it_PPH1  right_RR  away_RP  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  took_VVD  the_AT1  pail_NN  up_RP  .  .    
  nobody_PN1  had_VHD  ticked_VBN  him_PPHO1  off_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  simply_RR  and_CC  immediately_RR  been_VBN  ordered_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  where_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  from_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  probably_RR  established_VVD  a_AT1  record_NN  for_IO  short_JJ  tenure_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  General's_NNSB2  cook_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  present_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  room_NN  when_CS tea_NN  was_VBDZ  served_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ironic_JJ  that_CS  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    employed_JJ    men_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  also_RR  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  less_RG  constant_JJ  but_CCB  trying_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  unemployed_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  fully_RR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  training_NN  programme_NN  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  at_IO  times_NNS  quite_RR  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  completed_VBN  their_APP$  training_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  drafted_VBN  overseas_RR  .  
  no_AT1  soldier_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  handle_VV0  than_IO  the_AT1  idle_JJ  soldier_NN  ,_,  and_CC  none_PN1  is_VBZ  quicker_JJ  to_TO  realise_VV0  when_CS duties_NNS  or_CC  training_NN  are_VBR  designed_VBN  more_RRR  to_TO  prevent_VV0  boredom_NN  or_CC  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  mischief_NN  than_CS  to_TO  further_VV0  his_APP$  proficiency_NN  .  
  the_AT1  draftee_NN  is_VBZ  restless_JJ  ,_,  impatient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  apt_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  on_IO  embarkation_NN  leave_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  time_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  abroad_RR  .  
  when_CS ,_,  as_CS  sometimes_RR  happened_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  had_VHN  embarkation_NN  leave_NN  twice_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  still_RR  hanging_VBG  about_IO  a_AT1  camp_NN  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  morale_NN  was_VBDZ  unpredictable_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  from_IO  day_NN  to_IO  day_NN  .  
  one_MC1  sternly_RR  devised_VVD  further_JB  training_NN  programmes_NNS  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  stress_VV0  their_APP$  importance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  scepticism_NN  was_VBDZ  palpable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  unorthodox_JJ    so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  higher_JJ  authority_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  find_VV0  out_RP    and_CC  intersperse_VV0  their_APP$  days_NNS  with_IO  what_DDQ  were_VBDR  frankly_RR  games_NNS  .  
  when_CS influenza_NN  struck_VVD  down_RP  several_DA  platoon_NN  commanders_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  putting_VBG  bodies_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  men_NNS  under_IO  one_MC1  \0NCO_NNSB1  and_CC  offering_VBG  a_AT1  packet_NN  of_IO  cigarettes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  man_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  hill_NN    stressing_VBG  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  maintaining_VBG  a_AT1  high_JJ  pitch_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  fitness_NN    or_CC  sending_VBG  them_PPHO1  out_RP  in_IO  pairs_NNS  in_IO    initiative_NN  tests_NNS    ,_,  which_DDQ  amused_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  some_DD  freedom_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  got_VVD  them_PPHO1  out_RP  from_IO  under_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  trained_JJ  men_NNS  had_VHD  qualified_VBN  in_IO  \0D_NN  and_CC  \0M_NN  (_(  driving_NN  and_CC  maintenance_NN  )_)  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  two_MC  buses_NNS  for_IO  use_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  defensive_JJ  ro*?5le_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  invasion_NN  I_PPIS1  packed_VVD  off_RP  whole_JJ  groups_NNS  to_TO  practise_VV0  bus_NN  driving_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  that_CS  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  driven_VBN  even_RR  heavy_JJ  vehicles_NNS  for_IO  years_NNS  took_VVD  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  knack_NN  of_IO  handling_VBG  a_AT1  bus_NN  and_CC  ,_,  though_CS  their_APP$  military_JJ  careers_NNS  were_VBDR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  call_VV0  for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  skill_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  again_RR  kept_VVD  them_PPHO1  busy_JJ  on_IO  something_PN1  a_RR  little_RR  off_IO  the_AT1  beaten_JJ  track_NN  of_IO  routine_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  Londoners_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  home_NN1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  hitch-hiking_NN  away_RP  ;_;  so_RR  absenteeism_NN  became_VVD  rife_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  coolly_RR  calculated_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  were_VBDR  put_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  guardroom_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  released_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  draft_NN  movement_NN  order_NN  came_VVD  through_RP  ,_,  so_RR  what_DDQ  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  to_TO  lose_VV0  .  
  when_CS Christmas_NP  came_VVD  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  unauthorised_JJ  departures_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  pale-faced_JJ  corporal_NN  reported_VVD  one_MC1  night_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  entire_JB  barrack_NN  room_NN  was_VBDZ  deserted_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  a_AT1  packet_NN  of_IO  cigarettes_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  pillow_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  message_NN  attached_VBN      happy_NC2  Christmas_NC2  ,_,  \0Corp_NC2      and_CC  signed_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  missing_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  action_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  they_PPHS2  would_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  back_RP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  holiday_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  great_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  could_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  that_DD1  easy_JJ  way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  local_JJ  police_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  man's_NN1$  home_NN1  district_NN  informed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  spent_VVD  their_APP$  Christmas_NP  in_IO  civilian_JJ  cells_NNS  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  warning_NN  to_IO  others_DA2  .  
  the_AT1  various_JJ  invasion_NN  alarms_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  a_AT1  relief_NN  in_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  called_VVD  for_IO  action_NN  which_DDQ  at_RR  least_RR  approximated_VVD  to_IO  war_NN  ,_,  though_CS  nothing_PN1  in_IO  fact_NN  happened_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  task_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  guard_VV0  the_AT1  perimeter_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  airfield_NN  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  away_RP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  alarm_NN  stand-by_NN  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  our_APP$  curious_JJ  caravan_NN  set_VVD  off_RP    two_MC  buses_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  jeeps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  dispatch_NN  riders_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  assigned_VBN  our_APP$  ro*?5le_NN  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  these_DD2  alarms_NNS  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  we_PPIS2  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  airfield_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  two_MC  world_NN  war_NN  1_MC1  soldiers_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  ground_NN  defence_NN  officers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  ,_,  greeted_VVD  us_PPIO2   .  
  my_APP$  first_MD  question_NN  was_VBDZ  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  perimeter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nine_MC  miles_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  training_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  you_PPY  should_VM  never_RR  spread_VV0  men_NNS  thinly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  split_VVD  my_APP$  force_NN  into_IO  two_MC  small_JJ  mobile_JJ  units_NNS  (_(  each_DD1  with_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  )_)  and_CC  proposed_VVD  to_TO  hold_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  position_NN  while_CS  pickets_NNS  covered_VVD  the_AT1  perimeter_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  men_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  none_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  clear_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  once_CS  on_IO  their_APP$  premises_NNS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  under_IO  their_APP$  orders_NNS  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  spreading_VBG  my_APP$  men_NNS    about_RR  120_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1    along_IO  a_AT1  nine-mile_JB  line_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0RAF_NP  men_NNS  supervised_VVD  my_APP$  placing_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  apparently_RR  approved_VVD  .  
  when_CS dawn_NN  came_VVD  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  fire_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  have_VH0  caused_VBN  them_PPHO1  only_RR  to_TO  shoot_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  anti-aircraft_JB  gunners_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  rising_JJ  ground_NN  around_IO  us_PPIO2   .  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Citroen_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  remarkably_RR  good_JJ  car_NN  .  
  like_IO  most_DA  French_JJ  machines_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  always_RR  did_VDD  what_DDQ  you_PPY  expected_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  never_RR  felt_VVD  insecure_JJ  driving_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  steering_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  change_NN  mechanism_NN  were_VBDR  rather_RR  heavy_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  got_VVD  used_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  times_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  longed_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  fourth_MD  gear_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  hilly_JJ  Devonshire_NP  country_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  often_RR  caught_VBN  between_IO  ratios_NNS  and_CC  felt_VVD  quite_RR  helpless_JJ  .  
  characteristic_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  country_NN  of_IO  origin_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  always_RR  knew_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  four_MC  cylinders_NNS  working_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  under_IO  the_AT1  bonnet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  try_VV0  the_AT1  Big_NP  6_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  handful_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  motor_NN  car_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cornering_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  road-holding_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Citroen_NP  were_VBDR  astonishingly_RR  good_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  anyone_PN1  knows_VBZ  who_PNQS has_VHZ  driven_VBN  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  remained_VVD  glued_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  going_VBG  round_IO  corners_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  road_NN  surface_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  most_RG  endearing_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  best_JJT  of_IO  all_DB  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Citroen's_PPIO2  gluttony_NN  for_IO  work_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  relish_VV0  being_VBG  driven_VBN  hard_RR  ,_,  and_CC  flat-out_JB  driving_VBG  all_DB  day_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  refreshed_VBN  and_CC  longing_VBG  for_IO  more_DA  .  
  sometimes_RR  that_DD1  pleasant_JJ  Citroen_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  subject_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  minor_JJ  vibration_NN  period_NN  when_CS cornering_VBG  fast_RR  on_IO  lock_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  slight_JJ  nuisance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  carden_NN  shaft_NN  overrunning_VBG  the_AT1  engine_NN  at_IO  certain_JJ  times_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  at_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  creating_VBG  a_AT1  non-constant_JJ  velocity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  mention_VV0  this_DD1  only_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  extreme_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  cropped_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  Lagondas_NP2  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  testing_VBG  the_AT1  prototype_NN  2_MC  1/2-litre_JB  Lagonda_NP  at_IO  Staines_NP  immediately_RR  after_IO  world_NN  war_NN  2_MC  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  why_CS ,_,  when_CS travelling_VBG  slowly_RR  in_IO  top_NN  with_IO  practically_RR  no_AT1  throttle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  engine_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  miss_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  curious_JJ  because_CS  when_CS carrying_VBG  only_RR  one_MC1  passenger_NN  under_IO  identical_JJ  circumstances_NNS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  trouble_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  how_CS long_RR  we_PPIS2  all_DB  wasted_VVD  on_IO  this_DD1  annoying_JJ  snag_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  answer_NN  suddenly_RR  occurred_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  at_RR  last_RR  reasoned_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  extra_JJ  weight_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  angle_NN  was_VBDZ  altered_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  bevel-box_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wheels_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  might_VM  be_VB0  subjecting_VBG  the_AT1  carden_NN  shaft_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  non-constant_JJ  velocity_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  our_APP$  reasoning_NN  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  vibration_NN  occasioned_VVD  giving_VBG  an_AT1  almost_RR  identical_JJ  impression_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  caused_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  missing_JJ  engine_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  foreign_JJ  firm_NN  making_VBG  constant_JJ  velocity_NN  joints_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  supplies_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2    faked-up_VV0    this_DD1  vibration_NN  period_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  successfully_RR  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  Alec_NP  Issigonis_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  team_NN  met_VVD  this_DD1  same_DA  trouble_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  prototype_NN  Mini-Minor_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  specification_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  design_NN  included_VVD  a_AT1  constant_JJ  velocity_NN  joint_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  if_CS  any_DD  other_DA  design_NN  teams_NNS  have_VH0  met_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  trouble_NN  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  as_RG  mystified_VBN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  with_IO  the_AT1  Lagonda_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  really_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  driven_VBN  more_RG  cheap_JJ    bread-and-butter_JB    cars_NNS  during_IO  my_APP$  active_JJ  years_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  designer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  even_RR  my_APP$  choice_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  drove_VVD  one_MC1  model_NN  almost_RR  daily_RR  for_IO  several_DA  years_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  about_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN    bought_VBN    by_IO  Rolls-Royce_NP  and_CC  told_VBN  to_TO  hand_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  Jack_NP  Barclay_NP  my_APP$  own_DA  8-litre_JB  car_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  without_IO  personal_JJ  transport_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_IO  about_RR  1910_MC  ,_,  when_CS cars_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  comparatively_RR  rare_JJ  anyway_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  had_VHN  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  curious_JJ  feeling_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  use_VV0  buses_NNS  and_CC  tubes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  this_DD1  much_RR  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  to_IO  walking_VBG  instead_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  better_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  slow_JJ  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  barely_RR  have_VH0  afforded_VBN  the_AT1  down_JB  payment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cheapest_JJT  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  anyone_PN1  my_APP$  dilemma_NN  ,_,  Billy_NP  Rootes_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  divined_VBN  the_AT1  reason_NN  behind_IO  my_APP$  curious_JJ  and_CC  uncharacteristic_JJ  new_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO  tramping_VBG  from_IO  point_NN  to_IO  point_NN  about_IO  London_NP  .  
  Billy_NP  Rootes_NP  (_(  now_RL  Lord_NNSB1  Rootes_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  )_)  had_VHD  been_VBN  an_AT1  active_JJ  and_CC  successful_JJ  agent_NN  for_IO  Bentleys_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  quite_RR  well_RR  by_IO  then_RL  ;_;  well_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  anyway_RR  ,_,  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  without_IO  so_RG  much_DA  as_IO  a_AT1  blush_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  doing_VBG  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  favour_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  grateful_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  try_VV0  this_DD1  car_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  one_MC1  day_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  your_APP$  honest_JJ  opinion_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  car_NN  in_IO  question_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Hillman_NP  Minxes_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  that_DD1  particular_JJ  week-end_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  weekend_NN  for_IO  months_NNS  afterwards_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  Minx_NP  or_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  larger_JJ  cars_NNS  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  available_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  great_JJ  convenience_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  quite_RR  honestly_RR  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  Minx_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  nice_JJ  little_JJ  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  this_DD1  kindly_JJ  and_CC  thoughtful_JJ  gesture_NN  of_IO  Rootes_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS things_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  going_VBG  so_RG  well_RR  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  only_RR  deserved_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  success_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  ,_,  but_CCB  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  his_APP$  present_JJ  distinguished_JJ  position_NN  by_IO  honesty_NN  and_CC  integrity_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  kindness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  doubt_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  any_DD  enemies_NNS  .  
  some_DD  months_NNS  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  purchase_VV0  a_AT1  Minx_NP  for_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  specially_RR  favourable_JJ  terms_NNS  Rootes_NP  offered_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  then_RL  until_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  without_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  really_RR  my_APP$  wife's_NN1$  cars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  doubtful_JJ  about_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  France_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  Hillman_NP  Minx_NP  after_IO  always_RR  doing_VBG  the_AT1  journey_NN  previously_RR  in_IO  somewhat_RR  swifter_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  robust_JJ  machines_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  lucky_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  car_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  set_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  weight_NN  of_IO  luggage_NN  and_CC  some_DD  nervousness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  surprised_JJ  at_IO  how_CS game_JJ  and_CC  robust_JJ  the_AT1  Minx_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS effortlessly_RR  one_MC1  could_VM  drive_VV0  350_MC  miles_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  a_AT1  grand_JJ  tourer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  only_DA  trouble_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  was_VBDZ  with_IO  tyres_NNS  ,_,  suffering_VBG  five_MC  punctures_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  reached_VVD  Le_NP  Mans_NP  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  purchased_VVD  some_DD  more_RG  suitable_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  a_AT1  Standard_NP  8_MC  scarcely_RR  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  machine_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  trek_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  either_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Minx_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  surprised_VVD  me_PPIO1  by_IO  its_APP$  willingness_NN  and_CC  ability_NN  to_TO  slog_VV0  along_RP  all_DB  day_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  average_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  miles_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  road-holding_NN  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  brilliant_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  suffer_VV0  the_AT1  liberties_NNS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  with_IO  it_PPH1  on_IO  one_MC1  hurried_JJ  return_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  France_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  little_JJ  car_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  car_NN  I_PPIS1  drive_VV0  regularly_RR  now_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  nice_JJ  little_JJ  Morris_NP  Minor_NP  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  more_DA  later_RRR  .  
  2_MC  .  
  motor_NN  bicycles_NNS  and_CC  Brooklands_NP  .  
  the_AT1  four-wheeled_JJ  vehicle_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  internal_JJ  combustion_NN  engine_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  call_VV0  the_AT1  motor_NN  car_NN  has_VHZ  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  much_DA  pleasure_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  pain_NN  and_CC  disappointment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  now_RL  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  resent_VV0  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  intruded_VBN  ,_,  filling_VBG  far_RR  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  and_CC  leaving_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  insufficient_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  explore_VV0  so_RG  many_DA  other_DA  fields_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  interested_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  meteorology_NN  and_CC  wireless_JJ  telegraphy_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  regret_VV0  now_RL  a_RR  little_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  my_APP$  profession_NN  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  because_CS  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  the_AT1  machines_NNS  filled_VVD  my_APP$  life_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exclusion_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  everything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  sometimes_RR  wonder_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  stuck_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  fine_JJ  ,_,  powerful_JJ  and_CC  friendly_JJ  things_NNS    locomotives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  locomotive_NN  started_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  railways_NNS  had_VHD  provided_VBN  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  living_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  I_PPIS1  considered_VVD  necessary_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  stuck_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sad_JJ  parting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  always_RR  missed_VVD  them_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  of_IO  aero-engine_JB  and_CC  car_NN  designing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  on_IO  locomotives_NNS  at_IO  Doncaster_NP  that_CS  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  a_AT1  motor-bicycling_NN  enthusiast_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  certainly_RR  got_VVD  more_DA  pure_JJ  fun_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  bicycle_NN  than_CS  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  got_VVD  from_IO  any_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  cars_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  willingly_RR  accept_VV0  that_CS  sport_NN  on_IO  two_MC  wheels_NNS  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  sport_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  commercial_JJ  purpose_NN  behind_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  back_RP  now_RL  with_IO  great_JJ  affection_NN  on_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  of_IO  motor-bicycle_NN  competition_NN  in_IO  Edwardian_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  before_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  afflicted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  car_NN    bug_NN    .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  events_NNS  run_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  auto_NN  cycle_NN  union_NN  and_CC  motor_NN  cycling_NN  club_NN  possessed_VVD  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  spirit_NN  of_IO  friendly_JJ  ,_,  co-operative_JJ  ,_,  uncommercialized_JJ  competitiveness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  remember_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  hill-climb_NN  ,_,  sprint_NN  ,_,  trial_NN  or_CC  Brooklands_NP  race_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  spirit_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  present_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  unusual_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  competitors_NNS  helping_VBG  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  by_IO  the_AT1  roadside_NN  ,_,  or_CC  making_VBG  last-moment_JB  adjustments_NNS  to_IO  one_PPX2  another's_PPX2  machines_NNS  just_RR  before_IO  a_AT1  race_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  very_RG  sharply_RR  just_RR  how_CS tough_JJ  competition_NN  work_NN  was_VBDZ  when_CS ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  previous_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  entered_VVD  my_APP$  3-\0h.p_JB  Quadrant_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  London-Edinburgh_NP  trial_NN  .  
  this_DD1  Quadrant_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  surface_NN  carburettor_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  like_IO  an_AT1  unreliable_JJ  and_CC  uncomfortable_JJ  present-day_JB  motorized_JJ  bicycle_NN  to_TO  drive_VV0  .  
  any_DD  healthy_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  today_NN1  would_VM  gladly_RR  take_VV0  his_APP$  motorized_JJ  bicycle_NN  from_IO  London_NP  to_IO  Edinburgh_NP  ;_;  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  great_JJ  achievement_NN  ,_,  if_CS  quite_RR  hard_JJ  work_NN  pedalling_VBG  up_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  steeper_JJ  hills_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  journey_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  tight_JJ  schedule_NN  on_IO  roads_NNS  that_PNQS in_IO  places_NNS  seemed_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  touched_VBN  since_CS  they_PPHS2  broke_VVD  up_RP  after_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  a_AT1  day_NN  and_CC  night_NN  to_TO  accomplish_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  food_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  points_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  too_RG  late_JJ  at_IO  these_DD2  to_TO  have_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  eat_VV0  and_CC  did_VDD  the_AT1  trip_NN  on_IO  apples_NNS  and_CC  chocolate_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  along_RP  .  
  to_IO  my_APP$  astonishment_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  a_AT1  gold_NN  medal_NN  ,_,  too_RR  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  endurance_NN  trials_NNS  after_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  enjoying_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  spirit_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  independent_JJ  competitiveness_NN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  road_NN  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  inspired_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  them_PPHO1  mostly_RR  on_IO  Rexs_NP2  and_CC  Indians_NP2  ;_;  London_NP  to_IO  Exeter_NP  ,_,  London_NP  to_IO  Land's_PPIO2  End_NP  and_CC  back_RP  several_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  London_NP  to_IO  Plymouth_NP  and_CC  back_RP  ;_;  and_CC  each_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  really_RR  testing_JJ  challenge_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  endurance_NN  and_CC  your_APP$  aptitude_NN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  breakdowns_NNS  were_VBDR  frequent_JJ  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  hill-climbs_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  really_RR  devastating_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  competition_NN  very_RG  close_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  fifth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  often_RR  separating_VBG  the_AT1  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  fastest_JJT  times_NNS  .  
  events_NNS  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  particularly_RR  were_VBDR  those_DD2  run_VBN  at_IO  Kop_NP  Hill_NNL1  near_IO  Great_NP  Missenden_NP  in_IO  Buckinghamshire_NP  and_CC  at_IO  Sharpenhoe_NP  near_IO  Luton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  those_DD2  great_JJ  runs_NNS  up_IO  Snaefell_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  trophy_NN  races_NNS  .  
  as_CS  these_DD2  became_VVD  more_RG  popular_JJ  their_APP$  importance_NN  became_VVD  recognized_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  works_NN  teams_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  appear_VV0  .  
  naturally_RR  these_DD2  works_NN  teams_NNS  soon_RR  dominated_VVD  the_AT1  hill-climbs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  great_JJ  sport_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  independent_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  beat_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  with_IO  experience_NN  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  hang_NN  of_IO  tuning_VBG  my_APP$  5-\0h.p_JB  Indian_NP  ,_,  lightening_VBG  the_AT1  pistons_NNS  and_CC  putting_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  compression_NN  and_CC  generally_RR  fiddling_VBG  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  put_VV0  up_RP  faster_JJ  times_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  works_NN  riders_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  more_DA  pleasure_NN  than_IO  anything_PN1  .  
  in_IO  fairness_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  add_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  every_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  help_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  factory_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  quite_RR  happy_JJ  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  an_AT1  Indian_NN1  won_VVD  !_!  
  motor-bicycle_NN  racing_NN  at_IO  Brooklands_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tame_JJ  business_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  \0T.T_NP  and_CC  hill-climbs_NNS  .  
  Brooklands_NP  races_NNS  were_VBDR  usually_RR  short_JJ  sprints_NNS  or_CC  one-hour_JB  events_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  depending_VBG  less_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  riders_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  machines_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  much_DA  finesse_NN  involved_VBN  in_IO  racing_VBG  on_IO  Brooklands_NP  ,_,  except_CS  perhaps_RR  in_IO  avoiding_VBG  the_AT1  worst_JJT  bits_NNS  of_IO  surface_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  believed_VBN  that_CS  Edge's_PPIO2  run_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Napier_NP  soon_RR  after_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  surface_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  Brooklands_NP  suffered_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  worse_JJ  towards_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bankings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  builders_NNS  ever_RR  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  satisfactorily_RR  blending_VBG  this_DD1  top_JB  section_NN  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  days_NNS  they_PPHS2  always_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  mending_VBG  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tracks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  always_RR  as_RG  well_RR  done_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  consequence_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  never_RR  got_VVD  over_IO  this_DD1  roughness_NN  .  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  put_VV0  into_IO  few_DA  words_NNS  everything_PN1  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  brought_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  throughout_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  an_AT1  impossible_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  a_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  task_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  very_RG  little_DA  and_CC  very_RG  quickly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  lifelong_JJ  vegetarian_NN      
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  biblical_JJ  injunction_NN    thou_PPY  shalt_VM  not_XX  kill_VV0      
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  man_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rational_JJ  being_NN      
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  any_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  cross_NN  or_CC  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  ambulance_NN  brigade_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  willing_JJ  to_TO  serve_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.M.C_NP  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  under_IO  military_JJ  discipline_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  not_XX  describe_VV0  my_APP$  feelings_NNS  as_CS  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  appeared_VVD  before_IO  the_AT1  Northampton_NP  tribunal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  except_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  shy_JJ  and_CC  quite_RR  inexperienced_JJ  in_IO  words_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  father_NN  went_VVD  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  gangway_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  tribunal_NN  members_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  were_VBDR  brief_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  :_:  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  questioned_VBN  on_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  written_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  application_NN  form_NN  and_CC  about_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  ;_;  my_APP$  father_NN  supported_VVD  my_APP$  views_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tribunal_NN  who_PNQS asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  my_APP$  pay_NN  appeared_VVD  satisfied_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  1_MC1  /_IO  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hectoring_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  bullying_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  exemption_NN  conditional_JJ  upon_IO  my_APP$  continuing_VBG  my_APP$  work_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  no_AT1  more_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  asking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  logical_JJ  world_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  world_NN  without_II  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  within_II  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  in_IO  winter_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  slow_JJ  coming_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  spring_NN  before_II  but_CCB  never_RR  the_AT1  changes_NNS  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  :_:  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  moved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  awakening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  budding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oaks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tracery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beeches_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  a_AT1  communion_NN  with_IO  nature_NN  greater_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  with_IO  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  that_CS  man_NN  could_VM  not_XX  disturb_VV0  nature's_NN1$  harmony_NN  or_CC  even_RR  separate_VV0  himself_PPX1  entirely_RR  from_IO  that_DD1  harmony_NN  .  
  on_IO  my_APP$  half-days_NNS  I_PPIS1  explored_VVD  the_AT1  countryside_NN  on_IO  foot_NN  or_CC  on_IO  my_APP$  bicycle_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  visited_VVD  Castor_NP  and_CC  Wansford_NP  in_IO  England_NP  ;_;  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Oundle_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ  church_NN  at_IO  Fotheringhay_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  stone_NN  of_IO  Stamford_NP  beside_IO  the_AT1  magnificence_NN  of_IO  Burghley_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  John_NP  Clare_NP  as_CS  I_PPIS1  cycled_VVD  through_IO  Helpstone_NP  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  Fen_NNL1  roads_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  distant_JJ  views_NNS  of_IO  Ely_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  setting_JJ  sun_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  my_APP$  native_JJ  countryside_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  before_II  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  suggested_VVD  harmony_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  little_DA  harmony_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  man_NN  at_IO  war_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  companionship_NN  and_CC  friendliness_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  soldiers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  hospital_NN  community_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  ate_VVD  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  with_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  out_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  chairs_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  regulars_NNS  ,_,  reservists_NNS  ,_,  territorials_NNS  and_CC  Kitchener's_PPIO2  men_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  the_AT1  names_NNS  and_CC  badges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  regiments_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  different_JJ  accents_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  of_IO  rivalries_NNS  and_CC  quarrels_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  men_NNS  arrive_VV0  ,_,  recover_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  get_VV0  their_APP$  ticket_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  John_NP  Bull_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  Bottomley_NP  were_VBDR  a_AT1  Biblical_JJ  prophet_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  literary_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  Elinor_NP  Glyn_NP  ,_,  Marie_NP  Corelli_NP  and_CC  Victoria_NP  Cross_NP  ;_;  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  Roman_JJ  catholics_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  forthrightness_NN  and_CC  foulness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  language_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  simplicity_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  credulity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  soldier_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  lived_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  army_NN  slang_NN    of_IO  char_NN  ,_,  burgoo_NN  and_CC  pawnee_NN  ,_,  of_IO  mush_NN  and_CC  rooti_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  pozzywallahs_NNS  and_CC  squarepushing_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  also_RR  met_VVD  a_AT1  rich_JJ  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  experiences_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  meaning_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  letters_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  illiterate_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  or_CC  read_VVD  letters_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  received_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  lived_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  my_APP$  blushes_NNS  when_CS a_AT1  young_JJ  soldier_NN  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  read_VV0  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  a_AT1  servant_NN  girl_NN  ,_,  addressed_VBN  from_IO    the_AT1  Precincts_NPLS  ,_,  Peterborough_NP    and_CC  started_VVD  quite_RR  simply_RR  
    I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  bed_NN  with_IO  you_PPY    .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  the_AT1  little_JJ  cottage_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  where_CS a_AT1  local_JJ  prostitute_NN  lived_VVD  ,_,  heard_VVD  of_IO  her_APP$  technique_NN  for_IO  keeping_VBG  her_APP$  husband_NN  away_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  her_APP$  likely_JJ  customers_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1  troops_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  to_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  really_RR  believed_VBN  existed_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  tough-looking_JJ  Irish_JJ  reservist_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  smashed_JJ  elbow_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  doorkeeper_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Dublin_NP  Hotel_NNL1  ,_,  showed_VVD  me_PPIO1  his_APP$  notebook_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  prostitutes'_NN2  names_NNS  and_CC  addresses_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  hotel_NN  guests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Easter_NP  rebellion_NN  in_IO  Ireland_NP  brought_VVD  a_AT1  tense_JJ  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  soldiers_NNS  became_VVD  centres_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  with_IO  small_JJ  groups_NNS  in_IO  excited_JJ  conversation_NN  or_CC  argument_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  quarrelling_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  washers-up_NNS  over_IO  their_APP$  extra_JJ  beer_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  sat_VVD  alone_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  suffering_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  of_IO  life_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  from_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  expeditionary_JJ  force_NN  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  regular_JJ  soldier_NN  sat_VVD  talking_VBG  to_IO  me_PPIO1  one_MC1  day_NN  .  
  his_APP$  experiences_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  shocked_VBN  him_PPHO1  or_CC  embittered_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  see_VV0  something_PN1  else_RR  in_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  something_PN1  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  realized_VBN  existed_VVD  before_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  invented_VBN  a_AT1  word_NN  to_TO  describe_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  brutalitarianism_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  lived_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  men_NNS  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  a_AT1  friendship_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  kindness_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  met_VBN  before_II  and_CC  a_AT1  sympathy_NN  that_PNQS bridged_VVD  our_APP$  differing_JJ  attitudes_NNS  to_IO  war_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  Gallery_NNL1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  the_AT1  first_MD  evening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  soft_JJ  lighting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oil-lamps_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  little_JJ  lamps_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  lockers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  uniforms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Steinway_NP  Grand_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  paintings_NNS  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  another_DD1  picture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  light_NN  when_CS the_AT1  wards_NNS  are_VBR  tidied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  round_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  nurses_NNS  are_VBR  busy_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  bed_NN  or_CC  standing_VBG  by_IO  their_APP$  lockers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  talk_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  lead-swinging_NN  and_CC  of_IO  tickets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  regular_JJ  visits_NNS  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Walker_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  inspections_NNS  by_IO  Colonel_NNSB1  Openshaw_NP  or_CC  medical_JJ  red_JJ  hats_NNS  from_IO  London_NP  or_CC  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  Harvey_NP  Reeves_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  staff_NN  from_IO  Northampton_NP  ,_,  all_DB  mean_VV0  extra_JJ  care_NN  in_IO  sweeping_VBG  floors_NNS  and_CC  polishing_VBG  boilers_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  surgeons_NNS  never_RR  speak_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  but_CCB  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  tortured_JJ  flesh_NN  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  bone_NN  dug_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  clay_NN  .  
  one_MC1  morning_NN  a_AT1  red-hatted_JJ  gentleman_NN  calls_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  scissors_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  examines_VBZ  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  soldier's_NN1$  thigh_NN  ,_,  and_CC  without_IO  explanation_NN  plunges_VBZ  the_AT1  scissors_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  wound_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  gash_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  soldier_NN  shrieks_VBZ  and_CC  bounds_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  separate_VV0  the_AT1  men_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  wounds_NNS  and_CC  suffering_NN  .  
  the_AT1  faces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wounds_NNS  they_PPHS2  bore_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  beds_NNS  they_PPHS2  slept_VVD  in_IO  and_CC  even_RR  names_NNS  still_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  garrulous_JJ  Bracey_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  monotonous_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stiff_JJ  knee_NN  covered_VBN  with_IO  wounds_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  told_VVD  his_APP$  story_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  every_AT1  anaesthetic_NN  took_VVD  six_MC  months_NNS  off_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  life_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  had_VHN  sixteen_MC  ,_,  so_CS  that_DD1  meant_VBN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  eight_MC  years_NNS    and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  still_RR  more_DA  operations_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  ;_;  yet_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  than_CS  being_VBG  like_IO  Cain_NP  or_CC  Thompson_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  each_DD1  had_VHN  a_AT1  leg_NN  off_RP  ,_,  or_CC  better_JJ  still_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  Canadian_NN1  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  often_RR  carried_VVD  about_RP  in_IO  my_APP$  arms_NNS  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  both_DB2  his_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Max_NP  the_AT1  tall_JJ  Irish_JJ  guardsman_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  thin_JJ  waxen_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  black_JJ  hair_NN  who_PNQS distressed_VVD  me_PPIO1  more_RRR  than_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  stooped_VVD  and_CC  coughed_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  about_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  huge_JJ  wound_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  washed_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  long_JJ  tubes_NNS  and_CC  hissing_JJ  fluid_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  coughed_VVD  and_CC  spat_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  when_CS things_NNS  were_VBDR  bad_JJ  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  alone_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  beaten_VBN  and_CC  exhausted_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  Saint_NNSB1  from_IO  El_NP  Greco_NP  .  
  sometimes_RR  Max_NP  played_VVD  billiards_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  men_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  short_JJ  walk_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  friend_NN  Mason_NP  or_CC  with_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  nurses_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  quarrel_NN  would_VM  flare_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  his_APP$  Irish_JJ  voice_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  shouting_VBG  and_CC  swearing_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  billiard_NN  table_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  rebellion_NN  came_VVD  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  silent_JJ  and_CC  alone_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  Gallery_NNL1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  pale-faced_JJ  man_NN    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  the_AT1  one_MC1  called_VBN  Manchester_NP  .    who_PNQS limped_VVD  about_RP  with_IO  something_PN1  called_VBN  phlebitis_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  word_NN  that_PNQS carried_VVD  a_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  disaster_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  bed_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Gordon_NP  Highlander_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  gaping_JJ  cavity_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  calf_NN  .  
  one_MC1  summer_NN  evening_NN  after_IO  an_AT1  operation_NN  ,_,  something_PN1  happened_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  bed_NN  was_VBDZ  soaked_VBN  in_IO  blood_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  man_NN  lay_VVD  there_RL  still_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  sisters_NNS  got_VVD  tourniquets_NNS  and_CC  dressings_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ran_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  golf_NN  course_NN  for_IO  Matron_NNSB1  as_CS  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  setting_VBG  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  coke-boiler_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS looked_VVD  so_RG  cadaverous_JJ  and_CC  infinitely_RR  weary_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  shuffled_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  ward_NN  racked_VBN  with_IO  pain_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  stomach_NN  .  
  when_CS Sister_NNSB1  Dean_NP  said_VVD  ,_,      it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  wrong_JJ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  distressed_JJ  to_TO  confess_VV0  my_APP$  ignorance_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  when_CS \0Dr_NNSB1  Alec_NP  operated_VVD  but_CCB  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  what_DDQ  Sister_NNSB1  Dean_NP  had_VHD  expected_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  severe-looking_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS went_VVD  about_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  plaster_NN  round_IO  his_APP$  neck_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  sinister_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  stiffly_RR  turned_VVD  his_APP$  body_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  machine-gun_NN  bullet_NN  had_VHD  entered_VBN  his_APP$  neck_NN  ,_,  smashed_VBN  up_RP  his_APP$  spine_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  come_VBN  out_RP  through_IO  his_APP$  open_JJ  mouth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  believed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  carried_VVD  an_AT1  aura_NN  of_IO  fear_NN  and_CC  curiosity_NN  because_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  happened_VBN  had_VHD  his_APP$  mouth_NN  been_VBN  shut_VBN  .  
  Matron_NNSB1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  herself_PPX1  as_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  parade_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  medicines_NNS  each_DD1  day_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  Gallery_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  tired-looking_JJ  Madonna_NP  even_RR  smiles_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  often_RR  wonder_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  medicines_NNS  do_VD0  any_DD  good_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  of_IO  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  words_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  maidservant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  not_XX  quite_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  drain_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  men_NNS  come_VV0  in_RP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  day_NN  comes_VBZ  when_CS the_AT1  doctor_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  inspecting_JJ  surgeon_NN  gives_VBZ  them_PPHO1  their_APP$  discharge_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  go_VV0  off_RP  to_IO  other_DA  hospitals_NNS  or_CC  to_IO  their_APP$  depots_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  procession_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  .  black_JJ  watch_NN  ,_,  royal_JJ  fusiliers_NNS  ,_,  royal_JJ  horse_NN  artillery_NN  ,_,  Irish_JJ  guards_NNS  ,_,  Bedfordshires_NP2  ,_,  Northamptonshires_NP2  ,_,  \0K.O.Y.L.I_NP  ,_,  Manchesters_NP2  ,_,  Lancashires_NP2  ,_,  Gordon_NP  Highlanders_NP2  .  .  
  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  .  .  
  the_AT1  faces_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wounds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  badges_NNS  .  
  as_CS  spring_NN  was_VBDZ  turning_VBG  into_IO  summer_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  incident_NN  occurred_VVD  which_DDQ  momentarily_RR  brought_VVD  the_AT1  inner_JB  and_CC  outer_JB  world_NN  together_RR  .  
  one_MC1  Saturday_NN1  night_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  noisy_JJ  crowd_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  billiard_NN  table_NN  ,_,  pockets_NNS  bulging_VBG  with_IO  flasks_NNS  after_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Peterborough_NP  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  oaths_NNS  and_CC  swearing_NN  and_CC  cries_NNS  of_IO    pot_VV0  the_AT1  red_JJ    .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  pillared_JJ  Hall_NNL1  with_IO  the_AT1  trolley_NN  when_CS Mac_NP  lurched_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  cue_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  shouted_VVD  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  buggers_NNS  like_IO  you_PPY  who_PNQS should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  trenches_NNS    .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  cries_NNS  of_IO    shut_VV0  up_RP    to_IO  Mac_NP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  staggered_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  all_DB  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  when_CS I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  .  
  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  morning_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  came_VVD  down_RP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  letter_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  orderlies'_NN2  room_NN  addressed_VBN  in_IO  very_RG  childish_JJ  writing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  note_NN  from_IO  Mac_NP  asking_VBG  forgiveness_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  the_AT1  night_NN  before_II  .  
  would_VM  I_PPIS1  please_UH  understand_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  drunk_JJ  and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  meant_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  filled_VVD  with_IO  tears_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  outside_RP  disappeared_VVD  as_CS  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  the_AT1  uneducated_JJ  little_JJ  note_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  guardsman_NN  .  
  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  Mac_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  walked_VBN  slowly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  together_RR  ,_,  stopping_VBG  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  because_IO  of_II  his_APP$  coughing_NN  .  
  soon_RR  afterwards_RR  Mac_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  depot_NN  at_IO  Northampton_NP  ,_,  and_CC  whilst_CS  there_RL  went_VVD  to_IO  tea_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  afterwards_RR  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  fe*?5te_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  1st_MD  ,_,  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Fitzwilliam_NP  ,_,  Thompson_NP  auctioning_VBG  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  billycock_NN  hat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fitzwilliam_NP  looking_VBG  on_RP  benevolently_RR  .  at_RR  last_RR  coming_VBG  to_IO  terms_NNS  with_IO  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rawness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jungle_NN  I_PPIS1  mastered_VVD  reduced_VVD  the_AT1  bible_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  reassuring_JJ  proportion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  perspective_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  destructive_JJ  activity_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  fit_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  cathedral_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stable's_NN1$  calm_NN    the_AT1  light_NN  splitting_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  cracks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  silence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  faint_JJ  scratching_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mouse_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  rat_NN  ,_,  or_CC  leaves_NNS  idly_RR  swinging_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  imagination_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  positive_JJ  sound_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  sister_NN  approaching_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  seeing_VBG  me_PPIO1  but_CCB  knowing_VBG  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  complaining_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  waited_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  busily_RR  engaged_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  rehabilitation_NN  to_TO  want_VV0  her_APP$  company_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN    suspect_JJ  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  and_CC  further_RRR  suspect_JJ  owing_IO  to_II  her_APP$  happy_JJ  association_NN  with_IO  holy_JJ  writ_NN  that_PNQS linked_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  till_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  welcome_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  caring_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  until_IO  Saturday_NN1  night_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  church_NN  bell_NN  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  morning_NN  ,_,  all_DB  women_NNS  were_VBDR  suspect_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  hour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  box-pew_NN  remorselessly_RR  approached_VVD    the_AT1  hour_NN  of_IO  avoiding_JJ  looking_VBG  at_IO  Milly_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  her_PPHO1  with_IO  my_APP$  visual_JJ  world_NN    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  only_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  of_IO  afternoon_NN  when_CS the_AT1  sunlight_NN  froze_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  tops_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  immobilized_VBN  as_IO  I_PPIS1  by_IO  the_AT1  bible_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  to_IO  the_AT1  stable_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  to_IO  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  room_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  causing_VBG  an_AT1  interruption_NN  ,_,  for_CS  my_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  faculty_NN  of_IO  gazing_VBG  beyond_IO  people_NNS  into_IO  space_NN  inhabited_VBN  by_IO  other_DA  and_CC  more_RG  exciting_JJ  ones_CD1S  than_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  actually_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  these_DD2  people_NNS  ,_,  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  under_IO  drawings_NNS  and_CC  verses_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  autograph_NN  books_NNS    people_NNS  my_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  met_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  heaven_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  hotels_NNS    dwelt_VVD  with_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  loneliness_NN  still_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  continued_JJ  pleasure_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  company_NN  was_VBDZ  denied_VBN  her_PPHO1  by_IO  my_APP$  entry_NN  ;_;  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  banished_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  both_DB2  they_PPHS2  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  something_PN1  of_IO  our_APP$  corporeality_NN  by_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  together_RR  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  romantic_JJ  past_NN  my_APP$  mother_NN  perpetuated_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  peering_VBG  in_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  brought_VVD  back_RP  colour_NN  which_DDQ  (_(  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  divorced_VBN  from_IO  any_DD  discernible_JJ  form_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  more_RG  tangible_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  bible_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  from_IO  .  
  my_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  disappointed_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  reasoned_VVD  ,_,  on_IO  purely_RR  technical_JJ  grounds_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  my_APP$  failure_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  his_APP$  teachings_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  spirituality_NN  ;_;  whereas_CS  my_APP$  mother_NN  found_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  myself_PPX1  as_IO  my_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  chagrin_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  years_NNS  which_DDQ  separated_VVD  me_PPIO1  from_IO  my_APP$  elder_JJ  brother_NN  were_VBDR  an_AT1  insupportable_JJ  barrier_NN  that_PNQS gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  greater_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  believed_VVD  my_APP$  brother_NN  somehow_RR  knew_VVD  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ski-ing_JJ  party_NN    the_AT1  women_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  large_JJ  hats_NNS  and_CC  veils_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  posed_VBN  against_IO  mountains_NNS  as_RG  immovable_JJ  as_IO  their_APP$  moustaches_NNS    that_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  passe-partout_NN  mount_NN  ,_,  broke_VVD  the_AT1  faded_JJ  roses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  approached_VVD  my_APP$  mother_NN  I_PPIS1  wished_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  dividing_JJ  years_NNS  could_VM  evaporate_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  get_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  far-off_JB  friends_NNS  who_PNQS hovered_VVD  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  half-way_RR  .  
  but_CCB  although_CS  her_APP$  recognition_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  moderately_RR  welcoming_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  looking_VBG  beyond_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  whom-ever_WPO  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  considering_VBG  appeared_VVD  more_RRR  like_IO  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  my_APP$  brother_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  real_JJ  personage_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  ghastly_JJ  thing_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  ,_,  starting_VBG  at_RR  random_RR  and_CC  never_RR  catching_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  another_DD1  life_NN  that_PNQS also_RR  started_VVD  at_RR  random_RR  .  
  no_AT1  life_NN  ever_RR  drew_VVD  nearer_IO  another_DD1  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gaps_NNS  between_IO  lives_NNS  remained_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  inflicting_VBG  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  endless_JJ  childhood_NN  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  escape_NN  from_IO  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  my_APP$  mother_NN  opened_VVD  a_AT1  book_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  abandon_VV0  the_AT1  struggle_NN  to_TO  grow_VV0  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  book_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  alpine_JJ  flowers_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  mother_NN  so_RR  treasured_VVD  it_PPH1  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  on_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  turning_VBG  the_AT1  pages_NNS  over_RP  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  protected_VBN  by_IO  tissue_NN  paper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plates_NNS  depicted_VVD  flowers_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  the_AT1  artist_NN  had_VHD  painted_VBN  mountains_NNS  ,_,  rocks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  glaciers_NNS  behind_IO  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  one_MC1  picture_NN  had_VHD  even_RR  added_VBN  a_AT1  chamois_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  distance_NN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  chamois_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  animal_NN  rather_RR  outre*?2_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  said_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  cover_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  on_IO  alpine_JJ  flowers_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  have_VH0  surely_RR  satisfied_VBN  the_AT1  artist_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  passed_VBN  the_AT1  chamois_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  my_APP$  mother_NN  something_PN1  of_IO  my_APP$  defeat_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  atonement_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  parable_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mustard_NN  seed_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  pay_VV0  attention_NN  as_CS  her_APP$  whole_JJ  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  focused_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Edelweiss_NN  ,_,  gentian_NN  ,_,  or_CC  Christ's_PPIO2  thorn_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  too_RR  concentrated_VVD  in_IO  forgetting_VBG  my_APP$  troubles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  alpine_JJ  flowers_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  open_VV0  a_AT1  portfolio_NN  of_IO  water-colours_NNS  and_CC  become_VV0  lost_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  former_DA  life_NN    the_AT1  full_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  past_JB  that_PNQS their_APP$  contours_NNS  described_VVD  for_IO  her_PPHO1  especially_RR  .  
  here_RL  again_RR  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  veil_NN  separating_VBG  me_PPIO1  from_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ski-ing_JJ  party_NN  .  
  the_AT1  silver_JJ  water_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lake_NN  caught_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shifting_JJ  light_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  anonymous_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  chalet_NN  perched_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  slope_NN  smothered_VBN  in_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  fully_RR  credible_JJ    but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  my_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  actually_RR  stood_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  actually_RR  climbed_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  chalet_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  them_PPHO1  entirely_RR  hers_PP$  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  countries_NNS  her_APP$  paintings_NNS  translated_VVD  into_IO  personal_JJ  property_NN  were_VBDR  more_RG  remote_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  the_AT1  atlas_NN    described_VBN  once_RR  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  equally_RR  for_IO  everyone_PN1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  I_PPIS1  preferred_VVD  looking_VBG  at_IO  alpine_JJ  flowers_NNS  and_CC  gardens_NNS  which_DDQ  mollified_VVD  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  theatrical_JJ  intensity_NN  of_IO  decapitating_VBG  the_AT1  cow-parsley_NN  that_PNQS guarded_VVD  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stable_NN  .  
  and_CC  although_CS  we_PPIS2  sought_VVD  different_JJ  rendezvous_NNS    my_APP$  mother_NN  hankering_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  the_AT1  future_NN    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  voiceless_JJ  understanding_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  something_PN1  conspiratorial_JJ  in_IO  our_APP$  activity_NN  .  
  for_CS  my_APP$  father_NN  treated_VVD  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  horticultural_JJ  interests_NNS  with_IO  gruff_JJ  contempt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  slowly_RR  continued_VVD  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  pages_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  gainsay_VV0  my_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  bible_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  two_MC  books_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  suggested_VVD  a_AT1  clear-cut_JJ  issue_NN  between_IO  my_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  reality_NN  furthered_VVD  my_APP$  bewilderment_NN  .  
  for_CS  why_CS ,_,  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  myself_PPX1  ,_,  since_CS  my_APP$  father_NN  scoffed_VVD  at_IO  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  interest_NN  in_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  encourage_VV0  mine_PP$  in_IO  insects_NNS  and_CC  birds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  little_DA  concern_NN  for_IO  natural_JJ  history_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  yet_CF  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  special_JJ  journey_NN  to_IO  Douglas_NP  to_TO  buy_VV0  me_PPIO1  books_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  and_CC  encouraged_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  enter_VV0  my_APP$  observations_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  notebook_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  only_RR  conclude_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RR  mystified_VBN  I_PPIS1  displayed_VVD  any_DD  enthusiasm_NN  whatever_DDQ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  welcomed_VVD  natural_JJ  history_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  path_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  salvation_NN  he_PPHO1  desired_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  grass_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  field_NN  was_VBDZ  brittle_JJ  and_CC  brown_JJ  ,_,  silvered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  wind_NN  that_PNQS went_VVD  through_IO  it_PPH1  like_IO  a_AT1  comb_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  it_PPH1  nod_VV0  and_CC  sway_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  essence_NN  of_IO  summer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  summer_NN  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  endless_JJ  summer_NN  of_IO  drifting_JJ  pollen_NN  and_CC  gleams_NNS  and_CC  flashes_NNS  in_IO  lazy_JJ  trees_NNS  that_PNQS surrounded_VVD  the_AT1  field_NN  and_CC  cast_VVD  their_APP$  jangled_JJ  shadows_NNS  ,_,  drowsy_JJ  and_CC  unnumbered_JJ  across_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  cloud_NN  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  so_RR  it_PPH1  gently_RR  left_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  field_NN  spoke_VVD  and_CC  murmured_VVD  in_IO  its_APP$  sleep_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  cries_NNS  of_IO  birds_NNS  were_VBDR  reminders_NNS  of_IO  things_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  things_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  as_RG  well_RR  left_VBN  undone_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  time_NN  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  .  
  my_APP$  sister_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  given_VBN  up_RP  looking_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  corn-crakes_NNS  whose_PNQV$  tantalizing_JJ  cries_NNS  ,_,  sounding_VBG  so_RG  near_II  and_CC  so_RG  far_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  deceptive_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  itself_PPX1  and_CC  the_AT1  tremors_NNS  that_PNQS turned_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  a_AT1  sea_NN  where_CS the_AT1  fins_NNS  of_IO  fishes_NNS  darted_VVD  ,_,  hither_RR  and_CC  thither_RR  ,_,  confusing_VBG  the_AT1  whereabouts_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  birds_NNS  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  surveying_VBG  this_DD1  sea_NN  that_PNQS hid_VVD  their_APP$  calls_NNS  till_CS  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  but_II  a_AT1  part_NN  that_PNQS accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  general_JJ  noise_NN  of_IO  summer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  corn-crake_NN  was_VBDZ  fabulous_JJ  and_CC  its_APP$  voice_NN  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  to_TO  issue_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  throat_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  exactly_RR  and_CC  tersely_RR  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  name_NN  in_IO  Roman_JJ  letters_NNS  followed_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  Latin_JJ  name_NN  in_IO  italics_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  the_AT1  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  and_CC  surely_RR  to-day_NN1  we_PPIS2  would_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  corn-crakes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  never_RR  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  day_NN  after_IO  day_NN  the_AT1  birds_NNS  hid_VVD  from_IO  view_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  voices_NNS  tantalized_VVD  .  
  then_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  Monday_NN1  when_CS the_AT1    get_VV0  ready_JJ  gong_NN    had_VHD  been_VBN  forgotten_VBN  and_CC  (_(  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Monday_NN1  )_)  my_APP$  father_NN  sat_VVD  in_IO  double_JJ  gloom_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  corn-crakes_NNS    as_CS  though_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  lifting_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  magic_JJ  wand_NN    appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  male_NN  ,_,  barred_VBN  with_IO  brown_NN  and_CC  buff_NN  (_(  correct_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  )_)  ,_,  stood_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  stump_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  daffodil_NN  bank_NN  ,_,  now_RL  sear_JJ  and_CC  yellow_JJ  with_IO  summer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  female_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  chicks_NNS  pecked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  below_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  watched_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  foreordained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  unexpectedness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  meal_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  plates_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  cleared_VBN  away_RP  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  became_VVD  happy_JJ  partners_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  conspiracy_NN  of_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  Samuel_NP  doing_VBG  his_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  suppress_VV0  the_AT1  ticking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  my_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  mother_NN  stood_VVD  at_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  grouped_VBN  around_IO  my_APP$  grandmother_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  needlessly_RR  holding_VBG  her_APP$  finger_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
  for_CS  our_APP$  silence_NN  was_VBDZ  natural_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  shared_VVD  the_AT1  easy_JJ  attachment_NN  that_PNQS united_VVD  the_AT1  corn-crake_NN  family_NN  .  
  the_AT1  naturalness_NN  had_VHD  turned_VBN  us_PPIO2   into_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  opposite_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  separate_JJ  characteristics_NNS  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  to_TO  exist_VV0  ,_,  harmonized_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  shared_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  rather_RR  like_IO  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  anxiety_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  searching_VBG  for_IO  spirituality_NN    for_CS  the_AT1  corn-crakes_NNS  were_VBDR  beyond_IO  criticism_NN  .  
  how_CS long_RR  would_VM  this_DD1  sublime_JJ  moment_NN  last_VV0  .  
  how_CS long_RR  could_VM  the_AT1  birds_NNS  be_VB0  undisturbed_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  task_NN  of_IO  arresting_VBG  time_NN  .  
  to-day_NN1  was_VBDZ  to-day_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  yesterday_NN1  was_VBDZ  yesterday_NN1  .  
  yesterday_NN1  had_VHD  ordained_VBN  to-day_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  walking_VBG  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kissack_NP  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  fun-fair_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  broken_VBN  her_APP$  leg_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS we_PPIS2  got_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  my_APP$  father_NN  went_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  stayed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  gorse_NN  flared_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  headlights_NNS  of_IO  cars_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  lark_NN  was_VBDZ  singing_VBG  high_RR  up_RP  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  cow-dung_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  goose-dung_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  (_(  a_AT1  flock_NN  of_IO  geese_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  gaggle_NN  of_IO  geese_NNS  .  )_)  
  two_MC  dogs_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  tongues_NNS  out_RP  were_VBDR  lying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  where_CS nettles_NNS  sprang_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  brown_JJ  waistcoat_NN  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  brown_JJ  field_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  working_VBG  and_CC  the_AT1  lark_NN  stopped_VBN  singing_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  world_NN  stilled_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  piece_NN    as_CS  now_RL  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  spat_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  took_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  scythe_NN  again_RR  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  busy_JJ  again_RR    the_AT1  man_NN  working_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  lark_NN  singing_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  panting_VBG  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  back_RP  my_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  said_VBN  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  harvest_NN  festival_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  .  .  
  the_AT1  male_JJ  bird_NN  lifted_VVD  his_APP$  beak_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  and_CC  cocked_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  ruffling_VBG  the_AT1  grass_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  corn-crakes_NNS  (_(  as_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  )_)  sensed_VVD  danger_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  scuttled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  clumsy_JJ  chicks_NNS  tumbling_VBG  over_IO  themselves_PPX2  as_CS  they_PPHS2  followed_VVD  as_CS  best_RBT  they_PPHS2  could_VM  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  swiftly_RR  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,  broken_VBN  up_RP  into_IO  formal_JJ  shapes_NNS  and_CC  levels_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ordinary_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  church_NN  spire_NN  ,_,  coming_VBG  to_IO  life_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  jutted_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  frowned_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  triviality_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  preoccupation_NN  .  7_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  actually_RR  developed_VVD  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  three_MC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  contrived_VBN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  developed_VVD  naturally_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  Catherine_NP  having_VHG  been_VBN  cast_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  Georgina_NP  reigned_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  stead_NN  undisputed_JJ  queen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  official_JJ  social_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  indeed_RR  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  official_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Ellen_NP  held_VVD  any_DD  emotional_JJ  sway_NN  over_IO  Charles_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  reputations_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  were_VBDR  safeguarded_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  met_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  nicety_NN  .  
  Georgina_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  clever_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  Charles_NP  ,_,  herself_PPX1  and_CC  Ellen_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  solve_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  this_DD1  clever_JJ  arrangement_NN  smoothed_VVD  them_PPHO1  out_RP  for_IO  all_DB  parties_NNS  .  
  Forster_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  prudent_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  of_IO  business_NN  ,_,  while_CS  deploring_VBG  the_AT1  situation_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  arisen_VBN  ,_,  might_VM  discreetly_RR  advise_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  lines_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  continued_JJ  success_NN  of_IO  Dickens_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  household_NN  saint_NN  writing_VBG  virtuous_JJ  books_NNS  ,_,  divorce_NN  and_CC  re-marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  ;_;  besides_II  ,_,  Georgina_NP  would_VM  not_XX  connive_VV0  at_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  deposition_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Ellen_NP  might_VM  well_RR  recoil_VV0  from_IO  becoming_VBG  stepmother_NN  to_IO  girls_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  age_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  gang_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  boys_NNS  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  Georgina_NP  and_CC  Forster_NP  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  thought_VBN  alike_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  drummed_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  Dickens_NP  ,_,  that_CS    their_APP$  father's_NN1$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  best_JJT  asset_NN    ,_,    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  their_APP$  only_DA  asset_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hers_PP$  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS    and_CC  her_APP$  own_DA    was_VBDZ  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  that_DD1  good_JJ  name_NN  .  
  and_CC  to_TO  write_VV0  his_APP$  best_JJT  both_DB2  Forster_NP  and_CC  Georgina_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  Dickens_NP  needed_VVD  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  mind_NN  ;_;  freedom_NN  from_IO  care_NN  and_CC  worry_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  efficiently-functioning_JB  household_NN  ;_;  emotional_JJ  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  satisfactions_NNS  and_CC  companionships_NNS    all_DB  that_PNQS poor_JJ  Catherine_NP  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  miserable_JJ  inadequacy_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  failed_VBN  in_IO  providing_VBG  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  storm_NN  broke_VVD  ,_,  Georgina_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  felt_VBN  no_AT1  qualms_NNS  over_IO  assisting_VBG  actively_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sacrifice_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  sister's_NN1$  happiness_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  consolidating_VBG  her_APP$  own_DA  usurpation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  sister's_NN1$  husband_NN  ,_,  home_NN1  and_CC  children_NNS  .  
  in_IO  justice_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  in_IO  mitigation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  conduct_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  according_IO  to_II  Dickens'_PPIO2  emphatic_JJ  testimony_NN  ,_,  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  striven_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  husband_NN  and_CC  wife_NN  together_RR  ,_,  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Dickens'_PPIO2  expressed_JJ  desires_NNS  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_APP$  husband_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  wife's_NN1$  expressed_JJ  intention_NN  to_TO  desert_VV0  her_APP$  husband_NN  when_CS jealous_JJ  or_CC  annoyed_JJ  is_VBZ  common_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  seldom_RR  taken_VBN  too_RG  seriously_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  regarded_VBN  by_IO  most_DA  husbands_NNS  as_CS  meaning_VBG  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Micawber's_PPIO2  frequent_JJ  declaration_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  will_VM  desert_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Micawber_NP  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  disbelieve_VV0  Dickens'_PPIO2  story_NN  of_IO  Georgina_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  mediator_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ;_;  there_EX  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  cogent_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  her_APP$  doing_VBG  her_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  prevent_VV0  a_AT1  rupture_NN  in_IO  previous_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  goodwill_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  plant_NN  of_IO  gradual_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  she_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  believed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  Dickens_NP  did_VDD  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  fight_NN  (_(  as_CS  he_PPHO1  unhappily_RR  called_VVD  it_PPH1  )_)  could_VM  only_RR  go_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  contestants_NNS  ,_,  being_VBG  released_VBN  by_IO  death_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  marital_JJ  torments_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  irksome_JJ  yoke_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  needed_VVD  time_NN  to_TO  consolidate_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  position_NN  both_DB2  with_IO  Dickens_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  generally_RR  ,_,  that_CS  until_CS  her_APP$  own_DA  place_NN  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  as_CS  supreme_JJ  and_CC  unassailable_JJ  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  poor_JJ  Kate_NP  to_TO  leave_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  that_CS  once_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  secured_VBN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  eager_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  cuckoo_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nest_NN  once_CS  firmly_RR  settled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  having_VHG  ejected_VBN  the_AT1  mother-bird_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  by_IO  one_MC1  the_AT1  baby-birds_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  pushed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .  
  8_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  boy_NN  Charley_NP  was_VBDZ  of_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  flying_VBG  off_RP  and_CC  building_VBG  a_AT1  nest_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  both_DB2  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  father_NN  agreed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  nest_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  care_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  less_DA  excuse_NN  for_IO  hustling_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  second_MD  boy_NN  ,_,  Walter_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  sixteen_MC  ,_,  became_VVD  a_AT1  cadet_NN  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  India_NP  company_NN  .  
  his_APP$  health_NN  could_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  the_AT1  climate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  soon_RR  died_VVD  in_IO  Calcutta_NP  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  son_NN  ,_,  Frank_NP  ,_,  after_IO  failing_VBG  in_IO  attempts_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  farmer_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  business-man_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  journalist_NN  ,_,  left_VVD  the_AT1  country_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Bengal_NP  police_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fourth_MD  ,_,  Alfred_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fifth_MD  boy_NN  ,_,  Sydney_NP  ,_,  left_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN  and_CC  died_VBN  after_IO  entering_VBG  upon_IO  unsatisfactory_JJ  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  Georgina_NP  said_VVD  would_VM  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  certain_JJ  misery_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  happen_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  hereafter_RR    on_IO  which_DDQ  question_VV0  his_APP$  affectionate_JJ  aunt_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  commit_VV0  herself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  sixth_MD  son_NN  ,_,  Henry_NP  ,_,  resisted_VVD  all_DB  attempts_NNS  to_TO  dislodge_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  managed_VVD  to_TO  maintain_VV0  his_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nest_NN  by_IO  winning_VBG  scholarships_NNS  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  and_CC  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  steady_JJ  inclination_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  call_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  youngest_JJT  boy_NN  Edward_NP  ,_,  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  as_IO    Plorn_NP  ,_,    was_VBDZ  also_RR  exiled_VBN  in_IO  Australia_NP  like_IO  Alfred_NP  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  especial_JJ  weeping_NN  and_CC  gnashing_NN  of_IO  teeth_NNS  over_IO  his_APP$  emigration_NN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  Henry_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  boys_NNS  did_VDD  little_DA  good_NN  .  
  Dickens_NP  had_VHD  openly_RR  regretted_VBN  the_AT1  births_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  later_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  saying_VBG    as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN    that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  compliments_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  mother_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  could_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  dispensed_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  humorously_RR  suggesting_VBG  a_AT1  special_JJ  service_NN  of_IO  intercession_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Paul's_PPIO2  Cathedral_NNL1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG  done_VBN  enough_DD  towards_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  country's_NN1$  population_NN  .  
  his_APP$  allusions_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  later_JJ  pregnancies_NNS  were_VBDR  only_RR  too_RG  often_RR  in_IO  questionable_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  downright_RR  bad_JJ  ,_,  taste_NN  .  
  fond_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  very_RG  young_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  boys_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  older_JJ  ,_,  were_VBDR  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  decided_JJ  encumbrances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  Georgina_NP  thought_VVD  so_PN1  too_RR  .  
  their_APP$  cost_NN  and_CC  charges_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  ,_,  made_VVD  his_APP$  hair_NN  stand_VV0  on_IO  end_NN  .  
  exile_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  after_IO  another_DD1  soon_RR  relieved_VVD  the_AT1  pressure_NN  ;_;  and_CC  at_RR  last_RR  Gad's_PPIO2  Hill_NNL1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR    pervaded_VBN  by_IO  boys_NNS  ,_,  every_AT1  boy_NN  having_VHG  an_AT1  unaccountable_JJ  and_CC  awful_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  producing_VBG  himself_PPX1  in_IO  every_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  every_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  apparently_RR  in_IO  fourteen_MC  pairs_NNS  of_IO  creaking_JJ  boots_NNS    ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  distracted_JJ  author_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  most_RG  stringent_JJ  home_NN1  discipline_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  father_NN  personally_RR  enforced_VVD  .  
  Father_NNSB1  and_CC  Aunty_NNSB1  Georgy_NP  having_VHG  proved_VBN  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  girls_NNS  Mamie_NP  and_CC  Katey_NP  were_VBDR  less_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  Mamie_NP  was_VBDZ  more_RG  tractable_JJ  than_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  both_DB2  to_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  aunt_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  cleaved_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  deserted_VVD  her_APP$  mother_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  .  
  Kate_NP  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  independence_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  concealed_JJ  distrust_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  virtuous_JJ  aunt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  visited_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  affliction_NN  ,_,  though_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_RR  awed_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  protest_VV0  or_CC  fight_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  uncomfortable_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  re*?2gime_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  home_NN1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  involved_VVD  making_VBG  a_AT1  loveless_JJ  marriage_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  consumptive_JJ  bridegroom_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  first_MD  husband_NN  Charles_NP  Alston_NP  Collins_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  brother_NN  of_IO  Wilkie_NP  .  
  so_RR  triumphed_VVD  the_AT1  cuckoo_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nest_NN  .  
  her_APP$  nest_NN  at_RR  last_RR  !_!  
  thereafter_RR  ,_,  for_IO  Georgina_NP  Hogarth_NP  ,_,  undisputed_JJ  mistress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dickens_NP  me*?2nage_NN  ,_,  life_NN  was_VBDZ  tranquil_JJ  at_IO  Gad's_PPIO2  Hill_NNL1  .  
  Mamie_NP  relieved_VVD  her_PPHO1  of_IO  much_DA  domestic_JJ  duty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  servants_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  .  
  social_JJ  invitations_NNS  to_IO  Dickens_NP  now_RL  almost_RR  always_RR  included_VVD  Georgina_NP    Dickens_NP  saw_VVD  to_IO  that_DD1    and_CC  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  about_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  since_CS  Mamie_NP  was_VBDZ  fond_JJ  of_IO  parties_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sometimes_RR  included_VBN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  social_JJ  invitations_NNS  from_IO  Dickens_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS remained_VVD  as_RG  social_JJ  and_CC  convivial_JJ  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  pre-eminently_RR  Georgina's_PPIO2  administrative_JJ  affair_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  acquitted_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  perfection_NN  always_RR  .  
  as_CS  time_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  scandal_NN  about_IO  her_PPHO1  gradually_RR  died_VVD  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  decorum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Gad's_PPIO2  Hill_NNL1  household_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  played_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  killing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  forgotten_VBN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  although_CS  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  received_VVD  both_DB2  Dickens_NP  and_CC  Mamie_NP  at_IO  court_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  never_RR  any_DD  court_NN  invitation_NN  for_IO  Georgina_NP  .  
  9_MC  .  
  when_CS Dickens_NP  ,_,  ageing_VBG  beyond_IO  his_APP$  years_NNS  ,_,  worn_VBN  by_IO  incessant_JJ  toils_NNS  ,_,  anxieties_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  financial_JJ  burdens_NNS  of_IO  helping_VBG  relatives_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  declining_JJ  health_NN  ,_,  rushed_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  even_RR  went_VVD  to_IO  America_NP  again_RR  to_TO  give_VV0    readings_NNS    from_IO  his_APP$  books_NNS  to_IO  large_JJ  and_CC  wildly_RR  enraptured_JJ  audiences_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  enrichment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  banking-account_NN  ,_,  Georgina_NP  stayed_VVD  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  received_VVD  vivid_JJ  letters_NNS  recounting_VBG  his_APP$  adventures_NNS  and_CC  triumphs_NNS  .  
  Catherine_NP  gone_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  children_NNS  also_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  quietly_RR  and_CC  comfortably_RR  while_CS  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  steadying_JJ  influence_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  everything_PN1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  rolled_VVD  by_RP  ,_,  her_APP$  influence_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  strengthened_VVD  still_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  as_CS  indeed_RR  one_MC1  might_VM  expect_VV0  ,_,  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  habit_NN  .  
  his_APP$  welfare_NN  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  sole_JB  and_CC  constant_JJ  preoccupation_NN  ;_;  no_AT1  wife_NN  or_CC  mother_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  solicitous_JJ  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  absent_JJ  from_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  every_AT1  fluctuation_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  health_NN  was_VBDZ  faithfully_RR  recounted_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  Georgina_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  ever_RR  upon_IO  his_APP$  pen_NN  as_CS  once_RR  Kate_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  .  
  and_CC  his_APP$    pair_NN  of_IO  petticoats_NNS    for_IO  public_JJ  inspection_NN  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  another_DD1  petticoat_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  emotional_JJ  background_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  now_RL  Georgina_NP  and_CC  Mamie_NP    and_CC  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  outwardly_RR  respectable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  they_PPHS2  who_PNQS went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  farewell_NN  dinner_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  1867_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  invited_VBN  to_TO  visit_VV0  America_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  .  
  his_APP$  visit_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  success_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  they_PPHS2  who_PNQS welcomed_VVD  him_PPHO1  back_RP  to_IO  Gad's_PPIO2  Hill_NNL1  upon_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  .  
  Georgina_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  Dickens_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  met_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  railway_NN  accident_NN  at_IO  Staplehurst_NP  ,_,  as_CS  were_VBDR  Ellen_NP  Ternan_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS Dickens_NP  was_VBDZ  reading_VBG  in_IO  Ireland_NP  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  Georgina_NP  and_CC  Mamie_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  excursion_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  return_NN  train_NN  from_IO  Belfast_NP  met_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  accident_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  three_MC  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  flung_VVD  themselves_PPX2  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  carriage_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  injury_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  horrid_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  have_VH0  reminded_VBN  Georgina_NP  of_IO  adventure_NN  in_IO  Italy_NP  long_RR  ,_,  long_RR  ago_RR  .  
  then_RL  as_CS  Dickens'_PPIO2  health_NN  worsened_VVD  owing_IO  to_II  his_APP$  long-continued_JJ  exertions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  giving_VBG  public_JJ  readings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  became_VVD  clear_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  verge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stroke_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  doctors_NNS  insisted_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  giving_VBG  up_RP  these_DD2  exhausting_JJ  public_JJ  appearances_NNS  .  
  realising_VBG  his_APP$  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  past_JB  expensiveness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  Catherine_NP  and_CC  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  Georgina_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  in_IO  pontificatory_JJ  words_NNS  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  solemnly_RR  enjoin_VV0  my_APP$  dear_JJ  children_NNS  always_RR  to_TO  remember_VV0  how_CS much_DA  they_PPHS2  owe_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  Georgina_NP  Hogarth_NP  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  wanting_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  grateful_JJ  and_CC  affectionate_JJ  attachment_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  well_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  ,_,  through_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  stages_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  growth_NN  and_CC  progress_NN  their_APP$  ever_RR  useful_JJ  ,_,  self-denying_JJ  and_CC  devoted_JJ  friend_NN  .    
  tribute_NN  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  more_RG  emphatic_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  debt_NN  to_IO  Georgina_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  obvious_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  desirable_JJ  to_TO  spare_VV0  Georgina's_PPIO2  blushes_NNS  over_IO  her_APP$  superiority_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  children's_NN2  mother_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Mamie_NP  and_CC  Harry_NP  certainly_RR  heeded_VVD  their_APP$  father's_NN1$  injunction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  after_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  there_EX  came_VVD  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS even_RR  Mamie_NP  failed_VVD  in_IO  devotion_NN  to_IO  her_APP$    Aunt_NNSB1  Georgy_NP    .  opera_NN  ,_,  symphony_NN  ,_,  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  instrumental_JJ  and_CC  vocal_JJ  music_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  chamber_NN  music_NN  .  
  his_APP$  reading_NN  was_VBDZ  considerable_JJ  in_IO  classical_JJ  and_CC  English_JJ  and_CC  French_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  Dickens_NP  by_IO  heart_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ranked_VVD    vanity_NN  fair_NN    of_IO  Thackeray_NP  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  English_JJ  novel_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  period_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sceptical_JJ  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  writing_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  composition_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  guessed_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  politics_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  conservative_NN    with_IO  freedom_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  against_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  whatever_DDQ  its_APP$  colour_NN  or_CC  party_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  good_JJ  food_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  wine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  cigars_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  to_IO  excess_NN  .  
  no_AT1  alcohol_NN  had_VHD  power_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  quick_JJ  balanced_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  aback_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  one_MC1  day_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  :_:  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  sometimes_RR  wonder_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  wasted_VBN  myself_PPX1  to_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  by_IO  giving_VBG  myself_PPX1  almost_RR  wholly_RR  to_IO  music_NN  .  
  for_IO  music_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  ever_RR  encourage_VV0  abstract_JJ  thinking_NN  or_CC  pungency_NN  of_IO  comment_NN  or_CC  dialectical_JJ  agility_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  born_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  legal_JJ  profession_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  in_IO  music_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  absolutist_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  patience_NN  with_IO  music_NN  which_DDQ  carried_VVD  extra-musical_JJ  significances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  also_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  patience_NN  with_IO  conductors_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  performer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS found_VVD  an_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  dialectic_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  hint_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  metaphysic_NN  in_IO  music_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seek_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  notes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  music_NN  for_IO  some_DD  inner_JB  meaning_NN  .  
  often_RR  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  the_AT1    possessed_JJ    artist_NN  in_IO  music_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  connoisseur_NN  ,_,  collecting_VBG  composers_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  collected_VVD  his_APP$  furniture_NN  and_CC  plate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  fondled_VVD  music_NN  ,_,  handled_VVD  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  and_CC  dotingly_RR    unless_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  that_PNQS protested_VVD  too_RG  much_RR  ,_,  assaulted_VVD  fastidiousness_NN  of_IO  taste_NN  and_CC  sensitivity_NN  .  
    Mahler_NP  .  
  Wagner_NP  .  
  Bruckner_NP  .    he_PPHO1  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  cross-examining_VBG  me_PPIO1  .  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  civilised_JJ  .  
  Mahler_NP  exposes_VBZ  his_APP$  self-pity_NN  ;_;  Wagner_NP  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  genius_NN  ,_,  gorged_VVD  music_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  German_NN1  who_PNQS overeats_VBZ  .  
  and_CC  Bruckner_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hobbledehoy_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  style_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  all_DB  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  knew_VVD  nothing_PN1  about_IO  poise_NN  or_CC  modesty_NN  .  
  even_RR  Beethoven_NP  thumped_VVD  the_AT1  tub_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  ninth_MD  symphony_NN  was_VBDZ  composed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gladstone_NP  of_IO  music_NN  .    
  all_DB  that_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  imply_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  all_DB  short_JJ  of_IO  masculinity_NN  ,_,  red_JJ  corpuscles_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ride_VV0  roughshod_JJ  over_IO  his_APP$  dislikes_NNS  ,_,  people_NNS  or_CC  compositions_NNS  .  
  given_IO  the_AT1  impulse_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  source_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  musical_JJ  energy_NN    (_(  his_APP$  physical_JJ  energy_NN  too_RR  !_!  )_)    concentrated_VVD  into_IO  artistic_JJ  and_CC  proportionate_JJ  shapes_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    requiem_NN  mass_NN    of_IO  Berlioz_NP  has_VHZ  seldom_RR  been_VBN  equalled_VBN  for_IO  emotional_JJ  intensity_NN  and_CC  sure-minded_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  outlines_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  temperament_NN  and_CC  intelligence_NN  responded_VVD  more_RG  readily_RR  to_IO  Latin_JJ  than_CS  to_IO  German_JJ  stimulations_NNS  ,_,  aesthetic_JJ  or_CC  other_DA  .  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  his_APP$  conscience_NN  a_AT1  holiday_NN  .  
  at_IO  Liverpool_NP  an_AT1  inordinately_RR  heavy_JJ  programme_NN  was_VBDZ  goading_VBG  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  to_IO  open_JJ  rebellion_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  prolonged_VVD  the_AT1  interval_NN  .  
  the_AT1  concert_NN  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  greatest_JJT  steeplechase_NN  .  
  when_CS Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  he_PPHO1  immediately_RR  sensed_VVD  the_AT1  temper_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  players_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  work_NN  to_TO  tackle_VV0  was_VBDZ  the_AT1    great_JJ  C_ZZ1  major_JJ    symphony_NN  of_IO  Schubert_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  extended_VVD  his_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  baton_NN  militant_JJ  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  gentlemen_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    now_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  grand_JJ  national_NN  .    
  the_AT1  performance_NN  was_VBDZ  magnificent_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  gust_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  humour_NN  dispersed_VVD  all_DB  animosities_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,  liked_VBN  or_CC  admired_VBN  by_IO  everybody_PN1  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  spruce_JJ  disdainful_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Beecham_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suspected_VBN  of_IO  dandyism_NN  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  dandies_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  audiences_NNS  waiting_VBG  at_IO  his_APP$  concerts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  during_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  opera_NN  seasons_NNS  there_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  the_AT1  audience_NN  waiting_VBG  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  Isidore_NP  de_&FW  Lara's_PPIO2    Nai"l_NP  .    
  in_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  his_APP$  manners_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  symphony_NN  concert_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  appeal_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  music_NN  .  
  the_AT1  music_NN  critic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Manchester_NP  guardian_NN      Samuel_NP  Langford_NP    took_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  task_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  acrobatic_JJ  gestures_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  conducted_VVD  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  concert_NN  his_APP$  baton_NN  flew_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  nearly_RR  impaled_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  trombone_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suspected_VBN  of_IO    amateurism_NN      long_RR  before_CS  Toscanini_NP  actually_RR  called_VVD  him_PPHO1  an_AT1    amateur_NN  .    
  a_AT1  complex_JJ  character_NN  !_!    Falstaff_NP  ,_,  Puck_NP  and_CC  Malvolio_NP  all_DB  mixed_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  each_DD1  likely_JJ  to_TO  overwhelm_VV0  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  witty_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  waggish_JJ  ;_;  supercilious_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  genial_JJ  ,_,  kindly_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  cruel_JJ  ;_;  an_AT1  artist_NN  in_IO  affectation_NN  yet_CF  somehow_RR  always_RR  himself_PPX1  .  
  Lancashire_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  bones_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  Rachmaninoff_NP  told_VVD  a_AT1  friend_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unhappy_JJ  about_IO  a_AT1  forthcoming_JJ  concert_NN  .  
    the_AT1  conductor_NN    so-and-so_NN    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  temperament_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  so_PN1  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  too_RG  many_DA  the_AT1  English_JJ  gentlemens_NNS  .    
    but_CCB  ,_,    his_APP$  friend_NN  pointed_VVD  out_RP    last_DA  year_NN  you_PPY  said_VVD  your_APP$  concert_NN  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Beecham_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  and_CC  happiest_JJT  of_IO  your_APP$  life_NN  .    
    ah_UH  ,_,    rejoined_VVD  Rachmaninoff_NP  ,_,    but_CCB  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  English_JJ  gentlemens_NNS  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  prime_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  and_CC  career_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  closely_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  Manchester_NP  as_CS  with_IO  London_NP  or_CC  anywhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  1914-1918_MC-MC  war_NN  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  music_NN  alive_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  sparkle_NN  ,_,  vivacity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sway_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  personality_NN  .  
  his_APP$  concerts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  orchestra_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  opera_NN  productions_NNS  in_IO  Quay_NP  Street_NNL1  elevated_VVD  the_AT1  city_NN  far_RR  above_IO  provincial_JJ  levels_NNS  .  
  until_CS  he_PPHO1  dominated_VVD  the_AT1  scene_NN  Manchester's_PPIO2  music_NN  was_VBDZ  mainly_RR  of_IO  German_JJ  extraction_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  noted_VBN  already_RR  and_CC  will_VM  probably_RR  note_VV0  again_RR  .  
  Richter_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  served_VBN  Manchester_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  backward-looking_JJ  way_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  conducted_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  symphonic_JJ  poems_NNS  of_IO  Richard_NP  Strauss_NP  in_IO  one_MC1  season_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS   mirabile_&FW  dictu_&FW  !_!    Strauss_NP  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  as_RG    modern_JJ  ,_,    iconoclast_JJ  and_CC  unmusical_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  later_JJ  Scho"nberg_NP  ,_,  Webern_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Boulez_NP  .  
  Stanford_NP  went_VVD  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  compose_VV0  a_AT1  musical_JJ  satire_NN  of_IO  Strauss_NP      an_AT1  ode_NN  to_IO  discord_NN  .    
  Ernest_NP  Newman_NP  abjured_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  Strauss_NP    horizontally_RR    while_CS  the_AT1  battle-section_NN  of_IO    Ein_&FW  Heldenleben_&FW    was_VBDZ  played_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nowadays_RR  generally_RR  forgotten_VBN  that_CS  Strauss_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  renown_NN  or_CC  notoriety_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  exclusively_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  symphonic_JJ  poems_NNS  .  
  outside_IO  London_NP    der_&FW  Rosenkavalier_&FW  ,_,      Salome_NP    and_CC    Elektra_NP    were_VBDR  little_RR  known_VBN  here_RL  .  
  but_CCB  Richter's_PPIO2  enterprise_NN  ended_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1    progressive_JJ  German_JJ  composers_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  conductor_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  Elgar_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  map_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reason_NN  being_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  fancy_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  in_IO  Elgar_NP  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  the_AT1  echo_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  native_JJ  musical_JJ  language_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  deputation_NN  of_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  youthful_JJ  avant_NN  garde_NN"  ,_,  demanding_VBG  some_DD  representation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  concerts_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  French_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  Richter_NP  replied_VVD  ,_,  
    zthere_EX  iss_VBZ  no_AT1  mod'n_JJ  F-french_JJ  musik_NN  .    
  Beecham_NP  brought_VVD  pagan_JJ  allurements_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  non-_JJ    classical_JJ      scene_NN  4_MC  of_IO  act_NN  2_MC  of_IO  Delius's_PPIO2    a_AT1  village_NN  Romeo_NP  and_CC  Juliet_NP  ,_,    Stravinsky's_PPIO2    Firebird_NP    suite_NN  ,_,  Borodin's_PPIO2    Polovtsian_JJ  dances_NNS  ,_,    all_DB  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  programme_NN  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  wars_NNS  he_PPHO1  naturally_RR  modulated_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  conversation_NN  indicative_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  old_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  put_VV0  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  childish_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  never_RR  would_VM  he_PPHO1  desert_VV0  Delius_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1    classical_JJ    side_NN  he_PPHO1  discovered_VVD  Haydn_NP  for_IO  English_JJ  ears_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  even_RR  proposed_VVD  introducing_VBG  to_IO  Manchester_NP  Stravinsky's_PPIO2    le_&FW  sacre_&FW  du_&FW  printemps_&FW    ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  orchestral_JJ  parts_NNS  went_VVD  astray_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  concerts_NNS  committee_NN  asked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  substitute_NN  piece_NN  at_IO  short_JJ  notice_NN  .  
  Beecham_NP  suggested_VVD  a_AT1  Beethoven_NP  symphony_NN  .  
  no_UH  ;_;  already_RR  the_AT1  season's_NN1$  programme_NN  had_VHD  included_VBN  enough_DD  Beethoven_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  asked_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  to_TO  conduct_VV0  Mendelssohn's_PPIO2    Italian_JJ    symphony_NN  .  
    impossible_JJ  ,_,    replied_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  ,_,    quite_RR  impossible_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  only_RR  two_MC  rehearsals_NNS  .    
    but_CCB  ,_,    argued_VVD  the_AT1  committee_NN  ,_,    you_PPY  were_VBDR  content_JJ  with_IO  two_MC  rehearsals_NNS  for_IO    le_&FW  sacre_&FW  .      
    quite_RR  so_PN1  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  blandly_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  could_VM  play_VV0    le_&FW  sacre_&FW    well_RR  enough_RGA  after_IO  two_MC  rehearsals_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1    Italian_JJ    symphony_NN  five_MC  at_RR  least_RR  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  necessary_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  philharmonic_JJ  orchestra_NN  absorbed_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  ;_;  consequently_RR  his_APP$  appearances_NNS  in_IO  Manchester_NP  became_VVD  intermittent_JJ  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  resignation_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Hamilton_NP  Harty_NP  in_IO  1933_MC  as_IO  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  conductor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  concerts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  declined_VVD  in_IO  its_APP$  ensemble_NN  .  
  another_DD1  permanent_JJ  conductor_NN  was_VBDZ  needed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  society_NN  were_VBDR  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  appoint_VV0  one_MC1  for_IO  fear_NN  of_IO  losing_VBG  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  presence_NN  altogether_RR  .  
  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  scared_VVD  the_AT1  society_NN  by_IO  attacking_VBG  the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  ,_,  forecasting_VBG  that_CS  broadcasting_NN  would_VM  keep_VV0  people_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  concerts_NNS  .  
  as_IO  critic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Manchester_NP  guardian_NN  ,_,    in_IO  Manchester_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  week_NN  by_IO  week_NN  the_AT1  falling_NN  away_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  in_IO  unity_NN  of_IO  style_NN  .  
  but_CCB  my_APP$  friendship_NN  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  ,_,  resumed_VBN  soon_RR  after_IO  our_APP$  argument_NN  about_IO  his_APP$    cuts_NNS    in_IO    der_&FW  Rosenkavalier_&FW  ,_,    was_VBDZ  now_RL  apparently_RR  unclouded_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  vastly_RR  surprised_JJ  and_CC  amused_VBN  to_TO  learn_VV0  from_IO  Michael_NP  Kennedy's_PPIO2  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  concerts_NNS  that_CS  in_IO  1937_MC  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  stating_VBG    that_CS  he_PPHO1  refused_VVD  to_TO  conduct_VV0  any_DD  concert_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Neville_NP  Cardus_NP  was_VBDZ  invited_VBN  .    
  et_&FW  tu_&FW  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  !_!  
  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  imagined_VVD  my_APP$  notices_NNS  were_VBDR  generously_RR  kind_JJ  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  never_RR  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  refer_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  letter_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  society_NN  ,_,  demanding_VBG  my_APP$  excommunication_NN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  subsequent_JJ  meetings_NNS  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  during_IO  our_APP$  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  ,_,  night_NN  by_IO  night_NN  expressions_NNS  of_IO  brotherly_JJ  love_NN  in_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  round_RP  about_IO  1931_MC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  orchestra_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
    but_CCB  where_CS ,_,    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  ,_,    where_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  hope_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  players_NNS  .    the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  orchestra_NN  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  .    
    maybe_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  admitted_VVD    the_AT1  \0B.B.C_NP  has_VHZ  indeed_RR  attracted_VBN  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  instrumentalists_NNS  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  !_!    
  in_IO  1932_MC  the_AT1  royal_JJ  philharmonic_JJ  orchestra_NN  played_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Hall_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    carnaval_&FW  Romain_&FW    overture_NN  of_IO  Berlioz_NP  was_VBDZ  staggeringly_RR  brilliant_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  highly_RR  finished_JJ  performance_NN  of_IO  Mozart's_PPIO2    Prague_NP    symphony_NN  almost_RR  jerked_VVD  me_PPIO1  from_IO  my_APP$  seat_NN  when_CS Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  brought_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  major_JJ  principal_JB  theme_NN  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  adagio_JJ  tempo_NN  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  allegro_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  notice_NN  next_DA  day_NN  called_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  explanation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  curious_JJ  treatment_NN  or_CC  maladjustment_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  flat_NN  in_IO  Hallam_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  score_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  away_RP  my_APP$  breath_NN  (_(  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  )_)  by_IO  assuring_VBG  me_PPIO1  that_CS  his_APP$  tempo_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  theme_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  was_VBDZ  authentic_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  probably_RR  acquainted_VBN  only_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  published_JJ  score_NN  .  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  the_AT1  original_JJ  manuscript_NN  written_VBN  by_IO  Mozart's_PPIO2  own_DA  hand_NN  .  .    
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  time_NN  he_PPHO1  conducted_VVD  the_AT1    Prague_NP    symphony_NN  the_AT1  theme_NN  in_IO  question_NN  was_VBDZ  allegro_JJ  all_RR  right_RR  and_CC  unmistakably_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  capable_&FW  de_&FW  tout_&FW  !_!  
  apart_IO  from_II  some_DD  piano_NN  lessons_NNS  in_IO  boyhood_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  self-taught_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  the_AT1  contrary_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  biography_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  mingled_JJ  chime_NN  ,_,    where_CS he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  ,_,  
    in_IO  public_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  career_NN  has_VHZ  frequently_RR  appeared_VBN  the_AT1  assertion_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  almost_RR  entirely_RR  self-taught_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  beginning_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  rank_JJ  amateur_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  attained_VBN  a_AT1  professional_JJ  status_NN  with_IO  some_DD  difficulty_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  and_CC  painful_JJ  novitiate_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  remote_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twenty_MC  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  failed_VBN  to_TO  answer_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  examination_NN  paper_NN  set_VBN  for_IO  boys_NNS  of_IO  sixteen_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  musical_JJ  academy_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  probably_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  fail_VV0  with_IO  equal_JJ  success_NN  to-day_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  venture_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  tolerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  most_RG  gifted_JJ  colleagues_NNS  would_VM  do_VD0  no_RR  better_RRR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  my_APP$  travels_NNS  abroad_RR  and_CC  wider_JJ  associations_NNS  with_IO  musicians_NNS  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  my_APP$  miscellaneous_JJ  fund_NN  of_IO  information_NN  was_VBDZ  much_RR  more_RG  extensive_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  others_DA2  of_IO  my_APP$  age_NN  .    
  for_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  positively_RR  nai"ve_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  music_NN  of_IO  sorts_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  \0St_NNSB1  Helens_NP  home_NN1  ;_;  his_APP$  father_NN  practised_VVD  music_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  hobby_NN  .    
  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  substantially_RR  educated_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  as_CS  Elgar_NP  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  Ernest_NP  Newman_NP  and_CC  Delius_NP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  cultured_JJ  and_CC  influential_JJ  figures_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  music's_NN1$  history_NN  since_IO  Purcell_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  down_RP  from_IO  Oxford_NP  after_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  there_RL  because_CS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  musical_JJ  life_NN  broad_JJ  and_CC  humane_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  studies_NNS  at_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  attractively_RR  conducted_VBN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  discover_VV0  no_AT1  mind_NN  or_CC  intelligence_NN  among_IO  my_APP$  fellow_JB  undergraduates_NNS  which_DDQ  did_VDD  n't_XX  indicate_VV0  permanent_JJ  adolescence_NN  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  to-day_NN1  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  university-educated_JJ  Englishman_NN1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  arrested_JJ  development_NN  ,_,  emotionally_RR  ,_,  aesthetically_RR  and_CC  sexually_RR  .    
  his_APP$  own_DA  capacity_NN  for_IO  deep_JJ  feeling_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  often_RR  or_CC  obviously_RR  hinted_VBN  at_IO  in_IO  his_APP$  studied_JJ  deportment_NN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  platform_NN  or_CC  desk_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  opera_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  unmistakable_JJ  proof_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  my_APP$  company_NN  only_RR  once_RR  ,_,  during_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  evenings_NNS  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  alone_JJ  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  after_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Betty's_PPIO2  sudden_JJ  death_NN  .  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  Helen_NP  Keller_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  1880_MC  in_IO  Alabama_NP  .  
  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nineteen_MC  months_NNS  old_JJ  she_PPHO1  enjoyed_VVD  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  normal_JJ  infancy_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  she_PPHO1  amused_VVD  people_NNS  by_IO  greeting_VBG  them_PPHO1  with_IO      how_CS d'_VD0  ye_PPY    ,_,  and_CC  delighted_VVD  her_APP$  proud_JJ  parents_NNS  by_IO  shouting_VBG      tea_NC2  ,_,  tea_NC2  ,_,  tea_NC2    .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  wore_VVD  smiles_NNS  for_IO  everyone_PN1  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  cot_NN  she_PPHO1  wriggled_VVD  and_CC  squirmed_VVD  and_CC  chuckled_VVD  when_CS anyone_PN1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  ,_,  flowers_NNS  ,_,  butterflies_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  sun_NN  glinting_NN  through_IO  overhanging_JJ  trees_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  summertime_NN  ,_,  sent_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  shrieks_NNS  of_IO  happiness_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  bright_JJ  objects_NNS  and_CC  pleasant_JJ  sounds_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  voice_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twelve_MC  months_NNS  when_CS she_PPHO1  unexpectedly_RR  slipped_VVD  down_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  lap_NN  after_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  lifted_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  tub_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ran_VVD  to_TO  catch_VV0  patterns_NNS  of_IO  sunlight_NN  dancing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  floor_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  until_CS  she_PPHO1  lost_VVD  her_APP$  balance_NN  ,_,  staggered_VVD  and_CC  fell_VVD  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  to_IO  her_APP$  delight_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tumbled_VVD  right_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sunbeam_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  nineteen_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  adorable_JJ  ,_,  fascinating_JJ  child_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  mysterious_JJ  illness_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  called_VVD  acute_JJ  congestion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stomach_NN  and_CC  brain_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  blind_JJ  ,_,  deaf_JJ  and_CC  dumb_JJ  .  
  without_IO  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  warning_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  bright_JJ  world_NN  was_VBDZ  blotted_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  plunged_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  darkness_NN  as_RG  black_JJ  and_CC  silent_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  grave_NN  .  
  only_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  and_CC  painful_JJ  effort_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  imagination_NN  can_VM  we_PPIS2  begin_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  Helen's_PPIO2  life_NN  .  
  although_CS  she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  little_DA  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  that_DD1  terrible_JJ  period_NN  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  erased_VBN  from_IO  her_APP$  memory_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  remembers_VBZ  the_AT1  dry_JJ  ,_,  hot_JJ  painfulness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  when_CS she_PPHO1  first_RR  lost_VVD  her_APP$  sight_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  agony_NN  and_CC  bewilderment_NN  of_IO  waking_VBG  and_CC  being_VBG  unable_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  tossing_VBG  ,_,  half-asleep_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  pain_NN  and_CC  fretfulness_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  tenderness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  hand_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  soothe_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  utter_JB  desolation_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  unable_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  voice_NN  or_CC  see_VV0  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  frustration_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  unable_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  her_APP$  wants_NNS  known_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  should_VM  pause_VV0  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  plight_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  of_IO  nineteen_MC  months_NNS  suddenly_RR  plunged_VBN  into_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  perplexing_JJ  and_CC  frightening_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  Helen_NP  tried_VVD  times_NNS  without_IO  number_NN  to_TO  establish_VV0  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  world_NN  but_CCB  all_RR  in_RR  vain_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  being_VBG  thrust_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  ,_,  silent_JJ  ,_,  innermost_JJ  dungeon_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  prison_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  visitors_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  escape_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  free_VV0  herself_PPX1  from_IO  the_AT1  impenetrable_JJ  silence_NN  and_CC  darkness_NN  which_DDQ  held_VVD  her_APP$  captive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  no_AT1  effect_NN  .  
  her_APP$  deep_JJ  frustration_NN  often_RR  threw_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  tempests_NNS  of_IO  passion_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  during_IO  those_DD2  five_MC  years_NNS  recurred_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  frequently_RR  ,_,  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  convulsing_VBG  her_PPHO1  daily_RR  ,_,  sometimes_RR  hourly_RR  ,_,  driving_VBG  her_PPHO1  at_IO  times_NNS  almost_RR  beside_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  and_CC  often_RR  after_IO  such_DA  tempests_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  feel_VV0  her_APP$  way_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  to_TO  hide_VV0  her_APP$  hot_JJ  face_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  creep_VV0  into_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  loving_JJ  arms_NNS  and_CC  sleep_VV0  from_IO  sheer_JB  emotional_JJ  and_CC  physical_JJ  exhaustion_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  six_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  nine_MC  months_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  Helen_NP  vaguely_RR  felt_VVD  that_CS  something_PN1  unusual_JJ  was_VBDZ  afoot_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  some_DD  special_JJ  visitor_NN  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  .  
  during_IO  recent_JJ  weeks_NNS  her_APP$  moods_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  nearly_RR  all_DB  anger_NN  and_CC  bitterness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wordless_JJ  cry_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  soul_NN  for_IO  human_JJ  communication_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  could_VM  make_VV0  no_PN1  one_PN  understand_VV0  ,_,  reduced_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  utter_JB  misery_NN  and_CC  helplessness_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  understand_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  condition_NN  ,_,  or_CC  her_APP$  fundamental_JJ  frustrations_NNS  ;_;  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  only_RR  her_APP$  maddening_JJ  inability_NN  to_TO  communicate_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  they_PPHS2  ,_,  on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  broken-hearted_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  find_VV0  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  talking_VBG  to_IO  their_APP$  child_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  into_IO  Helen's_PPIO2  mind_NN  or_CC  heart_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  day_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Helen_NP  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  entrance_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  stranger_NN  embraced_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Anne_NP  Sullivan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  debt_NN  which_DDQ  Helen_NP  and_CC  blind_JJ  people_NNS  the_AT1  world_NN  round_RP  owe_VV0  to_IO  Anne_NP  Sullivan_NP  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  computation_NN  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Anne_NP  who_PNQS rescued_VVD  Helen_NP  from_IO  her_APP$  world_NN  of_IO  darkness_NN  and_CC  misery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  enabled_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  bring_VV0  deliverance_NN  to_IO  countless_JJ  fellow_JB  sufferers_NNS  .  
  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  poverty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  infected_VBN  from_IO  birth_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  died_VVD  when_CS Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  eight_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  leaving_VBG  three_MC  children_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  workhouse_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  that_CS  Anne_NP  spent_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  four_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  no_AT1  social_JJ  contacts_NNS  save_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  fellow_JB  paupers_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  blindness_NN  entitled_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  blind_JJ  pauper_NN  child_NN  until_CS  Anne_NP  literally_RR  threw_VVD  herself_PPX1  at_IO  the_AT1  feet_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visiting_JJ  committee_NN  and_CC  pleaded_VVD  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  school_NN  .    
  the_AT1  plea_NN  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  .  
  at_IO  fourteen_MC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Perkins_NP  institution_NN  for_IO  blind_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  Boston_NP  .  
  while_CS  there_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  two_MC  surgical_JJ  operations_NNS  which_DDQ  partially_RR  restored_VVD  her_APP$  sight_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Perkins_NP  institution_NN  for_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  still_RR  there_RL  when_CS the_AT1  director_NN  received_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  Helen's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  describing_VBG  Helen's_PPIO2  condition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  asking_VBG  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  supply_VV0  a_AT1  teacher_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Anne_NP  ,_,  twenty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  .  
  Anne_NP  arrived_VVD  at_IO  Helen's_PPIO2  home_NN1  with_IO  eyes_NNS  red_NN  through_IO  overmuch_DA  crying_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  teaching_VBG  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  blind_JJ  ,_,  deaf_JJ  and_CC  dumb_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  other_DA  job_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  without_IO  money_NN  ;_;  economic_JJ  necessity_NN  compelled_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  accept_VV0  this_DD1  unwanted_JJ  post_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  despondent_JJ  on_IO  arrival_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  very_RG  soon_RR  forgot_VVD  herself_PPX1  in_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  work_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  embraced_VVD  Helen_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  porch_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  devoted_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  energy_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  and_CC  body_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stricken_JJ  charge_NN  .  
  in_IO  complete_JJ  self-effacement_NN  ,_,  sweeping_VBG  all_DB  self-pity_NN  aside_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  Helen_NP  ,_,  working_VBG  tirelessly_RR  to_TO  open_VV0  lines_NNS  of_IO  communications_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  imprisoned_JJ  child_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  and_CC  nature_NN  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  day_NN  after_IO  Anne_NP  Sullivan's_PPIO2  arrival_NN  that_CS  Helen_NP  learned_VVD  the_AT1  finger_NN  language_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  word_NN    doll_NC2    .  
  Anne_NP  spelt_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  very_RG  slowly_RR  and_CC  deliberately_RR  ,_,  and_CC  got_VVD  Helen_NP  to_TO  imitate_VV0  .  
  Helen_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  then_RL  that_CS    doll_NC2    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gift_NN  Anne_NP  had_VHD  brought_VBN  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  day_NN  before_II  from_IO  the_AT1  blind_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Perkins_NP  institution_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  learning_VBG  some_DD  finger_NN  game_NN  ,_,  and_CC  played_VVD  it_PPH1  repeatedly_RR  until_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  correctly_RR  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  her_APP$  way_NN  downstairs_RL  to_TO  show_VV0  her_APP$  mother_NN  the_AT1  game_NN  .  
  other_DA  simple_JJ  words_NNS  were_VBDR  taught_VBN  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  manner_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  days_NNS    such_DA  words_NNS  as_IO  pin_NN  ,_,  hat_NN  ,_,  cup_NN  ,_,  sit_VV0  ,_,  stand_VV0  ,_,  walk_VV0    but_CCB  as_RR  yet_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  idea_NN  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  meant_VVD  ;_;  no_AT1  inkling_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  finger_NN  work_NN  which_DDQ  spelt_VVD    pin_NC2    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  object_NN  ,_,  or_CC  that_DD1  fingering_NN  which_DDQ  meant_VVD  sit_VV0  or_CC  stand_VV0  had_VHD  any_DD  reference_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  actions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  associating_VBG  word_NN  with_IO  object_NN  or_CC  action_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  awakened_VBN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  whole_JJ  month_NN  passed_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  before_CS  Helen_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  associate_VV0  the_AT1  letters_NNS  spelt_VBN  into_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  with_IO  objects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  association_NN  came_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lesson_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Anne_NP  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  Helen_NP  understand_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  word_NN  mug_NN  meant_VVD  the_AT1  object_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  held_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  water_NN  meant_VVD  that_DD1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  mug_NN  contained_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  Helen_NP  simply_RR  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  Anne_NP  persisted_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  grew_VVD  annoyed_JJ  and_CC  gave_VVD  expression_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  annoyance_NN  by_IO  dashing_VBG  her_APP$  mug_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  smashing_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  pieces_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  broken_JJ  fragments_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  experienced_VVD  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  in_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  lesson_NN  was_VBDZ  adjourned_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  passed_VVD  the_AT1  well-house_NN  someone_PN1  was_VBDZ  drawing_VBG  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Anne_NP  placed_VVD  Helen's_PPIO2  hand_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  stream_NN  pouring_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  spout_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pump_NN  ,_,  and_CC  spelt_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  other_DA  hand_NN  the_AT1  word_NN  water_NN  ,_,  water_NN  ,_,  water_NN  .  
  Anne_NP  continued_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  at_RR  first_RR  slowly_RR  and_CC  then_RL  rapidly_RR  ,_,  until_CS  it_PPH1  suddenly_RR  dawned_VVD  on_IO  Helen's_PPIO2  mind_NN  that_CS  water_NN  meant_VVD  the_AT1  cool_JJ  something_PN1  flowing_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    that_DD1  living_JJ  word_NN  awakened_VVD  my_APP$  soul_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Helen_NP  many_DA  years_NNS  after_II  ,_,    gave_VVD  it_PPH1  light_NN  ,_,  hope_NN  ,_,  joy_NN  ,_,  set_VVD  it_PPH1  free_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  now_RL  knew_VVD  that_CS  things_NNS  had_VHD  names_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  learn_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_RR  at_RR  once_RR  .  
    as_CS  we_PPIS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  every_AT1  object_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  touched_VVD  seemed_VVD  to_TO  quiver_VV0  with_IO  life_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  because_CS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  everything_PN1  with_IO  the_AT1  strange_JJ  new_JJ  sight_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  learned_VVD  many_DA  new_JJ  words_NNS  that_DD1  same_DA  day_NN  ,_,  including_IO  mother_NN  ,_,  father_NN  ,_,  sister_NN  ,_,  teacher_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_RR  last_RR  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  world_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  that_DD1  night_NN  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  too_RG  happy_JJ  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  summer_NN  Anne_NP  took_VVD  Helen_NP  on_IO  exploration_NN  walks_NNS  ,_,  discovering_VBG  plants_NNS  ,_,  flowers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  trees_NNS  ;_;  Helen_NP  handling_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  learning_VBG  their_APP$  names_NNS  ,_,  inhaling_VBG  their_APP$  scent_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  them_PPHO1  against_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
  sitting_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  grass_NN  Anne_NP  described_VVD  through_IO  their_APP$  sign_NN  language_NN  the_AT1  countless_JJ  things_NNS  which_DDQ  Helen_NP  could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  freedom_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  summer_NN  Helen_NP  took_VVD  to_IO  tree_NN  climbing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  loved_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  day_NN  Anne_NP  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  sitting_NN  aloft_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  branches_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  cherry_NN  tree_NN  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  to_TO  fetch_VV0  lunch_NN  .  
  while_CS  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  away_RP  the_AT1  weather_NN  suddenly_RR  changed_VVD  ,_,  breaking_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  violent_JJ  thunderstorm_NN  .  
  Helen_NP  tells_VBZ  how_CS she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  warmth_NN  go_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  clouds_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  how_CS she_PPHO1  smelt_VVD  the_AT1  strange_JJ  earth_NN  odour_NN  that_PNQS precedes_VBZ  thunderstorms_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  afraid_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  absolute_JJ  isolation_NN  gripped_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  friends_NNS  ;_;  severed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  firm_JJ  earth_NN  .  
  her_APP$  terror_NN  increased_VVD  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  bordering_NN  on_IO  hysteria_NN  .  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  sinister_JJ  stillness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  a_AT1  multitudinous_JJ  stirring_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  .  
    a_AT1  shiver_NN  ran_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wind_NN  sent_VVD  forth_RP  a_AT1  blast_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  knocked_VBN  me_PPIO1  off_RP  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  not_XX  clung_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  with_IO  might_NN  and_CC  main_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tree_NN  swayed_VVD  and_CC  strained_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  twigs_NNS  snapped_VVD  and_CC  fell_VVD  about_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  showers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  wild_JJ  impulse_NN  to_TO  jump_VV0  seized_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  terror_NN  held_VVD  me_PPIO1  fast_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  crouched_VVD  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  fork_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  .  
  the_AT1  branches_NNS  lashed_VVD  about_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  intermittent_JJ  jarring_NN  that_PNQS came_VVD  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  something_PN1  heavy_JJ  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  shock_NN  had_VHD  travelled_VBN  up_RP  till_CS  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  limb_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  on_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  worked_VVD  my_APP$  suspense_NN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  point_NN  ,_,  and_CC  just_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  the_AT1  tree_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  should_VM  fall_VV0  together_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  teacher_NN  seized_VVD  my_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  down_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  clung_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  trembling_VBG  with_IO  joy_NN  to_TO  feel_VV0  the_AT1  earth_NN  under_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  once_RR  more_RRR    .  
  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  after_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  climbing_VBG  a_AT1  tree_NN  alarmed_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  fully_RR  overcome_VV0  her_APP$  fear_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  spring_NN  .  
  then_RL  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  alone_JJ  one_MC1  morning_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  house_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  aware_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  fragrance_NN  filling_VBG  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  scent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mimosa_NN  tree_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  where_CS that_DD1  mimosa_NN  tree_NN  stood_VVD    at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  fence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  her_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    all_DB  quivering_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  sunshine_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  blossom-laden_JJ  branches_NNS  almost_RR  touching_VBG  the_AT1  long_JJ  grass_NN  .  .  
    I_PPIS1  made_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  shower_NN  of_IO  petals_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  trunk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  one_MC1  minute_NN  stood_VVD  irresolute_JJ  ;_;  then_RL  ,_,  putting_VBG  my_APP$  foot_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  broad_JJ  space_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  forked_JJ  branches_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  pulled_VVD  myself_PPX1  up_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  delicious_JJ  sense_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  something_PN1  unusual_JJ  and_CC  wonderful_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  on_RP  climbing_VBG  higher_RRR  and_CC  higher_RRR  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  seat_NN  which_DDQ  somebody_PN1  had_VHD  built_VBN  there_RL  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
    I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  fairy_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  rosy_JJ  cloud_NN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  many_DA  happy_JJ  hours_NNS  in_IO  my_APP$  tree_NN  of_IO  paradise_NN  ,_,  thinking_VBG  fair_JJ  thoughts_NNS  and_CC  dreaming_VBG  bright_JJ  dreams_NNS  .    on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  funeral_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  awoken_VBN  at_IO  seven_MC  \0a.m_RR  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  arrive_VV0  punctually_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  several_DA  streets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  vicinity_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  closed_VBN  by_IO  police_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  feared_VVD  a_AT1  repetition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extravagant_JJ  scenes_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  occurred_VBN  when_CS Valentino's_PPIO2  embalmed_JJ  body_NN  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  full_JJ  evening_NN  dress_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  to_TO  visit_VV0  .  
  thousands_MC2  had_VHD  thronged_VBN  Broadway_NP  .  
  children_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  separated_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  scores_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  bruised_VBN  and_CC  trampled_VBN  .  
  several_DA  police_NNS  charges_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  .  
  plate-glass_NN  windows_NNS  were_VBDR  shattered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  pressure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  finally_RR  the_AT1  mortuary_NN  doors_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  closed_VBN  .  
  fortunately_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  funeral_NN  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  .  I_PPIS1  arrived_VVD  safely_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  church_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  Ben_NP  Lyon_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ushers_NNS  .  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  little_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  as_CS  the_AT1  church_NN  filled_VVD  so_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  minute_NN  Pola_NP  Negri_NP  arrived_VVD  dressed_VBN  from_IO  head_NN  to_IO  toe_NN  in_IO  black_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  florists_NNS  carrying_VBG  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  blanket_NN  of_IO  white_JJ  violets_NNS  .  
  in_IO  purple_JJ  violets_NNS  was_VBDZ  inscribed_VBN  the_AT1  message_NN  :_:  
    with_IO  love_NN  from_IO  Pola_NP  .    
  this_DD1  tribute_NN  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  coffin_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  hiding_VBG  it_PPH1  from_IO  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coffin_NN  in_IO  question_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  prodigious_JJ  ,_,  ornate_JJ  affair_NN  of_IO  bronze_NN  .  
  outweighing_VBG  its_APP$  occupant_NN  by_IO  some_DD  500_MC  \0lb_NNU  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  cost_VBN  $10,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  spectators_NNS  were_VBDR  upset_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  outsize_JB  wreath_NN  .  
  on_IO  all_DB  sides_NNS  audible_JJ  whispers_NNS  of_IO  protest_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  the_AT1  casket_NN  .    
  the_AT1  service_NN  was_VBDZ  beautiful_JJ  .  
  augmented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  opera_NN  company_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  choir_NN  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  singing_NN  of_IO  Benjamino_NP  Gigli_NP  ,_,  then_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  power_NN  .  
  sobs_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  entire_JB  church_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  eight_MC  bearers_NNS  carried_VVD  the_AT1  casket_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  altar_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  their_APP$  way_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  aisle_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  sprang_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  throwing_VBG  herself_PPX1  in_IO  front_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  almost_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  interruption_NN  was_VBDZ  repeated_VBN    this_DD1  time_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  prostrating_VBG  himself_PPX1  with_IO  a_AT1  cry_NN  of_IO      I_PPIS1  loved_VVD  him_PPHO1  more_RRR  than_IO  anybody_PN1  .    
  a_AT1  pathetic_JJ  ,_,  jarring_JJ  tribute_NN  to_IO  Valentino's_PPIO2  extraordinary_JJ  universal_JJ  popularity_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  usher_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  sit_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  slowly_RR  making_VBG  my_APP$  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Campbell_NP  ,_,  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Campbell's_PPIO2  funeral_NN  parlour_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  handled_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  ,_,  sent_VVD  a_AT1  message_NN  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    your_APP$  wife_NN  has_VHZ  expressed_VBN  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  gold_NN  room_NN  where_CS Valentino_NP  lay_VVD  in_IO  state_NN  .  
  would_VM  you_PPY  care_VV0  to_TO  accompany_VV0  us_PPIO2   .    
  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  having_VHG  had_VHN  my_APP$  fill_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  crowds_NNS  ,_,  mourning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  music_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  replied_VVD  rather_RR  tersely_RR  that_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
    if_CS  Madam_NNSB1  wants_VBZ  me_PPIO1  for_IO  anything_PN1  important_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  lying_VBG  in_IO  state_NN  myself_PPX1    at_IO  the_AT1  racquet_NN  club_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  just_RR  finished_VBN  my_APP$  third_MD  martini_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  summoned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Campbell_NP  .  
    there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  most_RG  unfortunate_JJ  accident_NN  .  regrettable_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  carelessness_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  staff_NN      
    what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .    I_PPIS1  interrupted_VVD  ,_,  anxiously_RR  .  
    on_IO  throwing_VBG  open_JJ  the_AT1  doors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  room_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  automatically_RR  turned_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  lights_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  came_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  naked_JJ  embalmed_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  awaiting_VBG  the_AT1  assistant's_NN1$  return_NN  from_IO  lunch_NN  .    
  not_XX  altogether_RR  surprisingly_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  fainted_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Campbell_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
    my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  say_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  room_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  here_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  racquet_NN  club_NN  .    
  several_DA  miles_NNS  separated_VVD  us_PPIO2   .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  still_RR  there_RL  ,_,  Campbell_NP  .  
  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  that_CS  when_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  well_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  join_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  find_VV0  me_PPIO1  patiently_RR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .    
  though_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  exactly_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  definite_JJ  prelude_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  parting_NN  ,_,  when_CS Constance_NP  decided_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  alone_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  to_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  12_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  club_NN  venture_NN  .  
  our_APP$  divorce_NN  .  
  Embassy_NP  club_NN  syndicate_NN  .  
  Luigi_NP  ,_,  Ralph_NP  ,_,  Peto_NP  .  
  back_RP  to_IO  America_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Tucker_NP  car_NN  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  dolls'_NN2  house_NN  .  
  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  retirement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  episode_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  ending_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  by_IO  mutual_JJ  agreement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  requirements_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  divorce_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  demanded_VVD  adultery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  I_PPIS1  set_VVD  about_IO  supplying_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  proved_VVD  more_RG  difficult_JJ  than_CS  anticipated_VBN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  friend_NN  Wilfred_NP  Egerton_NP  assured_VVD  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  no_AT1  problem_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  prospective_JJ  co-respondent_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  the_AT1  girl_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    charming_JJ  and_CC  attractive_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  following_JJ  Saturday_NN1  afternoon_NN  I_PPIS1  hired_VVD  a_AT1  Daimler_NP  with_IO  chauffeur_NN  ,_,  despatching_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  lady's_NN1$  address_NN  .  
  from_IO  there_RL  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  call_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  at_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  would_VM  set_VV0  off_RP  for_IO  our_APP$  transitory_JJ  liaison_NN  .  
  the_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  time_NN  .  
  nimbly_RR  I_PPIS1  nipped_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  White's_PPIO2  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  stop_VV0  dead_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  tracks_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lady_NN  .  
  no_UH  !_!  
  with_IO  her_PPHO1  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  impossible_JJ  !_!  
  taking_VBG  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  and_CC  summoning_VBG  my_APP$  politest_JJT  manner_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  door_NN  ,_,  explaining_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  unavoidably_RR  detained_VBN  .  
  would_VM  she_PPHO1  mind_VV0  returning_VBG  in_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  dashing_VBG  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  searched_VVD  out_RP  Rod_NP  Wanamaker_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS fortunately_RR  was_VBDZ  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  explaining_VBG  that_CS  Wilfred_NP  had_VHD  landed_VBN  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  of_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  even_RR  the_AT1  sight_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  begged_VVD  Rod_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  as_RR  well_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  it_PPH1  alone_JJ  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  responded_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  cry_NN  for_IO  help_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   spent_VVD  the_AT1  night_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  sitting-room_NN  playing_VBG  backgammon_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  lady_NN  languished_VVD  alone_JJ  next_DA  door_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  pyjamaed_JJ  appearance_NN  at_IO  breakfast_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  waiter_NN  took_VVD  due_JJ  notice_NN  .  
  leaving_VBG  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  sum_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  mantelpiece_NN  plus_IO  a_AT1  railway_NN  ticket_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  return_NN  to_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Rod_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  train_NN  back_NN  to_IO  town_NN  .  
  Wilfred_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  lady's_NN1$  subsequent_JJ  comments_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  why_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sent_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  trip_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  your_APP$  friend_NN  Mackintosh_NP  knows_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  one_MC1  .  
  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  boy-friend_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  locked_VBN  up_RP  !_!    
  that_DD1  being_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  that_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  here_RL  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  say_VV0  anything_PN1  further_JB  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  divorce_NN  went_VVD  through_RP  and_CC  my_APP$  marriage_NN  to_IO  Constance_NP  ended_VVD  without_IO  rancour_NN  upon_IO  either_LE  side_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  remained_VBN  very_RG  good_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  very_RG  much_RR  alive_JJ  and_CC  married_VBN  to_IO  Walter_NP  Giblin_NP  ,_,  living_VBG  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  probably_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  an_AT1  individualist_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  success_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  star's_NN1$  husband_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  after_IO  all_DB  concerned_VVD  only_RR  ourselves_PPX2  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  romantic_JJ  experience_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  regret_VV0  .  .  
  being_VBG  once_RR  more_RRR  footloose_JJ  and_CC  fancy_NN  free_JJ  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  search_VV0  round_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  club_NN  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  never_RR  again_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  club_NN  like_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  annexe_NN  to_IO  Ascot's_PPIO2  royal_JJ  enclosure_NN  ,_,  as_RG  famous_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  day_NN  as_IO  the_AT1    21_MC    club_NN  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,    le_&FW  jardin_&FW  de_&FW  ma_&FW  soeur_&FW    in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Everglade's_PPIO2  in_IO  Palm_NP  Beach_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  featured_VVD  in_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  old_JJ  friend_NN  Michael_NP  Arlen's_PPIO2  earlier_JJ  novels_NNS  .  
  when_CS his_APP$  famous_JJ  the_AT1  green_JJ  hat_NN  appeared_VVD  ,_,  at_IO  one_MC1  single_JJ  lunchtime_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  five_MC  ladies_NNS  in_IO  chapeaux_&FW  verts_&FW  ,_,  doubtless_RR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  believed_VBN  the_AT1  inspiration_NN  of_IO    Iris_NP  Fenwick_NP    .  
  quite_RR  as_RG  successful_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  play_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  title_NN  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  on_IO  September_NN1  2nd_MD  ,_,  1925_MC  ,_,  starring_VBG  Tallulah_NP  Bankhead_NP  .  
  though_CS  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  for_IO  lunch_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  usually_RR  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  night-club_NN  .  
  unlike_IO  its_APP$  forerunners_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  eminently_RR  respectable_JJ  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  were_VBDR  ladies_NNS  whose_PNQV$  reputations_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  disturbed_VBN  certain_JJ  matrons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  said_JJ  ladies_NNS  had_VHD  an_AT1  elegance_NN  which_DDQ  added_VVD  lustre_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  I_PPIS1  come_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  club_NN  .  
  one_MC1  Bob_NP  Hornby_NP  suggested_VVD  Wilfred_NP  Egerton_NP  ,_,  myself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  others_DA2  taking_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  400_MC  club_NN  in_IO  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  run_VBN  by_IO  Arthur_NP  Kelly_NP  ,_,  Charles_NP  Chaplin's_PPIO2  London_NP  agent_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  finding_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  assignments_NNS  over-much_DA  for_IO  one_MC1  man_NN  .  
  accordingly_RR  we_PPIS2  formed_VVD  a_AT1  syndicate_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  decorating_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  conservative_JJ  style_NN  .  
  admission_NN  price_NN  was_VBDZ  low_JJ  ;_;  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  annual_JJ  subscription_NN  .  
  success_NN  became_VVD  instantaneous_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  renamed_VVD  it_PPH1  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  to_TO  suggest_VV0  luxury_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  asset_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  one_MC1  went_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  straight_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  restaurant_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  dance_NN  floor_NN  ,_,  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  comfortable_JJ  banquette_NN  tables_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  bar_NN  downstairs_RL  was_VBDZ  always_RR  crowded_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  mai*?5tre_NN  d'hotel_NN"  ,_,  Luigi_NP  Naintre_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  long_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  Romano's_PPIO2  and_CC  the_AT1  Criterion_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  as_IO  managing_JJ  director_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  largest_JJT  shareholder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  more_DA  than_IO  just_RR  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  manager_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  ambassador_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  astonishing_JJ  ability_NN  and_CC  tact_NN  .  
  another_DD1  notable_JJ  feature_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  music_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  Ambrose_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  fame_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  prestige_NN  angle_NN  the_AT1  club_NN  was_VBDZ  helped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  frequent_JJ  visits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  of_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  brothers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Dukes_NNSB2  of_IO  York_NP  and_CC  Kent_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  night-club_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  frequented_VBN  by_IO  royalty_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  subsidiary_JJ  company_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  wine_NN  and_CC  spirit_NN  company_NN  ,_,  supplying_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  club_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  Luigi's_PPIO2  aptitude_NN  may_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  anecdote_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  dining_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  when_CS Lord_NNSB1  Sefton_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  Hugh_NP  ,_,  came_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  sat_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  Luigi_NP  talked_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  while_CS  taking_VBG  their_APP$  order_NN  for_IO  dinner_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  table_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  sold_VBN  *+10,000_NNU  worth_NN  of_IO  champagne_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  lordship_NN  .    
  how_CS indefatigable_JJ  Luigi_NP  was_VBDZ  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  leave_VV0  for_IO  home_NN1  at_IO  two_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  rise_VV0  again_RR  at_IO  five_MC  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  go_VV0  to_IO  market_NN  and_CC  choose_VV0  everything_PN1  himself_PPX1  .  
  twelve-thirty_MC  would_VM  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  ,_,  suave_JJ  ,_,  debonair_JJ  ,_,  ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  busy_JJ  lunchtime_NN  session_NN  .  
  Embassy_NP  shareholders_NNS  made_VVD  a_AT1  hundred_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  annual_JJ  profit_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  some_DD  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  only_RR  sold_VVD  out_RP  when_CS compelled_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  by_IO  Luigi's_PPIO2  death_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  sorrow_NN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  his_PP$  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  funeral_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Anne's_PPIO2  ,_,  Soho_NP  .  
  thousands_MC2  from_IO  every_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  life_NN  attended_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  five_MC  Daimlers_NP2  were_VBDR  required_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  cemetery_NN  .  
  our_APP$  club_NN  chef_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  particular_JJ  reputation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  cooked_VVD  Gefu"lter_&FW  fish_NN    a_AT1  Jewish_JJ  dish_NN  ,_,  mixture_NN  of_IO  chopped_JJ  whiting_NN  ,_,  herring_NN  ,_,  halibut_NN  ,_,  cod_NN  ,_,  and_CC  mackerel_NN  ,_,  mixed_VBN  with_IO  egg_NN  and_CC  breadcrumbs_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  much_RR  did_VDD  one_MC1  American_NN1  ,_,  Jefferson_NP  Cohn_NP  ,_,  appreciate_VV0  this_DD1  dish_NN  that_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  over_RP  in_IO  Paris_NP  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  Gefu"lter_&FW  fish_NN  flown_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  every_AT1  Saturday_NN1  !_!  
  before_IO  finishing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  club_NN  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  say_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  about_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  most_RG  eccentric_JJ  members_NNS  ,_,  Ralph_NP  Peto_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  in_RP  one_MC1  morning_NN  before_IO  lunch_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  polo_NN  boot_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  foot_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  slipper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  sartorial_JJ  mind_NN  or_CC  merely_RR  forgotten_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  second_MD  boot_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  talked_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  horse-coper_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  bar_NN  .  
  Ralph_NP  Peto_NP  owed_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  *+5000_NNU  already_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  abusively_RR  demanding_VBG  an_AT1  additional_JJ  *+500_NNU  .  
  his_APP$  language_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  merely_RR  explosive_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obscene_JJ  .  
  Wilfred_NP  Egerton_NP  rebuked_VVD  him_PPHO1  mildly_RR  :_:  
    please_UH  ,_,  Ralph_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  talk_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  dirt_NN  .    
  Ralph_NP  bowed_VVD  and_CC  apologized_VVD  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  an_AT1  appallingly_RR  personal_JJ  comment_NN  that_PNQS so_RR  scared_VVD  its_APP$  recipient_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  her_APP$  cocktail_NN  untouched_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  recorded_VBN  also_RR  that_CS  in_IO  some_DD  outburst_NN  of_IO  domestic_JJ  tension_NN  Ralph_NP  burned_VVD  all_DB  his_APP$  mother-in-law's_NN1$  clothes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  Manchester_NP  Square_NNL1  garden_NN  .  
  another_DD1  time_NN  when_CS an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_IO  dinner_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  Polignac_NP  at_IO  her_APP$  palace_NN  in_IO  Venice_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  forthcoming_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  gondola_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  gondolier_NN  was_VBDZ  delivering_VBG  Ralph's_PPIO2  letter_NN  of_IO  indignation_NN  ,_,  Ralph_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Princess's_NNSB2  kitchen_NN  ,_,  dismembered_VVD  the_AT1  stove_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  coal-hammer_NN  and_CC  threw_VVD  the_AT1  dinner_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NP  Canal_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  Embassy_NP  club_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  my_APP$  sole_JB  adventure_NN  in_IO  property_NN  dealings_NNS  .  
  always_RR  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  fascinated_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  longed_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  to_TO  buy_VV0  the_AT1  Ritz_NP  Hotel_NNL1  
  travellers_NNS  from_IO  abroad_RR  and_CC  incoming_JJ  mail_NN  set_VVD  gossip_NN  circulating_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  stories_NNS  gained_VVD  in_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  secrecy_NN  .  
  correspondents_NNS  wrote_VVD  home_NN1  to_TO  ask_VV0  why_CS the_AT1  lurid_JJ  reports_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  being_VBG  officially_RR  denied_VBN  and_CC  disposed_VBN  of_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  long_RR  before_CS  all_DB  Mayfair_NP  was_VBDZ  gossiping_VBG  .  
  in_IO  every_AT1  club_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  indignant_JJ  member_NN  spluttering_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  indignity_NN  done_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  outrage_NN  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  ,_,  anyhow_RR  .  
  on_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  back_RP  to_IO  England_NP  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  in_IO  Vienna_NP  for_IO  some_DD  pleasant_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  dancing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reporters_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  following_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  headline_NN  told_VVD  the_AT1  tale_NN    
    Edward_NP  rumbas_VBZ  with_IO  Wally_NP    .  
  in_IO  Paris_NP  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  saw_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  a_DA  few_DA  examples_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  folks_NNS  were_VBDR  reading_VBG  about_IO  her_PPHO1  back_RP  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aghast_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD    her_APP$  alarm_NN    to_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  comforting_JJ    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  through_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  publicity_NN  himself_PPX1  before_II  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  wear_VV0  itself_PPX1  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  reassuringly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  silence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  press_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  dinner_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  at_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  how_CS much_RR  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  America_NP  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  no_AT1  indication_NN  that_CS  anything_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  had_VHD  reached_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  tones_NNS  of_IO  polite_JJ  enquiry_NN  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  about_IO  his_APP$  holiday_NN  .  
    did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  find_VV0  it_PPH1  terribly_RR  warm_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Adriatic_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  innocently_RR  enquired_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  fully_RR  informed_VBN  and_CC  highly_RR  indignant_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  publicity_NN  her_APP$  son's_NN1$  association_NN  was_VBDZ  causing_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  her_APP$  reserve_NN  remained_VVD  unbroken_JJ  and_CC  another_DD1  occasion_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  confidential_JJ  talk_NN  between_IO  mother_NN  and_CC  son_NN  went_VVD  by_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  lost_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  had_VHD  missed_VBN  the_AT1  Twelfth_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  grouse_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  sufficiently_RR  conformed_VVD  with_IO  custom_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  September_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  Highlands_NP2  .  
  his_APP$  house-party_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  formed_VBN  of_IO  members_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  had_VHD  been_VBN  gathered_VBN  about_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  or_CC  King_NNSB1  George_NP  5_MC  .  
  statesmen_NNS  were_VBDR  conspicuously_RR  absent_JJ    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  conspicuously_RR  present_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  arrival_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  occasion_NN  for_IO  growing_JJ  feeling_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  in_IO  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  fault_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  chanced_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  day_NN  she_PPHO1  reached_VVD  Aberdeen_NP  station_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  the_AT1  occasion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  Aberdeen's_PPIO2  royal_JJ  Infirmary_NNL1  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG  across_RP  from_IO  Balmoral_NP  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  York_NP  was_VBDZ  performing_VBG  the_AT1  opening_NN  ceremony_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  .  
  earlier_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  had_VHD  decided_VBN  that_CS  because_IO  of_II  court_NN  mourning_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  perform_VV0  the_AT1  ceremony_NN  in_IO  person_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  asked_VBN  his_APP$  brother_NN  to_TO  deputize_VV0  .  
  these_DD2  facts_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Aberdonians_NP2  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  outcry_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  majesty_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  neglected_VBN  the_AT1  hospital_NN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  his_APP$  guest_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  baseless_JJ  charge_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  spread_VBN  around_RP  and_CC  gained_VVD  wide_JJ  acceptance_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  truth_NN  caught_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  rumour_NN  and_CC  scotched_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  harm_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  to_IO  King_NNSB1  Edward's_PPIO2  reputation_NN  amongst_IO  his_APP$  Scottish_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  happy_JJ  days_NNS  amongst_IO  the_AT1  heather_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  in_IO  his_APP$  kilt_NN  played_VVD  the_AT1  laird_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  castle_NN  .  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  was_VBDZ  fascinated_VBN  ,_,  enjoying_VBG  every_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  brothers_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  Scottish_JJ  retreats_NNS  nearby_RR  felt_VVD  themselves_PPX2  neglected_VBN  ,_,  shut_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  confidence_NN  .  
  Bertie_NP  (_(  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  York_NP  )_)  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  considered_VVD  himself_PPX1    to_TO  have_VH0  lost_VBN  a_AT1  friend_NN  (_(  in_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  )_)  and_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  rapidly_RR  losing_VBG  one_MC1  in_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN    .  
  as_CS  September_NN1  ran_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  royal_JJ  guests_NNS  departed_VVD  ,_,  leaving_VBG  Balmoral_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  grouse_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  deer_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  turned_VVD  south_NN1  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  future_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  complications_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  agog_JJ  with_IO  gossip_NN  and_CC  concern_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  wretched_JJ  reports_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP2  .  
  by_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  American_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  headlines_NNS  ,_,  story_NN  and_CC  pictures_NNS  .  
    Palace_NNL1  car_NN  at_IO  Wally's_PPIO2  disposal_NN    ,_,    King_NNSB1  chooses_VBZ  clothes_NNS  to_TO  match_VV0  with_IO  Wallis_NP      there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  life_NN  untouched_JJ  .  
  imaginations_NNS  made_VVD  good_JJ  when_CS facts_NNS  ran_VVD  out_RP  .  
  one_MC1  paper_NN  scurrilously_RR  described_VVD  how_CS Edward_NP  was_VBDZ  neglecting_VBG  a_AT1  bereaved_JJ  mother_NN  to_TO  dance_VV0  attendance_NN  on_IO  Wally_NP  .  
  another_DD1  told_VVD  how_CS Premier_NNSB1  Baldwin_NP  sent_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  monarch_NN  to_TO  lecture_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  his_APP$  carryings_NNS  on_RP  .  
  British_JJ  residents_NNS  were_VBDR  sorely_RR  tried_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  barrage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  news-hounds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  disconcerting_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  learn_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  sovereign_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  lady_NN  already_RR  twice_RR  married_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  accompanying_JJ  scurrilities_NNS  made_VVD  the_AT1  plain_JJ  fact_NN  odious_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Canada_NP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  dismay_NN  at_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  concern_NN  writers_NNS  discharged_VVD  their_APP$  indignation_NN  in_IO  letters_NNS  home_NN1  to_IO  King_NNSB1  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  or_CC  Archbishop_NNSB1    indeed_RR  to_IO  any_DD  person_NN  with_IO  influence_NN  on_IO  affairs_NNS    Ministers_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  ,_,  Bishops_NNSB2  ,_,  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  ,_,  parsons_NNS  ,_,  editors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  effect_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  raise_VV0  opinion_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  mischiefs_NNS  .  
  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  expose_VV0  himself_PPX1  ,_,  his_APP$  crown_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  country_NN  to_IO  ridicule_NN  and_CC  contempt_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  worst_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  reports_NNS  were_VBDR  exaggerations_NNS  and_CC  inventions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  scandal_NN  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  source_NN  .  
  the_AT1  captain_NN  was_VBDZ  letting_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  side_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  exaggerating_VBG  the_AT1  effect_NN  produced_VBN  .  
  long_RR  enough_RGA  before_CS  the_AT1  crisis_NN  broke_VVD  the_AT1  king's_NN1$  position_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  undermined_VBN  amongst_IO  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  scandal_NN  had_VHD  flowed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Nahlin_NP  cruise_NN  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  one_MC1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  prudent_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  foregone_VBN  the_AT1  hours_NNS  of_IO  pleasure_NN  afloat_JJ  to_TO  promote_VV0  his_APP$  prospects_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  prolonged_JJ  stay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Highlands_NP2  ,_,  at_IO  home_NN1  amongst_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  and_CC    his_APP$  ain_DA  folk_NNS    ,_,  might_VM  have_VH0  helped_VBN  him_PPHO1  towards_IO  realizing_VBG  his_APP$  hopes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  used_VBN  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  entertain_VV0  and_CC  captivate_VV0  members_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  cabinet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  related_VVD  afterwards_RR  ,_,  almost_RR  with_IO  self-approbation_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  of_IO  design_NN  omitted_VBN  to_TO  invite_VV0  the_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,  Bishops_NNSB2  ,_,  Admirals_NNSB2  and_CC  Generals_NNSB2  who_PNQS had_VHD  filled_VBN  the_AT1  Balmoral_NP  guest_NN  list_NN  since_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria's_PPIO2  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  prudent_JJ  king_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  the_AT1  benefit_NN  to_IO  himself_PPX1  in_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  softening_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  hospitality_NN  to_TO  bear_VV0  upon_IO  those_DD2  forming_VBG  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  throne_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  prepared_VVD  herself_PPX1  for_IO  the_AT1  hearing_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  suit_NN  for_IO  divorce_NN  .  
  by_IO  a_AT1  device_NN  common_JJ  enough_RGA  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  by_IO  those_DD2  seeking_VBG  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  publicity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  hearing_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  arranged_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  petition_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  filed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  Suffolk_NP  assizes_NNS  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  end_NN  the_AT1  petitioner_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  acquire_VV0  a_AT1  residential_JJ  qualification_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  moved_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  at_IO  Felixstowe_NP  .  
  so_RG  effective_JJ  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  silence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  press_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  townsfolk_NNS  remained_VVD  completely_RR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  notability_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  midst_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS across_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  was_VBDZ  hailed_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  talked-of_JB  woman_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  Felixstowe_NP  had_VHD  scarcely_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  and_CC  certainly_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  recognize_VV0  her_PPHO1  when_CS she_PPHO1  passed_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  morning_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  her_APP$  paper_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  she_PPHO1    might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  Tasmania_NP    for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  notice_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  looking_VBG  with_IO  envy_NN  on_IO  those_DD2  tranquil_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  obscurity_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  date_NN  was_VBDZ  fixed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  hearing_NN    October_NN1  27_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  acted_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  goad_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  interested_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  after_IO  weeks_NNS  of_IO  inaction_NN  something_PN1  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  must_VM  needs_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  9_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baldwin_NP  calls_VBZ  .  
  York_NP  :_:  vex_VV0  not_XX  yourselves_PPX2  ,_,  nor_CC  strive_VV0  with_IO  your_APP$  breath_NN  ,_,  for_CS  all_RR  in_RR  vain_RR  comes_VBZ  counsel_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  matter_NN    how_CS convenient_JJ  the_AT1  phrase_NN    now_RL  occupied_VVD  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  .  
  hitherto_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  emotional_JJ  complication_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  concern_NN  .  
  with_IO  divorce_NN  impending_JJ  there_EX  were_VBDR  graver_JJ  implications_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  contemplated_VVD  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  dismayed_VBN  .  
  divorce_NN  spelled_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  marriage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wife_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  king_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  queen_NN  .  
  would_VM  he_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  primate_NN  of_IO  all_DB  England_NP  ,_,  be_VB0  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  harrowing_JJ  possibility_NN  of_IO  officiating_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  coronation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sovereign_NN  married_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  with_IO  two_MC  previous_JJ  husbands_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  to_TO  participate_VV0  would_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  surrender_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Church's_NNL1  principles_NNS  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  cardinal_JB  points_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  teaching_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unthinkable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  it_PPH1  might_VM  come_VV0  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  duty_NN  as_IO  primate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  that_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  the_AT1  wiser_JJ  course_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  action_NN  .  
  but_CCB  would_VM  not_XX  the_AT1  government_NN  intervene_VV0  .  
  Ministers_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  with_IO  distaste_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  postbags_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  delivery_NN  added_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  letters_NNS  from_IO  correspondents_NNS  anxious_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  reputation_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  generally_RR  expressed_JJ  opinion_NN  that_CS  something_PN1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  ,_,  something_PN1  of_RR  course_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  plaguy_JJ  divorce_NN  suit_NN  would_VM  add_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  urgency_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  letters_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  action_NN  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  viewed_VVD  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  sharp_JJ  ,_,  clear_JJ  vision_NN  unclouded_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  concern_NN  and_CC  anger_NN  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  given_VBN  no_AT1  expression_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  feelings_NNS  when_CS she_PPHO1  met_VVD  her_APP$  son_NN    there_EX  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  chance_NN  his_APP$  affections_NNS  might_VM  cool_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  divorce_NN    she_PPHO1  grew_VVD  indignant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  contemplated_VBN  .  
  that_CS  a_AT1  woman_NN  with_IO  two_MC  husbands_NNS  alive_JJ  should_VM  become_VV0  the_AT1  wife_NN  and_CC  consort_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  son_NN  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
  action_NN  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  before_CS  the_AT1  divorce_NN  case_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  for_IO  hearing_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  urged_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  should_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  characteristically_RR  she_PPHO1  placed_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  considered_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  her_APP$  obligations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  monarchy_NN  before_IO  her_APP$  affection_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  son_NN  .  
  so_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baldwin_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  share_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  others_DA2  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  ,_,  till_CS  the_AT1  play_NN  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  as_CS  his_APP$  majesty_NN  phrased_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  who_PNQS serves_VBZ  as_IO  ceremonial_JJ  figure-head_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  falls_VBZ  to_IO  his_APP$  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  speak_VV0  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  England_NP  .  
  not_XX  long_RR  afterwards_RR  another_DD1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  England_NP  in_IO  another_DD1  mood_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  Winston_NP  Churchill_NP  giving_VBG  the_AT1  lion's_NN1$  roar_NN  ,_,  voicing_VBG  the_AT1  might_NN  and_CC  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  .  
  Stanley_NP  Baldwin_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  wistful_JJ  musings_NNS  pictured_VVD  another_DD1  England_NP    a_AT1  country_NN  of_IO  hill_NN  and_CC  valley_NN  and_CC  meadowlands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  rolling_JJ  Cotswolds_NP2    and_CC  the_AT1  silver_JJ  serpentining_JJ  Severn_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  perfection_NN  of_IO  England_NP  seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Malvern_NP  heights_NNS  looking_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  marches_NNS  of_IO  Wales_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  England_NP  of_IO  quiet_JJ  country-folk_NNS  ,_,  pipe-smoking_JJ  farmers_NNS  ,_,  decent_JJ  townspeople_NNS  and_CC  factories_NNS  where_CS old_JJ  men_NNS  could_VM  sit_VV0  about_RP  on_IO  barrows_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  quiet_JJ  scenes_NNS  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  England_NP  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  wistful_JJ  brooding_NN  Stanley_NP  Baldwin_NP  ,_,  by_IO  some_DD  curious_JJ  twist_NN  of_IO  character_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  as_RG  shrewd_JJ  a_AT1  politician_NN  as_CS  ever_RR  reached_VVD  ten_MC  Downing_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  his_APP$  strength_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  from_IO  his_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  folk_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  brooding_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  yeomen_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  squires_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  those_DD2  sent_VBN  to_IO  Westminster_NP  to_TO  represent_VV0  their_APP$  fellows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  boast_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  worst_JJT  enemy_NN  would_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  of_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS      I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  reaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  people_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_IO  any_DD  course_NN  of_IO  action_NN    .  
  no_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  sensitive_JJ  than_IO  he_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  changing_JJ  moods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  of_RR  late_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  astray_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  carve-up_NN  of_IO  Abyssinia_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  health_NN  was_VBDZ  failing_VBG  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  continued_VBN  in_IO  office_NN  only_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  King_NNSB1  established_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  shared_VVD  the_AT1  doubts_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS questioned_VVD  whether_CS  Edward_NP  would_VM  rise_VV0  above_IO  the_AT1  handicaps_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  upbringing_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  weeks_NNS  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  House_NNL1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  ,_,  Baldwin_NP  had_VHD  complied_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  doctor's_NN1$  orders_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  absolute_JJ  rest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  number_NN  ten_MC  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  future_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  ,_,  divorce_NN  ,_,  marriage_NN    the_AT1  sequence_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  point_VV0  to_IO  one_MC1  inevitable_JJ  conclusion_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  decree_NN  granted_VBN  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  would_VM  become_VV0  absolute_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coronation_NN  in_IO  May_NN1  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  pressing_VBG  for_IO  intervention_NN    but_CCB  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  empowered_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  a_AT1  king_NN  could_VM  regulate_VV0  the_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  statute_NN  book_NN  makes_VBZ  no_AT1  provision_NN  for_IO  regulating_VBG  the_AT1  marriage_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  king_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  ever_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  defining_VBG  the_AT1  eligibility_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  queen_NN  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  there_RL  precedent_NN  to_TO  fall_VV0  back_RP  on_IO  ,_,  for_CS  no_AT1  Premier_NNSB1  had_VHD  ever_RR  faced_VBN  this_DD1  problem_NN  before_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  shared_VVD  Queen_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  repugnance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  to_II  thinking_VBG  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  marriage_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN    there_RL  he_PPHO1  disagreed_VVD  .  
  all_DB  his_APP$  information_NN  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  contrary_JJ  conclusion_NN  .  no_AT1  better_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  than_CS  through_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  autobiography_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  written_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  months_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  sixty-one_MC  and_CC  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  survey_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  peculiar_JJ  clarity_NN  that_PNQS sometimes_RR  comes_VBZ  with_IO  age_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  early_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  gradual_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  powers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  varied_JJ  influences_NNS  that_PNQS came_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  friends_NNS  into_IO  whose_PNQV$  orbits_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  attracted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  lively_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  fellow_JB  human_JJ  beings_NNS  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  descriptions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  met_VVD    whether_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  charmed_JJ  circles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  Vienna_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  'eighties_MC2  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  near-utopian_JB  cultural_JJ  climate_NN  of_IO  Weimar_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Goethe_NP  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  rough_NN  and_CC  tumble_NN  of_IO  journalistic_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  Berlin_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  edited_VVD  the_AT1  magazin_&FW  fu"r_&FW  literatur_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  find_VV0  agreement_NN  in_IO  opinion_NN  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  condition_NN  for_IO  friendship_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  loved_VVD  the_AT1  many-sidedness_NN  of_IO  life_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  finished_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  illness_NN  and_CC  death_NN  intervened_VVD  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  carries_VBZ  his_APP$  story_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  and_CC  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS led_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  life-work_NN  .  
  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  village_NN  of_IO  Kraljevec_NP  in_IO  southern_JJ  Austria_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  between_IO  Hungary_NP  and_CC  Croatia_NP  .  
  his_APP$  parents_NNS  both_DB2  belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  Austrian_JJ  forest_NN  region_NN  ,_,  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Danube_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  town_NN  of_IO  Geras_NP  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  passed_VBN  his_APP$  childhood_NN  and_CC  youth_NN  in_IO  close_JJ  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  seminary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Premonstratensian_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  instructed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  monks_NNS  .  
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  a_AT1  gamekeeper_NN  to_IO  Count_NNSB1  Hoyos_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  estate_NN  at_IO  Horn_NP  but_CCB  on_IO  his_APP$  marriage_NN  changed_VVD  this_DD1  occupation_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  telegraphist_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  Austrian_JJ  railway_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  a_AT1  countryman_NN  at_IO  heart_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  work_NN  was_VBDZ  uncongenial_JJ  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  promoted_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  station-master_NN  of_IO  Pottschach_NP  in_IO  lower_JJ  Austria_NP  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  little_JJ  railway_NN  station_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  magnificent_JJ  scenery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Styrian_JJ  Alps_NP2  before_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  spent_VVD  the_AT1  formative_JJ  years_NNS  from_IO  two_MC  to_IO  eight_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  much_RR  absorbed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  any_DD  other_DA  small_JJ  boy_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  taught_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  letters_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  insatiable_JJ  curiosity_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  ways_NNS  taught_VVD  him_PPHO1  many_DA  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  complete_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  milling_VBG  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  learnt_VVD  from_IO  constant_JJ  visits_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  mill_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  problems_NNS  that_PNQS exercised_VVD  his_APP$  active_JJ  mind_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  filled_VBN  with_IO  questions_NNS    ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  carry_VV0  these_DD2  questions_NNS  about_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  unanswered_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  my_APP$  eighth_MD  year_NN    .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  the_AT1  family_NN  moved_VVD  to_IO  Neudorff_NP  in_IO  Hungary_NP  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  they_PPHS2  remained_VVD  until_CS  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  was_VBDZ  seventeen_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  were_VBDR  now_RL  visible_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  but_CCB  near_II  at_IO  hand_NN  were_VBDR  mountains_NNS  easier_JJ  to_TO  climb_VV0  and_CC  great_JJ  forests_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  peasants_NNS  gathered_VVD  wood_NN  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  sister_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  Rudolf_NP  walked_VVD  and_CC  climbed_VVD  ,_,  bringing_VBG  back_RP  wild_JJ  fruits_NNS  for_IO  supper_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  preferred_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  alone_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  met_VVD  .  
  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  part_NN  every_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  vintage_NN  and_CC  with_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  school_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  through_IO  the_AT1  assistant_NN  master_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  great_JJ  event_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  took_VVD  place_NN    an_AT1  event_NN  that_PNQS ,_,  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  ,_,  influenced_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  development_NN  and_CC  of_IO  his_APP$  future_JB  work_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  discovery_NN  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  teacher's_NN1$  room_NN  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  text_NN  book_NN  on_IO  geometry_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  borrow_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  through_IO  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  deepest_JJT  satisfaction_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  yet_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  by_IO  this_DD1  science_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  justification_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  assumption_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unseen_JJ  world_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  certain_JJ  a_AT1  fact_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  which_DDQ  man_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  produced_VBN  but_CCB  which_DDQ  had_VHD  a_AT1  significance_NN  quite_RR  independent_JJ  of_IO  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  unaided_JJ  something_PN1  that_PNQS gave_VVD  confirmation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    unseen_JJ    world_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  aware_JJ  even_RR  before_IO  his_APP$  eighth_MD  year_NN  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  longed_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  .  
  had_VHD  not_XX  the_AT1  seen_JJ  received_VBN  light_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  unseen_JJ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  forced_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  the_AT1  physical_JJ  world_NN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  darkness_NN  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  another_DD1  outstanding_JJ  event_NN  that_PNQS took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  tenth_MD  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  bear_VV0  fruit_NN  in_IO  later_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  introduction_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  priest_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  Copernicus_NP  .  
  astronomy_NN  became_VVD  as_RG  absorbing_JJ  a_AT1  study_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  now_RL  formed_VBN  an_AT1  attachment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  priest_NN  and_CC  also_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  server_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  chorister_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  duties_NNS  with_IO  sensitive_JJ  participation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  sonorous_JJ  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  liturgy_NN    a_AT1  vital_JJ  happiness_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  mediation_NN  between_IO  his_APP$  two_MC  worlds_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  soporific_NN  ,_,  for_CS  through_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  and_CC  in_IO  contemplation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ritual_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  riddle_NN  of_IO  existence_NN  rising_VBG  before_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO    powerful_JJ  and_CC  suggestive_JJ  fashion_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  rather_RR  sad_JJ  little_JJ  comment_NN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  early_JJ  religious_JJ  experience_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  stranger_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  house_NN    ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  temporarily_RR  shed_VBN  his_APP$  piety_NN  and_CC  become_VBN  a_AT1    free-thinker_NN    .  
  Rudolf_NP  Steiner's_PPIO2  home_NN1  could_VM  offer_VV0  him_PPHO1  no_AT1  cultural_JJ  background_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  warm-hearted_JJ  ,_,  quick-tempered_JJ  ,_,  gregarious_JJ  man_NN  felt_VVD  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  books_NNS  and_CC  loved_VVD  nothing_PN1  better_RRR  than_IO  a_AT1  political_JJ  argument_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  worthies_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  lime_NN  trees_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  summer_NN  evening_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  Hausfrau_NN  ,_,  sitting_VBG  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  with_IO  her_APP$  knitting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  playing_VBG  around_RP  .  
  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  was_VBDZ  indebted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  doctor_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  introduction_NN  to_IO  German_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  pacing_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  beside_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  enthusiastic_JJ  doctor_NN  opened_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  eager_JJ  little_JJ  boy_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  of_IO  Goethe_NP  ,_,  with_IO  whose_PNQV$  conception_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  his_APP$  own_DA  future_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  closely_RR  linked_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  Schiller_NP  ,_,  from_IO  whose_PNQV$  letters_NNS  a_DA  few_DA  sentences_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  wake_VV0  the_AT1  train_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  perception_NN  that_CS  man_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  changing_VBG  his_APP$  state_NN  of_IO  consciousness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  literary_JJ  influence_NN  happily_RR  continued_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  boy_NN  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Realschule_NN  in_IO  Wiener-Neustadt_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  school_NN  where_CS prominence_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  science_NN  and_CC  modern_JJ  languages_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  school_NN  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  father_NN  had_VHD  determined_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  promising_JJ  son_NN  should_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  civil_JJ  engineer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  indifferent_JJ  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  school_NN  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  provided_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  some_DD  satisfactory_JJ  answers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  vital_JJ  questions_NNS  he_PPHO1  bore_VVD  within_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO    life_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  soul_NN    .  
  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  devotes_VBZ  a_AT1  chapter_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  school-days_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  powers_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  were_VBDR  far_RR  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  existence_NN    an_AT1  approach_NN  which_DDQ  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  regard_VV0  as_CS  essential_JJ  for_IO  modern_JJ  man_NN    was_VBDZ  his_PP$  by_IO  natural_JJ  proclivity_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  barely_RR  eleven_MC  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  a_AT1  paper_NN  published_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  head-master_NN  on_IO    attraction_NN  considered_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  motion_NN    .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  but_II  little_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  began_VVD  with_IO  higher_JJ  mathematics_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  derived_VVD  sufficient_JJ  meaning_NN  from_IO  certain_JJ  passages_NNS  to_TO  build_VV0  a_AT1  bridge_NN  between_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  priest_NN  of_IO  Neudorff_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  saved_VVD  his_APP$  pocket_NN  money_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  buy_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  author_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  motion_NN  of_IO  matter_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  cause_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  works_NNS  ,_,  combined_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  studies_NNS  in_IO  mathematics_NN  and_CC  physics_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  through_IO  his_APP$  third_MD  and_CC  fourth_MD  year_NN  and_CC  finally_RR  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  nature_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  win_VV0  a_AT1  standing_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  .  
  this_DD1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  he_PPHO1  consciously_RR  perceived_VVD  lying_VBG  before_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  :_:  
    one_MC1  can_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  by_IO  one's_$  own_DA  soul_NN  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  thinking_VBG  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  form_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  attain_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  natural_JJ  phenomena_NNS    .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  discovered_VVD  Kant_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  saw_VVD  the_AT1  critique_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  reason_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  window_NN  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  rest_VV0  until_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  longed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  human_JJ  reason_NN  could_VM  achieve_VV0  in_IO  gaining_VBG  genuine_JJ  insight_NN  into_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  called_VVD    the_AT1  being_NN  of_IO  things_NNS    .  
    how_CS does_VBZ  one_MC1  pass_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,    from_IO  simple_JJ  clear-cut_JJ  perceptions_NNS  to_IO  concepts_NNS  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  natural_JJ  phenomena_NNS  .    
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  read_VV0  one_MC1  page_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  critique_NN  twenty_MC  times_NNS  over_RP  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  arrive_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  decision_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  relation_NN  sustained_VBN  by_IO  human_JJ  thought_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  creative_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  advance_NN  through_IO  Kant_NP  .  
  the_AT1  study_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  valueless_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  subjecting_VBG  himself_PPX1  to_IO  that_DD1  severe_JJ  discipline_NN  in_IO  thinking_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  sustained_VBN  throughout_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  of_IO  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  so_RR  to_TO  construct_VV0  thought_NN  within_IO  himself_PPX1  that_CS  every_AT1  thought_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  objectively_RR  surveyed_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  identification_NN  with_IO  feeling_NN  .  
  thus_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  mystic_NN  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  earlier_JJ  emotional_JJ  reaction_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  liturgy_NN  he_PPHO1  now_RL  tried_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  within_IO  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  harmony_NN  between_IO  objective_JJ  thinking_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  dogma_NN  and_CC  symbolism_NN  of_IO  religion_NN  .  
  this_DD1  attempt_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  diminished_VVD  his_APP$  reverence_NN  and_CC  devotion_NN  .  
  his_APP$  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  teachings_NNS  of_IO  religion_NN  was_VBDZ  determined_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  ,_,    by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  to_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  counted_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  objects_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  perception_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  reason_NN  why_CS these_DD2  teachings_NNS  penetrated_VVD  so_RG  deeply_RR  into_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  in_IO  them_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  how_CS the_AT1  human_JJ  spirit_NN  can_VM  find_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  consciously_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  supersensible_JJ    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  natural_JJ  result_NN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:    to_IO  what_DDQ  extent_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  human_JJ  thinking_NN  real_JJ  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  agent_NN  .    
  and_CC  ,_,  furthermore_RR  ,_,  to_TO  debate_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  the_AT1  possible_JJ  scope_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  with_IO  these_DD2  problems_NNS  uppermost_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  Rudolf_NP  Steiner_NP  entered_VVD  the_AT1  Technische_NP  Hochschule_NP  in_IO  Vienna_NP  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  on_IO  philosophy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  now_RL  decided_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  teacher_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  already_RR  done_VBN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  coaching_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  enrolled_VVD  for_IO  mathematics_NN  ,_,  natural_JJ  history_NN  and_CC  chemistry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  fortunate_JJ  in_IO  having_VHG  as_IO  his_APP$  lecturer_NN  in_IO  physics_NN  Edmond_NP  Reitlinger_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  freie_&FW  Blicke_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  the_AT1  prevailing_JJ  mechanical_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  nor_CC  the_AT1  wave_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  light_NN  ,_,  and_CC  through_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  theories_NNS  of_IO  cognition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Darwinian_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  evolution_NN  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  fruitful_JJ  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  higher_JJ  organisms_NNS  derive_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  this_DD1  idea_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  was_VBDZ  immeasurably_RR  difficult_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  conceived_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1    inner_JB  man_NN    as_CS  dipping_VBG  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  world_NN  and_CC  uniting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  organism_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  perceive_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  act_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  world_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  now_RL  come_VBN  to_TO  realize_VV0  ,_,  through_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  struggles_NNS  to_TO  win_VV0  concepts_NNS  in_IO  natural_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  ego_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  sole_JB  starting_NN  point_NN  for_IO  arriving_VBG  at_IO  true_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  previously_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  worked_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  premise_NN  ,_,  first_RR  observing_VBG  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  derive_VV0  from_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ego_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  penetrate_VV0  nature's_NN1$  process_NN  of_IO    becoming_VBG    from_IO  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ego_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  about_RR  nineteen_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  age_NN  when_CS the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ego_NN  begins_VBZ  to_TO  assert_VV0  itself_PPX1  more_RG  fully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  onwards_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gradually_RR  to_TO  expand_VV0  his_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  eternal_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  man's_NN1$  ego_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  consciousness_NN  .  it_PPH1  came_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  gift_NN  ,_,  generously_RR  and_CC  unexpectedly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  slanting_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  lent_VVD  a_AT1  liquid_JJ  softness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  depths_NNS  below_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  looking_VBG  into_IO  an_AT1  unruffled_JJ  lake_NN  ,_,  2,000_MC  feet_NNS  of_IO  clear_JJ  water_NN  .  
  a_AT1  mile_NN  distant_JJ  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  valley_NN  dropped_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  Esera_NP  made_VVD  an_AT1  elbow_NN  turn_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  thus_RR  giving_VBG  the_AT1  valley-head_NN  its_APP$  secrecy_NN  .  
  as_CS  so_RG  rarely_RR  happens_VBZ  in_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  looked_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  perfection_NN  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  ;_;  such_DA  things_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  normally_RR  come_VV0  about_RP  .  
  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  that_DD1  unreality_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  sense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  landscape_NN  under_IO  spell_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  travellers_NNS  have_VH0  repeatedly_RR  noted_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  Pyrenees_NP2  .  
  an_AT1  alpine_JJ  valley_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  groomed_VBN  and_CC  put_VBN  to_IO  use_NN  ,_,  beautiful_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  way_NN  :_:  pastures_NNS  subdivided_VBN  into_IO  toy-like_JJ  rectangles_NNS  and_CC  rhomboids_NNS  ,_,  tousled_JJ  mops_NNS  of_IO  hay_NN  drying_NN  on_IO  ash_NN  poles_NNS  ,_,  ruminating_JJ  cattle_NNS  ,_,  brown_JJ  chalets_NNS  .  
  here_RL  there_EX  seemed_VVD  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  life_NN  or_CC  husbandry_NN  ,_,  until_CS  our_APP$  muleteer_NN  indicated_VVD  ,_,  among_IO  the_AT1  boulders_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  opposing_JJ  mountain-side_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hut_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  Don_NNSB1  Miguel_NP  had_VHD  secured_VBN  the_AT1  key_NN  ,_,  and_CC  drew_VVD  our_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  curious_JJ  brown_JJ  blotch_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pastures_NNS  below_II  .  
    mares_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  descended_VVD  knee-deep_JJ  through_IO  feathery_JJ  grasses_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  parted_VVD  easily_RR  and_CC  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  ,_,  scattering_VBG  myriads_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  seeds_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  through_IO  green_JJ  foam_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  Turk's_NNP$  head_NN  lilies_NNS  and_CC  patches_NNS  of_IO  iris_NN  ,_,  islands_NNS  of_IO  brilliant_JJ  blue_NN  set_VBN  capriciously_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  sea_NN  .  
  quail_NNS  ,_,  unusual_JJ  at_IO  such_DA  altitude_NN  ,_,  flushed_VVD  at_IO  our_APP$  feet_NNS  but_CCB  their_APP$  straight_JJ  brusque_JJ  flight_NN  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  lacked_VVD  determination_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  collapsed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  silent_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  talks_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  hut_NN  or_CC  by_IO  a_AT1  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  much_DA  when_CS walking_VBG  or_CC  climbing_VBG  :_:  one_MC1  is_VBZ  either_LE  too_RG  preoccupied_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  too_RG  happy_JJ  .  
  going_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Val_NP  d'Esera_NP  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  happy_JJ  .  
  approaching_VBG  the_AT1  valley_NN  bottom_NN  we_PPIS2  remarked_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  horses_NNS  pasturing_VBG  there_RL  did_VDD  not_XX  stray_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  brown_JJ  blotch_NN  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  extended_VVD  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  quarter-mile_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  confined_VBN  within_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  mysterious_JJ  social_JJ  tie_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  varied_VVD  from_IO  cream_NN  to_IO  black_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  colours_NNS  were_VBDR  seen_VBN  against_IO  sward_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  curve_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  back_NN  outlined_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  mere_JB  quadrupeds_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  animals_NNS  that_PNQS obsessed_VVD  Piero_NP  di_&FW  Cosimo_NP  .  
  though_CS  sharing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  the_AT1  permanence_NN  of_IO  art_NN    and_CC  here_RL  again_RR  was_VBDZ  strangeness_NN    they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  wheel_VV0  in_IO  continual_JJ  movement_NN  about_IO  an_AT1  invisible_JJ  centre_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  surprising_JJ  for_IO  when_CS one_MC1  looked_VVD  closely_RR  ,_,  narrowing_VBG  vision_NN  to_IO  ten_MC  square_JJ  yards_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  detected_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  shaken_JJ  mane_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  lifted_JJ  hoof_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  arbitrary_JJ  turn_NN  .  
  our_APP$  route_NN  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  herd_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  threaded_VVD  our_APP$  way_NN  among_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  disregarded_VVD  us_PPIO2   .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  grown_VBN  larger_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  landowners_NNS  do_VD0  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  estates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  reach_VV0  only_RR  their_APP$  withers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  aborigines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  proper_JJ  owners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  intruding_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$  gathering_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  lucky_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  challenged_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  language_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  trod_VVD  delicately_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  cropping_JJ  beasts_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS so_RG  generously_RR  ignored_VVD  us_PPIO2   .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  herdsman_NN  ;_;  that_CS  he_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  rags_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  domed_JJ  mud-hovel_NN  ,_,  could_VM  perform_VV0  some_DD  useful_JJ  office_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  noble_JJ  creatures_NNS  seemed_VVD  improbable_JJ  .  
  here_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  headwaters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Esera_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  human_JJ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  disadvantage_NN  .  
  less_RG  confident_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  herd_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  jumped_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  held_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  staff_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  barrier_NN  towards_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  spoke_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  watching_VBG  uncertainly_RR  (_(  though_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  herd_NN  not_XX  a_AT1  head_NN  was_VBDZ  lifted_VBN  )_)  as_CS  we_PPIS2  moved_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  soft_JJ  nap_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  boulder-strewn_JJ  slopes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  .  
  in_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  hut_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  pleasure_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  untenanted_JJ  hut_NN  ;_;  in_IO  disposing_VBG  one's_$  gear_NN  methodically_RR  ;_;  in_IO  finding_VBG  employment_NN  for_IO  hook_NN  ,_,  table_NN  ,_,  and_CC  bench_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  long_RR  unused_JJ  ;_;  in_IO  starting_VBG  a_AT1  fire_NN  and_CC  creating_VBG  warmth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  offers_VBZ  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  moving_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  accomplished_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  satisfaction_NN  rarely_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  enjoyed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  Pyrenees_NP2  .  
  we_PPIS2  little_RR  realised_VVD  that_CS  we_PPIS2  slept_VVD  that_DD1  night_NN  in_IO  comfort_NN  such_CS  as_CS  existed_VVD  nowhere_RR  else_RR  in_IO  Aragon_NP  at_IO  7,000_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  area_NN  which_DDQ  knew_VVD  little_DA  of_IO  climbing_NN  history_NN  ,_,  of_IO  guides_NNS  ,_,  guide-books_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  huts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Rencluse_NP  hut_NN  were_VBDR  exceptional_JJ  .  
  as_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pyrenees_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  attempted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  climbed_VBN  in_IO  1842_MC  and_CC  ,_,  though_CS  lying_VBG  well_RR  in_IO  Spanish_JJ  territory_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  for_IO  decades_NNS  been_VBN  a_AT1  popular_JJ  ascent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  logical_JJ  approach_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  Luchon_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  frontier_NN  was_VBDZ  crossed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Esera_NP  gained_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  notch_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  watershed_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Port_NNL1  de_&FW  Benasque_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  passage_NN  between_IO  rock_NN  walls_NNS  at_IO  some_DD  8,000_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  hut_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  ,_,  people_NNS  made_VVD  their_APP$  bivouac_NN  and_CC  lit_VVD  their_APP$  fires_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  cave-like_JJ  shelter_NN  ,_,    la_&FW  Rencluse_NP  .    
  later_RRR  a_AT1  cabin_NN  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  nearby_RR  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  amiable_JJ  and_CC  rugged_JJ  Madame_NNSB1  Sayo_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  reputation_NN  has_VHZ  long_RR  outlived_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  ministered_VVD  to_IO  mountaineers_NNS  .  
  time_NN  passed_VVD  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  war_NN  the_AT1  frontier_NN  was_VBDZ  closed_VBN  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS found_VVD  their_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  come_VV0  to_TO  climb_VV0  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  authorities_NNS  regained_VVD  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  after_IO  1945_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Rencluse_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  ashes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  rebuilt_VBN  by_IO  Jose*?2_NP  Abadias_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  later_RRR  to_TO  meet_VV0  ,_,  patriarch_NN  and_CC  innkeeper_NN  at_IO  Benasque_NP  ,_,  six_MC  hours_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  Esera_NP  valley_NN  .  
  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  slept_VVD  under_IO  a_AT1  roof_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  woke_VVD  to_IO  storm_NN  and_CC  wind_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  acceptable_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  hut_NN  ,_,  if_CS  days_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  too_RG  precious_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  frayed_JJ  rope-end_NN  to_TO  re-bind_VV0  and_CC  crumpled_JJ  flowers_NNS  to_TO  identify_VV0  .  
  beside_IO  the_AT1  stove_NN  we_PPIS2  pored_VVD  over_IO  maps_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  of_IO  other_DA  mountains_NNS  and_CC  augured_VVD  hopefully_RR  from_IO  other_DA  storms_NNS  on_IO  other_DA  occasions_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  dozed_VVD  over_IO  our_APP$  books_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  slept_VVD  .  
  intermittently_RR  we_PPIS2  questioned_VVD  the_AT1  barometer_NN  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  above_II  ,_,  watched_VVD  the_AT1  battle_NN  sway_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  peaks_NNS  threw_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  assaulting_JJ  cloud_NN  or_CC  went_VVD  down_RP  fighting_VBG  ,_,  blotted_VBN  out_RP  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  cleared_VVD  towards_IO  evening_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  spirits_NNS  lifted_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  vapour_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  stepped_VVD  out_RP  buoyantly_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  air_NN  deliciously_RR  clear_JJ  ,_,  rinsed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  departed_JJ  rain_NN  and_CC  wind_NN  .  
  jumping_VBG  like_IO  children_NNS  from_IO  boulder_NN  to_IO  boulder_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  raced_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  mountainside_NN  .  
  above_IO  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  peaks_NNS  ,_,  hidden_VBN  all_DB  day_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  returned_VBN  firm_JJ  and_CC  confident_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  stations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  valley_NN  glistened_VVD  ,_,  no_RR  longer_RRR  obscured_VBN  by_IO  veils_NNS  of_IO  driving_JJ  rain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mares_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  formal_JJ  circle_NN  were_VBDR  grazing_VBG  unconcerned_JJ  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  herdsman_NN  was_VBDZ  fishing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stream_NN  .  
  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  white_JJ  Pyrenean_JJ  sheep-dog_NN  sat_VVD  on_IO  its_APP$  haunches_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  evening_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  elsewhere_RR  at_IO  any_DD  price_NN  .  
  though_CS  the_AT1  weather_NN  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  a_RR  little_RR  too_RG  warm_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  stars_NNS  were_VBDR  out_RP  .  
  tomorrow_NN1  we_PPIS2  should_VM  climb_VV0  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  .  
  in_IO  itself_PPX1  the_AT1  climb_NN  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  ,_,  un_&FW  nada_&FW  as_CS  someone_PN1  had_VHD  airily_RR  remarked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  at_IO  Le*?2s_NP  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  in_IO  Aragon_NP  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  reassuring_JJ  tracks_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  guide-books_NNS  or_CC  maps_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  modern_JJ  climber_NN  knows_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  imagination_NN  was_VBDZ  free_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  on_IO  our_APP$  11,000-foot_JB  mountain_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  constituted_VVD  the_AT1  very_DA  point_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  expedition_NN  .  
  having_VHG  set_VBN  the_AT1  alarm_NN  clock_NN  for_IO  three-thirty_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  crawled_VBN  early_RR  into_IO  our_APP$  sleeping_NN  bags_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  already_RR  the_AT1  morning_NN  was_VBDZ  with_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  anticipation_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  sleep_NN  difficult_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  poured_VVD  more_DA  wine_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  talking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  trestle_NN  table_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  stove_NN  purred_VVD  .  
  naturally_RR  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  inelegant_JJ  but_CCB  convincing_JJ  massif_NN  that_PNQS couched_VVD  above_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  draped_VBN  with_IO  glaciers_NNS  it_PPH1  stretched_VVD  three_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Pic_NP  d'Alba_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  Pic_NP  des_&FW  Tempe*?5tes_NP  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  backbone_NN  dropped_VVD  nowhere_RR  below_IO  10,000_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  crux_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  climb_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Pont_NP  de_&FW  Mahomet_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  airy_JJ  granite_NN  ridge_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  summit_NN  .  
  presumably_RR  the_AT1  name_NN  was_VBDZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  rope_NN  known_VBN  to_IO  Muslim_JJ  theology_NN  which_DDQ  stretches_VBZ  over_IO  hell_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  the_AT1  righteous_JJ  alone_RR  can_VM  cross_VV0  to_TO  attain_VV0  paradise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  stranger_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  adjoining_JJ  Maldetta_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  accursed_JJ  mountain_NN  .  
    accursed_NC2    they_PPHS2  say_VV0  because_CS  Christ_NP  wandering_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  wilderness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  meeting_VBG  with_IO  fierce_JJ  herdsmen_NNS  and_CC  fiercer_JJ  dogs_NNS  ,_,  turned_VVD  the_AT1  latter_DA  to_IO  stone_NN  .  
  Christ_NP  ,_,  Mahomet_NP  ,_,  such_DA  are_VBR  the_AT1  names_NNS  that_PNQS shepherds_NNS  here_RL  have_VH0  long_RR  invoked_VBN  .  
  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  friends_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  massif_NN  and_CC  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Pyrenees_NP2  rightfully_RR  belong_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  envisaged_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  clad_JJ  in_IO  Norfolk_NP  jackets_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  new-fangled_JJ  balaclava_NN  helmets_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  skyline_NN  or_CC  straddling_VBG  the_AT1  Pont_NP  de_&FW  Mahomet_NP  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  wheezing_JJ  stove_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Rencluse_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  duty_NN  to_TO  remember_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  no_AT1  mountain_NN  chain_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  so_RG  lovingly_RR  pioneered_VBN  as_CS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  central_JJ  Pyrenees_NP2  by_IO  Packe_NP  and_CC  Russell_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  discovered_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  nearly_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  ago_RR  .  
  having_VHG  no_AT1  maps_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  guide_NN  but_CCB  observation_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  compass_NN  ,_,  year_NN  after_IO  year_NN  they_PPHS2  navigated_VVD  like_IO  sailors_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  reefs_NNS  and_CC  glaciers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  first_MD  ascents_NNS  are_VBR  numberless_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  country_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  expeditions_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  assaults_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  conquer_VV0  peaks_NNS  to_TO  possess_VV0  and_CC  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  do_VD0  mountain_NN  philanderers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  climbs_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  a_AT1  battle_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  parting_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  cherished_VVD  their_APP$  mountains_NNS  and_CC  returned_VVD  .  
  Packe_NP  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  six_MC  times_NNS  ;_;  Russell_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS made_VVD  at_RR  least_RR  five_MC  ascents_NNS  ,_,  once_RR  spent_VVD  a_AT1  night_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  summit_NN  and_CC  at_IO  dawn_NN  noted_VVD  the_AT1  snow_NN  blood-red_JJ  where_CS the_AT1  first_MD  sun_NN  struck_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  deep_RR  blue_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  .  
  though_CS  friends_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  different_JJ  ,_,  representing_VBG  two_MC  approaches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  mountaineering_NN  has_VHZ  much_RR  depended_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  .  
  Charles_NP  Packe_NP  was_VBDZ  geologist_NN  ,_,  botanist_NN  ,_,  cartographer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  scholar_NN  (_(  climbing_VBG  with_IO  Horace_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  the_AT1  squire_NN  of_IO  Stretton_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Leicestershire_NP  gentleman_NN  who_PNQS found_VVD  the_AT1  Pyrenees_NP2  more_RG  exciting_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  hunting_NN  field_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  concealed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  brusque_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  for_CS  though_CS  a_AT1  modest_JJ  man_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  easy_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  his_APP$  systematic_JJ  exploration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chain_NN  in_IO  1859_MC  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  companion_NN  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Pic_NP  de_&FW  Sauvegarde_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  ,_,  while_CS  no_AT1  doubt_NN  perturbed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  not_XX  deflected_VBN  .  
  noting_VBG  Jurassic_JJ  limestone_NN  ,_,  greensand_NN  ,_,  names_NNS  of_IO  rare_JJ  flowers_NNS  ,_,  barometric_JJ  pressures_NNS  and_CC  making_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  uncharted_JJ  country_NN  expedition_NN  on_IO  expedition_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  accumulated_VVD  knowledge_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  found_VVD  expression_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  guide-book_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  Pyrenees_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  map_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Maladetta_NP  area_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  remove_NN  the_AT1  methodical_JJ  explorer_NN  allows_VBZ  a_AT1  single_JJ  welcome_JJ  glimpse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eccentric_JJ  squire_NN  :_:  on_IO  solitary_JJ  expeditions_NNS  he_PPHO1  roped_VVD  with_IO  Ossou"e_NP  and_CC  Azor_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  great_JJ  Pyrenean_JJ  sheep-dogs_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  surely_RR  in_IO  misplaced_JJ  confidence_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  a_AT1  frozen_JJ  tarn_NN  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  negotiated_VVD  the_AT1  icefields_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  .  
    mon_&FW  ami_&FW  Packe_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  phrase_NN  recurs_VBZ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  writings_NNS  of_IO  Count_NNSB1  Henri_NP  Patrick_NP  Marie_NP  Russell-Killough_NP  .  
  the_AT1  latter's_$  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  affectionate_JJ  and_CC  generous_JJ  character_NN  .  
  born_VBN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  heir_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  papal_JJ  title_NN  ,_,  Russell_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  Irish_JJ  catholic_NN  .  
  these_DD2  facts_NNS  were_VBDR  less_RG  important_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  than_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Chateaubriand_NP  ,_,  Lamartine_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Byron_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  always_RR  saw_VVD  in_IO  some_DD  part_NN  through_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  late_JJ  but_CCB  heroic_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  era_NN  .  
  from_IO  that_DD1  era_NN  both_DB2  his_APP$  literary_JJ  style_NN    for_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  weird_JJ  but_CCB  considerable_JJ  talent_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  writer_NN    and_CC  his_APP$  attitudes_NNS  derived_VVD  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  bravura_NN  .  
  charm_NN  ,_,  passion_NN  ,_,  eccentricity_NN  ,_,  created_VVD  his_APP$  legend_NN  ;_;  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  many_DA  less_RG  well_RR  founded_VBN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  verse_NN  ,_,  played_VVD  the_AT1  fiddle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  dance_VV0  all_DB  night_NN  (_(    effre*?2ne*?2_&FW  valseur_&FW    they_PPHS2  said_VVD  )_)  before_IO  starting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  thirty-mile_JB  walk_NN  at_IO  dawn_NN  .  
  his_APP$  romantic_JJ  daemon_NN  sent_VVD  him_PPHO1  briefly_RR  and_CC  disastrously_RR  to_IO  sea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  early_JJ  twenties_MC2  happily_RR  across_IO  Siberia_NP  ,_,  to_IO  Australia_NP  ,_,  to_IO  New_NP  Zealand_NP  (_(  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  for_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  alone_JJ  and_CC  without_IO  food_NN  )_)  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  Americas_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  to_IO  within_IO  sight_NN  of_IO  Everest_NP  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  in_IO  1863_MC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twenty-nine_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  first_RR  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  Aneto_NP  and_CC  met_VVD  Packe_NP  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  quite_RR  simply_RR  ,_,  devoted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Pyrenees_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  range_NN  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  something_PN1  like_IO  European_JJ  fame_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  at_RR  least_RR  sixteen_MC  first_MD  ascents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  character_NN  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  solitary_JJ  .  3_MC  .  
  technique_NN  and_CC  culture_NN  :_:  three_MC  Cambridge_NP  portraits_NNS  .  
  \0S_NP  Gorley_NP  Putt_NP  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  opening_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  already_RR  famous_JJ  Rede_NP  lecture_NN  for_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  cultures_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  revolution_NN  (_(  Cambridge_NP  University_NNL1  press_NN  )_)  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Snow_NP  discloses_VBZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  accidents_NNS  that_PNQS led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  move_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  an_AT1  impressionable_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  between_IO  those_DD2  two_MC  cultures_NNS  the_AT1  separation_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  forms_VBZ  the_AT1  main_JB  theme_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  essay_NN  .  
    by_IO  training_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  scientist_NN  :_:  by_IO  vocation_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  writer_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  continues_VBZ  :_:  
    there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  plenty_NN  of_IO  days_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  spent_VBN  the_AT1  working_NN  hours_NNS  with_IO  scientists_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  gone_VBN  off_RP  at_IO  night_NN  with_IO  some_DD  literary_JJ  colleagues_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  so_RR  happened_VVD  that_CS  while_CS  Snow_NP  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  employed_VBN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  undergraduate_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  college_NN  (_(  Christ's_PPIO2  )_)  ,_,  spending_VBG  my_APP$  own_DA  working_NN  hours_NNS  in_IO  and_CC  around_IO  the_AT1  English_NN1  tripos_NN  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  happiest_JJT  evenings_NNS  in_IO  Snow's_PPIO2  rooms_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  even_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  though_CS  his_APP$  junior_NN  in_IO  years_NNS  and_CC  status_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2    literary_JJ  colleagues_NNS    to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  refers_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  notice_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  dropped_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO  calling_VBG  my_APP$  friend_NN    Snow_NC2    rather_RR  than_IO    Charles_NC2    .  
  his_APP$  old_JJ  friends_NNS  call_VV0  him_PPHO1  Snow_NP  :_:  only_RR  his_APP$  new_JJ  friends_NNS  call_VV0  him_PPHO1  Charles_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  why_CS .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  because_CS  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  less_RRR  a_AT1  man_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  conglomeration_NN  of_IO  qualities_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  judgements_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  watched_VVD  our_APP$  own_DA  opinions_NNS  first_RR  drawn_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  then_RL  appraised_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  probably_RR  right_JJ    ,_,  he_PPHO1  may_VM  nowadays_RR  say_VV0  with_IO  immense_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  hearty_JJ  graciousness_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  when_CS he_PPHO1  delivered_VVD  a_AT1  Cambridge_NP  judgment_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  firmly_RR  and_CC  quietly_RR  ,_,  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN    .  
  this_DD1  serene_JJ  abstraction_NN  caused_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  personally_RR  devoted_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  him_PPHO1  nevertheless_RR  as_CS  a_RR  little_RR  other_DA  than_CS  human_JJ  .  
  (_(  however_CS fond_JJ  one_MC1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Johnson_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  called_VBN  him_PPHO1    Sam_NC2    .  )_)  
  but_CCB  now_CS  that_CS  \0C_NP  \0P_NP  Snow_NP  has_VHZ  impinged_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  scene_NN  at_IO  many_DA  points_NNS    now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_RR  once_RR  novelist_NN  ,_,  knight_NN  ,_,  critic_NN  ,_,  administrator_NN  ,_,  business_NN  man_NN  ,_,  lecturer_NN  ,_,  husband_NN  ,_,  father_NN  ,_,  seer_NN    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  embodied_VBN  his_APP$  manifold_JJ  abstractions_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  baptized_JJ  human_JJ  being_NN  called_VBN    Charles_NC2    .  
  a_AT1  pity_NN  .  
  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   who_PNQS first_RR  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  at_IO  Christ's_PPIO2  ,_,  the_AT1  word_NN  sounds_VBZ  strangely_RR  formal_JJ  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  undergraduates_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  generation_NN  ,_,  Snow_NP  figured_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  emancipator_NN  .  
  emancipator_NN  from_IO  what_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  from_IO  shyness_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
  his_APP$  work_NN  was_VBDZ  mainly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  molecules_NNS  ;_;  his_APP$  talk_NN  ,_,  without_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  trace_NN  of_IO  donnish_JJ  moderation_NN  ,_,  sprayed_VBN  over_IO  life_NN  ,_,  love_NN  ,_,  politics_NN  ,_,  Proust_NP  .  .  
  all_DB  his_APP$  friends_NNS  were_VBDR  Snows_NP2  ,_,  all_DB  his_APP$  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  Swanns_NP2  .  
  let_VV0  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circle_NN  open_VV0  his_APP$  mouth_NN  in_IO  song_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  Caruso_NP  ;_;  let_VV0  another_DD1  string_VV0  a_AT1  short_JJ  story_NN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  bidden_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  him_PPHO1  another_DD1  Proust_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  ,_,  at_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  Verdurin_NP  party_NN  .  
  and_CC  although_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Snow_NP  circle_NN  have_VH0  indeed_RR  come_VBN  to_TO  occupy_VV0  places_NNS  of_IO  considerable_JJ  eminence_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  still_RR  show_VV0  traces_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  early_JJ  boisterousness_NN    as_CS  when_CS one_MC1  habitue*?2_NN  splendidly_RR  announced_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  midst_NN  of_IO  wartime_NN  privations_NNS  :_:  
    my_APP$  landlady_NN  has_VHZ  four_MC  thousands_MC2  hens_NNS  .    
  (_(  the_AT1  landlady's_NN1$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Rothschild_NP  .  )_)  
  others_DA2  have_VH0  merely_RR  retained_VBN  an_AT1  undergraduate_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  public_JJ  personages_NNS  by_IO  their_APP$  Christian_JJ  names_NNS    as_CS  though_CS  in_IO  reaction_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  habit_NN  of_IO  calling_VBG  their_APP$  private_JJ  friend_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  surname_NN  .  
  yet_RR  all_DB  these_DD2  minor_JJ  quirks_NNS  are_VBR  far_RR  less_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  young_JJ  talents_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  flower_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  exactly_RR  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  of_IO  Snow's_PPIO2  approval_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  carelessness_NN  of_IO  Snow's_PPIO2  approach_NN  was_VBDZ  salutary_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  mattered_VVD  less_RRR  ,_,  to_IO  our_APP$  personal_JJ  growth_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Snow_NP  spoke_VVD  rudely_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  Kells_NP  ,_,  than_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  scattered_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  books_NNS  and_CC  papers_NNS  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  should_VM  talk_VV0  away_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  while_CS  playing_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  kitten_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  ping-pong_NN  ball_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  show_VV0  an_AT1  Olympian_JJ  ineptitude_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  his_APP$  coal_NN  fire_NN  alight_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  prim_JJ  about_IO  him_PPHO1  or_CC  about_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  priggish_JJ  undergraduate_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  that_DD1  stage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  development_NN  ,_,  that_CS  neatness_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  major_JJ  virtue_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  to_TO  detect_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  present-day_JB  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Rede_NP  lecturer_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  same_DA  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  in_IO  \0C_NP  \0P_NP  Snow_NP  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  research-worker_NN  might_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  indicated_VBN  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  temperamental_JJ  opposition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  prestige_NN  he_PPHO1  now_RL  enjoys_VBZ  .  
  for_CS    moral_JJ  vanity_NN    has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  is_VBZ  ,_,  his_APP$  favourite_JB  Aunt_NNSB1  Sally_NP  at_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  shy_VV0  coconuts_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  never_RR  pretended_VBN  that_CS  self-interest_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  higher_JJ  manifestation_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  held_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  virtue_NN  to_TO    do_VD0  a_AT1  man_NN  down_RP    ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  best_JJT  interests_NNS    .  
  even_RR  his_APP$  enjoyment_NN  of_IO  fame_NN  ,_,  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS know_VV0  him_PPHO1  well_RR  ,_,  remains_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  modest_JJ  and_CC  disarming_JJ  characteristics_NNS  .  
  Snow_NP  was_VBDZ  much_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  headstrong_JJ  gnomic_JJ  pronouncements_NNS  such_IO  as_II  :_:  
    in_IO  many_DA  Irish_JJ  houses_NNS  ,_,  several_DA  kinds_NNS  of_IO  bread_NN  are_VBR  eaten_VBN  .    
  torn_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  context_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  even_RR  more_RG  impressive_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  set-piece_NN  Johnsonian_JJ  broadsides_NNS    as_IO  ,_,  of_IO  Oxford_NP  group_NN  house-parties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  comment_NN  :_:  
    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  pity_NN  that_CS  frankness_NN  about_IO  one's_$  private_JJ  life_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  mean_VV0  the_AT1  public_JJ  confession_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  that_PNQS never_RR  happened_VVD  .    
  now_RL  ,_,  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  invites_VBZ  parody_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  preserved_VBN  among_IO  older_JJ  friends_NNS  a_AT1  certain_JJ  cosmic_JJ  cosiness_NN  .  
  yet_RR  if_CS  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  his_APP$  broad_JJ  generalizations_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  imperviousness_NN  to_IO  tinsel_NN  compliments_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  him_PPHO1  unworldly_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  at_RR  once_RR  overestimating_VBG  and_CC  underestimating_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  for_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  shown_VBN    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  Rede_NP  lecture_NN  has_VHZ  such_DA  an_AT1  authoritative_JJ  ring_NN    a_AT1  fine_JJ  grasp_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  reason_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  why_CS in_IO  his_APP$  novels_NNS  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  closed_JJ  societies_NNS  ,_,  clubs_NNS  or_CC  departments_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  horribly_RR  accurate_JJ  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  Cambridge_NP  days_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  display_VV0  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  indifference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  outward_JB  appearance_NN  of_IO  power_NN  .  
  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  sure_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  many_DA  others_DA2  who_PNQS have_VH0  specialized_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  ,_,  Snow_NP  has_VHZ  come_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  rather_RR  fun_NN  to_TO  sit_VV0  upon_IO  it_PPH1  too_RR  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  while_CS  engaged_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  cycle_NN  of_IO  novels_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  pedals_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  \0G.O.M.-ship_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  fiction_NN  ,_,  Snow_NP  has_VHZ  had_VHN  the_AT1  energy_NN  to_TO  sponsor_VV0  a_AT1  complementary_JJ  critical_JJ  movement_NN  .  
  and_CC  as_CS  that_DD1  sensible_JJ  steam-roller_NN  of_IO  sensible_JJ  criticism_NN  got_VVD  under_IO  way_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  to_IO  some_DD  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  world_NN  that_CS  Snow_NP  was_VBDZ  intolerant_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  true_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  two_MC  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  tolerate_VV0  :_:  one_MC1  is_VBZ  pretentiousness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  intolerance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  still_RR  lodge_VV0  a_AT1  humble_JJ  protest_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  deliver_VV0  a_AT1  critical_JJ  ukase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  phrase_NN      it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  much_DA  !_!    is_VBZ  ever_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  him_PPHO1  say_VV0  ,_,  ruefully_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  Dostoievski_NP    .  
  his_APP$  similes_NNS  were_VBDR  even_RR  less_RG  self-indulgent_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  Pimlico_NP  attended_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  troglodyte_NN  couple_NN  named_VBN  Moon_NP  :_:  he_PPHO1  would_VM  amble_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  teddy-bear_NN  totter_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basement_NN  stairs_NNS  and_CC  call_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  always_RR  with_IO  modest_JJ  incredulity_NN  ,_,      oh_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moo-oon_NP  ;_;  oh_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Moo-oon_NP  !_!    and_CC  return_VV0  with_IO  woeful_JJ  countenance_NN  to_TO  face_VV0  his_APP$  guests_NNS  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  nigger_NN  minstrel_NN  .    
  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  relevance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  rather_RR  impudent_JJ  personal_JJ  asides_NNS  will_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  trust_VV0  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  my_APP$  friend's_NN1$  recent_JJ  dicta_NNS  are_VBR  examined_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  knowledge_NN  of_IO  and_CC  admiration_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  personality_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  pointless_JJ    and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  uncivil_JJ    to_TO  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  knowledge_NN  without_IO  passing_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  audience_NN  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  thumb-nail_NN  caricature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
  you_PPY  might_VM  suppose_VV0  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  introduce_VV0  my_APP$  second_MD  Cambridge_NP  figure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1930's_MC2  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  \0R_NP  Leavis_NP  ,_,  that_CS  my_APP$  aim_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  examples_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Rede_NP  lecture_NN  of_IO  mutual_JJ  incomprehensibility_NN  between_IO  modern_JJ  arts_NNS  and_CC  modern_JJ  science_NN  .  
  far_RR  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  my_APP$  aim_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  kinds_NNS  of_IO  attitude_NN  to_IO  life_NN  represented_VBN  by_IO  these_DD2  very_RG  different_JJ  teachers_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  complementary_JJ  ,_,  mutually_RR  comprehensible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  together_RR  have_VH0  an_AT1  influence_NN  making_NN  for_IO  both_DB2  breadth_NN  and_CC  depth_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  and_CC  sensibility_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  undergraduate_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  prig_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  respect_VV0  both_DB2  Snow_NP  and_CC  Leavis_NP  before_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  learn_VV0  from_IO  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  how_CS to_TO  set_VV0  decent_JJ  bounds_NNS  to_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  unfashionable_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  respect_VV0  .  
  if_CS  Leavis_NP  needed_VVD  to_TO  teach_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  disrespect_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  poems_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  book_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  verse_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  demonstrate_VV0  just_RR  why_CS the_AT1  other_DA  poems_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  worth_IO  reading_VBG  ,_,  so_RR  Snow's_PPIO2  impetuous_JJ  scoffing_NN  at_IO  certain_JJ  political_JJ  and_CC  literary_JJ  windbags_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  clearing_VBG  a_AT1  space_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  for_IO  Tolstoi_NP  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  tales_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  telling_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  school_NN  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  evident_JJ  that_CS  an_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  talk_NN  in_IO  Snow's_PPIO2  room_NN  at_IO  Christ's_PPIO2  College_NNL1  provided_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  healthy_JJ  complement_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  English_NN1  tripos_NN  .  
  there_RL  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  without_IO  being_VBG  told_VBN  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  to_IO  become_VV0  too_RG  exclusively_RR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  purely_RR  verbal_JJ  discriminations_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  literary_JJ  sensibility_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  faculty_NN  in_IO  life_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  this_DD1  only_RR  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  one's_$  readiness_NN  to_TO  agree_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  equipment_NN  for_IO  life_NN    or_CC  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  ,_,  for_IO  literature_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  learning_VBG  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  most_RG  notably_RR  from_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Leavis_NP  ,_,  how_CS much_RR  a_AT1  particular_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  trained_JJ  sensibility_NN  can_VM  enrich_VV0  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  one's_$  response_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  pick_VV0  words_NNS  very_RG  carefully_RR  here_RL  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impertinent_JJ  (_(  and_CC  incorrect_JJ  )_)  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  Leavis_NP  and_CC  Snow_NP  were_VBDR  not_XX  each_DD1  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  other's_$  territory_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  young_JJ  undergraduate_NN  who_PNQS sees_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  one_MC1  type_NN  of_IO  mentor_NN  and_CC  nothing_PN1  whatever_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  may_VM  easily_RR  become_VV0  too_RG  impatient_JJ  a_AT1  disciple_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  steady_JJ  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  balance_NN  such_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  master_NN  himself_PPX1  has_VHZ  learned_VBN  to_TO  hold_VV0  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  outlook_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  vision_NN  is_VBZ  poor_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  sensibility_NN  .    
  the_AT1  masters_NNS  themselves_PPX2  are_VBR  safe_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  Leavis_NP  knew_VVD  precisely_RR  why_CS discrimination_NN  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  ,_,  his_APP$  pupils_NNS  ,_,  respected_VVD  him_PPHO1  because_CS  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  veins_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  sensibility_NN  flowed_VVD  blood_NN  ,_,  not_XX  ink_NN  .  
  Snow's_PPIO2  mental_JJ  generosity_NN  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  apparent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  could_VM  accept_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  to_IO  wide_JJ  issues_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  personality_NN  of_IO  quality_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  just_RR  splashy_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  masters_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  are_VBR  safe_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  of_IO  their_APP$  pupils_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  scoff_VV0  at_IO  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  because_CS  much_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  writing_NN  betrays_VBZ  a_AT1  perky_JJ  mediocrity_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  yourself_PPX1  have_VH0  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  life_NN  not_XX  indeed_RR  identical_JJ  with_IO  his_PP$  but_CCB  somewhat_RR  comparable_JJ  in_IO  scope_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  swallow_VV0  \0H_NP  \0G_NP  Wells_NP  more_DA  or_CC  less_RG  whole_JJ  in_IO  tribute_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  breadth_NN  of_IO  outlook_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  yourself_PPX1  can_VM  detect_VV0  shoddy_JJ  thinking_NN  and_CC  shoddy_JJ  expression_NN  .  
  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  such_DA  correctives_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  submission_NN  of_IO  undergraduate_JJ  minds_NNS  exclusively_RR  to_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  enthusiasms_NNS  can_VM  provide_VV0  unlovely_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sadder_JJ  sight_NN  :_:  a_AT1  puny_JJ  intellect_NN  dismissing_VBG  Edmund_NP  Spenser_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  John_NP  Donne_NP  (_(  a_AT1  thing_NN  Leavis_NP  himself_PPX1  would_VM  never_RR  do_VD0  )_)  ,_,  or_CC  another_DD1  puny_JJ  intellect_NN  confidently_RR  predicting_VBG  the_AT1  next_DA  move_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kremlin_NP    a_AT1  thing_NN  Snow_NP  himself_PPX1  would_VM  never_RR  do_VD0  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  Snow_NP  left_VVD  Cambridge_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  academic_JJ  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  expressing_VBG  himself_PPX1  in_IO  many_DA  powerful_JJ  ways_NNS    via_IO  the_AT1  review_NN  columns_NNS  ,_,  via_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  steady_JJ  output_NN  of_IO  novels_NNS  ,_,  via_IO  his_APP$  literary_JJ  partnership_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  Pamela_NP  Hansford_NP  Johnson_NP  ,_,  via_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  commission_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  English_JJ  electric_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  via_IO  television_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dozen_MC  other_DA  channels_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  oddly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  although_CS  Snow_NP  has_VHZ  expressed_VBN  decided_JJ  views_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  presumably_RR  collected_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  share_NN  of_IO  literary_JJ  antagonists_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  retired_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Leavis_NP  that_PNQS has_VHZ  drawn_VBN  the_AT1  arrows_NNS  of_IO  outraged_JJ  opposition_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  largely_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  acquired_VBN  a_AT1  quite_RR  undeserved_JJ  label_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  detractor_NN  .  (_(  n_ZZ1  )_)  Charles_NP  Gregory_NP  Fairfax_NP  ,_,  9th_MD  and_CC  last_DA  Viscount_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  of_IO  Emly_NP  .  (_(  ?-1772_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  certainly_RR  educated_VBN  at_IO  Lambspring_NP  .  
  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  domestic_JJ  anxieties_NNS  and_CC  tragedies_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  before_IO  1719_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  living_VBG  in_IO  poverty_NN  abroad_RR  ,_,  vainly_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  employment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  period_NN  from_IO  1720_MC  to_IO  1722_MC  ,_,  of_IO  succession_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  marred_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  death_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  wife_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  troubles_NNS  .  
  1722_MC  to_IO  1736_MC  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  happiest_JJT  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  his_APP$  second_MD  marriage_NN  ,_,  to_IO  all_DB  appearances_NNS  ,_,  originally_RR  a_AT1  mariage_&FW  de_&FW  convenance_&FW  ,_,  turned_VVD  out_RP  well_RR  and_CC  happily_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  desperately_RR  wanted_VVD  male_JJ  heirs_NNS  and_CC  now_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  three_MC  sons_NNS  and_CC  three_MC  daughters_NNS  living_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  family's_NN1$  fortunes_NNS  seemed_VVD  assured_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_IO  rebuilding_VBG  Gilling_NP  Castle_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  this_DD1  collapsed_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  cards_NNS  between_IO  1736_MC  and_CC  1741_MC  .  
  two_MC  smallpox_NN  epidemics_NNS  carried_VVD  off_RP  his_APP$  sons_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  also_RR  died_VVD  and_CC  financial_JJ  troubles_NNS  returned_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  menacing_JJ  form_NN  .  
  from_IO  1742_MC  to_IO  1760_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  occupied_VBN  in_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  save_VV0  the_AT1  estates_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  marry_VV0  off_RP  his_APP$  two_MC  surviving_JJ  daughters_NNS    one_MC1  of_IO  whom_WPO  died_VVD  in_IO  1753_MC  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  twelve_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  were_VBDR  financially_RR  more_RG  easy_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  burdened_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  neurasthenic_JJ  daughter_NN  Anne_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  sole_JB  heiress_NN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  poor_JJ  health_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  certainty_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  family_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  estate_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  daughter_NN  become_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prey_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  impecunious_JJ  and_CC  quarrelsome_JJ  poor_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  1750's_MC2  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  restlessly_RR  from_IO  lodging-house_NN  to_IO  lodging-house_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  settled_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  paying_JJ  guest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  Bredall_NP  and_CC  Pigott_NP  relations_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  sister_NN  Alethea_NP  Pigott_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  London_NP  for_IO  Brussels_NP  he_PPHO1  leased_VVD  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Kensington_NP  from_IO    Gerard_NP  Anne_NP  Edwards_NP  \0Esq_NNSB1  .    
  to_TO  furnish_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  furniture_NN  was_VBDZ  shipped_VBN  from_IO  Gilling_NP  by_IO  Hull_NP  .  
  Gilling_NP  servants_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  batch_NN  by_IO  coach_NN    including_IO  even_RR  a_AT1  boy_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  put_VBN  to_IO  school_NN  in_IO  London_NP  at_IO  Fairfax's_PPIO2  expense_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  and_CC  summer_NN  the_AT1  family_NN  went_VVD  north_NN1  to_IO  Gilling_NP  .  
  occasionally_RR  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  the_AT1  waters_NNS  at_IO  Harrogate_NP  or_CC  Knaresborough_NP  .  
  but_CCB  Fairfax_NP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  unpleasant_JJ  early_JJ  associations_NNS  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  avoided_VVD  Bath_NP  .  
  when_CS his_APP$  ailing_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  daughter_NN  Elizabeth_NP  went_VVD  there_RL  in_IO  1740_MC  ,_,  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Fairfaxes_NP2  had_VHD  frequented_VBN  York_NP  for_IO  centuries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  regular_JJ  town_NN  house_NN    probably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Ouse_NP  Bridge_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  the_AT1  Denton_NP  family_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  large_JJ  town_NN  house_NN  in_IO  Micklegate_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Gilling_NP  family_NN  had_VHD  sold_VBN  all_DB  its_APP$  York_NP  property_NN  and_CC  relied_VVD  on_IO  lodgings_NNS  or_CC  leased_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1750's_MC2  Fairfax_NP  leased_VVD  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Petergate_NP  .  
  after_IO  1760_MC  he_PPHO1  devoted_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  Anne_NP  ,_,  built_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  fine_JJ  new_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  Castlegate_NP  and_CC  ceased_VVD  to_TO  winter_VV0  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  a_AT1  townee_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  catholic_JJ  gentry_NN  was_VBDZ  defended_VBN  strongly_RR  by_IO  Francis_NP  Cholmeley_NP  in_IO  1722_MC  and_CC  maintained_VBN  even_RR  more_RG  strongly_RR  by_IO  Stephen_NP  Tempest_NP  of_IO  Broughton_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  printed_JJ  letter_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  of_IO  1720_MC  .  
  for_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  landowner_NN  must_VM  strike_VV0  a_AT1  happy_JJ  mean_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  town_NN  life_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  inclining_VBG  heavily_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  avoid_VV0  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  mere_JB  rustic_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  farmer_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  lands_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  every_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  home_NN1  farm_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  otherwise_RR  he_PPHO1  should_VM  live_VV0  by_IO  rents_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  haunt_VV0  London_NP  and_CC  its_APP$  expenses_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  York_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  season_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  visit_NN  to_IO  town_NN  are_VBR  quite_RR  enough_DD  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  sober_JJ  idea_NN  can_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  satisfied_VBN  the_AT1  wealthier_JJ  catholic_JJ  gentry_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  always_RR  catholic_JJ  rustics_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  Edward_NP  Haggerston_NP  of_IO  Ellingham_NP  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  vilely_RR  spelt_JJ  and_CC  illiterate_JJ  letters_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  constant_JJ  preoccupation_NN  with_IO  farm_NN  and_CC  hunt_NN  topics_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  often_RR  been_VBN  educated_VBN  abroad_RR  .  
  education_NN  at_IO  Douai_NP  ,_,  Dieulouard_NP  ,_,  Lambspring_NP  or_CC  \0St_NNSB1  Omer_NP  in_IO  itself_PPX1  might_VM  rarely_RR  implant_VV0  intellectual_JJ  ambitions_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  wealthier_JJ  catholics_NNS  had_VHD  always_RR  rounded_VBN  off_RP  school_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  grand_JJ  tour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL    finishing_NN  schools_NNS    were_VBDR  appearing_VBG    at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Edmund's_PPIO2  ,_,  Paris_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  academies_NNS  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  northern_JJ  Italy_NP  .  
  there_RL  young_JJ  men_NNS  acquired_VVD  liberal_JJ  tastes_NNS  in_IO  art_NN  and_CC  architecture_NN  ,_,  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  and_CC  mechanics_NN  ,_,  literature_NN  and_CC  politics_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  England_NP  with_IO  little_DA  desire_NN  to_TO  immerse_VV0  themselves_PPX2  totally_RR  in_IO  estate_NN  management_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  degrees_NNS  of_IO  absorption_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  polite_JJ  arts_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  Cuthbert_NP  Constable_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  lived_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  passionately_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  rebuilding_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  and_CC  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  mechanics_NN  involved_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  laying_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  piped_JJ  water_NN  supply_NN  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Sir_NNSB1  Marmaduke_NP  Constable_NP  of_IO  Everingham_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS became_VVD  so_RR  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  polite_JJ  society_NN  abroad_RR  that_CS  a_AT1  visit_NN  abroad_RR  for_IO  his_APP$  health's_NN1$  sake_NN  was_VBDZ  prolonged_VBN  into_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  lifetime's_NN1$  voluntary_JJ  exile_NN  abroad_RR  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  by_IO  post_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  still_RR  controlled_VVD  in_IO  minute_JJ  detail_NN  his_APP$  estate_NN  and_CC  kept_VVD  abreast_RR  of_IO  local_JJ  gossip_NN  fortnightly_RR  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  further_JB  extreme_NN  was_VBDZ  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Gascoigne_NP  of_IO  Parlington_NP  who_PNQS lived_VVD  for_IO  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  alongside_IO  the_AT1  convent_NN  at_IO  Cambray_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  family_NN  ,_,  devoting_VBG  himself_PPX1  to_IO  reading_NN    physics_NN  ,_,  chemistry_NN  ,_,  mechanics_NN  ,_,  philosophy_NN  ,_,  political_JJ  theory_NN    leaving_VBG  the_AT1  oversight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Parlington_NP  and_CC  Saxton_NP  estates_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  agent_NN  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Irwin_NP  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  of_IO  this_DD1  generation_NN  and_CC  type_NN    with_IO  some_DD  differences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lists_NNS  of_IO  books_NNS  he_PPHO1  bought_VVD  ,_,  though_CS  moderately_RR  long_JJ  ,_,  reveal_VV0  little_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  intense_JJ  intellectual_JJ  curiosity_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Gascoigne_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  .  
  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  current_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  politics_NN  and_CC  history_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  five_MC  huge_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  Chambers'_PPIO2  encyclopaedia_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  and_CC  sciences_NNS  which_DDQ  his_APP$  chaplain_NN  ,_,  \0Fr_NNSB1  Anselm_NP  Bolton_NP  later_RRR  brought_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  Gilling_NP  had_VHD  belonged_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  patron_NN  .  
  Fairfax_NP  could_VM  write_VV0  and_CC  read_VV0  French_NN1  easily_RR  and_CC  bought_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  current_JJ  French_JJ  works_NNS  of_IO  literature_NN  ,_,  mostly_RR  memoirs_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  including_IO  Rousseau_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  showed_VVD  any_DD  desire_NN  to_TO  revisit_VV0  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  second_MD  wife_NN  visited_VVD  Paris_NP  once_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  accompany_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  go_VV0  to_IO  France_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  daughter_NN  Anne_NP  in_IO  1768_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  passionately_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  building_NN  ,_,  in_IO  interior_JJ  decoration_NN  ,_,  furniture_NN  and_CC  landscape_NN  gardening_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  master-mind_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  building_NN  projects_NNS  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  without_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  estate_NN  and_CC  agricultural_JJ  matters_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  Edward_NP  Pigott_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  village_NN  feast_NN  and_CC  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  farmers_NNS  of_IO  grain_NN  prices_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  dined_VVD  with_IO  Sterne_NP  to_TO  discuss_VV0  turnpike_NN  matters_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  patron_NN  of_IO  Hambleton_NP  and_CC  York_NP  races_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  family_NN  papers_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  empty_JJ  of_IO  references_NNS  to_IO  hunting_NN  and_CC  shooting_NN  and_CC  agricultural_JJ  improvement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  meant_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  merely_RR  the_AT1  raising_NN  of_IO  rents_NNS  .  
  in_IO  London_NP  Fairfax_NP  moved_VVD  mainly_RR  in_IO  catholic_JJ  circles_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  closest_JJT  friends_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  catholic_JJ  merchant_NN  ,_,  Thomas_NP  Mannock_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Metcalfe_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  catholic_JJ  surgeon_NN  in_IO  Bromley_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Bellasis_NP  family_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  rode_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  Whitton_NP  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  Pigotts_NP2  and_CC  dined_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  Petres_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  Stapyltons_NP2  ,_,  Dormers_NP2  ,_,  Barnewells_NP2  and_CC  Dillons_NP2  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Westmoreland_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Smythe_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Hornyholds_NP2  .  
  his_APP$  non-catholic_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  in_IO  town_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  very_RG  numerous_JJ  .  
  all_DB  were_VBDR  relations_NNS  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  neighbours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  accounts_NNS  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Fairfax's_PPIO2  visit_NN  to_IO  Bath_NP  show_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  also_RR  moved_VVD  in_IO  catholic_JJ  circles_NNS    \0Mr_NNSB1  Errington_NP  ,_,  Doctor_NNSB1  Bostock_NP  ,_,  Doctor_NNSB1  Jerningham_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Odonory_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Molyneux_NP  ,_,  Bishop_NNSB1  York_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Misses_NNSB2  Langdale_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Pitt_NP  (_(  a_AT1  Bellasis_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Chatham's_PPIO2  catholic_JJ  aunt_NN  )_)  .  
  her_APP$  protestant_JJ  friends_NNS  were_VBDR  few_DA    the_AT1  Mildmays_NP2  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Worsley_NP  .  
  life_NN  in_IO  York_NP  brought_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  all_DB  Yorkshire_NP  society_NN  at_IO  race_NN  meetings_NNS  ,_,  town_NN  houses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  assembly_NN  rooms_NNS  (_(  to_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  generous_JJ  subscriber_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Fairfaxes_NP2  of_IO  Denton_NP  had_VHD  sold_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  England_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  1750's_MC2  and_CC  departed_VBN  to_IO  Virginia_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  Fairfax_NP  family_NN  solidarity_NN  still_RR  meant_VVD  something_PN1  .  
  American_JJ  Fairfaxes_NP2  still_RR  visited_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  in_IO  York_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Fairfaxes_NP2  of_IO  Steeton_NP  (_(  now_RL  of_IO  Newton_NP  Kyme_NP  )_)  occasionally_RR  wrote_VVD  or_CC  left_VVD  cards_NNS  .  
  from_IO  York_NP  or_CC  Gilling_NP  the_AT1  family_NN  made_VVD  rounds_NNS  of_IO  visits_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  extensive_JJ  rounds_NNS  covered_VVD  the_AT1  Vavasours_NP2  at_IO  Hazelwood_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Irwin_NP  at_IO  Temple_NNL1  Newsam_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Lawsons_NP2  at_IO  Brough_NP  .  
  immediately_RR  round_IO  Gilling_NP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thick_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  catholic_JJ  neighbours_NNS  and_CC  relations_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Bellasises_NP2  at_IO  Newbrough_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Widdringtons_NP2  at_IO  Nunnington_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Cholmeleys_NP2  at_IO  Brandsby_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  1750's_MC2  ,_,  the_AT1  Crathornes_NP2  of_IO  Ness_NP  .  
  around_IO  them_PPHO1  lay_VV0  protestant_JJ  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Duncombes_NP2  at_IO  Helmsley_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Thompson_NP  at_IO  Oswaldkirk_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Carlisles_NP2  at_IO  Castle_NNL1  Howard_NP  ,_,  where_CS one_MC1  dined_VVD  on_IO  occasion_NN  .  
  visitors_NNS  to_IO  Gilling_NP  were_VBDR  much_RR  less_RG  frequent_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  previous_JJ  centuries_NNS  and_CC  came_VVD  usually_RR  for_IO  several_DA  weeks_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN    Lady_NNSB1  Fairfax's_PPIO2  Weld_NP  cousins_NNS  from_IO  Lulworth_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Edward_NP  Gascoigne_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  family_NN  from_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Langdales_NP2  from_IO  Houghton_NP  ,_,  Thomas_NP  Clifton_NP  of_IO  Lytham_NP  come_VBN  to_TO  court_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  ,_,  shoals_NNS  of_IO  poor_JJ  nephews_NNS  and_CC  nieces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  family_NN  lawyer_NN  from_IO  London_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wilmot_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS faced_VVD  the_AT1  coaches_NNS  up_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Road_NNL1  with_IO  such_DA  trepidation_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  much_RR  preferred_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  come_VV0  unless_CS  the_AT1  business_NN  were_VBDR  very_RG  urgent_JJ  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  keen_JJ  outsider's_NN1$  interest_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  newspapers_NNS  ,_,  bought_VVD  the_AT1  current_JJ  debates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  latest_JJT  political_JJ  squibs_NNS  and_CC  pamphlets_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  typical_JJ  bill_NN  from_IO  Ward_NP  &_CC  Chandler_NP  ,_,  newsagents_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  1743_MC  runs_VBZ    **[LIST**]_&FO  
  during_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  years_NNS  war_NN  Fairfax_NP  bought_VVD  large_JJ  cloth-backed_JJ  maps_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  principal_JB  theatres_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  his_APP$  own_DA  political_JJ  views_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  guessed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1745_MC  the_AT1  family_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  strong_JJ  Jacobite_JJ  reputation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  .  
  in_IO  September_NN1  1745_MC  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  in_IO  *+100_NNU  to_TO  appear_VV0  before_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Riding_NP  Justices_NNSB2  at_IO  Hovingham_NP  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  oath_NN  of_IO  allegiance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  and_CC  refused_VVD  the_AT1  oath_NN  .  
  on_IO  September_NN1  15th_MD  the_AT1  Archbishop_NNSB1  of_IO  York_NP  ,_,  Herring_NP  ,_,  wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Hardwicke_NP    
    Lord_NNSB1  Falconbridge_NP  dined_VVD  with_IO  me_PPIO1  yesterday_NN1  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  security_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  and_CC  innocence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  relation_NN  and_CC  neighbour_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  of_IO  Gilling_NP  and_CC  intimated_VVD  to_TO  lodge_VV0  a_AT1  deposition_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  some_DD  nicety_NN  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  my_APP$  good_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  must_VM  rest_VV0  upon_IO  his_APP$  authority_NN  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  week_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  rumours_NNS  suddenly_RR  spread_VVD  in_IO  York_NP  that_CS  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  rise_VV0  in_IO  arms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  of_IO  Gilling_NP  ,_,  Nicholas_NP  Gouge_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Irwin_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Lieutenant_NNSB1  ,_,  on_IO  October_NN1  1st_MD    
    yesterday_NN1  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  sent_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  coachman_NN  (_(  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  protestant_NN  )_)  to_IO  me_PPIO1  with_IO  compliments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  acquaint_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  town_NN  (_(  his_APP$  lordship's_NN1$  tenant_NN  too_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  most_RG  bigotted_JJ  Papist_NN1  )_)  had_VHD  given_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  private_JJ  room_NN  within_IO  Gilling_NP  Castle_NNL1  where_CS 40_MC  men_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  conceal'd_VBN  and_CC  nobody_PN1  cou'd_VM  find_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  and_CC  his_APP$  lordship_NN  desir'd_VVD  the_AT1  person_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  before_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  punish'd_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  law_NN  directs_VBZ  :_:  and_CC  further_RR  his_APP$  lordship_NN  desir'd_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  send_VV0  the_AT1  Constable_NNSB1  .  to_TO  search_VV0  his_APP$  castle_NN  whether_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  such_DA  room_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  (_(  the_AT1  searchers_NNS  went_VVD  there_RL  and_CC  )_)  saw_VVD  the_AT1  place_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ale_NN  cellar_NN  .  not_XX  two_MC  yards_NNS  square_JJ  .  .  
  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  coachman_NN  assured_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  of_RR  late_RR  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  company_NN  excepting_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cholmondly_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Rector_NNSB1  concluded_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  alarmist_NN  had_VHD  spread_VBN  the_AT1  tale_NN  to_TO  gain_VV0  credit_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  confined_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  telling_VBG    the_AT1  two_MC  best_JJT  protestants_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  family_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  matter_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  reported_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  authorities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  published_VVD  a_AT1  refutation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rumour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  York_NP  papers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  another_DD1  search_NN  party_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  Gilling_NP  ,_,  from_IO  York_NP  .  
  Archbishop_NNSB1  Herring_NP  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Irwin_NP  on_IO  October_NN1  2nd_MD    
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Frankland_NP  and_CC  myself_PPX1  took_VVD  the_AT1  thing_NN  too_RG  high_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  recorder_NN  was_VBDZ  frightened_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  fright_NN  caught_VVD  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Fairfax_NP  found_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  reason_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  alarm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  assured_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pleased_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  justifying_VBG  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  treated_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dunbar_NP  (_(  who_PNQS went_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  search_NN  warrant_NN  )_)  at_IO  dinner_NN  and_CC  drank_VVD  King_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  health_NN  .    
  to_IO  Hardwicke_NP  Herring_NP  wrote_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  convinced_VBN  that_CS  Fairfax_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  friend_NN  .  the_AT1  reader_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  in_IO  possession_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  facts_NNS  needed_VBN  to_TO  determine_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  aliens_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  pointing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  explain_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  clue_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  speeding-up_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  television_NN  broadcasts_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  speed_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  walk_VV0  around_IO  their_APP$  space-ship_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  change_VV0  direction_NN  in_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  one-ten-thousandth_MC  of_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  while_CS  moving_VBG  at_IO  30,000_MC  miles_NNS  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  no_AT1  humanoid_JJ  frame_NN  could_VM  stand_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  unless_CS  its_APP$  mass_NN  were_VBDR  very_RG  tiny_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  aliens_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  airfield_NN  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  space-ship_NN  is_VBZ  sinking_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  muddy_JJ  heelprint_NN  or_CC  whatever_DDQ  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  awe_NN  and_CC  amazement_NN  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pulpy_JJ  monsters_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  puzzle_NN  interest_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  widespread_JJ  in_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  minor_JJ  aspect_NN  and_CC  not_XX  uncommonly_RR  central_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1  biological_JJ  puzzle_NN    problems_NNS  of_IO  determining_VBG  an_AT1  alien_JJ  life-cycle_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN    as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  sub-category_NN  ;_;  another_DD1  involves_VBZ  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  the_AT1  weak_JJ  point_NN  in_IO  some_DD  apparently_RR  invulnerable_JJ  monster_NN  or_CC  hostile_JJ  alien_NN  or_CC  badly_RR  behaved_JJ  human_JJ  artifact_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  robot_NN  sort_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solutions_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  progressively_RR  revealed_VBN  rather_RR  than_CS  shown_VBN  as_CS  deduceable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC      pictures_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  lie_VV0    is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  isolated_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  approach_NN  that_PNQS offers_VBZ  what_DDQ  are_VBR  valid_JJ  clues_NNS  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  only_RR  seen_VBN  as_IO  such_DA  in_IO  retrospect_NN  .  
  although_CS  interests_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  classed_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  lofty_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  legitimate_JJ  to_TO  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_RG  literary_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  other_DA  .  
  certainly_RR  science_NN  fiction_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  over_RP  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  functions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  detective_NN  story_NN  ,_,  currently_RR  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  in_IO  grave_JJ  disrepair_NN  ,_,  though_CS  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  audience_NN  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  nurturing_VBG  itself_PPX1  on_IO  reprints_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  problem-posing_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  thriller_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Anglican_JJ  parson_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  classics_NNS  don_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  alleged_JJ  archetypes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Agatha_NP  Christie_NP  fan_NN  ,_,  would_VM  bring_VV0  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  look_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  files_NNS  of_IO  astounding_JJ  science_NN  fiction_NN  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  story_NN  like_IO  Isaac_NP  Asimov's_PPIO2    little_JJ  lost_JJ  robot_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  losers_NNS  by_IO  their_APP$  reluctance_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  science-fiction_NN  deduction_NN  problem_NN  ,_,  while_CS  to_IO  some_DD  tastes_NNS  inferior_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  detective_NN  story_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  weaker_JJ  connections_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  superior_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  tiny_JJ  motive-means-opportunity_JB  system_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  range_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  problems_NNS  set_VBN  and_CC  kinds_NNS  of_IO  answer_NN  proposed_VBN  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  aspect_NN  :_:  some_DD  partial_JJ  merger_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  publics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  modes_NNS  does_VBZ  seem_VV0  eventually_RR  possible_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  Anthony_NP  Boucher_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  level-headed_JJ  of_IO  science-fiction_NN  commentators_NNS  ,_,  foresaw_VVD  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1  tendency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  full-time_JB  writers_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  foot_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  camps_NNS  :_:  Boucher_NP  himself_PPX1  doubles_VBZ  as_IO  the_AT1  whodunit_NN  reviewer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  New_NP  York_NP  Times_NP  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  personally_RR  confirm_VV0  his_APP$  assertion_NN  that_CS  science-fiction_NN  elements_NNS  have_VH0  recently_RR  become_VBN  perceptible_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  detective_NN  stories_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  process_NN  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  under_IO  way_NN  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Poul_NP  Anderson_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  Martian_JJ  crown_NN  jewels_NNS  ,_,    gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  brilliantly_RR  clever_JJ  and_CC  inventive_JJ  synthesis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  media_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  Martian_JJ  detective_NN  called_VBN  Syaloch_NP  who_PNQS affects_VBZ  a_AT1  tirstokr_&FW  cap_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  locked-space-ship_JB  problem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  completely_RR  fair_JJ  presentation_NN  of_IO  clues_NNS  ingeniously_RR  disguised_VBN  as_IO  technological_JJ  patter_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  hardened_JJ  Baker_NP  Street_NNL1  irregular_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  captivated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  story_NN    if_CS  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  learnt_VVD  of_IO  its_APP$  existence_NN  .  
  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  science_NN  fiction_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  combined_VBN  with_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  accustomed_VBN  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  as_IO  thriller_NN  or_CC  mystery_NN  ingredients_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  specifically_RR  deductive_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  make_VV0  some_DD  appearance_NN  in_IO  Chad_NP  Oliver's_PPIO2  novel_NN  shadows_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  why_CS a_AT1  small_JJ  town_NN  in_IO  Texas_NP  consists_VBZ  entirely_RR  of_IO  recently_RR  arrived_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  and_CC  why_CS these_DD2  are_VBR  all_RR  too_RG  average_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  believable_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  soon_RR  explained_VBN    the_AT1  hero_NN  boards_VBZ  a_AT1  flying_JJ  saucer_NN  on_IO  page_NN  27_MC    but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  three_MC  chapters_NNS  are_VBR  stuffed_JJ  with_IO  'tec_NN  tricks_NNS  of_IO  presentation_NN  and_CC  style_NN  ,_,  from_IO  verbless_JJ  sentences_NNS  and_CC  sinister_JJ  single-sentence_JB  paragraphs_NNS    (_(    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP    or_CC      he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  know_VV0    )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hero_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  an_AT1  anthropologist_NN  but_CCB  tough_JJ    the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  science-fiction_NN  hero_NN  needs_VBZ  no_AT1  such_DA  apology_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  learning_NN  .  
  this_DD1  chap_NN  *"_*'  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  a_AT1  shade_NN  under_IO  six_MC  feet_NNS  and_CC  pushing_VBG  two_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  brown_JJ  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  shrewd_JJ  and_CC  steady_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  uniform_NN    khaki_NN  shirt_NN  and_CC  trousers_NNS  ,_,  capped_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  warped_JJ  ,_,  wide-brimmed_JJ  hat_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  and_CC  cowboy_NN  boots_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  his_APP$  \0Ph.D_NNSB1  did_VDD  n't_XX  show_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  like_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  often_RR  been_VBN  frightened_VBN  ,_,  **"_**'  and_CC  as_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  expect_VV0  he_PPHO1  soon_RR  takes_VBZ  up_RP  with_IO  Cynthia_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS although_CS  fresh_JJ  off_IO  the_AT1  flying_JJ  saucer_NN  makes_VBZ  good_JJ  Martinis_NP2  and_CC  is_VBZ  cool_JJ  and_CC  slim_JJ  and_CC  sets_VBZ  the_AT1  hero's_NN1$  stomach_NN  feeling_VBG  tight_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  recognisable_JJ  as_IO  importations_NNS  into_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  avoids_VBZ  that_DD1  particular_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  cheap-jack_NN  stuff_NN  and_CC  indeed_RR  deserves_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  round_NN  of_IO  applause_NN  for_IO  not_XX  trying_VBG  to_TO  expand_VV0  its_APP$  audience_NN  by_IO  concessions_NNS  to_IO  salacity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  less_RG  inane_JJ  (_(  and_CC  more_RG  recent_JJ  )_)  example_NN  of_IO  attempted_JJ  hybridisation_NN  is_VBZ  Richard_NP  Matheson's_PPIO2  a_AT1  stir_NN  of_IO  echoes_NNS  ,_,  described_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  wrapper_NN  simply_RR  as_IO    a_AT1  novel_NN  of_IO  menace_NN    but_CCB  in_IO  fact_NN  fusing_VBG  science-fiction_NN  and_CC  'tec_NN  elements_NNS  with_IO  some_DD  show_NN  of_IO  wholeheartedness_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  murder_NN  mystery_NN  with_IO  telepathic_JJ  clues_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  literary_JJ  mode_NN  to_TO  expand_VV0  into_IO  others_DA2  is_VBZ  often_RR  taken_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  vitality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  fantasy_NN  and_CC  science_NN  fiction_NN  have_VH0  gobbled_VBN  up_RP  most_DA  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  horror_NN  story_NN  without_IO  much_DA  injury_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  injection_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  thriller_NN  ingredients_NNS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  lead_VV0  to_IO  much_DA  beyond_IO  blurring_NN  and_CC  dilution_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  by_IO  capturing_VBG  more_DA  territory_NN  that_CS  science_NN  fiction_NN  will_VM  improve_VV0  itself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  consolidating_VBG  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  already_RR  has_VHZ  .  
  such_DA  internal_JJ  reconstruction_NN  would_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  start_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  sexual_JJ  matters_NNS  into_IO  better_JJ  focus_NN  .  
  going_VBG  easy_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  puritanism_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  commendable_JJ  resolve_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_PN1  would_VM  a_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  drop_VV0  sex_NN  altogether_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  essential_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  to_TO  decorate_VV0  a_AT1  planetary_JJ  survey_NN  or_CC  alien_JJ  invasion_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  perfunctory_JJ  love_NN  interest_NN  presented_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  borrowed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  tough_JJ  school_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  novelette_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  will_VM  certainly_RR  not_XX  do_VD0  is_VBZ  any_DD  notion_NN  of_IO  turning_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  science-fiction_NN  love_NN  story_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  as_RR  yet_RR  unlikely_JJ  event_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  being_VBG  well_RR  done_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  science_NN  fiction_NN  part_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  blotted_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  reduced_VBN  to_IO  irritating_JJ  background_NN  noise_NN    a_AT1  dozen_MC  Venusian_JJ  swamp-lilies_NNS  being_VBG  delivered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  heroine's_NN1$  apartment_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  forth_RR  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  effort_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  harmless_JJ  in_IO  intention_NN  but_CCB  unspeakable_JJ  in_IO  execution_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  a_AT1  women's_NN2  angle_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  whereby_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  introduced_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  gallant_JJ  little_JJ  lady_NN  pretending_VBG  to_TO  hate_VV0  her_APP$  man_NN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  push_VV0  off_RP  to_IO  Mars_NP  without_IO  pining_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  equally_RR  gallant_JJ  little_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  mother_NN  uncomplainingly_RR  keeping_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  tasty_JJ  and_CC  nourishing_JJ  meals_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  hydrogen_NN  missiles_NNS  are_VBR  landing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  garden_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  hope_VV0  for_IO  more_RG  imaginative_JJ  treatments_NNS  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  in_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  seems_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  remain_VV0  secondary_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  type_NN  of_IO  story_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  have_VH0  almost_RR  no_AT1  place_NN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  utopia_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  exceeds_VBZ  its_APP$  warrant_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RR  than_RR  illustrative_JJ  or_CC  diversifying_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  decisive_JJ  at_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  an_AT1  early_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  medium's_NN1$  development_NN  .  
  to_TO  view_VV0  with_IO  aplomb_NN  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  continuing_JJ  limitation_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  interest_NN  in_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  as_CS  to_TO  accept_VV0  a_AT1  damaging_JJ  poverty_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  for_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  dealing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  genre_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  literature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unnecessary_JJ  to_TO  chide_VV0  the_AT1  Aeneid_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  taciturnity_NN  about_IO  daily_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  Augustan_JJ  Rome_NP  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  quite_RR  agree_VV0  that_CS  almost_RR  nothing_PN1  in_IO  contemporary_JJ  science_NN  fiction_NN  is_VBZ  more_RRR  calculated_VBN  to_TO  affront_VV0  the_AT1  tiro_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  to_TO  raise_VV0  more_RG  serious_JJ  doubts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  medium's_NN1$  ability_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  than_IO  the_AT1  horrid_JJ  lyricism_NN  or_CC  posturing_JJ  off-handedness_NN  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  regular_JJ  procedures_NNS  for_IO  handling_VBG  these_DD2  questions_NNS  .  
  similar_JJ  doubts_NNS  attend_VV0  consideration_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  related_JJ  ,_,  weakness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  as_CS  at_IO  present_NN  conducted_VBN  :_:  lack_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  and_CC  ,_,  far_RR  more_RRR  than_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  bad_JJ  attempted_JJ  humour_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  priggish_JJ  pomposity_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  afflict_VV0  even_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  enough_RR  at_IO  times_NNS  to_TO  subvert_VV0  the_AT1  moral_JJ  tendency_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  saying_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  connect_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  the_AT1  parochial_JJ  circuit_NN  of_IO  mutual_JJ  congratulation_NN  ,_,  leading_VBG  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  to_IO  delusions_NNS  of_IO  grandeur_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  involved_VBN  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  consequence_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  and_CC  general_JJ  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  science_NN  fiction_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  as_IO  regards_II  simple_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  as_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  laugh_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  man_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  stand_VV0  doing_VBG  without_II  for_IO  long_JJ  periods_NNS  when_CS reading_VBG  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  trained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  English_NN1  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  science-fiction_NN  stories_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  xi_&FO  effect_NN  ,_,    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  distil_VV0  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  horror_NN  hard_JJ  to_TO  conceive_VV0  of_IO  as_CS  harmonising_VBG  plausibly_RR  with_IO  anything_PN1  comic_JJ  .  
  some_DD  editors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  picked_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  reading_NN  the_AT1  notion_NN  that_CS  humour_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  maturity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  compete_VV0  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  to_TO  fill_VV0  their_APP$  pages_NNS  with_IO  stories_NNS  whose_PNQV$  very_DA  titles_NNS  are_VBR  enough_DD  to_TO  chill_VV0  the_AT1  blood_NN  :_:    the_AT1  cerebrative_JJ  psittacoid_NN  ,_,    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  or_CC    the_AT1  Gnurrs_NP2  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  voodvork_NN  out_RP  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  even_RR  a_AT1  whole_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  writing_NN  consecrated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  defeats_NNS  inflicted_VBN  on_IO  learned_JJ  but_CCB  hidebound_JJ  scientists_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  generic_JJ  midwestern_JJ  Paw_NNSB1  and_CC  Maw_NP  of_IO  great_JJ  natural_JJ  wisdom_NN  (_(  alleged_JJ  )_)  and_CC  hideous_JJ  whimsicality_NN  (_(  actual_JJ  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  British_NP2  are_VBR  not_XX  guiltless_JJ  here_RL  either_RR  :_:  a_AT1  story_NN  called_VVD    when_CS grandfather_NN  flew_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN    married_VVD  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  of_IO  space_NN  travel_NN  with_IO  traditional_JJ    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  false_JJ  and_CC  folksy_JJ    Welsh_JJ  humour_NN  ,_,  introducing_VBG  characters_NNS  called_VBN  Llewellyn_NP  Time_NP  Machine_NP  and_CC  Auntie_NNSB1  Spaceship-Repairs_NP  Jones_NP  .  
  this_DD1  outstanding_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  unwanted_JJ  originality_NN  won_VVD  a_AT1  prize_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  observer's_NN1$  science-fiction_NN  contest_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  judged_VBN  by_IO  non-addicts_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reprinted_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  squeals_NNS  of_IO  editorial_JJ  delight_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  leading_JJ  American_JJ  anthology_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  picture_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  as_RG  grave_JJ  as_IO  this_DD1  .  
  humour_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  main_JB  interest_NN  will_VM  sometimes_RR  work_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  medium_NN  ,_,  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  comic_JJ  notion_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  valid_JJ  science-fiction_NN  notion_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  one_MC1  such_DA  example_NN  is_VBZ  William_NP  Tenn's_PPIO2  satire_NN  on_IO  mediocrity_NN  ,_,    null-P_NC2    ;_;  others_DA2  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Sheckley_NP  ,_,  Pohl_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Fredric_NP  Brown_NP  .  
  beside_IO  his_APP$  contributions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  comic-inferno_JB  division_NN  in_IO  stories_NNS  like_IO    a_AT1  ticket_NN  to_IO  Tranai_NP  ,_,    Sheckley_NP  has_VHZ  devised_VBN  a_AT1  sub-form_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  comic_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  in_IO    the_AT1  lifeboat_NN  mutiny_NN  ,_,    two_MC  men_NNS  strive_VV0  to_TO  outwit_VV0  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  intelligence_NN  which_DDQ  controls_VBZ  the_AT1  boat_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  programmed_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  extinct_JJ  ,_,  warlike_JJ  ,_,  reptilian_JJ  race_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  verbose_JJ  ,_,  officious_JJ  disposition_NN  .  
  finally_RR  the_AT1  men_NNS  sham_VV0  dead_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  lifeboat_NN  ejects_VBZ  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  read_VBN  the_AT1  alien_JJ  burial_NN  service_NN  over_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  comedy_NN  here_RL  arises_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  characterisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  non-human_JJ  protagonist_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  lectures_VBZ  the_AT1  men_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  patriotic_JJ  duty_NN  ,_,  offers_VBZ  them_PPHO1  food_NN  that_PNQS looks_VBZ  like_IO  clay_NN  but_CCB  smells_VBZ  like_IO  machine_NN  oil_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  refuse_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  threatens_VBZ  them_PPHO1  with_IO  brain_NN  surgery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  approach_VV0  the_AT1  theorematical_JJ  neatness_NN  and_CC  cogency_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  propounded_VBN  in_IO    one_MC1  man's_NN1$  poison_NN  .    
  here_RL  ,_,  two_MC  other_DA  but_CCB  similar_JJ  men_NNS  are_VBR  starving_VBG  to_IO  death_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  vast_JJ  ,_,  isolated_JJ  alien_JJ  warehouse_NN  filled_VBN  with_IO  various_JJ  outlandish_JJ  goods_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  food_NN  ,_,  poisonous_JJ  substances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  thing_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  super_JJ  custom_NN  transport_NN  ,_,  complete_JJ  with_IO  fuel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  food_NN  turns_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  poison_NN  and_CC  so_PN1  does_VBZ  the_AT1  poison_NN  ,_,  whereupon_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  settle_VV0  down_RP  to_TO  dine_VV0  off_IO  the_AT1  super_JJ  custom_NN  transport_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  proves_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  animal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  fuel_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  water_NN  .  
  better_RRR  than_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  other_DA  ,_,  this_DD1  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  fiction_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  idea_NN  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  test_NN  case_NN  ,_,  in_CS  that_CS  those_DD2  learned_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  will_VM  at_RR  once_RR  salute_VV0  its_APP$  ingenuity_NN  and_CC  elegance_NN  ,_,  while_CS  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  study_NN  is_VBZ  but_II  little_DA  will_VM  complain_VV0  of_IO  not_XX  being_VBG  illuminated_VBN  ,_,  of_IO  being_VBG  offered_VBN  an_AT1  unworthy_JJ  escape_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  universe_NN  of_IO  man_NN  and_CC  fact_NN  ,_,  of_IO  being_VBG  presented_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  pseudo-question_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  .  conversely_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  other_DA  poets_NNS  who_PNQS from_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  outset_NN  hated_VVD  and_CC  denounced_VVD  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  got_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  something_PN1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  both_DB2  less_DA  and_CC  more_DA  than_IO  hatred_NN  .  
  however_CS fiercely_RR  they_PPHS2  might_VM  condemn_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  exerted_VVD  a_AT1  sinister_JJ  hold_NN  over_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  striking_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  futurist_NN  ,_,  Viktor_NP  Khlebnikov_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS fought_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  private_JJ  soldier_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  front_NN  from_IO  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  dissolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  armies_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  leading_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  avant-garde_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  experimented_VVD  with_IO  words_NNS  and_CC  images_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  his_APP$  poetry_NN  tougher_JJ  and_CC  harsher_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  war_NN  provided_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  many_DA  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  effects_NNS  which_DDQ  suited_VVD  his_APP$  peculiar_JJ  tastes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  appealed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  its_APP$  elemental_JJ  disorder_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  reduction_NN  of_IO  life_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  lowest_JJT  terms_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  chaotic_JJ  brutality_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  had_VHD  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  sway_NN  of_IO  savage_JJ  ,_,  primeval_JJ  gods_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  packed_JJ  ,_,  forceful_JJ  lines_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  bold_JJ  improvisations_NNS  in_IO  vocabulary_NN  reflected_VVD  his_APP$  isolation_NN  from_IO  other_DA  men_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  imperviousness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  claims_NNS  of_IO  humanity_NN  .  
  his_APP$  revolutionary_JJ  ardour_NN  was_VBDZ  perfectly_RR  sincere_JJ  and_CC  set_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  principle_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  practice_NN  he_PPHO1  displayed_VVD  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  largely_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  love_NN  of_IO  rasping_JJ  shocks_NNS  and_CC  grim_JJ  surprises_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  imagination_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  to_IO  work_NN  by_IO  such_DA  themes_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  dead_JJ  man_NN  lying_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  pond_NN  ,_,  soldiers_NNS  caught_VBN  in_IO  battle_NN  as_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  mouse-trap_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  merciless_JJ  torment_NN  of_IO  rain_NN  and_CC  snow_NN  and_CC  wind_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  flame_NN  and_CC  smoke_NN  of_IO  bombardments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  burning_NN  of_IO  villages_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  wreck_NN  of_IO  forests_NNS  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  in_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  reversion_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  ,_,  disordered_JJ  past_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  anarchic_JJ  temperament_NN  craves_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  creates_VBZ  his_APP$  own_DA  mythology_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  battlefield_NN  and_CC  likes_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  its_APP$  routine_NN  survivals_NNS  from_IO  pagan_JJ  rites_NNS  .  
  so_RR  in_IO    trizna_&FW    (_(    death-feast_NN    )_)  ,_,  he_PPHO1  presents_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  cremation_NN  of_IO  dead_JJ  soldiers_NNS  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  death-feast_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  modern_JJ  military_JJ  drill_NN  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ceremony_NN  .  
  as_CS  soldiers_NNS  stand_VV0  in_IO  silence_NN  and_CC  watch_VV0  the_AT1  pyre_NN  set_VBN  alight_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  smoke_NN  which_DDQ  rises_VBZ  from_IO  it_PPH1  recalls_VBZ  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  rivers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Don_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Irtish_NP  ,_,  and_CC  symbolizes_VBZ  the_AT1  overpowering_JJ  domination_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  when_CS artificial_JJ  restraints_NNS  are_VBR  removed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  Khlebnikov's_PPIO2  love_NN  of_IO  horrors_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  streak_NN  of_IO  perversity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  in_IO  character_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  collapse_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  world_NN  .  
  for_IO  him_PPHO1  also_RR  war_NN  transforms_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  gives_VBZ  to_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  fierce_JJ  enchantment_NN  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  war_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  really_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  poet_NN  may_VM  start_VV0  again_RR  towards_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  vision_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  perspective_NN  without_IO  reverting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  abstractions_NNS  and_CC  falsities_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  present_VV0  its_APP$  illimitable_JJ  chaos_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  counts_VBZ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  selection_NN  from_IO  it_PPH1  of_IO  what_DDQ  really_RR  strikes_VBZ  or_CC  stirs_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  Georg_NP  Trakl_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  front_NN  in_IO  December_NN1  1914_MC  ,_,  does_VBZ  in_IO    Im_&FW  Osten_&FW    (_(    on_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  front_NN    )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  applies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  shapeless_JJ  panorama_NN  of_IO  battle_NN  his_APP$  gift_NN  for_IO  images_NNS  which_DDQ  form_VV0  a_AT1  centre_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  associations_NNS  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  at_IO  their_APP$  full_JJ  value_NN  as_CS  each_DD1  appears_VBZ  :_:  
  here_RL  the_AT1  individual_JJ  elements_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  fact_NN  and_CC  give_VV0  a_AT1  true_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  war_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  gain_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  significance_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  also_RR  point_VV0  to_IO  something_PN1  beyond_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  both_DB2  examples_NNS  and_CC  symbols_NNS  .  
  Trakl_NP  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  soldier-poet_NN  is_VBZ  fully_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  seeing_VBG  beyond_IO  his_APP$  immediate_JJ  situation_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  insight_NN  denied_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  no_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  battle_NN  .  
  though_CS  Trakl_NP  looks_VBZ  upon_IO  war_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  anguished_JJ  solitude_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  prophet_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  draws_VBZ  no_AT1  conclusions_NNS  and_CC  makes_VBZ  no_AT1  forecasts_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  impossible_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  fighting_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  his_APP$  vision_NN  pierce_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  carnage_NN  and_CC  to_TO  divine_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  apocalyptic_JJ  clairvoyance_NN  its_APP$  meaning_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  Isaac_NP  Rosenberg_NP  did_VDD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  army_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  little_DA  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  fellow_JB  poets_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  officers_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  private_JJ  soldier_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  cherished_VVD  a_AT1  trust_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  privileged_JJ  and_CC  happy_JJ  England_NP  which_DDQ  had_VHD  only_RR  to_TO  survive_VV0  the_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  return_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  old_JJ  ways_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  ,_,  brought_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  poverty_NN  and_CC  frustration_NN  and_CC  conscious_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  alien_JJ  origin_NN  ,_,  shared_VVD  none_PN1  of_IO  their_APP$  romantic_JJ  dreams_NNS  .  
  for_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  a_AT1  cosmic_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  needed_VBN  to_TO  purge_VV0  the_AT1  injustices_NNS  of_IO  society_NN  and_CC  to_TO  bring_VV0  back_RP  sanity_NN  to_IO  men_NNS  .  
  as_IO  such_DA  he_PPHO1  welcomed_VVD  it_PPH1  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  such_DA  he_PPHO1  continued_VVD  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS others_DA2  had_VHD  lost_VBN  their_APP$  nerve_NN  on_IO  finding_VBG  that_CS  their_APP$  vaulting_JJ  hopes_NNS  were_VBDR  false_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  inevitable_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  historical_JJ  process_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  England_NP  ,_,  driven_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  self-destruction_NN  ,_,  by_IO  an_AT1    incestuous_JJ  worm_NN    eating_VBG  into_IO  its_APP$  vitals_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  doom_NN  of_IO  Babylon_NP  and_CC  Rome_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  something_PN1  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  revolutionaries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  differed_VVD  from_IO  Mayakovsky_NP  in_IO  believing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  attain_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  desired_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  Khlebnikov_NP  in_IO  taking_VBG  no_AT1  pleasure_NN  ,_,  however_CS grim_JJ  or_CC  perverse_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  deceive_VV0  himself_PPX1  about_IO  its_APP$  actual_JJ  cost_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hardly_RR  any_DD  poet_NN  has_VHZ  written_VBN  with_IO  so_RG  unshrinking_JJ  a_AT1  candour_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  appearance_NN  of_IO  battle_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  Rosenberg_NP  was_VBDZ  racked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  agony_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  waste_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  steeled_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  endure_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  that_CS  only_RR  through_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  ordeal_NN  could_VM  the_AT1  injustices_NNS  and_CC  falsities_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  world_NN  be_VB0  discredited_VBN  and_CC  destroyed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  England_NP  was_VBDZ  paying_VBG  a_AT1  price_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  cruelties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  price_NN  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  heavy_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  be_VB0  paid_VBN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  cause_NN  Rosenberg_NP  was_VBDZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  sacrifice_VV0  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  fulfilled_VVD  his_APP$  pledge_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  in_IO  April_NN1  1918_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  very_RG  much_RR  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  is_VBZ  an_AT1  enlightening_JJ  corrective_NN  both_DB2  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  carnage_NN  and_CC  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  beyond_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  matter_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wide_JJ  divergence_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  non-combatant_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  combatant_JJ  views_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  their_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  death_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  in_IO  constant_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  be_VB0  deeply_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  express_VV0  their_APP$  grief_NN  freely_RR  but_CCB  see_VV0  in_IO  death_NN  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  its_APP$  immediate_JJ  presence_NN  .  
  death_NN  in_IO  battle_NN  has_VHZ  long_RR  had_VHN  its_APP$  own_DA  glory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  understandable_JJ  that_CS  Rupert_NP  Brook_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  before_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  any_DD  fighting_NN  except_CS  at_IO  Antwerp_NP  ,_,  should_VM  proclaim_VV0  :_:  
  *"_*'  blow_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  you_PPY  bugles_NNS  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  dead_JJ  .  **"_**'  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  how_CS the_AT1  average_JJ  soldier_NN  treated_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  death_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  usually_RR  observed_VVD  a_AT1  private_JJ  fatalism_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  made_VVD  speculation_NN  superfluous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  deaths_NNS  of_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  however_CS deeply_RR  he_PPHO1  might_VM  feel_VV0  a_AT1  personal_JJ  loss_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  useless_JJ  to_TO  lament_VV0  or_CC  do_VD0  anything_PN1  but_CS  hide_VV0  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  situation_NN  where_CS death_NN  came_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  hardly_RR  called_VVD  for_IO  special_JJ  remark_NN  .  
  this_DD1  of_RR  course_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  deceive_VV0  anyone_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  dignity_NN  of_IO  silence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  on_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  soldier_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  adjust_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  to_IO  death_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  by_IO  treating_VBG  it_PPH1  as_IO  nothing_PN1  unusual_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  his_APP$  topsy-turvy_JB  world_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  wrong_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  note_NN  of_IO  superficial_JJ  detachment_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  Guillaume_NP  Apollinaire_NP  catches_VBZ  in_IO    Exercice_&FW    :_:  
  with_IO  solicitous_JJ  understatement_NN  Apollinaire_NP  tells_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  deaths_NNS  of_IO  four_MC  men_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  nothing_PN1  unusual_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  so_PN1  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  but_CCB  behind_IO  this_DD1  quiet_JJ  exterior_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  compassion_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  impartial_JJ  cruelty_NN  of_IO  death_NN  which_DDQ  suddenly_RR  breaks_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  soldiers'_NN2  routine_NN  and_CC  destroys_VBZ  them_PPHO1  ,_,  when_CS in_IO  their_APP$  talk_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  they_PPHS2  pay_VV0  no_AT1  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  suddenly_RR  falls_VBZ  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Apollinaire's_PPIO2  art_NN  speaks_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  order_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  of_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  representative_NN  ,_,  and_CC  presents_VBZ  these_DD2  casual_JJ  deaths_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  soldier_NN  would_VM  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  inarticulate_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  feel_VV0  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  paradox_NN  of_IO  death_NN  in_IO  war_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  despite_IO  its_APP$  presence_NN  life_NN  must_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  without_IO  interruption_NN  and_CC  that_CS  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  gruesome_JJ  relics_NNS  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  break_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  living_JJ  soldier's_NN1$  hold_NN  upon_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  precarious_JJ  but_CCB  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  sanity_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  act_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  or_CC  does_VBZ  and_CC  the_AT1  surroundings_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  war's_NN1$  most_RG  violent_JJ  discords_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  it_PPH1  we_PPIS2  can_VM  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  human_JJ  spirit_NN  adapts_VBZ  itself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  horrifying_JJ  circumstances_NNS  simply_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  exert_VV0  itself_PPX1  and_CC  endure_VV0  .  
  something_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  poet_NN  Giuseppe_NP  Ungaretti_NP  in_IO    veglia_&FW    (_(    watch_NN    )_)  :_:  
  in_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  his_APP$  individuality_NN  Ungaretti_NP  has_VHZ  to_TO  resist_VV0  any_DD  invasion_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  distress_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  fully_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  words_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  lacking_JJ  in_IO  humanity_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  marks_VBZ  the_AT1  horror_NN  of_IO  death_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  snarl_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  man's_NN1$  face_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  painfully_RR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  dead_JJ  hands_NNS  push_VV0  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  struggles_VBZ  against_IO  the_AT1  horror_NN  ,_,  exerts_VBZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  command_NN  over_IO  himself_PPX1    and_CC  writes_VBZ  love-letters_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  his_APP$  escape_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  hideous_JJ  unreality_NN  of_IO  war_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  affections_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  gains_VBZ  greatly_RR  in_IO  seriousness_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  chilling_JJ  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  all_DB  takes_VBZ  place_NN  .  
  a_AT1  third_MD  matter_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  fighting_JJ  soldier_NN  has_VHZ  his_APP$  own_DA  ideas_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  enemy_NN  .  
  at_IO  home_NN1  enemies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  denounced_VBN  as_IO  inhuman_JJ  barbarians_NNS  ,_,  ready_JJ  to_TO  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  hearths_NNS  and_CC  shrines_NNS  of_IO  lands_NNS  more_RG  civilized_JJ  than_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  therefore_RR  patriots_NNS  ,_,  safely_RR  ensconced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  ,_,  fulminate_VV0  against_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  average_JJ  soldier_NN  soon_RR  sees_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  truth_NN  .  
  living_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  isolated_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trenches_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  enemy_NN  are_VBR  closer_RRR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  than_IO  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  countrymen_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  invisible_JJ  commanders_NNS  who_PNQS from_IO  a_AT1  remote_JJ  security_NN  order_VV0  multitudes_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  senseless_JJ  death_NN  .  
  on_IO  no_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  sharper_JJ  contrast_NN  between_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  front_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  England_NP  we_PPIS2  may_VM  mark_VV0  the_AT1  extremes_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  by_IO  Kipling's_PPIO2  *"_*'    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  blood_NN  .    it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  very_RG  late_RR  with_IO  long_JJ  arrears_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  good_JJ  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  English_NP2  began_VVD  to_TO  hate_VV0  ,_,  **"_**'  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  by_IO  Siegfried_NP  Sassoon's_PPIO2  *"_*'    o_UH  German_JJ  mother_NN  dreaming_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  ,_,  while_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  knitting_VBG  socks_NNS  to_TO  send_VV0  your_APP$  son_NN  his_APP$  face_NN  is_VBZ  trodden_VBN  deeper_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  Germany_NP  no_RR  less_RG  pungent_JJ  a_AT1  contrast_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  between_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  with_IO  Littauer's_PPIO2    hymn_NN  of_IO  hate_NN    and_CC  another_DD1  with_IO  ordinary_JJ  soldiers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS felt_VVD  ,_,  almost_RR  despite_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  the_AT1  curious_JJ  brotherhood_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  battle_NN  draws_VBZ  its_APP$  antagonists_NNS  .  
  so_RR  in_IO    Bru"der_&FW    (_(    brothers_NNS    )_)  ,_,  Heinrich_NP  Lersch_NP  comes_VBZ  close_RR  to_IO  what_DDQ  many_DA  men_NNS  felt_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  dead_JJ  man_NN  hanging_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  barbed_JJ  wire_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  his_APP$  trench_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  that_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  night_NN  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  hears_VBZ  him_PPHO1  crying_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  crawls_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_RP  and_CC  bury_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  stranger_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  draws_VBZ  his_APP$  conclusion_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  es_&FW  irrten_&FW  meine_&FW  Augen_&FW  .  
  mein_&FW  Herz_&FW  ,_,  du_&FW  irrst_&FW  dich_&FW  nicht_&FW  :_:  Es_&FW  hat_&FW  ein_&FW  jeder_&FW  Toter_&FW  des_&FW  Bruders_&FW  Angesicht_&FW  .  
  't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  mistaken_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  ,_,  heart_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  misled_VBN  ;_;  there_EX  's_VBZ  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  brother_NN  on_IO  every_AT1  man_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  dead_JJ  .  )_)  **"_**'  
  in_IO  France_NP  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  similar_JJ  contrasts_NNS  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  extreme_NN  we_PPIS2  may_VM  put_VV0  Claudel's_PPIO2    derrie*?3re_&FW  eux_&FW    ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  righteous_JJ  anger_NN  denounces_VBZ  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  for_IO  shedding_VBG  innocent_JJ  blood_NN  and_CC  foretells_VBZ  their_APP$  defeat_NN  and_CC  punishment_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  implacable_JJ  justice_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  aroused_VBN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  proud_JJ  fury_NN  when_CS Claudel_NP  elaborates_VBZ  how_CS in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  will_VM  be_VB0  undone_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  forces_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  themselves_PPX2  set_VBN  in_IO  action_NN  :_:    *"_*'  retranche-toi_&FW  ,_,  peuple_&FW  assie*?2ge*?2_&FW  !_!  e*?2tends_&FW  tes_&FW  impassables_&FW  re*?2seaux_&FW  de_&FW  fil_&FW  de_&FW  fer_&FW  !_!    fossoyeurs_&FW  de_&FW  vos_&FW  propres_&FW  battaillons_&FW  ,_,  sans_&FW  rela*?5che_&FW  faites_&FW  votre_&FW  fosse_&FW  dans_&FW  la_&FW  terre_&FW  !_!  **"_**'  but_CCB  it_PPH1  moves_VBZ  in_IO  too_RG  exalted_JJ  and_CC  too_RG  personal_JJ  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  soldier_NN  .  he_PPHO1  may_VM  chance_VV0  to_TO  cut_VV0  a_AT1  poor_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  posterity_NN  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  work_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  mere_JB  commercial_JJ  trash_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conoscenti_&FW  of_IO  one_MC1  generation_NN  might_VM  possibly_RR  become_VV0  a_AT1  classic_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  another_DD1  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  guided_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  contempt_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  readers_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  books_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  making_VBG  a_AT1  crude_JJ  and_CC  unacknowledged_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  system_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  safer_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  and_CC  do_VD0  it_PPH1  better_RRR  ;_;  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  contempt_NN  had_VHD  in_IO  it_PPH1  no_AT1  admixture_NN  of_IO  merely_RR  social_JJ  snobbery_NN  or_CC  intellectual_JJ  priggery_NN  .  
  my_APP$  proposed_JJ  system_NN  works_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  observe_VV0  the_AT1  reading_NN  habits_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS buy_VV0  the_AT1  westerns_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  worth_IO  while_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  usually_RR  not_XX  much_DA  difficulty_NN  in_IO  assigning_VBG  those_DD2  habits_NNS  either_LE  to_IO  the_AT1  unliterary_JJ  or_CC  the_AT1  literary_JJ  class_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  read_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  ,_,  still_RR  more_RRR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  never_RR  find_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  read_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  prima_&FW  facie_&FW  case_NN  for_IO  thinking_VBG  it_PPH1  bad_JJ  .  
  if_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  even_RR  one_MC1  reader_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  cheap_JJ  little_JJ  book_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  double_JJ  columns_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  lurid_JJ  daub_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  cover_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  lifelong_JJ  delight_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  read_VBN  and_CC  reread_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  who_PNQS would_VM  notice_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  object_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  were_VBDR  changed_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  however_CS little_DA  we_PPIS2  could_VM  see_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  ourselves_PPX2  and_CC  however_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  despised_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  friends_NNS  and_CC  colleagues_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  not_XX  dare_VV0  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  beyond_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  .  
  how_CS risky_JJ  the_AT1  current_JJ  method_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  some_DD  reason_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  science-fiction_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  literary_JJ  province_NN  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  visit_VV0  fairly_RR  often_RR  ;_;  if_CS  I_PPIS1  now_RL  visit_VV0  it_PPH1  seldom_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  because_CS  my_APP$  taste_NN  has_VHZ  improved_VBN  but_CCB  because_CS  the_AT1  province_NN  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  ,_,  being_VBG  now_RL  covered_VBN  with_IO  new_JJ  building_NN  estates_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  style_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  care_VV0  for_IO  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  old_JJ  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  whenever_CS critics_NNS  said_VVD  anything_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  betrayed_VVD  great_JJ  ignorance_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  homogeneous_JJ  genre_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  genre_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  common_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS write_VV0  it_PPH1  except_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ    machine_NN    .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  writers_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  Jules_NP  Verne_NP  and_CC  are_VBR  primarily_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  technology_NN  .  
  some_DD  use_VV0  the_AT1  machine_NN  simply_RR  for_IO  literary_JJ  fantasy_NN  and_CC  produce_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  Ma"rchen_&FW  or_CC  myth_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  use_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  satire_NN  ;_;  nearly_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  most_RG  pungent_JJ  American_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  takes_VBZ  this_DD1  form_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  at_RR  once_RR  be_VB0  denounced_VBN  as_CS  un-American_JJ  if_CS  it_PPH1  ventured_VVD  into_IO  any_DD  other_DA  .  
  and_CC  finally_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  hacks_NNS  who_PNQS merely_RR    cashed_VVD  in_RP    on_IO  the_AT1  boom_NN  in_IO  science-fiction_NN  and_CC  used_VVD  remote_JJ  planets_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  galaxies_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  backcloth_NN  for_IO  spy-stories_NNS  or_CC  love-stories_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  or_CC  better_RRR  have_VH0  been_VBN  located_VBN  in_IO  Whitechapel_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  Bronx_NP  .  
  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  stories_NNS  differ_VV0  in_IO  kind_NN  ,_,  so_PN1  of_RR  course_RR  do_VD0  their_APP$  readers_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  ,_,  class_VV0  all_DB  science-fiction_NN  together_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  about_RR  as_RG  perceptive_JJ  as_CS  classing_VBG  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Ballantyne_NP  ,_,  Conrad_NP  and_CC  \0W_NP  \0W_NP  Jacobs_NP  together_RR  as_IO    the_AT1  sea-story_NN    and_CC  then_RL  criticising_VBG  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  when_CS we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  distinction_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  made_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  sheep_NNS  or_CC  within_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  ,_,  that_CS  my_APP$  system_NN  would_VM  differ_VV0  most_RG  sharply_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  established_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  established_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  distinctions_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  primary_JJ  distinction_NN  which_DDQ  draws_VBZ  the_AT1  pale_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  degree_NN  .  
  Milton_NP  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  and_CC  Patience_NP  Strong_NP  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  ;_;  Dickens_NP  (_(  most_DA  of_IO  him_PPHO1  )_)  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  and_CC  Edgar_NP  Wallace_NP  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  taste_NN  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  because_CS  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  Scott_NP  and_CC  Stevenson_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS like_VV0  \0E_NP  \0R_NP  Burroughs_NP  is_VBZ  worse_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  system_NN  I_PPIS1  propose_VV0  would_VM  draw_VV0  a_AT1  distinction_NN  not_XX  of_IO  degree_NN  but_CCB  of_IO  kind_NN  between_IO  readings_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  words_NNS      taste_NC2    ,_,    liking_NC2    ,_,    enjoyment_NC2      bear_VV0  different_JJ  meanings_NNS  as_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  unliterary_JJ  and_CC  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  that_CS  anyone_PN1  has_VHZ  ever_RR  reacted_VBN  to_IO  Edgar_NP  Wallace_NP  as_CS  I_PPIS1  react_VV0  to_IO  Stevenson_NP  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  judgement_NN  that_CS  someone_PN1  is_VBZ  unliterary_JJ  is_VBZ  like_IO  the_AT1  judgement_NN      this_DD1  man_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  love_NN    ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  judgement_NN  that_CS  my_APP$  taste_NN  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  is_VBZ  more_RRR  like_IO      this_DD1  man_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  love_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  a_AT1  frightful_JJ  woman_NN    .  
  and_CC  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  mere_JB  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  sense_NN  and_CC  breeding_NN  loves_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  we_PPIS2  dislike_VV0  properly_RR  and_CC  inevitably_RR  makes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  her_PPHO1  again_RR  and_CC  look_VV0  for_IO  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  find_VV0  ,_,  something_PN1  in_IO  her_PPHO1  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  not_XX  noticed_VBN  before_II  ,_,  so_CS  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  system_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  very_DA  fact_NN  that_CS  people_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  any_DD  one_MC1  person_NN  ,_,  can_VM  well_RR  and_CC  truly_RR  read_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  love_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  book_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  thought_VBN  bad_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  raise_VV0  the_AT1  suspicion_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  really_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  .  
  sometimes_RR  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  sure_JJ  ,_,  our_APP$  friend's_NN1$  mistress_NN  remains_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  eyes_NNS  so_RG  plain_JJ  ,_,  stupid_JJ  and_CC  disagreeable_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  attribute_VV0  his_APP$  love_NN  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  irrational_JJ  and_CC  mysterious_JJ  behaviour_NN  of_IO  hormones_NNS  ;_;  similarly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  may_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  seem_VV0  so_RG  bad_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  attribute_VV0  his_APP$  liking_NN  to_IO  some_DD  early_JJ  association_NN  or_CC  other_DA  psychological_JJ  accident_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  ,_,  remain_VV0  uncertain_JJ  .  
  always_RR  ,_,  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  prima_&FW  facie_&FW  probability_NN  that_CS  anything_PN1  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  ever_RR  been_VBN  truly_RR  read_VBN  and_CC  obstinately_RR  loved_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  reader_NN  has_VHZ  some_DD  virtue_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  overwhelming_JJ  .  
  to_TO  condemn_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  ,_,  on_IO  my_APP$  system_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  serious_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  our_APP$  condemnation_NN  is_VBZ  never_RR  quite_RR  final_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  could_VM  always_RR  without_IO  absurdity_NN  be_VB0  re-opened_VBN  .  
  and_CC  here_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  realistic_JJ  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  all_DB  aware_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  cool_JJ  hour_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  distinctions_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  are_VBR  far_RR  more_RG  precarious_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  location_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  nothing_PN1  whatever_DDQ  is_VBZ  gained_VBN  by_IO  disguising_VBG  the_AT1  fact_NN  .  
  when_CS whistling_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  our_APP$  spirits_NNS  up_RP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  as_RG  certain_JJ  of_IO  Tennyson's_PPIO2  inferiority_NN  to_IO  Wordsworth_NP  as_CS  of_IO  Edgar_NP  Wallace's_PPIO2  to_IO  Balzac_NP  .  
  when_CS heated_VBN  with_IO  controversy_NN  you_PPY  may_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  taste_NN  in_IO  liking_VBG  Milton_NP  is_VBZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  milder_JJ  instance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  badness_NN  we_PPIS2  attribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  taste_NN  that_PNQS likes_VBZ  the_AT1  comics_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  say_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  but_CCB  no_AT1  sane_JJ  man_NN  quite_RR  fully_RR  believes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  distinctions_NNS  we_PPIS2  draw_VV0  between_IO  better_JJ  and_CC  worse_JJ  within_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  like_IO  that_DD1  between_IO    trash_NN    and_CC    real_JJ    literature_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  depend_VV0  on_IO  precarious_JJ  and_CC  reversible_JJ  judgements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  system_NN  frankly_RR  acknowledges_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  admits_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  that_CS  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  totally_RR  and_CC  finally_RR    debunking_VBG    or_CC    exposing_VBG    any_DD  author_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  been_VBN  well_RR  inside_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  start_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  whatever_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  good_JJ  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS really_RR  and_CC  truly_RR  read_VV0  probably_RR  is_VBZ  good_JJ  .  
  all_DB  probability_NN  is_VBZ  against_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS attack_VV0  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  they_PPHS2  can_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  persuade_VV0  people_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  less_RG  good_JJ  than_CS  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  ;_;  freely_RR  confessing_VBG  that_CS  even_RR  this_DD1  assessment_NN  may_VM  presently_RR  be_VB0  set_VBN  aside_RP  .  
  thus_RR  one_MC1  result_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  system_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  silence_VV0  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  critic_NN  for_IO  whom_WPO  all_DB  the_AT1  great_JJ  names_NNS  in_IO  English_JJ  literature_NN    except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  half_DB  dozen_MC  protected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  momentary_JJ  critical_JJ    establishment_NN      are_VBR  as_CS  so_RG  many_DA  lamp-posts_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  consider_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  these_DD2  dethronements_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  great_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  .  
  their_APP$  acrimony_NN  produces_VBZ  heat_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  light_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  improve_VV0  anyone's_PN$  capacity_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  reading_NN  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  mending_VBG  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  taste_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  denigrate_VV0  his_APP$  present_JJ  favourites_NNS  but_CCB  to_TO  teach_VV0  him_PPHO1  how_CS to_TO  enjoy_VV0  something_PN1  better_JJ  .  
  such_DA  are_VBR  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  might_VM  hope_VV0  from_IO  basing_VBG  our_APP$  criticism_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  criticism_NN  of_IO  reading_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  pictured_VBN  the_AT1  system_NN  working_VBG  ideally_RR  and_CC  ignored_VBN  the_AT1  snags_NNS  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  content_JJ  with_IO  something_PN1  less_DA  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  objection_NN  to_IO  judging_VBG  books_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  read_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  book_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  ways_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  all_DB  know_VV0  that_CS  certain_JJ  passages_NNS  in_IO  good_JJ  fiction_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  poetry_NN  are_VBR  used_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  readers_NNS  ,_,  chiefly_RR  schoolboys_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  pornography_NN  ;_;  and_CC  now_CS  that_CS  Lawrence_NP  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  paperbacks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  covers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  company_NN  they_PPHS2  keep_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  bookstalls_NNS  show_VV0  very_RG  clearly_RR  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  sales_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  reading_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  booksellers_NNS  anticipate_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  say_VV0  that_CS  what_DDQ  damns_VBZ  a_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  bad_JJ  readings_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  ideally_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  define_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  book_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  which_DDQ    permits_VBZ  ,_,  invites_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  compels_VBZ    good_JJ  reading_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  do_VD0  with_IO    permits_VBZ  and_CC  invites_VBZ    .  
  there_EX  may_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  books_NNS  which_DDQ  compel_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  reading_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  who_PNQS reads_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  through_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  pages_NNS  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  took_VVD  up_RP  Samson_NP  Agonistes_NP  ,_,  Rasselas_NP  ,_,  or_CC  urn_NN  burial_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  excitement_NN  ,_,  or_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  aid_NN  to_IO  egoistic_JJ  castle-building_NN  you_PPY  would_VM  soon_RR  put_VV0  it_PPH1  down_RP  .  
  but_CCB  books_NNS  which_DDQ  thus_RR  resist_VV0  bad_JJ  reading_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  necessarily_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  books_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  logically_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  accident_NN  that_CS  some_DD  beauties_NNS  can_VM  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  be_VB0  abused_VBN  .  
  as_IO  for_II    invites_NC2    ,_,  invitation_NN  admits_VBZ  of_IO  degrees_NNS  .  
    permits_NC2    is_VBZ  therefore_RR  our_APP$  sheet-anchor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ideally_RR  bad_JJ  book_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  good_JJ  reading_NN  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  words_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  exists_VBZ  will_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  close_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  communicate_VV0  offers_VBZ  you_PPY  nothing_PN1  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  either_LE  for_IO  mere_JB  thrills_NNS  or_CC  for_IO  flattering_JJ  daydreams_NNS  .  
  but_CCB    invitation_NN    comes_VBZ  into_IO  our_APP$  conception_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  book_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  that_CS  attentive_JJ  and_CC  obedient_JJ  reading_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  barely_RR  possible_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  try_VV0  hard_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  must_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  do_VD0  all_DB  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  show_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  pretty_RR  quickly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  his_APP$  writing_NN  deserves_VBZ  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  rewards_VBZ  ,_,  alert_JJ  and_CC  disciplined_JJ  reading_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  objected_VBN  that_CS  to_TO  take_VV0  our_APP$  stand_NN  upon_IO  readings_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  books_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  turn_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  known_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  unknowable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  books_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  are_VBR  obtainable_JJ  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  inspect_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  ourselves_PPX2  ;_;  what_DDQ  can_VM  we_PPIS2  really_RR  know_VV0  about_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  ways_NNS  of_IO  reading_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  objection_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  formidable_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  judgement_NN  of_IO  readings_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  twofold_JJ  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  some_DD  readers_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  as_IO  unliterary_JJ  ;_;  then_RL  we_PPIS2  distinguish_VV0  better_JJ  and_CC  worse_JJ  tastes_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  pale_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  doing_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  readers_NNS  themselves_PPX2  will_VM  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   no_AT1  conscious_JJ  assistance_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  talk_VV0  about_IO  reading_NN  and_CC  would_VM  be_VB0  inarticulate_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  tried_VVD  to_TO  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  their_APP$  case_NN  external_JJ  observation_NN  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  easy_JJ  .  
  where_CS reading_NN  plays_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  small_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  every_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  tossed_VBN  aside_RP  like_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  newspaper_NN  the_AT1  moment_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  ,_,  unliterary_JJ  reading_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  diagnosed_VBN  with_IO  certainty_NN  .  
  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  passionate_JJ  and_CC  constant_JJ  love_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  and_CC  rereading_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  however_CS bad_JJ  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  the_AT1  book_NN  and_CC  however_CS immature_JJ  or_CC  uneducated_JJ  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  the_AT1  reader_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  .  
  (_(  by_IO  rereading_NN  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  rereading_NN  for_IO  choice_NN  .  
  a_AT1  lonely_JJ  child_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  where_CS there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  books_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  ship's_NN1$  officer_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  voyage_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  driven_VBN  to_TO  reread_VV0  anything_PN1  faute_&FW  de_&FW  mieux_&FW  .  )_)  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  making_VBG  the_AT1  second_MD  distinction_NN    approving_VBG  or_CC  censuring_VBG  the_AT1  tastes_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  obviously_RR  literary_JJ    the_AT1  test_NN  by_IO  external_JJ  observation_NN  fails_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  compensate_VV0  for_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  dealing_VBG  with_IO  articulate_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  talk_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  write_VV0  ,_,  about_IO  their_APP$  favourite_JB  books_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  sometimes_RR  explicitly_RR  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  often_RR  unintentionally_RR  reveal_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  they_PPHS2  take_VV0  in_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  reading_NN  it_PPH1  implies_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  thus_RR  often_RR  judge_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  with_IO  certainty_NN  but_CCB  with_IO  great_JJ  probability_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  received_VBN  Lawrence_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  literary_JJ  merits_NNS  and_CC  who_PNQS is_VBZ  primarily_RR  attracted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  imago_&FW  of_IO  rebel_NN  or_CC  poor_JJ  boy_NN  makes_VBZ  good_JJ  ;_;  who_PNQS loves_VBZ  Dante_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  poet_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS loves_VBZ  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  Thomist_NN1  ;_;  who_PNQS seeks_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  author_NN  the_AT1  enlargement_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mental_JJ  being_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS seeks_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  enlargement_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  self-esteem_NN  .  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  married_VBN  on_IO  March_NN1  4th_MD  ,_,  1880_MC  ,_,  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Matthias_NP  ,_,  Dublin_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bride_NN  wore_VVD  a_AT1  simple_JJ  travelling_NN  dress_NN  of_IO  grey_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  more_RG  suitable_JJ  ,_,  considering_IO  the_AT1  bridegroom's_NN1$  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  in_IO  mourning_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  brother_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  regretted_VVD  it_PPH1  afterwards_RR  .  
    the_AT1  conventional_JJ  dress_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  widow_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  mine_PP$  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  the_AT1  dress_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bride_NN  .    
  his_APP$  letter_NN  to_IO  Layard_NP  from_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  happy_JJ  ,_,  teasing_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  hardly_RR  recovered_VBN  as_RR  yet_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  surprise_NN  which_DDQ  my_APP$  marriage_NN  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  
  my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  student_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  plunged_VBN  among_IO  chiffons_&FW  and_CC  modistes_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  bound_VBN  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  infliction_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  resignation_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  rather_RR  alarming_JJ  and_CC  ominous_JJ  ,_,  excusing_VBG  her_APP$  new-fangled_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  dress_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  pleasing_VBG  me_PPIO1  .    
  evidently_RR  Cinderella_NP  got_VVD  her_APP$  finery_NN  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  her_APP$  welcome_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Layards_NP2  was_VBDZ  as_RG  warm_JJ  as_CS  his_PP$  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  Enid_NP  Layard_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  ideal_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hostess_NN  and_CC  great_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  hero-worship_NN  which_DDQ  developed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  closest_JJT  intimacy_NN  she_PPHO1  ever_RR  had_VHD  with_IO  another_DD1  woman_NN  .  
  to_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Layard's_PPIO2  literary_JJ  antecedents_NNS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  return_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  only_RR  just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  ambassadorial_JJ  glory_NN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  diplomatic_JJ  career_NN  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  to_IO  an_AT1  abrupt_JJ  end_NN  .  
  a_AT1  confidential_JJ  despatch_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  his_APP$  frank_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sultan's_NNSB2  incompetence_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  cowardice_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  through_IO  carelessness_NN  or_CC  treachery_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  known_VBN  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  strong_JJ  supporter_NN  of_IO  monarchical_JJ  trade-unionism_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  scarcely_RR  less_RG  furious_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  Sultan_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  recalled_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  lost_VVD  his_APP$  hope_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  peerage_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  matter_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  told_VBN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  acting_VBG  as_IO  intermediary_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Layards_NP2  were_VBDR  childless_JJ  and_CC  comfortably_RR  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  some_DD  years_NNS  previously_RR  bought_VBN  themselves_PPX2  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  palazzo_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NP  Canal_NNL1  in_IO  Venice_NP  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  retirement_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  great_JJ  hardship_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Gregorys_NP2  would_VM  visit_VV0  them_PPHO1  there_RL  every_AT1  spring_NN  .  
  to_IO  neither_LE  friend_NN  did_VDD  retirement_NN  mean_VV0  inactivity_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  continued_VVD  their_APP$  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  National_NP  Gallery_NNL1  and_CC  their_APP$  personal_JJ  picture-collecting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  continued_VVD  to_TO  gratify_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  his_APP$  insatiable_JJ  appetite_NN  for_IO  travelling_NN  .  
  three_MC  times_NNS  during_IO  his_APP$  marriage_NN  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  visitor_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  beloved_JJ  Ceylon_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  occasion_NN  taking_VBG  Augusta_NP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  winter_NN  in_IO  India_NP  first_RR  .  
  other_DA  winters_NNS  were_VBDR  spent_VBN  in_IO  Egypt_NP  ;_;  spring_NN  in_IO  Spain_NP  or_CC  Italy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Layards_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  burying_VBG  himself_PPX1  at_IO  Coole_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  country_NN  house_NN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  of_IO  shooting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  summer_NN  and_CC  early_JJ  autumn_NN  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  take_VV0  any_DD  notice_NN  of_IO  Dublin_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  provincial_JJ  dowdiness_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  like_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  except_CS  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  picture_NN  or_CC  two_MC  to_IO  its_APP$  National_NP  Gallery_NNL1    nothing_PN1  in_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  for_IO  London's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  tall_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  Place_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_IO  a_AT1  settled_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  Cinderella_NP  of_IO  Roxborough_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  liberation_NN  indeed_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  fulfilment_NN  not_XX  only_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  an_AT1  intelligence_NN  .  
  now_RL  at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  someone_PN1  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  best_JJT  company_NN  in_IO  London_NP  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Jane_NP  Austen_NP  sense_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  clever_JJ  ,_,  well-informed_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  plenty_NN  of_IO  conversation_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  frequently_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  company_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  sense_NN  too_RR  ;_;  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  numbered_VVD  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  duchesses_NNS  among_IO  his_APP$  intimates_NNS  .  
    freed_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  happy_JJ  marriage_NN  from_IO  many_DA  family_NN  traditions_NNS      so_RR  she_PPHO1  describes_VBZ  her_APP$  escape_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Persse_NP  conservatism_NN  and_CC  prejudice_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  may_VM  not_XX  appear_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  revolutionary_NN  from_IO  our_APP$  standpoint_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  theirs_PP$  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  as_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  rebel_NN  and_CC  traitor_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  class_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  seem_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  ascendancy_NN  generation_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  gentleman_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  nation-wide_JJ  reputation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  grand_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  chose_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  rebel_NN  ,_,  nobody_PN1  dared_VVD  say_VV0  him_PPHO1  nay_UH  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  of_IO  1881_MC  ,_,  their_APP$  son_NN  William_NP  Robert_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  pride_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  old_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  the_AT1  dearest_JJT  thing_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  Galway_NP  remove_NN  went_VVD  ,_,  only_RR  seven_MC  miles_NNS  separated_VVD  her_PPHO1  from_IO  Roxborough_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    there_EX  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  strangeness_NN  and_CC  romance_NN  about_IO  Coole_NP  .    
  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  houses_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  demesnes_NNS  were_VBDR  different_JJ  worlds_NNS  .  
  Roxborough_NP  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  and_CC  windy_JJ  ,_,  bustling_JJ  and_CC  busy_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  working_JJ  estate_NN  ;_;  Coole_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pleasure-house_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sleeping_JJ  beauty_NN  palace_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  forest_NN  .  
  for_CS  by_IO  his_APP$  plantations_NNS  the_AT1  east_NN1  India_NP  chairman_NN  ,_,  homesick_JJ  perhaps_RR  for_IO  Asia_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  created_VBN  an_AT1  artificial_JJ  jungle_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  grain_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  limestone_NN  country_NN  .  
  his_APP$  descendants_NNS  had_VHD  inherited_VBN  his_APP$  passion_NN  for_IO  tree-planting_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  had_VHD  turned_VBN  the_AT1  nut-wood_NN  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  pinetum_NN  ,_,  putting_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  cheerfully_RR  admits_VBZ  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  money_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  nurserymen's_NN2  pockets_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  species_NNS  of_IO  conifer_NN  introduced_VBN  would_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  limestone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  died_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  enough_DD  remained_VVD  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  sub-Alpine_JJ  gloom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  drive_NN  was_VBDZ  two_MC  miles_NNS  long_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  mile_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  an_AT1  arching_JJ  avenue_NN  of_IO  ilex_NN  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  twisting_JJ  forest_NN  track_NN  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  itself_PPX1  disappointed_VVD  many_DA  (_(  including_IO  ,_,  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  Robert_NP  Gregory's_PPIO2  artist_NN  bride_NN  )_)  by_IO  its_APP$  architectural_JJ  poverty_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  oblong_JJ  white_JJ  Georgian_JJ  building_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  plain_JJ  little_JJ  porch_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  counterpart_NN  of_IO  hundreds_MC2  in_IO  Ireland_NP  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  living-rooms_NNS  ,_,  library_NN  and_CC  drawing-room_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  ,_,  west_NN1  towards_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  through_IO  undistinguished_JJ  but_CCB  serviceable_JJ  bays_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  house's_NN1$  distinction_NN  lay_VVD  within_II  .  
  four_MC  cultivated_JJ  generations_NNS  had_VHD  filled_VBN  it_PPH1  with_IO  books_NNS  ,_,  pictures_NNS  ,_,  statuary_NN  ,_,  records_NNS  and_CC  mementoes_NNS  of_IO  wide_JJ  travel_NN  ,_,  all_DB  bearing_VBG  the_AT1  imprint_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  taste_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  achievement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  afraid_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  their_APP$  brains_NNS  .  
  as_CS  at_IO  Roxborough_NP  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  rats_NNS  ;_;  indeed_RR  ,_,  till_CS  Robert_NP  Gregory_NP  married_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  persuaded_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  pull_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  creeper_NN  which_DDQ  covered_VVD  the_AT1  outer_JB  walls_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  rats_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  positively_RR  embarrassing_JJ  degree_NN  .  
  a_AT1  visitor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  creeper_NN  epoch_NN  recalls_VBZ  a_AT1  rat_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  bedroom_NN  while_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  undressing_VBG  ,_,  a_AT1  rat_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  mattress_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  got_VVD  into_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  unmistakeable_JJ  signs_NNS  that_CS  a_AT1  rat_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  before_IO  her_PPHO1  when_CS she_PPHO1  got_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  breakfast_NN  next_DA  morning_NN  ;_;  after_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  the_AT1  three_MC  miles_NNS  into_IO  Gort_NP  ,_,  and_CC  sent_VVD  herself_PPX1  a_AT1  telegram_NN  ,_,  summoning_VBG  herself_PPX1  home_NN1  .  
  ten_MC  minutes'_NN2  walk_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paddock_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  brought_VVD  one_MC1  out_RP    with_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  if_CS  one_MC1  were_VBDR  of_IO  a_AT1  claustrophobic_JJ  tendency_NN    on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  meandering_JJ  lake_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  even_RR  longer_JJ  in_IO  winter_NN  by_IO  floods_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  its_APP$  waters_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  Roxborough_NP  river_NN  ,_,  only_RR  reached_VVD  the_AT1  sea_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  underground_JB  channel_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  liable_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  blocked_VBN  .  
  and_CC  round_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  lay_VVD  more_DA  vast_JJ  woods_NNS  ;_;  somewhere_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  depths_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  perched_JJ  boulder_NN  which_DDQ  when_CS struck_VBN  emitted_VVD  musical_JJ  notes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  caused_VBN  to_TO  ring_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  chime_NN  of_IO  church_NN  bells_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  very_RG  eerie_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  surprisingly_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  favourite_JB  haunt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sidhe_NP2  ,_,  those_DD2  strange_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  appearance_NN  just_RR  like_IO  ordinary_JJ  people_NNS  until_CS  they_PPHS2  vanished_VVD  or_CC  filled_VVD  your_APP$  pockets_NNS  with_IO  derisory_JJ  gold_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inadequate_JJ  and_CC  misleading_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  by_IO  our_APP$  English_JJ  word_NN  of_IO  fairies_NNS  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  your_APP$  way_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  woods_NNS  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  their_APP$  propensity_NN  for_IO  leading_VBG  you_PPY  astray_RR  ,_,  and_CC  unwary_JJ  visitors_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  lost_VBN  for_IO  hours_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  whole_JJ  night_NN  .  
  in_IO  later_JJ  years_NNS  their_APP$  most_RG  notable_JJ  victim_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  Bernard_NP  Shaw_NP  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  County_NNL1  Galway_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  seven_MC  miles'_NN2  removal_NN  meant_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  intellectual_JJ  society_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  William's_PPIO2  chief_JB  friend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  was_VBDZ  Count_NNSB1  de_&FW  Basterot_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  French_JJ  traveller_NN  and_CC  litte*?2rateur_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  inherited_VBN  an_AT1  estate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Burren_NP  coast_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  self-exiled_JJ  to_IO  France_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  James_NP  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Count_NNSB1  came_VVD  to_IO  Duras_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  and_CC  autumn_NN  ,_,  much_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Gregorys_NP2  came_VVD  to_IO  Coole_NP  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  next-door_JB  neighbour_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Tullira_NP  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old-maidish_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  named_VBN  Edward_NP  Martyn_NP  ,_,  heir_NN  and_CC  hope_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  catholic_JJ  landed_VBN  families_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  literary_JJ  ambitions_NNS  which_DDQ  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  had_VHD  encouraged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  all_DB  directions_NNS  talented_JJ  ,_,  musically_RR  and_CC  artistically_RR  too_RR  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mother-dominated_JJ  to_IO  an_AT1  extent_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  manage_VV0  his_APP$  life_NN  or_CC  get_VV0  the_AT1  full_JJ  value_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  talents_NNS  .  
  to_TO  please_VV0  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  Gothicised_VBN  his_APP$  house_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  *+20,000_NNU  ,_,  though_CS  besought_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  not_XX  to_TO  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  do_VD0  anything_PN1  to_TO  please_VV0  her_PPHO1  but_CS  marry_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  hermit_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  towers_NNS  ,_,  nourishing_VBG  a_AT1  hatred_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  womankind_NN  .  
  his_APP$  position_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  wealthy_JJ  and_CC  cultivated_JJ  catholic_NN  later_RRR  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  great_JJ  importance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  renascence_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  a_AT1  link_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  ;_;  people_NNS  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  through_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  thereafter_RR  leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  behind_RP  .  
  three_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Gregory's_PPIO2  marriage_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  (_(  later_RRR  Monsignor_NNSB1  )_)  Jerome_NP  Fahy_NP  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  Vicar-General_NNSB1  of_IO  Gort_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  market_NN  town_NN  nearest_JJT  to_IO  Coole_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  brought_VVD  into_IO  their_APP$  circle_NN  another_DD1  intelligent_JJ  man_NN  whom_WPO  as_IO  Augusta_NP  Persse_NP  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  noted_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  friend_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  religion_NN  ,_,  though_CS  perhaps_RR  not_XX  for_IO  what_DDQ  catholics_NNS  would_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  reasons_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  on_IO  good_JJ  terms_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  and_CC  clergy_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Kilmacduagh_NP  diocese_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  support_NN  had_VHD  materially_RR  assisted_VBN  his_APP$  election_NN  as_IO  member_NN  for_IO  Galway_NP  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  Vicar-General_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  ordinary_JJ  parish_NN  priest_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  historian_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  exceptionally_RR  enquiring_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  lonely_JJ  moorland_NN  of_IO  Kilmacduagh_NP  ,_,  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  south-west_NN1  of_IO  Gort_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  considerable_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  ancient_JJ  ecclesiastical_JJ  ruins_NNS  in_IO  Ireland_NP  :_:  an_AT1  abbey_NN  church_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  monastery_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cathedral_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  well-preserved_JJ  round_JJ  tower_NN  leaning_VBG  two_MC  feet_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  perpendicular_NN  .  
  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  monuments_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  nearly_RR  forgotten_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  his_APP$  business_NN  to_TO    disinter_VV0  the_AT1  buried_JJ  treasure_NN    ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  preface_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  history_NN  and_CC  antiquities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  diocese_NN  of_IO  Kilmacduagh_NP  ,_,  published_VBN  in_IO  1893_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  writing_VBG  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  standpoint_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  faith_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  much_DA  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1    disinterred_VVD    was_VBDZ  folklore_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  collecting_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  decade_NN  before_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Gregory_NP  and_CC  Yeats_NP  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  limit_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  legends_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Colman_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  brought_VVD  his_APP$  story_NN  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  with_IO  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reigning_JJ  ascendancy_NN  families_NNS  ;_;  dealing_VBG  out_RP  censure_NN  vigorously_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  giving_VBG  credit_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  discharged_VBN  their_APP$  responsibilities_NNS  fairly_RR  ,_,  particularly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Gregorys_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Verekers_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  families_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  made_VBN  Gort_NP  such_DA  a_AT1  well-liking_JJ  and_CC  prosperous_JJ  little_JJ  town_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  winter_NN  spent_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Gregorys_NP2  in_IO  Egypt_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  one_MC1  for_IO  Augusta_NP  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  she_PPHO1    made_VVD  her_APP$  education_NN  in_IO  politics_NN    .  
  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  colony_NN  in_IO  Cairo_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Sussex_NP  poet_NN  and_CC  landowner_NN  Wilfred_NP  Scawen_NP  Blunt_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  Lady_NNSB1  Anne_NP  ,_,  granddaughter_NN  of_IO  Byron_NP  .  
  Blunt_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  taker-up_NN  of_IO  causes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  disquieted_VBN  by_IO  British_JJ  administration_NN  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  league_NN  troubles_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  claim_VV0  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  Englishman_NN1  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  gaol_NN  for_IO  Ireland's_PPIO2  sake_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  served_VVD  a_AT1  sentence_NN  in_IO  Galway_NP  Gaol_NNL1  for_IO  inciting_VBG  Lord_NNSB1  Clanricarde's_PPIO2  tenants_NNS  to_TO  resist_VV0  eviction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  awkward_JJ  for_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Gregory_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Clanricarde's_PPIO2  ,_,  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Gregory's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hero_NN  .  
  all_DB  her_APP$  life_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fascinated_VBN  by_IO  stories_NNS  of_IO  prisons_NNS  and_CC  prisoners_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  indeed_RR  anyone_PN1  with_IO    rebelly_JJ    leanings_NNS  well_RR  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  from_IO  Blunt_NP  she_PPHO1  learnt_VVD  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  like_IO  to_TO  be_VB0  inside_IO  the_AT1  grim_JJ  gaol_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  so_RG  often_RR  stared_VBN  in_IO  awe_NN  when_CS her_APP$  elders_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  Galway_NP  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  background_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  two_MC  most_RG  famous_JJ  short_JJ  plays_NNS  .  Malay_JJ  literature_NN  .  
  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Richard_NP  Winstedt_NP  .  
  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  1,000_MC  years_NNS  Malaya's_PPIO2  little_JJ  courts_NNS  and_CC  ports_NNS  were_VBDR  under_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Hindu_JJ  and_CC  Buddhist_JJ  India_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  fact_NN  had_VHD  created_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  first_RR  Pallavas_NP2  from_IO  the_AT1  Coromandel_NP  coast_NN  imported_VVD  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  religions_NNS  of_IO  Brahma_NP  ,_,  Shiva_NP  and_CC  Visnu_NP  and_CC  Buddhism_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  Sanskrit_NP  inscriptions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  4th_MD  century_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Xtian_JJ  era_NN  show_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  Kedah_NP  ,_,  Hinayana_NP  and_CC  Mahayana_NP  Buddhism_NN1  flourished_VVD  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  to_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  centuries_NNS  ,_,  northern_JJ  Malaya_NP  was_VBDZ  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Buddhist_JJ  empire_NN  ,_,  Sri_NP  Vijaya_NP  ,_,  that_PNQS ruled_VVD  the_AT1  Malacca_NP  straits_NNS  from_IO  Kedah_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Sunda_NP  straits_NNS  from_IO  Palembang_NP  in_IO  south_NN1  Sumatra_NP  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  the_AT1  conversion_NN  to_IO  Islam_NN1  600_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  destroyed_VVD  the_AT1  Hindu_JJ  alphabets_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  palm-leaf_NN  literature_NN  ,_,  there_EX  remain_VV0  four_MC  times_NNS  as_RG  many_DA  Sanskrit_NP  loanwords_NNS  even_RR  in_IO  Malay_JJ  village_NN  verse_NN  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  Arabic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  were_VBDR  too_RG  few_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  Prakrit_NP  or_CC  any_DD  Dravidian_JJ  tongue_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  conversation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  court_NN  Brahmins_NP2  brought_VVD  religion_NN  and_CC  learning_NN  and_CC  furnished_VVD  the_AT1  primitive_JJ  Malay_NN1  with_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  abstract_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  terms_NNS  still_RR  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Muslim_JJ  Malay_NN1  to_TO  denote_VV0  religion_NN  ,_,  fasting_NN  ,_,  heaven_NN  ,_,  sin_NN  ,_,  life_NN  ,_,  language_NN  ,_,  time_NN  ,_,  name_NN  ,_,  prince_NN  ,_,  property_NN  ,_,  thing_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fine_NN  ,_,  work_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  background_NN  that_PNQS gave_VVD  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  stories_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Jataka_NP  tales_NNS  ,_,  Bidpai's_PPIO2  fables_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Katha_NP  Sarit_NP  Sagara_NP  or_CC  ocean_NN  of_IO  story_NN  ,_,  carried_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  per_&FW  ora_&FW  virum_&FW  ,_,  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  written_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  published_VBN  in_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  stories_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  throughout_IO  south_NN1  east_NN1  Asia_NP  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  Buddhist_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  folktales_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  two_MC  chief_JB  literary_JJ  relics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hindu_JJ  period_NN  are_VBR  Malay_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Ramayana_NP  and_CC  Mahabharata_NP  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  Hikayat_NP  Sri_NP  Rama_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  oral_JJ  tradition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Javanese_JJ  shadow-play_NN  and_CC  contains_VBZ  details_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  west_NN1  and_CC  south-west_NN1  of_IO  India_NP  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  episodes_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  found_VBN  in_IO  India_NP  before_IO  the_AT1  12th_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  version_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Perso-Arabic_JJ  script_NN  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  date_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  when_CS children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  of_IO  Malacca_NP  knew_VVD  the_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Islamic_JJ  romance_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  ousted_VBN  the_AT1  Hindu_JJ  epics_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Mahabharata_NP  are_VBR  derived_VBN  from_IO  Javanese_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  14th_MD  century_NN  and_CC  again_RR  may_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  translated_VBN  in_IO  15th_MD  century_NN  Malacca_NP  with_IO  its_APP$  large_JJ  Javanese_JJ  quarter_NN  .  
  by_IO  1634_MC  Malays_NP2  were_VBDR  instructed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  famous_JJ  theologian_NN  writer_NN  in_IO  Malay_NN1  that_CS  the_AT1  Ramayana_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  condemned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rubbish_NN  heap_NN  provided_CS  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Allah_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  manuscript_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Bodleian_JJ  manuscript_NN  which_DDQ  goes_VBZ  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  century_NN  or_CC  earlier_RRR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Nabi_NP  Adam_NP  who_PNQS gives_VBZ  Ravana_NP  his_APP$  kingdoms_NNS  and_CC  Allah_&FW  taala_&FW  has_VHZ  been_VBN  substituted_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  Hindu_JJ  trinity_NN  (_(  dewata_&FW  mulia_&FW  raya_&FW  )_)  .  
  one_MC1  other_DA  strong_JJ  pre-Muslim_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  Malay_JJ  literature_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cycle_NN  of_IO  some_DD  forty_MC  tales_NNS  enacted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow-plays_NNS  of_IO  Java_NP  ,_,  Bali_NP  ,_,  Malaya_NP  ,_,  Siam_NP  and_CC  Cambodia_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  hero_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Javanese_JJ  prince_NN  Sri_NP  Panji_NP  and_CC  heroine_NN  Chandra_NP  Kirana_NP  ,_,  moon-beam_NN  .  
  some_DD  are_VBR  preserved_VBN  in_IO  Kelantan_NP  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  shadow-plays_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  Kelantan_NP  tale_NN  is_VBZ  typical_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  god_NN  Indra_NP  sentences_VBZ  a_AT1  heavenly_JJ  nymph_NN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  an_AT1  illicit_JJ  love_NN  affair_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  mortal_NN  and_CC  be_VB0  murdered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  Javanese_JJ  queen_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  heaven_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  descends_VBZ  and_CC  becomes_VBZ  incarnate_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Javanese_JJ  headman_NN  .  
  a_AT1  prince_NN  hunting_VBG  sees_VBZ  her_PPHO1  and_CC  weds_VBZ  her_PPHO1  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  betrothed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  princess_NN  .  
  his_APP$  mother_NN  mad_JJ  with_IO  rage_NN  stabs_VBZ  the_AT1  girl_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  sleep_NN  ,_,  whereupon_CS  she_PPHO1  returns_VBZ  a_AT1  nymph_NN  in_IO  heaven_NN  .  
  as_CS  always_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  horse-play_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  prince's_NN1$  followers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  deified_JJ  ancestors_NNS  turned_VBN  by_IO  Hinduism_NN1  into_IO  clowns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Panji_NP  cycle_NN  influences_VBZ  the_AT1    Malay_JJ  annals_NNS    and_CC  inspired_VVD  the_AT1  only_DA  original_JJ  Malay_JJ  romance_NN  before_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Hang_NP  Tuah_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  lucky_JJ  Captain_NNSB1  whose_PNQV$  exploits_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  myth_NN  and_CC  history_NN  found_VBN  in_IO  Indian_JJ  and_CC  Javanese_JJ  literature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  and_CC  include_VV0  an_AT1  apochryphal_JJ  trip_NN  to_IO  Istanbul_NP  .  
  Virginia_NP  Woolf's_PPIO2  analysis_NN  of_IO  Sidney's_PPIO2  Arcadia_NP  fits_VBZ  exactly_RR  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  Panji_NP  tales_NNS  but_CCB  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Malay_JJ  romances_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  a_AT1  jumble_NN  of_IO  Hindu_JJ  folklore_NN  and_CC  mythology_NN  ,_,  Panji_NP  episodes_NNS  ,_,  allusions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  heroes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Shahnameh_NP  ,_,  incidents_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Alexander_NP  legend_NN  ,_,  references_NNS  to_IO  Baghdad_NP  ,_,  Medinah_NP  ,_,  Egypt_NP  and_CC  Byzantium_NP  and_CC  even_RR  expositions_NNS  of_IO  Sufi_NP  mysticism_NN  .  
    Sidney_NP    writes_VBZ  Virginia_NP  Woolf_NP  ,_,    had_VHD  no_AT1  notion_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  set_VVD  out_RP  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  .  
  telling_VBG  stories_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  enough_DD    one_MC1  could_VM  follow_VV0  another_DD1  interminably_RR  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  end_NN  in_IO  view_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  direction_NN  to_TO  draw_VV0  us_PPIO2   on_RP  .  
  nor_CC  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  scheme_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  his_APP$  characters_NNS  simply_RR  bad_JJ  and_CC  simply_RR  good_JJ  without_IO  distinction_NN  ,_,  can_VM  he_PPHO1  gain_VV0  variety_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  complexity_NN  of_IO  character_NN  .  
  to_TO  supply_VV0  change_NN  and_CC  movement_NN  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  recourse_NN  to_IO  mystification_NN  .  
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  of_IO  dress_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  disguises_NNS  of_IO  princes_NNS  as_IO  peasants_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  men_NNS  as_IO  women_NNS  ,_,  serve_VV0  instead_RR  of_IO  psychological_JJ  subtilty_NN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  stagnancy_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  collected_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  nothing_PN1  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  charm_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  childish_JJ  device_NN  falls_VBZ  flat_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  breath_NN  to_TO  fill_VV0  the_AT1  sails_NNS  .  
  who_PNQS  is_VBZ  talking_VBG  and_CC  to_IO  whom_WPOI  and_CC  about_IO  what_DDQ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  no_RR  longer_RRR  feel_VV0  sure_JJ  .    
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  romances_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  apart_IO  from_II  any_DD  Javanese_JJ  additions_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  come_VV0  from_IO  India_NP  ,_,  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  translated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  others_DA2  in_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  and_CC  17th_MD  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  Indraputra_NP  was_VBDZ  condemned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rubbish_NN  heap_NN  in_IO  1634_MC  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  Ramayana_NP  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  last_DA  romances_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  were_VBDR  translated_VBN  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  19th_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  modern_JJ  Malay_NN1  views_VBZ  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  of_IO  Virginia_NP  Woolf_NP  and_CC  today_NN1  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  of_IO  interest_NN  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  folklorist_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  linguist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  missionaries_NNS  of_IO  Islam_NN1  had_VHD  to_TO  provide_VV0  romances_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ramayana_NP  and_CC  Mahabharata_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  popular_JJ  Panji_NP  tales_NNS  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  pseudo-Callisthenes_JB  story_NN  of_IO  Alexander_NP  the_AT1  Great_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  warrior_NN  missionary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  faith_NN  of_IO  Abraham_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  precursor_NN  of_IO  Mohamed_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Malays_NP2  in_IO  a_AT1  translation_NN  almost_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  Islam_NN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Megat_NP  Iskandar_NP  in_IO  14th_MD  century_NN  Pasai_NP  and_CC  soon_RR  after_IO  1400_MC  the_AT1  first_MD  Muslim_JJ  ruler_NN  of_IO  Malacca_NP  changed_VVD  his_APP$  Hindu_JJ  title_NN  of_IO  Parameswara_NP  for_IO  Sultan_NNSB1  Iskandar_NP  Shah_NNSB1  .  
  several_DA  Malay_JJ  manuscripts_NNS  name_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Arabic_JJ  version_NN  Al-Suri_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS cites_VBZ  as_IO  his_APP$  authority_NN  Abdullah_NP  ibn_&FW  Al-Mustafa_NP  translator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pahlavi_NP  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kalila_NP  wa_&FW  Dimna_NP  .  
  from_IO  its_APP$  early_JJ  date_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  compilation_NN  from_IO  Persian_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Arabic_JJ  sources_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  Hikayat_NP  Iskandar_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  derived_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  Perso-Arabic_JJ  source_NN  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  Malacca's_PPIO2  first_MD  ruler_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  in_IO  1424_MC  knew_VVD  the_AT1  Hikayat_NP  .  
  the_AT1  15th_MD  century_NN  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Malay_JJ  annals_NNS    borrows_VBZ  anecdotes_NNS  from_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  also_RR  mentions_VBZ  the_AT1  Hikayat_NP  Amir_NP  Hamza_NP  and_CC  Hikayat_NP  Hanafiah_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  a_AT1  direct_JJ  translation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Persian_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  latter_DA  having_VHG  Shi'ah_NP  colouring_NN  and_CC  quoting_VBG  a_AT1  Persian_JJ  verse_NN  .  
  another_DD1  Malay_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  Persian_JJ  origin_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Joseph_NP  and_CC  Zulaikha_NP  ,_,  namely_RR  Potiphar's_PPIO2  wife_NN  .  
  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  Malay_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Hikayat_NP  Bayan_NP  Budiman_NP  ,_,  or_CC  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wise_JJ  parrot_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cycle_NN  of_IO  tales_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  frame_NN  story_NN  ,_,  where_CS every_AT1  night_NN  the_AT1  parrot_NN  dissuades_VBZ  his_APP$  mistress_NN  from_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  meet_NN  a_AT1  lover_NN  by_IO  diverting_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  tales_NNS  .  
  ultimately_RR  this_DD1  cycle_NN  of_IO  stories_NNS  comes_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  Sanskrit_NP  but_CCB  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  version_NN  claims_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  from_IO  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  Tutinameh_NP  .  
  three_MC  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  text_NN  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  ascribed_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  Kadli_NP  Hassan_NP  and_CC  twice_RR  a_AT1  date_NN  ,_,  \0A.D_RR  1371_MC  is_VBZ  given_VBN  .  
  its_APP$  excellent_JJ  style_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  into_IO  Malay_NN1  in_IO  15th_MD  century_NN  Malacca_NP  and_CC  the_AT1    Malay_JJ  annals_NNS    tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   how_CS the_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Malaccan_JJ  Laksamana_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Admiral_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  named_VBN  Sabariah_NP    patience_NC2    almost_RR  certainly_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  celebrated_JJ  character_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wise_JJ  parrot_NN  .  
  another_DD1  cycle_NN  of_IO  tales_NNS  ,_,  called_VBN  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Bakhtiar_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  translated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Persian_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  Persian_JJ  work_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  in_IO  \0A.D_RR  1203_MC  and_CC  later_RRR  done_VBN  into_IO  Arabic_NN1  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  recension_NN  are_VBR  derived_VBN  two_MC  Malay_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hikayat_NP  Bakhtiar_NP  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  Arabic_NN1  comes_VBZ  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  Hikayat_NP  Ghulam_NP  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Malays_NP2  could_VM  borrow_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  from_IO  the_AT1  Persian_NN1  and_CC  yet_RR  remain_VV0  orthodox_JJ  Sunnites_NP2  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  of_IO  Shafi'i_NP  is_VBZ  explained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Turkish_JJ  and_CC  Mongol_JJ  rulers_NNS  of_IO  Persia_NP  between_IO  1000_MC  and_CC  1500_MC  being_VBG  also_RR  Sunnites_NP2  .  
  and_CC  during_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  the_AT1  Persian_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  Malay_JJ  literature_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  from_IO  India_NP  but_CCB  from_IO  Persians_NP2  themselves_PPX2  .  
  in_IO  1336_MC  Ibn_NP  Batuta_NP  records_VBZ  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  several_DA  Persians_NP2  all_DB  Shafi'ites_NP2  at_IO  the_AT1  Pasai_NP  court_NN  .  
  a_AT1  tomb_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  little_JJ  Sumatran_JJ  state_NN  bears_VBZ  an_AT1  inscription_NN  from_IO  Sa'di_NP  and_CC  half_DB  a_AT1  century_NN  later_RRR  there_EX  were_VBDR  theologians_NNS  living_VBG  in_IO  Pasai_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  Transoxana_NP  and_CC  Khorassan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1,000_MC  questions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fullest_JJT  version_NN  extant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  Europe_NP  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  Arab_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  Islam_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  two_MC  old_JJ  Persian_JJ  recensions_NNS  and_CC  contains_VBZ  many_DA  references_NNS  to_IO  places_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  Caspian_NP  sea_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  Shi'ah_NP  colouring_NN  .  
  when_CS Persians_NP2  became_VVD  Shi'ahs_NP2  ,_,  Sayids_NP2  from_IO  Mecca_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Hadramant_NP  gradually_RR  took_VVD  their_APP$  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  theological_JJ  works_NNS  translated_VBN  from_IO  orthodox_JJ  Arabic_JJ  originals_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Persian_JJ  influence_NN  lingered_VVD  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  stories_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  prophet_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  Shi'ah_NP  tinge_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  the_AT1  tale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nur_NP  Muhammad_NP  or_CC  mystical_JJ  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prophet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  splitting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prophet's_NN1$  shaving_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
  one_MC1  manuscript_NN  of_IO  1688_MC  calls_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  an_AT1  abridgement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Persian_JJ  Rauzat_NP  al-ahbab_&FW  or_CC  paradise_NN  of_IO  lovers_NNS  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  capture_NN  of_IO  Malacca_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  in_IO  1511_MC  the_AT1  mastery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  world_NN  passed_VVD  to_IO  Acheh_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  frequented_VBN  by_IO  missionaries_NNS  from_IO  Mecca_NP  ,_,  Yemen_NP  ,_,  Egypt_NP  and_CC  Syria_NP  whose_PNQV$  names_NNS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  and_CC  who_PNQS found_VVD  pupils_NNS  eager_JJ  to_TO  study_VV0  Islamic_JJ  mysticism_NN  .  
  works_NNS  of_IO  pure_JJ  literature_NN  fell_VVD  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  out_RP  of_IO  fashion_NN  as_CS  Arab_JJ  influence_NN  supplanted_VVD  Persian_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  still_RR  Persian_JJ  influence_NN  lingered_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  Malay_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Panchatantra_NP  or_CC  Bidpai's_PPIO2  fables_NNS  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  historian_NN  Valentyn_NP  in_IO  1726_MC  and_CC  from_IO  its_APP$  poor_JJ  Malay_NN1  and_CC  Sumatran_JJ  style_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  translated_VBN  at_IO  Acheh_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  through_IO  some_DD  Indian_JJ  original_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  12th_MD  century_NN  Persian_JJ  recension_NN  of_IO  Nasr_NP  Allah_NP  as_CS  amended_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  century_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anwar-i_NP  Suhaili_NP  or_CC  lights_NNS  of_IO  canopus_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ethical_JJ  treatise_NN    the_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  kings_NNS    compiled_VBN  at_IO  Bokhara_NP  and_CC  done_VBN  into_IO  Malay_NN1  in_IO  1603_MC  and_CC  therefore_RR  almost_RR  certainly_RR  at_IO  Acheh_NP  .  
  the_AT1  verses_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  miscellany_NN  are_VBR  all_DB  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  Persian_JJ  prosody_NN  .  
  among_IO  Persian_JJ  works_NNS  cited_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  are_VBR  the_AT1  Siyar_NP  ul_&FW  Muluk_NP  compiled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Vizier_NNSB1  Nizam_NP  ul_&FW  Muluk_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  verse_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  secrets_NNS  of_IO  Attar_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  romances_NNS  of_IO  Mahmud_NP  and_CC  Ayaz_NP  and_CC  Shirin_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Yusuf_NP  and_CC  Zulaikha_NP  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  acknowledges_VBZ  indebtedness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Anwar_NP  i_&FW  Suhaili_NP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  coming_NN  of_IO  Arabs_NP2  from_IO  the_AT1  Hadramant_NP  and_CC  with_IO  Malays_NP2  studying_VBG  in_IO  Mecca_NP  and_CC  later_RRR  in_IO  Cairo_NP  ,_,  Indo-Persian_JJ  belles-lettres_NN  gave_VVD  way_NN  to_IO  theology_NN  ,_,  even_RR  the_AT1  Arabian_JJ  nights_NNS  not_XX  being_VBG  translated_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  19th_MD  century_NN  and_CC  then_RL  from_IO  the_AT1  English_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  Malay_JJ  theology_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  vast_JJ  a_AT1  subject_NN  to_TO  handle_VV0  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  Thucydides_NP  ,_,  Gibbon_NP  and_CC  Macaulay_NP  before_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  risk_VV0  the_AT1  contempt_NN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  modern_JJ  practitioners_NNS  and_CC  count_VV0  history_NN  a_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  literature_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  original_JJ  and_CC  best_JJT  prosework_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Malays_NP2  .  
  and_CC  just_RR  as_CS  artistry_NN  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  alive_JJ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  great_JJ  historians_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  when_CS countless_JJ  others_DA2  are_VBR  forgotten_VBN  or_CC  consulted_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  specialists_NNS  ,_,  so_RR  artistry_NN  puts_VBZ  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  15th_MD  century_NN    annals_NNS    above_IO  all_DB  other_DA  Malay_JJ  histories_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  Malay_JJ  history_NN  .  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  is_VBZ  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rulers_NNS  of_IO  Pasai_NP  (_(  a_AT1  small_JJ  extinct_JJ  Sumatran_JJ  state_NN  )_)  written_VBN  after_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  time_NN  for_IO  Arabic_JJ  loan-words_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  adopted_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  Malay_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  containing_VBG  one_MC1  Arabic_JJ  loan-word_NN  not_XX  met_VBN  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  Malay_NN1  asfa_&FW    reef_NN  ,_,  gold_NN  reef_NN  .    
  Islam_NN1  reached_VVD  northern_JJ  Sumatra_NP  late_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  century_NN  and_CC  Pasai's_PPIO2  first_MD  Muslim_JJ  ruler_NN  died_VBN  in_IO  1297_MC  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  Anthony_NP  Powell_NP  .  
  in_IO  introducing_VBG  Jocelyn_NP  Brooke's_PPIO2  investigation_NN  of_IO  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  not_XX  pick_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  plums_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  essay_NN  by_IO  naming_VBG  the_AT1  many_DA  points_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  enjoyed_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  proper_JJ  place_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  aspects_NNS  of_IO  Brooke's_PPIO2  approach_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  attention_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  (_(  like_IO  myself_PPX1  )_)  a_AT1  warm_JJ  admirer_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  great_JJ  writers_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  love_NN  ,_,  not_XX  hate_NN  .  
  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  far_RR  more_RG  valuable_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  place_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  completely_RR  informal_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  views_NNS  are_VBR  expressed_VBN  just_RR  as_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  over_IO  the_AT1  dinner_NN  table_NN  .  
  to_TO  write_VV0  literary_JJ  criticism_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  as_RG  easy_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  .  
  to_TO  discuss_VV0  writers_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  easy_JJ  ,_,  conversational_JJ  style_NN  ,_,  dealing_VBG  with_IO  important_JJ  topics_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  moment_NN  ,_,  trivial_JJ  at_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  delightful_JJ  gift_NN  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  gets_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  core_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS more_RG  formal_JJ  articles_NNS  never_RR  manage_VV0  to_TO  attain_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  almost_RR  everything_PN1  Jocelyn_NP  Brooke_NP  says_VBZ  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  should_VM  myself_PPX1  place_VV0  a_AT1  wider_JJ  gulf_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  writers_NNS  ,_,  Proust_NP  seeming_VBG  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  possess_VV0  greatly_RR  superior_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  essential_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  novelist_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  interested_JJ  in_IO  people_NNS  .  
  Proust_NP  comes_VBZ  through_IO  this_DD1  test_NN  with_IO  flying_JJ  colours_NNS  ;_;  Joyce_NP  gets_VBZ  held_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  special_JJ  preoccupations_NNS  .  
  if_CS  Joyce_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  about_IO  anything_PN1    and_CC  vast_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  experience_NN  are_VBR  completely_RR  alien_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1    he_PPHO1  usually_RR  sneers_VBZ  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  tire_VV0  of_IO  Proust's_PPIO2  determination_NN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  every_AT1  character_NN  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  about_IO  should_VM  be_VB0  homosexual_JJ  or_CC  of_IO  his_APP$  obsession_NN  with_IO  jealousy_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  these_DD2  King_NNSB1  Charles's_PPIO2  heads_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  continues_VBZ  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  everything_PN1  and_CC  everybody_PN1  fascinated_VVD  him_PPHO1    perhaps_RR  at_IO  times_NNS  too_RG  much_RR  .  
  Gissing_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  ask_VV0      has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  starved_VBN  .    when_CS a_AT1  novelist_NN  was_VBDZ  named_VBN  ,_,  implying_VBG  starvation_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  sine_&FW  qua_&FW  non_&FW  of_IO  effective_JJ  writing_NN  .  
  Joyce_NP  did_VDD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  starve_VV0  ;_;  Proust_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  except_CS  when_CS the_AT1  waiters_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Ritz_NP  were_VBDR  inattentive_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  Proust_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  futility_NN  of_IO  Gissing's_PPIO2  question_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  should_VM  prefer_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  :_:  
    does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  put_VV0  over_RP  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  sets_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  .    
  here_RL  ,_,  both_DB2  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  successful_JJ  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  this_DD1  done_VBN  .  
  Brooke_NP  maintains_VBZ    and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  disagree_VV0    that_CS  Proust_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1    bad_JJ    novelist_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  narrative_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Joyce_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  dull_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  Brooke's_PPIO2  arguments_NNS  and_CC  instances_NNS  are_VBR  undeniable_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  exactly_RR  say_VV0  how_CS certain_JJ  things_NNS  are_VBR    put_VBN  over_RP    in_IO  a_AT1  novel_NN  .  
  there_EX  exists_VBZ  the_AT1  mystery_NN  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  works_NNS  of_IO  Joyce_NP  and_CC  Proust_NP  were_VBDR  pruned_VBN  of_IO  their_APP$  obvious_JJ  faults_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  they_PPHS2  remain_VV0  of_IO  equal_JJ  stature_NN  .  
  Brooke_NP  observes_VBZ  that_CS  both_DB2  writers_NNS  were_VBDR  regarded_VBN  thirty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  as_CS  immensely_RR  daring_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  their_APP$  innovations_NNS  of_IO  style_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  at_IO  all_DB  that_CS  their_APP$  fame_NN  owes_VBZ  something_PN1  to_IO  this_DD1  sexual_JJ  emancipation_NN  of_IO  language_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  might_VM  paraphrase_VV0  Nietzsche_NP  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  a_AT1  good_JJ  novel_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  justified_VVD  some_DD  obscenity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  good_JJ  obscenity_NN  often_RR  justified_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  bad_JJ  novel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  highbrows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  how_CS a_AT1  novelist_NN  like_IO  Galsworthy_NP  would_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  some_DD  sudden_JJ  illness_NN  or_CC  accident_NN  produced_VBN  a_AT1  psychological_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  resulting_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  subjects_NNS  then_RL  regarded_VBN  as_CS  forbidden_VBN  .  
  supposing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Forsyte_NP  saga_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  Irene_NP  leaving_VBG  Soames_NP  for_IO  Bosiney_NP  ,_,  Soames_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  Irene_NP  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  same_DA  young_JJ  architect_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  verdict_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS now_RL  deplore_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  rightly_RR  deplore_VV0  ,_,  Galsworthy's_PPIO2  lack_NN  of_IO  psychology_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  cardboard_NN  characters_NNS  .  
  would_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  been_VBN  hailed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  novelist_NN  who_PNQS saw_VVD  beneath_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  question_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  there_RL  we_PPIS2  enter_VV0  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  vast_JJ  speculation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  say_VV0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  to_TO  recommend_VV0  Jocelyn_NP  Brooke's_PPIO2  trial_NN  of_IO  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  serious_JJ  charge_NN  of_IO  chronic_JJ  literary_JJ  imperfection_NN  .  
  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prosecution_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  Combray_NP  and_CC  Rathmines_NP  .  
  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  :_:  their_APP$  names_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  today_NN1  ,_,  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  bracketed_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  thirty-odd_JB  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  conjunction_NN  was_VBDZ  commoner_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  chiefly_RR  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  because_CS    for_IO  the_AT1  generation_NN  which_DDQ  grew_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  twenties_MC2    they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  without_IO  question_NN  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  literary_JJ  figures_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  association_NN  may_VM  seem_VV0  surprising_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  surely_RR  no_AT1  two_MC  writers_NNS  could_VM  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  dissimilar_JJ  ,_,  either_LE  as_IO  artists_NNS  or_CC  as_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  Ulysses_NP  has_VHZ  little_DA  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  a_&FW  la_&FW  recherche_&FW  du_&FW  temps_&FW  perdu_&FW  ,_,  still_RR  less_DA  has_VHZ  the_AT1  lower_JJ  middle-class_JJ  Dubliner_NN1  ,_,  brought_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  poverty_NN  and_CC  squalor_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  French_JJ  rentier_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prote*?2ge*?2_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Faubourg_NP  Saint_NNSB1  Germain_NP  .  
  so_RG  wholly_RR  disparate_JJ  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  as_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  on_IO  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  occasion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  did_VDD  actually_RR  meet_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  encounter_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  anything_PN1  but_IO  a_AT1  success_NN  .  
  yet_RR  for_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  dissimilarity_NN  ,_,  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  more_DA  in_IO  common_NN  than_CS  one_MC1  might_VM  suppose_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  bracket_VV0  their_APP$  names_NNS  together_RR  is_VBZ  less_RG  unjustified_JJ  than_CS  appears_VBZ  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  .  
  both_DB2  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  revolutionary_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  work_NN  revealed_VVD  new_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  mind_NN  and_CC  of_IO  man_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  both_DB2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  technical_JJ  innovators_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Proust_NP  his_APP$  innovations_NNS  were_VBDR  mainly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  narrative_NN  and_CC  construction_NN  (_(  for_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  stylistic_JJ  complexity_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  basically_RR  faithful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  traditions_NNS  of_IO  French_JJ  prose_NN  )_)  ,_,  whereas_CS  Joyce_NP  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  incredibly_RR  ingenious_JJ  and_CC  daring_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  at_RR  last_RR  to_TO  invent_VV0  a_AT1  brand-new_JJ  language_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  both_DB2  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  attempted_VVD  to_TO  portray_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  works_NNS  the_AT1  totality_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  experience_NN  :_:  to_TO  write_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  Come*?2die_&FW  Humaine_&FW  ;_;  though_CS  Ulysses_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  human_JJ  comedy_NN  seen_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  telescope_NN    or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  Aldous_NP  Huxley's_PPIO2  typewriter_NN  once_RR  brilliantly_RR  expressed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1    human_JJ  vomedy_NN    .  
  in_IO  both_DB2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  ambition_NN  was_VBDZ  partially_RR  frustrated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  shared_JJ  egocentricity_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  neurotic_JJ  self-absorption_NN  hitherto_RR  unparalleled_JJ  among_IO  great_JJ  writers_NNS  .  
  for_IO  Joyce_NP  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  for_IO  Proust_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1    I_PPIS1    ,_,  the_AT1  moi_&FW  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ultimately_RR  concerned_VBN  :_:  both_DB2  were_VBDR  autobiographers_NNS  for_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  objective_JJ  world_NN  about_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  subordinated_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  specialized_JJ  and_CC  highly_RR  subjective_JJ  mental_JJ  attitudes_NNS  .  
  for_IO  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  this_DD1  intense_JJ  self-absorption_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  result_VV0  ,_,  finally_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  partial_JJ  insanity_NN  ,_,  aggravated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  case_NN  by_IO  chronic_JJ  asthma_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  by_IO  near-blindness_NN  and_CC  alcoholism_NN  .  
  with_IO  Proust_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  insanity_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  maniacal_JJ  obsession_NN  with_IO  sexual_JJ  jealousy_NN  ;_;  with_IO  Joyce_NP  (_(  the_AT1  purer_JJ  artist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  )_)  ,_,  his_APP$  reason_NN  foundered_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  morass_NN  of_IO  over-elaborated_JJ  verbal_JJ  techniques_NNS  and_CC  private_JJ  jokes_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  ,_,  finally_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  obsessed_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  inordinate_JJ  degree_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  with_IO  Proust_NP  ,_,  le_&FW  temps_&FW  perdu_&FW  is_VBZ  the_AT1  eponymous_JJ  hero_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  novel_NN  ;_;  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  though_CS  remaining_VBG  intellectually_RR  alert_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  virtually_RR  lost_VVD  contact_NN    save_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  superficial_JJ  level_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  world_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  thirty-three_MC  .  
  in_IO  Joyce's_PPIO2  case_NN  the_AT1  retreat_NN  from_IO  present_JJ  reality_NN  was_VBDZ  earlier_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  more_RG  uncompromising_JJ  :_:  after_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  of_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  1904_MC  (_(  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  twenty-two_MC  )_)  ,_,  his_APP$  whole_JJ  attention_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  artist_NN  became_VVD  concentrated_VBN  ,_,  exclusively_RR  and_CC  obsessively_RR  ,_,  upon_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  Dublin_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  nineties_MC2  and_CC  the_AT1  early_JJ  nineteen-hundreds_MC2  ,_,  with_IO  special_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  naive_JJ  and_CC  limited_JJ  preoccupations_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  boyhood_NN  and_CC  adolescence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  hardly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  going_VBG  too_RG  far_RR  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  similarities_NNS  between_IO  Proust_NP  and_CC  Joyce_NP  ,_,  considered_VBN  as_IO  psychological_JJ  types_NNS  ,_,  outweigh_VV0  their_APP$  differences_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  habitual_JJ  bracketing_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  names_NNS  had_VHD  ,_,  a_AT1  generation_NN  ago_RR    and_CC  perhaps_RR  has_VHZ  still_RR    a_AT1  more_RG  cogent_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  respectable_JJ  explanation_NN  :_:  namely_RR  ,_,  that_CS  both_DB2  writers_NNS  had_VHD  acquired_VBN  a_AT1  reputation_NN  for_IO  obscenity_NN  and_CC    immorality_NN  .    
  to_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  today_NN1  this_DD1  must_VM  seem_VV0  scarcely_RR  credible_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  forget_VV0  how_CS profoundly_RR  the_AT1  climate_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  opinion_NN  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  thirty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Proust_NP  the_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO    obscenity_NN    must_VM  seem_VV0  particularly_RR  surprising_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  la_&FW  recherche_&FW  is_VBZ  seldom_RR  obscene_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  crude_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  the_AT1  fact_NN  remains_VBZ  that_CS  Proust_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  important_JJ  novelist_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  extensively_RR  and_CC  in_IO  detail_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  then_RL  forbidden_JJ  subject_NN  of_IO  homosexuality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  1922_MC  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  Sodome_&FW  et_&FW  Gomorrhe_&FW  was_VBDZ  attended_VBN  by_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  scandal_NN  .  
  (_(  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  Scott_NP  Moncrieffs'_PPIO2  translation_NN  was_VBDZ  delayed_VBN  until_IO  1929_MC  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  edition_NN  ,_,  issued_VBN  not_XX  by_IO  Chatto_NP  and_CC  Windus_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  published_VBN  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  volumes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  courageous_JJ  American_JJ  firm_NN  of_IO  Alfred_NP  Knopf_NP  .  )_)  
  Joyce_NP  is_VBZ  another_DD1  matter_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  can_VM  scarcely_RR  be_VB0  denied_VBN  that_CS  Ulysses_NP    judged_VBN  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  far_RR  laxer_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  today_NN1    is_VBZ  defiantly_RR  and_CC  in_IO  every_AT1  possible_JJ  sense_NN  obscene_JJ  .  
  personally_RR  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  home_NN1  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  impose_VV0  no_AT1  restrictions_NNS  whatsoever_DDQ  in_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  rules_NNS  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  imposed_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  then_RL  Ulysses_NP  must_VM  surely_RR  top_VV0  the_AT1  list_NN  in_IO  any_DD  Index_&FW  Expurgatorius_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  obtainable_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  (_(  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  century_NN  )_)  makes_VBZ  nonsense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  regulations_NNS  .  
  that_CS  its_APP$  obscenity_NN  is_VBZ  aesthetically_RR  justified_VBN  may_VM  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  this_DD1  a_AT1  doubtful_JJ  point_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  obscene_JJ  it_PPH1  undoubtedly_RR  is_VBZ  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  any_DD  act_NN  which_DDQ  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  define_VV0  so_RG  equivocal_JJ  a_AT1  term_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  Joyce_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  least_RG  pornographic_JJ  of_IO  writers_NNS  :_:  nobody_PN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  imagine_VV0  ,_,  has_VHZ  ever_RR  been_VBN  thrown_VBN  into_IO  transports_NNS  of_IO  sexual_JJ  excitement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1    obscene_JJ    passages_NNS  in_IO  Ulysses_NP  ,_,  though_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  never_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  sure_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  book_NN  ,_,  however_CS harmless_JJ  by_IO  intention_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  capable_JJ  of_IO  provoking_VBG  an_AT1  erotic_JJ  thrill_NN  in_IO  somebody_PN1  .  
  (_(  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  people_NNS  who_PNQS find_VV0  Bulldog_NP  Drummond_NP  far_RR  more_RG  exciting_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  than_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chatterley's_PPIO2  lover_NN  ;_;  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  Lawrence_NP  himself_PPX1  profess_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  Jane_NP  Eyre_NP  revoltingly_RR    pornographic_JJ    .  )_)  
  if_CS  Joyce_NP  ,_,  in_IO  revising_VBG  Ulysses_NP  ,_,  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  omit_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  flagrant_JJ  obscenities_NNS  (_(  most_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  are_VBR  incidental_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  form_VV0  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  )_)  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  left_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  experimental_JJ  novel_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  doubtless_RR  have_VH0  created_VBN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  stir_NN  in_IO  avant-garde_NN  circles_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  would_VM  Joyce's_PPIO2  reputation_NN  ,_,  in_IO  such_DA  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  survived_VBN  his_APP$  lifetime_NN    and_CC  survived_VBN  (_(  one_MC1  might_VM  add_VV0  )_)  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  Finnegans_PPIO2  wake_NN  .  
  would_VM  Ulysses_NP  and_CC  Finnegan_NP  have_VH0  provided_VBN    as_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN    a_AT1  perpetual_JJ  and_CC  profitable_JJ  stamping-ground_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  writers_NNS  of_IO  \0Ph.D_NNSB1  theses_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  ,_,  myself_PPX1  ,_,  rather_RR  doubt_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  if_CS  Proust's_PPIO2  treatment_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  as_RG  orthodox_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  Galsworthy_NP  ,_,  a_&FW  la_&FW  recherche_&FW  du_&FW  temps_&FW  perdu_&FW  would_VM  still_RR  remain_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  novel_NN  ;_;  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  compares_VBZ  Swann_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  jeunes_&FW  filles_&FW    in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  homosexuality_NN  remains_VBZ  latent_JJ    with_IO  the_AT1  shoddiness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  volumes_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  even_RR  greater_JJ  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  a_&FW  la_&FW  recherche_&FW  without_IO  Charlus_NP  ;_;  yet_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  arguable_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  Proust_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  Charlus_NP  a_AT1  womanizer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Albertine_NP  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  normal_JJ  heterosexual_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  novel_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  qua_IO  novel_NN  ,_,  neither_LE  better_JJ  nor_CC  worse_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  would_VM  it_PPH1  ,_,  one_MC1  wonders_VBZ  ,_,  have_VH0  created_VBN  quite_RR  so_RG  much_DA  stir_NN  as_CS  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  did_VDD  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  my_APP$  doubts_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  writers_NNS    no_AT1  doubt_NN  lacking_VBG  this_DD1  adventitious_JJ  appeal_NN    would_VM  have_VH0  enjoyed_VBN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  re*?2clame_&FW  in_IO  literary_JJ  circles_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  neither_LE  ,_,  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  attained_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  celebrity_NN  which_DDQ  each_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  achieved_VVD  during_IO  his_APP$  lifetime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  survives_VBZ  to_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  twenties_MC2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  sexual_JJ  emancipation_NN  ,_,  Havelock_NP  Ellis_NP  and_CC  Freud_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  done_VBN  their_APP$  work_NN  for_IO  nothing_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  went_VVD  without_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  enlightened_JJ  persons_NNS  should_VM  fly_VV0  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  motives_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  serious_JJ  writer_NN  who_PNQS treated_VVD  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  sex_NN  with_IO  greater_JJ  freedom_NN  than_IO  his_APP$  predecessors_NNS  .  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  disparaged_VBN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  contain_VV0  little_DA  that_PNQS is_VBZ  unusual_JJ  in_IO  harmony_NN  or_CC  design_NN  ,_,  for_IO  Handel's_PPIO2  best_JJT  work_NN  is_VBZ  fully_RR  evident_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  general_JJ  style_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  movement_NN  looks_VBZ  conventional_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  score-reading_JB  eye_NN  .  
  the_AT1  few_DA  movements_NNS  in_IO  \0Op_NN  3_MC  which_DDQ  strike_VV0  us_PPIO2   as_CS  uniquely_RR  Handelian_JJ  are_VBR  not_XX  those_DD2  in_IO  the_AT1  grand_JJ  manner_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  best_JJT  dances_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  \0Op_NN  3_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  charming_JJ  movements_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  the_AT1  first_MD  audiences_NNS  probably_RR  found_VVD  impressive_JJ  .  
  particularly_RR  attractive_JJ  are_VBR  the_AT1  sarabande_NN  which_DDQ  forms_VBZ  the_AT1  middle_JB  movement_NN  of_IO  \0no_NN  1_MC1  (_(  the_AT1  only_DA  movement_NN  with_IO  flute_NN  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  gavotte_NN  and_CC  variations_NNS  (_(  not_XX  so_PN1  labelled_VBN  )_)  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  \0no_NN  2_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  minuets_NNS  of_IO  \0no_NN  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  manuscripts_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  works_NNS  are_VBR  lost_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  C_ZZ1  major_JJ  concerto_NN  called_VBN  by_IO  Arnold_NP    concertante_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  date_NN  25th_MD  January_NN1  1736_MC  and_CC  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  concerto_NN  in_IO  Alexander's_PPIO2  feast_NN    after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  occasion_NN  when_CS London_NP  heard_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  item_NN  in_IO  Walsh's_PPIO2  fourth_MD  collection_NN  of_IO  select_JJ  harmony_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  issued_VBN  in_IO  1741_MC  .  
  the_AT1  ripieno_NN  includes_VBZ  two_MC  oboes_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  concertino_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Corellian_JJ  string_NN  trio_NN  .  
  Walsh_NP  also_RR  published_VVD  two_MC  other_DA  Handel_NP  concertos_NNS  which_DDQ  need_VM  not_XX  detain_VV0  us_PPIO2   here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  student_NN  can_VM  find_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  \0Op_NN  3_MC  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  handy_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  Lea_NP  pocket_NN  scores_NNS  (_(  New_NP  York_NP  )_)  .  
  before_IO  doing_VBG  homage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  wonderful_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  concerti_&FW  grossi_&FW  we_PPIS2  may_VM  take_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  departure_NN  Chrysander's_PPIO2  remark_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  \0Op_NN  3_MC  concertos_NNS  show_VV0    a_AT1  bewildering_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  form_NN    .  
  if_CS    design_NN    and_CC    form_NN    are_VBR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  synonymous_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  any_DD  work_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  epigonic_JJ  should_VM  bewilder_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  Handel's_PPIO2  \0Op_NN  6_MC  should_VM  serve_VV0  a_AT1  feast_NN  of_IO  bewilderment_NN  .  
  because_CS  words_NNS  will_VM  no_RR  more_RRR  describe_VV0  the_AT1  form_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  music_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  form_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  music_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  measure_VV0  the_AT1  parts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  musical_JJ  design_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  learning_VBG  a_AT1  piece_NN  by_IO  heart_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  judge_VV0  its_APP$  form_NN  .  
  one_MC1  artist_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  excel_VV0  another_DD1  because_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  used_VBN  a_AT1  more_RG  complex_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  his_APP$  form_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  organic_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  growth_NN  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  quality_NN  and_CC  quantity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  .  
  when_CS equally_RR  sensitive_JJ  and_CC  intelligent_JJ  judges_NNS  of_IO  music_NN  have_VH0  different_JJ  opinions_NNS  concerning_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  forms_NNS  into_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  grow_VV0  ,_,  their_APP$  argument_NN  often_RR  settles_VBZ  upon_IO  design_NN    how_CS many_DA  themes_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  ,_,  how_CS many_DA  are_VBR  germs_NNS  for_IO  motivic_JJ  growth_NN  ,_,  where_CS and_CC  how_CS contrast_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  ,_,  where_CS and_CC  how_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  avoided_VBN  ,_,  whether_CS  the_AT1  themes_NNS  are_VBR  curved_JJ  or_CC  angular_JJ  ,_,  rightly_RR  or_CC  wrongly_RR  lacking_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN    and_CC  behind_IO  the_AT1  description_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  implication_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  design_NN  is_VBZ  superior_JJ  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  a_AT1  fugue_NN  with_IO  stretto_NN  superior_JJ  or_CC  inferior_JJ  to_IO  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  as_RG  effective_JJ  through_IO  well-timed_JJ  entries_NNS  between_IO  non-derived_JJ  episodes_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  too_RG  often_RR  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  form_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  relation_NN  of_IO  A_ZZ1  to_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  movement_NN  being_VBG  fine_JJ  if_CS  C_ZZ1  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  D_ZZ1  ,_,  follows_VBZ  B_ZZ1  at_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  point_NN  ;_;  sometimes_RR  this_DD1  pseudo-explanation_NN  may_VM  in_IO  fact_NN  support_VV0  truth_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  grasp_VV0  the_AT1  symbols_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  Beethoven_NP  had_VHD  neither_LE  the_AT1  education_NN  nor_CC  the_AT1  natural_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  words_NNS  explicitly_RR  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  deathbed_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  no_AT1  further_JB  need_NN  to_TO  regret_VV0  his_APP$  limitation_NN  or_CC  to_TO  cure_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Arnold_NP  volumes_NNS  of_IO  Handel_NP  which_DDQ  had_VHD  just_RR  arrived_VBN  and_CC  said_VVD  
    there_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN    .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  occasion_NN  Beethoven_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  of_IO  Handel_NP  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  composer_NN  who_PNQS ever_RR  lived_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  uncover_VV0  my_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  kneel_VV0  before_IO  his_APP$  tomb_NN  .    
  among_IO  Beethoven's_PPIO2  eccentricities_NNS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  number_VV0  that_DD1  of_IO  seeking_VBG  to_TO  impress_VV0  company_NN  by_IO  aesthetic_JJ  and_CC  musical_JJ  judgements_NNS  .  
  men_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  insight_NN  into_IO  music_NN  use_VV0  one_MC1  life_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  pursuit_NN  and_CC  lack_VV0  another_DD1  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  command_VV0  words_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS effectively_RR  communicates_VBZ  their_APP$  musical_JJ  judgement_NN  .  
  Beethoven's_PPIO2  words_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  incoherent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS we_PPIS2  grasp_VV0  their_APP$  purport_NN  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  them_PPHO1  true_JJ  .  
    ah_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_JJ  Ries_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   all_DB  in_IO  this_DD1  art_NN      Beethoven_NP  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  of_IO  Mozart_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  piano_NN  concerto_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  flatter_VV0  .  
  Mozart_NP  was_VBDZ  and_CC  still_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  master_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  particular_JJ  art_NN  .  
  Beethoven_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  Handel_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  Ku"nstler_&FW  but_CCB  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  Komponist_&FW  that_PNQS had_VHD  lived_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  right_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  existing_JJ  proofs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  \0Op_NN  6_MC  concertos_NNS  .  
  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  superb_JJ  works_NNS  the_AT1  four_MC  ,_,  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  movements_NNS  seem_VV0  like_IO  facets_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  personality_NN  ;_;  so_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  twelve_MC  essays_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  integrity_NN  comparable_JJ  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  classical_JJ  symphonies_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  concertos_NNS  embrace_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  expression_NN  that_PNQS belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  room_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  much_DA  that_PNQS belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  exclude_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  morbid_JJ  ,_,  bizarre_JJ  ,_,  extremely_RR  tragic_JJ  ,_,  directly_RR  programmatic_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ    in_RR  short_RR  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  then_RL  reserved_VBN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  words_NNS  or_CC  drama_NN  and_CC  to_TO  dignify_VV0  worship_NN  .  
  this_DD1  marvellously_RR  comprehensive_JJ  expression_NN  would_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   willing_JJ  to_TO  doff_VV0  and_CC  kneel_VV0  with_IO  Beethoven_NP  unless_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  conveyed_VBN  in_IO  sublime_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  almost_RR  perfect_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  none_PN1  bewildering_JJ  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  try_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  design_NN  .  
    the_AT1  opening_JJ  movement_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  French_JJ  overture_NN  fertilized_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  slow_JJ  introduction_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Handelian_JJ  sarabande-like_JJ  sacred_JJ  aria_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  fugato_JJ  movement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  sonata-allegro_NN  .    
  this_DD1  tells_VBZ  no_AT1  intelligent_JJ  musician_NN  anything_PN1  about_IO  Handel's_PPIO2  success_NN  or_CC  failure_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  form_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  a_AT1  sympathetic_JJ  listener_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  overture_NN  may_VM  perceive_VV0  Handel's_PPIO2  achievement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  empty_JJ  grandiosity_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  items_NNS  in_IO  Joshua_NP  or_CC  Judas_NP  Maccabeus_NP  fulfils_VBZ  designs_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  text_NN  books_NNS  called_VBN    applied_JJ  forms_NNS    and_CC    applied_JJ  strict_JJ  counterpoint_NN    ,_,  ensure_VV0  safety_NN  for_IO  any_DD  composer_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  invent_VV0  or_CC  borrow_VV0  ideas_NNS  to_TO  suit_VV0  the_AT1  designs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  opposite_NN  of_IO    applied_JJ    is_VBZ    organic_JJ    ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  organic_JJ  the_AT1  twelve_MC  concerti_&FW  grossi_&FW  are_VBR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  feats_NNS  of_IO  musical_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  well_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  Handel's_PPIO2  best_JJT  movements_NNS  defy_VV0  analysis_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  improvisatory_JJ    a_AT1  word_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  pejorative_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  listen_VV0  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  to_IO  an_AT1  improvisation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  satisfies_VBZ  us_PPIO2   if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  pleased_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  passes_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  congruous_JJ  .  
  improvisation_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  in_IO  written_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  mechanical_JJ  reproduction_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  improvisation_NN  forces_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_TO  listen_VV0  a_AT1  second_MD  and_CC  a_AT1  third_MD  time_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  like_IO  the_AT1  composer_NN  who_PNQS scrutinizes_VBZ  his_APP$  first_MD  draft_NN  and_CC  decides_VBZ  what_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  pruned_VBN  and_CC  what_DDQ  extended_VBN  .  
  sometimes_RR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  dissatisfied_JJ  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  unchecked_JJ  fancy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  improviser_NN  but_CCB  with_IO  our_APP$  recognition_NN  of_IO  pre-fabrications_NNS  ,_,    applied_JJ  forms_NNS    ,_,  modulations_NNS  and_CC  developments_NNS  introduced_VBN  exactly_RR  as_CS  in_IO  other_DA  extemporizations_NNS  .  
  to_TO  extemporize_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  preconceived_JJ  design_NN  or_CC  upon_IO  ideas_NNS  given_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  auditor_NN  is_VBZ  splendid_JJ  exercise_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  best_RR  only_RR  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  significant_JJ  artistic_JJ  expression_NN    in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  form_NN  .  
  when_CS ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  whole_JJ  written_JJ  piece_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  grown_VBN  by_IO  impulse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS both_DB2  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  growth_NN  are_VBR  of_IO  superb_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  hardly_RR  praise_VV0  it_PPH1  more_RG  highly_RR  than_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  spontaneous_JJ  throughout_II  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  sounds_VBZ  so_PN1  when_CS we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  hundredth_MD  time_NN  .  
  comparatively_RR  late_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  Handel_NP  impressed_VVD  shrewd_JJ  judges_NNS  by_IO  his_APP$  organ_NN  extemporizations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unthinkable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  and_CC  developments_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  breadth_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  his_APP$  published_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  Handel_NP  had_VHD  more_DA  ability_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  than_IO  most_DA  musicians_NNS  to_TO  extemporize_VV0  whole_JJ  sections_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  at_IO  one_MC1  hearing_NN  ,_,  seemed_VVD  organic_JJ  within_IO  a_AT1  well-proportioned_JJ  whole_NN  .  
  how_CS often_RR  in_IO  composing_VBG  the_AT1  twelve_MC  concerti_&FW  grossi_&FW  he_PPHO1  proceeded_VVD  by_IO  deliberation_NN  and_CC  how_CS often_RR  the_AT1  music_NN  welled_VVD  forth_RP  without_IO  his_APP$  conscious_JJ  control_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  never_RR  know_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  tribute_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  greatness_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  written_VBN  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  of_IO  1739_MC  ,_,  yet_CF  they_PPHS2  contain_VV0  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  careless_JJ  or_CC  hasty_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  borrowing_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  opening_NN  from_IO  Cleopatra's_PPIO2  Piangero*?3_&FW  la_&FW  sorte_&FW  mia_&FW  and_CC  another_DD1  from_IO  Semele's_PPIO2  myself_PPX1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  adore_VV0  does_VBZ  not_XX  negate_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  assertion_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  movements_NNS  are_VBR  an_AT1  exception_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  criticism_NN  that_CS  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  works_NNS  of_IO  music_NN  are_VBR  well_RR  composed_VBN  throughout_II  .  
  conscientiousness_NN  can_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  so_PN1  ;_;  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  Brahms's_PPIO2  long_JJ  movements_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  wonderful_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Handel's_PPIO2  or_CC  Beethoven's_PPIO2  .  
  fortunately_RR  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  measure_VV0  greatness_NN  entirely_RR  by_IO  achievement_NN  of_IO  form_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  rank_VV0  the_AT1  imperfect_JJ  fulfilment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  noble_JJ  ambition_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  management_NN  of_IO  trivialities_NNS  and_CC  musical_JJ  platitudes_NNS  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  single_JJ  movement_NN  in_IO  Handel's_PPIO2  \0Op_NN  6_MC  is_VBZ  pedestrian_JJ  ;_;  no_AT1  concerto_NN  fails_VBZ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  verve_NN  and_CC  joy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  composition_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  \0Op_NN  6_MC  concertos_NNS  lacked_VVD  their_APP$  distinguishing_JJ  breadth_NN  of_IO  conception_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  splendid_JJ  musical_JJ  ideas_NNS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  still_RR  differ_VV0  from_IO  Corelli's_PPIO2  for_IO  two_MC  main_JB  reasons_NNS  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  dramatic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  theatre_NN  composer_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  great_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  German-French_JJ  suite_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  admitted_VBN  that_CS  Geminiani_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  almost_RR  entirely_RR  Corellian_JJ  ,_,  occasionally_RR  achieved_VVD  Handel's_PPIO2  breadth_NN  of_IO  musical_JJ  thought_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  this_DD1  only_RR  when_CS composing_VBG  contrapuntally_RR  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  Corellian_JJ  continuation_NN  technique_NN  without_IO  motive_NN  development_NN  .  
  Handel_NP  achieves_VBZ  a_AT1  huge_JJ  breadth_NN  of_IO  musical_JJ  thought_NN  when_CS composing_VBG  almost_RR  mechanistically_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  least_RG  weighty_JJ  of_IO  styles_NNS  .  
  (_(  \0Ex_NN  83_MC  .  )_)  
  this_DD1  quotation_NN  illustrates_VBZ  a_AT1  second_MD  point_NN  ,_,  as_CS  would_VM  almost_RR  any_DD  extract_NN  of_IO  similar_JJ  length_NN  from_IO  \0Op_NN  6_MC  .  
  into_IO  the_AT1  light_JJ  figuration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  violins_NNS  erupts_VBZ  a_AT1  contrasting_JJ  idea_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  bass_NN  instruments_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  or_CC  purely_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interruption_NN    to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  development_NN  from_IO  being_VBG  too_RG  simple_JJ  and_CC  mechanical_JJ  ;_;  yet_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  not_XX  accidental_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  whole_JJ  flight_NN  reaches_VBZ  its_APP$  conclusion_NN  in_IO  four_MC  bars_NNS  of_IO  plain_JJ  ripieno_NN  harmony_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  paragraph_NN  is_VBZ  clinched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  solid_JJ  rhythm_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  interruption_NN  .  
  whether_CS  Handel_NP  planned_VVD  it_PPH1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  the_AT1  movement_NN  or_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  occurred_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  as_CS  when_CS improvising_VBG  ,_,  this_DD1  way_NN  of_IO  integrating_VBG  the_AT1  movement_NN  was_VBDZ  exactly_RR  right_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sensible_JJ  people_NNS  may_VM  call_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  symphonic_JJ  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  phrase_NN  seems_VBZ  discourteous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  justified_VBN  while_NN  critics_NNS  spoil_VV0  enthusiasm_NN  by_IO  asking_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  value_VV0  old_JJ  music_NN  if_CS  its_APP$  methods_NNS  anticipate_VV0  later_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  that_CS  some_DD  passages_NNS  by_IO  Bach_NP  are_VBR  almost_RR  atonal_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  prefigure_VV0  Scho"nberg_NP  .  
  misinterpreted_VBN  by_IO  ears_NNS  and_CC  minds_NNS  which_DDQ  inherit_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  composers_NNS  ,_,  passages_NNS  by_IO  Bach_NP  wherein_CS   horizontal_JJ    thinking_NN  temporarily_RR  dominates_VBZ  the_AT1    vertical_JJ    thinking_NN  of_IO  continuo_JJ  harmony_NN  remind_VV0  us_PPIO2   of_IO  atonal_JJ  polyphony_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  delighted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  ascendance_NN  and_CC  stimulus_NN  of_IO  discord_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  lost_VBN  to_IO  Bach_NP  (_(  and_CC  would_VM  seem_VV0  incongruous_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   )_)  unless_CS  it_PPH1  brought_VVD  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  restored_JJ  tonal_JJ  bearings_NNS  and_CC  ultimate_JJ  concord_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mere_JB  fact_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  it_PPH1  discord_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  in_IO  common_NN  between_IO  Bach_NP  and_CC  Scho"nberg_NP  except_IO  recourse_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  devices_NNS  of_IO  counterpoint_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  careful_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  pretend_VV0  that_CS  Handel's_PPIO2  movements_NNS  are_VBR  Beethovenian_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  often_RR  dramatic_JJ  ,_,  often_RR  include_VV0  passages_NNS  of_IO  motivic_JJ  development_NN  and_CC  often_RR  show_VV0  energy_NN  and_CC  urgency_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  rarely_RR  found_VBN  before_IO  Beethoven_NP  .  
    Handel_NP  points_VBZ  to_IO  Beethoven_NP    is_VBZ  a_AT1  meaningless_JJ  comment_NN  .  
  Tubal_NP  Cain_NP  points_VBZ  to_IO  Sibelius_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  accidental_JJ  that_CS  Beethoven_NP  the_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  beneath_IO  the_AT1  eccentricities_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  caused_VBN  by_IO  misfortune_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  known_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  Handel_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  like_IO  Handel_NP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  a_AT1  wild_JJ  or_CC  revolutionary_JJ  artist_NN  .  
  his_APP$  music_NN  and_CC  Handel's_PPIO2  changed_VVD  gradually_RR  from_IO  early_JJ  acceptance_NN  of_IO  inherited_JJ  designs_NNS  and_CC  styles_NNS  .  
  without_IO  alteration_NN  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  serve_VV0  their_APP$  expanding_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS we_PPIS2  set_VV0  their_APP$  first_MD  forms_NNS  beside_IO  their_APP$  last_DA  we_PPIS2  observe_VV0  a_AT1  much_RR  larger_JJ  change_NN  than_CS  between_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  last_DA  work_NN  of_IO  most_DA  revolutionary_JJ  composers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  parallel_NN  between_IO  Handel_NP  and_CC  Beethoven_NP  lies_VBZ  in_IO  their_APP$  recognition_NN  of_IO  comparable_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  similar_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  maintaining_VBG  movements_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS their_APP$  materials_NNS  suggested_VVD  energy_NN  and_CC  urgency_NN  .  
  these_DD2  qualities_NNS  in_IO  Beethoven_NP  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  their_APP$  peculiar_JJ  effect_NN  if_CS  Beethoven_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  primarily_RR  a_AT1  musical_JJ  architect_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  innate_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  symmetry_NN  and_CC  poise_NN  .  at_IO  work_NN  in_IO  opera_NN  :_:  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  producer_NN  .  
  Dennis_NP  Arundell_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  common_JJ  belief_NN  among_IO  non-technical_JJ  enthusiasts_NNS  that_CS  a_AT1  theatrical_JJ  producer_NN  is_VBZ  solely_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  movements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  actors_NNS  (_(  together_RR  with_IO  some_DD  share_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lighting_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1    lighting_NN  expert_NN    is_VBZ  not_XX  employed_VBN  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  true_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  18th-century_JB  stage-manager_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  still_RR  often_RR  partly_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  director_NN  for_IO  films_NNS  or_CC  television_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  producer_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  denotes_VBZ  a_AT1  managerial_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  an_AT1  artistic_JJ  functionary_NN  )_)  to_TO  supervise_VV0  ,_,  check_VV0  and_CC  organize_VV0  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  departments_NNS  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  artists_NNS  who_PNQS contribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  not_XX  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  play-producer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  probably_RR  even_RR  more_RG  closely_RR  consulted_VBN  on_IO  other_DA  matters_NNS  by_IO  his_APP$  organizing_JJ  management_NN  than_IO  his_APP$  film_NN  or_CC  television_NN  counterpart_NN  ;_;  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  opera-producer_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  opera_NN  managements_NNS  (_(  to_TO  judge_VV0  from_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  where_CS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  worked_VBN  or_CC  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  close_JJ  information_NN  )_)  seem_VV0  more_RRR  inclined_VBN  than_IO  ordinary_JJ  theatre_NN  managements_NNS  to_TO  choose_VV0  conductor_NN  ,_,  producer_NN  ,_,  designer_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  having_VHG  given_VBN  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  and_CC  authority_NN  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  interfere_VV0  or_CC  supervise_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  managerial_JJ  interference_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  .  
  (_(  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,    interference_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  misleading_JJ  word_NN  :_:    practical_JJ  interest_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  matter_NN  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  remarkable_JJ  that_CS  notable_JJ  theatrical_JJ  re*?2gimes_NNS  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  inspired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  supervision_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  manager_NN  (_(  think_VV0  of_IO  \0C_NP  \0B_NP  Cochran_NP  and_CC  musical_JJ  shows_NNS  ,_,  Diaghilev_NP  and_CC  ballet_NN  ,_,  Mahler_NP  and_CC  opera_NN  ,_,  Hugh_NP  Beaumont_NP  of_IO  \0H_NP  \0M_NP  Tennent_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  London_NP  theatre_NN  )_)  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  managers_NNS    with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  Mahler_NP    took_VVD  any_DD  active_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  production_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  always_RR  at_IO  hand_NN  to_TO  check_VV0  on_IO  every_AT1  detail_NN  and_CC  to_TO  solve_VV0  any_DD  problems_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  arise_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  conflicting_JJ  elements_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  united_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  a_AT1  satisfying_JJ  artistic_JJ  result_NN  .  
  in_IO  opera_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  more_DA  conflicting_JJ  elements_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  any_DD  other_DA  form_NN  of_IO  theatre_NN  entertainment_NN    orchestral_JJ  performance_NN  ,_,  vocal_JJ  performance_NN  (_(  ranging_VBG  from_IO  naturalistic_JJ  speech-song_NN  to_IO  what_DDQ  are_VBR  practically_RR  concert_NN  performances_NNS  of_IO  non-dramatic_JJ  arias_NNS  )_)  ,_,  straight_JJ  acting_NN  ,_,    melodrama_NN    (_(  in_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  sense_NN  )_)  with_IO  atmospheric_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  ballet_NN  (_(  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  to_IO  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  harmony_NN  with_IO  ,_,  music_NN  )_)  and_CC  mime_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  scene-design_NN  ,_,  scene-building_NN  ,_,  scene-shifting_NN  ,_,  costume-designing_NN  and_CC  costume-making_NN  ,_,  lighting_NN  ,_,  furniture_NN  and_CC  properties_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  responsible_JJ  should_VM  be_VB0  experts_NNS    the_AT1  conductor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  orchestral_JJ  players_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  singers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  designers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  painters_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  scene-builders_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wardrobe-master_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  electrician_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  property-master_NN    and_CC  all_DB  should_VM  be_VB0  ready_JJ  with_IO  their_APP$  expert_JJ  advice_NN  to_TO  contribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  now_RL  most_DA  experts_NNS  are_VBR  willing_JJ  collaborators_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  danger_NN  with_IO  all_DB  experts_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  often_RR  not_XX  content_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  of_IO  their_APP$  best_JJT  but_CCB  insist_VV0  on_IO  valuing_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  contribution_NN  higher_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  other_DA  experts_NNS  :_:  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  designer_NN  Inigo_NP  Jones_NP  and_CC  Ben_NP  Jonson's_PPIO2  not_XX  unreasonable_JJ  attack_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  conceit_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  where_CS the_AT1  Mahler_NP  or_CC  Diaghilev_NP  is_VBZ  invaluable_JJ  .  
  Cochran_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS checked_VVD  every_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  material_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  shows_NNS  (_(  like_IO  Bernard_NP  Delfont_NP  now_RL  )_)  ,_,  was_VBDZ  always_RR  there_RL  to_TO  appeal_VV0  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  always_RR  watching_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  step_VV0  tactfully_RR  in_RP  to_TO  prevent_VV0  trouble_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:    
  have_VH0  whatever_DDQ  rows_NNS  you_PPY  like_VV0  inside_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  together_RR  afterwards_RR  .    
  (_(  nowadays_RR  ,_,  alas_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  tendency_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  any_DD  professional_JJ  criticism_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  affront_NN  .  )_)  
  now_CS  that_CS  entertainment_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  an_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  opera_NN  managements_NNS  (_(  probably_RR  quite_RR  rightly_RR  )_)  tend_VV0  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  organization_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  personal_JJ  contact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  welding_VBG  together_RR  the_AT1  various_JJ  elements_NNS  has_VHZ  become_VBN  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  producer_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  movements_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  arranging_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  conductor_NN  can_VM  catch_VV0  the_AT1  eye_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  singer_NN  at_IO  necessary_JJ  moments_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  awkward_JJ  positions_NNS  are_VBR  avoided_VBN  for_IO  singers_NNS  during_IO  tricky_JJ  vocal_JJ  passages_NNS  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  also_RR  has_VHZ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  excellent_JJ  scene-designs_NNS  are_VBR  practical_JJ  both_DB2  for_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  lighting_NN  gives_VBZ  prominence_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  character_NN  without_IO  either_LE  falsifying_VBG  the_AT1  general_JJ  effect_NN  or_CC  dazzling_VBG  the_AT1  singer's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  unnecessarily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  striking_JJ  touches_NNS  of_IO  production_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  distract_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  leading_JJ  character_NN  or_CC  action_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  checking_VBG  the_AT1  construction_NN  and_CC  painting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scenery_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  cutting_NN  and_CC  making_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  costumes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  opera_NN  producer_NN  is_VBZ  called_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  planning_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  consulted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  designer_NN  and_CC  choreographer_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  casting_NN  of_IO  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  the_AT1  minor_JJ  roles_NNS  .  
  usually_RR  a_AT1  management_NN  confronts_VBZ  him_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  already_RR  decided_JJ  casting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  roles_NNS  (_(  though_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  a_AT1  producer_NN  refuse_VV0  a_AT1  commission_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  employment_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  an_AT1  unsuitable_JJ  principal_JB  singer_NN  )_)  .  
  about_IO  changes_NNS  of_IO  cast_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  production_NN  has_VHZ  once_RR  been_VBN  taken_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  repertory_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  consulted_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  budgeting_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  opera_NN  the_AT1  producer_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  say_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  permit_VV0  some_DD  alteration_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  planned_JJ  staging_NN  for_IO  economy's_NN1$  sake_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  myself_PPX1  never_RR  known_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  where_CS a_AT1  producer's_NN1$  ideas_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  flatly_RR  turned_VBN  down_RP  for_IO  financial_JJ  reasons_NNS  .  
  when_CS practical_JJ  work_NN  has_VHZ  begun_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  producer_NN  has_VHZ  above_IO  all_DB  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  collaborating_JJ  experts_NNS  their_APP$  heads_NNS  when_CS desirable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  check_VV0  them_PPHO1  gently_RR  but_CCB  firmly_RR    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  tactfully_RR    when_CS necessary_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  like_IO  driving_VBG  a_AT1  team_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  ,_,  high-mettled_JJ  horses_NNS  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  they_PPHS2  who_PNQS do_VD0  the_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  team_NN  used_JJ  to_IO  working_VBG  together_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  guided_VBN  .  
  how_CS often_RR  does_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  conductor_NN  wish_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  music_NN  at_IO  an_AT1    effective_JJ    pace_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  unsuitable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  conductor_NN  ,_,  like_IO  Beecham_NP  ,_,  will_VM  always_RR  listen_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  modify_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  when_CS he_PPHO1  paced_VVD  his_APP$  study_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  tempo_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  guard's_NN1$  march_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bohemian_JJ  girl_NN    after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  objected_VBN  (_(  as_IO  producer_NN  )_)  that_CS  ,_,  at_IO  his_APP$  original_JJ  pace_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  quaver_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  quick_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  crotchet_NN  too_RG  slow_JJ  for_IO  human_JJ  steps_NNS  without_IO  being_VBG  comic_JJ  .  
  (_(  Beecham_NP  also_RR  let_VVD  me_PPIO1  have_VH0  an_AT1  extra_JJ  stage_NN  rehearsal_NN  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  scheduled_JJ  orchestral_JJ  rehearsal_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  matter_VV0  how_CS good_JJ  the_AT1  music_NN  is_VBZ  if_CS  the_AT1  stage_NN  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  conductor_NN  insist_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  arguably_RR  a_AT1    correctly_RR    fast_JJ  pace_NN  when_CS the_AT1  singer_NN  was_VBDZ  incapable_JJ  of_IO  singing_VBG  at_IO  that_DD1  pace_NN  .  
  how_CS often_RR  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  does_VBZ  a_AT1  designer_NN  create_VV0  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  set_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  unpractical_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  distinguished_JJ  architect's_NN1$  stage_NN  setting_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  flat_JJ  picture_NN  background_NN  with_IO  extended_JJ  frames_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  which_DDQ  from_IO  anywhere_RR  but_IO  centre_JB  auditorium_NN  merely_RR  looked_VVD  flatly_RR  dull_JJ  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  non-existent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  one_MC1  excellent_JJ  artist_NN  objected_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  although_CS  Cherubino_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  jump_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  designed_VVD  brilliant_JJ  perspective_NN  scenery_NN  which_DDQ  gained_VVD  a_AT1  round_NN  of_IO  applause_NN  at_IO  curtain-rise_NN  but_CCB  meant_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  performers_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  duck_VV0  under_IO  a_AT1  steeply_RR  angled_JJ  lintel_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  through_IO  a_AT1  door_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  known_VBN  a_AT1  clever_JJ  designer_NN  in_IO  another_DD1  medium_NN  hope_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  film_NN  method_NN  of_IO  lighting_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  another_DD1  so_RG  ingenious_JJ  with_IO  moving_JJ  scenery_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  repetition_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  bore_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  each_DD1  new_JJ  result_NN  was_VBDZ  similar_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  in_IO  Milan_NP  that_CS  on_IO  one_MC1  occasion_NN  fashionable_JJ  modern_JJ  artists_NNS  without_IO  stage_NN  experience_NN  designed_VVD  sets_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  changed_VBN  with_IO  ease_NN  .  
  a_AT1  historical_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  non-co-operation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  by_IO  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  scene_NN  when_CS Tosca_NP  places_VBZ  the_AT1  candles_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  Scarpia_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  vocal_JJ  score_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  vocal_JJ  score_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  get_VV0  and_CC  place_VV0  the_AT1  candles_NNS  until_CS  the_AT1  long_JJ  orchestral_JJ  passage_NN  ends_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  ,_,  religious_JJ  ,_,  tender_JJ  note_NN  :_:  the_AT1  later_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  usual_JJ  version_NN  makes_VBZ  her_PPHO1  speak_VV0  her_APP$  comment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  Scarpia_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  sinister_JJ  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  .  
  surely_RR  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  production_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  too_RG  far_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  candles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  allotted_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  so_CS  Puccini_NP  transferred_VVD  the_AT1  line_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  ,_,  thereby_RR  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  longer_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  fetch_VV0  the_AT1  candles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  version_NN  ,_,  however_RR  (_(  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  is_VBZ  more_RRR  in_IO  key_NN  with_IO  Puccini's_PPIO2  intention_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  Tosca's_PPIO2  truly_RR  religious_JJ  character_NN  )_)  ,_,  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  possible_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  designer_NN  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  position_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  candles_NNS  ,_,  sufficiently_RR  near_IO  where_CS the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  lie_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  proved_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  current_JJ  Sadler's_PPIO2  Wells_NP  production_NN  .  
  again_RR  in_IO  Tosca_NP  there_RL  arises_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  where_CS Tosca_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  stand_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  firing_NN  squad_NN  is_VBZ  assembling_VBG  to_TO  shoot_VV0  Cavaradossi_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  him_PPHO1  standing_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  march_VV0  away_RP  ,_,  has_VHZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  not_XX  to_TO  move_VV0  yet_RR    neither_LE  of_IO  which_DDQ  remarks_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  obtrusive_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  might_VM  notice_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  both_DB2  of_IO  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  clearly_RR  heard_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  produced_VVD  Tosca_NP  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  her_PPHO1  stand_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  platform_NN  above_IO  and_CC  beyond_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS    ludicrous_JJ  on_IO  second_MD  thoughts_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  accepted_VBN  by_IO  myself_PPX1  and_CC  others_DA2  too_RG  tolerant_JJ  of_IO  bad_JJ  operatic_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  at_IO  Sadler's_PPIO2  Wells_NP  I_PPIS1  place_VV0  her_PPHO1  right_RR  down_IO  stage_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  corner_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  footlights_NNS  ,_,  apparently_RR  out_RP  of_IO  earshot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  but_CCB  easily_RR  audible_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  yet_RR  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  unobtrusive_JJ  because_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  more_RRR  in_IO  shadow_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  and_CC  Cavaradossi_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS should_VM  be_VB0    and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  being_VBG    the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  attention_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  possible_JJ  by_IO  careful_JJ  preliminary_JJ  consultation_NN  with_IO  Paul_NP  Mayo_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  designer_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  as_IO  regards_II  structure_NN  and_CC  proposed_JJ  lighting_NN  .  
  ideally_RR  an_AT1  opera_NN  producer_NN  should_VM  know_VV0  stage_NN  technique_NN  ,_,  music_NN  both_DB2  vocal_JJ  and_CC  orchestral_JJ  ,_,  lighting_NN  ,_,  style_NN  of_IO  period_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  design_NN  and_CC  making_NN  of_IO  costume_NN  and_CC  scenery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  weld_VV0  all_DB  together_RR  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  without_IO  any_DD  detail_NN  being_VBG  over-obtrusive_JJ  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  experts_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  ,_,  he_PPHO1  also_RR    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ    has_VHZ  often_RR  to_TO  coax_VV0  inexperienced_JJ  artists_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  better_JJ  than_IO  their_APP$  best_JJT  .  
  many_DA  soloists_NNS  are_VBR  nowadays_RR  chosen_VBN  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  superb_JJ  (_(  or_CC  more_RG  often_RR  young_JJ  and_CC  promising_JJ  )_)  voices_NNS  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  their_APP$  experience_NN  of_IO  appearing_VBG  in_IO  public_NN  or_CC  even_RR  walking_VBG  a_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  one_MC1  fine_JJ  vocalist_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  produce_VV0  as_IO  Carmen_NP  ,_,  though_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  sung_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  solo_JJ  recitalist_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  platform_NN  ,_,  proved_VVD  my_APP$  dubious_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  possibilities_NNS  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  rehearsal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  card_NN  scene_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  declared_VVD  herself_PPX1  unable_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  her_APP$  note_NN  while_CS  Frasquita_NP  and_CC  Mercedes_NP  were_VBDR  singing_VBG  .  
  another_DD1  brilliant_JJ  young_JJ  new_JJ  singer_NN  engaged_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  opera_NN  house_NN  ,_,  when_CS asked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  having_VHG  any_DD  stage_NN  coaching_NN  before_IO  her_APP$  first_MD  appearance_NN  on_IO  any_DD  stage_NN  ,_,  replied_VVD  :_:    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  :_:  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  singing_VBG  .    
  (_(  in_IO  every_AT1  other_DA  profession_NN  and_CC  trade_NN  ,_,  apprenticeship_NN  is_VBZ  either_LE  essential_JJ  or_CC  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  soundest_JJT  step_NN  towards_IO  success_NN  .  
  only_RR  opera-singers_NNS  seem_VV0  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  able_JJ  to_TO  dispense_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  God-given_JJ  natural_JJ  voice_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  but_II  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equipment_NN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  fine_JJ  opera_NN  performances_NNS  .  )_)  
  nor_CC  must_VM  we_PPIS2  forget_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  singer_NN  who_PNQS insists_VBZ  on_IO  being_VBG  centre-stage_RR  or_CC  who_PNQS shouts_VBZ  a_AT1  top_JB  note_NN  even_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  composer's_NN1$  wishes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  who_PNQS   always_RR  crosses_VBZ  left_RR  on_IO  this_DD1  line_NN    as_CS  one_MC1  guest-artist_NN  Mephistopheles_NP  insisted_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  until_CS  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  get_VV0  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  kicked_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  dancers_NNS  on_IO  that_DD1  spot_NN  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  opera-producer's_NN1$  job_NN  to_TO  co-ordinate_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  other_DA  experts_NNS  (_(  whether_CS  willing_JJ  collaborators_NNS  or_CC  superior_JJ  dictators_NNS  )_)  ,_,  many_DA  producers_NNS  also_RR  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  obtrusive_JJ  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS clever_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  with_IO  this_DD1  bit_NN  of_IO  business_NN  or_CC  background_NN  movement_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  distracting_JJ  .  
  although_CS  I_PPIS1  try_VV0  to_TO  avoid_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  unintentionally_RR  been_VBN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  myself_PPX1  .  
  other_DA  producers_NNS  are_VBR  careless_JJ  about_IO  style_NN  of_IO  period_NN  (_(  I_PPIS1  recently_RR  saw_VVD  Almaviva_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  act_NN  of_IO  il_&FW  barbiere_&FW  di_&FW  Siviglia_&FW  with_IO  neither_LE  cloak_NN  nor_CC  hat_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  from_IO  the_AT1  straight_JJ  theatre_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  insufficient_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  musical_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  insisted_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  singer_NN  lying_VBG  full-length_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  while_CS  singing_VBG  a_AT1  top_JB  note_NN    though_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  singer's_NN1$  approval_NN  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  tried_VBN  effectively_RR  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  it_PPH1  once_RR  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  discard_VV0  it_PPH1  .  Corneille's_PPIO2  alexandrines_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  point_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  original_JJ  text_NN  surprisingly_RR  closely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  le_&FW  festin_&FW  de_&FW  Pierre_&FW  contrived_VVD  to_TO  hold_VV0  the_AT1  stage_NN  successfully_RR  in_IO  competition_NN  with_IO  all_DB  but_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  of_IO  Molie*?3re's_PPIO2  plays_NNS  until_IO  1730_MC  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  climax_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  career_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1727_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  not_XX  inconsiderable_JJ  total_NN  of_IO  11_MC  performances_NNS  ;_;  soon_RR  after_IO  this_DD1  triumph_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  performances_NNS  per_IO  year_NN  dropped_VVD  sharply_RR  from_IO  about_RR  7_MC  to_IO  about_RR  3_MC  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  1780_MC  it_PPH1  disappeared_VVD  almost_RR  completely_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  repertoire_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  1813_MC  that_CS  the_AT1    lost_JJ  scenes_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1    Amsterdam_NP  edition_NN    were_VBDR  rediscovered_VBN  and_CC  published_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  grammarian_NN  ,_,  \0M.-J_NP  Simonnin_NP  ;_;  not_XX  until_IO  1841_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  original_JJ  Dom_&FW  Juan_&FW  was_VBDZ  restored_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Ode*?2on_NP  ;_;  and_CC  even_RR  then_RL  ,_,  not_XX  until_IO  some_DD  six_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  the_AT1  Corneille_NP  version_NN  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  ousted_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Come*?2die_&FW  Franc*?6aise_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  date_NN  1841_MC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  usually_RR  taken_VBN  to_TO  mark_VV0  the_AT1  critical_JJ  turning-point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fortunes_NNS  of_IO  Molie*?3re's_PPIO2  play_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  inaccurate_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  this_DD1  renewal_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  unheralded_JJ  and_CC  quasi-accidental_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  produced_VBN  entirely_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  rediscovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  missing_JJ  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  text_NN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  fact_NN  that_CS  some_DD  28_MC  years_NNS  were_VBDR  fated_JJ  to_TO  elapse_VV0  between_IO  the_AT1    discovery_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  performance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  restored_JJ  original_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  rehabilitation_NN  involved_VVD  a_AT1  slow_JJ  and_CC  gradual_JJ  development_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  is_VBZ  monotonously_RR  uneventful_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  Dom_&FW  Juan_&FW  was_VBDZ  preceded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  revival_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  le_&FW  festin_&FW  de_&FW  Pierre_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  plays_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  benefited_VVD  significantly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  fascination_NN  which_DDQ  their_APP$  common_JJ  hero_NN  was_VBDZ  destined_VBN  to_TO  exercise_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  romantic_JJ  imagination_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  connection_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Byron's_PPIO2  Don_NNSB1  Juan_NP  throughout_IO  the_AT1  eighteen-twenties_MC2  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  of_IO  capital_JJ  importance_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  even_RR  before_IO  this_DD1  period_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1805_MC    we_PPIS2  can_VM  trace_VV0  the_AT1  beginnings_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  attitude_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  receptiveness_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  critics_NNS  and_CC  public_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  year_NN  1805_MC  probably_RR  deserves_VBZ  rather_RR  more_DA  attention_NN  than_CS  most_DA  historians_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  prepared_VBN  to_TO  grant_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  since_CS  not_XX  only_RR  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  mark_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  really_RR  striking_JJ  revival_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  enjoyed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Corneille_NP  version_NN  since_IO  1730_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  serious_JJ  renewal_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  text_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  of_IO  indirect_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  fortunes_NNS  of_IO  Molie*?3re's_PPIO2  masterpiece_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  theme_NN  :_:  in_IO  this_DD1  instance_NN  ,_,  Mozart's_PPIO2  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  .  
  if_CS  Molie*?3re's_PPIO2  heroic_JJ  seducer_NN  was_VBDZ  unfortunate_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  reception_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Parisian_JJ  audience_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  operatic_JJ  counterpart_NN  was_VBDZ  scarcely_RR  less_RG  so_PN1  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  trials_NNS  and_CC  tribulations_NNS  of_IO  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  at_IO  the_AT1  Grand_&FW  Ope*?2ra_&FW  furnish_VV0  an_AT1  admirable_JJ  illustration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  obdurate_JJ  tenacity_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  musical_JJ  conventions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  post-revolutionary_JB  period_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  certainly_RR  as_RG  rigid_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  Come*?2die_&FW  Franc*?6aise_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  more_RG  fettering_JJ  to_IO  would-be_JB  dramatists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  generation_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  brief_JJ  study_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  interests_VBZ  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  direct_JJ  significance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  musical_JJ  conventions_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  indirect_JJ  influence_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  fate_NN  of_IO  Molie*?3re's_PPIO2  Dom_&FW  Juan_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  musical_JJ  public_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  in_IO  1800_MC  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  digest_VV0  German_JJ  opera_NN  in_IO  any_DD  form_NN  ;_;  any_DD  opera_NN  written_VBN  in_IO  Germany_NP  had_VHD  of_IO  necessity_NN  to_TO  be_VB0    arranged_VBN    in_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  slightly_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  succeed_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  eventual_JJ  discovery_NN  that_CS  both_DB2  le_&FW  nozze_&FW  di_&FW  Figaro_&FW  and_CC  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  ,_,  despite_IO  their_APP$  having_VHG  been_VBN  written_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  German_JJ  composer_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  fundamentally_RR  Italian_JJ  operas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  might_VM  be_VB0  thankfully_RR  handed_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  opera_&FW  buffa_&FW  ,_,  that_PNQS finally_RR  established_VVD  Mozart's_PPIO2  operatic_JJ  reputation_NN  in_IO  France_NP  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  traceable_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  Mozart_NP  opera_NN  (_(  die_&FW  Entfu"hrung_&FW  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  tradition_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  disastrous_JJ  and_CC  lamentable_JJ  a_AT1  failure_NN  that_CS  not_XX  an_AT1  echo_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  die_&FW  Entfu"hrung_&FW  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  The*?2a*?5tre_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Cite*?2_&FW  by_IO  a_AT1  visiting_JJ  German_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Mozart-Theater_&FW  ,_,  on_IO  25_MC  brumaire_&FW  An_&FW  10_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  repeated_VBN  on_IO  27_MC  and_CC  28_MC  brumaire_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  given_VBN  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  fiasco_NN  was_VBDZ  anything_RR  but_RR  unexpected_JJ  :_:  
    les_&FW  bouffons_&FW  allemands_&FW  se_&FW  sont_&FW  arrange*?2s_&FW  ,_,  sans_&FW  doute_&FW  ,_,  pour_&FW  n'avoir_&FW  que_&FW  des_&FW  Allemands_&FW  pour_&FW  auditeurs_&FW    ,_,  remarked_VVD  one_MC1  critic_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  perfectly_RR  well_RR  (_(  as_CS  indeed_RR  did_VDD  all_DB  his_APP$  confre*?3res_NNS  )_)  that_CS  what_DDQ  mattered_VVD  in_IO  opera_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  words_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  de*?2cor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ballets_NNS    anything_PN1  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  but_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  nos_&FW  Franc*?6ais_&FW  ne_&FW  sont_&FW  pas_&FW  assez_&FW  fous_&FW  de_&FW  musique_&FW  pour_&FW  aller_&FW  chercher_&FW  ,_,  aux_&FW  de*?2pens_&FW  de_&FW  tous_&FW  les_&FW  autres_&FW  agre*?2mens_&FW  ,_,  un_&FW  degre*?2_&FW  de_&FW  plus_&FW  de_&FW  fermete*?2_&FW  et_&FW  de_&FW  pre*?2cision_&FW  dans_&FW  l'exe*?2cution_&FW  de_&FW  ces_&FW  sifflemens_&FW  allemands_&FW  .  .  **"_**'  
  a_AT1  rigorous_JJ  treatment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  qualified_JJ  French_JJ  adaptors_NNS  was_VBDZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  essential_NN  :_:  action_NN  ,_,  dialogue_NN  ,_,  vocal_JJ  and_CC  orchestral_JJ  parts_NNS    everything_PN1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0    arranged_VBN    to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  requirements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  Mozartian_JJ  opera_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  subjected_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  curious_JJ  treatment_NN  was_VBDZ  le_&FW  nozze_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  appeared_VVD  ,_,    arranged_VBN    by_IO  Notaris_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  acade*?2mie_&FW  de_&FW  musique_&FW  on_IO  20_MC  March_NN1  1793_MC  ,_,  and_CC  ran_VVD  dispiritedly_RR  for_IO  five_MC  performances_NNS  .  
  Notaris_NP  ,_,  obviously_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX    arranged_VBN    enough_DD  ,_,  and_CC  too_RG  much_DA  Mozart_NP  had_VHD  ,_,  reprehensibly_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  subsist_VV0  ;_;  consequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  effort_NN  set_VVD  about_RP  remedying_VBG  the_AT1  fault_NN  .  
  on_IO  20_MC  August_NN1  1801_MC  ,_,  die_&FW  zauberflo"te_&FW  appeared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  The*?2a*?5tre_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Re*?2publique_&FW  et_&FW  des_&FW  Arts_&FW  in_IO  an_AT1  unrecognizable_JJ  version_NN  entitled_VBN  les_&FW  myste*?3res_&FW  d'Isis_NP  ,_,  music_NN  by_IO  Lachnith_NP  ,_,  libretto_NN  by_IO    le_&FW  citoyen_&FW  Morel_&FW  ,_,  ci-devant_&FW  Chedeville_&FW    ,_,  and_CC  achieved_VVD  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  success_NN  .  
  in_IO  1805_MC  ,_,  this_DD1  version_NN  was_VBDZ  transferred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Acade*?2mie_&FW  Impe*?2riale_&FW  de_&FW  Musique_&FW  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  revived_VBN  again_RR  in_IO  1812_MC  ,_,  1816_MC  ,_,  1823_MC  and_CC  1826_MC  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  added_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  two_MC    fripons_&FW  musicaux_&FW    ,_,  Lachnith_NP  (_(    le_&FW  rapetisseur_&FW  des_&FW  grands_&FW  hommes_&FW    )_)  and_CC  Morel_NP  (_(    ouvrier_&FW  en_&FW  marqueterie_&FW    )_)  had_VHD  become_VBN  synonymous_JJ  with_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  most_RG  reactionary_JJ  and_CC  abysmal_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  musical_JJ  tradition_NN  .  
  les_&FW  myste*?3res_&FW  d'Isis_NP  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  achieved_VVD  its_APP$  popularity_NN  by_IO  discarding_VBG  the_AT1  original_JJ  music_NN  almost_RR  entirely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  incorporating_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  score_NN    amongst_IO  other_DA  things_NNS    a_AT1  substantial_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Haydn_NP  symphony_NN  :_:  *"_*'  
  on_&FW  a_&FW  change*?2_&FW  le_&FW  sentiment_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  musique_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Flu*?5te_&FW  enchante*?2e_&FW  ,_,  on_&FW  en_&FW  a_&FW  ralenti_&FW  les_&FW  mouvemens_&FW  pour_&FW  approprier_&FW  les_&FW  airs_&FW  au_&FW  style_&FW  se*?2rieux_&FW  .  
  les_&FW  paroles_&FW  sont_&FW  pitoyables_&FW  .  l'arrangeur_&FW  a_&FW  coupe*?2_&FW  ,_,  taille*?2_&FW  ,_,  sabre*?2_&FW  les_&FW  plus_&FW  beaux_&FW  morceaux_&FW  de_&FW  cet_&FW  ope*?2ra_&FW  ,_,  qu'il_&FW  trouvait_&FW  sans_&FW  doute_&FW  trop_&FW  long_&FW  .  
  comment_&FW  ,_,  avec_&FW  tant_&FW  de_&FW  richesses_&FW  ,_,  n'a-t-on_&FW  fait_&FW  qu'une_&FW  mise*?2rable_&FW  compilation_&FW  .  **"_**'  
  such_DA  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  situation_NN  when_CS ,_,  on_IO  17_MC  September_NN1  1805_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Acade*?2mie_&FW  Impe*?2riale_&FW  de_&FW  Musique_&FW  decided_VVD  to_TO  experiment_VV0  with_IO  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  .  
  obviously_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Grand_&FW  Ope*?2ra_&FW  could_VM  no_RR  more_RRR  accept_VV0  that_DD1  masterpiece_NN  as_CS  written_VBN  by_IO  Mozart_NP  and_CC  Da_NP  Ponte_NP  than_CS  the_AT1  The*?2a*?5tre_&FW  Franc*?6ais_&FW  could_VM  countenance_VV0  Dom_&FW  Juan_&FW  without_IO  the_AT1    adoucissements_&FW    introduced_VBN  by_IO  Corneille_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  arrangements_NNS  was_VBDZ  entrusted_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  Christian_NP  Kalkbrenner_NP  ,_,  chorus-master_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Grand_&FW  Ope*?2ra_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  labours_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  his_APP$  collaborators_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  libretto_NN  ,_,  \0Mons_NNSB1  Thuring_NP  ,_,    ge*?2ne*?2ral_&FW  de_&FW  brigade_&FW    ,_,  and_CC  \0Mons_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Baillot_NP  ,_,    sous-bibliothe*?3caire_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Bibliothe*?3que_&FW  Impe*?2riale_&FW  de_&FW  Versailles_&FW    ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  drame_&FW  lyrique_&FW  en_&FW  trois_&FW  actes_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  once_RR  again_RR  not_XX  merely_RR  altered_VVD  Mozart's_PPIO2  music_NN  completely_RR  beyond_IO  recognition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  somehow_RR  made_VVD  room_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  for_IO  several_DA  arias_NNS  of_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Kalkbrenner's_PPIO2  own_DA  ingenious_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  lengthy_JJ  passages_NNS  of_IO  incidental_JJ  music_NN  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  those_DD2  full-scale_JB  interludes_NNS  of_IO  ballet_NN  and_CC  mime_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Parisian_JJ  operatic_JJ  audiences_NNS  demanded_VVD  as_IO  their_APP$  right_NN  .  
  Gardel_NP  provided_VVD  some_DD  excellent_JJ  choreography_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  real_JJ  pie*?3ce_&FW  de_&FW  re*?2sistance_&FW  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  de*?2cor_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Mount_NNL1  Vesuvius_NP  in_IO  full_JJ  eruption_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  streams_NNS  of_IO  lava_NN  pouring_VBG  down_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  auditorium_NN  .  
  the_AT1  few_DA  reputable_JJ  music-critics_NNS  who_PNQS knew_VVD  and_CC  respected_VVD  their_APP$  Mozart_NP  protested_VVD  as_RG  loudly_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  how_CS ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  to_IO  no_AT1  avail_NN  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  Kalkbrenner's_PPIO2  Don_&FW  Juan_&FW  was_VBDZ  linked_VBN  with_IO  Lachnith's_PPIO2  myste*?3res_&FW  d'Isis_NP  ,_,  and_CC  remained_VVD  a_AT1  by-word_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  glaring_JJ  symbol_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  depths_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  French_JJ  operatic_JJ  taste_NN  could_VM  descend_VV0  .  
    les_&FW  airs_&FW  de_&FW  basse-taille_&FW  sont_&FW  donne*?2s_&FW  aux_&FW  femmes_&FW  ,_,  change*?2s_&FW  de_&FW  ton_&FW  ,_,  raccourcis_&FW  ,_,  allonge*?2s_&FW  ,_,  d'un_&FW  air_&FW  on_&FW  fait_&FW  un_&FW  trio_&FW  ;_;  enfin_&FW  ce_&FW  n'est_&FW  plus_&FW  que_&FW  le_&FW  simulacre_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  musique_&FW  de_&FW  Mozart_&FW  .    wrote_VVD  Fe*?2tis_NP  some_DD  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  late_RR  as_IO  1823_MC  ,_,  Castil-Blaze_NP  could_VM  still_RR  recall_VV0  the_AT1  incident_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  acutest_JJT  indignation_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  reputable_JJ  music-critics_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  asked_VVD  their_APP$  opinion_NN  .  
  public_JJ  taste_NN  in_IO  music_NN  was_VBDZ  guided_VBN  exclusively_RR  by_IO  men_NNS  of_IO  letters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Napoleonic_JJ  era_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  major_JJ  dramatic_JJ  critics_NNS  were_VBDR  wont_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  upon_IO  opera_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  exclusive_JJ  prerogative_NN  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Julien-Louis_NP  Geoffroy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  feared_JJ  and_CC  influential_JJ  oracle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Journal_&FW  des_&FW  De*?2bats_&FW  ,_,  who_PNQS could_VM  make_VV0  or_CC  mar_VV0  a_AT1  composer's_NN1$  reputation_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  article_NN  ,_,  although_CS    as_CS  he_PPHO1  thankfully_RR  admitted_VVD    music_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  art_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  no_RR  more_RRR  than_IO  morris-dancing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resplendent_JJ  premie*?3re_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  gradual_JJ  disintegration_NN  and_CC  eventual_JJ  catastrophic_JJ  de*?2ba*?5cle_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  first_MD  French_JJ  production_NN  of_IO  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  can_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  reviews_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  press_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  appears_VBZ  evident_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  comments_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  survived_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  Kalkbrenner's_PPIO2  manipulations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  had_VHD  put_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  critics_NNS  except_IO  Geoffroy_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  quandary_NN  .  
  Geoffroy's_PPIO2  position_NN  was_VBDZ  simple_JJ  and_CC  unassailable_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suspicious_JJ  of_IO  Mozart's_PPIO2  reputation_NN  (_(  he_PPHO1  despised_VVD  Germans_NP2  ,_,  anyway_RR  )_)  and_CC  heartily_RR  disliked_VVD  whatever_DDQ  music_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  he_PPHO1  happened_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  heard_VBN  .  
    cet_&FW  Allemand_&FW    ,_,  he_PPHO1  pronounced_VVD  ,_,    n'a_&FW  rien_&FW  fait_&FW  dans_&FW  le_&FW  genre_&FW  de_&FW  l'ope*?2ra-comique_&FW    which_DDQ  could_VM  ever_RR  rival_VV0  Gre*?2try_NP  ,_,  while_CS  his_APP$  so-called_JB    serious_JJ    operas_NNS  were_VBDR  pitiful_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO    les_&FW  excellentes_&FW  compositions_&FW  de_&FW  Gluck_&FW  et_&FW  de_&FW  Piccini_&FW    .  
  to_TO  honour_VV0  his_APP$  professional_JJ  obligations_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  the_AT1  premie*?3re_NN  of_IO  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  the_AT1  overture_NN  detestable_JJ  (_(    pourquoi_&FW  coudre_&FW  une_&FW  symphonie_&FW  a*?3_&FW  un_&FW  ope*?2ra_&FW  .    )_)  ,_,  compared_VVD  the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  act_NN  2_MC  bitterly_RR  and_CC  unfavourably_RR  with_IO  Duni's_PPIO2  peintre_&FW  amoureux_&FW  de_&FW  son_&FW  mode*?3le_&FW  and_CC  with_IO  Paisiello's_PPIO2  Re*?3_&FW  Teodoro_&FW  ,_,  elevated_VVD  Kalkbrenner's_PPIO2  intercalated_JJ  aria_NN  ,_,    O_&FW  nuit_&FW  ,_,  sois_&FW  favorable_&FW  .    above_IO  anything_PN1  written_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  composer_NN  ,_,  protested_VVD  loudly_RR  that_CS  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  words_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  music_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  insistent_JJ  and_CC  ill-disciplined_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  hear_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  concluded_VVD  dolefully_RR  :_:  
    il_&FW  y_&FW  a_&FW  trop_&FW  de_&FW  musique_&FW  dans_&FW  Don_&FW  Juan_&FW  ;_;  c'est_&FW  un_&FW  festin_&FW  ou*?3_&FW  l'extre*?5me_&FW  abondance_&FW  rassasie_&FW  promptement_&FW  .  .  
  les_&FW  Allemands_&FW  ont_&FW  ga*?5te*?2_&FW  notre_&FW  Molie*?3re_&FW    .  
  less_RG  committed_JJ  critics_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  faced_VBN  with_IO  two_MC  unpleasant_JJ  alternatives_NNS  .  
  here_RL  was_VBDZ  undoubtedly_RR  a_AT1  bad_JJ  opera_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  this_DD1  opera_NN  was_VBDZ  supposedly_RR  by_IO  Mozart_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Mozart_NP  enjoyed_VVD    une_&FW  re*?2putation_&FW  colossale_&FW    among_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  e*?2lite_NN  .  
  either_LE  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  condemn_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  denounce_VV0  themselves_PPX2  musically_RR  as_IO  ignorant_JJ  philistines_NNS  ;_;  or_CC  else_RR  obey_VV0  the_AT1  fashion_NN  and_CC  applaud_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  instinctively_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  poor_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  without_IO  having_VHG  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  knowledge_NN  (_(  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  )_)  to_TO  trace_VV0  the_AT1  evil_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  source_NN    not_XX  Mozart_NP  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  Kalkbrenner_NP  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  became_VVD  apparent_JJ  ,_,  after_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  performances_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  Gardel_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  lava-streams_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  enough_DD  ,_,  unaided_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  this_DD1  extravagant_JJ  (_(  and_CC  expensive_JJ  )_)  venture_NN  afloat_JJ  for_IO  long_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ill-disguised_JJ  relief_NN  all_RR  round_RP  .  
    succe*?3s_&FW  incomplet_&FW    ,_,  announced_VVD  the_AT1  journal_&FW  de_&FW  Paris_&FW  ,_,  while_CS  Geoffroy_NP  moralised_VVD  contentedly_RR  :_:  
    si_&FW  cet_&FW  essai_&FW  pouvait_&FW  nous_&FW  gue*?2rir_&FW  de_&FW  notre_&FW  admiration_&FW  exclusive_&FW  pour_&FW  les_&FW  e*?2trangers_&FW  ,_,  il_&FW  auroit_&FW  produit_&FW  un_&FW  effet_&FW  tre*?3s-heureux_&FW    .  
  quarrels_NNS  and_CC  dissensions_NNS  ensued_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  whom_WPO  hurriedly_RR  and_CC  shamefacedly_RR  handed_VVD  over_RP  their_APP$  parts_NNS  to_IO  understudies_NNS  on_IO  various_JJ  pretexts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  November_NN1  10th_MD  ,_,  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  was_VBDZ  quietly_RR  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  repertoire_NN  ,_,  and_CC  les_&FW  myste*?3res_&FW  d'Isis_NP  substituted_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  admittedly_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  back_RP  for_IO  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  Sunday_NN1  performance_NN  shortly_RR  before_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  March_NN1  1806_MC  ,_,  little_DA  remained_VVD  of_IO  this_DD1  ambitious_JJ  and_CC  unfortunate_JJ  venture_NN  save_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  regions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  :_:  
    ve*?2suve_&FW  va_&FW  beaucoup_&FW  mieux_&FW  ,_,  il_&FW  ne_&FW  donne_&FW  pas_&FW  tant_&FW  de_&FW  fume*?2e_&FW  ;_;  il_&FW  n'y_&FW  a_&FW  que_&FW  les_&FW  acteurs_&FW  qui_&FW  vont_&FW  de_&FW  plus_&FW  en_&FW  plus_&FW  mal_&FW    .  
    les_&FW  Allemands_&FW  ont_&FW  ga*?5te*?2_&FW  notre_&FW  Molie*?3re_&FW    .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  key-note_NN  of_IO  criticism_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  Don_&FW  Giovanni_&FW  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  to_TO  say_VV0  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  prove_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rather_RR  more_RG  hazardous_JJ  business_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  putting_VBG  on_RP  simultaneously_RR  a_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  le_&FW  festin_&FW  de_&FW  Pierre_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  letting_VBG  the_AT1  audience_NN  make_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  comparison_NN  .  art_NN  by_IO  slabs_NNS  .  
  Pieter_NP  Brueghel_NP  the_AT1  elder_JJ  :_:  hay-making_NN  .  introduced_VBN  by_IO  Jaromir_NP  Sip_NP  .  (_(  Spring_NP  books_NNS  ,_,  21_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  artists'_NN2  prints_NNS  in_IO  colour_NN  .  introduced_VBN  by_IO  Hans_NP  Platte_NP  .  (_(  Barrie_NP  and_CC  Rockliff_NP  ,_,  6_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  Indian_JJ  art_NN  in_IO  America_NP  .  by_IO  Frederick_NP  \0J_NP  Dockstader_NP  .  (_(  Studio_NP  books_NNS  ,_,  8_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  muse_NN  .  by_IO  Henri_NP  Dorra_NP  .  (_(  Thames_NP  and_CC  Hudson_NP  ,_,  3_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  visual_JJ  experience_NN  .  by_IO  Bates_NP  Lowry_NP  .  (_(  Prentice-Hall_NP  ,_,  3_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  Picasso's_PPIO2  Picassos_NP2  .  by_IO  David_NP  Douglas_NP  Duncan_NP  .  (_(  Macmillan_NP  ,_,  7_MC  \0gns_NNU2  )_)  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  quite_RR  so_RG  odd_JJ  that_CS  nearly_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  pride_NN  of_IO  art_NN  books_NNS    or_CC  shiny_JJ  slabs_NNS  of_IO  art_NN    is_VBZ  the_AT1  cheapest_JJT  ,_,  the_AT1  least_RG  shiny_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  least_RG  pretentious_JJ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  paper_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  see_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  publisher_NN  could_VM  better_VV0  the_AT1  directness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  Brueghel's_PPIO2  hay-making_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  objective_JJ  painting_NN  is_VBZ  reproduced_VBN  in_IO  colour_NN  :_:  then_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  two_MC  dozen_MC  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  painting_NN  are_VBR  also_RR  reproduced_VBN  (_(  in_IO  colour_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  fitted_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  Brueghel_NP  addressed_VBN  not_XX  to_IO  anxious_JJ  culture-vultures_NNS  all_DB  wanting_VBG  their_APP$  cut_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fashionable_JJ  but_CCB  still_RR  queer_JJ  wonders_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  adult_JJ  appreciators_NNS  who_PNQS already_RR  accept_VV0  art_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  accepts_VBZ  philosophy_NN  or_CC  macaroni_NN  .  *"_*'  
  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  Italy_NP  taught_VVD  Brueghel_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  sparing_JJ  in_IO  expression_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  concise_JJ  and_CC  limit_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  essentials_NNS  ,_,  due_JJ  proportions_NNS  and_CC  things_NNS  true_JJ  to_IO  nature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reduced_VVD  human_JJ  figures_NNS  and_CC  everything_PN1  else_RR  to_IO  basic_JJ  geometrical_JJ  forms_NNS  and_CC  made_VVD  them_PPHO1  serve_VV0  his_APP$  intentions_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  close-up_NN  of_IO  scenes_NNS  from_IO  Brueghel's_PPIO2  hay-making_NN  adds_VBZ  to_IO  our_APP$  conviction_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  abstraction_NN  was_VBDZ  profound_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  vegetation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  animal_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  even_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  objects_NNS  fashioned_VBN  by_IO  human_JJ  hands_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  good_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  enlarged_JJ  details_NNS  or_CC  close-ups_NNS  left_VVD  this_DD1  reviewer_NN  more_RRR  astonished_VBN  than_CS  ever_RR  and_CC  more_RRR  delighted_VBN  than_CS  ever_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  world_NN  absorbed_VBN  by_IO  Brueghel_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  absorption_NN  and_CC  then_RL  of_IO  its_APP$  ordering_NN  and_CC  rendering_NN  .  
  artists'_NN2  prints_NNS  in_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  introduced_VBN  and_CC  edited_VBN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hans_NP  Platte_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Kunsthalle_NP  at_IO  Hamburg_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  classy_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  .  
  again_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  packaged_JJ  slab_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  well-designed_JJ  ,_,  well-printed_JJ  ,_,  well-introduced_JJ  selection_NN  of_IO  sixty_MC  colour_NN  prints_NNS  by_IO  sixty_MC  artists_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  made_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  by_IO  Matisse_NP  .  
  others_DA2  are_VBR  by_IO  Moore_NP  ,_,  Jean_NP  Bazaine_NP  ,_,  Gustave_NP  Singier_NP  ,_,  Lynn_NP  Chadwick_NP  ,_,  Nicolas_NP  de_&FW  Stae"l_NP  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  part_NN  a_AT1  sophisticated_JJ  comment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Kandinsky_NP  until_IO  now_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  read_VBN  .  
    the_AT1  important_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  quite_RR  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN  can_VM  never_RR  come_VV0  into_IO  being_VBG  without_IO  some_DD  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visible_JJ  object_NN  then_RL  loses_VBZ  its_APP$  significance_NN  ,_,  since_CS  our_APP$  world_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  find_VV0  its_APP$  fulfilment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visible_JJ  .    
  in_IO  part_NN  the_AT1  introduction_NN  comments_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  shift_NN  in_IO  prints_NNS  from_IO  black_NN  and_CC  white_NN  to_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  graphic_JJ  towards_IO  painting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  shift_NN  is_VBZ  related_VBN  to_IO  our_APP$  epoch's_NN1$  appetite_NN  for_IO  colour_NN  (_(  including_IO  colour_NN  printing_NN  by_IO  machine_NN  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  books_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  ones_CD1S  show_VV0  some_DD  unhappy_JJ  differences_NNS  between_IO  publishers'_NN2  Europe_NP  and_CC  publishers'_NN2  America_NP    at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  popularisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  .  
  Indian_JJ  art_NN  in_IO  America_NP  slides_VBZ  at_RR  once_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  art_NN  slab_NN  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  seem_VV0  unfair_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  inform_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  have_VH0  a_AT1  grown-up_JJ  purpose_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  illustrate_VV0  many_DA  superb_JJ  objects_NNS  (_(  seventy_MC  colour_NN  plates_NNS  )_)  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  painted_JJ  shield_NN  covers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Crow_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  buttonhole_VV0  and_CC  brainwash_VV0  with_IO  prefabricated_JJ  superlatives_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  standards_NNS  are_VBR  shaky_JJ  (_(  thin_JJ  Rackham-like_JJ  confections_NNS  by_IO  modern_JJ  Indian_JJ  watercolourists_NNS  ,_,  self-condemned_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  splendid_JJ  traditional_JJ  company_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  are_VBR  just_RR  as_RG  highly_RR  praised_VBN  )_)  .  
  also_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  atrocious_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  colour-book_NN  composing_NN  ,_,  text_NN  against_IO  plate_NN  ,_,  or_CC  plate_NN  against_IO  text_NN  .  
  art_NN  books_NNS  often_RR  recall_VV0  that_DD1  distinction_NN  Berenson_NP  made_VVD  (_(  to_IO  a_AT1  late_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Victoria_NP  and_CC  Albert_NP  Museum_NNL1  )_)  ,_,  that_CS  museum_NN  officials_NNS  were_VBDR  either_LE  pimps_NNS  or_CC  eunuchs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  eunuch_NN  art-book_NN  often_RR  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  retains_VBZ  the_AT1  dignity_NN  of_IO  art_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  leaves_VBZ  the_AT1  peruser_NN  to_TO  judge_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pimping_JJ  art-book_NN  has_VHZ  art_NN  to_TO  sell_VV0  ,_,  insinuatingly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  muse_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  tradition_NN  to_TO  sell_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  n't_XX  exist_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  painting_NN  (_(  how_CS could_VM  it_PPH1  ever_RR  have_VH0  formed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1    new_JJ    country_NN  .  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  brainwasher_NN  and_CC  blinder_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  serving_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  same_DA  tiresome_JJ  primitives_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  tiresome_JJ  bits_NNS  of_IO  sub-European_JJ  kitsch_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Peales_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Bierstadts_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Coles_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Washington_NP  Allstons_NP2  ,_,  suitably_RR  followed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  celluloid_NN  rubbish_NN  of_IO  Marin_NP  ,_,  O'Keefe_NP  ,_,  Dove_NP  and_CC  many_DA  others_DA2  down_RP  (_(  I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0  myself_PPX1  with_IO  a_AT1  firm_JJ  defiance_NN    though_CS  the_AT1  substance_NN  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  from_IO  celluloid_NN  )_)  to_IO  Jackson_NP  Pollock_NP  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  curious_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  stuff_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  attitude_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  Americans_NP2  would_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  to_TO  forget_VV0  )_)  will_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  chilling_JJ  eyeful_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  American_JJ  muse_NN  ,_,  allied_VBN  to_IO  literary_JJ  excerpts_NNS    Cotton_NP  Mather_NP  to_IO  Gertrude_NP  Stein_NP    all_DB  transferred_VBN  from_IO  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  rather_RR  brown_JJ  or_CC  liquorice_JJ  public_JJ  gallery_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Corcoran_NP  in_IO  Washington_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  ugly_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  ungraceful_JJ  typography_NN  and_CC  book-making_NN  .  
  the_AT1  German_JJ  editor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elegant_JJ  book_NN  on_IO  colour_NN  prints_NNS  remarked_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  (_(  I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  as_RR  well_RR  )_)  the_AT1  spectator_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  stand_VV0  entirely_RR  alone_JJ  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  if_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Bates_NP  Lowry_NP  gets_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  spectator_NN  will_VM  stand_VV0  or_CC  sag_VV0  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  picture_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  visual_JJ  experience_NN  :_:  an_AT1  introduction_NN  to_IO  art_NN  pressing_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  as_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  mind_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  particularly_RR  soft_JJ  and_CC  soggy_JJ  galantine_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  another_DD1  conditioner_NN  :_:  
  come_VV0  and_CC  learn_VV0  about_IO  art_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  or_CC  Miss_NNSB1  home-study_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  teach_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  Kurt_NP  Schwitters_NP  and_CC  Cotman_NP  ,_,  Sassetta_NP  and_CC  our_APP$  Pollock_NP  ,_,  in_IO  234_MC  plates_NNS  and_CC  260_MC  pages_NNS  of_IO  long_JJ  abstract_JJ  words_NNS  about_IO  recession_NN  and_CC  planes_NNS  and_CC  unity_NN  .  
    in_IO  judging_VBG  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN      attention_NN  ,_,  please_UH      on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  offers_VBZ  us_PPIO2   ,_,  we_PPIS2  leave_VV0  the_AT1  relatively_RR  objective_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  judgment_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  defined_VBN  as_IO  artistic_JJ  ability_NN  and_CC  enter_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  subjective_JJ  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  artist's_NN1$  intuition_NN  .    
  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  statue_NN    as_CS  in_IO  Daumier's_PPIO2  cartoon_NN    prodigiously_RR  yawns_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  adds_VBZ  a_AT1  raspberry_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  an_AT1  American_JJ  wrap_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  same_DA  nature_NN  entirely_RR  surrounds_VBZ  the_AT1  largest_JJT  slipperiest_JJT  slab_NN  of_IO  Picasso's_PPIO2  Picassos_NP2  .  
  without_IO  its_APP$  rhetoric_NN  or_CC  gloss_NN  ,_,  here_RL  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  colour_NN  album_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  paintings_NNS  by_IO  Picasso_NP  ,_,  from_IO  1895_MC  to_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  keeps_VBZ  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  photographed_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  author-journalist-photographer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS talks_VBZ  of_IO    the_AT1  maestro_NN  ,_,    and_CC  treats_VBZ  Picasso_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  text_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  super-goose_NN  who_PNQS lays_VBZ  golden_JJ  eggs_NNS  ,_,  starting_VBG  off_RP  his_APP$  gossip-text_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  (_(  and_CC  if_CS  this_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  justify_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  .  )_)  that_CS    no_AT1  painter_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  century's_NN1$  Midas-touched_JB  art_NN  world_NN  has_VHZ  seen_VBN  more_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  colours_NNS  and_CC  canvas_NN  change_VV0  to_IO  gold_NN  .    
  a_AT1  colour-photo_NN  as_IO  frontispiece_NN  depicts_VBZ  the_AT1  maestro_NN  attitudinising_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Spanish_JJ  cloak_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  Scottish_JJ  tweed_NN  hat_NN  ,_,  by_IO  candlelight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  makes_VBZ  him_PPHO1  look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  Watts_NP  ,_,  \0OM_NNSB1  ,_,  or_CC  like_IO  God_NP  taking_VBG  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  Gladstone_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  charade_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  frontispiece_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  torn_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  ingenuity_NN  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  journalistic_JJ  slobbering_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  paintings_NNS  and_CC  personality_NN  which_DDQ  journalists_NNS  used_VVD  to_TO  ridicule_VV0  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  away_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  scissors_NNS    when_CS there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  for_IO  enjoyment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  unpompous_JJ  calm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  ,_,  202_MC  plates_NNS  ,_,  various_JJ  and_CC  bizarre_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  Picasso's_PPIO2  liberated_JJ  shapes_NNS  and_CC  excitingly_RR  applied_JJ  and_CC  inventively_RR  combined_JJ  colours_NNS  play_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  very_RG  sunniest_JJT  compositions_NNS  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  Grigson_NP  .  
  interlacery_NN  .  
  China_NP  .  by_IO  William_NP  Watson_NP  .  (_(  Thames_NP  and_CC  Hudson_NP  ,_,  30_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Seljuks_NP2  .  by_IO  Tamara_NP  Talbot_NP  Rice_NP  .  (_(  Thames_NP  and_CC  Hudson_NP  30_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Vikings_NP2  .  by_IO  Holger_NP  Arbman_NP  .  (_(  Thames_NP  and_CC  Hudson_NP  ,_,  30_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  mixed_JJ  batch_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  would_VM  think_VV0  ,_,  this_DD1  latest_JJT  trio_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  admirable_JJ    ancient_JJ  peoples_NNS  and_CC  places_NNS    series_NN  edited_VBN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Glyn_NP  Daniel_NP  .  
  a_AT1  glance_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  plates_NNS    around_RR  seventy_MC  per_IO  volume_NN    discloses_VBZ  odd_JJ  family_NN  resemblances_NNS  .  
  cousin_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  dragon_NN  seems_VBZ  the_AT1  Viking_JJ  sea-serpent_NN  .  
  half-Chinese_JJ  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  look_VV0  the_AT1  Uighur_NP  faces_NNS  staring_VBG  from_IO  Seljuk_JJ  reliefs_NNS  .  
  and_CC  everywhere_RR  lurk_VV0  animals_NNS  in_IO  company_NN  with_IO  lengths_NNS  of_IO  geometrical_JJ  interlacery_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  crawled_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  Steppes_NP2  .  
  to_TO  run_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  chronological_JJ  sequence_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  sharper_JJ  perspective_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Watson_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  detailed_JJ  archaeological_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  China_NP  before_IO  the_AT1  Han_NP  dynasty_NN  ,_,  follows_VBZ  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  sinanthropus_&FW  through_IO  the_AT1  stone-age_JB  centuries_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  flowering_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unsurpassed_JJ  bronze_NN  age_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  Shang_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Chou_NP  .  
  whence_CS came_VVD  this_DD1  finesse_NN  in_IO  casting_VBG  alloys_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  iron_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  long_RR  before_CS  iron_NN  was_VBDZ  forged_VBN  or_CC  wrought_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  people_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  connection_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  between_IO  the_AT1  spiral-painted_JJ  urns_NNS  of_IO  Kansu_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  similar_JJ  pieces_NNS  from_IO  Turkestan_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Caucasus_NP  .  
  archaeology_NN  can_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  answer_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  outstanding_JJ  conundrums_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  offers_VBZ  no_AT1  support_NN  for_IO  older_JJ  theories_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  early_JJ  Chinese_NP2  derived_VVD  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  from_IO  as_RG  far_RR  west_NN1  as_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  east_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  essentially_RR  pacific_JJ  and_CC  thereafter_RR  static_JJ  .  
  as_CS  their_APP$  weapons_NNS  and_CC  vessels_NNS  attest_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  addicted_VBN  to_IO  bloodthirsty_JJ  sacrificial_JJ  rites_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  constantly_RR  armed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  teeth_NNS  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  cribbed_VVD  a_AT1  socketed_JJ  axe_NN  from_IO  Tomsk_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  spearhead_NN  from_IO  Minusinsk_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  improved_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  Tartar_JJ  bow_NN  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  a_AT1  spring-gun_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  bronze_NN  trigger_NN  ,_,  to_TO  fire_VV0  blunt-nosed_JJ  bolts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  their_APP$  exchanges_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  north-west_NN1  ,_,    the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  horse-raising_NN  and_CC  fraternisation_NN  of_IO  Chinese_NN1  and_CC  nomad_NN  ,_,    must_VM  often_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  fruitful_JJ  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  nomads_NNS  who_PNQS harried_VVD  the_AT1  Shang_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Turkish-speaking_JJ  tribes_NNS  whose_PNQV$  later_JJ  descendants_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Ghuzz_NP  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  eighth_MD  century_NN  \0AD_RR  controlled_VVD  all_DB  central_JJ  Asia_NP  .  
  through_IO  Transoxiana_NP  their_APP$  Seljuk_JJ  branch_NN  advanced_VVD  from_IO  Samarkand_NP  and_CC  Bokhara_NP  upon_IO  Syria_NP  ,_,  Iraq_NP  and_CC  Persia_NP  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Seljuks_NP2  of_IO  Asia_NP  Minor_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Tamara_NP  Talbot_NP  Rice_NP  considers_VBZ  the_AT1  achievements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Islamised_JJ  group_NN  which_DDQ  settled_VVD  in_IO  Rum_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Byzantine_JJ  Anatolia_NP  .  
  again_RR  our_APP$  old_JJ  views_NNS  need_VV0  reorienting_NN  .  
    that_CS  the_AT1  Seljuks_NP2  brought_VVD  nothing_PN1  but_IO  chaos_NN  and_CC  destruction_NN  to_IO  Asia_NP  Minor_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  borne_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .    
  indeed_RR  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  sultanate_NN  ,_,  claims_VBZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Rice_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  Seljuks_NP2  set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  provide_VV0  their_APP$  country_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sound_JJ  economy_NN  and_CC  elaborate_JJ  social_JJ  services_NNS  .    
  in_IO  this_DD1    veritable_JJ  welfare_NN  state_NN    the_AT1  arts_NNS  flourished_VVD  .  
  her_APP$  plates_NNS  show_VV0  the_AT1  splendours_NNS  of_IO  Seljukid_JJ  architecture_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  devotes_VBZ  several_DA  pages_NNS  to_IO  Rumi_NP  and_CC  Sufism_NN1  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  reader_NN  will_VM  search_VV0  her_APP$  index_NN  in_RR  vain_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  Persian_NN1  Jelal-al-Din_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  here_RL  disguised_VBN  in_IO  contemporary_JJ  Turkish_JJ  orthography_NN  as_IO    the_AT1  Mawla_NP  Celaleddin_NP  .    
  in_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  volume_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  series_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Rice_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  Russian_JJ  by_IO  birth_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  as_IO  subject_NN  the_AT1  Scythians_NP2  .  
  despite_IO  chronological_JJ  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  they_PPHS2  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  link_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  of_IO  central_JJ  Asia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Steppes_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  ultimately_RR  with_IO  certain_JJ  traits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Scandinavian_JJ  and_CC  Celtic_JJ  cultures_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  geographical_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vikings_NP2  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Arbman_NP  shows_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  Rus_NP2  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  Swedes_NP2  of_IO  Muscovy_NP  ,_,  traded_VVD  in_IO  Black_NP  Sea_NNL1  ports_NNS  and_CC  sent_VVD  caravans_NNS  into_IO  Baghdad_NP  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  familiar_JJ  ventures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Vikings_NP2  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  Ireland_NP  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  their_APP$  more_RG  controversial_JJ  incursions_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  here_RL  made_VBN  vivid_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Binns_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS translated_VVD  the_AT1  Swedish_JJ  original_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  invaluable_JJ  .  
  once_RR  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  urged_VBN  to_TO  modify_VV0  our_APP$  traditional_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  pirates_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  prowess_NN  as_IO  artists_NNS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  one_MC1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  sagas_NNS  ,_,  remains_VBZ  far_RR  from_RR  negligible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  interlacery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jellinge_NP  pattern_NN  can_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  direct_JJ  connection_NN  with_IO  interlacery_NN  remote_JJ  from_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  thousands_MC2  of_IO  miles_NNS  .  
  horse-raisers_NNS  think_VV0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  plaits_NNS  and_CC  straps_NNS  as_CS  seafarers_NNS  dream_VV0  of_IO  ropes_NNS  ,_,  hawsers_NNS  and_CC  knots_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  restless_JJ  rangers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  wastes_NNS  revivified_VVD  the_AT1  people_NNS  they_PPHS2  raided_VVD  and_CC  once_CS  settled_VBN  ,_,  brought_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  twist_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  strands_NNS  of_IO  culture_NN  ,_,  craft_NN  and_CC  art_NN  .  
  Hugh_NP  Gordon_NP  Porteus_NP  .  
  Alan_NP  \0R_NP  Taylor's_PPIO2  prelude_NN  to_IO  Israel_NP  ,_,  now_RL  published_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  by_IO  Darton_NP  ,_,  Longman_NP  and_CC  Todd_NP  at_IO  18_MC  \0s_NNU  ,_,  was_VBDZ  reviewed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  spectator_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  American_JJ  edition_NN  on_IO  June_NN1  24_MC  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  records_NNS  .  
  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  .  
  by_IO  David_NP  Cairns_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  right_JJ  that_CS  recording_NN  companies_NNS  should_VM  attempt_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  their_APP$  recordings_NNS  of_IO  opera_NN  as_RG  dramatic_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  natural_JJ  that_CS  promoters_NNS  should_VM  vaunt_VV0  the_AT1  realism_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  achieved_VBN  .  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Brocard_NP  Sewell_NP  ,_,  \0O.Carm_NNSB1  .  
  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  ,_,  once_RR  a_AT1  leading_JJ  figure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  stage_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  fashionable_JJ  society_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  time_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  today_NN1  hardly_RR  known_VBN  except_CS  to_IO  students_NNS  of_IO  theatrical_JJ  history_NN  .  
  her_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  unfortunate_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  end_NN  sad_JJ  ;_;  yet_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fascinating_JJ  personality_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  actress_NN  ,_,  while_CS  her_APP$  life-story_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  romantic_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  why_CS her_APP$  memory_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  faded_VBN  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  most_RG  readable_JJ  autobiography_NN  which_DDQ  went_VVD  quickly_RR  through_IO  several_DA  editions_NNS  .  
  recently_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  found_VBN  a_AT1  sympathetic_JJ  biographer_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cyril_NP  Hughes_NP  Hartmann_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  delightful_JJ  book_NN  enchanting_JJ  Bellamy_NP  (_(  Heinemann_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  )_)  puts_VBZ  her_APP$  story_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  reach_NN  of_IO  all_DB  and_CC  sorts_VBZ  out_RP  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  puzzles_NNS  which_DDQ  face_VV0  the_AT1  reader_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  narrative_NN  ,_,  now_RL  a_AT1  very_RG  rare_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  apology_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  ,_,  late_RR  of_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  written_VBN  by_IO  herself_PPX1  (_(  London_NP  ,_,  1785_MC  )_)  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sincere_JJ  catholic_NN  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  the_AT1  chronic_JJ  disorder_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  matrimonial_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  responsible_JJ  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  reader_NN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  and_CC  fascination_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  apology_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  glimpses_NNS  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   of_IO  catholic_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  personalities_NNS  in_IO  eighteenth-century_JB  London_NP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hartmann_NP  ,_,  himself_PPX1  not_XX  a_AT1  catholic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  writing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  reader_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  included_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  narrative_NN  only_RR  a_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  episodes_NNS  of_IO  catholic_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  since_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Bellamy's_PPIO2  apology_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  so_RG  difficult_JJ  a_AT1  book_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  worth_IO  while_NN  to_TO  attempt_VV0  a_AT1  short_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  do_VD0  justice_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  adherence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  faith_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  up_RP  .  
  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  at_IO  Finglas_NP  ,_,  near_IO  Dublin_NP  ,_,  on_IO  23_MC  April_NN1  1728_MC  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  which_DDQ  her_APP$  mother_NN  wished_VVD  to_TO  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Georgiane_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ,_,  through_IO  some_DD  blunder_NN  ,_,  entered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  baptismal_JJ  register_NN  as_IO  George_NP  Anne_NP  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Bellamy_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quakeress_NN  from_IO  near_IO  Maidstone_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  and_CC  entered_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  liaison_NN  with_IO  James_NP  O'Hara_NP  ,_,  Baron_NNSB1  Kilmaine_NP  and_CC  second_MD  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  (_(  1690-1773_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  field_NN  Marshal_NNSB1  and_CC  diplomat_NN  ,_,  Ambassador_NNSB1  in_IO  Portugal_NP  and_CC  later_RRR  in_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN    singularly_RR  licentious_JJ  even_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  courts_NNS  of_IO  Russia_NP  and_CC  Portugal_NP    ;_;  he_PPHO1  acquired_VVD  three_MC  wives_NNS  and_CC  fourteen_MC  children_NNS  during_IO  his_APP$  Portuguese_JJ  embassy_NN  alone_RR  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  able_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  possessed_NN  of_IO  considerable_JJ  charm_NN  and_CC  some_DD  claim_NN  to_IO  polite_JJ  cultivation_NN  :_:  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  George_NP  Anne_NP  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  inherited_VBN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  catholic_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  George_NP  Anne_NP  brought_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  religion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  school_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Ursulines_NP2  at_IO  Boulogne_NP  .  
  her_APP$  time_NN  there_RL  passed_VVD  happily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  her_APP$  apology_NN  she_PPHO1  always_RR  speaks_VBZ  with_IO  affection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nuns_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  actors_NNS  and_CC  actresses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  when_CS George_NP  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  eleven_MC  or_CC  twelve_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  she_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  mother_NN  were_VBDR  invited_VBN  to_TO  attend_VV0  some_DD  amateur_NN  theatricals_NNS  held_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  barn_NN  at_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Woffington's_PPIO2  Thames-side_JB  residence_NN  at_IO  Teddington_NP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1744_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  performance_NN  was_VBDZ  got_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  Margaret_NP  Woffington's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  Mary_NP  ,_,  aged_JJ  sixteen_MC  ,_,  also_RR  just_RR  home_NN1  from_IO  her_APP$  convent-school_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  was_VBDZ  Ambrose_NP  Phillips'_PPIO2  the_AT1  distressed_JJ  mother_NN  .  
  Garrick_NP  himself_PPX1  played_VVD  Orestes_NP  ,_,  with_IO  Mary_NP  (_(  Polly_NP  )_)  Woffington_NP  as_IO  Hermione_NP  and_CC  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  as_IO  Andromache_NP  .  
    though_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  inferior_JJ  in_IO  beauty_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  fair_JJ  rival_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   ,_,    and_CC  without_IO  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  dress_NN  ,_,  yet_RR  the_AT1  laurel_NN  was_VBDZ  bestowed_VBN  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  unusual_JJ  talent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Garrick_NP  encouraged_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  career_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  misunderstandings_NNS  and_CC  disagreements_NNS  with_IO  Garrick_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  always_RR  an_AT1  easy_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  ;_;  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  admits_VBZ  in_IO  her_APP$  memoirs_NNS  that_CS  her_APP$  break_NN  with_IO  Garrick_NP  in_IO  1753_MC  ,_,  largely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  pique_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  part_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  mistake_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  some_DD  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1744_MC  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  amateur_NN  theatricals_NNS  at_IO  Teddington_NP  ,_,  George_NP  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  John_NP  Rich_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  patentee_NN  and_CC  manager_NN  of_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  her_APP$  de*?2but_NN  as_IO  Monimia_NP  in_IO  Otway's_PPIO2  tragedy_NN  the_AT1  orphan_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leading_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  James_NP  Quin_NP  ,_,  objected_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  inexperienced_JJ  child-actor_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  principal_JB  part_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Rich_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  .  
  her_APP$  appearance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  night_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  nearly_RR  a_AT1  fiasco_NN  ,_,  until_CS  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  act_NN  *"_*'  to_IO  the_AT1  astonishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  surprise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  performers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  exultation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manager_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  myself_PPX1  suddenly_RR  inspired_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  blazed_VVD  out_RP  at_RR  once_RR  with_IO  meridian_JJ  splendour_NN  .  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Quin_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RR  fascinated_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  unexpected_JJ  intervention_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  behind_IO  the_AT1  scenes_NNS  till_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ;_;  when_CS lifting_VBG  me_PPIO1  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  transport_NN  he_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  aloud_RR  ,_,  
    thou_PPY  art_NN  a_AT1  divine_JJ  creature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  true_JJ  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  thee_PPY  .    **"_**'  
  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  George_NP  Anne_NP  had_VHD  two_MC  suitors_NNS  :_:  Lord_NNSB1  Byron_NP  ,_,    a_AT1  nobleman_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  little_DA  to_TO  boast_VV0  of_IO  but_IO  a_AT1  title_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  agreeable_JJ  face_NN    ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Montgomery_NP  (_(  who_PNQS subsequently_RR  became_VVD  ,_,  through_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  name_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  George_NP  Metham_NP  )_)  .  
  there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  half-hearted_JJ  and_CC  unsuccessful_JJ  attempt_NN  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Byron_NP  to_TO  abduct_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  seriously_RR  unwell_JJ  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  recovered_VBN  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  Essex_NP  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  some_DD  relatives_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  visit_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  pass_VV0  off_RP  too_RG  happily_RR  .  
  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  back_RP  to_IO  London_NP  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  for_IO  dinner_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  inn_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  of_IO  Ingatestone_NP  :_:  *"_*'  
  during_IO  dinner_NN  (_(  the_AT1  landlady_NN  )_)  informed_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Petre_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  noble_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  estate_NN  adjoining_VBG  to_IO  that_DD1  town_NN  ;_;  adding_VBG  that_CS  his_APP$  lordship's_NN1$  family_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  worthiest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  Roman_JJ  catholics_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  smiling_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  reservation_NN  ;_;  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  observing_VBG  ,_,  begged_VVD  my_APP$  pardon_NN  ;_;  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  ,_,  Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  one_MC1  .    
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  starting_JJ  tear_NN  glistened_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  eye_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  recollection_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  remissness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  duties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  religion_NN  I_PPIS1  professed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  however_RR  smothered_VVD  the_AT1  upbraidings_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  enquired_VVD  who_PNQS  lived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  so_RG  pleasantly_RR  situated_VBN  at_IO  some_DD  distance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  informed_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  belonged_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  rich_JJ  farmer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  Papishes_NP2  .  
  I_PPIS1  then_RL  desired_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  instruct_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  Roman_JJ  catholics_NNS  and_CC  Papishes_NP2  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  termed_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
    lord_NN  ,_,  miss_NN  ,_,    answered_VVD  she_PPHO1  ,_,    sure_JJ  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  hind_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  .    **"_**'  
  in_IO  1745_MC  Bellamy_NP  rather_RR  unwisely_RR  deserted_VVD  Rich_NP  and_CC  Quin_NP  and_CC  accepted_VVD  an_AT1  offer_NN  from_IO  Tom_NP  Sheridan_NP  to_TO  play_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Smock_NP  Alley_NNL1  Theatre_NNL1  in_IO  Dublin_NP  .  
  arrived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  capital_NN  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  to_TO  call_VV0  on_IO  Miss_NNSB1  O'Hara_NP  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley's_PPIO2  unmarried_JJ  sister_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS welcomed_VVD  her_PPHO1  warmly_RR  and_CC  introduced_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  Dublin's_PPIO2  fashionable_JJ  society_NN  .  
  in_IO  Dublin_NP  she_PPHO1  played_VVD  Cleopatra_NP  in_IO  Dryden's_PPIO2  all_DB  for_IO  love_NN  ,_,  against_IO  Barry's_PPIO2  Antony_NP  and_CC  Sheridan's_PPIO2  Ventidius_NP  ,_,  appearing_VBG  also_RR  in_IO  Rowe's_PPIO2  the_AT1  fair_JJ  penitent_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  provok'd_JJ  husband_NN  by_IO  Vanbrugh_NP  and_CC  Cibber_NP  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  Lord_NNSB1  and_CC  Lady_NNSB1  Townley_NP  were_VBDR  played_VBN  by_IO  Garrick_NP  and_CC  George_NP  Anne_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  great_JJ  success_NN  as_IO  Portia_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  merchant_NN  of_IO  Venice_NP  .  
  while_CS  in_IO  Dublin_NP  she_PPHO1  befriended_VVD  a_AT1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Gunning_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  deepest_JJT  distress_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  turned_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  house_NN  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  later_RRR  the_AT1  celebrated_JJ  eighteenth-century_JB  beauties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Gunning_NP  sisters_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS became_VVD  respectively_RR  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Coventry_NP  and_CC  Duchess_NNSB1  of_IO  Hamilton_NP  .  
  from_IO  even_RR  before_IO  their_APP$  arrival_NN  in_IO  Ireland_NP  George_NP  Anne's_PPIO2  mother_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  trying_VBG  to_TO  induce_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  marry_VV0  an_AT1  Irish_JJ  linen-draper_NN  called_VBN  Crump_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  worthy_JJ  but_CCB  slightly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  little_DA  to_TO  commend_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  except_IO  his_APP$  money_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  insistence_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  match_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  urging_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  who_PNQS wanted_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  his_APP$  daughter_NN  off_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  singularly_RR  stupid_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  blame_VV0  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  unhappiness_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  from_IO  George_NP  Anne's_PPIO2  refusal_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  so_RG  unattractive_JJ  a_AT1  suitor_NN  .  
  although_CS  a_AT1  quaker_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  flighty_JJ  and_CC  worldly_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  friend_NN  and_CC  adviser_NN  her_APP$  brilliant_JJ  daughter_NN  needed_VVD  ;_;  and_CC  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  equally_RR  unsatisfactory_JJ  parent_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  treated_VVD  his_APP$  illegitimate_JJ  children_NNS  kindly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  generously_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  admitted_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  family_NN  circle_NN  as_CS  though_CS  by_IO  right_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  says_VBZ  much_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  patience_NN  and_CC  large-heartedness_NN  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thoroughly_RR  good-natured_JJ  soul_NN  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  care_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fitful_JJ  and_CC  spasmodic_JJ  ,_,  largely_RR  because_IO  of_II  his_APP$  frequent_JJ  absences_NNS  abroad_RR  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ill-equipped_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  anything_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  or_CC  religious_JJ  guidance_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  misfortune_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  birth_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  proper_JJ  home_NN1  must_VM  be_VB0  attributed_VBN  in_IO  large_JJ  part_NN  the_AT1  misfortunes_NNS  of_IO  George_NP  Anne's_PPIO2  life_NN  .  
  back_RP  in_IO  London_NP  George_NP  Anne_NP  became_VVD  the_AT1  principal_JB  tragic_JJ  actress_NN  in_IO  Quin's_PPIO2  company_NN  ,_,  appearing_VBG  as_IO  Belvidera_NP  in_IO  Otway's_PPIO2  Venice_NP  preserv'd_VBN  ,_,  Statira_NP  in_IO  Lee's_PPIO2  the_AT1  rival_JJ  Queens_NNSB2  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  parts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  comedy_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  less_RG  successful_JJ  :_:  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Ward_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  way_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  tragedy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Peg_NP  Woffington_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  supplanted_VBN  as_IO  principal_JB  interpreter_NN  of_IO  comedy_NN  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  George_NP  Anne_NP  made_VVD  creditable_JJ  appearances_NNS  as_IO  Harriet_NP  in_IO  Etherege's_PPIO2  the_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  mode_NN  :_:  or_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Fopling_NP  Flutter_NP  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Froth_NP  in_IO  Congreve's_PPIO2  the_AT1  double-dealer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Fanciful_NP  in_IO  Vanbrugh's_PPIO2  the_AT1  provok'd_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  in_IO  1749_MC  George_NP  Metham_NP  was_VBDZ  renewing_VBG  his_APP$  attentions_NNS  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Bellamy_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Lent_NP  of_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  attending_VBG  the_AT1  Wednesday_NN1  and_CC  Friday_NN1  evening_NN  devotions_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  embassy_NN  chapel_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  places_NNS  of_IO  worship_NN  available_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  catholics_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  since_CS  diplomatic_JJ  privilege_NN  secured_VVD  for_IO  it_PPH1  immunity_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  penal_JJ  laws_NNS  then_RL  in_IO  force_NN  .  
  originally_RR  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  embassy_NN  the_AT1  chapel_NN  ,_,  adjacent_JJ  to_IO  Golden_NP  Square_NNL1  ,_,  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  built_VBN  soon_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  1660_MC  .  
  subsequently_RR  rebuilt_VBN  and_CC  enlarged_VBN  at_IO  different_JJ  periods_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  our_APP$  Lady_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  and_CC  \0St_NNSB1  Gregory_NP  ,_,  Warwick_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  removed_VVD  to_IO  South_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Mayfair_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1736_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  embassy_NN  took_VVD  over_RP  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  chapel_NN  in_IO  Golden_NP  Square_NNL1  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Bellamy_NP  (_(  most_DA  actresses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  once_CS  over_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  usually_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  whether_CS  married_VBN  or_CC  not_XX  )_)  became_VVD  closely_RR  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Bavarian_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  ,_,  Count_NNSB1  Franz_NP  von_&FW  Haslang_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  nobleman_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  character_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  most_RG  faithful_JJ  friends_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  distresses_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  in_IO  1780_MC  the_AT1  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  wrecked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Gordon_NP  riots_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  totally_RR  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  Bellamy's_PPIO2  evidence_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  more_RG  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  furniture_NN  and_CC  appointments_NNS  were_VBDR  destroyed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  fabric_NN  badly_RR  damaged_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  the_AT1  chapel_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  occasional_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  that_DD1  held_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  Count's_NNSB2  funeral_NN  in_IO  1783_MC  ,_,  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  rebuilt_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1787_MC  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  no_AT1  real_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  doubting_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  then_RL  surely_RR  Warwick_NP  Street_NNL1  church_NN  can_VM  claim_VV0  the_AT1  longest_JJT  continuity_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  of_IO  any_DD  catholic_JJ  church_NN  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  certain_JJ  chapels_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  noble_JJ  houses_NNS  or_CC  to_IO  religious_JJ  communities_NNS  .  
  such_DA  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hartmann's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  clergy_NNS  at_IO  Warwick_NP  Street_NNL1  when_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Bellamy_NP  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  John_NP  Darcy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  there_RL  from_IO  1748_MC  to_IO  1758_MC  and_CC  who_PNQS appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  her_APP$  confessor_NN  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  director_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  her_APP$  trusted_JJ  friend_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  mentions_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  \0Dr_NNSB1  James_NP  Archer_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  begun_VBN  life_NN  as_IO  potboy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  tavern_NN  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  Sardinian_JJ  chapel_NN  in_IO  Lincoln's_PPIO2  Inn_NNL1  Fields_NPLS  ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  sermons_NNS  went_VVD  through_IO  several_DA  editions_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  appreciated_VBN  by_IO  catholics_NNS  and_CC  protestants_NNS  alike_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  also_RR  knew_VVD  well_RR  the_AT1  celebrated_JJ  Franciscan_NN1  Arthur_NP  O'Leary_NP  ,_,  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Patrick's_PPIO2  ,_,  Soho_NP  Square_NNL1  .  
  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1749_MC  :_:  before_IO  long_RR  George_NP  Anne_NP  Bellamy_NP  considered_VVD  herself_PPX1  as_CS  virtually_RR  engaged_VBN  to_IO  George_NP  Metham_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  unfortunately_RR  Lord_NNSB1  Tyrawley_NP  intervened_VVD  and_CC  expressed_VVD  great_JJ  displeasure_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  rejection_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crump_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  insistent_JJ  on_IO  her_APP$  marrying_VBG  .  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  art_NN  education_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0H_NP  \0S_NP  Broudy_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  irks_VBZ  the_AT1  art_NN  teacher_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  art_NN  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  luxury_NN  item_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  bill_NN  of_IO  fare_NN  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  no_PN1  one_PN  likes_VBZ  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  his_APP$  life's_NN1$  work_NN  as_CS  easily_RR  dispensable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  experience_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  when_CS school_NN  money_NN  is_VBZ  scarce_JJ  art_NN  is_VBZ  among_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  activities_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  dispensed_VBN  with_IO  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  fine_JJ  and_CC  highly_RR  cherished_JJ  objects_NNS  are_VBR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  luxuries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  may_VM  question_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  convince_VV0  the_AT1  public_NN  that_CS  art_NN  and_CC  music_NN  are_VBR  as_RG  useful_JJ  as_IO  arithmetic_NN  and_CC  science_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  wise_JJ  strategy_NN  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  claim_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  justified_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  claim_NN  has_VHZ  dubious_JJ  validity_NN  .  
  that_CS  artistic_JJ  activity_NN  produces_VBZ  important_JJ  results_NNS  is_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  individual_JJ  enjoyment_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  such_DA  result_VV0  and_CC  social_JJ  control_NN  or_CC  discipline_NN  is_VBZ  another_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  art_NN  that_PNQS does_VBZ  this_DD1  for_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  kind_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  studied_VBN  in_IO  school_NN  .  
  the_AT1  popular_JJ  arts_NNS  via_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  media_NNS  furnish_VV0  massive_JJ  doses_NNS  of_IO  enjoyment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  masses_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  and_CC  likewise_RR  shape_VV0  their_APP$  feelings_NNS  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  what_DDQ  in_IO  our_APP$  culture_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  cherished_VBN  ,_,  admired_VBN  ,_,  loved_VBN  and_CC  hated_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  feel_VV0  about_IO  love_NN  ,_,  death_NN  ,_,  success_NN  ,_,  war_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  movies_NNS  ,_,  popular_JJ  fiction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  top_JB  20_MC  tunes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  jukebox_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  advertising_NN  layouts_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  magazines_NNS  and_CC  newspapers_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  arts_NNS  present_VV0  in_IO  perceptual_JJ  form_NN  images_NNS  or_CC  models_NNS  that_PNQS objectify_VV0  and_CC  exhibit_VV0  the_AT1  current_JJ  fashion_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  desirable_JJ  and_CC  repulsive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  popular_JJ  arts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  people_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  set_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  celebrate_VV0  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  people_NN  .  
  when_CS these_DD2  values_NNS  are_VBR  put_VBN  into_IO  song_NN  and_CC  story_NN  they_PPHS2  evoke_VV0  feelings_NNS  that_PNQS become_VV0  stylised_VBN  and_CC  serve_VV0  to_TO  educate_VV0  the_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  alike_RR  .  
  advertisers_NNS  use_VV0  art_NN  media_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  public_NN  yearn_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  products_NNS  ;_;  governments_NNS  can_VM  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  put_VV0  their_APP$  minds_NNS  to_IO  it_PPH1  shape_VV0  the_AT1  feelings_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  people_NNS  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  leaders_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  policies_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  reiterate_VV0  ,_,  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO  art_NN  demands_VBZ  no_AT1  formal_JJ  training_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  .  
  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  forms_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  art_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  makes_VBZ  sense_NN  only_RR  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  art_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  ordinary_JJ  daily_JJ  experience_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  give_VV0  the_AT1  pupil_NN  access_NN  ;_;  if_CS  access_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  will_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  something_PN1  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  ordinary_JJ  transactions_NNS  with_IO  popular_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  this_DD1  requires_VBZ  formal_JJ  training_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  an_AT1  art_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  ordinary_JJ  routines_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  give_VV0  the_AT1  pupil_NN  adequate_JJ  access_NN  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  sense_NN  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  no_UH  ,_,  because_CS  anyone_PN1  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  tries_VBZ  hard_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  can_VM  visit_VV0  museums_NNS  and_CC  libraries_NNS  ;_;  listen_VV0  to_IO  concerts_NNS  and_CC  recordings_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  justly_RR  proud_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  accessibility_NN  of_IO  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  objects_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  media_NNS  deserve_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  credit_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  another_DD1  sense_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  certain_JJ  realms_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  are_VBR  effectively_RR  closed_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  many_DA  people_NNS  .  
  when_CS considerable_JJ  facility_NN  or_CC  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  making_VBG  or_CC  viewing_VBG  an_AT1  art_NN  object_NN  are_VBR  required_VBN  for_IO  appreciation_NN  ,_,  ignorance_NN  is_VBZ  as_RG  effective_JJ  a_AT1  bar_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  poor_JJ  readers_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  much_DA  with_IO  Proust's_PPIO2  novels_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  familiarity_NN  with_IO  Greek_JJ  mythology_NN  makes_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  frustrating_JJ  experience_NN  with_IO  Milton's_PPIO2  paradise_NN  lost_VBN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  irritation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  untutored_JJ  viewer_NN  vis_&FW  a_&FW  vis_&FW  abstract_JJ  painting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  for_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  there_RL  and_CC  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  there_RL  .  
  this_DD1  irritation_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  relieved_VBN  by_IO  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  painting_NN  be_VB0  viewed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  wall_NN  paper_NN  or_CC  floor_NN  covering_NN  .  
  hard_JJ  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  artist_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  halt_VV0  the_AT1  viewer's_NN1$  frantic_JJ  search_NN  for_IO  familiar_JJ  themes_NNS  and_CC  objects_NNS  .  
  serious_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  ,_,  does_VBZ  make_VV0  demands_NNS  that_PNQS popular_JJ  art_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  :_:  sensitive_JJ  discrimination_NN  ,_,  awareness_NN  of_IO  form_NN  ,_,  some_DD  familiarity_NN  with_IO  technique_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  an_AT1  active_JJ  and_CC  concentrated_JJ  attention_NN  .  
  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  serious_JJ  art_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  easily_RR  accessible_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  untutored_JJ  .  
  because_CS  facility_NN  with_IO  serious_JJ  art_NN  requires_VBZ  skill_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  not_XX  acquired_VBN  incidentally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  sense_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  offer_VV0  a_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  art_NN  education_NN  .  
  but_CCB  because_CS  such_DA  training_NN  entails_VBZ  effort_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  child_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  exert_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  require_VV0  it_PPH1  of_IO  everyone_PN1  calls_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  promise_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  and_CC  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  promised_VBN  enjoyment_NN  and_CC  satisfaction_NN  above_IO  and_CC  beyond_IO  those_DD2  afforded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  arts_NNS  ;_;  to_IO  society_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  promised_VBN  a_AT1  strengthening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people's_NN1$  commitment_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  ideals_NNS  and_CC  aspirations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  constant_JJ  examination_NN  and_CC  evaluation_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  lines_NNS  of_IO  argument_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  can_VM  follow_VV0  to_TO  justify_VV0  these_DD2  promises_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  ,_,  epoch_NN  after_IO  epoch_NN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  men_NNS  who_PNQS testify_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  and_CC  value_NN  of_IO  serious_JJ  art_NN  .  
  why_CS one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  predict_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  children_NNS  and_CC  perhaps_RR  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  will_VM  experience_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  reaction_NN  after_IO  similar_JJ  training_NN  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  ,_,  yet_CF  so_RR  convinced_VBN  are_VBR  educators_NNS  that_CS  aesthetic_JJ  experience_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  capricious_JJ  and_CC  individual_JJ  matter_NN  of_IO  taste_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  find_VV0  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  unconvincing_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  line_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  consists_VBZ  in_IO  putting_VBG  forward_RR  a_AT1  theory_NN  that_PNQS tries_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS art_NN  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  serious_JJ  art_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  functions_VV0  in_IO  man's_NN1$  attempt_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  good_JJ  life_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  Plato_NP  to_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  times_NNS  many_DA  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  interpret_VV0  what_DDQ  art_NN  does_VBZ  .  
  for_IO  Plato_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  art_NN  by_IO  embodying_VBG  harmony_NN  and_CC  order_NN  in_IO  delightfully_RR  sensuous_JJ  forms_NNS  induced_VVD  harmony_NN  and_CC  order_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  soul_NN  .  
  so_RG  potent_JJ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  believe_VV0  art_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  on_IO  having_VHG  the_AT1  stories_NNS  and_CC  poems_NNS  taught_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  censored_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  lest_CS  certain_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  music_NN  make_VV0  boys_NNS  effeminate_JJ  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  believe_VV0  that_CS  stories_NNS  depicting_VBG  gods_NNS  and_CC  heroes_NNS  in_IO  immoral_JJ  escapades_NNS  would_VM  do_VD0  much_DA  for_IO  character_NN  education_NN  .  
  Susanne_NP  \0K_NP  Langer_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  art_NN  as_CS  shaping_VBG  our_APP$  inner_JB  life_NN  .  
  art_NN  introduces_VBZ  order_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  chaotic_JJ  realm_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  emotions_NNS  by_IO  holding_VBG  up_RP  before_IO  us_PPIO2   images_NNS  of_IO  shaped_JJ  feelings_NNS  .  
  Freud_NP  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Herbert_NP  Read_NP  ,_,  among_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  see_VV0  art_NN  as_CS  stemming_VBG  from_IO  man's_NN1$  struggle_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  submerged_JJ  animal_JJ  impulses_NNS  to_IO  love_NN  and_CC  destruction_NN  .  
  art_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  somehow_RR  plumbs_VBZ  the_AT1  nether_JB  region_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unconscious_JJ  and_CC  performs_VBZ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  rite_NN  of_IO  ennobling_VBG  our_APP$  unconscious_JJ  transactions_NNS  with_IO  our_APP$  primordial_JJ  lusts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  artist_NN  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  our_APP$  substitute_NN  for_IO  neurosis_NN  .  
  Gyorgy_NP  Kepes_NP  notes_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  respond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  images_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  artist_NN  because_CS  their_APP$  forms_NNS  and_CC  harmonies_NNS  touch_VV0  us_PPIO2   at_IO  various_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  being_NN  :_:  sensational_JJ  ,_,  rational_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  emotional_JJ  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  revolution_NN  swept_VVD  into_IO  high_JJ  gear_NN  William_NP  Morris_NP  warned_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  rhythmic_JJ  joy_NN  of_IO  work_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  destroyed_VBN  .  
  repeatedly_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  told_VBN  that_CS  everyday_JB  life_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  times_NNS  no_RR  longer_RRR  provides_VBZ  us_PPIO2   with_IO  the_AT1  models_NNS  of_IO  wholeness_NN  and_CC  harmony_NN  that_PNQS were_VBDR  once_RR  vouchsafed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  peasant_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  natural_JJ  setting_NN  .  
  art_NN  is_VBZ  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  relied_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  restore_VV0  the_AT1  wholeness_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  summing_VBG  it_PPH1  up_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  justification_NN  for_IO  education_NN  in_IO  serious_JJ  art_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  claim_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  trains_VBZ  the_AT1  feeling_NN  side_NN  of_IO  life_NN  just_RR  as_CS  other_DA  studies_NNS  train_VV0  the_AT1  intellectual_JJ  side_NN  and_CC  still_RR  others_DA2  perfect_VV0  bodily_JJ  skills_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS goes_VBZ  beyond_IO  the_AT1  educative_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  popular_JJ  art_NN  .  
  two_MC  problems_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  emerge_VV0  if_CS  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  this_DD1  line_NN  of_IO  persuasion_NN  with_IO  school_NN  boards_NNS  and_CC  parents_NNS  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  whether_CS  even_RR  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  serious_JJ  art_NN  the_AT1  school_NN  need_VM  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  provide_VV0  an_AT1  environment_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  natural_JJ  expressive_JJ  impulses_NNS  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  manifest_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  paint_NN  ,_,  clay_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  requirements_NNS  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  require_VV0  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  encouraging_JJ  teacher_NN  .  
  the_AT1  upsurge_NN  of_IO  Sunday_NN1  painting_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  perhaps_RR  not_XX  even_RR  this_RG  much_DA  is_VBZ  a_AT1  prerequisite_NN  for_IO  adult_JJ  artistic_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  casting_VBG  doubt_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  approach_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  well-nigh_RR  universal_JJ  testimony_NN  of_IO  artists_NNS  and_CC  connoisseurs_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  fields_NNS  that_CS  their_APP$  achievements_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  come_VV0  naturally_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  complain_VV0  with_IO  almost_RR  tedious_JJ  uniformity_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  hard_JJ  work_NN  their_APP$  artistic_JJ  endeavours_NNS  entail_VV0  .  
  serious_JJ  art_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  producing_JJ  or_CC  the_AT1  appreciating_JJ  side_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  lazy_JJ  ,_,  nor_CC  presumably_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  untrained_JJ  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  systematic_JJ  to_TO  teach_VV0  ,_,  no_AT1  special_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  teaching_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  effort_NN  required_VBN  in_IO  learning_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  fuss_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  programme_NN  is_VBZ  much_DA  ado_NN  about_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  point_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  art_NN  education_NN  which_DDQ  proposes_VBZ  to_TO  train_VV0  pupils_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  appreciation_NN  of_IO  serious_JJ  art_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  innocuous_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  .  
  serious_JJ  art_NN  presents_VBZ  us_PPIO2   with_IO  models_NNS  of_IO  feeling_NN  that_PNQS are_VBR  neither_LE  so_RG  familiar_JJ  nor_CC  so_RG  safe_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  presented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  arts_NNS  .  
  popular_JJ  art_NN  gives_VBZ  aesthetic_JJ  form_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  that_PNQS most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  are_VBR  enjoying_VBG  or_CC  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  order_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  standard_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  feeling_VBG  about_IO  love_NN  ,_,  war_NN  ,_,  marriage_NN  ,_,  death_NN  ,_,  home_NN1  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  song_NN  ,_,  picture_NN  ,_,  photograph_NN  ,_,  movie_NN  ,_,  and_CC  story_NN  the_AT1  average_JJ  man_NN  recognises_VBZ  his_APP$  everyday_JB  problems_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  standard_JJ  solutions_NNS  .  
  serious_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  tries_VBZ  to_TO  disclose_VV0  modes_NNS  of_IO  feelings_NNS  that_PNQS in_IO  our_APP$  ordinary_JJ  life_NN  we_PPIS2  rarely_RR  experience_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  probably_RR  prefer_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  experience_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  heroic_JJ  episodes_NNS  of_IO  love_NN  ,_,  war_NN  ,_,  or_CC  politics_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  every_AT1  epoch_NN  a_DA  few_DA  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  depict_VV0  mankind_NN  in_IO  such_DA  heroic_JJ  and_CC  convincing_JJ  roles_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  in_IO  them_PPHO1  our_APP$  species_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  best_JJT  .  
  these_DD2  works_NNS  become_VV0  certified_VBN  as_IO    great_JJ    works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  always_RR  by_IO  their_APP$  contemporary_JJ  publics_NNS  .  
  contemporary_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  when_CS serious_JJ  ,_,  criticises_VBZ  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  culture_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  this_DD1  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  protest_NN  ;_;  at_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  it_PPH1  simply_RR  experiments_VBZ  freely_RR  with_IO  emotions_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  expression_NN  in_IO  unusual_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  serious_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  in_IO  its_APP$  classical_JJ  or_CC  contemporaneous_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  freely_RR  experimental_JJ  or_CC  definitely_RR  idealistic_JJ  ,_,  confronts_VBZ  the_AT1  child_NN  with_IO  models_NNS  of_IO  experience_NN  and_CC  feeling_NN  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  typical_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  images_NNS  it_PPH1  offers_VBZ  the_AT1  child_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  mirrors_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  but_CCB  projections_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  life_NN  might_VM  feel_VV0  like_IO  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  images_NNS  are_VBR  distortions_NNS  .  
  some_DD  are_VBR  interesting_JJ  and_CC  important_JJ  ;_;  some_DD  border_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  insane_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  disclose_VV0  visions_NNS  of_IO  feeling_NN  that_PNQS haul_VV0  mankind_NN  up_IO  another_DD1  rung_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ladder_NN  of_IO  civilisation_NN  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  school_NN  takes_VBZ  serious_JJ  art_NN  seriously_RR  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  expose_VV0  the_AT1  immature_JJ  pupil_NN  to_IO  anything_PN1  and_CC  everything_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  in_IO  turn_NN  presupposes_VBZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  order_NN  of_IO  aesthetic_JJ  sophistication_NN  and_CC  competence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  all_DB  teachers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  .  
  so_RR  conceived_VBN  and_CC  defended_VBN  a_AT1  case_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  art_NN  education_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  education_NN  .  
  that_CS  school_NN  boards_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  appropriating_JJ  agencies_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  convinced_VBN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  certain_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  represent_VV0  the_AT1  tension_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  that_PNQS is_VBZ  never_RR  absent_JJ  from_IO  a_AT1  changing_JJ  society_NN  .  
  the_AT1  artistic_JJ  experience_NN  is_VBZ  intermittent_JJ  and_CC  celebrative_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  meaning_NN  and_CC  glow_NN  to_IO  life_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  neither_LE  creates_VBZ  life_NN  nor_CC  sustains_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  school_NN  must_VM  pay_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  all_DB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  living_NN    economic_JJ  ,_,  intellectual_JJ  ,_,  moral_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  social_JJ    and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  choice_NN  between_IO  preserving_VBG  and_CC  sustaining_VBG  life_NN  ,_,  on_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  making_VBG  it_PPH1  glow_VV0  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  question_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  choose_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  no_RR  longer_RRR  face_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  hard_JJ  choice_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  discussing_VBG  art_NN  education_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  from_IO  myth_NN  to_IO  fairy-tale_NN  and_CC  folk_JB  lore_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0J_NP  \0M_NP  Grant_NP  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  acknowledged_VBN  my_APP$  indebtedness_NN  to_IO  particular_JJ  authors_NNS  for_IO  particular_JJ  information_NN  .  
  where_CS I_PPIS1  may_VM  inadvertently_RR  have_VH0  omitted_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  authors_NNS  concerned_VBN  will_VM  accept_VV0  my_APP$  general_JJ  acknowledgment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  sustained_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  writings_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  gained_VBN  from_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  fascinating_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  mythology_NN  ,_,  fairy_NN  tale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  folk-lore_NN  .  Myfanwy_NP  Piper_NP  .  
  on_IO  art_NN  .  
    Henri_NP  Rousseau's_PPIO2  art_NN  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  and_CC  formed_VBN  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  .  
  free_JJ  from_IO  work_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  cheerful_JJ  heart_NN  ,_,  compose_VV0  images_NNS  while_CS  listening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  songs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Faubourg_NP  .    
  the_AT1  little_JJ  book_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Frenchman_NN1  Roch_NP  Grey_NP  from_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  simple_JJ  words_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  twenties_MC2  :_:  my_APP$  copy_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  ,_,  translated_VBN  in_IO  Rome_NP  .  
  written_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  intellectual_JJ  sententiousness_NN  and_CC  poetic_JJ  sentimentalism_NN  peculiar_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  French_JJ  writing_NN  about_IO  art_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  often_RR  than_CS  not_XX  reduced_VBN  to_IO  fantasy_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  literal_JJ  translation_NN      product_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tendencies_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  working_VBG  outside_IO  every_AT1  heritage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  some_DD  paradisical_JJ  superfluity_NN  treating_VBG  of_IO  universal_JJ  harmony_NN  ,_,  Henri_NP  lived_VVD  a_AT1  life_NN  without_IO  malice_NN  .    
  and_CC  yet_RR  ,_,  its_APP$  earnest_JJ  appreciation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  spirit_NN  ,_,  mingled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  absurdity_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  phrases_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  deceased_JJ  painter's_NN1$  studio_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  inextricable_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Douanier_NP  .  
  even_RR  today_NN1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS    ugly_JJ  ,_,  silent_JJ  dogs_NNS  played_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .    is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  pictures_NNS  :_:  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  describing_VBG  the_AT1  climax_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hostile_JJ  reception_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Rue_NNL1  Perrel_NP  ,_,  \0M_NNSB1  Grey_NP  says_VBZ  ,_,    another_DD1  person_NN  was_VBDZ  visibly_RR  preparing_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fray_NN  ;_;  striped_JJ  like_IO  a_AT1  mattress_NN  he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  .    
  I_PPIS1  visualize_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  dusty_JJ  summer_NN  street_NN  another_DD1  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  footballers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  a_AT1  book_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  enjoyed_VBN  at_IO  intervals_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  out_RP  this_DD1  time_NN  because_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  casually_RR  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  Rousseau's_PPIO2  pictures_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Gallerie_NP  Charpentier_NP  in_IO  March_NN1  and_CC  because_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  recently_RR  seen_VBN  the_AT1  two_MC  fine_JJ  ones_CD1S  in_IO  the_AT1  Hay_NP  Whitney_NP  collection_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  happy_JJ  quartet_NN  ,_,  looks_VBZ  back_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  way_NN  to_IO  Blake_NP  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  because_IO  of_II  a_AT1  nai"ve_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  felicity_NN  as_CS  because_CS  Rousseau_NP  obviously_RR  derived_VVD  inspiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  poses_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  cherubic_JJ  child_NN  from_IO  looking_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  Blake_NP  did_VDD  ,_,  at_IO  engravings_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  masters_NNS  .  
  thinking_VBG  about_IO  Rousseau_NP  leads_VBZ  one_MC1  to_TO  ask_VV0  why_CS nai"ve_JJ  painting_NN  has_VHZ  such_DA  a_AT1  hold_NN  upon_IO  our_APP$  imagination_NN  today_NN1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  painting_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sophisticated_JJ  artist_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  discrepancy_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  margin_NN  of_IO  unattainable_JJ  perfection_NN  ,_,  of_IO  rapture_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  intention_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  artist_NN  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  that_DD1  discrepancy_NN    indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  often_RR  seems_VBZ  non-existent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  spectator_NN    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  painter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  greater_JJ  ,_,  inevitably_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  discrepancy_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  soaring_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  vision_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  today_NN1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  vision_NN  ,_,  or_CC  belief_NN  ,_,  or_CC  intention_NN  even_RR  ,_,  lies_VBZ  in_IO  that_DD1  region_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  bounds_NNS  of_IO  execution_NN  .  
  when_CS artists_NNS  painted_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  or_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  painted_VVD  man_NN  the_AT1  perfectible_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paradise_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  lost_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  through_IO  grace_NN  regain_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  imaginable_JJ  ;_;  at_RR  least_RR  its_APP$  spiritual_JJ  values_NNS  were_VBDR  known_VBN  .  
  now_RL  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  nai"ve_JJ  painter_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  margin_NN  between_IO  his_APP$  intention_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  result_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  paints_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  exact_JJ  limit_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  vision_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  humble_JJ  capacity_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  his_APP$  nai"vete*?2_NN  or_CC  lack_NN  of_IO  sophistication_NN  lies_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  his_APP$  appeal_NN  lies_VBZ  .  
  Rousseau_NP  once_RR  wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  mayor_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  town_NN  Laval_NP  ,_,  offering_VBG  to_TO  sell_VV0  la_&FW  Bohe*?2mienne_&FW  endormie_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  :_:  
    a_AT1  wandering_JJ  negress_NN  ,_,  playing_VBG  her_APP$  mandolin_NN  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  jar_NN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  (_(  a_AT1  vase_NN  containing_VBG  water_NN  )_)  ,_,  sleeps_VBZ  deeply_RR  ,_,  worn_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  fatigue_NN  .  
  a_AT1  lion_NN  wanders_VBZ  by_RP  ,_,  detects_VBZ  her_PPHO1  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  devour_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  an_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  moonlight_NN  ,_,  very_RG  poetic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  scene_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  completely_RR  arid_JJ  desert_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gypsy_NN  is_VBZ  dressed_VBN  in_IO  oriental_JJ  fashion_NN  .    
  the_AT1  simple_JJ  exactitude_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  words_NNS  matches_VBZ  the_AT1  clarity_NN  and_CC  finality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  confidence_NN  and_CC  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  painter_NN  shines_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  words_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  biographical_JJ  note_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  upon_IO  himself_PPX1  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  perfected_VVD  himself_PPX1  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  manner_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  adopted_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  realist_JJ  painters_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  absence_NN  of_IO  anxiety_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  simple_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  it_PPH1  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  fault_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  repose_NN  and_CC  strength_NN  .  
  Picasso_NP  ,_,  Braque_NP  ,_,  Max_NP  Jacob_NP  ,_,  Appollinaire_NP  and_CC  many_DA  others_DA2  in_IO  his_APP$  lifetime_NN  were_VBDR  entertained_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  absurdities_NNS  ,_,  took_VVD  advantage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  susceptibility_NN  to_IO  hoaxes_NNS  ,_,  loved_VVD  his_APP$  good_JJ  temper_NN  and_CC  dogged_JJ  persistence_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  work_NN    and_CC  accepted_VVD  his_APP$  paintings_NNS  as_IO  manna_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blessing_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unassailable_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  unquestioned_JJ  ,_,  calm_NN  .  
  Myfanwy_NP  Piper_NP  .  
  on_IO  art_NN  .  
  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  over_RP  are_VBR  not_XX  always_RR  done_VBN  with_II  too_RR  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  timetable_NN  .  
  pictures_NNS  and_CC  personalities_NNS  that_PNQS ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  tidied_VBN  away_RP  after_IO  their_APP$  airing_NN  occupy_VV0  one's_$  mind_NN  with_IO  images_NNS  and_CC  questions_NNS  and_CC  memories_NNS  .  
  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  particular_JJ  sticker_NN  .  
  partly_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  never_RR  finally_RR  be_VB0  pinned_VBN  down_RP  .  
  confronted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  vitality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  daring_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ingenuity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  colour_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  boldness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  take-it-or-leave-it_JB  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  compositions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  en_&FW  masse_&FW  at_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  at_IO  Albi_NP  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  artist_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  before_II  .  
  reading_VBG  Henri_NP  Perruchot's_PPIO2  thorough_JJ  and_CC  imaginative_JJ  biography_NN  (_(  out_RP  last_DA  year_NN  )_)  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  picture_NN  books_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Moulin_NP  Rouge_NP  film_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  legends_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  lithographs_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  before_II  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  Albi_NP  ,_,  rosy_JJ  but_CCB  fierce_JJ  ,_,  dominating_VBG  a_AT1  countryside_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  have_VH0  changed_VBN  very_RG  little_RR  since_IO  medieval_JJ  times_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  that_DD1  extraordinary_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  pictures_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  medieval_JJ  minded_JJ  families_NNS  ,_,  took_VVD  on_RP  a_AT1  marvellous_JJ  new_JJ  sharpness_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  again_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  Tate_NP  Gallery_NNL1  last_DA  month_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  persistent_JJ  question_NN  raised_VBN  by_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Perruchot's_PPIO2  book_NN  is_VBZ  how_CS far_RR  the_AT1  artist_NN  Lautrec_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  crippled_JJ  state_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  record_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  between_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  that_DD1  other_DA  classic_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  invalid_NN  whose_PNQV$  disability_NN  turned_VVD  him_PPHO1  into_IO  an_AT1  artist_NN  ,_,  Marcel_NP  Proust_NP  .  
  someone_PN1  at_IO  a_AT1  restaurant_NN  described_VVD  how_CS Lautrec's_PPIO2  father_NN  ,_,  Count_NNSB1  Alphonse_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  watched_VBN  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  woman_NN  admiring_VBG  a_AT1  ring_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  window_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  marched_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  bought_VBN  it_PPH1  for_IO  5,000_MC  francs_NNS  (_(  *+800_NNU  today_NN1  )_)  and_CC  handed_VBN  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  flourish_NN  .  
    and_CC  they_PPHS2  accuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  of_IO  extravagance_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Lautrec_NP  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  Proust_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  such_DA  gestures_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  stupid_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  even_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  certain_JJ  usefulness_NN  for_CS  they_PPHS2  asserted_VVD  caste_NN  .  
  whereupon_CS  Lautrec_NP  muttered_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  middle-class_JJ  stupidity_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  always_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO    admire_VV0  an_AT1  absurd_JJ  gesture_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  sunset_NN  .    
  Proust_NP  and_CC  Lautrec_NP  belonged_VVD  to_IO  different_JJ  worlds_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  precisely_RR  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  worlds_NNS  that_PNQS made_VVD  Proust_NP  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  woman_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  able_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  intensity_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  desire_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  curiosity_NN  to_TO  possess_VV0  the_AT1  ring_NN  .  
  to_IO  Count_NNSB1  Alphonse_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  jewel_NN  worth_IO  5,000_MC  francs_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  Proust_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crusades_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  jockey_NN  club_NN  ,_,  eccentricity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nobility_NN  ,_,  himself_PPX1  watching_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  even_RR  Lautrec's_PPIO2  cutting_JJ  comment_NN  ,_,  all_DB  epitomized_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  little_JJ  glittering_JJ  symbol_NN  .  
  and_CC  something_PN1  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  possess_VV0  except_CS  by_IO  being_VBG  outside_RP  it_PPH1  .  
  for_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  observing_NN  and_CC  writing_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  life_NN  and_CC  truth_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  life_NN  and_CC  truth_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  know_VV0  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  ill_JJ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  invent_VV0  illness_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  keep_VV0  himself_PPX1  outside_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  not_XX  so_PN1  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  :_:  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  French_JJ  aristocrat_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  taste_NN  ,_,  developed_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  mania_NN  ,_,  for_IO  hunting_NN  ,_,  shooting_NN  ,_,  riding_NN  ,_,  falconry_NN  ,_,  racing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  strong_JJ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  embraced_VBN  that_DD1  life_NN  naturally_RR  and_CC  violently_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  drawn_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  did_VDD  ,_,  for_IO  relaxation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Counts_NNSB2  of_IO  Toulouse-Lautrec_NP  Monfa_NP  had_VHD  another_DD1  characteristic_NN  :_:  absolute_JJ  unselfconscious_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  complete_JJ  detachment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  energy_NN  that_PNQS in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  is_VBZ  used_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  doubt_NN  and_CC  insecurity_NN  was_VBDZ  free_JJ  in_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  ,_,  how_CS they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  energy_NN  ,_,  coupled_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  inherited_JJ  talent_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  accident_NN  of_IO  Lautrec's_PPIO2  deformity_NN  and_CC  weakness_NN  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  free_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  for_IO  art_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  explain_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  moved_VBN  to_IO  tears_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  praise_NN  from_IO  De*?2gas_NP  .  
  Myfanwy_NP  Piper_NP  .  
  on_IO  art_NN  .  
  the_AT1  artist_NN  in_IO  Rome_NP  .  
  intellectual_JJ  clarity_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pure_JJ  ,_,  forward-looking_JJ  passions_NNS  aroused_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  are_VBR  always_RR  being_VBG  betrayed_VBN  by_IO  memory_NN  .  
  nowhere_RR  does_VBZ  this_DD1  show_VV0  itself_PPX1  more_RG  clearly_RR  than_CS  in_IO  art_NN  .  
  and_CC  nowhere_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  in_IO  Italy_NP  were_VBDR  artists_NNS  more_RG  vociferous_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  fierce_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  cut_VV0  themselves_PPX2  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  not_XX  merely_RR  to_TO  tease_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  incongruities_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  moustache_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Mona_NP  Lisa_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  destroy_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  to_TO  reject_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  so_RR  to_TO  free_VV0  themselves_PPX2  from_IO  the_AT1  insinuations_NNS  of_IO  memory_NN  and_CC  of_IO  association_NN  .  
  Marinetti's_PPIO2  futurist_JJ  manifesto_NN  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  an_AT1  anarchist_NN  lark_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  bid_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  artists_NNS  for_IO  freedom_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  serious_JJ  proposal_NN  to_TO  blow_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  sun-warmed_JB  golden_JJ  prison_NN  of_IO  walls_NNS  and_CC  towers_NNS  that_PNQS threatened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  barrier_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  living_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  escape_VV0  forever_RR  its_APP$  benign_JJ  warders_NNS  :_:  painted_JJ  angels_NNS  ,_,  prophets_NNS  ,_,  heroes_NNS  ,_,  philosophers_NNS  and_CC  holy_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  this_DD1  pious_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  rejection_NN  ,_,  though_CS  like_IO  a_AT1  bloodless_JJ  sacrifice_NN  it_PPH1  destroyed_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  did_VDD  ,_,  by_IO  magic_NN  and_CC  belief_NN  set_VV0  them_PPHO1  free_JJ  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  modern_JJ  movements_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  of_IO  America_NP  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  consistent_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  freedom_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  Milan_NP  where_CS a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  artists_NNS  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  expanding_VBG  and_CC  experimenting_VBG  ,_,  looking_VBG  to_IO  an_AT1  imagined_JJ  future_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  faster_RRR  and_CC  faster_RRR  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  material_JJ  present_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  less_DA  and_CC  less_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  foot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  soaring_VBG  into_IO  space_NN  ,_,  moving_VBG  or_CC  static_JJ  ,_,  enveloping_VBG  or_CC  enveloped_VBN  ,_,  carved_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  pierced_VBN  ,_,  martyred_VBN  in_IO  four_MC  dimensions_NNS  like_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  everywhere_RR  .  
  Rome_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  such_DA  violent_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  capital_JJ  city_NN  it_PPH1  offers_VBZ  what_DDQ  capital_JJ  cities_NNS  do_VD0  :_:  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  Picassos_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Henry_NP  Moore_NP  show_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  travelling_VBG  Europe_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  18th_MD  and_CC  19th_MD  century_NN  landscapes_NNS  ,_,  luring_VBG  one_MC1  with_IO  its_APP$  poster_NN  of_IO  Corot's_PPIO2  urn_NN  and_CC  view_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Pincio_NP  to_TO  abandon_VV0  once_RR  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  our_APP$  fragmentary_JJ  age_NN  and_CC  to_TO  dwell_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  arch_NN  of_IO  pellucid_JJ  golden_JJ  light_NN  where_CS a_AT1  column_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  destruction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  eternity_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  commercial_JJ  galleries_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  desultory_JJ  collection_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  season_NN  ,_,  of_IO  Roman_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  Italian_JJ  artists_NNS  fighting_VBG  their_APP$  battle_NN  against_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  or_CC  giving_VBG  themselves_PPX2  up_RP  to_IO  an_AT1  illusory_JJ  affair_NN  with_IO  some_DD  faded_JJ  beauty-spot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  coming_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  rather_RR  worse_JJ  than_CS  such_DA  ill-advised_JJ  lovers_NNS  elsewhere_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  instructive_JJ  is_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  three_MC  aspects_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN    realist_JJ  ,_,  abstract_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  curious_JJ  cabalistic_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  symbolism_NN  and_CC  fantasy_NN  mixed_VBN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  no_AT1  tidy_JJ  name_NN    in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  setting_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  light_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  things_NNS  become_VV0  very_RG  clear_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  realism_NN  of_IO  Guttuso_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  followers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  found_VBN  their_APP$  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  route_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  inheritors_NNS  of_IO  futurism_NN  ,_,  bears_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  directly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  collective_JJ  habits_NNS  ,_,  needs_NNS  and_CC  passions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  people_NN  than_CS  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  realistic_JJ  painting_NN  produced_VBN  by_IO  artists_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  ever_RR  could_VM  .  
  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dustpan_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  baby_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  workman_NN  portrayed_VBN  have_VH0  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  confused_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  solitary_JJ  reaper_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  idiot_NN  boy_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  isolated_VBN  for_IO  notice_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  poetic_JJ  conception_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  watch_VV0  those_DD2  black_JJ  Sunday_NN1  suits_NNS  converging_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  tight_JJ  passionate_JJ  black_JJ  shadow_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  cobbled_JJ  square_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  high_JJ  vertical_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  slice_VV0  down_RP  into_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  bar_NN  shaken_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  frenzied_JJ  customers_NNS  or_CC  an_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  upon_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  overwhelming_JJ  exhaustion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  motherhood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  working_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  realise_VV0  how_CS Italy_NP  is_VBZ  possessed_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  swarming_JJ  people_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_PNQS an_AT1  artist_NN  of_IO  Guttuso's_PPIO2  convictions_NNS  must_VM  express_VV0  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO    abstract-concrete_JB    work_NN  :_:  the_AT1  fashionable_JJ  all_DB  black_JJ  canvas_NN  :_:  or_CC  a_AT1  Fontana_NP  slit_VBN  into_IO  slithers_NNS  of_IO  darkness_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  castle_NN  .  discoveries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curtain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  pulled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  at_IO  Leningrad_NP  at_IO  22.31_MC  .  
  the_AT1  autumn_NN  leaves_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Finnish_JJ  landscape_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  from_IO  Helsinki_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  memorable_JJ  sight_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Russian_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cold_JJ  nip_NN  of_IO  approaching_JJ  winter_NN  smacked_VVD  the_AT1  face_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  were_VBDR  three_MC  men_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  immediately_RR  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  tough_JJ  face_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Vladimir_NP  Vengherov_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Lenfilm_NP  directors_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  acquaintance_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  first_RR  made_VBN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  splashed_VVD  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Adriatic_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  Venice_NP  festival_NN  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  previously_RR  .  
  with_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  ,_,  fair-haired_JJ  man_NN  (_(  looking_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  typically_RR  north_NN1  country_NN  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  as_IO  Alexei_NP  Gorin_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  scriptwriter_NN  for_IO  scientific_JJ  films_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  local_JJ  representative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  film-makers'_NN2  association_NN    my_APP$  hosts_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  editorial_JJ  board_NN  of_IO  cinema_NN  arts_NNS  magazine_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  surprising_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  England_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  visit_NN  during_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  congress_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  and_CC  scientific_JJ  film-makers_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  slender_JJ  ,_,  dark_JJ  haired_JJ  youngster_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  American-cut_JB  pin_NN  stripe_NN  suit_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  introduced_VVD  himself_PPX1  as_IO  Vadim_NP  ,_,  Vadim_NP  Sazonov_NP  ,_,  languages_NNS  student_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Moscow_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  my_APP$  interpreter_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  drove_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  American-style_JB  taxi_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Europe_NP  hotel_NN  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  office-cum-bedroom_NN  (_(  nothing_PN1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  suitably_RR  arranged_VBN  for_IO  my_APP$  purpose_NN  )_)  we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  far_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  hours_NNS  discussing_VBG  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  and_CC  who_PNQS  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  in_IO  Leningrad_NP  .  
  morning_NN  cinemas_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  many_DA  Soviet_NP  films_NNS  under_IO  typical_JJ  cinema_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  shaken_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  start_VV0  next_DA  morning_NN  (_(  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  morning_NN  )_)  at_IO  nine_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  cinemas_NNS  opened_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  on_IO  night_NN  shift_NN  .  
  so_RR  that_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,  Vadim_NP  ,_,  Gorin_NP  and_CC  myself_PPX1  set_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  foot_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  a_AT1  typical_JJ  Soviet_NP  cinema_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  found_VBN  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  any_DD  cinema_NN  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  looked_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  Manchester_NP  methodist_JJ  church_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  on_IO  closer_JJ  inspection_NN  one_MC1  could_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  poster_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  solo_JJ  display_NN  frame_NN  announcing_VBG  the_AT1  programme_NN  details_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  times_NNS  of_IO  performance_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  cinemas_NNS  added_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  display_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  stills_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exception_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  cinema_NN  was_VBDZ  typically_RR  Soviet_NP  .  but_CCB  the_AT1  programme_NN  was_VBDZ  great_JJ  expectations_NNS  (_(  a_AT1  back-handed_JJ  compliment_NN  to_IO  British_JJ  cinema_NN  because_CS  during_IO  our_APP$  trek_NN  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  three_MC  other_DA  theatres_NNS  showing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA    great_JJ  British_JJ  picture_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  thinking_VBG  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  all_RR  that_RG  great_JJ  .  )_)  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  the_AT1  cinema_NN  showing_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  Soviet_NP  film_NN  ,_,  man's_NN1$  blood_NN  is_VBZ  thicker_JJ  than_IO  water_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  programme_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  begun_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  cinema_NN  the_AT1  programme_NN  would_VM  not_XX  start_VV0  until_IO  eleven_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  alternative_NN  .  
  sightseeing_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  shopping_NN  street_NN  (_(  not_XX  unlike_IO  a_AT1  south_NN1  London_NP  high_JJ  street_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  Monday_NN1  morning_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  plunged_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  metro_NN  station_NN  which_DDQ  took_VVD  my_APP$  breath_NN  away_RP  with_IO  its_APP$  chandeliered_JJ  opulence_NN  ;_;  like_IO  some_DD  grand_JJ  palace_NN  in_IO  pre-revolution_JB  France_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  post-revolution_JB  Russia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  platform_NN  was_VBDZ  clean_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  a_AT1  picnic_NN  .  
  Gorin_NP  said_VVD  such_DA  luxury_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  beneficial_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  man_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  factory_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  Billingsgate_NP  porter_NN  found_VVD  this_DD1  at_IO  Monument_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  probably_RR  get_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  and_CC  pray_VV0  !_!  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  burst_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  blue-grey_JJ  clouds_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  and_CC  splashed_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  golden_JJ  spire_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Peter-Paul_NP  fortress_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  ancient_JJ  symbol_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  most_RG  ancient_JJ  of_IO  Russian_JJ  cities_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  reminder_NN  of_IO  former_DA  glories_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  .  
  then_RL  past_IO  a_AT1  naval_JJ  training_NN  school_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  very_DA  ship_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  gun_NN  was_VBDZ  fired_VBN  to_TO  signal_VV0  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revolution_NN  ,_,  past_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  headquarters_NN  seen_VBN  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  Eisenstein_NP  and_CC  other_DA    classics_NNS    (_(  Potemkin_NP  ,_,  strike_NN  ,_,  October_NN1  )_)  and_CC  then_RL  into_IO  a_AT1  taxi_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  of_IO  arts_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  secretary_NN  ,_,  Nina_NP  Volman_NP  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  branch_NN  ,_,  Nicholas_NP  Yemov_NP  .  
  with_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  critic_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Dobin_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  shortly_RR  to_TO  publish_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  poetry_NN  and_CC  prose_NN  of_IO  cinema_NN  .  
  promote_VV0  study_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Yemov_NP  explained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  institute_NN  has_VHZ  only_RR  been_VBN  functioning_VBG  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  aims_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  promote_VV0  the_AT1  serious_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  cinema_NN  in_IO  and_CC  around_IO  the_AT1  Leningrad_NP  area_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  duplicate_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  institute_NN  and_CC  archives_NN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  institute_NN  is_VBZ  completing_VBG  a_AT1  book_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  school_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  directors_NNS  .  
  such_DA  men_NNS  as_IO  Kozintsev_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  wonderful_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  Don_NNSB1  Quixote_NP  and_CC  who_PNQS is_VBZ  now_RL  planning_VBG  to_TO  film_VV0  Hamlet_NP  in_IO  colour_NN  and_CC  wide_JJ  screen_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Lenfilm_NP  studios_NNS  early_RR  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  what_DDQ  British_JJ  films_NNS  have_VH0  most_RBT  impressed_VBN  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  familiar_JJ  with_IO  Richard_NP  3_MC  ,_,  Oliver_NP  Twist_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  horse's_NN1$  mouth_NN  ,_,  woman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  dressing_NN  gown_NN  ,_,  Geordie_NP  ,_,  Genevieve_NP  ,_,  room_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  great_JJ  expectations_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  debated_VVD  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  and_CC  disadvantages_NNS  of_IO  filming_VBG  famous_JJ  classics_NNS  and_CC  works_NNS  originally_RR  intended_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  ,_,  have_VH0  an_AT1  obsession_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  found_VBN  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  film_VV0  a_AT1  novel_NN  it_PPH1  reduces_VBZ  rather_RR  than_CS  promotes_VBZ  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  ,_,  is_VBZ  opposite_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  experiences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  accept_VV0  my_APP$  point_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  that_CS  artists_NNS  should_VM  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  original_JJ  work_NN  than_IO  transpositions_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS well_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  engineered_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  themselves_PPX2  regard_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  significant_JJ  trends_NNS  in_IO  Soviet_NP  film-making_NN  of_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Dobin_NP  summarised_VVD  their_APP$  views_NNS  like_IO  this_DD1  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  agree_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  when_CS you_PPY  say_VV0  that_CS  films_NNS  like_IO  ballad_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  ,_,  destiny_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  Don_NNSB1  Quixote_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  important_JJ  new_JJ  styles_NNS  in_IO  Soviet_NP  film-making_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  living_VBG  now_RL  through_IO  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  cinema_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  film-making_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  changed_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  classics_NNS  of_IO  Soviet_NP  cinema_NN  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  living_VBG    Eisenstein_NP  ,_,  Pudovkin_NP  ,_,  Dovzhenko_NP  .  
  their_APP$  tradition_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  directors_NNS  like_IO  Kozintsev_NP  ,_,  Romm_NP  and_CC  Heifetz_NP  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  young_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  profoundly_RR  changing_VBG  all_DB  our_APP$  old_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pattern_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  emerge_VV0  when_CS Chukhrai_NP  made_VVD  the_AT1  forty_MC  first_MD  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  consolidated_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  more_RG  recent_JJ  film_NN  ,_,  ballad_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .  
  although_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  only_RR  two_MC  films_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  almost_RR  shows_VBZ  himself_PPX1  more_RG  talented_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  gang_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  significant_JJ  fact_NN  .  
    Sergei_NP  Bondarchuk_NP  ,_,  although_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  is_VBZ  young_JJ  among_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  directors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  first_MD  film_NN  ,_,  destiny_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  recognised_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  cinema_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  country_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  film_NN  of_IO  significance_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  Serezha_NP  ,_,  made_VBN  by_IO  Danelya_NP  and_CC  Talankin_NP  (_(  which_DDQ  won_VVD  a_AT1  major_JJ  award_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Karlovy_NP  Vary_NP  festival_NN  )_)  .  
    these_DD2  films_NNS  usher_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  trend_NN  .  
  our_APP$  film_NN  producers_NNS  are_VBR  creating_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  style_NN  that_PNQS appeals_VBZ  to_IO  their_APP$  audience_NN  without_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  resort_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  ingredients_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ    box-office_NN    ,_,  such_IO  as_II  strip-tease_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  searching_VBG  for_IO  something_PN1  good_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  man_NN  .  
    the_AT1  new_JJ  film-makers_NNS  portray_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  see_VV0  without_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  improve_VV0  people_NNS  or_CC  embellish_VV0  reality_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  realise_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  concern_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  film-makers_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  showing_VBG  the_AT1  darker_JJ  sides_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR    in_IO  the_AT1  'forties_MC2  and_CC  'fifties_MC2    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  film-making_NN  when_CS the_AT1  films_NNS  were_VBDR  like_IO  posters_NNS  ,_,  divorced_VBN  from_IO  people_NNS  and_CC  from_IO  reality_NN  .  
  falls_VBZ  among_IO  thieves_NNS  .  
    western_JJ  audiences_NNS  may_VM  find_VV0  of_IO  particular_JJ  interest_NN  a_AT1  film_NN  by_IO  Heifetz_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Roumantsyev_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  honest_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  innocence_NN  falls_VBZ  among_IO  thieves_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  arrested_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  prosecuted_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  in_IO  crimes_NNS  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  commit_VV0  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  circumstantial_JJ  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  prosecutor_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  concerned_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  an_AT1  individual_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  himself_PPX1  quite_RR  convinced_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  guilt_NN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  a_AT1  friend_NN  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  innocence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  officials_NNS  .  
    many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  films_NNS  now_RL  focus_VV0  attention_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  individuals_NNS  .  
  ballad_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pure_JJ  young_JJ  boy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  girl_NN  falling_VBG  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  with_IO  which_DDQ  audiences_NNS  liked_VVD  to_TO  identify_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  another_DD1  film_NN  about_IO  soldiers_NNS  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  simply_RR  ,_,  soldiers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Ivanov_NP  and_CC  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  concentrating_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  consequences_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  every_AT1  day_NN  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  detail_NN  of_IO  how_CS a_AT1  soldier_NN  lives_VBZ  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  duty_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  ,_,  forms_VBZ  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
    so_RR  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  our_APP$  young_JJ  directors_NNS  are_VBR  coming_VBG  closer_RRR  and_CC  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  .    
  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  then_RL  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  their_APP$  small_JJ  projection_NN  theatre_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  musical_JJ  film_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  Leningrad_NP  in_IO  1941_MC  by_IO  Alexander_NP  Ivanovski_NP  ,_,  Anton_NP  Ivanovich_NP  is_VBZ  angry_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  stars_VBZ  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  Soviet_NP  actor_NN  (_(  who_PNQS lives_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  )_)  ,_,  Pavel_NP  Kadochnikov_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  Hollywood-style_JB  story_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  instead_RR  of_IO  pop_NN  music_NN  the_AT1  conflict_NN  between_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  professor_NN  who_PNQS doted_VVD  over_IO  his_APP$  opera-singing_JB  daughter_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  impressario_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  natural_JJ  conflict_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  highbrows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  lowbrows_NNS  in_IO  classical_JJ  music_NN  .  
  characterisation_NN  was_VBDZ  ingenious_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  the_AT1  director_NN  was_VBDZ  ill_RR  served_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  scenarist_NN  .  
  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Europe_NP  hotel_NN  we_PPIS2  dined_VVD  on_IO  caviar_NN  and_CC  baked_JJ  sturgeon_NN  (_(  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  think_VV0  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  wallow_VV0  in_IO  luxury_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  wrong_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  common_JJ  in_IO  Leningrad_NP  as_IO  fish_NN  and_CC  chips_NNS  )_)  .  
  and_CC  during_IO  our_APP$  conversation_NN  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  Vadim_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  rather_RR  lop-sided_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  history_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  snags_NNS  inherent_JJ  in_IO  communication_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  during_IO  an_AT1  interval_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  that_DD1  evening_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Leningrad_NP  symphony_NN  (_(  Haydn_NP  ,_,  Barber_NP  and_CC  Shostakovitch_NP  performed_VBN  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  hear_VV0  anywhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  better_RRR  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Vadim_NP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  regretted_VVD  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  allowed_VBN  to_TO  travel_VV0  to_IO  countries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  when_CS and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  :_:  and_CC  he_PPHO1  reminded_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  Nina_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  Russian_JJ  visitor_NN  to_IO  London_NP  who_PNQS found_VVD  herself_PPX1  at_IO  Bow_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  allowed_VBN  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  protected_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  being_VBG  done_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  on_IO  time_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  Intourist_NP  car_NN  left_VVD  us_PPIO2   at_IO  a_AT1  building_NN  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  Albert_NP  Hall_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Velika_NP  cinema_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  children's_NN2  matinee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  coach_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Odessa_NP  studios_NNS  ,_,  directed_VBN  by_IO  Gennardy_NP  Gabay_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  mostly_RR  boys_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  grey_JJ  military-style_JB  school_NN  hats_NNS  ,_,  clambering_VBG  to_TO  buy_VV0  ice_NN  cream_NN  beneath_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  statue_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  dove_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  slogan_NN  behind_RP  :_:  
    the_AT1  world_NN  wants_VBZ  peace_NN  .    
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  waited_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  to_TO  begin_VV0  a_AT1  stout_JJ  lady_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  jovial_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS I_PPIS1  understood_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  manageress_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  building_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  cinema_NN  but_CCB  would_VM  shortly_RR  become_VV0  a_AT1  theatre_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  if_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  because_CS  television_NN  was_VBDZ  causing_VBG  fewer_DA  people_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  because_CS  in_IO  Leningrad_NP  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  already_RR  fulfilled_VBN  their_APP$  cinema_NN  attendance_NN  target_NN  so_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  any_RR  longer_RRR  to_TO  function_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  cinema_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  ask_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  cryptic_JJ  statement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  suddenly_RR  plunged_VBN  into_IO  darkness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  film_NN  began_VVD  .  
  boy_NN  Sherlock_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  adventure_NN  yarn_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  revolution_NN  ,_,  with_IO  red_JJ  Russians_NP2  fighting_VBG  white_JJ  Russians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  gangs_NNS  of_IO  criminals_NNS  (_(  also_RR  Russians_NP2  )_)  in_RP  between_II  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  plays_VBZ  Sherlock_NP  Holmes_NP  .  
  the_AT1  gangs_NNS  of_IO  horse-stealers_NNS  and_CC  illicit_JJ  vodka_NN  distillers_NNS  are_VBR  brought_VBN  to_IO  justice_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  red_JJ  Russians_NP2  make_VV0  life_NN  better_JJ  for_IO  everyone_PN1  .  the_AT1  scores_NNS  of_IO    la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW    .  
  2_MC    Herold's_PPIO2  score_NN  .  
  John_NP  Lanchbery_NP  and_CC  Ivor_NP  Guest_NP  .  
  the_AT1  score_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  1828_MC  revival_NN  of_IO  la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW  at_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  Ope*?2ra_&FW  was_VBDZ  described_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  playbills_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  performance_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  )_)  as_CS  being_VBG    newly_RR  arranged_VBN  by_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Herold_NP    .  
  presumably_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  question_NN  arose_VVD  of_IO  producing_VBG  this_DD1  long-popular_JB  ballet_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Ope*?2ra_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  original_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  still_RR  accompanied_VVD  performances_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  Porte-Saint-Martin_NP  and_CC  other_DA  theatres_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  too_RG  light_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  chorus-master_NN  ,_,  Ferdinand_NP  Herold_NP  (_(  1791-1833_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  already_RR  composed_VBN  the_AT1  music_NN  for_IO  three_MC  ballets_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  accordingly_RR  given_VBN  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  refurbishing_VBG  the_AT1  score_NN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  ballet_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  too_RG  well-known_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  music_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  discarded_VBN  altogether_RR  ,_,  several_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  numbers_NNS  were_VBDR  retained_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  Herold_NP  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  music_NN  and_CC  inserted_VVD  several_DA  numbers_NNS  borrowed_VBN  from_IO  familiar_JJ  sources_NNS  .  
  borrowings_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  were_VBDR  common_JJ  in_IO  ballet_NN  composition_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ballet_NN  composer_NN  regarded_VVD  his_APP$  task_NN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  day's_NN1$  work_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  serious_JJ  artistic_JJ  creation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  practice_NN  greatly_RR  lightened_VVD  his_APP$  burden_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  considered_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  interpolation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  melody_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  public_NN  would_VM  associate_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  song_NN  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  it_PPH1  accompanied_VVD  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  aid_NN  to_IO  understanding_VBG  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  Herold's_PPIO2  music_NN  for_IO  la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  score_NN  preserved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  Ope*?2ra_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  by_IO  John_NP  Lanchbery_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  source_NN  in_IO  arranging_VBG  the_AT1  music_NN  played_VBN  today_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  ballet_NN  .  
  this_DD1  score_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  clean_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  score_NN  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  conductor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  fair-copy_NN  prepared_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Ope*?2ra's_&FW  copyists_NNS  from_IO  Herold's_PPIO2  original_JJ  draft_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  used_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  master_NN  for_IO  copying_VBG  the_AT1  orchestral_JJ  parts_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  bears_VBZ  the_AT1  inscription_NN  :_:  
  la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW  /_CC  ballet_&FW  en_&FW  2_&FW  actes_&FW  /_CC  de_&FW  Dauberval_&FW  /_CC  mis_&FW  en_&FW  scene_&FW  par_&FW  \0Mr_&FW  Aumer_&FW  ,_,  musique_&FW  /_CC  nouvellement_&FW  arrange*?2e_&FW  par_&FW  \0Mr_&FW  Herold_&FW  /_CC  represente*?2_&FW  sur_&FW  le_&FW  the*?2a*?5tre_&FW  de_&FW  l'acade*?2mie_&FW  /_CC  Royale_&FW  de_&FW  musique_&FW  le_&FW  lundi_&FW  8_&FW  de*?2cembre_&FW  /_CC  1828_&FW  .  
  why_CS the_AT1  score_NN  bears_VBZ  this_DD1  date_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  seventh_MD  performance_NN  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  performance_NN  ,_,  November_NN1  17th_MD  ,_,  1828_MC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mystery_NN  .  
  did_VDD  Herold_NP  only_RR  have_VH0  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  score_NN  completed_VBN  by_IO  November_NN1  17th_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  complete_JJ  revised_JJ  score_NN  not_XX  being_VBG  ready_JJ  until_IO  December_NN1  8th_MD  .  
  as_CS  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  score_NN  is_VBZ  written_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  typical_JJ  orchestra_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  .  
  the_AT1  music_NN  is_VBZ  mostly_RR  scored_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  flutes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  usually_RR  playing_VBG  piccolo_NN  ,_,  two_MC  oboes_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  clarinets_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  bassoons_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  pairs_NNS  of_IO  horns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  strings_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  number_NN    pas_&FW  de_&FW  \0Mr_&FW  Albert_&FW    in_IO  act_NN  1_MC1  (_(  \0no_NN  17_MC  )_)  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  orchestra_NN  is_VBZ  augmented_VBN  by_IO  harp_NN  ,_,  trumpets_NNS  ,_,  trombones_NNS  ,_,  drums_NNS  and_CC  percussion_NN  (_(  triangle_NN  ,_,  bass_NN  drum_NN  and_CC  cymbals_NNS  )_)  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  finales_NNS  to_TO  act_VV0  2_MC  (_(  \0Nos_NNS  36_MC  and_CC  36a_MC  )_)  and_CC  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  number_NN  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  have_VH0  parts_NNS  written_VBN  for_IO  trumpets_NNS  ,_,  trombones_NNS  and_CC  drums_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  various_JJ  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  where_CS trombones_NNS  and/or_CC  drums_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  added_VBN  in_IO  another_DD1  hand_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  stave_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  page_NN  .  
  judging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  orchestration_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  markedly_RR  inferior_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Herold's_PPIO2  operas_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  score_NN  of_IO  la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW  was_VBDZ  hurriedly_RR  composed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  perhaps_RR  lends_VBZ  support_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conjecture_NN  made_VBN  earlier_RRR  that_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  quite_RR  finished_VBN  in_IO  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  performance_NN  .  
  in_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  strings_NNS  play_VV0  throughout_II  ,_,  resting_VBG  for_IO  only_RR  ten_MC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  of_IO  bars_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  hour_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  of_IO  music_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  display_VV0  great_JJ  economy_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  by_IO  doubling_VBG  some_DD  instruments_NNS  with_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  a_AT1  common_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  .  
  this_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  scoring_VBG  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  made_VVD  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  orchestrate_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  fraction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  in_IO  ballet-composing_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  very_RG  much_RR  in_IO  use_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  commercial_JJ  arrangement_NN  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  on_IO  page_NN  381_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  score_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  reading_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  staves_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  horns_NNS  ;_;  then_RL  follow_VV0  two_MC  staves_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  oboes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  double_VV0  the_AT1  violins_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  staves_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  bassoons_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  double_VV0  the_AT1  cellos_NNS  ;_;  then_RL  come_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  second_MD  violins_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  violas_NNS  which_DDQ  also_RR  double_VV0  the_AT1  cellos_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  cellos_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  the_AT1  double_JJ  basses_NNS  which_DDQ  again_RR  double_VV0  the_AT1  cellos_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  in_IO  eleven_MC  separate_JJ  staves_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  only_RR  five_MC  different_JJ  voices_NNS  .  
  Herold_NP  made_VVD  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  modernized_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  Hertel_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  1864_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  retained_VVD  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  folky_JJ  music_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  numbers_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  composition_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  essentially_RR  French_JJ  melodic_JJ  content_NN  ,_,  and_CC  several_DA  borrowings_NNS  which_DDQ  one_MC1  must_VM  allow_VV0  are_VBR  excellently_RR  suited_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  orchestration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  borrowed_JJ  numbers_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  orchestration_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  left_VBN  unchanged_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  effective_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  .  
  Herold_NP  fulfilled_VVD  his_APP$  task_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  self-effacing_JJ  and_CC  effective_JJ  way_NN  than_IO  Hertel_NP  .  
  Herold's_PPIO2  numbers_NNS  are_VBR  generally_RR  longer_JJ  and_CC  more_RRR  developed_VBN  than_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  score_NN  has_VHZ  less_DA  continuity_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  number_NN  occasionally_RR  runs_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  without_IO  pause_NN  .  
  Herold_NP  gave_VVD  the_AT1  music_NN  greater_JJ  characterization_NN  ,_,  wisely_RR  retaining_VBG  note_NN  for_IO  note_NN  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  pointed_JJ  numbers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  :_:  an_AT1  outstanding_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  spinning_NN  number_NN  in_IO  act_NN  2_MC  ,_,  retained_VBN  by_IO  Herold_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  discarded_VBN  by_IO  Hertel_NP  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  less_RG  suitable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  composition_NN  .  
  this_DD1  greater_JJ  characterization_NN  which_DDQ  Herold_NP  injected_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  was_VBDZ  marked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  heightened_JJ  dramatic_JJ  content_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  .  
  in_IO  Herold's_PPIO2  score_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  predilection_NN  for_IO  6/8_MC  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  preference_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  fast_JJ  2/4_MC  .  
  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  version_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  frustrating_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO    landmarks_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  Herold_NP  score_NN  .  
  our_APP$  only_DA  aids_NNS  in_IO  fitting_VBG  the_AT1  music_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  scenario_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  acts_NNS  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  written_JJ  indications_NNS  :_:    lever_&FW  du_&FW  rideau_&FW    in_IO  act_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  scene_NN  1_MC1  ;_;    pas_&FW  des_&FW  moissonneurs_&FW    ,_,    pas_&FW  de_&FW  \0Mr_&FW  Albert_&FW    ,_,    apre*?3s_&FW  le_&FW  divertissement_&FW    and_CC    orage_&FW    as_IO  titles_NNS  to_IO  four_MC  numbers_NNS  in_IO  act_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  scene_NN  2_MC  ;_;  and_CC    finale_NC2    as_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  title_NN  indication_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  act_NN  2_MC  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  as_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  easier_JJ  to_TO  wed_VV0  the_AT1  music_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  in_IO  act_NN  2_MC  than_IO  either_LE  scene_NN  of_IO  act_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  scene_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  difficult_JJ  because_IO  of_II  two_MC  weaknesses_NNS  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  :_:  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  thematic_JJ  continuity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  obvious_JJ  mime_NN  scenes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  difficult_JJ  to_TO  write_VV0  an_AT1  overture_NN  which_DDQ  better_RRR  set_VVD  the_AT1  scene_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  which_DDQ  Herold_NP  borrowed_VVD  (_(  \0no_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  overture_NN  from_IO  Giovanni_NP  Paolo_NP  Martini's_PPIO2  comic_JJ  opera_NN  le_&FW  droit_&FW  du_&FW  Seigneur_&FW  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  serves_VBZ  to_TO  describe_VV0  a_AT1  French_JJ  countryside_NN  scene_NN  at_IO  dawn_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  very_DA  atmosphere_NN  needed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  la_&FW  fille_&FW  mal_&FW  garde*?2e_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  Herold_NP  therefore_RR  inserted_VVD  it_PPH1  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  note_NN  of_IO  scoring_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  bird_NN  calls_NNS  imitated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  woodwind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  slow_JJ  legato_JJ  melody_NN  played_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  violins_NNS  against_IO  a_AT1  monotonous_JJ  Alberti_NP  type_NN  of_IO  accompaniment_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  violins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  curtain_NN  having_VHG  risen_VBN  during_IO  \0no_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  there_EX  follows_VBZ  (_(  \0no_NN  2_MC  )_)  another_DD1  borrowing_NN  for_IO  Lise's_PPIO2  entrance_NN  :_:  the_AT1  opening_JJ  chorus_NN  from_IO  Rossini's_PPIO2  il_&FW  barbiere_&FW  di_&FW  Siviglia_&FW  (_(    piano_NC2  ,_,  pianissimo_NC2    )_)  chosen_VBN  no_AT1  doubt_NN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  an_AT1  entrance_NN  on_IO  tip-toe_NN  so_CS  that_CS  Lise's_PPIO2  mother_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  awakened_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  orchestration_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  touched_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  attempt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  supply_VV0  the_AT1  chorus_NN  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  no_AT1  musical_JJ  content_NN  any_DD  way_NN  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  where_CS sufficient_JJ  music_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  supplied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  abrupt_JJ  termination_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  three-bar_JB  link_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  primitive_JJ  kind_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  continuity_NN  .  
  \0Nos_NNS  3_MC  and_CC  4_MC  have_VH0  their_APP$  equivalent_NN  in_IO  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  allegretto_JJ  number_NN  in_IO  6/8_MC  ,_,  intended_VBN  undoubtedly_RR  to_TO  accompany_VV0  Colas's_PPIO2  entrance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  harvesters_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  the_AT1  music_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  growing_VBG  progressively_RR  louder_JJ  :_:  \0no_NN  2_MC  brought_VVD  in_RP  two_MC  trumpets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0no_NN  4_MC    a_AT1  short_JJ  ,_,  loud_JJ  ,_,  dramatic_JJ  and_CC  fast-moving_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  presumably_RR  for_IO  Simone's_PPIO2  entrance_NN    introduces_VBZ  three_MC  trombones_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  scored_VBN  throughout_II  with_IO  every_AT1  instrument_NN  playing_VBG  except_IO  drums_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  marked_VBN  fortissimo_NN  .  
  \0no_NN  5_MC  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  Colas_NP  discovers_VBZ  Lise's_PPIO2  ribbon_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  identical_JJ  with_IO  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  4_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  transposed_VBN  down_RP  a_AT1  tone_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  fit_VV0  .  
  for_IO  \0no_NN  6_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  closely_RR  approximates_VBZ  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  5_MC  ,_,  Herold_NP  has_VHZ  composed_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  tune_NN  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  the_AT1  original_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  signature_NN  but_CCB  even_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  note_NN  values_NNS  .  
  by_IO  present-day_JB  standards_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  feeble_JJ  music_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  probably_RR  accompanies_VBZ  ,_,  Simone_NP  telling_VBG  Colas_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  off_RP  .  
  Herold_NP  also_RR  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  number_NN  (_(  \0no_NN  7_MC  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  signature_NN  and_CC  speed_NN  as_IO  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  6_MC  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  marking_NN    plus_&FW  vite_&FW    ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  silent_JJ  bar_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  four_MC  soft_JJ  chords_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  loud_JJ  chord_NN  played_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  slow_JJ  tempo_NN  ,_,  serving_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  link_NN  to_IO  \0no_NN  8_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  7_MC  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  bars_NNS  of_IO  tasteful_JJ  coda_NN  added_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  this_DD1  latter_DA  number_NN  is_VBZ  scored_VBN  for_IO  strings_NNS  alone_RR  ,_,  trumpets_NNS  and_CC  trombones_NNS  having_VHG  been_VBN  silent_JJ  since_IO  \0no_NN  4_MC  .  
  not_XX  surprisingly_RR  ,_,  \0no_NN  9_MC  ,_,  the_AT1    playing_VBG  at_IO  horses_NNS    number_NN  ,_,  used_VBN  most_RG  probably_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  lovers'_NN2  meeting_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  Bordeaux_NP  \0no_NN  8_MC  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  reproducing_VBG  a_AT1  bowing_NN  indication_NN    a_AT1  great_JJ  rarity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Herold_NP  score_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  number_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pencilled_JJ  sign_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  used_VBN  today_NN1  by_IO  some_DD  continental_JJ  conductors_NNS  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  imminent_JJ  entrance_NN  of_IO  drums_NNS  .  
  drums_NNS  do_VD0  indeed_RR  appear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  bar_NN  of_IO  \0no_NN  10_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  jolly_JJ  6/8_MC  tune_NN  which_DDQ  in_IO  its_APP$  context_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  continuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  love_NN  scene_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  considerable_JJ  length_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  lilt_NN  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  flirtation_NN  with_IO  coy_JJ  and_CC  playful_JJ  exchanges_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  counterpart_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bordeaux_NP  score_NN  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  considerably_RR  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  distant_JJ  echo_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  melody_NN  heralding_VBG  the_AT1  approach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  girls_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  original_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  instead_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  following_JJ  number_NN  (_(  \0no_NN  11_MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  straight_RR  on_RP  without_IO  a_AT1  break_NN  ,_,  opens_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  sforzando_JJ  chord_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  surprisingly_RR  effective_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  orchestration_NN  :_:  a_AT1  chord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diminished_JJ  seventh_NN  with_IO  three_MC  trombones_NNS  high_RR  up_RP  and_CC  close_RR  together_RR  and_CC  two_MC  oboes_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  clarinets_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  low_JJ  reedy_JJ  register_NN  ,_,  while_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  strings_NNS  play_VV0  tremolo_RR  .  
  this_DD1  number_NN  ,_,  written_VBN  for_IO  Colas's_PPIO2  flight_NN  ,_,  begins_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  bustling_JJ  manner_NN  and_CC  then_RL  eases_VBZ  off_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  relaxation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tension_NN  .  
  \0no_NN  12_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  folky_JJ  number_NN  in_IO  6/8_MC  written_VBN  in_IO  simple_JJ  four-part_JB  harmony_NN  ,_,  with_IO  flutes_NNS  strengthening_VBG  the_AT1  tune_NN  ,_,  accompanies_VBZ  the_AT1  entrance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  girls_NNS  who_PNQS urge_VV0  Lise_NP  to_TO  accompany_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  harvest_NN  .  
  Simone_NP  then_RL  appears_VBZ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  Lise's_PPIO2  departure_NN  to_IO  \0no_NN  13_MC  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  anger_NN  is_VBZ  depicted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  striking_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  dramatic_JJ  scoring_NN  for_IO  strings_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  much_DA  play_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  unison_NN  ,_,  fast-moving_JJ  phrases_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  minor_NN  ,_,  syncopation_NN  ,_,  quick_JJ  scales_NNS  ,_,  crushed_JJ  notes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  strong_JJ  dotted_JJ  rhythm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  scene_NN  ,_,  \0no_NN  14_MC  ,_,  introduces_VBZ  Thomas_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  half-witted_JJ  son_NN  Alain_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  Simone_NP  plans_VBZ  to_TO  marry_VV0  to_IO  her_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  a_AT1  loud_JJ  ,_,  majestic_JJ  ,_,  march-like_JJ  theme_NN  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  accompaniment_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  of_IO  father_NN  and_CC  son_NN  .  
  then_RL  follows_VBZ  an_AT1  effective_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  soft_JJ  staccato_JJ  minor_JJ  chords_NNS  on_IO  strings_NNS  and_CC  clarinets_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  theme_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  stumbling_JJ  Alain_NP  .  
  a_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  major_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  joyous_JJ  ,_,  animated_JJ  6/8_MC  theme_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  Alain's_PPIO2  theme_NN  repeated_VBN  ,_,  ends_VBZ  the_AT1  scene_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  marriage_NN  arranged_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  departure_NN  of_IO  everyone_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  harvest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  clear_JJ  break_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  score_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  explained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  number_NN  (_(  \0no_NN  15_MC  )_)  being_VBG  intended_VBN  to_TO  accompany_VV0  a_AT1  changement_&FW  a*?3_&FW  vue_&FW  to_IO  the_AT1  harvest_NN  scene_NN  .  
  nor_CC  are_VBR  there_EX  any_DD  linguistic_JJ  barriers_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  pastime_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  same_DA  bird_NN  is_VBZ  called_VBN  perdix_&FW  in_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  writer_NN  stated_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  called_VBN  because_CS  it_PPH1  regularly_RR  perdit_&FW      loses_VBZ    its_APP$  brood_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  great_JJ  are_VBR  not_XX  exempt_JJ  ;_;  Swift_NP  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  analysed_VBN  apothecary_NC2  as_CS  from_IO    a_AT1  pot_NN  he_PPHO1  carries_VBZ  .    
  but_CCB  who_PNQS  shall_VM  blame_VV0  them_PPHO1  overmuch_RR  when_CS we_PPIS2  discover_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  verb_NN  such_IO  as_II  atone_NC2  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  noun_NN  atonement_NC2    so_RG  obviously_RR  Latinate_JJ  in_IO  appearance_NN    is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  compound_NN  of_IO  at_NC2  and_CC  one_NC2  .  
  children_NNS  are_VBR  particularly_RR  and_CC  naturally_RR  prone_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  etymologising_NN  .  
  continually_RR  coming_VBG  across_IO  strange_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  strive_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  sense_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  they_PPHS2  already_RR  possess_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  child_NN  who_PNQS thought_VVD  that_CS  Wilhelmina_NP  was_VBDZ  so_PN1  called_VBN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mean_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  little_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  room_NN  overlooked_VVD  a_AT1  cemetery_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  overheard_VBN  imitating_VBG  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  teddy-bear_NN      in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  father_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  son_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  hole_NN  'e_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  wise_JJ  perhaps_RR  beyond_IO  her_APP$  years_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS interpreted_VVD  the_AT1  wedded_JJ  state_NN  as_IO    wholly_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  o'_IO  money_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sobering_JJ  thought_NN  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  different_JJ  in_IO  degree_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  etymologies_NNS  which_DDQ  even_RR  our_APP$  great_JJ  dictionaries_NNS  give_VV0  may_VM  be_VB0  popular_JJ  etymologies_NNS  ;_;  for_CS  when_CS information_NN  about_IO  early_JJ  forms_NNS  and_CC  meanings_NNS  of_IO  words_NNS  is_VBZ  scarce_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  always_RR  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  etymologies_NNS  are_VBR  valid_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  still_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  curmudgeon_NC2  .  
  an_AT1  early_JJ  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  dictionary-maker's_NN1$  surmise_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  from_IO  French_JJ  coeur_&FW  me*?2chant_&FW  ,_,    wicked_JJ  heart_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  rightly_RR  suspect_JJ  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  pastime_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  permanent_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  occasionally_RR  ,_,  so_RG  strong_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  familiar_JJ  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  strange_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  changed_VBN    either_LE  in_IO  whole_NN  or_CC  in_IO  part_NN    in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  fancied_JJ  etymology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  changed_JJ  form_NN  is_VBZ  henceforth_RR  accepted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  often_RR  specifically_RR  intended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN    folk_NC2  etymology_NC2  .    
  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  plant_NN  ,_,  proverbial_JJ  for_IO  its_APP$  bitter_JJ  taste_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  wormwood_NN  .  
  its_APP$  Latin_JJ  name_NN  is_VBZ  artemesia_&FW  absinthium_&FW  ,_,  hence_RR  the_AT1  name_NN  absinthe_NC2  ,_,  borrowed_VBN  from_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  liqueur_NN  distilled_VBN  from_IO  wine_NN  and_CC  wormwood_NN  .  
  few_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   would_VM  immediately_RR  connect_VV0  this_DD1  Latin_JJ  word_NN  with_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  also_RR  taken_VBN  by_IO  us_PPIO2   from_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  namely_RR  vermouth_NC2  ,_,  the_AT1  aperitif_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  white_JJ  wine_NN  flavoured_VBN  with_IO  wormwood_NN  and_CC  other_DA  aromatic_JJ  herbs_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  wormwood_NC2  and_CC  vermouth_NC2  are_VBR  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  root_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Germanic_JJ  word_NN  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  borrowed_VVD  theirs_PP$  ,_,  with_IO  but_II  little_DA  adaptation_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  high_JJ  German_JJ  word_NN  wermuth_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  close_JJ  relative_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  became_VVD  old_JJ  English_JJ  wermod_&FW  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  the_AT1  latter_DA  was_VBDZ  altered_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  to_IO  worm_NC2  and_CC  the_AT1  second_MD  to_IO  wood_NC2  .  
  it_PPH1  matters_VBZ  little_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  unlettered_JJ  that_CS  neither_LE  worms_NNS  nor_CC  wood_NN  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  object_NN  ,_,  assimilation_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  familiar_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  .  
  popular_JJ  etymology_NN  shows_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  widespread_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  linguistic_JJ  process_NN  ,_,  analogy_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  ,_,  recollect_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  become_VV0  adept_JJ  at_IO  using_VBG  language_NN  by_IO  analogy_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  by_IO  recalling_VBG  likenesses_NNS  of_IO  meaning_NN  ,_,  grammatical_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  form_NN  or_CC  sound_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  cool_NC2  ,_,  coolness_NC2  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  cold_NC2  ,_,  are_VBR  related_VBN  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  our_APP$  ancestors_NNS  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  oecern_&FW  (_(  modern_JJ  acorn_NC2  )_)  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  fruit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ac_&FW    oaktree_NN  ,_,    should_VM  assume_VV0  a_AT1  connection_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  and_CC  believe_VV0  that_DD1  -cern_NC2  should_VM  be_VB0  changed_VBN  to_IO  -corn_NC2  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  word_NN  oecern_&FW  is_VBZ  related_VBN  to_IO  oecer_&FW    a_AT1  field_NN    (_(  modern_JJ  acre_NC2  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  become_VBN  specialised_VBN  in_IO  meaning_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  originally_RR  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  produce_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  observation_NN  of_IO  likenesses_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  at_IO  fault_NN  in_IO  popular_JJ  etymology_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  conclusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  relationships_NNS  of_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  drawn_VBN  from_IO  comparisons_NNS  ,_,  happen_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  erroneous_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  necessary_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  word_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  transformed_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  popular_JJ  etymologist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  amateurs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  unsophisticated_JJ  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  less_RG  exacting_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  than_IO  learned_JJ  dilettantes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  that_CS  one_MC1  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  word_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  comfortingly_RR  familiar_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  -room_NC2  in_IO  mushroom_NC2  ,_,  from_IO  French_JJ  mousseron_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  -fish_NC2  in_IO  crayfish_NC2  ,_,  from_IO  French_JJ  crevice_&FW  (_(  like_IO  vermouth_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  borrowing_NN  from_IO  old_JJ  high_JJ  German_NN1  ,_,  from_IO  crebig_&FW  ,_,  related_VBN  to_IO  our_APP$  crab_NC2  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  even_RR  necessary_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  altered_JJ  word_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  obviously_RR  meaningful_JJ  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  provided_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  fits_VBZ  a_AT1  familiar_JJ  pattern_NN  ;_;  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  admiral_NC2    by_IO  analogy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  Latin_JJ  loanwords_NNS  in_IO  English_NN1  beginning_VBG  with_IO  ad_NC2    has_VHZ  been_VBN  altered_VBN  from_IO  Arabic_JJ  amiral_&FW  (_(  via_IO  French_NN1  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  turn_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  amir_&FW  ,_,    prince_NN  ,_,  lord_NN  ,_,    more_RG  familiar_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  Emir_NC2  .  
  similarly_RR  an_AT1  ending_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  transformed_VBN  in_IO  syllable_NC2  ,_,  from_IO  French_JJ  syllabe_&FW  (_(  ultimately_RR  from_IO  Greek_NN1  )_)  ,_,  by_IO  analogy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  Latin_JJ  loanwords_NNS  ending_VBG  in_IO  -able_NC2  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  what_DDQ  dictates_VBZ  that_CS  one_MC1  word_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  altered_VBN  and_CC  another_DD1  passed_VBN  over_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  to_TO  say_VV0    unfamiliarity_NN    and_CC  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  that_DD1  ;_;  familiarity_NN  and_CC  unfamiliarity_NN  are_VBR  relative_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  constituent_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  vocabulary_NN  are_VBR  terms_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  every_AT1  day_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  intimately_RR  bound_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  ordinary_JJ  existence_NN  ;_;  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  them_PPHO1  automatically_RR  ,_,  without_IO  enquiry_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  rarely_RR  ask_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  why_CS a_AT1  house_NN  is_VBZ  so_PN1  called_VBN    or_CC  a_AT1  boy_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  tree_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  bird_NN  .  
  as_CS  our_APP$  education_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  grow_VV0  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  fit_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  linguistic_JJ  pattern_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  as_CS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  our_APP$  language_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  even_RR  further_RRR  and_CC  come_VV0  to_TO  regard_VV0  the_AT1  patterns_NNS  which_DDQ  our_APP$  own_DA  language_NN  has_VHZ  assumed_VBN  as_CS  somehow_RR  normal_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  consequently_RR  view_VV0  words_NNS  entering_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  with_IO  grave_JJ  suspicion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  folk_JB  etymology_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  stems_VBZ  largely_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  it_PPH1  exercises_VBZ  on_IO  foreign_JJ  words_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  first_RR  introduced_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  changes_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  and_CC  seventeenth_MD  centuries_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  period_NN  which_DDQ  saw_VVD  the_AT1  assimilation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spate_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  loanwords_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  floodtide_NN  of_IO  Latin_JJ  loanwords_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  exotic_JJ  languages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  either_LE  directly_RR  into_IO  English_NN1  or_CC  via_IO  other_DA  European_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  trading_NN  and_CC  colonial_JJ  interests_NNS  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  English_NN1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  folk_JB  or_CC  popular_JJ  etymology_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  phenomenon_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  particularly_RR  widespread_JJ  in_IO  our_APP$  language_NN  .  
  our_APP$  insularity_NN  may_VM  account_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  another_DD1  possible_JJ  explanation_NN  .  
  our_APP$  ancestors_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  to-day_NN1  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  predilection_NN  for_IO  compound_JJ  words_NNS  ;_;  although_CS  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  disappeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  expectation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  polysyllabic_JJ  word_NN  could_VM  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  capable_JJ  of_IO  resolution_NN  into_IO  meaningful_JJ  elements_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  survived_VBN  .  
  men_NNS  of_IO  learning_NN  have_VH0  also_RR  made_VBN  free_JJ  with_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  Latin_JJ  origin_NN  .  
  abominable_NC2  was_VBDZ  from_IO  Latin_JJ  abominabilis_&FW  ,_,    deserving_VBG  imprecation_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  compound_NN  of_IO  ab_&FW  and_CC  omen_&FW  and_CC  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  deprecation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unfavourable_JJ  omen_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Wycliffe_NP  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  spelt_VBN  abhominable_NC2  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  from_IO  ab_&FW  homine_&FW  ,_,    away_RP  from_IO  man_NN  ,_,    \0i.e_RR    inhuman_JJ  .    
  modern_JJ  scholarship_NN  has_VHZ  caused_VBN  restitution_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  arbour_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  word_NN  which_DDQ  goes_VBZ  back_RP  through_IO  old_JJ  French_NN1  to_IO  Latin_JJ  herbarium_&FW  ,_,    a_AT1  green_JJ  retreat_NN  .    
  in_IO  middle_JB  English_NN1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  spelt_VBN  herber_&FW  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  h_NC2  probably_RR  already_RR  lost_VBN  in_IO  pronunciation_NN  in_IO  French_NN1  .  
  by_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  sound_NN  change_NN  in_IO  middle_JB  English_NN1  ,_,  -er_NC2  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  pronounced_VBN  -ar_NC2  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  open_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  erroneous_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  Latin_JJ  arbor_&FW  ,_,    a_AT1  tree_NN  .    
  the_AT1  spelling_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  affected_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  latterly_RR  the_AT1  meaning_NN  also_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  shady_JJ  retreat_NN  with_IO  climbing_JJ  plants_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  wood_NN    the_AT1  two_MC  ideas_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  amalgamated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  unlettered_JJ  and_CC  knowing_VBG  no_AT1  language_NN  but_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  were_VBDR  also_RR  busy_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  wrestling_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  outlandish_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  foreign_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  quite_RR  oblivious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  meanings_NNS  of_IO  most_DA  foreign_JJ  words_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  yield_VV0  satisfactory_JJ  sense_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  roots_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  sufficient_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  word_NN  be_VB0  given_VBN  English_JJ  dress_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  appropriate_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  apposite_JJ  example_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN  farthingale_NC2  ,_,  denoting_VBG  the_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  hoops_NNS  used_VBN  for_IO  extending_VBG  women's_NN2  skirts_NNS  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  word_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  subjected_VBN  twice_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  alterations_NNS  of_IO  popular_JJ  etymologists_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  French_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  English_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  kernel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  Latin_JJ  viridis_&FW  ,_,    green_JJ  ,_,    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  Spanish_JJ  verdugo_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  ,_,  pliable_JJ  green_JJ  twig_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  such_DA  twigs_NNS  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  a_AT1  verdugado_&FW  .  
  borrowed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  ,_,  it_PPH1  became_VVD  verdugale_&FW  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  safeguard_NN  of_IO  virtue_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  approach_VV0  the_AT1  lady_NN  except_CS  at_IO  arm's_NN1$  length_NN  .  
  the_AT1  French_JJ  form_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  fartugale_&FW  in_IO  middle_JB  English_NN1  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  -er_NC2  to_IO  -ar_NC2  referred_VBN  to_TO  above_II  .  
  but_CCB  no-one_PN1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  ingenious_JJ  associations_NNS  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  element_NN  being_VBG  transformed_VBN  to_IO  farthing_NC2  .  
  many_DA  words_NNS  are_VBR  thus_RR  changed_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  convey_VV0  a_AT1  meaning_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  however_CS inappropriate_JJ  ,_,  sounds_VBZ  familiarly_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  .  
  jerked_NC2  beef_NC2  ,_,  flesh_NN  dried_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  corruption_NN  of_IO  Peruvian_JJ  charqui_&FW  ;_;  compound_NC2  ,_,  meaning_VBG    enclosure_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  from_IO  Malayan_JJ  kampung_&FW  ;_;  Charterhouse_NC2  from_IO  French_JJ  Chartreuse_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  Carthusian_JJ  monastery_NN  ;_;  kichshaws_&FW  from_IO  French_JJ  quelques_&FW  choses_&FW  ;_;  battledore_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  beetle_NN  used_VBN  for_IO  beating_VBG  washing_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  probably_RR  from_IO  Spanish_JJ  batidor_&FW  ,_,    a_AT1  beater_NN  .    
  ember_NC2  days_NC2  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  ashes_NNS  of_IO  repentance_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  old_JJ  English_JJ  ymbren_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  compound_JJ  word_NN  formed_VBN  from_IO  ymb_&FW  ,_,    about_RP  ,_,  around_RP  ,_,    and_CC  ryne_&FW  ,_,    a_AT1  recurring_JJ  period_NN  .    
  in_IO  a_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  homily_NN  folk_JB  etymology_NN  can_VM  already_RR  be_VB0  seen_VBN  at_IO  work_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  word_NN  .  
  standard_JJ  English_NN1  is_VBZ  far_RR  from_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  linguistic_JJ  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  dialects_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  Hampshire_NP  farmer_NN  had_VHD  fowls_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  breeds_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  dorkings_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  discriminated_VVD  ingeniously_RR  between_IO  the_AT1    dark_JJ  'uns_CD1S    and_CC  the_AT1    white_JJ  'uns_CD1S  .    
  the_AT1  bird_NN  name_NN  fieldfare_NC2  may_VM  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  English_JJ  form_NN  feldfare_&FW  ,_,  deduced_VBN  from_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  twelfth_MD  century_NN  form_NN  feldware_&FW  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  element_NN  may_VM  originally_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  fealu_&FW  ,_,  denoting_VBG  the_AT1  yellowish_JJ  colour_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  back_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  element_NN  changed_VBN  in_IO  early_JJ  middle_JB  English_NN1  to_IO  felde_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  Cumberland_NP  ,_,  folk_JB  etymology_NN  certainly_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  dialect_NN  name_NN  ,_,  fell-faw_NC2  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  interpreted_VBN  as_IO    mountain_NN  gypsy_NN  .    
  more_DA  than_IO  irony_NN  is_VBZ  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  colloquial_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  which_DDQ  many_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  ,_,  a_AT1  glory-hole_NC2  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  element_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  Scottish_JJ  glaury_NC2  ,_,    muddy_JJ  ,_,  untidy_JJ  .    
  in_IO  Scotland_NP  and_CC  northern_JJ  England_NP  a_AT1  three-legged_JJ  stool_NN  was_VBDZ  sometimes_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  creepie_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  corruption_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  tripied_&FW  ,_,    three_MC  feet_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  interchange_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  groups_NNS  (_(  tr_NC2  )_)  and_CC  (_(  kr_NC2  )_)  is_VBZ  not_XX  uncommon_JJ  ;_;  \0cf_VV0  English_JJ  crane_NC2  ,_,  Danish_JJ  trane_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  English_JJ  huckleberry_NC2  and_CC  hurtleberry_NC2  .  
  hackberry_NC2  is_VBZ  a_AT1  corruption_NN  of_IO  hag-_NC2  /_CC  heg-_NC2  berry_NC2  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  hedge_NN  berry_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  northern_JJ  name_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bird-cherry_NN  ,_,  prunus_&FW  radus_&FW  .  
  an_AT1  ingenious_JJ  rationalisation_NN  of_IO  hegberry_NC2  emanated_VVD  from_IO  Cumberland_NP  children_NNS  who_PNQS explained_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  caw_VV0  them_PPHO1  hegberries_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  heg_VV0  (_(  \0i.e_RR  set_VV0  on_IO  edge_NN  )_)  our_APP$  teeth_NNS  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  corruption_NN  barley-men_NC2  (_(  also_RR  birley-_NC2  and_CC  burley-_NC2  )_)  from_IO  byrlawmen_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  petty_JJ  officers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  manorial_JJ  courts_NNS  in_IO  medieval_JJ  times_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  byrlaw_&FW  ,_,  cognate_JJ  with_IO  our_APP$  bye-law_NC2  ,_,  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  court_NN  .  
  terms_NNS  for_IO  marbles_NNS  such_IO  as_II  all-plaister_NC2  ,_,  yallow-plaister_NC2  ,_,  alablaster_NC2  and_CC  alley_NC2  blaster_NC2  are_VBR  corruptions_NNS  of_IO  alabaster_NC2  .  
  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  expression_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lean-faced_JJ  person_NN  is_VBZ  chittyfaced_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  corruption_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  French_JJ  Chichevache_&FW  (_(  literally_RR    starving_JJ  cow_NN    )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  monster_NN  fabled_VBN  to_TO  devour_VV0  only_RR  patient_JJ  wives_NNS  ;_;  being_VBG  therefore_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  chronic_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  starvation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  by-word_NN  for_IO  leanness_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  stanzas_NNS  of_IO  Chaucer's_PPIO2  clerk's_NN1$  tale_NN  of_IO  patient_JJ  Griselda_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  later_RRR  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  confused_VBN  with_IO  chit_NC2  ,_,  chitty_NC2  ,_,    a_AT1  young_JJ  child_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  dialect_NN  form_NN  of_IO  kitty_NC2  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  on_RP  the_AT1  meaning_NN    baby-faced_JJ  .    
  popular_JJ  etymology_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  can_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  change_NN  of_IO  meaning_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  change_NN  of_IO  form_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  also_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  arbour_NC2  .  
  a_AT1  delightful_JJ  adaptation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Latin_JJ  word_NN  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  goose-on-ten-toes_NC2  ,_,  a_AT1  goose_NN  claimed_VBN  by_IO  husbandmen_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  Sunday_NN1  after_IO  Trinity_NP  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  collect_NN  ended_VVD  :_:    ac_&FW  bonis_&FW  operibus_&FW  jugiter_&FW  praestet_&FW  esse_&FW  intentos_&FW  .    in_IO  many_DA  areas_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  India_NP  and_CC  Burma_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  basic_JJ  problems_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  solved_VBN  before_CS  development_NN  can_VM  begin_VV0  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  land_NN  reform_NN  ,_,  involving_VBG  the_AT1  break-up_NN  of_IO  feudal_JJ  ownership_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  co-operatives_NNS  .  
  only_RR  by_IO  these_DD2  means_NNS  can_VM  there_EX  be_VB0  any_DD  hope_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  communities_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  do_VD0  no_RR  better_RRR  than_CS  turn_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  India_NP  again_RR  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  these_DD2  points_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  gather_VV0  together_RR  the_AT1  threads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  by_IO  talking_VBG  of_IO  this_DD1  massive_JJ  nation_NN  of_IO  over_RR  400_MC  million_MC  people_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  size_NN  and_CC  geographical_JJ  position_NN  set_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  world_NN  politics_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  allegiance_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  rulers_NNS  to_IO  socialism_NN  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  test_NN  case_NN  for_IO  conservative_JJ  principles_NNS  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  cross-section_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  stages_NNS  of_IO  development_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  accompanying_JJ  problems_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  touched_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  essay_NN  .  
  some_DD  areas_NNS  and_CC  sectors_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  far_RR  advanced_JJ  and_CC  are_VBR  overripe_JJ  for_IO  private_JJ  domestic_JJ  and_CC  foreign_JJ  investment_NN  .  
  other_DA  areas_NNS  ,_,  mostly_RR  agricultural_JJ  ,_,  remain_VV0  in_IO  virtual_JJ  stagnation_NN  ,_,  still_RR  awaiting_VBG  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  resources_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  reforms_NNS  and_CC  organisation_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  described_VBN  .  
  across_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  economy_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  roads_NNS  ,_,  drainage_NN  ,_,  education_NN  and_CC  health_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  of_IO  telephones_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  planners_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  criticised_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  rigidity_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  plans_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  government_NN  investment_NN  in_IO  urban_JJ  and_CC  already_RR  industrialised_JJ  sectors_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  blamed_VBN  for_IO  neglect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  sector_NN  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  permanent_JJ  food_NN  shortages_NNS  and_CC  inflation_NN  of_IO  food_NN  prices_NNS  which_DDQ  this_DD1  imbalance_NN  between_IO  agriculture_NN  and_CC  industry_NN  creates_VBZ  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  truth_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  accusations_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  conservatives_NNS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  government_NN  pursue_VV0  three_MC  lines_NNS  of_IO  development_NN  policy_NN  with_IO  far_RR  greater_JJ  vigour_NN  than_CS  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  encroachment_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  withdrawal_NN  and_CC  more_RG  overt_JJ  encouragement_NN  to_IO  private_JJ  domestic_JJ  and_CC  overseas_JB  enterprise_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  finance_NN  and_CC  supervision_NN  to_IO  smallholders'_NN2  agriculture_NN  ,_,  preceded_VBN  where_CS necessary_JJ  by_IO  land_NN  reforms_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  tackled_VBN  with_IO  greater_JJ  dynamism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  thirdly_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  two_MC  policies_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  combined_VBN  with_IO  greater_JJ  diligence_NN  in_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  basic_JJ  services_NNS  and_CC  providing_VBG  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  will_VM  certainly_RR  require_VV0  considerable_JJ  government_NN  expenditure_NN  )_)  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  regard_VV0  as_CS  being_VBG  rightly_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  government_NN  .  
  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  such_DA  policies_NNS  pursued_VBN  in_IO  India_NP  is_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  some_DD  marginal_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  .  
  to_TO  withhold_VV0  aid_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  exert_VV0  this_DD1  influence_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  more_DA  aid_NN  ,_,  better_RRR  administered_VBN  ,_,  offers_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  hope_NN  of_IO  success_NN  .  
  aid_NN  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  contracting_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  element_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  for_CS  its_APP$  aim_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  return_VV0  predominantly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  initiative_NN  both_DB2  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  economic_JJ  development_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  assist_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  capital_NN  investment_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  partial_JJ  substitute_NN  .  
  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  general_JJ  objective_NN  .  
  to_TO  deny_VV0  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  dispensation_NN  of_IO  all_DB  aid_NN  purposeless_JJ  and_CC  wasteful_JJ  .  
  while_CS  development_NN  gathers_VBZ  momentum_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  condone_VV0  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  deviations_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  support_VV0  and_CC  would_VM  see_VV0  established_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  ,_,  amidst_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  changes_NNS  and_CC  expedients_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  both_DB2  provide_VV0  aid_NN  and_CC  bring_VV0  to_TO  bear_VV0  some_DD  influence_NN  in_IO  line_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  general_JJ  aim_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  stand_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  thriving_JJ  economies_NNS  growing_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  underdeveloped_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  free_JJ  enterprise_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  friendship_NN  and_CC  unity_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  already_RR  industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  run_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  divorcing_VBG  the_AT1  poor_JJ  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  and_CC  of_IO  creating_VBG  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  subversion_NN  ,_,  disruption_NN  and_CC  tyranny_NN  which_DDQ  that_DD1  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  can_VM  bring_VV0  .  
  James_NP  Lemkin_NP  .  
  commonwealth_NN  approaches_NNS  .  
  9_MC  .  
  conservatism_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  post-imperial_JB  age_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  amidst_IO  revolution_NN  and_CC  turmoil_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  British_JJ  commonwealth_NN  survives_VBZ  .  
  its_APP$  continued_JJ  existence_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  itself_PPX1  proof_NN  positive_JJ  to_IO  conservatives_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  institution_NN  works_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  is_VBZ  there_EX  too_RG  much_DA  complacency_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  .  
  is_VBZ  interracial_JJ  partnership_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  hub_NN  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  development_NN  ,_,  possible_JJ  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  in_IO  1960_MC  is_VBZ  that_CS  numbers_NNS  matter_VV0  more_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  in_IO  1970_MC  show_VV0  that_CS  European_NN1  ,_,  Asian_NN1  and_CC  African_NN1  must_VM  cooperate_VV0  to_TO  sustain_VV0  an_AT1  expanding_JJ  economy_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  representative_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  government_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  1970_MC  are_VBR  desirable_JJ  political_JJ  ends_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  denied_VBN  by_IO  few_DA  British_JJ  politicians_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hub_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  argument_NN    and_CC  this_DD1  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  merely_RR  British_JJ  Africa_NP    is_VBZ  that_CS  conservative_JJ  principle_NN  will_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  methods_NNS  being_VBG  applied_VBN  that_PNQS would_VM  differ_VV0  substantially_RR  from_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  maximise_VV0  freedom_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  greatly_RR  from_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  prefer_VV0  rapid_JJ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  revolutionary_JJ  ,_,  social_JJ  change_NN  to_IO  organic_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  conservatives_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  in_IO  their_APP$  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  start_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  clean_JJ  plate_NN  .  
  their_APP$  record_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  species_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curate's_NN1$  egg_NN  .  
  some_DD  economic_JJ  neglect_NN  ,_,  some_DD  administrative_JJ  tyranny_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shameful_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  other_DA  places_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  broad_JJ  progress_NN  under_IO  a_AT1  conservative_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  startling_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  merely_RR  to_IO  indigenous_JJ  commonwealth_NN  peoples_NNS  fed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  tory_JJ  bogeymen_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  conservatives_NNS  who_PNQS found_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  sense_NN  planted_VBN  amongst_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  cooperated_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  Asia_NP  and_CC  Africa_NP  .  
  conservatives_NNS  today_NN1  are_VBR  cast_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  liberalising_JJ  mantle_NN  ,_,  however_CS much_RR  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  may_VM  wish_VV0  the_AT1  garment_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  thrown_VBN  off_RP  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  conservatives_NNS  bring_VV0  three_MC  political_JJ  principles_NNS  to_TO  bear_VV0  .  
  first_RR  they_PPHS2  see_VV0  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  this_DD1  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  tory_JJ  self-reconciliation_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  reciprocity_NN  of_IO  material_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  declines_VBZ  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  accept_VV0  that_CS  effective_JJ  power_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  passed_VBN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  successfully_RR  recalled_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  leads_VBZ  tories_NNS  sometimes_RR  to_TO  credit_VV0  non-_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  not_XX  wholly_RR  ,_,  self-governing_JJ  European_JJ  communities_NNS  with_IO  greater_JJ  authority_NN  than_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  such_DA  groups_NNS  have_VH0  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  conservatives_NNS  accept_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  objective_JJ  law_NN  free_JJ  from_IO  administrative_JJ  meddling_NN    the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  now_RL  given_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  working_JJ  conservative_JJ  approaches_NNS  a_AT1  keen_JJ  supporter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  may_VM  well_RR  meet_VV0  himself_PPX1  coming_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  statute_NN  of_IO  Westminster_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  equal_JJ  power_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  also_RR  knows_VBZ  that_CS  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  will_VM  destroy_VV0  the_AT1  unity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  translation_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  nation_NN  abroad_RR  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  spoken_VBN  of_IO  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Iain_NP  Macleod_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  meaningless_JJ  unless_CS  a_AT1  stand_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  on_IO  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  (_(  in_IO  whichever_DDQ  direction_NN  it_PPH1  operates_VBZ  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  conservative_NN  speaks_VBZ  up_RP  for_IO  impartial_JJ  law_NN  but_CCB  what_DDQ  of_IO  Hola_NP  .  
  and_CC  because_CS  he_PPHO1  starts_VBZ  from_IO  this_DD1  standpoint_NN  few_DA  speeches_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  secretaryship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  colonies_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  fact_NN  more_RG  effective_JJ  than_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Enoch_NP  Powell_NP  on_IO  Hola_NP  to_IO  an_AT1  unvigilant_JJ  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  at_IO  half_DB  past_IO  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  to_TO  stand_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  law_NN  enables_VBZ  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  regime_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  closing_JJ  days_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  purge_VV0  itself_PPX1  of_IO  its_APP$  paternalist_JJ  past_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS a_AT1  newly_RR  independent_JJ  regime_NN  rejects_VBZ  the_AT1  common_JJ  law_NN  and_CC  substitutes_VBZ  rule_NN  by_IO  executive_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  some_DD  conservatives_NNS  wonder_VV0  whether_CS  these_DD2  political_JJ  principles_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  playthings_NNS  of_IO  academics_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  medicine_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  government_NN  .  
  conservatives_NNS  in_IO  government_NN  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  being_VBG  carried_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  e*?2lan_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalism_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  and_CC  this_DD1  overshadows_VBZ  their_APP$  concern_NN  for_IO  order_NN  which_DDQ  at_RR  best_RR  means_VBZ  a_AT1  balanced_JJ  advance_NN  ,_,  putting_VBG  emphasis_NN  on_IO  economic_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  political_JJ  development_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  define_VV0  balance_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  defy_VV0  politics_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  bread_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  votes_NNS  ,_,  sometimes_RR  both_DB2  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  territories_NNS  votes_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  bread_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  provided_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  conservative_NN  properly_RR  brings_VBZ  an_AT1  undogmatic_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  problems_NNS  .  
  in_IO  being_VBG  pragmatic_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  priorities_NNS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  rightly_RR  emphasise_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  advance_NN  of_IO  Somalia_NP  ,_,  while_CS  arguing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  that_CS  a_AT1  more_RG  complex_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  constitutional_JJ  checks_NNS  and_CC  balances_NNS  is_VBZ  required_VBN  in_IO  northern_JJ  Rhodesia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  jibe_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mboya_NP  in_IO  attacking_VBG  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  conference_NN  that_CS  what_DDQ  Somalia_NP  required_VVD  were_VBDR  settlers_NNS  was_VBDZ  double-edged_JJ  .  
  settlers_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  retarded_VBN  Somalia's_PPIO2  political_JJ  progress_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  much_RR  better_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  .  
  no_AT1  conservative_NN  in_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  will_VM  underestimate_VV0  Britain's_PPIO2  interests_NNS  in_IO  preserving_VBG  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  institution_NN  .  
  to_TO  say_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_DD1  commonwealth_NN  relations_NNS  are_VBR  merely_RR  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  Britain_NP  must_VM  analyse_VV0  her_APP$  interests_NNS  hard_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  determine_VV0  in_IO  what_DDQ  way_NN  her_APP$  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  effective_JJ  and_CC  acceptable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  today_NN1  is_VBZ  largely_RR  a_AT1  new_JJ  institution_NN  .  
  Sharpeville_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  responsibility_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  coloured_JJ  territories_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  drive_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  economic_JJ  aid_NN  to_IO  under-developed_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  willingness_NN  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  to_TO  prefer_VV0  commonwealth_NN  under-developed_JJ  countries_NNS  to_IO  foreign_JJ  under-developed_JJ  countries_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  priority_NN  for_IO  aid_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  for_IO  administrative_JJ  and_CC  technical_JJ  assistance_NN    all_DB  these_DD2  have_VH0  shifted_VBN  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  subjects_NNS  for_IO  discussion_NN  amongst_IO  commonwealth_NN  Prime_NNSB1  Ministers_NNSB2  from_IO  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  world_NN  and_CC  from_IO  inter-commonwealth_JB  trade_NN    as_CS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  principal_JB  subjects_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  world_NN  war_NN    to_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  gamut_NN  of_IO  subjects_NNS  bound_VBN  up_RP  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  with_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  psychological_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  now_RL  Britain's_PPIO2  interests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  are_VBR  four-fold_JJ  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  large_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  striving_VBG  to_TO  maintain_VV0  an_AT1  existing_JJ  large_JJ  institution_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  enlarged_VBN  as_CS  each_DD1  year_NN  goes_VBZ  by_RP  ,_,  without_IO  committing_VBG  it_PPH1  strategically_RR  to_IO  Russia_NP  or_CC  America_NP  .  
  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  double_JJ  role_NN  to_TO  play_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN    Canada_NP  ,_,  Great_NP  Britain_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP    are_VBR  bound_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  defence_NN  pacts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  devised_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  protection_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Sino-Soviet_JJ  block_NN  .  
  Britain_NP  nevertheless_RR  can_VM  maintain_VV0  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  peculiarly_RR  friendly_JJ  relations_NNS  with_IO  countries_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  aligned_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  struggle_NN  .  
  Britain's_PPIO2  second_MD  interest_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  harness_VV0  the_AT1  power_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  the_AT1  political_JJ  power_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  skill_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  healing_VBG  divisions_NNS  in_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    first_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  putting_VBG  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  in_IO  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  secondly_RR  in_IO  assisting_VBG  to_TO  maintain_VV0  peace_NN  in_IO  countries_NNS  adjacent_JJ  to_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  interest_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  in_IO  truth_NN  be_VB0  said_VBN  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  declining_JJ  interest_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  expand_VV0  the_AT1  trade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sterling_NN  commonwealth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  declining_JJ  interest_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  purchasing_NN  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  under-developed_JJ  countries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  will_VM  rise_VV0  slowly_RR  compared_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  these_DD2  areas_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  areas_NNS  of_IO  primary_JJ  producing_NN  ,_,  will_VM  not_XX  show_VV0  the_AT1  most_RG  dramatic_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  consumption_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  decade_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  expansion_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  trade_NN  ,_,  Britain_NP  will_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  out_RP  of_IO  trade_NN  of_IO  manufactured_JJ  made-up_JB  goods_NNS  with_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  countries_NNS  of_IO  south_NN1  east_NN1  Asia_NP  before_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  see_VV0  any_DD  great_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  trade_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  sterling_NN  area_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Britain's_PPIO2  last_DA  interest_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  assist_VV0  the_AT1  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  to_TO  modernise_VV0  rapidly_RR  by_IO  speeding_VBG  technical_JJ  progress_NN  through_IO  an_AT1  acceptable_JJ  educational_JJ  system_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  selfish_JJ  aims_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  rebound_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  two_MC  ways_NNS  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  friends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS negotiations_NNS  of_IO  international_JJ  problems_NNS  are_VBR  resolved_VBN  by_IO  larger_JJ  and_CC  larger_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  nations_NNS  .  
  friends_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  safe_JJ  conduct_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  affairs_NNS  abroad_RR  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  medium_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  teachers_NNS  and_CC  administrators_NNS  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  word_NN  can_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  in_IO  some_DD  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  arrogant_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  only_RR  of_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  country_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  dwindling_VBG  as_CS  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  races_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  power_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  territories_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  London_NP  as_CS  being_VBG  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  activities_NNS  has_VHZ  shifted_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  continent_NN  to_IO  Asia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  ,_,  to_IO  Africa_NP  .  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  undoubtedly_RR  helped_VBN  to_TO  fortify_VV0  its_APP$  already_RR  substantial_JJ  reputation_NN  for_IO  fairness_NN  and_CC  efficiency_NN  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  can_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  best_RBT  be_VB0  assessed_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  readers_NNS  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  through_IO  my_APP$  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  some_DD  instances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  Ombudsman's_NNSB2  activities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  individual_JJ  grievance_NN  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  summer_NN  issue_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  the_AT1  journal_NN    public_JJ  law_NN    published_VVD  an_AT1  article_NN  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  \0I_NP  \0M_NP  Pedersen_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Danish_JJ  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ombudsman's_NNSB2  work_NN  is_VBZ  attempted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  article_NN  gives_VBZ  is_VBZ  so_RG  clear_JJ  and_CC  convincing_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  inserting_VBG  it_PPH1  as_IO  an_AT1  appendix_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  confine_VV0  myself_PPX1  here_RL  to_IO  describing_VBG  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  outstanding_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  complaint_NN  addressed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Ombudsman_NNSB1  by_IO  a_AT1  bookseller_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS held_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  penalized_VBN  by_IO  publicity_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  brought_VBN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  defrauding_VBG  his_APP$  creditors_NNS  .  
  on_IO  investigation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  wife_NN  from_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  separated_VBN  had_VHD  been_VBN  summoned_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  evidence_NN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sent_VBN  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  summons_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  revealed_VVD  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  alleged_JJ  offence_NN  ,_,  to_IO  relations_NNS  who_PNQS thereupon_RR  stopped_VVD  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  financial_JJ  assistance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Ombudsman_NNSB1  recommended_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  future_JB  summonses_NNS  to_IO  witnesses_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  show_VV0  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offence_NN  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  tried_VBN  and_CC  this_DD1  recommendation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  embodied_VBN  in_IO  law_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  inquiry_NN  the_AT1  Ombudsman_NNSB1  revealed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  ministry_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  acting_VBG  ultra_RR  vires_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  matter_NN  for_IO  some_DD  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  activities_NNS  have_VH0  likewise_RR  embraced_VBN  such_DA  varying_JJ  subjects_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  certified_JJ  mental_JJ  patients_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  consent_NN  asked_VBN  before_CS  a_AT1  leucotomy_NN  is_VBZ  performed_VBN  on_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  a_AT1  complaint_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Copenhagen_NP  police_NNS  for_IO  alleged_JJ  aggressive_JJ  action_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  licensing_NN  offence_NN  .  
  equally_RR  ,_,  various_JJ  other_DA  matters_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  calculation_NN  of_IO  damages_NNS  in_IO  cases_NNS  of_IO  disablement_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  beyond_IO  his_APP$  practical_JJ  competence_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  Ombudsman_NNSB1  has_VHZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  skill_NN  and_CC  high_JJ  reputation_NN  of_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Hurwitz_NP  ,_,  Denmark's_PPIO2  first_MD  Ombudsman_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  where_CS academic_JJ  qualifications_NNS  are_VBR  highly_RR  valued_VBN  ,_,  his_APP$  distinction_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  professor_NN  of_IO  criminal_JJ  science_NN  has_VHZ  stood_VBN  him_PPHO1  in_IO  good_JJ  stead_NN  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  where_CS high_JJ  academic_JJ  appointments_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  normally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  proof_NN  of_IO  administrative_JJ  or_CC  judicial_JJ  wisdom_NN  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS even_RR  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  criminal_JJ  science_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  dispute_NN  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Hurwitz'_PPIO2  success_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  less_RG  outstanding_JJ  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  should_VM  look_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  judge_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  retired_JJ  and_CC  senior_JJ  Treasury_NP  official_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  to_TO  provide_VV0  such_DA  services_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  required_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  matters_VBZ  is_VBZ  that_CS  Denmark_NP  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  found_VBN  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  satisfying_VBG  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  prima_&FW  facie_&FW  a_AT1  legitimate_JJ  public_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  protection_NN  against_IO  administrative_JJ  abuse_NN  without_IO  either_LE  paralysing_VBG  administration_NN  or_CC  diminishing_VBG  the_AT1  dignity_NN  and_CC  independence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  judicature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  least_DA  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constitutional_JJ  example_NN  worthy_JJ  of_IO  scrutiny_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  other_DA  political_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  circumstances_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  include_VV0  the_AT1  tendency_NN  towards_IO  ever-increasing_JJ  administration_NN  noted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  advocates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Ombudsman_NNSB1  in_IO  post-war_JB  Denmark_NP  .  
  already_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  words_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  exposition_NN  which_DDQ  demand_VV0  much_RR  closer_JJ  analysis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  respective_JJ  spheres_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  and_CC  administration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  precise_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  judicial_JJ  and_CC  executive_JJ  acts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  relationship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  legislature_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  other_DA  two_MC  branches_NNS  of_IO  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  sovereignty_NN  cherished_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  all_DB  matters_NNS  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  examined_VBN  more_RG  thoroughly_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  relevance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  institution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ombudsman_NNSB1  for_IO  this_DD1  country's_NN1$  affairs_NNS  can_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  judged_VBN  .  
  chapter_NN  two_MC  .  
  legality_NN  or_CC  justice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  England_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  competitors_NNS  to_IO  sovereignty_NN  ,_,  King_NNSB1  ,_,  parliament_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  judges_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  judges_NNS  withdrew_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  contest_NN  and_CC  King_NNSB1  and_CC  parliament_NN  were_VBDR  left_VBN  to_TO  fight_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  between_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  judges_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  crucial_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  imparted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  government_NN  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  ever_RR  since_II  remained_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  in_IO  form_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  dominant_JJ  characteristic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  sovereignty_NN  .  
  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  that_CS  parliament_NN  is_VBZ  legally_RR  entitled_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  chooses_VBZ  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  final_JJ  authority_NN  before_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  others_DA2  must_VM  bow_VV0  ,_,  now_RL  has_VHZ  general_JJ  acceptance_NN  here_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  elsewhere_RR  .  
  other_DA  countries_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  of_IO  America_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  sought_VBN  to_TO  guarantee_VV0  liberty_NN  by_IO  laying_VBG  down_RP  a_AT1  fundamental_JJ  law_NN  and_CC  entrusting_VBG  its_APP$  guardianship_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  supreme_JJ  court_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  sought_VBN  still_RR  further_RRR  to_TO  guarantee_VV0  this_DD1  system_NN  of_IO  law_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  strict_JJ  separation_NN  and_CC  balance_NN  of_IO  powers_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  legislature_NN  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  welfare_NN  of_IO  society_NN  demands_VBZ  the_AT1  unquestioning_JJ  and_CC  habitual_JJ  acceptance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supremacy_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  parliament_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  limit_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  competence_NN  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  bind_VV0  its_APP$  successors_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  decisive_JJ  steps_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mistake_NN  to_TO  read_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  debates_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  the_AT1  modern_JJ  conception_NN  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  sovereignty_NN  which_DDQ  grew_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  three_MC  participants_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  conflicts_NNS  of_IO  Stuart_NP  times_NNS  in_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  accepted_VVD  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  fundamental_JJ  law_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  largely_RR  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  sovereignty_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  formulated_VBN  .  
  King_NNSB1  ,_,  judges_NNS  and_CC  parliament_NN  ,_,  in_IO  debating_VBG  such_DA  matters_NNS  as_IO  who_PNQS  had_VHD  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  impose_VV0  taxes_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  appealed_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  ill-defined_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  customs_NNS  and_CC  principles_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  assumed_VVD  to_TO  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  immemorial_JJ  law_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  .  
  the_AT1  notion_NN  that_CS  government_NN  existed_VVD  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  and_CC  interpret_VV0  this_DD1  law_NN  was_VBDZ  common_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  no_AT1  clear_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  legislation_NN  and_CC  adjudication_NN  .  
  officially_RR  ,_,  parliament_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  normally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  legislator_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  is_VBZ  still_RR  designated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    high_JJ  court_NN    .  
  its_APP$  procedure_NN  still_RR  bears_VBZ  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  marks_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  origin_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  where_CS private_JJ  grievances_NNS  are_VBR  aired_VBN  and_CC  remedied_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  very_DA  word_NN    enact_NC2    strictly_RR  means_VBZ    interpret_VV0    ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  law_NN  making_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  creative_JJ  process_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  very_RG  novel_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  institution_NN  existing_VBG  mainly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  defence_NN  and_CC  adjustment_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  rights_NNS  was_VBDZ  dominant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth-century_JB  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  concerned_VVD  private_JJ  and_CC  indeed_RR  intimate_JJ  affairs_NNS  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  enclose_VV0  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  land_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  only_RR  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  private_JJ  act_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  ;_;  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  divorce_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  only_RR  by_IO  means_II  of_II  such_DA  an_AT1  act_NN  .  
  the_AT1  procedure_NN  for_IO  private_JJ  bills_NNS  still_RR  had_VHD  an_AT1  important_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  done_VBN  by_IO  administrative_JJ  act_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  compulsory_JJ  acquisition_NN  of_IO  land_NN  for_IO  such_DA  purposes_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  railways_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  private_JJ  acts_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bill_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  up_RP  for_IO  parliamentary_JJ  consideration_NN  ,_,  interested_JJ  parties_NNS  would_VM  send_VV0  their_APP$  lawyers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  to_TO  plead_VV0  their_APP$  cause_NN  .  
  no_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  profitable_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  quicker_JJ  highroad_NN  to_IO  success_NN  until_IO  quite_RR  recent_JJ  times_NNS  than_IO  this_DD1  parliamentary_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  characteristic_JJ  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complicated_JJ  and_CC  irrational_JJ  franchise_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Commons_NP  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  before_IO  1832_MC  was_VBDZ  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  irregularities_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  produced_VVD  an_AT1  assembly_NN  well_RR  fitted_VBN  to_TO  discharge_VV0  the_AT1  essential_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  conceived_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  guaranteeing_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  rights_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  assembly_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  argument_NN  ran_VVD  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  man_NN  might_VM  plead_VV0  his_APP$  grievance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  listened_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  representatives_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  considerable_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  emerge_VV0  would_VM  represent_VV0  something_PN1  like_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  commonsense_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  from_IO  1832_MC  onwards_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  character_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  radically_RR  changed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  procedure_NN  for_IO  private_JJ  bills_NNS  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  extinct_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  instances_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  use_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Esso_NP  petroleum_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  private_JJ  company_NN  sought_VVD  powers_NNS  of_IO  compulsory_JJ  purchase_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  safely_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  certain_JJ  qualifications_NNS  regarding_IO  question_NN  time_NN  and_CC  adjournment_NN  debates_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  primary_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  has_VHZ  ceased_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  rectification_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  grievances_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  become_VBN  the_AT1  enactment_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  legislation_NN  .  
  large_JJ  and_CC  highly_RR  disciplined_JJ  parties_NNS  emerged_VVD  with_IO  organised_JJ  followings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  minority_NN  of_IO  issues_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  can_VM  formulate_VV0  an_AT1  independent_JJ  view_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  contemporary_JJ  exponents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  constitution_NN  ,_,  like_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Ivor_NP  Jennings_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  no_AT1  hesitation_NN  in_IO  holding_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  real_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  sustain_VV0  government_NN  in_IO  office_NN  .  
  public_JJ  interest_NN  has_VHZ  largely_RR  shifted_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  Westminster_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  conferences_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  private_JJ  conclaves_NNS  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  parties_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  supported_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  developed_JJ  bureaucracy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  these_DD2  places_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  that_CS  things_NNS  really_RR  happen_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  general_JJ  plans_NNS  of_IO  future_JB  legislation_NN  are_VBR  formulated_VBN  ,_,  subsequently_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  embodied_VBN  in_IO  election_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  victorious_JJ  party_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  election_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  assume_VV0  ,_,  often_RR  with_IO  little_DA  justification_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  authorised_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  detail_NN  the_AT1  measures_NNS  listed_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  programme_NN  ,_,  measures_NNS  conceived_VBN  by_IO  party_NN  bureaucrats_NNS  ,_,  born_VBN  at_IO  party_NN  conferences_NNS  and_CC  designed_VBN  less_RRR  to_TO  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  will_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  or_CC  even_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  at_RR  large_RR  than_CS  to_TO  appease_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  zealots_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  functioning_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  have_VH0  of_RR  course_RR  been_VBN  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  similar_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  constitutional_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  the_AT1  constitution_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  conceived_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  rights_NNS  and_CC  legislation_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  dynamic_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  an_AT1  interpretative_JJ  ,_,  process_NN  .  
  the_AT1  legislator's_NN1$  task_NN  is_VBZ  conceived_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  that_DD1  of_IO  formulating_VBG  general_JJ  laws_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  good_NN  of_IO  society_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  adjusting_VBG  private_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  inevitably_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  highly_RR  organised_JJ  interests_NNS  within_IO  society_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  great_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  some_DD  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  growing_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  law_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  substantial_JJ  representation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Commons_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  influence_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  commonly_RR  exercised_VBN  outside_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  balances_NNS  between_IO  different_JJ  religious_JJ  denominations_NNS  embodied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Butler_NP  education_NN  act_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  prolonged_JJ  diplomacy_NN  exercised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  before_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  .  
  almost_RR  all_DB  acts_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  today_NN1  are_VBR  preceded_VBN  by_IO  negotiations_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  process_NN  takes_VBZ  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  pressures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  parliament_NN  representing_VBG  the_AT1  general_JJ  will_NN  formulates_VBZ  general_JJ  rules_NNS  for_IO  society_NN  at_RR  large_RR  .  
  the_AT1  generality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  inevitable_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complexity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matters_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  contemporary_JJ  legislation_NN  deals_VBZ  and_CC  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  affected_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  increasingly_RR  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  consequence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  legislator_NN  addresses_VBZ  himself_PPX1  with_IO  particularity_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  or_CC  that_DD1  man_NN  or_CC  group_NN  his_APP$  perception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  good_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  perforce_RR  be_VB0  corrupted_VBN  .  
  obviously_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  nothing_PN1  could_VM  be_VB0  further_RRR  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  parliamentary_JJ  government_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  handed_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  early_JJ  Victorian_JJ  ancestors_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  generality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  lawmaking_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  whatever_DDQ  way_NN  government_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  theoretically_RR  conceived_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  practice_NN  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  adjustment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  multiplicity_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  establish_VV0  general_JJ  principles_NNS  and_CC  rules_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  details_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  filled_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  someone_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  filling_VBG  in_RP  these_DD2  gaps_NNS  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  in_IO  modern_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  half-century_NN  parliament_NN  has_VHZ  perforce_RR  delegated_VBN  to_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  and_CC  to_IO  subordinate_JJ  organs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  devising_VBG  the_AT1  measures_NNS  needed_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  objects_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  legislation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  measures_NNS  thus_RR  devised_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  lacked_VBN  the_AT1  direct_JJ  consent_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  endowed_VBN  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  statutes_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  decrees_NNS  have_VH0  themselves_PPX2  been_VBN  very_RG  general_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  machinery_NN  for_IO  reviewing_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  parliament_NN  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  highly_RR  inadequate_JJ  .  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  piece_NN  ,_,  bubbling_VBG  with_IO  Mediterranean_NP  joie_&FW  de_&FW  vivre_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  redolent_JJ  of_IO  bougainvillaea_NN  and_CC  pizza_NN  ,_,  remains_VBZ  pretty_RR  constant_JJ  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  countries_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  the_AT1  daily_JJ  papers_NNS  devote_VV0  columns_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  for_IO  more_DA  .  
  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  in_RR  particular_RR  will_VM  take_VV0  an_AT1  indefinite_JJ  wordage_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  where_CS the_AT1  lemon_NN  blooms_VBZ  .  
  German_JJ  correspondents_NNS  can_VM  survey_VV0  their_APP$  public_NN  on_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Peter's_PPIO2  Square_NNL1  every_AT1  Easter_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  stand_VV0  in_IO  pouring_JJ  rain_NN  amid_IO  the_AT1  puddles_NNS  ,_,  dressed_VBN  in_IO  thin_JJ  cambric_NN  blouses_NNS  and_CC  astonishingly_RR  short_JJ  shorts_NNS  .  
  between_IO  their_APP$  chattering_JJ  teeth_NNS  they_PPHS2  emit_VV0  little_JJ  cries_NNS  of_IO  Wunderscho"n_&FW  !_!  and_CC  Fantastisch_&FW  !_!  as_CS  they_PPHS2  empty_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  camera_NN  shutters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  journalistic_JJ  dog-days_NNS  from_IO  May_NN1  to_IO  September_NN1  are_VBR  a_AT1  cruel_JJ  problem_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  professionisti_&FW  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  expected_VBN  to_TO  offer_VV0  their_APP$  employers_NNS  something_PN1  more_RG  substantial_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  old-world_JB  customs_NNS  thought_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  national_JJ  tourist_NN  board_NN  .  
  not_XX  for_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  fragrant_JJ  piece_NN  about_IO  wine_NN  running_VBG  from_IO  fountains_NNS  at_IO  some_DD  village_NN  festa_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  certain_JJ  hardy_JJ  perennials_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  evolved_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  this_DD1  recurring_JJ  crisis_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_IO  bad_JJ  form_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  before_IO  July_NN1  .  
  safest_JJT  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  that_PNQS comes_VBZ  in_RP  from_IO  Pisa_NP  about_RR  30th_MD  June_NN1  each_DD1  year_NN  :_:  
  leaning_JJ  tower_NN  tottering_VBG  !_!  
  Japanese_JJ  expert_NN  injects_VBZ  plastic_NN  into_IO  foundations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  story_NN  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  numerous_JJ  variants_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  usually_RR  good_JJ  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  ten_MC  lines_NNS  on_IO  an_AT1  inside_JB  page_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  with_IO  another_DD1  ten_MC  lines_NNS  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  de*?2menti_NN  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Mayor_NNSB1  of_IO  Pisa_NP  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  Venice_NP  comes_VBZ  in_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  similarly_RR  useful_JJ  item_NN  :_:  
  palaces_NNS  sink_VV0  into_IO  grand_JJ  canal_NN  :_:  
  bridge_NN  of_IO  sighs_NNS  subsiding_VBG  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  decided_VBN  to_TO  let_VV0  this_DD1  standby_NN  lie_VV0  fallow_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  season_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  handy_JJ  substitute_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  strike_NN  of_IO  gondoliers_NNS  .  
  bits_NNS  about_IO  gondoliers_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  printed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  some_DD  jealousy_NN  about_IO  these_DD2  stories_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Florence_NP  has_VHZ  retorted_VBN  strongly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  ant_NN  peril_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  advantage_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  well-known_JJ  building_NN  :_:  
  termites_NNS  undermine_VV0  Pitti_NP  Palace_NNL1  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  favourite_JB  version_NN  .  
  floods_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Po_NP  Valley_NNL1  and_CC  eruptions_NNS  of_IO  Etna_NP  and_CC  Vesuvius_NP  are_VBR  usually_RR  well_RR  received_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  snowfalls_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  are_VBR  the_AT1  safest_JJT  weather-stories_NNS  any_DD  date_NN  after_IO  15th_MD  May_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  telephoned_VBN  or_CC  cabled_VBN  with_IO  special_JJ  confidence_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  involve_VV0  blocking_NN  of_IO  well-known_JJ  passes_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  the_AT1  \0St_NNSB1  Bernard_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  case_NN  ,_,  mention_NN  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  hospice_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  dogs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customary_JJ  to_TO  state_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  ,_,  because_CS  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  gone_VBN  raving_RR  mad_JJ  and_CC  attacked_VBN  travellers_NNS  in_IO  distress_NN  ,_,  or_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  are_VBR  so_RR  enfeebled_VBN  by_IO  inbreeding_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  hardly_RR  stand_VV0  up_RP  .  
  should_VM  snow_NN  occur_VV0  anywhere_RR  within_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  reported_VBN  that_CS  packs_NNS  of_IO  famished_JJ  wolves_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  driven_VBN  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  Abruzzi_NP  and_CC  have_VH0  decimated_VBN  flocks_NNS  of_IO  sheep_NNS  within_IO  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Colosseum_NP  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  item_NN  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  printed_VBN  much_RR  before_IO  Christmas_NP  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  inspired_JJ  variant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bitter_JJ  weather_NN  story_NN  recently_RR  almost_RR  reached_VVD  the_AT1  heights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  love-mad_JJ  Major_NNSB1  .  it_PPH1  ran_VVD  in_IO  several_DA  papers_NNS  simultaneously_RR  .  
  a_AT1  postman_NN  named_VBN  Giancarlo_NP  Peppino_NP  Dante_NP  Tagliabue_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  delivering_VBG  letters_NNS  for_IO  thirty_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  rural_JJ  district_NN  near_IO  Aquila_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  proud_JJ  of_IO  never_RR  having_VHG  missed_VBN  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  heavy_JJ  snowfalls_NNS  had_VHD  covered_VBN  the_AT1  rugged_JJ  district_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  ,_,  thick_JJ  mantle_NN  ,_,  interspersed_VBN  with_IO  occasional_JJ  drifts_NNS  .  
  Giancarlo_NP  strapped_VVD  on_RP  his_APP$  skis_NNS  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  and_CC  set_VVD  off_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  round_NN  .  
  at_IO  seven-thirty_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  shepherd_NN  ,_,  gamely_RR  negotiating_VBG  a_AT1  particularly_RR  tricky_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  road_NN  to_IO  San_NP  Doloroso_NP  .  
  at_IO  about_RR  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  linesmen_NNS  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  cable_NN  four_MC  kilometres_NNS  from_IO  Monte_NP  Callifugo_NP  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  heard_VVD  howls_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  deep-throated_JJ  baying_NN  .  
  at_IO  four_MC  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  growing_VBG  dark_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  patrol_NN  of_IO  carabinieri_&FW  found_VVD  Tagliabue's_PPIO2  official_JJ  cap_NN  halfway_RR  down_IO  a_AT1  snow-covered_JJ  hillside_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  above_II  ,_,  half-buried_JJ  in_IO  drifts_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  twenty_MC  or_CC  thirty_MC  letters_NNS  ,_,  five_MC  copies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  corriere_&FW  dell'_&FW  aquila_&FW  and_CC  an_AT1  official_JJ  receipt-book_NN  for_IO  registered_JJ  mail_NN  .  
  of_IO  Giancarlo_NP  nothing_PN1  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  .  .  
  several_DA  papers_NNS  ran_VVD  banner_NN  headlines_NNS  :_:  
  devoted_JJ  postman_NN  eaten_VBN  by_IO  wolves_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  left-wing_JB  organ_NN  recalled_VVD  that_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  Tagliabue_NP  had_VHD  received_VBN  a_AT1  scroll_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  postal_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  .  
  two_MC  agencies_NNS  circulated_VVD  smudgy_JJ  photographs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  unattractive_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  seven_MC  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  voce_&FW  di_&FW  trastevere_&FW  opened_VVD  a_AT1  nation-wide_JJ  subscription_NN  fund_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  several_DA  weeks_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  Tagliabue_NP  was_VBDZ  detained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Foggia_NP  police_NNS  for_IO  simulating_VBG  an_AT1  offence_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sweating_VBG  up_IO  that_DD1  snow-covered_JJ  hillside_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  ,_,  reflecting_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  pensioned_VBN  for_IO  another_DD1  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  his_APP$  nagging_JJ  wife_NN  and_CC  appalling_JJ  brats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  letters_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  hat_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  snow_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  train_NN  to_IO  Foggia_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  living_VBG  there_RL  ever_RR  since_II  with_IO  a_AT1  waitress_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  trattoria_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  wolf_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  travelling_JJ  zoo_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  convey_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  authentic_JJ  news_NN  is_VBZ  transmitted_VBN  from_IO  Italy_NP  .  
  many_DA  Rome_NP  reports_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  solid_JJ  facts_NNS    as_CS  witness_VV0  the_AT1  affair_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twenty-six_MC  Yemeni_JJ  concubines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Alban_NP  Hills_NPLS  south-east_NN1  of_IO  Rome_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  celebrated_VBN  since_IO  pre-classical_JB  days_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  countryside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  picturesque_JJ  town_NN  of_IO  Frascati_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  successively_RR  the_AT1  headquarters_NN  of_IO  Etruscan_JJ  kings_NNS  ,_,  Saracen_JJ  pirates_NNS  ,_,  renaissance_NN  princes_NNS  and_CC  German_JJ  field-marshals_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rare_JJ  for_IO  buildings_NNS  there_RL  to_TO  fly_VV0  large_JJ  red_JJ  flags_NNS  emblazoned_VBN  with_IO  scimitars_NNS  and_CC  five-pointed_JJ  stars_NNS  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  rash_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  exotic_JJ  banners_NNS  broke_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  Frascati_NP  one_MC1  recent_JJ  June_NN1  ,_,  residents_NNS  at_RR  first_RR  suspected_VVD  another_DD1  foreign_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  quickly_RR  reassured_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  flags_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  sixty-five_MC  year-old_JB  Imam_NNSB1  Ahmed_NP  ,_,  King_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Yemen_NP  and_CC  self-proclaimed_JJ  Suzerain_NNSB1  of_IO  Aden_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  arrived_VBN  to_TO  undergo_VV0  treatment_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  clinic_NN  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Yemeni_JJ  embassy_NN  had_VHD  originally_RR  rented_VBN  merely_RR  an_AT1  entire_JB  hotel_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  monarch_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  suite_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  learnt_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  himself_PPX1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  for_IO  medical_JJ  attention_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  cleared_VBN  of_IO  other_DA  patients_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  additional_JJ  flags_NNS  were_VBDR  hung_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  caravan_NN  from_IO  Ciampino_NP  Airport_NNL1  created_VVD  a_AT1  certain_JJ  stir_NN  .  
  some_DD  twenty_MC  Cadillacs_NP2  disgorging_VBG  nearly_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  persons_NNS  gave_VVD  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  successful_JJ  fancy-dress_JB  party_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  progress_NN  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  been_VBN  helped_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  apartments_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  wizened_JJ  brown_JJ  tribesmen_NNS  ,_,  about_RR  five_MC  feet_NNS  tall_JJ  and_CC  clad_JJ  in_IO  bizarre_JJ  mauve_JJ  and_CC  orange_JJ  suitings_NNS  ,_,  emerged_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  vehicles_NNS  .  
  lastly_RR  thirty-seven_MC  muffled_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  swathed_VBN  in_IO  veils_NNS  and_CC  wrappings_NNS  and_CC  attended_VBN  by_IO  men_NNS  with_IO  scimitars_NNS  and_CC  muskets_NNS  ,_,  scuttled_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  hindmost_JJ  cars_NNS  and_CC  vanished_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  principal_JB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  suite_NN  were_VBDR  brothers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  .  
  two_MC  young_JJ  sons_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ruler_NN  and_CC  numerous_JJ  nephews_NNS  made_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  male_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  party_NN  .  
  the_AT1  female_JJ  side_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RG  extensive_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  headed_VBN  by_IO  three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Imam's_NNSB2  wives_NNS  ,_,  twenty-six_MC  representative_JJ  concubines_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  eight_MC  women_NNS  slaves_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Imam's_NNSB2  aides-de-camp_NNS  ,_,  senior_JJ  officers_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  personal_JJ  escort_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  bodyguard_NN  armed_VBN  with_IO  scimitars_NNS  ,_,  daggers_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  assortment_NN  of_IO  firearms_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  eunuchs_NNS  and_CC  male_JJ  slaves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  four_MC  European_JJ  doctors_NNS  who_PNQS practised_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Yemeni_JJ  court_NN  .  
  three_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  were_VBDR  described_VBN  as_IO  Italians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fourth_MD  as_CS  Franco-Rumanian_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  marked_JJ  reluctance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ruler's_NN1$  attendants_NNS  to_TO  establish_VV0  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  world_NN  ,_,  possibly_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  retain_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  extremities_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  syphilis_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  noteworthy_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  indisposition_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Yemen_NP  is_VBZ  lack_NN  of_IO  hands_NNS  or_CC  feet_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customary_JJ  to_TO  deprive_VV0  those_DD2  who_PNQS fall_VV0  under_IO  official_JJ  displeasure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complaints_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  suffering_VBG  were_VBDR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  ,_,  despite_IO  a_AT1  guarded_JJ  statement_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  martyr_NN  to_IO  arthritis_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  his_APP$  own_DA  physicians_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ruler_NN  was_VBDZ  visited_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  continual_JJ  stream_NN  of_IO  eminent_JJ  Rome_NP  specialists_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Gozzano_NP  ,_,  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  of_IO  neurology_NN  and_CC  psychiatry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Professor_NNSB1  Bietti_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  eye_NN  consultant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Imam's_NNSB2  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  was_VBDZ  heavily_RR  curtained_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS caught_VVD  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  beyond_II  could_VM  report_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  two_MC  sentries_NNS  armed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  teeth_NNS  and_CC  carrying_VBG  drawn_JJ  swords_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  parcels_NNS  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  newspaper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  odour_NN  of_IO  mutton_NN  fat_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  arrival_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  had_VHD  slept_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  pillows_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  procession_NN  of_IO  porters_NNS  removed_VVD  all_DB  beds_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  apartments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  mattresses_NNS  were_VBDR  distributed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  floors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  wives_NNS  ,_,  concubines_NNS  and_CC  slaves_NNS  quickly_RR  introduced_VVD  a_AT1  shift_NN  system_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  Imam's_NNSB2  every_AT1  want_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  possibly_RR  the_AT1  ruler's_NN1$  favourites_NNS  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  overtime_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  management_NN  was_VBDZ  wringing_VBG  its_APP$  hands_NNS  ;_;  its_APP$  catering_NN  system_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  gravely_RR  disorganized_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rows_NNS  of_IO  white-jacketed_JJ  waiters_NNS  were_VBDR  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  approach_VV0  either_LE  the_AT1  harem_NN  ladies_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  eight_MC  female_JJ  slaves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  wives_NNS  and_CC  five_MC  senior_JJ  concubines_NNS  took_VVD  their_APP$  meals_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  rooms_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  twenty-one_MC  ,_,  heavily_RR  disguised_VBN  with_IO  hoods_NNS  and_CC  yashmaks_NNS  ,_,  ate_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  restaurant_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  hung_VBN  with_IO  curtains_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  .  
  the_AT1  barefoot_JJ  slave-girls_NNS  shuffled_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  forth_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  press_NN  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  taking_VBG  notice_NN  .  
  relatively_RR  little_DA  interest_NN  attached_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  photographers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  illustrated_JJ  weeklies_NNS  were_VBDR  wild_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  concubines_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  tree_NN  in_IO  Frascati_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  contain_VV0  an_AT1  active_JJ  little_JJ  man_NN  from_IO  Catania_NP  or_CC  Palermo_NP  ,_,  armed_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  eighteen-inch_JB  telescopic_JJ  lens_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  near-mutiny_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  respective_JJ  kitchens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  clinic_NN  ,_,  where_CS local_JJ  experts_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  hovering_VBG  lovingly_RR  over_IO  Fettucine_&FW  Tuscolo_&FW  ,_,  Saltimbocca_&FW  alla_&FW  Romana_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  Cassata_&FW  alla_&FW  Siciliana_&FW  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  these_DD2  delicacies_NNS  were_VBDR  duly_RR  consumed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  distinguished_JJ  guests_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchens_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  suggestion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ruler's_NN1$  court_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  underfed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  mauve_JJ  and_CC  orange_JJ  suits_NNS  ,_,  tailored_VBN  no_AT1  doubt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  emporia_NNS  of_IO  Steamer_NP  Point_NNL1  ,_,  flitted_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  with_IO  newspaper-packets_NNS  of_IO  strange_JJ  vegetables_NNS  ,_,  larger_JJ  parcels_NNS  stained_VBN  with_IO  blood_NN  and_CC  apparently_RR  containing_VBG  lumps_NNS  of_IO  goat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  earthenware_NN  cooking-pots_NNS  .  
  other_DA  ingredients_NNS  were_VBDR  carried_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  austere_JJ  hall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  in_IO  large_JJ  baskets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  corridor_NN  two_MC  negro_NN  slaves_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  constructing_VBG  a_AT1  spit_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  bonfire_NN  of_IO  dry_JJ  twigs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  about_RR  this_DD1  stage_NN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  photographers_NNS  fell_VVD  foul_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  bodyguard_NN  ,_,  while_CS  insinuating_VBG  themselves_PPX2  into_IO  favourable_JJ  positions_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  exclusive_JJ  shots_NNS  of_IO  harem_NN  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  photographers_NNS  apparently_RR  came_VVD  off_RP  worst_RBT  in_IO  the_AT1  encounters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  retired_VVD  complaining_VBG  of_IO  blows_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  flats_NNS  of_IO  swords_NNS  and_CC  damage_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  cameras_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  left_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  for_IO  police_NNS  headquarters_NN  ,_,  to_TO  bring_VV0  charges_NNS  of_IO  assault_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  odd_JJ  rumours_NNS  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  in_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  Imam's_NNSB2  capital_NN  at_IO  Taiz_NP  .  
  no_RR  sooner_RRR  had_VHD  the_AT1  ailing_JJ  monarch_NN  departed_VBN  for_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  learnt_VBN  ,_,  than_CS  would-be_JB  modernizers_NNS  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  loosen_VV0  the_AT1  bonds_NNS  of_IO  theocratic_JJ  absolutism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Crown_NNSB1  Prince_NNSB1  Mohammed_NP  al-Badr_NP  was_VBDZ  bandied_VBN  about_RP  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_RR  clear_JJ  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  active_JJ  modernizer_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN    reform_NC2    in_IO  the_AT1  Yemen_NP  is_VBZ  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  equated_VBN  with_IO    revolution_NN    .  
  messengers_NNS  were_VBDR  moving_VBG  unobtrusively_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  jet-black_JJ  mountain_NN  ranges_NNS  ,_,  bearing_VBG  confidential_JJ  tidings_NNS  from_IO  sheikhdom_NN  to_IO  sheikhdom_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  exultant_JJ  enemies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ruler_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unlikely_JJ  ever_RR  to_TO  set_VV0  foot_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  kingdom_NN  again_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  reckoned_VBN  insufficiently_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  therapeutic_JJ  qualities_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  stay_NN  in_IO  Frascati_NP  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  but_CCB  bracing_JJ  trip_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  seaside_NN  west_NN1  of_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ruler_NN  pronounced_VVD  himself_PPX1  fighting_RR  fit_JJ  .  
  leaving_VBG  behind_IO  trusted_JJ  agents_NNS  to_TO  contest_VV0  the_AT1  naturally_RR  considerable_JJ  bills_NNS  and_CC  fight_VV0  any_DD  possible_JJ  lawsuits_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Imam_NNSB1  drove_VVD  to_IO  Rome_NP  airport_NN  .  
  embarking_VBG  his_APP$  wives_NNS  ,_,  slaves_NNS  ,_,  viziers_NNS  ,_,  eunuchs_NNS  ,_,  aides-de-camp_NNS  and_CC  concubines_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  airliners_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  descended_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  thunderbolt_NN  on_IO  Arabia_NP  Felix_NP  .  he_PPHO1  might_VM  receive_VV0  another_DD1  lecture_NN  at_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  third_MD  one_MC1  at_IO  2_MC  \0a.m_RR  and_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  fourth_MD  later_RRR  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  in_IO  class_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  objected_VVD  to_IO  some_DD  statement_NN  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  serious_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  justify_VV0  this_DD1  action_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  entire_JB  class_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  until_CS  he_PPHO1  abandoned_VVD  his_APP$  objection_NN  .  
  next_DA  day_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  apologize_VV0  both_DB2  to_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  instructor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  days_NNS  afterwards_RR  to_TO  repeat_VV0  his_APP$  self-criticism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  class_NN  ,_,  ordered_VBN  to_TO  criticize_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  obeyed_VVD  :_:  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  criticize_VV0  his_APP$  classmates_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  methods_NNS  of_IO  deliberately_RR  causing_VBG  chaos_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  group's_NN1$  relations_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Edgar_NP  \0H_NP  Schein's_PPIO2  article_NN    the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  indoctrination_NN  process_NN  for_IO  prisoners_NNS  of_IO  war_NN    gives_VBZ  a_AT1  generalized_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  soldier_NN  from_IO  capture_NN  to_IO  repatriation_NN  .  
  cruelty_NN  deliberately_RR  imposed_VBN  on_IO  civilians_NNS  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  far_RR  less_RG  severe_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  soldiers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  camp_NN  ,_,  prisoners_NNS  were_VBDR  segregated_VBN  by_IO  race_NN  ,_,  nationality_NN  and_CC  rank_NN  .  
  no_AT1  formal_JJ  organization_NN  was_VBDZ  permitted_VBN  :_:  some_DD  squad-leaders_NNS  were_VBDR  appointed_VBN  without_IO  consideration_NN  of_IO  rank_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  method_NN  of_IO    getting_VBG  at_IO    the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  young_JJ  or_CC  inept_JJ  prisoners_NNS  were_VBDR  put_VBN  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  squads_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  remind_VV0  everyone_PN1  that_CS  former_DA  bases_NNS  of_IO  organization_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  destroyed_VBN  .  
  all_DB  friendships_NNS  ,_,  emotional_JJ  bonds_NNS  and_CC  group_NN  activities_NNS  were_VBDR  persistently_RR  undermined_VBN  :_:  all_DB  forms_NNS  of_IO  religious_JJ  expression_NN  prohibited_VBN  .  
  chaplains_NNS  or_CC  others_DA2  who_PNQS tried_VVD  to_TO  organize_VV0  or_CC  conduct_VV0  religious_JJ  services_NNS  were_VBDR  ruthlessly_RR  persecuted_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  used_VVD  drugs_NNS  or_CC  hypnotic_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  offered_VVD  sexual_JJ  objects_NNS  to_TO  elicit_VV0  information_NN  ,_,  confessions_NNS  or_CC  collaboration_NN  .  
  some_DD  cases_NNS  of_IO  severe_JJ  physical_JJ  torture_NN  were_VBDR  reported_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  incidence_NN  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  estimate_VV0  .  
  Schein's_PPIO2  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  judicious_JJ  :_:    those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  attempting_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0    brainwashing_NN    must_VM  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  objectively_RR  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  be_VB0  carried_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  hysteria_NN  when_CS another_DD1  country_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  ideology_NN  and_CC  with_IO  different_JJ  ultimate_JJ  ends_NNS  succeeds_VBZ  in_IO  eliciting_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  Americans_NP2  behaviour_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  consonant_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  ideology_NN  .    
  in_IO  November_NN1  1956_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  American_JJ  group_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  advancement_NN  of_IO  psychiatry_NN  met_VVD    to_TO  clarify_VV0  the_AT1  differences_NNS  between_IO  Orwell's_PPIO2  fantastic_JJ  account_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  real_JJ  processes_NNS  actually_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  authentic_JJ  cases_NNS    .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Lifton_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    brain-washing_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  purpose_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  means_VBZ  anything_PN1  specific_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .    
  among_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  people_NNS  he_PPHO1  interviewed_VVD  in_IO  Korea_NP  and_CC  Hong_NP  Kong_NP  no_PN1  one_PN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  ever_RR  used_VVD  the_AT1  term_NN  ,_,  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  heard_VBN  it_PPH1  from_IO  a_AT1  western_JJ  source_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  szuhsiang-kai-tsao_&FW  ,_,  translated_VBN  as_IO    ideological_JJ  remoulding_NN    ,_,    ideological_JJ  reform_NN    or_CC    thought_NN  reform_NN    ,_,  is_VBZ  very_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  reality_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  stages_NNS  of_IO    thought_NN  reform_NN    :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1    great_JJ  togetherness_NN    .  
  the_AT1  individual_JJ  soldier_NN  was_VBDZ  helped_VBN  to_TO  identify_VV0  himself_PPX1  with_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  astonishment_NN  the_AT1  newcomer_NN  was_VBDZ  often_RR  welcomed_VBN  warmly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  proffered_JJ  handshakes_NNS  and_CC  cigarettes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  aim_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  climate_NN  of_IO  esprit_NN  de_&FW  corps_NN  and_CC  optimism_NN  .  
  to_TO    mobilize_VV0    his_APP$  thought_NN  ,_,  lectures_NNS  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  discussions_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  given_VBN  .  
  (_(  since_CS  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  lasted_VVD  from_IO  two_MC  to_IO  six_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  non-Chinese_JJ  university_NN  teacher_NN  ,_,  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  fifty_MC  minutes'_NN2  limit_NN  ,_,  may_VM  wonder_VV0  how_CS much_DA  the_AT1  average_JJ  listener_NN  absorbed_VVD  .  
  sheer_JB  fatigue_NN  might_VM  increase_VV0  suggestibility_NN  .  )_)  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  much_DA  repetition_NN  .  
  only_RR  about_RR  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  army_NN  captives_NNS  had_VHD  received_VBN  any_DD  college_NN  education_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  aim_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  formation_NN  and_CC  examination_NN  of_IO  concepts_NNS  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  coercive_JJ  manipulations_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  thinking_NN  were_VBDR  morally_RR  uplifting_JJ  and_CC  mentally_RR  harmonizing_JJ  experiences_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  closing-in_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  milieu_NN  (_(  particularly_RR  the_AT1  mental_JJ  milieu_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  intellectual_JJ  processes_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  worked_VBN  upon_IO  ;_;  now_RL  comes_VBZ  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  study_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  the_AT1  learner_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  communist_JJ  doctrine_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  increasingly_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  chief_JB  activities_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  criticism_NN    of_IO  others_DA2  and_CC  of_IO  himself_PPX1    and_CC    confessions_NNS    :_:  
    not_XX  only_RR  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  underlying_JJ  motivations_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  carefully_RR  scrutinized_VBN  .  
  failure_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1    correct_JJ      materialistic_JJ    viewpoint_NN  ,_,    proletarian_JJ  standpoint_NN    and_CC    dialectical_JJ  methodology_NN    is_VBZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  causes_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  deficiency_NN  carefully_RR  analysed_VBN  .    
  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  students_NNS  are_VBR  infected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  compulsion_NN  to_TO  confess_VV0  ,_,    vie_VV0  to_TO  outdo_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  frankness_NN  ,_,  completeness_NN  and_CC  luridness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  individual_JJ  confessions_NNS    .  
  an_AT1  advisory_JJ  cadre_NN  helps_VBZ  the_AT1  emotionally-disturbed_JB  student_NN  ,_,  by_IO  talking_VBG  over_RP  his_APP$    thought_NN  problems_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  diagnosis_NN  of_IO  bodily_JJ  troubles_NNS  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0    reform-oriented_JJ    and_CC    psychosomatically_RR  sophisticated_JJ    ;_;  
    you_PPY  will_VM  feel_VV0  better_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  solved_VBN  your_APP$  problems_NNS  and_CC  completed_VBN  your_APP$  reform_NN  .    
  and_CC  most_DA  students_NNS  would_VM  need_VV0  relief_NN  from_IO  inner_JB  tension_NN  and_CC  conflict_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
    submission_NN  and_CC  rebirth_NN    .  
  group_NN  discussion_NN  produces_VBZ  a_AT1  thought-summary_NN  or_CC  final_JJ  confession_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  life-history_NN  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  reform_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  confessor's_NN1$  class_NN  origin_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  always_RR  the_AT1  father_NN  is_VBZ  denounced_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  as_IO  a_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exploiting_JJ  classes_NNS  and_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  fair-mindedness_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  psychiatrist_NN  ,_,  Lifton_NP  comments_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  milieu-manipulations_NNS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  do_VD0  well_RR  to_TO  retain_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  humility_NN  and_CC  to_TO  keep_VV0  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  of_IO  imposing_VBG  our_APP$  own_DA  values_NNS  and_CC  prejudices_NNS  too_RG  forcibly_RR  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  America_NP  ,_,  assertions_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  made_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  psychiatrist's_NN1$  aim_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  patient's_NN1$  social_JJ  adjustment_NN  ;_;  even_RR  sometimes_RR  that_CS  non-adjusters_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  by_IO  tests_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  neurotic_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  worse_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  report_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rockefeller_NP  brothers'_NN2  fund_NN  (_(  news_NN  chronicle_NN  ,_,  June_NN1  25_MC  ,_,  1958_MC  )_)  arraigns_VBZ    the_AT1  public_JJ  lassitude_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  accepted_VBN  without_IO  question_NN  an_AT1  educational_JJ  system_NN  dedicated_VBN  mainly_RR  to_IO  turning_VBG  out_RP  good_JJ  little_JJ  conformist_JJ  Americans_NP2  who_PNQS ,_,  as_CS  Stringfellow_NP  Barr_NP  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  graduated_VBN  from_IO  college_NN  (_(  famous_JJ  institutions_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  unfamiliar_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  stock-in-trade_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  culture_NN    .  
  the_AT1  report_NN  warns_VBZ  of_IO    the_AT1  dangers_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  conformity_NN    and_CC  calls_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  more_RG  creative_JJ  individuals_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  that_CS  an_AT1  important_JJ  aim_NN  of_IO  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  mind_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  stir_VV0  up_RP  guilt_NN  and_CC  shame_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  prepare_VV0  a_AT1  formal_JJ  confession_NN  .  
  guilt-anxiety_NN  ,_,  says_VBZ  Lifton_NP  ,_,  consists_VBZ  of_IO  feelings_NNS  of_IO  evil_NN  and_CC  sinfulness_NN  with_IO  expectation_NN  of_IO  punishment_NN  :_:  of_IO  shame-anxiety_NN  ,_,  feelings_NNS  of_IO  humiliation_NN  and_CC  failure_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  one's_$  peers_NNS  or_CC  of_IO  one's_$  internalized_JJ  ego-ideal_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  expectation_NN  of_IO  abandonment_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  too_RR  might_VM  profitably_RR  examine_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  concepts_NNS  of_IO  guilt_NN  and_CC  shame_NN  .  
  examples_NNS  come_VV0  readily_RR  to_IO  mind_NN  .  
  diminution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  clothing_NN  worn_VBN  by_IO  both_DB2  sexes_NNS  in_IO  sports_NNS  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  shame_NN  which_DDQ  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN    normal_JJ    .  
  since_IO  Hiroshima_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Nuremberg_NP  trials_NNS  ,_,    war-guilt_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  about_IO  1922_MC  weighed_VVD  down_RP  many_DA  Germans_NP2  too_RG  young_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  fought_VBN  in_IO  world_NN  war_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  has_VHZ  now_RL  become_VBN  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  cynical_JJ  jokes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  connection_NN  Lifton_NP  discusses_VBZ  the_AT1  relation_NN  between_IO  language_NN  theory_NN  and_CC  behaviour_NN  .  
  terms_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO    thought_NN  reform_NN    are_VBR  morally_RR  charged_VBN    either_LE  very_RG  good_JJ  or_CC  very_RG  bad_JJ    and_CC  take_VV0  on_RP  a_AT1  mystic_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  to_IO  psychologists_NNS  attracted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO    patterns_NNS  of_IO  culture_NN    the_AT1  above_JB  account_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  reform_NN  is_VBZ  impressive_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  all_DB  social_JJ  orders_NNS  its_APP$  elements_NNS  are_VBR  present_JJ  in_IO  varying_JJ  degrees_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Edgar_NP  \0H_NP  Schein_NP  spoke_VVD  on_IO    patterns_NNS  of_IO  reactions_NNS  to_IO  severe_JJ  chronic_JJ  stress_NN  in_IO  American_JJ  army_NN  prisoners_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2    .  
  he_PPHO1  selected_VVD  observations_NNS  throwing_VBG  light_NN  on_IO  collaboration_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  enemy_NN  .  
  typical_JJ  experiences_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  army_NN  prisoner_NN  of_IO  war_NN  were_VBDR  :_:  
    the_AT1  first_MD  phase_NN  ,_,  lasting_VBG  one_MC1  to_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  capture_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  exhausting_JJ  march_NN  to_IO  North_NP  Korea_NP  ,_,  and_CC  severe_JJ  privation_NN  in_IO  inadequately_RR  equipped_JJ  temporary_JJ  camps_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  was_VBDZ  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  camp_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  pressures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  phase_NN  ,_,  chronic_JJ    persuasion_NN    was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  collaborate_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  exchange_VV0  existing_JJ  group_NN  loyalties_NNS  for_IO  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
    the_AT1  men_NNS  reacted_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  for_IO  these_DD2  experiences_NNS  of_IO  capture_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  inadequately_RR  prepared_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  physically_RR  and_CC  mentally_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  clearly_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  enemy_NN  up_RP  against_IO  them_PPHO1  or_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  fighting_VBG  for_IO  .  
  expecting_VBG  death_NN  ,_,  torture_NN  or_CC  non-patriation_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  completely_RR  by_IO  surprise_NN  and_CC  felt_VVD  that_CS  inadequate_JJ  leadership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  command_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  blame_VV0  .  
  understandably_RR  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  was_VBDZ  inclined_VBN  to_TO  listen_VV0  without_IO  much_DA  scepticism_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ    explanation_NN    that_CS  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  \0UN_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  aggressor_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  entered_VBN  the_AT1  war_NN  illegally_RR  ,_,  all_DB  \0UN_NP  military_JJ  personnel_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  fact_NN  criminals_NNS  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  summarily_RR  shot_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  considered_VVD  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  student_NN  ,_,  capable_JJ  of_IO  learning_VBG  the_AT1    truth_NN    .  
  yet_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  co-operate_VV0  he_PPHO1  could_VM  just_RR  be_VB0  reverted_VBN  to_IO  war-criminal_NN  status_NN  and_CC  shot_VBN  .  
  so_RR  a_AT1  chronic_JJ  cycle_NN  of_IO  fear-relief-new-fear_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  in_IO  motion_NN  .  
    the_AT1  one-two_MC-MC  week_NN  marches_NNS  caused_VVD  increasing_JJ  apathy_NN  ,_,  facilitating_VBG  systematical_JJ  destruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  formal_JJ  and_CC  informal_JJ  group-structure_NN  .  
  knowing_VBG  that_CS  his_APP$  own_DA  ranks_NNS  contained_VVD  spies_NNS  and_CC  actual_JJ  or_CC  potential_JJ  informers_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  might_VM  eventually_RR  feel_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  trust_VV0  nobody_PN1  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Schein_NP  considers_VBZ  that_CS  very_RG  few_DA  actual_JJ  conversions_NNS  to_IO  communism_NN  occurred_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  success_NN  in_IO  producing_VBG  collaboration_NN  was_VBDZ  greater_JJ  .  
  some_DD  collaborators_NNS  perhaps_RR  believed_VVD    subsequent_JJ  affirmation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  belief_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  rationalization_NN    that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  infiltrating_VBG  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  ranks_NNS  and_CC  obtaining_VBG  information_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  released_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  \0US_NP  army_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  and_CC  valuable_JJ  to_TO  compare_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  accounts_NNS  of_IO  army_NN  prisoners-of-war_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  report_NN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Louis_NP  West_NP  on_IO  prisoners_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  \0US_NP  air_NN  force_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  even_RR  less_RRR  prepared_VBN  for_IO  captivity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  literal_JJ  descent_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  heavens_NNS  into_IO  enemy_NN  hands_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  unusual_JJ  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  shock_NN  and_CC  astonishment_NN  .  
  often_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  injured_VBN  before_IO  capture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  considered_VVD  these_DD2  as_IO  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  handled_VBN  in_IO  ways_NNS  differing_VBG  from_IO  those_DD2  regarded_VBN  as_CS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  soldiers_NNS  ;_;  \0e.g_RR  after_IO  February_NN1  21_MC  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  responsibility_NN  for_IO  germ_NN  warfare_NN  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  airmen_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  force_NN    returnees_NNS    ,_,  53_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  had_VHD  received_VBN  some_DD  college_NN  education_NN  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  army_NN  captives_NNS  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  employed_VBN  produced_VVD    debility_NN  ,_,  despondency_NN  and_CC  dread_NN    .  
  but_CCB  many_DA  airmen_NNS  tried_VVD  to_TO  incorporate_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$    confessions_NNS    implausible_JJ  material_NN  :_:  details_NNS  of_IO  weapons_NNS  ,_,  speeds_NNS  ,_,  altitudes_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  interrogator_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  ignorance_NN  of_IO  technicalities_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  estimated_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  detect_VV0  but_CCB  which_DDQ  ,_,  to_IO  any_DD  informed_JJ  person_NN  ,_,  would_VM  appear_VV0  palpably_RR  false_JJ  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  are_VBR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  speak_VV0  of_IO  all_DB    public_JJ  relations_NNS    as_IO  ballyhoo_NN  or_CC  propaganda_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  overlooking_VBG  the_AT1  early_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  word_NN  ;_;  even_RR  the_AT1  significance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  initial_NN  in_IO    \0S.P.G._NC2  .    
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  invited_VBN  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  that_CS  when_CS a_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$    confession_NN    ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  his_APP$  letter_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  contained_VVD    commies_NC2    ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    suggested_VBN    that_CS    Chinese_JJ  people's_NN1$  volunteers_NNS    should_VM  be_VB0  substituted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  address_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  prisoner's_NN1$  relatives_NNS  could_VM  send_VV0  letters_NNS  was_VBDZ    \0c/o_RR  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  people's_NN1$  committee_NN  for_IO  world_NN  peace_NN    .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Lawrence_NP  \0E_NP  Hinkle_NP  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  symposium_NN  ,_,  suggests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  extensive_JJ  study_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  conclusions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  :_:  
    the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  and_CC  satellite_NN  state-police_NNS  are_VBR  derived_VBN  from_IO  age-old_JJ  police_NNS  methods_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Czarist_JJ  okhrana_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  its_APP$  sister_NN  organizations_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  communist_JJ  techniques_NNS  ,_,  when_CS their_APP$  background_NN  is_VBZ  studied_VBN  ,_,  remain_VV0  police_NNS  methods_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  dependent_JJ  on_IO  drugs_NNS  ,_,  hypnotism_NN  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  special_JJ  procedure_NN  designed_VBN  by_IO  scientists_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  scientist_NN  took_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  design_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  do_VD0  scientists_NNS  participate_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  operation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  goal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0KGB_NP    the_AT1  present_JJ  designation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  state_NN  police_NNS    is_VBZ  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  protocol_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  so-called_JB    trial_NN    may_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  have_VH0  an_AT1  additional_JJ  goal_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  long-lasting_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  basic_JJ  attitudes_NNS  and_CC  behaviour_NN  .    
  how_CS could_VM  a_AT1  prisoner-of-war_NN  resist_VV0  such_DA  pressures_NNS  .  
  Hinkle_NP  offers_VBZ  the_AT1  following_JJ  hints_NNS  .  
  since_CS  an_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  of_IO  indoctrination_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pupil's_NN1$  belief_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  captor's_NN1$  control_NN  is_VBZ  omnipotent_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  should_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  secret_JJ  private_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  psychological_JJ  superiority_NN  .  
  inside_IO  his_APP$  group_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  should_VM  develop_VV0  communication_NN  methods_NNS  excluding_VBG  the_AT1  captors_NNS  and_CC  demonstrating_VBG  their_APP$  fallibility_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  by_IO  using_VBG  code_NN  words_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  complimentary_JJ    only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  guards_NNS  ;_;  by_IO  teaching_VBG  them_PPHO1  western_JJ  games_NNS    with_IO  absurd_JJ  twists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  and_CC  methods_NNS  of_IO  play_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  inventing_VBG  petty_JJ  annoyances_NNS  to_IO  guards_NNS  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  inflict_VV0  physical_JJ  punishment_NN  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  fair_JJ  comment_NN  that_CS  for_IO  complete_JJ  success_NN  this_DD1  assumes_VBZ  high_JJ  intelligence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  and_CC  obliging_JJ  dimness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  guard_NN  .  )_)  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  expounding_VBG  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  he_PPHO1  explains_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  first_MD  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  celestial_JJ  bed_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Philadelphia_NP  he_PPHO1    speedily_RR  insulated_VVD  a_AT1  common_JJ  bedstead_NN  and_CC  filled_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  copious_JJ  streams_NNS  of_IO  electrical_JJ  fire_NN  conveyed_VBN  by_IO  metal_NN  rods_NNS  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  glass_NN  tubes_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  partition_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  adjacent_JJ  room_NN  where_CS the_AT1  great_JJ  globes_NNS  were_VBDR  wrought_VBN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  recommended_VVD  the_AT1  trial_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  then_RL  whimsical_JJ  bed_NN  ,_,  to_IO  several_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  medical_JJ  ,_,  philosophical_JJ  and_CC  gay_JJ  friends_NNS  .  .    
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  that_CS  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  them_PPHO1  at_IO  ease_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_DA  few_DA  drinks_NNS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  ask_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  their_APP$  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  delightedly_RR  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  that_CS    they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  not_XX  as_CS  other_DA  men_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  moment_NN    no_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  comparatively_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  hour_NN  .    
  Graham's_PPIO2  audience_NN  obviously_RR  wanted_VVD  information_NN  on_IO  aphrodisiacs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dead_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  Spanish_JJ  fly_NN  preparations_NNS  .  
  cantharides_NNS  poisoning_NN  obviously_RR  occurred_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  century_NN  .  
  Graham's_PPIO2  advice_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  was_VBDZ  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  if_CS  rather_RR  crude_JJ  .  
  modern_JJ  psychiatrists_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Kinsey_NP  ,_,  talk_VV0  of_IO  voyeurism_NN  .  
  this_DD1  term_NN  merely_RR  means_VBZ  that_CS  sexual_JJ  stimulation_NN  can_VM  occur_VV0  quite_RR  frequently_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  visual_JJ  stimulation_NN  .  
  Graham_NP  recounts_VBZ  the_AT1  tale_NN  of_IO  how_CS a_AT1  hairdresser_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS found_VVD  himself_PPX1  impotent_JJ  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  filled_VBN  with_IO  sexual_JJ  desire_NN  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dressing_VBG  a_AT1  particularly_RR  lovely_JJ  woman's_NN1$  hair_NN  .  
  imprudently_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  downed_VVD  tools_NNS  and_CC  ran_VVD  home_NN1  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  happy_JJ  .  
  such_DA  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  voyeurism_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  .  
  another_DD1  Graham_NP  anecdote_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  is_VBZ  about_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  debauched_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS still_RR  desired_VVD  masculine_JJ  attention_NN  but_CCB  who_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  arouse_VV0  a_AT1  lover's_NN1$  interest_NN  .  
  her_APP$  cure_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  young_JJ  woman_NN  to_IO  bed_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  lover's_NN1$  ardour_NN  flagged_VVD  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mistress's_NN1$  companion_NN  was_VBDZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  restore_VV0  the_AT1  status_&FW  quo_&FW  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  about_RR  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  Graham_NP  goes_VBZ  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  obscenity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  standing_VBG  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  were_VBDR  good_JJ  sound_JJ  stuff_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  keen_JJ  on_IO  washing_VBG  the_AT1  body_NN  frequently_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  particularly_RR  popular_JJ  habit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  century_NN  .  
  Graham_NP  states_VBZ  ,_,  rather_RR  poetically_RR  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO    tune_VV0  body_NN  and_CC  mind_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  cordial_JJ  and_CC  perfect_JJ  enjoyment_NN  of_IO  prolific_JJ  love_NN  .    
  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  lovers_NNS  should_VM  possess_VV0    the_AT1  sweetest_JJT  ,_,  freshest_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  personal_JJ  cleanliness_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  distant_JJ  toe_NN    at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  and_CC  under_IO  every_AT1  circumstance_NN  .    
  Graham_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  very_RG  much_RR  against_IO  double_JJ  beds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  stated_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ    nothing_PN1  more_RG  unnatural_JJ  ,_,  nothing_PN1  more_RG  indecent_JJ  ,_,  than_CS  man_NN  and_CC  wife_NN  continually_RR  pigging_VBG  together_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  bed_NN  .  and_CC  to_TO  sleep_VV0  and_CC  snore_VV0  and_CC  steam_VV0  and_CC  do_VD0  everything_PN1  else_RR  indelicate_JJ  together_RR  365_MC  times_NNS  every_AT1  year_NN  !_!    
  sleeping_VBG  in_IO  double_JJ  beds_NNS  was_VBDZ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  Graham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO    matrimonial_JJ  whoredom_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  great_JJ  advocate_NN  of_IO  fresh_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  pretty_RR  startling_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  sea_NN  voyages_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  active_JJ  and_CC  useful_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  exercise_NN  daily_RR  in_IO  free_JJ  open_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  all_DB  recommended_VBN  as_IO  adjuncts_NNS  to_IO  good_JJ  health_NN  .  
  his_APP$  attitude_NN  towards_IO  alcohol_NN  was_VBDZ  dogmatic_JJ  .  
  particularly_RR  he_PPHO1  refers_VBZ  to_IO    that_DD1  poisonous_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  sloes_NNS  ,_,  tartar_NN  ,_,  logwood_NN  ,_,  watery_JJ  cider_NN  and_CC  brandy_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  called_VBN  port_NN  wine_NN  .    
  Graham_NP  realised_VVD  ,_,  nearly_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  that_CS  alcohol_NN  diminished_VVD  physical_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  important_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  audience_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  sexual_JJ  performance_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  Graham's_PPIO2  ideas_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  sow_VV0  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  of_IO  Victorianism_NN1  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  sex_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  masturbation_NN  and_CC  fornication_NN  he_PPHO1  abhorred_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  speak_VV0  plainly_RR  ,_,  gentlemen_NNS  ,_,  every_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  self-pollution_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  repetition_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  venery_NN  ,_,  with_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  loveliest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  sex_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  appalled_JJ  and_CC  exhausted_JJ  nature_NN  is_VBZ  whipped_VBN  and_CC  spurred_VBN  by_IO  lust_NN  .  is_VBZ  an_AT1  earthquake_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  blast_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  deadly_JJ  paralytic_JJ  stroke_NN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  faculties_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  soul_NN  and_CC  body_NN  .  
  blasting_VBG  beauty_NN  ,_,  chilling_VBG  ,_,  contracting_VBG  and_CC  enfeebling_VBG  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  mind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  memory_NN  !_!    
  and_CC  yet_RR  in_IO  other_DA  ways_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_RR  up-to-date_JJ  .  
  writing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  encouragement_NN  of_IO  matrimony_NN  he_PPHO1  advocated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO    suppress_VV0  all_DB  public_JJ  prostitution_NN  ,_,    as_CS  it_PPH1    destroys_VBZ  the_AT1  vigour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  genital_JJ  parts_NNS  ,_,  necessity_NN  tempting_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  too_RG  frequent_JJ  acts_NNS  of_IO  venery_NN  .    
  some_DD  180_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  an_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  finally_RR  drove_VVD  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  prostitutes_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  of_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  another_DD1  of_IO  Graham's_PPIO2  ideas_NNS  for_IO  encouraging_VBG  matrimony_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO    give_VV0  certain_JJ  rewards_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  and_CC  middling_JJ  class_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  tax_VV0  those_DD2  proportionate_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  circumstances_NNS  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  marry_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  advised_VVD  that_CS  parents_NNS  should_VM    receive_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  premium_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  child_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  thus_RR  foresaw_VVD  modern_JJ  income_NN  tax_NN  laws_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  insurance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  social_JJ  security_NN  system_NN  operating_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  advocated_VVD  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  hereditary_JJ  diseases_NNS  by_IO  practical_JJ  eugenics_NN  .  
    persons_NNS  of_IO  certain_JJ  descriptions_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  constitutions_NNS  are_VBR  infected_VBN  with_IO  inherent_JJ  diseases_NNS  ,_,  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  marry_VV0  .  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  tied_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  old_JJ  women_NNS  .  that_PNQS are_VBR  past_IO  child-bearing_NN  .    
  public_JJ  opinion_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  really_RR  supported_VBN  ideas_NNS  along_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  28_MC  states_NNS  in_IO  America_NP  have_VH0  laws_NNS  that_PNQS permit_VV0  or_CC  direct_VV0  sterilisation_NN  for_IO  various_JJ  causes_NNS  .  
  since_CS  these_DD2  laws_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  enforced_VBN  ,_,  over_RR  27,000_MC  people_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  sterilised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  the_AT1  year_NN  1783_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  turning_NN  point_NN  in_IO  Graham's_PPIO2  career_NN  .  
  until_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  touched_VVD  had_VHD  gone_VBN  right_RR  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Pall_NP  Mall_NP  establishment_NN  was_VBDZ  losing_VBG  money_NN  .  
  Graham_NP  attempted_VVD  to_TO  increase_VV0  his_APP$  profits_NNS  by_IO  lowering_VBG  prices_NNS  ,_,  always_RR  a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  practice_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  quack_NN  .  
  eventually_RR  creditors_NNS  pressed_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  temple_NN  was_VBDZ  closed_VBN  ,_,  its_APP$  treasures_NNS  ,_,  electrical_JJ  machines_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  celestial_JJ  bed_NN  being_VBG  sold_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  pay_VV0  bad_JJ  debts_NNS  .  
  Graham_NP  returned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  land_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  in_IO  trouble_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  magistrates_NNS  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  for_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  lecture_NN    deemed_VBN  improper_JJ  for_IO  public_JJ  discussions_NNS  .    
  apparently_RR  Scottish_JJ  public_JJ  opinion_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  as_RG  broadminded_JJ  as_IO  its_APP$  English_JJ  counterpart_NN  for_CS  Graham_NP  repeatedly_RR  fell_VVD  foul_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  even_RR  imprisoned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tollbooth_NN  for_IO    his_APP$  late_JJ  injurious_JJ  publications_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  city_NN  .    
  during_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1784_MC  and_CC  1785_MC  ,_,  Graham_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  some_DD  ideas_NNS  of_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  regular_JJ  physician_NN  for_CS  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  lectures_NNS  in_IO  chemistry_NN  ,_,  anatomy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  practice_NN  and_CC  theory_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  and_CC  materia_&FW  medica_&FW  at_IO  Edinburgh_NP  University_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  qualified_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  signs_NNS  that_CS  his_APP$  former_DA  eccentricities_NNS  were_VBDR  leading_VBG  him_PPHO1  along_IO  a_AT1  path_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  end_VV0  in_IO  insanity_NN  .  
  in_IO  1788_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  Whitehaven_NP  to_IO  Edinburgh_NP  ,_,    in_IO  the_AT1  custody_NN  of_IO  two_MC  constables_NNS  as_CS  this_DD1  unfortunate_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  ,_,  for_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  past_RP  ,_,  discovered_VBN  such_DA  marks_NNS  of_IO  insanity_NN  as_CS  made_VVD  it_PPH1  advisable_JJ  to_TO  remove_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Graham_NP  had_VHD  for_IO  some_DD  years_NNS  been_VBN  devoting_VBG  more_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  obsessional_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  religious_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  his_APP$  pamphlets_NNS  and_CC  tracts_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  demonstrate_VV0  characteristics_NNS  suggestive_JJ  of_IO  schizophrenia_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  put_VBN  forward_RR  that_CS  Graham_NP  became_VVD  a_AT1  drug_NN  addict_NN  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strong_JJ  ideas_NNS  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  held_VVD  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  drugs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  good_JJ  evidence_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  writing_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  practised_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  preached_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  dying_NN  day_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  unlikely_JJ  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  precise_JJ  diagnosis_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  Graham_NP  suffered_VVD  from_IO  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  mental_JJ  derangement_NN  which_DDQ  steadily_RR  and_CC  progressively_RR  dominated_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  relatively_RR  lucid_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  during_IO  his_APP$  more_RG  sensible_JJ  periods_NNS  James_NP  was_VBDZ  up_RP  to_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  old_JJ  tricks_NNS  again_RR  .  
  before_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  London_NP  ,_,  after_CS  the_AT1  temple_NN  of_IO  health_NN  closed_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  introduced_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  craze_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  in_IO  Panton_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  Haymarket_NP  .  
  Henry_NP  Angelo's_PPIO2  description_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  while_NN  quoting_VBG  in_RR  full_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  evening_NN  lectures_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  benefits_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  earth-bathing_NN  (_(  as_CS  Graham_NP  called_VVD  it_PPH1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  crowded_JJ  audience_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  ladies_NNS  were_VBDR  there_RL  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  delicate_JJ  lectures_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  earth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pit_NN  where_CS a_AT1  stool_NN  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  :_:  we_PPIS2  waited_VVD  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  when_CS much_DA  impatience_NN  was_VBDZ  manifested_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  repeated_JJ  calls_NNS  of_IO      doctor_NN  ,_,  doctor_NN  !_!    he_PPHO1  actually_RR  made_VVD  his_APP$  appearance_NN    en_&FW  chemise_&FW  .    
  after_IO  making_VBG  his_APP$  bow_NN  he_PPHO1  seated_VVD  himself_PPX1  on_IO  the_AT1  stool_NN  .  
  then_RL  two_MC  men_NNS  with_IO  shovels_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  place_VV0  the_AT1  mould_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cavity_NN  :_:  as_CS  it_PPH1  approached_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  pit_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  stomach_NN  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  lifting_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  shirt_NN  and_CC  at_RR  last_RR  took_VVD  it_PPH1  entirely_RR  off_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  earth_NN  being_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  chin_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  doctor_NN  being_VBG  left_VBN  in_IO  puris_&FW  naturalibus_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  began_VVD  his_APP$  lecture_NN  ,_,  expatiating_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  excellent_JJ  qualities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  bath_NN  ,_,  how_CS invigorating_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  quite_RR  enough_DD  to_TO  call_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  chaste_JJ  blushes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  modest_JJ  ladies_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  men_NNS  felt_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  chastity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  female_JJ  audience_NN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  had_VHN  quite_RR  enough_DD  of_IO  this_DD1  imposing_JJ  information_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  lasted_VVD  above_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  either_LE  the_AT1  hearers_NNS  got_VVD  tired_JJ  or_CC  some_DD  wished_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  merry_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  expense_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cry_NN  of_IO      doctor_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  song_NN  !_!    
  the_AT1  doctor_NN  nodded_VVD  assent_NN  and_CC  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  preparatory_JJ  hems_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sang_VVD  or_CC  rather_RR  repeated_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  fair_JJ  married_JJ  dames_NNS  who_PNQS so_RG  often_RR  deplore_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  lover_NN  once_RR  lost_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lover_NN  no_RR  more_RRR  .    
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  various_JJ  similar_JJ  exhibitions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  until_IO  1790_MC  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  ample_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  Graham's_PPIO2  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  obsessed_VBN  with_IO  religious_JJ  mania_NN  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  ,_,  eventually_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  tomfoolery_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  pamphlet_NN  he_PPHO1  signed_VVD  an_AT1  affidavit_NN  dated_VBN  3rd_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1793_MC  ,_,    that_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  day_NN  of_IO  December_NN1  ,_,  1792_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  day_NN  of_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  1793_MC  he_PPHO1  neither_LE  ate_VVD  ,_,  drank_VVD  ,_,  nor_CC  took_VVD  anything_PN1  but_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  sustaining_VBG  life_NN  by_IO  wearing_VBG  cut_JJ  up_JJ"  turves_NNS  against_IO  his_APP$  naked_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  rubbing_VBG  his_APP$  limbs_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  nervous_JJ  ethereal_JJ  balsam_NN  .    
  the_AT1  latter_DA  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  famous_JJ  quack_NN  medicines_NNS  originally_RR  dispensed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  temple_NN  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  feeble_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  eye_NN  .  
  his_APP$  health_NN  failed_VVD  rapidly_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  Archer's_PPIO2  Hall_NNL1  in_IO  Edinburgh_NP  on_IO  26th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1794_MC  from_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  haemorrhage_NN  .  
  getting_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  flamboyant_JJ  character_NN  as_IO  Graham_NP  into_IO  perspective_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  .  
  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  out_JJ  and_CC  out_JJ  quack_NN  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  fairly_RR  established_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  qualities_NNS  that_PNQS distinguished_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  brethren_NNS  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  great_JJ  personal_JJ  courage_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  evidence_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  as_RG  far_RR  afield_RR  as_IO  America_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  fortune_NN  in_IO  times_NNS  when_CS travel_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hazardous_JJ  adventure_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  courage_NN  to_TO  gamble_VV0  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  on_IO  what_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  hunch_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  established_VVD  his_APP$  temples_NNS  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  Graham_NP  also_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  brain_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  judge_VV0  people_NNS  and_CC  handle_VV0  them_PPHO1  adroitly_RR  .  
  in_IO  London_NP  anyway_RR  his_APP$  judgement_NN  seldom_RR  failed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  Scottish_JJ  public_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,  incredibly_RR  enough_RGA  he_PPHO1  misjudged_VVD  badly_RR  .  
  probably_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  too_RG  anglicised_VBN  by_IO  1783_MC  to_TO  be_VB0  sound_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  countrymen_NNS  .  
  originality_NN  and_CC  foresight_NN  were_VBDR  well_RR  developed_VBN  in_IO  Graham's_PPIO2  personality_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  and_CC  teaching_NN  on_IO  hygienic_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  problems_NNS  were_VBDR  years_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  his_APP$  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  orthodox_JJ  medical_JJ  practitioners_NNS  on_IO  quacks_NNS  is_VBZ  always_RR  interesting_JJ  .  
  apparently_RR  Graham_NP  ,_,  although_CS  dubbed_VBN  a_AT1  charlatan_NN  by_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  doctors_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  much_RR  sought_VBN  after_IO  for_IO  cures_NNS  by_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  profession_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  one_MC1  example_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Glen_NP  .  
  this_DD1  Edinburgh_NP  character_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  not_XX  noted_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  generosity_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  few_DA  actions_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  spirit_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  present_VV0  a_AT1  bell_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  orphanage_NN  .  
  (_(  his_APP$  fame_NN  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  thus_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  sounded_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  )_)  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Glen_NP  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  give_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  Graham_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  professional_JJ  fee_NN  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  cured_VBN  him_PPHO1  of_IO  an_AT1  eye_NN  complaint_NN  .  
  some_DD  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Edinburgh_NP  faculty_NN  suggested_VVD  asking_VBG  the_AT1    good_JJ  doctor_NN    to_TO  dine_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  fashionable_JJ  tavern_NN  and_CC  presenting_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  purse_NN  containing_VBG  30_MC  guineas_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Glen_NP  was_VBDZ  privately_RR  assured_VBN  that_CS  Graham_NP  would_VM  decline_VV0  the_AT1  gift_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  chagrin_NN  Graham_NP  at_RR  once_RR  accepted_VVD  it_PPH1    with_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  low_JJ  bow_NN  and_CC  graciously_RR  thanked_VVD  him_PPHO1  kindly_RR  .    the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Sherwin_NP  Bailey_NP  ,_,  \0Ph.D_NNSB1  .  
  public_JJ  morality_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Wolfenden_NP  (_(  homosexual_JJ  offences_NNS  and_CC  prostitution_NN  )_)  report_VV0  appeared_VVD  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  interest_NN  was_VBDZ  focussed_VBN  mainly_RR  upon_IO  its_APP$  proposals_NNS  for_IO  revision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  that_DD1  relating_VBG  to_IO  certain_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  criminal_JJ  homosexualism_NN  .  
  in_IO  subsequent_JJ  discussion_NN  ,_,  parliamentary_JJ  debate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  legislation_NN  (_(  the_AT1  street_NN  offences_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1958_MC  )_)  ,_,  legal_JJ  reform_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  issue_NN  .  
  recently_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  attention_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  directed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  ultimate_JJ  importance_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  juridical_JJ  principle_NN  stated_VBN  in_IO  chapter_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  and_CC  emphasized_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chapters_NNS  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  principle_NN  are_VBR  considered_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  essay_NN  contributed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  moral_JJ  welfare_NN  council's_NN1$  current_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  pamphlets_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  affords_VBZ  an_AT1  occasion_NN  to_TO  survey_VV0  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  terms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1    Wolfenden_NP  principle_NN    asserts_VBZ  that_CS  for_IO  legal_JJ  purposes_NNS  crime_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  equated_VBN  with_IO  sin_NN    that_CS  moral_NN  and_CC  legal_JJ  wrongdoing_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  necessarily_RR  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  consequently_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  morality_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  operative_JJ  sanctions_NNS  are_VBR  ethical_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  determinant_NN  of_IO  right_JJ  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  personal_JJ  responsibility_NN  and_CC  not_XX  fear_NN  of_IO  criminal_JJ  penalties_NNS    a_AT1  realm_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  into_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  law's_NN1$  business_NN  to_TO  intrude_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  principle_NN  should_VM  arouse_VV0  criticism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  objected_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  implied_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  crime_NN  and_CC  sin_NN  is_VBZ  superficial_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  private_JJ  morality_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  isolated_VBN  from_IO  public_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  delimitation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  morality_NN  exempt_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  sanctions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  deprives_VBZ  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  preceptive_JJ  function_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  power_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  restraint_NN    and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  such_DA  criticism_NN  showed_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  thorough_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  relation_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  implied_VVD  between_IO  law_NN  and_CC  morality_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  connection_NN  between_IO  sin_NN  and_CC  crime_NN  ;_;  and_CC  should_VM  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  attempt_VV0  to_TO  define_VV0  or_CC  enforce_VV0  morality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  punish_VV0  immorality_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  Sir_NNSB1  Patrick_NP  (_(  now_RL  Lord_NNSB1  Justice_NNSB1  )_)  Devlin_NP  set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  consider_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  Maccabaean_JJ  lecture_NN  delivered_VBN  in_IO  March_NN1  1959_MC  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin_NP  recognized_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  can_VM  not_XX  now_RL  justify_VV0  itself_PPX1  simply_RR  by_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  moral_JJ  law_NN  ;_;  since_CS  the_AT1  state_NN  leaves_VBZ  religion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  judgement_NN  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  enforce_VV0  any_DD  particular_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  any_DD  ,_,  belief_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  forfeited_VBN  its_APP$  right_NN  to_TO  enforce_VV0  a_AT1  morality_NN  founded_VBN  on_IO  religious_JJ  doctrine_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  must_VM  provide_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  answer_VV0  this_DD1  question_NN  ,_,  three_MC  others_DA2  must_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  :_:  
  has_VHZ  society_NN  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  moral_JJ  judgements_NNS  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  may_VM  it_PPH1  enforce_VV0  its_APP$  judgements_NNS  by_IO  law_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  may_VM  the_AT1  law_NN  be_VB0  invoked_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  may_VM  exceptions_NNS  be_VB0  made_VBN    and_CC  on_IO  what_DDQ  grounds_NNS  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin_NP  replies_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  lines_NNS  :_:  
  society_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  moral_JJ  judgements_NNS  because_CS  the_AT1  very_DA  notion_NN  of_IO  society_NN  implies_VBZ  a_AT1  community_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  common_JJ  morality_NN  founded_VBN  upon_IO  general_JJ  agreement_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  good_JJ  and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  evil_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  individual_NN  must_VM  submit_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  bondage_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  common_JJ  morality_NN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  must_VM  pay_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  society_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  right_NN  also_RR  to_TO  legislate_VV0  against_IO  anything_PN1  that_PNQS constitutes_VBZ  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  morality_NN  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  threat_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  good_NN  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  right_NN  no_AT1  theoretical_JJ  limit_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  attempt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wolfenden_NP  committee_NN  to_TO  set_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  limit_NN  by_IO  introducing_VBG  the_AT1  qualifying_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  exploitation_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  weakness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  circumstance_NN  warranting_VBG  the_AT1  intervention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  vitiated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  all_DB  wrong-doing_NN  involves_VBZ  exploitation_NN  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  .  
  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  ,_,  flexibility_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  in_IO  practice_NN  .  
  morality_NN  embraces_VBZ  both_DB2  public_JJ  and_CC  private_JJ  interests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  reconciled_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  permit_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  individual_JJ  freedom_NN  consistent_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  integrity_NN  of_IO  society_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  limit_NN  of_IO  toleration_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  when_CS a_AT1    real_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  reprobation_NN    is_VBZ  aroused_VBN  .  
  society's_NN1$  standard_NN  of_IO  moral_JJ  judgement_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN        the_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Clapham_NP  omnibus_NN  ,_,    and_CC  when_CS anything_PN1  excites_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_IO  emotions_NNS  of_IO    intolerance_NN  ,_,  indignation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  disgust_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  immorality_NN  demanding_VBG  the_AT1  intervention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  tolerance_NN  shift_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  law_NN  reacts_VBZ  slowly_RR  to_IO  such_DA  changes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tendency_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  any_DD  alterations_NNS  or_CC  concessions_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  convey_VV0  an_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  weakened_JJ  moral_JJ  judgement_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  to_TO  enforce_VV0  morality_NN  is_VBZ  explained_VBN  and_CC  defended_VBN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  claim_NN  is_VBZ  advanced_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  definite_JJ  and_CC  proper_JJ  relation_NN  between_IO  crime_NN  and_CC  sin_NN  .  
  morality_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_IO  society_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  religion_NN  )_)  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  enforced_VBN  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  law_NN  )_)  ;_;  religion_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  (_(  which_DDQ  in_IO  a_AT1  western_JJ  context_NN  means_VBZ  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  religion_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  morality_NN  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  conduct_NN  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  law_NN  can_VM  not_XX  enforce_VV0  that_DD1  morality_NN  on_IO  doctrinal_JJ  grounds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  general_JJ  acceptance_NN  by_IO  society_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  argument_NN  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  amounts_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  repudiation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  principal_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  justification_NN  for_IO  coercion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  harm_NN  to_IO  others_DA2    for_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  principle_NN  implicit_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  postulation_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Wolfenden_NP  committee_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  morality_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  law's_NN1$  business_NN  to_TO  intrude_VV0  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  broadcast_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enforcement_NN  of_IO  morals_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  jurisprudence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Oxford_NP  observes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  novel_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  lecture_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  morality_NN    that_CS  while_CS  earlier_JJ  opponents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  view_NN  have_VH0  rejected_VBN  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  morality_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  self-evident_JJ  ,_,  being_VBG  based_VBN  on_IO  divine_JJ  commands_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  rational_JJ  conclusions_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  founds_VBZ  it_PPH1  rather_RR  upon_IO  something_PN1  primarily_RR  subjective_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Clapham_NP  omnibus_NN  .    
  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  legal_JJ  fiction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN      and_CC    reasonable_NC2  ,_,    as_CS  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin_NP  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0    rational_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN    may_VM  be_VB0  nothing_PN1  but_IO  a_AT1  bundle_NN  of_IO  emotional_JJ  prejudices_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  shares_VBZ  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  common_JJ  morality_NN  is_VBZ  established_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  according_IO  to_II  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  theory_NN  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  enforced_VBN  by_IO  law_NN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Hart_NP  subjects_VBZ  this_DD1  view_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  searching_JJ  scrutiny_NN  .  
  its_APP$  fatal_JJ  weakness_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  general_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  intolerance_NN  ,_,  indignation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  disgust_NN  may_VM  in_IO  some_DD  instances_NNS  be_VB0  well-founded_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  others_DA2  it_PPH1  may_VM  equally_RR  be_VB0  due_JJ  to_IO  prejudice_NN  ,_,  superstition_NN  ,_,  ignorance_NN  ,_,  or_CC  misunderstanding_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  disastrous_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  law_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  firmer_JJ  basis_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN    if_CS  dispassionate_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  knowledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  common-sense_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  also_RR  allowed_VBN  a_AT1  voice_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  determination_NN  .  
  yet_RR  this_DD1  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  morality_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  sexual_JJ  relation_NN  .  
  homosexual_JJ  practices_NNS  between_IO  men_NNS  in_IO  private_JJ  are_VBR  deemed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  criminal_JJ  (_(  but_CCB  not_XX  lesbianism_NN  ,_,  fornication_NN  ,_,  or_CC  adultery_NN  )_)  simply_RR  because_CS  such_DA  practices_NNS  arouse_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN    feelings_NNS  of_IO  reprobation_NN  so_RG  strong_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  demand_VV0  expression_NN  in_IO  repressive_JJ  statutes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  why_CS the_AT1  emotions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    reasonable_JJ  man_NN    are_VBR  excited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  homosexualism_NN  and_CC  not_XX  by_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  fornication_NN  or_CC  adultery_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  to_TO  explain_VV0  such_DA  emotions_NNS  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  right_JJ  or_CC  rational_JJ  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  conception_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  morality_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  invoked_VBN  to_TO  defend_VV0  our_APP$  persecution_NN  of_IO  witches_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  various_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  racial_JJ  discrimination_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  only_RR  too_RG  familiar_JJ  to-day_NN1  .  
  before_CS  legal_JJ  effect_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  judgements_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  morality_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  feeling_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  whether_CS  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  emotionally_RR  offensive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  (_(  or_CC  which_DDQ  the_AT1  majority_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  induced_VBN  to_TO  regard_VV0  as_CS  emotionally_RR  offensive_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  harmful_JJ  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  itself_PPX1  or_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  repercussion_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  moral_JJ  code_NN  .  
  in_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Hart's_PPIO2  view_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  satisfactorily_RR  consider_VV0  and_CC  answer_VV0  this_DD1  question_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  recognizes_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  morality_NN  based_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  consensus_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  majority_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  consensus_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  mainly_RR  of_IO  feeling_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  notion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  democracy_NN  means_VBZ  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  risks_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  inseparable_JJ  from_IO  majority_NN  rule_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  insists_VBZ  that_CS  loyalty_NN  to_IO  democratic_JJ  principles_NNS  does_VBZ  not_XX  require_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  maximize_VV0  these_DD2  risks_NNS  ,_,    yet_CF  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  do_VD0  if_CS  we_PPIS2  mount_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  Clapham_NP  omnibus_NN  and_CC  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  if_CS  only_RR  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  sick_JJ  enough_RGA  about_IO  what_DDQ  other_DA  people_NNS  do_VD0  in_IO  private_JJ  to_TO  demand_VV0  its_APP$  suppression_NN  by_IO  law_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  theoretical_JJ  criticism_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  demand_NN    .  
  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  connection_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  the_AT1  adventitious_JJ  and_CC  irrelevant_JJ  means_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  such_DA  sickness_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  induced_VBN    the_AT1  propaganda_NN  and_CC  pressures_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  dubious_JJ  kinds_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  build_VV0  up_RP  artificial_JJ  emotions_NNS  of_IO  reprobation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  find_VV0  expression_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  through_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  and_CC  necessary_JJ  that_CS  society_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  authoritative_JJ  expression_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  genuine_JJ  and_CC  well-founded_JJ  moral_JJ  judgements_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  appropriately_RR  done_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  view_NN  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  legal_JJ  sanctions_NNS    a_AT1  method_NN  which_DDQ  Professor_NNSB1  Hart_NP  clearly_RR  repudiates_VBZ  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  no_AT1  alternative_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  directly_RR  concerned_VBN  .  
  for_IO  consideration_NN  of_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  alternative_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  essay_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Quentin_NP  Edwards_NP  to_IO  which_DDQ  reference_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  .  
  more_RG  precisely_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  authors_NNS  he_PPHO1  distinguishes_VBZ  between_IO  moral_JJ  codes_NNS  and_CC  criminal_JJ  codes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  between_IO  sin_NN  ,_,  crime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  immorality_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  first_MD  division_NN  ,_,  moral_JJ  codes_NNS  are_VBR  mainly_RR  hortative_JJ  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  flexible_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  bring_VV0  under_IO  condemnation_NN  even_RR  those_DD2  offences_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  culpability_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  measured_VBN  subjectively_RR  ;_;  while_CS  criminal_JJ  codes_NNS  are_VBR  almost_RR  entirely_RR  prohibitive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  rigid_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  define_VV0  offences_NNS  so_RG  exactly_RR  as_CS  to_TO  reduce_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  discretion_NN  vested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  magistracy_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  second_MD  :_:  sin_NN  is_VBZ  commonly_RR  defined_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  contravention_NN  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  will_NN  by_IO  thought_NN  ,_,  word_NN  ,_,  deed_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  omission_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  enjoined_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  confused_VBN  with_IO  crime_NN  (_(  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  declared_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  punishable_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  )_)  or_CC  with_IO  immorality_NN  (_(  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  below_IO  ,_,  or_CC  contrary_JJ  to_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  current_JJ  public_JJ  morality_NN  )_)  ;_;  nor_CC  must_NN  crime_NN  and_CC  immorality_NN  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_CS  necessarily_RR  synonymous_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  not_XX  all_DB  declensions_NNS  from_IO  public_JJ  moral_JJ  standards_NNS  are_VBR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  meriting_VBG  criminal_JJ  penalties_NNS  .  
  from_IO  these_DD2  distinctions_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  wrongs_NNS  or_CC  offences_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  sinful_JJ  or_CC  immoral_JJ  (_(  or_CC  both_DB2  )_)  but_CCB  not_XX  criminal_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  also_RR  public_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  involve_VV0  others_DA2  than_IO  the_AT1  agent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  disturbing_VBG  the_AT1  harmony_NN  of_IO  society_NN  .  
  into_IO  this_DD1  intermediate_JJ  category_NN  come_VV0  offences_NNS  such_IO  as_II  slander_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  acts_NNS  of_IO  venereal_JJ  wrongdoing_NN  .  
  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  criminal_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  unlawful_JJ  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  lacking_VBG  the_AT1  express_JB  approval_NN  or_CC  protection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  broad_JJ  sense_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  contrary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  good_JJ  morals_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  law_NN  .  
  this_DD1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    unlawful_JJ  ,_,    as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  admits_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  necessarily_RR  somewhat_RR  imprecise_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sexual_JJ  realm_NN  ,_,  where_CS   the_AT1  law's_NN1$  sexual_JJ  morality_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  highest_JJT  common_JJ  moral_JJ  factor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS      a_AT1  definition_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  differ_VV0  greatly_RR  in_IO  substance_NN  from_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Devlin's_PPIO2  idea_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  morality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  criticisms_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Hart_NP  .  
  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  practical_JJ  value_NN  because_CS  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  enable_VV0  the_AT1  law_NN  to_TO  register_VV0  and_CC  declare_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  least_RG  objectionable_JJ  way_NN  the_AT1  current_JJ  moral_JJ  judgements_NNS  of_IO  society_NN  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  ,_,  such_DA  judgements_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  sanctions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  ;_;  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  so_RR  expressed_VBN  depends_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  upon_IO  the_AT1  emotional_JJ  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  its_APP$  verdict_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  passed_VBN  .  further_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  a_AT1  spacious_JJ  environment_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  develop_VV0  these_DD2  intellectual_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  discovery_NN  and_CC  inquiry_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  surrounded_VBN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  intended_VBN  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  his_APP$  curiosity_NN  and_CC  capacity_NN  for_IO  independent_JJ  judgement_NN  .  
  given_IO  then_RL  ,_,  these_DD2  two_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN    the_AT1  broadly_RR  general_JJ  non-vocational_JJ  university_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  vocational_JJ  college_NN    as_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  how_CS do_VD0  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Robbins_NP  committee_NN  resembles_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  pretty_RR  certain_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0    at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  if_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  find_VV0    that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  far_RR  greater_JJ  scope_NN  and_CC  far_RR  greater_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  higher_JJ  education_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  at_IO  present_NN  providing_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  missing_VBG  it_PPH1  for_IO  one_MC1  reason_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  who_PNQS ought_VM  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  having_VHG  full-time_JB  education_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  18_MC  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  determined_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  more_RG  adequate_JJ  opportunity_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  add_VV0  the_AT1  extra_JJ  numbers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  colleges_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  proportion_NN  similar_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  already_RR  existing_VBG  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  by_IO  another_DD1  choice_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  alter_VV0  the_AT1  existing_JJ  balance_NN  and_CC  send_VV0  a_AT1  disproportionate_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  into_IO  either_LE  the_AT1  universities_NNS  or_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  specialist_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  invent_VV0  new_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  and_CC  find_VV0  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  determining_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  qualified_VBN  for_IO  higher_JJ  education_NN  should_VM  distribute_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  appropriate_JJ  way_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  inclined_VBN  to_TO  suspect_VV0  that_CS  any_DD  attempt_NN  to_TO  determine_VV0  a_RR  priori_RR  the_AT1  proper_JJ  proportions_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS should_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  very_RG  doubtful_JJ  value_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  true_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  places_NNS    especially_RR  science_NN  places_NNS    in_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  college_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  run_NN  ,_,  fixed_VBN  by_IO  physical_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  true_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  different_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  choices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  by_IO  what_DDQ  their_APP$  parents_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  school-masters_NNS  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  will_VM  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  of_IO  place_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  another_DD1  .  
  prediction_NN  about_IO  how_CS these_DD2  choices_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  is_VBZ  ,_,  at_RR  best_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  mere_JB  guess_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS much_RR  the_AT1  attraction_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  towards_IO  universities_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  monopoly_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  degree-giving_JB  power_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  that_CS  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  than_IO  universities_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  permission_NN  to_TO  award_VV0  degrees_NNS  ,_,  how_CS would_VM  this_DD1  affect_VV0  the_AT1  candidates'_NN2  choices_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  and_CC  only_RR  experience_NN  could_VM  decide_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  moral_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  draw_VV0  from_IO  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  make_VV0  as_RG  clear_JJ  to_IO  ourselves_PPX2  as_CS  possible_JJ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  ro*?5le_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  institution_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  what_DDQ  each_DD1  offers_VBZ  :_:  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  each_DD1  conceive_VV0  its_APP$  task_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  ;_;  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  parents_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  schools_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  well-informed_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS seek_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  university_NN  road_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  possible_JJ  roads_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  self-chosen_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  information_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  my_APP$  subject_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  universities_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  so_RR  I_PPIS1  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  university_NN  does_VBZ  or_CC  should_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  time_NN  in_IO  seeking_VBG  some_DD  answers_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  university_NN  prepares_VBZ  them_PPHO1  for_IO  their_APP$  job_NN  in_IO  life_NN    but_CCB  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  know-how_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  restricted_VBN  to_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  occupation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  nowadays_RR  prepare_VV0  them_PPHO1  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  learned_JJ  professions_NNS  as_CS  it_PPH1  tended_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  as_RG  recently_RR  as_IO  even_RR  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  entrusted_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  intellectual_JJ  powers_NNS  by_IO  setting_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  very_RG  exacting_JJ  academic_JJ  task_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  emphasize_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN    academic_NC2    because_CS  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  universities_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  based_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  young_JJ  men_NNS  destined_VBN  for_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  tasks_NNS  in_IO  life_NN    in_IO  public_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  law_NN  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  industry_NN  and_CC  commerce_NN    will_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  prepared_VBN  if_CS  for_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  formative_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  important_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  they_PPHS2  undertake_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  courses_NNS  of_IO  study_NN  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  scholars_NNS  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  tradition_NN  has_VHZ  left_VBN  its_APP$  mark_NN  indelibly_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  ,_,  political_JJ  ,_,  educational_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  fabric_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  given_VBN  the_AT1  universities_NNS  public_JJ  responsibility_NN  and_CC  prevented_VBN  them_PPHO1  from_IO  being_VBG  what_DDQ  are_VBR  called_VBN    ivory_NN  towers_NNS    .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  profound_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  deeply_RR  affected_VBN  ,_,  through_IO  those_DD2  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  taught_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  of_IO  our_APP$  affairs_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  .  
  the_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  read_VBN  his_APP$  history_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  in_IO  friendly_JJ  rivalry_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  future_JB  historian_NN  ,_,  inevitably_RR  reflects_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  parliamentary_JJ  behaviour_NN  the_AT1  academic_JJ  experience_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  passed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gladstone_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  professor_NN  was_VBDZ  profoundly_RR  important_JJ  both_DB2  for_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  which_DDQ  missed_VVD  his_APP$  services_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  public_JJ  life_NN  which_DDQ  gained_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  thing_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  university_NN  does_VBZ  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  students_NNS  a_AT1  special_JJ  experience_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  gain_VV0  an_AT1  abiding_JJ  insight_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  university's_NN1$  perspective_NN  .  
  judged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  daily_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  university_NN  life_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  senses_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  odd_JJ  one_MC1  and_CC  university_NN  people_NNS  seem_VV0  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  layman_NN  outside_RP  ,_,  rather_RR  odd_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  need_VM  not_XX  try_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0  at_RR  length_RR  why_CS this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  ;_;  I_PPIS1  will_VM  just_RR  say_VV0  this_DD1  :_:  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  normal_JJ  daily_JJ  life_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  or_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  quite_RR  near_JJ  future_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  hopes_NNS  and_CC  anxieties_NNS  of_IO  day-to-day_JB  existence_NN  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  universities_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  quite_RR  different_JJ  time-scale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  exercise_VV0  the_AT1  academic_JJ  mind_NN  belong_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  world_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN    not_XX  only_RR  of_IO  yesterday_NN1  but_CCB  of_IO  fifty_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  hundred_MC  are_VBR  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  world_NN    .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .  
  rightly_RR  regarded_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  academic_NN  is_VBZ  indispensable_JJ  to_IO  civilization_NN  only_RR  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  remains_VBZ  academic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  described_VBN  .  
  for_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  entirely_RR  right_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  indifferent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  belonging_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  practical_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  ill-at-ease_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  hopes_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  or_CC  woman_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  to_TO  spend_VV0  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  years_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  take_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  spirit_NN  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  some_DD  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  captured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  home_NN1  with_IO  academic_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  wish_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  their_APP$  lives_NNS  cultivating_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  among_IO  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  the_AT1  professors_NNS  and_CC  university_NN  teachers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  generation_NN  .  
  others_DA2  will_VM  fall_VV0  under_IO  its_APP$  influence_NN  only_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  will_VM  then_RL  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  outside_RP  ;_;  but_CCB  not_XX  ,_,  one_MC1  hopes_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  ever_RR  quite_DA  the_AT1  same_DA  again_RR  .  
  for_CS  we_PPIS2  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  ,_,  hope_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  here-and-now_RL    whether_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  personal_JJ  conduct_NN  ,_,  of_IO  public_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  art_NN  and_CC  literature_NN  ,_,  of_IO  science_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  applications_NNS    illuminated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  studies_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  university_NN  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  what_DDQ  the_AT1  student_NN  needs_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  a_DA  little_DA  (_(  or_CC  even_RR  just_RR  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  )_)  more_DA  competence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  studied_VBN  at_IO  school_NN  ;_;  not_XX  just_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  rough_JJ  edges_NNS  knocked_VVD  off_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  ;_;  not_XX  just_RR  to_TO  learn_VV0  more_RG  elaborate_JJ  intellectual_JJ  skills_NNS  ;_;  not_XX  what_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  idiom_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  called_VBN    know-how_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  characteristic_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  from_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  learn_VV0  much_DA  that_PNQS will_VM  enrich_VV0  both_DB2  his_APP$  personal_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  service_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  give_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  day_NN  and_CC  generation_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  student_NN  must_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  university_NN  a_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  chosen_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  whether_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  chemistry_NN  or_CC  history_NN  ,_,  oriental_JJ  languages_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  engineering_NN  science_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  helping_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  that_DD1  mastery_NN  the_AT1  university_NN  must_VM  also_RR  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  catch_VV0  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  and_CC  to_TO  acquire_VV0  a_AT1  taste_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    other_DA  worldliness_NN    of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  thing_NN  the_AT1  university_NN  does_VBZ  for_IO  its_APP$  young_JJ  people_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  their_APP$  education_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  talked_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  environment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  protected_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  artificial_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  environment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  without_IO  great_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  impress_VV0  itself_PPX1  upon_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  retain_VV0  its_APP$  impression_NN  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  society_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  belonged_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  College_NNL1  at_IO  Oxford_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  well_RR  recall_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  this_DD1  latter_DA  sort_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  entry_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  taught_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ethos_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  by_IO  any_DD  formal_JJ  instruction_NN  ,_,  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  strength_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  diversity_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  which_DDQ  its_APP$  members_NNS  brought_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  stock_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  joined_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  undergraduate_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  nationality_NN  ,_,  race_NN  or_CC  colour_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  never_RR  supplied_VBN  a_AT1  member_NN  before_II  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  and_CC  better_JJ  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  extra-mural_JJ  scholar_NN  arrived_VVD  ,_,  fresh_JJ  from_IO  his_APP$  job_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  'bus_NN  driver_NN  in_IO  Bristol_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  prone_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  College_NNL1  had_VHD  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  strengthened_VBN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  German_JJ  Rhodes_NP  scholar_NN  first_RR  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  better_JJ  place_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  taught_VBN  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  society_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  every_AT1  single_JJ  member_NN  made_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  unique_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  diversity_NN  of_IO  gifts_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  disposed_VVD  of_IO  in_IO  common_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  by_IO  implication_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  learnt_VVD  that_CS  uniformity_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  repetition_NN  of_IO  identical_JJ  experiences_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  weakness_NN  and_CC  something_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  free_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  or_CC  reject_VV0  this_DD1  philosophy_NN  which_DDQ  underlay_VVD  our_APP$  common_JJ  life_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  looking_VBG  back_RP  on_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  '30s_MC2  ,_,  the_AT1  successors_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  generation_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  prepared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  positive_JJ  possible_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  their_APP$  mind_NN  when_CS the_AT1  challenge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dictatorships_NNS  fell_VVD  across_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  education_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  formal_JJ  ,_,  overt_JJ  teaching_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  learned_VVD  cut_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  of_IO  social_JJ  groups_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  religions_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  nationality_NN  and_CC  of_IO  race_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lesson_NN  equally_RR  on_IO  offer_NN  to_IO  arts_NNS  men_NNS  and_CC  scientists_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  among_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  effective_JJ  teaching_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  known_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  thing_NN  that_PNQS a_AT1  university_NN  should_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  for_IO  its_APP$  undergraduates_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  become_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  masters_NNS  .  
  as_CS  my_APP$  experience_NN  of_IO  universities_NNS  has_VHZ  widened_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  become_VBN  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  convinced_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  function_NN  .  
  the_AT1  university_NN  years_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  primarily_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  intellect_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  without_IO  their_APP$  importance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  character_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  quarters_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  a_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  reproach_NN  that_CS  our_APP$  universities_NNS  have_VH0  laid_VBN  too_RG  great_JJ  an_AT1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  character_NN  .  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  curious_JJ  to_TO  recall_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  long_RR  since_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  complaint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  critics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  exercised_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  hidden_JJ  authority_NN  :_:  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  the_AT1  complaint_NN  made_VBN  ,_,  until_CS  recently_RR  ,_,  of_IO  George_NP  5's_CD$  behaviour_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  crisis_NN  of_IO  1931_MC  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  evidence_NN  available_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  still_RR  exercises_VBZ  considerable_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  power_NN  commonly_RR  takes_VBZ  the_AT1  form_NN  only_RR  of_IO  personal_JJ  influence_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  expression_NN  only_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  right_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  consulted_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  advise_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  warn_VV0  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  several_DA  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  personal_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Nicolson's_PPIO2  life_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  George_NP  5_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  little_DA  evidence_NN  available_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   about_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  of_IO  influence_NN  by_IO  King_NNSB1  George_NP  6_MC  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  tradition_NN  and_CC  habit_NN    to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  hereditary_JJ  streaks_NNS  of_IO  character_NN    combine_VV0  strongly_RR  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  advise_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  warn_VV0  is_VBZ  not_XX  something_PN1  which_DDQ  either_LE  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  or_CC  his_APP$  Ministers_NNSB2  take_VV0  lightly_RR  .  
  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  reign_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  steady_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  bashfully_RR  claims_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  is_VBZ  reputed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  very_RG  strong-willed_JJ  young_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  able_JJ  and_CC  ready_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  her_APP$  views_NNS  known_VBN  and_CC  heeded_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  at_IO  worst_JJT  ,_,  a_AT1  strong_JJ  streak_NN  of_IO  Hanoverian_JJ  pig-headedness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  at_RR  best_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  strength_NN  of_IO  character_NN  and_CC  clarity_NN  of_IO  purpose_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  of_IO  no_AT1  little_DA  importance_NN  :_:  even_RR  Lytton_NP  Strachey_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  match_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  chooses_VBZ  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  known_JJ  character_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  great-great-granddaughter_NN  .  
  of_IO  no_AT1  less_DA  importance_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  reign_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  time_NN  :_:  longer_RRR  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  even_RR  than_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  .  
  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria's_PPIO2  reign_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  accumulated_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  growing_JJ  personal_JJ  ascendancy_NN  over_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  who_PNQS naturally_RR  stood_VVD  in_IO  awe_NN  of_IO  so_RG  formidable_JJ  an_AT1  historical_JJ  figure_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  ascendancy_NN  even_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  foreign_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  her_APP$  own_DA  children_NNS  or_CC  grandchildren_NN  :_:  all_DB  these_DD2  were_VBDR  an_AT1  important_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  exceptional_JJ  influence_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  exercise_VV0  .  
  there_EX  seems_VBZ  every_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  will_VM  increasingly_RR  come_VV0  to_TO  occupy_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  position_NN  .  
  however_CS much_RR  the_AT1  facts_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  may_VM  change_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  and_CC  knowing_JJ  old_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  state_NN  for_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  while_CS  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  \0U.S.S.R_NP  or_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  republic_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  and_CC  gone_VBN  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  count_VV0  for_IO  nothing_PN1    even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  sometimes_RR  fearfully_RR  imagines_VBZ  will_VM  exist_VV0  in_IO  2002_MC  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  we_PPIS2  expect_VV0  this_DD1  exceptional_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  influence_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  confers_VBZ  real_JJ  personal_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  much_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  answer_NN  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  best_RBT  given_VBN  in_IO  personal_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  George_NP  5_MC  interpreted_VVD  his_APP$  duties_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  George_NP  6_MC  also_RR  .  
  George_NP  5_MC  had_VHD  a_AT1  strict_JJ  and_CC  unerring_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  important_JJ  conventions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  constitution_NN  :_:  this_DD1  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  untold_JJ  value_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  of_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  1924_MC  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  resisted_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  powerful_JJ  pressures_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  put_VBN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  out_RP  of_IO  office_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  instinctive_JJ  behaviour_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  occasion_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  attribute_VV0  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  system_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  outside_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS left-wing_JB  movements_NNS  throughout_IO  Europe_NP  became_VVD  e*?2migre*?2_JJ  groups_NNS  within_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  holding_VBG  the_AT1  ring_NN    for_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  such_DA  conduct_NN  is_VBZ    is_VBZ  not_XX  confined_VBN  to_IO  strict_JJ  constitutional_JJ  questions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Nicolson's_PPIO2  biography_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  examples_NNS  of_IO  George_NP  5's_CD$  anxiety_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  party_NN  or_CC  even_RR  interest_NN  should_VM  not_XX  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  within_IO  his_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  influence_VV0  decisions_NNS  ,_,  ride_VV0  roughshod_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  twice_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  strike_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  spontaneously_RR  and_CC  effectively_RR  intervened_VVD  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  extreme_JJ  elements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  government_NN  from_IO  unjustly_RR  or_CC  cruelly_RR  treating_VBG  the_AT1  strikers_NNS  .  
  interventions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  neither_RR  can_VM  their_APP$  importance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  small_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  strong_JJ  party_NN  government_NN  ,_,  to_TO  have_VH0  excesses_NNS  of_IO  party_NN  spirit_NN  rebuked_VBN  by_IO  one_MC1  to_IO  whom_WPO  Ministers_NNSB2  are_VBR  constitutionally_RR  bound_VBN  to_TO  listen_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  listen_VV0  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  from_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  governments_NNS  of_IO  1945-51_MC-MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  little_DA  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  governments_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  held_VBN  office_NN  since_IO  then_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  people_NNS  uncomfortable_JJ  to-day_NN1  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  duty_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  of_IO  duty_NN  in_IO  high_JJ  places_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  read_VV0  the_AT1  biographies_NNS  of_IO  George_NP  5_MC  and_CC  George_NP  6_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  sycophantic_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  realising_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  nai"ve_JJ  ,_,  conception_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  duty_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  subjects_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  their_APP$  subjects_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  affected_VVD  even_RR  George_NP  5's_CD$  attitude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  question_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  inspired_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  actions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  certainly_RR  their_APP$  actions_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  critical_JJ  moments_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  state_VV0  this_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  cold_JJ  fact_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  no_PN1  one_PN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  blinded_VBN  by_IO  preconception_NN  can_VM  fail_VV0  to_TO  recognise_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  apparent_JJ  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  very_DA  simplicity_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  conception_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  has_VHZ  normally_RR  had_VHN  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  fail_VV0  normally_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  ,_,  a_AT1  softening_JJ  and_CC  civilising_JJ  influence_NN  on_IO  those_DD2  engaged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  embittering_JJ  struggle_NN  for_IO  power_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ideas_NNS  and_CC  conceptions_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  Professor_NNSB1  Butterfield_NP  has_VHZ  reminded_VBN  us_PPIO2   ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  real_JJ  merely_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  thinking_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  made_VBN  them_PPHO1  so_PN1  .  
  Marc_NP  Bloch's_PPIO2  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  collapse_NN  of_IO  France_NP  in_IO  1940_MC  is_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  comparisons_NNS  it_PPH1  affords_VBZ  ,_,  not_XX  irrelevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  there_RL  accuses_VBZ  the_AT1  rulers_NNS  and_CC  seducers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NN  before_IO  1940_MC  of_IO  showing_VBG    complete_JJ  ignorance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  nobility_NN  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  unexpressed_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  hearts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  people_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  like_IO  ours_PP$  ,_,  has_VHZ  behind_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  long_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  action_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  sentimental_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  precise_JJ  point_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  people's_NN1$  political_JJ  tradition_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  draws_VBZ  our_APP$  attention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inherent_JJ  nobility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  political_JJ  tradition_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  worthy_JJ  expression_NN  before_IO  and_CC  during_IO  1940_MC  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  nobility_NN  ,_,  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  political_JJ  tradition_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  find_VV0  expression_NN  in_IO  1940_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  foolhardy_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  who_PNQS believes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  contrast_NN  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tradition_NN  through_IO  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  institution_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  the_AT1  personal_JJ  characters_NNS  and_CC  examples_NNS  set_VBN  by_IO  George_NP  5_MC  and_CC  George_NP  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  ingraining_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  tradition_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  royal_JJ  family_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  could_VM  more_RG  surely_RR  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  than_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  passing_NN  on_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  tradition_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  family_NN    seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  of_IO  real_JJ  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  sentimental_JJ  talk_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  sovereign_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  alarmingly_RR  irrelevant_JJ  .  
  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  ,_,  week_NN  by_IO  week_NN  ,_,  year_NN  by_IO  year_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  is_VBZ  invited_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  her_APP$  self-appointed_JJ  advisers_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  send_VV0  her_APP$  eldest_JJT  child_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  school_NN  ,_,  to_TO    bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  like_IO  other_DA  children_NNS    :_:  advice_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  relevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  citizen_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  to_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  constitutional_JJ  sovereign_NN  .  
  there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  inculcation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  habits_NNS  of_IO  mind_NN  and_CC  behaviour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  constitutional_JJ  sovereign_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  successfully_RR  achieved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  cases_NNS  of_IO  George_NP  5_MC  ,_,  George_NP  6_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  present_JJ  Queen_NNSB1  .  
  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  barter_VV0  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  sovereign_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  certainty_NN  of_IO  yet_RR  another_DD1  second-class_JJ  citizen_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  mean_JJ  exchange_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  curious_JJ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS is_VBZ  rightly_RR  anxious_JJ  that_CS  people_NNS  should_VM  adapt_VV0  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  changed_JJ  positions_NNS  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  understand_VV0  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  in_IO  helping_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  acceptable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  laugh_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  Ministers_NNSB2  of_IO  1924_MC  ,_,  attired_VBN  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  ridiculously_RR  ,_,  in_IO  court_NN  dress_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  except_CS  to_IO  a_DA  few_DA  irreconcilables_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pomp_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  display_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  small_JJ  price_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  visible_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  known_JJ  repository_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  political_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  advisers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  manner_NN  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  marks_NNS  of_IO  respect_NN  ,_,  given_VBN  and_CC  received_VBN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  representatives_NNS  of_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  established_JJ  ,_,  middle-class_JJ  ,_,  parties_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  how_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS argue_VV0  like_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  can_VM  deny_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  even_RR  more_RG  difficult_JJ  changes_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  popularly_RR  acceptable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  acceptable_JJ  even_RR  to_IO  those_DD2  most_RG  likely_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  reconciled_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  transference_NN  of_IO  power_NN  in_IO  British_JJ  territories_NNS  since_IO  1945_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  considerably_RR  easier_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  and_CC  actions_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  courtesy_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  reigning_JJ  monarchs_NNS  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  may_VM  smile_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nehru_NP  or_CC  even_RR  Archbishop_NNSB1  Makarios_NP  is_VBZ  transformed_VBN  from_IO  being_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  guests-in-prison_NNS  into_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  guests_NNS  at_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  someone_PN1  ill-qualified_JJ  to_TO  observe_VV0  or_CC  comment_VV0  on_IO  public_JJ  affairs_NNS  who_PNQS denies_VBZ  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  pictures_NNS  of_IO    the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  and_CC  her_APP$  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,    which_DDQ  are_VBR  reproduced_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  page_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  at_IO  every_AT1  commonwealth_NN  conference_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  worth_IO  contemplating_VBG  .  
  one_MC1  may_VM  ,_,  like_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  ,_,  sometimes_RR  wryly_RR  observe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Prime_NNSB1  Ministers_NNSB2  seems_VBZ  to_TO  increase_VV0  in_IO  direct_JJ  proportion_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  territories_NNS  directly_RR  subject_JJ  to_IO  her_APP$  majesty_NN  declines_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  must_VM  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  not_XX  jaundiced_JJ  ,_,  admit_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  notable_JJ  tribute_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  for_IO  accepting_VBG  inevitable_JJ  change_NN  .  
  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  of_IO  reality_NN  in_IO  Algeria_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  considerably_RR  easier_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  colons_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  army_NN  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  accepted_JJ  sovereign_NN  to_TO  emphasise_VV0  the_AT1  continuity_NN  which_DDQ  exists_VBZ  in_IO  all_DB  established_JJ  societies_NNS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  actual_JJ  change_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  less_RG  necessary_JJ  to_TO  cry_VV0  Algerie_&FW  Franc*?6aise_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  something_PN1  like_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  fiction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  headship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  makes_VBZ  visible_JJ  the_AT1  abiding_JJ  connections_NNS  which_DDQ  unite_VV0  one_MC1  society_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  symbolic_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  and_CC  confusing_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  many_DA  aspects_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  mean_VV0  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS cherish_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  question_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  answered_VBN  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  little_DA  care_NN  for_IO  other_DA  people's_NN2  needs_NNS  and_CC  feelings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  necessary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  articulate_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  inarticulate_JJ  ,_,  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  than_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mop_NP  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  so_RG  sure_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  betray_VV0  just_RR  as_RG  foolish_JJ  an_AT1  obsession_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  bedazzled_JJ  reader_NN  of_IO  woman_NN  and_CC  woman's_NN1$  own_DA  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  personally_RR  ,_,  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  order_NN  as_IO  its_APP$  value_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  less_RRR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  examine_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  attitudes_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  own_DA  motives_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  smile_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  circular_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  remember_VV0  how_CS many_DA  people_NNS  read_VV0  the_AT1  court_NN  circular_NN  !_!    says_VBZ  Bagehot_NP  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  more_RG  offensively_RR  ,_,  intellectually_RR  arrogant_JJ  sentences_NNS  .  
    its_APP$  use_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  those_DD2  to_IO  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  speaks_VBZ  .    
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  deny_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  speaks_VBZ  directly_RR  and_CC  intelligibly_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  believe_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Muggeridge_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  symbolises_VBZ  obsequiousness_NN  ;_;  sycophancy_NN  ;_;  snobbishness_NN  ;_;  class-consciousness_NN  ;_;  social_JJ  mountaineering_NN  ;_;  dreamland_NN  ;_;  earthly_JJ  pretensions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  circuses_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  are_VBR  commingled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  this_DD1  neither_LE  surprising_JJ  nor_CC  ,_,  in_IO  itself_PPX1  ,_,  alarming_JJ  .  
  obsequiousness_NN  ,_,  sycophancy_NN  ,_,  snobbishness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  unhappily_RR  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  inevitable_JJ  components_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  human_JJ  societies_NNS    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  their_APP$  lubrication_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  oily_JJ  mixture_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0    and_CC  I_PPIS1  object_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  only_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  corrupt_VV0  or_CC  seriously_RR  interfere_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  legitimate_JJ  exercise_NN  of_IO  real_JJ  power_NN  .  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  America_NP  .  
  by_IO  Dorothy_NP  Emmet_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  start_VV0  this_DD1  talk_NN  by_IO  asking_VBG  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    social_NC2  philosophy_NC2    .  
  an_AT1  unkind_JJ  critic_NN  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  programmes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  section_NN  might_VM  suggest_VV0  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  mean_VV0  any_DD  topic_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  bearing_VBG  on_IO  contemporary_JJ  society_NN  ;_;  while_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  talk_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  the_AT1  term_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  mean_VV0  something_PN1  like_IO  a_AT1  coherent_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  about_IO  society_NN  related_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  social_JJ  programme_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  prepared_VBN  to_TO  defend_VV0  the_AT1  eclectic_JJ  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section's_NN1$  programme_NN  against_IO  an_AT1  exclusively_RR  monolithic_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  ;_;  though_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  various_JJ  topics_NNS  of_IO  social_JJ  interest_NN  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  not_XX  just_RR  descriptively_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  ways_NNS  which_DDQ  produce_VV0  criticism_NN  and_CC  reflection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  reasonably_RR  general_JJ  kind_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  a_AT1  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  related_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  purpose_NN  was_VBDZ  developed_VBN  by_IO  contrasting_VBG  our_APP$    malaise_NN    and_CC  lack_NN  of_IO  direction_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  conviction_NN  and_CC  sense_NN  of_IO  direction_NN  seen_VBN  in_IO  communist_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  sure_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  produce_VV0  something_PN1  else_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  in_IO  democratic_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  difficulty_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO    social_JJ  purpose_NN    is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  singular_NN  and_CC  particularize_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  national_JJ  effort_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  directed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  programme_NN  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  in_IO  wartime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  when_CS a_AT1  collective_JJ  economy_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  built_VBN  up_RP  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  suggest_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  more_DA  regimenting_NN  and_CC  pressure_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  right_JJ  in_IO  democratic_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  use_VV0  the_AT1  term_NN  to_TO  mean_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  specific_JJ  programme_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  purpose_NN  turns_VBZ  into_IO  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  vaguely_RR  in_IO  phrases_NNS  such_IO  as_II    achieving_VBG  social_JJ  justice_NN    ,_,  or_CC    persons_NNS  in_IO  community_NN    ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  even_RR  more_RG  vaguely_RR  ,_,    living_VBG  the_AT1  good_JJ  life_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  notions_NNS  are_VBR  just_RR  vacuous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  cashed_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  programme_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  all_DB  likely_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  phrase_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  use_VV0  ,_,  nor_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  thinking_VBG  about_IO  it_PPH1  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  asked_VBN  what_DDQ  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  directed_VBN  towards_IO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  world_NN  peace_NN  ;_;  to_IO  working_VBG  towards_IO  a_AT1  multi-racial_JJ  commonwealth_NN  ;_;  to_IO  educational_JJ  expansion_NN  at_IO  various_JJ  levels_NNS  ;_;  to_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  social_JJ  services_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  presumably_RR  to_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  production_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  tolerable_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  together_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  people_NNS  can_VM  pursue_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  purposes_NNS  they_PPHS2  themselves_PPX2  think_VV0  worth_IO  while_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  work_NN  and_CC  private_JJ  lives_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  does_VBZ  this_DD1  add_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1    social_JJ  philosophy_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  sense_NN  geared_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  social_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  is_VBZ  this_DD1  a_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  growing_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  or_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  general_JJ  ideas_NNS  relevant_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  pragmatic_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  development_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  turn_VV0  now_RL  to_IO  America_NP  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  congenial_JJ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  ideological_JJ  nation_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .  
  Edward_NP  Shils_NP  and_CC  Daniel_NP  Bell_NP  both_DB2  write_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1    end_NN  of_IO  ideology_NN    ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  very_RG  convincingly_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  really_RR  mean_VV0  is_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appeal_NN  of_IO  communist_JJ  ideas_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  intellectuals_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  still_RR  see_VV0  pervasive_JJ  influences_NNS  of_IO  certain_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  ideology_NN  in_IO  American_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  individualism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  founding_JJ  fathers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  genuinely_RR  moving_JJ  to_TO  stand_VV0  inside_IO  the_AT1  Lincoln_NP  monument_NN  in_IO  Washington_NP  and_CC  read_VV0  the_AT1  passages_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Gettysburg_NP  address_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  
    fourscore_MC  and_CC  seven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  our_APP$  fathers_NNS  brought_VVD  forth_RP  on_IO  this_DD1  continent_NN  a_AT1  new_JJ  nation_NN  ,_,  conceived_VBN  in_IO  liberty_NN  and_CC  dedicated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  proposition_NN  that_CS  all_DB  men_NNS  are_VBR  created_VBN  equal_JJ    .  
  of_RR  course_RR  one_MC1  can_VM  be_VB0  cynical_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  instance_VV0  discrimination_NN  against_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  nevertheless_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  there_RL  to_TO  disturb_VV0  consciences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ideology_NN  which_DDQ  found_VVD  its_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  constitution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  can_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  backing_NN  of_IO  legitimacy_NN  to_IO  people_NNS  struggling_VBG  against_IO  certain_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  discrimination_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  over_IO  integration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  states_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  recently_RR  ,_,  in_IO  teaching_VBG  an_AT1  undergraduate_JJ  course_NN  in_IO  political_JJ  theory_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  university_NN  ,_,  how_CS much_RR  Locke_NP  seemed_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  talk_VV0  obvious_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  whether_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  of_IO  our_APP$  students_NNS  here_RL  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  American_JJ  undergraduates_NNS  talked_VVD  easily_RR  about_IO  natural_JJ  rights_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  produced_VVD  Lockean_JJ  notions_NNS  of_IO  checks_NNS  and_CC  balances_NNS  and_CC  aversion_NN  to_IO  strong_JJ  government_NN  as_CS  self-evidently_RR  sensible_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  this_DD1  political_JJ  ideology_NN  produces_VBZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  problem_NN  for_IO  thinking_VBG  realistically_RR  about_IO  their_APP$  contemporary_JJ  political_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  deal_VV0  adequately_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  great_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  foreign_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  trends_NNS  making_VBG  for_IO  strong_JJ  government_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  official_JJ  political_JJ  philosophy_NN  of_IO    checks_NNS  and_CC  balances_NNS    we_PPIS2  also_RR  hear_VV0  demands_NNS  for_IO    a_AT1  strong_JJ  lead_NN    from_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  demand_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  apparent_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  administration_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  giving_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  Eisenhower_NP  administration_NN  .  
  so_RR  there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  re-think_VV0  the_AT1  official_JJ  political_JJ  philosophy_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  demands_NNS  for_IO  strong_JJ  government_NN  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  dominant_JJ  ideology_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Dewey_NP  philosophy_NN  of_IO  experimental_JJ  problem-solving_NN  .  
  this_DD1  assumed_VVD  a_AT1  union_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  and_CC  goodwill_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  democratic_JJ  social_JJ  ends_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  for_CS  granted_VBN  and_CC  attention_NN  concentrated_VBN  on_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  achieving_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  explicit_JJ  pragmatic_JJ  democratic_JJ  philosophy_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  older_JJ  generation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  taking_VBG  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  positivist_NN  political_JJ  science_NN  which_DDQ  holds_VBZ  that_CS  ends_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  rationally_RR  discussed_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  scientific_JJ  ingenuity_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  devoted_VBN  to_IO  working_VBG  out_RP  efficient_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  getting_VBG  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_PNQS you_PPY  happen_VV0  to_TO  want_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ideological_JJ  background_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  political_JJ  sociology_NN  .  
  the_AT1  muck-raking_JB  investigations_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  older_JJ  generation_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  replaced_VBN  by_IO  studies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dynamics_NN  of_IO  pressure_NN  groups_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  writings_NNS  about_IO  politics_NN  as_IO    a_AT1  science_NN  of_IO  power_NN    ,_,  taking_VBG  for_CS  granted_VBN  that_CS  people_NNS  want_VV0  power_NN  and_CC  trying_VBG  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS they_PPHS2    manipulate_VV0    beliefs_NNS  and_CC  symbols_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  \0C_NP  Wright_NP  Mills_NP  writes_VBZ  best_JJT  sellers_NNS  partly_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  vein_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  note_NN  of_IO  passionate_JJ  idealism_NN  running_VBG  through_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  just_RR  how_CS the_AT1  idealism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  tough_JJ  power_NN  politics_NN  note_NN  are_VBR  brought_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  thinking_NN  .  
  Reinhold_NP  Niebuhr_NP  continues_VBZ  his_APP$  well-known_JJ  attack_NN  on_IO  complacencies_NNS  over_IO  problems_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  simplifications_NNS  both_DB2  of_IO  cynicism_NN  and_CC  idealism_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  gaining_VBG  in_IO  stature_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  become_VBN  a_AT1  political_JJ  analyst_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  turning_VBG  from_IO  political_JJ  to_IO  social_JJ  criticism_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  extensive_JJ  literature_NN  on_IO    pressures_NNS  to_IO  conformity_NN    ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  Whyte's_PPIO2  organization_NN  man_NN  and_CC  Reisman's_PPIO2  lonely_JJ  crowd_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  best-known_JJT  examples_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  illustrate_VV0  how_CS quickly_RR  a_AT1  trend_NN  of_IO  criticism_NN  can_VM  catch_VV0  on_RP  .  
  people_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  those_DD2  represented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  intellectual_JJ  weeklies_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  conversation_NN  in_IO  eastern_JJ  cities_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  getting_VBG  highly_RR  sophisticated_JJ  about_IO  this_DD1  notion_NN  of_IO  conformity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  crack_VV0  jokes_NNS  about_IO    peer_NN  groups_NNS    .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  underneath_IO  this_DD1  literature_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  kinds_NNS  of_IO  pressures_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  necessary_JJ  and_CC  right_JJ  if_CS  people_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  together_RR  and_CC  get_VV0  trained_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  things_NNS  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  kinds_NNS  of_IO  pressures_NNS  which_DDQ  make_VV0  people_NNS  conventional_JJ  and_CC  afraid_JJ  of_IO  adventuring_NN  .  
  the_AT1  notion_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  live_VV0  without_IO  need_NN  for_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  conformity_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  up_RP  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  beats_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  non-conformist_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  find_VV0  themselves_PPX2  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  fashion_NN  ,_,  pursued_VBN  by_IO  social_JJ  success_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  get_VV0  opportunities_NNS  to_TO  read_VV0  their_APP$  poetry_NN  at_IO  $300_NNU  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  they_PPHS2  also_RR  establish_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  particular_JJ  conventions_NNS  of_IO  unconventionality_NN  .  
  these_DD2  seem_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  trends_NNS  in_IO  what_DDQ  one_MC1  might_VM  call_VV0  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  vague_JJ  sense_NN  in_IO  contemporary_JJ  America_NP  .  
  how_CS does_VBZ  the_AT1  new_JJ  Kennedy_NP  administration_NN  look_VV0  against_IO  this_DD1  background_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  catch_VV0  a_AT1  national_JJ  mood_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  for_IO  tough-minded_JJ  energy_NN  along_IO  with_II  idealism_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  Professor_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0K_NP  Galbraith_NP  address_VV0  a_AT1  campaign_NN  meeting_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  of_IO  Columbia_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  important_JJ  distinction_NN  of_IO  outlook_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  nowadays_RR  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  between_IO  liberals_NNS  and_CC  conservatives_NNS  as_CS  between_IO    the_AT1  complacent_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  concerned_JJ    .  
  people_NNS  who_PNQS call_VV0  themselves_PPX2  liberals_NNS  or_CC  conservatives_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  then_RL  gave_VVD  a_AT1  masterly_JJ  satire_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  administration_NN  as_IO  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    complacent_JJ    ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  Kennedy_NP  and_CC  those_DD2  associated_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0    concerned_JJ    in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  deeply_RR  and_CC  compassionately_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  problems_NNS  ,_,  international_JJ  ,_,  social_JJ  and_CC  domestic_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  add_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  being_VBG  impressed_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  and_CC  interest_NN  in_IO  social_JJ  ideas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  appeal_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  like_IO  Galbraith_NP  himself_PPX1  is_VBZ  symptomatic_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  book_NN  like_IO  his_APP$  the_AT1  affluent_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  criticisms_NNS  that_PNQS economists_NNS  and_CC  others_DA2  can_VM  make_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  more_RG  influential_JJ  than_IO  anything_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  being_VBG  written_VBN  here_RL  .  
  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  intelligently-written_JB  books_NNS  on_IO  particular_JJ  social_JJ  trends_NNS  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  monolithic_JJ  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  to_TO  call_VV0  recognizing_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  intelligence_NN  and_CC  goodwill_NN  in_IO  achieving_VBG  tolerable_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  living_VBG  together_RR  a_AT1  social_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,  well_JJ  and_CC  good_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  needs_VBZ  to_TO  go_VV0  beyond_IO  generalities_NNS  to_IO  particular_JJ  studies_NNS  of_IO  particular_JJ  social_JJ  trends_NNS  ,_,  presented_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  readable_JJ  form_NN  .  
  the_AT1  energy_NN  ,_,  concern_NN  and_CC  intelligence_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  are_VBR  more_RRR  in_IO  evidence_NN  in_IO  America_NP  than_CS  over_RP  here_RL  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  fires_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  burning_VBG  over_RP  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  damped_VBN  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  test_NN  whether_CS  damped_JJ  fires_NNS  are_VBR  really_RR  alight_JJ  is_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  burn_VV0  up_RP  when_CS poked_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  burning_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  continual_JJ  conflagration_NN  of_IO  propaganda_NN  for_IO  social_JJ  ideologies_NNS  .  
  peaks_NNS  of_IO  medical_JJ  history_NN  .  
  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Cohen_NP  of_IO  Birkenhead_NP  .  
  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  runs_VBZ  parallel_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  its_APP$  roots_NNS  in_IO  pre-history_NN  when_CS man_NN  ,_,  coping_VBG  with_IO  hostile_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  felt_VVD  a_AT1  primal_JJ  sympathy_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  fellow_JB  man_NN  and_CC  sought_VVD  to_TO  relieve_VV0  his_APP$  suffering_NN  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  has_VHZ  reflected_VBN  the_AT1  philosophy_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  time_NN  though_CS  earlier_JJ  ideas_NNS  have_VH0  often_RR  tended_VBN  to_TO  persist_VV0  despite_IO  their_APP$  scientific_JJ  disproof_NN  .  
  though_CS  we_PPIS2  tend_VV0  to_TO  associate_VV0  great_JJ  discoveries_NNS  in_IO  medicine_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  man_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  indeed_RR  shall_VM  often_RR  do_VD0  in_IO  this_DD1  lecture_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  blindly_RR  Carlyle's_PPIO2  dictum_NN  that_CS    history_NN  is_VBZ  biography_NN    but_CCB  recognise_VV0  that_CS  many_DA  have_VH0  added_VBN  bricks_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  presents_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  completed_JJ  edifice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  records_NNS  of_IO  medicine_NN  date_VV0  back_RP  over_RR  6,000_MC  years_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  stem_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nile_NP  where_CS may_VM  yet_RR  be_VB0  seen_VBN  the_AT1  royal_JJ  tomb_NN  of_IO  Zoser_NP  designed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  physician_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  reign_NN  ,_,  Imhotep_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  later_RRR  deified_VBN  and_CC  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  temple_NN  of_IO  Edfu_NP  .  
  contemporaneously_RR  ,_,  or_CC  possibly_RR  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  ,_,  there_EX  developed_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  Sumerian_JJ  civilisation_NN  but_CCB  our_APP$  records_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  are_VBR  incomplete_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  recorded_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  code_NN  Hammurabi_NP  (_(  1948-1905_MC-MC  \0B.C_RR  )_)  ,_,  Babylonian_JJ  laws_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  medical_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  however_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  Egyptian_JJ  papyri_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  of_IO  Edwin_NP  Smith_NP  and_CC  Ebers_NP  found_VBN  at_IO  Thebes_NP  and_CC  dating_VBG  from_IO  about_RR  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  \0B.C_RR  that_CS  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  records_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  .  
  these_DD2  papyri_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Egyptians_NP2  shared_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  primitive_JJ  medical_JJ  folklore_NN  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  animism_NN  \0viz_RR  that_CS  disease_NN  is_VBZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  evil_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  enemy_NN  ,_,  demon_NN  ,_,  god_NN  or_CC  even_RR  animal_NN  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  evil_JJ  spirit_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  warded_VBN  off_RP  by_IO  amulets_NNS  ,_,  propitiated_VBN  by_IO  sacrifice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  expelled_VBN  by_IO  incantations_NNS  .  
  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  have_VH0  the_AT1  best_JJT  teaching_NN  system_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    in_IO  some_DD  colleges_NNS  .  
  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  are_VBR  so_RG  incompetent_JJ  in_IO  teaching_VBG  that_CS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  intense_JJ  competition_NN  for_IO  entry_NN  nearly_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  students_NNS  leave_VV0  with_IO  3rd_MD  class_NN  degrees_NNS  and_CC  worse_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  Oxford_NP  3rd_NN  only_RR  an_AT1  Oxford_NP  examiner_NN  like_IO  myself_PPX1  could_VM  credit_VV0  :_:  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  colleges_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  specialize_VV0  in_IO  producing_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  or_CC  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  most_RBT  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  schools_NNS  .  
  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  by_IO  their_APP$  competitive_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  entry_NN  set_VV0  standards_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  which_DDQ  distinguish_VV0  English_JJ  education_NN  from_IO  all_DB  other_DA  systems_NNS  except_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  :_:  only_RR  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  England_NP  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  for_IO  success_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  hard_JJ  competitive_JJ  training_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  8_MC  or_CC  9_MC  and_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  mature_JJ  and_CC  polished_JJ  intellectual_NN  at_IO  16_MC  .  
    treat_VV0  them_PPHO1  mean_RR  and_CC  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  keen_JJ  .    
  or_CC  (_(  as_CS  a_AT1  Bishop_NNSB1  wrote_VVD  in_IO  1889_MC  )_)    the_AT1  English_NP2  do_VD0  everything_PN1  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  racing_VBG    .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  successful_JJ  are_VBR  almost_RR  miraculous_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  war_NN  horse_NN  saith_VBZ  among_IO  the_AT1  trumpets_NNS  ha_UH  ,_,  ha_UH  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  smelleth_VBZ  the_AT1  battle_NN  afar_RR  off_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  thunder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  captains_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  shouting_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  very_RG  pleasant_JJ  indeed_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  examinee_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  good_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  as_RG  pleasant_JJ  to_TO  coach_VV0  good_JJ  examinees_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS much_DA  harm_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  to_IO  bad_JJ  examinees_NNS  .  
  how_CS far_RR  have_VH0  A_ZZ1  level_NN  ,_,  S_ZZ1  level_NN  ,_,  now_RL  the_AT1  new_JJ  U_ZZ1  level_NN  (_(  or_CC  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  )_)  been_VBN  affected_VBN  by_IO  Oxbridge_NP  scholarship_NN  examinations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  something_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  while_CS  the_AT1  competitors_NNS  are_VBR  groomed_VBN  .  
  so_RG  often_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  provinces_NNS  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  rescuing_VBG  a_AT1  boy_NN  ,_,  basically_RR  very_RG  able_JJ  ,_,  who_PNQS did_VDD  well_RR  at_IO  O_ZZ1  level_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  well_RR  at_IO  A_ZZ1  level_NN  after_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sixth_MD  ,_,  went_VVD  back_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  third_MD  year_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  potential_JJ  competitor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  did_VDD  worse_RRR  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  reasons_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  :_:  the_AT1  effect_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  arrives_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  stale_JJ  and_CC  defeated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  impossible_JJ  ever_RR  to_TO  recover_VV0  the_AT1  boy_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  existed_VVD  at_IO  15_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  another_DD1  contrast_NN  .  
  in_IO  England_NP  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  which_DDQ  set_VV0  standards_NNS  of_IO  prestige_NN  for_IO  universities_NNS  .  
  men_NNS  come_VV0  and_CC  go_VV0  easily_RR  between_IO  cabinets_NNS  ,_,  embassies_NNS  ,_,  chairmanships_NNS  of_IO  boards_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  colleges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Colleges_NPLS  are_VBR    inside_RP    ;_;  their_APP$  lawns_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  mahogany_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  herbaceous_JJ  borders_NNS  (_(  not_XX    alas_UH    any_RR  longer_RRR  their_APP$  buildings_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  the_AT1  real_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  envy_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  aspire_VV0  ;_;  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  in_IO  Oxbridge_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sole_JB  basis_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  dream_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  exist_VV0  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  Coventry_NP  ,_,  or_CC  Colchester_NP  .  
  the_AT1  English_JJ  intellectual_NN  till_IO  the_AT1  19th_MD  century_NN  lived_VVD  in_IO  Grub_NP  Street_NNL1  or_CC  in_IO  nonconformist_JJ  rigour_NN  ;_;  from_IO  this_DD1  Oxbridge_NP  rescued_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  great_JJ  reforms_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  his_APP$  dream_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  commensalis_&FW  and_CC  socius_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  foundation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  freeholder_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  inheritance_NN  of_IO  scholarship_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  may_VM  not_XX  of_RR  course_RR  agree_VV0  ;_;  the_AT1  cold_JJ  collations_NNS  of_IO  north_NN1  Oxford_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  of_IO  College_NNL1  feasts_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  folklore_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  in_IO  Oxbridge_NP  as_RG  many_DA    outs_NNS    as_IO    ins_NNS    ;_;  the_AT1  democracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fellows_NNS  is_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  democracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Athenians_NP2  ,_,  among_IO  their_APP$  womenfolk_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  metics_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  slaves_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whigs_NNS  still_RR  rule_VV0  ;_;  democratic_JJ  principles_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  oligarchy_NN  and_CC  conservatism_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  would_VM  not_XX  choose_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  whig_NN  .  
  one_MC1  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  propose_VV0  remedies_NNS  except_CS  for_IO  admitted_JJ  evils_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  it_PPH1  hard_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  popularity_NN  of_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  evil_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  exactly_RR  an_AT1  evil_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1    thing_NN    ,_,  an_AT1  element_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  extremely_RR  odd_JJ  flavour_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  society_NN  .  
  clearly_RR  English_JJ  society_NN  is_VBZ  changing_VBG  :_:  ducunt_&FW  volentem_&FW  fata_&FW  ,_,  nolentem_&FW  trahunt_&FW    things_NNS  are_VBR  moving_VBG  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  better_RRR  move_VV0  gracefully_RR  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  perforce_RR  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  points_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  (_(  very_RG  few_DA  )_)  are_VBR  clear_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  clouded_JJ  statistical_JJ  ball_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  Oxbridge_NP  students_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  system_NN  (_(  apart_IO  from_II  London_NP  ,_,  about_RR  one_MC1  in_IO  two_MC  in_IO  1938/9_MC  ,_,  one_MC1  in_IO  three_MC  in_IO  1956_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  dropping_VBG  sharply_RR  .  
  this_DD1  drop_NN  is_VBZ  marked_JJ  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  arts_NNS  subjects_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  these_DD2  (_(  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  make_VV0  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  \0U.G.C_NP  statistics_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  one_MC1  would_VM  call_VV0  amateurish_JJ  but_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  conceal_VV0  some_DD  things_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  convenient_JJ  to_TO  conceal_VV0  )_)  the_AT1  1958/9_MC  figures_NNS  for_IO  arts_NNS  graduates_NNS  were_VBDR  Oxbridge_NP  2,740_MC  ,_,  London_NP  1,377_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  rest_NN  3,436_MC  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  subjects_NNS  the_AT1  relative_JJ  decline_NN  is_VBZ  precipitate_JJ  ;_;  in_IO  ten_MC  years'_NN2  time_NN  the_AT1  Oxbridge_NP  mathematicians_NNS  ,_,  scientists_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  engineers_NNS  (_(  though_CS  doubtless_RR  of_IO  high_JJ  quality_NN  )_)  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  much_RR  more_RG  significant_JJ  numerically_RR  than_CS  the_AT1  Oxbridge_NP  medical_JJ  schools_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  .  
  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  facts_NNS  in_IO  another_DD1  way_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  more_DA  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  reach_VV0  university_NN  entrance_NN  standard_NN  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  who_PNQS can_VM  enter_VV0  Oxbridge_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  ineluctable_JJ  ;_;  Oxbridge_NP  could_VM  expand_VV0  proportionately_RR  only_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  self-destruction_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  situation_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  must_VM  adjust_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  mechanics_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  clearing_NN  house_NN  are_VBR  probably_RR  essential_JJ  to_TO  tide_VV0  us_PPIO2   over_IO  the_AT1  transition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  transition_NN  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  modification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    image_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  simplified_JJ  picture_NN  which_DDQ  governs_VBZ  action_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  image_NN  builders_NNS  who_PNQS will_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  Oxbridge_NP  myth_NN  and_CC  weave_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  pattern_NN  with_IO  other_DA  English_JJ  myths_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  plenty_NN  of_IO  myths_NNS  to_IO  hand_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  myth_NN  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  great_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  myth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  by_IO  its_APP$  hardness_NN  made_VVD  the_AT1  modern_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  myths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cathedral_NNL1  towns_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  leftish_JJ  myths_NNS  of_IO  Sandy_NP  Lindsay_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Fulton_NP  ,_,  Keele_NP  and_CC  Brighton_NP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  \0I.C.I_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  steel_NN  industry_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  our_APP$  myths_NNS  built_VBN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  firm_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  men_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  so_RG  much_DA  per_IO  cubic_JJ  foot_NN  of_IO  cloudcapped_JJ  tower_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  thus_RR  endowed_VBN  ;_;  can_VM  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  two_MC  points_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  conclusion_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  face_VV0  a_AT1  quick_JJ  transition_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  where_CS the_AT1  natural_JJ  pace_NN  of_IO  change_NN  is_VBZ  slow_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  for_IO  universities_NNS  to_TO  explain_VV0  directly_RR  to_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  schools_NNS  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  offer_VV0  (_(  though_CS  of_RR  course_RR  we_PPIS2  should_VM  try_VV0  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  natural_JJ  mentors_NNS  are_VBR  parents_NNS  and_CC  teachers_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  those_DD2  between_IO  45_MC  and_CC  55_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS learnt_VVD  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  about_IO  post-school_JB  education_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  very_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  1970's_MC2  and_CC  1980's_MC2  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  quite_RR  close_RR  to_IO  our_APP$  students_NNS  .  
  parents_NNS  perhaps_RR  fall_VV0  into_IO  three_MC  sections_NNS  ;_;  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  glad_JJ  to_TO  finish_VV0  formal_JJ  education_NN  at_IO  14_MC  or_CC  earlier_RRR  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS obtained_VVD  a_AT1  professional_JJ  qualification_NN    the_AT1  hard_JJ  way_NN    under_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  English_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS remember_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  University_NNL1    and_CC  for_IO  most_DA  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  Oxford_NP  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  London_NP  medical_JJ  school_NN  .  
  the_AT1  teachers_NNS  in_IO  public_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  bias_NN  to_IO  arts_NNS  and_CC  pure_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  bias_NN  towards_IO  Oxbridge_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  diminishes_VBZ  as_CS  one_MC1  goes_VBZ  down_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  ladder_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  status_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  a_AT1  ladder_NN  of_IO  ability_NN  or_CC  even_RR  of_IO  success_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  these_DD2    customers_NNS    ,_,  the_AT1  advisors_NNS  of_IO  students_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  creators_NNS  of_IO  ambition_NN  ,_,  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  sell_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  a_AT1  system_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Oxbridge_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  special_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  predominant_JJ  place_NN  .  
  my_APP$  last_DA  point_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  professor_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  civic_JJ  university_NN  ,_,  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  and_CC  government_NN  of_IO  cities_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  family_NN  growing_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  civic_JJ  situation_NN  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  peculiarly_RR  advantageous_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  a_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  York_NP  ,_,  Canterbury_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  :_:  but_CCB  the_AT1  English_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  system_NN  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  changed_VBN  quickly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  English_NP2  live_VV0  .  
  Leeds_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  Manchester_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  Liverpool_NP  University_NNL1  and_CC  others_DA2  are_VBR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  re-building_NN  of_IO  cities_NNS  ;_;  new_JJ  cities_NNS  and_CC  new_JJ  universities_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  created_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  learn_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  together_RR  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  any_DD  doubt_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  cause_NN  for_IO  uneasiness_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  Scottish_JJ  universities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  discussed_VBN  here_RL  .  
  Scottish_JJ  people_NNS  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  universities_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  familiar_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  fit_VV0  easily_RR  into_IO  Scottish_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  as_CS  English_JJ  universities_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  responsibility_NN  rests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  civic_JJ  universities_NNS  for_IO  creating_VBG  this_DD1  ease_NN  of_IO  relationship_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  existed_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  hitherto_RR  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  charmed_JJ  circle_NN  of_IO  hereditary_JJ  Oxbridge_NP  men_NNS  .  
  2b_MC  .  
  a_AT1  pyramid_NN  of_IO  prestige_NN  .  
  \0A_NP  \0H_NP  Halsey_NP  .  
  senior_JJ  lecturer_NN  in_IO  sociology_NN  ,_,  University_NNL1  of_IO  Birmingham_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Morris_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  utopian_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  universities_NNS  exist_VV0  primarily_RR  for_IO  educational_JJ  purposes_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  attended_VBN  by_IO  students_NNS  for_IO  primarily_RR  educational_JJ  motives_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  weaknesses_NNS  in_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  as_IO  educational_JJ  organizations_NNS  and_CC  deduces_VBZ  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  increasing_JJ  future_JB  popularity_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ    the_AT1  modern_JJ  universities_NNS    .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  more_RG  melancholy_JJ  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  for_IO  redbrick_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  of_IO  universities_NNS  more_RRR  as_IO  antechambers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  than_CS  as_IO  centres_NNS  of_IO  higher_JJ  learning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  popularity_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  appointments_NNS  board_NN  ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  tutor's_NN1$  study_NN  .  
  my_APP$  fear_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  expansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sixties_MC2  and_CC  seventies_MC2  will_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  academic_JJ  hierarchy_NN  more_RG  securely_RR  supported_VBN  by_IO  scholastic_JJ  selection_NN  ,_,  more_RG  firmly_RR  maintained_VBN  by_IO  occupational_JJ  connections_NNS  and_CC  more_RG  clearly_RR  recognized_VBN  by_IO  public_NN  and_CC  participants_NNS  than_CS  ever_RR  before_II  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  context_NN  the_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  education_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  meritocratic_JJ  selection_NN  and_CC  training_NN  ground_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  expanding_JJ  army_NN  of_IO  professional_JJ  ,_,  scientific_JJ  and_CC  technical_JJ  manpower_NN  seems_VBZ  peculiarly_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  result_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  graded_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  schools_NNS  and_CC  colleges_NNS  which_DDQ  reflects_VBZ  the_AT1  power_NN  and_CC  prestige_NN  pyramid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wider_JJ  society_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  to_TO  deny_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Charles'_PPIO2  thesis_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  redbrick_NN  universities_NNS  stand_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  pedagogical_JJ  philosophy_NN  which_DDQ  derives_VBZ  teaching_NN  from_IO  scholarship_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  fundamentally_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  Balliol_NP  faith_NN  that_CS  scholarship_NN  will_VM  accompany_VV0  well-organized_JJ  undergraduate_JJ  teaching_NN  .  
  many_DA  will_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  excellence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tutorial_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  proven_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  English_NP2  have_VH0  a_AT1  penchant_NN  for_IO  living_VBG  on_IO  untested_JJ  myths_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  the_AT1  lessons_NNS  of_IO  experience_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  simply_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  methods_NNS  of_IO  educating_VBG  different_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  student_NN  for_IO  different_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  learning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  short_JJ  weekly_JJ  duet_NN  of_IO  essay_NN  and_CC  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  inappropriate_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  uneconomical_JJ  in_IO  modern_JJ  circumstances_NNS  :_:  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  conducive_JJ  to_IO  producing_VBG  the_AT1  amateur_NN  gentleman_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  professional_JJ  scholar_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  irritated_JJ  American_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  school_NN  and_CC  Oxford_NP  graduates_NNS  as_IO    not_XX  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  people_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  frozen_JJ  people_NN    ,_,  is_VBZ  at_IO  bottom_NN  a_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    finishing_NN  school_NN    theory_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  learning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  even_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  as_CS  a_AT1  distinguishing_JJ  mark_NN  of_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  tutorial_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  valid_JJ  .  
  enquiry_NN  might_VM  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  student_NN  of_IO  physics_NN  at_IO  Manchester_NP  or_CC  Cambridge_NP  is_VBZ  more_RG  similar_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  education_NN  ,_,  style_NN  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  outlook_NN  than_CS  either_LE  is_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  reading_VBG  classics_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  Cambridge_NP  staircase_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  very_RG  well_RR  be_VB0  too_RR  that_CS  a_AT1  \0B.Com_NNSB1  undergraduate_NN  in_IO  Birmingham_NP  is_VBZ  better_RRR  taught_VBN  tutorially_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  Cambridge_NP  college_NN  scholar_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  sent_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  an_AT1  ageing_JJ  ,_,  impoverished_JJ  tutor_NN  clinging_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  squalid_JJ  gentility_NN  by_IO  supervising_VBG  economics_NN  for_IO  30_MC  hours_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  all_DB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  popularity_NN  of_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  schoolmasters_NNS  ,_,  parents_NNS  and_CC  sixth-formers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  Liverpool_NP  and_CC  Leicester_NP  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  New_NP  College_NNL1  or_CC  Newnham_NP  is_VBZ  such_DA  that_CS  ancient_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  do_VD0  not_XX  begin_VV0  to_TO  compete_VV0  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  is_VBZ  right_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  complimentary_JJ  label_NN    modern_NC2    to_TO  describe_VV0  redbrick_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  provincial_JJ  universities_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  nationalized_VBN    that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  1908_MC  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  students_NNS  at_IO  Leeds_NP  who_PNQS were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  from_IO  within_IO  thirty_MC  miles_NNS  was_VBDZ  78_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  by_IO  1955_MC  ,_,  reduced_VBN  to_IO  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  ancient_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  applies_VBZ  for_IO  most_DA  Englishmen_NP2  only_RR  to_IO  hymn_NN  books_NNS  .  
  places_NNS  of_IO  higher_JJ  learning_NN  other_DA  than_IO  Oxford_NP  and_CC  Cambridge_NP  are_VBR    provincial_JJ      a_AT1  word_NN  conveying_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  as_CS  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  inferiority_NN  ,_,  outsideness_NN  and_CC  rejection_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS belong_VV0  to_IO  but_CCB  are_VBR  not_XX  accepted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  culture_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  may_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  in_RP  to_IO  Oxford_NP  or_CC  Cambridge_NP  .  **"_**'  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  farms_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Geoffrey_NP  Haworth_NP  .  
  many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  were_VBDR  breeding_VBG  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  cow_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  and_CC  also_RR  being_VBG  used_VBN  for_IO  beef_NN  .  
  a_AT1  Swedish_JJ  friend_NN  led_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  cow_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  at_IO  Karavayevo_NP  ,_,  some_DD  200_MC  miles_NNS  north-east_NN1  of_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  this_DD1  farm_NN  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  outside_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  Intourist_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  largely_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  offices_NNS  of_IO  \0SCR_NP  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  arrange_VV0  a_AT1  visit_NN  last_DA  June_NN1  .  
  Kostroma_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  town_NN  ,_,  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  reached_VBN  by_IO  rail_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  train_NN  leaves_VBZ  Moscow_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  rather_RR  inconvenient_JJ  hour_NN  of_IO  1.20_MC  \0a.m_RR  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  arrived_VVD  any_DD  doubts_NNS  about_IO  our_APP$  welcome_NN  were_VBDR  quickly_RR  dispelled_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  met_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  delegation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_CS  my_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  presented_VBN  with_IO  three_MC  bouquets_NNS  we_PPIS2  proceeded_VVD  to_IO  our_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  breakfast_NN  (_(  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  already_RR  unwisely_RR  had_VHN  one_MC1  on_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  many_DA  toasts_NNS  we_PPIS2  set_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  after_IO  examining_VBG  some_DD  more-than-life-size_JB  busts_NNS  of_IO  farm_NN  workers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  distinguished_VBN  themselves_PPX2  (_(  several_DA  of_IO  whom_WPO  were_VBDR  in_IO  our_APP$  party_NN  )_)  ,_,  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Kostroma_NP  cows_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  say_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  fully_RR  came_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  expectations_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  asked_VVD  if_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  could_VM  come_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  cowshed_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  photographed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  ourselves_PPX2  seated_VBN  behind_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  covered_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  red_JJ  velvet_NN  cloth_NN  while_CS  a_AT1  full_JJ  parade_NN  of_IO  bulls_NNS  and_CC  cows_NNS  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  past_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  white-coated_JJ  attendants_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  sexes_NNS  .  
  about_RR  50_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  some_DD  Swiss_JJ  cows_NNS  were_VBDR  imported_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  and_CC  crossed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  native_JJ  Yaroslav_JJ  .  
  in_IO  1920_MC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  hybrids_NNS  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  to_IO  Karavayevo_NP  .  
  a_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  for_IO  milking_NN  and_CC  butter-fat_NN  qualities_NNS  was_VBDZ  continued_VBN  for_IO  20_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  in_IO  1944_MC  the_AT1  Kostroma_NP  breed_NN  was_VBDZ  officially_RR  recognised_VBN  and_CC  registered_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1951_MC  the_AT1  herd_NN  average_NN  was_VBDZ  14,093_MC  \0lb_NNU  and_CC  in_IO  1953_MC  over_RR  160_MC  cows_NNS  gave_VVD  14,200_MC  \0lb_NNU  or_CC  over_RR  .  
  the_AT1  highest_JJT  individual_JJ  yield_NN  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  cow_NN  called_VBN  Grosa_NP  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  fifth_MD  lactation_NN  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  36,304_MC  \0lb_NNU  of_IO  milk_NN  at_IO  3.7_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  butter_NN  fat_NN  (_(  1,343_MC  \0lb_NNU  fat_NN  )_)  .  
  another_DD1  outstanding_JJ  record_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  Poslushnitza_NP  2nd_MD    35,776_MC  \0lb_NNU  at_IO  3.92_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  (_(  1,402_MC  \0lb_NNU  fat_NN  )_)  .  
  although_CS  both_DB2  herd_NN  and_CC  individual_JJ  yields_NNS  have_VH0  now_RL  been_VBN  surpassed_VBN  by_IO  Friesian_JJ  cows_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  hard_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  so_RG  many_DA  cows_NNS  of_IO  uniform_JJ  excellence_NN  anywhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  their_APP$  weight_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  1,200_MC  to_IO  1,600_MC  pounds_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  good_JJ  beef_NN  qualities_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  accompanied_VBN  round_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  charming_JJ  man_NN  called_VBN  Steiman_NP  .  
  now_RL  in_IO  his_APP$  70s_MC2  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  selecting_VBG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  stock_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  herd_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  started_VVD  the_AT1    cold_JJ  house_NN    method_NN  of_IO  calf_NN  rearing_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  use_NN  .  
  calves_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  dams_NNS  at_IO  birth_NN  and_CC  kept_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  unheated_JJ  house_NN  where_CS the_AT1  temperature_NN  from_IO  December_NN1  to_IO  March_NN1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  below_IO  freezing_NN  point_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  claimed_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  these_DD2  temperatures_NNS  bacteria_NNS  are_VBR  rendered_VBN  harmless_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  hardy_JJ  ,_,  healthy_JJ  calves_NNS  are_VBR  produced_VBN  .  
  scours_NNS  and_CC  pneumonia_NN  are_VBR  unknown_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  young_JJ  calves_NNS  are_VBR  housed_VBN  in_IO  large_JJ  airy_JJ  kennels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fed_VBN  on_IO  milk_NN  ,_,  hay_NN  and_CC  concentrates_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  young_JJ  stock_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  live_VV0  outside_RP  with_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  shelter_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  year_NN  round_RP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  building_NN  and_CC  given_VBN  another_DD1  gigantic_JJ  meal_NN  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  vodka_NN  ,_,  cognac_NN  and_CC  wine_NN  .  
  farm_NN  hospitality_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  colossal_JJ  scale_NN  became_VVD  quite_DA  an_AT1  important_JJ  item_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  lives_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  tour_NN  .  
  (_(  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  assured_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  meals_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  everyday_JB  farm_NN  practice_NN  !_!  )_)  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  vast_JJ  spread_NN  of_IO  cold_JJ  meats_NNS  ,_,  salads_NNS  ,_,  fish_NN  ,_,  eggs_NNS  and_CC  cheese_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  was_VBDZ  but_II  an_AT1  appetiser_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  soup_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  two_MC  hot_JJ  dishes_NNS  and_CC  sweet_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  wise_JJ  to_TO  decide_VV0  on_IO  vodka_NN  or_CC  cognac_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  and_CC  to_TO  stick_VV0  to_IO  one_MC1  for_IO  the_AT1  innumerable_JJ  toasts_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  drunk_VBN  throughout_II  .  
  we_PPIS2  usually_RR  started_VBN  with_IO    Mir_&FW  i_&FW  druzhba_&FW    (_(  peace_NN  and_CC  friendship_NN  )_)  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  for_IO  variety_NN  ,_,  passed_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  as_IO    better_JJ  silage_NN    or_CC    higher_JJ  butter_NN  fat_NN    .  
  nearly_RR  always_RR  at_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  came_VVD  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  
    and_CC  now_RL  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   what_DDQ  you_PPY  think_VV0  of_IO  our_APP$  farm_NN  .    
  there_EX  followed_VVD  complete_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  eyes_NNS  and_CC  ears_NNS  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  sincere_JJ  praise_NN  for_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  luckily_RR  the_AT1  criticisms_NNS  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  were_VBDR  usually_RR  met_VBN  with_IO  nodding_NN  of_IO  heads_NNS  and_CC  murmurs_NNS  of_IO      yes_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  .    
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0  here_RL  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  Karavayevo_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  visited_VVD  state_NN  and_CC  collective_JJ  farms_NNS  in_IO  Krasnodar_NP  ,_,  Piatigorsk_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Sigulda_NP  district_NN  of_IO  Latvia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  that_PNQS strikes_VBZ  one_MC1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1    acreages_NNS  from_IO  7,854_MC  at_IO  Karavayevo_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  a_AT1  stock_NN  farm_NN  ,_,  to_IO  40,000_MC  at_IO  Krasnodar_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  arable_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  the_AT1  growing_NN  of_IO  wheat_NN  ,_,  barley_NN  ,_,  maize_NN  and_CC  sugar_NN  beet_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  mechanised_VBN  .  
  gone_VBN  are_VBR  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS Cossacks_NP2  galloped_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  grassy_JJ  steppe_NN  on_IO  superb_JJ  horses_NNS  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  drove_VVD  in_IO  jeeps_NNS  round_IO  fields_NNS  of_IO  490_MC  acres_NNS  bordered_VBN  with_IO  shelter_NN  belts_NNS  of_IO  fruit_NN  trees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  yield_NN  of_IO  wheat_NN  is_VBZ  29_MC  \0cwt_NNU  per_IO  acre_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  farms_NNS  we_PPIS2  visited_VVD  sold_VVD  cream_NN  and_CC  butter_NN  and_CC  fed_VVD  the_AT1  skim_NN  to_IO  pigs_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  aim_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  breed_VV0  and_CC  feed_VV0  for_IO  high_JJ  butter_NN  fat_NN  .  
  every_AT1  farm_NN  aimed_VVD  at_IO  being_VBG  self-contained_JJ  :_:  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  their_APP$  own_DA  machine_NN  stations_NNS  ,_,  vets_NNS  ,_,  zootechnicians_NNS  (_(  we_PPIS2  should_VM  perhaps_RR  say_VV0  livestock_NN  specialists_NNS  )_)  ,_,  crop_NN  specialists_NNS  and_CC  accountants_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  often_RR  their_APP$  own_DA  schools_NNS  ,_,  hospitals_NNS  ,_,  savings_NNS  banks_NNS  and_CC  cinemas_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  development_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  research_NN  stations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  farms_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  blocks_NNS  of_IO  flats_NNS  for_IO  farm_NN  workers_NNS  and_CC  many_DA  more_DA  under_IO  construction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  also_RR  went_VVD  into_IO  two-roomed_JJ  wooden_JJ  houses_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  primitive_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  where_CS cooking_NN  in_IO  summer_NN  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  home-made_JJ  mud_NN  stove_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  both_DB2  collective_JJ  and_CC  state_NN  farm_NN  directors_NNS  seem_VV0  agreed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  even_RR  larger-scale_JB  organisation_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  housing_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  in_IO  large_JJ  villages_NNS  or_CC  even_RR  towns_NNS  .  
  already_RR  some_DD  collective_JJ  farms_NNS  have_VH0  abandoned_VBN  the_AT1  annual_JJ  shareout_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  guaranteed_JJ  monthly_JJ  cash_NN  wage_NN  .  
  state_NN  farms_NNS  emphasise_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  well-being_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  year's_NN1$  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  will_VM  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  going_VBG  however_CS badly_RR  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  their_APP$  annual_JJ  results_NNS  depends_VBZ  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  they_PPHS2  may_VM  spend_VV0  on_IO  amenities_NNS  such_IO  as_II    Palaces_NPLS  of_IO  culture_NN    ,_,  cinemas_NNS  ,_,  sending_VBG  workers_NNS  free_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Black_NP  Sea_NNL1  resorts_NNS  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  thus_RR  each_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  farm_NN  tries_VBZ  to_TO  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  better_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  others'_APS$  systems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  already_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  growing_JJ  similarity_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  comparisons_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  farming_NN  systems_NNS  of_IO  Russia_NP  and_CC  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  both_DB2  have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  problems_NNS  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  find_VV0  any_DD  new_JJ  solutions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  farms_NNS  we_PPIS2  visited_VVD  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  their_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  manpower_NN  per_IO  beast_NN  or_CC  per_IO  acre_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  high_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  impressive_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  thoroughness_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  carry_VV0  out_RP  their_APP$  systems_NNS  :_:  grooming_NN  of_IO  cows_NNS  ,_,  attention_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  feeding_NN  of_IO  calves_NNS  ,_,  detailed_JJ  keeping_NN  of_IO  farm_NN  records_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  end_VV0  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  what_DDQ  impressed_VVD  us_PPIO2   most_RBT  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  welcome_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  learn_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  every_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  English_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  director_NN  ,_,  with_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  experts_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  always_RR  willing_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  whole_JJ  day_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  us_PPIO2   round_RP  and_CC  entertain_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  each_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  formidable_JJ  array_NN  of_IO  facts_NNS  and_CC  figures_NNS  at_IO  his_APP$  or_CC  her_APP$  finger-tips_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  my_APP$  inability_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  similar_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  or_CC  even_RR  for_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  farm_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  created_VBN  a_AT1  bad_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  wish_VV0  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  more_DA  exchange_NN  visits_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  farmers_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  two_MC  countries_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  far_RR  too_RG  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  lives_NNS  .  
  surveys_NNS  and_CC  reviews_NNS  .  
  recent_JJ  books_NNS  on_IO  Tolstoy_NP  in_IO  English_NN1  .  
  \0J_NP  \0S_NP  Spink_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  that_CS  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  on_IO  Tolstoy_NP  ,_,  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  decade_NN  is_VBZ  worthy_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  greatness_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  belong_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  literary_JJ  genre_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  peculiarly_RR  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  ,_,  namely_RR  the_AT1  intimate_JJ  life-story_NN  told_VBN  for_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  sake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  tend_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  their_APP$  very_DA  nature_NN  ,_,  to_TO  belittle_VV0  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  attentions_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  essence_NN  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  those_DD2  lavished_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  press_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  victims_NNS  .  
  biography_NN  becomes_VBZ  trivial_JJ  when_CS its_APP$  sole_JB  object_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  introduce_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  like_IO  prying_JJ  tourists_NNS  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  intimacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  could_VM  call_VV0  such_DA  intimate_JJ  life-stories_NNS    stately_JJ  homes_NN2  literature_NN    .  
  their_APP$  authors_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  seek_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  Sainte-Beuve_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  master_NN  of_IO  biographical_JJ  criticism_NN  ,_,  to_TO  present_VV0  a_AT1  full-length_JB  psychological_JJ  portrait_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  study_VV0  the_AT1  genesis_NN  and_CC  development_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  critical_JJ  studies_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  there_EX  anything_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  epic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tragedy_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  comedy_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  technique_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  resemble_VV0  the_AT1  popular_JJ  novel_NN  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Cynthia_NP  Asquith's_PPIO2  married_VBN  to_IO  Tolstoy_NP  (_(  Hutchinson_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  very_RG  \0U_JJ  in_IO  tone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  \0U_JJ  language_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  women's_NN2  magazines_NNS  :_:  
    fortunately_RR  the_AT1  Czar_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  another_DD1  audience_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  receive_VV0  Sonya_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  before_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  summoned_VBN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  readjust_VV0  her_APP$  stay-laces_NNS  and_CC  recover_VV0  her_APP$  breath_NN    (_(  \0p_NN  149_MC  )_)  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  sources_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  pretentious_JJ  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  begins_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS      marriage_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  genius_NN  can_VM  seldom_RR  be_VB0  easy_JJ    and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  pleasure_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  level_NN  .  
  \0M_NP  Hofmann_NP  and_CC  \0A_NP  Pierre's_PPIO2  by_IO  deeds_NNS  of_IO  truth_NN  :_:  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  Leo_NP  Tolstoy_NP  (_(  Hanison_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  translation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  published_VBN  in_IO  French_NN1  in_IO  1934_MC  and_CC  its_APP$  reissue_NN  in_IO  English_NN1  (_(  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0USA_NP  ,_,  bound_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  )_)  was_VBDZ  doubtless_RR  motivated_VBN  commercially_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  50th_MD  anniversary_NN  of_IO  Tolstoy's_PPIO2  death_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  Tolstoy's_PPIO2  love_NN  affairs_NNS  ,_,  courtship_NN  and_CC  marriage_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  told_VBN  every_AT1  few_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  books_NNS  published_VBN  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  apparently_RR  no_AT1  other_DA  aim_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  retailing_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  lives_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  Tikhon_NP  Polner's_PPIO2  Tolstoy_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  (_(  Jonathan_NP  Cape_NP  ,_,  1946_MC  )_)  ,_,  first_RR  published_VBN  in_IO  French_NN1  in_IO  1928_MC  ,_,  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  this_DD1  category_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  strangest_JJT  items_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  preface_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  Tolstoy's_PPIO2  daughter's_NN1$  my_APP$  father_NN  (_(  Harpers_NP2  ,_,  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,  1953_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  original_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  semi-official_JJ  \0US_NP  agency_NN  in_IO  1953_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rehash_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tragedy_NN  of_IO  Tolstoy_NP  (_(  1933_MC  )_)  ,_,  written_VBN  in_IO  Moscow_NP  but_CCB  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  ,_,  after_IO  its_APP$  author's_NN1$  arrival_NN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  preface_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  is_VBZ  written_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  recriminatory_JJ  style_NN  evidently_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  its_APP$  bit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  war_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  spare_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  work_VV0  mainly_RR  during_IO  my_APP$  so-called_JB  free_JJ  days_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  tone_NN  is_VBZ  absent_JJ  from_IO  Alexandra_NP  Tolstoy's_PPIO2  own_DA  Russian_JJ  preface_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  betrays_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  real_JJ  modesty_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  disposition_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  alas_UH  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  save_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  class_NN  sentiments_NNS  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  repellent_JJ  for_IO  being_VBG  nai"ve_JJ  :_:  
    though_CS  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  house-servants_NNS  were_VBDR  severely_RR  flogged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  stables_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  became_VVD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  forgetting_VBG  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  serfs_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  serves_VBZ  as_IO  background_NN  painting_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  historical_JJ  perspective_NN  attempted_VBN  by_IO  writers_NNS  of_IO  intimate_JJ  biographies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  dating_VBG  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  literary_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Walter_NP  Scott's_PPIO2  historical_JJ  novels_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  similar_JJ  avoidance_NN  of_IO  historical_JJ  perspective_NN  in_IO  Professor_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0J_NP  Simmons's_PPIO2  Leo_NP  Tolstoy_NP  (_(  1946_MC  )_)  ,_,  reprinted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  Vintage_NP  paper-back_NN  (_(  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  book_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  wealth_NN  of_IO  factual_JJ  information_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  merely_RR  another_DD1  version_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  Tolstoy_NP  story_NN    .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  this_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  \0T_NP  Redpath's_PPIO2  short_JJ  study_NN  entitled_VBN  Tolstoy_NP  (_(  Bowes_NP  and_CC  Bowes_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  :_:  that_CS  its_APP$  author_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seek_VV0  to_TO  reduce_VV0  Tolstoy's_PPIO2  doctrines_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    views_NNS    ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  explained_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  psychological_JJ  biography_NN  .  where_CS this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  rely_VV0  heavily_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  past_JB  experience_NN  plus_IO  inferences_NNS  based_VBN  thereon_RR  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  carelessness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  marshalling_NN  and_CC  handling_NN  of_IO  such_DA  material_NN  it_PPH1  inevitably_RR  shows_VBZ  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  judgment_NN  made_VBN  about_IO  what_DDQ  one_MC1  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  discussing_VBG  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  contemplative_JJ  or_CC  speculative_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  so-called_JB  practical_JJ  knowledge_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  successfully_RR  hidden_VBN  behind_IO  contemplative_JJ  knowledge_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  even_RR  poke_VV0  its_APP$  head_NN  out_RP  to_TO  claim_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  separate_JJ  existence_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  there_EX  remains_VBZ  the_AT1  capacity_NN  itself_PPX1    the_AT1    know-how_NN      and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  suggested_VBN  ,_,  one_MC1  may_VM  call_VV0  this_DD1  practical_JJ  knowledge_NN  if_CS  one_MC1  likes_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  extremely_RR  misleading_JJ  to_TO  call_VV0  this_DD1  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  without_IO  observation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  definitely_RR  not_XX  a_AT1  case_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  know_VV0  without_IO  observation_NN  what_DDQ  others_DA2  can_VM  only_RR  know_VV0  by_IO  observation_NN  (_(  or_CC  by_IO  being_VBG  informed_VBN  )_)  ;_;  having_VHG  the_AT1  knack_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  something_PN1  does_VBZ  not_XX  put_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  ,_,  without_IO  observation_NN  ,_,  true_JJ  statements_NNS  which_DDQ  others_DA2  can_VM  only_RR  make_VV0  with_IO  observation_NN  .  
  simply_RR  knowing_VBG  how_CS to_TO  write_VV0      I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  fool_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  blackboard_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  can_VM  not_XX  ever_RR  put_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  writing_VBG      I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  fool_NN    on_IO  the_AT1  blackboard_NN  (_(  pace_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Anscombe_NP  ,_,  intention_NN  ,_,  \0pp_NNS  81-2_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  pursued_VBN  hitherto_RR  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  when_CS I_PPIS1  do_VD0  state_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  writing_VBG  something_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  blackboard_NN  my_APP$  statement_NN  will_VM  stand_VV0  or_CC  fall_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  observational_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  much_RR  concerned_JJ  to_TO  rebut_VV0  the_AT1  strong_JJ  suggestion_NN  that_CS  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  carrying_NN  out_RP  of_IO  an_AT1  intention_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  known_VBN  without_IO  observation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  weaker_JJ  suggestion_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  shelved_VBN  at_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  without_IO  observation_NN  are_VBR  our_APP$  intentions_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  might_VM  perhaps_RR  concede_VV0  that_CS  neither_LE  the_AT1  driver_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  example_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  the_AT1  man_NN  writing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  blackboard_NN  in_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Anscombe's_PPIO2  ,_,  could_VM  know_VV0  without_IO  observation_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  respective_JJ  intentions_NNS  were_VBDR  actually_RR  being_VBG  carried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  might_VM  also_RR  claim_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  the_AT1  persons_NNS  concerned_VBN  would_VM  know_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  intended_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  would_VM  know_VV0  this_DD1  without_IO  observation_NN  and_CC  quite_RR  independently_RR  of_IO  what_DDQ  actually_RR  happened_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  that_CS  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  intend_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  action_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  but_CCB  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  carried_VBN  it_PPH1  out_RP  quite_DA  another_DD1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Anscombe_NP  is_VBZ  loth_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  intention_NN  and_CC  action_NN  drift_NN  apart_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  discussion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  true_JJ  that_CS  traditional_JJ  discussions_NNS  have_VH0  given_VBN  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  a_AT1  false_JJ  independence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  indeed_RR  needs_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  emphasized_VBN  that_CS  actions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  are_VBR  necessarily_RR  intentional_JJ  .  
  making_VBG  a_AT1  telephone_NN  call_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  action_NN  under_IO  that_DD1  description_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  performance_NN  were_VBDR  intentional_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  such_DA  act_NN  as_IO  telephoning_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  conceptually_RR  isolated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  telephoning_VBG  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  some_DD  descriptions_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  can_VM  be_VB0  unintentional_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  use_NN  is_VBZ  derivative_JJ  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  as_IO  unintentional_JJ  offence_NN  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  intended_JJ  offence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  wary_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  regard_VV0  intentions_NNS  as_IO  causal_JJ  starting_NN  points_NNS  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  or_CC  as_CS  being_VBG  themselves_PPX2  mysterious_JJ  mental_JJ  actions_NNS  .  
  action_NN  and_CC  intention_NN  are_VBR  certainly_RR  not_XX  distinct_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  conceptual_JJ  inter-relation_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  intimate_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  without_IO  betraying_VBG  that_DD1  fact_NN  ,_,  consider_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  question_NN  whether_CS  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  intentions_NNS  .  
  even_CS  though_CS  descriptions_NNS  of_IO  actions_NNS  are_VBR  normally_RR  such_DA  that_CS  the_AT1  actions_NNS  under_IO  those_DD2  descriptions_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  intentional_JJ  ,_,  those_DD2  same_DA  descriptions_NNS  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  performances_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  actions_NNS  except_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO  such_DA  descriptions_NNS  is_VBZ  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  of_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS we_PPIS2  humanize_VV0  natural_JJ  phenomena_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  language_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS we_PPIS2  should_VM  not_XX  describe_VV0  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  clever_JJ  monkey_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  circumstances_NNS  as_IO    telephoning_NN    even_CS  though_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  regard_VV0  the_AT1  performance_NN  as_CS  constituting_VBG  an_AT1  intentional_JJ  action_NN  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0    telephoning_VBG    in_IO  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN      telephoning_NC2    in_IO  inverted_JJ  commas_NNS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  ;_;  we_PPIS2  should_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  using_VBG  the_AT1  word_NN  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  the_AT1  performatory_JJ  skeleton_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  fully-fledged_JJ  action_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  intention_NN  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  distinguishable_JJ  from_IO  mere_JB  performance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  cases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  cases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  furthermore_RR  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  only_RR  speak_VV0  of_IO  an_AT1  intentional_JJ  action_NN  under_IO  a_AT1  description_NN  like_IO    telephoning_NC2    for_IO  instance_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  both_DB2  intention_NN  and_CC  performance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  discussion_NN  so_RG  far_RR  could_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  stress_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  performance_NN  in_IO  action_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  consider_VV0  intention_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  argued_VBN  that_CS  knowledge_NN  of_IO  performance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  involves_VBZ  observation_NN  and_CC  inference_NN  ;_;  now_RL  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  consider_VV0  if_CS  observation_NN  and_CC  inference_NN  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  intend_VV0  something_PN1  .  
  consider_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  saying_VBG      I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0    in_IO  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  ,_,      do_VD0  you_PPY  ,_,  on_IO  an_AT1  average_NN  ,_,  take_VV0  longer_JJ  steps_NNS  left_JJ  foot_NN  forward_RR  than_CS  right_JJ  foot_NN  forward_RR  .    ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  answer_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN      do_VD0  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  cruise_NN  next_DA  month_NN  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  correct_JJ    yes_NC2    or_CC    no_NC2    answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  question_NN  whether_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  answer_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  otherwise_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  case_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  case_NN  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  there_RL  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  is_VBZ  ignorant_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  case_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  very_RG  odd_JJ  about_IO  saying_VBG  ,_,      perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  indeed_RR  intend_VV0  .  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0    ,_,  or_CC  saying_VBG      he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  intends_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  intend_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  you_PPY  must_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  intend_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  definitely_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  intend_VV0  then_RL  you_PPY  must_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  implication_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  in_IO  question_NN  is_VBZ  acquired_VBN  without_IO  observation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  a_AT1  fact_NN  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  longer_JJ  steps_NNS  left_JJ  foot_NN  forward_RR  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  bearing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  might_VM  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  might_VM  make_VV0  my_APP$  measurements_NNS  carelessly_RR  and_CC  get_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS I_PPIS1  intend_VV0  something_PN1  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  guaranteed_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  wrong_JJ  answer_NN  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  as_CS  though_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  know_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  intentions_NNS  independently_RR  of_IO  observation_NN  .  
  where_CS a_AT1  fact_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  strides_NNS  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  only_RR  known_VBN  by_IO  observation_NN  ,_,  others_DA2  may_VM  know_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  before_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  correct_VV0  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  claims_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  intention_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  very_RG  clearly_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  cases_NNS  where_CS we_PPIS2  make_VV0  a_AT1  decision_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  decide_VV0  on_IO  an_AT1  action_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  intend_VV0  to_TO  carry_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  others_DA2  could_VM  only_RR  know_VV0  this_DD1  by_IO  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  or_CC  watching_VBG  my_APP$  subsequent_JJ  behaviour_NN  very_RG  carefully_RR  ;_;  our_APP$  sources_NNS  of_IO  information_NN  seem_VV0  clearly_RR  different_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  difference_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  theirs_PP$  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  my_APP$  report_NN  ,_,  or_CC  from_IO  observation_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  mine_PP$  is_VBZ  not_XX  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  on_IO  our_APP$  hands_NNS  a_AT1  very_RG  puzzling_JJ  statement_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  indeed_RGA    a_AT1  statement_NN  which_DDQ  one_MC1  person_NN  (_(  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS intends_VBZ  )_)  can_VM  know_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  true_JJ  without_IO  observation_NN  but_CCB  which_DDQ  another_DD1  (_(  others_DA2  generally_RR  )_)  can_VM  only_RR  know_VV0  by_IO  observation_NN  or_CC  from_IO  my_APP$  report_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  one_MC1  may_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  doubt_VV0  if_CS  to_TO  state_VV0  one's_$  intention_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  state_VV0  a_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  certainly_RR  are_VBR  cases_NNS  where_CS expressions_NNS  of_IO  intention_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  performatives_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  statements_NNS  of_IO  fact_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  the_AT1  organiser_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cruise_NN  asks_VBZ  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  intend_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  explains_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  know_VV0  now_RL  since_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  others_DA2  who_PNQS would_VM  like_VV0  my_APP$  place_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  go_VV0  .  
  to_TO  answer_VV0      yes_NC2    in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  situation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  give_VV0  my_APP$  word_NN    to_TO  undertake_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sincere_JJ  in_IO  my_APP$  undertaking_NN  then_RL  it_PPH1  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  intend_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  unless_CS  ,_,  or_CC  until_CS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  intention_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  another_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  hears_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  circumstances_NNS  and_CC  asks_VBZ  me_PPIO1  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  true_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  still_RR  intend_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  .    
  then_RL  in_IO  giving_VBG  an_AT1  affirmative_JJ  answer_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  reassuring_VBG  him_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  interesting_JJ  point_NN  now_RL  is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  seem_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  intend_VV0  without_IO  asking_VBG  anyone_PN1  or_CC  conducting_VBG  an_AT1  observational_JJ  research_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  my_APP$  friend_NN  can_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  sure_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  without_IO  asking_VBG  me_PPIO1  .  
  to_TO  dismiss_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  peremptory_JJ  conclusion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  concept_NN  intention_NN  is_VBZ  would_VM  simply_RR  be_VB0  to_TO  abandon_VV0  our_APP$  philosophical_JJ  post_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  sketch_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  albeit_CS  very_RG  briefly_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  account_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  hope_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  applies_VBZ  in_IO  cases_NNS  of_IO  intention_NN  .  
  intention_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  suggest_VV0  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  term_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  applicable_JJ  when_CS a_AT1  certain_JJ  roughly_RR  specifiable_JJ  complex_NN  of_IO  conditions_NNS  hold_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  intention_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  debt_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  not_XX  describing_VBG  a_AT1  person_NN  as_CS  doing_VBG  anything_PN1  when_CS one_MC1  says_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  intends_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  owes_VBZ  ,_,  something_PN1  ;_;  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  when_CS a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  conditions_NNS  hold_VV0  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  themselves_PPX2  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  respective_JJ  statements_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  owe_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  bought_VBN  (_(  on_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  behalf_NN  )_)  something_PN1  from_IO  you_PPY  not_XX  having_VHG  paid_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  finished_VBN  paying_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  debt_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  otherwise_RR  abrogated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  may_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  to_TO  intend_VV0  something_PN1  are_VBR  not_XX  as_RG  simple_JJ  as_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  of_IO  owing_NN  and_CC  intending_NN  are_VBR  very_RG  different_JJ  in_IO  many_DA  other_DA  respects_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  are_VBR  similar_JJ  in_CS  that_CS  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  in_IO  debt_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  conditions_NNS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  mentioned_VBN  hold_VV0  ,_,  while_CS  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  intends_VBZ  something_PN1  is_VBZ  also_RR  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  certain_JJ  specifiable_JJ  conditions_NNS  hold_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  intending_JJ  person_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  main_JB  conditions_NNS  that_PNQS must_VM  hold_VV0  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  ascribe_VV0  intention_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  he_PPHO1  must_VM  want_VV0  something_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  using_VBG  the_AT1  word_NN    want_NC2    here_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  wide_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  breadth_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  indicated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  selection_NN  of_IO  instances_NNS  :_:      I_PPIS1  want_VV0  cake_NN  ,_,    to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  ,_,    to_TO  win_VV0  ,_,    to_TO  be_VB0  fair_JJ  ,_,    to_TO  be_VB0  straightforward_JJ  ,_,    to_TO  be_VB0  honourable_JJ  ,_,    to_TO  do_VD0  my_APP$  duty_NN  ,_,    to_TO  lead_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  life_NN  ,_,    to_TO  do_VD0  God's_PPIO2  will_NN  ,_,    to_TO  get_VV0  my_APP$  revenge_NN  ,_,    to_TO  hurt_VV0  so-and-so_NN    ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  but_II  a_AT1  sample_NN  .  
  controlled_JJ  desires_NNS  ,_,  wishes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  hopes_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  enough_DD  ,_,  neither_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  want_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  relevant_JJ  here_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  defined_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  brings_VBZ  satisfaction_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  want_NN  such_CS  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  does_VBZ  want_VV0  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  required_JJ  sense_NN  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ,_,  provided_CS  one_MC1  further_JB  condition_NN  be_VB0  fulfilled_VBN  ,_,  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  further_JB  ,_,  second_MD  condition_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  believe_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  and_CC  should_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  opinions_NNS  about_IO  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  succeed_VV0  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  explanatory_JJ  answers_NNS  that_PNQS one_MC1  may_VM  give_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  do_VD0  you_PPY  intend_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  may_VM  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  something_PN1  like_IO      I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM    ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  our_APP$  conditions_NNS  holds_VBZ  whereas_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  uncertainty_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  sometimes_RR  says_VBZ  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  go_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  .    
  here_RL  one_MC1  is_VBZ  sure_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  means_NNS  but_CCB  lacks_VBZ  the_AT1  want_NN  .  the_AT1  gathering_JJ  \0C_NP  \0P_NP  Snowstorm_NN1  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Wren-Lewis_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  story_NN  is_VBZ  popular_JJ  in_IO  educational_JJ  circles_NNS  :_:  
  in_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  when_CS a_AT1  lecturer_NN  enters_VBZ  and_CC  says_VBZ      good_JJ  morning_NN    no-one_PN1  looks_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  newspaper_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  advanced_JJ  technology_NN  when_CS a_AT1  lecturer_NN  enters_VBZ  and_CC  says_VBZ      good_JJ  morning_NN    ,_,  everyone_PN1  writes_VBZ  it_PPH1  down_RP  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  this_DD1  story_NN  told_VBN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  undergraduates_NNS  reading_VBG  humanities_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  reading_VBG  science_NN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  subtle_JJ  shift_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  frontier_NN  of_IO  educational_JJ  snobbery_NN  .  
  science_NN  ,_,  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  once_RR  considered_VBN  the_AT1  preserve_NN  of_IO  dull_JJ  ,_,  unsophisticated_JJ  people_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  scientists_NNS  staged_VVD  a_AT1  successful_JJ  protest_NN  against_IO  this_DD1  .  
  men_NNS  like_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Bronowski_NP  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Snow_NP  showed_VVD  they_PPHS2  could_VM  perfectly_RR  well_RR  compete_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  literary_JJ  men_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ground_NN  .  
  one_MC1  Oxford_NP  scientist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  late_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  Simon_NP  ,_,  went_VVD  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  scientist_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  history_NN  as_IO  most_DA  humanities_NNS  men_NNS  today_NN1  are_VBR  of_IO  science_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  Napoleon_NP  preceded_VVD  Julius_NP  Caesar_NP  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  heard_VBN  little_DA  about_IO  uncultured_JJ  scientists_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Universities_NPLS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  admitted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  scientific_JJ  truth_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  culture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  current_JJ  fashion_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  praise_VV0  scientists_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  broadmindedness_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  illiterate_JJ  .  
  today_NN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  technologist_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  humorous_JJ  deprecation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  really_RR  begun_VBN  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  two_MC  cultures_NNS    .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  technologist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  applied_JJ  scientist_NN  whose_PNQV$  aim_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  find_VV0    know_NN  how_NN"    for_IO  making_VBG  things_NNS  or_CC  working_VBG  things_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  actually_RR  more_RRR  in_IO  tune_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  science_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  the_AT1  term_NN  today_NN1  than_IO  the_AT1    dedicated_JJ  seeker_NN  after_IO  truth_NN    who_PNQS works_VBZ  on_IO    pure_JJ  research_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  mean_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  anything_PN1  wrong_JJ  with_IO  pure_JJ  research_NN  :_:  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  science_NN  works_VBZ  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  abandoned_VBN  the_AT1  classical_JJ  idea_NN  that_CS  seeking_VBG  truth_NN  means_VBZ  grasping_VBG  theoretical_JJ  principles_NNS    underlying_VBG    experience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  well_RR  made_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0BBC_NP  Reith_NP  lectures_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  scientist_NN  Robert_NP  Oppenheimer_NP  .  
  a_AT1  scientist_NN  who_PNQS discovers_VBZ  some_DD  new_JJ  physical_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  is_VBZ  often_RR  far_RR  more_RRR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  how_CS he_PPHO1  can_VM  use_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  measure_VV0  other_DA  things_NNS  than_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  with_IO  understanding_VBG  the_AT1  effect_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  modern_JJ  science_NN  finds_VBZ    truth_NN    ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  theories_NNS  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  testing_VBG  theories_NNS  against_IO  experience_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  essence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  method_NN  .  
  the_AT1  common_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  science_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  uses_VBZ  experiment_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  theories_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  long_RR  ago_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  philosophers_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  logical_JJ  impossibility_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  the_AT1  chance_NN  that_CS  some_DD  result_NN  may_VM  turn_VV0  up_RP  tomorrow_NN1  which_DDQ  disproves_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  theory_NN    and_CC  modern_JJ  science_NN  is_VBZ  built_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  fact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  reason_NN  why_CS modern_JJ  science_NN  is_VBZ  inherently_RR  progressive_JJ  ,_,  where_CS classical_JJ  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  revolution_NN  abandoned_VVD  treating_VBG  theory_NN  as_IO    truth_NN    and_CC  regarded_VVD  it_PPH1  merely_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  tentative_JJ  formula_NN  for_IO  doing_VBG  things_NNS    with_IO  the_AT1  implication_NN  (_(  utterly_RR  alien_JJ  from_IO  classical_JJ  culture_NN  )_)  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  by_IO  handling_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  live_VV0  and_CC  know_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  of_IO  immense_JJ  importance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  education_NN  .  
  educators_NNS  continually_RR  bewail_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  science_NN  students_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  absorb_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  time_NN  left_VBN  over_RP  to_TO  gain_VV0  any_DD  insight_NN  at_IO  all_DB  into_IO  other_DA  subjects_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  suggested_VBN  that_CS  industry_NN  is_VBZ  demanding_VBG  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  race_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  robots_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  in_IO  a_AT1  specialised_JJ  field_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  forced_VBN  to_TO  drop_VV0  learning_VBG  anything_PN1  else_RR  from_IO  sixteen_MC  or_CC  earlier_RRR  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gross_JJ  libel_NN  on_IO  technology_NN  ,_,  however_RR  :_:  the_AT1  real_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  overcrowding_NN  of_IO  science_NN  curricula_NNS  lies_VBZ  elsewhere_RR  .  
  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS knows_VBZ  little_DA  outside_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  field_NN  of_IO  science_NN  and_CC  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  outside_IO  science_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  useless_JJ  in_IO  industry_NN    not_XX  just_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  hard_JJ  to_TO  communicate_VV0  with_IO  or_CC  manage_VV0  other_DA  people_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  important_JJ  enough_RGA  )_)  but_CCB  also_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  technologist_NN  .  
  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  example_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  recent_JJ  experience_NN  :_:  a_AT1  recent_JJ  British_JJ  invention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  instruments_NNS  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  because_CS  a_AT1  scientist_NN  interested_JJ  in_IO  crystallography_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  yachtsman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  saw_VVD  an_AT1  analogy_NN  which_DDQ  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  seen_VBN  before_II  between_IO  the_AT1  crystal-measuring_JB  instrument_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sailor's_NN1$  sextant_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  technique_NN  for_IO  identifying_VBG  chemicals_NNS  was_VBDZ  neglected_VBN  for_IO  decades_NNS  until_CS  a_AT1  chemist_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  got_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  presenting_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  world_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  presenting_VBG  a_AT1  brief_NN  .  
  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  is_VBZ  happening_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  applied_JJ  sciences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  negative_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  inventions_NNS  are_VBR  held_VBN  up_RP  time_RR  and_RR  again_RR  because_CS  scientists_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  sufficiently_RR    men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN      silicones_NNS  and_CC  penicillin_NN  are_VBR  examples_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  scientists_NNS  whom_WPO  industry_NN  needs_VBZ  are_VBR  not_XX  people_NNS  ground_VBN  down_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  specialism_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  people_NNS  trained_VBN  in_IO  certain_JJ  basic_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  have_VH0  as_RG  broad_JJ  an_AT1  outlook_NN  and_CC  as_RG  much_DA  flexibility_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  reason_NN  why_CS scientists_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  being_VBG  trained_VBN  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  view_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  educational_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  geared_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  truth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  ,_,  rather_RR  unkindly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  teacher_NN  of_IO  classics_NNS  is_VBZ  like_IO  the_AT1  curator_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  provincial_JJ  museum_NN    his_APP$  only_DA  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  rearrange_VV0  the_AT1  exhibits_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  libel_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  classical_JJ  outlook_NN  in_IO  education_NN  certainly_RR  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  learning_NN  means_VBZ  the_AT1  mastery_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  intellectual_JJ  system_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  our_APP$  educational_JJ  system_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  dominated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  outlook_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  acceptance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sciences_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  adapted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  of_IO  inherently_RR  progressive_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  hence_RR  curricula_NNS  inevitably_RR  become_VV0  overcrowded_JJ  .  
  our_APP$  error_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  training_VBG  scientists_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  outlook_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  training_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  assumptions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  still_RR  unconsciously_RR  derived_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  produce_VV0  scientists_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  also_RR  human_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  something_PN1  far_RR  more_RG  fundamental_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  departmental_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  syllabus_NN  revision_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  schoolmasters_NNS  and_CC  industrialists_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  university_NN  dons_NNS  are_VBR  represented_VBN  (_(  although_CS  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  practical_JJ  first_MD  step_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  already_RR  long_RR  overdue_JJ  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  a_AT1  radical_JJ  revolution_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  whole_JJ  outlook_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  to_TO  recognise_VV0  that_CS  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  our_APP$  civilisation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  revolution_NN  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  implications_NNS  far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  technics_NNS  .  
  scientists_NNS  themselves_PPX2  often_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  understand_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  because_CS  their_APP$  training_NN  has_VHZ  so_RG  often_RR  been_VBN  dominated_VBN  by_IO    classical_JJ    assumptions_NNS  .  
  hence_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  bridges_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  gulf_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  cultures_NNS  by_IO  starting_VBG  from_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  by_IO  writing_VBG  histories_NNS  of_IO  scientific_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  often_RR  lose_VV0  their_APP$  readers_NNS  in_IO  masses_NNS  of_IO  anecdotes_NNS  without_IO  giving_VBG  any_DD  real_JJ  feel_NN  of_IO  science_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  common_JJ  characteristic_NN  of_IO  historians_NNS  of_IO  science_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  never_RR  treat_VV0  Galileo's_PPIO2  ecclesiastical_JJ  detractors_NNS  as_IO  anything_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  frightened_JJ  obscurantists_NNS  whereas_CS  in_IO  truth_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  perfectly_RR  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  refuse_VV0  to_TO  look_VV0  through_IO  his_APP$  telescope_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  assumed_VVD    as_CS  mankind_NN  has_VHZ  almost_RR  universally_RR  done_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  revolution_NN    that_CS  experience_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  unreliable_JJ  .  
  Galileo_NP  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  making_VBG  a_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  with_IO  very_RG  practical_JJ  consequences_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  Brecht's_PPIO2  play_NN  brought_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  whole_JJ  civilisation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  heir_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  choice_NN  .  
  understanding_VBG  science_NN  means_VBZ  understanding_VBG  that_DD1  choice_NN    understanding_VBG  that_CS  once_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  decided_VBN  to_TO  manipulate_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  just_RR  contemplating_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  your_APP$  basic_JJ  concepts_NNS  are_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0    matter_NN    and_CC    energy_NN    ,_,  since_CS  your_APP$  concern_NN  is_VBZ  with_IO    stuff_NN    and_CC    pushing_VBG  stuff_NN  about_RP      yet_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  ultimate_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  matter_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  must_VM  prove_VV0  ultimately_RR  interconvertible_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  two_MC  primary_JJ  practical_JJ  results_NNS  of_IO  science_NN    the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  how_CS materials_NNS  produce_VV0  their_APP$  effects_NNS  on_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  how_CS energy_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  stored_VBN  and_CC  controlled_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  understanding_VBG  science_NN  along_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  would_VM  put_VV0  applied_JJ  science_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  proper_JJ  perspective_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  might_VM  even_RR  go_VV0  some_DD  way_NN  towards_IO  providing_VBG  a_AT1  simplified_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  teaching_VBG  science_NN  to_IO  scientists_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  point_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  grasped_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  revolution_NN  in_IO  interest_NN  which_DDQ  Galileo_NP  made_VVD  is_VBZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  can_VM  and_CC  should_VM  spread_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  culture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  until_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  our_APP$  civilisation_NN  will_VM  remain_VV0  schizoid_JJ  .  
  defenders_NNS  of_IO  classical_JJ  culture_NN  are_VBR  apt_JJ  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  means_NNS  ,_,  ought_VM  properly_RR  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  subordinate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  humanities_NNS  and_CC  religion_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  ends_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  misses_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  vital_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  cultures_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  long_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  artistic_JJ  and_CC  humanitarian_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  culture_NN  are_VBR  dominated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  outlook_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  radical_JJ  distrust_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  seem_VV0  static_JJ  and_CC  powerless_JJ  in_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  derive_VV0  their_APP$  authority_NN  from_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  or_CC  enhancement_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  useless_JJ  trying_VBG  to_TO  humanise_VV0  scientific_JJ  education_NN  merely_RR  by_IO  grafting_VBG  on_RP  a_DA  few_DA    arts_NNS    or_CC    humanities_NNS    to_IO  school_NN  or_CC  university_NN  science_NN  curricula_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  atmospheres_NNS  of_IO    the_AT1  two_MC  cultures_NNS    are_VBR  even_RR  less_RG  easily_RR  mixed_VBN  than_IO  oil_NN  and_CC  water_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  a_AT1  revolution_NN  in_IO  outlook_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  and_CC  humanities_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  real_JJ  point_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  people_NNS  like_IO  Snow_NP  are_VBR  getting_VBG  at_IO  when_CS they_PPHS2  ask_VV0  for_IO  scientists_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  more_DA  part_NN  in_IO  government_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  technical_JJ  issues_NNS  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  fundamentally_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  attitude_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  absorbed_VBN  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  culture_NN  find_VV0  those_DD2  outside_IO  it_PPH1  alarming_JJ  because_CS  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  willing_JJ  to_TO  attach_VV0  more_DA  validity_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  fundamental_JJ  myths_NNS  than_CS  to_IO  evidence_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  new_JJ  men_NNS  want_VV0    and_CC  will_VM  have_VH0  ,_,  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR    is_VBZ  a_AT1  public_JJ  system_NN  which_DDQ  bases_VBZ  authority_NN  always_RR  on_IO  declared_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  good_NN  of_IO  persons_NNS  is_VBZ  demonstrably_RR  being_VBG  served_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  .  
  by_IO  Phyllis_NP  Graham_NP  .  
  learning_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  parent_NN  .  
  considering_IO  the_AT1  publicity_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  juvenile_JJ  delinquency_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  astonishing_JJ  that_CS  so_RG  little_DA  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  to_TO  remedy_VV0  its_APP$  chief_JB  cause_NN    the_AT1  bad_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  one_MC1  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  common_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  Christianity_NN1  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  shown_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  teach_VV0  a_AT1  mother_NN  to_TO  care_VV0  properly_RR  for_IO  her_APP$  children_NNS  by_IO  removing_VBG  them_PPHO1  from_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  sending_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_IO  prison_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  usual_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  women_NNS  accused_VBN  of_IO  persistent_JJ  neglect_NN  .  
  even_RR  on_IO  economic_JJ  grounds_NNS  this_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  treatment_NN  stands_VBZ  condemned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  a_AT1  mother_NN  in_IO  prison_NN  is_VBZ  *+7_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  home_NN1  *+7_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  contrast_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  the_AT1  fees_NNS  of_IO  *+4_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  and_CC  *+2_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  charged_VBN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  mothercraft_NN  training_NN  centre_NN  ,_,  Dundee_NP  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  and_CC  four_MC  children_NNS  will_VM  cost_VV0  the_AT1  country_NN  *+37_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  when_CS separated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  *+14_NNU  if_CS  kept_VBN  together_RR  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  efforts_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Scottish_JJ  society_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  cruelty_NN  to_IO  children_NNS  to_TO  secure_VV0  training_NN  in_IO  mothercraft_NN  in_IO  Greenock_NP  Prison_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  sound_VV0  excellent_JJ  in_IO  theory_NN  but_CCB  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  intimate_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  mother_NN  usually_RR  brought_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  child_NN  neglect_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mockery_NN  .  
  a_AT1  survey_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  admitted_VBN  to_IO  English_JJ  training_NN  homes_NN2  showed_VVD  that_CS  27_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  were_VBDR  feeble-minded_JJ  or_CC  worse_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  mothers_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taught_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  vacuum_NN  .  
  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  patient_JJ  showing_NN  from_IO  hour_NN  to_IO  hour_NN  how_CS to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  children_NNS  can_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  learn_VV0  anything_PN1  .  
  Sheriff_NNSB1  Christie_NP  of_IO  Dundee_NP  wrote_VVD  in_IO  1957_MC  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  universal_JJ  experience_NN  that_CS  mothers_NNS  who_PNQS neglect_VV0  their_APP$  children_NNS  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  ,_,  not_XX  through_IO  wickedness_NN  but_CCB  through_IO  incapacity_NN  and_CC  inefficiency_NN  .  
  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  opened_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  these_DD2  unfortunate_JJ  families_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  new_JJ  hope_NN  to_IO  many_DA  for_IO  whom_WPO  adversity_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  problem_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  law_NN  where_CS no_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  solution_NN  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  .    social_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  progress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  services_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  increased_JJ  expenditure_NN  ;_;  advance_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  more_RG  marked_JJ  than_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  plan_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  that_DD1  compulsory_JJ  primary_JJ  education_NN  will_VM  cover_VV0  all_DB  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  6_MC  to_IO  11_MC  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  registered_JJ  doctors_NNS  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  from_IO  84,000_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  plan_NN  to_IO  103,000_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  ;_;  hospital_NN  beds_NNS  will_VM  increase_VV0  from_IO  160,000_MC  to_IO  190,000_MC  ;_;  hospitals_NNS  and_CC  dispensaries_NNS  from_IO  12,600_MC  to_IO  14,600_MC  ;_;  primary_JJ  health_NN  centres_NNS  from_IO  2,800_MC  to_IO  5,000_MC  ;_;  and_CC  family_NN  planning_NN  clinics_NNS  from_IO  1,800_MC  to_IO  2,000_MC  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  envisages_VBZ  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  expansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  building_VBG  houses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  low-income_JB  groups_NNS  and_CC  industrial_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  slum_NN  clearance_NN  and_CC  acquisition_NN  of_IO  land_NN  for_IO  building_NN  purposes_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  programme_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  development_NN  works_NNS  to_TO  enable_VV0  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  themselves_PPX2  with_IO  certain_JJ  minimum_JJ  amenities_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  drinking_NN  water_NN  ,_,  roads_NNS  linking_VBG  each_DD1  village_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  main_JB  road_NN  or_CC  railway_NN  station_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  village_NN  school_NN  building_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  serve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  community_NN  centre_NN  and_CC  library_NN  .  
  financing_VBG  the_AT1  plan_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  envisages_VBZ  a_AT1  total_JJ  investment_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.10,200_NNU  crores_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  \0Rs.6,200_NNU  crores_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  sector_NN  and_CC  \0Rs.4,000_NNU  crores_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  .  
  including_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  outlay_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.1,050_NNU  crores_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  total_JJ  outlay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  sector_NN  will_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  tune_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.7,250_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  is_VBZ  basically_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  covering_VBG  basic_JJ  capital_NN  investments_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  current_JJ  expenditure_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  salaries_NNS  ,_,  subsidies_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  still_RR  contributes_VBZ  about_RR  90_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  India's_PPIO2  total_JJ  national_JJ  income_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  looks_VBZ  for_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  about_RR  51_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  total_JJ  investments_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  about_RR  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  58_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  respectively_RR  in_IO  public_JJ  investment_NN  and_CC  current_JJ  expenditure_NN  and_CC  about_RR  29_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  private_JJ  investment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  table_NN  gives_VBZ  some_DD  indication_NN  of_IO  percentage_NN  allocation_NN  of_IO  investments_NNS  :_:  
  external_JJ  resources_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  resources_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  difficulty_NN  arises_VBZ  in_IO  estimating_VBG  the_AT1  budget_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  .  
  considering_IO  foreign_JJ  trade_NN  trends_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  draft_NN  outline_NN  estimated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  export_NN  earnings_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  period_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  \0Rs.3,450_NNU  crores_NNS    an_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.690_NNU  crores_NNS  per_IO  year_NN  ,_,  as_CS  compared_VBN  to_IO  \0Rs.576_NNU  crores_NNS  in_IO  1958-59_MC-MC  and_CC  \0Rs.645_NNU  crores_NNS  in_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  balance_NN  left_VBN  for_IO  financing_VBG  imports_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  \0Rs.3,070_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  as_IO  against_II  this_DD1  ,_,  imports_NNS  of_IO  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  ,_,  intermediate_JJ  products_NNS  ,_,  food-grains_NNS  ,_,  capital_NN  goods_NNS  \0etc_RR  would_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  \0Rs.3,570_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  deficit_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.500_NNU  crores_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  about_RR  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  repayments_NNS  on_IO  loans_NNS  falling_VBG  due_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  period_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gap_NN  in_IO  India's_PPIO2  external_JJ  resources_NNS  would_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  particularly_RR  large_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  because_IO  of_II  heavy_JJ  repayments_NNS  falling_VBG  due_JJ  in_IO  these_DD2  years_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  gap_NN  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  narrow_VV0  in_IO  subsequent_JJ  years_NNS  as_IO  output_NN  from_IO  large-scale_JB  projects_NNS  now_RL  in_IO  hand_NN  become_VV0  available_JJ  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  machinery_NN  ,_,  equipment_NN  and_CC  other_DA  capital_NN  goods_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  imported_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  component_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.1,900_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  further_JB  essential_JJ  imports_NNS  of_IO  components_NNS  and_CC  semi-manufactures_NNS  will_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  about_RR  \0Rs.200_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  requirements_NNS  of_IO  external_JJ  assistance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  would_VM  thus_RR  amount_VV0  to_IO  \0Rs.2,600_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  foreign_JJ  aid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  foreign_JJ  assistance_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  promised_VBN  or_CC  under-written_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  launching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  :_:  
  ever_RR  since_CS  the_AT1  draft_NN  outline_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  government_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  conducting_VBG  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1    aid_NN  to_IO  India_NP  consortium_NN    (_(  world_NN  bank_NN  ,_,  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  \0U.K_NP  ,_,  Canada_NP  ,_,  France_NP  ,_,  Japan_NP  and_CC  West_NP  Germany_NP  )_)  for_IO  assistance_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  agreement_NN  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  in_IO  Washington_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  June_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  consortium_NN  undertook_VVD  to_TO  furnish_VV0  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.1,060_NNU  crores_NNS  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  half_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  requirements_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  .  
  with_IO  her_APP$  national_JJ  income_NN  and_CC  indigenous_JJ  resources_NNS  still_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  under-developed_JJ  stage_NN  ,_,  India's_PPIO2  foreign_JJ  exchange_NN  difficulties_NNS  and_CC  consequent_JJ  dependence_NN  on_IO  foreign_JJ  aid_NN  are_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  continue_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  given_IO  timely_JJ  assistance_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  faces_VBZ  the_AT1  future_NN  with_IO  confidence_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  draft_NN  outline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  declared_VVD  :_:  
    the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  payments_NNS  difficulties_NNS  the_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ  facing_VBG  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  or_CC  fortuitous_JJ  phenomenon_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  part_NN  and_CC  parcel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  development_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  excess_JJ  import_NN  requirements_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  from_IO  external_JJ  assistance_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  aim_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  progressive_JJ  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  imbalance_NN  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  eliminate_VV0  it_PPH1  within_IO  a_AT1  foreseeable_JJ  period_NN  .  
  reliance_NN  on_IO  special_JJ  foreign_JJ  aid_NN  programmes_NNS  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  steadily_RR  reduced_VBN  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  dispensed_VBN  with_IO    .  
  the_AT1  social_JJ  implications_NNS  of_IO  planning_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  analysis_NN  ,_,  planning_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  end_NN  in_IO  itself_PPX1  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  means_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  
  a_AT1  brief_JJ  review_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  expected_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  in_IO  education_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  essential_NN  of_IO  any_DD  social_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  another_DD1  important_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  advance_NN  is_VBZ  improvement_NN  in_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  sanitation_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  provides_VBZ  for_IO  an_AT1  outlay_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.25_NNU  crores_NNS  for_IO  social_JJ  welfare_NN  .  
  a_AT1  prominent_JJ  role_NN  is_VBZ  played_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  and_CC  state_NN  social_JJ  welfare_NN  boards_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  central_JJ  board_NN  itself_PPX1  has_VHZ  assisted_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  4,500_MC  voluntary_JJ  social_JJ  welfare_NN  organizations_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  seven_MC  years_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  priorities_NNS  recommended_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  include_VV0  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  intensified_JJ  measures_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  and_CC  treatment_NN  of_IO  juvenile_JJ  delinquency_NN  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  moral_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  hygiene_NN  programmes_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  suppression_NN  of_IO  immoral_JJ  traffic_NN  act_NN  ;_;  (_(  3_MC  )_)  aftercare_NN  services_NNS  ;_;  (_(  4_MC  )_)  prevention_NN  of_IO  beggary_NN  and_CC  vagrancy_NN  ;_;  (_(  5_MC  )_)  prison_NN  welfare_NN  services_NNS  and_CC  (_(  6_MC  )_)  welfare_NN  of_IO  physically_RR  and_CC  mentally_RR  handicapped_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  prohibition_NN  forms_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  item_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  governments_NNS  ;_;  several_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  took_VVD  intensive_JJ  measures_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  plan_NN  to_TO  restrict_VV0  drinking_VBG  in_IO  public_JJ  places_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  extend_VV0    dry_JJ    areas_NNS  ;_;  these_DD2  measures_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  further_RRR  intensified_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rehabilitation_NN  of_IO  refugees_NNS  from_IO  West_NP  Pakistan_NP  has_VHZ  now_RL  been_VBN  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  completed_VBN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  rehabilitation_NN  of_IO  refugees_NNS  from_IO  East_NP  Pakistan_NP  still_RR  remains_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  provides_VBZ  for_IO  programmes_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  ;_;  including_IO  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  ,_,  development_NN  of_IO  industries_NNS  ,_,  education_NN  ,_,  training_NN  and_CC  other_DA  schemes_NNS  .  
  work_NN  continues_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  Dandakaranya_NP  area_NN  project_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  to_TO  rehabilitate_VV0  displaced_JJ  persons_NNS  from_IO  East_NP  Pakistan_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  tribal_JJ  population_NN  .  
  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  movement_NN  .  
  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  achievement_NN  of_IO  planning_NN  in_IO  India_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  complete_JJ  without_IO  a_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  movement_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  extension_NN  service_NN  .  
  starting_VBG  in_IO  1948-49_MC-MC  as_IO  a_AT1  project_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  (_(    block_NN    )_)  of_IO  villages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Nilokheri_NP  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Punjab_NP  ,_,  primarily_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  resettlement_NN  of_IO  refugees_NNS  from_IO  West_NP  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  movement_NN  was_VBDZ  firmly_RR  entrenched_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  life_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1951_MC  .  
  on_IO  22nd_MD  October_NN1  (_(  Mahatma_NP  Gandhi's_PPIO2  birthday_NN  )_)  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  movement_NN  was_VBDZ  officially_RR  launched_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  undertaking_NN  in_IO  55_MC  selected_JJ  projects_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  covering_VBG  300_MC  villages_NNS    about_RR  500_MC  square_JJ  miles_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  about_RR  200,000_MC  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  programme_NN  covered_VVD  2,548_MC  blocks_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  339,518_MC  villages_NNS  (_(  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  558,000_MC  villages_NNS  in_IO  India_NP  )_)  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  173_MC  million_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  India_NP  .  
  as_CS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1963_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  covered_VBN  by_IO  community_NN  projects_NNS  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  plan_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.52.4_NNU  crores_NNS  for_IO  expenditure_NN  on_IO  community_NN  projects_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  amount_NN  allocated_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  plan_NN  was_VBDZ  \0Rs.200_NNU  crores_NNS  and_CC  under_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  plan_NN  \0Rs.400_NNU  crores_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  programme_NN  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    programme_NN  of_IO  aided_JJ  self-help_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  planned_VBN  and_CC  implemented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  the_AT1  state_NN  offering_VBG  technical_JJ  guidance_NN  and_CC  financial_JJ  assistance_NN    .  
  its_APP$  primary_JJ  objective_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  develop_VV0  self-reliance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  and_CC  initiative_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  community_NN  .  
  agriculture_NN  naturally_RR  receives_VBZ  highest_JJT  priority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  programme_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  mainstay_NN  of_IO  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  population_NN  .  
  among_IO  other_DA  notable_JJ  activities_NNS  undertaken_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  communications_NNS  ,_,  improvement_NN  in_IO  health_NN  and_CC  sanitation_NN  ,_,  better_JJ  housing_NN  ,_,  mass_NN  education_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  the_AT1  adult_JJ  literacy_NN  campaign_NN  ,_,  women's_NN2  and_CC  children's_NN2  welfare_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  cottage_NN  and_CC  small-scale_JB  industries_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  even_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  unique_JJ  movement_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  speeding_NN  up_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  democratic_JJ  decentralization_NN  ;_;  in_IO  1959_MC  the_AT1  government_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  delegate_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  progressive_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  responsibility_NN  for_IO  using_VBG  power_NN  and_CC  resources_NNS  for_IO  planning_NN  and_CC  execution_NN  of_IO  development_NN  projects_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  people's_NN2  elected_JJ  representatives_NNS  .  
  village_NN  self-rule_NN  has_VHZ  thus_RR  become_VV0  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  democracy_NN  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  a_AT1  \0U.N_NP  technical_JJ  mission_NN  which_DDQ  visited_VVD  India_NP  recently_RR  has_VHZ  declared_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    the_AT1  most_RG  significant_JJ  experiment_NN  in_IO  economic_JJ  development_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  Asia_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN    .  
  achievements_NNS  and_CC  prospects_NNS  .  
  India_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  not_XX  self-sufficient_JJ  in_IO  several_DA  respects_NNS  such_IO  as_II  food_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  machinery_NN  .  
  poverty_NN  ,_,  unemployment_NN  and_CC  illiteracy_NN  have_VH0  yet_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  mastered_VBN  completely_RR  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  common_JJ  man_NN  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  feel_VV0  relaxed_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  umbrella_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  surprising_JJ  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_CS  planning_NN  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  so_RG  little_DA  in_IO  its_APP$  first_MD  ten_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  in_IO  so_RG  short_JJ  a_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  which_DDQ  inherited_VVD  problems_NNS  created_VBN  by_IO  centuries_NNS  of_IO  foreign_JJ  rule_NN  .  
  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  India_NP  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  completely_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  elementary_JJ  articles_NNS  of_IO  consumption_NN    from_IO  needles_NNS  to_IO  locomotives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  tooth_NN  paste_NN  to_IO  heavy_JJ  chemicals_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  people_NNS  have_VH0  attained_VBN  virtual_JJ  self-sufficiency_NN  in_IO  most_DA  articles_NNS  of_IO  daily_JJ  consumption_NN  .  
  a_AT1  start_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  with_IO  health_NN  schemes_NNS  and_CC  sickness_NN  insurance_NN  in_IO  different_JJ  occupations_NNS  ;_;  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  is_VBZ  entitled_VBN  to_IO  state-aided_JJ  medical_JJ  care_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  railways_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  medical_JJ  scheme_NN  ,_,  so_PN1  have_VH0  the_AT1  banks_NNS  and_CC  large_JJ  undertakings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  realized_VBN  that_CS  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  people_NN  still_RR  live_VV0  in_IO  villages_NNS  and_CC  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  population_NN  still_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  agriculture_NN  and_CC  rural_JJ  industries_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  living_NN  .  
  by_IO  1965_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  dependent_JJ  on_IO  agriculture_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  60_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  urbanization_NN  will_VM  increase_VV0  accordingly_RR  ;_;  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  balance_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  established_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  agrarian_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  labour_NN  force_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  meantime_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  peasant_NN  derives_VBZ  many_DA  benefits_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  degree_NN  cushioned_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  calamities_NNS  which_DDQ  made_VVD  life_NN  so_RG  difficult_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  given_VBN  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  improving_VBG  his_APP$  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  lot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  peasant_NN  can_VM  get_VV0  credit_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  co-operative_JJ  society_NN  and_CC  most_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  assistance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  or_CC  training_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  implements_NNS  ,_,  seeds_NNS  ,_,  fertilizers_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  community_NN  development_NN  organization_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  relied_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  increasingly_RR  conscious_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  future_NN  depends_VBZ  not_XX  on_IO  his_APP$  moneylender_NN  or_CC  landlord_NN  or_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  officer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  system_NN  which_DDQ  extends_VBZ  from_IO  his_APP$  village_NN  to_IO  New_NP  Delhi_NP  .  
  Britain's_PPIO2  role_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  rule_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  blamed_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  shortcomings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  economy_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  and_CC  age_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  much_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  criticism_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  founded_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  British_NP2  created_VVD  the_AT1  framework_NN  within_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  India_NP  has_VHZ  become_VBN  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  legacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  civil_JJ  service_NN  forms_VBZ  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  efficiency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  machinery_NN  of_IO  government_NN  without_IO  which_DDQ  no_AT1  plans_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  implemented_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  respect_NN  for_IO  law_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  judiciary_NN  are_VBR  safeguards_NNS  which_DDQ  make_VV0  certain_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  India_NP  centralized_JJ  planning_NN  and_CC  political_JJ  liberty_NN  go_VV0  hand_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  .  
  today_NN1  British_JJ  money_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  play_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  economy_NN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  relative_JJ  decrease_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  British_JJ  investment_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  partly_RR  because_CS  investors_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  and_CC  Western_NP  Germany_NP  are_VBR  coming_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  field_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  net_JB  flow_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  amounted_VVD  to_IO  \0Rs.22_NNU  crores_NNS  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  three-fifths_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  net_JB  inflow_NN  of_IO  \0Rs.38_NNU  crores_NNS  during_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  .  Prague_NP  1961_MC  .  
  William_NP  \0W_NP  Simpson_NP  .  
  Prague_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  loveliest_JJT  cities_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  still_RR  unspoiled_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  ravages_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  warfare_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR    or_CC  so_PN1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1    a_AT1  very_RG  sad_JJ  city_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  city_NN  whose_PNQV$  scars_NNS  are_VBR  those_DD2  of_IO  a_AT1    cold_JJ    rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1    hot_JJ    war_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  much_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1    Ring_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  Market_NNL1  Place_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  City_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  find_VV0    sermons_NNS  in_IO  stones_NNS    was_VBDZ  almost_RR  irresistible_JJ  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Ring_NP  ,_,    stands_VBZ  a_AT1  magnificent_JJ  statue_NN  of_IO  Jan_NP  Hus_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Bohemian_JJ  reformer_NN  and_CC  martyr_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  1406_MC  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  stake_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  renounce_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  Constance_NP  had_VHD  judged_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  his_APP$  heresies_NNS  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  left_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Tyn_NP  Church_NNL1  ,_,  austerely_RR  Gothic_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  symbol_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hussite_JJ  reform_NN  movement_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  centre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Ring_NP  ,_,    stands_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  Baroque_JJ  Churches_NPLS  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  Prague_NP  bear_VV0  witness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  catholic_JJ  revival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  all_DB  .  
  linking_VBG  the_AT1    Ring_NP    with_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ultava_NP  river_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  modern_JJ  thoroughfare_NN  cut_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  formerly_RR  the_AT1  Prague_NP  ghetto_NN  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  ,_,  high_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  bank_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  stands_VBZ  a_AT1  colossal_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  Joseph_NP  Stalin_NP  ,_,  forever_RR  looking_VBG  down_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  Market_NNL1  Place_NNL1  where_CS the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  Jan_NP  Hus_NP  forever_RR  turns_VBZ  its_APP$  back_NN  towards_IO  this_DD1  twentieth-century_JB  exponent_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ideology_NN  which_DDQ  denies_VBZ  the_AT1  very_DA  foundations_NNS  of_IO  Judaism_NN1  and_CC  of_IO  Christianity_NN1  ,_,  protestant_JJ  and_CC  catholic_JJ  alike_RR  !_!  
  not_XX  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  ghetto_NN  remains_VBZ  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  buildings_NNS  were_VBDR  pulled_VBN  down_RP  a_AT1  generation_NN  ago_RR  by_IO  town_NN  planners_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  remained_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  Nazis_NP2  to_TO  destroy_VV0  its_APP$  inhabitants_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  five_MC  surviving_JJ  synagogues_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Pinhas_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  visitor_NN  may_VM  read_VV0  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  70,000_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  women_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  whose_PNQV$  end_NN  was_VBDZ  part_NN  of_IO  Hitler's_PPIO2  attempt_NN  to_TO  implement_VV0  the_AT1    final_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  problem_NN  .    
  of_IO  a_AT1  community_NN  which_DDQ  in_IO  1933_MC  numbered_VVD  some_DD  357,000_MC  there_RL  remain_VV0  today_NN1  only_RR  18,000_MC  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  these_DD2  many_DA  are_VBR  almost_RR  completely_RR  assimilated_VBN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  only_RR  of_IO  an_AT1  older_JJ  generation_NN  strive_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  alive_JJ  the_AT1  traditions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fathers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  become_VBN  virtually_RR  the_AT1  custodians_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  museum_NN  ;_;  paradoxically_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  Jewish_JJ  museums_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  for_CS  here_RL  ,_,  in_IO  Prague_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Nazis_NP2  collected_VVD  together_RR  ritual_JJ  objects_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  from_IO  Jewish_JJ  homes_NN2  and_CC  synagogues_NNS  throughout_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  eastern_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
    the_AT1  monthly_JJ  war-time_JB  return-sheets_NNS    wrote_VVD  Hana_NP  Volavkova_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  article_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  Jewish_JJ  Museum_NNL1  published_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  Prague_NP  Jewish_JJ  studies_NNS  ,_,    show_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  stores_NNS  grew_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  museum_NN  spaces_NNS  filled_VVD  up_RP  :_:  2,000_MC  Torah_NP  curtains_NNS  ,_,  4,000_MC  Torah_NP  mantles_NNS  ,_,  6,000_MC  silver_NN  crowns_NNS  ,_,  shields_NNS  and_CC  pointers_NNS  ,_,  40,000_MC  archivalia_NNS  from_IO  provincial_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  bare_JJ  figures_NNS  will_VM  show_VV0  the_AT1  numeric_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  collections_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  foundation_NN  stones_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  systematic_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  initial_JJ  stages_NNS  were_VBDR  quite_RR  modest_JJ  .    
  already_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1954_MC  the_AT1  inventory_NN  contained_VVD  120,000_MC  numbers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  Prague_NP  ,_,  not_XX  merely_RR  to_TO  visit_VV0  the_AT1  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  community_NN  ,_,  by_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  warmly_RR  received_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  attend_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  observer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  private_JJ  and_CC  unofficial_JJ  capacity_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  all-Christian_JJ  peace_NN  assembly_NN  .  
  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  preparatory_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  initiative_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  protestant_JJ  and_CC  orthodox_JJ  Churches_NPLS  of_IO  eastern_JJ  and_CC  south-eastern_JJ  Europe_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  assembly_NN  brought_VVD  together_RR  more_DA  than_IO  600_MC  Christians_NP2  from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  from_IO  almost_RR  every_AT1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  save_IO  one_MC1  :_:  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  .  
  threat_NN  of_IO  self-extermination_NN  .  
    the_AT1  assembly_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  held_VBN  ,_,    to_TO  quote_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  papers_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS   mankind_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  threatened_VBN  with_IO  self-extermination_NN  ,_,  since_CS  war_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  age_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  presents_VBZ  a_AT1  responsible_JJ  and_CC  sensible_JJ  possibility_NN  for_IO  solving_VBG  international_JJ  problems_NNS  .    
  its_APP$  main_JB  purpose_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  consider_VV0    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  particular_JJ  contribution_NN  of_IO  Christians_NP2  in_IO  this_DD1  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  this_DD1  contribution_NN  founded_VBN  .  
  how_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  both_DB2  to_TO  hear_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  communicate_VV0  God's_PPIO2  word_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  situation_NN  .    
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  ,_,  very_RG  pertinent_JJ  questions_NNS    far_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  so_RG  large_JJ  a_AT1  gathering_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  in_IO  so_RG  short_JJ  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  600_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  spent_VVD  only_RR  five_MC  days_NNS  together_RR  :_:  two_MC  in_IO  plenary_JJ  session_NN  ,_,  two_MC  in_IO  group_NN  discussion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  fifth_MD  in_IO  greeting_VBG  and_CC  taking_VBG  leave_NN  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  when_CS to_IO  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  imposed_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  manifest_JJ  shortage_NN  of_IO  time_NN  are_VBR  added_VBN  the_AT1  problems_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  diversities_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  at_IO  times_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  double_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  triple_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  interpretation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  readily_RR  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  assembly_NN  was_VBDZ  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  expect_VV0  definitive_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  .  
  certainly_RR  not_XX  of_IO  any_DD  claim_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  superficial_JJ  unity_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  ignoring_NN  or_CC  minimising_NN  of_IO  important_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  times_NNS  fundamental_JJ  differences_NNS  between_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  Churches_NPLS  and_CC  traditions_NNS  represented_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  intention_NN  ,_,  declared_VVD  Professor_NNSB1  Hromadka_NP  ,_,  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Comenius_NP  theological_JJ  faculty_NN  in_IO  Prague_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  opening_JJ  address_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,    to_TO  level_VV0  the_AT1  organisational_JJ  differences_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  diversity_NN  and_CC  riches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heritage_NN  and_CC  legacy_NN  possessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  Churches_NPLS  and_CC  their_APP$  members_NNS  .  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  here_RL  ,_,  among_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  that_CS  our_APP$  multiformity_NN  assumes_VBZ  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  meaning_NN  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  labour_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  in_IO  international_JJ  relations_NNS  ,_,  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  form_VV0  here_RL  among_IO  ourselves_PPX2  an_AT1  internal_JJ  partnership_NN  of_IO  trust_NN  and_CC  willingness_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  from_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .    
  criticism_NN  of_IO  Vatican_NP  .  
  the_AT1  principle_NN  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ    and_CC  unexceptionable_JJ  .  
  its_APP$  application_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_RR  easy_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  very_RG  soon_RR  became_VVD  evident_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  that_CS  those_DD2  coming_VBG  from_IO  countries_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  curtain_NN    were_VBDR  determined_JJ  that_CS  whatever_DDQ  else_RR  the_AT1  assembly_NN  might_VM  say_VV0  or_CC  do_VD0  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  condemn_VV0    colonialism_NN    and_CC    the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  Church_NNL1  .    
  already_RR  foreshadowed_VBN  by_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Hromadka_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  opening_JJ  address_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  strongly_RR  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  Archbishop_NNSB1  Nikodem_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  orthodox_JJ  delegation_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS in_IO  his_APP$  opening_JJ  address_NN  declared_VVD  that_DD1    the_AT1  Roman_JJ  curia_NN  ,_,  hypnotised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  absolute_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  papacy_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  by_IO  its_APP$  wordly_JJ  interest_NN  and_CC  connections_NNS  become_VBN  rooted_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  irreally_RR  (_(  sic_RR  !_!  the_AT1  quotation_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  translation_NN  distributed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  )_)  tied_VBN  itself_PPX1  up_RP  with_IO  imperialist_JJ  designs_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  still_RR  vulgar_JJ  and_CC  often_RR  hostile_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  masses_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  fighting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  ideals_NNS  of_IO  freedom_NN  ,_,  equality_NN  and_CC  brotherhood_NN  .    
  not_XX  surprisingly_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  scathing_JJ  and_CC  one-sided_JJ  attack_NN  produced_VVD  a_AT1  strong_JJ  resistance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1    western_JJ    representatives_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  resistance_NN  which_DDQ  there_EX  is_VBZ  reason_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  was_VBDZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  without_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  for_CS  although_CS  the_AT1    message_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  contained_VVD  certain_JJ  critical_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Vatican_NP  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  set_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  declared_JJ  intention_NN    to_TO  pray_VV0  that_CS  God_NP  may_VM  hold_VV0  us_PPIO2   and_CC  our_APP$  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  brethren_NNS  firmly_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  love_NN  and_CC  may_VM  guide_VV0  us_PPIO2   all_DB  to_IO  the_AT1  recognition_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  will_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  obedience_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  command_NN  of_IO  love_NN  and_CC  peace_NN  .    
  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wide_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  shared_JJ  concern_NN  and_CC  substantial_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  such_DA  issues_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  banning_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  tests_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    cold_JJ  war_NN  ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN    to_TO  fix_VV0  our_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  co-existence_NN  and_CC  constructive_JJ  co-operation_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  and_CC  groups_NNS  of_IO  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  living_VBG  in_IO  different_JJ  economic_JJ  ,_,  political_JJ  and_CC  cultural_JJ  systems_NNS  and_CC  traditions_NNS  .    
    mutual_JJ  condemnation_NN  ,_,    declared_VVD  the_AT1  assembly_NN  ,_,    should_VM  give_VV0  place_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  co-operation_NN  .    
  personal_JJ  contacts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  assembly_NN  lies_VBZ  not_XX  merely_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  formal_JJ  pronouncements_NNS  ,_,  important_JJ  though_CS  the_AT1  message_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  assembly_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  indicating_VBG  a_AT1  wider_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  agreement_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  issues_NNS  than_CS  many_DA  might_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  possible_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  meeting_NN  between_IO  people_NNS  from_IO  so_RG  many_DA  and_CC  such_DA  widely_RR  differing_JJ  situations_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  meetings_NNS  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  discussion_NN  groups_NNS  ,_,  where_CS ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  tendency_NN  of_IO  representatives_NNS  of_IO  certain_JJ  Churches_NPLS  to_TO  read_VV0  prepared_JJ  statements_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  beginnings_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  real_JJ  dialogue_NN  were_VBDR  noticeable_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  place_NN  also_RR  over_IO  meal_NN  tables_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  coaches_NNS  which_DDQ  transported_VVD  members_NNS  to_IO  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  other_DA  informal_JJ  ways_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  ignorance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  dispelled_VBN  :_:  I_PPIS1  vividly_RR  remember_VV0  a_AT1  meal-time_NN  conversation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  pastor_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  eastern_JJ  European_JJ  Church_NNL1  who_PNQS told_VVD  what_DDQ  a_AT1  great_JJ  surprise_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  discover_VV0  that_CS  Churches_NPLS  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  European_JJ  countries_NNS  had_VHD  any_DD  interest_NN  or_CC  played_VVD  any_DD  active_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  suspicions_NNS  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  mutual_JJ  suspicion_NN  that_CS  each_DD1  was_VBDZ  motivated_VBN  by_IO  political_JJ  rather_RR  than_IO  religious_JJ  considerations_NNS  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  Christians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  who_PNQS assume_VV0  all_RR  too_RG  readily_RR  that_CS  their_APP$  fellow_JB  Christians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  have_VH0    sold_VBN  the_AT1  pass_NN    in_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  terms_NNS  with_IO    communism_NN  ,_,    there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  who_PNQS suspect_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  brethren_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  are_VBR  knowingly_RR  or_CC  unknowingly_RR  largely_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO    imperialist_JJ  capitalism_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  foolish_JJ  to_TO  pretend_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  suspicions_NNS  are_VBR  altogether_RR  without_IO  foundation_NN  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  .  
  under_IO  whatever_DDQ  political_JJ  or_CC  economic_JJ  system_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  living_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  Christians_NP2  both_DB2  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  of_IO    the_AT1  curtain_NN    face_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  basic_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  how_CS far_RR  they_PPHS2  can_VM  ,_,  in_IO  conscience_NN  ,_,  travel_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  no_AT1  new_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  specifically_RR  Christian_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  old_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Maccabean_JJ  resistance_NN  to_IO  Antiochus_NP  Epiphanes_NP    and_CC  older_JJ  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  today_NN1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  confronting_VBG  Jews_NP2  no_RR  less_RRR  than_IO  Christians_NP2  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  at_IO  present_NN  seem_VV0  greater_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  apostles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Marxist-Leninist_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  dialectical_JJ  materialism_NN  openly_RR  attack_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  as_IO  religious_JJ  or_CC  superstitious_JJ  survivals_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  less_RG  serious_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  where_CS more_RG  practical_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  materialism_NN  are_VBR  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  undermining_VBG  the_AT1  very_DA  foundations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Judeo-Christian_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Christians_NP2  (_(  and_CC  Jews_NP2  )_)  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO    the_AT1  curtain_NN    face_VV0  similar_JJ  if_CS  not_XX  identical_JJ  problems_NNS  that_PNQS gives_VBZ  special_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  this_DD1    first_MD  all-Christian_JJ  peace_NN  assembly_NN  ,_,    and_CC  to_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS went_VVD  to_IO  its_APP$  making_NN  and_CC  that_PNQS will_VM  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  ,_,  flow_VV0  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  dangers_NNS  and_CC  difficulties_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  encountered_VBN  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  Prague_NP  deeply_RR  convinced_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  and_CC  firmly_RR  persuaded_VBN  that_CS  Christians_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  must_VM  take_VV0  this_DD1  eastern_JJ  initiative_NN  much_RR  more_RG  seriously_RR  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  prepare_VV0  themselves_PPX2  more_RG  effectively_RR  both_DB2  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  it_PPH1  affords_VBZ  and_CC  to_TO  guard_VV0  against_IO  any_DD  dangers_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  might_VM  give_VV0  rise_NN  .  
    better_JJ  than_CS  being_VBG  at_IO  school_NN  !_!    
  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  educational_JJ  project_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  results_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  book_NN    race_NN  ,_,  prejudice_NN  and_CC  education_NN  ,_,    \0Dr_NNSB1  Cyril_NP  Bibby_NP  throws_VBZ  some_DD  doubt_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  popular_JJ  view_NN  that_CS  young_JJ  children_NNS  are_VBR  free_JJ  from_IO  prejudice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  adds_VBZ  that_CS    this_DD1  attractive_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  childhood_NN  innocence_NN  scarcely_RR  corresponds_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  earliest_JJT  days_NNS  infants_NNS  are_VBR  imbibing_VBG  the_AT1  implicit_JJ  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  live_VV0  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  just_RR  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  liability_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  prejudices_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  environment_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  Christians_NP2  and_CC  Jews_NP2  has_VHZ  always_RR  regarded_VBN  the_AT1  broadening_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  and_CC  sympathies_NNS  through_IO  contacts_NNS  with_IO  different_JJ  religious_JJ  ,_,  racial_JJ  and_CC  cultural_JJ  groups_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  educational_JJ  programme_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  valuable_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Leeds_NP  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  programme_NN  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  reactions_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  rise_NN  .  
  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  July_NN1  12th_MD  ,_,  forty_MC  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  primary_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  teachers_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  synagogue_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  branch's_NN1$  secretaries_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  half-an-hour's_NN1$  talk_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  synagogue_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  symbols_NNS  and_CC  ceremonial_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  followed_VVD  a_AT1  period_NN  for_IO  questions_NNS  and_CC  answers_NNS  .  demon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  note_NN  on_IO  Max_NP  Weber_NP  and_CC  contemporary_JJ  sociology_NN  by_IO  Norman_NP  Birbaum_NP  .  
  Max_NP  Weber_NP  ,_,  born_VBN  in_IO  1864_MC  and_CC  died_VBN  in_IO  1920_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  generally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  of_IO  modern_JJ  sociologists_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  received_JJ  opinion_NN  is_VBZ  piously_RR  affirmed_VBN  ,_,  even_RR  by_IO  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  command_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  texts_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  sources_NNS  in_IO  intellectual_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  history_NN  is_VBZ  limited_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  Weber's_PPIO2  work_NN  has_VHZ  exerted_VBN  little_DA  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  sciences_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0USA_NP  is_VBZ  different_JJ  .  )_)  
  piety_NN  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  served_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  comprehension_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  point_NN  in_IO  re-animating_VBG  those_DD2  hobgobblins_NNS  so_RG  familiar_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  right-thinking_JJ  left-wing_JB  social_JJ  scientists_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  lamentable_JJ  (_(  if_CS  recent_JJ  )_)  isolation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_NP2  from_IO  continental_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  philistine_JJ  complacency_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  whom_WPO  complex_JJ  ideas_NNS  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  moral_JJ  equivalent_NN  of_IO  greasy_JJ  cooking_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  nervous_JJ  patrol_NN  mounted_VBN  on_IO  academic_JJ  boundaries_NNS  by_IO  minds_NNS  of_IO  pop-gun_NN  calibre_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  deficiency_NN  are_VBR  far_RR  more_RG  profound_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  affect_VV0  men_NNS  of_IO  honesty_NN  ,_,  talent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  vision_NN  no_RR  less_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  minority_NN  of_IO  pedants_NNS  whose_PNQV$  chief_JB  activity_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  celebration_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  short-sightedness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  omniscience_NN  .  
  Max_NP  Weber's_PPIO2  life_NN  work_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  desperate_JJ  encounter_NN  with_IO  Marxism_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  values_NNS  and_CC  explanation_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  Weber_NP  dissented_VVD    and_CC  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  treated_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  seriousness_NN  and_CC  respect_NN  .  
  in_IO  opposition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Marxist_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  ideology_NN  ,_,  Weber_NP  insisted_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  independent_JJ  role_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  in_IO  history_NN  .  
  contradicting_VBG  the_AT1  Marxist_JJ  notion_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  classes_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  that_CS  status_NN  groupings_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  .  
  challenging_VBG  the_AT1  Marxist_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  developed_VVD  an_AT1  original_JJ  conception_NN  of_IO  bureaucracy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  the_AT1  inter-relationship_NN  of_IO  society_NN  and_CC  religion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  protestant_JJ  west_NN1  ,_,  India_NP  ,_,  China_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ancient_JJ  Judaism_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  brought_VVD  a_AT1  vast_JJ  historical_JJ  perspective_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  of_IO  capitalist_JJ  society_NN  .  
  master_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  historical_JJ  particulars_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  his_APP$  immense_JJ  learning_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  generalisation_NN  .  
  endowed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  profound_JJ  capacity_NN  for_IO  abstraction_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  never_RR  used_VVD  abstraction_NN  to_TO  annihilate_VV0  the_AT1  uniqueness_NN  of_IO  any_DD  specific_JJ  historical_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  with_IO  bewildering_JJ  rapidity_NN  from_IO  methodological_JJ  prescription_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  sciences_NNS  ,_,  into_IO  specific_JJ  empirical_JJ  studies_NNS  ,_,  towards_IO  sociological_JJ  generalisation_NN  ,_,  and_CC    finally_RR    transcended_VVD  this_DD1  to_TO  construct_VV0  a_AT1  philosophy_NN  of_IO  history_NN  .  
  upon_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  contemporary_NN  said_VVD  :_:    
  with_IO  Max_NP  Weber_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  sciences_NNS  reached_VVD  their_APP$  highest_JJT  peak_NN    and_CC  promptly_RR  fell_VVD  from_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Weber_NP  attempted_VVD  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  synthesis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  by_IO  juxtaposing_VBG  the_AT1  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  trapped_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  antitheses_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  science_NN  resolutely_RR  positivistic_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sought_VVD  to_TO  break_VV0  out_RP  by_IO  showing_VBG  the_AT1  evaluative_JJ  bias_NN  intrinsic_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  approach_NN  to_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  insisting_VBG  upon_IO  the_AT1  inadequacy_NN  of_IO  any_DD  metaphysics_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  confronted_VVD  the_AT1  irreducible_JJ  data_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  :_:  power_NN  ,_,  conflict_NN  and_CC  anguish_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  somewhat_RR  clearer_JJ  why_CS Weber_NP  is_VBZ  so_RG  difficult_JJ  of_IO  assimilation_NN  to_IO  British_JJ  social_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  his_APP$  life_NN  work_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  alone_RR  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  genius_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  genius_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  historical_JJ  crisis_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  united_VVD  methodological_JJ  scruple_NN  ,_,  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  self-awareness_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  pessimistic_JJ  conviction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  impotence_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  science_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dilemmas_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  self-consciously_RR    academic_JJ    science_NN  ,_,  of_IO  political_JJ  liberalism_NN  ,_,  of_IO  modern_JJ  protestantism_NN  afflicted_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  German_JJ  form_NN  .  
  his_APP$  work_NN  gave_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  more_RG  universal_JJ  expression_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  coalescence_NN  of_IO  crises_NNS  has_VHZ  occurred_VBN  here_RL    yet_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  still_RR  await_VV0  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO    empiricism_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  come_VV0  only_RR  when_CS (_(  as_CS  happened_VBN  to_IO  Weber_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  )_)  the_AT1  usual_JJ  categories_NNS  of_IO  analysis_NN  dissolve_VV0  because_CS  the_AT1  institutions_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  refer_VV0  disintegrate_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  may_VM  understand_VV0  Weber's_PPIO2  work_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  supreme_JJ  instance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  intellectual_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  master_VV0  a_AT1  reality_NN  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  defy_VV0  practical_JJ  human_JJ  alteration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  Max_NP  Weber_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  for_IO  someone_PN1  raised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  English-speaking_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  style_NN  is_VBZ  tortuous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  most_RG  important_JJ  works_NNS  were_VBDR  until_CS  recently_RR  not_XX  available_JJ  in_IO  translation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  literature_NN  in_IO  English_NN1  has_VHZ  tended_VBN  to_TO  emphasize_VV0  his_APP$  methodological_JJ  writings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  at_IO  times_NNS  treated_VBN  these_DD2  out_RP  of_IO  context_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  Reinhard_NP  Bendix's_PPIO2  admirable_JJ  book_NN  on_IO  Weber's_PPIO2  general_JJ  sociology_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  have_VH0  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  and_CC  ample_JJ  guide_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  scope_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  thought_NN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Bendix_NP  has_VHZ  grasped_VBN  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  in_IO  Weber's_PPIO2  work_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  internal_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  its_APP$  alternation_NN  between_IO  abstraction_NN  and_CC  concrete_JJ  description_NN  .  
  given_IO  the_AT1  depth_NN  ,_,  complexity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sheer_JB  scope_NN  of_IO  Weber's_PPIO2  writings_NNS  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  Bendix_NP  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  congratulated_VBN  upon_IO  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  feat_NN  of_IO  compression_NN  and_CC  synthesis_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  much_DA  that_PNQS is_VBZ  latent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  texts_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  everywhere_RR  ,_,  faithful_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  might_VM  have_VH0  hoped_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  systematic_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  political_JJ  setting_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  everything_PN1  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  book_NN  .  
  (_(  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  young_JJ  German_JJ  scholar_NN  ,_,  Wolfgang_NP  Mommsen_NP  of_IO  Tuebingen_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  given_VBN  us_PPIO2   just_RR  such_DA  an_AT1  account_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  Max_&FW  Weber_&FW  und_&FW  die_&FW  Deutsche_&FW  Politik_&FW  1890-1920_MC-MC  ;_;  a_AT1  translation_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  desired_VBN  .  )_)  
  theory_NN  \0vs_IO  research_NN  .  
  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bendix_NP  volume_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  gives_VBZ  rise_NN  to_IO  some_DD  melancholy_JJ  reflections_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  sociology_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  plight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  university_NN  politics_NN  ,_,  to_IO  its_APP$  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  recruitment_NN  and_CC  expansion_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  curious_JJ  intellectual_JJ  atmosphere_NN  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  practitioners_NNS  breathe_VV0  ,_,  to_IO  their_APP$  penchant_NN  for_IO  universalising_VBG  minor_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  emphasis_NN  and_CC  to_IO  their_APP$  equally_RR  prominent_JJ  aptitude_NN  for_IO  ignoring_VBG  major_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  theory_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  opposed_VBN  to_IO  research_NN  ,_,  comparative_JJ  and_CC  historical_JJ  studies_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  set_VBN  against_IO  investigations_NNS  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  British_JJ  social_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  pure_JJ  science_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  invoked_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  applied_JJ  sort_NN  .  
  no_AT1  formulation_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  crude_JJ  ,_,  no_AT1  argument_NN  too_RG  tiresome_JJ  ,_,  when_CS these_DD2  embattled_JJ  knights_NNS  arm_VV0  themselves_PPX2  with_IO  cliches_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  (_(  paper_NN  )_)  Armageddon_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  mere_JB  outsider_NN  interested_JJ  in_IO  knowledge_NN  of_IO  society_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  pointless_JJ    but_CCB  an_AT1  insider_NN  can_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_DB  prophylactic_JJ    it_PPH1  prevents_VBZ  a_AT1  rigorous_JJ  and_CC  sustained_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  protagonists'_NN2  assumptions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  contending_JJ  approaches_VBZ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  cited_VBN  (_(  I_PPIS1  could_VM  add_VV0  some_DD  more_DA  ,_,  extending_VBG  to_IO  scholastic_JJ  disputes_NNS  about_IO  which_WDTI  techniques_NNS  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  in_IO    entirely_RR  hypothetical_JJ    investigations_NNS  )_)  of_RR  course_RR  contend_VV0  mainly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  disputants_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  debates_NNS  so_RG  sterile_JJ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  participants_NNS  either_LE  can_VM  not_XX  or_CC  will_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  occupy_VV0  vantage_NN  points_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  restricted_JJ  sort_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  so_RG  many_DA  intellectual_JJ  collossues_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  straddle_VV0  the_AT1  globe_NN  .  
  the_AT1  more_RRR  one_MC1  looks_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RRR  one_MC1  feels_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  thing_NN  which_DDQ  British_JJ  sociologists_NNS  need_VV0  is_VBZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  Weber's_PPIO2  work_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  one_MC1  historical_JJ  actuality_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  begin_VV0  by_IO  noting_VBG  that_CS  Weber_NP  was_VBDZ  fascinated_VBN  by_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  may_VM  term_VV0  the_AT1  demon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  .  
  in_IO  every_AT1  event_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  many_DA  historical_JJ  possibilities_NNS  were_VBDR  transformed_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  historical_JJ  actuality_NN    which_DDQ  in_IO  turn_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  new_JJ  possibilities_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  event_NN  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  susceptible_JJ  of_IO  interpretation_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  theoretical_JJ  contexts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  chosen_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sociologists_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  his_APP$  prior_JJ  assumptions_NNS  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  upon_IO  the_AT1  unique_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  .  
  but_CCB  only_RR  those_DD2  unique_JJ  properties_NNS  were_VBDR  capable_JJ  of_IO  altering_VBG  theoretical_JJ  assumptions_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  suggesting_VBG  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  put_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  Weber's_PPIO2  procedure_NN  sounds_VBZ  too_RG  much_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  crude_JJ  scientism_NN  advocated_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  who_PNQS see_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  sciences_NNS  only_RR  a_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  (_(  alleged_JJ  )_)  straight-forwardness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  sciences_NNS  :_:  hypothesis_NN  ,_,  deduction_NN  ,_,  induction_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  hypothesis_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ad_&FW  infinitum_&FW  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  what_DDQ  Weber_NP  meant_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  that_CS  interpretation_NN  depended_VVD  upon_IO  understanding_NN    a_AT1  seizure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  essentially_RR  human_JJ  components_NNS  of_IO  evaluation_NN  and_CC  motivation_NN  in_IO  social_JJ  action_NN  .  
  (_(  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  ,_,  Weber_NP  at_IO  times_NNS  came_VVD  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Marxist_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  practise_NN  .  )_)  
  more_RG  importantly_RR  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  Weber_NP  held_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  manifold_JJ  meaning_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  scientist_NN  could_VM  alter_VV0  his_APP$  definition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  event_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  Weber_NP  saw_VVD  sociology_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  social_JJ  sciences_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  as_CS  dialectically_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  reality_NN    even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  use_VV0  the_AT1  term_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  sociology_NN  represented_VVD  a_AT1  challenge_NN  to_IO  historical_JJ  materialism_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  resort_NN  ,_,  Weber's_PPIO2  efforts_NNS  were_VBDR  directed_VBN  to_IO  mastering_VBG  concrete_JJ  reality_NN  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  fullness_NN    a_AT1  fullness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  demonic_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  human_JJ  situation_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  exhausting_VBG  reality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  placid_JJ  and_CC  complacent_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  British_JJ  social_JJ  investigator_NN  supposes_VBZ  that_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  exhausts_VBZ  reality_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  striking_JJ  commentary_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  deficiencies_NNS  of_IO  imagination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  deficiency_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  less_RG  painful_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  common_JJ  amongst_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  sociologists_NNS  whose_PNQV$  own_DA  social_JJ  ideals_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  admirable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  book_NN  by_IO  Young_NP  and_CC  Wilmott_NP  ,_,  written_VBN  not_XX  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  market_NN  research_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  a_AT1  genuinely_RR  ameliorative_JJ  bias_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  point_NN  .  
  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  curiously_RR  non-critical_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  at_IO  face_NN  value_NN  ,_,  or_CC  very_RG  nearly_RR  so_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  statements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  informants_NNS  .  
  by_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  (_(  by_IO  capitulating_VBG  to_IO  one_MC1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  concrete_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  )_)  it_PPH1  tacitly_RR  conveys_VBZ  the_AT1  impression_NN  ,_,  not_XX  alone_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  interviewed_VBN  lack_VV0  depth_NN    but_CCB  that_CS  their_APP$  reactions_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  exhaust_VV0  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  possibilities_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  society_NN  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1    but_CCB  then_RL  it_PPH1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  stated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  judgement_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  society_NN  ,_,  positive_JJ  or_CC  negative_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  irreducible_JJ  sentimentalism_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  book_NN    as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  authors_NNS  suffered_VVD  from_IO  guilt_NN  at_IO  possessing_VBG  different_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  different_JJ  experiences_NNS  ,_,  different_JJ  horizons_NNS  from_IO  both_DB2  their_APP$  middle-class_JJ  and_CC  working-class_JJ  subjects_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  that_DD1  difference_NN  of_IO  perspective_NN  between_IO  authors_NNS  and_CC  subjects_NNS  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  pre-condition_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  departure_NN  for_IO  such_DA  social_JJ  criticism_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  book_NN  contains_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  refusing_VBG  to_TO  deal_VV0  ,_,  explicitly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  perspectives_NNS  the_AT1  authors_NNS  do_VD0  lose_VV0  their_APP$  chance_NN  to_TO  criticise_VV0  that_DD1  of_IO  their_APP$  subjects_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  equate_VV0  middle-class_JJ    friendliness_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  suburb_NN  to_IO    friendliness_NN    amongst_IO  the_AT1  working-class_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  their_APP$  own_DA  data_NNS  make_VV0  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  two_MC  radically_RR  distinct_JJ  psychological_JJ  phenomena_NNS  .  
  as_IO  for_II  their_APP$  conclusion_NN  ,_,  that_CS  an_AT1  informant's_NN1$  banalities_NNS  about_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  fireside_NN  represented_VVD  no_AT1  dangerous_JJ  dissatisfaction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  anything_PN1  but_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  restricted_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  Britain_NP  some_DD  long-term_JB  significance_NN  .  
  not_XX  having_VHG  worried_VBN  explicitly_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  findings_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  seem_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  highly_RR  conventional_JJ  notions_NNS  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  (_(  when_CS writing_VBG  casually_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  householders_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  partly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  refuge_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  monotony_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  work_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  artisan_NN  work_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  they_PPHS2  missed_VVD  a_AT1  serious_JJ  opening_NN  for_IO  probing_VBG  deeply_RR  into_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  hidden_JJ  relationships_NNS  and_CC  deprivations_NNS  that_PNQS affect_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  )_)  
  for_IO  saying_VBG  something_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  about_IO  family_NN  and_CC  kinship_NN  in_IO  east_NN1  London_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  relegated_VBN  to_IO  outer_JB  darkness_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  critic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  of_IO  community_NN  studies_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  these_DD2  remarks_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  rejection_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  enterprise_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  indeed_RR  of_IO  any_DD  lack_NN  of_IO  sympathy_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  colleagues_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  doing_VBG  useful_JJ  and_CC  challenging_JJ  work_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  suggest_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  like_IO  Max_NP  Weber_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  might_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  their_APP$  heads_NNS  .  
  notebook_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  frontier_NN  .  
  by_IO  Stuart_NP  Hall_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  now_RL  considerable_JJ  discontent_NN  brewing_VBG  about_IO  education_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  arises_VBZ  from_IO  many_DA  different_JJ  quarters_NNS    among_IO  teachers_NNS  and_CC  administrators_NNS  (_(  \0Cf_VV0  the_AT1  recent_JJ  controversy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  between_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Amis_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Petersen_NP  )_)  ,_,  academic_JJ  authorities_NNS  (_(  \0Cf_VV0  the_AT1  reports_NNS  of_IO  several_DA  recent_JJ  conferences_NNS  )_)  ,_,  parents_NNS  (_(  \0Cf_VV0  the_AT1  recent_JJ  \0PEP_NP  pamphlet_NN  ,_,  parents'_NN2  views_NNS  on_IO  education_NN  ,_,  3_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  and_CC  students_NNS  (_(  see_VV0  Oxford_NP  opinions_NNS  below_II  )_)  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  remains_VBZ  sweetly_RR  oblivious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  common_JJ  thread_NN  which_DDQ  link_VV0  these_DD2  different_JJ  aspects_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  two-tiered_JJ  ,_,  two-class_JB  structure_NN  .  
  luck_NN  ,_,  sweat_NN  ,_,  scholarships_NNS  and_CC  grants_NNS  may_VM  all_DB  provide_VV0  ladders_NNS  or_CC  switch-points_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  which_DDQ  young_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  may_VM  ,_,  at_IO  some_DD  point_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  education_NN  ,_,  shift_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  stream_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  ameliorative_JJ  measures_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  disguise_VV0  the_AT1  central_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  secondary_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1    high-road_NN    and_CC  a_AT1    back-door_NN    ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  standards_NNS  which_DDQ  apply_VV0  or_CC  the_AT1  resources_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  set_VBN  aside_RP  differ_VV0  ,_,  depending_VBG  upon_IO  which_WDTI  stream_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  ,_,  as_RG  sharply_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  in_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  our_APP$  provision_NN  in_IO  old_JJ  age_NN  .  Kenya's_PPIO2  frustrated_JJ  election_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  conference_NN  on_IO  Kenya_NP  ,_,  held_VBN  in_IO  January_NN1  and_CC  February_NN1  1960_MC  ,_,  opened_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  African_JJ  government_NN  .  
  although_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  provision_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  constitution_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  did_VDD  concede_VV0  an_AT1  effective_JJ  African_JJ  majority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  open_JJ  seats_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  common_JJ  roll_NN  franchise_NN  :_:  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  thirty-three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  against_IO  twenty_MC  seats_NNS  reserved_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  minorities_NNS  ,_,  Europeans_NP2  ,_,  Asians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  Arabs_NP2  .  
  besides_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Africans_NP2  would_VM  form_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  the_AT1  largest_JJT  unofficial_JJ  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  .  
  rumour_NN  had_VHD  it_PPH1  then_RL  in_IO  Nairobi_NP  that_CS  Africans_NP2  were_VBDR  being_VBG  granted_VBN  independence_NN  ;_;  from_IO  then_RL  on_RP  Uhuru_&FW  (_(  Swahili_NN1  :_:  freedom_NN  )_)  became_VVD  the_AT1  slogan_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  politics_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  1_MC1  March_NN1  1961_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  subsequently_RR  fixed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  announcement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poll_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  forthcoming_JJ  elections_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  regarded_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  would_VM  come_VV0  .  
  in_IO  consequence_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  twelve_MC  months_NNS  following_IO  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  mounting_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  of_IO  early_JJ  1961_MC  and_CC  culminating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  elections_NNS  which_DDQ  took_VVD  place_NN  between_IO  20_MC  and_CC  27_MC  February_NN1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  settler_NN  community_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  final_JJ  shattering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dream_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    white_JJ  colony_NN    to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  by_IO  successive_JJ  British_JJ  governments_NNS  and_CC  governors_NNS  of_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  to_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  betrayal_NN  of_IO  hopes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  also_RR  of_IO  their_APP$  constructive_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  Kenya_NP  .  
  thus_RR  one_MC1  settler_NN  cast_VVD  thirty_MC  pieces_NNS  of_IO  silver_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  leader_NN  Michael_NP  Blundell_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,  though_CS  this_DD1  provoked_VVD  Africans_NP2  to_TO  cry_VV0  :_:  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Blundell_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  vote_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  if_CS  necessary_JJ  .    
  could_VM  Africans_NP2  now_RL  exploit_VV0  their_APP$  success_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  as_CS  many_DA  saw_VVD  ,_,  unity_NN  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  1960_MC  the_AT1  Kenya_NP  African_JJ  national_JJ  union_NN  (_(  \0KANU_NP  )_)  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  ,_,  proclaiming_VBG  by_IO  its_APP$  title_NN  both_DB2  descent_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  proscribed_JJ  Kenya_NP  African_JJ  union_NN  which_DDQ  Kenyatta_NP  had_VHD  led_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Tanganyika_NP  African_JJ  national_JJ  union_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  set_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  monolithic_JJ  structure_NN  seen_VBN  as_CS  essential_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  fight_NN  for_IO  independence_NN  ,_,  from_IO  India_NP  to_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  curiously_RR  ,_,  in_IO  Kenya_NP  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  struggle_NN  not_XX  only_RR  against_IO  colonial_JJ  rule_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  against_IO  settler_NN  domination_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  unity_NN  soon_RR  dissolved_VVD  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  main_JB  reasons_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  two_MC  tribes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Kikuyu_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Luo_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  largest_JJT  and_CC  most_RG  densely_RR  populated_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  tribes_NNS  .  
  Cain's_PPIO2  actions_NNS  aroused_VVD  the_AT1  fears_NNS  of_IO  Abel_NP  :_:  the_AT1  tribes_NNS  of_IO  pastoralist_JJ  tradition_NN  drew_VVD  together_RR  to_TO  defend_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  forming_VBG  first_RR  the_AT1  Masai_NP  united_JJ  front_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Kalenjin_NP  political_JJ  alliance_NN  .  
  then_RL  these_DD2  two_MC  bodies_NNS  came_VVD  together_RR  with_IO  associations_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  agricultural_JJ  tribes_NNS  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1  Kenya_NP  African_JJ  democratic_JJ  union_NN  (_(  \0KADU_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  word_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  title_NN  indicated_VVD  a_AT1  rejection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monolithic_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  assertion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  party_NN  considering_VBG  and_CC  accommodating_VBG  diverse_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  party's_NN1$  formation_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  dislike_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  leaders_NNS  for_IO  Tom_NP  Mboya_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Kenya_NP  African_JJ  leader_NN  best_RBT  known_VBN    apart_IO  from_II  Kenyatta_NP    in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  America_NP  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  financial_JJ  support_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  raised_VBN  there_RL  for_IO  scholarships_NNS  to_TO  send_VV0  students_NNS  to_IO  America_NP  and_CC  for_IO  his_APP$  trade_NN  union_NN  activities_NNS  had_VHD  roused_VBN  fears_NNS  and_CC  jealousies_NNS  among_IO  other_DA  leaders_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  found_VVD  expression_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  conference_NN  :_:  Ngala_NP  and_CC  Muliro_NP  ,_,  later_RRR  the_AT1  two_MC  leading_JJ  figures_NNS  in_IO  \0KADU_NP  ,_,  expressed_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  press_NN  conference_NN  their_APP$  disapproval_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Mboya_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  press_NN  and_CC  television_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  delegation_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  its_APP$  secretary_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  Kenya_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  deliberate_JJ  attempt_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  leaders_NNS  to_TO  shut_VV0  Mboya_NP  completely_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  parties_NNS  .  
  whilst_CS  this_DD1  African_JJ  political_JJ  activity_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  minorities_NNS  were_VBDR  considering_VBG  their_APP$  position_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Ferdinand_NP  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  resigned_VVD  as_IO  Speaker_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  to_TO  defend_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  encouraged_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  to_TO  settle_VV0  in_IO  Kenya_NP  in_IO  reliance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  promises_NNS  of_IO  successive_JJ  British_JJ  governments_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  formed_VVD  the_AT1    Kenya_NP  coalition_NN    ,_,  a_AT1    movement_NN    ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  to_TO  appeal_VV0  first_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  but_CCB  then_RL  to_IO  the_AT1    minorities_NNS    generally_RR  .  
  unfortunately_RR  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Ferdinand_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  European_JJ  opinion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  'thirties_MC2  and_CC  'forties_MC2  ,_,  was_VBDZ  regarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Asians_NP2  as_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  opponent_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  coalition_NN  made_VVD  no_AT1  appeal_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  or_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  African_JJ  tribes_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS preferred_VVD  to_TO  form_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  union_NN  ,_,  \0KADU_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  framework_NN  of_IO  African_JJ  politics_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ready_JJ  to_TO  contest_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  open_JJ  seats_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  certainly_RR  been_VBN  favoured_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  constituencies_NNS  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  Kenya_NP  government_NN  working_JJ  party_NN  composed_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Secretary_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Attorney-General_NNSB1  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  pastoralists_NNS  formed_VVD  only_RR  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  six_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  thirty-three_MC  seats_NNS  were_VBDR  allotted_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  areas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  fifteen_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  60_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  represented_VBN  by_IO    \0KANU-tribes_NNS    (_(  Kikuyu_NP  ,_,  Embu_NP  ,_,  Meru_NP  ,_,  Luo_NP  ,_,  Kamba_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Kisii_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  disproportion_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  starkly_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  allocation_NN  of_IO  two_MC  seats_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Masai_NP  and_CC  four_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  Kikuyu_NP  ,_,  with_IO  populations_NNS  respectively_RR  of_IO  60,288_MC  and_CC  1,026,341_MC  (_(  1948_MC  census_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  latest_JJT  available_JJ  )_)  ;_;  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  administrator's_NN1$  favouring_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Masai_NP  and_CC  another_DD1  punishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rebellious_JJ  Kikuyu_NP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  observed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Luo_NP  ,_,  with_IO  757,043_MC  (_(  1948_MC  )_)  ,_,  received_VVD  only_RR  three_MC  seats_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  Masai_NP  .  
  yet_RR  when_CS the_AT1  working_JJ  party_NN  report_NN  was_VBDZ  debated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  the_AT1  African_JJ  elected_JJ  members_NNS  made_VBN  little_DA  comment_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  in_IO  introducing_VBG  the_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  placed_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  defensive_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  if_CS  more_DA  seats_NNS  were_VBDR  claimed_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  area_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  another_DD1  .  
  tribal_JJ  jealousies_NNS  prevented_VVD  any_DD  effective_JJ  reply_NN  .  
  as_CS  1960_MC  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  events_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  increased_VVD  profoundly_RR  the_AT1  fears_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1  minorities_NNS  of_IO  Kenya_NP  for_IO  their_APP$  future_NN  an_AT1  independent_JJ  African_JJ  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flight_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  *+1_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  month_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  conference_NN  ,_,  continued_VVD  so_RG  steadily_RR  that_CS  in_IO  September_NN1  \0KANU_NP  leaders_NNS    the_AT1  president_NN  ,_,  Gichuru_NP  ,_,  and_CC  secretary_NN  ,_,  Mboya_NP    sought_VVD  to_TO  reassure_VV0  foreign_JJ  investors_NNS  by_IO  moderate_JJ  statements_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  even_RR  there_RL  they_PPHS2  remained_VVD  firm_JJ  on_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  :_:  Kenyatta_NP  ,_,  regarded_VBN  by_IO  Kenya_NP  Africans_NP2  as_IO  the_AT1  father_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  nationalism_NN  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  released_VBN  .  
  to_IO  Europeans_NP2  ,_,  government_NN  officials_NNS  and_CC  settlers_NNS  alike_RR  ,_,  Kenyatta_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  governor_NN  described_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,    a_AT1  leader_NN  to_IO  darkness_NN  and_CC  death_NN    .  
  here_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  governor_NN  and_CC  \0KANU_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  situation_NN  which_DDQ  became_VVD  worse_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  pressures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  moderation_NN  of_IO  \0KANU's_PPIO2  election_NN  manifesto_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  land_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  overthrown_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  pressure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  extreme_JJ  nationalist_JJ  opinion_NN  .  
  Gichuru_NP  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  as_CS  saying_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  \0KANU_NP  meeting_NN  in_IO  November_NN1  :_:  
    after_IO  Uhuru_&FW  Europeans_NP2  and_CC  Asians_NP2  will_VM  kneel_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  moderation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  for_IO  Kenya_NP  leaders_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  but_CCB  not_XX  in_IO  Kenya_NP  ;_;  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  no_RR  less_RG  true_JJ  of_IO  Africans_NP2  than_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  of_IO  Europeans_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  effective_JJ  leadership_NN  in_IO  \0KANU_NP  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  extreme_JJ  Oginga_NP  Odinga_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Luo_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  since_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  of_IO  Kenyatta_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  release_NN  .  
  Odinga_NP  became_VVD  even_RR  less_RG  popular_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  when_CS in_IO  August-September_NN1  1960_MC  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  off_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  curtain_NN  ,_,  returning_VBG  with_IO  favourable_JJ  impressions_NNS  of_IO  Chinese_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  communist_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  Luo_NP  tribal_JJ  nationalist_NN  is_VBZ  debatable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  certainly_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  much_DA  money_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  formidable_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coming_JJ  election_NN  campaign_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  this_DD1  from_IO  friends_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  his_APP$  return_NN  imported_VVD  the_AT1  politics_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  war_NN  into_IO  \0KANU_NP  ,_,  for_CS  Odinga_NP  and_CC  Mboya_NP  were_VBDR  soon_RR  being_VBG  attacked_VBN  as_IO  stooges_NNS  of_IO  ,_,  respectively_RR  ,_,  Sino-Soviet_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  imperialism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  long_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  leaders'_NN2  quarrels_NNS  reached_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  infect_VV0  and_CC  divide_VV0  the_AT1  branches_NNS  of_IO  \0KANU_NP  across_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  resembled_VVD  in_IO  no_AT1  respect_NN  the_AT1  monolithic_JJ  organization_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  set_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  these_DD2  quarrels_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  link_NN  of_IO  Odinga_NP  with_IO  communism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  naturally_RR  outspoken_JJ  remarks_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  served_VVD  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  allay_VV0  European_JJ  fears_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  more_RG  difficult_JJ  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  Michael_NP  Blundell's_PPIO2  new_JJ  Kenya_NP  party_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  sought_VVD  to_TO  persuade_VV0  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  with_IO  Africans_NP2  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  future_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  co-operation_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  Kenya_NP  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  had_VHD  originated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  as_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Kenya_NP  group_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  multi-racial_JJ  membership_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  appeal_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  communities_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  Asian_JJ  and_CC  African_JJ  members_NNS  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  under_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  multi-racial_JJ  banner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  found_VVD  themselves_PPX2  left_VVD  alone_JJ  to_TO  appeal_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  electorate_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Kenya_NP  party_NN  .  
  at_IO  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  had_VHD  insisted_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  roll_NN  elections_NNS  adopted_VBN  in_IO  Tanganyika_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  candidates_NNS  should_VM  first_RR  show_VV0  some_DD  basis_NN  of_IO  support_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  community_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  primary_JJ  election_NN  .  
  the_AT1  working_JJ  party_NN  fixed_VVD  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  votes_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  qualifying_JJ  figure_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  before_IO  proceeding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  roll_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Europeans_NP2  clearly_RR  showed_VVD  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  racial_JJ  co-operation_NN  :_:  three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  \0N.K.P.'s_PPIO2  candidates_NNS  failed_VVD  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  whilst_CS  their_APP$  leader_NN  only_RR  scraped_VVD  through_RP  with_IO  26.7_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  Blundell's_PPIO2  image_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  successfully_RR  projected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  coalition_NN  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO    a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  many_DA  voices_NNS  .  a_AT1  politician_NN    ,_,  whom_WPO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  trust_VV0  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  announcement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  primary_NN  results_NNS  Sir_NNSB1  Ferdinand_NP  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  could_VM  justifiably_RR  claim_VV0  an_AT1  outstanding_JJ  triumph_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  Kenya's_PPIO2  new_JJ  constitution_NN  established_VBN  at_IO  Lancaster_NP  House_NNL1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  common_JJ  roll_NN  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  mass_NN  African_JJ  vote_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  prove_VV0  decisive_JJ  .  
  would_VM  Sir_NNSB1  Ferdinand's_PPIO2  be_VB0  a_AT1  Pyrrhic_JJ  victory_NN  .  
  any_DD  doubts_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  at_IO  rest_NN  when_CS leaders_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  \0KANU_NP  and_CC  \0KADU_NP  refused_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  invited_VVD  them_PPHO1  for_IO  discussions_NNS  saying_VBG  they_PPHS2  should_VM  respect_VV0  European_JJ  wishes_NNS  to_TO  build_VV0  confidence_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  approaches_NNS  were_VBDR  rejected_VBN  with_IO  contumely_NN  ,_,  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  being_VBG  called_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  pains_NNS    a_AT1  European_JJ  tribalist_NN    .  
  then_RL  began_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  interesting_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  European_JJ  leaders_NNS  ,_,  Blundell_NP  and_CC  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  ,_,  competed_VVD  for_IO  African_JJ  votes_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  African_JJ  parties_NNS  proclaimed_VVD  support_NN  for_IO  Blundell_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0KANU's_PPIO2  president_NN  ,_,  Gichuru_NP  ,_,  spoke_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  behalf_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  division_NN  in_IO  \0KANU_NP  became_VVD  evident_JJ  here_RL  too_RR  .  
  Odinga_NP  announced_VVD  that_CS  \0KANU's_PPIO2  governing_JJ  council_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  consulted_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  support_VV0  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    at_RR  least_RR  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Ferdinand_NP  Cavendish-Bentinck_NP  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  where_CS we_PPIS2  stand_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Blundell_NP  gets_VBZ  his_APP$  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  office_NN  .  .  
  better_JJ  the_AT1  enemy_NN  you_PPY  know_VV0  than_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  the_AT1  intervention_NN  of_IO  Odinga's_PPIO2  supporters_NNS  had_VHD  little_DA  effect_NN  ;_;  Blundell_NP  was_VBDZ  returned_VBN  with_IO  overwhelming_JJ  African_JJ  support_NN  .  
  back_RP  went_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  legislative_JJ  council_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  vote_NN  ,_,  all_DB  his_APP$  surviving_JJ  candidates_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  primary_NN  stage_NN  ,_,  except_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RR  discouraged_VBN  by_IO  only_RR  narrowly_RR  scraping_VBG  by_RP  (_(  with_IO  28.01_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  to_TO  campaign_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  European_JJ  feeling_NN  against_IO  Blundell_NP  was_VBDZ  such_DA  that_CS  he_PPHO1  almost_RR  went_VVD  into_IO  hiding_NN  for_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  ,_,  not_XX  daring_VBG  to_TO  visit_VV0  leading_JJ  European_JJ  clubs_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  leading_JJ  supporter_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  assaulted_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  been_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  seats_NNS  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  real_JJ  surprises_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  Kenya_NP  African_JJ  politics_NN  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO    one-party_JB  tribes_NNS    .  
  since_CS  individual_JJ  tribes_NNS  were_VBDR  committed_VBN  to_IO  either_LE  \0KANU_NP  or_CC  \0KADU_NP  ,_,  all_DB  that_PNQS remained_VVD  of_IO  any_DD  real_JJ  interest_NN  was_VBDZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  official_JJ  party_NN  candidates_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1    party-independents_NNS    would_VM  win_VV0  .  
  as_CS  these_DD2  latter_DA  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  respective_JJ  parties_NNS  to_TO  join_VV0  their_APP$  parliamentary_JJ  groups_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  relationship_NN  of_IO  party_NN  to_IO  seats_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  forecast_VBN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  exactly_RR  fulfilled_VBN  :_:  19_MC  \0KANU_NP  ,_,  11_MC  \0KADU_NP  ,_,  and_CC  3_MC  independents_NNS  .  the_AT1  new_JJ  divinity_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Julian_NP  Huxley_NP  .  
    why_CS are_VBR  these_DD2  strange_JJ  souls_NNS  born_VBN  everywhere_RR  today_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  hearts_NNS  that_PNQS Christianity_NN1  can_VM  not_XX  satisfy_VV0  .    ,_,  asked_VVD  \0W_NP  \0B_NP  Yeats_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Christianity_NN1  does_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  add_VV0  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  satisfy_VV0  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  so_PN1  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  particular_JJ  brand_NN  of_IO  religion_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  related_VBN  or_CC  relevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  of_IO  existence_NN  as_CS  revealed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  march_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  but_CCB  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  ask_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  by_IO  a_AT1  religion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  religion_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  organ_NN  of_IO  man_NN  in_IO  society_NN  which_DDQ  helps_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  destiny_NN    his_APP$  place_NN  and_CC  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  universe_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  always_RR  involves_VBZ  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  sacredness_NN  or_CC  mystery_NN  and_CC  of_IO  participation_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  continuing_JJ  enterprise_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  evil_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  what_DDQ  transcends_VBZ  the_AT1  individual_JJ  self_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  and_CC  present_JJ  facts_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  day_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  always_RR  has_VHZ  some_DD  framework_NN  of_IO  beliefs_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  code_NN  of_IO  ethics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  system_NN  of_IO  expression_NN    what_DDQ  are_VBR  usually_RR  called_VBN  a_AT1  theology_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  morality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  ritual_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  look_VV0  closely_RR  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  beliefs_NNS  largely_RR  determine_VV0  both_DB2  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  code_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ritual_NN  .  
  the_AT1  theological_JJ  framework_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  Christianity_NN1  is_VBZ  supported_VBN  includes_VBZ  as_IO  its_APP$  centre_NN  the_AT1  basic_JJ  belief_NN  of_IO  all_DB  theistic_JJ  religions_NNS    belief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  supernatural_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  god_NN  or_CC  gods_NNS  ,_,  supernatural_JJ  beings_NNS  endowed_VBN  with_IO  properties_NNS  of_IO  knowing_VBG  ,_,  feeling_VBG  and_CC  willing_VBG  akin_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  personality_NN  .  
  in_IO  Christian_JJ  theology_NN  ,_,  God_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  being_NN  who_PNQS created_VVD  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  man_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  date_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  (_(  until_CS  recently_RR  specified_VBN  as_IO  4004_MC  \0B.C_RR  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  essentially_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  form_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  today_NN1  ;_;  a_AT1  ruler_NN  capable_JJ  of_IO  producing_VBG  miracles_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  influencing_VBG  natural_JJ  events_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  events_NNS  in_IO  human_JJ  minds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  conversely_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  influenced_VBN  by_IO  man's_NN1$  prayers_NNS  and_CC  responding_VBG  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Christianity_NN1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  last_DA  judgment_NN  by_IO  God_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  but_CCB  unspecified_JJ  future_JB  date_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  eternal_JJ  life_NN  after_IO  death_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  supernatural_JJ  realm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  makes_VBZ  salvation_NN  through_IO  belief_NN  its_APP$  central_JJ  aim_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  of_IO  man_NN  and_CC  original_JJ  sin_NN  ,_,  that_CS  its_APP$  code_NN  of_IO  morals_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  commanded_VBN  by_IO  God_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  all_DB  mankind_NN  is_VBZ  descended_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  couple_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  asserts_VBZ  a_AT1  partial_JJ  polytheism_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trinity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gives_VBZ  full_JJ  rein_NN  to_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  students_NNS  of_IO  comparative_JJ  religion_NN  call_VV0  polydaimonism_NN  by_IO  its_APP$  belief_NN  in_IO  angels_NNS  ,_,  saints_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  virgin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  grant_VV0  human_JJ  prayers_NNS  .  
  officially_RR  it_PPH1  still_RR  believes_VBZ  in_IO  hell_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  devil_NN  and_CC  other_DA  evil_JJ  supernatural_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  these_DD2  beliefs_NNS  are_VBR  rapidly_RR  fading_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  belief_NN  in_IO  divine_JJ  revelation_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  historical_JJ  reality_NN  of_IO  supernatural_JJ  events_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  incarnation_NN  and_CC  resurrection_NN  of_IO  Jesus_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  person_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trinity_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  claims_VBZ  or_CC  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  other_DA  religions_NNS  are_VBR  false_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  only_RR  Christianity_NN1  (_(  or_CC  only_RR  one_MC1  brand_NN  of_IO  Christianity_NN1  )_)  is_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  occupies_VBZ  a_AT1  central_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  divine_JJ  scheme_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  God_NP  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  omnipotent_JJ  ,_,  omniscient_JJ  and_CC  omnibenevolent_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  concern_NN  with_IO  man's_NN1$  salvation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  system_NN  of_IO  beliefs_NNS  is_VBZ  quite_RR  unacceptable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  contradicted_VBN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  in_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  by_IO  our_APP$  extended_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cosmos_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  solar_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  planet_NN  ,_,  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  species_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  our_APP$  individual_JJ  selves_NNS  .  
  Christianity_NN1  is_VBZ  dogmatic_JJ  ,_,  dualistic_JJ  and_CC  essentially_RR  geocentric_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  reality_NN  which_DDQ  sees_VBZ  the_AT1  universe_NN  as_CS  static_JJ  ,_,  short-lived_JJ  ,_,  small_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ruled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  supernatural_JJ  personal_JJ  being_NN  .  
  the_AT1  vision_NN  we_PPIS2  now_RL  possess_VV0  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  patient_JJ  and_CC  imaginative_JJ  labours_NNS  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  physicists_NNS  ,_,  chemists_NNS  ,_,  biologists_NNS  ,_,  psychologists_NNS  ,_,  anthropologists_NNS  ,_,  archaeologists_NNS  ,_,  historians_NNS  and_CC  humanists_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  incommensurable_JJ  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  vision_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  picture_NN  of_IO  reality_NN  becomes_VBZ  unitary_JJ  ,_,  temporally_RR  and_CC  spatially_RR  of_IO  almost_RR  inconceivable_JJ  vastness_NN  ,_,  dynamic_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  constantly_RR  transforming_VBG  itself_PPX1  through_IO  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  inherent_JJ  properties_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  scientific_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  based_VBN  on_IO  established_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  accordingly_RR  non-dogmatic_JJ  ,_,  basically_RR  self-correcting_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  itself_PPX1  evolving_VBG  .  
  its_APP$  keynote_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  central_JJ  concept_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  its_APP$  details_NNS  are_VBR  related_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  evolution_NN  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  try_VV0  to_TO  outline_VV0  this_DD1  new_JJ  vision_NN  as_RG  briefly_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  present_JJ  understanding_NN  ,_,  all_DB  reality_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  valid_JJ  sense_NN  one_MC1  universal_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  evolution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  single_JJ  process_NN  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  three_MC  phases_NNS    first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  inorganic_JJ  or_CC  cosmic_JJ  ,_,  operating_VBG  by_IO  physical_JJ  and_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  extent_NN  chemical_JJ  interaction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  such_DA  organizations_NNS  of_IO  matter_NN  as_IO  nebulae_NNS  ,_,  stars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  solar_JJ  systems_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  our_APP$  galaxy_NN  this_DD1  phase_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  six_MC  billion_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  places_NNS  where_CS matter_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  self-reproducing_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  inorganic_JJ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  succeeded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  organic_JJ  or_CC  biological_JJ  phase_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  operates_VBZ  primarily_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  ordering_JJ  agency_NN  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  natural_JJ  selection_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leads_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  increasingly_RR  varied_JJ  and_CC  increasingly_RR  higher_JJ  organizations_NNS  of_IO  matter_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  flowers_NNS  ,_,  insects_NNS  ,_,  cuttlefish_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  vertebrates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  and_CC  increasingly_RR  higher_JJ  organizations_NNS  of_IO  awareness_NN  .  
  on_IO  our_APP$  planet_NN  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  operating_VBG  for_IO  rather_RR  under_RR  three_MC  billion_MC  years_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  in_IO  what_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  extremely_RR  rare_JJ  places_NNS  (_(  we_PPIS2  only_RR  know_VV0  for_RR  certain_RR  of_IO  one_MC1  )_)  where_CS ,_,  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  epigrammatically_RR  ,_,  mind_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  self-reproducing_JJ  through_IO  man's_NN1$  capacity_NN  to_TO  transmit_VV0  experience_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  products_NNS  cumulatively_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  human_JJ  or_CC  psychosocial_JJ  phase_NN  .  
  this_DD1  operates_VBZ  by_IO  the_AT1  self-perpetuating_JJ  but_CCB  self-varying_JJ  and_CC  (_(  within_IO  limits_NNS  )_)  self-correcting_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  cumulative_JJ  learning_NN  and_CC  cumulative_JJ  transmission_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leads_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  increasingly_RR  varied_JJ  and_CC  increasingly_RR  higher_JJ  psychosocial_JJ  products_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  religions_NNS  ,_,  scientific_JJ  concepts_NNS  ,_,  labour-saving_JB  machinery_NN  ,_,  legal_JJ  systems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  our_APP$  pre-human_JB  ancestors_NNS  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  threshold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  step_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  phase_NN  around_RR  a_AT1  million_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  fully_RR  human_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  psychosocial_JJ  evolution_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  work_VV0  really_RR  effectively_RR  ,_,  only_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  tens_MC2  of_IO  millennia_NNS  .  
  during_IO  that_DD1  short_JJ  span_NN  of_IO  evolutionary_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  man_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  changed_VBN  genetically_RR  in_IO  any_DD  significant_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  evolution_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  predominantly_RR  cultural_JJ  ,_,  manifested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  social_JJ  systems_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  technological_JJ  and_CC  artistic_JJ  creations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  vision_NN  enlarges_VBZ  our_APP$  future_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  our_APP$  past_NN  .  
  advance_NN  in_IO  biological_JJ  evolution_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  so-called_JB  dominant_JJ  types_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  four_MC  hundred_MC  million_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  jawless_JJ  ,_,  limbless_JJ  vertebrates_NNS  to_IO  fish_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  through_IO  amphibians_NNS  to_IO  reptiles_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  reptiles_NNS  to_IO  mammals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  to_IO  man_NN  .  
  each_DD1  new_JJ  dominant_JJ  type_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  important_JJ  way_NN  biologically_RR  more_RG  efficient_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  when_CS it_PPH1  breaks_VBZ  through_RP  to_IO  evolutionary_JJ  success_NN  it_PPH1  multiplies_VBZ  and_CC  spreads_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  predecessors_NNS  .  
  man_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  latest_JJT  dominant_JJ  type_NN  to_TO  arise_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  evolution_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  earth_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dominant_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  evolution_NN  being_VBG  challenged_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  existing_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  creature_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  rat_NN  or_CC  ape_NN  or_CC  insect_NN  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS could_VM  happen_VV0  to_IO  man_NN  (_(  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  blow_VV0  himself_PPX1  up_RP  with_IO  nuclear_JJ  bombs_NNS  or_CC  convert_VV0  himself_PPX1  into_IO  a_AT1  cancer_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  planet_NN  by_IO  over-multiplication_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  transform_VV0  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  species_NN  into_IO  something_PN1  new_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  nearly_RR  three_MC  billion_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  evolution_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  from_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  pre-cellular_JB  beginnings_NNS  :_:  barring_IO  accidents_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  at_RR  least_RR  as_RG  much_DA  time_NN  before_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  pursue_VV0  his_APP$  evolutionary_JJ  course_NN  .  
  Yeats_NP  implied_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  affirmed_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  God_NP  were_VBDR  rejected_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  savage_JJ  God_NP  would_VM  take_VV0  his_APP$  place_NN  .  
  this_DD1  certainly_RR  could_VM  happen_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  happen_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  happen_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  framework_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  new_JJ  dominant_JJ  religion_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  is_VBZ  at_RR  once_RR  evolutionary_JJ  and_CC  humanist_JJ  .  
  for_IO  evolutionary_JJ  humanism_NN  ,_,  gods_NNS  are_VBR  creations_NNS  of_IO  man_NN  ,_,  not_XX  vice_RR  versa_RR  .  
  gods_NNS  begin_VV0  as_IO  hypotheses_NNS  serving_VBG  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  certain_JJ  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  outer_JB  nature_NN  and_CC  inner_JB  experience_NN  :_:  they_PPHS2  develop_VV0  into_IO  more_RG  unified_JJ  theories_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  purport_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  and_CC  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  comprehensible_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  they_PPHS2  end_VV0  up_RP  by_IO  being_VBG  hypostasized_VBN  as_IO  supernatural_JJ  personal_JJ  beings_NNS  capable_JJ  of_IO  influencing_VBG  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  .  
  as_CS  theology_NN  develops_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  phenomena_NNS  accounted_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  god-hypothesis_NN  is_VBZ  extended_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  entire_JB  universe_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gods_NNS  become_VV0  merged_VBN  in_IO  God_NP  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  science_NN  and_CC  learning_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  universal_JJ  or_CC  absolute_JJ  God_NP  becomes_VBZ  removed_VBN  further_RRR  and_CC  further_RRR  back_RP  from_IO  phenomena_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  control_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  interpreted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  desperately_RR    liberal_JJ    brands_NNS  of_IO  Christianity_NN1  today_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  appears_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  humanist_NN  as_IO  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  smile_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cosmic_JJ  Cheshire_NP  cat_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  irreversibly_RR  disappearing_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  though_CS  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  gods_NNS  and_CC  God_NP  in_IO  any_DD  meaningful_JJ  non-Pickwickian_JJ  sense_NN  are_VBR  destined_VBN  to_TO  disappear_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  stuff_NN  of_IO  divinity_NN  out_RP  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  grown_VBN  and_CC  developed_VBN  remains_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  provide_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  raw_JJ  material_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  new_JJ  religions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  fashioned_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  religious_JJ  raw_JJ  material_NN  consists_VBZ  in_IO  those_DD2  aspects_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  and_CC  elements_NNS  in_IO  experience_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  usually_RR  described_VBN  as_CS  divine_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  term_NN  divine_NC2  did_VDD  not_XX  originally_RR  imply_VV0  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  gods_NNS  :_:  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  gods_NNS  were_VBDR  constructed_VBN  to_TO  interpret_VV0  man's_NN1$  experiences_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  quality_NN  in_IO  phenomena_NNS  .  
  some_DD  events_NNS  and_CC  some_DD  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  outer_JB  nature_NN  transcend_VV0  ordinary_JJ  explanation_NN  and_CC  ordinary_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  inspire_VV0  awe_NN  and_CC  seem_VV0  mysterious_JJ  ,_,  explicable_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  something_PN1  beyond_IO  or_CC  above_IO  ordinary_JJ  nature_NN      super-natural_JJ    power_NN  ,_,  a_AT1    super-human_JJ    element_NN  at_IO  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  universe_NN  .  
  such_DA  magical_JJ  ,_,  mysterious_JJ  ,_,  awe-inspiring_JJ  ,_,  divinity-suggesting_JB  facts_NNS  have_VH0  included_VBN  wholly_RR  outer_JB  phenomena_NNS  like_IO  volcanic_JJ  eruptions_NNS  ,_,  thunder_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hurricanes_NNS  ;_;  biological_JJ  phenomena_NNS  such_IO  as_II  sex_NN  and_CC  reproduction_NN  ,_,  birth_NN  ,_,  disease_NN  and_CC  death_NN  ;_;  and_CC  also_RR  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  man's_NN1$  inner_JB  life_NN  such_IO  as_II  intoxication_NN  ,_,  possession_NN  ,_,  speaking_VBG  with_IO  tongues_NNS  ,_,  inspiration_NN  ,_,  insanity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  mystic_JJ  vision_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  phenomena_NNS  have_VH0  ceased_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  mysterious_JJ  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  rational_JJ  or_CC  scientific_JJ  inexplicability_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  remains_VBZ  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  mystery_NN  of_IO  existence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  physics_NN  and_CC  chemistry_NN  ,_,  physiology_NN  and_CC  neurology_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  fact_NN  of_IO  subjective_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  helps_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_TO  understand_VV0  its_APP$  workings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  stark_JJ  fact_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  sticks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  throat_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  rationalism_NN  and_CC  reductionist_NN  materialism_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  many_DA  phenomena_NNS  are_VBR  charged_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  magic_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  transcendent_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  compulsive_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  and_CC  introduce_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_IO  a_AT1  realm_NN  beyond_IO  ordinary_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  such_DA  events_NNS  and_CC  such_DA  experiences_NNS  merit_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  designation_NN  .  
  for_IO  want_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  use_VV0  the_AT1  term_NN  divine_NC2  ,_,  though_CS  this_DD1  quality_NN  of_IO  divinity_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  truly_RR  supernatural_JJ  but_CCB  transnatural_JJ    it_PPH1  grows_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  transcends_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  divine_JJ  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  man_NN  finds_VBZ  worthy_JJ  of_IO  adoration_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  which_DDQ  compels_VBZ  his_APP$  worship_NN  :_:  and_CC  during_IO  history_NN  it_PPH1  evolves_VBZ  like_IO  everything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  every_AT1  religion_NN  is_VBZ  aimed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  and_CC  safeguarding_NN  of_IO  divinity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  seeks_VBZ  contact_NN  and_CC  communion_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_CS  divine_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  humanist-based_JJ  religion_NN  must_VM  re-define_VV0  divinity_NN  ,_,  strip_VV0  the_AT1  divine_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  theistic_JJ  qualities_NNS  which_DDQ  man_NN  has_VHZ  anthropomorphically_RR  projected_VBN  into_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  search_VV0  for_IO  its_APP$  habitations_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  existence_NN  ,_,  elicit_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  establish_VV0  fruitful_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  manifestations_NNS  .  
  divinity_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  chief_JB  raw_JJ  material_NN  out_RP  of_IO  which_DDQ  gods_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  fashioned_VBN  .  
  today_NN1  we_PPIS2  must_VM  melt_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  gods_NNS  and_CC  refashion_VV0  the_AT1  material_NN  into_IO  new_JJ  and_CC  effective_JJ  agencies_NNS  ,_,  enabling_VBG  man_NN  to_TO  exist_VV0  freely_RR  and_CC  fully_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  level_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  all_DB  religions_NNS  depends_VBZ  primarily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  supporting_JJ  framework_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  theology_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  extended_JJ  sense_NN  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  in_IO  its_APP$  turn_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  and_CC  organization_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  knowledge_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  world_NN  will_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  religion_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  called_VBN  evolutionary_JJ  humanism_NN  .  
  just_RR  how_CS it_PPH1  will_VM  develop_VV0  and_CC  flower_VV0  no_PN1  one_PN  knows_VBZ    but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  underlying_JJ  beliefs_NNS  are_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  emerge_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  humanism_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  can_VM  provide_VV0  powerful_JJ  religious_JJ  ,_,  moral_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ  motivation_NN  for_IO  life_NN  .  free_JJ  fiction_NN  .    why_CS not_XX  free_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  are_VBR  books_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  reading_VBG  an_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  hobby_NN  ,_,  like_IO  archery_NN  ;_;  or_CC  a_AT1  tory_JJ  vice_NN  ,_,  like_IO  golf_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  great_JJ  national_JJ  newspapers_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  so_PN1  :_:  but_CCB  the_AT1  figures_NNS  are_VBR  against_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  my_APP$  favourite_JB  Sundays_NN2  record_VV0  that_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  day_NN  600,000_MC  people_NNS  attended_VVD  the_AT1  football_NN  league_NN  matches_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  Saturday_NN1  in_IO  January_NN1  (_(  with_IO  cup_NN  ties_NNS  )_)  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  800,000_MC  .  
  but_CCB  on_IO  every_AT1  working_NN  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  1_MC1  million_MC  ,_,  or_CC  more_DA  ,_,  citizens_NNS  borrow_VV0  books_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  figure_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1    is_VBZ  about_RR  400_MC  million_MC    7_MC  1/2_MC  million_MC  every_AT1  week_NN  .  
  bar_IO    radio_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  book_NN  may_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  pleasure_NN  :_:  and_CC  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  buyer_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  much_RR  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  book-provider_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  readership_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  inception_NN    and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  later_RRR    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  institution_NN  .  
  today_NN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  large_JJ  institution_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  like_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  frogs_NNS  ,_,  puffed_VBN  itself_PPX1  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  places_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  assumed_VBN  a_AT1  shape_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  both_DB2  unnatural_JJ  and_CC  inefficient_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  under_IO  fire_NN  from_IO  three_MC  points_NNS  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  its_APP$  customers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  readers_NNS  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  its_APP$  servants_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  librarians_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  its_APP$  suppliers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  book-producers_NNS  ,_,  authors_NNS  and_CC  publishers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  complaint_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  customers_NNS    and_CC  of_IO  conscientious_JJ  head_JB  librarians_NNS    is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  buy_VV0  enough_DD  books_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sum_NN  expended_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  is_VBZ  about_RR  one_MC1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  libraries'_NN2  total_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  in_IO  1959_MC  the_AT1  Roberts_NP  committee_NN  laid_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  rough_JJ    test_NN  of_IO  efficiency_NN  ,_,    an_AT1  expenditure_NN  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  2_MC  \0s_NNU  per_IO  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  served_VBN  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  library_NN  association_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  3_MC  \0s_NNU  )_)  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  libraries_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  ahead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  2_MC  \0s_NNU  mark_NN  :_:  but_CCB  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  559_MC  public_JJ  libraries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  only_RR  137_MC  hit_VVD  the_AT1  two-shillings_JB  target_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  shortage_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  about_RR  *+600,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  librarians_NNS  complain_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  squeeze_VV0  ,_,  almost_RR  by_IO  prayer_NN  ,_,  any_DD  addition_NN  to_IO  their_APP$    book_NN  fund_NN    out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  reluctant_JJ  councillors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  complaint_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  staff_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  pay_VV0  librarians_NNS  enough_DD  .  
  far_RR  back_RP  in_IO  1927_MC  the_AT1  Kenyon_NP  committee_NN  recommended_VVD  that_CS    the_AT1  trained_JJ  librarian_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  trained_JJ  teacher_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  one_MC1  profession_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  less_RG  attractive_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .    
  the_AT1  Roberts_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  short_JJ  period_NN  between_IO  1946_MC  and_CC  1955_MC  when_CS this_DD1  parity_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  sight_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  recent_JJ  improvements_NNS  in_IO  teachers'_NN2  salaries_NNS  have_VH0  put_VBN  them_PPHO1  ahead_RR  again_RR  .    
  (_(  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  teachers_NNS  are_VBR  asking_VBG  for_IO  more_DA  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  chief_JB  librarian_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  (_(  a_AT1  go-ahead_JB  library_NN  )_)  writes_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  1958-59_MC-MC  report_NN  about_IO    the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  recruiting_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  particularly_RR  of_IO  retaining_VBG  ,_,  suitable_JJ  junior_JJ  staff_NN  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  lost_VBN  several_DA  junior_JJ  assistants_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  profession_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  the_AT1  librarians_NNS  want_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  14,000_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  *+100_NNU  all_RR  round_RP  would_VM  mean_VV0  *+1,400,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complaint_NN  of_IO  authors_NNS  and_CC  publishers_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  paying_VBG  the_AT1  book-producers_NNS  enough_DD  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  not_XX  argue_VV0  the_AT1  authors'_NN2  and_CC  publishers'_NN2  case_NN  here_RL  :_:  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  demands_NNS  are_VBR  just_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  sure_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  prevail_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  cost_VV0  between_IO  *+1_NNU  million_MC  and_CC  *+1,500,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN    a_AT1  very_RG  modest_JJ  addition_NN  to_IO    the_AT1  paltry_JJ  five_MC  million_MC  now_RL  spent_VBN  upon_IO  books_NNS    (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Hanley_NP  Snape_NP  ,_,  lecturer_NN  in_IO  librarianship_NN  at_IO  Liverpool_NP  )_)  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  public_JJ  institution_NN  ,_,  created_VBN  by_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  failing_VBG  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  its_APP$  customers_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  servants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  suppliers_NNS  :_:  and_CC  if_CS  its_APP$  paymasters_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  sufficiently_RR  interested_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  efficiency_NN  ,_,  parliament_NN  should_VM  sit_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  take_VV0  notice_NN  .  
  failing_IO  real_JJ  reform_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  so_RG  many_DA  are_VBR  traditionally_RR  proud_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  remain_VV0  in_IO  fact_NN  an_AT1  inefficient_JJ  ,_,  unjust_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  discreditable_JJ  institution_NN  ,_,  precariously_RR  existing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  reluctant_JJ  doles_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  abused_JJ  good_JJ  will_NN  of_IO  librarians_NNS  and_CC  book-producers_NNS  .  
  reform_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  ,_,  rather_RR  feebly_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Roberts_NP  committee_NN  recommended_VVD  this_DD1  and_CC  that_DD1  ;_;  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  education_NN  has_VHZ  talked_VBN  about_IO  a_AT1  bill_NN  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  appointed_VBN  two_MC  working_JJ  parties_NNS  to_TO  study_VV0  some_DD    technical_JJ  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Roberts_NP  report_NN  .    
  but_CCB  that_DD1  report_NN  was_VBDZ  vague_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  librarians_NNS  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  mention_VV0  the_AT1  book-producers_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  is_VBZ  merely_RR  fiddling_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  statesman_NN  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  should_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  consider_VV0  the_AT1  three_MC  demands_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  set_VBN  out_RP  together_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  mean_VV0  money_NN    perhaps_RR  *+4_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  but_CCB  who_PNQS  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  will_VM  n't_XX    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  say_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  (_(  why_CS literature_NN  should_VM  not_XX  rank_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  fine_JJ  arts_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  assistance_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0    but_CCB  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  )_)  
  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  source_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  rates_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  *+4_NNU  million_MC  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  mere_JB  flea-bite_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratepayer_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS suffers_VBZ  about_RR  *+500_NNU  million_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  already_RR  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  new_JJ  flea-bites_NNS  everywhere_RR  (_(  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  flea-bite_NN  hurts_VBZ  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  millions_MC2  of_IO  ratepayers_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  use_VV0  the_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  never_RR  borrow_VV0  a_AT1  book_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  ratepayer_NN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  properly_RR  conducted_JJ  public_JJ  library_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  accept_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  can_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  relieved_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  untapped_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  income_NN  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  only_RR  parliament_NN  can_VM  make_VV0  available_JJ  .  
  section_NN  11_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  libraries_NNS  act_NN  1892_MC  said_VVD  that_CS    no_AT1  charge_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  for_IO  admission_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  or_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lending_NN  library_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  thereof_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  .  .    
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  interfere_VV0  with_IO  (_(  1_MC1  )_)    with_IO  free_JJ  admissions_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  done_VBN  and_CC  enjoyed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  premises_NNS    the_AT1  proper_JJ  functions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  library_NN    should_VM  remain_VV0  perfectly_RR  free_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  vast_JJ  modern_JJ  book_NN  distribution_NN    the_AT1  400_MC  million_MC  loans_NNS  per_IO  annum_NN    never_RR  imagined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  founders_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  parliament_NN    should_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  made_VBN  revenue-producing_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1    and_CC  my_APP$  committee_NN  of_IO  authors_NNS  and_CC  publishers_NNS    would_VM  give_VV0  each_DD1  local_JJ  authority_NN  the_AT1  option_NN  of_IO    charging_VBG  the_AT1  borrower_NN  .    
  high-minded_JJ  authorities_NNS  could_VM  stick_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  ;_;  all_DB  could_VM  excuse_VV0  old_JJ  age_NN  pensioners_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  wished_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  borrower_NN  takes_VBZ  out_RP  30_MC  books_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN    but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  boroughs_NNS  the_AT1  average_NN  is_VBZ  40_MC  (_(  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  45_MC  ,_,  and_CC  Finsbury_NP  55_MC  )_)  .  
  twopence_NNS  a_AT1  book_NN  (_(  on_IO  400_MC  million_MC    lending_NN  issues_NNS    )_)  would_VM  gross_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  theory_NN  ,_,  *+3,300,000_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  threepence_NNS  a_AT1  book_NN  (_(  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  tobacconist-libraries_NNS  charge_VV0  4_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  would_VM  yield_VV0  *+5_NNU  million_MC  .  
  deduct_VV0  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  possible_JJ  diminution_NN  of_IO  readers_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  *+4,500,000_NNU    *+1,500,000_NNU  each_DD1  for_IO  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  purchase_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  and_CC  general_JJ  library_NN  purposes_NNS  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  increase_NN  of_IO  staff_NN  and_CC  salaries_NNS  ;_;  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  book-producers_NNS  .  
  pennies-in-the-slot_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  way_NN  to_TO  collect_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  should_VM  prefer_VV0  a_AT1  charge_NN  of_IO  5_MC  \0s_NNU  (_(  or_CC  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1    ticket_NN    issued_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  registered_JJ  reader_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  after_IO  paying_VBG  this_DD1  modest_JJ  entrance_NN  fee_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  free_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  before_II    and_CC  could_VM  borrow_VV0  30_MC  ,_,  50_MC  ,_,  60_MC  books_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  without_IO  putting_VBG  his_APP$  hand_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  again_RR  .  
  five_MC  shillings_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  average_JJ  weekly_JJ  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pools_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  .  
  because_CS  ,_,  at_IO  present_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scotfree_JJ  library_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sacred_JJ  cow_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  without_IO  much_DA  thought_NN  ,_,  bow_VV0  down_RP  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  and_CC  illogical_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO    labourer_NN  and_CC  artisan_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  a_AT1  free_JJ  book-shop_NN  for_IO  all_DB  and_CC  sundry_JJ  .  
  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Pancras_NP  66_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  issues_NNS  are_VBR  fiction_NN  ;_;  at_IO  Shoreditch_NP  68_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ;_;  at_IO  Stepney_NP  69_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ;_;  at_IO  Stoke_NP  Newington_NP  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ;_;  at_IO  Hackney_NP  76_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  some_DD    fiction_NN    can_VM  educate_VV0  ,_,  especially_RR  mine_PP$  :_:  but_CCB  so_PN1  can_VM  some_DD  films_NNS  .  
  why_CS not_XX  free_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  cow_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  betrayed_VBN  already_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Roberts_NP  report_NN  recommends_VBZ  that_CS  charges_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  permitted_VBN  for_IO    admission_NN  to_IO  meetings_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  functions_NNS  ,_,    for_IO    retention_NN    of_IO  books_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO    notifications_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  Holborn_NP  library_NN  in_IO  1958-59_MC-MC  charged_VVD    reservation_NN  fees_NNS    of_IO  4_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  22,301_MC  readers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Westminster_NP  library_NN  netted_VVD  *+8,991_NNU  from_IO    library_NN  receipts_NNS    (_(  fines_NNS  ,_,  catalogues_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  municipal_JJ  concerts_NNS  and_CC  plays_NNS  .  
  why_CS should_VM  borrowed_JJ  novels_NNS    or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  books_NNS    be_VB0  free_JJ  .  
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS objects_VBZ    on_IO  principle_NN    to_IO  charging_VBG  the_AT1  borrower_NN  must_VM  stop_VV0  complaining_VBG  about_IO  a_AT1  charge_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  these_DD2  reforms_NNS  must_VM  come_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  good_JJ  reason_NN  why_CS authors_NNS  and_CC  librarians_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  butchered_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  public_JJ  library_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  practical_JJ  ,_,  constructive_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  ;_;  and_CC  no_AT1  minister_NN  ,_,  librarian_NN  or_CC  councillor_NN  has_VHZ  offered_VBN  any_DD  other_DA  .  
  Latin_JJ  American_JJ  future_NN  .  
  revolution_NN  of_IO  rising_JJ  expectations_NNS  .  
  Buffon_NP  ,_,  two_MC  centuries_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  put_VVD  forward_RR  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    immaturity_NN    of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  .  
  this_DD1  theory_NN  he_PPHO1  based_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  there_RL  of_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  mammals_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  have_VH0  ascertained_VBN  ,_,  animals_NNS  transplanted_VBN  from_IO  Europe_NP  or_CC  common_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP    without_IO  exception_NN    showed_VVD  in_IO  America_NP  a_AT1  falling-off_NN  from_IO  European_JJ  standards_NNS  .  
  whatever_DDQ  its_APP$  scientific_JJ  validity_NN  ,_,  Buffon's_PPIO2  theory_NN  coincides_VBZ  closely_RR  enough_RGA  with_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  of_IO  Latin_JJ  American_JJ  human_JJ  affairs_NNS  generally_RR  held_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  Anglo-Saxons_NP2  do_VD0  not_XX  doubt_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  twenty_MC  Latin_JJ  American_JJ  republics_NNS  are_VBR  immature_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ever_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  detect_VV0  fallings-off_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  European_JJ  political_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  standards_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  this_DD1  attitude_NN  owes_VBZ  less_DA  to_IO  Buffon_NP  than_CS  to_IO  persistent_JJ  underestimation_NN  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  misrepresentation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  empires_NNS  of_IO  Spain_NP  and_CC  Portugal_NP  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  English_NP2  may_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  worth_IO  while_NN  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  Columbus_NP  set_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  voyage_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  barely_RR  through_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  wars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  roses_NNS  .  
  Corte*?2s_NP  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  subduing_VBG  the_AT1  Aztecs_NP2  a_AT1  year_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cloth_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  .  
  considerable_JJ  churches_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  services_NNS  fully_RR  supported_VBN  by_IO  choir_NN  and_CC  organ_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  Spanish_JJ  America_NP  (_(  and_CC  they_PPHS2  stand_VV0  today_NN1  )_)  many_DA  years_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  sailing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mayflower_NP  ,_,  for_CS  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  century_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  200,000_MC  Spaniards_NP2  (_(  to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  Portuguese_NP2  )_)  established_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  much_RR  more_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  chance_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  arrived_VVD  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  with_IO  different_JJ  motives_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  different_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  settlement_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  results_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  still_RR  working_VBG  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  America_NP  of_IO  today_NN1  .  
  Spain_NP  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  Portugal_NP  in_IO  Brazil_NP  ,_,  certainly_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  conquer_VV0  and_CC  occupy_VV0  America_NP  from_IO  California_NP  to_IO  Cape_NNL1  Horn_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  fit_NN  of_IO  absence_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  once_CS  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  digested_VBN  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  Columbus's_PPIO2  original_JJ  miscalculation_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  set_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  subjugation_NN  and_CC  occupation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  territories_NNS  with_IO  care_NN  and_CC  method_NN  .  
  in_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  settlers_NNS  farther_RRR  north_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  conquistadores_NNS  were_VBDR  animated_VBN  both_DB2  by_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  wealth_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  zeal_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  propagation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  faith_NN  ;_;  and_CC  their_APP$  empire-building_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  set_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Romans_NP2  .  
  each_DD1  expedition_NN  usually_RR  set_VVD  out_RP  only_RR  after_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  officially_RR  sanctioned_VBN  .  
  each_DD1  new_JJ  colony_NN  was_VBDZ  founded_VBN  with_IO  due_JJ  deliberation_NN  and_CC  ceremony_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  eventually_RR  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  kingdoms_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  equal_JJ  status_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  crown_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  followed_VVD  that_CS  Spain_NP  should_VM  seek_VV0  to_TO  govern_VV0  America_NP  as_CS  Spain_NP  itself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  governed_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  bereft_VBN  equally_RR  of_IO  any_DD  religious_JJ  or_CC  intellectual_JJ  tolerance_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  compromise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  any_DD  conception_NN  of_IO  government_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  teaching_VBG  men_NNS  to_TO  govern_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  Spain_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  transplant_VV0  these_DD2  qualities_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  sphere_NN  no_RR  less_RRR  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  regarded_VVD  their_APP$  American_JJ  lands_NNS  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  Spain_NP  itself_PPX1  .  
  they_PPHS2  utilised_VVD  and_CC  spread_VVD  through_IO  Europe_NP  the_AT1  precious_JJ  metals_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  products_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Americas_NP2  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  if_CS  these_DD2  derived_VVD  from_IO  Castile_NP  or_CC  Andalusia_NP  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  insisted_VVD  that_CS  their_APP$  American_JJ  possessions_NNS  ,_,  no_RR  less_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  home_NN1  provinces_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  supply_VV0  their_APP$  needs_NNS  from_IO  or_CC  through_IO  Spanish_JJ  sources_NNS  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  in_IO  these_DD2  parallel_JJ  political_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  attitudes_NNS  ,_,  lay_VVD  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS Spain_NP  strove_VVD  to_TO  preserve_VV0  the_AT1  frontiers_NNS  of_IO  Spanish_JJ  America_NP  inviolate_JJ  from_IO  foreign_JJ  penetration_NN  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  Spain's_PPIO2  own_DA  .  
  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  choice_NN  .  
  Arnold_NP  Toynbee_NP  .  
    to_TO  dwell_VV0  together_RR  in_IO  unity_NN    has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  coming_VBG  easy_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ    good_JJ  and_CC  pleasant_JJ    for_IO    brethren_NNS    ,_,  but_CCB  few_DA  human_JJ  communities_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  prepared_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  all_DB  other_DA  human_JJ  beings_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  bosoms_NNS  as_IO  their_APP$  brothers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  usually_RR  found_VBN  some_DD  excuse_NN  for_IO  treating_VBG  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  fellow-men_NNS  as_IO    lesser_JJ  breeds_NNS  without_IO  the_AT1  law_NN    .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  stigma_NN  wears_VBZ  off_RP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  invent_VV0  another_DD1  .  
  when_CS our_APP$  neighbour_NN  ceases_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  infidel_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  still_RR  stigmatise_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  ceases_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  still_RR  ostracise_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  negro_NN  or_CC  an_AT1  albino_NN  .  
  this_DD1  widespread_JJ  passion_NN  for_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1    chosen_JJ  people_NN    evidently_RR  has_VHZ  deep_JJ  psychological_JJ  roots_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  human_JJ  beings_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  on_RP  indulging_VBG  in_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  endless_JJ  disasters_NNS  on_IO  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  left_VBN  ourselves_PPX2  much_DA  time_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  this_DD1  raises_VBZ  a_AT1  practical_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  priorities_NNS  .  
  which_WDTI  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  evils_NNS  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  eradicate_VV0  .  
  whichever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  our_APP$  efforts_NNS  on_IO  combating_VBG  this_DD1  one_MC1  first_RR  .  
  one_MC1  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  about_IO  priorities_NNS  was_VBDZ  implied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Institute_NNL1  of_IO  race_NN  relations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  explicit_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  paper_NN  addressed_VBN  to_IO  Chatham_NP  House_NNL1  in_IO  1950_MC  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  moving_JJ  spirits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  launching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Hodson_NP  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  problems_NNS  in_IO  world_NN  politics_NN  today_NN1  which_DDQ  transcend_VV0  all_DB  others_DA2  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Hodson_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  .  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  struggle_NN  between_IO  communism_NN  and_CC  liberal_JJ  democracy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  race_NN  relations_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  prepared_VBN  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  race_NN  relations_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  remain_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  its_APP$  full_JJ  complexity_NN  even_CS  if_CS  communism_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  settle_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  peaceful_JJ  neighbourliness_NN  with_IO  democracy_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  partitioned_VBN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hodson_NP  is_VBZ  surely_RR  right_JJ  in_IO  holding_VBG  that_DD1  ideological_JJ  differences_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  more_RG  easily_RR  than_CS  racial_JJ  differences_NNS  can_VM  .  
  an_AT1  ideology_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  into_IO  cold_JJ  storage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  awkward_JJ  and_CC  obnoxious_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  tenets_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO  dead_JJ  letters_NNS  .  
  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  conversion_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  ideology_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  process_NN  of_IO  conversion_NN  has_VHZ  sometimes_RR  gone_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  run_NN  .  
  racial_JJ  differences_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  by_IO  conversion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  process_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  physical_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  an_AT1  intellectual_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  name_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intermarriage_NN  .  
  happily_RR  for_IO  mankind's_NN1$  prospects_NNS  ,_,  intermarriage_NN  between_IO  geographically_RR  intermingled_JJ  populations_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  physique_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  normal_JJ  hitherto_RR  ,_,  whereas_CS  racial_JJ  segregation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  exceptional_JJ  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  present-day_JB  world_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  normal_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  overcoming_VBG  race-differences_NNS  is_VBZ  exemplified_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  large_JJ  and_CC  important_JJ  constituents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  :_:  the_AT1  Muslim_JJ  community_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Spanish_NN1  and_CC  Portuguese-speaking_JJ  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  community_NN  .  
  in_IO  Mexico_NP  and_CC  Brazil_NP  today_NN1  ,_,  most_DA  people_NNS  have_VH0  at_RR  least_RR  three_MC  different_JJ  racial_JJ  strains_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  physique_NN  :_:  the_AT1  European_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  pre-Columbian_JJ  American_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  African_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  domestic_JJ  injustices_NNS  and_CC  dissensions_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  other_DA  Latin_JJ  American_JJ  countries_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  run_VV0  on_IO  racial_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  Latin_JJ  Americans_NP2  are_VBR  not_XX  race-conscious_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Muslims_NP2  are_VBR  not_XX  either_RR  .  
  visit_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  American_JJ  University_NNL1  of_IO  Beirut_NP  and_CC  watch_VV0  the_AT1  students_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  campus_NN  there_RL  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  observe_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  race_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  tendency_NN  towards_IO  antipathy_NN  or_CC  segregation_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  race-feeling_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  exceptional_JJ  failing_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  present-day_JB  world_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  confined_VBN  to_IO  three_MC  minorities_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  Teutonic-speaking_JJ  peoples_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  high-caste_JB  Hindus_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  age_NN  the_AT1  prejudice_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  three_MC  minorities_NNS  stand_VV0  has_VHZ  no_AT1  future_NN  .  
    the_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN      supposing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  allow_VV0  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  future_NN    is_VBZ  the_AT1  comparative_JJ  freedom_NN  from_IO  race-prejudice_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  exhibited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  Americans_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Muslims_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  third_NN  of_IO  mankind's_NN1$  present_JJ  three_MC  apples_NNS  of_IO  discord_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  mentioned_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hodson_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  quoted_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  paper_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nationalism_NN  ;_;  and_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  good_JJ  thing_NN  that_PNQS nationalism_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  for_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  as_IO  some_DD  offset_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  havoc_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  works_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  cut_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  mankind_NN  into_IO  conflicting_JJ  races_NNS  .  
  nationalism_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  present-day_JB  form_NN  originated_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  European_JJ  peoples_NNS  .  
  unhappily_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  now_RL  infected_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  rampant_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  birth-place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  fortunate_JJ  result_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  saved_VBN  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  from_IO  falling_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  lasting_JJ  domination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  minority_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  an_AT1  unusually_RR  small_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  pigment_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  skin_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  bleached_JJ  minority_NN  had_VHD  chosen_VBN  to_TO  gang_VV0  up_RP  together_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  dominate_VV0  the_AT1  majority_NN  for_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  lead_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  gained_VBN  in_IO  technological_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  bleached_JJ  race_NN  has_VHZ  halved_VBN  or_CC  quartered_VBN  its_APP$  potential_JJ  strength_NN  by_IO  expending_VBG  this_DD1  on_IO  domestic_JJ  national_JJ  rivalries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  between_IO  two_MC  ideological_JJ  camps_NNS  will_VM  ever_RR  be_VB0  matched_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  world-wide_JJ  racial_JJ  division_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  bleached_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  tanned_JJ  .  
  try_VV0  to_TO  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  race-war_NN  between_IO  Russia_NP  and_CC  America_NP  lined_VBN  up_RP  together_RR  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  India_NP  and_CC  Pakistan_NP  lined_VBN  up_RP  together_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  this_DD1  imaginary_JJ  alignment_NN  of_IO  forces_NNS  seems_VBZ  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  ever_RR  to_TO  become_VV0  actual_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  imagine_VV0  Russia_NP  and_CC  America_NP  getting_VBG  together_RR  against_IO  China_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  get_VV0  together_RR  against_IO  Japan_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  world_NN  war_NN  ,_,  and_CC  China_NP  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  more_RG  formidable_JJ  than_CS  Japan_NP  ever_RR  has_VHZ  been_VBN  or_CC  ever_RR  could_VM  be_VB0  .  
  if_CS  China_NP  were_VBDR  to_TO  acquire_VV0  the_AT1  bomb_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  prophesy_VV0  that_CS  Russia_NP  and_CC  America_NP  would_VM  become_VV0  allies_NNS  again_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  situation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  half-a-dozen_MC  leading_JJ  articles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  of_IO  either_LE  country_NN  could_VM  effectively_RR  change_VV0  the_AT1  climate_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  ideological_JJ  relations_NNS  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  this_DD1  did_VDD  happen_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  another_DD1  instance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  working_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  age-old_JJ  balance_NN  of_IO  power_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coincidence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  power-politics_NN  line-up_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  race-difference_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  accidental_JJ  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  opposing_JJ  alliances_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  pan_VV0  out_RP  neatly_RR  on_IO  racial_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  Russia's_PPIO2  present_JJ  east_NN1  European_JJ  satellites_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  China's_PPIO2  camp_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  south-east_NN1  Asian_JJ  peoples_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  Russia's_PPIO2  and_CC  America's_PPIO2  .  
  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  evil_NN  of_IO  racialism_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  localised_VBN  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  counteracting_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  evil_NN  of_IO  nationalism_NN  .  
  probably_RR  we_PPIS2  need_VM  not_XX  fear_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  world-war_NN  waged_VBN  on_IO  racial_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  succeed_VV0  in_IO  localising_VBG  the_AT1  evil_NN  of_IO  race-feeling_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  so_RG  much_DA  tinder_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  flare_VV0  into_IO  flame_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  spark_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  besides_IO  being_VBG  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  race-feeling_NN  is_VBZ  odious_JJ  in_IO  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  not_XX  enough_DD  just_RR  to_TO  localise_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  also_RR  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  eradicate_VV0  it_PPH1  wherever_CS we_PPIS2  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  continents_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  others_DA2  .  
  the_AT1  segregation_NN  of_IO  Jews_NP2  from_IO  gentiles_NNS  will_VM  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  ,_,  be_VB0  broken_VBN  down_RP  rather_RR  rapidly_RR  by_IO  intermarriage_NN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  except_CS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  in_IO  Israel_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  diaspora_NN  transform_VV0  itself_PPX1  from_IO  a_AT1  closed_JJ  racial_JJ  community_NN  into_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  religious_JJ  community_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  were_VBDR  to_TO  happen_VV0  ,_,  Judaism_NN1  would_VM  at_RR  last_RR  have_VH0  achieved_VBN  its_APP$  manifest_JJ  destiny_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  world-wide_JJ  religions_NNS  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  segregation_NN  of_IO  citizens_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  colours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  and_CC  of_IO  citizens_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  castes_NNS  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  in_IO  both_DB2  India_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  the_AT1  segregationists_NNS  seem_VV0  now_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  fighting_VBG  a_AT1  losing_JJ  battle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  harder_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  battles_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  since_CS  here_RL  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  caste_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  momentum_NN  of_IO  three_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  behind_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  now_RL  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  victory_NN  of_IO  integration_NN  were_VBDR  in_IO  sight_NN  .  
  if_CS  and_CC  when_CS racialism_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  overcome_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  sub-continents_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  confined_VBN  to_IO  Palestine_NP  and_CC  to_IO  those_DD2  parts_NNS  of_IO  Africa_NP  where_CS ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  Palestine_NP  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  immigrant_NN  minority_NN  from_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  touch_VV0  the_AT1  hard_JJ  core_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  race_NN  problem_NN  .  
  racial_JJ  minorities_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  dominant_JJ  have_VH0  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  themselves_PPX2  to_IO  accepting_VBG  equality_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  fellow-citizens_NNS  .  
  and_CC  emancipated_JJ  racial_JJ  majorities_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  recently_RR  been_VBN  denied_VBN  their_APP$  human_JJ  rights_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  to_IO  accepting_VBG  equality_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  former_DA  overlords_NNS  without_IO  abusing_VBG  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  under_IO  a_AT1  democratic_JJ  re*?2gime_NN  .  
  these_DD2  requirements_NNS  call_VV0  for_IO  almost_RR  superhuman_JJ  self-restraint_NN  and_CC  magnanimity_NN  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  hard_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  physical_JJ  segregation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  races_NNS  continues_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  precariously_RR  dominant_JJ  minority_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  almost_RR  too_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  temper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  colons_&FW  in_IO  Algeria_NP  .  
  in_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  the_AT1  French_NP2  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  better_JJ  record_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  English_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  Dutch_NP2  in_IO  their_APP$  dealings_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  pre-Columbian_JJ  natives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  Africa_NP  today_NN1  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  behaving_VBG  no_RR  better_RRR  than_IO  their_APP$  English_JJ  and_CC  Dutch_JJ  opposite_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  saved_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  geographically_RR  intermingled_JJ  races_NNS  there_RL  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  Latin_JJ  America_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Islamic_JJ  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  two_MC  regions_NNS  ,_,  intermarriage_NN  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  happy_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  racial_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
    bella_&FW  gerant_&FW  alii_&FW  ,_,  tu_&FW  ,_,  felix_&FW  Austria_&FW  ,_,  nube_&FW  .    
  this_DD1  famous_JJ  line_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  point_VV0  a_AT1  moral_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  present-day_JB  European_JJ  colonist_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  by_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
    tu_&FW  felix_&FW  nube_&FW  colone_&FW  .    
  for_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  colonist_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  intermarriage_NN  offers_VBZ  a_AT1  happy_JJ  way_NN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  happy_JJ  way_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  replies_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  the_AT1  prospect_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  answered_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  asked_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  already_RR  ,_,  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  by_IO  his_APP$  fellow-European_JJ  colonist_NN  in_IO  Latin_JJ  America_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  alternative_NN  .  
    intermarry_VV0  or_CC  get_VV0  out_RP    is_VBZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  choice_NN  that_PNQS destiny_NN  is_VBZ  offering_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  European_JJ  minorities_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  in_IO  our_APP$  day_NN  .  
  comment_NN  on_IO  Corfield_NP  .  
  \0F_NP  \0B_NP  Welbourn_NP  .  *"_*'  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  proof_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Sammy_NP    ,_,  Robin_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  proof_NN  of_IO  anything_PN1  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  truth_NN  itself_PPX1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  exotic_NN  .    **"_**'  
    Elspeth_NP  Huxley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  flame_NN  trees_NNS  of_IO  Thika_NP  .  
  1_MC1  :_:  impartiality_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Corfield_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  record_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Sudan_NP  political_JJ  service_NN  ;_;  and_CC  from_IO  September_NN1  1954_MC  until_IO  1956_MC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  secretariat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  in_IO  Kenya_NP    the_AT1  body_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  more_RRR  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offensive_NN  against_IO  Mau_NP  Mau_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  whether_CS  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  situation_NN  which_DDQ  aroused_VVD    and_CC  still_RR  arouses_VBZ    such_DA  high_JJ  emotions_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wise_JJ  to_TO  appoint_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO    an_AT1  historical_JJ  survey_NN    ,_,  one_MC1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  so_RG  intimately_RR  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  camp_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  criticises_VBZ  government_NN  and_CC  Europeans_NP2  in_RR  general_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  manages_VBZ  to_TO  imply_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  mistakes_NNS  ,_,    Kenyatta_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  associates_NNS    were_VBDR  deliberately_RR  bad_JJ  .  
  at_IO  certain_JJ  points_NNS  his_APP$  documentary_JJ  sources_NNS  are_VBR  demonstrably_RR  wrong_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  detail_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  interpretation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  reader_NN  who_PNQS spots_VBZ  these_DD2  faults_NNS  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  how_CS many_DA  others_DA2  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  spotted_VBN  .  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  x-rayed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  .  
    these_DD2  will_VM  represent_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  reforms_NNS  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  ever_RR  made_VBN    .  
  thus_RR  Sir_NNSB1  David_NP  Eccles_NP  speaking_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  on_IO  November_NN1  7th_MD  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  unless_CS  you_PPY  belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  cynical_JJ  who_PNQS thought_VVD  that_CS  reforms_NNS  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  very_RG  great_JJ  and_CC  so_RR  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  surpassed_VBN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  doubtless_RR  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  some_DD  radical_JJ  advance_NN  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  a_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN    better_JJ  opportunities_NNS  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN    (_(  \0Cmnd_NN  1254_MC  )_)  and_CC    technical_JJ  education_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  :_:  the_AT1  pattern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN    (_(  \0Cmnd_NN  1245_MC  )_)  will_VM  come_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  severe_JJ  disappointment_NN  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  common_JJ  ground_NN  references_NNS  below_II  will_VM  be_VB0  in_RR  general_RR  to_IO  \0Cmnd_NN  1254_MC  ;_;  where_CS there_EX  are_VBR  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  proposals_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  dealt_VBN  with_IO  later_RRR  .  
    better_JJ  opportunities_NNS  in_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN    is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  but_CCB  modest_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  proposals_NNS  to_TO  reorganise_VV0  and_CC  rationalise_VV0  the_AT1  existing_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  courses_NNS  .  
  three_MC  reasons_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  valid_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  presented_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  present_JJ  system_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  kept_VBN  pace_NN  with_IO  changes_NNS  taking_VBG  place_NN  in_IO  industry_NN  and_CC  particularly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  technicians_NNS  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  often_RR  a_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  school_NN  and_CC  further_JB  education_NN  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA    wastage_NN    on_IO  existing_JJ  courses_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  too_RG  many_DA  students_NNS  are_VBR  failing_VBG  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  examinations_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  courses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  stresses_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  continuing_VBG  general_JJ  education_NN  after_IO  leaving_VBG  school_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  need_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  widely_RR  recognised_VBN  .  
  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS    should_VM  be_VB0  encouraged_VBN    to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  until_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  16_MC  to_TO  complete_VV0  a_AT1  five_MC  year_NN  secondary_JJ  course_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  suitable_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  fifth_MD  year_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  college_NN  .  
  at_IO  whatever_DDQ  age_NN  a_AT1  student_NN  leaves_VBZ  school_NN    he_PPHO1  should_VM  go_VV0  direct_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  college_NN  course_NN    and_CC  not_XX  on_RP  to_IO  an_AT1  evening_NN  course_NN  alone_RR  .  
  this_DD1  proposal_NN  is_VBZ  long_RR  overdue_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  having_VHG  argued_VBN  its_APP$  validity_NN  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  day_NN  release_NN  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  deprived_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  taking_VBG  evening_NN  courses_NNS  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  back_RP  where_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  .  
  day_NN  release_NN  for_IO  operatives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  cover_VV0  three_MC  grades_NNS  ;_;  operatives_NNS  ,_,  craftsmen_NNS  and_CC  technicians_NNS  .  
  operatives_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  proportion_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  only_RR  34_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  7_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  girls_NNS  leaving_VBG  school_NN  enter_VV0  apprenticeships_NNS  or_CC  learnerships_NNS  in_IO  skilled_JJ  operations_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  overwhelming_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  receiving_VBG  day_NN  release_NN  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  need_NN  for_IO  technical_JJ  training_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  semi-skilled_JJ  jobs_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,    would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  fitted_VBN  for_IO  industrial_JJ  life_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  suitable_JJ  courses_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  character_NN  ,_,    for_CS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  training_NN  council_NN  pointed_VVD  out_RP  recently_RR  ,_,  with_IO  increasing_JJ  mobility_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  work-people_NNS    will_VM  require_VV0  a_AT1  mental_JJ  flexibility_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  developed_VBN  by_IO  further_JB  education_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  full-time_JB  schooling_NN  .    
  but_CCB  when_CS we_PPIS2  arrive_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  for_IO  action_NN  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  that_CS    the_AT1  government_NN  are_VBR  sure_JJ  that_DD1  local_JJ  education_NN  authorities_NNS  and_CC  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  will_VM  co-operate_VV0  with_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  in_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  suitable_JJ  courses_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  levels_NNS  of_IO  operatives_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  rapidly_RR  increasing_JJ  scale_NN  .    
  judging_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  on_IO  such_DA  courses_NNS  at_IO  present_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  development_NN  very_RG  few_DA  people_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  provision_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  rapidly_RR  increasing_JJ  scale_NN  without_IO  compulsory_JJ  day_NN  release_NN  .  
  craftsmen_NNS  and_CC  technicians_NNS  needed_VBN  .  
  craft_NN  courses_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  continuously_RR  modified_VBN  and_CC  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  developed_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  rightly_RR  points_VBZ  out_RP  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  broadening_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  courses_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  guilds_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  Institute_NNL1  courses_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  taken_VBN  steps_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  direction_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  major_JJ  problem_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  accepts_VBZ  the_AT1  proposal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  committee_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  length_NN  of_RR  course_RR  should_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  220_MC  hours_NNS  now_RL  common_JJ  (_(  280_MC  where_CS a_AT1  student_NN  attends_VBZ  one_MC1  evening_NN  a_AT1  week_NN  )_)  to_IO  330_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    County_NNL1  College_NNL1  year_NN    laid_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  act_NN  1944_MC  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  suggestion_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  courses_NNS  for_IO  technicians_NNS  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  on_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  in_IO  1956_MC  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  growing_JJ  complaints_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  technicians_NNS  .  
  various_JJ  estimates_NNS  of_IO  need_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  held_VBN  that_CS  about_RR  six_MC  technicians_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  technologist_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  varies_VBZ  from_IO  industry_NN  to_IO  industry_NN  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  only_RR  two_MC  courses_NNS  designed_VBN  specifically_RR  for_IO  technicians_NNS    for_IO  electrical_JJ  and_CC  telecommunication_NN  technicians_NNS  .  
  most_DA  are_VBR  trained_VBN  in_IO  craft_NN  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  end_VV0  at_IO  technician_NN  level_NN  or_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  course_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  craft_NN  course_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  in_IO  building_NN  and_CC  printing_NN  )_)  or_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  national_JJ  certificate_NN  course_NN  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  recognises_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  more_DA  courses_NNS  designed_VBN  for_IO  technicians_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  committee_NN  recommended_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  technician's_NN1$  part-time_JB  courses_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  sandwich_NN  courses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  says_VBZ  the_AT1  government_NN  would_VM  welcome_VV0  widespread_JJ  experiments_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  nature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  at_IO  ordinary_JJ  and_CC  higher_JJ  levels_NNS  have_VH0  provided_VBN  the_AT1  training_NN  for_IO  many_DA  technicians_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  avenue_NN  to_IO  full_JJ  professional_JJ  status_NN  for_IO  many_DA  students_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  courses_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  high_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  failures_NNS  has_VHZ  attracted_VBN  most_DA  attention_NN  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  proposes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  national_JJ  certificate_NN  course_NN  ,_,  at_IO  present_NN  a_AT1  three_MC  year_NN  course_NN  ,_,  should_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  two_MC  year_NN  course_NN  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  length_NN  required_VBN  now_RL  of_IO  students_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  exempt_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  passes_NNS  at_IO  ordinary_JJ  level_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  certificate_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  entry_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  confined_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  four_MC  appropriate_JJ  passes_NNS  at_IO  O_ZZ1  level_NN  in_IO  \0G.C.E_NP  or_CC  who_PNQS have_VH0  completed_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  general_JJ  course_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  started_VBN  and_CC  who_PNQS show_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  prospect_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  national_JJ  certificate_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS show_VV0  exceptional_JJ  academic_JJ  promise_NN  after_IO  completing_VBG  a_AT1  three_MC  year_NN  craft_NN  course_NN  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  general_JJ  courses_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  apply_VV0  in_IO  Scotland_NP  )_)  are_VBR  intended_VBN  to_TO  cater_VV0  for_IO  school_NN  leavers_NNS  of_IO  15_MC  and_CC  16_MC  who_PNQS show_VV0  promise_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  technicians_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  last_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  part-time_JB  day_NN  release_NN  or_CC  block_NN  release_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  intended_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  decide_VV0  whether_CS  a_AT1  student_NN  is_VBZ  better_RRR  fitted_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  technician's_NN1$  course_NN  or_CC  an_AT1  \0O.N.C_NP  .  
  the_AT1  examinations_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  externally_RR  administered_VBN  but_CCB  devised_VBN  and_CC  controlled_VBN  by_IO  teachers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  success_NN  again_RR  will_VM  of_RR  course_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  willingness_NN  of_IO  employers_NNS  to_TO  grant_VV0  day_NN  release_NN  .  
  the_AT1  crying_JJ  need_NN  in_IO  national_JJ  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  is_VBZ  for_IO  more_DA  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  240_MC  hours_NNS  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  technical_JJ  subjects_NNS  (_(  including_IO  maths_NN  and_CC  science_NN  )_)  and_CC  that_CS  90_MC  hours_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  devoted_VBN  to_IO  general_JJ  subjects_NNS  (_(  including_IO  English_NN1  and_CC  \0P.T_NN  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  lengthening_NN  of_IO  courses_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  lengthen_VV0  the_AT1  college_NN  year_NN  and_CC  worsen_VV0  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  teachers_NNS  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  extending_VBG  day_NN  release_NN  to_IO  at_RR  least_RR  1_MC1  1/2_MC  days_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  happen_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  voluntary_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  also_RR  demand_VV0  a_AT1  big_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  staff_NN  .  
  this_DD1  problem_NN  has_VHZ  received_VBN  scant_JJ  attention_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  sufficient_JJ  teachers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  for_IO  even_RR  these_DD2  limited_JJ  proposals_NNS  unless_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  salaries_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  service_NN  .  
  Scottish_JJ  proposals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  white_JJ  paper_NN  runs_NNS  along_IO  similar_JJ  lines_NNS  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  modifications_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  set_NN  up_RP  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  getting_VBG  day_NN  release_NN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  from_IO  28,118_MC  in_IO  1955-56_MC-MC  to_IO  35,609_MC  in_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  falls_VBZ  far_RR  short_RR  of_IO  requirements_NNS  .  
  day_NN  release_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  under_IO  18_MC  is_VBZ  almost_RR  stationary_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  covers_VBZ  only_RR  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  insured_JJ  employment_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  technologist_NN  level_NN  the_AT1  government_NN  look_NN  forward_RR  to_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  associateships_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  advanced_JJ  courses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  institutions_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  asked_VBN  them_PPHO1  to_TO  review_VV0  their_APP$  entry_NN  requirements_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  decreasing_VBG  wastage_NN  .  
  a_AT1  minimum_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  2,000_MC  hours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  3_MC  year_NN  course_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  national_JJ  diploma_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  prescribed_VBN  to_TO  enable_VV0  a_AT1  broadening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  courses_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  national_JJ  diploma_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  full-time_JB  two_MC  year_NN  course_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  entry_NN  requirement_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  four_MC  passes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  grade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  certificate_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  national_JJ  certificate_NN  definite_JJ  entrance_NN  requirements_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  :_:  normally_RR  3_MC  passes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  grade_NN  in_IO  appropriate_JJ  subjects_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  entry_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  completed_VBN  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  guilds_NNS  course_NN  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  general_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  envisaged_VBN  for_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  not_XX  got_VBN  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  requirements_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  part-time_JB  day_NN  or_CC  evening_NN  classes_NNS  in_IO  further_JB  education_NN  centres_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  proposed_VBN  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  working_JJ  party_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  means_NNS  of_IO  improving_VBG  the_AT1  links_NNS  between_IO  schools_NNS  and_CC  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  for_IO  junior_JJ  secondary_JJ  pupils_NNS  .  
  education_NN  authorities_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  full-time_JB  courses_NNS  for_IO  first-year_JB  apprentices_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  all_DB  amounts_VBZ  to_IO  .  
  the_AT1  sting_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  often_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  .  
  in_IO  \0Para_NN  64_MC  of_IO  \0Cmnd_NN  1254_MC  cost_NN  is_VBZ  touched_VBN  on_IO  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  no_AT1  figures_NNS  of_IO  additional_JJ  cost_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  affected_VBN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  staffing_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  extra_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  courses_NNS  and_CC  this_DD1    relatively_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  expenditure_NN  on_IO  technical_JJ  education_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  cost_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  greater_JJ  if_CS    as_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  hope_VV0    the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  leads_VBZ  to_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  brave_JJ  words_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  revolution_NN  affecting_VBG  half_DB  a_AT1  million_MC  students_NNS  boil_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  rationalisation_NN  of_IO  courses_NNS  covering_VBG  existing_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  students_NNS  .  
  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  they_PPHS2  will_VM  not_XX  increase_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  education_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  proposals_NNS  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  school_NN  leaving_NN  age_NN  to_IO  16_MC  and_CC  to_TO  introduce_VV0  compulsory_JJ  part-time_JB  day_NN  release_NN  from_IO  15-18_MC-MC  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  is_VBZ  useful_JJ  :_:  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  left_VBN  out_RP  is_VBZ  vital_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  association_NN  for_IO  commercial_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  education_NN  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  (_(  8.1.61_MC  )_)  as_CS  saying_VBG  :_:  
    this_DD1  white_JJ  paper_NN  is_VBZ  merely_RR  an_AT1  administrative_JJ  caper_NN  .  
  by_IO  rationalisation_NN  it_PPH1  produces_VBZ  better_JJ  value_NN  for_IO  money_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  avoids_VBZ  the_AT1  peril_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  idea_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  major_JJ  reform_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  without_IO  compulsory_JJ  day_NN  release_NN  .    
  that_DD1  accurately_RR  sums_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  value_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  deficiency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  white_JJ  papers_NNS  .  
  polishing_VBG  up_RP  furniture_NN  .  
  furniture_NN  wears_VBZ  its_APP$  rue_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  unlike_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  had_VHN  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  for_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  prove_VV0  its_APP$  productive_JJ  potential_NN  .  
  for_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  its_APP$  whole_JJ  manpower_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_CS  the_AT1  vehicle_NN  sector_NN  gains_VBZ  or_CC  loses_VBZ  as_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  cycle_NN  turns_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  organisation_NN  ,_,  nearer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  pre-automated_JB  era_NN  than_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  consumer_NN  durable_JJ  industries_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  also_RR  among_IO  its_APP$  producing_JJ  units_NNS  the_AT1  most_RG  up-to-date_JJ  exemplars_NNS  of_IO  flow_NN  production_NN  ,_,  allied_VBN  with_IO  styling_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  always_RR  will_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  two_MC  crafts_NNS    one_MC1  the_AT1  craftsman_NN  using_VBG  tools_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  the_AT1  craftsman_NN  using_VBG  mass_NN  production_NN  and_CC  flow_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  steady_JJ  falling_NN  out_RP  of_IO  smaller_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  thousand_MC  have_VH0  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  business_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  2,000_MC  now_RL  remain_VV0  .  
  ten_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  firms_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  annual_JJ  turnover_NN  of_IO  *+1/2_NNU  \0m_MC  each_DD1  accounted_VVD  for_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  output_NN  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  proportion_NN  is_VBZ  two-fifths_MC2  .  
  this_DD1  development_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  two_MC  effects_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  the_AT1  productivity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  highly_RR  mechanised_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  indeed_RR  set_VBN  up_RP  two_MC  standards_NNS  of_IO  productivity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  medium_JB  sized_JJ  firms_NNS  are_VBR  squeezed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  methods_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  the_AT1  status_NN  and_CC  bargaining_NN  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  units_NNS  .  
  for_CS  furniture_NN  has_VHZ  suffered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  twin_NN  facts_NNS  that_CS  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  the_AT1  distribution_NN  firms_NNS  acquired_VVD  greater_JJ  power_NN  as_IO  against_II  the_AT1  manufacturers_NNS  by_IO  mergers_NNS  and_CC  expansion_NN  and_CC  channelled_VVD  sales_NNS  into_IO  \0H.P_NP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  could_VM  knock_VV0  smaller_JJ  shops_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  get_VV0  higher_JJ  discounts_NNS  and_CC  afford_VV0  to_TO  carry_VV0  stocks_NNS  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  timber_NN  supply_NN  units_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  rising_JJ  surplus_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  made_VBN  from_IO  higher_JJ  productivity_NN  was_VBDZ  either_LE  passed_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  retailer_NN  or_CC  snatched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  suppliers_NNS  .  how_CS to_TO  transfer_VV0  authority_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Ivor_NP  Jennings_NP  discusses_VBZ  problems_NNS  of_IO  newly_RR  formed_JJ  nations_NNS  .  
  nearly_RR  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS \0D_NP  \0S_NP  Senanayake_NP  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  prepare_VV0  a_AT1  draft_NN  constitution_NN  for_IO  consideration_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Ceylonese_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  constitution_NN  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  very_RG  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  details_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  power_NN  from_IO  British_JJ  to_IO  Ceylonese_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  remark_NN  several_DA  times_NNS  since_II  .  
  as_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hastings_NP  Banda_NP  said_VVD  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  power_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  this_DD1  attitude_NN  is_VBZ  short-sighted_JJ  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  nobody_PN1  can_VM  transfer_VV0  power_NN  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  legal_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  transferred_VBN  is_VBZ  legal_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,  and_CC  legal_JJ  authority_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  confer_VV0  power_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  legal_JJ  authority_NN  to_TO  knock_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  down_RP  ,_,  you_PPY  still_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  knock_VV0  him_PPHO1  down_RP  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  may_VM  prefer_VV0  to_TO  knock_VV0  you_PPY  down_RP  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  nationalists_NNS  have_VH0  legal_JJ  authority_NN  to_TO  govern_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  follow_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  power_NN  or_CC  capacity_NN  to_TO  govern_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  classic_JJ  example_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  King_NNSB1  and_CC  parliament_NN  transferred_VVD  legal_JJ  authority_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  parliament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  such_DA  anarchy_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  step_VV0  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  machinery_NN  of_IO  government_NN  is_VBZ  complicated_JJ  and_CC  sensitive_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  composed_VBN  of_IO  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  it_PPH1  requires_VBZ  the_AT1  collaboration_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  servants_NNS  ,_,  civil_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  ,_,  have_VH0  to_TO  obey_VV0  orders_NNS  ;_;  even_RR  then_RL  ,_,  government_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  efficient_JJ  unless_CS  the_AT1  people_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  accept_VV0  leadership_NN  loyally_RR  and_CC  enthusiastically_RR  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  legal_JJ  authority_NN  from_IO  British_JJ  to_IO  Asian_JJ  or_CC  African_JJ  hands_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  as_RG  slowly_RR  and_CC  as_RG  cautiously_RR  as_CS  political_JJ  conditions_NNS  make_VV0  possible_JJ  .  
  long_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  learned_VVD  in_IO  India_NP  in_IO  1947_MC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  too_RG  quickly_RR  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  India_NP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  services_NNS  breaking_VBG  down_RP  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  obey_VV0  orders_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  ordinary_JJ  people_NNS  felt_VVD  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  insecurity_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  government_NN  .  
  in_IO  Africa_NP  the_AT1  danger_NN  is_VBZ  even_RR  greater_JJ  .  
  few_DA  African_JJ  leaders_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  vast_JJ  political_JJ  experience_NN  which_DDQ  Nehru_NP  and_CC  Jinnah_NP  had_VHD  in_IO  1947_MC  .  
  India_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  integrated_VBN  under_IO  British_JJ  rule_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  200_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  Africa_NP  political_JJ  entities_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  very_RG  young_JJ  .  
  India_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  much_RR  larger_JJ  educated_JJ  class_NN  than_CS  Africa_NP  has_VHZ  .  
  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  public_JJ  services_NNS  were_VBDR  by_IO  1947_MC  almost_RR  wholly_RR  composed_VBN  of_IO  Indians_NP2  .  
  nationalists_NNS  are_VBR  nearly_RR  always_RR  impatient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  often_RR  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  deliberately_RR  slow_JJ  and_CC  evasive_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  office_NN  really_RR  tries_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  glide_VV0  so_RG  gently_RR  from_IO  colonial_JJ  rule_NN  to_IO  independence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  machinery_NN  of_IO  government_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  ticking_VBG  over_RP  as_CS  if_CS  no_AT1  fundamental_JJ  change_NN  had_VHD  taken_VBN  place_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Nigerian_JJ  leaders_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1953_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  slogan_NN    independence_NN  in_IO  1956_MC    .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  refused_VVD  to_TO  fix_VV0  a_AT1  date_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  gradual_JJ  transfer_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  ,_,  first_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  regions_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  ;_;  and_CC  Nigeria_NP  became_VVD  independent_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  fuss_NN  or_CC  bother_NN  ,_,  on_IO  October_NN1  1_MC1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  my_APP$  second_MD  criticism_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Senanayake's_PPIO2  formula_NN  about_IO  powers_NNS  is_VBZ  even_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  overlooked_VVD  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Ceylon_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  governed_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  years_NNS  after_IO  independence_NN  but_CCB  for_IO  all_DB  time_NN  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  raises_VBZ  several_DA  questions_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  anybody_PN1  could_VM  foresee_VV0  ,_,  Ceylon_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  revenue_NN  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  government_NN  .  
  that_DD1  revenue_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  export_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  rubber_NN  ,_,  and_CC  coconuts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  industries_NNS  would_VM  disappear_VV0  .  
  its_APP$  economy_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  diversified_VBN  as_CS  its_APP$  population_NN  grew_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  capital_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  income_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  plantation_NN  crops_NNS  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  began_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  flourishing_JJ  industries_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  places_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP  of_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  said_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  anybody_PN1  would_VM  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  independence_NN  for_IO  Sierra_NP  Leone_NP  if_CS  diamonds_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  discovered_VBN  ,_,  because_CS  diamonds_NNS  and_CC  iron_NN  ore_NN  make_VV0  up_RP  70_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  its_APP$  exports_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  that_CS  Northern_NP  Rhodesia_NP  could_VM  keep_VV0  going_VBG  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  its_APP$  mining_NN  industry_NN  was_VBDZ  efficiently_RR  run_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  has_VHZ  yet_RR  discovered_VBN  sufficient_JJ  natural_JJ  resources_NNS  in_IO  Nyasaland_NP  to_TO  enable_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  feet_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  resources_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  in_IO  present_JJ  conditions_NNS  be_VB0  exploited_VBN  ,_,  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  far_RR  from_IO  their_APP$  markets_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  politicians_NNS  think_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  get_VV0  subsidies_NNS  from_IO  elsewhere_RR  .  
  but_CCB  subsidies_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  given_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  pure_JJ  generosity_NN  are_VBR  rare_JJ  :_:  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  normally_RR  given_VBN  to_TO  secure_VV0  political_JJ  advantages_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  whether_CS  the_AT1  motive_NN  is_VBZ  generous_JJ  or_CC  political_JJ  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  being_VBG  withdrawn_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  economic_JJ  problem_NN  raises_VBZ  the_AT1  political_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  to_TO  exploit_VV0  natural_JJ  resources_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  with_IO  well-established_JJ  industries_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  tea_NN  plantations_NNS  of_IO  Ceylon_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  constant_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  capital_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  coconut_NN  industry_NN  in_IO  Ceylon_NP  is_VBZ  going_VBG  downhill_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  trees_NNS  are_VBR  growing_VBG  old_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  enough_DD  are_VBR  being_VBG  replaced_VBN  with_IO  young_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  fear_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  instability_NN  the_AT1  owners_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  local_JJ  or_CC  otherwise_RR  ,_,  will_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  taking_VBG  as_RG  much_DA  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  and_CC  putting_VBG  into_IO  it_PPH1  as_RG  little_DA  as_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  .  
  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  political_JJ  instability_NN  leads_NNS  to_IO  economic_JJ  instability_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  that_DD1  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  ample_JJ  natural_JJ  resources_NNS  .  
  after_IO  Sharpeville_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  investors_NNS  thought_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  instability_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large-scale_JB  selling_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  shares_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  bought_VBN  in_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  involved_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  flow_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  out_RP  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  which_DDQ  will_VM  have_VH0  serious_JJ  effects_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  economic_JJ  problem_NN  is_VBZ  part_NN  only_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fragmentation_NN  of_IO  parties_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  no_AT1  party_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  govern_VV0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  intrigue_NN  or_CC  corruption_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  .  
  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  sectional_JJ  differences_NNS  may_VM  become_VV0  acute_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  politicians_NNS  will_VM  deliberately_RR  play_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  win_VV0  votes_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  difficulties_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  foreseen_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  guarded_VBN  against_IO  .  
  my_APP$  main_JB  criticism_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Senanayake's_PPIO2  remark_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  constitutional_JJ  provisions_NNS  which_DDQ  foresee_VV0  and_CC  guard_VV0  against_IO  these_DD2  difficulties_NNS  are_VBR  fundamentally_RR  important_JJ  .  
  actually_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  his_APP$  remark_NN  too_RG  seriously_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  put_VV0  responsibility_NN  on_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  suggesting_VBG  what_DDQ  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  and_CC  how_CS they_PPHS2  might_VM  be_VB0  met_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  three_MC  months_NNS  we_PPIS2  spent_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  time_NN  on_IO  those_DD2  problems_NNS  and_CC  eventually_RR  produced_VVD  a_AT1  draft_NN  constitution_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  approved_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  modifications_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  Ceylonese_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  and_CC  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  a_AT1  complete_JJ  success_NN  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  then_RL  as_RG  much_DA  about_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  Ceylon_NP  as_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  now_RL  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  different_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  common_JJ  experience_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accumulated_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  about_IO  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  reasonably_RR  be_VB0  foreseen_VBN  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  solved_VBN    in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  ever_RR  can_VM  be_VB0  solved_VBN    before_CS  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  and_CC  permanent_JJ  constitution_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  carefully_RR  worked_VBN  out_RP  beforehand_RR  .  
  each_DD1  territory_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  problems_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  experience_NN  does_VBZ  suggest_VV0  some_DD  generalizations_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  new_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  India_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  several_DA  advantages_NNS  which_DDQ  most_DA  other_DA  countries_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  possess_VV0  :_:  but_CCB  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  specially_RR  mentioned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  national_JJ  congress_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  and_CC  well-organized_JJ  party_NN  even_RR  in_IO  1947_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  just_RR  an_AT1  assembly_NN  of_IO  politicians_NNS  hoping_VBG  for_IO  jobs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  its_APP$  roots_NNS  deep_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  villages_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  strength_NN  has_VHZ  carried_VBN  India_NP  through_RP  since_IO  1947_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  break_VV0  up_RP  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  decade_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  chance_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  put_VBN  democratic_JJ  government_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  firm_JJ  footing_NN  for_IO  all_DB  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  and_CC  broad-minded_JJ  leader_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Nehru_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  down_RP  sectional_JJ  loyalties_NNS  while_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  recognizing_VBG  cultural_JJ  differences_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  sought_VBN  to_TO  integrate_VV0  the_AT1  different_JJ  communities_NNS  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  India_NP  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  even_RR  tried_VBN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  partnership_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN  generally_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  sought_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  considerable_JJ  success_NN  ,_,  to_TO  enable_VV0  every_AT1  person_NN  ,_,  without_IO  distinction_NN  of_IO  race_NN  ,_,  caste_NN  ,_,  or_CC  creed_NN  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  as_RG  large_JJ  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  government_NN  as_CS  his_APP$  abilities_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  interests_NNS  allowed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  model_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  certainly_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  example_NN  so_RG  far_RR  provided_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  example_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  followed_VBN  in_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  recipe_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  constitution_NN  which_DDQ  gives_VBZ  full_JJ  protection_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  interests_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  however_CS diverse_JJ  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  ensure_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  full_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  broad-minded_JJ  and_CC  patriotic_JJ  leaders_NNS  who_PNQS remember_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  mortal_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  nation_NN  is_VBZ  immortal_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  establish_VV0  such_DA  precedents_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  create_VV0  such_DA  conditions_NNS  that_CS  their_APP$  work_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  long_RR  after_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  dead_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  successors_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  entirely_RR  different_JJ  views_NNS  on_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  that_PNQS arise_VV0  .  
  in_IO  constitutional_JJ  terms_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  themselves_PPX2  whether_CS  the_AT1  machinery_NN  of_IO  government_NN  will_VM  work_VV0  just_RR  as_RG  well_RR  when_CS their_APP$  political_JJ  opponents_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  office_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  now_RL  ,_,  while_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  office_NN  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  educational_JJ  system_NN  which_DDQ  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  young_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  mission_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  spurn_VV0  the_AT1  pettinesses_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  rivalry_NN  and_CC  keep_VV0  in_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  larger_JJ  patriotism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  needs_VBZ  goodwill_NN  and_CC  hard_JJ  work_NN  .  
  nationalist_JJ  politics_NN  ,_,  like_IO  every_AT1  other_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  works_VBZ  itself_PPX1  into_IO  slogans_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  repetition_NN  pleases_VBZ  those_DD2  who_PNQS use_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  gradually_RR  become_VV0  empty_JJ  of_IO  meaning_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Senanayake's_PPIO2  formula_NN    transfer_NN  of_IO  power_NN    had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  slogan_NN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  work_VV0  hard_RR  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  united_JJ  people_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  scheme_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  compromise_NN  of_IO  competing_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  in_IO  1948_MC  was_VBDZ  smooth_JJ  and_CC  peaceful_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  constitution_NN  worked_VVD  well_RR  until_CS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  in_IO  1952_MC  and_CC  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  afterwards_RR  .    
  general_JJ  overseas_JB  service_NN  .  
  patterns_NNS  of_IO  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Africa_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  a_AT1  party_NN  system_NN  possible_JJ  in_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Ivor_NP  Jennings_NP  considers_VBZ  some_DD  constitutional_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  country_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  has_VHZ  adopted_VBN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  responsible_JJ  government_NN  with_IO  adult_JJ  franchise_NN  .  
  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  transition_NN  from_IO  British_JJ  rule_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  well_RR  prepared_VBN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  stable_JJ  government_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  eight_MC  or_CC  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  experience_NN  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  Asia_NP  but_CCB  also_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  Canada_NP  and_CC  Australia_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  difficulties_NNS  .  
  politicians_NNS  find_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  main_JB  object_NN  is_VBZ  self-government_NN  or_CC  independence_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  find_VV0  it_PPH1  less_RG  easy_JJ  when_CS independence_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  attained_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  disagreement_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  about_IO  policies_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  about_IO  personalities_NNS  ;_;  often_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  about_IO  both_DB2  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  plenty_NN  of_IO  disagreements_NNS  in_IO  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  governments_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  system_NN  differs_VBZ  from_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  a_AT1  newly_RR  independent_JJ  country_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  rests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  huge_JJ  party_NN  organization_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  break_VV0  away_RP  and_CC  form_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  unless_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  major_JJ  split_NN  right_RR  down_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  can_VM  happen_VV0  only_RR  over_IO  an_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  fundamental_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  on_IO  any_DD  smaller_JJ  issue_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  dissenting_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  either_LE  to_TO  acquiesce_VV0  and_CC  carry_VV0  on_RP  as_IO  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  or_CC  step_VV0  outside_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  and_CC  remain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  candid_JJ  but_CCB  friendly_JJ  critic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  newly_RR  independent_JJ  country_NN  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  party_NN  organization_NN  in_IO  depth_NN  ,_,  bound_VBN  together_RR  by_IO  ancient_JJ  loyalties_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  hardly_RR  exist_VV0  .  military_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS chooses_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  to_TO  speak_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  need_VM  take_VV0  no_AT1  special_JJ  pains_NNS  to_TO  time_VV0  his_APP$  remarks_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  topical_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  matter_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  current_JJ  affairs_NNS  bring_VV0  almost_RR  continuously_RR  to_IO  our_APP$  notice_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  prominent_JJ  political_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  time_NN  invite_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  consider_VV0  this_DD1  subject_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  defence_NN  policy_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inseparable_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  does_VBZ  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  pacifist_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  unilateralist_NN  to_TO  feel_VV0  some_DD  anxiety_NN  concerning_IO  the_AT1  fateful_JJ  decisions_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  governments_NNS  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  question_NN  is_VBZ  persistent_JJ  :_:  in_IO  Washington_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Moscow_NP  ,_,  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  above_IO  all_DB  perhaps_RR  in_IO  \0N.A.T.O_NP  \0H.Q_NP  ,_,  how_CS great_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  impact_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  advice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  formulation_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  bleakest_JJT  moments_NNS  of_IO  gloom_NN  ,_,  many_DA  people_NNS  are_VBR  fearful_JJ  ,_,  convinced_VBN  that_CS  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  are_VBR  swayed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  formidable_JJ  demands_NNS  of_IO  belligerent_JJ  generals_NNS  for_IO  newer_JJ  ,_,  bigger_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  deadly_JJ  weapons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  swayed_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  and_CC  technological_JJ  advances_NNS  in_IO  weapons_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  for_IO  lay_JB  politicians_NNS  to_TO  resist_VV0  or_CC  even_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  argue_VV0  against_IO  such_DA  demands_NNS  .  
  caught_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  pincer_NN  movement_NN  between_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  fears_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  incomprehensible_JJ  and_CC  therefore_RR  unanswerable_JJ  claims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  technologists_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  send_VV0  defence_NN  budgets_NNS  soaring_VBG  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  pay_VV0  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  price_NN  here_RL  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  left_JJ  wondering_VBG  if_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  save_VV0  us_PPIO2   from_IO  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  terrible_JJ  price_NN  later_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  problem_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  regimes_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  or_CC  another_DD1    the_AT1  astonishing_JJ  succession_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  take-over_NN  bids_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  witnessed_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  simply_RR  undue_JJ  military_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  discussions_NNS  of_IO  civil_JJ  governments_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  complete_JJ  replacement_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  leaders_NNS  by_IO  military_JJ  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  seats_NNS  of_IO  supreme_JJ  power_NN  .  
  although_CS  these_DD2  two_MC  problems_NNS  seem_VV0  perfectly_RR  and_CC  entirely_RR  modern_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_IO  two_MC  facets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  fundamental_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  civil-military_JB  relations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  further_RR  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  recognise_VV0  this_DD1  problem_NN  as_CS  not_XX  wholly_RR  new_JJ  .  
    true_JJ  political_JJ  sagacity_NN    ,_,  as_CS  Burke_NP  remarked_VVD  ,_,    manifests_VBZ  itself_PPX1  in_IO  distinguishing_VBG  that_DD1  complaint_NN  which_DDQ  only_RR  characterizes_VBZ  the_AT1  general_JJ  infirmity_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  are_VBR  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  distemperature_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  air_NN  and_CC  season_NN    .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  politics_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  large_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  kinds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  to_TO  approach_VV0  the_AT1  two_MC  problems_NNS  indirectly_RR    through_IO  a_AT1  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  growing_JJ  frequency_NN  and_CC  apparent_JJ  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  coup_&FW  d'e*?2tat_&FW  may_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  surprise_VV0  us_PPIO2   and_CC  we_PPIS2  may_VM  have_VH0  grown_VBN  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  asking_VBG  only_RR    where_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  this_DD1  time_NN  .  which_WDTI  service_NN  .  what_DDQ  rank_NN  of_IO  officer_NN  .  and_CC  have_VH0  they_PPHS2  taken_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  station_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Times_NP  greeted_VVD  recent_JJ  Vietnam_NP  events_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  weary_JJ  disapproval_NN  :_:  
    once_RR  again_RR  a_AT1  paratroop_NN  officer_NN  has_VHZ  struck_VBN  before_IO  dawn_NN  and_CC  set_VBN  off_RP  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  sequence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  south_NN1  east_NN1  Asian_JJ  coup_&FW  d'e*?2tat_&FW  .    
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  same_DA  paper_NN  has_VHZ  called_VBN  a_AT1    British_JJ  obsession_NN  about_IO  soldiers_NNS  in_IO  politics_NN    ,_,  then_RL  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  giving_VBG  us_PPIO2   plenty_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  obsessed_VBN  about_IO  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  week_NN  that_PNQS saw_VVD  the_AT1  \0S_NP  Vietnam_NP  coup_NN  there_EX  occurred_VVD  the_AT1  purge_NN  of_IO  colonels_NNS  in_IO  Turkey_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  amazingly_RR  provocative_JJ  and_CC  subversive_JJ  statements_NNS  by_IO  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  retired_JJ  Generals_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  army_NN  dissociating_VBG  themselves_PPX2  from_IO  the_AT1  supposed_JJ  policy_NN  of_IO  President_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  .  
  before_IO  that_DD1  but_CCB  still_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  season_NN  \0Col_NNSB1  Mobuto_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  emerged_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  possession_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  country's_NN1$  strange_JJ  and_CC  unhappy_JJ  political_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  before_IO  that_DD1  again_RR  ,_,  last_DA  summer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  established_JJ  government_NN  of_IO  Turkey_NP  found_VVD  itself_PPX1  under_IO  arrest_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  own_DA  army_NN  leaders_NNS  sitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  supreme_JJ  control_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  of_IO  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  eight_MC  years_NNS  soldiers_NNS  have_VH0  taken_VBN  political_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  as_RG  many_DA  countries_NNS  :_:  Neguib_NP  and_CC  then_RL  Nasser_NP  in_IO  Egypt_NP  ,_,  Kassim_NP  in_IO  Iraq_NP  ,_,  Ayub_NP  in_IO  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  Abboud_NP  in_IO  Sudan_NP  ,_,  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  gentlemanly_JJ  interlude_NN  of_IO  General_NNSB1  Ne_NP  Win_NP  in_IO  Burma_NP    cases_NNS  from_IO  Asia_NP  ,_,  Africa_NP  ,_,  Europe_NP  .  
  political_JJ  epidemiologists_NNS  may_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  justified_VBN  in_IO  regarding_VBG  \0S_NP  America_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  middle_JB  east_NN1  as_IO  peculiarly_RR  vulnerable_JJ  areas_NNS    especially_RR  if_CS  Sudan_NP  ,_,  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  Algeria_NP  and_CC  (_(  some_DD  would_VM  add_VV0  )_)  Spain_NP  are_VBR  counted_VBN  as_IO  extensions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  east_NN1    but_CCB  evidently_RR  no_AT1  region_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  trend_NN  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  on_IO  horseback_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  riding_VBG  hard_RR  and_CC  people_NNS  of_IO  liberal_JJ  outlook_NN  do_VD0  feel_VV0  some_DD  concern_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  even_RR  when_CS certain_JJ  acts_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  regimes_NNS    such_IO  as_II  a_AT1  ruthless_JJ  drive_NN  against_IO  black-marketeers_NNS    secure_VV0  our_APP$  approval_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS is_VBZ  this_DD1  general_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  politics_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  explained_VBN  .  
  how_CS far_RR  is_VBZ  one_MC1  justified_VBN  in_IO  referring_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  disease_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  concern_NN  ,_,  or_CC  is_VBZ  concern_NN  indeed_RR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  unreasonable_JJ  obsession_NN  .  
  before_IO  glancing_VBG  at_IO  what_DDQ  historical_JJ  experience_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  general_JJ  considerations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  suggested_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  profession_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  not_XX  all_DB  societies_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  marked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  separate_JJ  profession_NN  .  
  in_IO  simple_JJ  societies_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  specialization_NN  or_CC  division_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  today's_NP1  warrior_NN  is_VBZ  tomorrow's_NP1  cultivator_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  wars_NNS  is_VBZ  when_CS the_AT1  harvest_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  got_VBN  in_RP  .  
  anthropologists_NNS  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  many_DA  tribal_JJ  societies_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  case_NN  with_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  fairly_RR  developed_JJ  feudal_JJ  polities_NNS  of_IO  medieval_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  of_IO  armed_JJ  forces_NNS  in_IO  battle_NN  are_VBR  in_IO  such_DA  societies_NNS  men_NNS  who_PNQS assume_VV0  this_DD1  role_NN  only_RR  as_IO  one_MC1  among_IO  many_DA  .  
  military_JJ  leadership_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  clearly_RR  distinguished_VBN  from_IO  social_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  leadership_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  most_DA  large_JJ  and_CC  developed_JJ  states_NNS    and_CC  even_RR  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  small_JJ  states_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  world_NN    the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  power_NN  ,_,  civil_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  ,_,  do_VD0  come_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  separate_JJ  .  
  when_CS this_DD1  happens_VBZ  the_AT1  type_NN  (_(  or_CC  types_NNS  )_)  of_IO  military_JJ  man_NN  emerges_VBZ  .  
  his_APP$  features_NNS  were_VBDR  described_VBN  already_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  all_DB  political_JJ  philosophers_NNS  .  
  compared_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  men_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  Plato_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  military_JJ  man_NN  is_VBZ    more_RG  self-willed_JJ  and_CC  rather_RR  less_RG  well-read_JJ    ,_,    ready_JJ  to_TO  listen_VV0  but_CCB  quite_RR  incapable_JJ  of_IO  expressing_VBG  himself_PPX1    ;_;    he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  harsh_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  slaves_NNS  .  polite_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  equals_NNS  and_CC  will_VM  obey_VV0  his_APP$  superiors_NNS  readily_RR    ;_;    he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  ambitious_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  office_NN  himself_PPX1    .  
  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  regime_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  thought_VVD  Plato_NP  ,_,  great_JJ  respect_NN  for_IO  authority_NN  but_CCB    a_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  admitting_VBG  intelligent_JJ  people_NNS  to_IO  office_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  preference_NN  for_IO    simple_JJ  and_CC  hearty_JJ  types_NNS  who_PNQS prefer_VV0  war_NN  to_IO  peace_NN    .  
  the_AT1  sketch_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  caricature_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  man_NN  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  remarkably_RR  little_RR  in_IO  over_RR  2,000_MC  years_NNS  .  
  de_&FW  Tocqueville_NP  writing_VBG  a_AT1  mere_JB  120_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  understood_VVD  well_RR  the_AT1  political_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  .  
    whatever_DDQ  taste_NN  democratic_JJ  nations_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  for_IO  peace_NN  they_PPHS2  must_VM  hold_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  readiness_NN  to_TO  repel_VV0  aggression_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  army_NN  .  .  
  their_APP$  armies_NNS  always_RR  exercise_VV0  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  influence_NN  .  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  of_IO  singular_JJ  importance_NN  to_TO  inquire_VV0  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  natural_JJ  propensities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  of_IO  whom_WPO  these_DD2  armies_NNS  are_VBR  composed_VBN    .  
  he_PPHO1  distinguished_VVD  types_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  contrasted_VVD  the_AT1  professional_JJ  military_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  democracy_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  an_AT1  aristocracy_NN  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  aristocracy_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  description_NN  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  most_DA  of_IO  Europe_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN    the_AT1  social_JJ  top_JB  layer_NN  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1  military_JJ  top_JB  layer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  society_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  men_NNS  accept_VV0  their_APP$  places_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  officer_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  has_VHZ  little_DA  ambition_NN  because_CS  military_JJ  rank_NN  is_VBZ  but_II  an_AT1  appendage_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  social_JJ  status_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  military_JJ  profession_NN  is_VBZ  held_VBN  in_IO  high_JJ  esteem_NN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  alters_VBZ  when_CS egalitarian_JJ  and_CC  democratic_JJ  ideas_NNS  come_VV0  with_IO  social_JJ  change_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  shuns_VBZ  the_AT1  military_JJ  profession_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  honoured_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  honoured_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  has_VHZ  ceased_VBN  to_TO  follow_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  increasingly_RR  isolated_VBN  from_IO  civil_JJ  society_NN  the_AT1  professional_JJ  army_NN    eventually_RR  forms_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  nation_NN  by_IO  itself_PPX1  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  less_RRR  enlarged_VBN  and_CC  habits_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  rude_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  at_RR  large_RR    .  
  the_AT1  officers_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  get_VV0  military_JJ  rank_NN  from_IO  social_JJ  status_NN  but_CCB  rather_RR  owe_VV0  what_DDQ  social_JJ  status_NN  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  to_IO  their_APP$  military_JJ  rank_NN  .  
  ambition_NN  and_CC  competition_NN  for_IO  promotion_NN  thus_RR  become_VV0  intense_JJ  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  all_DB  proportion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  peacetime_NN  opportunities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  army_NN  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  restless_JJ  ,_,  dissatisfied_JJ  .  
  and_CC  against_IO  whom_WPOI  will_VM  it_PPH1  vent_VV0  its_APP$  anger_NN  if_CS  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  one_MC1  more_DA  unfair_JJ  caricature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  memoirs_NNS  and_CC  biographies_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  men_NNS  perhaps_RR  suggest_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  enough_DD  truth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  understand_VV0  why_CS civil-military_JB  relations_NNS    which_DDQ  necessarily_RR  arise_VV0  whenever_CS the_AT1  roles_NNS  are_VBR  distinct_JJ    have_VH0  seldom_RR  been_VBN  easy_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  military_JJ  profession_NN  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  operate_VV0  in_IO  close_JJ  proximity_NN  to_IO  and_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  instrument_NN  of_IO  last_DA  resort_NN  for_IO  civil_JJ  authority_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  the_AT1  training_NN  and_CC  disposition_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  leaders_NNS  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  as_RG  far_RR  removed_VBN  as_CS  possible_JJ  in_IO  spirit_NN  and_CC  mood_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  politician_NN  or_CC  statesman_NN  .  
  a_AT1  military_JJ  operation_NN  is_VBZ  conducted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  orders_NNS  expressed_VBN  in_IO  simple_JJ  and_CC  direct_JJ  language_NN  ;_;  political_JJ  operations_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  effected_VBN  through_IO  understandings_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  ill-defined_JJ  in_IO  nature_NN  .  
  these_DD2  differences_NNS  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jobs_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  underlined_VBN  through_IO  training_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  man_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  move_VV0  tentatively_RR  towards_IO  a_AT1  goal_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  from_IO  its_APP$  very_DA  nature_NN  be_VB0  defined_VBN  with_IO  precision_NN  in_IO  advance_NN  .  
  means_NNS  and_CC  ends_NNS  are_VBR  hopelessly_RR  mixed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  simply_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  choosing_VBG  means_NN  x_ZZ1  to_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  goal_NN  y_ZZ1  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  goal_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  pursuing_VBG  a_AT1  given_JJ  means_NN  .  
  the_AT1  politician's_NN1$  work_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  secure_VV0  social_JJ  co-operation_NN  through_IO  compromise_NN  :_:  where_CS this_DD1  will_VM  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  fully_RR  know_VV0  except_CS  by_IO  starting_VBG  and_CC  feeling_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  interests_NNS  and_CC  opinions_NNS  .  
  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  general_JJ  terms_NNS  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  an_AT1  objective_NN  already_RR  defined_VBN  .  
  and_CC  excessive_JJ  precision_NN  will_VM  only_RR  make_VV0  movement_NN  difficult_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  soldier_NN  works_VBZ  differently_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  his_APP$  objective_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  clearest_JJT  possible_JJ  fashion_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  will_VM  then_RL  state_VV0  his_APP$  requirements_NNS  and_CC  dispose_VV0  his_APP$  forces_NNS  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  gain_VV0  the_AT1  object_NN  .  
  in_IO  military_JJ  arrangements_NNS  flexibility_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  evil_NN  and_CC  ambiguity_NN  may_VM  easily_RR  cost_VV0  lives_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  politics_NN  flexibility_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  rule_NN  and_CC  ambiguity_NN  an_AT1  essential_JJ  instrument_NN  .  
  put_VBN  thus_RR  shortly_RR  ,_,  such_DA  considerations_NNS  may_VM  nevertheless_RR  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   willing_JJ  to_TO  regard_VV0  military_JJ  incursions_NNS  into_IO  politics_NN  as_IO  prima_&FW  facie_&FW  matters_NNS  for_IO  concern_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  term_NN  disease_NN  as_CS  prima_&FW  facie_&FW  fitting_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  skills_NNS  and_CC  ways_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  transaction_NN  of_IO  polity_NN  business_NN  are_VBR  so_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  those_DD2  needed_VBN  for_IO  military_JJ  operations_NNS  that_CS  any_DD  transfer_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  normally_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  inappropriate_JJ  ,_,  unhealthy_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  politic_JJ  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  stress_VV0    normally_NC2    because_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  conceded_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  some_DD  situations_NNS  military_JJ  rule_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  advantageous_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  are_VBR  situations_NNS  of_IO  bodies_NNS  politic_JJ  already_RR  in_IO  bad_JJ  shape_NN  .  )_)  
  yet_RR  ,_,  however_CS inappropriate_JJ  and_CC  unhealthy_JJ  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  men_NNS  into_IO  politics_NN  ,_,  a_DA  little_DA  reflection_NN  may_VM  well_RR  prompt_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  ask_VV0  not_XX  why_CS it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  when_CS it_PPH1  does_VBZ  but_CCB  why_CS it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  happen_VV0  more_RG  often_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  after_IO  all_DB  in_IO  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  awful_JJ  weapons_NNS  of_IO  last_DA  resort_NN  ;_;  why_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  not_XX  regularly_RR  tempted_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  achieve_VV0  supreme_JJ  power_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  .  
  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  usually_RR  recognize_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  job_NN  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  people_NNS  usually_RR  would_VM  not_XX  stand_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD    for_CS  how_CS in_IO  turn_NN  are_VBR  such_DA  attitudes_NNS  brought_VBN  about_RP  .  
  briefly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  two-fold_JJ  :_:  political_JJ  vigilance_NN  and_CC  military_JJ  professionalism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  imperfectly_RR  professional_JJ  army_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  careless_JJ  statesmen_NNS  or_CC  power_NN  vacuum_NN  which_DDQ  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  ingredients_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  intervention_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  successful_JJ  containment_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  power_NN  within_IO  its_APP$  proper_JJ  sphere_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  without_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  fortunate_JJ  British_NP2  should_VM  know_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  consider_VV0  how_CS much_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  constitutional_JJ  history_NN  has_VHZ  turned_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  standing_JJ  army_NN  .  thoughts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  50-megaton_JB  bomb_NN  .  
  Bertrand_NP  Russell_NP  .  
  all_DB  friends_NNS  of_IO  peace_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  profoundly_RR  shocked_VBN  and_CC  discouraged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government's_NN1$  resumption_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  culminating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  explosion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  50-megaton_JB  bomb_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  maintains_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  done_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  preserving_VBG  peace_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  nonsense_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  feared_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  will_VM  react_VV0  by_IO  very_RG  similar_JJ  nonsense_NN  .  
  on_IO  22_MC  October_NN1  ,_,  four_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  100_MC  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  ,_,  delivered_VVD  a_AT1  statement_NN  signed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Michael_NP  Scott_NP  and_CC  myself_PPX1  at_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  embassy_NN  protesting_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  explosion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  powerful_JJ  nuclear_JJ  weapon_NN  yet_RR  tested_VBN  .  
  somewhat_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  surprise_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  received_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  statement_NN  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  ,_,  very_RG  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  to_IO  certain_JJ  labour_NN  \0MPs_NNSB2  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  on_IO  31_MC  October_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  statement_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  usual_JJ  mixture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  and_CC  falsehood_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  learnt_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  from_IO  statesmen_NNS  of_IO  either_LE  side_NN  .  
  its_APP$  criticisms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  are_VBR  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  extent_NN  ,_,  justified_VBN  .  
  its_APP$  defence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  entirely_RR  unjustified_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  deplores_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  rightly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  west's_NP1  tardiness_NN  in_IO  agreeing_VBG  to_IO  negotiations_NNS  about_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  omits_VBZ  to_TO  mention_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  proposals_NNS  for_IO  solving_VBG  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  question_NN  would_VM  involve_VV0  so_RG  great_JJ  a_AT1  gain_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  side_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  west_NN1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  agree_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  omits_VBZ  ,_,  also_RR  ,_,  to_TO  emphasise_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  proposals_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  backed_VBN  by_IO  military_JJ  threats_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  truly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  Britain_NP  would_VM  suffer_VV0  more_RRR  than_IO  either_LE  America_NP  or_CC  Russia_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  in_IO  thinking_VBG  that_CS  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  promotes_VBZ  pacifism_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  carrying_VBG  out_RP  experimental_JJ  blasts_NNS  and_CC  improving_VBG  our_APP$  weapons_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  mankind_NN  may_VM  never_RR  experience_VV0  the_AT1  horrors_NNS  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  .    
  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  said_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  scarcely_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  sentiments_NNS  are_VBR  sincere_JJ  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  .  
  each_DD1  side_NN  proceeds_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  itself_PPX1  loves_VBZ  peace_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  warmongers_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  side_NN  proceeds_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  itself_PPX1  possesses_VBZ  infinite_JJ  courage_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  poltroons_NNS  who_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  frightened_VBN  by_IO  bluster_NN  .  
  each_DD1  side's_NN1$  bluster_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  produces_VBZ  bluster_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  ,_,  and_CC  brings_VBZ  war_NN  nearer_RRR  .  
  if_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  really_RR  believes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  explosion_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  50-megaton_JB  bomb_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  cause_VV0  a_AT1  love_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  possess_VV0  a_AT1  far_RR  smaller_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  credible_JJ  .  
  all_DB  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  who_PNQS are_VBR  working_VBG  to_TO  prevent_VV0  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  are_VBR  reduced_VBN  almost_RR  to_IO  despair_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  atrocious_JJ  actions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  ,_,  while_CS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  those_DD2  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  who_PNQS desire_VV0  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  are_VBR  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  every_AT1  crime_NN  and_CC  folly_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  is_VBZ  guilty_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  says_VBZ  :_:  
    the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  international_JJ  tension_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  arms_NNS  race_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  powers_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  matters_NNS  in_IO  dispute_NN  between_IO  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  settled_VBN  without_IO  war_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO  negotiation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  temper_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  negotiation_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  successful_JJ  if_CS  conducted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  professes_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  avoid_VV0    the_AT1  horrors_NNS  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  war_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  only_RR  half_RR  sincere_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  something_PN1  else_RR  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  much_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  namely_RR  the_AT1  avoidance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tiniest_JJT  concession_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  reason_NN  to_TO  fear_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  correlative_JJ  feeling_NN  exists_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  said_VBN  honestly_RR  by_IO  either_LE  side_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  considers_VBZ  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  the_AT1  worst_JJT  possible_JJ  disaster_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  paragraph_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev's_PPIO2  letter_NN  advocates_VBZ  general_JJ  and_CC  complete_JJ  disarmament_NN  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  information_NN  service_NN  has_VHZ  issued_VBN  a_AT1  pamphlet_NN  called_VBN  freedom_NN  from_IO  war_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  foreword_NN  by_IO  President_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  .  
  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  contained_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  pamphlet_NN  are_VBR  admirable_JJ  .  
  so_PN1  are_VBR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev's_PPIO2  proposals_NNS  for_IO  general_JJ  and_CC  complete_JJ  disarmament_NN  .  
  since_CS  both_DB2  sides_NNS  advocate_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  thought_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  about_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  supposes_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  because_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  supposes_VBZ  that_CS  either_LE  side_NN  sincerely_RR  desires_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  certainly_RR  the_AT1  explosion_NN  of_IO  50-megaton_JB  bombs_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  about_RP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  test_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  should_VM  suggest_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  statesmen_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  east_NN1  and_CC  west_NN1  :_:  
    when_CS you_PPY  feel_VV0  inclined_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  pronouncement_NN  ,_,  ask_VV0  yourself_PPX1  whether_CS  it_PPH1  differs_VBZ  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  pronouncement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  pronouncements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  tend_VV0  to_TO  promote_VV0  war_NN  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  insincere_JJ  and_CC  hypocritical_JJ  .  
  if_CS  your_APP$  pronouncements_NNS  and_CC  theirs_PP$  are_VBR  indistinguishable_JJ  ,_,  can_VM  you_PPY  wonder_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  find_VV0  yours_PP$  convincing_JJ  .    
  if_CS  war_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  sides_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  cease_VV0  from_IO  finding_VBG  fault_NN  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS the_AT1  fault-finding_NN  is_VBZ  justified_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  abandon_VV0  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  threats_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  driven_VBN  to_TO  mend_VV0  our_APP$  ways_NNS  by_IO  Soviet_NP  threats_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  will_VM  Russia_NP  be_VB0  driven_VBN  to_TO  mend_VV0  her_APP$  ways_NNS  by_IO  threats_NNS  from_IO  our_APP$  side_NN  .  
  threat_NN  and_CC  counter-threat_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  peace_NN  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  forgotten_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  friends_NNS  of_IO  man_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  saddened_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  decision_NN  to_TO  march_VV0  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  of_IO  folly_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  speaking_VBG  of_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  regard_VV0  as_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Krushchev's_PPIO2  mistakes_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  much_RR  less_RG  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  mistakes_NNS  made_VVD  on_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  side_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  easy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  formidable_JJ  list_NN  weighing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  not_XX  much_DA  less_DA  than_IO  50_MC  megatons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  air_NN  force_NN  association_NN  recently_RR  published_VVD  a_AT1  statement_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  policy_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  terrifying_JJ  document_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  read_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  leads_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  noble_JJ  peroration_NN  :_:  
    Soviet_NP  aims_NNS  are_VBR  both_DB2  evil_JJ  and_CC  implacable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  (_(  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  American_JJ  people_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  willing_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  towards_IO  ,_,  and_CC  fight_VV0  for_IO  if_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  communism_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  scene_NN  .  
  let_VV0  the_AT1  issue_NN  be_VB0  joined_VBN  .    
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  ferocious_JJ  document_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  amounts_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  death_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  race_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  presents_VBZ  the_AT1  aims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  enormous_JJ  economic_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  armament_NN  industry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  warlike_JJ  ardour_NN  of_IO  generals_NNS  and_CC  admirals_NNS    the_AT1  aims_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  armament_NN  lobby_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  powerful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  lobbies_NNS  that_PNQS largely_RR  determine_VV0  the_AT1  actions_NNS  of_IO  Congress_NP  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  danger_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  must_VM  face_VV0  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  very_RG  imminent_JJ  disaster_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  give_VV0  in_RP  to_IO  these_DD2  warmongers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  as_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  recent_JJ  actions_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  succumbed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  warmongers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  oppose_VV0  both_DB2  ,_,  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  both_DB2  are_VBR  guilty_JJ  of_IO  leading_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_IO  our_APP$  present_JJ  dangerous_JJ  pass_NN  ,_,  that_CS  both_DB2  now_RL  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  bit_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  urge_VV0  the_AT1  west_NN1    since_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  influence_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  west_NN1    to_TO  insist_VV0  upon_IO  negotiation_NN  with_IO  determination_NN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  issue_NN  ,_,  to_TO  refuse_VV0  to_TO  answer_VV0  provocative_JJ  acts_NNS  with_IO  provocative_JJ  acts_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  refuse_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  war_NN  .  
  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  American_JJ  defence_NN  .  
  Kingsley_NP  Martin_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  assess_VV0  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ,_,  after_IO  talks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Pentagon_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  state_NN  department_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  that_PNQS lie_VV0  behind_IO  American_JJ  defence_NN  policy_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  regime_NN  differs_VBZ  from_IO  its_APP$  predecessor_NN  in_IO  not_XX  thinking_VBG  about_IO    containing_VBG  communism_NN    or_CC    rolling_VBG  back_RP    or_CC    fighting_VBG  a_AT1  crusade_NN    ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  tough_JJ  ,_,  realistic_JJ  terms_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  struggle_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  Union_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0US_NP  .  
  whether_CS  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  much_DA  real_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  policy_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  presentation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  that_CS  ideology_NN  comes_VBZ  into_IO  conversation_NN  only_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  defence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  about_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  divided_VBN  into_IO  angels_NNS  and_CC  devils_NNS  ,_,  with_IO    unmoral_JJ    neutrals_NNS  dithering_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  hell_NN  .  
  another_DD1  difference_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  Kennedy_NP  era_NN  the_AT1  generals_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  talk_VV0  about_IO  policy_NN  in_IO  public_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  fight_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  important_JJ  before_IO  long_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  military_JJ  chiefs_NNS  protest_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  private_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  very_RG  impressive_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  McNamara_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  everything_PN1  very_RG  firmly_RR  under_IO  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Pentagon_NP  concentrates_VBZ  on_IO  making_VBG  military_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  troika_NN  of_IO  France_NP  ,_,  Germany_NP  and_CC  Britain_NP  which_DDQ  the_AT1  \0US_NP  is_VBZ  now_RL  attempting_VBG  to_TO  drive_VV0  in_IO  harness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  assumption_NN  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  in_IO  precise_JJ  military_JJ  terms_NNS  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilpatric_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  deputy_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  defence_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  speech_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  press_NN  was_VBDZ  informed_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ    cleared_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  level_NN    ,_,  \0i.e_RR  vetted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  \0US_NP  is_VBZ  stated_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  much_RR  superior_JJ  today_NN1  to_IO  the_AT1  \0USSR_NP  in_IO  both_DB2  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  delivery_NN  .  
  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilpatric's_PPIO2  words_NNS  ,_,  Americans_NP2    have_VH0  a_AT1  second_MD  strike_NN  capability_NN  as_RG  extensive_JJ  as_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Soviets_NP2  can_VM  deliver_VV0  by_IO  striking_VBG  first_RR  .  
  therefore_RR  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  confident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Soviets_NP2  will_VM  not_XX  provoke_VV0  a_AT1  major_JJ  nuclear_JJ  conflict_NN  .    
  the_AT1  second_MD  assumption_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  private_JJ  enterprise_NN  shelter_NN  policy_NN  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  can_VM  so_RR  limit_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  civilian_JJ  deaths_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  that_CS  America_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  rebuild_VV0  a_AT1  civilised_JJ  and_CC  democratic_JJ  society_NN  after_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  assumption_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  by_RP  building_VBG  up_RP  conventional_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  America_NP  can_VM  minimise_VV0  the_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  war_NN  might_VM  begin_VV0  by_IO  accident_NN  or_CC  misunderstanding_NN  or_CC  from_IO  Soviet_NP  failure_NN  to_TO  realise_VV0  America's_PPIO2  determination_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  her_APP$  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fourth_MD  assumption_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  West_NP  Germany_NP  must_VM  at_IO  all_DB  cost_NN  be_VB0  kept_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  ally_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  her_APP$  agreement_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  Berlin_NP  settlement_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  alliance_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  participation_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  integrated_JJ  organisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  hope_NN  for_IO  western_JJ  civilisation_NN  whether_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  war_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  consider_VV0  these_DD2  assumptions_NNS  in_IO  order_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilpatric_NP  states_VBZ  that_CS  America_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  progressively_RR  larger_JJ  arms_NNS  expenditure_NN  until_CS  Russia_NP  is_VBZ    eventually_RR  forced_VBN  to_TO  participate_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  a_AT1  step-by-step_JB  programme_NN  to_TO  guarantee_VV0  the_AT1  peace_NN  which_DDQ  so_RG  many_DA  nations_NNS  earnestly_RR  desire_VV0    .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  defence_NN  budget_NN  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  the_AT1  colossal_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  $47,000_NNU  million_MC  .  
  Gilpatric_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  mention_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  motives_NNS  for_IO  Russia's_PPIO2  inexcusable_JJ  and_CC  horrifying_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  intends_VBZ  to_TO  continue_VV0  poisoning_VBG  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  until_CS  America_NP  is_VBZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  Russia's_PPIO2  programme_NN  for_IO    complete_JJ  and_CC  general_JJ  disarmament_NN    .  
  whether_CS  his_APP$  estimate_NN  of_IO  Russia's_PPIO2  inferior_JJ  striking_NN  power_NN  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  of_RR  course_RR  say_VV0  ;_;  one_MC1  hopes_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  better_RRR  based_VBN  than_IO  the_AT1  appreciation_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Cuban_JJ  invasion_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  American_JJ  intelligence_NN  reports_NNS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Soviet_NP  intercontinental_JJ  missiles_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  large_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  told_VBN  ,_,  mainly_RR  rely_VV0  on_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  intermediate_JJ  range_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  America's_PPIO2  huge_JJ  and_CC  elaborate_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  bomber_NN  planes_NNS  ,_,  plus_IO  her_APP$  growing_JJ  fleet_NN  of_IO  Polaris_NP  submarines_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  bring_VV0  Russia_NP  down_RP  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  destroy_VV0  America's_PPIO2  nuclear_JJ  bases_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  doubt_NN  whether_CS  this_DD1  alleged_JJ  inferiority_NN  of_IO  striking_NN  power_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  conflicts_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  communist_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  so_RG  vividly_RR  displayed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Moscow_NP  communist_JJ  conference_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  Krushchev's_PPIO2  postponement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  date_NN  for_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  treaty_NN  with_IO  East_NP  Germany_NP  .  
  shelter_NN  policy_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  acute_JJ  controversy_NN  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  administration_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  suggest_VV0  that_CS  shelters_NNS  can_VM  prevent_VV0  huge_JJ  casualties_NNS  from_IO  blast_NN  and_CC  fire_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  flatly_RR  contradicts_VBZ  the_AT1  estimate_NN  of_IO  some_DD  experts_NNS  who_PNQS hold_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  fires_NNS  following_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  explosion_NN  would_VM  destroy_VV0  all_DB  life_NN  above_IO  and_CC  below_IO  ground_NN  for_IO  many_DA  times_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blast_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  struggle_NN  to_TO  crowd_VV0  the_AT1  shelters_NNS  if_CS  missiles_NNS  fall_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  solution_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  everyone_PN1  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  shelter_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  impossible_JJ  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  stops_VBZ  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  bogus_JJ  shelters_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  commercially_RR  advertised_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  insists_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  cheap_JJ  and_CC  adequate_JJ  shelters_NNS  against_IO  nuclear_JJ  rain_NN  .  the_AT1  looker-on_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  American_JJ  President_NNSB1  takes_VBZ  office_NN  during_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  awkward_JJ  interval_NN  during_IO  which_DDQ  United_NP  States_NP  policy_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  mark_VV0  time_NN  for_IO  want_NN  of_IO  leadership_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  nearly_RR  over_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  sometimes_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  very_RG  awkward_JJ  interval_NN  indeed_RGA  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS the_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  President_NNSB1  also_RR  means_VBZ  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ruling_JJ  party_NN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  democratic_JJ  President_NNSB1  last_RR  succeeded_VVD  a_AT1  republican_NN  in_IO  1933_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  during_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  interim_JB  period_NN  that_CS  Hitler_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  power_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Japanese_JJ  delegation_NN  withdrew_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  matters_NNS  worse_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  interim_NN  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  five_MC  months_NNS    a_AT1  relic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  times_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  when_CS a_AT1  newly_RR  elected_JJ  President_NNSB1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  time_NN  to_TO  ride_VV0  on_IO  horseback_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  farm_NN  and_CC  put_VV0  his_APP$  affairs_NNS  in_IO  order_NN  ,_,  before_IO  riding_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  Washington_NP  .  
  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  pause_NN  in_IO  policy-making_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  President_NNSB1  is_VBZ  so_RG  often_RR  said_VBN  to_TO  mark_VV0  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  era_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  coincidence_NN  also_RR  sometimes_RR  contributes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  idea_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  Roosevelt's_PPIO2  assumption_NN  of_IO  office_NN  coincided_VVD  ,_,  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  triumph_NN  of_IO  Nazism_NN1  in_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  disruption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  league_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS  by_IO  Japan_NP  ,_,  so_RR  Eisenhower's_PPIO2  election_NN  eight_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  was_VBDZ  very_RG  closely_RR  succeeded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Stalin_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  signature_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  armistice_NN  in_IO  Korea_NP  .  
  the_AT1  portents_NNS  facing_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  are_VBR  still_RR  not_XX  clear_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  such_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States'_PPIO2  own_DA  policy_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  changes_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  for_IO  dramatic_JJ  or_CC  extreme_JJ  commitments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  of_IO  Vice-President_NNSB1  Nixon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Kennedy_NP  was_VBDZ  even_RR  called_VBN    a_AT1  democratic_JJ  Nixon_NP  .    
  this_DD1  non-committal_JJ  attitude_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  past_JB  career_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  during_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  campaign_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  asset_NN  now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  President_NNSB1  ;_;  for_CS  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  party_NN  even_RR  more_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  republican_JJ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  coalition_NN  of_IO  many_DA  diverse_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  conflicting_JJ  interests_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  sacrificed_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  President_NNSB1  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  contention_NN  that_CS  American_JJ  prestige_NN  has_VHZ  suffered_VBN  abroad_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  President-elect_NNSB1  has_VHZ  refrained_VBN  from_IO  attacking_VBG  the_AT1  policies_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  predecessor_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  implication_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  change_NN  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  ,_,  in_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  will_VM  consist_VV0  rather_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  freshness_NN  of_IO  approach_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  revision_NN  of_IO  objectives_NNS  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  statements_NNS  about_IO  nuclear_JJ  disarmament_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  are_VBR  a_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  point_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  western_JJ  powers_NNS  must_VM  not_XX  despair_VV0  of_IO  reaching_VBG  an_AT1  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  and_CC  testing_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  weapons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  must_VM  make_VV0  one_MC1  more_DA  determined_JJ  attempt_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  obstacles_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  without_IO  abandoning_VBG  the_AT1    position_NN  of_IO  strength_NN    which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  built_VBN  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  almost_RR  inconceivable_JJ  that_CS  any_DD  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  could_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  any_DD  other_DA  line_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  Kennedy_NP  went_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  further_RRR  in_IO  his_APP$  undertakings_NNS  about_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  probably_RR  ,_,  for_IO  Americans_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  and_CC  controversial_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  matters_NNS  of_IO  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  relation_NN  with_IO  communist_JJ  China_NP  .  
  while_CS  insisting_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  change_NN  affecting_VBG  Formosa_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  explicitly_RR  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalist_JJ  Chinese_JJ  forces_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  offshore_JB  islands_NNS  ,_,  Quemoy_NP  and_CC  Matsu_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  extraordinarily_RR  painful_JJ  step_NN  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  step_NN  leading_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  recognising_VBG  the_AT1  communist_JJ  Chinese_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  trying_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  its_APP$  representative_NN  a_AT1  seat_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  united_JJ  nations_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  perhaps_RR  without_IO  depriving_VBG  Chiang_NP  Kai-shek's_PPIO2  representative_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  seat_NN  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  Formosa_NP  .  
  probably_RR  only_RR  a_AT1  newly_RR  elected_JJ  democratic_JJ  President_NNSB1  could_VM  take_VV0  so_RG  far-reaching_JJ  a_AT1  step_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  sooner_RRR  rather_RR  than_CS  later_RRR  (_(  like_IO  President_NNSB1  Roosevelt's_PPIO2  decision_NN  to_TO  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  in_IO  1933_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  new_JJ  presidency_NN  might_VM  indeed_RR  mark_VV0  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  era_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  settlement_NN  of_IO  great-power_JB  relations_NNS  and_CC  general_JJ  disarmament_NN  will_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  possible_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  communists_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  settlement_NN  ,_,  by_IO  whatever_DDQ  means_NNS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  achieved_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  new_JJ  President's_NNSB2  thoughts_NNS  have_VH0  shifted_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  .  
  in_IO  January_NN1  1949_MC  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  of_IO    the_AT1  disaster_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  befallen_VBN  China_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,    and_CC  urged_VVD  the_AT1  government_NN  to_TO    assume_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  preventing_VBG  the_AT1  onrushing_JJ  tide_NN  of_IO  communism_NN  from_IO  engulfing_VBG  all_DB  of_IO  Asia_NP  .    
  within_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  spoken_VBN  privately_RR  of_IO  indicating_VBG    our_APP$  willingness_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  (_(  the_AT1  red_JJ  Chinese_NP2  )_)  when_CS they_PPHS2  desire_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  set_VV0  forth_RP  conditions_NNS  of_IO  recognition_NN  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  responsible_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  watching_JJ  world_NN  .    
  both_DB2  quotations_NNS  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  biographical_JJ  work_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  professor_NN  ,_,  James_NP  MacGregor_NP  Burns_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  in_IO  anticipation_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Kennedy's_PPIO2  election_NN  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  has_VHZ  worked_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  ,_,  along_IO  with_II  many_DA  other_DA  intellectuals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  generation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  respects_VBZ  and_CC  admires_VBZ  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  safely_RR    this_DD1  side_NN  idolatry_NN  .    
  the_AT1  book_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  dispel_VV0  common_JJ  illusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unduly_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  least_RG  successful_JJ  American_JJ  Ambassadors_NNSB2  ever_RR  sent_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  Church_NNL1  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Burns_NP  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  Kennedy's_PPIO2  education_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  entirely_RR  secular_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  made_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  a_AT1  second-class_JJ  citizen_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  boyhood_NN  ,_,  as_CS  can_VM  apparently_RR  still_RR  happen_VV0  to_IO  American_JJ  catholics_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  Irish_JJ  descent_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  hide_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  has_VHZ  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  been_VBN  sometimes_RR  ambiguous_JJ  or_CC  evasive_JJ  on_IO  matters_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  religion_NN  could_VM  affect_VV0  his_APP$  judgment_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  civil_JJ  rights_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  condemnation_NN  of_IO  Senator_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  .  
  clearly_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  still_RR  to_TO  reach_VV0  his_APP$  full_JJ  stature_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  lesser_JJ  men_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  great_JJ  Presidents_NNSB2  before_II  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  problems_NNS  confronting_VBG  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States'_PPIO2  future_JB  relation_NN  with_IO  Cuba_NP  .  
  whatever_DDQ  steps_VBZ  he_PPHO1  may_VM  take_VV0  ,_,  whether_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  reconciliation_NN  or_CC  of_IO  intensified_JJ  hostility_NN  ,_,  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  far-reaching_JJ  significance_NN  beyond_IO  their_APP$  immediate_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  because_CS  Fidel_NP  Castro_NP  has_VHZ  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  become_VBN  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  symbol_NN  of_IO  independence_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  Latin_JJ  America_NP  ,_,  much_RR  as_CS  President_NNSB1  Nasser_NP  became_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  east_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  parallel_NN  is_VBZ  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  coincidence_NN  :_:  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  international_JJ  interests_NNS  guarded_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  threatened_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  rising_JJ  dictator's_NN1$  territory_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  canal_NN  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  base_NN  at_IO  Guantanamo_NP  Bay_NNL1  in_IO  Cuba_NP  is_VBZ  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  approaches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Panama_NP  Canal_NNL1  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  base_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Suez_NP  Canal_NNL1  zone_NN  until_IO  1954_MC  was_VBDZ  to_TO  guard_VV0  our_APP$  middle_JB  eastern_JJ  artery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  learning_VBG  the_AT1  hard_JJ  way_NN  how_CS difficult_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  act_VV0  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  cool_JJ  and_CC  rational_JJ  principles_NNS  when_CS a_AT1  supposedly_RR  vital_JJ  national_JJ  interest_NN  is_VBZ  threatened_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  dictator_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  charged_JJ  weight_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  emotion_NN  driving_VBG  him_PPHO1  forward_RR  .  
  the_AT1  experience_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  alarming_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  because_CS  the_AT1  threat_NN  is_VBZ  so_RR  near_IO  home_NN1  .  
  hitherto_RR  the_AT1  American_JJ  hemisphere_NN  ,_,  though_CS  liable_JJ  to_IO  constant_JJ  revolutions_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  immune_JJ  from_IO  ideological_JJ  movements_NNS  showing_VBG  close_JJ  affinities_NNS  with_IO  communism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  similar_JJ  threats_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  those_DD2  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Jagan's_PPIO2  government_NN  in_IO  British_JJ  Guiana_NP  in_IO  1953_MC  and_CC  President_NNSB1  Arbenz's_PPIO2  government_NN  in_IO  Guatemala_NP  in_IO  1954_MC  ;_;  and_CC  both_DB2  were_VBDR  fairly_RR  easily_RR  disposed_VBN  of_IO  ,_,  nor_CC  did_VDD  (_(  nor_CC  perhaps_RR  could_VM  )_)  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  government_NN  lift_VV0  a_AT1  finger_NN  to_TO  succour_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  with_IO  Fidel_NP  Castro_NP  in_IO  Cuba_NP  it_PPH1  could_VM  conceivably_RR  be_VB0  different_JJ  .  
  unfortunately_RR  the_AT1  Cuban_JJ  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  contentious_JJ  issue_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  presidential_JJ  election_NN  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  accused_VVD  Vice-President_NNSB1  Nixon_NP  of_IO  having_VHG    presided_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  communisation_NN  of_IO  Cuba_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  pledged_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  and_CC  support_VV0  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  anti-Castro_JB  forces_NNS  inside_IO  and_CC  outside_IO  Cuba_NP  .  
  those_DD2  outside_IO  Cuba_NP  include_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  substantial_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  vocal_JJ  would-be_JB  counter-revolutionaries_NNS  on_IO  American_JJ  soil_NN  ,_,  alleged_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  organising_JJ  forces_NNS  to_TO  invade_VV0  Cuba_NP  from_IO  Florida_NP  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  no_AT1  doubt_NN  meant_VVD  only_RR  moral_JJ  support_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  American_JJ  citizens_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  caught_VBN  and_CC  executed_VBN  in_IO  Cuba_NP  for_IO  rebellious_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  a_AT1  contingent_NN  of_IO  \0U.S_NP  marines_NNS  was_VBDZ  recently_RR  added_VBN  temporarily_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garrison_NN  at_IO  Guantanamo_NP  Bay_NNL1  ,_,  his_APP$  words_NNS  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  misinterpreted_VBN  and_CC  misused_VBN  .  
  Vice-President_NNSB1  Nixon_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  spoke_VVD  of_IO  Cuba_NP  as_CS  having_VHG  been_VBN  put_VBN    in_IO  quarantine_NN    by_IO  the_AT1  measures_NNS  of_IO  economic_JJ  blockade_NN  taken_VBN  against_IO  Castro's_PPIO2  government_NN  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  seized_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  assets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  reprisal_NN  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  cut_VV0  the_AT1  importation_NN  of_IO  Cuban_JJ  sugar_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  ground_NN  of_IO  Cuban_JJ  discrimination_NN  against_IO  American_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  given_IO  that_CS  over_RR  sixty_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  cultivated_JJ  land_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  is_VBZ  devoted_VBN  to_IO  sugar_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  is_VBZ  by_IO  far_RR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  importer_NN  of_IO  Cuban_JJ  sugar_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  all_DB  Cuba's_PPIO2  exports_NNS  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  severity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reprisal_NN  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  presumption_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  politically_RR  motivated_VBN  was_VBDZ  corroborated_VBN  by_IO  Vice-President_NNSB1  Nixon's_PPIO2  further_JB  statement_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  campaign_NN  ,_,  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  action_NN  taken_VBN  against_IO  Cuba_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  which_DDQ  unseated_VVD  Arbenz_NP  in_IO  Guatemala_NP  in_IO  1954_MC  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Latin_JJ  Americans_NP2  will_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  forgotten_VBN  that_CS  that_DD1  process_NN  included_VVD  an_AT1  armed_VBN  invasion_NN  from_IO  Nicaragua_NP  ,_,  with_IO  \0U.S_NP  blessing_NN  if_CS  without_IO  \0U.S_NP  troops_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ugly_JJ  situation_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  developed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  Castro_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  looked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Soviet_NP  bloc_NN  for_IO  support_NN  .  
  patriotic_JJ  Americans_NP2  would_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  round_RP  :_:  the_AT1    quarantine_NN    was_VBDZ  imposed_VBN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  showed_VBN  communist_JJ  tendencies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  that_CS  Castro_NP  received_VVD  much_DA  practical_JJ  comfort_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.S.R_NP  or_CC  China_NP  .  
  crude_JJ  oil_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  Russian_JJ  tankers_NNS  to_TO  supply_VV0  the_AT1  Cuban_JJ  refineries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  apparently_RR  only_RR  in_IO  token_NN  quantities_NNS  .  
  Soviet_NP  technicians_NNS  came_VVD  to_TO  replace_VV0  American_JJ  and_CC  British_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  in_IO  great_JJ  numbers_NNS  .  
  and_CC  although_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Khrushchev_NP  ostentatiously_RR  wooed_VVD  and_CC  embraced_VVD  Castro_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  \0U.N_NP  general_JJ  assembly_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ebulliently_RR  promised_VVD  to_TO  supply_VV0  rockets_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  Cuba_NP  against_IO  American_JJ  aggression_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  later_RRR  explained_VVD  that_CS  :_:    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  that_DD1  declaration_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  symbolic_JJ  .    
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  neither_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  powers_NNS  is_VBZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  Cuba_NP  become_VV0  a_AT1  casus_&FW  belli_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  present_JJ  tension_NN  can_VM  hardly_RR  just_RR  go_VV0  on_RP  indefinitely_RR  .  
  the_AT1  basic_JJ  questions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  American_JJ  administration_NN  are_VBR  two_MC  :_:  need_VM  the_AT1  quarrel_NN  with_IO  Cuba_NP  ever_RR  have_VH0  happened_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  can_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  put_VBN  into_IO  reverse_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  question_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  broken_VBN  down_RP  into_IO  two_MC  further_JB  questions_NNS  :_:  do_VD0  Cuban_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  interests_NNS  necessarily_RR  conflict_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  Castro_NP  really_RR  a_AT1  communist_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  with_IO  Cuba_NP  normally_RR  receiving_VBG  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  its_APP$  imports_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  and_CC  sending_VBG  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  its_APP$  exports_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  their_APP$  interests_NNS  are_VBR  reciprocal_JJ  .  
  that_CS  Castro_NP  is_VBZ  really_RR  a_AT1  communist_NN  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  denied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  obedient_JJ  satellite_NN  of_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  many_DA  well-informed_JJ  Americans_NP2  welcomed_VVD  his_APP$  rising_NN  against_IO  President_NNSB1  Batista_NP  ,_,  and_CC  consider_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  only_RR  turned_VVD  towards_IO  Moscow_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rebuffed_VBN  during_IO  his_APP$  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  perhaps_RR  chiefly_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  American_JJ  companies_NNS  with_IO  investments_NNS  in_IO  Cuba_NP  disliked_VVD  his_APP$  proposals_NNS  for_IO  land_NN  reform_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  already_RR  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  for_IO  American_JJ  policy_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  direction_NN  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  Cuba_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  administration_NN  certainly_RR  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  opportunity_NN  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  Kennedy_NP  campaigned_VVD  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sympathetic_JJ  policy_NN  towards_IO  under-developed_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  now_RL  has_VHZ  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  recognise_VV0  (_(  if_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  eat_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  )_)  that_CS  charity_NN  begins_VBZ  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  on_IO  one's_$  own_DA  doorstep_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  alternatives_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  force_NN  (_(  even_CS  if_CS  not_XX  American_JJ  forces_NNS  )_)  or_CC  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  chaos_NN  in_IO  Cuba_NP  from_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  even_RR  worse_JJ  dictatorship_NN  might_VM  emerge_VV0  .  
  when_CS General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  power_NN  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  general_JJ  wave_NN  of_IO  optimism_NN  about_IO  his_APP$  chances_NNS  of_IO  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  tragic_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  Algeria_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  settlement_NN  .  
  Algeria_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  forefront_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  Frenchman's_NNP$  mind_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  crisis_NN  in_IO  Algiers_NP  that_PNQS brought_VVD  about_RP  the_AT1  appeal_NN  to_IO  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  to_TO  return_VV0  .  the_AT1  uses_NNS  of_IO  pornography_NN  .  
  pornography_NN    if_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  we_PPIS2  stick_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  etymological_JJ  implication_NN  of_IO  writing_NN    is_VBZ  an_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  literacy_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  my_APP$  knowledge_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  used_VBN  literacy_NN  for_IO  profane_JJ  and_CC  imaginative_JJ  purposes_NNS  and_CC  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  not_XX  produced_VBN  books_NNS  dealing_VBG  with_IO  sexual_JJ  topics_NNS  ;_;  of_IO  these_DD2  books_NNS  some_DD  have_VH0  been_VBN  considered_VBN  unsuitable_JJ  for_IO  general_JJ  reading_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  circulation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  clandestine_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS laws_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  concerned_VBN  with_IO  private_JJ  morals_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  interdicted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  surviving_JJ  pornography_NN  from_IO  Mesopotamia_NP  ,_,  Pharaonic_JJ  Egypt_NP  or_CC  Crete_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  so_RG  little_DA  written_JJ  matter_NN  surviving_VBG  from_IO  these_DD2  civilizations_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  concerned_VBN  with_IO  religion_NN  ,_,  law_NN  or_CC  business_NN  transactions_NNS  that_CS  no_AT1  argument_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  these_DD2  omissions_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  nothing_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  literatures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  pre-Columbian_JJ  civilizations_NNS  of_IO  central_JJ  and_CC  south_NN1  America_NP  ;_;  Peru_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  copious_JJ  industry_NN  of_IO  pots_NNS  decorated_VBN  with_IO  realistic_JJ  portrayals_NNS  of_IO  perverse_JJ  and_CC  complex_JJ  sexual_JJ  activities_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  literate_JJ  societies_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  Asia_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  Greeks_NP2  have_VH0  had_VHN  pornography_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  literature_NN  .  
  in_IO  very_RG  many_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  texts_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  survived_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  references_NNS  to_IO  them_PPHO1  occur_VV0  in_IO  more_RG  seemly_JJ  authors_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  reprobation_NN  .  
  since_CS  pornography_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  literacy_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  civilizations_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  human_JJ  universal_NN  ,_,  found_VBN  in_IO  societies_NNS  of_IO  every_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  development_NN  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  obscenity_NN  .  
  all_DB  recorded_JJ  societies_NNS  ,_,  however_CS simple_JJ  their_APP$  technology_NN  and_CC  unelaborated_JJ  their_APP$  social_JJ  organization_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  rules_NNS  of_IO  seemliness_NN  ;_;  certain_JJ  actions_NNS  must_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  performed_VBN  ,_,  certain_JJ  words_NNS  only_RR  be_VB0  uttered_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  defined_JJ  contexts_NNS  ;_;  if_CS  the_AT1  actions_NNS  be_VB0  performed_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  words_NNS  uttered_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  unsuitable_JJ  contexts_NNS  or_CC  before_IO  unsuitable_JJ  audiences_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  rules_NNS  of_IO  seemliness_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  broken_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  infractions_NNS  are_VBR  obscenities_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  etymological_JJ  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  actions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  performed_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  words_NNS  spoken_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  which_DDQ  should_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  performed_VBN  or_CC  spoken_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  context_NN  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  metaphor_NN  is_VBZ  valid_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  definitions_NNS  of_IO  obscenity_NN  in_IO  all_DB  societies_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  situation_NN  where_CS two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  are_VBR  gathered_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  place_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  components_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  theatrical_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  obscenity_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  human_JJ  universal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  society_NN  without_IO  rules_NNS  of_IO  seemliness_NN  and_CC  obscenity_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  the_AT1  responses_NNS  to_IO  obscenity_NN  witnessed_VBN  or_CC  recounted_VBN  seem_VV0  to_TO  vary_VV0  very_RG  little_RR  from_IO  society_NN  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  when_CS witnessed_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  shocked_JJ  silence_NN  and_CC  embarrassment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  ,_,  confusion_NN  and_CC  shame_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  perpetrator_NN  ,_,  either_LE  openly_RR  manifested_VBN  by_IO  such_DA  physical_JJ  responses_NNS  as_IO  blushing_NN  or_CC  giggling_NN  ,_,  or_CC  masked_VBN  by_IO  bluster_NN  and_CC  defiance_NN  .  
  when_CS however_RR  obscenities_NNS  are_VBR  recounted_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  typically_RR  a_AT1  one-sex_JB  group_NN  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  of_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  topic_NN  is_VBZ  enthralling_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  climax_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  anecdote_NN  is_VBZ  greeted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  easily_RR  recognizable_JJ  ,_,  type_NN  of_IO  laughter_NN  .  
  in_IO  different_JJ  societies_NNS  ,_,  laughter_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  varying_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  forms_NNS  and_CC  functions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  until_CS  one_MC1  knows_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  interpret_VV0  the_AT1  significance_NN  that_PNQS laughter_NN  has_VHZ  within_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  laughter_NN  at_IO  obscene_JJ  jokes_NNS  has_VHZ  (_(  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  )_)  the_AT1  same_DA  sound_NN  the_AT1  world_NN  over_RP  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  know_VV0  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  about_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  fail_VV0  to_TO  recognize_VV0  this_DD1  specific_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  hilarity_NN  .  
  obscenity_NN  impinges_VBZ  on_IO  pornography_NN  because_CS  in_IO  many_DA  societies_NNS  (_(  including_IO  of_RR  course_RR  our_APP$  own_DA  )_)  some_DD  aspects_NNS  or_CC  actions_NNS  of_IO  sexuality_NN  are_VBR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  obscene_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  however_RR  not_XX  universal_JJ  ;_;  societies_NNS  with_IO  phallic_JJ  or_CC  fertility_NN  cults_NNS  may_VM  place_VV0  sexuality_NN  very_RG  literally_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sacred_JJ  mime_NN  .  
  nor_CC  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  obscenity_NN  is_VBZ  exclusively_RR  sexual_JJ  .  
  defecation_NN  ,_,  by_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  both_DB2  sexes_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  frequently_RR  treated_VBN  as_CS  obscene_JJ  ;_;  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Trobriands_NP2  (_(  according_IO  to_II  Malinowski_NP  )_)  the_AT1  public_JJ  eating_NN  of_IO  solid_JJ  food_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  obscenity_NN  .  
  other_DA  societies_NNS  surround_VV0  death_NN  ,_,  either_LE  natural_JJ  or_CC  violent_JJ  or_CC  both_DB2  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  aura_NN  and_CC  circumspection_NN  of_IO  obscenity_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  societies_NNS  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  names_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  public_JJ  or_CC  before_IO  specified_JJ  kinfolk_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  all_DB  the_AT1  horror_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  obscene_JJ  utterance_NN  .  
  in_IO  societies_NNS  with_IO  elevated_JJ  ideas_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  ,_,  obscenity_NN  and_CC  blasphemy_NN  shade_VV0  off_RP  into_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  misuse_NN  of_IO  sacred_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  abuse_NN  of_IO  sacred_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  all_DB  the_AT1  overtones_NNS  and_CC  responses_NNS  customary_JJ  to_IO  obscenity_NN  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  blasphemy_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  rarely_RR  a_AT1  subject_NN  for_IO  hilarity_NN  .  
  in_IO  swearing_VBG  and_CC  abuse_NN  both_DB2  the_AT1  obscene_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  blasphemous_JJ  vocabularies_NNS  are_VBR  frequently_RR  combined_VBN  as_IO  forms_NNS  of_IO  aggression_NN  against_IO  God_NP  and_CC  man_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  typically_RR  horrifying_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  believer_NN  ,_,  amusing_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  sceptic_NN  .  
  these_DD2  digressions_NNS  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  necessary_JJ  because_CS  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  obscene_JJ  publications_NNS  bill_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  connections_NNS  between_IO  obscenity_NN  and_CC  pornography_NN  are_VBR  both_DB2  tenuous_JJ  and_CC  intermittent_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Latin_JJ  literature_NN  such_DA  writers_NNS  as_IO  Juvenal_NP  and_CC  Martial_NP  used_VVD  the_AT1  complete_JJ  obscene_JJ  vocabulary_NN  without_IO  apparently_RR  being_VBG  considered_VBN  pornographic_JJ  ;_;  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  vocabulary_NN  Elephantis_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  colleagues_NNS  employed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  her_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  subject_NN  matter_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  language_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  made_VVD  her_APP$  books_NNS  reprehensible_JJ  .  
  conversely_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  my_APP$  recollection_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  memoirs_NNS  of_IO  Fanny_NP  Hill_NP  (_(  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  masterpieces_NNS  of_IO  English_JJ  pornography_NN  )_)  does_VBZ  not_XX  use_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  obscene_JJ  term_NN  .  
  when_CS obscene_JJ  words_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  pornography_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customarily_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  poverty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  writer's_NN1$  vocabulary_NN  ;_;  occasionally_RR  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Victorian_JJ  works_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  enhance_VV0  the_AT1  law-breaking_JB  ,_,  blasphemous_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  actions_NNS  or_CC  conversations_NNS  described_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  pornography_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  dependent_JJ  on_IO  obscene_JJ  language_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customarily_RR  defined_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  deal_VV0  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  and_CC  situations_NNS  considered_VBN  obscene_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  pornography_NN  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  subject_NN  matter_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  attitude_NN  thereto_RR  .  
  the_AT1  subject_NN  matter_NN  is_VBZ  sexual_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  any_DD  overt_JJ  kind_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  depicted_VBN  as_CS  inherently_RR  desirable_JJ  and_CC  exciting_JJ  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  original_JJ  meaning_NN    writings_NNS  of_IO  or_CC  about_IO  prostitutes_NNS    pornography_NN  consisted_VVD  either_LE  in_IO  manuals_NNS  of_IO  sexual_JJ  technique_NN  (_(  the_AT1  Ananga-Ranga_NP  ,_,  I_&FW  Ragionamenti_&FW  of_IO  Aretino_NP  )_)  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  extolling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  charms_NNS  and_CC  skills_NNS  of_IO  identified_JJ  prostitutes_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  ladies'_NN2  directory_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  very_RG  numerous_JJ  predecessors_NNS  )_)  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  usual_JJ  form_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fiction_NN  ,_,  in_IO  prose_NN  or_CC  verse_NN  ,_,  narrative_NN  or_CC  dialogue_NN  ,_,  mainly_RR  or_CC  entirely_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  sexual_JJ  activities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  imagined_JJ  characters_NNS  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  my_APP$  knowledge_NN  goes_VBZ  ,_,  Asian_JJ  pornography_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Arabia_NP  to_IO  China_NP  and_CC  Japan_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  sexual_JJ  interludes_NNS  embedded_VBN  in_IO  narratives_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  only_RR  form_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chinese_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  Chinese_JJ  culture_NN  and_CC  ideas_NNS  ,_,  apparently_RR  considered_VVD  all_DB  fiction_NN  reprehensible_JJ  ,_,  frivolous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  subject_JJ  to_IO  censorship_NN  .  
  a_AT1  writer_NN  engaging_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  fiction_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  going_VBG  beyond_IO  the_AT1  bounds_NNS  of_IO  seemliness_NN  ;_;  once_CS  this_DD1  step_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  ,_,  no_AT1  conventions_NNS  limiting_VBG  the_AT1  situations_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  depicted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  consequence_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  masterpiece_NN  like_IO  Chin_&FW  P'ing_&FW  Mei_&FW  (_(  the_AT1  golden_JJ  lotus_NN  )_)  with_IO  numerous_JJ  sections_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  1939_MC  ,_,  Colonel_NNSB1  Egerton_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  veil_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  decent_JJ  obscurity_NN  of_IO  dog-latin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  ,_,  by_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  pornographic_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  literate_JJ  society_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  however_RR  become_VV0  valid_JJ  as_IO  literature_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  serve_VV0  to_TO  illumine_VV0  the_AT1  characters_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  also_RR  described_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  situations_NNS  .  
  with_IO  very_RG  few_DA  exceptions_NNS  European_JJ  pornography_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  characters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  drama_NN  and_CC  novel_NN  are_VBR  respected_JJ  literary_JJ  forms_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  characters_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  portrayed_VBN  in_IO  nearly_RR  all_DB  situations_NNS  except_IO  the_AT1  overtly_RR  sexual_JJ  ;_;  all_DB  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  left_VBN  for_IO  pornography_NN  was_VBDZ  genital_JJ  activity_NN  .  
  and_CC  even_RR  that_DD1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  circumscribed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  manuals_NNS  of_IO  sexual_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  heterosexual_JJ  coitus_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  taken_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  pornographers_NNS  by_IO  high-minded_JJ  writers_NNS  of_IO  books_NNS  on_IO  marriage_NN  guidance_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  sexual_JJ  perversions_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  naming_NN  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  a_AT1  book_NN  suspect_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  common_JJ  currency_NN  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  diffusion_NN  of_IO  various_JJ  diluted_JJ  versions_NNS  of_IO  psycho-analysis_NN  ;_;  pornography_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  with_IO  little_DA  but_IO  the_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  various_JJ  sets_NNS  of_IO  genitals_NNS  .  
  as_IO  such_DA  it_PPH1  apparently_RR  commands_VBZ  a_AT1  steady_JJ  sale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  graphic_JJ  equivalent_NN  of_IO  pornographic_JJ  writing_NN    the_AT1  depiction_NN  of_IO  single_JJ  figures_NNS  ready_JJ  for_IO  sexual_JJ  activity_NN  or_CC  of_IO  pairs_NNS  or_CC  groups_NNS  of_IO  figures_NNS  engaged_VBN  in_IO  sexual_JJ  activity_NN    has_VHZ  likewise_RR  been_VBN  an_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  painting_NN  ,_,  drawing_NN  or_CC  sculpture_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  arts_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  developed_VBN  for_IO  aesthetic_JJ  pleasure_NN  ;_;  in_IO  Hinduism_NN1  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  on_IO  occasion_NN  been_VBN  incorporated_VBN  into_IO  sacred_JJ  architecture_NN  .  
  when_CS mechanical_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  reproducing_VBG  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  developed_VBN    woodcuts_NNS  ,_,  engravings_NNS  ,_,  etchings_NNS  ,_,  pottery_NN  moulds_NNS    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  reproduced_VBN  these_DD2  works_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  conventional_JJ  .  
  such_DA  pornographic_JJ  art_NN  ranges_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  from_IO  masterpieces_NNS  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  artists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  (_(  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  many_DA  Japanese_JJ  woodcuts_NNS  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  summary_JJ  and_CC  feeble_JJ  daubs_NNS  .  
  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  medium_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  different_JJ  in_IO  intention_NN  or_CC  effect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  literature_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  not_XX  further_RRR  refer_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  separately_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  essay_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  mechanical_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  reproducing_VBG  pictures_NNS  and_CC  sounds_NNS    photographs_NNS  ,_,  films_NNS  ,_,  gramophone_NN  records_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN    have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  put_VBN  to_IO  pornographic_JJ  ends_NNS  ,_,    feelthy_JJ    pictures_NNS  ,_,    blue_JJ    films_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  occasion_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  have_VH0  struck_VBN  me_PPIO1  as_CS  unintentionally_RR  fairly_RR  comic_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  their_APP$  intention_NN  is_VBZ  serious_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  able_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  the_AT1  idealization_NN    perfect_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  health_NN  ,_,  vigour_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  so_RG  general_JJ  a_AT1  feature_NN  of_IO  pornographic_JJ  art_NN  and_CC  literature_NN  .  
  otherwise_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  different_JJ  in_IO  intention_NN  or_CC  effect_NN  from_IO  pornography_NN  in_IO  other_DA  media_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  heard_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  which_DDQ  have_VH0  non-pornographic_JJ  merits_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  too_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  command_VV0  a_AT1  ready_JJ  sale_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  today_NN1  from_IO  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  public_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  literature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  amount_NN  of_IO  pornography_NN  in_IO  all_DB  media_NNS  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  by_IO  hacks_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  pretension_NN  to_IO  aesthetic_JJ  skill_NN  or_CC  competence_NN  .  
  some_DD  however_RR  has_VHZ  been_VBN  produced_VBN  by_IO  writers_NNS  and_CC  painters_NNS  of_IO  repute_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  such_DA  cases_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  greater_JJ  amount_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  destroyed_VBN  either_LE  immediately_RR  or_CC  after_IO  very_RG  limited_JJ  circulation_NN  among_IO  friends_NNS  .  
  some_DD  however_RR  has_VHZ  survived_VBN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  European_JJ  artists_NNS  and_CC  painters_NNS  whose_PNQV$  main_JB  talent_NN  or_CC  output_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pornographic_JJ  :_:  Giulio_NP  Romano_NP  ,_,  Fuseli_NP  ,_,  Rowlandson_NP  among_IO  painters_NNS  ,_,  Andre*?2a_NP  de_&FW  Nerciat_NP  ,_,  John_NP  Cleland_NP  ,_,  Pierre_NP  Louys_NP  among_IO  writers_NNS  .  
  when_CS pornography_NN  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  by_IO  writers_NNS  or_CC  artists_NNS  of_IO  talent_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  dubbed_VBN    erotica_NC2    ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  no_AT1  value_NN  in_IO  maintaining_VBG  that_DD1  distinction_NN  when_CS the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  qualities_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  the_AT1  major_JJ  consideration_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  no_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  which_DDQ  impel_VV0  writers_NNS  or_CC  artists_NNS  to_TO  produce_VV0  pornographic_JJ  works_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  an_AT1  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  genre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  technical_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  maintaining_VBG  interest_NN  or_CC  variety_NN  with_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extremely_RR  limited_JJ  subject_NN  matter_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  attraction_NN  for_IO  some_DD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  mid-nineteenth_MD  and_CC  earlier_JJ  twentieth_MD  century_NN  realistic_JJ  and_CC  lyrical_JJ  writers_NNS  almost_RR  certainly_RR  felt_VVD  thwarted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  conventions_NNS  (_(  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  extent_NN  imposed_VBN  by_IO  Mudie's_PPIO2  lending_NN  library_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  )_)  limiting_VBG  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  and_CC  situations_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  treat_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  pornography_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  revolt_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  English_JJ  works_NNS  are_VBR  ascribed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  austere_JJ  Victorian_JJ  characters_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  with_IO  what_DDQ  justice_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  also_RR  that_CS  willing_JJ  creators_NNS  of_IO  pornography_NN  get_VV0  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  satisfaction_NN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  activity_NN  as_CS  do_VD0  willing_JJ  consumers_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  pornography_NN  is_VBZ  hallucination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  identify_VV0  either_LE  with_IO  the_AT1  narrator_NN  (_(  the_AT1    I_NC2    character_NN  )_)  or_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  situation_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  extent_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  physical_JJ  concomitants_NNS  of_IO  sexual_JJ  excitement_NN  ;_;  if_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  successful_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  produce_VV0  orgasm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  emotional_JJ  and_CC  physical_JJ  sensations_NNS  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  diminished_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  were_VBDR  he_PPHO1  taking_VBG  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  described_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  literature_NN  of_IO  hallucination_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  vast_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  perhaps_RR  particularly_RR  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  deals_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  emotions_NNS  and_CC  situations_NNS  besides_IO  the_AT1  sexual_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  analogy_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  literature_NN  of_IO  fear_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ghost_NN  story_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  horror_NN  story_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  thriller_NN  .  
  questions_NNS  about_IO  marriage_NN  and_CC  children_NNS  were_VBDR  again_RR  included_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  1911_MC  and_CC  1951_MC  censuses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  had_VHD  asked_VBN  for_IO  marriage_NN  details_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  married_JJ  women_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  for_IO  all_DB  married_JJ  women_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  50_MC  .  
  the_AT1  1961_MC  census_NN  questions_NNS  related_VVD  to_IO  all_DB  women_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  or_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  repeated_VVD  the_AT1  enquiry_NN  made_VBN  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  by_IO  the_AT1  1946_MC  family_NN  census_NN  conducted_VBN  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  on_IO  population_NN  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  about_IO  children_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  in_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  extended_VVD  to_IO  all_DB  women_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  or_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  regarded_VBN  as_CS  practicable_JJ  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  to_TO  include_VV0  particulars_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  ,_,  as_CS  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  specialised_JJ  enquiry_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  .  
  the_AT1  innovation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  1961_MC  census_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  family_NN  census_NN  had_VHD  previously_RR  included_VBN  the_AT1  question_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  termination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  only_DA  marriage_NN  .  
  this_DD1  enables_VBZ  statistical_JJ  use_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  their_APP$  experience_NN  as_IO  regards_II  duration_NN  of_IO  marriage_NN  and_CC  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  whose_PNQV$  first_MD  or_CC  only_DA  marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  terminated_VBN  by_IO  widowhood_NN  or_CC  divorce_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  child_NN  bearing_NN  life_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  in_IO  estimating_VBG  the_AT1  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  pattern_NN  of_IO  families_NNS  for_IO  successive_JJ  generations_NNS  over_IO  as_RG  long_JJ  a_AT1  period_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  widows_NNS  predominates_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  age_NN  groups_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  Monmouthshire_NP  the_AT1  question_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  Welsh_NN1  was_VBDZ  included_VBN  as_CS  previously_RR  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  asked_VBN  in_IO  1891_MC  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  its_APP$  present_JJ  form_NN  in_IO  1931_MC  .  
  each_DD1  census_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  in_IO  1801_MC  has_VHZ  included_VBN  questions_NNS  about_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  households_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1961_MC  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  was_VBDZ  wider_JJ  than_CS  before_II  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  great_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  to_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  as_CS  before_II  ,_,  the_AT1  record_NN  made_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  lists_VBZ  all_DB  buildings_NNS  ,_,  residential_JJ  premises_NNS  and_CC  temporary_JJ  places_NNS  of_IO  abode_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  households_NNS  occupying_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  household_NN  schedule_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  structurally_RR  separate_JJ  dwellings_NNS  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  houses_NNS  or_CC  flats_NNS  or_CC  other_DA  quarters_NNS  built_VBN  or_CC  adapted_VBN  for_IO  separate_JJ  occupation_NN  and_CC  forming_VBG  a_AT1  private_JJ  and_CC  structurally_RR  separate_JJ  unit_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  as_CS  previously_RR  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  with_IO  sole_JB  occupation_NN  or_CC  sharing_VBG  such_DA  dwellings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  living_NN  rooms_NNS  occupied_VBN  by_IO  each_DD1  household_NN  .  
  in_IO  1961_MC  the_AT1  enumerators_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  note_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  building_NN  was_VBDZ  wholly_RR  or_CC  partly_RR  residential_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  dwellings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1951_MC  questions_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  included_VBN  to_TO  throw_VV0  light_NN  on_IO  housing_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1961_MC  the_AT1  questions_NNS  about_IO  piped_JJ  water_NN  supply_NN  ,_,  water_NN  closet_NN  and_CC  fixed_JJ  bath_NN  were_VBDR  repeated_VBN  as_CS  before_II  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  question_NN  about_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  supply_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  1951_MC  questions_NNS  about_IO  cooking_NN  stove_NN  or_CC  range_NN  and_CC  kitchen_NN  sink_NN  were_VBDR  restricted_VBN  to_IO  households_NNS  sharing_VBG  dwellings_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  question_NN  asked_VVD  about_IO  housing_NN  tenure_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  the_AT1  accommodation_NN  occupied_VBN  by_IO  each_DD1  household_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  as_IO  owner-occupiers_NNS  ;_;  occupied_VBN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  employment_NN  or_CC  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  business_NN  premises_NNS  ;_;  rented_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  council_NN  (_(  or_CC  new_JJ  town_NN  corporation_NN  )_)  or_CC  a_AT1  private_JJ  landlord_NN  (_(  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  whether_CS  furnished_VBN  or_CC  unfurnished_JJ  )_)  ;_;  or_CC  occupied_VBN  on_IO  some_DD  other_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  households_NNS  by_IO  size_NN  and_CC  various_JJ  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  members_NNS  has_VHZ  become_VBN  increasingly_RR  important_JJ  .  
  previously_RR  ,_,  while_CS  visitors_NNS  were_VBDR  left_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  analysis_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  considered_VBN  sufficiently_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  attempt_VV0  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  bringing_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  members_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  on_IO  census_NN  night_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  laborious_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  information_NN  given_VBN  at_IO  their_APP$  place_NN  of_IO  usual_JJ  residence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  accurate_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  by_IO  size_NN  as_CS  usually_RR  constituted_VBN  had_VHD  become_VBN  more_RG  important_JJ  by_IO  1961_MC  ,_,  and_CC  accordingly_RR  a_AT1  new_JJ  question_NN  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  private_JJ  households_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  asking_VBG  for_IO  particulars_NNS  of_IO  persons_NNS  usually_RR  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  who_PNQS were_VBDR  absent_JJ  on_IO  census_NN  night_NN  .  
  the_AT1  information_NN  collected_VBN  under_IO  this_DD1  head_NN  will_VM  not_XX  affect_VV0  the_AT1  main_JB  count_NN  of_IO  population_NN  numbers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  will_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  solely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  by_IO  size_NN  and_CC  other_DA  characteristics_NNS  .  
  sample_NN  .    
  at_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  preparations_NNS  consideration_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  clerical_JJ  work_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  census_NN  results_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  mechanically_RR  processed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  various_JJ  topics_NNS  for_IO  inclusion_NN  were_VBDR  examined_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  whether_CS  full_JJ  analysis_NN  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  previously_RR  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  sample_NN  analysis_NN  would_VM  serve_VV0  their_APP$  main_JB  purpose_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  sample_NN  analysis_NN  would_VM  give_VV0  adequate_JJ  results_NNS  for_IO  many_DA  subjects_NNS  ,_,  notably_RR  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  population_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sampling_NN  fraction_NN  chosen_VBN  ,_,  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  was_VBDZ  selected_VBN  partly_RR  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  convenience_NN  but_CCB  mostly_RR  on_IO  an_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  likely_JJ  reliability_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  projected_JJ  tabulations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  margins_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  tolerated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  sampling_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  staff_NN  required_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  office_NN  as_IO  well_II  as_II  speeding_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sampling_NN  method_NN  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  stage_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  questions_NNS  for_IO  nine_MC  tenths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  .  
  nine_MC  out_RP  of_IO  ten_MC  private_JJ  householders_NNS  received_VVD  a_AT1  form_NN  with_IO  fewer_DA  questions_NNS  than_CS  previously_RR  this_DD1  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tenth_MD  received_VVD  a_AT1  form_NN  not_XX  much_RR  larger_JJ  in_IO  content_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  1951_MC  questionnaire_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  establishments_NNS  ,_,  (_(  hotels_NNS  ,_,  hospitals_NNS  ,_,  ships_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  )_)  the_AT1  extra_JJ  questions_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  of_IO  every_AT1  tenth_MD  person_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sample_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RR  arranged_VBN  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  fully_RR  representative_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  and_CC  everyone_PN1  had_VHD  the_AT1  same_DA  possibility_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  included_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  chosen_VBN  for_IO  sample_NN  treatment_NN  were_VBDR  those_DD2  relating_VBG  to_IO  occupation_NN  ,_,  employment_NN  ,_,  place_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  status_NN  in_IO  employment_NN  education_NN  ,_,  scientific_JJ  and_CC  technological_JJ  qualifications_NNS  change_NN  of_IO  usual_JJ  residence_NN  or_CC  duration_NN  of_IO  stay_NN  at_IO  present_JJ  usual_JJ  residence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  persons_NNS  usually_RR  resident_JJ  in_IO  private_JJ  households_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  absent_JJ  on_IO  census_NN  night_NN  .  
  order-in-council_NN  .    
  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  procedure_NN  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1920_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  draft_NN  order-in-council_NN  ,_,  prescribing_VBG  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  the_AT1  persons_NNS  by_IO  whom_WPO  and_CC  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  returns_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  asked_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  before_IO  parliament_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  draft_NN  order_NN  was_VBDZ  explained_VBN  fully_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  and_CC  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  without_IO  opposition_NN  ;_;  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  House_NNL1  approved_VVD  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  questions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  only_DA  marriage_NN  where_CS this_DD1  had_VHD  terminated_VBN  ,_,  about_IO  housing_NN  tenure_NN  ,_,  education_NN  ,_,  scientific_JJ  and_CC  technological_JJ  qualifications_NNS  change_NN  of_IO  usual_JJ  residence_NN  in_IO  past_JB  year_NN  or_CC  duration_NN  of_IO  stay_NN  at_IO  present_JJ  usual_JJ  residence_NN  .  
  these_DD2  questions_NNS  required_VVD  the_AT1  affirmative_JJ  procedure_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  already_RR  specifically_RR  authorised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1920_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  general_JJ  debate_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  draft_NN  order_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  on_IO  the_AT1  1st_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  following_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  questions_NNS  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  to_IO  .  
  the_AT1  census_NN  order_NN  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  (_(  \0S.I_NP  1960_MC  \0no_NN  1062_MC  ,_,  )_)  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  on_IO  23rd_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  schedule_NN  containing_VBG  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  C_ZZ1  .  
  regulations_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  machinery_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  taking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  precise_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  return_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  were_VBDR  prescribed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  regulations_NNS  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  (_(  \0S.I_NP  1960_MC  \0no_NN  1175_MC  ,_,  )_)  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  signed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  11th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  laid_VBN  before_IO  parliament_NN  on_IO  18th_MD  July_NN1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  either_LE  House_NNL1  .  
  local_JJ  organization_NN  .    
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  census_NN  Officers_NNSB2  .  
  as_CS  at_IO  every_AT1  previous_JJ  census_NN  since_IO  1841_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  local_JJ  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  were_VBDR  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  registrar_NN  of_IO  births_NNS  and_CC  deaths_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  modifications_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  so_CS  that_CS  generally_RR  the_AT1  census_NN  districts_NNS  were_VBDR  limited_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  100_MC  enumeration_NN  districts_NNS  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  approximately_RR  75,000_MC  population_NN  )_)  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  1,315_MC  census_NN  districts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  1,184_MC  registration_NN  sub-districts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  the_AT1  registrars_NNS  acted_VVD  as_IO  census_NN  Officers_NNSB2  ;_;  the_AT1  1,315_MC  census_NN  Officers_NNSB2  comprised_VVD  1,093_MC  registrars_NNS  of_IO  births_NNS  and_CC  deaths_NNS  ,_,  137_MC  other_DA  registration_NN  officers_NNS  and_CC  85_MC  others_DA2  appointed_VBN  as_CS  required_VBN  .  
  superintendent_NN  registrars_NNS  were_VBDR  appointed_VBN  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  census_NN  advisory_JJ  Officers_NNSB2  in_IO  115_MC  cases_NNS  ,_,  mainly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  centres_NNS  of_IO  population_NN  ,_,  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  enquiries_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  from_IO  any_DD  quarter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  recruit_VV0  and_CC  instruct_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  general_JJ  duties_NNS  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  enumerators_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  duties_NNS  comprised_VVD  the_AT1  checking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  and_CC  contents_NNS  of_IO  enumeration_NN  districts_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  draft_NN  plans_NNS  prepared_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  census_NN  office_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  selection_NN  ,_,  appointment_NN  and_CC  instruction_NN  of_IO  enumerators_NNS  ,_,  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  and_CC  dealing_VBG  with_IO  enquiries_NNS  or_CC  difficulties_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  enumerators_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  persons_NNS  appointed_VBN  to_TO  deliver_VV0  and_CC  collect_VV0  the_AT1  forms_NNS  are_VBR  traditionally_RR  called_VBN    enumerators_NNS    .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  compile_VV0  an_AT1  enumeration_NN  record_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  district_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  provisional_JJ  count_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  all_DB  buildings_NNS  ,_,  residential_JJ  premises_NNS  and_CC  households_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  completeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  count_NN  depends_VBZ  very_RG  largely_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  assiduity_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  enumerator_NN  searches_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  residential_JJ  premises_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  temporary_JJ  dwellings_NNS  ,_,  caravans_NNS  ,_,  boats_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  where_CS anyone_PN1  may_VM  spend_VV0  census_NN  night_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  confidence_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  inspire_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  householder_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  census_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  answers_NNS  kept_VBN  secret_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  than_IO  mere_JB  issue_NN  and_CC  collection_NN  of_IO  forms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  identification_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  by_IO  type_NN  ,_,  of_IO  structurally_RR  separate_JJ  dwellings_NNS  and_CC  private_JJ  households_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complex_JJ  process_NN  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  detailed_JJ  instructions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  census_NN  schedules_NNS  themselves_PPX2  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  fully_RR  understood_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  advice_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  but_CCB  above_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  work_NN  requires_VBZ  tact_NN  and_CC  courtesy_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  returns_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  secured_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  without_IO  friction_NN  or_CC  offence_NN  .  
  instructions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  recruitment_NN  of_IO  enumerators_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  early_JJ  January_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  appointment_NN  was_VBDZ  delegated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  census_NN  Officers_NNSB2  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  practicable_JJ  to_TO  exercise_VV0  central_JJ  control_NN  .  
  guidance_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  advice_NN  or_CC  assistance_NN  was_VBDZ  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  to_TO  widen_VV0  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  recruitment_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  general_JJ  press_NN  notice_NN  was_VBDZ  issued_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  very_RG  well_RR  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  press_NN  and_CC  notifications_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  to_IO  government_NN  departments_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  local_JJ  education_NN  authorities_NNS  .  
  arrangements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  for_IO  close_JJ  co-operation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  managers_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  employment_NN  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  that_CS  census_NN  advisory_JJ  Officers_NNSB2  and_CC  census_NN  Officers_NNSB2  should_VM  ascertain_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  managers_NNS  had_VHD  suitable_JJ  people_NNS  to_TO  put_VV0  forward_RR  for_IO  possible_JJ  appointment_NN  from_IO  persons_NNS  registered_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  or_CC  applying_VBG  to_IO  ,_,  them_PPHO1  for_IO  employment_NN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  select_VV0  persons_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  willing_JJ  and_CC  available_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  duties_NNS  some_DD  weeks_NNS  ahead_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  selection_NN  was_VBDZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  persons_NNS  able_JJ  to_TO  undertake_VV0  spare_JJ  time_NN  duties_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  housewives_NNS  and_CC  retired_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  some_DD  69,000_MC  enumerators_NNS  were_VBDR  appointed_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  .  
  as_CS  previously_RR  many_DA  were_VBDR  local_JJ  government_NN  officers_NNS  and_CC  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  .  
  applications_NNS  for_IO  appointment_NN  were_VBDR  received_VBN  in_IO  great_JJ  numbers_NNS  in_IO  nearly_RR  all_DB  urban_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  some_DD  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  required_VBN  .  
  instructions_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  that_CS  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  practicable_JJ  no_AT1  enumerator_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  assigned_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  district_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  residents_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  people_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  reluctant_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  confidential_JJ  information_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  census_NN  schedule_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  available_JJ  to_IO  an_AT1  enumerator_NN  personally_RR  known_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  always_RR  possible_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  all_DB  enumerators_NNS  signed_VVD  an_AT1  undertaking_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  understood_VVD  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  duties_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  obligation_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  secret_JJ  the_AT1  information_NN  collected_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  penalties_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  breach_NN  of_IO  confidence_NN  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enumeration_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  previously_RR  ,_,  that_CS  forms_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  completed_VBN  for_IO  every_AT1  private_JJ  household_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  every_AT1  hospital_NN  ,_,  hotel_NN  or_CC  other_DA  similar_JJ  establishment_NN  under_IO  arrangements_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  persons_NNS  in_IO  charge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  normal_JJ  private_JJ  household_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  family_NN  type_NN  with_IO  husband_NN  ,_,  wife_NN  and_CC  children_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  persons_NNS  living_VBG  alone_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  persons_NNS  living_VBG  together_RR  also_RR  constituted_VVD  households_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  census_NN  .  
  where_CS accommodation_NN  is_VBZ  sub-let_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  occupants_NNS  live_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  counted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  household_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  persons_NNS  living_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  household_NN  who_PNQS usually_RR  have_VH0  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  meal_NN  a_AT1  day_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  household_NN  while_CS  in_IO  residence_NN  are_VBR  treated_VBN  as_CS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  that_DD1  household_NN  .  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  department_NN  of_IO  health_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  drug_NN  addiction_NN  .  
  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interdepartmental_JJ  committee_NN  .  
  interdepartmental_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  drug_NN  addiction_NN  .  
  report_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  \0Rt_NNSB1  \0Hon_NNSB1  \0J_NP  Enoch_NP  Powell_NP  ,_,  \0M.B.E_NNSB1  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  ,_,  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rt_NNSB1  \0Hon_NNSB1  John_NP  Maclay_NP  ,_,  \0C.M.G_NNSB1  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  appointment_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  appointed_VBN  on_IO  3rd_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  :_:    to_TO  review_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  more_RG  recent_JJ  developments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  advice_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  departmental_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  addiction_NN  in_IO  1926_MC  ;_;  to_TO  consider_VV0  whether_CS  any_DD  revised_JJ  advice_NN  should_VM  also_RR  cover_VV0  other_DA  drugs_NNS  liable_JJ  to_TO  produce_VV0  addiction_NN  or_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  habit-forming_JJ  ;_;  to_TO  consider_VV0  whether_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  medical_JJ  need_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  special_JJ  ,_,  including_IO  institutional_JJ  ,_,  treatment_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  resources_NNS  already_RR  available_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  persons_NNS  addicted_VBN  to_IO  drugs_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  recommendations_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  proposals_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  administrative_JJ  measures_NNS  that_PNQS may_VM  seem_VV0  expedient_JJ  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP    .  
  procedure_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  held_VBN  eleven_MC  meetings_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  information_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  organisations_NNS  and_CC  persons_NNS  having_VHG  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  before_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  stage_NN  we_PPIS2  arranged_VVD  for_IO  publication_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  press_NN  notice_NN  inviting_VBG  anybody_PN1  interested_JJ  to_TO  submit_VV0  representations_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  compiled_VVD  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  were_VBDR  of_IO  importance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  replies_NNS  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  confined_VBN  to_IO  these_DD2  particular_JJ  items_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  rule_NN  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  not_XX  ask_VV0  for_IO  oral_JJ  evidence_NN  ,_,  though_CS  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  it_PPH1  an_AT1  advantage_NN  in_IO  certain_JJ  instances_NNS  .  
  appendix_NN  1_MC1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bodies_NNS  and_CC  persons_NNS  consulted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  health_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  submitted_VVD  evidence_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ;_;  officers_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  departments_NNS  attended_VVD  our_APP$  meetings_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  given_VBN  us_PPIO2   valuable_JJ  assistance_NN  .  
  interim_JB  report_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  on_IO  23rd_MD  November_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  submitted_VVD  an_AT1  interim_JB  report_NN  .  
  this_DD1  dealt_VVD  with_IO  two_MC  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  arose_VVD  from_IO  our_APP$  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  brought_VBN  specially_RR  to_IO  our_APP$  notice_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  risks_NNS  attending_VBG  the_AT1  abuse_NN  of_IO  carbromal_NN  and_CC  bromvaletone_NN  and_CC  preparations_NNS  containing_VBG  these_DD2  substances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  poisons_NNS  board_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  considered_VBN  this_DD1  problem_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  sufficient_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  compounds_NNS  were_VBDR  widely_RR  abused_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX  recommended_VBN  them_PPHO1  for_IO  control_NN  as_IO    poisons_NNS    under_IO  the_AT1  pharmacy_NN  and_CC  poisons_VBZ  act_NN  ,_,  1933_MC  .  
  4_MC  .  
  on_IO  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  it_PPH1  became_VVD  clear_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   that_DD1  carbromal_NN  and_CC  bromvaletone_NN  were_VBDR  examples_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  on_IO  sale_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  not_XX  appropriate_JJ  for_IO  restriction_NN  to_IO  supply_NN  on_IO  prescription_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1951_MC  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  therapeutic_JJ  substances_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1956_MC  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  so_RG  far_RR  been_VBN  recommended_VBN  for_IO  control_NN  as_IO  poisons_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  recommended_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  any_DD  drug_NN  or_CC  pharmaceutical_JJ  preparation_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  an_AT1  action_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  liable_JJ  to_TO  produce_VV0  physical_JJ  or_CC  psychological_JJ  deterioration_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  confined_VBN  to_IO  supply_NN  on_IO  prescription_NN  and_CC  that_CS  an_AT1  independent_JJ  expert_JJ  body_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  responsible_JJ  for_IO  advising_VBG  which_WDTI  substances_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  so_RR  controlled_VBN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  interim_JB  and_CC  urgent_JJ  measure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  department_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poisons_NNS  board_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  made_VBN  rules_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  certain_JJ  substances_NNS  having_VHG  an_AT1  action_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  substances_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  sold_VBN  by_IO  retail_NN  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  prescription_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  duly_RR  qualified_JJ  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN  ,_,  registered_JJ  dentist_NN  ,_,  registered_VVD  veterinary_JJ  surgeon_NN  or_CC  registered_VVD  veterinary_JJ  practitioner_NN  .  
  7_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  the_AT1  action_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  that_CS  arrangements_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  other_DA  preparations_NNS  affecting_VBG  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  become_VV0  available_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  too_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poisons_NNS  board_NN  ,_,  or_CC  such_DA  other_DA  advisory_JJ  body_NN  as_CS  may_VM  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  be_VB0  appointed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  to_TO  consider_VV0  whether_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  sufficient_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  restricting_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  also_RR  to_IO  supply_NN  on_IO  prescription_NN  .  
  8_MC  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  interim_JB  report_NN  was_VBDZ  devoted_VBN  to_IO  anaesthetists_NNS  who_PNQS become_VV0  addicted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  gases_NNS  and_CC  vapours_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  use_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  professional_JJ  duties_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  ascertained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  irregularity_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  small_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  eleven_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  patients'_NN2  lives_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  endangered_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  known_JJ  instances_NNS  .  
  9_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  assured_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  expert_JJ  witnesses_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  at_IO  present_NN  to_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  sniffing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gases_NNS  immediately_RR  before_IO  administering_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  patient_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  recognised_JJ  and_CC  necessary_JJ  precaution_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  accepted_VVD  this_DD1  .  
  10_MC  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  and_CC  direct_JJ  responsibility_NN  carried_VBN  by_IO  every_AT1  anaesthetist_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  anyone_PN1  addicted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  inhalation_NN  of_IO  gases_NNS  and_CC  vapours_NNS  should_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  entrusted_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  administration_NN  .  
  intervention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  instance_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  by_IO  the_AT1  anaesthetist's_NN1$  professional_JJ  colleagues_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ethical_JJ  questions_NNS  arising_VBG  have_VH0  been_VBN  discussed_VBN  between_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  and_CC  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  profession_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  glad_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  memorandum_NN  embodying_VBG  the_AT1  agreed_JJ  arrangements_NNS  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  hospital_NN  authorities_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  on_IO  27th_MD  May_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  hospital_NN  authorities_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  on_IO  18th_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  departmental_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  addiction_NN  (_(  the_AT1    Rolleston_NP  committee_NN    )_)  1926_MC  .  
  11_MC  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  tasks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  advice_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  invited_VBN  to_TO  review_VV0  ,_,  were_VBDR  to_TO  advise_VV0  on_IO  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  preparations_NNS  containing_VBG  these_DD2  substances_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  persons_NNS  addicted_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  drugs_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  medically_RR  advisable_JJ  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  precautions_NNS  which_DDQ  medical_JJ  practitioners_NNS  administering_VBG  or_CC  prescribing_VBG  morphine_NN  or_CC  heroin_NN  should_VM  adopt_VV0  to_TO  avoid_VV0  abuse_NN  and_CC  any_DD  administrative_JJ  measures_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  expedient_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  observance_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  precautions_NNS  .  
  12_MC  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  records_NNS  and_CC  inspection_NN  then_RL  in_IO  operation_NN  cases_NNS  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  exceptionally_RR  large_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  supplied_VBN  to_IO  particular_JJ  practitioners_NNS  or_CC  prescribed_VBN  for_IO  individual_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  on_IO  further_JB  enquiry_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ascertained_VBN  that_CS  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  doctor_NN  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  these_DD2  drugs_NNS  simply_RR  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  craving_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  addict_NN  ;_;  in_IO  some_DD  instances_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  doubt_NN  whether_CS  the_AT1  supply_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  bona_JJ  fide_&FW  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  ;_;  in_IO  other_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  drugs_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  prescribed_VBN  in_IO  large_JJ  quantities_NNS  either_LE  to_IO  persons_NNS  previously_RR  unknown_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  practitioner_NN  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  patient_NN  receiving_VBG  supplies_VBZ  elsewhere_RR  ;_;  occasionally_RR  ,_,  large_JJ  supplies_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  used_VBN  by_IO  practitioners_NNS  for_IO  self-administration_NN  .  
  13_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  then_RL  that_CS  in_IO  some_DD  circumstances_NNS  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  supplied_VBN  in_IO  contravention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  doctor_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  authorised_VBN  to_TO  supply_VV0  drugs_NNS  only_RR  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  profession_NN  .  
  before_IO  deciding_VBG  on_IO  measures_VBZ  to_TO  secure_VV0  proper_JJ  observance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  felt_VBN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  authoritative_JJ  medical_JJ  advice_NN  on_IO  various_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  of_IO  addiction_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  in_IO  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  action_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  where_CS a_AT1  doctor_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  misused_VBN  his_APP$  authority_NN  to_TO  possess_VV0  and_CC  supply_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  14_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee's_NN1$  recommendations_NNS  in_IO  1926_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  to_IO  addicts_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  drugs_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  in_IO  treatment_NN  are_VBR  discussed_VBN  later_RRR  in_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  now_RL  ,_,  been_VBN  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  memorandum_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  act_NN  and_CC  regulations_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  of_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  dentists_NNS  .  
  15_MC  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  for_IO  administrative_JJ  measures_NNS  ,_,  amendments_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  regulations_NNS  in_IO  1926_MC  to_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  effect_NN  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  provision_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  constitution_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tribunal_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  could_VM  refer_VV0  cases_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  reason_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  duly_RR  qualified_JJ  practitioner_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  supplying_VBG  ,_,  administering_VBG  or_CC  prescribing_VBG  drugs_NNS  either_LE  for_IO  himself_PPX1  or_CC  other_DA  persons_NNS  otherwise_RR  than_CS  as_CS  required_VBN  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  was_VBDZ  empowered_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tribunal_NN  ,_,  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  a_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  authority_NN  to_TO  possess_VV0  and_CC  supply_VV0  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  direct_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  doctor_NN  convicted_VBN  of_IO  an_AT1  offence_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ,_,  should_VM  not_XX  issue_VV0  prescriptions_NNS  for_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  clear_JJ  that_CS  prescriptions_NNS  should_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  duly_RR  qualified_JJ  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN  when_CS required_VBN  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  medical_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  an_AT1  offence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  receiving_VBG  treatment_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  doctor_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  doctor_NN  without_IO  disclosing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  doctor_NN  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  all_DB  doctors_NNS  ,_,  dentists_NNS  and_CC  veterinary_JJ  surgeons_NNS  were_VBDR  required_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  appropriate_JJ  records_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  obtained_VBN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  provisions_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  tribunals_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  discuss_VV0  later_RRR  ,_,  all_DB  these_DD2  amendments_NNS  remain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  regulations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  changed_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  16_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  thirty-four_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee_NN  reported_VVD  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  developments_NNS  in_IO  two_MC  directions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  committee_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  pharmaceutical_JJ  research_NN  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  analgesic_JJ  drugs_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  producing_VBG  addiction_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  have_VH0  been_VBN  derived_VBN  from_IO  opium_NN  and_CC  others_DA2  have_VH0  been_VBN  produced_VBN  synthetically_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  many_DA  more_DA  addiction-producing_JJ  drugs_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  produced_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  potent_JJ  analgesic_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  addiction-producing_JJ  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  not_XX  been_VBN  forthcoming_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  direct_VV0  our_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  these_DD2  drugs_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  precautions_NNS  and_CC  subjected_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  control_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  morphine_NN  and_CC  heroin_NN  considered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee_NN  .  
  17_MC  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  development_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  treatment_NN  of_IO  drug_NN  addiction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  from_IO  addicts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  drug_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  addicted_VBN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  experiment_NN  in_IO  several_DA  countries_NNS  and_CC  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  of_IO  America_NP  .  
  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  have_VH0  included_VBN  the_AT1  substitution_NN  of_IO  newer_JJ  addiction-producing_JJ  drugs_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  subsequent_JJ  gradual_JJ  withdrawal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  other_DA  new_JJ  drugs_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  tranquillizers_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  alleviation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  symptoms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  been_VBN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  whether_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  circumstances_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  continued_JJ  administration_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  strictly_RR  defined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rolleston_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  justified_VBN  .  
  18_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  consider_VV0  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  whether_CS  any_DD  new_JJ  advice_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  effectively_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  dentists_NNS  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  whether_CS  the_AT1  principles_NNS  underlying_VBG  the_AT1  advice_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  emphasised_VBN  clearly_RR  to_TO  avoid_VV0  misinterpretation_NN  ;_;  (_(  3_MC  )_)  whether_CS  any_DD  action_NN  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  unjustifiable_JJ  prescribing_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  by_IO  some_DD  doctors_NNS  ;_;  (_(  4_MC  )_)  whether_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  way_NN  of_IO  preventing_VBG  the_AT1  unjustified_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  drugs_NNS  by_IO  any_DD  doctor_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  or_CC  for_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  ;_;  (_(  5_MC  )_)  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  certain_JJ  international_JJ  organizations_NNS  that_CS  governments_NNS  might_VM  set_VV0  up_RP  special_JJ  institutions_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  ,_,  care_NN  and_CC  rehabilitation_NN  of_IO  addicts_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  compulsory_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  19_MC  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  by_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  of_IO  drugs_NNS  liable_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  habituation_NN  .  
  because_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  ill-effects_NNS  substantially_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  ,_,  or_CC  analogous_JJ  to_IO  ,_,  those_DD2  produced_VBN  by_IO  morphine_NN  or_CC  cocaine_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  within_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  international_JJ  agreements_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  considered_VBN  this_DD1  development_NN  .  
  definitions_NNS  adopted_VBN  .  
  20_MC  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  clear_JJ  and_CC  consistent_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  confronting_VBG  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  adopted_VVD  the_AT1  following_JJ  definitions_NNS  ,_,  realising_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  somewhat_RR  arbitrary_JJ  and_CC  may_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  revised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  increasing_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  drug_NN  addiction_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  periodic_JJ  or_CC  chronic_JJ  intoxication_NN  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  repeated_JJ  consumption_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drug_NN  (_(  natural_JJ  or_CC  synthetic_JJ  )_)  ;_;  its_APP$  characteristics_NNS  include_VV0  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  an_AT1  overpowering_JJ  desire_NN  or_CC  need_NN  (_(  compulsion_NN  )_)  to_TO  continue_VV0  taking_VBG  the_AT1  drug_NN  and_CC  to_TO  obtain_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  any_DD  means_NNS  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  dose_NN  ,_,  though_CS  some_DD  patients_NNS  may_VM  remain_VV0  indefinitely_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  stationary_JJ  dose_NN  ,_,  (_(  3_MC  )_)  a_AT1  psychological_JJ  and_CC  physical_JJ  dependence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  drug_NN  ,_,  (_(  4_MC  )_)  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  characteristic_JJ  abstinence_NN  syndrome_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  subject_NN  from_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  drug_NN  is_VBZ  withdrawn_VBN  ,_,  (_(  5_MC  )_)  an_AT1  effect_NN  detrimental_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  and_CC  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  drug_NN  habituation_NN  (_(  habit_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  a_AT1  condition_NN  resulting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  repeated_JJ  consumption_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drug_NN  .  this_DD1  arrangement_NN  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  helpful_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  when_CS the_AT1  teacher_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  takes_VBZ  both_DB2  sections_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  all_RR  too_RG  common_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  teachers_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  share_VV0  the_AT1  instruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  class_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  staffing_NN  position_NN  may_VM  occasionally_RR  make_VV0  this_DD1  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  measure_NN  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  wherever_CS possible_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  with_IO  first-year_JB  classes_NNS  .  
  modern_JJ  language_NN  specialists_NNS  have_VH0  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  training_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  whose_PNQV$  language_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  principally_RR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  teaching_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  encouraging_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  commendable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  teachers_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  abroad_RR  regularly_RR  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  further_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  to_TO  maintain_VV0  contacts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  more_DA  teachers_NNS  than_CS  formerly_RR  now_RL  complete_VV0  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  residence_NN  abroad_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  third_MD  language_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  recent_JJ  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  residence_NN  required_VBN  of_IO  honours_NNS  graduates_NNS  for_IO  recognition_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  language_NN  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  making_VBG  this_DD1  easier_JJ  to_TO  accomplish_VV0  .  
  foreign_JJ  assistants_NNS  (_(  French_JJ  ,_,  German_JJ  ,_,  Swiss_JJ  ,_,  Austrian_JJ  ,_,  Spanish_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Italian_JJ  )_)  are_VBR  being_VBG  employed_VBN  in_IO  increasing_JJ  numbers_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  this_DD1  session_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  in_IO  all_DB  126_MC  such_DA  assistants_NNS  .  
  through_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  personal_JJ  knowledge_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  these_DD2  young_JJ  assistants_NNS  can_VM  do_VD0  much_DA  to_TO  bring_VV0  to_IO  life_NN  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  home_NN1  country_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  can_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  valuable_JJ  practice_NN  in_IO  understanding_VBG  and_CC  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  usually_RR  students_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  trained_JJ  teachers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  consequently_RR  their_APP$  work_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  effective_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  receive_VV0  adequate_JJ  help_NN  and_CC  guidance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  regular_JJ  teachers_NNS  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  exchanges_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  arranged_VBN  between_IO  Scottish_JJ  and_CC  foreign_JJ  practising_JJ  teachers_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  very_RG  successful_JJ  .  
  accommodation_NN  and_CC  equipment_NN  .  
  accommodation_NN  ,_,  although_CS  still_RR  restricted_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  schools_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  mainly_RR  been_VBN  adequate_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  modernization_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  there_EX  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  marked_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  teaching_NN  conditions_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  teachers_NNS  now_RL  have_VH0  a_AT1  room_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM    and_CC  frequently_RR  do_VD0    develop_VV0  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  background_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  aid_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  instruction_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  wall_NN  pictures_NNS  ,_,  posters_NNS  ,_,  maps_NNS  ,_,  models_NNS  ,_,  reference_NN  books_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  like_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  and_CC  variety_NN  of_IO  wall-maps_NNS  provided_VBN  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  disappointing_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  importance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  oral_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  allocating_VBG  to_IO  modern_JJ  language_NN  teachers_NNS  rooms_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  relatively_RR  free_JJ  from_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  noise_NN  and_CC  disturbance_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  always_RR  been_VBN  sufficiently_RR  appreciated_VBN  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  quality_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  text-books_NNS  have_VH0  improved_VBN  greatly_RR  of_RR  late_RR  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  welcome_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  supplementary_JJ  reading_NN  material_NN  .  
  the_AT1  co-operation_NN  of_IO  educational_JJ  publishers_NNS  in_IO  meeting_VBG  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  more_RG  modern_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  attractive_JJ  books_NNS  is_VBZ  much_RR  appreciated_VBN  .  
  library_NN  facilities_NNS  in_IO  modern_JJ  languages_NNS  vary_VV0  greatly_RR  from_IO  school_NN  to_IO  school_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  schools_NNS  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  dictionaries_NNS  and_CC  reference_NN  books_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  others_DA2  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ample_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  suitable_JJ  books_NNS  .  
  particularly_RR  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  attractive_JJ  books_NNS  likely_JJ  to_TO  appeal_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  pupils_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  built_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  usual_JJ  works_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  pupils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  dictionaries_NNS  with_IO  simple_JJ  definitions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  growing_VBG  and_CC  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  recommended_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  schools_NNS  now_RL  spend_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  library_NN  allocation_NN  on_IO  subscriptions_NNS  to_IO  worthwhile_JJ  foreign_JJ  magazines_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  found_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  prove_VV0  both_DB2  useful_JJ  and_CC  popular_JJ  .  
  most_DA  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  possess_VV0  various_JJ  teaching_NN  aids_NNS  such_IO  as_II  wireless_JJ  sets_NNS  ,_,  record-players_NNS  ,_,  tape-recorders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  film_NN  or_CC  film-strip_NN  projectors_NNS  .  
  many_DA  modern_JJ  language_NN  teachers_NNS  make_VV0  occasional_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  aids_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  systematically_RR  as_IO  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  .  
  courses_NNS  in_IO  modern_JJ  languages_NNS  .  
  syllabuses_NNS  for_IO  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  present_NN  being_VBG  re-organised_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  forthcoming_JJ  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  ordinary_JJ  grade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  certificate_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  until_IO  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  far_RR  too_RG  many_DA  schools_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  little_DA  differentiation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  courses_NNS  planned_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  ablest_JJT  sections_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  sections_NNS  .  
  where_CS a_AT1  difference_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  sections_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  year_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  proceed_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  slower_JJ  speed_NN  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  modification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  used_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  schools_NNS  will_VM  meantime_RR  make_VV0  fundamental_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  language_NN  syllabuses_NNS  designed_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  ablest_JJT  pupils_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  already_RR  more_DA  courses_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  planned_VBN  specifically_RR  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  pupils_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  instance_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  pursue_VV0  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  language_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  level_NN  .  
  this_DD1  diversification_NN  of_IO  syllabuses_NNS  is_VBZ  welcome_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  easily_RR  now_CS  that_CS  few_DA  schools_NNS  set_VV0  a_AT1  common_JJ  examination_NN  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  classes_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  in_IO  consequence_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  any_DD  necessity_NN  for_IO  all_DB  groups_NNS  to_TO  attempt_VV0  to_TO  cover_VV0  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  if_CS  more_RG  suitable_JJ  courses_NNS  are_VBR  developed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  pupils_NNS  who_PNQS at_IO  present_NN  are_VBR  discouraged_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  inability_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  abreast_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  set_VBN  may_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  their_APP$  language_NN  study_NN  with_IO  profit_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  junior_JJ  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  departments_NNS  the_AT1  syllabus_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  essentially_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  become_VV0  candidates_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  leaving_NN  certificate_NN  examination_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  much_RR  too_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  encouraging_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  non-examination_JB  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RRR  in_IO  keeping_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  and_CC  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  .  
  much_DA  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  to_TO  awaken_VV0  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  itself_PPX1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  lively_JJ  ,_,  good_JJ  use_NN  being_VBG  made_VBN  of_IO  activity_NN  methods_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  whatever_DDQ  ancillary_JJ  aids_NNS  were_VBDR  available_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  emphasis_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  placed_VBN  on_IO  learning_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  and_CC  written_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  to_TO  speak_VV0  it_PPH1  simply_RR  but_CCB  naturally_RR  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  in_IO  classes_NNS  following_VBG  such_DA  courses_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  further_JB  experiment_NN  along_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  similar_JJ  lines_NNS  would_VM  prove_VV0  rewarding_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  classes_NNS  may_VM  continue_VV0  at_IO  school_NN  and_CC  sit_VV0  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  grade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  certificate_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  the_AT1  type_NN  of_RR  course_RR  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  following_VBG  should_VM  form_VV0  a_AT1  sound_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  ordinary_JJ  grade_NN  studies_NNS  provided_CS  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  linguistic_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  proceed_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  considers_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  the_AT1  work_NN  done_VBN  in_IO  modern_JJ  languages_NNS  in_IO  Scottish_JJ  schools_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  significant_JJ  advance_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  understanding_NN  by_IO  ear_NN  and_CC  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  further_JB  improvement_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  certainly_RR  much_DA  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  accomplished_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  progress_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  aspect_NN  of_IO  language_NN  learning_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  noticeable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  ready_JJ  understanding_NN  and_CC  willing_JJ  response_NN  of_IO  pupils_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  junior_JJ  and_CC  senior_JJ  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  fluency_NN  and_CC  confidence_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  classes_NNS  express_VV0  themselves_PPX2  when_CS they_PPHS2  go_VV0  abroad_RR  and_CC  in_IO  their_APP$  general_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  profit_VV0  from_IO  these_DD2  visits_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  disappointing_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  schools_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  period_NN  preceding_VBG  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  leaving_NN  certificate_NN  examination_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  two_MC  factors_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  many_DA  pupils_NNS  have_VH0  initially_RR  been_VBN  pushed_VBN  on_RP  too_RG  rapidly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  that_CS  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  work_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  adequately_RR  consolidated_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  weaknesses_NNS  become_VV0  more_RG  evident_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  course_NN  proceeds_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  place_NN  ,_,  many_DA  teachers_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  methods_NNS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  using_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  can_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  good_JJ  examination_NN  results_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  therefore_RR  discard_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  more_RG  traditional_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  in_IO  consequence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  abrupt_JJ  change_NN  ,_,  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  valuable_JJ  work_NN  done_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  obtained_VBN  are_VBR  generally_RR  far_RR  from_RR  commensurate_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  expended_VBN  by_IO  both_DB2  teachers_NNS  and_CC  pupils_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  fortunately_RR  not_XX  true_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  schools_NNS  .  
  where_CS there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  adequate_JJ  consolidation_NN  and_CC  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  uninterrupted_JJ  throughout_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  examination_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  within_IO  their_APP$  reach_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  in_IO  addition_NN  usually_RR  developed_VBN  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  give_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  detailed_JJ  appraisal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  done_VBN  in_IO  modern_JJ  language_NN  courses_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  convenient_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  separately_RR  the_AT1  different_JJ  facets_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  study_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  emphasized_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  language_NN  teaching_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  successful_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  dividing_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  work_NN  into_IO  rigid_JJ  compartments_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  activities_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  closely_RR  integrated_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  language_NN  always_RR  remains_VBZ  a_AT1  living_JJ  entity_NN  .  
  as_CS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  indicated_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  significant_JJ  advances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  oral_JJ  and_CC  aural_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  teaching_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  training_NN  in_IO  pronunciation_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  carefully_RR  given_VBN  and_CC  practised_VBN  .  
  syllabification_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  typical_JJ  intonation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  rarely_RR  taught_VBN  with_IO  equal_JJ  thoroughness_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN  often_RR  sounds_VBZ  less_RG  convincing_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  otherwise_RR  would_VM  .  
  instruction_NN  in_IO  many_DA  schools_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  regular_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  language_NN  in_IO  class_NN  and_CC  on_IO  oral_JJ  practice_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  vocabulary_NN  and_CC  speech_NN  patterns_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  ,_,  pupils_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  schools_NNS  show_VV0  a_AT1  pleasing_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  some_DD  confidence_NN  in_IO  speaking_VBG  it_PPH1  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  naturally_RR  restricted_JJ  vocabulary_NN  .  
  these_DD2  results_NNS  are_VBR  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  praiseworthy_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  early_JJ  years_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  teachers_NNS  frequently_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  contend_VV0  with_IO  very_RG  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  pupils_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  develop_VV0  their_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  seem_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  this_DD1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  enjoyable_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  language_NN  work_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  on_IO  aural_JJ  comprehension_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  activity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  teachers_NNS  are_VBR  discarding_VBG  this_DD1  practice_NN  since_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  realized_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  regularly_RR  use_VV0  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  language_NN  in_IO  class_NN  and_CC  occasionally_RR  read_VV0  aloud_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  passage_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  book_NN  or_CC  some_DD  other_DA  text_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  require_VV0  to_TO  devote_VV0  much_DA  time_NN  to_IO  formal_JJ  tests_NNS  of_IO  aural_JJ  comprehension_NN  .  
  practice_NN  in_IO  listening_VBG  to_IO  new_JJ  voices_NNS  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  schools_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  broadcast_JJ  lessons_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  assistant_NN  .  
  these_DD2  lessons_NNS  are_VBR  most_RG  effective_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  isolated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  but_CCB  are_VBR  followed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  later_JJ  lessons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  used_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  conversation_NN  ,_,  vocabulary_NN  work_NN  ,_,  or_CC  free_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  oral_JJ  training_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  rarely_RR  continued_VBN  and_CC  developed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  stages_NNS  and_CC  many_DA  pupils_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  progress_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  .  
  many_DA  teachers_NNS  feel_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  oral_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  additional_JJ  time_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  required_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  as_IO  more_RG  systematic_JJ  and_CC  purposeful_JJ  training_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  more_RG  difficult_JJ  speech_NN  forms_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  time_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  so_RG  often_RR  spent_VBN  on_IO  cursory_JJ  and_CC  frequently_RR  inaccurate_JJ  oral_JJ  reading_NN  of_IO  long_JJ  passages_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  applied_VBN  to_IO  developing_VBG  the_AT1  pupils'_NN2  command_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spoken_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  to_IO  bringing_VBG  into_IO  regular_JJ  use_NN  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  structures_NNS  and_CC  vocabulary_NN  that_PNQS occur_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  texts_NNS  studied_VBN  .  
  such_DA  oral_JJ  practice_NN  serves_VBZ  to_TO  promote_VV0  oral_JJ  fluency_NN  and_CC  accuracy_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  it_PPH1  paves_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  written_JJ  work_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  bright_JJ  ,_,  vigorous_JJ  oral_JJ  teaching_NN  beneficial_JJ  in_IO  widening_VBG  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  also_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  most_RG  stimulating_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pupils'_NN2  morale_NN  and_CC  willingness_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  other_DA  aspect_NN  of_IO  oral_JJ  work_NN    the_AT1  memorization_NN  and_CC  speaking_NN  of_IO  prose_NN  and_CC  verse_NN    tends_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  teachers_NNS  as_IO  quite_RR  extraneous_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  class_NN  work_NN  .  
  some_DD  teachers_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  making_VBG  good_JJ  use_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  learning_NN  by_IO  heart_NN  of_IO  short_JJ  ,_,  carefully_RR  chosen_JJ  passages_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  course-book_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  reader_NN  or_CC  of_IO  short_JJ  dramatic_JJ  scenes_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  consolidating_VBG  new_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  grammar_NN  ,_,  of_IO  increasing_VBG  vocabulary_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  encouraging_VBG  correctness_NN  and_CC  fluency_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  .  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  average_JJ  net_JB  family_NN  income_NN  was_VBDZ  appreciably_RR  higher_JJ  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  several_DA  children_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  those_DD2  with_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  incomplete_JJ  families_NNS  of_IO  younger_JJ  parents_NNS  with_IO  lower_JJ  earnings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  with_IO  lower_JJ  tax_NN  reliefs_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  family_NN  allowances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  net_JB  family_NN  incomes_NNS  between_IO  1954_MC  and_CC  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  greatest_JJT  for_IO  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  older_JJ  couples_NNS  (_(  probably_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  retirement_NN  pensions_NNS  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  somewhat_RR  greater_JJ  in_IO  small_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  large_JJ  families_NNS  .  
  expenditure_NN  and_CC  consumption_NN  .  
  69_MC  .  
  table_NN  24_MC  gives_VBZ  indices_NNS  of_IO  domestic_JJ  food_NN  expenditure_NN  per_IO  head_NN  and_CC  quantities_NNS  purchased_VBN  by_IO  older_JJ  and_CC  younger_JJ  couples_NNS  and_CC  families_NNS  with_IO  different_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  1954_MC  as_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  quantity_NN  index_NN  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  by_IO  dividing_VBG  the_AT1  expenditure_NN  index_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  price_NN  index_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Fisher_NP  ideal_NN    type_NN  ,_,  constructed_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  group_NN  separately_RR  .  
  the_AT1  quantity_NN  index_NN  is_VBZ  thus_RR  confined_VBN  to_IO  food_NN  purchases_NNS  and_CC  takes_VBZ  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  free_JJ  supplies_NNS  .  
  compared_VBN  with_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  expenditure_NN  index_NN  for_IO  1959_MC  showed_VVD  increases_NNS  of_IO  4_MC  to_IO  6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  couples_NNS  without_IO  children_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  with_IO  one_MC1  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  much_RR  smaller_JJ  changes_NNS  for_IO  couples_NNS  with_IO  several_DA  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  quantity_NN  index_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  only_RR  slowly_RR  since_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  unchanged_JJ  in_IO  1959_MC  for_IO  couples_NNS  with_IO  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  rose_VVD  by_IO  3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  1-2_MC-MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  and_CC  couples_NNS  with_IO  one_MC1  child_NN  .  
  70_MC  .  
  table_NN  27_MC  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  domestic_JJ  food_NN  expenditure_NN  and_CC  value_NN  of_IO  consumption_NN  per_IO  person_NN  per_IO  week_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  in_IO  households_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  percentage_NN  standard_JJ  errors_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  estimates_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  10_MC  of_IO  appendix_NN  A_ZZ1  .  
  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  spent_VVD  more_DA  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  except_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  three_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  expenditure_NN  had_VHD  risen_VBN  sharply_RR  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  the_AT1  increases_NNS  ranged_VVD  from_IO  2_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  person_NN  per_IO  week_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  residual_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  with_IO  adolescents_NNS  but_CCB  no_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  8_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  older_JJ  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  to_IO  4_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  families_NNS  with_IO  two_MC  and_CC  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  food_NN  was_VBDZ  greatest_JJT  (_(  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  2_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  4_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  person_NN  per_IO  week_NN  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  containing_VBG  no_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  varied_VVD  between_IO  9_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  11_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  households_NNS  with_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  families_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  average_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  5_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  three_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  slight_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  expenditure_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  good_JJ  by_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  food_NN  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  consumption_NN  per_IO  person_NN  per_IO  week_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  ranged_VVD  from_IO  41_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  to_IO  19_MC  \0s_NNU  5_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  1958_MC  the_AT1  range_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  40_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  19_MC  \0s_NNU  1_MC1  \0d_NNU  .  
  71_MC  .  
  table_NN  27_MC  includes_VBZ  an_AT1  index_NN  comparing_VBG  the_AT1    price_NN  of_IO  energy_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  all_DB  households_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  younger_JJ  couples_NNS  paid_VVD  some_DD  12_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  more_DA  per_IO  calorie_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  ,_,  and_CC  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  19_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  less_DA  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  substantial_JJ  change_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  three_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  index_NN  declined_VVD  from_IO  91_MC  to_IO  88_MC  .  
  table_NN  27_MC  also_RR  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  index_NN  which_DDQ  compares_VBZ  the_AT1  prices_NNS  paid_VBN  by_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  commodities_NNS  constituting_VBG  the_AT1  average_JJ  household_NN  diet_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  foods_NNS  the_AT1  range_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  3.6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  above_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  in_IO  younger_JJ  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  to_IO  4.8_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  below_II  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  +3.6_MC  to_IO  -5.4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1958_MC  and_CC  +2.8_MC  to_IO  -2.6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1957_MC  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  index_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  noteworthy_JJ  change_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  households_NNS  with_IO  three_MC  children_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  index_NN  fell_VVD  by_IO  1.8_MC  to_IO  97.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  for_IO  all_DB  households_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  ranges_NNS  for_IO  milk_NN  ,_,  cheese_NN  ,_,  sugar_NN  ,_,  bread_NN  and_CC  flour_NN  were_VBDR  very_RG  narrow_JJ  .  
  for_IO  most_DA  other_DA  foods_NNS  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  paid_VVD  the_AT1  highest_JJT  average_JJ  prices_NNS  and_CC  large_JJ  families_NNS  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  ,_,  the_AT1  price_NN  gradients_NNS  being_VBG  steepest_JJT  for_IO  carcase_NN  meat_NN  (_(  +7_MC  to_IO  -7_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  ,_,    other_DA    fish_NN  (_(  +8_MC  to_IO  -11_MC  )_)  ,_,    other_DA    vegetables_NNS  (_(  +9_MC  to_IO  -9_MC  )_)  and_CC  beverages_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  tea_NN  (_(  +12_MC  to_IO  -16_MC  )_)  .  
  72_MC  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  expenditure_NN  and_CC  consumption_NN  per_IO  head_NN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  tables_NNS  28_MC  and_CC  29_MC  .  
  most_DA  groups_NNS  obtained_VVD  slightly_RR  less_DA  liquid_JJ  milk_NN  than_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  decrease_NN  (_(  from_IO  5.24_MC  to_IO  5.08_MC  pints_NNS  per_IO  head_NN  per_IO  week_NN  )_)  occurring_VBG  in_IO  younger_JJ  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  .  
  table_NN  25_MC  summarizes_VBZ  the_AT1  changes_NNS  in_IO  consumption_NN  of_IO  liquid_JJ  milk_NN  (_(  including_IO  welfare_NN  and_CC  school_NN  milk_NN  )_)  between_IO  1954_MC  and_CC  1959_MC  by_IO  this_DD1  group_NN  and_CC  by_IO  classified_JJ  households_NNS  containing_VBG  children_NNS  or_CC  adolescents_NNS  .  
  consumption_NN  by_IO  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  declined_VVD  throughout_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  families_NNS  was_VBDZ  maintained_VBN  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  slight_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  families_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  those_DD2  containing_VBG  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  consumption_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  between_IO  1955_MC  and_CC  1957_MC  ,_,  and_CC  thereafter_RR  to_TO  decline_VV0  .  
  graduated_JJ  scales_NNS  of_IO  family_NN  allowances_NNS  were_VBDR  introduced_VBN  in_IO  October_NN1  1956_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  welfare_NN  milk_NN  subsidy_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  in_IO  April_NN1  1957_MC  .  
  despite_IO  appreciably_RR  higher_JJ  average_JJ  prices_NNS  for_IO  natural_JJ  cheese_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  consumption_NN  fell_VVD  only_RR  slightly_RR  in_IO  most_DA  groups_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  decrease_NN  was_VBDZ  greatest_JJT  (_(  from_IO  3.68_MC  \0oz_NNU  to_IO  3.20_MC  \0oz_NNU  per_IO  head_NN  per_IO  week_NN  )_)  for_IO  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS transferred_VVD  much_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  demand_NN  to_IO  cheaper_JJ  varieties_NNS  .  
  73_MC  .  
  all_DB  groups_NNS  ,_,  except_IO  families_NNS  containing_VBG  three_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  increased_VVD  their_APP$  expenditure_NN  on_IO  meat_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  total_JJ  consumption_NN  was_VBDZ  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  although_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  replacement_NN  of_IO  beef_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  continued_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  short_JJ  supply_NN  )_)  by_IO  mutton_NN  and_CC  lamb_NN  .  
  all_DB  groups_NNS  spent_VVD  more_DA  on_IO  fish_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  increased_VVD  their_APP$  consumption_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  of_IO  canned_JJ  fish_NN  .  
  eggs_NNS  were_VBDR  cheaper_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  and_CC  consumption_NN  increased_VVD  in_IO  nearly_RR  all_DB  groups_NNS  despite_IO  fewer_DA  free_JJ  supplies_NNS  .  
  74_MC  .  
  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  substituted_VVD  margarine_NN  for_IO  butter_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  because_IO  of_II  higher_JJ  butter_NN  prices_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  except_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  families_NNS  continued_VVD  to_TO  buy_VV0  more_DA  butter_NN  than_IO  margarine_NN  .  
  total_JJ  consumption_NN  of_IO  butter_NN  and_CC  margarine_NN  declined_VVD  only_RR  in_IO  households_NNS  containing_VBG  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  displacement_NN  of_IO  margarine_NN  by_IO  butter_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  when_CS butter_NN  was_VBDZ  exceptionally_RR  cheap_JJ  ,_,  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  some_DD  lasting_JJ  effect_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  average_JJ  price_NN  of_IO  butter_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  higher_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  yet_CF  butter_NN  purchases_NNS  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  although_CS  smaller_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  greater_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  1957_MC  except_CS  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  or_CC  with_IO  adolescents_NNS  but_CCB  no_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  75_MC  .  
  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  families_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  residual_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  households_NNS  containing_VBG  children_NNS  reduced_VVD  their_APP$  consumption_NN  of_IO  sugar_NN  and_CC  of_IO  preserves_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  all_DB  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  a_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  purchases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  consumption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  76_MC  .  
  most_DA  groups_NNS  spent_VVD  slightly_RR  less_DA  on_IO  potatoes_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  consumption_NN  was_VBDZ  maintained_VBN  except_CS  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  child_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  unclassified_JJ  households_NNS  with_IO  children_NNS  or_CC  adolescents_NNS  .  
  all_DB  groups_NNS  except_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  or_CC  with_IO  adolescents_NNS  but_CCB  no_AT1  children_NNS  consumed_VVD  more_DA  fresh_JJ  green_JJ  vegetables_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  although_CS  most_DA  reduced_VVD  their_APP$  consumption_NN  of_IO  other_DA  vegetables_NNS  .  
  purchases_NNS  of_IO  quick-frozen_JJ  peas_NNS  and_CC  beans_NNS  generally_RR  increased_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  extremely_RR  wide_JJ  group_NN  differences_NNS  persisted_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  averages_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  0.1_MC  \0oz_NNU  per_IO  head_NN  per_IO  week_NN  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  to_IO  0.9_MC  \0oz_NNU  per_IO  head_NN  in_IO  younger_JJ  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  ;_;  average_JJ  consumption_NN  by_IO  older_JJ  couples_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  wholly-adult_JB  households_NNS  was_VBDZ  0.5_MC  \0oz_NNU  per_IO  head_NN  per_IO  week_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  latter_DA  groups_NNS  consumed_VVD  much_RR  smaller_JJ  quantities_NNS  per_IO  head_NN  of_IO  canned_JJ  vegetables_NNS  and_CC  canned_JJ  and_CC  bottled_JJ  tomatoes_NNS  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  group_NN  ,_,  and_CC  much_RR  smaller_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  canned_JJ  and_CC  bottled_JJ  fruit_NN  than_IO  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  households_NNS  containing_VBG  children_NNS  ,_,  consumption_NN  of_IO  canned_JJ  fruit_NN  fell_VVD  off_RP  sharply_RR  with_IO  increasing_JJ  family_NN  size_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  regular_JJ  gradation_NN  in_IO  purchases_NNS  of_IO  canned_JJ  vegetables_NNS  and_CC  canned_JJ  tomatoes_NNS  .  
  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  benefited_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  improved_JJ  supplies_NNS  and_CC  lower_JJ  prices_NNS  of_IO  fresh_JJ  fruit_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  consumption_NN  was_VBDZ  least_DA  in_IO  families_NNS  containing_VBG  children_NNS  .  
  77_MC  .  
  total_JJ  bread_NN  consumption_NN  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  unchanged_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  most_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  household_NN  bought_VVD  less_DA  white_JJ  bread_NN  and_CC  more_DA  rolls_NNS  and_CC  speciality_NN  breads_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  1958_MC  .  
  most_DA  groups_NNS  increased_VVD  their_APP$  purchases_NNS  of_IO  puddings_NNS  ,_,  cakes_NNS  and_CC  biscuits_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  obtained_VVD  less_DA  flour_NN  .  
  78_MC  .  
  regression_NN  estimates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  expenditure_NN  on_IO  different_JJ  commodities_NNS  attributable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  couple_NN  and_CC  each_DD1  additional_JJ  child_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  selected_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  consisting_VBG  of_IO  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  (_(  both_DB2  under_IO  55_MC  )_)  and_CC  couples_NNS  with_IO  different_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  for_IO  1952-56_MC-MC  in_IO  table_NN  39_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  report_NN  for_IO  1956_MC  .  
  the_AT1  younger_JJ  childless_JJ  couples_NNS  are_VBR  broadly_RR  comparable_JJ  in_IO  age_NN  and_CC  family_NN  income_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  households_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  differences_NNS  in_IO  food_NN  expenditure_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  analysis_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  repeated_VBN  for_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  1958_MC  and_CC  1959_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  results_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  given_VBN  in_&FW  extenso_&FW  .  
  household_NN  food_NN  expenditure_NN  in_IO  1959_MC  averaged_VVD  80_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  younger_JJ  couples_NNS  and_CC  92_MC  \0s_NNU  10_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  102_MC  \0s_NNU  0_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  111_MC  \0s_NNU  9_MC  \0d_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  126_MC  \0s_NNU  3_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  two-adult_JB  households_NNS  containing_VBG  respectively_RR  one_MC1  ,_,  two_MC  ,_,  three_MC  and_CC  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  (_(  average_NN  4.64_MC  )_)  children_NNS  under_IO  15_MC  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  straight_JJ  regression_NN  line_NN  fitted_VBN  to_IO  these_DD2  averages_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  basic_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  household_NN  food_NN  expenditure_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  couple_NN  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  at_IO  81_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  average_JJ  increment_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  additional_JJ  child_NN  as_IO  9_MC  \0s_NNU  11_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  table_NN  26_MC  gives_VBZ  similar_JJ  regression_NN  estimates_NNS  for_IO  previous_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  price_NN  rises_NNS  are_VBR  roughly_RR  eliminated_VBN  by_IO  expressing_VBG  the_AT1  average_JJ  expenditure_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  adult_JJ  couple_NN  .  
  the_AT1  relative_JJ  expenditure_NN  per_IO  child_NN  declined_VVD  from_IO  1952_MC  to_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  rose_VVD  in_IO  1957_MC  when_CS the_AT1  subsidy_NN  on_IO  welfare_NN  and_CC  national_JJ  dried_JJ  milk_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  ;_;  since_IO  1957_MC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  again_RR  declined_VBN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  expenditure_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  cereal_NN  foods_NNS  ,_,  potatoes_NNS  and_CC  milk_NN  ;_;  for_IO  fresh_JJ  green_JJ  vegetables_NNS  ,_,  fruit_NN  ,_,  cheese_NN  ,_,  fish_NN  and_CC  carcase_NN  meat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  incremental_JJ  expenditure_NN  was_VBDZ  slight_JJ  .  
  energy_NN  value_NN  and_CC  nutrient_JJ  content_NN  .  
  79_MC  .  
  table_NN  30_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  energy_NN  value_NN  and_CC  nutrient_JJ  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diets_NNS  of_IO  households_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  averages_NNS  showed_VVD  little_DA  change_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  generally_RR  increased_JJ  intakes_NNS  of_IO  vitamins_NNS  C_ZZ1  and_CC  D_ZZ1  .  
  since_CS  physiological_JJ  requirements_NNS  vary_VV0  widely_RR  with_IO  age_NN  ,_,  sex_NN  and_CC  level_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  ,_,  comparisons_NNS  between_IO  families_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  composition_NN  are_VBR  only_RR  apposite_JJ  when_CS considered_VBN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  needs_NNS  .  
  80_MC  .  
  estimates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  adequacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diets_NNS  ,_,  assessed_VBN  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  allowances_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  medical_JJ  association_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  shown_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  30_MC  .  
  in_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  changes_NNS  were_VBDR  small_JJ  except_IO  for_II  higher_JJ  estimates_NNS  for_IO  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  the_AT1  levels_NNS  of_IO  adequacy_NN  for_IO  all_DB  nutrients_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  vitamin_NN  C_ZZ1  decreased_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  fairly_RR  small_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  comparisons_NNS  between_IO  different_JJ  years_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  made_VBN  so_RG  precisely_RR  as_CS  in_IO  groups_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  defined_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1959_MC  the_AT1  households_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  group_NN  contained_VVD  slightly_RR  more_DA  children_NNS  (_(  average_NN  4.64_MC  )_)  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  (_(  average_NN  4.53_MC  )_)  .  
  their_APP$  total_JJ  food_NN  expenditure_NN  increased_VVD  less_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  other_DA  groups_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  purchased_VVD  more_DA  of_IO  certain_JJ  foods_NNS  such_IO  as_II  fish_NN  ,_,  poultry_NN  ,_,  eggs_NNS  ,_,  canned_JJ  vegetables_NNS  ,_,  fresh_JJ  fruit_NN  ,_,  chocolate_NN  biscuits_NNS  and_CC  breakfast_NN  cereals_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  more_RG  expensive_JJ  sources_NNS  of_IO  nutrients_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  foods_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  purchased_VVD  less_DA  ,_,  namely_RR  dried_JJ  milk_NN  ,_,  potatoes_NNS  ,_,  carcase_NN  meat_NN  ,_,  sugar_NN  ,_,  bread_NN  ,_,  flour_NN  and_CC  oatmeal_NN  and_CC  oat_NN  products_NNS  .  
  81_MC  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  estimates_NNS  of_IO  adequacy_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  allowance_NN  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  for_IO  wastage_NN  of_IO  edible_JJ  food_NN  .  
  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  arbitrary_JJ  wastage_NN  factors_NNS  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  family_NN  size_NN  or_CC  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  pointed_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  graduated_JJ  wastage_NN  factors_NNS  examined_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  report_NN  for_IO  1956_MC  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  previous_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  percentages_NNS  in_IO  table_NN  30_MC  for_IO  all_DB  nutrients_NNS  decreased_VVD  with_IO  increasing_JJ  family_NN  size_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  estimates_NNS  were_VBDR  for_IO  protein_NN  and_CC  calcium_NN  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  (_(  82_MC  and_CC  81_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  respectively_RR  )_)  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  ten_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  1950_MC  to_IO  1959_MC  there_EX  were_VBDR  downward_JB  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  percentages_NNS  for_IO  protein_NN  and_CC  calcium_NN  for_IO  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  family_NN  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  households_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  steepest_JJT  (_(  from_IO  94_MC  to_IO  82_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  protein_NN  and_CC  ,_,  from_IO  92_MC  to_IO  81_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  calcium_NN  )_)  occurring_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  families_NNS  with_IO  four_MC  or_CC  more_DA  children_NNS  ;_;  another_DD1  considerable_JJ  fall_NN  was_VBDZ  from_IO  91_MC  to_IO  83_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  protein_NN  in_IO  families_NNS  with_IO  adolescents_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  .  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  may_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  made_VBN  good_JJ  by_IO  works_NNS  which_DDQ  include_VV0  alterations_NNS  and_CC  additions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  payment_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  carried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  although_CS  instalments_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  by_IO  arrangement_NN  in_IO  large_JJ  projects_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  proceeds_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  intention_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  legislation_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  insure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  money_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  reinstatement_NN  wherever_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  and_CC  should_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  no_RR  sooner_RRR  and_CC  no_RR  later_RRR  than_CS  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  made_VVD  good_JJ  a_AT1  value_NN  payment_NN  under_IO  section_NN  13_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  1943_MC  act_NN  (_(  conveniently_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    converted_JJ  value_NN  payment_NN    )_)  may_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  payment_NN  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  March_NN1  1939_MC  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  property_NN  before_IO  damage_NN  and_CC  after_IO  damage_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  account_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  after_IO  damage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  any_DD  repairs_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  commission_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  made_VBN  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  payments_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  basic_JJ  value_NN  payment_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  (_(  in_IO  current_JJ  jargon_NN  ,_,    escalated_VBN    )_)  by_IO  forty-five_MC  or_CC  sixty_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  and_CC  interest_NN  at_IO  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  damage_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  payment_NN  as_CS  escalated_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  escalation_NN  was_VBDZ  authorised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  (_(  increase_NN  of_IO  value_NN  payments_NNS  )_)  order_NN  1947_MC  (_(  \0S.R_NP  &_CC  \0O_NP  ,_,  \0no_NN  390_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  exercise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  discretion_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  sixty_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  commission_NN  pay_VV0  the_AT1  higher_JJ  percentage_NN  where_CS the_AT1  owner_NN  is_VBZ  prevented_VBN  by_IO  planning_NN  considerations_NNS  from_IO  making_VBG  good_JJ  the_AT1  damage_NN  or_CC  where_CS he_PPHO1  redevelops_VBZ  the_AT1  site_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  form_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  as_CS  making_VBG  good_JJ  with_IO  alterations_NNS  and_CC  additions_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  payment_NN  .  
  5_MC  .  
  other_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  damage_NN  payment_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  are_VBR  highway_NN  payments_NNS  ,_,  clearance_NN  payments_NNS  (_(  for_IO  clearing_VBG  remains_NNS  of_IO  structures_NNS  from_IO    total_JJ  loss_NN    sites_NNS  )_)  and_CC  church_NN  payments_NNS  .  
  although_CS  differing_VBG  in_IO  certain_JJ  important_JJ  ways_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  payments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  sums_NNS  paid_VBN  under_IO  these_DD2  heads_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  common_JJ  feature_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  payments_NNS  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  commission_NN  received_VVD  notifications_NNS  that_CS  war_NN  damage_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  sustained_VBN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  over_RR  three_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  million_MC  properties_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  paid_VBN  over_RR  four_MC  million_MC  claims_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  good_JJ  war_NN  damage_NN  (_(  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  claim_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  because_CS  reinstatement_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  wholly_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  one_MC1  operation_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  total_NN  so_RG  far_RR  for_IO  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  analogous_JJ  payments_NNS  is_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  over_RR  *+1,000_NNU  million_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  total_NN  for_IO  value_NN  payments_NNS  (_(  of_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  were_VBDR  about_RR  180,000_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  a_RR  little_RR  over_RR  *+250_NNU  million_MC  .  
  as_IO  against_II  this_DD1  about_RR  *+200_NNU  million_MC  was_VBDZ  collected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  department_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  1941-46_MC-MC  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  statutory_JJ    contributions_NNS    under_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  act_NN  from_IO  property_NN  owners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  amount_NN  paid_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  five_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  the_AT1  largest_JJT  amount_NN  paid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  *+220_NNU  million_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1948_MC  .  
  outstanding_JJ  liability_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  payments_NNS  .  
  7_MC  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  system_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  to_IO  owners_NNS  of_IO  properties_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  cost_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  payments_NNS  are_VBR  appropriate_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  repairs_NNS  or_CC  rebuilding_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  and_CC  make_VV0  their_APP$  claims_NNS  thereafter_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  accurate_JJ  or_CC  exhaustive_JJ  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  which_DDQ  still_RR  remains_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  at_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  date_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  vast_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  files_NNS  far_RR  too_RG  large_JJ  for_IO  examination_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  normal_JJ  sized_JJ  staff_NN  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  owners_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  notifying_VBG  damage_NN  required_VBN  (_(  indeed_RR  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  )_)  to_TO  give_VV0  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  repairs_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  ultimately_RR  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  at_IO  present_NN  no_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  compel_VV0  owners_NNS  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  work_NN  ;_;  nor_CC  would_VM  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  records_NNS  enable_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  identify_VV0  the_AT1  properties_NNS  still_RR  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  repair_NN  or_CC  rebuilding_NN  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  hasten_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  direction_NN  and_CC  execution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  are_VBR  matters_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  owner_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  advisers_NNS  and_CC  contractors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  statutory_JJ  duty_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  reimburse_VV0  the_AT1  cost_NN  incurred_VBN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  reasonable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  party_NN  to_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  contracts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  repair_NN  of_IO  war_NN  damage_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  all_DB  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  repairs_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  *+40_NNU  million_MC  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rough_JJ  estimate_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  no_AT1  exact_JJ  basis_NN  exists_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  figure_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  above_IO  this_DD1  or_CC  much_DA  less_DA  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  good_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  believing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  about_RR  90_MC  properties_NNS  (_(  including_IO  churches_NNS  ,_,  town_NN  halls_NNS  ,_,  factories_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  works_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  exceed_VV0  *+50,000_NNU  (_(  a_DA  few_DA  claims_NNS  may_VM  exceed_VV0  this_DD1  amount_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  sum_NN  )_)  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  total_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  properties_NNS  alone_RR  may_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  *+15_NNU  million_MC  .  
  8_MC  .  
  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  given_VBN  by_IO  owners_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  failure_NN  or_CC  inability_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  reinstatement_NN  are_VBR  various_JJ  .  
  uncertainty_NN  about_IO  development_NN  plans_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  intentions_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  acquisition_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  major_JJ  cause_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  large_JJ  organisations_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  among_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  hesitancy_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  reinstatement_NN  policy_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  delayed_VBN  considerably_RR  the_AT1  making_NN  good_JJ  of_IO  war_NN  damage_NN  .  
  some_DD  owners_NNS  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  money_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  maintenance_NN  work_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  repairs_NNS  .  
  where_CS properties_NNS  are_VBR  held_VBN  on_IO  lease_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  short_JJ  term_NN  unexpired_JJ  the_AT1  repairs_NNS  have_VH0  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  been_VBN  deferred_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  lessee_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  works_NNS  .  
  illness_NN  ,_,  old_JJ  age_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  general_JJ  reluctance_NN  to_IO  having_VHG  workmen_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  premises_NNS  has_VHZ  prevented_VBN  a_AT1  minority_NN  of_IO  householders_NNS  from_IO  completing_VBG  repairs_NNS  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  delay_NN  in_IO  claiming_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  are_VBR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  who_PNQS have_VH0  an_AT1  entitlement_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  every_AT1  reasonable_JJ  opportunity_NN  to_TO  secure_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  closing_NN  down_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  determined_JJ  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  shall_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  complain_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  lack_NN  of_IO  notice_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  prime_JB  purposes_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  white_JJ  paper_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  draw_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  all_DB  interested_JJ  persons_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  private_JJ  owners_NNS  ,_,  church_NN  authorities_NNS  ,_,  local_JJ  government_NN  officers_NNS  or_CC  company_NN  officials_NNS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  property_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  professional_JJ  advisors_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  making_VBG  immediate_JJ  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  negotiation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  commission_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  damage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  putting_VBG  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  war_NN  damage_NN  repairs_NNS  in_IO  hand_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  or_CC  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  repairs_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  claiming_VBG  a_AT1  converted_JJ  value_NN  payment_NN  .  
  9_MC  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  payments_NNS  system_NN  for_IO  land_NN  and_CC  buildings_NNS  described_VBN  above_II  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1943_MC  ,_,  provided_VVD  in_IO  part_NN  2_MC  for_IO  two_MC  insurance_NN  schemes_NNS  administered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  :_:    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  business_NN  chattels_NNS  scheme_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  plant_NN  and_CC  machinery_NN  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  private_JJ  chattels_NNS  scheme_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  household_NN  and_CC  commercial_JJ  chattels_NNS  .  
  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  on_IO  an_AT1  insured_JJ  value_NN  basis_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  not_XX  related_VBN  to_IO  replacement_NN  costs_NNS  .  
  under_IO  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  about_RR  *+77_NNU  million_MC  was_VBDZ  collected_VBN  in_IO  premiums_NNS  and_CC  *+93_NNU  million_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  claims_NNS  ;_;  under_IO  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  about_RR  *+16_NNU  million_MC  was_VBDZ  collected_VBN  in_IO  premiums_NNS  and_CC  *+116_NNU  million_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  claims_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  householder_NN  was_VBDZ  entitled_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  cover_NN  (_(  for_IO  example_NN  up_RP  to_IO  *+350_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  married_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  two_MC  children_NNS  )_)  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  allowed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  claim_NN  payments_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RRR  in_IO  line_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  premiums_NNS  collected_VBN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  amounts_NNS  paid_VVD  on_IO  losses_NNS  accrued_VBN  interest_NN  at_IO  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  paid_VBN  to_IO  claimants_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  due_JJ  under_IO  both_DB2  schemes_NNS  has_VHZ  accounted_VBN  for_IO  about_RR  *+21_NNU  million_MC  to_IO  date_NN  .  
  the_AT1  date_NN  for_IO  final_JJ  payments_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  chattels_NNS  scheme_NN  was_VBDZ  fixed_VBN  at_IO  14th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1947_MC  ,_,  and_CC  under_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  chattels_NNS  scheme_NN  at_IO  1st_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1953_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  certain_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  claims_NNS  remain_VV0  unpaid_JJ  (_(  for_IO  example_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  claimant_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  traced_VBN  )_)  and_CC  are_VBR  thought_VBN  to_TO  amount_VV0  to_IO  about_RR  *+1,120,000_NNU  plus_IO  accrued_JJ  interest_NN  at_IO  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  government_NN  proposal_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  final_JJ  settlement_NN  .  
  10_MC  .  
  the_AT1  justification_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  winding-up_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  date_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  commission_NN  is_VBZ  self-evident_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  increasingly_RR  difficult_JJ  ,_,  year_NN  by_IO  year_NN  ,_,  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  between_IO  genuine_JJ  war_NN  damage_NN  and_CC  ordinary_JJ  dilapidation_NN  through_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  maintenance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  probably_RR  comes_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  surprise_NN  to_IO  many_DA  people_NNS  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  commission_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  existence_NN  ,_,  that_CS  payments_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  being_VBG  made_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  aware_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  system_NN  lingers_VBZ  on_RP  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  possible_JJ  total_NN  of_IO  outstanding_JJ  liability_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  view_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  fair_JJ  to_TO  require_VV0  owners_NNS  to_TO  begin_VV0  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  repairs_NNS  at_RR  once_RR  and_CC  if_CS  for_IO  any_DD  reason_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  same_DA  payment_NN  (_(  a_AT1  converted_JJ  value_NN  payment_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  )_)  as_CS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  owners_NNS  who_PNQS applied_VVD  for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  payment_NN  and_CC  satisfied_VVD  the_AT1  commission_NN  that_CS  for_IO  one_MC1  reason_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  or_CC  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  good_JJ  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  1943_MC  long_RR  ago_RR  substantially_RR  achieved_VVD  its_APP$  original_JJ  objective_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  owners_NNS  to_TO  reinstate_VV0  their_APP$  damaged_JJ  properties_NNS  expeditiously_RR  and_CC  without_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inflation_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  issue_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  grand_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  cash_NN  payments_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  properties_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  not_XX  total_JJ  losses_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  caused_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  come_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  work_NN  done_VBN  quickly_RR  or_CC  to_TO  give_VV0  owners_NNS  a_AT1  payment_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  them_PPHO1  instead_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  and_CC  perhaps_RR  better_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  property_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  provisions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  closure_NN  operation_NN  .  
  11_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  essential_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  winding_NN  up_RP  should_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  stages_NNS  with_IO  two_MC  statutory_JJ  time_NN  limits_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  registration_NN  date_NN  for_IO  giving_VBG  notice_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  intended_JJ  claim_NN  for_IO  payment_NN  and_CC  of_IO  outstanding_JJ  war_NN  damage_NN  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  date_NN  no_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  claim_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  any_DD  additional_JJ  works_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  provision_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  owners_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  action_NN  ,_,  to_TO  put_VV0  a_AT1  barrier_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  claims_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  otherwise_RR  trickle_VV0  on_RP  almost_RR  indefinitely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  inform_VV0  the_AT1  commission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  approximate_JJ  total_JJ  liability_NN  which_DDQ  remains_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  closing_JJ  date_NN  for_IO  executing_VBG  any_DD    registered_JJ    war_NN  repairs_VBZ  which_DDQ  owners_NNS  are_VBR  willing_JJ  and_CC  able_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  negotiation_NN  and_CC  payment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  claims_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  negotiation_NN  and_CC  payment_NN  of_IO  converted_JJ  value_NN  payments_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  intention_NN  or_CC  prospect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  being_VBG  carried_VBN  out_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  post-registration_JB  statutory_JJ  period_NN  .  
  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  practical_JJ  and_CC  fair_JJ  method_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  eliminate_VV0  all_DB  future_JB  claims_NNS  after_IO  due_JJ  notice_NN  by_IO  providing_VBG  for_IO  registration_NN  ,_,  including_IO  registration_NN  of_IO  work_NN  already_RR  in_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  allow_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  limited_JJ  period_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  orderly_JJ  disposal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  registered_JJ  works_NNS  in_IO  consultation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  .  
  12_MC  .  
  except_CS  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  modifications_NNS  are_VBR  necessitated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  closure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  existing_JJ  principles_NNS  and_CC  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1943_MC  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  preserved_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  comparative_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  criticism_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  20_MC  years_NNS  testifies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  aptness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  provisions_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  continuity_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  conflict_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  purpose_NN  ,_,  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  over-estimated_VBN  .  
  administration_NN  on_IO  well_RR  established_JJ  and_CC  uncontroversial_JJ  lines_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  owners_NNS  and_CC  professional_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  expect_VV0  and_CC  accept_VV0  certain_JJ  procedures_NNS  will_VM  undoubtedly_RR  help_VV0  to_TO  effect_VV0  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  running-down_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  running-down_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  in_IO  fact_NN  been_VBN  in_IO  progress_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  must_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  given_VBN  the_AT1  promise_NN  of_IO  finality_NN  .  
  13_MC  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  contain_VV0  a_AT1  brief_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  measures_NNS  proposed_VBN  to_TO  effect_VV0  a_AT1  winding-up_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  an_AT1  amendment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  damage_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1943_MC  .  
  these_DD2  measures_NNS  were_VBDR  foreshadowed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  by_IO  its_APP$  financial_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  quoted_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  .  dangerous_JJ  occurrences_NNS  .  
  to_TO  provide_VV0  fuller_JJ  information_NN  about_IO  certain_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  occurrence_NN  ,_,  section_NN  65_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1937_MC  ,_,  requires_VBZ  notification_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  specified_JJ  occurrences_NNS  to_IO  \0H.M_NP  district_NN  Inspectors_NNSB2  of_IO  factories_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  result_VV0  in_IO  injury_NN  .  
  appendix_NN  20_MC  gives_VBZ  figures_NNS  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  occurrences_NNS  reported_VBN  in_IO  1960_MC  ;_;  the_AT1  types_NNS  of_IO  occurrence_NN  which_DDQ  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  reported_VBN  are_VBR  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  heading_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  dangerous_JJ  occurrences_NNS  reported_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  1,409_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  111_MC  over_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  for_IO  1959_MC  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  notifiable_JJ  accidents_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  occurrences_NNS  fell_VVD  from_IO  252_MC  (_(  31_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  fatal_JJ  )_)  in_IO  1959_MC  to_IO  245_MC  (_(  22_MC  fatal_JJ  )_)  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  of_IO  occurrences_NNS  reported_VBN  occurred_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  category_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  collapse_NN  or_CC  failure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  crane_NN  ,_,  derrick_NN  ,_,  winch_NN  or_CC  hoist_NN  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  one-third_MC  from_IO  335_MC  to_IO  438_MC  .  
  this_DD1  increase_NN  was_VBDZ  common_JJ  to_IO  factories_NNS  ,_,  docks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  building_NN  operations_NNS  .  
  industrial_JJ  health_NN  .  
  an_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  of_IO  industrial_JJ  disease_NN  or_CC  poisoning_NN  notifiable_JJ  under_IO  section_NN  66_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1937_MC  ,_,  or_CC  under_IO  section_NN  3_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  lead_NN  paint_NN  (_(  protection_NN  against_IO  poisoning_NN  act_NN  )_)  ,_,  1926_MC  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  comparable_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  earlier_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  21_MC  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  notified_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  569_MC  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  532_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  ;_;  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  deaths_NNS  remains_VBZ  unchanged_JJ  at_IO  10_MC  .  
  cases_NNS  of_IO  chrome_NN  ulceration_NN  increased_VVD  from_IO  192_MC  to_IO  298_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  reportable_JJ  cases_NNS  of_IO  epitheliomatous_JJ  ulceration_NN  decreased_VVD  from_IO  226_MC  (_(  nine_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  fatal_JJ  )_)  in_IO  1959_MC  to_IO  173_MC  (_(  six_MC  fatal_JJ  )_)  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  19_MC  cases_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  disease_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  mineral_NN  oil_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  number_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  category_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  10_MC  years_NNS  .  
  appendix_NN  22_MC  records_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  involving_VBG  gassing_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  previous_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  (_(  222_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  deaths_NNS  (_(  20_MC  )_)  were_VBDR  greater_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  accidents_NNS  which_DDQ  involve_VV0  special_JJ  circumstances_NNS  or_CC  matters_NNS  of_IO  particular_JJ  medical_JJ  interest_NN  are_VBR  discussed_VBN  in_IO  greater_JJ  detail_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  health_NN  report_NN  for_IO  1960_MC  .  
  appendix_NN  23_MC  records_VBZ  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  of_IO  statutory_JJ  examinations_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  appointed_JJ  factory_NN  doctors_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  acts_NNS  special_JJ  regulations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  and_CC  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  voluntary_JJ  medical_JJ  examinations_NNS  .  
  appendices_NNS  24_MC  and_CC  25_MC  set_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  statutory_JJ  examinations_NNS  of_IO  young_JJ  persons_NNS  for_IO  certificates_NNS  of_IO  fitness_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  appointed_JJ  factory_NN  doctors_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  causes_NNS  of_IO  rejection_NN  .  
  these_DD2  examinations_NNS  numbered_VVD  500,984_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  21,962_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  283,906_MC  examinations_NNS  of_IO  male_JJ  young_JJ  persons_NNS  (_(  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  19,706_MC  )_)  and_CC  217,078_MC  examinations_NNS  of_IO  female_JJ  young_JJ  persons_NNS  (_(  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  2,256_MC  )_)  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  causes_NNS  ,_,  rejections_NNS  among_IO  male_JJ  young_JJ  persons_NNS  numbered_VVD  468_MC  ,_,  and_CC  among_IO  female_JJ  young_JJ  persons_NNS  1,008_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  19_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  decrease_NN  of_IO  89_MC  respectively_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year's_NN1$  figures_NNS  .  
  chapter_NN  2_MC  .  
  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  record_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  prominent_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  year's_NN1$  activities_NNS  and_CC  developments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  safety_NN  ,_,  health_NN  and_CC  welfare_NN  is_VBZ  presented_VBN  in_IO  four_MC  sections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  records_VBZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  industrial_JJ  developments_NNS  affecting_VBG  the_AT1  safety_NN  ,_,  health_NN  and_CC  welfare_NN  of_IO  factory_NN  workers_NNS  which_DDQ  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  \0H.M_NP  inspectorate_NN  of_IO  factories_NNS  during_IO  1960_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  international_JJ  ,_,  industrial_JJ  and_CC  voluntary_JJ  organisations_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  .  
  a_AT1  section_NN  on_IO  fire_NN  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  made_VBN  to_TO  implement_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1959_MC  .  
  the_AT1  chapter_NN  concludes_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  summary_NN  of_IO  relevant_JJ  legislation_NN  passed_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  industrial_JJ  developments_NNS  .  
  a_ZZ1  .  
  electrical_JJ  developments_NNS  .  
  electricity_NN  supply_NN    general_JJ  developments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  electricity_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  double_VV0  every_AT1  10_MC  years_NNS  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  demands_VBZ  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  large_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  new_JJ  plant_NN  annually_RR  and_CC  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  save_VV0  expense_NN  and_CC  space_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  units_NNS  :_:  generating_JJ  sets_NNS  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  550_MC  \0MW_NNU  and_CC  transmission_NN  systems_NNS  to_TO  operate_VV0  at_IO  500_MC  \0KV_NNU  are_VBR  now_RL  being_VBG  designed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  progress_NN  leaves_VBZ  designers_NNS  with_IO  less_DA  opportunity_NN  to_TO  modify_VV0  designs_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  working_NN  experience_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  more_RG  exacting_JJ  planning_NN  requirements_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  met_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  computers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  aids_NNS  .  
  automatic_JJ  torque_NN  angle_NN  control_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  large_JJ  generators_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  safe_JJ  operation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  extreme_JJ  limit_NN  of_IO  stability_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  operator_NN  .  
  difficult_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  protection_NN  under_IO  fault_NN  conditions_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  tackled_VBN  by_IO  area_NN  and_CC  distribution_NN  engineers_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  power_NN  at_IO  sub-stations_NNS  .  
  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  steam_NN  turbo-generators_NNS  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  provide_VV0  continuity_NN  of_IO  electricity_NN  supply_NN  from_IO  large_JJ  turbo-generators_NNS  running_VBG  in_IO  parallel_NN  ,_,  designers_NNS  and_CC  operating_JJ  engineers_NNS  must_VM  understand_VV0  both_DB2  the_AT1  balance_NN  between_IO  steam_NN  utilisation_NN  and_CC  electrical_JJ  output_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  connected_JJ  electrical_JJ  system_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  speed_NN  and_CC  operational_JJ  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  generator_NN  .  
  on_IO  several_DA  occasions_NNS  this_DD1  balance_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  seriously_RR  disturbed_VBN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turbine_NN  governor_NN  gear_NN  immediately_RR  to_TO  reduce_VV0  steam_NN  supply_NN  to_TO  compensate_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  loss_NN  in_IO  electrical_JJ  load_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  speed_NN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  rapidly_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  designed_JJ  maximum_NN  ,_,  even_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  centrifugal_JJ  governor_NN  operating_VBG  the_AT1  steam_NN  through_IO  an_AT1  oil_NN  hydraulic_JJ  system_NN  and_CC  backed_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  emergency_NN  governor_NN  .  
  centrifugal_JJ  forces_NNS  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  causing_VBG  the_AT1  turbine_NN  to_TO  disintegrate_VV0  with_IO  serious_JJ  damage_NN  to_IO  buildings_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  loss_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  research_NN  and_CC  development_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  undertaken_VBN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  these_DD2  hazards_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  more_RG  serious_JJ  as_CS  turbo-generators_NNS  increase_VV0  in_IO  power_NN  .  
  modern_JJ  turbines_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  with_IO  anticipatory_JJ  gear_NN  to_TO  detect_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  correct_VV0  instantly_RR  any_DD  violent_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  speed_NN  as_CS  with_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  testing_VBG  and_CC  checking_VBG  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  governor_NN  mechanism_NN  without_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  machine_NN  off_IO  load_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  unit_NN  system_NN  ,_,  where_CS boiler_NN  ,_,  turbine_NN  and_CC  ancillary_JJ  plant_NN  are_VBR  integrated_VBN  ,_,  controls_NNS  are_VBR  located_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  operations_NNS  room_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  supervision_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  co-ordinated_JJ  team_NN  .  
  instruments_NNS  ,_,  controls_NNS  and_CC  alarms_NNS  are_VBR  so_RR  grouped_VBN  that_CS  quick_JJ  reference_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_IO  both_DB2  steam_NN  and_CC  electrical_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  wherever_CS possible_JJ  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO    failure-to-safety_JB    or_CC    back-up_JB  protection_NN    have_VH0  been_VBN  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  .  
  developments_NNS  in_IO  electronic_JJ  engineering_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  outstanding_JJ  recent_JJ  advances_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  semi-conductor_NN  engineering_NN  .  
  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  semi-conductors_NNS  are_VBR  absence_NN  of_IO  moving_JJ  parts_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  indefinitely_RR  long_JJ  life_NN  without_IO  maintenance_NN  and_CC  extreme_JJ  versatility_NN  of_IO  function_NN    including_IO  measurement_NN  ,_,  amplification_NN  ,_,  instrumentation_NN  ,_,  control_NN  ,_,  rectification_NN  ,_,  inversion_NN  and_CC  switching_NN  .  
  generally_RR  these_DD2  devices_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  promote_VV0  safety_NN  by_IO  their_APP$  innate_JJ  characteristics_NNS  and_CC  reliability_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  also_RR  enable_VV0  many_DA  new_JJ  safety_NN  devices_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  designed_VBN  ;_;  electromagnetic_JJ  relays_NNS  with_IO  mercury-wetted_JJ  contacts_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  available_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  life-expectancy_NN  of_IO  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  millions_MC2  of_IO  contact_NN  operations_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  robustness_NN  and_CC  reliability_NN  of_IO  electronic_JJ  valves_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  greatly_RR  improved_VBN  .  
  progress_NN  in_IO    miniaturisation_NN    ,_,  also_RR  partly_RR  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  semi-conductor_NN  techniques_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  contribute_VV0  to_IO  industrial_JJ  safety_NN  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  and_CC  eventually_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  possible_JJ  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  self-adjusting_JJ    monitoring_JJ    correcting_JJ  and_CC  maintaining_JJ  mechanisms_NNS  of_IO  unprecedented_JJ  reliability_NN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  electricity_NN  on_IO  constructional_JJ  sites_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1960_MC  approximately_RR  one-eighth_MC  of_IO  all_DB  electrical_JJ  accidents_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  fatalities_NNS  ,_,  occurred_VVD  on_IO  building_NN  and_CC  constructional_JJ  engineering_NN  sites_NNS  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  acts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  largest_JJT  group_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  portable_JJ  electrical_JJ  apparatus_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  associated_JJ  flexible_JJ  cables_NNS  and_CC  accessories_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  largest_JJT  group_NN  was_VBDZ  caused_VBN  by_IO  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  wiring_NN  .  
  interesting_JJ  developments_NNS  are_VBR  taking_VBG  place_NN  on_IO  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  sites_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  electrical_JJ  accident_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  :_:    
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  multi-storey_JB  buildings_NNS  ,_,  rising_JJ  mains_NNS  at_IO  415/240-\0V_NNU  are_VBR  installed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  cable_NN  so_RR  situated_VBN  as_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  protected_VBN  against_IO  casual_JJ  damage_NN  and_CC  240-\0V_NNU  single-phase_JB  supplies_NNS  are_VBR  tapped_VBN  successively_RR  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  floors_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  economical_JJ  and_CC  ensures_VBZ  that_CS  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  phase_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  on_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  floor_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  local_JJ  voltage_NN  reduction_NN  by_IO  single-phase_JB  transformers_NNS  on_IO  each_DD1  floor_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  installed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  arrangement_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  building_NN  work_NN  from_IO  floor_NN  to_IO  floor_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  carcase_NN  wiring_NN  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  operations_NNS  ,_,  thus_RR  reducing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  flexible_JJ  and_CC  temporary_JJ  wiring_NN  .  
  voltage_NN  reduction_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  used_VBN  on_IO  each_DD1  floor_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  with_IO  transportable_JJ  machines_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  too_RG  large_JJ  for_IO  single_JJ  phase-motor_JB  drives_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  three-phase_JB  motors_NNS  with_IO  voltage_NN  reduction_NN  is_VBZ  growing_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  transformer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  output_NN  at_IO  110-\0V_NNU  ,_,  three-phase_NN  with_IO  earthed_JJ  neutral_JJ  point_NN  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  voltage_NN  to_IO  earth_NN  of_IO  approximately_RR  64-\0V_NNU  ,_,  a_AT1  value_NN  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  safe_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  but_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  exceptional_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  common_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  festoon_NN  wiring_NN  found_VBN  in_IO  use_NN  in_IO  lighting_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  required_VVD  the_AT1  piercing_NN  of_IO  cable_NN  by_IO  sharp_JJ  contacts_NNS  at_IO  points_NNS  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  to_IO  instal_VV0  lampholders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  risks_NNS  of_IO  shock_NN  from_IO  leakage_NN  and_CC  pierced_JJ  insulation_NN  made_VVD  this_DD1  wiring_NN  unsuitable_JJ  for_IO  construction_NN  work_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  welcome_JJ  development_NN  that_CS  makers_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  producing_VBG  an_AT1  improved_JJ  form_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  lampholders_NNS  moulded_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  cable_NN  at_IO  such_DA  intervals_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  purchaser_NN  may_VM  require_VV0  .  
  prevention_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  at_IO  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  electric_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  from_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  lines_NNS  remains_VBZ  serious_JJ  ;_;  107_MC  such_DA  accidents_NNS  have_VH0  occurred_VBN  in_IO  factories_NNS  since_IO  1954_MC  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  44_MC  have_VH0  been_VBN  fatal_JJ  .  
  while_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  some_DD  improvement_NN  in_IO  accidents_NNS  from_IO  contact_NN  by_IO  cranes_NNS  or_CC  similar_JJ  machines_NNS  the_AT1  number_NN  caused_VBN  by_IO  direct_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  lines_NNS    20_MC  ,_,  including_IO  six_MC  fatal_JJ  ones_CD1S  in_IO  1960_MC    has_VHZ  reached_VBN  a_AT1  level_NN  that_PNQS gives_VBZ  cause_NN  for_IO  concern_NN  .  
  attempts_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  made_VBN  to_TO  develop_VV0  equipment_NN  to_TO  fix_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  crane_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  shock_NN  from_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  the_AT1  equipment_NN  takes_VBZ  two_MC  forms_NNS    an_AT1  insulating_JJ  guard_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  jib_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crane_NN  ,_,  intended_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  direct_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  and_CC  electronic_JJ  equipment_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sensitive_JJ  probe_NN  mounted_VBN  slightly_RR  forward_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jib_NN  and_CC  with_IO  electronic_JJ  assembly_NN  and_CC  warning_JJ  apparatus_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  driver's_NN1$  cab_NN  .  
  improved_JJ  designs_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  forms_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  tried_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  workers_NNS  will_VM  rely_VV0  too_RG  much_RR  on_IO  fixed_JJ  devices_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  fail_VV0  to_TO  recognise_VV0  their_APP$  limitations_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  safer_JJ  both_DB2  in_IO  principle_NN  and_CC  practice_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  worker_NN  away_RP  from_IO  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  lines_NNS  wherever_CS possible_JJ  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  by_IO  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  re-routing_VBG  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  putting_VBG  the_AT1  supply_NN  underground_RR  ,_,  (_(  3_MC  )_)  making_VBG  the_AT1  line_NN  dead_JJ  (_(  after_IO  consultation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  authority_NN  )_)  ,_,  (_(  4_MC  )_)  providing_VBG  barriers_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  safe_JJ  distance_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  vehicles_NNS  from_IO  approaching_VBG  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  or_CC  height_NN  gauges_NNS  or_CC    goal_NN  posts_NNS    at_IO  points_NNS  where_CS vehicles_NNS  must_VM  pass_VV0  below_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  (_(  5_MC  )_)  providing_VBG  look-out_JB  men_NNS  or_CC  banksmen_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  on_IO  lines_NNS  carrying_VBG  the_AT1  higher_JJ  voltages_NNS  flashover_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  may_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  without_IO  actual_JJ  contact_NN  .  
  b_ZZ1  .  
  engineering_NN  developments_NNS  .  
  leather_NN  industry_NN    leather_VV0  rolls_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  machine_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  developed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  automatic_JJ  rolling_NN  of_IO  sole_NN  leather_NN  bends_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sheet_NN  of_IO  leather_NN  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  sliding_JJ  feed_NN  tray_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  danger_NN  zone_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  then_RL  pushed_VBN  forward_RR  between_IO  two_MC  platens_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  upper_JB  one_MC1  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  rollers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  platen_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  supports_VBZ  the_AT1  leather_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  hydraulically_RR  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  rollers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  platen_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  then_RL  caused_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  several_DA  horizontal_JJ  oscillations_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  leather_NN  is_VBZ  rolled_VBN  and_CC  pressed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  danger_NN  zone_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  platens_NNS  is_VBZ  fenced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  guard_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  interlocked_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  hydraulic_JJ  valve_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  press_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  sequentially_RR  operated_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shutter_NN  starts_VBZ  the_AT1  machine_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cycle_NN  following_VBG  automatically_RR  .  
  brickmaking_NN  machinery_NN    new_JJ  sanding_NN  method_NN  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  applying_VBG  sand_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  faces_NNS  of_IO  green_JJ  bricks_NNS  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  developed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  wire-cut_JJ  bricks_NNS  the_AT1  column_NN  of_IO  clay_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pug-mill_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  length_NN  of_IO  belt_NN  conveyor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sanding_NN  plant_NN  .  
  this_DD1  consists_VBZ  basically_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  vibrating_JJ  hopper_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  sand_NN  is_VBZ  distributed_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  four_MC  faces_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  slots_NNS  ,_,  scrapers_NNS  and_CC  worms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  conveyor_NN  is_VBZ  broken_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  sand_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  under_JB  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  column_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  passes_VBZ  on_RP  through_IO  two_MC  pairs_NNS  of_IO  vibrating_JJ  rollers_NNS  which_DDQ  embed_VV0  the_AT1  sand_NN  firmly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  surfaces_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  finally_RR  cut_VBN  into_IO  bricks_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  cutting_NN  table_NN  .  of_IO  over_RR  7,000,000_MC  square_JJ  feet_NNS  of_IO  factory_NN  space_NN  built_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  corporations_NNS  ,_,  about_RR  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  represents_VBZ  extensions_NNS  built_VBN  after_CS  the_AT1  firms_NNS  had_VHD  become_VBN  established_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corporations_NNS  to_TO  charge_VV0  full_JJ  rack-rents_NNS  or_CC  ground_NN  rents_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  factories_NNS  or_CC  industrial_JJ  sites_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  rents_NNS  vary_VV0  considerably_RR  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  factory_NN  accommodation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  gross_JJ  return_NN  on_IO  established_JJ  industrial_JJ  estates_NNS  ranges_VBZ  from_IO  7_MC  to_IO  9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  expenditure_NN  on_IO  land_NN  ,_,  site_NN  works_NNS  and_CC  buildings_NNS  .  
  manufacturing_NN  industry_NN  affords_VBZ  employment_NN  to_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  non-manual_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  analysis_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  Crawley_NP  development_NN  corporation_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  after_IO  collating_VBG  replies_NNS  from_IO  fifty-eight_MC  manufacturing_NN  firms_NNS  employing_VBG  over_RR  nine_MC  thousand_MC  staff_NN  ,_,  showed_VVD  that_CS  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  were_VBDR  classed_VBN  as_CS  managerial_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  ,_,  11_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  as_CS  technical_JJ  or_CC  employed_VBN  in_IO  research_NN  and_CC  19_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  as_CS  clerical_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  pattern_NN  is_VBZ  peculiar_JJ  to_IO  Crawley_NP  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  corporations_NNS  have_VH0  aimed_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  varied_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  industry_NN  ,_,  offering_VBG  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  choice_NN  of_IO  employer_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  choice_NN  of_IO  occupation_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  women_NNS  and_CC  school-leavers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  due_JJ  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  industries_NNS  already_RR  established_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  towns_NNS  .  
  inevitably_RR  engineering_NN  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  motor_NN  vehicle_NN  and_CC  aircraft_NN  industries_NNS  ,_,  predominates_VBZ  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  since_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  among_IO  the_AT1  industries_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  expanded_VBN  most_RBT  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  generally_RR  .  
  of_IO  those_DD2  at_IO  present_NN  employed_VBN  in_IO  manufacturing_NN  industry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  about_RR  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  are_VBR  employed_VBN  in_IO  engineering_NN  and_CC  electrical_JJ  goods_NNS  manufacture_NN    the_AT1  proportion_NN  employed_VBN  in_IO  both_DB2  these_DD2  groups_NNS  combined_VBN  varies_VBZ  from_IO  about_RR  30_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Welwyn_NP  to_IO  85_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Stevenage_NP  and_CC  90_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Hatfield_NP  .  
  these_DD2  figures_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  higher_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  averages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  thought_VBN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  balance_NN  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  these_DD2  groups_NNS  offer_VV0  fairly_RR  varied_JJ  opportunities_NNS  of_IO  skilled_JJ  employment_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  highly_RR  diversified_VBN  as_IO  regards_II  products_NNS  ,_,  markets_NNS  and_CC  methods_NNS  of_IO  manufacture_NN  .  
  consumer_NN  goods_NNS  industries_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  ,_,  tobacco_NN  ,_,  clothing_NN  and_CC  footwear_NN  are_VBR  under-represented_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  generally_RR  though_CS  not_XX  in_IO  Basildon_NP  and_CC  Welwyn_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  table_NN  indicates_VBZ  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  firms_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  occupying_VBG  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  factory_NN  ,_,  introduced_VBN  or_CC  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  development_NN  corporations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  the_AT1  overall_JB  average_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  development_NN  corporations_NNS  is_VBZ  about_RR  170_MC  employees_NNS  per_IO  firm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  average_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  is_VBZ  roughly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  except_CS  at_IO  Hatfield_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  lower_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Stevenage_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  higher_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  at_IO  Stevenage_NP  is_VBZ  accounted_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  firm_NN  with_IO  3,700_MC  employees_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  others_DA2  with_IO  over_RR  1,000_MC  employees_NNS  .  
  about_RR  32_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  workers_NNS  employed_VBN  in_IO  factories_NNS  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  corporations_NNS  are_VBR  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  eleven_MC  largest_JJT  firms_NNS  and_CC  about_RR  23_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  by_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  group_NN  of_IO  firms_NNS  employing_VBG  between_IO  five_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  thousand_MC  workers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  factories_NNS  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  town_NN  development_NN  corporations_NNS  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  female_JJ  employees_NNS  ,_,  expressed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  all_DB  employees_NNS  ,_,  varies_VBZ  from_IO  23_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Welwyn_NP  Garden_NNL1  City_NNL1  and_CC  24_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Hemel_NP  Hempstead_NP  to_IO  35_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Basildon_NP  and_CC  55_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  Hatfield_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  about_RR  30_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU    rather_RR  less_DA  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  Corby_NP  and_CC  Peterlee_NP  (_(  where_CS the_AT1  prime_JB  need_NN  so_RG  far_RR  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  employment_NN  for_IO  women_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  82_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  74_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  respectively_RR  .  
  shops_NNS  .  
  shopping_NN  provision_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  has_VHZ  generally_RR  been_VBN  based_VBN  on_IO  an_AT1  estimated_JJ  need_NN  of_IO  about_RR  eight_MC  shops_NNS  for_IO  every_AT1  thousand_MC  people_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  being_VBG  considered_VBN  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  shoppers_NNS  coming_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  from_IO  surrounding_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  distribution_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  varies_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  towns_NNS  tending_VBG  to_TO  rely_VV0  mainly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  centres_NNS  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA    pantry_NN    shops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhoods_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  larger_JJ  ones_CD1S  providing_VBG  neighbourhood_NN  centres_NNS  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  thirty_MC  or_CC  more_DA  shops_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  residential_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  small_JJ  sub-centres_NNS  in_IO  outlying_JJ  districts_NNS  .  
  some_DD  development_NN  corporations_NNS  have_VH0  sought_VBN  to_TO  attract_VV0  private_JJ  investors_NNS  by_IO  leasing_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shopping_NN  area_NN  to_IO  companies_NNS  experienced_JJ  in_IO  commercial_JJ  development_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  undertaken_VBN  the_AT1  building_NN  and_CC  letting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  corporations_NNS  have_VH0  generally_RR  found_VBN  it_PPH1  more_RG  satisfactory_JJ  to_TO  build_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  leasing_VBG  the_AT1  shops_NNS  direct_RR  to_IO  traders_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  breaks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  rents_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  increased_VBN  in_IO  scale_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  rising_JJ  prosperity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  this_DD1  control_NN  over_IO  lettings_NNS  also_RR  secures_VBZ  a_AT1  balanced_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  shop_NN  ,_,  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  shoppers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  security_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  shopkeeper_NN  .  
  timing_NN  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  an_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  .  
  too_RG  many_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  may_VM  not_XX  provide_VV0  a_AT1  living_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  traders_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  too_RG  few_DA  may_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  failure_NN  to_TO  attract_VV0  custom_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  dependence_NN  on_IO  mobile_JJ  shops_NNS  ,_,  essential_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  slow_JJ  to_TO  break_VV0  if_CS  carried_VBN  on_RP  too_RG  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  open_JJ  markets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  centres_NNS  has_VHZ  helped_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  custom_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  initial_JJ  fears_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  shopkeepers_NNS  that_CS  their_APP$  trade_NN  would_VM  suffer_VV0  have_VH0  proved_VBN  unfounded_JJ  .  
  shopping_NN  on_IO  two_MC  levels_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  towns_NNS  and_CC  has_VHZ  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  centre_NN  .  
  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  trader_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  encouraged_VBN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  departmental_JJ  store_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  shoe-mender_NN  ,_,  with_IO  banks_NNS  specially_RR  sited_VBN  on_IO  corners_NNS  or_CC  in_IO  separate_JJ  courts_NNS  to_TO  avoid_VV0  breaking_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  shopping_NN  frontage_NN  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  factories_NNS  and_CC  industrial_JJ  sites_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  corporations'_NN2  policy_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  charge_VV0  full_JJ  commercial_JJ  rents_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  shops_NNS  and_CC  shopping_NN  sites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  town_NN  centre_NN  development_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  high_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  with_IO  large_JJ  paved_JJ  areas_NNS  and_CC  pleasant_JJ  amenities_NNS  and_CC  decorative_JJ  features_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  gross_JJ  return_NN  on_IO  capital_NN  expenditure_NN  on_IO  town_NN  and_CC  neighbourhood_NN  shopping_NN  centres_VBZ  ranges_VBZ  from_IO  6_MC  to_IO  13_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  their_APP$  successful_JJ  industrial_JJ  and_CC  commercial_JJ  development_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  corporations_NNS  must_VM  look_VV0  to_TO  recoup_VV0  the_AT1  high_JJ  costs_NNS  of_IO  main_JB  sewerage_NN  and_CC  drainage_NN  ,_,  main_JB  roads_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  special_JJ  development_NN  expenditure_NN  .  
  service_NN  industry_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  population_NN  are_VBR  employed_VBN  in_IO  manufacturing_NN  or_CC  basic_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  between_IO  60_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  are_VBR  so_RR  employed_VBN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  provincial_JJ  new_JJ  towns_NNS  the_AT1  figure_NN  is_VBZ  somewhat_RR  higher_JJ  .  
  employment_NN  in_IO  services_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  increase_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  towns_NNS  approach_VV0  maturity_NN  :_:  indeed_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  generally_RR  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  so_RR  employed_VBN  is_VBZ  growing_VBG  steadily_RR  .  
  these_DD2  services_NNS  develop_VV0  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  pace_NN  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  local_JJ  demand_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  and_CC  little_DA  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  office_NN  employment_NN  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  proved_VBN  possible_JJ  as_RR  yet_RR  to_TO  attract_VV0    head_JB  offices_NNS  and_CC  administrative_JJ  and_CC  research_NN  establishments_NNS  including_IO  sections_NNS  of_IO  government_NN  departments_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  public_JJ  offices_NNS    on_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  needed_VBN    to_TO  establish_VV0  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  diverse_JJ  and_CC  balanced_JJ  social_JJ  composition_NN    as_CS  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Reith_NP  committee_NN  .  
  except_CS  at_IO  Hemel_NP  Hempstead_NP  ,_,  large_JJ  office_NN  organisations_NNS  have_VH0  until_CS  quite_RR  recently_RR  shown_VBN  little_DA  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  probably_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  in_IO  recruiting_VBG  suitable_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  junior_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  locally_RR  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  interest_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  nearly_RR  half_DB  a_AT1  million_MC  square_JJ  feet_NNS  of_IO  office_NN  space_NN  under_IO  construction_NN    almost_RR  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  area_NN  so_RG  far_RR  completed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  interest_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  grow_VV0  as_CS  employers_NNS  become_VV0  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  advantages_NNS  of_IO  setting_VBG  up_RP  offices_NNS  in_IO  towns_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  growing_JJ  population_NN  and_CC  excellent_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  wrote_VVD  personally_RR  to_IO  some_DD  two_MC  hundred_MC  chairmen_NNS  of_IO  companies_NNS  with_IO  large_JJ  offices_NNS  in_IO  central_JJ  London_NP  ,_,  drawing_VBG  their_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  offered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  corporations_NNS  have_VH0  provided_VBN  office_NN  accommodation_NN  (_(  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  included_VBN  in_IO  factory_NN  premises_NNS  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  specially_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  particular_JJ  organisations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  also_RR  erected_VBN  some_DD  buildings_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  speculative_JJ  venture_NN  .  
  despite_IO  some_DD  misgivings_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  have_VH0  readily_RR  let_VBN  on_IO  satisfactory_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  a_AT1  break_NN  clause_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  allowing_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  future_JB  increase_NN  in_IO  rent_NN  to_TO  reflect_VV0  rising_JJ  values_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  more_RG  modest_JJ  premises_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  floors_NNS  over_IO  shops_NNS  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  centres_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  office_NN  organisation_NN  .  
  government_NN  departments_NNS  .  
  government_NN  departments_NNS  with_IO  branches_NNS  established_VBN  or_CC  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  established_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  include_VV0  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  stationery_NN  office_NN  at_IO  Basildon_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  meteorological_JJ  office_NN  at_IO  Bracknell_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  (_(  who_PNQS have_VH0  a_AT1  research_NN  laboratory_NN  at_IO  Harlow_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  general_JJ  post_NN  office_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  transport_NN  at_IO  Hemel_NP  Hempstead_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  research_NN  at_IO  Stevenage_NP  .  
  local_JJ  offices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  ministry_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  insurance_NN  and_CC  inland_JB  revenue_NN  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  established_VBN  or_CC  proposed_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  towns_NNS  .  
  youth_NN  employment_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  abnormal_JJ  age_NN  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  populations_NNS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  reaching_VBG  school-leaving_NN  age_NN  ,_,  expressed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  population_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  and_CC  still_RR  is_VBZ  below_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  average_NN  .  
  but_CCB  whereas_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  annual_JJ  average_NN  will_VM  settle_VV0  down_RP  at_IO  something_PN1  like_IO  1.4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  after_IO  the_AT1    bulge_NN    has_VHZ  passed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  the_AT1  percentage_NN  will_VM  generally_RR  go_VV0  on_RP  rising_VBG  (_(  in_IO  some_DD  towns_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  seventies_MC2  )_)  reaching_VBG  levels_NNS  of_IO  perhaps_RR  2.3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  some_DD  towns_NNS  before_CS  it_PPH1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  decline_VV0  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  ,_,  when_CS large_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  school-leavers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  looking_VBG  for_IO  jobs_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  relatively_RR  few_DA  retirements_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  therefore_RR  local_JJ  employment_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  existing_JJ  industry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  factories_NNS  ,_,  laboratories_NNS  and_CC  offices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  expected_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  easily_RR  stimulated_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  industries_NNS  .  
  schemes_NNS  for_IO  training_VBG  young_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  and_CC  commerce_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  particularly_RR  important_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  housing_NN  requirements_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  Reith_NP  committee_NN  foresaw_VVD  ,_,    perfect_JJ  synchronisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  employing_JJ  firms_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  employed_JJ  people_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  practicable_JJ    .  
  for_IO  short_JJ  periods_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  town_NN  corporations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  offer_VV0  a_AT1  house_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  flat_NN  at_RR  once_RR  to_IO  anyone_PN1  eligible_JJ  for_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  house_NN  building_NN  has_VHZ  lagged_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  towns_NNS  the_AT1  waiting_NN  period_NN  has_VHZ  tended_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  ,_,  partly_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  buoyancy_NN  of_IO  industry_NN  generates_NNS  increasing_JJ  demands_NNS  ,_,  partly_RR  because_CS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  pressure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  bricks_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  materials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  skilled_JJ  labour_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  finishing_NN  trades_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  for_IO  corporations_NNS  to_TO  achieve_VV0  their_APP$  full_JJ  programme_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  believed_VBN  that_CS  about_RR  60_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  employees_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  firms_NNS  transferring_VBG  their_APP$  business_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  moved_VVD  with_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  were_VBDR  thus_RR  eligible_JJ  to_TO  rent_VV0  a_AT1  corporation_NN  house_NN  .  
  additional_JJ  workers_NNS  are_VBR  recruited_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  selection_NN  scheme_NN  by_IO  arrangement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  this_DD1  scheme_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  vacancies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  filled_VBN  locally_RR  are_VBR  filled_VBN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  from_IO  people_NNS  on_IO  London_NP  housing_NN  lists_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS thus_RR  become_VV0  entitled_VBN  to_TO  rent_VV0  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  .  
  Londoners_NP2  not_XX  in_IO  housing_NN  need_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  whose_PNQV$  departure_NN  from_IO  London_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  assumed_VBN  to_TO  release_VV0  accommodation_NN  there_RL  ,_,  are_VBR  recruited_VBN  for_IO  jobs_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  filled_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  selection_NN  scheme_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  last_DA  resort_NN  are_VBR  people_NNS  from_IO  outside_IO  London_NP  allotted_VBN  new_JJ  town_NN  houses_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS  let_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  corporations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  new_JJ  towns_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  to_IO  Londoners_NP2  ,_,  about_RR  half_DB  of_IO  whom_WPO  are_VBR  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  on_IO  local_JJ  authority_NN  housing_NN  lists_NNS  .  
  tables_NNS  C_ZZ1  ,_,  D_ZZ1  and_CC  E_ZZ1  of_IO  appendix_NN  16_MC  give_VV0  details_NNS  of_IO  factories_NNS  ,_,  shops_NNS  and_CC  offices_NNS  completed_VBN  and_CC  under_IO  construction_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  apart_IO  from_II  those_DD2  in_IO  (_(  e_ZZ1  )_)  above_II  ,_,  acceptance_NN  of_IO  post-release_JB  assistance_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  groups_NNS  is_VBZ  entirely_RR  voluntary_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  to_IO  prison_NN  or_CC  have_VH0  any_DD  other_DA  sanction_NN  applied_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  subsequent_JJ  refusal_NN  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  officers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  supervision_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  laid_VBN  down_RP  .  
  we_PPIS2  understand_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  detention_NN  centre_NN  inmates_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  list_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  considered_VBN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  discharged_JJ  prisoners'_NN2  aid_NN  societies_NNS  .  
  19_MC  .  
  any_DD  discharged_JJ  prisoner_NN  may_VM  apply_VV0  (_(  without_IO  being_VBG  required_VBN  to_TO  observe_VV0  any_DD  statutory_JJ  or_CC  other_DA  conditions_NNS  )_)  for_IO  post-release_JB  assistance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  discharged_JJ  prisoners'_NN2  aid_NN  societies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  most_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  they_PPHS2  help_VV0  are_VBR  persons_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  under_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  after_JB  care_NN  council_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  societies_NNS  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  under_IO  section_NN  18_MC  (_(  4_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  prisons_NNS  (_(  Scotland_NP  )_)  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  and_CC  formed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ,_,    for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  employment_NN  for_IO  discharged_JJ  prisoners_NNS  and_CC  enabling_VBG  them_PPHO1  by_IO  loans_NNS  and_CC  grants_NNS  of_IO  money_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  by_IO  honest_JJ  labour_NN    .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  eight_MC  such_DA  societies_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  all_DB  but_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  carry_VV0  out_RP  their_APP$  after-care_NN  functions_NNS  through_IO  part-time_JB  agents_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  receive_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  grants_NNS  equal_JJ  to_IO  half_DB  their_APP$  approved_JJ  expenditure_NN  ;_;  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  income_NN  they_PPHS2  depend_VV0  on_IO  voluntary_JJ  contributions_NNS  and_CC  interest_NN  from_IO  investments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  societies_NNS  have_VH0  formed_VBN  a_AT1  national_JJ  organisation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  discharged_JJ  prisoners'_NN2  aid_NN  societies_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  co-ordinating_JJ  body_NN  concerned_VBN  primarily_RR  with_IO  policy_NN  and_CC  national_JJ  appeals_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  societies_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  modern_JJ  scheme_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  second_MD  report_NN  .  
  existing_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  for_IO  after-care_NN  .  
  20_MC  .  
  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  to_TO  protect_VV0  society_NN  by_IO  helping_VBG  the_AT1  offender_NN  to_TO  re-establish_VV0  himself_PPX1  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  fall_VV0  into_IO  crime_NN  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  difficult_JJ  to_TO  trace_VV0  any_DD  guiding_JJ  principle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  as_CS  described_VBN  in_IO  paragraphs_NNS  17-18_MC-MC  above_II  by_IO  which_DDQ  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  compulsorily_RR  ,_,  or_CC  made_VBN  available_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  voluntary_JJ  basis_NN  to_IO  certain_JJ  categories_NNS  of_IO  prisoner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  would_VM  rather_RR  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  grown_VBN  up_RP  piecemeal_RR  .  
  the_AT1  periods_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  prisoners_NNS  receive_VV0  after-care_NN  also_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  effectively_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  objects_NNS  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  view_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  taken_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  released_VBN  on_IO  licence_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  sentence_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  subject_JJ  to_IO  supervision_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  sentence_NN  expires_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  odd_JJ  result_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  more_DA  remission_NN  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  loses_VBZ  by_IO  misconduct_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  shorter_JJ  his_APP$  period_NN  on_IO  licence_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  cases_NNS  where_CS rehabilitation_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  particularly_RR  difficult_JJ  the_AT1  time_NN  available_JJ  for_IO  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  cut_VBN  down_RP  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  such_DA  special_JJ  cases_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  arithmetically_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  sentence_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  much_DA  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  individual_JJ  needs_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  after-care_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  ensuring_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  adequate_JJ  opportunity_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  welfare_NN  staff_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  stand_VV0  again_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  two_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  seldom_RR  that_CS  permanent_JJ  good_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  under_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  assistance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  withdrawn_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  discharged_JJ  person_NN  after_IO  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  weeks_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  all_RR  too_RG  often_RR  mean_VV0  a_AT1  sorry_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  .  
  21_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  therefore_RR  satisfied_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  statutory_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  must_VM  normally_RR  be_VB0  one_MC1  entirely_RR  independent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  prisoner's_NN1$  period_NN  of_IO  remission_NN  as_CS  determined_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  length_NN  of_IO  sentence_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  conduct_NN  in_IO  prison_NN    good_JJ  conduct_NN  while_CS  in_IO  custody_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  remove_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  supervision_NN  after_IO  release_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  in_IO  our_APP$  view_NN  be_VB0  fixed_VBN  solely_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  effectiveness_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  in_IO  view_NN  .  
  compulsory_JJ  or_CC  voluntary_JJ  after-care_NN  .  
  22_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  contradiction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO    compulsory_JJ  after-care_NN    .  
  no_AT1  man_NN  can_VM  really_RR  be_VB0  helped_VBN  against_IO  his_APP$  will_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  who_PNQS resented_VVD  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  attached_VBN  to_IO  after-care_NN  could_VM  effectively_RR  enough_RGA  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  motions_NNS  of_IO  co-operation_NN  without_IO  deriving_VBG  any_DD  benefit_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  where_CS after-care_NN  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  voluntarily_RR  accepted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  success_NN  are_VBR  significantly_RR  enhanced_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  satisfied_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  prisoner_NN  most_RBT  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  would_VM  always_RR  willingly_RR  ask_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  motivated_VBN  by_IO  misplaced_JJ  pride_NN  ,_,  by_IO  reluctance_NN  to_TO  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  currying_VBG  favour_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  authorities_NNS    ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  inability_NN  to_TO  realise_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  plight_NN  .  
  even_RR  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS might_VM  while_CS  in_IO  prison_NN  opt_VV0  for_IO  voluntary_JJ  after-care_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  assured_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  on_IO  release_NN  find_VV0  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  supervision_NN  conditions_NNS  irksome_JJ  and_CC  would_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  involve_VV0  great_JJ  wastage_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  effort_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  already_RR  burdened_JJ  after-care_NN  personnel_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  conclude_VV0  that_CS  any_DD  effective_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  must_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  statutory_JJ  obligation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  or_CC  inmate_NN  to_TO  accept_VV0  help_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  satisfied_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  fully_RR  explained_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  or_CC  institution_NN  before_IO  his_APP$  release_NN  .  
  23_MC  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  consider_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  after_JB  care_NN  council_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  confined_VBN  to_IO  assisting_VBG  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  statutorily_RR  placed_VBN  under_IO  its_APP$  supervision_NN  .  
  ideally_RR  ,_,  all_DB  discharged_JJ  prisoners_NNS  and_CC  inmates_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  supervision_NN  and_CC  help_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  manifestly_RR  impossible_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  compulsory_JJ  after-care_NN  must_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  put_VBN  on_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  selective_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  over_IO  and_CC  above_IO  the_AT1  after-care_NN  of_IO  persons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  selected_JJ  categories_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  scope_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  to_TO  assist_VV0  other_DA  discharged_JJ  prisoners_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  special_JJ  need_NN  of_IO  help_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  willing_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  discipline_NN  that_PNQS any_DD  form_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  must_VM  involve_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  recognise_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  danger_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  after-care_NN  service_NN  being_VBG  strained_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  excessive_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO    voluntary_JJ    work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  some_DD  method_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  to_TO  control_VV0  it_PPH1  might_VM  become_VV0  necessary_JJ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  we_PPIS2  recommend_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  after_JB  care_NN  council_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  explicit_JJ  power_NN  and_CC  accept_VV0  supervision_NN  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  categories_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  propose_VV0  later_RRR  in_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  .  
  selection_NN  for_IO  after-care_NN  .  
  24_MC  .  
  since_CS  compulsory_JJ  after-care_NN  for_IO  every_AT1  person_NN  released_VBN  from_IO  custody_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  feasible_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  necessary_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  scheme_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  must_VM  operate_VV0  .  
  some_DD  recommendations_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  advisory_JJ  council's_NN1$  reports_NNS  on_IO  custodial_JJ  sentences_NNS  for_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  (_(  published_VBN  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  and_CC  on_IO  short_JJ  sentences_NNS  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  (_(  published_VBN  in_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  proposals_NNS  on_IO  these_DD2  recommendations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  summary_NN  of_IO  recommendations_NNS  in_IO  paragraph_NN  53_MC  below_II  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  method_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  .  
  25_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  considered_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  selection_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  concluded_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  most_RG  satisfactory_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  compulsory_JJ  after-care_NN  to_IO  categories_NNS  of_IO  inmates_NNS  and_CC  prisoners_NNS  clearly_RR  specified_VBN  in_IO  statute_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  refer_VV0  below_II  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  possibilities_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  discussed_VBN  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  selection_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  arguable_JJ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  compulsory_JJ  after-care_NN  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sentence_NN  imposed_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  court_NN  should_VM  select_VV0  the_AT1  offenders_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  benefit_VV0  from_IO  after-care_NN  ,_,  and_CC  include_VV0  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sentence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  doubt_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  except_CS  perhaps_RR  where_CS the_AT1  sentence_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  could_VM  actually_RR  assess_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  imposing_VBG  it_PPH1  what_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  offender's_NN1$  needs_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  came_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  leave_VV0  prison_NN  .  
  the_AT1  court_NN  might_VM  ,_,  possibly_RR  ,_,  impose_VV0  after-care_NN  by_IO  categories_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  would_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  doing_VBG  what_DDQ  could_VM  more_RG  effectively_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  act_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  selection_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  courts_NNS  of_IO  individual_JJ  cases_NNS  would_VM  ,_,  we_PPIS2  fear_VV0  ,_,  result_VV0  in_IO  much_DA  resentment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  chosen_VBN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  few_DA  would_VM  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  court's_NN1$  reason_NN  for_IO  choosing_VBG  them_PPHO1  rather_RR  than_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  would_VM  regard_VV0  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  after-care_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sentence_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  frame_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  to_TO  start_VV0  the_AT1  training_NN  which_DDQ  now_RL  begins_VBZ  on_IO  admission_NN  to_IO  prison_NN  .  
  successful_JJ  prison_NN  training_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  favourable_JJ  factor_NN  for_IO  resettlement_NN  after_IO  release_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  started_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  resentment_NN  his_APP$  co-operation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   better_JJ  that_CS  after-care_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  attached_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  to_IO  certain_JJ  custodial_JJ  sentences_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  appearance_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  offenders_NNS    of_IO  being_VBG  an_AT1  additional_JJ  element_NN  that_PNQS courts_NNS  may_VM  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  sentence_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  discretion_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  selection_NN  by_IO  prison_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  a_AT1  prison_NN  board_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  secretary_NN  of_IO  state_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  of_IO  a_AT1  prison_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  senior_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  welfare_NN  officer_NN  ,_,  could_VM  theoretically_RR  choose_VV0  deserving_JJ  cases_NNS  for_IO  after-care_NN  ,_,  or_CC  make_VV0  recommendations_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  board_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  visiting_JJ  committee_NN  .  
  as_CS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  conduct_NN  and_CC  progress_NN  while_CS  in_IO  prison_NN  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  choose_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS simply_RR  avoided_VVD  getting_VBG  into_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  ,_,  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  ,_,  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  create_VV0  discontent_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  prisoners_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  board_NN  acting_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$  advice_NN  ,_,  choose_VV0  certain_JJ  men_NNS  as_IO  apparently_RR  better_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  worse_JJ  ,_,  post-release_JB  risks_NNS  than_IO  others_DA2  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  discouraging_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  who_PNQS might_VM  have_VH0  welcomed_VBN  after-care_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  chosen_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  conversely_RR  ,_,  would_VM  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  supervision_NN  to_TO  behave_VV0  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  selected_VBN  or_CC  recommended_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  staff_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  inclined_VBN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  invidiousness_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  by_IO  recommending_VBG  almost_RR  every_AT1  prisoner_NN  ,_,  or_CC  none_PN1  .  
  placing_VBG  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  decision_NN  for_IO  selection_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  might_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  onus_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN  or_CC  prison_NN  board_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  reports_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  and_CC  welfare_NN  staffs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  prisoners_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  undesirable_JJ  consequences_NNS  of_IO  selection_NN  would_VM  still_RR  remain_VV0  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  opting_NN  by_IO  prisoners_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  earlier_JJ  release_NN  .  
  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  who_PNQS voluntarily_RR  accepted_VVD  after-care_NN  might_VM  thereby_RR  qualify_VV0  for_IO  earlier_JJ  release_NN  ,_,  through_IO  ,_,  possibly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  higher_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  remission_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  not_XX  unattractive_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  assured_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  every_AT1  prisoner_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  too_RG  willing_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  show_NN  of_IO  accepting_JJ  after-care_NN  if_CS  earlier_JJ  release_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  consequence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proposal_NN  would_VM  inevitably_RR  involve_VV0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  attendant_JJ  evils_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  staff_NN  ,_,  should_VM  have_VH0  in_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  what_DDQ  would_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  confer_VV0  earlier_JJ  release_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  some_DD  risk_NN  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS opted_VVD  would_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  as_CS  seeking_VBG  the_AT1  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  might_VM  opt_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  expectation_NN  of_IO  more_RG  considerate_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  by_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  better_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  jobs_NNS  in_IO  prison_NN  .  
  opting_VBG  for_IO  after-care_NN  with_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  reward_NN  attached_VBN  must_VM  in_IO  our_APP$  opinion_NN  be_VB0  ruled_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  26_MC  .  
  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  methods_NNS  of_IO  selection_NN  involves_VBZ  consequences_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  are_VBR  unacceptable_JJ  .  
  other_DA  strong_JJ  objections_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  methods_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  uncertainty_NN  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  selected_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  the_AT1  best_JJT  time_NN  for_IO  selection_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  undesirable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  serve_VV0  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  better_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  sentence_NN  not_XX  knowing_VBG  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  get_VV0  after-care_NN  help_NN  on_IO  release_NN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  welfare_NN  staff_NN  should_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  in_IO  good_JJ  time_NN  the_AT1  prisoners_NNS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  if_CS  conduct_NN  in_IO  prison_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  deciding_JJ  consideration_NN  selection_NN  would_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  release_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  after-care_NN  he_PPHO1  should_VM  know_VV0  it_PPH1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  starts_VBZ  his_APP$  sentence_NN  .  
  27_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  conclude_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  method_NN  of_IO  avoiding_VBG  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  individual_JJ  selection_NN  and_CC  of_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_CS  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  any_DD  doubt_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  stands_VBZ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  specify_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  statute_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  categories_NNS  of_IO  prisoners_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  .  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  pleased_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  place_VV0  our_APP$  records_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  disposal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cambridge_NP  institute_NN  of_IO  criminology_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  some_DD  aspects_NNS  of_IO  preventive_JJ  detention_NN  .  
  38_MC  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  favourable_JJ  note_NN  we_PPIS2  quote_VV0  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  combined_JJ  area_NN  probation_NN  committees_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  annual_JJ  report_NN  states_VBZ  that_CS  83_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  its_APP$  prison_NN  after-care_NN  cases_NNS  completed_VVD  their_APP$  supervision_NN  satisfactorily_RR  compared_VBN  with_IO  72_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ex-borstal_JB  and_CC  47_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ex-approved_JB  school_NN  cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ex-prisoners_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  largest_JJT  group_NN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  185_MC  persons_NNS  from_IO  all_DB  three_MC  sources_NNS  .  
  39_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  never_RR  easy_JJ  to_TO  forecast_VV0  how_CS any_DD  man_NN  will_VM  respond_VV0  to_IO  after-care_NN  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  dubious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  prospects_NNS  for_IO  \0W_NP  .  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  39_MC  with_IO  a_AT1  criminal_JJ  history_NN  stretching_VBG  back_RP  25_MC  years_NNS  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  eleventh_MD  appearance_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  8_MC  years'_NN2  preventive_JJ  detention_NN  .  
  in_IO  prison_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  described_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  unhappy_JJ  creature_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  started_VBN  life_NN  badly_RR    an_AT1  unreliable_JJ  and_CC  untrustworthy_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  steadily_RR  deteriorated_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  until_CS  he_PPHO1  possessed_VVD  neither_LE  the_AT1  inclination_NN  nor_CC  determination_NN  to_TO  mend_VV0  his_APP$  ways_NNS  .  
  \0W_NP  .  was_VBDZ  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  associates_NNS  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  regularly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  \0W_NP  .  became_VVD  aware_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  problems_NNS  and_CC  limitations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  associate's_NN1$  skilled_JJ  care_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  made_VBN  aware_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  potential_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  amazement_NN  he_PPHO1  remained_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  job_NN  throughout_IO  his_APP$  supervision_NN  and_CC  proved_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  crime_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  retained_VBN  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  associate_NN  although_CS  his_APP$  statutory_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  supervision_NN  has_VHZ  long_RR  since_II  ended_VBN  .  
  40_MC  .  
  our_APP$  case_NN  histories_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  all_DB  so_RG  successful_JJ  .  
  \0J_NP  .  was_VBDZ  also_RR  released_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  years'_NN2  preventive_JJ  detention_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  instance_NN  business_NN  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  offered_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  work_NN  and_CC  lodgings_NNS  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  fare_NN  and_CC  subsistence_NN  on_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  prison_NN  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  immediate_JJ  aid_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  assistance_NN  board_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  week's_NN1$  wages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  working_NN  clothes_NNS  through_IO  our_APP$  associate_NN  .  
  his_APP$  new_JJ  employer_NN  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  furnished_JJ  flat_NN  and_CC  being_VBG  connected_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  football_NN  club_NN  provided_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  season_NN  ticket_NN  .  
  within_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  \0J_NP  .  was_VBDZ  before_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  again_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  stolen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  and_CC  pawned_VBN  the_AT1  articles_NNS  following_IO  on_IO  a_AT1  week-end_NN  drinking_NN  bout_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  now_RL  back_RP  in_IO  prison_NN  after_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  try_VV0  again_RR  .  
  41_MC  .  
  life_NN  imprisonment_NN  .    
  the_AT1  division_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  supervision_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  life_NN  imprisonment_NN  and_CC  subsequently_RR  released_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  on_IO  conditional_JJ  licence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  under_IO  statutory_JJ  supervision_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  end_NN  was_VBDZ  20_MC  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  two_MC  persons_NNS  under_IO  voluntary_JJ  supervision_NN  .  
  while_CS  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  men_NNS  will_VM  always_RR  need_VV0  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association's_NN1$  staff_NN  and_CC  associates_NNS  to_TO  order_VV0  their_APP$  lives_NNS  ,_,  others_DA2  have_VH0  now_RL  reached_VBN  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  maturity_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  enabled_VBN  them_PPHO1  to_TO  integrate_VV0  themselves_PPX2  happily_RR  and_CC  successfully_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  42_MC  .  
  home_NN1  leave_NN  .    
  in_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  prisoners_NNS  granted_VBN  home_NN1  leave_NN  for_IO  employment_NN  and_CC  re-acclimatisation_NN  purposes_NNS  and_CC  who_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  division's_NN1$  responsibility_NN  on_IO  discharge_NN  ,_,  reached_VVD  a_AT1  record_NN  total_NN  of_IO  579_MC  against_IO  489_MC  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  .  
  home_NN1  leave_NN  involves_VBZ  a_AT1  preliminary_JJ  enquiry_NN  being_VBG  made_VBN  at_IO  each_DD1  home_NN1  (_(  often_RR  incurring_VBG  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  visit_NN  )_)  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  once_RR  interview_NN  with_IO  each_DD1  prisoner_NN  whilst_CS  on_IO  leave_NN  .  
  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  \0N.A.D.P.A.S_NP  prison_NN  welfare_NN  Officer_NNSB1  complement_NN  is_VBZ  providing_VBG  an_AT1  accumulating_JJ  load_NN  of_IO  home_NN1  enquiries_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  kinds_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  health_NN  ,_,  marital_JJ  and_CC  property_NN  problems_NNS  .  
  unpredicted_JJ  home_NN1  enquiries_NNS  bear_VV0  particularly_RR  heavily_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  welfare_NN  staff_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  area_NN  since_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  planned_VBN  beforehand_RR  yet_CF  must_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  quickly_RR  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  .  
  few_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  homes_NN2  are_VBR  on_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  ,_,  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  wives_NNS  or_CC  parents_NNS  are_VBR  working_VBG  and_CC  a_AT1  long_JJ  journey_NN  by_IO  public_JJ  transport_NN  is_VBZ  wasted_VBN  if_CS  our_APP$  caller_NN  can_VM  obtain_VV0  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  43_MC  .  
  discharged_VBN  under_IO  section_NN  29_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  .    
  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  police_NNS  function_VV0  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  regularly_RR  deplored_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  occasion_NN  to_TO  report_VV0  .  
  3,497_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  discharged_VBN  during_IO  1960_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  obligation_NN  to_TO  report_VV0  their_APP$  addresses_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  3,387_MC  discharged_VBN  during_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  position_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  was_VBDZ  that_CS  1,101_MC  (_(  32.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  had_VHD  been_VBN  reconvicted_VBN  and_CC  526_MC  (_(  15.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  required_VVD  to_TO  report_VV0  directly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  44_MC  .  
  accommodation_NN  .    
  whilst_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  work_NN  has_VHZ  only_RR  been_VBN  serious_JJ  in_IO  pockets_NNS  of_IO  unemployment_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  finding_VBG  suitable_JJ  accommodation_NN  continues_VBZ  difficult_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_DA  alternative_JJ  occupations_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  available_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  fewer_DA  the_AT1  women_NNS  who_PNQS take_VV0  in_RP  lodgers_NNS  .  
  after-care_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  criticised_VBN  for_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  rooms_NNS  ready_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  ex-prisoner_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  experience_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  plan_NN  almost_RR  automatically_RR  publicises_VBZ  a_AT1  client's_NN1$  previous_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  alternative_NN  of_IO  putting_VBG  a_AT1  man_NN  into_IO  hostel_NN  accommodation_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  night_NN  while_CS  providing_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  sufficient_JJ  funds_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  lodging_NN  is_VBZ  ultimately_RR  a_AT1  more_RG  effective_JJ  arrangement_NN  .  
  45_MC  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  connection_NN  we_PPIS2  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  such_DA  organisations_NNS  as_IO  Norman_NP  House_NNL1  and_CC  Langley_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  both_DB2  now_RL  firmly_RR  established_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  role_NN  of_IO  providing_VBG  a_AT1  special_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  residential_JJ  support_NN  and_CC  friendships_NNS  for_IO  homeless_JJ  ex-prisoners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  close_JJ  and_CC  mutually_RR  advantageous_JJ  relations_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  established_VBN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  official_JJ  bodies_NNS  augur_VV0  well_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  future_JB  development_NN  of_IO  such_DA  ventures_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  understand_VV0  are_VBR  being_VBG  planned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  provinces_NNS  .  
  46_MC  .  
  the_AT1  year_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  marked_VBN  by_IO  increasing_JJ  co-operation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  division_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  assistance_NN  board_NN  and_CC  of_IO  more_RG  sympathetic_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ex-prisoners_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  levels_NNS  .  
  groups_NNS  of_IO  national_JJ  assistance_NN  board_NN  Officers_NNSB2  have_VH0  been_VBN  addressed_VBN  on_IO  these_DD2  problems_NNS  and_CC  resulting_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  mutual_JJ  review_NN  of_IO  procedure_NN  ,_,  discharged_JJ  prisoners_NNS  have_VH0  since_IO  1st_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  directly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  board's_NN1$  office_NN  before_IO  registering_VBG  for_IO  unemployment_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  particularly_RR  beneficial_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  homeless_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  immediate_JJ  need_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  lodgings_NNS  .  
  47_MC  .  
  relationships_NNS  with_IO  our_APP$  colleagues_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  discharged_JJ  prisoners'_NN2  aid_NN  societies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  assistance_NN  board_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  continue_VV0  close_JJ  and_CC  productive_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  bodies_NNS  are_VBR  selected_VBN  for_IO  mention_NN  solely_RR  because_CS  their_APP$  functions_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  closely_RR  integrated_VBN  with_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  the_AT1  achievement_NN  of_IO  close_JJ  personal_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  probation_NN  service_NN  associates_NNS  was_VBDZ  cemented_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Director_NNSB1  to_TO  address_VV0  the_AT1  annual_JJ  conference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  probation_NN  Officers_NNSB2  .  
  particular_JJ  effort_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  to_TO  invite_VV0  the_AT1  co-operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  citizens_NNS  advice_NN  bureau_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  women's_NN2  voluntary_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  work_NN  .  
  to_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS have_VH0  shown_VBN  their_APP$  practical_JJ  sympathy_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  task_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  offer_VV0  our_APP$  grateful_JJ  thanks_NNS  .  
  chapter_NN  five_MC  .  
  treatment_NN  of_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  general_JJ  .    
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  implement_VV0  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  justice_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  extension_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  borstals_NNS  and_CC  detention_NN  centres_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  three_MC  secure_JJ  borstals_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  provided_VBN  at_IO  Swinfen_NP  ,_,  \0Staffs_NP  ,_,  Wellingborough_NP  ,_,  \0Northants_NP  ,_,  and_CC  additional_JJ  open_JJ  borstals_NNS  at_IO  Finnamore_NP  Wood_NNL1  Camp_NNL1  ,_,  \0Bucks_NP  (_(  now_RL  partially_RR  occupied_VBN  )_)  and_CC  Shaftesbury_NP  ,_,  Dorset_NP  .  
  the_AT1  open_JJ  borstal_NN  at_IO  Huntercombe_NP  is_VBZ  being_VBG  adapted_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  medium_JB  security_NN  borstal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  adaption_NN  of_IO  Aylesbury_NP  prison_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  establishment_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  has_VHZ  made_VBN  further_JB  progress_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  three_MC  senior_JJ  detention_NN  centres_NNS  were_VBDR  opened_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  months_NNS  of_IO  1961_MC  at_IO  New_NP  Hall_NNL1  Camp_NNL1  ,_,  \0Yorks_NP  ,_,  Medomsley_NP  ,_,  County_NNL1  Durham_NP  and_CC  Aylesbury_NP  ,_,  \0Bucks_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  four_MC  more_DA  centres_NNS  ready_JJ  by_IO  early_JJ  1962_MC  at_IO  Erlestoke_NP  ,_,  \0Wilts_NP  ,_,  Aldington_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  East_NP  Clandon_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  and_CC  Haslar_NP  ,_,  \0Hants_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  centre_NN  at_IO  Kirklevington_NP  ,_,  \0Yorks_NP  ,_,  during_IO  1963_MC  .  
  the_AT1  semi-secure_JJ  borstal_NN  at_IO  Buckley_NP  ,_,  \0Lancs_NP  will_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  detention_NN  centre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1961_MC  .  
  4_MC  .  
  population_NN  .    
  committals_NNS  to_IO  borstal_NN  increased_VVD  from_IO  3,062_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  to_IO  3,476_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  daily_JJ  average_JJ  population_NN  in_IO  borstals_NNS  from_IO  4,034_MC  to_IO  4,115_MC  .  
  5_MC  .  
  reception_NN  centres_NNS  were_VBDR  under_IO  constant_JJ  pressure_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  centre_NN  dealt_VVD  with_IO  2,028_MC  cases_NNS  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  double_JJ  the_AT1  number_NN  handled_VBN  three_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  the_AT1  modified_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  allocation_NN  procedure_NN  reported_VBN  last_DA  year_NN  and_CC  some_DD  staff_NN  additions_NNS  enabled_VVD  the_AT1  centres_NNS  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  borstals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  psychological_JJ  and_CC  psychiatric_JJ  coverage_NN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  receptions_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  assessed_VBN  in_IO  three_MC  ways_NNS  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offences_NNS  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  borstal_NN  sentence_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  educational_JJ  and_CC  intellectual_JJ  criteria_NNS  ;_;  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  Mannheim-Wilkins_NP  prediction_NN  groups_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  new_JJ  trend_NN  was_VBDZ  observed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  offence_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  continued_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  those_DD2  of_IO  breaking_NN  and_CC  entering_NN  and_CC  stealing_NN  .  
  offences_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  ,_,  including_IO  sexual_JJ  offences_NNS  ,_,  remained_VVD  at_IO  about_RR  12_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  offences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  and_CC  educational_JJ  attainment_NN  also_RR  remained_VVD  virtually_RR  unchanged_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  further_JB  deterioration_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Mannheim-Wilkins_NP  prediction_NN  ratings_NNS  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  adverse_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  training_NN  results_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  66.4_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  receptions_NNS  fell_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  C_ZZ1  and_CC  D_ZZ1  categories_NNS  ,_,  those_DD2  with_IO  the_AT1  poorest_JJT  prospects_NNS  of_IO  success_NN  .  
  this_DD1  compares_VBZ  with_IO  56.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1957_MC  and_CC  25.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1946_MC  (_(  when_CS the_AT1  original_JJ  research_NN  was_VBDZ  undertaken_VBN  )_)  whilst_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  9.9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  categories_NNS  (_(  with_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  proportion_NN  of_IO  success_NN  )_)  compares_VBZ  with_IO  10.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1957_MC  and_CC  32.7_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  1946_MC  .  
  this_DD1  deterioration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  material_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  success_NN  rate_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  under_RR  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  imprisonment_NN  increased_VVD  from_IO  2,498_MC  in_IO  1959_MC  to_IO  3,099_MC  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  committals_NNS  to_IO  detention_NN  centres_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  limited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  centres_NNS  )_)  showed_VVD  a_AT1  slight_JJ  drop_NN  from_IO  1,356_MC  to_IO  1,295_MC  .  
  borstal_NN  training_NN  .  
  8_MC  .  
  general_JJ  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  full_JJ  year_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Northallerton_NP  functioned_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  preliminary_JJ  training_NN  borstal_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1961_MC  it_PPH1  became_VVD  a_AT1  full_JJ  training_NN  borstal_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  to_TO  discontinue_VV0  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  sending_VBG  boys_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS might_VM  later_RRR  be_VB0  suitable_JJ  for_IO    open_JJ    training_NN  ,_,  to_IO  Northallerton_NP  for_IO  some_DD  months_NNS  before_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  decision_NN  as_IO  to_II  their_APP$  final_JJ  training_NN  borstal_NN  .  
  some_DD  borstals_NNS  felt_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  getting_VBG  boys_NNS  from_IO  Northallerton_NP  too_RG  late_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  training_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  period_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  lad_NN  settled_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  became_VVD  known_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  tended_VVD  to_TO  extend_VV0  his_APP$  training_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  spent_VBN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  originally_RR  allocated_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  final_JJ  borstal_NN  .  
  this_DD1  appeared_VVD  unfair_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  affected_VVD  his_APP$  whole_JJ  outlook_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Northallerton_NP  staff_NN  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  their_APP$  preliminary_JJ  training_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  period_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  wait_VV0  until_CS  a_AT1  lad_NN  had_VHD  attained_VBN  senior_JJ  training_NN  grade_NN  before_IO  sending_VBG  him_PPHO1  away_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  so_RG  certain_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  findings_NNS  and_CC  tended_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  more_DA  boys_NNS  to_IO  closed_JJ  conditions_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  safety_NN  precaution_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  overcome_VBN  had_VHD  it_PPH1  not_XX  been_VBN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  training_NN  places_NNS  at_IO  Northallerton_NP  for_IO  boys_NNS  who_PNQS needed_VVD  the_AT1  restriction_NN  imposed_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  experiment_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  when_CS conditions_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  favourable_JJ  ;_;  Northallerton_NP  has_VHZ  done_VBN  valuable_JJ  and_CC  effective_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  transferring_VBG  some_DD  340_MC  lads_NNS  to_IO  open_JJ  conditions_NNS  after_IO  having_VHG  settled_VBN  them_PPHO1  down_RP  to_IO  borstal_NN  and_CC  dissipated_VBN  the_AT1  urge_NN  to_TO  run_VV0  away_RP  that_PNQS causes_VBZ  an_AT1  upset_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  months_NNS  .  
  9_MC  .  
  training_NN  .    
  the_AT1  average_JJ  length_NN  of_IO  training_NN  was_VBDZ  16.1_MC  months_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  ranged_VVD  from_IO  9.2_MC  to_IO  36_MC  months_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  time_NN  at_IO  Reading_NP  was_VBDZ  27.7_MC  months_NNS  for_IO  those_DD2  boys_NNS  ultimately_RR  released_VBN  from_IO  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  programme_NN  given_VBN  in_IO  previous_JJ  reports_NNS  has_VHZ  not_XX  greatly_RR  altered_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  concentrated_JJ  effort_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  prepare_VV0  a_AT1  lad_NN  for_IO  release_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shorter_JJ  training_NN  period_NN  introduced_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  two_MC  years_NNS  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  the_AT1  intensity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  one_MC1  governor_NN  reports_VBZ  that_CS  at_IO  his_APP$  borstal_NN  almost_RR  twice_RR  as_RG  many_DA  boys_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  dealt_VBN  with_IO  as_CS  in_IO  earlier_JJ  years_NNS  .  the_AT1  directors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  associations_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  own_DA  personal_JJ  contacts_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  laboratories_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  defence_NN  considerations_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  economy_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  strive_VV0  to_TO  increase_VV0  our_APP$  home_NN1  production_NN  of_IO  food_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  livestock_NN  population_NN  and_CC  yield_NN  of_IO  crops_NNS  per_IO  acre_NN  .  
  superimposed_VBN  on_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  improving_JJ  economic_JJ  status_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  intrinsic_JJ  acceptability_NN  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  particularly_RR  on_IO  its_APP$  presentation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  retail_NN  shops_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  brief_JJ  introduction_NN  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  food_NN  research_NN  should_VM  embrace_VV0  the_AT1  following_JJ  broad_JJ  fields_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  methods_NNS  of_IO  increasing_VBG  production_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  preservation_NN  (_(  transport_NN  ,_,  storage_NN  and_CC  distribution_NN  )_)  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  processing_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  acceptability_NN  or_CC  intrinsic_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  including_IO  freedom_NN  from_IO  abnormal_JJ  flavour_NN  or_CC  taint_NN  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  nutrition_NN  and_CC  hygiene_NN  .  
  (_(  6_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  possible_JJ  toxicological_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  substances_NNS  added_VBN  to_IO  food_NN  during_IO  growth_NN  ,_,  transport_NN  and_CC  processing_NN  .  
  (_(  7_MC  )_)  .  
  presentation_NN  .  
  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  a_AT1  vast_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  research_NN  and_CC  investigation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  overall_JB  pattern_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  where_CS food_NN  research_NN  begins_VBZ  ;_;  it_PPH1  involves_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  disciplines_NNS    physics_NN  ,_,  chemistry_NN  ,_,  mathematics_NN  ,_,  engineering_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  ultimately_RR  wedded_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  divisions_NNS  of_IO  biology_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  supplying_VBG  graduate_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  universities_NNS  must_VM  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  set_VV0  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  food_NN  research_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  must_VM  also_RR  supply_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  knowledge_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  advances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  of_IO  food_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  with_IO  departments_NNS  of_IO  agriculture_NN  and_CC  horticulture_NN  are_VBR  of_RR  course_RR  carrying_VBG  out_RP  continuous_JJ  research_NN  directly_RR  on_IO  food_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  applies_VBZ  also_RR  to_IO  many_DA  biochemical_JJ  departments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  concern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  enough_RGA  since_CS  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  inexpensive_JJ  food_NN  of_IO  satisfactory_JJ  nutritional_JJ  quality_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  for_IO  our_APP$  survival_NN  and_CC  for_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  prosperity_NN  .  
  thus_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  23_MC  research_NN  institutes_NNS  or_CC  units_NNS  wholly_RR  financed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  fisheries_NNS  and_CC  food_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  food_NN  science_NN  and_CC  atomic_JJ  energy_NN  division_NN  .  
  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  programmes_NNS  of_IO  22_MC  other_DA  institutes_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  financed_VBN  wholly_RR  or_CC  in_IO  part_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  institutes_NNS  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  special_JJ  grants_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  made_VBN  to_IO  universities_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  organisations_NNS  for_IO  research_NN  on_IO  subjects_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  annual_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  research_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  now_RL  exceeds_VBZ  *+5_NNU  million_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0A.R.C_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  animals_NNS  and_CC  crops_NNS    their_APP$  production_NN  and_CC  nutrition_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  disease_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  exception_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hannah_NP  dairy_NN  research_NN  institute_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  25_MC  years_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  keeping_NN  quality_NN  of_IO  dried_JJ  milk_NN  .  
  more_RG  recently_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  in_IO  accepting_VBG  responsibility_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  research_NN  station_NN  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Ditton_NP  laboratory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  pest_NN  infestation_NN  laboratory_NN  ,_,  Slough_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  moved_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1    farm_NN  gate_NN    and_CC  has_VHZ  thus_RR  extended_VBN  its_APP$  interest_NN  in_IO  food_NN  to_TO  include_VV0  storage_NN  and_CC  preservation_NN  .  
  to_TO  quote_VV0  from_IO  its_APP$  last_DA  annual_JJ  report_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  importance_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  previously_RR  stressed_VBN  of_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  production_NN  ,_,  handling_NN  ,_,  storage_NN  ,_,  packaging_NN  and_CC  processing_NN  of_IO  food_NN  as_IO  links_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  continuous_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  operations_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  objective_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  nation_NN  with_IO  food_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  quality_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  economic_JJ  price_NN  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  always_RR  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  integrate_VV0  research_NN  on_IO  production_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  on_IO  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  steps_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  food_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dinner_NN  table_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  equally_RR  true_JJ  whether_CS  the_AT1  production_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  farms_NNS  or_CC  those_DD2  overseas_RR  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  end_NN  the_AT1  council_NN  is_VBZ  keeping_VBG  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  research_NN  on_IO  production_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  and_CC  ,_,  where_CS possible_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  our_APP$  food_NN  comes_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  overseas_JB  research_NN  council_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  Secretary_NNSB1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  ex_&FW  officio_&FW  member_NN  ,_,  will_VM  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  ,_,  help_VV0  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  links_NNS  already_RR  existing_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  overseas_JB  producer_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  responsible_JJ  for_IO  handling_VBG  and_CC  processing_VBG  imported_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .    
  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  council_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  wider_JJ  responsibility_NN  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  fisheries_NNS  and_CC  food_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  have_VH0  recently_RR  set_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  food_NN  research_NN  advisory_JJ  committee_NN  to_TO  advise_VV0  on_IO  those_DD2  food_NN  problems_NNS  requiring_VBG  investigation_NN  or_CC  research_NN  and_CC  on_IO  their_APP$  order_NN  of_IO  priority_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  food_NN  research_NN  institutes_NNS  ,_,  mention_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  Torry_NP  research_NN  station_NN  of_IO  \0D.S.I.R_NP  and_CC  its_APP$  associated_JJ  Humber_NP  laboratory_NN  in_IO  Hull_NP  .  
  whereas_CS  these_DD2  two_MC  laboratories_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  practical_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  handling_NN  ,_,  storage_NN  and_CC  distribution_NN  of_IO  fish_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  fundamental_JJ  research_NN    for_IO  example_NN  in_IO  bacteriology_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  on_IO  fish_NN  oils_NNS  and_CC  antioxidants_NNS    is_VBZ  of_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  and_CC  value_NN  to_IO  all_DB  food_NN  research_NN  laboratories_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  nutritional_JJ  side_NN  the_AT1  medical_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  many_DA  research_NN  units_NNS  working_VBG  directly_RR  on_IO  nutrition_NN  or_CC  in_IO  related_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  advises_VBZ  the_AT1  government_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  chief_JB  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  has_VHZ  his_APP$  own_DA  standing_JJ  committee_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  problems_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  health_NN  .  
  among_IO  more_DA  than_IO  50_MC  industrial_JJ  associations_NNS  sponsored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  research_NN  are_VBR  four_MC  working_VBG  wholly_RR  on_IO  food_NN  problems_NNS  .  
  research_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  these_DD2  four_MC  bodies_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  later_RRR  ,_,  naturally_RR  has_VHZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  bias_NN  generally_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  completely_RR  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  processing_NN  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  acceptability_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  consumer_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  in_IO  addition_NN  the_AT1  research_NN  and_CC  ,_,  particularly_RR  ,_,  development_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  wholly_RR  by_IO  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  margarine_NN  and_CC  soft_JJ  drinks_NNS  industries_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  containers_NNS  for_IO  canned_JJ  foods_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  new_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  packaged_JJ  frozen_JJ  foods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  sizeable_JJ  export_NN  trade_NN  mainly_RR  in_IO  processed_JJ  foods_NNS  (_(  more_DA  than_IO  *+160_NNU  million_MC  annually_RR  )_)  from_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  so_RG  largely_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  imported_JJ  basal_JJ  foods_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  notable_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  research_NN  financed_VBN  wholly_RR  by_IO  industry_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  brewing_NN  industry_NN  research_NN  foundation_NN  at_IO  Nutfield_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  ,_,  now_RL  an_AT1  established_JJ  national_JJ  institute_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pharmaceutical_JJ  and_CC  chemical_JJ  industries_NNS  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  large-scale_JB  production_NN  of_IO  vitamins_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  substances_NNS  to_TO  counter_VV0  the_AT1  various_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  deterioration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  many_DA  substances_NNS  which_DDQ  act_VV0  as_IO  aids_NNS  to_IO  processing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  is_VBZ  an_AT1  over-simplification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  government_NN  ,_,  government-aided_JJ  and_CC  industrial_JJ  food_NN  research_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  uneven_JJ  and_CC  thin_JJ  in_IO  places_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  evidently_RR  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  deal_VV0  with_IO  food_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  or_CC  field_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  nutritional_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  the_AT1  research_NN  structure_NN  has_VHZ  of_RR  course_RR  developed_VVD  piecemeal_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  and_CC  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  any_DD  individual_JJ  institute_NN  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  exclusive_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  judging_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  spent_VBN  on_IO  research_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  production_NN    perhaps_RR  understandable_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  to_TO  import_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  food_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  some_DD  might_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  since_CS  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  food_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  man_NN  fit_JJ  and_CC  healthy_JJ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  emphasis_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  its_APP$  nutritional_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  nutritional_JJ  research_NN  has_VHZ  hitherto_RR  been_VBN  confined_VBN  almost_RR  exclusively_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  requirements_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  and_CC  adolescents_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  now_RL  moved_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  phase_NN  when_CS the_AT1  nutrition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  calls_VBZ  for_IO  more_DA  research_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  growing_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  food_NN  man_NN  eats_VBZ  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  factor_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  susceptibility_NN  to_IO  certain_JJ  diseases_NNS  .  
  except_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  people_NNS  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  eat_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  and_CC  not_XX  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  necessarily_RR  best_JJT  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  claimed_VBN  that_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  complement_NN  to_IO  research_NN  on_IO  production_NN  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  sustained_JJ  research_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  synthesis_NN  of_IO  protein_NN  ,_,  fat_NN  and_CC  carbohydrate_NN  to_TO  insure_VV0  against_IO  a_AT1  food_NN  shortage_NN  from_IO  any_DD  cause_NN  ;_;  by_IO  its_APP$  nature_NN  this_DD1  research_NN  is_VBZ  more_RRR  a_AT1  challenge_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  universities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  food_NN  research_NN  associations_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  research_NN  associations_NNS  concerned_VBN  wholly_RR  with_IO  food_NN  :_:  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  baking_NN  industries_NNS  research_NN  association_NN  .  
  the_AT1  research_NN  association_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  flour-millers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  food_NN  manufacturing_NN  industries_NNS  research_NN  association_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fruit_NN  and_CC  vegetable_NN  canning_NN  and_CC  quick_JJ  freezing_NN  research_NN  association_NN  ,_,  often_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO  the_AT1  Campden_NP  research_NN  station_NN  .  
  the_AT1  primary_JJ  interest_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  associations_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  improve_VV0  and_CC  standardize_VV0  the_AT1  manufacturing_NN  or_CC  processing_NN  methods_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  products_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  industry_NN  it_PPH1  serves_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  units_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  emphasis_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  factors_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  gate_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  product_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  raw_JJ  material_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  processing_NN  may_VM  influence_VV0  its_APP$  nutritional_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  overall_JB  food_NN  research_NN  pattern_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  research_NN  associations_NNS  (_(  coupled_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  industries_NNS  )_)  is_VBZ  complementary_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  and_CC  medical_JJ  research_NN  councils_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  universities_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  logical_JJ  but_CCB  when_CS one_MC1  looks_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  small_JJ  expenditure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  research_NN  associations_NNS  ,_,  compared_VBN  for_IO  example_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  *+5_NNU  million_MC  vote_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  agricultural_JJ  research_NN  council_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  paradoxical_JJ  .  
  for_IO  1960_MC  the_AT1  incomes_NNS  were_VBDR  :_:  **[list**]_&FO  .  
  of_IO  this_DD1  total_NN  *+207_NNU  840_MC  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  industry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  remainder_NN  by_IO  \0D.S.I.R_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  research_NN  association_NN  ,_,  by_IO  its_APP$  nature_NN  and_CC  organisation_NN  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  extremely_RR  objective_JJ  ,_,  efficient_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  research_NN  unit_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  search_VV0  for_IO  its_APP$  problems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  solution_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  problem_NN  can_VM  usually_RR  be_VB0  tested_VBN  out_RP  at_RR  once_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  member's_NN1$  plant_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pilot_NN  plant_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  furthermore_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  behind_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  stimulating_JJ  urge_NN  and_CC  interest_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  call_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  experience_NN  and_CC  judgment_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  it_PPH1  decide_VV0  how_CS far_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  profitable_JJ  to_TO  pursue_VV0  a_AT1  particular_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  enquiry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  are_VBR  similar_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  laboratory_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual_JJ  food_NN  manufacturer_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  important_JJ  difference_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  research_NN  association_NN  serves_VBZ  a_AT1  whole_JJ  industry_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  coupled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  close_JJ  links_NNS  with_IO  \0D.S.I.R_NP  and_CC  other_DA  government_NN  departments_NNS  ,_,  encourages_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_IO  work_NN  along_IO  independent_JJ  and_CC  pioneer_NN  lines_NNS  in_IO  both_DB2  its_APP$  research_NN  and_CC  applied_JJ  work_NN  .  
  its_APP$  members_NNS  realize_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  if_CS  the_AT1  association_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  their_APP$  scientific_JJ  liaison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  departments_NNS  concerned_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  particular_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  standards_NNS  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  agriculture_NN  ,_,  fisheries_NNS  and_CC  food_NN  affords_VBZ  a_AT1  notable_JJ  example_NN  :_:  this_DD1  committee_NN  when_CS considering_VBG  a_AT1  particular_JJ  foodstuff_NN  usually_RR  invites_VBZ  the_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  research_NN  association_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  its_APP$  meetings_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  act_VV0  as_IO  assessor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  .  
  although_CS  a_AT1  research_NN  association_NN  serves_VBZ  a_AT1  whole_JJ  industry_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  significant_JJ  that_CS  often_RR  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  has_VHZ  encouraged_VBN  individual_JJ  firms_NNS  to_TO  start_VV0  up_RP  or_CC  extend_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  laboratories_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  the_AT1  research_NN  associations_NNS  have_VH0  brought_VBN  a_AT1  much_RR  greater_JJ  scientific_JJ  outlook_NN  and_CC  interest_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  than_CS  their_APP$  budgets_NNS  and_CC  work_NN  would_VM  indicate_VV0  .  
  co-operative_JJ  research_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  collaboration_NN  between_IO  themselves_PPX2  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  traditional_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  essential_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  research_NN  associations_NNS  to_TO  collaborate_VV0  whenever_CS possible_JJ  with_IO  other_DA  laboratories_NNS  that_PNQS specialize_VV0  in_IO  some_DD  particular_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  food_NN  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  of_IO  mutual_JJ  advantage_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  research_NN  association_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  own_DA  specialized_JJ  knowledge_NN  and_CC  equipment_NN  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  thus_RR  a_AT1  notable_JJ  example_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  joint_JB  work_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0M.A.F.F_NP  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  food_NN  defence_NN  plans_NNS  .  
  similarly_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  continuous_JJ  contact_NN  and_CC  collaboration_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  research_NN  station_NN  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  pest_NN  infestation_NN  laboratory_NN  ,_,  Slough_NP  (_(  both_DB2  \0A.R.C_NP  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry's_NN1$  food_NN  science_NN  and_CC  atomic_JJ  energy_NN  and_CC  infestation_NN  control_NN  divisions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  chemist_NN  .  
  a_AT1  particularly_RR  intimate_JJ  case_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  food_NN  manufacturing_NN  industries_NNS  research_NN  association_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  seconded_VBN  staff_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  research_NN  station_NN  to_IO  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  irradiation_NN  of_IO  foods_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  preservation_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  associations_NNS  can_VM  call_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  resources_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  mycological_JJ  institute_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  maintains_VBZ  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  fungi_NNS  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  research_NN  into_IO  certain_JJ  food_NN  problems_NNS  .  
  10_MC  .  
  coming_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  broad_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  entirely_RR  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  that_CS  greater_JJ  London_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  recognisable_JJ  civic_JJ  unity_NN  and_CC  shape_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  grown_VBN  outwards_RR  from_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  centre_NN  .  
  but_CCB  its_APP$  local_JJ  government_NN  structure_NN  ,_,  inherited_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS London_NP  was_VBDZ  much_RR  smaller_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  reflects_VBZ  that_DD1  unity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  major_JJ  services_NNS  are_VBR  administered_VBN  by_IO  six_MC  county_NN  councils_NNS  and_CC  three_MC  county_NN  borough_NN  councils_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  three_MC  systems_NNS  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  exist_VV0  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  :_:  single-tier_JB  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  boroughs_NNS  ,_,  two-tier_JB  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  pattern_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  administrative_JJ  county_NN  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  unique_JJ  two-tier_JB  system_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  county_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  important_JJ  local_JJ  government_NN  functions_VBZ  vest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  council_NN  .  
  11_MC  .  
  London_NP  has_VHZ  clearly_RR  outgrown_VBN  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  devised_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  vastly_RR  different_JJ  physical_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  conditions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  .  
  this_DD1  great_JJ  town_NN  now_RL  faces_VBZ  immense_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  congestion_NN  ,_,  of_IO  traffic_NN  ,_,  of_IO  land_NN  shortages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  major_JJ  redevelopment_NN  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  its_APP$  citizens_NNS  are_VBR    Londoners_NP2    ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS live_VV0  within_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  28_MC  metropolitan_JJ  boroughs_NNS  .  
  greater_JJ  London_NP  is_VBZ  their_APP$  city_NN  and_CC  all_DB  are_VBR  involved_VBN  in_IO  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  12_MC  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  were_VBDR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  unless_CS  some_DD  method_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  to_TO  tackle_VV0  the_AT1  pressing_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  central_JJ  government_NN  would_VM  increasingly_RR  supersede_VV0  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  that_CS  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  disastrous_JJ  for_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  right_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  which_DDQ  recognises_VBZ  greater_JJ  London_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  unit_NN  for_IO  some_DD  purposes_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  local_JJ  government_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  opinion_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  greater_JJ  London_NP  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  responsible_JJ  self-government_NN  .  
  13_MC  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  now_RL  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  effective_JJ  reorganisation_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  bring_VV0  London_NP  government_NN  into_IO  harmony_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  metropolis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  fit_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  problems_NNS  presented_VBN  by_IO  changing_JJ  social_JJ  conditions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  ubiquitous_JJ  motor_NN  vehicle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  are_VBR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  opportunity_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  now_RL  grasped_VBN  ,_,  local_JJ  government_NN  will_VM  wither_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  capital_JJ  city_NN  where_CS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  strongest_JJT  .  
  14_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  impressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  recognition_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  concerned_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  some_DD  change_NN  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  many_DA  would_VM  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  radical_JJ  solution_NN  than_IO  that_DD1  proposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  .  
  but_CCB  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  number_NN  ,_,  while_CS  having_VHG  reservation_NN  on_IO  some_DD  points_NNS  of_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  accept_VV0  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  broad_JJ  plan_NN  .  
  15_MC  .  
  the_AT1  feature_NN  which_DDQ  attracted_VVD  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  support_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  borough_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  unit_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  are_VBR  sure_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  right_JJ  principle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  defect_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  organisation_NN  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  boroughs_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  no_AT1  real_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  and_CC  personal_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  system_NN  proposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  would_VM  place_VV0  personal_JJ  ,_,  preventive_JJ  and_CC  environmental_JJ  health_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  welfare_NN  and_CC  children's_NN2  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  housing_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  authority_NN  ,_,  local_JJ  enough_RGA  in_IO  character_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  local_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  living_NN  and_CC  working_NN  conditions_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  not_XX  only_RR  greatly_RR  enlarge_VV0  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  borough_NN  councillor_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  also_RR  make_VV0  for_IO  more_RG  effective_JJ  administration_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  closely_RR  linked_JJ  social_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  regard_VV0  this_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  key_JB  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  plan_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  well_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  attract_VV0  into_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  more_DA  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  of_IO  real_JJ  ability_NN  ,_,  by_IO  making_VBG  sure_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  worthwhile_JJ  jobs_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  re-organisation_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  secure_VV0  this_DD1  it_PPH1  will_VM  fail_VV0  of_IO  its_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  16_MC  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  alternative_JJ  plan_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  ,_,  sponsored_VBN  chiefly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  councils_NNS  of_IO  Essex_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  Middlesex_NP  and_CC  Surrey_NP  ,_,  for_IO  an_AT1  indirectly_RR  elected_JJ  joint_JB  board_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  area_NN  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  wider_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  reviewed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  retention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  county_NN  and_CC  county_NN  borough_NN  councils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  responsibilities_NNS  in_IO  town_NN  planning_NN  for_IO  drawing_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  master_NN  plan_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  local_JJ  planning_NN  authorities_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  to_TO  conform_VV0  ,_,  covering_VBG  such_DA  regional_JJ  questions_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  road_NN  framework_NN  ,_,  target_NN  populations_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  and_CC  main_JB  disposition_NN  of_IO  employment_NN  :_:  for_IO  laying_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  main_JB  considerations_NNS  for_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  traffic_NN  :_:  for_IO  planning_VBG  and_CC  co-ordinating_VBG  refuse_NN  disposal_NN  :_:  and_CC  for_IO  planning_VBG  and_CC  co-ordinating_VBG  programmes_NNS  for_IO  over-spill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  joint_JB  board_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  mainly_RR  advisory_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  and_CC  meanwhile_RR  somewhat_RR  greater_JJ  powers_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  conferred_VBN  on_IO  or_CC  delegated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  .  
  17_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  believe_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  plan_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  begin_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  it_PPH1  ignores_VBZ    or_CC  denies_VBZ    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  assumptions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission's_NN1$  report_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  built-up_JB  areas_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  of_IO  London_NP  are_VBR  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  more_RG  properly_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  than_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  Counties_NPLS  to_IO  which_DDQ  historically_RR  they_PPHS2  belong_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  apart_RP  ,_,  this_DD1  plan_NN  would_VM  surely_RR  confuse_VV0  responsibilities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  authority_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  ,_,  traffic_NN  and_CC  road_NN  problems_NNS  of_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  must_VM  exercise_VV0  a_AT1  real_JJ  responsibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  plans_NNS  are_VBR  effectively_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  a_AT1  largely_RR  advisory_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  with_IO  powers_NNS  mainly_RR  of_IO  co-ordination_NN  and_CC  supervision_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  very_RG  little_DA  .  
  the_AT1  overall_JB  authority_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  executive_JJ  body_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  no_AT1  doubt_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  right_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  in_IO  some_DD  matters_NNS  act_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  agency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  borough_NN  councils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  also_RR  believe_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  authority_NN  ,_,  for_IO  full_JJ  effectiveness_NN  and_CC  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  powers_NNS  and_CC  responsibilities_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  will_VM  carry_VV0  ,_,  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  directly_RR  elected_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  joint_JB  board_NN  as_CS  envisaged_VBN  would_VM  entail_VV0  a_AT1  third_MD  tier_NN  of_IO  responsibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  would_VM  only_RR  further_RRR  confuse_VV0  the_AT1  already_RR  confused_JJ  local_JJ  government_NN  pattern_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  county_NN  councils_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  sandwiched_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  joint_JB  board_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  boroughs_NNS  and_CC  districts_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  given_VBN  the_AT1  responsibilities_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  view_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  .  
  18_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  recognise_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  abolition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  county_NN  pattern_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  will_VM  present_VV0  formidable_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  organisation_NN  .  
  their_APP$  concern_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  administrative_JJ  structure_NN  for_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  .  
  when_CS that_DD1  is_VBZ  settled_VBN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  give_VV0  consideration_NN  to_IO  such_DA  related_JJ  matters_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  lieutenancies_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  sheriffs_NNS  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  emphasise_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  propose_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  only_RR  changes_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  needed_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  their_APP$  main_JB  purpose_NN  and_CC  matters_NNS  consequential_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  these_DD2  proposals_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  affect_VV0  any_DD  existing_JJ  cultural_JJ  ,_,  social_JJ  ,_,  sporting_NN  or_CC  other_DA  associations_NNS  or_CC  loyalties_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  counties_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  convinced_VBN  that_CS  London_NP  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  organisation_NN  to_TO  match_VV0  its_APP$  present_JJ  physical_JJ  shape_NN  and_CC  state_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  convinced_VBN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  this_DD1  organisation_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  which_DDQ  recognises_VBZ  the_AT1  unity_NN  and_CC  cohesion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  would_VM  combine_VV0  ability_NN  to_TO  handle_VV0  those_DD2  issues_NNS  that_PNQS demand_VV0  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  area_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  to_TO  grapple_VV0  effectively_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  and_CC  complex_JJ  local_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  believe_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  provided_CS  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  are_VBR  met_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  structure_NN  will_VM  provide_VV0  fuller_JJ  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  really_RR  worthwhile_JJ  local_JJ  government_NN  service_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  .  
  19_MC  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  should_VM  fall_VV0  within_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  range_NN  100,000_MC  to_IO  250,000_MC  ,_,  and_CC  provisionally_RR  proposed_VVD  a_AT1  pattern_NN  comprising_VBG  52_MC  new_JJ  boroughs_NNS  (_(  including_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  provides_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  constitution_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  county_NN  borough_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  area_NN  is_VBZ  affected_VBN  by_IO  considerations_NNS  of_IO  population_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  should_VM  presume_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  100,000_MC  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  discharge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  county_NN  borough_NN  council_NN  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  larger_JJ  units_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  better_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  up_RP  without_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  convenience_NN  .  
  larger_JJ  units_NNS  would_VM  mean_VV0  more_DA  work_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  authority_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  personal_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  make_VV0  specialisation_NN  in_IO  staff_NN  and_CC  institutions_NNS  more_RG  efficient_JJ  and_CC  economical_JJ  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  larger_JJ  units_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  stronger_JJ  in_IO  resources_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  better_RRR  able_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  the_AT1  major_JJ  redevelopments_NNS  which_DDQ  many_DA  boroughs_NNS  now_RL  need_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  able_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  and_CC  improve_VV0  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  services_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  undertake_VV0  their_APP$  development_NN  as_CS  circumstances_NNS  may_VM  require_VV0  .  
  moreover_RR  the_AT1  very_DA  nature_NN  of_IO  London_NP    continuously_RR  built-up_VBN  at_IO  high_JJ  densities_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  transport_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  population_NN  which_DDQ  in_IO  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  daily_JJ  activities_NNS  pays_VBZ  little_DA  regard_NN  to_IO  local_JJ  boundaries_NNS    distinguishes_VBZ  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  typical_JJ  county_NN  borough_NN  .  
  hitherto_RR  ,_,  London_NP  has_VHZ  suffered_VBN  in_IO  its_APP$  local_JJ  administration_NN  from_IO  too_RG  great_JJ  a_AT1  proliferation_NN  of_IO  not_XX  very_RG  strong_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  aim_NN  now_RL  should_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  create_VV0  units_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  while_CS  retaining_VBG  their_APP$  local_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  well_RR  equipped_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  fully_RR  adequate_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  services_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  closely-knit_JB  area_NN  such_IO  as_II  London_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  believe_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  object_NN  can_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  assured_VBN  by_IO  aiming_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  minimum_JJ  population_NN  and_CC  rather_RR  fewer_DA  boroughs_NNS  than_CS  suggested_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  consider_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  make_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  higher_JJ  standards_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  for_IO  greater_JJ  economy_NN  in_IO  administration_NN  .  
  20_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  general_JJ  conclusion_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  desirable_JJ  to_TO  aim_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  minimum_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  around_RR  200,000_MC  wherever_CS possible_JJ  .  
  some_DD  boroughs_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  substantially_RR  larger_JJ  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  they_PPHS2  propose_VV0  shortly_RR  to_TO  circulate_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  consultation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  illustration_NN  of_IO  how_CS larger_JJ  boroughs_NNS  might_VM  work_VV0  out_RP  .  
  21_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN    metropolitan_NC2  borough_NC2    should_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  abandoned_VBN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  propose_VV0  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO    London_NC2  borough_NC2    .  
  the_AT1  commission_NN  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  constitution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  borough_NN  councils_NNS  should_VM  follow_VV0  that_DD1  of_IO  municipal_JJ  boroughs_NNS  outside_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  .  
  22_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  in_IO  thinking_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  and_CC  status_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  should_VM  remain_VV0  unchanged_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  receive_VV0  the_AT1  additional_JJ  powers_NNS  given_VBN  to_IO  boroughs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  London_NP  council_NN  .  
  23_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  greater_JJ  London_NP  council_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  directly_RR  elected_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  propose_VV0  to_TO  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  plan_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  members_NNS  should_VM  serve_VV0  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  retire_VV0  together_RR  .  
  24_MC  .  
  the_AT1  commission_NN  proposed_VVD  that_CS  election_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  parliamentary_JJ  constituencies_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  structure_NN  this_DD1  would_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  membership_NN  of_IO  about_RR  110_MC  .  
  many_DA  authorities_NNS  have_VH0  criticised_VBN  this_DD1  proposal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  argue_VV0  that_CS  representation_NN  would_VM  better_RRR  be_VB0  based_VBN  more_RG  directly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  boroughs_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  require_VV0  further_JB  examination_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  boroughs_NNS  which_DDQ  emerges_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  reserve_VV0  their_APP$  decision_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  25_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  generally_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  applied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  in_IO  deciding_VBG  which_WDTI  areas_NNS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  recommend_VV0  for_IO  inclusion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  London_NP  administrative_JJ  area_NN  .  
  when_CS consultation_NN  takes_VBZ  place_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  borough_NN  pattern_NN  ,_,  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  opportunity_NN  for_IO  any_DD  peripheral_JJ  authority_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  known_VBN  its_APP$  views_NNS  about_IO  its_APP$  inclusion_NN  in_IO  or_CC  exclusion_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  districts_NNS  left_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  ambit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  commission_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS will_VM  then_RL  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  Watford's_PPIO2  claims_NNS  for_IO  county_NN  borough_NN  status_NN  .  
  functions_NNS  .  
  26_MC  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  set_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  broad_JJ  proposals_NNS  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  particular_JJ  functions_NNS  ;_;  many_DA  matters_NNS  of_IO  detail_NN  will_VM  naturally_RR  require_VV0  further_JB  consideration_NN  .  
  personal_JJ  health_NN  and_CC  welfare_NN  services_NNS  and_CC  children's_NN2  services_NNS  .  
  27_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  mind_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  services_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ambulance_NN  service_NN  ,_,  should_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  organised_VBN  on_IO  as_RG  local_JJ  a_AT1  basis_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  recommend_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  borough_NN  responsibility_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  agree_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  concur_VV0  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  positive_JJ  advantages_NNS  will_VM  follow_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  concentration_NN  of_IO  responsibility_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  associated_JJ  ones_CD1S  such_IO  as_II  housing_NN  and_CC  environmental_JJ  health_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  authorities_NNS  .  
  housing_NN  .  
  28_MC  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  accept_VV0  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission's_NN1$  main_JB  conclusion_NN  that_CS  housing_NN  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  a_AT1  borough_NN  service_NN  .  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  studied_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  packed_VVD  domestic_JJ  goods_NNS  ,_,  output_NN  per_IO  man_NN  hour_NN  increased_VVD  by_IO  75_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  and_CC  earnings_NNS  by_IO  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wages_NNS  cost_NN  per_IO  unit_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  by_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  following_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  Birmingham_NP  study_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  financial_JJ  incentives_NNS  are_VBR  effective_JJ  in_IO  influencing_VBG  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  also_RR  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  effects_NNS  may_VM  vary_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  from_IO  factory_NN  to_IO  factory_NN  .  
  where_CS high_JJ  output_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  being_VBG  achieved_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  may_VM  make_VV0  little_DA  or_CC  no_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  marked_JJ  .  
  in_IO  yet_RR  others_DA2  ,_,  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  influences_NNS  at_IO  work_NN  which_DDQ  prevent_VV0  a_AT1  scheme_NN  from_IO  having_VHG  the_AT1  intended_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  anticipate_VV0  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  the_AT1  effect_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  useful_JJ  statement_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  effort_NN  or_CC  output_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  apply_VV0  in_IO  all_DB  circumstances_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  useful_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  influences_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  affect_VV0  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  difficulties_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  arise_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  from_IO  intensive_JJ  studies_NNS  of_IO  workshop_NN  behaviour_NN  by_IO  social_JJ  scientists_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  \0U.S.A_NP  will_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  briefly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  group_NN  .  
  observation_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN  in_IO  workshops_NNS  often_RR  reveals_VBZ  that_CS  levels_NNS  of_IO  output_NN  and_CC  earnings_NNS  under_IO  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  are_VBR  controlled_VBN  by_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  workers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  because_CS  ,_,  by_IO  their_APP$  very_DA  design_NN  ,_,  such_DA  schemes_NNS  leave_VV0  the_AT1  worker_NN  some_DD  freedom_NN  to_TO  regulate_VV0  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  effort_NN  and_CC  reward_NN  ,_,  hence_RR  providing_VBG  scope_NN  for_IO  manipulation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  manipulate_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  vary_VV0  from_IO  workshop_NN  to_IO  workshop_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  machine-pacing_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effectiveness_NN  of_IO  other_DA  managerial_JJ  controls_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  also_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  whether_CS  workers_NNS  want_VV0  to_TO  set_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  standards_NNS  of_IO  output_NN  and_CC  earnings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  their_APP$  standards_NNS  are_VBR  lower_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  considered_VBN  as_CS  reasonable_JJ  by_IO  managers_NNS  ,_,  such_DA  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  called_VBN    restriction_NN  of_IO  output_NN    .  
  behaviour_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  judgements_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  made_VBN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  reveal_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  of_IO  managers_NNS  and_CC  workers_NNS  will_VM  often_RR  differ_VV0  about_IO  a_AT1  fair_JJ  day's_NN1$  work_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  fair_JJ  day's_NN1$  pay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  discrepant_JJ  ideas_NNS  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  .  
  \0F_NP  \0W_NP  Taylor_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  pioneer_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  management_NN  ,_,  used_VVD  the_AT1  colourful_JJ  term_NN    systematic_NC2  soldiering_NC2    to_TO  describe_VV0  control_NN  over_IO  output_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  group's_NN1$  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  lower_JJ  than_CS  management_NN  hoped_VVD  for_IO  or_CC  expected_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  setting_NN  of_IO  standards_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  more_RG  efficient_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  working_VBG  and_CC  managerial_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  offer_NN  of_IO  cash_NN  incentives_NNS  to_IO  workers_NNS  ,_,  specially_RR  selected_VBN  as_CS  suitable_JJ  to_TO  perform_VV0  certain_JJ  tasks_NNS  defined_VBN  by_IO  management_NN  .  
  in_IO  Taylor's_PPIO2  scheme_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  widely_RR  adopted_VBN  in_IO  various_JJ  forms_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  onus_NN  is_VBZ  upon_IO  management_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  more_RG  effective_JJ  techniques_NNS  of_IO  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  process_NN  .  
  often_RR  investigators_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  Taylor_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  have_VH0  argued_VBN  that_CS  to_TO  change_VV0  attitudes_NNS  is_VBZ  equally_RR  important_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  more_RG  so_PN1  .  
  \0P_NP  \0E_NP  Vernon_NP  argued_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1    economic_JJ  fallacy_NN    of_IO  restriction_NN  of_IO  output_NN    \0i.e_RR  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  best_JJT  interests_NNS    could_VM  be_VB0  overcome_VBN  if_CS  workers_NNS  were_VBDR  better_RRR  educated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  allowed_VBN  a_AT1  greater_JJ  share_NN  in_IO  management_NN  .  
  later_JJ  researches_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  investigators_NNS  over-stressed_VVD  economic_JJ  rationalism_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  motive_NN  in_IO  worker_NN  behaviour_NN  .  
  social_JJ  scientists_NNS  have_VH0  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  controlled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  and_CC  customs_NNS  of_IO  society_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  groups_NNS  within_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  belongs_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  rewarded_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  conforms_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  punished_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  deviates_VBZ  from_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  powerful_JJ  social_JJ  sanction_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ    sending_VBG  to_IO  Coventry_NP    which_DDQ  cuts_VBZ  the_AT1  deviant_NN  off_RP  from_IO  social_JJ  communication_NN  with_IO  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  group_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  like_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  highly_RR  differentiated_VBN  along_IO  lines_NNS  of_IO  occupation_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  class_NN  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  built_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  interlinked_JJ  groupings_NNS  and_CC  specialized_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  differing_JJ  standards_NNS  emerge_VV0  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  preserved_VBN  and_CC  maintained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  group_NN  life_NN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  Hawthorne_NP  experiments_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  .  
  the_AT1  investigators_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS watched_VVD  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  wiring_NN  room_NN  concluded_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  workers_NNS  kept_VVD  output_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  steady_JJ  level_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  limit_NN  set_VBN  by_IO  normal_JJ  fatigue_NN  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  as_IO  individuals_NNS  ,_,  pursuing_VBG  well-defined_JJ  economic_JJ  interests_NNS  but_CCB  because_CS  they_PPHS2  feared_VVD  that_CS  to_TO  behave_VV0  otherwise_RR  would_VM  promote_VV0  external_JJ  pressure_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  workers_NNS  explained_VVD  their_APP$  behaviour_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  by_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  fear_NN  of_IO  rate-cutting_NN  ,_,  or_CC  working_VBG  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  explanations_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  investigators_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  rationalizations_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHN  itself_PPX1  arisen_VBN  from_IO  deep-rooted_JJ  psychological_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  needs_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  evidence_NN  which_DDQ  supports_VBZ  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  workers_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  willing_JJ  to_TO  forgo_VV0  greater_JJ  cash_NN  rewards_NNS  to_TO  maintain_VV0  pleasant_JJ  social_JJ  relationships_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  satisfactions_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  working_NN  environment_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  tighten_VV0  management_NN  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  workers_NNS    by_IO  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  which_DDQ  Taylor_NP  ,_,  amongst_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  advocated_VVD    may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  felt_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  threat_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  group_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  generate_VV0  sufficient_JJ  resistance_NN  to_TO  nullify_VV0  the_AT1  intended_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  classic_JJ  Hawthorne_NP  studies_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  observers_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  in_IO  workshops_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  concerned_JJ  to_TO  stress_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  satisfaction_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  tended_VVD  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  continuing_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  needs_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  .  
  recently_RR  some_DD  writers_NNS  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  worker_NN  may_VM  gain_VV0  both_DB2  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  satisfaction_NN  ,_,  because_CS  controls_NNS  over_IO  output_NN  and_CC  earnings_NNS  maintained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  intended_VBN  to_TO  serve_VV0  economic_JJ  objectives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  consciously_RR  be_VB0  designed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  Manchester_NP  University_NNL1  study_NN  ,_,  supporting_VBG  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  conclusion_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  engineering_NN  workshop_NN  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  manipulated_VVD  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  incentive_NN  scheme_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  unofficial_JJ  procedure_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  described_VVD  as_IO    cross-booking_NN    .  
  the_AT1  incentive_NN  scheme_NN  was_VBDZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  reward_VV0  individual_JJ  workers_NNS  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  time_NN  saved_VBN  on_IO    allowed_JJ  times_NNS    based_VBN  on_IO  time-study_NN  data_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  workers_NNS  found_VVD  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  times_NNS  were_VBDR    loose_JJ    ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  much_DA  time_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  and_CC  bonus_NN  earned_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  relatively_RR  little_DA  effort_NN  .  
  other_DA  times_NNS  were_VBDR    tight_JJ    ,_,  requiring_VBG  much_DA  effort_NN  to_TO  effect_VV0  substantial_JJ  saving_NN  and_CC  bonus_NN  .  
  this_DD1  group_NN  had_VHD  devised_VBN  a_AT1  procedure_NN  which_DDQ  balanced_VVD  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  tight_JJ  and_CC  loose_JJ  allowed_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  saved_VBN  on_IO  loose_JJ  jobs_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  declared_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  filled_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  time_NN  sheets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  claimed_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  procedure_NN  had_VHD  two_MC  effects_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  loose_JJ  times_NNS  was_VBDZ  concealed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  saved_VBN  but_CCB  had_VHD  not_XX  declared_VBN  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0    banked_VBN    and_CC  then_RL    booked_VBN    on_RP  to_IO  tight_JJ  jobs_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  pay_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  workers_NNS  claimed_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  procedure_NN  enabled_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  stabilize_VV0  effort_NN  and_CC  earnings_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  to_TO  protect_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  by_IO  concealing_VBG  the_AT1  loose_JJ  rates_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  rate-cutting_NN  by_IO  management_NN  .  
  to_TO  book_VV0  straight_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  argued_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  also_RR  led_VBN  to_IO  wide_JJ  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  earnings_NNS  since_CS  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  of_IO  tight_JJ  and_CC  loose_JJ  rates_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  allocated_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  any_DD  week_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  accurately_RR  predicted_VBN  .  
  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  workers'_NN2  claim_NN  that_CS  cross-booking_NN  stabilized_VVD  earnings_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  wages_NNS  records_NNS  .  
  comparisons_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earnings_NNS  of_IO  persons_NNS  who_PNQS cross-booked_VVD  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  deviants_NNS  who_PNQS booked_VVD  straight_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  claim_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  graph_NN  shows_NNS  (_(  see_VV0  \0p_NN  14_MC  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  and_CC  other_DA  similar_JJ  studies_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  manipulation_NN  of_IO  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  by_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  workers_NNS  is_VBZ  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  into_IO  effect_NN  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  fair_JJ  day's_NN1$  work_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  of_IO  managers_NNS  and_CC  workers_NNS  differ_VV0  about_IO  what_DDQ  a_AT1  worker_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  produce_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  that_CS  both_DB2  parties_NNS  will_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  express_VV0  these_DD2  ideas_NNS  in_IO  behaviour_NN  :_:  management_NN  by_IO  procedures_NNS  of_IO  administrative_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  workers_NNS  by_IO  individual_JJ  or_CC  by_IO  group_NN  action_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  as_IO  to_II  why_CS ideas_NNS  about_IO  a_AT1  fair_JJ  day's_NN1$  work_NN  should_VM  differ_VV0  will_VM  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  section_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  realization_NN  that_CS  ideas_NNS  do_VD0  differ_VV0  and_CC  that_CS  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  offer_VV0  scope_NN  to_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  workers_NNS  for_IO  expression_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  has_VHZ  led_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  other_DA  methods_NNS  of_IO  wage_NN  payment_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  encourage_VV0  workers_NNS  to_TO  aim_VV0  for_IO  standards_NNS  which_DDQ  managers_NNS  regard_VV0  as_CS  appropriate_JJ  .  
  group_NN  bonus_NN  and_CC  other_DA  schemes_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  group_NN  bonus_NN  schemes_NNS  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  would_VM  provide_VV0  an_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  groups_NNS  on_IO  output_NN  .  
  such_DA  schemes_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  offer_VV0  no_AT1  threat_NN  to_IO  group_NN  solidarity_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  satisfaction_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  even_RR  enhance_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  group_NN  may_VM  behave_VV0  as_CS  an_AT1  individual_NN  is_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0    \0i.e_RR  to_TO  increase_VV0  output_NN  and_CC  earn_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  in_IO  reason_NN  or_CC  experience_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  lends_VBZ  support_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  processes_NNS  lend_VV0  themselves_PPX2  easily_RR  to_IO  systems_NNS  of_IO  group_NN  payment_NN  as_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  steel_NN  industry_NN  where_CS many_DA  processes_NNS  are_VBR  operated_VBN  by_IO  crews_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  in_IO  such_DA  schemes_NNS  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  output_NN  levels_NNS  will_VM  meet_VV0  management_NN  expectations_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  crews_NNS  decide_VV0  otherwise_RR  .  
  the_AT1  scope_NN  for_IO  control_NN  still_RR  exists_VBZ  .  
  group_NN  bonus_NN  schemes_NNS  may_VM  or_CC  may_VM  not_XX  encourage_VV0  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  common_JJ  purpose_NN  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  other_DA  circumstances_NNS  .  
  group_NN  bonus_NN  schemes_NNS  pose_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  special_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  if_CS  workers_NNS  perform_VV0  different_JJ  tasks_NNS  ,_,  difficulties_NNS  may_VM  arise_VV0  over_IO  dividing_VBG  the_AT1  group_NN  earnings_NNS  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  contributions_NNS  of_IO  individuals_NNS  .  
  even_RR  where_CS workers_NNS  perform_VV0  similar_JJ  tasks_NNS  ,_,  individual_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  skill_NN  and_CC  application_NN  may_VM  make_VV0  any_DD  simple_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  earnings_NNS  seem_VV0  unfair_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  adversely_RR  affect_VV0  relationships_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  instances_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  reported_VBN  where_CS workers_NNS  have_VH0  asked_VBN  managers_NNS  to_TO  replace_VV0  group_NN  by_IO  individual_JJ  incentives_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  this_DD1  very_DA  reason_NN  .  
  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  idea_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  gaining_VBG  ground_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  kinds_NNS  of_IO  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  scheme_NN  discussed_VBN  above_II  are_VBR  an_AT1  inefficient_JJ  means_NN  of_IO  managerial_JJ  control_NN  .  
  since_CS  they_PPHS2  leave_VV0  workers_NNS  free_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  individual_JJ  or_CC  collective_JJ  decisions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  relationships_NNS  between_IO  effort_NN  and_CC  reward_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  weaken_VV0  managerial_JJ  control_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  productive_JJ  process_NN  ,_,  and_CC  affect_VV0  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  accurately_RR  to_TO  set_VV0  standards_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  plan_VV0  programmes_NNS  of_IO  work_NN  .  
  attention_NN  has_VHZ  therefore_RR  been_VBN  turned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  systems_NNS  of_IO  payment_NN  which_DDQ  offer_VV0  a_AT1  regular_JJ  weekly_JJ  sum_NN  to_IO  individuals_NNS  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  consistent_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  measured_JJ  performance_NN  .  
  in_IO  such_DA  schemes_NNS  payment_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  related_VBN  directly_RR  to_IO  pieces_NNS  produced_VBN  or_CC  to_IO  time_NN  saved_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  contract_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  individual_NN  undertakes_VBZ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  pace_NN  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  weekly_JJ  wage_NN  .  
  one_MC1  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  management_NN  is_VBZ  better_RRR  able_JJ  to_TO  predict_VV0  and_CC  plan_VV0  .  
  another_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  onus_NN  is_VBZ  placed_VBN  on_IO  managers_NNS  and_CC  supervisors_NNS  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  workers_NNS  have_VH0  enough_DD  work_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  to_TO  fulfil_VV0  their_APP$  obligations_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  contract_NN  .  
  some_DD  schemes_NNS  provide_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  worker_NN  shows_VBZ  himself_PPX1  capable_JJ  of_IO  reaching_VBG  and_CC  maintaining_VBG  a_AT1  higher_JJ  pace_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  higher_JJ  weekly_JJ  wage_NN  .  
  so_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  an_AT1  incentive_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  output_NN  .  
  schemes_NNS  such_IO  as_II  this_DD1  ,_,  like_IO  individual_JJ  and_CC  group_NN  piece-work_NN  or_CC  bonus_NN  schemes_NNS  ,_,  raise_VV0  practical_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  setting_VBG  rates_NNS  or_CC  measuring_NN  standards_NNS  of_IO  performance_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  translation_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  proper_JJ  day's_NN1$  work_NN  into_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  physical_JJ  output_NN  or_CC  effort_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  here_RL  that_CS  procedures_NNS  for_IO  setting_VBG  rates_NNS  ,_,  however_CS refined_VBN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  by_IO  themselves_PPX2  solve_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  raised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  differing_JJ  notions_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  proper_JJ  day's_NN1$  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  discussion_NN  of_IO  financial_JJ  incentive_NN  schemes_NNS  to_TO  describe_VV0  and_CC  evaluate_VV0  these_DD2  procedures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  rate_NN  setting_NN  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  stop-watch_NN  was_VBDZ  widely_RR  introduced_VBN  for_IO  timing_VBG  industrial_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  piece-work_NN  schemes_NNS  were_VBDR  usually_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  times_NNS  estimated_VBN  by_IO  supervisors_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS relied_VVD  on_IO  personal_JJ  judgement_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  past_JB  experience_NN  .  
  this_DD1  method_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO    guesstimating_NN    ,_,  is_VBZ  still_RR  employed_VBN  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  acts_NNS  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  lands_NNS  and_CC  feu_NN  duties_NNS  or_CC  ground_NN  annuals_NNS  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  such_DA  provisions_NNS  are_VBR  applicable_JJ  shall_VM  extend_VV0  and_CC  apply_VV0  to_IO  any_DD  such_DA  grant_NN  and_CC  to_IO  any_DD  such_DA  servitude_NN  right_NN  or_CC  privilege_NN  as_CS  aforesaid_VBN  .  
  15_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  may_VM    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  retain_VV0  and_CC  hold_VV0  and_CC  use_VV0  for_IO  such_DA  time_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  fit_JJ  any_DD  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  in_IO  land_NN  vested_VBN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  sell_VV0  feu_NN  lease_NN  excamb_NN  or_CC  otherwise_RR  dispose_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  in_IO  such_DA  manner_NN  and_CC  for_IO  such_DA  consideration_NN  and_CC  on_IO  such_DA  terms_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  fit_JJ  (_(  whether_CS  in_IO  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gross_JJ  sum_NN  or_CC  of_IO  an_AT1  annual_JJ  feu_NN  duty_NN  or_CC  rent_NN  or_CC  of_IO  payment_NN  in_IO  any_DD  other_DA  form_NN  )_)  ;_;  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  sell_VV0  excamb_NN  or_CC  dispose_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  feu_NN  duties_NNS  created_VBN  or_CC  rents_NNS  reserved_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  feu_NN  lease_NN  excambion_NN  or_CC  other_DA  disposition_NN  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  ;_;  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  make_VV0  do_VD0  and_CC  execute_VV0  any_DD  deed_NN  act_NN  or_CC  thing_NN  proper_JJ  for_IO  effectuating_VBG  any_DD  such_DA  sale_NN  feu_NN  lease_NN  excambion_NN  or_CC  other_DA  disposition_NN  ;_;  (_(  e_ZZ1  )_)  on_IO  any_DD  such_DA  excambion_NN  pay_VV0  or_CC  receive_VV0  money_NN  for_IO  equality_NN  of_IO  exchange_NN  :_:  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  without_IO  the_AT1  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  sell_VV0  feu_NN  lease_NN  excamb_NN  or_CC  otherwise_RR  dispose_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  therein_RR  except_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  price_NN  or_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  terms_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  for_IO  such_DA  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  purchaser_NN  feuar_NN  or_CC  lessee_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  concerned_VBN  to_TO  enquire_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  or_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  obtained_VBN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  nothing_PN1  in_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  release_VV0  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  or_CC  any_DD  persons_NNS  purchasing_VBG  or_CC  acquiring_VBG  any_DD  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  in_IO  land_NN  from_IO  them_PPHO1  under_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  from_IO  any_DD  feu_NN  duties_NNS  ground_NN  annuals_NNS  rents_NNS  obligations_NNS  restrictions_NNS  reservations_NNS  terms_NNS  or_CC  conditions_NNS  made_VBN  payable_JJ  by_IO  or_CC  contained_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  conveyance_NN  lease_NN  or_CC  other_DA  deed_NN  or_CC  instrument_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  conveyed_VBN  feued_VBN  or_CC  leased_VBN  to_IO  or_CC  otherwise_RR  acquired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  or_CC  any_DD  persons_NNS  from_IO  or_CC  through_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  have_VH0  derived_VBN  title_NN  to_IO  such_DA  land_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  .  
  part_NN  4_MC  .  
  limits_NNS  .  
  16_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  limits_NNS  within_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  shall_VM  have_VH0  authority_NN  and_CC  within_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  master_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  exercised_VBN  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  shall_VM  comprise_VV0  the_AT1  lands_NNS  forming_VBG  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  following_JJ  area_NN  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  an_AT1  area_NN  lying_VBG  within_IO  a_AT1  limit_NN  commencing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  at_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  shore_NN  of_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  forty_MC  feet_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  breakwater_NN  (_(  work_NN  \0no_NN  2_MC  )_)  on_IO  true_JJ  bearing_NN  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  eighty_MC  degrees_NNS  thence_RR  proceeding_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  straight_JJ  line_NN  across_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  or_CC  the_AT1  sea_NN  and_CC  foreshore_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  on_IO  true_JJ  bearing_NN  fifty-four_MC  degrees_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  thousand_MC  three_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  thirty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereby_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  at_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  shore_NN  of_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  thence_RR  proceeding_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  southerly_JJ  direction_NN  along_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  shore_NN  of_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  passing_VBG  the_AT1  tidal_JJ  basin_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  and_CC  thence_RR  generally_RR  south-westward_RR  again_RR  along_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  shore_NN  of_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  to_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  pier_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  small_JJ  boat_NN  harbour_NN  thence_RR  following_VBG  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  piers_NNS  and_CC  quays_NNS  forming_VBG  the_AT1  existing_JJ  small_JJ  boat_NN  harbour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  new_JJ  harbour_NN  works_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  breakwater_NN  and_CC  thence_RR  along_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  shore_NN  of_IO  Symbister_NP  Bay_NNL1  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  commencement_NN  which_DDQ  limits_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  termed_VBN    the_AT1  harbour_NN  limits_NNS    .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  limits_NNS  within_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  to_TO  levy_VV0  rates_NNS  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  exercised_VBN  shall_VM  comprise_VV0  the_AT1  harbour_NN  limits_NNS  and_CC  such_DA  limits_NNS  shall_VM  be_VB0  construed_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  of_IO  Nesting_NP  Lunnasting_NP  Whalsay_NP  and_CC  Skerries_NP  and_CC  wholly_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  for_IO  all_DB  purposes_NNS  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  map_NN  or_CC  plan_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  harbour_NN  limits_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  four_MC  copies_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  signed_VBN  by_IO  Colin_NP  Neil_NP  Fraser_NP  \0Q.C_NNSB1  Counsel_NNSB1  to_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  legislation_NN  procedure_NN  (_(  Scotland_NP  )_)  act_NN  1936_MC  shall_VM  within_IO  one_MC1  month_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  commencement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  be_VB0  deposited_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  two_MC  copies_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  one_MC1  copy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sheriff_NN  clerk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  copy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  clerk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  case_NN  of_IO  any_DD  discrepancy_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  delineated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  map_NN  or_CC  plan_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  limits_NNS  described_VBN  in_IO  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  the_AT1  said_JJ  map_NN  or_CC  plan_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  deemed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  correct_JJ  and_CC  shall_VM  prevail_VV0  .  
  part_NN  5_MC  .  
  works_NNS  and_CC  powers_NNS  .  
  17_MC  .  
  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  and_CC  also_RR  subject_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  alterations_NNS  (_(  if_CS  any_DD  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  plans_NNS  and_CC  sections_NNS  deposited_VBN  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  may_VM  require_VV0  before_IO  completion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  may_VM  on_IO  the_AT1  lands_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  them_PPHO1  or_CC  acquired_VBN  under_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  and_CC  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  levels_NNS  and_CC  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  deviation_NN  shown_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  plans_NNS  and_CC  sections_NNS  make_VV0  and_CC  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  works_NNS  .  
  18_MC  .  
  the_AT1  works_NNS  authorised_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  situated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  of_IO  Nesting_NP  Lunnasting_NP  Whalsay_NP  and_CC  Skerries_NP  and_CC  county_NN  of_IO  Zetland_NP  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  and_CC  bed_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  adjacent_JJ  thereto_RR  and_CC  are_VBR    work_NN  \0no_NN  1_MC1  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  access_NN  roadway_NN  thirty_MC  feet_NNS  wide_JJ  commencing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  twenty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  north-west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pier_NN  and_CC  extending_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  northerly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  twenty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  commencement_NN  ;_;  work_NN  \0no_NN  2_MC  a_AT1  reclamation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  quay_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  infilling_NN  levelling_NN  and_CC  surfacing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  thereof_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  structure_NN  commencing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  approximately_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  north-west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pier_NN  and_CC  extending_VBG  seawards_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  north-easterly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  sixty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  thence_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  north-westerly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  thence_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  south-westerly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  ten_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  and_CC  thence_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  south-easterly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  forty_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  and_CC  comprising_VBG  an_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  five_MC  thousand_MC  seven_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  thirty-one_MC  square_JJ  yards_NNS  ;_;  work_NN  \0no_NN  3_MC  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  breakwater_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  structure_NN  commencing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  foreshore_NN  four_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  ninety_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  north-west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pier_NN  and_CC  extending_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  north-easterly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  four_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  ten_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  commencement_NN  ;_;  work_NN  \0no_NN  4_MC  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pier_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  work_NN  structure_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  wave_NN  screen_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  seaward_JB  face_NN  commencing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  termination_NN  of_IO  work_NN  \0no_NN  3_MC  and_CC  extending_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  easterly_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  thereabouts_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  commencement_NN  .  
  19_MC  .  
  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  in_IO  constructing_VBG  the_AT1  works_NNS  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  may_VM  deviate_VV0  laterally_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  thereof_RR  as_CS  shown_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  plans_NNS  to_IO  any_DD  extent_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  deviation_NN  marked_VBN  thereon_RR  and_CC  may_VM  deviate_VV0  vertically_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  levels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  shown_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  sections_NNS  to_IO  any_DD  extent_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  five_MC  feet_NNS  upwards_RR  and_CC  to_IO  any_DD  extent_NN  downwards_RR  :_:  provided_CS  that_CS  deviation_NN  either_LE  lateral_JJ  or_CC  vertical_JJ  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  made_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  consent_NN  in_IO  writing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  20_MC  .  
  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  may_VM  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  erect_VV0  construct_VV0  and_CC  maintain_VV0  whether_CS  temporarily_RR  or_CC  permanently_RR  all_DB  such_DA  necessary_JJ  works_NNS  and_CC  conveniences_NNS  as_CS  may_VM  be_VB0  requisite_JJ  or_CC  expedient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  or_CC  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  maintenance_NN  and_CC  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  .  
  21_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  may_VM  within_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  limits_NNS  rebuild_VV0  maintain_VV0  repair_VV0  renew_VV0  widen_VV0  alter_VV0  improve_VV0  restore_VV0  reconstruct_VV0  and_CC  extend_VV0  the_AT1  harbour_NN  undertaking_NN  and_CC  may_VM  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  erect_VV0  construct_VV0  and_CC  maintain_VV0  whether_CS  temporarily_RR  or_CC  permanently_RR  all_DB  necessary_JJ  ancillary_JJ  works_NNS  apparatus_NN  and_CC  conveniences_NNS  and_CC  may_VM  also_RR  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  lay_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  maintain_VV0  rails_NNS  tramways_NNS  and_CC  turntables_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  rails_NNS  or_CC  tramway_NN  constructed_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  conveyance_NN  of_IO  passengers_NNS  unless_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  certified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  be_VB0  fit_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  purpose_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  any_DD  electric_JJ  light_NN  and_CC  power_NN  or_CC  other_DA  apparatus_NN  constructed_VBN  and_CC  maintained_VBN  under_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  so_RR  constructed_VBN  used_VBN  and_CC  maintained_VVD  as_CS  to_TO  prevent_VV0  any_DD  interference_NN  with_IO  any_DD  telegraphic_JJ  line_NN  (_(  as_CS  defined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  telegraph_NN  act_NN  1878_MC  )_)  belonging_VBG  to_IO  or_CC  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Postmaster-General_NNSB1  or_CC  with_IO  telegraphic_JJ  communication_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  any_DD  such_DA  line_NN  .  
  22_MC  .  
  any_DD  person_NN  who_PNQS wilfully_RR  obstructs_VBZ  any_DD  person_NN  acting_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  in_IO  setting_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  or_CC  who_PNQS pulls_VBZ  up_RP  or_CC  removes_VBZ  any_DD  poles_NNS  or_CC  stakes_NNS  driven_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  such_DA  setting_NN  out_RP  shall_VM  be_VB0  guilty_JJ  of_IO  an_AT1  offence_NN  and_CC  shall_VM  be_VB0  liable_JJ  on_IO  summary_JJ  conviction_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  fine_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  ten_MC  pounds_NNS  and_CC  shall_VM  in_IO  addition_NN  be_VB0  liable_JJ  to_TO  repay_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  any_DD  expenses_NNS  incurred_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  making_VBG  good_JJ  such_DA  damage_NN  .  
  23_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  works_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  substantially_RR  commenced_VBN  within_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  commencement_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  or_CC  such_DA  extended_JJ  time_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  may_VM  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  by_IO  order_NN  direct_VV0  the_AT1  said_JJ  powers_NNS  shall_VM  cease_VV0  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  after_IO  having_VHG  been_VBN  substantially_RR  commenced_VBN  is_VBZ  virtually_RR  suspended_VBN  for_IO  twelve_MC  consecutive_JJ  months_NNS  the_AT1  said_JJ  powers_NNS  shall_VM  cease_VV0  except_CS  as_IO  to_II  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  works_NNS  as_CS  is_VBZ  then_RL  completed_VBN  unless_CS  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  by_IO  order_NN  directs_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  said_JJ  powers_NNS  continue_VV0  and_CC  remain_VV0  in_IO  force_NN  but_CCB  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  provision_NN  as_IO  to_II  completion_NN  the_AT1  said_JJ  powers_NNS  shall_VM  cease_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  event_NN  within_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  commencement_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  certificate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  works_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  substantially_RR  commenced_VBN  or_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  virtually_RR  suspended_VBN  for_IO  twelve_MC  consecutive_JJ  months_NNS  shall_VM  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  be_VB0  conclusive_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  stated_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  certificate_NN  .  
  24_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  under_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  construct_VV0  renew_VV0  extend_VV0  or_CC  alter_VV0  any_DD  works_NNS  on_IO  in_IO  under_IO  or_CC  over_IO  tidal_JJ  waters_NNS  or_CC  tidal_JJ  lands_NNS  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  except_CS  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  plans_NNS  and_CC  sections_NNS  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  and_CC  subject_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  restrictions_NNS  and_CC  regulations_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  may_VM  prescribe_VV0  before_CS  such_DA  work_NN  is_VBZ  begun_VBN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  such_DA  work_NN  is_VBZ  commenced_VBN  or_CC  completed_VBN  contrary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  may_VM  abate_VV0  and_CC  remove_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  and_CC  restore_VV0  the_AT1  site_NN  thereof_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  former_DA  condition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  such_DA  cost_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  debt_NN  due_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  and_CC  shall_VM  be_VB0  recoverable_JJ  accordingly_RR  .  
  25_MC  .  
  if_CS  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  deems_VBZ  it_PPH1  expedient_JJ  to_TO  order_VV0  a_AT1  survey_NN  and_CC  examination_NN  of_IO  any_DD  work_NN  constructed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  on_IO  in_IO  under_IO  or_CC  over_IO  tidal_JJ  waters_NNS  or_CC  tidal_JJ  lands_NNS  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  proposed_VBN  to_TO  construct_VV0  any_DD  such_DA  work_NN  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  shall_VM  defray_VV0  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  and_CC  examination_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  thereof_RR  shall_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  debt_NN  due_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  and_CC  shall_VM  be_VB0  recoverable_JJ  accordingly_RR  .  
  26_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  where_CS any_DD  work_NN  constructed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  order_NN  wholly_RR  or_CC  partially_RR  on_IO  in_IO  under_IO  or_CC  over_IO  tidal_JJ  waters_NNS  or_CC  tidal_JJ  lands_NNS  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  is_VBZ  abandoned_VBN  or_CC  suffered_VBN  to_TO  fall_VV0  into_IO  decay_NN  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  may_VM  by_IO  notice_NN  in_IO  writing_NN  either_LE  require_VV0  the_AT1  County_NNL1  council_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  expense_NN  to_TO  repair_VV0  and_CC  restore_VV0  such_DA  part_NN  of_IO  such_DA  work_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  situated_VBN  below_IO  high-water_JB  mark_NN  or_CC  any_DD  portion_NN  thereof_RR  or_CC  require_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  abate_VV0  or_CC  remove_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  and_CC  restore_VV0  the_AT1  site_NN  thereof_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  former_DA  condition_NN  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extent_NN  and_CC  within_IO  such_DA  limits_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  may_VM  think_VV0  proper_JJ  .  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Denmark_NP  relating_VBG  to_IO  trade_NN  and_CC  commerce_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  Denmark_NP  ;_;  desiring_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  provision_NN  for_IO  continuing_VBG  in_IO  force_NN  with_IO  certain_JJ  modifications_NNS  ,_,  primarily_RR  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  to_TO  apply_VV0  as_IO  from_II  1st_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1956_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  tariff_NN  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ad_&FW  valorem_&FW  on_IO  imports_NNS  of_IO  bacon_NN  from_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  24th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1933_MC  ;_;  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:    
  article_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  24th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1933_MC  ,_,  (_(  hereinafter_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO    the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN    )_)  as_CS  modified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  shall_VM  continue_VV0  in_IO  force_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  currency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  .  
  article_NN  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  is_VBZ  amended_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:    
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  schedule_NN  the_AT1  item_NN    bacon_NN  .  free_JJ    is_VBZ  deleted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  following_NN  substituted_VBN  therefor_RR  :_:    
    bacon_NN  .  10_MC  %_NNU  ad_&FW  valorem_&FW  ,_,  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  shall_VM  suspend_VV0  such_DA  duty_NN  during_IO  any_DD  period_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  imports_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  of_IO  bacon_NN  from_IO  Denmark_NP  are_VBR  subject_JJ  to_IO  quantitative_JJ  restrictions_NNS  .    
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  paragraph_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  of_IO  article_NN  4_MC  the_AT1  words_NNS    for_IO  bacon_NN  and_CC  hams_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  allocation_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  less_DA  than_IO  62_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  permitted_JJ  imports_NNS  from_IO  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS    are_VBR  deleted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  following_NN  substituted_VBN  therefor_RR  :_:    
    there_EX  shall_VM  be_VB0  allocated_VBN  to_IO  Denmark_NP  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  percentage_NN  shares_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  foreign_JJ  quotas_NNS  for_IO  bacon_NN  and_CC  for_IO  hams_NNS  ,_,  respectively_RR  permitted_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  imported_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  :_:    
  for_IO  bacon_NN  .  68.95_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  for_IO  hams_NNS  .  0.4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU    .  
  article_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  shall_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  effect_NN  as_IO  from_II  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  entry_NN  into_IO  force_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  :_:    
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  supplementary_JJ  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  21st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1938_MC  ,_,  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  already_RR  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  13th_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1949_MC  ,_,  ceased_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  effect_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  13th_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1949_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  notes_NNS  exchanged_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  date_NN  .  
  article_NN  4_MC  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  both_DB2  governments_NNS  are_VBR  contracting_JJ  parties_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  article_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  article_NN  2_MC  (_(  except_CS  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  relate_VV0  to_IO  bacon_NN  )_)  and_CC  sub-paragraph_NN  2_MC  of_IO  article_NN  7_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  inoperative_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  sub-paragraph_NN  2_MC  of_IO  article_NN  9_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  shall_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  inoperative_JJ  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  both_DB2  governments_NNS  are_VBR  contracting_JJ  parties_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Denmark_NP  is_VBZ  applying_VBG  the_AT1  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  Greenland_NP  .  
  article_NN  5_MC  .  
  nothing_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  as_CS  modified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  shall_VM    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  require_VV0  either_LE  government_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  contrary_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  obligations_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  subject_JJ  under_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  prevent_VV0  either_LE  government_NN  from_IO  restricting_VBG  quantities_NNS  or_CC  value_NN  of_IO  imports_NNS  into_IO  its_APP$  territory_NN  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extent_NN  as_CS  may_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  safeguard_VV0  its_APP$  external_JJ  financial_JJ  position_NN  and_CC  balance_NN  of_IO  payments_NNS  .  
  article_NN  6_MC  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  as_CS  modified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  term_NN    foreign_NC2  country_NC2    means_VBZ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  any_DD  country_NN  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  annex_NN  A_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  tariffs_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  term_NN    total_NC2  foreign_NC2  quota_NC2    means_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commodity_NN  in_IO  question_NN  comprised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  specific_JJ  allocations_NNS  of_IO  permitted_JJ  imports_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  distributed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  percentage_NN  basis_NN  among_IO  specified_JJ  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  include_VV0  imports_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  permitted_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  fixed_VBN  for_IO    insignificant_JJ    suppliers_NNS  ;_;  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  any_DD  reference_NN  to_IO  regulation_NN  of_IO  imports_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  relates_VBZ  to_IO  regulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  quantities_NNS  of_IO  imports_NNS  only_RR  ;_;  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  expression_NN    from_NC2  Denmark_NC2    in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  agricultural_JJ  products_NNS  means_VBZ    produced_VBN  or_CC  manufactured_VBN  in_IO  Denmark_NP    ;_;  (_(  e_ZZ1  )_)  any_DD  reference_NN  to_IO  imports_NNS  of_IO  fish_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  from_IO  Denmark_NP  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  fish_NNS  landed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  direct_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  by_IO  Danish_JJ  vessels_NNS  ;_;  (_(  f_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  term_NN    United_NC2  Kingdom_NC2    means_VBZ  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  Islands_NPLS  and_CC  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  .  
  article_NN  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  ratified_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  instruments_NNS  of_IO  ratification_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  exchanged_VBN  at_IO  London_NP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  shall_VM  come_VV0  into_IO  force_NN  immediately_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  exchange_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  instruments_NNS  of_IO  ratification_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  terminated_VBN  by_IO  either_LE  government_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  six_MC  months'_NN2  notice_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  government_NN  ,_,  provided_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  shall_VM  in_IO  any_DD  event_NN  not_XX  terminate_NN  before_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  in_IO  witness_NN  whereof_CS the_AT1  undersigned_JJ  ,_,  being_VBG  duly_RR  authorised_VBN  thereto_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  signed_VBN  the_AT1  present_JJ  agreement_NN  .  
  done_VBN  in_IO  duplicate_NN  at_IO  London_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  eighteenth_MD  day_NN  of_IO  November_NN1  ,_,  one_MC1  thousand_MC  nine_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty-seven_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  and_CC  Danish_JJ  languages_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  texts_NNS  being_VBG  equally_RR  authoritative_JJ  .  
  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  .  
  Steensen-Leth_NP  .  
  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  notes_NNS  .  
  \0no_NN  1_MC1  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  at_IO  London_NP  .  
  your_APP$  excellency_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Denmark_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  resulted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  signature_NN  to-day_NN1  of_IO  a_AT1  trade_NN  agreement_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  indicated_VVD  that_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  assurance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  that_CS  the_AT1  agreement_NN  concerning_IO  arrangements_NNS  respecting_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long-term_JB  agreement_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  bacon_NN  ,_,  as_CS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  agreed_JJ  minute_NN  and_CC  exchange_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  27th_MD  of_IO  February_NN1  ,_,  1956_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  still_RR  valid_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  honour_NN  to_TO  inform_VV0  your_APP$  excellency_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  that_CS  nothing_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  concluded_VBN  to-day_NN1  involves_VBZ  any_DD  amendment_NN  or_CC  limitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  of_IO  either_LE  party_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  agreed_JJ  minute_NN  and_CC  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  letters_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  also_RR  asked_VVD  for_IO  confirmation_NN  that_CS  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  article_NN  3_MC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  concluded_VBN  to-day_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  termination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  protocols_NNS  ,_,  agreements_NNS  and_CC  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  notes_NNS  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  article_NN  4_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  of_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  1949_MC  ,_,  will_VM  still_RR  have_VH0  effect_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  inform_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,  &_CC  c_ZZ1  .  
  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  .  
  \0no_NN  1_MC1  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Danish_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  at_IO  London_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  .  
  sir_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  honour_NN  to_TO  acknowledge_VV0  receipt_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  note_NN  nd_ZZ1  115/12_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  of_IO  November_NN1  confirming_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  that_CS  nothing_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  agreement_NN  concluded_VBN  to-day_NN1  involves_VBZ  any_DD  amendment_NN  or_CC  limitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  of_IO  either_LE  party_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  agreed_JJ  minute_NN  and_CC  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  letters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  27th_MD  of_IO  February_NN1  ,_,  1956_MC  ,_,  concerning_IO  arrangements_NNS  respecting_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long-term_JB  agreement_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  bacon_NN  .  
  part_NN  1_MC1  .  
  powers_NNS  of_IO  courts_NNS  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  .  
  borstal_NN  training_NN  and_CC  imprisonment_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  age_NN  at_IO  conviction_NN  which_DDQ  qualifies_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  under_IO  section_NN  twenty_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  justice_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1948_MC  ,_,  shall_VM  be_VB0  fifteen_MC  instead_RR  of_IO  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  section_NN  twenty_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  convicted_VBN  as_CS  therein_RR  mentioned_VBN  shall_VM  be_VB0  exercisable_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  where_CS the_AT1  court_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  opinion_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  offence_NN  and_CC  after_IO  taking_VBG  into_IO  account_NN  the_AT1  offender's_NN1$  character_NN  and_CC  previous_JJ  conduct_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expedient_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  detained_VBN  for_IO  training_NN  for_IO  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  :_:  provided_CS  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  sentence_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  passed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  under_IO  seventeen_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  conviction_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  court_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  opinion_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  other_DA  method_NN  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  is_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  before_IO  passing_VBG  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  offender_NN  of_IO  any_DD  age_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  court_NN  shall_VM  consider_VV0  any_DD  report_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  or_CC  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  Commissioners_NNSB2  ,_,  and_CC  section_NN  thirty-seven_MC  of_IO  this_DD1  act_NN  shall_VM  apply_VV0  accordingly_RR  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  apply_VV0  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  committal_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  under_IO  section_NN  twenty-eight_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  magistrates'_NN2  courts_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  sentence_NN  under_IO  section_NN  twenty_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  justice_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1948_MC  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  subsections_NNS  (_(  7_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  8_MC  )_)  of_IO  section_NN  twenty_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  justice_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1948_MC  ,_,  and_CC  subsections_NNS  (_(  2_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  of_IO  section_NN  twenty-eight_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  magistrates'_NN2  courts_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  shall_VM  cease_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  effect_NN  .  
  2_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  subsection_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  of_IO  section_NN  fifty-three_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  young_JJ  persons_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1933_MC  (_(  which_DDQ  provides_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  detention_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  specified_JJ  period_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  or_CC  young_JJ  persons_NNS  convicted_VBN  on_IO  indictment_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  grave_JJ  crimes_NNS  therein_RR  mentioned_VBN  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  from_IO    an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  murder_VV0    to_IO    grievous_JJ  bodily_JJ  harm_NN    there_EX  shall_VM  be_VB0  substituted_VBN  the_AT1  words_NNS    any_DD  offence_NN  punishable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adult_NN  with_IO  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  more_DA  ,_,  not_XX  being_VBG  an_AT1  offence_NN  the_AT1  sentence_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  fixed_VBN  by_IO  law_NN    .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  section_NN  seventeen_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  criminal_JJ  justice_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1948_MC  (_(  which_DDQ  precludes_VBZ  a_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  assize_NN  or_CC  quarter_NN  sessions_NNS  from_IO  imposing_VBG  imprisonment_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  under_IO  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS    fifteen_MC  years_NNS    there_EX  shall_VM  be_VB0  substituted_VBN  the_AT1  words_NNS    seventeen_MC  years_NNS    .  
  3_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  without_IO  prejudice_NN  to_IO  any_DD  other_DA  enactment_NN  prohibiting_VBG  or_CC  restricting_VBG  the_AT1  imposition_NN  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  on_IO  persons_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  age_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  passed_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  court_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  which_DDQ  qualify_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  except_IO    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  six_MC  months_NNS  ;_;  or_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  (_(  where_CS the_AT1  court_NN  has_VHZ  power_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  sentence_NN  )_)  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  apply_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  serving_VBG  a_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  court_NN  passes_VBZ  sentence_NN  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  subsection_NN  a_AT1  person_NN  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  imprisonment_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  recalled_VBN  or_CC  returned_VBN  to_IO  prison_NN  after_IO  being_VBG  released_VBN  subject_JJ  to_IO  supervision_NN  or_CC  on_IO  licence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  released_VBN  again_RR  or_CC  discharged_VBN  ,_,  shall_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_CS  serving_VBG  the_AT1  sentence_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  served_VBN  a_AT1  previous_JJ  sentence_NN  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  previous_JJ  sentence_NN  of_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  ,_,  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  have_VH0  effect_NN  as_CS  if_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  there_EX  were_VBDR  substituted_VBN  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  subsection_NN  a_AT1  person_NN  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  borstal_NN  training_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG  served_VBN  the_AT1  sentence_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  released_VBN  subject_JJ  to_IO  supervision_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  subsequently_RR  been_VBN  recalled_VBN  or_CC  returned_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  borstal_NN  institution_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  affect_VV0  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  consecutive_JJ  sentences_NNS  by_IO  magistrates'_NN2  courts_NNS  ,_,  shall_VM  have_VH0  effect_NN  notwithstanding_IO  anything_PN1  in_IO  section_NN  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  eight_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  magistrates'_NN2  courts_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  (_(  which_DDQ  authorised_VVD  such_DA  courts_NNS  in_IO  specified_JJ  circumstances_NNS  to_TO  impose_VV0  consecutive_JJ  sentences_NNS  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  totalling_VBG  more_DA  than_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  )_)  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  her_APP$  majesty_NN  may_VM  by_IO  order_NN  in_IO  council_NN  direct_VV0  that_CS  paragraph_NN  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  repealed_VBN  ,_,  either_LE  generally_RR  or_CC  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  relates_VBZ  to_IO  persons_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  male_JJ  or_CC  female_JJ  persons_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  any_DD  age_NN  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  :_:  provided_CS  that_CS    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  an_AT1  order_NN  in_IO  council_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  made_VBN  under_IO  this_DD1  subsection_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  is_VBZ  satisfied_VBN  that_CS  sufficient_JJ  accommodation_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  in_IO  detention_NN  centres_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  of_IO  offenders_NNS  for_IO  whom_WPO  such_DA  accommodation_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  required_VBN  in_IO  consequence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  no_AT1  recommendation_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  majesty_NN  in_IO  council_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  order_NN  under_IO  this_DD1  subsection_NN  unless_CS  a_AT1  draft_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  laid_VBN  before_IO  parliament_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  approved_VBN  by_IO  resolution_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  House_NNL1  of_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  detention_NN  centre_NN  and_CC  remand_NN  home_NN1  .  
  4_MC  .    (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  where_CS a_AT1  court_NN  has_VHZ  power_NN  ,_,  or_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  power_NN  but_IO  for_II  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  restrictions_NNS  upon_IO  the_AT1  imprisonment_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  offenders_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  pass_VV0  sentence_NN  of_IO  imprisonment_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  offender_NN  under_IO  twenty-one_MC  but_CCB  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  court_NN  may_VM  ,_,  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  ,_,  order_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  detained_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  detention_NN  centre_NN  .  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  means_VBZ  by_IO    large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .    
  for_IO  all_DB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  geographical_JJ  area_NN  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  may_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  the_AT1  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  \0hon_NNSB1  member_NN  for_IO  Exeter_NP  plays_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  knock_VV0  down_RP  one_MC1  cottage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  Dartmoor_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  removing_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  slums_NNS  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  area_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  means_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO    large_JJ  part_NN    ,_,  areas_NNS  where_CS people_NNS  are_VBR  living_VBG  in_IO  great_JJ  concentrations_NNS  of_IO  population_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  areas_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  keeping_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programme_NN  represent_VV0  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  unfit_JJ  houses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  figures_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  quoted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  relating_VBG  to_IO  50_MC  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  behindhand_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  programmes_NNS  ,_,  included_VVD  authorities_NNS  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  great_JJ  industrial_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  talks_VBZ  about_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  being_VBG  solved_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  merely_RR  noting_VBG  that_CS  in_IO  Torquay_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  41_MC  out_RP  of_IO  42_MC  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  demolished_VBN  in_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  figures_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  industrial_JJ  areas_NNS  the_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  completely_RR  different_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  is_VBZ  entitled_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  solely_RR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  slum_NN  clearance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  partnership_NN  between_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  when_CS things_NNS  go_VV0  well_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  hear_VV0  much_DA  about_IO  the_AT1  contributions_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  about_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS things_NNS  go_VV0  badly_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  slow_JJ  completion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  first_MD  priority_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  one_MC1  reason_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  shortage_NN  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  1957_MC  ,_,  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  technical_JJ  staffs_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  housing_NN  departments_NNS  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  then_RL  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  suddenly_RR  faced_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  cut_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  programmes_NNS  ,_,  imposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  turn_VV0  away_RP  their_APP$  technical_JJ  staffs_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS found_VVD  work_NN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  once_CS  an_AT1  establishment_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  arrived_VBN  at_IO  for_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  certain_JJ  programme_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  government_NN  interference_NN  causes_VBZ  frequent_JJ  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  that_DD1  programme_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  alarming_JJ  things_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  said_VVD  was_VBDZ  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  put_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  \0hon_NNSB1  friend_NN  the_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  Oldham_NP  ,_,  East_NP  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mapp_NP  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  recruitment_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  staff_NN  improved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  engagement_NN  of_IO  staffs_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  completed_VVD  their_APP$  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rather_RR  nasty_JJ  shock_NN  for_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  hoping_VBG  that_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  completed_VBN  their_APP$  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programmes_NNS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  other_DA  necessary_JJ  programmes_NNS    perhaps_RR  to_TO  increase_VV0  their_APP$  programmes_NNS  for_IO  houses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  disabled_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  expand_VV0  their_APP$  programme_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  for_IO  general_JJ  needs_NNS  .  
  by_IO  his_APP$  answer_NN  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  that_CS  when_CS local_JJ  authorities_NNS  completed_VVD  their_APP$  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programme_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  cut_VV0  down_RP  their_APP$  programmes_NNS  for_IO  other_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  house_NN  building_NN  to_TO  force_VV0  the_AT1  transference_NN  of_IO  technical_JJ  staffs_NNS  to_IO  those_DD2  areas_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  still_RR  to_TO  complete_VV0  their_APP$  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  difficulty_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  land_NN  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  House_NNL1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  aspects_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  special_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  areas_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excessive_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  land_NN  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  much_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  in_IO  areas_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  land_NN  is_VBZ  abnormal_JJ  the_AT1  price_NN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  enormously_RR  .  
  my_APP$  constituency_NN  of_IO  Widnes_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  industrial_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  Lancashire_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  developing_VBG  very_RG  rapidly_RR  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  although_CS  only_RR  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  *+500_NNU  an_AT1  acre_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  a_AT1  fairly_RR  stiff_JJ  price_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  compulsory_JJ  purchase_NN  orders_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  made_VBN  that_DD1  local_JJ  authority_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paying_VBG  over_RR  *+7,000_NNU  an_AT1  acre_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  some_DD  measure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  obstacles_NNS  which_DDQ  face_VV0  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  its_APP$  slum_NN  clearance_NN  programme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  rate_NN  affects_VBZ  both_DB2  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  increased_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  building_NN  .  
  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  are_VBR  caught_VBN  both_DB2  ways_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  caught_VBN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  normal_JJ  costs_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  any_DD  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  means_VBZ  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  rents_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  also_RR  caught_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  excessive_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  auxiliary_JJ  services_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  building_NN  cost_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  connection_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  issued_VVD  some_DD  interesting_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  propose_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  rather_RR  than_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  because_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  presume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  figures_NNS  are_VBR  fairly_RR  accurate_JJ  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  of_IO  3_MC  3/4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  about_RR  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  works_NNS  loan_NN  board_NN  rate_NN  in_IO  1950_MC    is_VBZ  compared_VBN  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  6_MC  1/8_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  5_MC  3/4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loan_NN  charges_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  costing_VBG  *+1,500_NNU  is_VBZ  about_RR  *+32_NNU  5_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  that_DD1  may_VM  not_XX  seem_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  enough_DD  to_TO  knock_VV0  out_RP  even_RR  a_AT1  *+24_NNU  subsidy_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  ten_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  government_NN  have_VH0  really_RR  not_XX  been_VBN  paying_VBG  any_DD  subsidy_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  increasing_VBG  costs_NNS  by_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  on_IO  loans_NNS  while_CS  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  subsidies_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1  figure_NN  not_XX  nearly_RR  enough_DD  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  extra_JJ  costs_NNS  caused_VBN  thereby_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  unhappy_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  slum_NN  clearance_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  obstacles_NNS  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  either_LE  directly_RR  or_CC  indirectly_RR  ,_,  by_IO  government_NN  policy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  current_JJ  estimates_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  estimates_NNS  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  paid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  subsidy_NN  for_IO  expensive_JJ  sites_NNS  rose_VVD  very_RG  drastically_RR  .  
  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  more_RG  expensive_JJ  land_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  used_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  were_VBDR  having_VHG  to_TO  pay_VV0  expensive_JJ  site_NN  subsidies_NNS  on_IO  ordinary_JJ  land_NN  in_IO  areas_NNS  where_CS no_AT1  such_DA  subsidy_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  paid_VBN  before_II  .  
  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  alternative_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  estimates_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  now_RL  turn_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  overspill_NN  ,_,  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  happening_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  engaging_JJ  peculiarities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  housing_NN  return_NN  gives_VBZ  figures_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  rehousing_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  from_IO  overspill_NN  areas_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  careful_JJ  never_RR  to_TO  give_VV0  any_DD  such_DA  figures_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  happening_VBG  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  reckoned_VVD  that_CS  about_RR  2_MC  million_MC  people_NNS  were_VBDR  required_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  that_DD1  meant_VVD  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  over_RR  500,000_MC  houses_NNS  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  information_NN  is_VBZ  married_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  estimate_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  former_DA  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN    the_AT1  present_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  commonwealth_NN  relations_NNS    that_CS  20,000_MC  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  needed_VBN  annually_RR  for_IO  overspill_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  that_DD1  envisages_VBZ  a_AT1  programme_NN  lasting_VBG  for_IO  about_RR  twenty-five_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  long-term_JB  project_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  new_JJ  town_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  figures_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  related_VVD  to_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  showed_VVD  that_CS  under_RR  10,000_MC  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  provided_VBN  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  overspill_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  since_II  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  things_NNS  have_VH0  got_VBN  worse_JJ  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   now_RL  consider_VV0  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman's_NN1$  attitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  form_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  to_TO    come_VV0  clean_JJ    on_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  he_PPHO1  intended_VVD  to_TO  build_VV0  any_DD  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  evasive_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  debate_NN  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  rule_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  other_DA  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposition_NN  to_TO  suggest_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  new_JJ  towns_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  solution_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  never_RR  addressed_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  speech_NN  ,_,  to_IO  where_CS these_DD2  new_JJ  towns_NNS  should_VM  go_VV0  .      
  (_(  official_JJ  report_NN  ,_,  18th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ;_;  \0Vol_NN  627_MC  ,_,  \0c_RR  56-7_MC-MC  .  )_)  
  if_CS  one_MC1  read_VVD  that_DD1  statement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0    and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  most_DA  people_NNS  assumed_VVD    that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  intending_VBG  to_TO  provide_VV0  any_DD  new_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  because_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  sites_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  because_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  considered_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  were_VBDR  implored_VBN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  to_TO  provide_VV0  compensation_NN  for_IO  redundancy_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  glimmer_NN  of_IO  hope_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  employed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  corporations_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  get_VV0  employment_NN  in_IO  other_DA  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  would_VM  say_VV0  was_VBDZ  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  were_VBDR  completed_VBN  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  openings_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  administration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  at_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  prepared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  any_DD  hope_NN  that_CS  other_DA  new_JJ  towns_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  would_VM  not_XX  pay_VV0  compensation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  made_VBN  redundant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  demoralising_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  was_VBDZ  deplorable_JJ  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  faced_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  jobs_NNS  coming_VBG  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  people_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  younger_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  most_DA  hope_NN  in_IO  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  back_RP  into_IO  either_LE  other_DA  aspects_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  service_NN  or_CC  into_IO  private_JJ  enterprise_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  every_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  because_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  their_APP$  jobs_NNS  would_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  and_CC  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  see_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  any_DD  alternative_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  employment_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  now_RL  .  
  in_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  preliminary_JJ  plan_NN  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  for_IO  Lancashire_NP  ,_,  to_TO  include_VV0  Parbold_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  plan_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  submitted_VBN  in_IO  1956_MC  ,_,  Skelmersdale_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  approximately_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  designated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Lancashire_NP  County_NNL1  council_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  area_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  1956_MC  plan_NN  .  
  as_RG  late_RR  as_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  sites_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  within_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  approve_VV0  Skelmersdale_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  .  
  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  more_RG  crazy_JJ  .  
  could_VM  anything_PN1  be_VB0  more_RG  crazy_JJ  than_CS  to_TO  demoralise_VV0  the_AT1  staff_NN  ,_,  to_TO  break_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  morale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corporations_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  do_VD0  all_DB  one_MC1  can_VM  to_TO  create_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  towns_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  dying_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  has_VHZ  successfully_RR  done_VBN  that_DD1  ,_,  to_TO  resurrect_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  originally_RR  in_IO  1951_MC  and_CC  suddenly_RR  decide_VV0  to_TO  approve_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  Widnes_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reception_NN  area_NN  for_IO  Liverpool_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  vitally_RR  concerned_JJ  about_IO  whether_CS  new_JJ  towns_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  everybody_PN1  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  was_VBDZ  under_IO  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ministry_NN  had_VHD  decided_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  build_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  in_IO  Lancashire_NP  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  delighted_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  one_MC1  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  new_JJ  town_NN  ,_,  could_VM  there_EX  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  crazy_JJ  and_CC  incompetent_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  setting_NN  about_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  successful_JJ  new_JJ  town_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  adopted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  required_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  few_DA  new_JJ  towns_NNS  dotted_VBN  about_RP  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  required_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  determined_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  relocate_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  industry_NN  ,_,  away_RP  from_IO  London_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  South_NP  .  
  the_AT1  co-operative_JJ  permanent_JJ  building_NN  society_NN  sends_VBZ  out_RP  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  bulletin_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  lent_VBN  money_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  points_VBZ  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  property_NN  market_NN  during_IO  1960_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  marked_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  area_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  Counties_NPLS  .  behind_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  fairness_NN  and_CC  justice_NN  between_IO  child_NN  and_CC  child_NN  .  
  our_APP$  amendment_NN  merely_RR  carries_VBZ  this_DD1  conception_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  further_RRR  .  
  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  obtain_VV0  between_IO  non-graduates_NNS  and_CC  non-graduates_NNS  under_IO  different_JJ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  between_IO  the_AT1  students_NNS  who_PNQS come_VV0  under_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  and_CC  those_DD2  under_IO  clause_NN  2_MC  .  
  this_DD1  underlines_VBZ  what_DDQ  my_APP$  \0hon_NNSB1  friend_NN  the_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  Flint_NP  ,_,  East_NP  (_(  \0Mrs_NNSB1  White_NP  )_)  has_VHZ  said_VBN  about_IO  grants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  nothing_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  incomes_NNS  scale_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  grants_NNS  under_IO  this_DD1  clause_NN  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  assessed_VBN  .  
  surely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  grants_NNS  made_VBN  to_IO  students_NNS  once_CS  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  has_VHZ  said_VBN  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  pursue_VV0  their_APP$  further_JB  education_NN  ,_,  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  defensible_JJ  variations_NNS  between_IO  one_MC1  local_JJ  authority_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  .  
  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  talk_NN  about_IO  major_JJ  and_CC  minor_JJ  awards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  wiped_VBN  out_RP  that_DD1  foolish_JJ  stratification_NN  .  
  this_DD1  clause_NN  if_CS  unamended_JJ  permits_VBZ  the_AT1  widest_JJT  variation_NN  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  grants_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  point_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  so_RG  far_RR  emerged_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  debate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  regret_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  nothing_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  often_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  fight_VV0  a_AT1  battle_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  student_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  refused_VBN  a_AT1  grant_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  cases_NNS  both_DB2  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  and_CC  myself_PPX1  have_VH0  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  received_VBN  advice_NN  and_CC  information_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  has_VHZ  meant_VBN  usually_RR  that_CS  either_LE  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  has_VHZ  accepted_VBN  ministerial_JJ  advice_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  authority_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  or_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  accepted_VBN  it_PPH1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  local_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pattern_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  seeking_VBG  to_TO  establish_VV0  in_IO  legislation_NN  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1    permissive_JJ    powers_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  cases_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  ministry_NN  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  \0M.P_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  could_VM  still_RR  dig_VV0  its_APP$  heels_NNS  in_RP  and_CC  say_VV0  that_CS  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  ministry_NN  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  grant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  said_VVD  there_EX  are_VBR  practical_JJ  difficulties_NNS  about_IO  implementing_VBG  an_AT1  amendment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  suggested_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  include_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  courses_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  .  
  nobody_PN1  would_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  write_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  lectures_NNS  only_RR  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  referred_VVD  and_CC  behind_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  sheltered_VVD  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  envisage_VV0  in_IO  clause_NN  2_MC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  pattern_NN  as_CS  in_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  where_CS we_PPIS2  write_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  every_AT1  criterion_NN  ,_,  everything_PN1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  apply_VV0  nationally_RR  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  courses_NNS  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  talking_VBG  about_IO  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  defining_VBG  and_CC  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  putting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  .  
  on_IO  top_II  of_II  that_DD1  ,_,  clause_NN  1_MC1  (_(  4_MC  )_)  says_VBZ  :_:  
    without_IO  prejudice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  duty_NN  imposed_VBN  by_IO  subsection_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  local_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  shall_VM  have_VH0  power_NN  to_TO  bestow_VV0  an_AT1  award_NN  on_IO  any_DD  person_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  attendance_NN  .  .    
  in_IO  this_DD1  clause_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  write_VV0  in_RP  such_DA  a_AT1  provision_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leave_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  the_AT1  right_NN  and_CC  privilege_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  more_RG  generous_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  asking_VBG  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  set_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  regulations_NNS  the_AT1  many_DA  courses_NNS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  about_IO  which_DDQ  have_VH0  national_JJ  status_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  might_VM  describe_VV0  as_CS  having_VHG  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  national_JJ  status_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  student_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  calibre_NN  to_TO  pursue_VV0  a_AT1  course_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  ministry_NN  enacts_VBZ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  worthwhile_JJ  full-time_JB  course_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  shall_VM  receive_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  justice_NN  from_IO  Britain_NP  whatever_DDQ  authority_NN  he_PPHO1  happens_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  born_VBN  under_IO  .  
  11.15_MC  \0a.m_RR  .  
  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  worry_VV0  about_IO  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  had_VHD  looked_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  complaints_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  is_VBZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  swell_NN  of_IO  complaints_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  become_VBN  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  insistent_JJ  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  justice_NN  between_IO  student_NN  and_CC  student_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  is_VBZ  true_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  students_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  clause_NN  1_MC1  deals_VBZ  is_VBZ  true_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  other_DA  students_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  clause_NN  2_MC  deals_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  is_VBZ  asking_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  leave_VV0  everybody_PN1  ,_,  except_IO  first_MD  degree_NN  students_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  exactly_RR  the_AT1  position_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  before_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  share_VV0  the_AT1  passionate_JJ  view_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  my_APP$  \0hon_NNSB1  friend_NN  the_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  Flint_NP  ,_,  East_NP  showed_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  speech_NN  at_IO  our_APP$  last_DA  meeting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  ,_,  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  to_TO  persuade_VV0  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  to_TO  change_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Eirene_NP  White_NP  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  can_VM  suppose_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  his_APP$  answer_NN  today_NN1  he_PPHO1  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  raised_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  here_RL  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  corpus_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  going_VBG  to_IO  universities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  from_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  perfunctory_JJ  remarks_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  deliberations_NNS  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  that_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  and_CC  spell_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  really_RR  discussing_VBG  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  the_AT1  situation_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  quote_VV0  a_AT1  paragraph_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  circular_NN  5/61_MC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  present_JJ  practice_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  being_VBG  embodied_VBN  in_IO  statutory_JJ  form_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  paragraph_NN  9_MC  says_VBZ  :_:  
    applications_NNS  for_IO  awards_NNS  for_IO  university_NN  diploma_NN  or_CC  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
    non-graduates_NNS  taking_VBG  full-time_JB  university_NN  diploma_NN  or_CC  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  lasting_VBG  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  more_DA  should_VM  receive_VV0  awards_NNS  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  paragraph_NN  8_MC  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  above_II  .    
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  roughly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  .  
    awards_NNS  for_IO  other_DA  diploma_NN  or_CC  certificate_NN  courses_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  on_IO  their_APP$  merits_NNS  .    
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  said_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  circular_NN  about_IO  non-university_JB  and_CC  non-teacher_JB  training_NN  college_NN  students_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  speaking_VBG  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  taking_VBG  courses_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  university_NN  degree_NN  or_CC  comparable_JJ  to_IO  degree_NN  courses_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  group_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  circular_NN  mentions_VBZ  merely_RR  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  their_APP$  cases_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  on_IO  their_APP$  merits_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  guidance_NN  or_CC  direction_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS go_VV0  to_IO  universities_NNS  and_CC  who_PNQS take_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  social_JJ  science_NN  diploma_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  normally_RR  a_AT1  two-year_JB  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  three-year_JB  course_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  diploma_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  administration_NN  at_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  two-year_JB  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  three-year_JB  course_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  tens_MC2  and_CC  possibly_RR  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  students_NNS  taking_VBG  full-time_JB  courses_NNS  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  .  
  all_DB  those_DD2  are_VBR  being_VBG  dismissed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  if_CS  \0hon_NNSB1  members_NNS  have_VH0  any_DD  doubts_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  refer_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  my_APP$  \0hon_NNSB1  friend_NN  the_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  Southampton_NP  ,_,  Itchen_NP  (_(  \0Dr_NNSB1  King_NP  )_)  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  minor_JJ  awards_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  abolished_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sorry_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  .  
  certain_JJ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  have_VH0  abolished_VBN  minor_JJ  awards_NNS  for_IO  full-time_JB  education_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  all_DB  .  
  London_NP  County_NNL1  council_NN  reached_VVD  the_AT1  very_RG  proper_JJ  conclusion_NN  that_CS  minor_JJ  awards_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  suitable_JJ  for_IO  full-time_JB  students_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  has_VHZ  investigated_VBN  this_DD1  matter_NN  .  
  as_CS  all_DB  \0hon_NNSB1  members_NNS  are_VBR  aware_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  issues_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  useful_JJ  book_NN  on_IO  grants_NNS  to_IO  students_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  brings_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  every_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  sends_VBZ  to_IO  all_DB  education_NN  authorities_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  Islands_NPLS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  149_MC  .  
  the_AT1  union_NN  gets_VBZ  replies_NNS  from_IO  nearly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  quite_RR  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS replied_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  awards_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  to_IO  full-time_JB  students_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  18_MC  attending_VBG  technical_JJ  college_NN  courses_NNS  not_XX  of_IO  degree_NN  or_CC  equivalent_JJ  status_NN    in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  the_AT1  people_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  clause_NN  2_MC  deals_VBZ    the_AT1  union_NN  got_VVD  the_AT1  following_JJ  replies_NNS  :_:  67_MC  authorities_NNS  give_VV0  minor_JJ  awards_NNS  of_IO  varying_JJ  value_NN  and_CC  assessment_NN  ;_;  11_MC  give_VV0  major_JJ  awards_NNS  ;_;  13_MC  give_VV0  major_JJ  awards_NNS  dependent_JJ  on_IO  qualifications_NNS  ;_;  10_MC  base_VV0  their_APP$  awards_NNS  on_IO  costs_NNS  ;_;  11_MC  consider_VV0  each_DD1  case_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  merits_NNS  .  
  certain_JJ  authorities_NNS    I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  shame_VV0  them_PPHO1  by_IO  naming_VBG  them_PPHO1    give_VV0  no_AT1  awards_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  others_DA2  give_VV0  assistance_NN  only_RR  with_IO  travel_NN  costs_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  authority_NN  offers_VBZ  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  calls_VBZ  a_AT1  home_NN1  scholarship_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  year_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  student's_NN1$  attendance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  college_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  plain_JJ  from_IO  that_DD1  that_CS  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  authorities_NNS  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  students_NNS  taking_VBG  full-time_JB  courses_NNS  at_IO  universities_NNS  for_IO  less_DA  than_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  or_CC  at_IO  other_DA  institutions_NNS  of_IO  comparable_JJ  standard_NN  where_CS the_AT1  student_NN  is_VBZ  18_MC  or_CC  more_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN    and_CC  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   deal_VV0  only_RR  with_IO  that_DD1  group_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN    varies_VBZ  very_RG  widely_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  now_RL  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  difficulty_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  mentioned_VVD  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS goes_VBZ  for_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  lectures_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  who_PNQS takes_VBZ  up_RP  something_PN1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  a_AT1  hobby_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  now_RL  dealing_VBG  with_IO  those_DD2  taking_VBG  full-time_JB  courses_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  period_NN    say_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  academic_JJ  year_NN  .  
  many_DA  would_VM  be_VB0  taking_VBG  courses_NNS  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  perhaps_RR  for_IO  much_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  those_DD2  are_VBR  full-time_JB  students_NNS  pursuing_VBG  serious_JJ  studies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  practice_NN  among_IO  authorities_NNS  obviously_RR  varies_VBZ  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parental_JJ  means_NNS  scale_NN  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  dealt_VVD  fairly_RR  emphatically_RR  last_DA  week_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  did_VDD  not_XX  even_RR  mention_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  assess_VV0  parental_JJ  incomes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  give_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  information_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  collected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  union_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  quote_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  replies_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  received_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  concerns_VBZ  grants_NNS  current_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  year_NN  1961-62_MC-MC  for_IO  full-time_JB  students_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  18_MC  and_CC  attending_VBG  full-time_RR  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  ,_,  taking_VBG  courses_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  for_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  or_CC  of_IO  comparable_JJ  status_NN  .  
  these_DD2  figures_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  subject_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  parental_JJ  means_NNS  test_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  arguing_VBG  about_IO  that_DD1  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  grant_NN  which_DDQ  an_AT1  authority_NN  awards_NNS  to_IO  students_NNS  who_PNQS qualify_VV0  for_IO  full_JJ  grant_NN  is_VBZ  *+180_NNU  ,_,  plus_IO  travel_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Kent_NP  ;_;  *+80_NNU  in_IO  Devon_NP  ;_;  *+125_NNU  in_IO  West_NP  Ham_NP  ;_;  *+115_NNU  ,_,  plus_IO  travel_NN  in_IO  West_NP  Hartlepools_NP  ;_;  *+163_NNU  in_IO  Warwickshire_NP  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  day_NN  grant_NN  in_IO  Pembrokeshire_NP  if_CS  the_AT1  student_NN  is_VBZ  living_VBG  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  for_IO  those_DD2  taking_VBG  a_AT1  residential_JJ  course_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  figure_NN  is_VBZ  *+120_NNU  in_IO  Cardiff_NP  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  of_IO  those_DD2  cases_NNS  tuition_NN  fees_NNS  are_VBR  paid_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  practice_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  universal_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  authority_NN  of_IO  Flint_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sorry_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  pay_VV0  tuition_NN  fees_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  apply_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  is_VBZ  lucky_JJ  if_CS  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  tuition_NN  fees_NNS  paid_VBN  .  
  those_DD2  taking_VBG  full-time_JB  courses_NNS  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  and_CC  living_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1    and_CC  this_DD1  happens_VBZ  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  where_CS children_NNS  from_IO  rural_JJ  areas_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  residence_NN    again_RR  have_VH0  fantastic_JJ  discrepancies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  which_DDQ  their_APP$  authorities_NNS  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  award_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  group_NN  of_IO  authorities_NNS  the_AT1  residential_JJ  maxima_NNS  are_VBR  :_:  *+260_NNU  in_IO  Kent_NP  ;_;  between_IO  *+114_NNU  and_CC  *+180_NNU  in_IO  Devon_NP  ;_;  *+185_NNU  in_IO  West_NP  Ham_NP  ;_;  *+175_NNU  plus_IO  travel_NN  in_IO  West_NP  Hartlepools_NP  ;_;  *+218_NNU  in_IO  Warwickshire_NP  ;_;  *+183_NNU  in_IO  Pembrokeshire_NP  ;_;  *+210_NNU  in_IO  Cardiff_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  possible_JJ  justice_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  in_IO  having_VHG  all_DB  those_DD2  full-time_JB  students_NNS  at_IO  technical_JJ  colleges_NNS  treated_VBN  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  what_DDQ  possible_JJ  defence_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  for_IO  treating_VBG  university_NN  students_NNS  under_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  treated_VBN  and_CC  technical_JJ  college_NN  students_NNS  under_IO  clause_NN  2_MC  in_IO  another_DD1  way_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  about_IO  discretion_NN  being_VBG  given_VBN  for_IO  part-time_JB  students_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  taking_VBG  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  hobby_NN  courses_NNS  in_IO  further_JB  education_NN  establishments_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  conceivable_JJ  ground_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  can_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  university_NN  students_NNS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  proposing_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  while_CS  refusing_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  for_IO  full-time_JB  technical_JJ  college_NN  students_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  university_NN  students_NNS  taking_VBG  a_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  less_DA  than_IO  three_MC  years'_NN2  duration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  has_VHZ  only_RR  one_MC1  excuse_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  afraid_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  cost_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  well_RR  knows_VBZ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  saying_VBG  that_CS  by_IO  clause_NN  1_MC1  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  being_VBG  made_VBN  virtually_RR  the_AT1  Minister's_NNSB2  agents_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  their_APP$  discretion_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  so_RG  much_RR  diminished_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  effect_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  simply_RR  administer_VV0  a_AT1  national_JJ  service_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  expenditure_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  circumstances_NNS  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  national_JJ  charge_NN  and_CC  not_XX  paid_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  .  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  great_JJ  hopes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  by_RP  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  disappointment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  touch_VV0  upon_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  that_DD1  disappointment_NN  and_CC  enquire_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  make_VV0  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  conduct_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  branch_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  affairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Strang_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  done_VBN  splendid_JJ  work_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  gladly_RR  add_VV0  my_APP$  tribute_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  paid_VBN  by_IO  others_DA2    as_IO  Chairman_NNSB1  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  hard_JJ  row_NN  to_TO  hoe_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  that_DD1  in_IO  those_DD2  intervals_NNS  allowed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  while_CS  composing_VBG  his_APP$  important_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  recently_RR  published_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  confess_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_CF  read_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  fully_RR  intend_VV0  to_TO  read_VV0  ,_,  laying_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  historical_JJ  permanence_NN  of_IO  British_JJ  foreign_JJ  policy_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  scholarly_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  leisure_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  found_VBN  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  handling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  parks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  all_DB  grateful_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  noble_JJ  friend_NN  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Strang_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  had_VHN  some_DD  splendid_JJ  colleagues_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  noble_JJ  friend_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Lawson_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  political_JJ  life_NN  was_VBDZ  much_RR  intertwined_VBN  with_IO  mine_NN  ,_,  asks_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  very_RG  sorry_JJ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  here_RL  to-day_NN1  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  ,_,  our_APP$  debate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  ill-health_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  the_AT1  sympathy_NN  of_IO  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   will_VM  go_VV0  out_RP  to_IO  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  my_APP$  noble_JJ  friend_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Lawson_NP  acted_VVD  as_IO  deputy_NN  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  us_PPIO2   thought_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  good_JJ  tactical_JJ  move_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  ex-Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  war_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  important_JJ  position_NN  ;_;  because_CS  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  chase_VV0  away_RP  generals_NNS  from_IO  certain_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  thinking_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  County_NNL1  Durham_NP  and_CC  Teesdale_NP  where_CS ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2     and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  apprehended_VBN  elsewhere_RR    that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  requisitioned_VBN  rather_RR  more_DA  land_NN  for_IO  use_NN  as_IO  artillery_NN  ranges_NNS  than_CS  was_VBDZ  reasonably_RR  justifiable_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  rumours_NNS  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  in_IO  that_DD1  area_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Pennine_NP  Way_NNL1  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  clash_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  troops_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  embattled_JJ  contingents_NNS  of_IO  ramblers_NNS  from_IO  Durham_NP  and_CC  Yorkshire_NP  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  avoided_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  diplomatic_JJ  gifts_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  military_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  noble_JJ  friend_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Lawson_NP  contributed_VVD  both_DB2  to_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  order_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  will_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pennine_NP  Way_NNL1  throughout_IO  its_APP$  length_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  then_RL  very_RG  keen_JJ  should_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  or_CC  two_MC  now_RL  on_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  which_DDQ  arise_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  .  
  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  touching_VBG  on_IO  points_NNS  already_RR  made_VBN  by_IO  previous_JJ  speakers_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  primary_JJ  point_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  finance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  left_VBN  practically_RR  destitute_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  under_IO  successive_JJ  governments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  with_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  detail_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Earl_NNSB1  who_PNQS preceded_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  (_(  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS were_VBDR  thinking_VBG  ,_,  talking_VBG  and_CC  planning_VBG  how_CS all_DB  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  organised_VBN  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  sufficiently_RR  important_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  endowed_VBN  with_IO  sufficiently_RR  important_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  deserve_VV0  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  direct_JJ  annual_JJ  grant_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  administered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  disappointing_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Hobhouse_NP  committee_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Earl_NNSB1  referred_VVD  in_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  fully_RR  agreed_VVD  about_IO  not_XX  naming_VBG  any_DD  special_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  figure_NN  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  large_JJ  one_MC1  but_CCB  a_AT1  direct_JJ  annual_JJ  grant_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  would_VM  help_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  grant_NN  is_VBZ  lacking_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  framework_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  right_JJ  .  
  therefore_RR  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  before_IO  long_RR  the_AT1  present_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  housing_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  government_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  heard_VBN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  receiving_VBG  many_DA  recommendations_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  settle_VV0  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Strang_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  successors_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  distribute_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  their_APP$  discretion_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Earl_NNSB1  suggested_VVD  ,_,  between_IO  different_JJ  national_JJ  park_NN  areas_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  this_DD1  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  though_CS  essentially_RR  a_AT1  simple_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  once_RR  threw_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  hint_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  occasionally_RR  troubled_VBN  the_AT1  waters_NNS  since_II  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  budget_NN  speech_NN  of_IO  1946_MC  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  (_(  though_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  act_NN  was_VBDZ  passed_VBN  )_)  ,_,  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  well_RR  of_IO  national_JJ  parks_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  done_VBN  on_IO  other_DA  occasions_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  hint_NN  (_(  my_APP$  idea_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  required_VBN  further_JB  legislation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  forthcoming_JJ  )_)  that_CS  some_DD  financial_JJ  assistance_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  land_NN  fund_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  to_IO  national_JJ  parks_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  once-for-all_JB  contribution_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  nature_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  regret_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  came_VVD  to_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
  although_CS  enthusiasts_NNS  of_IO  national_JJ  parks_NNS  in_IO  another_DD1  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  here_RL  too_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  returned_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  charge_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  regret_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  neither_LE  from_IO  that_DD1  source_NN  nor_CC  from_IO  any_DD  other_DA  so_RG  far_RR  have_VH0  national_JJ  parks_NNS  been_VBN  reasonably_RR  financed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_RG  simple_JJ  a_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  that_CS  this_DD1  defect_NN  may_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  remedied_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  now_RL  to_TO  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  long-distance_JB  routes_NNS  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  younger_JJ  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  now_RL  called_VBN  a_AT1  keen_JJ    hiker_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  walking_VBG  considerable_JJ  distances_NNS  in_IO  beautiful_JJ  country_NN  and_CC  in_IO  agreeable_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  keen_JJ  on_IO  this_DD1  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long-distance_JB  routes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  your_APP$  lordships_NNS  know_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  Pennine_NP  Way_NNL1  ,_,  which_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_TO  run_VV0  right_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  constituency_NN  I_PPIS1  then_RL  had_VHD  the_AT1  honour_NN  to_TO  represent_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  through_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  beautiful_JJ  area_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  wild_JJ  fell_NN  country_NN  and_CC  many_DA  lovely_JJ  waterfalls_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  natural_JJ  beauties_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  regret_NN    and_CC  those_DD2  are_VBR  the_AT1  actual_JJ  words_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  moderate_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  words_NNS    that_CS  those_DD2  routes_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  yet_RR  completely_RR  open_JJ  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  approval_NN  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  the_AT1  figure_NN  rightly_RR  ,_,  of_IO  some_DD  seven_MC  proposed_JJ  long-distance_JB  routes_NNS  (_(  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  six_MC  or_CC  seven_MC  ,_,  or_CC  something_PN1  of_IO  that_DD1  order_NN  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  meant_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  and_CC  in_IO  surveying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  ,_,  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  after_CS  this_DD1  work_NN  began_VVD  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  long-distance_JB  routes_NNS  is_VBZ  yet_RR  completely_RR  open_JJ  to_IO  walkers_NNS  or_CC  to_IO  horsemen_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  beautiful_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  slow_JJ  advance_NN  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  effective_JJ  powers_NNS  vested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  for_IO  compulsory_JJ  purchase_NN  ,_,  where_CS necessary_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  rights_NNS  of_IO  way_NN  or_CC  rights_NNS  of_IO  access_NN  at_IO  given_JJ  points_NNS  along_IO  these_DD2  routes_NNS  where_CS access_NN  and_CC  rights_NNS  of_IO  way_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  now_RL  exist_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  detail_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  talked_VBN  about_IO  here_RL    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1    concerning_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  whether_CS  the_AT1  commission_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  such_DA  powers_NNS  vested_VBN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  distributed_VBN  among_IO  various_JJ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  on_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  express_VV0  an_AT1  opinion_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  merely_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  remedy_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  simple_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  covered_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  formula_NN  used_VBN  just_RR  now_RL  :_:  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  effective_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  compulsory_JJ  purchase_NN  operated_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  where_CS we_PPIS2  still_RR  have_VH0  not_XX  cleared_VBN  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  along_IO  the_AT1  Pennine_NP  Way_NNL1  or_CC  Offa's_PPIO2  Dyke_NNL1  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  long-distance_JB  routes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  great_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  and_CC  healthier_JJ  and_CC  fitter_NN  citizens_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  appreciate_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  extending_VBG  their_APP$  journeys_NNS  by_IO  foot_NN  or_CC  on_IO  horseback_NN    because_CS  these_DD2  routes_NNS  are_VBR  for_IO  riders_NNS  on_IO  horseback_NN  ,_,  too_RR    along_IO  the_AT1  bridle_NN  paths_NNS  and_CC  quiet_JJ  ways_NNS  and_CC  well_RR  away_RP  from_IO  roads_NNS  heavily_RR  crowded_JJ  with_IO  motor_NN  and_CC  other_DA  vehicles_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  early_JJ  action_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  amend_VV0  the_AT1  law_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  regard_NN  and_CC  give_VV0  the_AT1  commission_NN  power_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  always_RR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  and_CC  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  mandate_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  said_VBN    indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Strang_NP  ,_,  himself_PPX1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  speech_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  properly_RR  publicised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN    that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  certain_JJ  conflict_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  setting_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  commission_NN  :_:  two_MC  conflicting_JJ  aims_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commission_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  to_TO  preserve_VV0  and_CC  enhance_VV0  natural_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  to_TO  provide_VV0  and_CC  improve_VV0  facilities_NNS  for_IO  public_JJ  enjoyment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parks_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  myself_PPX1  believe_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  any_DD  serious_JJ  or_CC  deep_JJ  conflict_NN  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  can_VM  achieve_VV0  both_DB2  aims_NNS  by_IO  an_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  reasonable_JJ  give_NN  and_CC  take_NN  and_CC  ,_,  where_CS necessary_JJ  ,_,  consultation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  touch_VV0  upon_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  again_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  first_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  word_NN  (_(  this_DD1  point_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  before_II  )_)  about_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  aim_NN  :_:  the_AT1  preservation_NN  and_CC  enhancement_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  beauty_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  glad_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  said_VBN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  doubt_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN    that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  here_RL  no_AT1  real_JJ  conflict_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  a_AT1  strong_JJ  supporter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  have_VH0  done_VBN  a_AT1  grand_JJ  job_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  never_RR  done_VBN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  set_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  develop_VV0  that_DD1  point_NN  now_RL  ,_,  although_CS  on_IO  another_DD1  occasion_NN  I_PPIS1  may_VM  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  to_TO  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  has_VHZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  occasionally_RR  been_VBN  a_DA  little_DA  potential_JJ  ill-will_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  air_NN  societies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  national_JJ  parks_NNS  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  certain_JJ  emotion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  about_IO  cone-bearing_JJ  trees_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  glad_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  practical_JJ  politics_NN  now_RL  (_(  my_APP$  noble_JJ  friend_NN  said_VVD  so_PN1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  noble_JJ  Earl_NNSB1  also_RR  repeated_VVD  it_PPH1  )_)  ,_,  consultation_NN  proceeds_VBZ  agreeably_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  interests_NNS  concerned_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  park_NN  authorities_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  the_AT1  central_JJ  parks_NNS  commission_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  planning_JJ  authorities_NNS  for_IO  particular_JJ  parks_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission_NN  and_CC  also_RR  with_IO  timber_NN  growers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  landowners'_NN2  association_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  bodies_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  delighted_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  bodies_NNS  are_VBR  getting_VBG  on_RP  well_RR  together_RR  and_CC  can_VM  settle_VV0  agreeably_RR  any_DD  disputes_NNS  that_PNQS arise_VV0  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  preservation_NN  and_CC  enhancement_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  with_IO  particular_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  debatable_JJ  afforestation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  more_DA  ,_,  about_IO  afforestation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  great_JJ  devotee_NN  of_IO  afforestation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  often_RR  recall_VV0  the_AT1  great_JJ  saying_NN  of_IO  Robert_NP  Louis_NP  Stevenson_NP  ,_,  that_CS  trees_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  civil_JJ  society_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  moods_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  places_NNS  that_CS  great_JJ  thought_NN  is_VBZ  borne_VBN  in_RP  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  personally_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  through_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  passing_VBG  very_RG  happy_JJ  hours_NNS  and_CC  days_NNS  among_IO  beautiful_JJ  woodlands_NNS  and_CC  trees_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  overseas_RR  .  
  but_CCB  Robert_NP  Louis_NP  Stevenson_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  discriminate_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    trees_NNS    and_CC  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  qualification_NN  or_CC  classification_NN  .  
  trees_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  civil_JJ  society_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  ,_,      trees_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  you_PPY  are_VBR  suspicious_JJ  of_IO  when_CS you_PPY  see_VV0  it_PPH1  growing_VBG    ;_;  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  ,_,      all_DB  trees_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  conifers_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  always_RR  recalling_VBG  that_CS  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  boy_NN  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  that_CS  to_TO  plant_VV0  a_AT1  tree_NN  and_CC  ,_,  still_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  to_TO  care_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS you_PPY  have_VH0  planted_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  deed_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  leave_VV0  your_APP$  heritage_NN  better_JJ  than_CS  when_CS you_PPY  found_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  that_DD1  then_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  believed_VBN  it_PPH1  ever_RR  since_II  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  true_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  have_VH0  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  area_NN  under_IO  trees_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  than_CS  has_VHZ  any_DD  other_DA  country_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP    barely_RR  6_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  the_AT1  figure_NN  aright_RR    and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  anxious_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  policy_NN  and_CC  national_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  afforestation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  carried_VBN  further_RRR  ,_,  with_IO  appropriate_JJ  regard_NN  being_VBG  had_VHN  to_IO  soils_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  matters_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  what_DDQ  will_VM  grow_VV0  and_CC  what_DDQ  will_VM  not_XX  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  13_MC  .  
  the_AT1  appellants_NNS  ,_,  immediately_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appeal_NN  ,_,  declared_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2   their_APP$  dissatisfaction_NN  therewith_RR  as_CS  being_VBG  erroneous_JJ  in_IO  point_NN  of_IO  law_NN  and_CC  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  required_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  state_VV0  a_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  court_NN  pursuant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1937_MC  ,_,  fifth_MD  schedule_NN  ,_,  part_NN  2_MC  ,_,  paragraph_NN  4_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  income_NN  tax_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1952_MC  ,_,  section_NN  64_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  case_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  stated_VBN  and_CC  do_VD0  sign_VV0  accordingly_RR  .  
  14_MC  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  law_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  court_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+4,072_NNU  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  paragraph_NN  2_MC  hereof_RR  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  amount_NN  applied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP  within_IO  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  section_NN  36_MC  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1947_MC  .  
  \0R_NP  \0W_NP  Quayle_NP  \0N_NP  \0F_NP  Rowe_NP  Commissioners_NNSB2  for_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  tax_NN  acts_NNS  .  
  Turnstile_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  94-99_MC-MC  ,_,  High_NP  Holborn_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0W.C.1_NP  .  
  5th_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  came_VVD  before_IO  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Chancery_NNL1  division_NN  on_IO  13th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  when_CS judgment_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  ,_,  with_IO  costs_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  Ungoed-Thomas_NP  ,_,  \0Q.C_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Orr_NP  appeared_VVD  as_IO  Counsel_NNSB1  for_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  \0J_NP  Brennan_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP    
  this_DD1  case_NN  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  profits_NNS  tax_NN  liability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  respondent_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  \0H_NP  Dunning_NP  &_CC  \0Co_NN1  (_(  1946_MC  )_)  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  two_MC  chargeable_JJ  accounting_NN  periods_NNS  ,_,  1st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  ,_,  to_IO  31st_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  ,_,  and_CC  1st_MD  November_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  ,_,  to_IO  29th_MD  February_NN1  ,_,  1956_MC  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  arises_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  was_VBDZ  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  1946_MC  ,_,  and_CC  carries_VBZ  on_RP  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  light_JJ  engineering_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  director-controlled_JJ  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profits_NNS  tax_NN  legislation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  since_IO  its_APP$  incorporation_NN  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  whole-time_JB  service_NN  director_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  material_JJ  times_NNS  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  holding_VBG  one_MC1  *+1_NNU  share_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  1,000_MC  issued_JJ  shares_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1951_MC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP  invented_VVD  a_AT1  special_JJ  type_NN  of_IO    cable_NN  gland_NN    for_IO  engineering_NN  purposes_NNS  and_CC  obtained_VVD  patent_NN  protection_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  invention_NN  some_DD  time_NN  in_IO  1952_MC  .  
  on_IO  31st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1954_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  into_IO  an_AT1  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  whereby_CS he_PPHO1  granted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  a_AT1  licence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  to_TO  manufacture_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  sell_VV0  the_AT1  patented_JJ  article_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  company_NN  covenanted_VVD  during_IO  the_AT1  continuance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  licence_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  commission_NN  of_IO  *+7_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  selling_NN  price_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  patented_JJ  article_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  provision_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  termination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  expiry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  terminated_VBN  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  that_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  genuine_JJ  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  company_NN  got_VVD  full_JJ  consideration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  payments_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  make_VV0  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP  .  
  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  payments_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  made_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  from_IO  1st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  ,_,  to_IO  its_APP$  termination_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1955_MC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  *+4,072_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  question_NN  at_IO  issue_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  these_DD2  payments_NNS  were_VBDR    distributions_NNS    by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  section_NN  36_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1947_MC  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  distributions_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  which_DDQ  hitherto_RR  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  deductible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  ascertaining_VBG  the_AT1  gross_JJ  relevant_JJ  distribution_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  section_NN  35_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  profits_NNS  tax_NN  payable_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  accounting_NN  periods_NNS  in_IO  question_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  larger_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  if_CS  the_AT1  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  distributions_NNS  .  
  section_NN  36_MC  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  is_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  terms_NNS  :_:  
    subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  succeeding_JJ  subsection_NN  ,_,  wherever_CS   (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  any_DD  amount_NN  is_VBZ  distributed_VBN  directly_RR  or_CC  indirectly_RR  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  dividend_NN  or_CC  cash_NN  bonus_NN  to_IO  any_DD  person_NN  ;_;  or_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  assets_NNS  are_VBR  distributed_VBN  in_IO  kind_NN  to_IO  any_DD  person_NN  ;_;  or_CC  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  where_CS the_AT1  trade_NN  or_CC  business_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  body_NN  corporate_JJ  the_AT1  directors_NNS  whereof_CS have_VH0  a_AT1  controlling_JJ  interest_NN  therein_RR  ,_,      which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  here_RL      an_AT1  amount_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  ,_,  whether_CS  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  remuneration_NN  ,_,  loans_NNS  or_CC  otherwise_RR  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  any_DD  person_NN  ,_,  there_EX  shall_VM  be_VB0  deemed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  preceding_JJ  section_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  distribution_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  person_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  amount_NN  or_CC  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  of_IO  an_AT1  amount_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  assets_NNS  :_:      then_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  proviso_NN      provided_CS  that_CS  no_AT1  sum_NN  applied_VBN  in_IO  repaying_VBG  a_AT1  loan_NN  or_CC  in_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  share_NN  capital_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  carrying_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  trade_NN  or_CC  business_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  distribution_NN  .    
  that_DD1  proviso_NN  certainly_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  not_XX  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  sum_NN  applied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  in_IO  repaying_VBG  a_AT1  loan_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  distribution_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  need_VM  read_VV0  sub-section_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  sub-section_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  contains_VBZ  special_JJ  provisions_NNS  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  loans_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  this_DD1  effect_NN  :_:  
    where_CS   (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  loan_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  treated_VBN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gross_JJ  relevant_JJ  distributions_NNS  to_IO  proprietors_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  chargeable_JJ  accounting_NN  period_NN  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  payable_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  increased_VBN  ,_,    then_RL  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  loan_NN  is_VBZ  repaid_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  gross_JJ  relevant_JJ  distributions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  proprietors_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_CS  reduced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  caused_VBN  by_IO  treating_VBG  the_AT1  loan_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  distribution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  decide_VV0  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  whether_CS  these_DD2  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  amounts_NNS  applied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP    by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  remuneration_NN  ,_,  loans_NNS  or_CC  otherwise_RR    .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  certainly_RR  not_XX    remuneration_NN    or_CC    loans_NNS    ;_;  but_CCB  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO    or_NC2  otherwise_NC2    .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  payments_NNS  made_VBN  under_IO  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  for_IO  full_JJ  consideration_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hawke_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  grant_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  licence_NN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  his_APP$  patent_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  words_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  simply_RR    an_AT1  amount_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  any_DD  person_NN    ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  it_PPH1  very_RG  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  this_DD1  sub-section_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  covered_VBN  payments_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  of_IO  capital_NN  or_CC  income_NN  ,_,  under_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  commercial_JJ  agreement_NN  .  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  payment_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  given_VBN  full_JJ  consideration_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  amount_NN  applied_VBN  for_IO  your_APP$  benefit_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  payer_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  words_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  simply_RR    an_AT1  amount_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  any_DD  person_NN    ;_;  there_EX  are_VBR  the_AT1  additional_JJ  words_NNS    whether_CS  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  remuneration_NN  ,_,  loans_NNS  or_CC  otherwise_RR    .  
  in_IO  Commissioners_NNSB2  of_IO  inland_JB  revenue_NN  \0v_IO  Chappie_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  34_MC  \0T.C_NP  509_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  loans_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  company_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  associated_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  on_IO  what_DDQ  were_VBDR  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  ordinary_JJ  commercial_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  affirming_VBG  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  Danckwerts_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  held_VVD  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  loan_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  distribution_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  argued_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brennan_NP  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  decision_NN  turned_VVD  simply_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  provisions_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  loans_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  section_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  refers_VBZ  to_IO  loans_NNS  expressly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  in_IO  sub-section_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  a_AT1  provision_NN  for_IO  adjusting_VBG  the_AT1  matter_NN  if_CS  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  loan_NN  is_VBZ  repaid_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  loans_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  count_VV0  as_IO  distributions_NNS  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  on_IO  commercial_JJ  terms_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  regard_VV0  the_AT1  decision_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Chappie_NP  case_NN  as_CS  throwing_VBG  no_AT1  light_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sub-section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  read_VV0  their_APP$  judgments_NNS  ,_,  definitely_RR  rejected_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  bounty_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  payment_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  dealing_VBG  with_IO  loans_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  construing_VBG  the_AT1  section_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  the_AT1  section_NN  expressly_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  remuneration_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  loans_NNS  .  
  remuneration_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  normally_RR  contain_VV0  any_DD  element_NN  of_IO  bounty_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  the_AT1  sub-section_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  payments_NNS  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  remuneration_NN  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_IO  distributions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  what_DDQ  falls_VBZ  under_IO  the_AT1  heading_NN    or_NC2  otherwise_NC2    as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  what_DDQ  falls_VBZ  under_IO  the_AT1  heading_NN    remuneration_NC2    or_CC    loans_NC2    must_VM  contain_VV0  an_AT1  element_NN  of_IO  bounty_NN  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  :_:  
    if_CS  you_PPY  read_VV0  the_AT1  sub-section_NN  as_RG  widely_RR  as_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  any_DD  payment_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  company_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  an_AT1  income_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  capital_NN  payment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  consideration_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  distribution_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  buys_VBZ  a_AT1  motor-car_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  proper_JJ  price_NN  ,_,  even_RR  that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  distribution_NN  .    
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Chappie_NP  case_NN  were_VBDR  aware_JJ  that_CS  that_DD1  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  decision_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Tucker_NP  and_CC  Jenkins_NP  ,_,  \0L.J_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  (_(  at_IO  page_NN  527_MC  of_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  decision_NN  itself_PPX1  related_VVD  only_RR  to_IO  loans_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  section_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  again_RR  a_RR  little_RR  later_RRR  by_IO  Harman_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Commissioners_NNSB2  of_IO  inland_JB  revenue_NN  \0v_IO  Lactagol_NP  ,_,  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  35_MC  \0T.C_NP  230_MC  .  
  there_RL  the_AT1  company_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  lump-sum_JB  payment_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  director-member_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Adams_NP  ,_,  in_IO  consideration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  covenant_NN  that_CS  after_CS  his_APP$  term_NN  of_IO  service_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  ceased_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  compete_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  so_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  lump-sum_JB  payment_NN  the_AT1  company_NN  got_VVD  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  asset_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Adams's_PPIO2  covenant_NN  .  
  Harman_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  impressed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  anybody_PN1  must_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  absurdity_NN  of_IO  treating_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  payment_NN    a_AT1  capital_NN  payment_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  asset_NN  under_IO  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  commercial_JJ  transaction_NN    as_CS  being_VBG  an_AT1  amount_NN  applied_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  payee_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  Chappie_NP  case_NN  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  had_VHD  decided_VBN  that_CS  all_DB  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  distributions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  line_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  somewhere_RR  ,_,  and_CC  influenced_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  act_NN  taxes_VBZ  profits_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  line_NN  at_IO  payments_NNS  of_IO  capital_NN  for_IO  capital_NN  assets_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  really_RR  logical_JJ  to_TO  draw_VV0  any_DD  line_NN  or_CC  to_TO  draw_VV0  it_PPH1  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  faced_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  case_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  before_IO  Harman_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  follow_VV0  his_APP$  decision_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  case_NN  before_IO  me_PPIO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  a_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  capital_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  asset_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  recurring_VBG  payments_NNS  of_IO  income_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  therefore_RR  think_VV0  that_DD1  decision_NN  of_IO  Harman_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP  ,_,  covers_VBZ  this_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  myself_PPX1  at_IO  liberty_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  but_IO  for_II  his_APP$  decision_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  arrived_VBN  without_IO  hesitation_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  appeal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Chappie_NP  case_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  decided_VVD  this_DD1  case_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Chappie_NP  case_NN  dealt_VVD  only_RR  with_IO  loans_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Lactagol_NP  case_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  decision_NN  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  allow_VV0  the_AT1  appeal_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  Ungoed-Thomas_NP  .    
  your_APP$  lordship_NN  will_VM  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  allow_VV0  the_AT1  appeal_NN  with_IO  costs_NNS  .  
  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP    
  yes_UH  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  \0J_NP  Brennan_NP  .    
  would_VM  your_APP$  lordship_NN  hear_VV0  me_PPIO1  on_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  about_IO  costs_NNS  .  
  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP    
  yes_UH  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brennan_NP  .    
  my_APP$  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  Lactagol_NP  case_NN  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  some_DD  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  matter_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  left_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  grave_JJ  uncertainty_NN  ;_;  and_CC  my_APP$  clients_NNS  went_VVD  before_IO  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lactagol_NP  case_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  succeeded_VVD  before_IO  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  submit_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  proper_JJ  case_NN  where_CS your_APP$  lordship_NN  might_VM  make_VV0  an_AT1  order_NN  whereby_CS each_DD1  side_NN  would_VM  bear_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  costs_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  Ungoed-Thomas_NP  .    
  my_APP$  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  difficulty_NN  that_PNQS arises_VBZ  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  where_CS there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  decision_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  side_NN  relies_VBZ  .  
  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP    
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  must_VM  allow_VV0  the_AT1  crown_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  costs_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  quite_RR  understand_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  were_VBDR  in_IO  a_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  authorities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  taken_VBN  a_AT1  different_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  Harman_NP  ,_,  \0J.'s_PPIO2  decision_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  taken_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  result_NN  must_VM  follow_VV0  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Lynn_NP  Ungoed-Thomas_NP  .    
  and_CC  would_VM  your_APP$  lordship_NN  make_VV0  a_AT1  declaration_NN  .  
  Cross_NP  ,_,  \0J_NP    
  yes_UH  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  figures_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  there_EX  .  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  court_NN  .  
  (_(  2846_MC  )_)  .  
  engineering_NN  industry_NN  .  
  aluminium_NN  wire_NN  and_CC  cable_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ    clerical_JJ  workers_NNS    claim_NN  for_IO  application_NN  thereto_RR  of_IO  wages_NNS  increases_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  specified_JJ  agreement_NN  .  
  parties_NNS  :_:    
  clerical_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  and_CC  aluminium_NN  wire_NN  and_CC  cable_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ  .  
  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  :_:    
    proposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  union_NN  .  
  that_CS  the_AT1  wage_NN  increases_NNS  agreed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  and_CC  allied_JJ  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  on_IO  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  shall_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  employed_VBN  by_IO  aluminium_NN  wire_NN  and_CC  cable_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ  ,_,  Swansea_NP  ,_,  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  9th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  proposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  employer_NN  .  
  whether_CS  the_AT1  wage_NN  increases_NNS  agreed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  and_CC  allied_JJ  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  on_IO  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  employed_VBN  by_IO  aluminium_NN  wire_NN  and_CC  cable_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ  ,_,  Swansea_NP  ,_,  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  9th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .    
  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  referred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  court_NN  for_IO  settlement_NN  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  courts_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1919_MC  .  
  the_AT1  parties_NNS  were_VBDR  heard_VBN  in_IO  Cardiff_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  9th_MD  May_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  2_MC  .  
  by_IO  an_AT1  agreement_NN  reached_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  and_CC  administrative_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  (_(  hereinafter_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO    the_AT1  union_NN    )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  increases_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  federation_NN  were_VBDR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  recommend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  paid_VBN  by_IO  member_NN  firms_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  with_IO  salaries_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  and_CC  including_IO  *+775_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  males_NNS  and_CC  *+580_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  females_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  from_II  the_AT1  9th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  determined_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  said_JJ  increases_NNS  are_VBR  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  hereto_RR  .  
  the_AT1  agreement_NN  also_RR  contained_VVD  the_AT1  following_JJ  clause_NN  :_:    
    the_AT1  recommendation_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  understanding_NN  that_CS  firms_NNS  may_VM  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  any_DD  general_JJ  increase_NN  already_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  wages_NNS  agreement_NN  reached_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  on_IO  21st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  anticipation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  settlement_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  claim_NN  .    
  the_AT1  dispute_NN  concerns_VBZ  83_MC  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  aluminium_NN  wire_NN  and_CC  cable_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ  (_(  hereinafter_RR  referred_VBN  as_IO    the_AT1  company_NN    )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  claim_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  increases_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  9th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  first_RR  raised_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  union_NN  having_VHG  received_VBN  a_AT1  report_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  implemented_VBN  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  ,_,  wrote_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  union_NN  subsequently_RR  sought_VVD  the_AT1  assistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  relations_NNS  Officer_NNSB1  (_(  Wales_NP  )_)  ,_,  under_IO  whose_PNQV$  chairmanship_NN  a_AT1  meeting_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  2nd_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  then_RL  stated_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  exempt_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  notice_NN  issued_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  their_APP$  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  pay_NN  packet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  5th_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  when_CS certain_JJ  increases_NNS  in_IO  pay_NN  became_VVD  effective_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  thereupon_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  for_IO  decision_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  when_CS necessary_JJ  met_VBN  the_AT1  company_NN  regarding_IO  matters_NNS  affecting_VBG  wages_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  whilst_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  in_IO  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  understanding_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  follow_VV0  the_AT1  engineering_NN  industry_NN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  understanding_NN  the_AT1  union_NN  had_VHD  negotiated_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  working_NN  week_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  salary_NN  limits_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  received_VVD  payment_NN  for_IO  overtime_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rota_NN  under_IO  which_DDQ  Saturday_NN1  mornings_NNS  were_VBDR  worked_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  submitted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  terms_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  company_NN  could_VM  claim_VV0  exemption_NN  from_IO  implementing_VBG  the_AT1  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  clearly_RR  understood_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  ;_;  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN    general_JJ  increase_NN    was_VBDZ  understood_VBN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  that_CS  increases_NNS  in_IO  salaries_NNS  consequent_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  undertaken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  which_DDQ  took_VVD  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  3rd_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  constitute_VV0  a_AT1    general_JJ  increase_NN    .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  concerned_VBN  had_VHD  not_XX  received_VBN  any_DD  increase_NN  at_IO  all_DB  and_CC  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  pattern_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  increases_NNS  awarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  were_VBDR  indicative_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  merit_NN  assessment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  valuation_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  employee_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  contended_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  increases_NNS  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  5th_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  paid_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  workers'_NN2  settlement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  increases_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  paid_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  review_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  company_NN  stated_VVD  had_VHD  taken_VBN  several_DA  months_NNS  to_TO  complete_VV0  ,_,  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  anticipation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  settlement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  class_NN  for_IO  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  union_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  court's_NN1$  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  drawn_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  3rd_MD  October_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  (_(  the_AT1  retrospective_JJ  date_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  increase_NN  became_VVD  effective_JJ  )_)  the_AT1  union_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  presented_VBN  their_APP$  case_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  wages_NNS  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  workers'_NN2  union_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  reached_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  21st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  submitted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  should_VM  receive_VV0  the_AT1  increases_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  .  
  the_AT1  union_NN  maintained_VVD  that_CS  previous_JJ  differences_NNS  referred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  disputes_NNS  tribunal_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  disputes_NNS  order_NN  ,_,  1951_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  resulted_VVD  in_IO  awards_NNS  \0Nos_NNS  248_MC  ,_,  813_MC  and_CC  840_MC  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  endorsed_VVD  that_DD1  view_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  that_CS  whilst_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  and_CC  allied_JJ  employers'_NN2  south_NN1  Wales_NP  association_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  their_APP$  practice_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  regard_NN  to_IO  recommendations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  when_CS reviewing_VBG  salaries_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  company_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  increases_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  1st_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  comparable_JJ  with_IO  increases_NNS  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1958_MC  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  also_RR  given_VBN  increases_NNS  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  1st_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  working_NN  hours_NNS  as_IO  from_II  the_AT1  2nd_MD  May_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  federation_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  recommended_VBN  any_DD  salary_NN  increases_NNS  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  half_NN  of_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  decided_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  review_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  staff_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  aware_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  claim_NN  submitted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  accordingly_RR  ,_,  when_CS such_DA  employees_NNS  were_VBDR  advised_VBN  in_IO  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  of_IO  increases_NNS  granted_VBN  (_(  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  made_VBN  retrospective_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  entered_VVD  a_AT1  caveat_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  possible_JJ  increases_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  subsequently_RR  be_VB0  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  ,_,  notice_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  contained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  addressed_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  employee_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  company_NN  received_VVD  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  increases_NNS  recommended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  ,_,  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  increases_NNS  already_RR  granted_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  revealed_VVD  some_DD  differences_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  deficiencies_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  good_JJ  as_IO  from_II  the_AT1  2nd_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  federation's_NN1$  recommendations_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  effect_NN  until_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  later_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  company_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  specifically_RR  agreed_VBN  and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  given_VBN  any_DD  undertaking_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  engineering_NN  industry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  submitted_VBN  that_CS  increases_NNS  in_IO  salaries_NNS  granted_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  staff_NN  when_CS salaries_NNS  were_VBDR  reviewed_VBN  were_VBDR  a_AT1    general_JJ  increase_NN    .  
  the_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  was_VBDZ  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  review_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  being_VBG  paid_VBN  to_IO  senior_JJ  staff_NN  having_VHG  university_NN  degrees_NNS  or_CC  other_DA  special_JJ  qualifications_NNS  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  specially_RR  examined_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  spread_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  and_CC  completed_VBN  only_RR  after_CS  it_PPH1  became_VVD  known_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  union_NN  were_VBDR  negotiating_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  federation_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  submitted_VBN  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  concerned_VBN  had_VHD  received_VBN  increases_NNS  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  recommended_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  views_NNS  the_AT1  awards_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  disputes_NNS  tribunal_NN  referred_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  circumstances_NNS  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  precedents_NNS  .  
  in_IO  conclusion_NN  the_AT1  company_NN  submitted_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  observed_VVD  the_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  all_DB  agreements_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  gave_VVD  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  employment_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  staff_NN  .  
  5_MC  .  
  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  given_VBN  careful_JJ  consideration_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  and_CC  submissions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  ,_,  award_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  shall_VM  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  clerical_JJ  workers_NNS  concerned_VBN  the_AT1  wage_NN  increases_NNS  agreed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  engineering_NN  employers'_NN2  federation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  union_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  6th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  \0H_NP  Lloyd-Williams_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  .  
  \0W_NP  Lewis_NP  Clarke_NP  .  
  \0G_NP  \0B_NP  Thorneycroft_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  submitted_VBN  precedents_NNS  over_IO  two_MC  centuries_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  those_DD2  precedents_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  valid_JJ  .  
  may_VM  we_PPIS2  ask_VV0  whether_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  good_JJ  enough_RGA  further_RRR  to_TO  consider_VV0  your_APP$  ruling_NN  and_CC  indicate_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  occasions_NNS  and_CC  under_IO  what_DDQ  circumstances_NNS  it_PPH1  shall_VM  apply_VV0  and_CC  whether_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  precedents_NNS  and_CC  previous_JJ  rulings_NNS  before_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  ruling_NN  is_VBZ  established_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  look_VV0  at_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  right_RR  \0hon_NNSB1  gentleman_NN  put_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  propose_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  anything_PN1  else_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  ruling_NN  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gordon_NP  Walker_NP  :_:  
  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  ourselves_PPX2  and_CC  our_APP$  successors_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  misled_VBN  ,_,  may_VM  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  later_RRR  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  reasons_NNS  which_DDQ  led_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  proceedings_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  invalidated_VBN  .  
  our_APP$  successors_NNS  and_CC  ourselves_PPX2  might_VM  otherwise_RR  be_VB0  misled_VBN  about_IO  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  or_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  constitute_VV0  a_AT1  House_NNL1  in_IO  other_DA  circumstances_NNS  .  
  if_CS  your_APP$  ruling_NN  were_VBDR  given_VBN  just_RR  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  without_IO  reasons_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  much_RR  further_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  intend_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  fully_RR  understand_VV0  and_CC  appreciate_VV0  your_APP$  desire_NN  not_XX  to_TO  give_VV0  reasons_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  you_PPY  might_VM  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  worth_IO  your_APP$  while_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  :_:  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  thought_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  any_DD  dubiety_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  word_NN    about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  ruling_NN  applies_VBZ  to_IO  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  except_CS  to_IO  circumstances_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  mace_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  place_NN  and_CC  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  suspension_NN  under_IO  standing_JJ  order_NN  \0no_NN  24_MC  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  \0H_NP  Butcher_NP  :_:  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  been_VBN  good_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  ,_,  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  you_PPY  will_VM  conduct_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  research_NN  into_IO  our_APP$  precedents_NNS  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  by-product_NN  of_IO  such_DA  research_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  the_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  discussing_VBG  certain_JJ  rulings_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  ,_,  may_VM  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  conform_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  orderly_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  predecessors_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  obliged_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0hon_NNSB1  member_NN  .  
  since_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  trying_VBG  gradually_RR  to_TO  get_VV0  round_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  position_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  much_DA  help_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Denis_NP  Howell_NP  :_:  
  on_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  order_NN  .  
  would_VM  you_PPY  also_RR  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  procedure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  patronage_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  intervening_VBG  in_IO  our_APP$  affairs_NNS    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  :_:  
  in_IO  no_AT1  circumstances_NNS  can_VM  the_AT1  \0hon_NNSB1  member_NN  have_VH0  a_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  address_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Donnelly_NP  :_:  
  on_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  order_NN  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  venture_VV0  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  works_NNS  investigates_VBZ  the_AT1  microphones_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  considers_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  new_JJ  microphones_NNS  but_CCB  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  reverting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  pre-war_JB  practice_NN  of_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  microphones_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  might_VM  help_VV0  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  generally_RR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Speaker_NNSB1  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  obliged_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0hon_NNSB1  member_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  technical_JJ  aspects_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  ,_,  including_IO  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  ,_,  some_DD  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  microphones_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  before_II  and_CC  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  majesty_NN  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  (_(  return_NN  from_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  (_(  \0Mr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  )_)  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  beg_VV0  to_TO  move_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  an_AT1  humble_JJ  address_NN  be_VB0  presented_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  majesty_NN  ,_,  assuring_VBG  her_APP$  majesty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loyal_JJ  and_CC  affectionate_JJ  welcome_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  House_NNL1  to_IO  her_APP$  majesty_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  tour_NN  of_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  royal_JJ  highness_NN  the_AT1  Duke_NNSB1  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  motion_NN  will_VM  commend_VV0  itself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  .  
  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  departure_NN  for_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  House_NNL1  joined_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  sending_VBG  her_PPHO1  our_APP$  warmest_JJT  good_JJ  wishes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  tour_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  safe_JJ  return_NN  .  
  now_CS  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  is_VBZ  safely_RR  back_RP  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  I_PPIS1  venture_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  journeys_NNS  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  royal_JJ  highness_NN  have_VH0  so_RG  tirelessly_RR  undertaken_VBN  ,_,  none_PN1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  crowned_VBN  with_IO  greater_JJ  success_NN  than_IO  this_DD1  .  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  now_RL  reaching_VBG  65_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  can_VM  earn_VV0  a_AT1  flat-rate_JB  pension_NN  of_IO  *+3_NNU  18_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN    or_CC  up_RP  to_IO  *+6_NNU  4_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  married_VBN    if_CS  he_PPHO1  works_VBZ  until_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  70_MC  and_CC  an_AT1  insured_JJ  woman_NN  can_VM  earn_VV0  a_AT1  similar_JJ  pension_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  works_VBZ  until_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  65_MC  .  
  the_AT1  above_JB  are_VBR  the_AT1  increases_NNS  for_IO  contributions_NNS  paid_VBN  after_IO  2nd_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  .  
  for_IO  every_AT1  25_MC  contributions_NNS  paid_VBN  for_IO  weeks_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  2nd_MD  August_NN1  1959_MC  ,_,  increases_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  (_(  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  )_)  .  
  on_IO  widowhood_NN  any_DD  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  increases_NNS  earned_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  after_IO  16th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1951_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  paid_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  rate_NN  .  
  on_IO  top_II  of_II  these_DD2  increases_NNS  of_IO  flat-rate_JB  pension_NN  you_PPY  may_VM  also_RR  get_VV0  extra_JJ  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  retire_VV0  at_IO  age_NN  65_MC  (_(  60_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  arise_VV0  in_IO  two_MC  ways_NNS  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  65_MC  (_(  60_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  you_PPY  work_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  employer_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  paid_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  *+9_NNU  in_IO  any_DD  week_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  (_(  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  contracted_VBN  out_RP  )_)  pay_VV0  graduated_JJ  contributions_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  will_VM  count_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  way_NN  for_IO  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  graduated_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pension_NN  which_DDQ  you_PPY  would_VM  have_VH0  drawn_VBN  had_VHD  you_PPY  retired_VVD  at_IO  age_NN  65_MC  (_(  60_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  will_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  graduated_JJ  contribution_NN  paid_VBN  by_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  employer_NN  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  half_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  will_VM  count_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  extra_JJ  contribution_NN  by_IO  you_PPY  towards_IO  further_JB  units_NNS  of_IO  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  .  
  examples_NNS  showing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  increases_NNS  work_VV0  for_IO  people_NNS  now_RL  approaching_VBG  pension_NN  age_NN  with_IO  various_JJ  earnings_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  on_IO  page_NN  31_MC  .  
  47_MC  .  
  the_AT1  earnings_NNS  rule_NN  .  
  because_CS  the_AT1  pension_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  retired_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  pensioner_NN  earns_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  while_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  under_IO  70_MC  (_(  65_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  rule_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  pension_NN  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  by_IO  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  of_IO  net_JB  earnings_NNS  between_IO  *+3_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  and_CC  *+4_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  over_IO  *+4_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  wife's_NN1$  pension_NN  is_VBZ  similarly_RR  reduced_VBN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  earns_VBZ  over_RR  *+3_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pensioner_NN  under_IO  70_MC  (_(  65_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  who_PNQS earns_VBZ  *+3_NNU  11_MC  \0s_NNU  or_CC  more_DA  in_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  must_VM  declare_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  earned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  without_IO  delay_NN  .  
  48_MC  .  
  how_CS and_CC  when_CS to_TO  claim_VV0  retirement_NN  pension_NN  .  
  shortly_RR  before_CS  you_PPY  reach_VV0  pension_NN  age_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  retire_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  should_VM  apply_VV0  for_IO  your_APP$  right_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  pension_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  decided_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  usually_RR  sends_VBZ  an_AT1  application_NN  form_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  insured_JJ  person_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  got_VBN  one_MC1  three_MC  months_NNS  before_CS  you_PPY  reach_VV0  age_NN  65_MC  (_(  60_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  you_PPY  should_VM  enquire_VV0  at_IO  your_APP$  local_JJ  office_NN  .  
  before_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  be_VB0  awarded_VBN  a_AT1  pension_NN  you_PPY  must_VM  give_VV0  notice_NN  in_IO  writing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  retirement_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  this_DD1  up_RP  to_IO  4_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  advance_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  wife_NN  both_DB2  wish_VV0  to_TO  claim_VV0  a_AT1  pension_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  must_VM  give_VV0  notice_NN  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  wife_NN  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  no_AT1  work_NN  besides_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  domestic_JJ  duties_NNS  .  
  if_CS  your_APP$  claim_NN  ,_,  or_CC  your_APP$  notice_NN  of_IO  retirement_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  late_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  lose_VV0  benefit_NN  .  
  49_MC  .  
  cancelling_VBG  retirement_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  once_RR  retired_VBN  and_CC  decide_VV0  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  having_VHG  your_APP$  pension_NN  reduced_VBN  for_IO  earnings_NNS  ,_,  cancel_VV0  your_APP$  retirement_NN  and_CC  qualify_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  pension_NN  ,_,  as_CS  described_VBN  in_IO  paragraph_NN  46_MC  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  finally_RR  retire_VV0  or_CC  reach_VV0  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  70_MC  (_(  65_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  )_)  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  wife_NN  will_VM  both_DB2  have_VH0  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  your_APP$  pension_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pay_VV0  full_JJ  national_JJ  insurance_NN  contributions_NNS  while_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  working_VBG  .  
  widow's_NN1$  benefits_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  13_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  widowhood_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  benefit_NN  called_VBN  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  payment_NN  of_IO  widow's_NN1$  benefit_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  individual_JJ  circumstances_NNS  such_IO  as_II  family_NN  responsibilities_NNS  and_CC  age_NN  .  
  50_MC  .  
  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  standard_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  80_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  13_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  widowhood_NN  ,_,  with_IO  increases_NNS  of_IO  25_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  dependent_JJ  child_NN  and_CC  17_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  other_DA  dependent_JJ  child_NN  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  widowed_VBN  over_IO  60_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  only_RR  if_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  receiving_VBG  a_AT1  retirement_NN  pension_NN  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  widows_NNS  over_IO  60_MC  is_VBZ  explained_VBN  in_IO  paragraph_NN  57_MC  .  
  51_MC  .  
  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  a_AT1  widow_NN  left_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  dependent_JJ  child_NN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  22_MC  )_)  will_VM  usually_RR  get_VV0  a_AT1  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  finished_VBN  drawing_VBG  her_APP$  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  standard_JJ  weekly_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  82_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  widow_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  eldest_JJT  child_NN  ,_,  with_IO  increases_NNS  of_IO  17_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  other_DA  dependent_JJ  child_NN  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  will_VM  last_VV0  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  widow_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  dependent_JJ  child_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  family_NN  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  widowed_JJ  mother_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  because_IO  of_II  her_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  not_XX  readily_RR  support_VV0  herself_PPX1  by_IO  working_VBG  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  work_VV0  her_APP$  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  reduced_VBN  by_IO  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  of_IO  net_JB  earnings_NNS  between_IO  *+5_NNU  and_CC  *+6_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  by_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  over_IO  *+6_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  widow's_NN1$  personal_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  allowance_NN    usually_RR  57_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN    however_CS much_DA  she_PPHO1  earns_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  widowed_JJ  mother_NN  earning_VBG  *+5_NNU  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  or_CC  more_DA  in_IO  any_DD  week_NN  must_VM  declare_VV0  her_APP$  earnings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  without_IO  delay_NN  .  
  52_MC  .  
  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  personal_JJ  allowance_NN  .  
  a_AT1  widow_NN  whose_PNQV$  son_NN  or_CC  daughter_NN  has_VHZ  left_VBN  school_NN  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  qualify_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  dependent_JJ  child_NN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  22_MC  )_)  but_CCB  is_VBZ  still_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  18_MC  and_CC  living_VBG  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  can_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  personal_JJ  allowance_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  57_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  when_CS her_APP$  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  or_CC  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  ends_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  earnings_NNS  rule_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  53_MC  .  
  widow's_NN1$  pension_NN  .  
  the_AT1  standard_JJ  weekly_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  widow's_NN1$  pension_NN  is_VBZ  57_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  and_CC  a_AT1  widow_NN  may_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  ways_NNS  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  when_CS widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  ends_VBZ  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  over_IO  50_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  when_CS her_APP$  husband_NN  died_VVD  and_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  for_IO  3_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  more_DA  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  when_CS widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  ends_VBZ  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  then_RL  over_IO  50_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  (_(  40_MC  if_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  died_VBN  before_IO  4th_MD  February_NN1  ,_,  1957_MC  )_)  and_CC  3_MC  years_NNS  have_VH0  passed_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  marriage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pension_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  older_JJ  widow_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  readily_RR  support_VV0  herself_PPX1  by_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  full-time_JB  employment_NN  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  her_APP$  widow's_NN1$  pension_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  reduced_VBN  by_IO  6_MC  \0d_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  of_IO  net_JB  earnings_NNS  between_IO  *+3_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  and_CC  *+4_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  by_IO  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  for_IO  every_AT1  complete_JJ  shilling_NN  over_IO  *+4_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  widow_NN  earning_VBG  *+3_NNU  11_MC  \0s_NNU  or_CC  more_DA  in_IO  any_DD  week_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  to_TO  notify_VV0  the_AT1  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  without_IO  delay_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  special_JJ  rules_NNS  which_DDQ  enable_VV0  a_AT1  widow_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  qualify_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  widow's_NN1$  pension_NN  or_CC  qualifies_VBZ  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  10_MC  \0s_NNU  pension_NN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  55_MC  )_)  to_TO  get_VV0  unemployment_NN  or_CC  sickness_NN  benefit_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  work_NN  or_CC  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  because_IO  of_II  illness_NN  when_CS the_AT1  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  or_CC  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  ends_VBZ  .  
  54_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  contribution_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  husband's_NN1$  contributions_NNS  count_VV0  for_IO  widow's_NN1$  benefit_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  contribution_NN  conditions_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  fulfilled_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  widow's_NN1$  own_DA  insurance_NN  record_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  contribution_NN  conditions_NNS  :_:  
  first_RR    the_AT1  husband_NN  must_VM  normally_RR  have_VH0  paid_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  156_MC  contributions_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  class_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  last_RR  became_VVD  insured_VBN  .  
  second_RR    for_IO  benefit_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  paid_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  standard_JJ  rate_NN  the_AT1  husband_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  paid_VBN  or_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  credited_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  yearly_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  50_MC  contributions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  average_NN  is_VBZ  below_IO  50_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  13_MC  ,_,  benefit_NN  is_VBZ  paid_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  reduced_JJ  rate_NN  .  
  55_MC  .  
  widow's_NN1$  10_MC  \0s_NNU  pension_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  widows_NNS  have_VH0  had_VHN  preserved_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  rights_NNS  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  expected_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  acts_NNS  in_IO  force_NN  before_IO  July_NN1  1948_MC    the_AT1    10_MC  \0s_NNU  pension_NN    .  
  the_AT1  widows_NNS  in_IO  question_NN  are_VBR  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  before_IO  5th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1948_MC  ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  insured_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  scheme_NN  immediately_RR  before_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  .  
  57_MC  .  
  how_CS and_CC  when_CS to_TO  claim_VV0  widow's_NN1$  benefit_NN  .  
  a_AT1  person_NN  registering_VBG  a_AT1  death_NN  can_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  death_NN  certificate_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  of_IO  deaths_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  certificate_NN  the_AT1  widow_NN  can_VM  let_VV0  her_APP$  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  know_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  claim_VV0  benefit_NN  .  
  a_AT1  form_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  claim_VV0  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  form_NN  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  any_DD  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  claim_NN  is_VBZ  delayed_VBN  more_RRR  than_IO  three_MC  months_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  husband's_NN1$  death_NN  the_AT1  widow_NN  may_VM  lose_VV0  some_DD  benefit_NN  .  
  widow's_NN1$  benefit_NN  stops_VBZ  if_CS  the_AT1  widow_NN  remarries_VBZ  .  
  57_MC  .  
  widows_NNS  over_IO  60_MC  .  
  retirement_NN  pension_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  paid_VBN  instead_RR  of_IO  widow's_NN1$  pension_NN  to_IO  widows_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  over_IO  60_MC  when_CS widowed_VBN  .  
  other_DA  widows_NNS  qualify_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  retirement_NN  pension_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  insurance_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  retire_VV0  at_IO  or_CC  after_IO  reaching_VBG  age_NN  60_MC  ;_;  there_EX  are_VBR  special_JJ  rules_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  qualify_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  widow_NN  entitled_VBN  to_IO  widow's_NN1$  allowance_NN  ,_,  because_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  receiving_VBG  a_AT1  retirement_NN  pension_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  widowed_JJ  mother's_NN1$  allowance_NN  when_CS over_IO  60_MC  will_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  that_DD1  allowance_NN  if_CS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  usually_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  more_RG  favourable_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  than_IO  the_AT1  flat-rate_JB  retirement_NN  pension_NN  .  
  the_AT1  widow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  paid_VBN  graduated_JJ  contributions_NNS  will_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  graduated_JJ  addition_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  flat-rate_JB  retirement_NN  pension_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  one-half_MC  the_AT1  graduated_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pension_NN  which_DDQ  her_APP$  husband_NN  had_VHD  earned_VBN  or_CC  was_VBDZ  drawing_VBG  when_CS he_PPHO1  died_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  top_II  of_II  any_DD  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  herself_PPX1  has_VHZ  earned_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  45_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  becomes_VBZ  a_AT1  widow_NN  when_CS under_IO  60_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  receive_VV0  any_DD  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  entitled_VBN  when_CS she_PPHO1  qualifies_VBZ  for_IO  her_APP$  retirement_NN  pension_NN  .  
  a_AT1  widow_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  entitled_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  retirement_NN  pension_NN  because_IO  of_II  deferred_JJ  retirement_NN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  46_MC  )_)  .  
  child's_NN1$  special_JJ  allowance_NN  .  
  58_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  child's_NN1$  special_JJ  allowance_NN  .  
  this_DD1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  whose_PNQV$  marriage_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  dissolved_VBN  or_CC  annulled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  former_DA  husband_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  child_NN  to_IO  whose_PNQV$  support_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  contributing_VBG  at_RR  least_RR  5_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  in_IO  cash_NN  or_CC  its_APP$  equivalent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  paid_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  woman_NN  has_VHZ  remarried_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  allowance_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  the_AT1  former_DA  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  paying_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  support_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  subject_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  25_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  child_NN  and_CC  17_MC  \0s_NNU  for_IO  each_DD1  other_DA  child_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  family_NN  allowances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  contribution_NN  conditions_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  for_IO  widow's_NN1$  benefit_NN  (_(  see_VV0  paragraph_NN  54_MC  )_)  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  reduced_VBN  where_CS the_AT1  former_DA  husband's_NN1$  yearly_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  paid_JJ  or_CC  credited_JJ  contributions_NNS  is_VBZ  below_IO  50_MC  although_CS  the_AT1  allowance_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  paid_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  average_NN  is_VBZ  below_IO  13_MC  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  claimed_VBN  within_IO  three_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  husband's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  otherwise_RR  some_DD  benefit_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  lost_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  claim_NN  form_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  through_IO  any_DD  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  .  
  guardian's_NN1$  allowance_NN  .  
  59_MC  .  
  for_IO  orphan_NN  children_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  guardian's_NN1$  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  32_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  week_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS takes_VBZ  into_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  an_AT1  orphan_NN  child_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  parents_NNS  are_VBR  dead_JJ  .  
  special_JJ  rules_NNS  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  of_IO  divorced_JJ  parents_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  adopted_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  illegitimate_JJ  children_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  children_NNS  one_MC1  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  parents_NNS  is_VBZ  missing_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  dies_VBZ  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  orphan's_NN1$  parents_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  insured_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  requirement_NN  that_CS  any_DD  particular_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  contributions_NNS  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  paid_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  allowance_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  claimed_VBN  not_XX  later_RRR  than_IO  3_MC  months_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  joins_VBZ  the_AT1  family_NN  ;_;  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  guardian_NN  may_VM  lose_VV0  some_DD  benefit_NN  .  
  a_AT1  claim_NN  form_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  office_NN  .  
  a_AT1  child_NN  for_IO  whom_WPO  a_AT1  guardian's_NN1$  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  paid_VBN  can_VM  not_XX  count_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  family_NN  allowances_NNS  .  
  death_NN  grant_NN  .  
  60_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  death_NN  grant_NN  .  
  a_AT1  death_NN  grant_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sum_NN  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  insured_JJ  person_NN  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  ,_,  husband_NN  or_CC  child_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  insured_JJ  person_NN  .  
  thirty-six_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  our_APP$  imports_NNS  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  correct_JJ  in_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  over_RR  20_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  metropolitan_JJ  France's_PPIO2  imports_NNS  come_VV0  from_IO  territories_NNS  having_VHG  a_AT1  special_JJ  relationship_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  be_VB0  that_DD1  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  ,_,  the_AT1  trade_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  very_RG  great_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  among_IO  the_AT1  dependent_NN  or_CC  newly_RR  independent_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  Mauritius_NP  sends_VBZ  82_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  her_APP$  exports_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  ;_;  Sierra_NP  Leone_NP  70_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ;_;  and_CC  Nigeria_NP  51_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  is_VBZ  also_RR  heavily_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  market_NN  ,_,  sending_VBG  56_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  her_APP$  exports_NNS  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  exports_NNS  which_DDQ  Australia_NP  ,_,  India_NP  and_CC  Ceylon_NP  send_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  30_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  32_MC  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  general_JJ  recognition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  devise_VV0  satisfactory_JJ  arrangements_NNS  to_TO  protect_VV0  vital_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  this_DD1  background_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  helpful_JJ  to_TO  suggest_VV0  in_IO  more_DA  detail_NN  how_CS the_AT1  problem_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  split_VBN  up_RP  into_IO  its_APP$  different_JJ  components_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  might_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  .  
  33_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  developed_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  territories_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  still_RR  dependent_JJ  .  
  may_VM  I_PPIS1  start_VV0  by_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  describe_VV0  briefly_RR  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  needs_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  dependent_JJ  territories_NNS  some_DD  are_VBR  moving_VBG  towards_IO  independence_NN  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  ,_,  Tanganyika_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  independent_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  our_APP$  negotiations_NNS  are_VBR  completed_VBN  .  
  for_IO  others_DA2  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  foresee_VV0  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  constitutional_JJ  position_NN  more_RG  advanced_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  internal_JJ  self-government_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  developed_JJ  countries_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  already_RR  independent_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  three_MC    Ghana_NP  ,_,  Nigeria_NP  and_CC  Sierra_NP  Leone_NP    are_VBR  in_IO  Africa_NP  ;_;  four_MC    India_NP  ,_,  Pakistan_NP  ,_,  Ceylon_NP  and_CC  Malaya_NP    are_VBR  in_IO  Asia_NP  ;_;  and_CC  one_MC1  ,_,  Cyprus_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  Cyprus_NP  ,_,  Malta_NP  ,_,  Gibraltar_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Falkland_NP  Islands_NPLS  ,_,  all_DB  these_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  have_VH0  tropical_JJ  or_CC  sub-tropical_JJ  climates_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  nearly_RR  all_DB  produce_VV0  tropical_JJ  products_NNS  and_CC  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  many_DA  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  also_RR  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  at_IO  present_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  under_IO  part_NN  4_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  treaty_NN  of_IO  Rome_NP  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  seeking_VBG  to_TO  establish_VV0  secondary_JJ  industries_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  diversify_VV0  their_APP$  economies_NNS  and_CC  reduce_VV0  their_APP$  very_RG  great_JJ  dependence_NN  upon_IO  imports_NNS  .  
  India_NP  ,_,  Pakistan_NP  and_CC  Hong_NP  Kong_NP  are_VBR  also_RR  exporters_NNS  of_IO  certain_JJ  manufactured_JJ  goods_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  some_DD  others_DA2  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  Malta_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  West_NP  Indies_NP2  ,_,  hope_VV0  to_TO  follow_VV0  their_APP$  example_NN  ,_,  though_CS  on_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  smaller_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  34_MC  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  attach_VV0  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  preferences_NNS  and_CC  duty-free_JJ  entry_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  enjoy_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  market_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_DA  few_DA  other_DA  special_JJ  arrangements_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  vital_JJ  to_IO  certain_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  territories_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  of_IO  importance_NN    in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN    to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  compete_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  markets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  on_IO  equal_JJ  terms_NNS  with_IO  other_DA  exporters_NNS  of_IO  similar_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  certainly_RR  not_XX  understand_VV0  if_CS  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  were_VBDR  obliged_VBN  to_TO  discriminate_VV0  against_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  other_DA  non-European_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  feature_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  their_APP$  need_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  industrial_JJ  development_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  unavoidable_JJ  reliance_NN  on_IO  indirect_JJ  taxation_NN  for_IO  revenue_NN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  put_VV0  tariffs_NNS  on_IO  imports_NNS  of_IO  manufactured_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  35_MC  .  
  in_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  our_APP$  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  would_VM  create_VV0  for_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  studied_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  interest_NN  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  laid_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  part_NN  4_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  treaty_NN  of_IO  Rome_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  related_JJ  convention_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0E.E.C_NP  of_IO  certain_JJ  overseas_JB  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  members_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  community_NN  previously_RR  had_VHD  special_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  some_DD  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  have_VH0  expressed_VBN  the_AT1  opinion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  association_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  appropriate_JJ  for_IO  independent_JJ  states_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  view_NN  may_VM  not_XX  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  arrangements_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  less_RG  developed_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  dependent_JJ  territories_NNS  ,_,  given_VBN  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  so_PN1  wish_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  terms_NNS  as_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  will_VM  in_IO  future_NN  be_VB0  available_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  associated_JJ  overseas_JB  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  discuss_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  already_RR  at_IO  work_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  association_NN  .  
  some_DD  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  may_VM  feel_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  other_DA  arrangements_NNS  might_VM  suit_VV0  them_PPHO1  better_RRR  .  
  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  prejudge_VV0  any_DD  solutions_NNS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  decide_VV0  to_TO  propose_VV0  .  
  36_MC  .  
  association_NN  may_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  a_AT1  solution_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  others_DA2  it_PPH1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  possible_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  way_NN  of_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  associated_VBN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  arrange_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  maintain_VV0  unimpaired_JJ  their_APP$  rights_NNS  of_IO  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  market_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  for_IO  Morocco's_PPIO2  trade_NN  with_IO  France_NP  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  Surinam's_PPIO2  trade_NN  with_IO  Benelux_NP  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  protocol_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Rome_NP  treaty_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  recognise_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  solution_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  applicable_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  proceeding_VBG  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  commodity-by-commodity_JB  basis_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  helpful_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  groups_NNS  of_IO  commodities_NNS    tropical_JJ  products_NNS  ,_,  materials_NNS  ,_,  manufactures_NNS  and_CC  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  .  
  37_MC  .  
  difficulties_NNS  will_VM  arise_VV0  over_IO  tropical_JJ  products_NNS  if_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  less-developed_JB  countries_NNS  or_CC  territories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  enter_VV0  into_IO  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  association_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  there_EX  does_VBZ  not_XX  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  any_DD  complete_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  such_DA  difficulties_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  two_MC  alternative_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  approach_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  appropriate_JJ  when_CS not_XX  only_RR  equality_NN  of_IO  opportunity_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  some_DD  measure_NN  of_IO  protection_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  grant_VV0  free_JJ  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  market_NN  alone_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  country_NN  or_CC  territory_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  associated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  fix_VV0  the_AT1  common_JJ  tariff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enlarged_JJ  community_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  level_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  safeguard_VV0  the_AT1  interests_NNS  both_DB2  of_IO  that_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  line_NN  of_IO  approach_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  fix_VV0  a_AT1  zero_MC  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  low_JJ  ,_,  level_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  tariff_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  important_JJ  commodities_NNS  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  without_IO  significant_JJ  damage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  countries_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  tea_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  commodity_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  India_NP  and_CC  Ceylon_NP  ,_,  and_CC  so_PN1  is_VBZ  cocoa_NN  to_IO  Ghana_NP  .  
  a_AT1  zero_MC  common_JJ  tariff_NN  would_VM  go_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  way_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  trade_NN  problems_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  solved_VBN  by_IO  association_NN  .  
  38_MC  .  
  materials_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  in_RR  general_RR  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  common_JJ  tariff_NN  on_IO  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  zero_MC  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  substantial_JJ  .  
  five_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1    aluminium_NN  ,_,  wood_NN  pulp_NN  ,_,  newsprint_NN  ,_,  lead_NN  and_CC  zinc_NN    are_VBR  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  certain_JJ  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  :_:  on_IO  these_DD2  five_MC  materials_NNS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  seek_VV0  a_AT1  zero_MC  tariff_NN  .  
  39_MC  .  
  manufactures_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  imported_VBN  duty-free_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  both_DB2  from_IO  the_AT1  developed_JJ  countries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN    Canada_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  and_CC  New_NP  Zealand_NP    and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  developed_JJ  Asian_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  exporting_JJ  industries_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  countries_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  assisted_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  development_NN  by_IO  free_JJ  entry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  preferential_JJ  position_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  enjoyed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  seriously_RR  affected_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  by_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  preferences_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  market_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  if_CS  their_APP$  position_NN  were_VBDR  transformed_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  export_NN  trade_NN  was_VBDZ  affected_VBN  by_IO  reverse_JJ  preferences_NNS  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  nevertheless_RR  we_PPIS2  recognise_VV0  that_CS  indefinite_JJ  and_CC  unlimited_JJ  continuation_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  entry_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  compatible_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  willing_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  ways_NNS  of_IO  reconciling_VBG  these_DD2  two_MC  conflicting_JJ  considerations_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  manageable_JJ  proportions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  trade_NN  in_IO  question_NN  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  concerned_VBN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  large_JJ  in_IO  total_NN  in_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  European_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  40_MC  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  arises_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  form_NN  for_IO  manufactures_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  less-developed_JB  countries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  so-called_JB  low_JJ  cost_NN  manufactures_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  occurs_VBZ  most_RG  acutely_RR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  Asian_JJ  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  colony_NN  of_IO  Hong_NP  Kong_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  increasing_JJ  international_JJ  recognition_NN  that_CS  developed_JJ  countries_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  duty_NN  to_TO  facilitate_VV0  international_JJ  trade_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  joining_VBG  the_AT1  \0E.E.C_NP  ,_,  must_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  how_CS far_RR  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  under_IO  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  part_NN  4_MC  association_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  probably_RR  agree_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  interest_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  should_VM  erect_VV0  fresh_JJ  tariff_NN  barriers_NNS  to_TO  cut_VV0  back_RP  such_DA  trade_NN  .  
  41_MC  .  
  a_AT1  major_JJ  concern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  fully_RR  developed_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  is_VBZ  their_APP$  trade_NN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  .  
  Australia_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Canada_NP  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  vital_JJ  interests_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  special_JJ  arrangements_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  42_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  you_PPY  some_DD  figures_NNS  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  how_CS essential_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  exports_NNS  of_IO  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  are_VBR  .  
  New_NP  Zealand's_PPIO2  total_JJ  exports_NNS  in_IO  1959_MC  were_VBDR  valued_VBN  at_IO  *+290_NNU  million_MC  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  *+170_NNU  million_MC  worth_NN  ,_,  or_CC  about_RR  60_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  were_VBDR  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  .  
  *+130_NNU  million_MC  worth_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  *+170_NNU  million_MC  ,_,  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  exports_NNS  to_IO  us_PPIO2   consisted_VVD  of_IO  mutton_NN  ,_,  lamb_NN  ,_,  butter_NN  and_CC  cheese_NN  .  
  over_RR  90_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  total_JJ  exports_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  commodities_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  if_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  New_NP  Zealand_NP  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  by_IO  one_MC1  means_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  be_VB0  assured_VBN  of_IO  comparable_JJ  outlets_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  whole_JJ  economy_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  shattered_VBN  .  
  New_NP  Zealand's_PPIO2  problem_NN  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  acute_JJ  because_IO  of_II  her_APP$  dependence_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  limited_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  exports_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  other_DA  commonwealth_NN  commodity_NN  problems_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  in_IO  kind_NN  if_CS  not_XX  in_IO  degree_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  Australia_NP  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  exports_VBZ  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  varied_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  products_NNS  ,_,  relies_VBZ  on_IO  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  for_IO  35_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  her_APP$  exports_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  temperate_JJ  foodstuffs_NNS  she_PPHO1  sends_VBZ  abroad_RR  are_VBR  valued_VBN  at_IO  *+250_NNU  million_MC  :_:  of_IO  these_DD2  *+100_NNU  million_MC  worth_NN  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  figures_NNS  will_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  but_CCB  figures_NNS  alone_RR  can_VM  not_XX  tell_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  story_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  bear_VV0  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  both_DB2  on_IO  particular_JJ  localities_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  individual_JJ  producers_NNS  in_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  .  
  43_MC  .  
  to_IO  many_DA  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  has_VHZ  both_DB2  moral_JJ  and_CC  contractual_JJ  obligations_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  planned_VBN  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  economies_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  mention_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  sugar_NN  agreement_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  are_VBR  all_DB  familiar_JJ  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  recognised_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  sugar_NN  agreement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  an_AT1  assured_JJ  basis_NN  for_IO  sugar_NN  production_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  dependent_JJ  territories_NNS  .  
  44_MC  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  therefore_RR  is_VBZ  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  our_APP$  obligations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  agricultural_JJ  policy_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  evolves_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  solutions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  which_DDQ  will_VM  prove_VV0  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  commission's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  emphasise_VV0  that_CS  trade_NN  policy_NN  in_IO  agricultural_JJ  products_NNS  should_VM  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  internal_JJ  agricultural_JJ  considerations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  trade_NN  with_IO  third_MD  countries_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  liberal_JJ  approach_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  with_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  fully_RR  agree_VV0  .  
  45_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  therefore_RR  hope_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  reach_VV0  agreement_NN  in_IO  principle_NN  that_CS  full_JJ  regard_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  producers_NNS  concerned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  outlets_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  produce_NN  comparable_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  they_PPHS2  now_RL  enjoy_VV0  .  
  46_MC  .  
  the_AT1  precise_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  arrangements_NNS  needed_VBN  to_TO  protect_VV0  vital_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  will_VM  need_VV0  careful_JJ  consideration_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  extent_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  common_JJ  agricultural_JJ  policy_NN  is_VBZ  developed_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  to_TO  work_VV0  jointly_RR  with_IO  you_PPY  in_IO  examining_VBG  these_DD2  problems_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  agricultural_JJ  policy_NN  .  chapter_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  home_NN1  in_IO  its_APP$  setting_NN  .  
  159_MC  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  consequence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  changes_NNS  referred_VBN  to_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  opening_JJ  chapter_NN  problems_NNS  are_VBR  making_VBG  themselves_PPX2  felt_VBN  in_IO  relating_NN  homes_NN2  to_IO  their_APP$  setting_NN  because_CS  practice_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  caught_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  changes_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  .  
  car_NN  ownership_NN  and_CC  traffic_NN  dangers_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  the_AT1  old_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  estates_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  .  
  the_AT1  streets_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  safe_JJ  place_NN  for_IO  children_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  baker_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  milkman_NN  came_VVD  by_IO  horse_NN  and_CC  cart_NN  and_CC  everyone_PN1  walked_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  .  
  with_IO  one_MC1  family_NN  in_IO  three_MC  owning_VBG  a_AT1  car_NN  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  delivery_NN  and_CC  public_JJ  transport_NN  and_CC  service_NN  vehicles_NNS  often_RR  all_DB  using_VBG  the_AT1  residential_JJ  street_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  arrangements_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,  once_RR  highly_RR  important_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  growing_VBG  vegetables_NNS  and_CC  fruit_NN  to_TO  supplement_VV0  the_AT1  diet_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  families_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  by_IO  today's_NP1  standards_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  poorly_RR  paid_VBN  and_CC  insecure_JJ  ,_,  no_RR  longer_RRR  serves_VBZ  that_DD1  purpose_NN  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  pressure_NN  on_IO  land_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  rebuild_VV0  in_IO  city_NN  centres_NNS  is_VBZ  compelling_VBG  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  increases_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  somewhere_RR  for_IO  children_NNS  to_TO  play_VV0  .  
  160_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  estates_NNS  where_CS new_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  layout_NN  attempt_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  present_JJ  day_NN  needs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  for_CS  housing_NN  can_VM  become_VV0  obsolete_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  layout_NN  just_RR  as_RG  surely_RR  as_CS  in_IO  its_APP$  internal_JJ  design_NN  and_CC  facilities_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  work_NN  is_VBZ  obsolete_JJ  from_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  built_VBN  .  
  layout_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  within_IO  our_APP$  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  formulate_VV0  views_NNS  upon_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  our_APP$  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  provision_NN  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  cars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  play_NN  space_NN  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  blocks_NNS  of_IO  flats_NNS  .  
  161_MC  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  subjects_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  given_VBN  to_TO  understand_VV0  that_CS  advice_NN  on_IO  standards_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  welcome_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  access_NN  requirements_NNS  of_IO  terrace_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  markedly_RR  influence_VV0  their_APP$  internal_JJ  arrangement_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  propose_VV0  to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  two_MC  others_DA2    gardens_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  general_JJ  appearance_NN  of_IO  domestic_JJ  building_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  external_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  162_MC  .  
  after_IO  inspecting_VBG  so_RG  many_DA  developments_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  bound_VBN  to_TO  record_VV0  our_APP$  concern_NN  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  a_AT1  vast_JJ  gap_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  housing_NN  schemes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  control_NN  of_IO  development_NN  by_IO  town_NN  planning_NN  can_VM  not_XX  by_IO  itself_PPX1  produce_VV0  good_JJ  layout_NN  and_CC  appearance_NN    the_AT1  onus_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  this_DD1  lies_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  developer_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  private_JJ  individual_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  without_IO  using_VBG  qualified_JJ  professional_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  architects_NNS  and_CC  landscape_NN  architects_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  design_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  individual_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  house_NN  group_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  every_AT1  bit_NN  as_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  layout_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  examples_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  field_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  examples_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  sector_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  any_DD  reason_NN  why_CS our_APP$  town_NN  and_CC  countryside_NN  should_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  spoilt_VBN  by_IO  unimaginative_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  good_JJ  layout_NN  and_CC  landscaping_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  well_RR  chosen_JJ  external_JJ  materials_NNS  and_CC  colours_NNS  throughout_IO  an_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  go_VV0  nine-tenths_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  towards_IO  creating_VBG  beauty_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  ugliness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  broad_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  necessarily_RR  costly_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  laboured_JJ  detailing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  dwelling_NN  ,_,  that_CS  housing_NN  development_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  pleasing_JJ  and_CC  attractive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
  163_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  applicable_JJ  to_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  private_JJ  enterprise_NN  alike_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  those_DD2  private_JJ  developers_NNS  who_PNQS remain_VV0  wedded_VBN  to_IO  old_JJ  plans_NNS  grown_VBN  dusty_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS are_VBR  content_JJ  with_IO  amateur_NN  layout_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS provide_VV0  no_AT1  landscaping_NN  but_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  subsoil_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  ,_,  often_RR  do_VD0  so_PN1  because_CS  they_PPHS2  fear_VV0  conservatism_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  buyer_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  building_NN  society_NN  .  
  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  some_DD  building_NN  societies_NNS  are_VBR  conservative_JJ  ,_,  buyers_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  less_RG  so_PN1  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fact_NN  worth_IO  recording_VBG  that_CS  many_DA  builders_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  surprised_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  houses_NNS  catering_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  conformable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  eye_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  design_NN  displace_VV0  from_IO  their_APP$  order_NN  books_NNS  older_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  conventional_JJ  plans_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  previously_RR  been_VBN  offering_VBG  .  
  we_PPIS2  therefore_RR  urge_VV0  those_DD2  developers_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  already_RR  do_VD0  so_PN1  to_TO  turn_VV0  increasingly_RR  to_IO  qualified_JJ  people_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  difficult_JJ  and_CC  indispensable_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  designing_VBG  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  layout_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  .  
  for_CS  design_NN  now_RL  sells_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  other_DA  considerations_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  appeal_VV0  ,_,  that_DD1  alone_RR  should_VM  provide_VV0  the_AT1  incentive_NN  .  
  164_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  designed_VBN  for_IO  ease_NN  of_IO  maintenance_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  that_CS  funds_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  the_AT1  dwellings_NNS  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  the_AT1  spaces_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  .  
  by_IO  ensuring_VBG  that_DD1  newly_RR  created_JJ  property_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  environment_NN  is_VBZ  properly_RR  looked_VBN  after_IO  ,_,  its_APP$  fresh_JJ  appearance_NN  actually_RR  improves_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  lawns_NNS  ,_,  trees_NNS  and_CC  shrubs_NNS  grow_VV0  to_IO  maturity_NN  .  
  165_MC  .  
  with_IO  notable_JJ  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  private_JJ  development_NN  displays_VBZ  no_AT1  co-ordination_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  and_CC  planting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lags_VBZ  far_RR  behind_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  many_DA  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS as_IO  landlords_NNS  can_VM  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  that_CS  many_DA  other_DA  European_JJ  countries_NNS  reach_VV0  a_AT1  far_RR  higher_JJ  standard_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  private_JJ  estate_NN  layout_NN  than_CS  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  ,_,  very_RG  largely_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  housing_NN  associations_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  take_VV0  full_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  initial_JJ  landscaping_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  maintenance_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  already_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  established_JJ  ways_NNS  of_IO  keeping_VBG  owner_NN  occupied_JJ  property_NN  in_IO  good_JJ  and_CC  tasteful_JJ  repair_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  in_IO  good_JJ  condition_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  restrictive_JJ  covenants_NNS  governing_VBG  repainting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscaping_NN  .  
  non-profit-making_JB  companies_NNS  ,_,  run_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  occupiers_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  are_VBR  proving_VBG  successful_JJ  .  
  television_NN  aerials_NNS  .  
  166_MC  .  
  the_AT1  forest_NN  of_IO  roof_NN  top_NN  aerials_NNS  brought_VBN  into_IO  being_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  television_NN  and_CC  \0VHF_JJ  radio_NN  stirs_VBZ  many_DA  people_NNS  to_IO  strong_JJ  condemnation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  for_IO  our_APP$  part_NN  share_VV0  these_DD2  feelings_NNS  .  
  since_CS  television_NN  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  improved_JJ  sensitivity_NN  of_IO  receivers_NNS  have_VH0  made_VBN  outdoor_JB  aerials_NNS  less_RG  necessary_JJ  in_IO  many_DA  locations_NNS  .  
  indoor_JB  or_CC  roof_NN  space_NN  aerials_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  invariably_RR  give_VV0  satisfactory_JJ  performance_NN  even_RR  in_IO  strong_JJ  signal_NN  areas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  no_AT1  easy_JJ  or_CC  universal_JJ  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  .  
  but_CCB  investigations_NNS  ,_,  notably_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  Rowntree_NP  trust_NN  at_IO  Earswick_NP  (_(  York_NP  )_)  ,_,  where_CS on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  estate_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  almost_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  houses_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  satisfactorily_RR  served_VBN  by_IO  indoor_JB  television_NN  aerials_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  people_NNS  often_RR  think_VV0  of_IO  buying_VBG  expensive_JJ  outdoor_JB  aerials_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  need_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  167_MC  .  
  some_DD  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  building_VBG  blocks_NNS  of_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  new_JJ  town_NN  corporations_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  providing_VBG  master_NN  aerial_NN  installations_NNS  which_DDQ  amplify_VV0  the_AT1  signal_NN  received_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1  aerial_NN  installation_NN  and_CC  distribute_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  wire_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  dwellings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  circumstances_NNS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  and_CC  sensible_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  in_IO  private_JJ  enterprise_NN  housing_NN  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  less_DA  scope_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  master_NN  installations_NNS  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  blocks_NNS  of_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  there_EX  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  organisation_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  its_APP$  common_JJ  ownership_NN  and_CC  maintenance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  many_DA  areas_NNS  there_EX  are_VBR  relay_NN  companies_NNS  which_DDQ  provide_VV0  an_AT1  aerial_NN  service_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  basis_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  skyline_NN  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  .  
  in_IO  locations_NNS  where_CS an_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  aerial_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  a_AT1  standardised_JJ  aerial_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  dwelling_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  estate_NN  may_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  practical_JJ  possibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  commend_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  developers_NNS  .  
  168_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  continuing_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  new_JJ  frequency_NN  bands_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  into_IO  use_NN  for_IO  additional_JJ  or_CC  colour_NN  programmes_NNS  another_DD1  crop_NN  of_IO  aerials_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  much_RR  higher_JJ  frequencies_NNS  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  concerned_VBN  the_AT1  rods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  aerials_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  about_RR  one_MC1  foot_NN  long_JJ  ,_,  outdoor_JB  aerials_NNS  erected_VBN  clear_JJ  of_IO  buildings_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  even_RR  quite_RR  near_II  to_IO  powerful_JJ  transmitters_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  important_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  estates_NNS  that_CS  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  large_JJ  property_NN  owners_NNS  should_VM  bear_VV0  in_IO  mind_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  post_NN  office_NN  engineers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  mitigate_VV0  the_AT1  nuisance_NN  ;_;  and_CC  they_PPHS2  should_VM  take_VV0  every_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  2_MC  .  
  gardens_NNS  .  
  169_MC  .  
  the_AT1  post_JB  war_NN  improvements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  mean_VV0  that_CS  few_DA  families_NNS  now_RL  rely_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  properly_RR  fed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  used_VBN  for_IO  outdoor_JB  living_NN  ,_,  for_IO  children's_NN2  play_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  sleep_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  cultivated_VBN  either_LE  for_IO  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  gardening_NN  or_CC  only_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  tidy_JJ  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  densities_NNS  to_TO  increase_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  as_CS  space_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  provided_VBN  for_IO  more_DA  cars_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  squeeze_VV0  garden_NN  sizes_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  will_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  cater_VV0  for_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  we_PPIS2  received_VVD  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  any_DD  call_NN  for_IO  large_JJ  gardens_NNS  is_VBZ  declining_VBG  as_CS  other_DA  interests_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  come_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  more_DA  of_IO  people's_NN2  leisure_NN  time_NN  .  
  where_CS gardens_NNS  are_VBR  small_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  when_CS houses_NNS  are_VBR  built_VBN  at_IO  densities_NNS  which_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  have_VH0  usually_RR  called_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  important_JJ  to_TO  plan_VV0  for_IO  children's_NN2  play_NN  space_NN  nearby_RR  .  
  170_MC  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  gardens_NNS  arrangements_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  which_DDQ  will_VM  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  privacy_NN  for_IO  sitting_VBG  out_RP  and_CC  having_VHG  meals_NNS  outside_RP  .  
  present_JJ  day_NN  gardens_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  sadly_RR  lacking_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  amenity_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  terrace_VV0  houses_NNS    access_NN  .  
  171_MC  .  
  probably_RR  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  houses_NNS  built_VBN  since_IO  1945_MC  have_VH0  been_VBN  laid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  garden_NN  gate_NN  giving_VBG  direct_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  various_JJ  means_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  adopted_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  for_IO  access_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  back_NN    a_AT1  tunnel_NN  between_IO  pairs_NNS  of_IO  houses_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  through_JB  store_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  store_NN  leading_VBG  through_IO  a_AT1  utility_NN  room_NN  ;_;  or_CC  a_AT1  store_NN  leading_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  pedestrian_NN  segregation_NN  and_CC  car_NN  storage_NN  ,_,  much_DA  future_JB  terrace_NN  housing_NN  will_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  access_NN  to_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  so_RR  meeting_VBG  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  by_IO  house_NN  and_CC  layout_NN  taken_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  access_NN  ,_,  without_IO  entering_VBG  hall_NN  ,_,  kitchen_NN  or_CC  any_DD  living_NN  room_NN  ,_,  for_IO  bicycles_NNS  from_IO  road_NN  or_CC  public_JJ  path_NN  to_TO  store_VV0  ;_;  for_IO  garden_NN  tools_NNS  from_IO  store_NN  to_IO  place_NN  of_IO  use_NN  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  garden_NN  materials_NNS  from_IO  place_NN  of_IO  delivery_NN  to_IO  place_NN  of_IO  use_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  requirement_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  contravened_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  circumstances_NNS    the_AT1  refuse_NN  collector_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  dust-bin_NN  store_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  coalman_NN  the_AT1  fuel_NN  store_NN  ,_,  without_IO  entering_VBG  any_DD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  must_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  planned_VBN  having_VHG  due_JJ  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  householder_NN  .  
  maintenance_NN  men_NNS  also_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  ladders_NNS  to_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  play_NN  space_NN  .  
  172_MC  .  
    while_CS  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  attendance_NN  at_IO  school_NN  is_VBZ  compulsory_JJ  between_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  of_IO  five_MC  and_CC  fifteen_MC  ,_,  enjoyment_NN  of_IO  facilities_NNS  for_IO  following_VBG  his_APP$  out-of-school_JB  interests_NNS  is_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  remain_VV0  ,_,  within_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  or_CC  parents'_NN2  choice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  as_RG  much_DA  concern_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  facilities_NNS  for_IO  these_DD2  leisure-time_JB  activities_NNS  as_CS  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  school_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  attend_VV0    .  
  173_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  agree_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flats_NNS  sub-committee_NN  published_VBN  as_IO    living_VBG  in_IO  flats_NNS    in_IO  1952_MC  that_CS    the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  playgrounds_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  call_NN  on_IO  available_JJ  space_NN  around_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  on_IO  children_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  restrictions_NNS  of_IO  flat_JJ  life_NN  press_VV0  most_RG  hardly_RR  .    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  board_NN  have_VH0  almost_RR  completed_VBN  the_AT1  rationalisation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  stores_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  sixty_MC  old_JJ  premises_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  vacated_VBN  ,_,  twenty-one_MC  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  built_VBN  and_CC  twenty-three_MC  completely_RR  reorganised_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  board_NN  after_IO  completing_VBG  the_AT1  centralisation_NN  of_IO  meter_NN  maintenance_NN  have_VH0  achieved_VBN  a_AT1  40_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  increase_NN  in_IO  output_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  1948-49_MC-MC  ,_,  with_IO  substantial_JJ  savings_NNS  in_IO  costs_NNS  .  
  237_MC  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  clerical_JJ  methods_NNS  and_CC  accounting_NN  techniques_NNS  are_VBR  under_IO  continual_JJ  review_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  boards_NNS  .  
  electronic_JJ  calculators_NNS  and_CC  high_JJ  speed_NN  tabulators_NNS  have_VH0  steadily_RR  replaced_VBN  older_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  equipment_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  now_RL  commonplace_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  computers_NNS  is_VBZ  proceeding_VBG  where_CS justifiable_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  council_NN  and_CC  boards_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  close_JJ  touch_NN  with_IO  manufacturers_NNS  about_IO  computer_NN  developments_NNS  of_IO  special_JJ  significance_NN  for_IO  electricity_NN  supply_NN  application_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  6_MC  .  
  employees_NNS  .  
  staffing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  .  
  238_MC  .  
  at_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  numbered_VVD  514_MC  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  346_MC  were_VBDR  located_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  headquarters_NN  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  168_MC  were_VBDR  outstationed_VBN  .  
  since_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  total_NN  employed_VBN  was_VBDZ  542_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  council_NN  have_VH0  made_VBN  slight_JJ  reductions_NNS  each_DD1  year_NN  bringing_VBG  about_RP  a_AT1  total_JJ  decrease_NN  of_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  their_APP$  staff_NN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  239_MC  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  successful_JJ  year_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  are_VBR  glad_JJ  once_RR  again_RR  to_TO  record_VV0  their_APP$  appreciation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  efficient_JJ  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  their_APP$  staff_NN  have_VH0  conducted_VBN  the_AT1  council's_NN1$  business_NN  .  
  personnel_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  240_MC  .  
  at_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  193,174_MC  persons_NNS  employed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  supply_NN  industry_NN  ;_;  514_MC  by_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  ,_,  55,198_MC  by_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  electricity_NN  generating_NN  board_NN  ,_,  and_CC  137,462_MC  by_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  boards_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  combined_JJ  total_NN  exceeded_VVD  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  figure_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  by_IO  2.4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  241_MC  .  
  this_DD1  overall_JB  increase_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  viewed_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  expanding_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  whilst_CS  area_NN  boards_NNS  sold_VVD  12.4_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  more_DA  units_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  their_APP$  total_JJ  manpower_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  had_VHD  increased_VBN  by_IO  less_DA  than_IO  1.8_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  units_NNS  sent_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  generating_NN  board_NN  increased_VVD  by_IO  10.9_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  persons_NNS  they_PPHS2  employed_VVD  rose_VVD  by_IO  only_RR  4.1_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  reduction_NN  from_IO  44_MC  to_IO  42_MC  hours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  working_NN  week_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  manual_JJ  employees_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  year_NN  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  assumed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  influenced_VBN  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  numbers_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  grades_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  under_IO  report_NN  .  
  242_MC  .  
  classified_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  and_CC  by_IO  each_DD1  electricity_NN  board_NN  ,_,  with_IO  corresponding_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  10_MC  .  
  the_AT1  classification_NN  relates_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  negotiating_NN  machinery_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  following_JJ  table_NN  summarises_VBZ  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  figures_NNS  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  .  
  terms_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  employment_NN  .  
  243_MC  .  
  the_AT1  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  settling_VBG  terms_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  employment_NN  of_IO  persons_NNS  employed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boards_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  fully_RR  described_VBN  in_IO  previous_JJ  reports_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  the_AT1  negotiating_NN  machinery_NN  dealt_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  matters_NNS  arising_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  day-to-day_JB  relations_NNS  between_IO  employees_NNS  and_CC  management_NN  .  
  the_AT1  major_JJ  issues_NNS  on_IO  wage_NN  rates_NNS  and_CC  salary_NN  scales_NNS  are_VBR  reported_VBN  briefly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  .  
  national_JJ  joint_JB  industrial_JJ  council_NN  for_IO  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  .  
  244_MC  .  
  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  annual_JJ  report_NN  for_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  referred_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  claim_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  wage_NN  rates_NNS  submitted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  in_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  indicated_VVD  that_CS  negotiations_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  in_IO  progress_NN  .  
  245_MC  .  
  in_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  electricity_NN  boards'_NN2  members_NNS  rejected_VVD  the_AT1  claim_NN  but_CCB  offered_VVD  to_TO  examine_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  ,_,  after_IO  30th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  wages_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  apply_VV0  any_DD  resulting_JJ  wage_NN  increase_NN  from_IO  31st_MD  August_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  this_DD1  offer_NN  was_VBDZ  rejected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  referred_VVD  the_AT1  claim_NN  to_IO  arbitration_NN  .  
  246_MC  .  
  the_AT1  arbitration_NN  tribunal_NN  ,_,  meeting_VBG  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  Chairman's_NNSB2  decision_NN  found_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  claim_NN  but_CCB  recommended_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  parties_NNS  should_VM  re-examine_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  question_NN  of_IO  wages_NNS  at_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  date_NN  .  
  acting_VBG  on_IO  this_DD1  recommendation_NN  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  industrial_JJ  council_NN  concluded_VVD  an_AT1  agreement_NN  on_IO  12th_MD  August_NN1  whereby_CS the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wages_NNS  schedule_NN  was_VBDZ  re-cast_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  existing_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  just_RR  over_RR  one_MC1  hundred_MC  named_JJ  grades_NNS  on_IO  thirty-three_MC  wage_NN  rates_NNS  was_VBDZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  eight_MC  groups_NNS  with_IO  eight_MC  group_NN  rates_NNS  and_CC  five_MC  lead_NN  rates_NNS  for_IO  certain_JJ  grades_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  rating_NN  of_IO  plant_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  employed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  general_JJ  wage_NN  increase_NN  of_IO  3_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  hour_NN  with_IO  greater_JJ  increases_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  grades_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  craftsmen_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  increases_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_IO  chargehands'_NN2  enhancements_NNS  and_CC  foremen's_NN2  salaries_NNS  .  
  technical_JJ  engineering_NN  staff_NN  .  
  247_MC  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  board's_NN1$  activities_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  1st_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  of_IO  common_JJ  salary_NN  scales_NNS  applicable_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  national_JJ  joint_JB  board_NN  technical_JJ  engineering_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  existing_JJ  salary_NN  schedules_NNS  .  
  technical_JJ  engineering_NN  staff_NN  in_IO  drawing_NN  offices_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  brought_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  classification_NN  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  previously_RR  been_VBN  excluded_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  common_JJ  scales_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  designed_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  salary_NN  increases_NNS  but_CCB  to_TO  introduce_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  equitable_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  salary_NN  relationships_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  engineering_NN  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  allow_VV0  more_DA  flexibility_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  application_NN  to_IO  varying_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  organisation_NN  .  
  248_MC  .  
  subsequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  board_NN  salary_NN  scales_NNS  were_VBDR  further_RRR  reviewed_VBN  ,_,  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  salaries_NNS  paid_VBN  elsewhere_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  and_CC  by_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  industry_NN  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  and_CC  increases_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  *+75_NNU  to_IO  *+215_NNU  (_(  *+40_NNU  to_IO  *+50_NNU  for_IO  technical_JJ  trainees_NNS  )_)  per_IO  annum_NN  were_VBDR  agreed_VBN  with_IO  effect_NN  from_IO  1st_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  administrative_JJ  and_CC  clerical_JJ  grades_NNS  .  
  249_MC  .  
  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council's_NN1$  annual_JJ  report_NN  for_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  arbitration_NN  tribunal_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  claim_NN  for_IO  increases_NNS  in_IO  salary_NN  scales_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  drawn_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  employment_NN  in_IO  comparable_JJ  work_NN  .  
  after_IO  examining_VBG  information_NN  obtained_VBN  from_IO  other_DA  bodies_NNS  on_IO  salaries_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  joint_JB  council_NN  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  and_CC  asked_VVD  the_AT1  tribunal_NN  to_TO  determine_VV0  appropriate_JJ  increases_NNS  .  
  increases_NNS  awarded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  tribunal_NN  ,_,  from_IO  1st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  ranged_VVD  from_IO  *+20_NNU  to_IO  *+50_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  clerical_JJ  staff_NN  and_CC  from_IO  *+75_NNU  to_IO  *+215_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  grades_NNS  .  
  managerial_JJ  and_CC  higher_JJ  executive_JJ  grades_NNS  .  
  250_MC  .  
  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  salary_NN  agreement_NN  was_VBDZ  extended_VBN  to_TO  cater_VV0  for_IO  operational_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  organisations_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  following_IO  salary_NN  and_CC  wages_NNS  awards_NNS  to_IO  other_DA  employees_NNS  ,_,  increases_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  *+225_NNU  to_IO  *+400_NNU  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  salary_NN  scales_NNS  as_IO  from_II  1st_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  joint_JB  consultation_NN  .  
  251_MC  .  
  joint_JB  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  and_CC  policies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  leading_VBG  to_IO  full_JJ  collaboration_NN  between_IO  management_NN  and_CC  employees_NNS  is_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  making_VBG  electricity_NN  supply_NN  an_AT1  efficient_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  objects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  joint_JB  consultative_JJ  machinery_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  supply_NN  industry_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  facilitate_VV0  such_DA  discussion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  brief_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  activities_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  .  
  national_JJ  joint_JB  advisory_JJ  council_NN  .  
  252_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  representatives_NNS  of_IO  employees_NNS  join_VV0  with_IO  senior_JJ  representatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  and_CC  boards_NNS  and_CC  leading_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  officers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  and_CC  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  and_CC  boards_NNS  present_VV0  reports_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  and_CC  plans_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ;_;  these_DD2  reports_NNS  are_VBR  fully_RR  discussed_VBN  and_CC  points_NNS  arising_VBG  are_VBR  often_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  council's_NN1$  standing_JJ  committees_NNS  for_IO  more_RG  detailed_JJ  study_NN  .  
  253_MC  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  discussed_VVD  all_DB  aspects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  work_NN  ,_,  special_JJ  emphasis_NN  being_VBG  on_IO  education_NN  and_CC  training_NN  .  
  fifteen_MC  recommendations_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_IO  boards_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  included_VVD  safety_NN  rules_NNS  (_(  radiological_JJ  )_)  for_IO  use_NN  at_IO  nuclear_JJ  stations_NNS  ;_;  amendments_NNS  and_CC  additions_NNS  to_IO  other_DA  safety_NN  rules_NNS  ;_;  safety_NN  training_NN  during_IO  pre-commissioning_NN  courses_NNS  at_IO  new_JJ  power_NN  stations_NNS  ;_;  methods_NNS  of_IO  helping_VBG  to_TO  solve_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  employing_VBG  the_AT1  impending_JJ    bulge_NN    in_IO  school_NN  leavers_NNS  ;_;  improved_JJ  liaison_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  and_CC  educational_JJ  organisations_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  wider_JJ  selection_NN  methods_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  scheme_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  interchange_NN  of_IO  personnel_NNS  with_IO  overseas_JB  countries_NNS  .  
  254_MC  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  issued_VVD  an_AT1  annual_JJ  report_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  other_DA  publications_NNS  designed_VBN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  councils_NNS  and_CC  local_JJ  committees_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  council's_NN1$  new_JJ  ventures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  principles_NNS  of_IO  joint_JB  consultation_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  well_RR  received_VBN  at_IO  employees'_NN2  meetings_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  widely_RR  shown_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  district_NN  joint_JB  advisory_JJ  councils_NNS  .  
  255_MC  .  
  the_AT1  membership_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  12_MC  district_NN  councils_NNS  includes_VBZ  representatives_NNS  of_IO  employees_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  unions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  district_NN  councils_NNS  do_VD0  much_DA  to_TO  stimulate_VV0  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  joint_JB  consultation_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  areas_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  many_DA  notable_JJ  recommendations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  affecting_VBG  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  employees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  efficiency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  these_DD2  included_VVD  recommendations_NNS  on_IO  consumer_NN  relations_NNS  ,_,  training_NN  in_IO  modern_JJ  power_NN  station_NN  practice_NN  for_IO  employees_NNS  in_IO  older_JJ  stations_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  rehabilitation_NN  of_IO  disabled_JJ  employees_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  communicating_VBG  instructions_NNS  ,_,  information_NN  and_CC  ideas_NNS  .  
  four_MC  district_NN  councils_NNS  organised_VVD  evening_NN  lectures_NNS  for_IO  employees_NNS  on_IO  human_JJ  relations_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  and_CC  seven_MC  arranged_VVD  district_NN  training_NN  courses_NNS  for_IO  new_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  committees_NNS  .  
  ten_MC  district_NN  councils_NNS  received_VVD  and_CC  discussed_VVD  regular_JJ  progress_NN  reports_NNS  from_IO  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  .  
  local_JJ  advisory_JJ  committees_NNS  .  
  256_MC  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  468_MC  local_JJ  advisory_JJ  committees_NNS  in_IO  power_NN  stations_NNS  ,_,  distribution_NN  districts_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  places_NNS  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  continued_VVD  to_TO  pay_VV0  particular_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  education_NN  ,_,  training_NN  ,_,  safety_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  encouragement_NN  of_IO  efficiency_NN    this_DD1  last_DA  subject_NN  receiving_VBG  more_DA  attention_NN  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  their_APP$  recommendations_NNS  to_IO  local_JJ  managements_NNS  concerned_VVD  such_DA  subjects_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  effectiveness_NN  of_IO  particular_JJ  tools_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  ,_,  sales_NNS  development_NN  in_IO  smokeless_JJ  zones_NNS  ,_,  accident_NN  prevention_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  training_NN  schemes_NNS  and_CC  courses_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  continued_VVD  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  many_DA  activities_NNS  for_IO  spreading_VBG  information_NN  among_IO  employees_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  localities_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  important_JJ  development_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  done_VBN  much_DA  to_TO  improve_VV0  two-way_JB  communication_NN  between_IO  management_NN  and_CC  employees_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  holding_NN  of_IO  regular_JJ  informal_JJ  meetings_NNS  of_IO  small_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  employees_NNS  who_PNQS normally_RR  work_VV0  together_RR  .  
  other_DA  activities_NNS  have_VH0  included_VBN  the_AT1  organisation_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  meetings_NNS  of_IO  employees_NNS  ,_,  safety_NN  weeks_NNS  ,_,  power_NN  station_NN  open_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  exhibitions_NNS  of_IO  award-winning_JB  suggestions_NNS  ,_,  arts_NNS  and_CC  crafts_NNS  exhibitions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  lunch-time_NN  and_CC  evening_NN  lectures_NNS  .  
  suggestion_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  257_MC  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  employees'_NN2  suggestion_NN  scheme_NN  started_VVD  (_(  in_IO  most_DA  districts_NNS  by_IO  1951-52_MC-MC  )_)  up_RP  to_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  consideration_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  20,099_MC  suggestions_NNS  and_CC  7,824_MC  awards_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendations_NNS  of_IO  district_NN  councils_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1960-61_MC-MC  the_AT1  national_JJ  council_NN  considered_VVD  152_MC  suggestions_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  referred_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  as_CS  having_VHG  possible_JJ  national_JJ  application_NN  ;_;  in_IO  rather_RR  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  they_PPHS2  circulated_VVD  details_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  recommending_VBG  additional_JJ  awards_NNS  .  
  superannuation_NN  .  
  258_MC  .  
  careful_JJ  consideration_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  impact_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  superannuation_NN  schemes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  insurance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  provisions_NNS  for_IO  contracting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  having_VHG  obtained_VBN  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  joint_JB  consultation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  employees_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  advisory_JJ  machinery_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  and_CC  boards_NNS  decided_VVD  upon_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  policy_NN  of_IO  contracting_VBG  out_RP  all_DB  their_APP$  employees_NNS  whose_PNQV$  basic_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  pay_NN  exceeds_VBZ  *+9_NNU  per_IO  week_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS are_VBR  members_NNS  of_IO  superannuation_NN  schemes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  recognised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  pensions_NNS  and_CC  national_JJ  insurance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purposes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  insurance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1959_MC  .  
  259_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  of_IO  non-participating_JB  employments_NNS  issued_VVD  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  certificate_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  from_IO  3rd_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  commencing_NN  date_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  graduated_JJ  pension_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  insurance_NN  (_(  modification_NN  of_IO  electricity_NN  superannuation_NN  schemes_NNS  )_)  regulations_NNS  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  applicable_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  schemes_NNS  whose_PNQV$  members_NNS  are_VBR  contracted_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  scheme_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  into_IO  force_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  .  
  260_MC  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  valuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  superannuation_NN  scheme_NN  showed_VVD  an_AT1  overall_JB  surplus_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  *+2_NNU  million_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  boards_NNS  ,_,  decided_VVD  to_TO  retain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  .  
  the_AT1  actuaries'_NN2  report_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  valuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manual_JJ  workers'_NN2  superannuation_NN  scheme_NN  was_VBDZ  received_VBN  just_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  safety_NN  ,_,  health_NN  and_CC  welfare_NN  .  
  safety_NN  .  
  261_MC  .  
  the_AT1  safety_NN  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  council_NN  advise_VV0  the_AT1  various_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  on_IO  safety_NN  matters_NNS  and_CC  promote_VV0  and_CC  encourage_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  methods_NNS  for_IO  reducing_VBG  accidents_NNS  and_CC  dangerous_JJ  occurrences_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  operations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  boards_NNS  .  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  .  
  royal_JJ  warrant_NN  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  \0R_NP  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  the_AT1  second_MD  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  grace_NN  of_IO  God_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  and_CC  of_IO  our_APP$  other_DA  realms_NNS  and_CC  territories_NNS  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ,_,  defender_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  faith_NN  ,_,  to_IO  all_DB  to_IO  whom_WPO  these_DD2  presents_NNS  shall_VM  come_VV0  .  
  greeting_NN  !_!  
  whereas_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  desirous_JJ  of_IO  honouring_VBG  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  rendered_VBN  long_JJ  and_CC  faithful_JJ  service_NN  as_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  corps_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  auxiliary_JJ  fire_NN  service_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  civil_JJ  defence_NN  organisation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  warning_JJ  and_CC  monitoring_JJ  organisation_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  hospital_NN  service_NN  reserve_NN  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  services_NNS  and_CC  organisations_NNS  in_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  by_IO  these_DD2  presents_NNS  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  our_APP$  heirs_NNS  and_CC  successors_NNS  institute_VV0  and_CC  create_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  medal_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  hereby_RR  direct_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  shall_VM  be_VB0  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  rules_NNS  and_CC  ordinances_NNS  :_:  
  firstly_RR  :_:  style_NN  .    
  the_AT1  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  designated_VBN  and_CC  styled_VBN    the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN    .  
  secondly_RR  :_:  description_NN  .    
  the_AT1  award_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  cupro-nickel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  oval_JJ  medal_NN  bearing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  obverse_NN  the_AT1  crowned_JJ  effigy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sovereign_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  reverse_NN  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  design_NN  .  
  thirdly_RR  :_:  ribbon_NN  .    
  the_AT1  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  worn_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  side_NN  attached_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  suspending_JJ  bar_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  ribbon_NN  one_MC1  and_CC  a_AT1  quarter_NN  inches_NNS  in_IO  width_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  shall_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  in_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  dark_JJ  blue_NN  ,_,  with_IO  ,_,  superimposed_VBN  thereon_RR  ,_,  three_MC  narrow_JJ  vertical_JJ  stripes_NNS  of_IO  yellow_NN  ,_,  red_NN  and_CC  green_NN  respectively_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  yellow_JJ  stripe_NN  being_VBG  worn_VBN  farthest_RBT  from_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  shoulder_NN  .  
  fourthly_RR  :_:  eligibility_NN  .    
  those_DD2  eligible_JJ  shall_VM  be_VB0  persons_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  or_CC  were_VBDR  within_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  ,_,  members_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  services_NNS  or_CC  organisations_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  appendix_NN  1_MC1  to_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  ,_,  hereinafter_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  as_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  rendered_VBN  the_AT1  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  .  
  fifthly_RR  :_:  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  .    
  the_AT1  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  requisite_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  efficient_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  services_NNS  subsequent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  or_CC  organisation_NN  in_IO  question_NN  as_CS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  appendix_NN  1_MC1  to_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  :_:  provided_CS  that_CS  service_NN  rendered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  or_CC  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  in_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  organisations_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  appendix_NN  2_MC  to_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  ,_,  before_IO  the_AT1  dates_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  therein_RR  ,_,  shall_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  treated_VBN  as_IO  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  :_:  provided_CS  also_RR  that_CS  no_AT1  account_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  service_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  concerned_VBN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reckoned_VBN  as_IO  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  brigade_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  conduct_NN  medal_NN  or_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  women's_NN2  voluntary_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  or_CC  clasp_NN  .  
  sixthly_RR  :_:  long_JJ  service_NN  clasp_NN  .    
  an_AT1  additional_JJ  clasp_NN  which_DDQ  shall_VM  be_VB0  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ribbon_NN  and_CC  shall_VM  bear_VV0  upon_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  words_NNS    long_NC2  service_NC2    may_VM  be_VB0  awarded_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  additional_JJ  twelve_MC  years_NNS  satisfactory_JJ  service_NN  subsequent_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  medal_NN  was_VBDZ  awarded_VBN  and_CC  for_IO  each_DD1  clasp_NN  awarded_VBN  a_AT1  small_JJ  silver_NN  rose_NN  emblem_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ribbon_NN  when_CS worn_VBN  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  reckoning_NN  of_IO  such_DA  service_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  reckoning_NN  of_IO  qualifying_JJ  service_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  medal_NN  itself_PPX1  as_CS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  clause_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  .  
  seventhly_RR  :_:  delegated_JJ  powers_NNS  .    
  delegated_JJ  powers_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  awards_NNS  under_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  vested_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  appropriate_JJ  Ministers_NNSB2  namely_RR  our_APP$  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  department_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  home_NN1  affairs_NNS  for_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  eighthly_RR  :_:  submission_NN  of_IO  names_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  persons_NNS  eligible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  submitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  arrangements_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  or_CC  her_PPHO1  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  service_NN  concerned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  award_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  unless_CS  the_AT1  submission_NN  is_VBZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  certificate_NN  that_CS    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  person_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  ,_,  throughout_IO  the_AT1  qualifying_NN  period_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  organisations_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  appendix_NN  2_MC  to_IO  this_DD1  our_APP$  warrant_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  person_NN  has_VHZ  either_LE  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  completed_VBN  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  standard_JJ  training_NN  and_CC  rendered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  or_CC  authorities_NNS  concerned_VBN  such_DA  service_NN  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  properly_RR  required_VBN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  or_CC  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  hospital_NN  service_NN  reserve_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  service_NN  reserve_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  training_NN  or_CC  duties_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  both_DB2  ,_,  are_VBR  such_DA  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  coincide_VV0  with_IO  qualifications_NNS  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  medal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  medical_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  member_NN  has_VHZ  completed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  or_CC  authorities_NNS  concerned_VBN  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  12_MC  duties_NNS  annually_RR  disregarding_VBG  duties_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  being_VBG  or_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  reckoned_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  either_LE  of_IO  those_DD2  two_MC  awards_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  person_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  deserving_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  medal_NN  .  
  ninthly_RR  :_:  registration_NN  .    
  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  to_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  medal_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  clasp_NN  is_VBZ  awarded_VBN  shall_VM  be_VB0  recorded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  health_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  home_NN1  department_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  health_NN  for_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  home_NN1  affairs_NNS  for_IO  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  or_CC  government_NN  office_NN  ,_,  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Man_NP  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  tenthly_RR  :_:  order_NN  of_IO  wear_NN  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  list_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  order_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  orders_NNS  ,_,  decorations_NNS  and_CC  medals_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  worn_VBN  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  placed_VBN  immediately_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  observer_NN  corps_NN  medal_NN  .  
  eleventhly_RR  :_:  miniatures_NNS  .    
  reproductions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  medal_NN  ,_,  known_VBN  as_IO  miniature_NN  medals_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  worn_VBN  on_IO  certain_JJ  occasions_NNS  by_IO  those_DD2  to_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  medal_NN  is_VBZ  awarded_VBN  ,_,  shall_VM  be_VB0  approximately_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  sealed_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  miniature_NN  medal_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  Chancery_NNL1  of_IO  our_APP$  orders_NNS  of_IO  knighthood_NN  .  
  twelfthly_RR  :_:  cancellation_NN  and_CC  restoration_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  shall_VM  be_VB0  competent_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  to_TO  cancel_VV0  and_CC  annul_VV0  the_AT1  conferment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  defence_NN  long_JJ  service_NN  medal_NN  or_CC  long_JJ  service_NN  clasp_NN  on_IO  any_DD  person_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  restore_VV0  the_AT1  medal_NN  or_CC  clasp_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  so_RR  forfeited_VBN  .  
  lastly_RR  :_:  annulment_NN  .    
  we_PPIS2  reserve_VV0  to_IO  ourself_PPX1  ,_,  our_APP$  heirs_NNS  and_CC  successors_NNS  ,_,  full_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  annulling_VBG  ,_,  altering_VBG  ,_,  abrogating_VBG  ,_,  augmenting_VBG  ,_,  interpreting_VBG  or_CC  dispensing_VBG  with_IO  these_DD2  rules_NNS  and_CC  ordinances_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  part_NN  thereof_RR  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  notification_NN  under_IO  our_APP$  sign_NN  manual_JJ  .  
  given_VBN  at_IO  our_APP$  court_NN  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  James's_PPIO2  this_DD1  nineteenth_MD  day_NN  of_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  one_MC1  thousand_MC  nine_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  sixty-one_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  ninth_MD  year_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  reign_NN  .  
  by_IO  her_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  command_NN  ,_,  Harold_NP  Macmillan_NP  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  right_RR  \0Hon_NNSB1  Selwyn_NP  Lloyd_NP  ,_,  \0C.B.E_NNSB1  ,_,  \0T.D_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Q.C_NNSB1  ,_,  \0M.P_NNSB1  ,_,  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  .  
  control_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  select_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  estimates_NNS  published_VVD  a_AT1  report_NN  in_IO  1958_MC  on_IO  Treasury_NP  control_NN  of_IO  expenditure_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  recommended_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  small_JJ  independent_JJ  committee_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  have_VH0  access_NN  to_IO  cabinet_NN  papers_NNS  ,_,  be_VB0  appointed_VBN  to_TO  report_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  and_CC  practice_NN  of_IO  Treasury_NP  control_NN  of_IO  expenditure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Treasury's_PPIO2  observations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  recorded_VVD  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  the_AT1  committee's_NN1$  recommendation_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  committee_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  set_VV0  in_IO  hand_NN  a_AT1  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  and_CC  practice_NN  which_DDQ  govern_VV0  the_AT1  control_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  stated_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  internal_JJ  enquiry_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  on_IO  some_DD  aspects_NNS  of_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  government_NN  proposed_VVD  to_TO  seek_VV0  advice_NN  from_IO  persons_NNS  with_IO  appropriate_JJ  knowledge_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  who_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  service_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  these_DD2  decisions_NNS  your_APP$  predecessor_NN  announced_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  general_JJ  charge_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  aided_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  persons_NNS  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  service_NN  and_CC  senior_JJ  officials_NNS  drawn_VBN  from_IO  departments_NNS  including_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  .  
  later_RRR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Sam_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Jeremy_NP  Raisman_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Wall_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  announcement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enquiry_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  proceedings_NNS  and_CC  recommendations_NNS  to_IO  Ministers_NNSB2  would_VM  be_VB0  confidential_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  carried_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  survey_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  on_IO  any_DD  other_DA  basis_NN  .  
  as_CS  our_APP$  enquiry_NN  developed_VVD  we_PPIS2  submitted_VVD  to_IO  your_APP$  predecessor_NN  and_CC  to_IO  you_PPY  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  confidential_JJ  reports_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  our_APP$  intention_NN  to_TO  consolidate_VV0  these_DD2  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  prepared_VBN  the_AT1  attached_JJ  report_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  do_VD0  so_PN1  in_IO  a_AT1  form_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  saw_VVD  fit_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  in_IO  tendering_VBG  advice_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  may_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  publish_VV0  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  unmindful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  civil_JJ  service_NN  colleagues_NNS  and_CC  therefore_RR  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  their_APP$  full_JJ  participation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  more_RG  appropriate_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  report_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  submitted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  service_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS take_VV0  responsibility_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  consequently_RR  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Sam_NP  Brown_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Jeremy_NP  Raisman_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Wall_NP  and_CC  myself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  follow_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  procedure_NN  however_RR  that_CS  those_DD2  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  taken_VBN  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enquiry_NN  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  dissent_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  views_NNS  expressed_VBN  or_CC  the_AT1  recommendations_NNS  made_VBN  ,_,  either_LE  in_RR  general_RR  or_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  Plowden_NP  Chairman_NNSB1  .  
  9th_MD  June_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  report_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  at_IO  our_APP$  first_MD  meeting_NN  in_IO  October_NN1  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  in_IO  full_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  policy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  resources_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  studying_VBG  in_IO  smaller_JJ  groups_NNS  particular_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  expenditure_NN  control_NN  or_CC  areas_NNS  of_IO  expenditure_NN  .  
  for_IO  these_DD2  studies_NNS  we_PPIS2  co-opted_VVD  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  Secretaries_NNSB2  of_IO  the_AT1  departments_NNS  with_IO  whose_PNQV$  expenditure_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  or_CC  who_PNQS had_VHD  special_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  problems_NNS  under_IO  review_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  we_PPIS2  sought_VVD  specialist_JJ  advice_NN  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  take_VV0  evidence_NN  from_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  bodies_NNS  :_:  our_APP$  review_NN  was_VBDZ  primarily_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  working_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  departments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  necessarily_RR  confidential_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  group_NN  itself_PPX1  (_(  except_CS  on_IO  certain_JJ  specialist_JJ  matters_NNS  )_)  provided_VVD  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  opinion_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  to_TO  bear_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  task_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  review_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  and_CC  practice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  would_VM  take_VV0  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  large_JJ  tracts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  territory_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  hardly_RR  touched_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  method_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  adopted_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  effect_NN  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  consultation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  Secretaries_NNSB2  and_CC  other_DA  officials_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  departments_NNS  over_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  ,_,  given_VBN  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  insight_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  confident_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  conclusions_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  changed_VBN  by_IO  more_RG  prolonged_JJ  examination_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  judgment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  crucial_JJ  questions_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  those_DD2  of_IO  detail_NN  :_:  the_AT1  precise_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  and_CC  chains_NNS  of_IO  command_NN  within_IO  and_CC  between_IO  departments_NNS  ,_,  important_JJ  though_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  problems_NNS  are_VBR  wider_JJ  :_:  what_DDQ  the_AT1  machine_NN  of_IO  government_NN  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  what_DDQ  its_APP$  attitudes_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  regards_VBZ  as_CS  important_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  approach_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  work_NN  on_IO  all_DB  matters_NNS  involving_VBG  public_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  always_RR  clear_JJ  cut_JJ"  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  lend_VV0  themselves_PPX2  readily_RR  to_IO  specific_JJ  recommendations_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  confident_JJ  that_CS  here_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kernel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  report_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  suggest_VV0  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  fruitful_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  development_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  before_CS  we_PPIS2  proceed_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  substance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  perhaps_RR  usefully_RR  comment_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  enquiry_NN  .  
  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   who_PNQS are_VBR  outside_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  have_VH0  considerable_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  here_RL  and_CC  overseas_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  favourable_JJ  opportunity_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  study_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  action_NN  .  
  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  changes_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  scope_NN  and_CC  character_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  government_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  decades_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  produced_VBN  strains_NNS  in_IO  traditional_JJ  structures_NNS  and_CC  practices_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  impressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  service_NN  has_VHZ  adapted_VBN  itself_PPX1  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  these_DD2  changes_NNS  .  Barnardo's_PPIO2  overseas_RR  .  
  times_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  change_VV0  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  only_RR  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  pattern_NN  of_IO  restless_JJ  progress_NN  come_VV0  calls_NNS  for_IO  help_NN  with_IO  child_NN  care_NN  problems_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  for_IO  actual_JJ  care_NN  and_CC  for_IO  help_NN  and_CC  guidance_NN  in_IO  how_CS this_DD1  can_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  given_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  thus_RR  learn_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Barnardo_NP  comes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  ,_,  when_CS child_NN  care_NN  is_VBZ  planned_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  remote_JJ  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  honoured_VBN  by_IO  receiving_VBG  these_DD2  calls_NNS  for_IO  help_NN  .  
  in_IO  1954_MC  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  consider_VV0  undertaking_VBG  work_NN  in_IO  Kenya_NP  and_CC  in_IO  1956_MC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  \0F_NP  Tucker_NP  ,_,  then_RL  deputy_NN  general_JJ  Superintendent_NNSB1  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  personal_JJ  investigation_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  experienced_JJ  superintendents_NNS  ,_,  \0Rev_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0A_NP  \0St_NP  \0J_NP  Lemon_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  spent_VBN  two_MC  years_NNS  guiding_VBG  and_CC  assisting_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  child_NN  welfare_NN  society_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  striving_VBG  nobly_RR  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  need_NN  but_CCB  lacking_VBG  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  .  
  during_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  assured_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  good-will_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  officials_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  generous_JJ  help_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  site_NN  ,_,  plans_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  a_AT1  home_NN1  for_IO  thirty_MC  children_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  race_NN  who_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  need_NN  .  
  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  use_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1961_MC  .  
  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Donald_NP  MacGillivray_NP  as_IO  our_APP$  President_NNSB1  and_CC  a_AT1  representative_JJ  committee_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0B_NP  \0S_NP  Eastwood_NP  is_VBZ  Chairman_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  Njonjo_NP  vice_JB  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  assured_VBN  of_IO  strong_JJ  local_JJ  support_NN  and_CC  in_IO  addition_NN  can_VM  look_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0M_NP  Adlam_NP  as_IO  \0Hon_NNSB1  Treasurer_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  Humphrey_NP  Slade_NP  as_IO  our_APP$  honorary_JJ  legal_JJ  adviser_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Smith_NP  reported_VVD  enthusiastically_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  inaugural_JJ  meeting_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  attended_VVD  in_IO  Nairobi_NP  ,_,  on_IO  29th_MD  November_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  when_CS Sir_NNSB1  Godfrey_NP  Rhodes_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0Hon_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0N_NP  Muimi_NP  ,_,  \0M.L.C_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  health_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  rejoice_VV0  at_IO  this_DD1  opening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  history_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  others_DA2  will_VM  watch_VV0  with_IO  interest_NN  this_DD1  experiment_NN  in_IO  adapting_VBG  the_AT1  Barnardo_NP  standards_NNS  and_CC  methods_NNS  of_IO  child_NN  care_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  community_NN  whose_PNQV$  conditions_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  are_VBR  very_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  another_DD1  small_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  help_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  being_VBG  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Sanyu_NP  babies_NNS  home_NN1  in_IO  Uganda_NP  ,_,  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  this_DD1  work_NN  ,_,  started_VBN  by_IO  missionaries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  missionary_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  for_IO  babies_NNS  abandoned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  further_RRR  developed_VBN  .  
  mention_NN  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  an_AT1  appeal_NN  from_IO  Hong_NP  Kong_NP  to_TO  assist_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  placing_NN  of_IO  abandoned_JJ  babies_NNS  ,_,  approved_VBN  as_CS  suitable_JJ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  social_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  with_IO  married_JJ  couples_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  offered_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  such_DA  children_NNS  into_IO  their_APP$  homes_NN2  .  
  in_IO  Hong_NP  Kong_NP  destitute_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  as_RG  dire_JB  need_NN  as_IO  any_DD  \0Dr_NNSB1  Barnardo_NP  found_VVD  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  on_IO  our_APP$  London_NP  streets_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  common_JJ  sight_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  support_NN  and_CC  guidance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adoption_NN  society_NN  such_IO  as_II  our_APP$  own_DA  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  if_CS  such_DA  placements_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  happily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  abandoned_JJ  children_NNS  safeguarded_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  eventualities_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  gladly_RR  responded_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  call_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS  can_VM  tell_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  new_JJ  enterprises_NNS  these_DD2  initial_JJ  experiments_NNS  may_VM  lead_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  reach_VV0  our_APP$  centenary_NN  in_IO  1966_MC  .  
  changes_NNS  in_IO  Australia_NP  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  blowing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Australian_JJ  branch_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  family_NN  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  much_DA  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  there_RL  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  readers_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  large_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Picton_NP  Farm_NNL1  School_NNL1  and_CC  parts_NNS  of_IO  Normanhurst_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  sold_VBN  and_CC  new_JJ  homes_NN2  more_RG  suitable_JJ  as_IO  family_NN  group_NN  homes_NN2  purchased_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  boarding_NN  out_RP  Officer_NNSB1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  further_VV0  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  care_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  Australian_JJ  work_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  unfortunately_RR  experienced_VBN  some_DD  difficulty_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  free_JJ  to_TO  emigrate_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  ties_NNS  which_DDQ  so_RG  many_DA  now_RL  retain_VV0  with_IO  at_RR  least_RR  some_DD  members_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  family_NN  .  
  although_CS  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  disappointing_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  New_NP  South_NP  Wales_NP  committee_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  given_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  thought_NN  and_CC  effort_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  changes_NNS  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  hope_VV0  also_RR  to_TO  open_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  offering_VBG  admission_NN  to_IO  local_JJ  Australian_JJ  children_NNS  who_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  need_NN  .  
  Barnardo_NP  publications_NNS  on_IO  child_NN  care_NN  .  
  opening_VBG  new_JJ  branches_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  however_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  able_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  with_IO  child_NN  care_NN  problems_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  at_RR  large_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  always_RR  welcome_VV0  at_IO  Stepney_NP  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  visitors_NNS  from_IO  abroad_RR  who_PNQS want_VV0  to_TO  profit_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  senior_JJ  officers_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  see_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  branch_NN  homes_NN2  or_CC  special_JJ  schools_NNS  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  help_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  disseminated_VBN  more_RG  widely_RR  by_IO  means_II  of_II  booklets_NNS  on_IO  various_JJ  technical_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  two_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  has_VHZ  begun_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  helping_VBG  cases_NNS  of_IO  enuresis_NN  or_CC  bed_NN  wetting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  out-lines_VBZ  a_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  help_NN  for_IO  spastic_JJ  children_NNS  (_(  those_DD2  suffering_VBG  from_IO  cerebral_JJ  palsy_NN  )_)  from_IO  early_JJ  infancy_NN  .  
  further_JB  subjects_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  prove_VV0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  means_NN  of_IO  passing_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  others_DA2  the_AT1  experience_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  gained_VBN  ourselves_PPX2  through_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  since_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Barnardo_NP  himself_PPX1  first_RR  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  nearly_RR  100_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  homes_NN2  for_IO  special_JJ  needs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  special_JJ  homes_NN2  ,_,  linked_VBN  with_IO  boarding_NN  schools_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  backward_JJ  or_CC  physically_RR  handicapped_JJ  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  steadily_RR  and_CC  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  small_JJ  waiting_NN  lists_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  vacancies_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  schools_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  largely_RR  met_VBN  ,_,  placed_VVD  limits_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  numbers_NNS  for_IO  each_DD1  school_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  reduced_VVD  the_AT1  places_NNS  available_JJ  by_IO  about_RR  twenty-five_MC  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  adequate_JJ  national_JJ  provision_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  physically_RR  handicapped_JJ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  limit_VV0  applicants_NNS  for_IO  admission_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  problem_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  child_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  severe_JJ  handicap_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  its_APP$  actual_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  relatively_RR  retarded_JJ  intelligence_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  home_NN1  can_VM  not_XX  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  involved_VBN  .  
  such_DA  cases_NNS  exact_VV0  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  toll_NN  of_IO  patience_NN  and_CC  toil_NN  from_IO  our_APP$  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  never_RR  cease_VV0  to_TO  admire_VV0  the_AT1  devoted_JJ  service_NN  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  give_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  cause_NN  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  makes_VBZ  its_APP$  own_DA  appeal_NN  however_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  experienced_VBN  undue_JJ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  keeping_VBG  these_DD2  homes_NN2  staffed_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  special_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  children_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  severe_JJ    spastics_NNS    whose_PNQV$  educability_NN  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  decided_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  actual_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  trial_NN  .  
  the_AT1  County_NNL1  education_NN  Officers_NNSB2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  themselves_PPX2  more_RR  than_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  sponsor_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  trial_NN  but_CCB  often_RR  search_VV0  desperately_RR  for_IO  any_DD  boarding_NN  school_NN  willing_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  felt_VBN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  need_NN  which_DDQ  should_VM  appeal_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  organisation_NN  such_IO  as_II  ours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  arranged_VBN  an_AT1  extra_JJ  class_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  our_APP$  five_MC  schools_NNS  ,_,  where_CS such_DA  a_AT1  trial_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  .  
  allied_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  our_APP$  centre_NN  near_IO  Derby_NP  at_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  sheltered_VBN  and_CC  helped_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  25_MC  mentally_RR  disordered_JJ  children_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  either_LE  been_VBN  ascertained_VBN  as_IO  such_DA  subsequent_JJ  to_IO  admission_NN  ,_,  or_CC  who_PNQS were_VBDR  admitted_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  period_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  their_APP$  parents_NNS  a_AT1  much_RR  needed_JJ  rest_NN  .  
  mention_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  party_NN  considering_VBG  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  suffering_VBG  from_IO  mental_JJ  disorder_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  now_RL  reported_VBN  and_CC  its_APP$  recommendations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  although_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  implemented_VBN  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  to_TO  extend_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  doing_VBG  at_IO  our_APP$  home_NN1  near_IO  Derby_NP  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  increase_VV0  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  work_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  urgent_JJ  national_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  there_EX  remain_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  specific_JJ  problems_NNS  such_IO  as_II  deafness_NN  ,_,  blindness_NN  or_CC  severe_JJ  speech_NN  defects_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  ourselves_PPX2  provide_VV0  the_AT1  special_JJ  treatment_NN  and_CC  education_NN  required_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  here_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  and_CC  do_VD0  help_VV0  by_IO  arranging_VBG  admission_NN  and_CC  then_RL  planning_VBG  the_AT1  help_NN  required_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  provision_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  might_VM  rightly_RR  add_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  original_JJ  motto_NN    no_AT1  destitute_JJ  child_NN  ever_RR  refused_VBN  admission_NN    ,_,  a_AT1  modern_JJ  variation_NN    no_AT1  child_NN  in_IO  need_NN  refused_VBN  the_AT1  help_NN  he_PPHO1  or_CC  she_PPHO1  requires_VBZ    .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  certainly_RR  doing_VBG  our_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  a_AT1  reality_NN  .  
  our_APP$  approved_JJ  schools_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  page_NN    our_APP$  work_NN  in_IO  brief_JJ    which_DDQ  concludes_VBZ  this_DD1  report_NN  ,_,  may_VM  surprise_VV0  some_DD  by_IO  its_APP$  reference_NN  to_IO  two_MC  approved_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  charge_NN  on_IO  our_APP$  charitable_JJ  funds_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  however_RR  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  Barnardo_NP  supporters_NNS  should_VM  rightly_RR  be_VB0  very_RG  proud_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  schools_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  for_IO  children_NNS  in_IO  need_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  surpassed_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  other_DA  branches_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  not_XX  sufficiently_RR  realised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  generally_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  is_VBZ  glad_JJ  to_TO  entrust_VV0  the_AT1  running_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  schools_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Christian_JJ  organisations_NNS  ,_,  realising_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  faith_NN  and_CC  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  can_VM  supply_VV0  the_AT1  stabilising_JJ  power_NN  these_DD2  boys_NNS  so_RG  greatly_RR  need_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  realised_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  boys_NNS  admitted_VBN  have_VH0  been_VBN  sent_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  the_AT1  children's_NN2  courts_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  no_AT1  other_DA  connection_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  Barnardo_NP  family_NN  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  boys_NNS  lack_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  home_NN1  support_NN  and_CC  care_NN  and_CC  at_IO  times_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  suitable_JJ  home_NN1  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  return_VV0  when_CS their_APP$  school_NN  training_NN  is_VBZ  deemed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  completed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  fact_NN  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  most_RG  appropriate_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  Christian_JJ  child_NN  care_NN  organisation_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  responsible_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  future_NN  and_CC  can_VM  ,_,  when_CS necessary_JJ  ,_,  offer_VV0  the_AT1  hospitality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  home_NN1  or_CC  hostel_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  .  
  going_VBG  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  for_IO  every_AT1  boy_NN  and_CC  girl_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Barnardo_NP  family_NN  the_AT1  day_NN  comes_VBZ  when_CS they_PPHS2  must_VM  start_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  post_NN  and_CC  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  have_VH0  their_APP$  first_MD  experience_NN  of_IO  lodgings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  how_CS much_DA  help_NN  they_PPHS2  may_VM  need_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  well_RR  organised_JJ  and_CC  staffed_JJ  after_JB  care_NN  departments_NNS  for_IO  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  are_VBR  planned_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  this_DD1  help_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  wonder_VV0  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  our_APP$  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  answer_NN  can_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  pages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  magazine_NN  the_AT1  guild_NN  messenger_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  published_VBN  four_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  each_DD1  issue_NN  has_VHZ  at_RR  least_RR  twelve_MC  pages_NNS  of_IO    news_NN  from_IO  all_DB  quarters_NNS    ,_,  weddings_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  and_CC  correspondence_NN  from_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  story_NN  of_IO  how_CS these_DD2  young_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  lost_VBN  all_DB  that_PNQS matters_VBZ  most_RBT  ,_,  have_VH0  won_VBN  their_APP$  way_NN  back_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  niche_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  world_NN  .  
  this_DD1  magazine_NN  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  personal_JJ  news_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  only_RR  for_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  guild_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  any_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  keen_JJ  supporters_NNS  could_VM  steal_VV0  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  pages_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  hearts_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  warmed_VBN  within_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  tells_VBZ  also_RR  of_IO  annual_JJ  re-unions_NNS  and_CC  dinners_NNS  held_VBN  in_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  well_RR  established_JJ  club_NN  at_IO  Stepney_NP  ,_,  where_CS old_JJ  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  ,_,  within_IO  reach_NN  ,_,  foregather_VV0  on_IO  Friday_NN1  evenings_NNS  or_CC  for_IO  special_JJ  social_JJ  occasions_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  mention_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  sent_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  Christmastime_NN1  to_IO  every_AT1  old_JJ  boy_NN  and_CC  girl_NN  whose_PNQV$  address_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  ,_,  however_CS many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  our_APP$  care_NN  .  
  some_DD  six_MC  thousand_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  are_VBR  sent_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  replies_NNS  received_VBN  indicate_VV0  how_CS much_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  appreciated_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  success_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  of_RR  course_RR  have_VH0  our_APP$    black_JJ  sheep_NNS    and_CC  some_DD  do_VD0  not_XX  succeed_VV0  as_RG  well_RR  as_IO  others_DA2  in_IO  overcoming_VBG  their_APP$  initial_JJ  handicaps_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  feel_VV0  confident_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  records_NNS  reveal_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  success_NN  in_IO  preparing_VBG  our_APP$  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  for_IO  life_NN  and_CC  all_DB  its_APP$  demands_NNS  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS viewed_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  morality_NN  ,_,  honesty_NN  and_CC  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  national_JJ  leaders_NNS  deplore_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  feature_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  times_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  challenged_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  character_NN  building_NN  which_DDQ  turns_VBZ  out_RP  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  children_NNS  as_IO  worthy_JJ  citizens_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  may_VM  best_RBT  be_VB0  given_VBN  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  not_XX  dare_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  sending_VBG  these_DD2  our_APP$  children_NNS  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  Christian_JJ  faith_NN  .  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  of_IO  historic_JJ  books_NNS  of_IO  medicine_NN  and_CC  science_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  children's_NN2  Christmas_NP  lectures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  and_CC  evoked_VVD  much_DA  interest_NN  and_CC  many_DA  questions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  and_CC  boys_NNS  present_JJ  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  generosity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  the_AT1  librarian_NN  attended_VVD  the_AT1  17_MC  international_JJ  congress_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  at_IO  Athens_NP  and_CC  Cos_NP  ,_,  and_CC  afterwards_RR  contributed_VVD  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  stimulating_JJ  occasion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  annals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  College_NNL1  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  British_JJ  congress_NN  of_IO  medical_JJ  history_NN  organised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  apothecaries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  largely_RR  of_IO  books_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  was_VBDZ  arranged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  for_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  copies_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Zachary_NP  Cope's_PPIO2  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  catalogue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  portraits_NNS  is_VBZ  available_JJ  for_IO  sale_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  demand_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  continuous_JJ  .  
  material_NN  for_IO    lives_NNS    of_IO  all_DB  fellows_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  died_VBN  is_VBZ  regularly_RR  collected_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  to_TO  edit_VV0  the_AT1  memoirs_NNS  covering_VBG  January_NN1  1952_MC  to_IO  December_NN1  1960_MC  for_IO  publication_NN  very_RG  shortly_RR  .  
  Plarr's_PPIO2  lives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fellows_NNS  1843-1930_MC-MC  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  print_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  lives_NNS  of_IO  fellows_NNS  1930-1951_MC-MC  is_VBZ  on_IO  sale_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  ,_,  price_NN  42_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  illustrated_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  buildings_NNS  and_CC  possessions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  published_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Peter_NP  McLennan_NP  in_IO  impulse_NN  ,_,  June_NN1  1961_MC  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Oswald_NP  in_IO  country_NN  life_NN  ,_,  20th_MD  July_NN1  and_CC  17th_MD  August_NN1  1961_MC  .  
  manuscripts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Dowager_NNSB1  Lady_NNSB1  Rigby_NP  has_VHZ  generously_RR  presented_VBN  an_AT1  autograph_NN  manuscript_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Frederic_NP  Treves_NP  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  record_VV0  his_APP$  reminiscences_NNS  of_IO  unusual_JJ  cases_NNS  or_CC  distinguished_JJ  patients_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  records_VBZ  his_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Millais_NP  the_AT1  painter_NN  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Irving_NP  the_AT1  actor_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  attendance_NN  on_IO  King_NNSB1  Edward_NP  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Millais_NP  case_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  annals_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  annotated_JJ  transcript_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  published_VBN  in_IO  medical_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manuscript_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  Geminus'_PPIO2  anatomy_NN  (_(  1553_MC  )_)  ,_,  purchased_VBN  in_IO  1959_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  account_NN  kept_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  surgeon_NN  in_IO  1609_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Riding_NP  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  ,_,  recording_VBG  the_AT1  ailments_NNS  ,_,  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  payments_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  patients_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  autograph_NN  letter_NN  from_IO  John_NP  Hunter_NP  to_IO  William_NP  Eden_NP  ,_,  1st_MD  Lord_NNSB1  Auckland_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  bought_VBN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  interesting_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  it_PPH1  throws_VBZ  on_IO  Hunter's_PPIO2  familiar_JJ  friendship_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  distinguished_JJ  statesman_NN  .  
  another_DD1  interesting_JJ  purchase_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  note-book_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Thomas_NP  Howitt_NP  (_(  \0F.R.C.S_NNSB1  1853_MC  )_)  kept_VVD  record_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  attendance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lectures_NNS  of_IO  Charles_NP  Bell_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Guillaume_NP  Dupuytren_NP  in_IO  Paris_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteen-thirties_MC2  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  offices_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  James_NP  Paterson_NP  Ross_NP  ,_,  \0Bt_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  records_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Dunhill's_PPIO2  thyroid_JJ  patients_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  ;_;  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  arranged_VBN  and_CC  indexed_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  personal_JJ  secretary_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Mary_NP  Macdonald_NP  .  
  other_DA  gifts_NNS  of_IO  manuscripts_NNS  ,_,  autographs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  photocopies_NNS  of_IO  documents_NNS  are_VBR  gratefully_RR  acknowledged_VBN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Zachary_NP  Cope_NP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0W_NP  Dawson_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0M_NP  Hall_NP  ,_,  \0Prof_NNSB1  Milroy_NP  Paul_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Platt_NP  ,_,  \0Bt_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Prof_NNSB1  \0K_NP  \0F_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  \0D_NP  Tremain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  physicians_NNS  of_IO  Philadelphia_NP  .  
  meetings_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  activities_NNS  .  
  by_IO  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  ,_,  meetings_NNS  were_VBDR  held_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  association_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bibliography_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  history_NN  .  
  the_AT1  librarians_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eight_MC  principal_JB  medical_JJ  libraries_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  held_VVD  their_APP$  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  librarian's_NN1$  office_NN  and_CC  discussed_VVD  the_AT1  ways_NNS  and_CC  means_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  co-operation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  informal_JJ  co-operative_JJ  organisation_NN  was_VBDZ  inaugurated_VBN  in_IO  1938_MC  under_IO  the_AT1  encouragement_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Gordon_NP  Gordon-Taylor_NP  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  College's_NNL1  library_NN  committee_NN  .  
  several_DA  foreign_JJ  surgeons_NNS  ,_,  scholars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  librarians_NNS  have_VH0  visited_VBN  the_AT1  library_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  librarian_NN  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  honoured_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  from_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Bradford_NP  Rogers_NP  ,_,  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  national_JJ  library_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  through_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  honorary_JJ  librarian_NN  was_VBDZ  awarded_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  honorary_JJ  fellowship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  faculty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  and_CC  pharmacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  apothecaries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  librarian_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  elected_VBN  a_AT1  fellow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  antiquaries_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  honorary_JJ  fellow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hunterian_JJ  society_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  College_NNL1  of_IO  nursing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  list_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  periodicals_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  attended_VBN  by_IO  invitation_NN  a_AT1  meeting_NN  called_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  part_NN  which_DDQ  various_JJ  national_JJ  and_CC  medical_JJ  libraries_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  in_IO  providing_VBG  a_AT1  more_RG  complete_JJ  service_NN  of_IO  medical_JJ  literature_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  scale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  assistant_NN  librarian_NN  has_VHZ  served_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  association_NN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  honorary_JJ  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  its_APP$  medical_JJ  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  librarian_NN  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  postgraduate_JB  students_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  and_CC  facilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  courses_NNS  of_IO  lectures_NNS  .  
  by_IO  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  privileged_JJ  to_TO  address_VV0  the_AT1  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  fellows_NNS  and_CC  members_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  in_IO  connexion_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  and_CC  research_NN  departments_NNS  .  
  exhibitions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  permanent_JJ  exhibitions_NNS  of_IO  Hunteriana_NP2  ,_,  medals_NNS  ,_,  drawings_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  temporary_JJ  exhibits_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  shown_VBN  for_IO  special_JJ  occasions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  Halls_NPLS  .  
  the_AT1  library_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  the_AT1  co-operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  historical_JJ  departments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  museum_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mounting_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  and_CC  particular_JJ  thanks_NNS  are_VBR  due_JJ  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Jessie_NP  Dobson_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  anatomy_NN  curator_NN  ,_,  for_IO  her_APP$  help_NN  and_CC  advice_NN  .  
  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  Listeriana_NP2  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lister_NP  lecture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bicentenary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  Matthew_NP  Baillie_NP  in_IO  1761_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  commemorated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  exhibit_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  and_CC  documents_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Hunter-Baillie_NP  collection_NN  ,_,  illustrating_VBG  his_APP$  career_NN  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  \0H_NP  \0J_NP  Seddon_NP  kindly_RR  lent_VVD  several_DA  drawings_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  memorabilia_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  orthopaedic_JJ  surgery_NN  for_IO  exhibition_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  Robert_NP  Jones_NP  lecture_NN  ,_,  to_TO  augment_VV0  the_AT1  valuable_JJ  exhibits_NNS  permanently_RR  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  orthopaedic_JJ  association_NN  .  
  the_AT1  College_NNL1  lent_VVD  four_MC  early_JJ  anaesthesia_NN  books_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  Library_NNL1  at_IO  Nancy_NP  for_IO  exhibition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  anaesthesia_NN  conference_NN  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  portrait_NN  engravings_NNS  of_IO  famous_JJ  medical_JJ  men_NNS  was_VBDZ  lent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  gallery_NN  at_IO  Auckland_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  \0B.M.A_NP  meeting_NN  in_IO  New_NP  Zealand_NP  .  
  portraits_NNS  and_CC  works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN  .  
  four_MC  important_JJ  paintings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  of_IO  portraits_NNS  of_IO  surgeons_NNS  :_:  Sir_NNSB1  Harry_NP  Platt_NP  ,_,  \0Bt_NNSB1  ,_,  generously_RR  presented_VVD  the_AT1  portrait_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  in_IO  his_APP$  presidential_JJ  robes_NNS  painted_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Hutchison_NP  ,_,  \0P.R.S.A_NNSB1  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  James_NP  Gunn_NP  ,_,  \0R.A_NNSB1  ,_,  presented_VVD  his_APP$  sketch_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  portrait_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Gordon_NP  Gordon-Taylor_NP  ,_,  painted_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  before_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Gordon's_PPIO2  death_NN  ;_;  Miss_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0M_NP  Berkeley_NP  has_VHZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  portrait_NN  of_IO  Thomas_NP  Copeland_NP  ,_,  \0F.R.S_NNSB1  ,_,  \0F.R.C.S_NNSB1  ,_,  member_NN  of_IO  council_NN  1827-1854_MC-MC  ,_,  painted_VBN  by_IO  Thomas_NP  Stewardson_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  pupil_NN  of_IO  Romney_NP  and_CC  Opie_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  frequent_JJ  academy_NN  exhibitor_NN  ;_;  Professor_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Wells_NP  has_VHZ  painted_VBN  and_CC  generously_RR  presented_VBN  a_AT1  portrait_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Archibald_NP  McIndoe_NP  .  
  several_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  portraits_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  restored_VBN  or_CC  revarnished_VBN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Cecil_NP  Wakeley_NP  ,_,  \0Bt_NNSB1  ,_,  has_VHZ  presented_VBN  a_AT1  bronze_NN  head_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  by_IO  \0E_NP  Pentland_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  pencil-portrait_NN  by_IO  \0J_NP  \0H_NP  Dowd_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  also_RR  generously_RR  given_VBN  his_APP$  collection_NN  of_IO  miniatures_NNS  of_IO  famous_JJ  medical_JJ  men_NNS  from_IO  Harvey_NP  to_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Moynihan_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  commissioned_VVD  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  Buckman_NP  ;_;  two_MC  drawings_NNS  by_IO  Henry_NP  Tonks_NP  ,_,  \0F.R.C.S_NNSB1  ,_,  Slade_NP  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  fine_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Gillies_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  presented_VBN  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Gillies_NP  and_CC  another_DD1  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  William_NP  Kelsey_NP  Fry_NP  .  
  a_AT1  coloured_JJ  drawing_NN  by_IO  Thomas_NP  Rowlandson_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  caricature_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  persevering_JJ  surgeon_NN    ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  bought_VBN  .  
  gifts_NNS  of_IO  medals_NNS  ,_,  engravings_NNS  ,_,  bookplates_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  illustrations_NNS  are_VBR  gratefully_RR  acknowledged_VBN  from_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Mary_NP  Calvert_NP  ,_,  Surgeon-Captain_NNSB1  \0J_NP  \0L_NP  \0S_NP  Coulter_NP  ,_,  \0R.N_NNSB1  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Zachary_NP  Cope_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Dickson_NP  Wright_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alexander_NP  Innes_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Geoffrey_NP  Keynes_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Victor_NP  Negus_NP  ,_,  \0Prof_NNSB1  \0K_NP  \0F_NP  Russell_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0P_NP  \0K_NP  Sartory_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  executors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Gordon_NP  Gordon-Taylor_NP  .  
  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  volume_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  Hunterian_JJ  drawings_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  completed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  museum_NN  .  
  a_AT1  selection_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  pharmacy_NN  jars_NNS  was_VBDZ  lent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP  book_NN  shop_NN  in_IO  connexion_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  royal_JJ  society_NN  tercentenary_NN  exhibition_NN  .  
  two_MC  coloured_JJ  engravings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  were_VBDR  presented_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Australasian_JJ  College_NNL1  of_IO  surgeons_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  when_CS he_PPHO1  visited_VVD  Melbourne_NP  .  
  faculty_NN  of_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  .  
  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  1960-1961_MC-MC  .  **[list**]_&FO  .  
  report_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1960-1961_MC-MC  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  committees_NNS  has_VHZ  continued_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  dental_JJ  science_NN  has_VHZ  pursued_VBN  its_APP$  researches_NNS  with_IO  vigour_NN  and_CC  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  on_IO  18th_MD  November_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  following_JJ  resolution_NN  of_IO  appreciation_NN  was_VBDZ  passed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  services_NNS  rendered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  since_IO  its_APP$  inception_NN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Wilfred_NP  Fish_NP  :_:    
    that_CS  the_AT1  faculty_NN  of_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  desires_VBZ  to_TO  record_VV0  its_APP$  deep_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  gratitude_NN  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Wilfred_NP  Fish_NP  ,_,  lately_RR  honorary_JJ  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  dental_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  services_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  rendered_VBN  to_IO  dental_JJ  science_NN  in_IO  establishing_VBG  the_AT1  department_NN  and_CC  guiding_VBG  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Wilfred_NP  Fish's_PPIO2  inspiring_JJ  leadership_NN  and_CC  wise_JJ  administration_NN  have_VH0  established_VBN  the_AT1  department_NN  on_IO  so_RG  sure_JJ  a_AT1  basis_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  every_AT1  respect_NN  well_RR  equipped_VBN  to_TO  advance_VV0  its_APP$  work_NN  with_IO  energy_NN  and_CC  confidence_NN  .    
  the_AT1  board_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  pleased_JJ  to_TO  receive_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  tour_NN  overseas_RR  a_AT1  message_NN  of_IO  goodwill_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  from_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Walsh_NP  ,_,  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Otago_NP  dental_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  postgraduate_JB  education_NN  the_AT1  board_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  greatly_RR  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  courses_NNS  of_IO  lectures_NNS  and_CC  scientific_JJ  meetings_NNS  arranged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  pleasing_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  over_RR  three_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  dentists_NNS  attended_VVD  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  meeting_NN  in_IO  June_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  board_NN  feels_VBZ  sure_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  scientific_JJ  meeting_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  become_VBN  an_AT1  established_JJ  annual_JJ  event_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  profession_NN  has_VHZ  welcomed_VBN  eagerly_RR  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  elections_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  postal_JJ  ballot_NN  on_IO  16th_MD  June_NN1  1961_MC  ,_,  to_TO  fill_VV0  five_MC  vacancies_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  retirement_NN  in_IO  rotation_NN  of_IO  four_MC  fellows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  resignation_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  fellow_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  following_NN  were_VBDR  re-elected_VBN  or_CC  elected_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  :_:    **[list**]_&FO  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  licentiate_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  on_IO  15th_MD  July_NN1  1960_MC  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  Beric_NP  Southwell_NP  ,_,  \0T.D_NNSB1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  thirteenth_MD  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thirteenth_MD  annual_JJ  meeting_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  on_IO  Friday_NN1  ,_,  15th_MD  July_NN1  1960_MC  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  attended_VBN  by_IO  forty-eight_MC  fellows_NNS  and_CC  licentiates_NNS  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Charles_NP  Tomes_NP  lecture_NN  was_VBDZ  delivered_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Terence_NP  Ward_NP  on_IO    surgery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mandibular_JJ  joint_NN    ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  anniversary_NN  dinner_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  election_NN  of_IO  Dean_NNSB1  and_CC  Vice-Dean_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  faculty_NN  re-elected_VVD  Professor_NNSB1  Martin_NP  \0A_NP  Rushton_NP  ,_,  \0C.B.E_NNSB1  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  Dean_NNSB1  and_CC  elected_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  \0H_NP  Leatherman_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  Vice-Dean_NNSB1  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  fellowship_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  by_IO  examination_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  151_MC  candidates_NNS  presented_VVD  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  examination_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  and_CC  52_MC  were_VBDR  successful_JJ  .  
  70_MC  candidates_NNS  presented_VVD  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  examination_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  fellowship_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  following_JJ  26_MC  were_VBDR  successful_JJ  :_:    **[list**]_&FO  .  
  5_MC  .  
  licence_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  347_MC  candidates_NNS  were_VBDR  examined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  surgical_JJ  section_NN  ,_,  321_MC  of_IO  whom_WPO  were_VBDR  approved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  352_MC  were_VBDR  examined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  dental_JJ  section_NN  ,_,  230_MC  of_IO  whom_WPO  were_VBDR  approved_VBN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  230_MC  candidates_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  awarded_VBN  the_AT1  licence_NN  in_IO  dental_JJ  surgery_NN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  diploma_NN  in_IO  orthodontics_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  33_MC  candidates_NNS  entered_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  diploma_NN  in_IO  orthodontics_NN  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  21_MC  were_VBDR  successful_JJ  .  
  7_MC  .  
  examinerships_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  council_NN  ,_,  acting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  faculty_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  re-elected_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  August_NN1  1961-July_MC-MC  1962_MC  those_DD2  examiners_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  eligible_JJ  and_CC  sought_VVD  re-election_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  following_JJ  new_JJ  examiners_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  elected_VBN  by_IO  council_NN  :_:    **[list**]_&FO  .  
  8_MC  .  
  primary_JJ  \0F.D.S_NNSB1  examination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  has_VHZ  drawn_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  guide_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  \0F.D.S_NNSB1  examination_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0F.R.C.S_NNSB1  regulations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  guide_NN  makes_NNS  clear_JJ  the_AT1  general_JJ  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  examinations_NNS  in_IO  anatomy_NN  ,_,  physiology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pathology_NN  and_CC  bacteriology_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  agreed_VBN  to_TO  exchange_VV0  visitors_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  College_NNL1  of_IO  surgeons_NNS  of_IO  Edinburgh_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  desirability_NN  of_IO  introducing_VBG  reciprocity_NN  as_IO  between_II  the_AT1  primary_JJ  \0F.D.S_NNSB1  examinations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  Colleges_NPLS  .  
  9_MC  .  
  postgraduate_JB  education_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  scientific_JJ  meeting_NN  organised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  3rd_MD  June_NN1  1961_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  subject_NN  was_VBDZ    temporo-mandibular_JJ  joint_NN  problems_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  treatment_NN    .  in_IO  any_DD  expansion_NN  of_IO  industry_NN  or_CC  national_JJ  prosperity_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  industry_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  forefront_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Chandos_NP  Chairman_NNSB1  of_IO  associated_JJ  electrical_JJ  industries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sixty-first_MD  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  associated_JJ  electrical_JJ  industries_NNS  limited_JJ  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  on_IO  April_NN1  20_MC  at_IO  Grosvenor_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  Park_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0W.1_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rt_NNSB1  \0Hon_NNSB1  Viscount_NNSB1  Chandos_NP  (_(  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  )_)  presided_VVD  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,  first_RR  a_AT1  sad_JJ  and_CC  heavy_JJ  task_NN  to_TO  perform_VV0  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  Directors_NNSB2  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Weeks_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Comar_NP  Wilson_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  died_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
  their_APP$  colleagues_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  have_VH0  suffered_VBN  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  two_MC  friends_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  experience_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  business_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  greatly_RR  missed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  record_VV0  our_APP$  deep_JJ  gratitude_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  services_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Head_NP  resigned_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  appointment_NN  as_IO  High_NNSB1  Commissioner_NNSB1  in_IO  Nigeria_NP  .  
  our_APP$  regrets_NNS  at_IO  losing_VBG  his_APP$  services_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  measure_NN  ,_,  offset_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  post_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  now_RL  fills_VBZ  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  top_JB  management_NN  strengthened_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  next_RR  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  certain_JJ  appointments_NNS  consequent_JJ  upon_IO  the_AT1  reorganisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  trading_JJ  entity_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  strengthened_VBN  the_AT1  top_JB  management_NN  at_IO  head_JB  office_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Cecil_NP  Dannatt_NP  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  Vice-Chairman_NNSB1  in_IO  April_NN1  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  this_DD1  opportunity_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  behalf_NN  of_IO  congratulating_VBG  him_PPHO1  upon_IO  the_AT1  knighthood_NN  which_DDQ  her_APP$  majesty_NN  has_VHZ  conferred_VBN  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  duties_NNS  last_DA  May_NN1  and_CC  his_APP$  support_NN  and_CC  knowledge_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  proved_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  value_NN  .  
  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0C_NP  \0R_NP  Wheeler_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  appointed_VBN  a_AT1  Vice-Chairman_NNSB1  .  
  we_PPIS2  would_VM  like_VV0  publicly_RR  to_TO  thank_VV0  Guest_NP  ,_,  Keen_NP  and_CC  Nettlefolds_NP2  \0Ltd_JJ  for_IO  having_VHG  agreed_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  release_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wheeler_NP  will_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  some_DD  executive_JJ  duties_NNS  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  gained_VBN  a_AT1  notable_JJ  accession_NN  of_IO  strength_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  appointment_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Joseph_NP  Latham_NP  joined_VVD  the_AT1  board_NN  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  since_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  become_VBN  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  finance_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wide_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  finance_NN  and_CC  accountancy_NN  is_VBZ  proving_VBG  of_IO  outstanding_JJ  benefit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0H_NP  West_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  served_VBN  the_AT1  company_NN  with_IO  distinction_NN  for_IO  42_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  succeeded_VVD  \0Dr_NNSB1  Dannatt_NP  as_IO  group_NN  managing_JJ  Director_NNSB1  at_IO  Manchester_NP  in_IO  April_NN1  last_DA  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  elected_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0I_NP  Basset_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  \0AEI_NP  Woolwich_NP  ,_,  also_RR  joined_VVD  the_AT1  board_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  confirm_VV0  these_DD2  appointments_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0R_NP  Mason_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  the_AT1  sole_JB  managing_JJ  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  \0AEI_NP  Export_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0A_NP  Ankerson_NP  assistant_NN  managing_JJ  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Woolwich_NP  group_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0D_NP  \0T_NP  \0L_NP  Rettie_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  the_AT1  managing_JJ  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  our_APP$  subsidiary_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  domestic_JJ  appliances_NNS  overseas_RR    \0A.E.I_NP  Gala_NP  .  
  retirements_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  refer_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS retired_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  much_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  minds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  mention_VV0  two_MC  by_IO  name_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0E_NP  \0V_NP  Small_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS for_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  years_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  concerned_VBN  with_IO  our_APP$  export_NN  business_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  notably_RR  ingenious_JJ  and_CC  successful_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  contracts_NNS  still_RR  current_JJ  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  negotiated_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  retained_VBN  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  consultant_NN  upon_IO  these_DD2  and_CC  more_RG  general_JJ  matters_NNS  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0F_NP  Tankard_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Comptroller_NNSB1  at_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  left_VBN  us_PPIO2   on_IO  reaching_VBG  retiring_NN  age_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  thank_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  his_APP$  past_JB  services_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  wish_VV0  him_PPHO1  well_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  to_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS have_VH0  retired_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  happiness_NN  and_CC  long_JJ  life_NN  .  
  research_NN  leaders_NNS  honoured_VBN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  congratulate_VV0  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  featured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  year's_NN1$  honours_NNS  lists_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  particularly_RR  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0T_NP  \0E_NP  Allibone_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0L_NP  \0J_NP  Davies_NP  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  fundamental_JJ  research_NN  laboratory_NN  at_IO  Aldermaston_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  latter_DA  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  research_NN  at_IO  Rugby_NP  .  
  1960_MC  trading_NN  profit_NN  after_IO  tax_NN  virtually_RR  unchanged_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  very_RG  briefly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  trading_NN  profit_NN  ,_,  after_IO  tax_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  unchanged_JJ  at_IO  *+4,722,000_NNU  compared_VBN  with_IO  *+4,747,000_NNU  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  depreciation_NN  charged_VBN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  by_IO  *+378,000_NNU  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  more_RR  than_RR  offset_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  tax_NN  liabilities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  adventitious_JJ  profits_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  form_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  revenue_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  change_VV0  our_APP$  investment_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  considerably_RR  lower_JJ  than_IO  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  together_RR  with_IO  amounts_NNS  set_VBN  aside_RP  for_IO  taxation_NN  now_RL  no_RR  longer_RRR  required_VBN  these_DD2  profits_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  just_RR  above_IO  *+1_NNU  \0m_MC  compared_VBN  with_IO  just_RR  under_RR  *+2_NNU  1/2_MC  \0m_MC  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  retention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  American_JJ  term_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cash_NN  flow_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  slightly_RR  less_DA  than_IO  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  at_IO  *+7,843,000_NNU  compared_VBN  with_IO  *+8,127,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  *+10_NNU  \0m_MC  in_IO  working_NN  capital_NN  consisted_VVD  partly_RR  of_IO  bigger_JJ  stocks_NNS  of_IO  finished_JJ  goods_NNS  but_CCB  mainly_RR  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  progress_NN  on_IO  large_JJ  contracts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  financing_NN  of_IO  exports_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  burden_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  welcome_VV0  any_DD  help_NN  that_PNQS \0H.M_NP  government_NN  can_VM  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  bank_NN  overdrafts_NNS  totalled_VVD  over_RR  *+9_NNU  \0m_MC  :_:  however_RR  ,_,  *+5_NNU  1/2_MC  \0m_MC  related_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  financing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Berkeley_NP  contract_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  largely_RR  self-liquidating_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  board_NN  have_VH0  no_AT1  proposals_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  additional_JJ  capital_NN  .  
  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  total_JJ  ordinary_JJ  dividends_NNS  of_IO  3_MC  /-_NNU  per_IO  share_NN  ,_,  will_VM  require_VV0  about_RR  *+140,000_NNU  more_DA  than_IO  last_DA  year_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  issue_NN  of_IO  additional_JJ  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  to_IO  \0A_NP  Reyrolle_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  in_IO  exchange_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  participation_NN  in_IO  \0C_NP  \0A_NP  Parsons_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  loss_NN  of_IO  revenue_NN  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  exchange_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  shares_NNS  for_IO  shares_NNS  in_IO  \0C_NP  \0A_NP  Parsons_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  of_RR  course_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  largely_RR  recouped_VBN  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  stockholders'_NN2  capital_NN  employed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  is_VBZ  *+138,906,000_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  equity_NN  capital_NN  is_VBZ  *+133,120,000_NNU  ,_,  against_IO  the_AT1  nominal_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  *+42,828,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  3_MC  /-_NNU  ordinary_JJ  dividend_NN  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  return_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  equity_NN  capital_NN  of_IO  slightly_RR  under_RR  5_MC  %_NNU  .  
  turnover_NN  up_RP    record_NN  order_NN  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  order_NN  book_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  record_NN  .  
  compared_VBN  with_IO  last_DA  year_NN  the_AT1  orders_NNS  received_VBN  increased_VVD  from_IO  *+182_NNU  \0m_MC  to_IO  *+233_MC  \0m_MC  .  
  our_APP$  turnover_NN  increased_VVD  from_IO  *+208_NNU  \0m_MC  to_IO  *+215_NNU  \0m_MC  ,_,  and_CC  orders_NNS  in_IO  hand_NN  have_VH0  increased_VBN  from_IO  *+173_NNU  \0m_MC  to_IO  *+181_NNU  \0m_MC  .  
  sometimes_RR  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  orders_NNS  in_IO  hand_NN  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  wholly_RR  favourable_JJ  feature_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  true_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  extent_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  growth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  book_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  matched_VBN  by_IO  parallel_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  engineering_NN  and_CC  manufacturing_NN  capacity_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  adversely_RR  affect_VV0  our_APP$  delivery_NN  dates_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  *+181_NNU  \0m_MC  orders_NNS  would_VM  appear_VV0  appropriate_JJ  and_CC  satisfactory_JJ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  business_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  annual_JJ  turnover_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  also_RR  remind_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  the_AT1  order_NN  book_NN  in_IO  lamps_NNS  and_CC  lighting_NN  ,_,  domestic_JJ  appliances_NNS  and_CC  television_NN  and_CC  radio_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  ,_,  only_RR  an_AT1  insignificant_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turnover_NN  .  
  new_JJ  telephone_NN  cable_NN  subsidiary_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  deal_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  completed_VBN  until_IO  January_NN1  1st_MD  ,_,  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rationalisation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cable_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  increased_VVD  our_APP$  shareholding_NN  in_IO  southern_JJ  united_JJ  telephone_NN  cable_NN  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  by_IO  purchasing_VBG  from_IO  British_JJ  insulated_JJ  Callender's_PPIO2  cables_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  the_AT1  major_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  holding_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  own_VV0  74_MC  1/2_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  its_APP$  name_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  changed_VBN  to_IO  telephone_NN  cables_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  a_AT1  subsidiary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shares_NNS  are_VBR  held_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  old_JJ  associates_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  venture_NN  ,_,  Enfield_NP  cables_NNS  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  satisfaction_NN  to_IO  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  have_VH0  them_PPHO1  as_IO  partners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  industry_NN  has_VHZ  made_VBN  it_PPH1  desirable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  desirable_JJ  in_IO  certain_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  research_NN  ,_,  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  co-operative_JJ  enterprises_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  conserve_VV0  technical_JJ  man_NN  power_NN  and_CC  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  expense_NN  entailed_VBN  .  
  1960_MC  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  by_IO  your_APP$  Directors_NNSB2  as_IO  a_AT1  disappointing_JJ  year_NN  because_CS  the_AT1  increased_JJ  profits_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  budgeted_VBN  were_VBDR  not_XX  realised_VBN  .  
  cables_NNS  ,_,  telephones_NNS  ,_,  lamps_NNS  and_CC  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  last_DA  year_NN  that_CS  during_IO  1959_MC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  four_MC  parts_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  business_NN  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  causing_VBG  us_PPIO2   anxiety_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  recapitulate_VV0  them_PPHO1  :_:  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  cables_NNS  ,_,  telephones_NNS  ,_,  lamps_NNS  and_CC  lighting_NN  and_CC  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  stations_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  wish_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  report_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  rationalising_VBG  the_AT1  cable_NN  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  business_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS demand_NN  for_IO  cables_NNS  was_VBDZ  particularly_RR  buoyant_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS prices_NNS  were_VBDR  particularly_RR  low_JJ  .  
  during_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  prices_NNS  of_IO  cables_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  main_JB  categories_NNS  ,_,  mains_JB  cables_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  thermo-plastic_JJ  and_CC  rubber-covered_JJ  cables_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  still_RR  about_RR  17_MC  %_NNU  below_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  April_NN1  1959_MC  ,_,  and_CC  since_IO  1959_MC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  absorb_VV0  both_DB2  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  wages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  extra_JJ  cost_NN  involved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  working_NN  week_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  and_CC  complicated_JJ  task_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  this_DD1  rationalisation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  savings_NNS  consequent_JJ  upon_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  quite_RR  as_RG  quickly_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  expected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  practically_RR  complete_JJ  and_CC  profits_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  these_DD2  facts_NNS  should_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  difference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  revenue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  year_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  telecommunications_NNS  .  
  although_CS  governments_NNS  are_VBR  unused_JJ  to_IO  thanks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  reorganisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  trading_JJ  department_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  now_RL  does_VBZ  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  return_VV0  its_APP$  surplus_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  widely_RR  applauded_VBN  .  
  its_APP$  new_JJ  status_NN  enables_VBZ  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  to_TO  plan_VV0  ahead_RR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  in_IO  our_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  as_IO  manufacturers_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  similarly_RR  plan_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  stable_JJ  foundation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  bring_VV0  employment_NN  and_CC  production_NN  into_IO  line_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  .  
  the_AT1  telecommunications_NNS  division_NN  ,_,  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  traded_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  marginal_JJ  loss_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  outlook_NN  for_IO  1961_MC  is_VBZ  more_RG  favourable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  the_AT1  equipment_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  supply_VV0  is_VBZ  rigorously_RR  costed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  expect_VV0  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  return_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  employed_VBN  .  
  thirdly_RR  ,_,  lamps_NNS  and_CC  lighting_NN  .  
  for_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  falling_JJ  prices_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  made_VBN  strenuous_JJ  efforts_NNS  to_TO  rationalise_VV0  our_APP$  production_NN  and_CC  to_TO  reduce_VV0  our_APP$  costs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  glad_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  long_JJ  and_CC  intricate_JJ  task_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  practically_RR  completed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1960_MC  we_PPIS2  increased_VVD  our_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  and_CC  traded_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  though_CS  still_RR  inadequate_JJ  profit_NN  .  
  some_DD  further_JB  improvement_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  1961_MC  .  
  fourthly_RR  ,_,  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Berkeley_NP  station_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  into_IO  commission_NN  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  no_AT1  more_DA  on_IO  the_AT1  outcome_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  contract_NN  than_CS  to_TO  repeat_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  last_DA  year_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  sum_NN  set_VBN  aside_RP  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  prudent_JJ  people_NNS  would_VM  allow_VV0  against_IO  contingencies_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  release_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  ear-marked_JJ  reserve_NN  to_IO  revenue_NN  or_CC  to_IO  our_APP$  general_JJ  reserves_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  reserve_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  last_DA  year_NN  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  \0A.E.I_NP  John_NP  Thompson_NP  nuclear_JJ  energy_NN  company_NN  \0Ltd_JJ  were_VBDR  amalgamated_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  plant_NN  company_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  partnership_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  group_NN  .  
  this_DD1  merger_NN  has_VHZ  enabled_VBN  large_JJ  savings_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  technical_JJ  staff_NN  and_CC  in_IO  costs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  operations_NNS  now_RL  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  likely_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  orders_NNS  .  
  in_IO  July_NN1  1960_MC  the_AT1  new_JJ  group_NN  received_VVD  the_AT1  order_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Dungeness_NP  station_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  largest_JJT  projected_JJ  station_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  risks_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  tendering_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  station_NN  are_VBR  far_RR  less_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  breaking_VBG  new_JJ  ground_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  problems_NNS  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  accurately_RR  assessed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  competition_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  extremely_RR  keen_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  expect_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  modest_JJ  profit_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  generation_NN  of_IO  power_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  economy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  as_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  revenue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  conventional_JJ  business_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  which_DDQ  impelled_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  enter_VV0  this_DD1  field_NN  still_RR  seem_VV0  unassailable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  but_CS  express_VV0  my_APP$  disappointment_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  engineering_NN  and_CC  scientific_JJ  effort_NN  at_IO  Berkeley_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  rewarded_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  regard_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  may_VM  lose_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  development_NN  expense_NN  and_CC  not_XX  as_IO  a_AT1  contractual_JJ  loss_NN  ,_,  large_JJ  though_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  it_PPH1  brings_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  subject_NN  into_IO  closer_JJ  perspective_NN  .  
  such_DA  were_VBDR  the_AT1  four_MC  parts_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  business_NN  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  us_PPIO2   anxiety_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  1959_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  now_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  better_JJ  posture_NN  .  
  domestic_JJ  appliances_NNS  ,_,  radio_NN  and_CC  television_NN  components_NNS  hit_VBN  by_IO  hire_NN  purchase_NN  restrictions_NNS  .  
  before_CS  I_PPIS1  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  other_DA  matters_NNS  concerning_IO  1960_MC  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  must_VM  refer_VV0  .  Dorothy_NP  Perkins_NP  limited_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  year_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Farmer_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  payroll_NN  tax_NN  .  
  the_AT1  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  Dorothy_NP  Perkins_NP  limited_JJ  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  August_NN1  2nd_MD  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  are_VBR  extracts_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  statement_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alan_NP  Farmer_NP  ,_,  as_CS  circulated_VBN  to_IO  shareholders_NNS  :_:    
  the_AT1  year_NN  ended_VVD  30th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  proved_VBN  difficult_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  occupied_VVD  the_AT1  warehouse_NN  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  premises_NNS  at_IO  Bracknell_NP  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  completion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offices_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  delayed_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  three_MC  months_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  forced_VBN  to_TO  function_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  End_NP  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  centre_NN  thirty_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  delay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  completion_NN  has_VHZ  added_VBN  to_IO  our_APP$  costs_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  continue_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  our_APP$  new_JJ  staff_NN  into_IO  London_NP  from_IO  Bracknell_NP  to_TO  train_VV0  at_IO  Newman_NP  Street_NNL1  whilst_CS  maintaining_VBG  a_AT1  normal_JJ  complement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  offices_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  London_NP  staff_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  stayed_VBN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   until_IO  such_DA  time_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  move_NN  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  staff_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  joined_VBN  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  been_VBN  most_RG  patient_JJ  and_CC  co-operative_JJ  in_IO  extremely_RR  trying_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  thanks_NNS  are_VBR  due_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  to_IO  all_DB  our_APP$  staff_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  offices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  warehouse_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  branches_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  helpful_JJ  and_CC  understanding_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  worked_VBN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   during_IO  this_DD1  difficult_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  year's_NN1$  operations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  profits_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ended_VVD  30th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  amounted_VVD  ,_,  before_IO  taxation_NN  ,_,  to_IO  *+463,512_NNU  compared_VBN  with_IO  *+482,230_NNU  for_IO  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  1960_MC  accounts_NNS  covered_VVD  53_MC  weeks'_NN2  trading_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  group_NN  profit_NN  for_IO  1961_MC  before_IO  taxation_NN  of_IO  *+463,512_NNU  is_VBZ  comparable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  *+461,848_NNU  estimated_VBN  as_CS  earned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  52_MC  trading_NN  weeks_NNS  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  although_CS  our_APP$  turnover_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  an_AT1  increase_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  branches_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  enabled_VBN  us_PPIO2   to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  increased_JJ  expenses_NNS  in_IO  our_APP$  stride_NN  as_CS  hitherto_RR  .  
  our_APP$  subsidiary_JJ  companies_NNS  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  rather_RR  disappointing_JJ  year_NN  necessitating_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retail_NN  company_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  will_VM  provide_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  satisfactory_JJ  result_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  that_CS  *+45,000_NNU  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  aside_RP  in_IO  previous_JJ  years_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  costs_NNS  arising_VBG  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  Bracknell_NP  .  
  completion_NN  having_VHG  been_VBN  delayed_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  carrying_VBG  forward_RR  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+18,540_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  profits_NNS  tax_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  1960_MC  budget_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  full_JJ  effect_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  accounts_NNS  to_IO  30th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  faced_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  increase_NN  from_IO  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  the_AT1  latest_JJT  increase_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seriously_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  charge_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  year's_NN1$  accounts_NNS  but_CCB  will_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  April_NN1  ,_,  1962_MC  ,_,  accounts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Directors_NNSB2  have_VH0  decided_VBN  to_TO  recommend_VV0  a_AT1  final_JJ  dividend_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  and_CC    B_ZZ1    ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  of_IO  15_MC  %_NNU  (_(  9_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  share_NN  )_)  less_IO  tax_NN  making_VBG  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  20_MC  %_NNU  (_(  1_MC1  /-_NNU  per_IO  share_NN  )_)  less_IO  tax_NN  paid_VBN  for_IO  1960_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  for_IO  two_MC  scrip_NN  issue_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  outlay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  financing_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  building_NN  at_IO  Bracknell_NP  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  liquid_JJ  situation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  sheet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  total_JJ  expenditure_NN  to_IO  date_NN  being_VBG  *+343,430_NNU  .  
  suppliers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  again_RR  extend_VV0  our_APP$  thanks_NNS  to_IO  our_APP$  suppliers_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  friendly_JJ  co-operation_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  would_VM  like_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  always_RR  welcome_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  their_APP$  ranges_NNS  as_CS  indeed_RR  are_VBR  those_DD2  manufacturers_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  had_VHN  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  business_NN  .  
  development_NN  and_CC  future_JB  prospects_NNS  .  
  at_IO  30th_MD  April_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  trading_VBG  in_IO  166_MC  shops_NNS  having_VHG  opened_VBN  19_MC  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  initial_JJ  expenses_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  new_JJ  unit_NN  some_DD  time_NN  elapses_VBZ  before_CS  the_AT1  full_JJ  earning_NN  potential_NN  is_VBZ  realised_VBN  .  
  immediate_JJ  benefit_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  realised_VBN  this_DD1  year_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  shops_NNS  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  confident_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  due_JJ  course_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  making_VBG  their_APP$  fair_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  profits_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  stressed_VBN  the_AT1  inadvisability_NN  of_IO  endeavouring_VBG  to_TO  forecast_VV0  the_AT1  trends_NNS  of_IO  turnover_NN  or_CC  of_IO  profits_NNS  bearing_VBG  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  uncertainties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fashion_NN  trade_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  press_NN  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  weeks_NNS  trading_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  variation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Whitsuntide_NP  holidays_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  any_DD  very_RG  definite_JJ  trend_NN  of_IO  trading_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  taking_VBG  every_AT1  step_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  command_VV0  our_APP$  full_JJ  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  expect_VV0  considerable_JJ  benefit_NN  to_TO  accrue_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  re-organisation_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  distribution_NN  system_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  to_IO  Bracknell_NP  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  payroll_NN  tax_NN  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  proposes_VBZ  ,_,  could_VM  involve_VV0  this_DD1  company_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  expense_NN  over_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  no_AT1  control_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  4_MC  /-_NNU  per_IO  week_NN  per_IO  employee_NN  was_VBDZ  imposed_VBN  the_AT1  cost_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  year_NN  could_VM  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+20,000_NNU  .  
  we_PPIS2  exercise_VV0  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  possible_JJ  economy_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  staffing_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  part-time_JB  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  present_NN  this_DD1  tax_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  full_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  part-time_JB  .  
  this_DD1  proposed_JJ  tax_NN  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  inequitable_JJ  inasmuch_CS  as_CS  it_PPH1  imposes_VBZ  completely_RR  unfair_JJ  burdens_NNS  on_IO  those_DD2  businesses_NNS  who_PNQS by_IO  their_APP$  very_DA  nature_NN  must_VM  employ_VV0  a_AT1  relatively_RR  high_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  staff_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  identical_JJ  profits_NNS  compared_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  business_NN  enterprise_NN  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  last_DA  review_NN  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  that_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  additional_JJ  expenses_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  to_IO  Bracknell_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  ever_RR  increasing_JJ  operating_NN  costs_NNS  ,_,  our_APP$  progress_NN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  earnings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  might_VM  well_RR  slow_VV0  down_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  repeat_VV0  these_DD2  remarks_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  minimise_VV0  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  faced_VBN  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  energetic_JJ  staff_NN  and_CC  now_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  move_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  completed_VBN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  available_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  determined_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  ahead_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  absorb_VV0  these_DD2  extra_JJ  expenses_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  provide_VV0  additional_JJ  profits_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  continued_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  \0W_NP  \0E_NP  Norton_NP  (_(  holdings_NNS  )_)  \0Ltd_JJ  .  
  continued_JJ  expansion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  \0W_NP  \0E_NP  Norton_NP  (_(  machine_NN  tools_NNS  )_)  \0Ltd_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  on_IO  July_NN1  10_MC  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0E_NP  Norton_NP  (_(  the_AT1  chairman_NN  )_)  presiding_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  circulated_JJ  statement_NN  :_:  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  achieved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ended_VVD  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  continued_JJ  progressive_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  companies_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  its_APP$  subsidiaries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  net_JB  profits_NNS  (_(  before_IO  taxation_NN  and_CC  Directors'_NPTS$  remuneration_NN  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  year_NN  to_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  1961_MC  show_VV0  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  67_MC  %_NNU  over_IO  the_AT1  adjusted_JJ  comparable_JJ  profits_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  dividend_NN  of_IO  7_MC  1/2_MC  %_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ended_VVD  31st_MD  March_NN1  1961_MC  compares_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  forecast_NN  of_IO  6_MC  1/4_MC  %_NNU  made_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  stock_NN  exchange_NN  quotation_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  on_IO  23rd_MD  September_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  as_CS  already_RR  announced_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  Directors_NNSB2  forecast_VV0  an_AT1  interim_JB  dividend_NN  of_IO  7_MC  1/2_MC  %_NNU  payable_JJ  before_IO  31st_MD  December_NN1  1961_MC  ,_,  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  year_NN  ending_VBG  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1962_MC  .  
  the_AT1  increased_JJ  profits_NNS  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  purchases_NNS  and_CC  sales_NNS  .  
  continuous_JJ  efforts_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  to_TO  enlarge_VV0  our_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  available_JJ  business_NN  in_IO  new_JJ  and_CC  secondhand_JJ  machine_NN  tools_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  abroad_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sales_NNS  value_NN  of_IO  stock_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  31st_MD  March_NN1  ,_,  1961_MC  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  overseas_RR  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  three_MC  times_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  stock_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  date_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  our_APP$  current_JJ  sales_NNS  and_CC  earnings_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  achieved_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  provided_CS  no_AT1  unforeseen_JJ  changes_NNS  occur_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  trading_NN  pattern_NN  ,_,  either_LE  at_IO  home_NN1  or_CC  abroad_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  confident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  company_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  good_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  machine_NN  tools_NNS  are_VBR  a_AT1  pre-requisite_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  and_CC  services_NNS  in_IO  demand_NN  by_IO  countries_NNS  developing_VBG  basic_JJ  ,_,  primary_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  industries_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  an_AT1  essential_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  continuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rising_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  proclaimed_VBN  by_IO  western_JJ  governments_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  main_JB  concerns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  industries_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  supply_VV0  are_VBR  widely_RR  diversified_VBN  and_CC  their_APP$  needs_NNS  require_VV0  many_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  specialised_JJ  study_NN  and_CC  experience_NN  .  
  to_TO  continue_VV0  our_APP$  expansion_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  train_VV0  suitable_JJ  personnel_NNS  to_TO  absorb_VV0  the_AT1  particular_JJ  knowledge_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  efficient_JJ  conduct_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  business_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  fortunate_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  in_IO  having_VHG  already_RR  a_AT1  nucleus_NN  of_IO  most_RG  able_JJ  young_JJ  executives_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  loyalty_NN  and_CC  hard_JJ  work_NN  have_VH0  greatly_RR  contributed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  report_NN  was_VBDZ  adopted_VBN  .  
  Assam_NP  frontier_NN  tea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  73rd_MD  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Assam_NP  frontier_NN  tea_NN  company_NN  limited_JJ  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  August_NN1  2_MC  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  extract_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  circulated_JJ  statement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chairman_NN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Miles_NP  ,_,  \0O.B.E_NP  :_:  
  the_AT1  profit_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ended_VVD  31st_MD  December_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  ,_,  amounts_VBZ  to_IO  *+498,726_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  charging_VBG  depreciation_NN  of_IO  *+74,000_NNU  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  *+424,726_NNU  ,_,  which_DDQ  compares_VBZ  with_IO  *+302,624_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  1959_MC  .  
  contrary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  some_DD  Assam_NP  producers_NNS  ,_,  your_APP$  company_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  drought_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  yield_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  tea_NN  areas_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  crop_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  highest_JJT  so_RG  far_RR  secured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  history_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  yield_NN  from_IO  our_APP$  Assam_NP  estates_NNS  rising_VBG  from_IO  1,100_MC  \0lbs_NNU2  to_IO  1,204_MC  \0lbs_NNU2  per_IO  acre_NN  .  
  sales_NNS  proceeds_NNS  increased_VVD  by_IO  over_RR  *+230,000_NNU  but_CCB  against_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  approximately_RR  *+100,000_NNU  in_IO  upkeep_NN  expenditure_NN  ,_,  largely_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  extra_JJ  crop_NN  harvested_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  recommend_VV0  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  final_JJ  dividend_NN  of_IO  7_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  on_IO  the_AT1  preferred_JJ  stock_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  dividend_NN  of_IO  25_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  on_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  stock_NN  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  our_APP$  crop_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  June_NN1  is_VBZ  1,279,920_MC  \0lbs_NNU2  ,_,  a_AT1  decrease_NN  of_IO  224,400_MC  \0lbs_NNU2  when_CS compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  part_NN  of_IO  May_NN1  and_CC  early_RR  in_IO  June_NN1  the_AT1  weather_NN  was_VBDZ  unusually_RR  cold_JJ  and_CC  wet_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  growth_NN  was_VBDZ  checked_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  quality_NN  teas_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  are_VBR  made_VBN  .  
  reports_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  early_JJ  manufacture_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  Lewis_NP  &_CC  Peat_NP  ,_,  limited_JJ  .  
  year_NN  of_IO  consolidation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  41st_MD  annual_JJ  general_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  Lewis_NP  &_CC  Peat_NP  ,_,  limited_JJ  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  August_NN1  2_MC  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  extract_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  circulated_JJ  statement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chairman_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herbert_NP  Boyden_NP  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  mention_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  board_NN  has_VHZ  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  year_NN  concentrated_VBN  mainly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  consolidation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  activities_NNS  .  
  as_CS  forecast_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  trading_NN  profit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  before_IO  charging_JJ  taxation_NN  ,_,  amounting_VBG  to_IO  *+231,279_NNU  ,_,  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  increase_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  *+214,396_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  year_NN  .  
  after_IO  deducting_VBG  taxation_NN  of_IO  *+114,220_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  adjusting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  shareholders_NNS  in_IO  subsidiary_JJ  companies_NNS  and_CC  pre-acquisition_JB  profits_NNS  of_IO  subsidiaries_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  remains_VBZ  a_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  *+103,654_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  distribution_NN  to_IO  equity_NN  shareholders_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  is_VBZ  *+36,444_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  covered_VBN  more_RRR  than_IO  two_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  times_NNS  by_IO  earnings_NNS  .  
  commodity_NN  interests_NNS  :_:  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  diversification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group's_NN1$  activities_NNS  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  place_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  retained_VBN  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  traditional_JJ  commodity_NN  business_NN  .  
  rubber_NN  ,_,  edible_JJ  oils_NNS  ,_,  oilseeds_NNS  ,_,  oilcake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  spices_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  cocoa_NN  are_VBR  still_RR  being_VBG  dealt_VBN  with_IO  through_IO  our_APP$  subsidiary_JJ  or_CC  associated_JJ  companies_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  also_RR  retained_VBN  our_APP$  interest_NN  ,_,  through_IO  a_AT1  subsidiary_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  fibre_NN  business_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  year_NN  under_IO  comparatively_RR  difficult_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  far_JJ  east_NN1  :_:  
  Lewis_NP  &_CC  Peat_NP  (_(  Singapore_NP  )_)  \0Ltd_JJ  have_VH0  maintained_VBN  their_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  eastern_JJ  market_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  further_RRR  strengthened_VBN  their_APP$  business_NN  by_IO  acquiring_VBG  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Day_NP  &_CC  \0Co_NN1  \0Ltd_JJ  in_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  further_RR  widened_VBN  our_APP$  sphere_NN  of_IO  activities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  east_NN1  by_IO  acquiring_VBG  an_AT1  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  sharebroking_NN  firm_NN  in_IO  Malaya_NP  and_CC  present_JJ  indications_NNS  are_VBR  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  prove_VV0  a_AT1  useful_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  income_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  west_NN1  Africa_NP  :_:  
  our_APP$  activities_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  have_VH0  continued_VBN  to_TO  grow_VV0  .  
  our_APP$  export_NN  business_NN  particularly_RR  continues_VBZ  to_TO  expand_VV0  satisfactorily_RR  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  of_IO  the_AT1  opinion_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  market_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  territories_NNS  as_CS  their_APP$  economies_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  develop_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  recently_RR  taken_VBN  steps_NNS  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO  two_MC  industrial_JJ  enterprises_NNS  in_IO  Nigeria_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  believe_VV0  will_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  results_NNS  in_IO  course_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  there_EX  are_VBR  spacious_JJ  grounds_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  Halls_NPLS  .  
  provision_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  playing_NN  of_IO  football_NN  ,_,  hockey_NN  ,_,  cricket_NN  ,_,  tennis_NN  and_CC  squash_NN  rackets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  for_IO  badminton_NN  ,_,  rowing_NN  and_CC  swimming_VBG  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  running_NN  track_NN  .  
  facilities_NNS  for_IO  recreational_JJ  physical_JJ  activities_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  gymnasium_NN  .  
  general_JJ  information_NN  .  
  admission_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  .  
  applicants_NNS  for_IO  admission_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  course_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  must_VM  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  17_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  on_IO  1_MC1  October_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  admission_NN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  ,_,  before_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  session_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  enter_VV0  the_AT1  University_NNL1  ,_,  be_VB0  eligible_JJ  to_TO  matriculate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  ordinance_NN  and_CC  regulations_NNS  governing_VBG  matriculation_NN  and_CC  entrance_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  faculty_NN  are_VBR  published_VBN  on_IO  pages_NNS  104_MC  and_CC  145_MC  .  
  forms_NNS  of_IO  application_NN  for_IO  admission_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  .  
  candidates_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  to_TO  attend_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  for_IO  interview_NN  .  
  occasional_JJ  and_CC  part-time_JB  students_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  to_TO  attend_VV0  lectures_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  concerned_VBN  without_IO  satisfying_VBG  the_AT1  normal_JJ  conditions_NNS  for_IO  entry_NN  .  
  admission_NN  of_IO  overseas_JB  students_NNS  .  
  applications_NNS  from_IO  overseas_JB  students_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  government_NN  office_NN  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  or_CC  body_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  applicant's_NN1$  maintenance_NN  ,_,  certifying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  receive_VV0  adequate_JJ  financial_JJ  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  duration_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  course_NN  .  
  applications_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  considered_VBN  without_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  assurance_NN  .  
  submission_NN  of_IO  applications_NNS  .  
  applications_NNS  of_IO  candidates_NNS  from_IO  overseas_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  only_RR  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  submitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  either_LE  by_IO  the_AT1  students'_NN2  branch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  office_NN  (_(  2_MC  Sanctuary_NP  Buildings_NPLS  ,_,  Great_NP  Smith_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W.1_NP  )_)  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  official_JJ  representative_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  countries_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  applications_NNS  from_IO  candidates_NNS  wishing_VBG  to_TO  attend_VV0  occasional_JJ  lectures_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  one_MC1  session_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  submitted_VBN  direct_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  registration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  University_NNL1  session_NN  opens_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  second_MD  week_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  students_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  register_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  three_MC  days_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  session_NN  .  
  all_DB  freshmen_NNS  entering_VBG  upon_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  course_NN  must_VM  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  registration_NN  or_CC  within_IO  seven_MC  days_NNS  present_VV0  evidence_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  eligibility_NN  to_TO  matriculate_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  assistant_NN  Registrar_NNSB1  (_(  academic_JJ  )_)  .  
  discipline_NN  .  
  the_AT1  University_NNL1  regulations_NNS  are_VBR  published_VBN  on_IO  page_NN  132_MC  .  
  entry_NN  for_IO  examinations_NNS  .  
  all_DB  students_NNS  must_VM  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  concerned_VBN  before_II  entering_VBG  for_IO  examinations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  examinations_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  .  
  no_AT1  student_NN  may_VM  postpone_VV0  or_CC  withdraw_VV0  registration_NN  or_CC  entry_NN  for_IO  any_DD  examination_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  .  
  students_NNS  whose_PNQV$  progress_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  unsatisfactory_JJ  may_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  to_TO  withdraw_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  failure_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  examination_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  unsatisfactory_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  see_VV0  also_RR  University_NNL1  regulations_NNS  ,_,  section_NN  3_MC  ,_,  page_NN  133_MC  .  
  residence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  University_NNL1  is_VBZ  in_IO  principle_NN  residential_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  all_DB  full-time_JB  students_NNS  for_IO  whom_WPO  there_EX  is_VBZ  room_NN  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  halls_NNS  of_IO  residence_NN  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  growth_NN  in_IO  numbers_NNS  the_AT1  accommodation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Halls_NPLS  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  now_RL  insufficient_JJ  to_TO  house_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  students_NNS  not_XX  living_VBG  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  approximately_RR  half_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  places_NNS  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  are_VBR  reserved_VBN  for_IO  first-year_JB  students_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  places_NNS  are_VBR  allocated_VBN  to_IO  second-year_JB  students_NNS  .  
  forms_NNS  of_IO  application_NN  for_IO  residence_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  candidates_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  an_AT1  offer_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  .  
  students_NNS  (_(  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  living_VBG  at_IO  home_NN1  )_)  who_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  offered_VBN  accommodation_NN  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  must_VM  live_VV0  in_IO  lodgings_NNS  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  allocation_NN  of_IO  first-year_JB  students_NNS  to_IO  Halls_NPLS  is_VBZ  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Wardens_NNSB2  and_CC  students_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  reside_VV0  in_IO  approved_JJ  lodgings_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Warden_NNSB1  of_IO  lodgings_NNS  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  residence_NN  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  or_CC  lodgings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  term_NN  .  
  a_AT1  limited_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  second_MD  or_CC  third_MD  years_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  previously_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  lodgings_NNS  are_VBR  admitted_VBN  to_IO  Hall_NNL1  .  
  applications_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Warden_NNSB1  .  
  University_NNL1  health_NN  service_NN  .  
  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  for_IO  students_NNS  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  .  
  all_DB  students_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  undergo_VV0  a_AT1  medical_JJ  examination_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  session_NN  and_CC  at_IO  such_DA  times_NNS  afterwards_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  may_VM  advise_VV0  .  
  students_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  strongly_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  available_JJ  annually_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  for_IO  chest_NN  X-ray_NN  examination_NN  .  
  all_DB  students_NNS  ,_,  except_IO  those_DD2  living_VBG  locally_RR  and_CC  therefore_RR  registered_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  doctor_NN  ,_,  should_VM  re-register_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  arrangements_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  or_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN  .  
  students_NNS  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  should_VM  consult_VV0  their_APP$  Warden_NNSB1  before_IO  re-registration_NN  .  
  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  re-registration_NN  students_NNS  must_VM  bring_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  to_IO  Hull_NP  their_APP$  national_JJ  health_NN  medical_JJ  card_NN  .  
  (_(  see_VV0  also_RR  University_NNL1  regulations_NNS  ,_,  section_NN  5_MC  ,_,  page_NN  134_MC  .  )_)  
  sick_JJ  students_NNS  ,_,  where_CS illness_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  last_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  24_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  admitted_VBN  from_IO  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS desirable_JJ  ,_,  from_IO  lodgings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  bay_NN  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  Sister_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  bay_NN  .  **[list**]_&FO  .  
  students_NNS  living_VBG  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  or_CC  lodgings_NNS  will_VM  pay_VV0  a_AT1  fee_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  *+1_NNU  1_MC1  \0s_NNU  per_IO  session_NN  ;_;  students_NNS  living_VBG  at_IO  home_NN1  will_VM  pay_VV0  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  per_IO  session_NN  .  
  refectories_NNS  .  
  facilities_NNS  are_VBR  provided_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  students'_NN2  union_NN  Building_NNL1  ,_,  for_IO  morning_NN  coffee_NN  ,_,  luncheon_NN  ,_,  tea_NN  and_CC  evening_NN  meals_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  separate_JJ  staff_NN  refectory_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  staff_NN  .  
  University_NNL1  regulations_NNS  .  
  general_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  University_NNL1  expects_VBZ  its_APP$  students_NNS  to_TO  conduct_VV0  themselves_PPX2  at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  orderly_JJ  manner_NN  creditable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  regulations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  order_NN  and_CC  discipline_NN  are_VBR  promulgated_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  all_DB  students_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  know_VV0  and_CC  observe_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  students_NNS  on_IO  admission_NN  must_VM  sign_VV0  a_AT1  declaration_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  observe_VV0  the_AT1  ordinances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  and_CC  will_VM  conform_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  such_DA  regulations_NNS  as_CS  may_VM  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  order_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  also_RR  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  conversant_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  regulations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  calendar_NN  .  
  regulations_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  halls_NNS  of_IO  residence_NN  ,_,  lodgings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  University_NNL1  Library_NNL1  ,_,  have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  force_NN  as_IO  University_NNL1  regulations_NNS  and_CC  any_DD  breach_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  as_IO  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  University_NNL1  discipline_NN  .  
  University_NNL1  terms_NNS  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  official_JJ  dates_NNS  of_IO  University_NNL1  terms_NNS  as_CS  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  calendar_NN  apply_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  students_NNS  .  
  students_NNS  (_(  other_DA  than_IO  new_JJ  students_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  session_NN  and_CC  research_NN  students_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  in_IO  Hull_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  of_IO  term_NN  and_CC  ,_,  except_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  their_APP$  faculty_NN  ,_,  may_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  down_RP  until_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  last_DA  days_NNS  of_IO  term_NN  as_CS  published_VBN  are_VBR  regarded_VBN  as_IO  travelling_NN  days_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  no_AT1  lectures_NNS  or_CC  classes_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  residence_NN  of_IO  research_NN  students_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  head_NN  of_IO  department_NN  or_CC  Supervisor_NNSB1  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  permission_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  down_RP  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  term_NN  (_(  exeat_NN  )_)  :_:  
  an_AT1  exeat_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  granted_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  special_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  personally_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  first_RR  obtained_VBN  an_AT1  exeat_NN  form_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Dean's_NNSB2  office_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  temporary_JJ  absence_NN  during_IO  term_NN  (_(  absit_NN  )_)  :_:  
  leave_NN  of_IO  absence_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  granted_VBN  during_IO  University_NNL1  terms_NNS  subject_JJ  to_IO  departmental_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  academic_JJ  requirements_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  halls_NNS  of_IO  residence_NN  and_CC  lodgings_NNS  regulations_NNS  .  
  leave_NN  for_IO  three_MC  successive_JJ  nights_NNS  will_VM  ordinarily_RR  be_VB0  granted_VBN  only_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  Saturday_NN1  and_CC  Sunday_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  granting_VBG  temporary_JJ  leave_NN  of_IO  absence_NN  during_IO  terms_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  delegated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Deans_NNSB2  to_IO  heads_NNS  of_IO  departments_NNS  ;_;  students_NNS  seeking_VBG  such_DA  leave_NN  should_VM  first_RR  obtain_VV0  an_AT1  absit_NN  form_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Dean's_NNSB2  office_NN  .  
  (_(  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  supplementary_JJ  regulations_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  exeats_NNS  and_CC  absits_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Registrar's_NNSB2  office_NN  .  )_)  
  registration_NN  and_CC  payment_NN  of_IO  fees_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  register_VV0  for_IO  classes_NNS  and_CC  examinations_NNS  and_CC  pay_VV0  any_DD  fee_NN  prescribed_VBN  and_CC  any_DD  other_DA  University_NNL1  dues_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  dates_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  laid_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  official_JJ  notices_NNS  .  
  classes_NNS  and_CC  examinations_NNS  .  
  3_MC  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  follow_VV0  throughout_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS  the_AT1  courses_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  registered_VBN  and_CC  attend_VV0  such_DA  classes_NNS  and_CC  such_DA  examinations_NNS  as_CS  are_VBR  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  departments_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  student_NN  may_VM  change_VV0  his_APP$  course_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  departments_NNS  concerned_VBN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  faculty_NN  .  
  no_AT1  student_NN  may_VM  enter_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  University_NNL1  examination_NN  or_CC  an_AT1  examination_NN  conducted_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  other_DA  examining_JJ  body_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  of_IO  his_APP$  faculty_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  examination_NN  such_DA  consent_NN  is_VBZ  normally_RR  given_VBN  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  examination_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  professional_JJ  qualification_NN  closely_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  student's_NN1$  course_NN  .  
  consent_NN  for_IO  entry_NN  to_IO  examinations_NNS  is_VBZ  normally_RR  given_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  Dean_NNSB1  or_CC  his_APP$  deputy_NN  signs_VBZ  the_AT1  student's_NN1$  registration_NN  form_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  session_NN  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  enter_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  registration_NN  form_NN  particulars_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  external_JJ  examinations_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  propose_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  during_IO  the_AT1  session_NN  .  
  University_NNL1  examinations_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  kind_NN  will_VM  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  take_VV0  priority_NN  over_IO  any_DD  other_DA  examinations_NNS  which_DDQ  a_AT1  student_NN  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  .  
  students_NNS  absent_JJ  from_IO  classes_NNS  must_VM  report_VV0  such_DA  absence_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  days_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Warden_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  residing_VBG  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  registry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  all_DB  other_DA  students_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  illness_NN  students_NNS  in_IO  lodgings_NNS  must_VM  also_RR  report_VV0  such_DA  absence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Warden_NNSB1  of_IO  lodgings_NNS  .  
  gowns_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  all_DB  full-time_JB  students_NNS  reading_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  or_CC  diploma_NN  must_VM  wear_VV0  approved_JJ  academic_JJ  dress_NN  at_IO  examinations_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  ceremonial_JJ  occasions_NNS  ,_,  at_IO  official_JJ  interviews_NNS  with_IO  University_NNL1  Officers_NNSB2  and_CC  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  staff_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  at_IO  lectures_NNS  unless_CS  Senate_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  recommendation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  faculty_NN  shall_VM  for_IO  special_JJ  reasons_NNS  determine_VV0  otherwise_RR  .  
  gowns_NNS  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  worn_VBN  in_IO  laboratories_NNS  .  
  health_NN  .  
  5_MC  .  
  students_NNS  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  living_VBG  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  their_APP$  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  medical_JJ  cards_NNS  to_IO  Hull_NP  and_CC  to_TO  register_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  service_NN  either_LE  with_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  (_(  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Raines_NP  )_)  ,_,  or_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN  .  
  students_NNS  must_VM  inform_VV0  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  prescribed_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doctor_NN  in_IO  Hull_NP  or_CC  district_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  registered_VBN  .  
  all_DB  students_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  present_VV0  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  a_AT1  medical_JJ  examination_NN  during_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  such_DA  times_NNS  afterwards_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  University_NNL1  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  may_VM  advise_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  strongly_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  facilities_NNS  provided_VBN  annually_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  for_IO  chest_NN  X-ray_NN  examination_NN  .  
  students_NNS  absent_JJ  from_IO  classes_NNS  owing_IO  to_II  illness_NN  must_VM  report_VV0  such_DA  absence_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  days_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Warden_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  residing_VBG  in_IO  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  Warden_NNSB1  of_IO  lodgings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  students_NNS  in_IO  lodgings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  registry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  all_DB  other_DA  students_NNS  .  
  vehicles_NNS  .  
  6_MC  .  
  students_NNS  are_VBR  permitted_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  vehicles_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  and_CC  park_VV0  them_PPHO1  there_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  permission_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  expressly_RR  withdrawn_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  registration_NN  .  
  students_NNS  regularly_RR  parking_VBG  cars_NNS  ,_,  motor-cycles_NNS  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  mechanically_RR  propelled_JJ  vehicles_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  must_VM  register_VV0  such_DA  vehicles_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Registrar's_NNSB2  office_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  week_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  session_NN  .  
  any_DD  newly_RR  acquired_JJ  vehicle_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  registered_VBN  immediately_RR  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  parking_NN  .  
  detailed_JJ  regulations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  promulgated_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  specifying_VBG  inter_RR  alia_RR  the_AT1  times_NNS  during_IO  which_DDQ  and_CC  the_AT1  entrances_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  cars_NNS  ,_,  motor-cycles_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  mechanically_RR  propelled_JJ  vehicles_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  into_IO  and_CC  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  places_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  such_DA  vehicles_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  parked_VBN  .  
  similar_JJ  regulations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  pedal_NN  cycles_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  cycle_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  parked_VBN  ,_,  even_RR  temporarily_RR  ,_,  near_IO  any_DD  building_NN  except_CS  as_CS  authorised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  .  
  cycles_NNS  parked_VBN  in_IO  unauthorised_JJ  places_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  moved_VBN  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  impounded_VBN  until_CS  any_DD  fine_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  imposed_VBN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  vehicles_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  cycles_NNS  not_XX  equipped_VBN  with_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  mechanical_JJ  propulsion_NN  ,_,  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  left_VBN  over-night_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  without_IO  the_AT1  permission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  .  
  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  no_AT1  vehicle_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  grounds_NNS  during_IO  vacations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  University_NNL1  authorities_NNS  shall_VM  have_VH0  power_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  any_DD  vehicle_NN  so_RR  left_VBN  by_IO  causing_VBG  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  removed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  student_NN  responsible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  having_VHG  it_PPH1  put_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  private_JJ  or_CC  public_JJ  place_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  University_NNL1  may_VM  find_VV0  convenient_JJ  .  family_NN  guide_NN  to_IO  autumn_NN  footwear_NN  .  
  exciting_JJ  colours_NNS  .  
  new_JJ  toe_NN  styles_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  partial_JJ  retreat_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sharply-pointed_JB  Italian_JJ  toe_NN  is_VBZ  indicated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  footwear_NN  presentations_NNS  .  
  taking_VBG  a_AT1  look_NN  recently_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  from_IO  \0CWS_NP  factories_NNS  I_PPIS1  noted_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  interesting_JJ  models_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  newer_JJ  square_JJ  toe_NN  .  
  another_DD1  new_JJ  style_NN  feature_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wine-glass_NN  or_CC  flared_JJ  heel_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  teamed_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  pointed_JJ  ,_,  squared_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  chisel_NN  toes_NNS  .  
  colour_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  important_JJ  in_IO  choosing_VBG  autumn_NN  footwear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  autumn_NN  range_NN  of_IO  shades_NNS  is_VBZ  almost_RR  bewildering_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  exciting_JJ  new-comers_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  conker_NN  calf_NN  and_CC  charcoal_NN  ,_,  rocco_NN  and_CC  Russian_JJ  violet_NN  .  
  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  attention_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  designers_NNS  to_IO  comfort_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  style_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  collection_NN  exclusively_RR  created_VBN  for_IO  Britain's_PPIO2  co-operative_JJ  stores_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  noted_VVD  the_AT1    bagged_JJ    toplines_NNS  and_CC  tailored_JJ  ankle_NN  fittings_NNS  ,_,  exemplified_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  calf_NN  shoe_NN  from_IO  Norwich_NP  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  also_RR  available_JJ  in_IO  tan_JJ  calf_NN  and_CC  mushroom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  comfort_NN  element_NN  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  marked_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Elizabeth_NP  shoe_NN  family_NN  ,_,  expressly_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   whose_PNQV$  feet_NNS  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  youthful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  who_PNQS nevertheless_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  fashionably_RR  shod_VBN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   could_VM  ask_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  smarter_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  than_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  softie_NN  calf_NN  shoe_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  cushioned_JJ  heel_NN  sock_NN  ,_,  arch_NN  support_NN  ,_,  and_CC  elasticised_JJ  forepart_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  offered_VBN  also_RR  in_IO  charcoal_NN  .  
  for_IO  younger_JJ  feet_NNS  the_AT1  famous_JJ  countrysider_NN  range_NN  brings_VBZ  in_RP  the_AT1  casual_JJ  .  
  gristle_NN  soles_NNS  and_CC  chisel_NN  toes_NNS  are_VBR  features_NNS  here_RL  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  model_NN  in_IO  dark_JJ  green_NN  and_CC  maize_NN  .  
  these_DD2  new_JJ  countrysiders_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  up-to-the-minute_JB  fashion_NN  features_NNS    including_IO  the_AT1  kidney-shaped_JJ  toepiece_NN    are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  retain_VV0  their_APP$  popularity_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  teenagers_NNS  .  
  fashion_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  is_VBZ  as_RG  apparent_JJ  in_IO  male_JJ  footwear_NN  as_CS  in_IO  women's_NN2  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  collection_NN  offered_VVD  both_DB2  square_JJ  and_CC  chisel_NN  toe_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  stylings_NNS    and_CC  here_RL  again_RR  colour_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  essential_JJ  fashion_NN  feature_NN  .  
  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  our_APP$  men_NNS  breaking_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  those_DD2  traditional_JJ  browns_NNS  and_CC  blacks_NNS  into_IO  more_RG  interesting_JJ  shades_NNS    as_CS  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Ardingtons_NP2  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  dark_JJ  brown_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  autumn's_NN1$  most_RG  popular_JJ  footwear_NN  shades_NNS  for_IO  men_NNS  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  clothes_NNS  collections_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  young_JJ  folk's_NN2  styles_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  junior_JJ  editions_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  elders'_NN2  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  ,_,  toe_NN  styles_NNS  run_VV0  to_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  medium_JB  pointed_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  chisel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  maids'_NN2  casuals_NNS  incorporate_VV0  the_AT1  kitten_NN  heel_NN  ,_,  bagged_JJ  tops_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  chisel_NN  toes_NNS  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  boys'_NN2  shoes_NNS  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  toe_NN  shape_NN  in_IO  varying_JJ  degrees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Leeds_NP  numbers_NNS  shown_VBN  me_PPIO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  vamp_NN  decorated_VBN  in_IO  Terylene_NP  braid_NN  .  
  more_RG  modish_JJ  still_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pointed-toe_JB  model_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  masculine-looking_JJ  buckle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  resin_NN  soled_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  rubber-soled_JJ  casual_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  styling_NN  ,_,  unlined_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  elastic_JJ  side_NN  insertions_NNS  and_CC  smooth_JJ  saddle_NN  running_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  forepart_NN  .  
    \0D.L.R_NP  .  
  bed-time_NN  luxury_NN  .  
  eiderdowns_NNS  are_VBR  slippery_JJ  objects_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  restless_JJ  nights_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  too_RG  apt_JJ  to_TO  prove_VV0  .  
  to_TO  keep_VV0  you_PPY  from_IO  being_VBG  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_NN  by_IO  these_DD2  unaccommodating_JJ  articles_NNS  the_AT1  \0CWS_NP  Pelaw_NP  quilt_NN  factory_NN  have_VH0  introduced_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  item_NN  into_IO  their_APP$  range_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  featured_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  quilts_NNS  with_IO  matching_JJ  bedspreads_NNS  .  
  now_RL  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  offering_VBG  you_PPY  the_AT1  two_MC  in_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  quilt_NN  with_IO  matching_JJ  valance_NN  attached_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  gusseted_JJ  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  snug_JJ  fit_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  pillows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  eiderdown_NN  covering_VBG  a_AT1  bedspread_NN  .  
  for_IO  sheer_JB  luxurious_JJ  warmth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  winter_NN  nothing_PN1  could_VM  compare_VV0  with_IO  another_DD1  newcomer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  continental_JJ  style_NN  quilt_NN  .  
  filled_VBN  with_IO  pure_JJ  down_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  down-proof_JJ  super_JJ  cambric_NN  stitched_VBN  into_IO  four_MC  panels_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  slipping_VBG  off_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  for_CS  it_PPH1  folds_VBZ  cosily_RR  around_IO  you_PPY  as_CS  you_PPY  turn_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  about_RR  14_MC  guineas_NNS  may_VM  appear_VV0  high_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  quilt_NN  is_VBZ  designed_VBN  to_TO  last_VV0  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  choose_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  colour_NN  range_NN  of_IO  rose_NN  ,_,  gold_NN  ,_,  green_NN  ,_,  blue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  beige_NN  ,_,  all_DB  piped_VBN  with_IO  white_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  two_MC  years_NNS  washable_JJ  quilts_NNS  in_IO  man-made_JJ  fibres_NNS  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fore_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Pelaw_NP  range_NN  includes_VBZ  printed_JJ  nylons_NNS  ,_,  Terylenes_NP2  and_CC  Tricels_NP2  ,_,  all_DB  with_IO  Tricel_NP  or_CC  Terylene_NP  fillings_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  with_IO  their_APP$  flower-scattered_JJ  designs_NNS  would_VM  add_VV0  glamour_NN  to_IO  any_DD  bedroom_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dainty_JJ  rose_NN  pattern_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  printed_JJ  Tricel_NP  quilt_NN  with_IO  frilled_JJ  edge_NN  and_CC  plain_JJ  Tricel_NP  back_NN  .  
  this_DD1  delightful_JJ  model_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  in_IO  rose_NN  ,_,  gold_NN  ,_,  blue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lilac_NN  ,_,  and_CC  costs_NNS  about_RR  *+5_NNU  7_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  another_DD1  pretty_JJ  quilt_NN  with_IO  printed_JJ  Terylene_NP  front_NN  and_CC  plain_JJ  nylon_NN  frill_NN  and_CC  back_NN  sells_VBZ  for_IO  about_RR  *+6_NNU  12_MC  \0s_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  colours_NNS  available_JJ  are_VBR  rose_NN  ,_,  blue_NN  ,_,  gold_NN  ,_,  and_CC  cerise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traditionally_RR  styled_JJ  quilts_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  highly_RR  popular_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  harder_JJ  wearing_JJR"  than_IO  those_DD2  made_VBN  from_IO  man-made_JJ  fibres_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  model_NN  in_IO  embroidered_JJ  crepe_NN  with_IO  ruched_JJ  centre_NN  and_CC  scalloped_JJ  edge_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  dark_JJ  rose_NN  ,_,  light_JJ  rose_NN  ,_,  gold_NN  ,_,  green_NN  ,_,  blue_NN  ,_,  oyster_NN  ,_,  wine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lavender_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  feather_NN  filling_NN  and_CC  down-proof_JJ  back_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  *+7_NNU  10_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  reversible_JJ  quilt_NN  in_IO  rose_NN  ,_,  beige_NN  ,_,  green_NN  ,_,  blue_NN  ,_,  wine_NN  ,_,  or_CC  black_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  reasonably_RR  priced_VBN  at_IO  *+3_NNU  16_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  feather-filled_JJ  model_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  down-proof_JJ  cambric_NN  .  
  all_DB  prices_NNS  given_VBN  are_VBR  for_IO  double-bed_JB  size_NN  .  
  grandmothers-to-be_NNS  should_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  note_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  pretty_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  pram_NN  sets_NNS  in_IO  nylon_NN  with_IO  Terylene_NP  fillings_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  have_VH0  delicate_JJ  designs_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  covers_NNS  and_CC  plain_JJ  matching_JJ  pillow-cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  prices_NNS  range_VV0  from_IO  about_RR  *+1_NNU  14_MC  \0s_NNU  6_MC  \0d_NNU  to_IO  *+2_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  colours_NNS  are_VBR  pink_NN  ,_,  sky_NN  ,_,  ivory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lemon_NN  .  
  shirts_NNS  are_VBR  his_APP$  business_NN  .  
  says_VBZ  Robert_NP  Pemberton_NP  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  still_RR  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  shirt_NN  with_IO  separate_JJ  collars_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  closed_JJ  front_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Grundy_NP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  you_PPY  can_VM  count_VV0  yourself_PPX1  as_IO  rather_DA  a_AT1    square_NN  ,_,    as_CS  young_JJ  Ron_NP  would_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  jargon_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_RR  little_RR  old-fashioned_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  90_MC  out_RP  of_IO  every_AT1  100_MC  males_NNS  are_VBR  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  collar-attached_JB  tunic_NN  shirt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  non-iron_JB  and_CC  drip-dry_JJ  are_VBR  also_RR  highly_RR  favoured_VBN  nowadays_RR  .  
  where_CS ironing_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  the_AT1  busy_JJ  housewife_NN  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  much_RR  easier_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  pressing_VBG  the_AT1  open-front_JB  type_NN  of_IO  shirt_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  this_DD1  during_IO  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  chat_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  Hunt_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS manages_VBZ  the_AT1  \0CWS_NP  shirt_NN  ,_,  pyjama_NN  ,_,  and_CC  overall_NN  group_NN  of_IO  five_MC  factories_NNS  at_IO  Broughton_NP  ,_,  Pelaw_NP  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  ,_,  Sheffield_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Reading_NP  .  
    men_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  as_RG  colour-conscious_JJ  as_IO  women_NNS  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Hunt_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,    and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  conservative_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  grow_VV0  older_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  a_AT1  big_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  white_NN  ,_,  checks_NNS  are_VBR  called_VBN  for_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  stripes_NNS  .  
  pastel_JJ  shades_NNS  have_VH0  lost_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  popularity_NN  .    
  until_CS  I_PPIS1  toured_VVD  the_AT1  Broughton_NP  factory_NN  I_PPIS1  never_RR  realised_VVD  how_CS much_DA  research_NN  and_CC  planning_NN  goes_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  top-class_JB  shirt_NN  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  made_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  \0CWS's_PPIO2  Broughton_NP  ,_,  Pelaw_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Cardiff_NP  factories_NNS  .  
  so_RG  many_DA  synthetic_JJ  materials_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  nylons_NNS  ,_,  Terylene_NP  ,_,  Acrilan_NP  ,_,  and_CC  rayon_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  shirts_NNS  that_CS  extra_JJ  care_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  inter-linings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  sewing_NN  cotton_NN  shrink_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  ratio_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  fabric_NN  .  
    in_IO  my_APP$  long_JJ  experience_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  there_EX  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  as_RG  many_DA  technical_JJ  and_CC  scientific_JJ  problems_NNS  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  today_NN1  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hunt_NP  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  drip-dry_JJ  shirts_NNS  the_AT1  collar_NN  inter-linings_NNS  are_VBR  treated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  water_NN  repellant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  new_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  inter-linings_NNS  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  shirts_NNS  manufactured_VBN  from_IO  man-made_JJ  fibres_NNS  .    
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  done_VBN  methodically_RR  and_CC  thoroughly_RR  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  as_RG  many_DA  as_IO  500_MC  prototypes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  collar_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  Lestar_NP  shirt_NN  were_VBDR  produced_VBN  ,_,  washed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  tested_VBN  for_IO  wear_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  near-perfect_JB  collar_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  resting_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$  laurels_NNS  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  Lestar_NP  shirt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  outstanding_JJ  success_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  modifications_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  when_CS necessary_JJ  to_TO  improve_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  right_RR  on_IO  top_NN  .  
  no_AT1  other_DA  manufacturer_NN  makes_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  shirts_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  \0CWS_NP  .  
  society_NN  shirts_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  to_TO  please_VV0  all_DB  types_NNS  of_IO  wearer_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  artisan_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  executive_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  all_DB  occasions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  either_RR  whether_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  giant_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  dwarf_NN  ,_,  your_APP$  co-operative_JJ  society_NN  can_VM  fit_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  \0CWS_NP  shirt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Broughton_NP  was_VBDZ  recently_RR  called_VBN  upon_IO  for_IO  a_AT1  shirt_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  22_MC  1/2_MC  \0in_NNU  collar_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  66_MC  \0in_NNU  chest_NN  measurement_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  latest_JJT  machines_NNS  and_CC  gadgets_NNS  for_IO  doing_VBG  the_AT1  job_NN  speedily_RR  and_CC  efficiently_RR  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  factories_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  ,_,  after_IO  seeing_VBG  them_PPHO1  at_IO  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  Broughton_NP  factory_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  more_RG  skilful_JJ  operatives_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  and_CC  men_NNS  who_PNQS make_VV0  the_AT1  popular_JJ  society_NN  shirts_NNS  under_IO  their_APP$  various_JJ  brand_NN  names_NNS  .  
  in_IO  making_VBG  two_MC  million_MC  garments_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  4,000_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  cloth_NN  are_VBR  used_VBN    70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  it_PPH1  from_IO  \0CWS_NP  mills_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  factories_NNS  require_VV0  146,000_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  sewing_NN  cotton_NN  ,_,  13_MC  million_MC  buttons_NNS  ,_,  12_MC  million_MC  pins_NNS  ,_,  1_MC1  1/2_MC  million_MC  transparent_JJ  bags_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  500,000_MC  boxes_NNS  .  
  not_XX  too_RG  old_JJ  at_IO  40_MC  .  
  old_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  younger_JJ  today_NN1  !_!  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  look_VV0  around_RP  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  moved_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  generation_NN  .  
  most_DA  middle-aged_JJ  folk_NNS  can_VM  well_RR  remember_VV0  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS their_APP$  mothers_NNS  and_CC  grandmothers_NNS  dressed_VVD  in_IO  sober_JJ  hues_NNS  ,_,  usually_RR  black_NN  .  
  life_NN  stopped_VVD  at_IO  50_MC  and_CC  old_JJ  age_NN  began_VVD  .  
  old_JJ  ladies_NNS  walked_VVD  with_IO  sticks_NNS  and_CC  often_RR  wore_VVD  veils_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  wore_VVD  anything_PN1  colourful_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  confined_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  white_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  collar_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  change_NN  since_IO  then_RL  !_!  
  grannies_NNS  dress_VV0  as_RG  brightly_RR  as_IO  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  jolly_RR  good_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  mothers_NNS  look_VV0  just_RR  as_RG  charming_JJ  as_IO  their_APP$  offspring_NN  and_CC  often_RR  nearly_RR  as_RG  young_JJ  .  
  statistics_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  show_VV0  that_CS  people_NNS  are_VBR  living_VBG  longer_RRR  .  
  a_AT1  brighter_JJ  outlook_NN  on_IO  life_NN  plus_IO  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  many_DA  far-reaching_JJ  advances_NNS  in_IO  medicine_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  partly_RR  responsible_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  older_JJ  people_NNS  keep_VV0  younger_JJ  so_RR  does_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  finding_VBG  suitable_JJ  occupations_NNS  for_IO  them_PPHO1  increase_VV0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  more_RG  frustrating_JJ  than_CS  to_TO  feel_VV0  unwanted_JJ  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  modern_JJ  world_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  full_JJ  employment_NN  and_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  its_APP$  clamour_NN  for_IO  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA  people_NNS  to_TO  fill_VV0  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  jobs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  older_JJ  person_NN  has_VHZ  much_DA  to_TO  offer_VV0  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  advertisement_NN  columns_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  sometimes_RR  admit_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  their_APP$  invitation_NN    age_NN  immaterial_JJ    there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  some_DD  quarters_NNS  a_AT1  reluctance_NN  to_TO  recognise_VV0  that_CS    too_RG  old_JJ  at_IO  forty_MC    is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  out-dated_JJ  tag_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  times_NNS  .  
  while_CS  people_NNS  are_VBR  fit_JJ  and_CC  well_JJ  the_AT1  world_NN  has_VHZ  much_DA  use_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS this_DD1  month's_NN1$  home_NN1  magazine_NN  includes_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  article_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  over_IO  forty-fives_MC2  association_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  officials_NNS  ,_,  regards_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  45_MC  as_IO    a_AT1  mere_JB  chicken_NN    and_CC  has_VHZ  found_VBN  work_NN  for_IO  people_NNS  as_RG  old_JJ  as_IO  80_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  excellent_JJ  pension_NN  arrangements_NNS  which_DDQ  many_DA  firms_NNS  offer_VV0  today_NN1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  frequently_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  allow_VV0  for_IO  employment_NN  of_IO  older_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  with_IO  everyone_PN1  now_RL  enjoying_VBG  a_AT1  state_NN  pension_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  reach_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  age_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  solution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  schemes_NNS  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  have_VH0  older_JJ  people_NNS  much_DA  to_TO  offer_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  find_VV0  many_DA  benefits_NNS  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  continuing_VBG  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  providing_CS  their_APP$  health_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  the_AT1  contact_NN  with_IO  younger_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  playing_VBG  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  interest_NN  their_APP$  work_NN  can_VM  hold_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1    all_DB  are_VBR  valuable_JJ  aids_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  and_CC  happy_JJ  life_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  engage_VV0  staff_NN  might_VM  well_RR  think_VV0  of_IO  these_DD2  factors_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  next_RR  fill_VV0  a_AT1  position_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  home_NN1  magazine_NN  offers_VBZ  you_PPY  this_DD1  month_NN  its_APP$  usual_JJ  rich_JJ  variety_NN  ,_,  including_IO  Mary_NP  Langham's_PPIO2  recipes_NNS  to_TO  keep_VV0  you_PPY  well_RR  ahead_RR  in_IO  your_APP$  Christmas_NP  preparations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  editor_NN  .  
  housewives'_NN2  club_NN  .  
  shop_NN  sleuth_NN  brings_VBZ  you_PPY  bargains_NNS  for_IO  your_APP$  Christmas_NP  shopping_NN  list_NN  .  
  all_DB  items_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  through_IO  your_APP$  local_JJ  co-operative_JJ  society_NN  .  
  for_IO  further_JB  details_NNS  write_VV0  to_IO  housewives'_NN2  club_NN  ,_,  home_NN1  magazine_NN  ,_,  1_MC1  Balloon_NP  \0St_NNL1  ,_,  Manchester_NP  4_MC  ,_,  enclosing_VBG  a_AT1  stamped_JJ  addressed_JJ  envelope_NN  .  
  ready-packed_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  Christmas_NP  stocking_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tool_NN  kit_NN  containing_VBG  a_AT1  6_MC  \0oz_NNU  hammer_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  plastic_NN  handled_VBN  screwdriver_NN  ,_,  trimming_NN  knife_NN  and_CC  three_MC  blades_NNS  ,_,  bradawl_NN  ,_,  card_NN  of_IO  fuse_NN  wire_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  packet_NN  each_DD1  of_IO  assorted_JJ  screws_NNS  and_CC  panel_NN  pins_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  impurity_NN  dependent_JJ  physical_JJ  or_CC  chemical_JJ  property_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  measured_VBN  decreases_VBZ  with_IO  decreasing_JJ  impurity_NN  concentration_NN  .  
  to_TO  get_VV0  over_IO  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  Alcock_NP  has_VHZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  instead_RR  of_IO  measuring_VBG  directly_RR  the_AT1  concentration_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flowing_JJ  sodium_NN  its_APP$  thermodynamic_JJ  potential_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  measured_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  galvanic_JJ  cell_NN  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  circuit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  advantages_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  continuous_JJ  monitoring_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  monitoring_VBG  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  sodium-oxygen_JB  system_NN  obeys_VBZ  Henry's_PPIO2  law_NN  ,_,  should_VM  increase_VV0  with_IO  decreasing_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impurity_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  theoretical_JJ  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  cell_NN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  solid_JJ  electrolytes_NNS  in_IO  galvanic_JJ  cells_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  described_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  by_IO  Kiukkola_NP  and_CC  Wagner_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  reversible_JJ  cell_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  two_MC  metal-metal_JB  oxide_NN  electrodes_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  solid_JJ  oxide_NN  electrolyte_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  current_NN  is_VBZ  transported_VBN  solely_RR  by_IO  0*:=**:_&FO  ions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  free_JJ  energy_NN  dg_&FO  accompanying_VBG  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  mole_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  :_:    2EF_&FO  where_CS E_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  voltage_NN  developed_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  and_CC  F_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Faraday_NP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  electrodes_NNS  are_VBR  sodium_NN  saturated_VBN  with_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  oxide_NN  and_CC  unsaturated_JJ  sodium_NN  the_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  energy_NN  accompanying_VBG  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  mole_NN  of_IO  0*:=**:_&FO  from_IO  the_AT1  saturated_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  unsaturated_JJ  metal_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  by_IO  :_:    **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  are_VBR  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  oxygen_NN  in_IO  saturated_JJ  sodium_NN  (_(  concentration_NN  c*;0**;_&FO  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  unsaturated_JJ  sodium_NN  (_(  concentration_NN  c_ZZ1  <_&FO  c*;0**;_&FO  )_)  ,_,  T_ZZ1  the_AT1  absolute_JJ  temperature_NN  and_CC  R_ZZ1  the_AT1  gas-constant_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  sodium_NN  is_VBZ  proportional_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  concentration_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  required_VBN  by_IO  Henry's_PPIO2  law_NN  then_RL  the_AT1  free_JJ  energy_NN  change_NN  per_IO  mole_NN  0*:=**:_&FO  ion_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  solubility_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  as_IO  \0Na*;2**;0_&FO  in_IO  sodium_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  determined_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  relationship_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  substitution_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  in_IO  equation_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  with_IO  appropriate_JJ  values_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  constants_NNS  gives_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  values_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  function_NN  between_IO  400_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  800_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  at_IO  100_MC  *@_NNU  intervals_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  oxygen_NN  concentrations_NNS  between_IO  0.1_MC  and_CC  100_MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  are_VBR  presented_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  maximum_JJ  sodium_NN  coolant_NN  temperatures_NNS  are_VBR  around_RR  500_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  and_CC  oxygen_NN  concentrations_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  maintained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  1-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  
  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  above_JB  this_DD1  cell_NN  under_IO  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  should_VM  give_VV0  voltages_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  224-147_MC-MC  \0mv_NNU  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  changes_NNS  of_IO  oxygen_NN  concentration_NN  and_CC  temperature_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  \0E.M.F_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0E.M.F_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  cell_NN  placed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  sodium_NN  circuit_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  affected_VBN  by_IO  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  oxygen_NN  content_NN  and_CC  temperature_NN  .  
  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  estimated_VBN  from_IO  equation_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  or_CC  the_AT1  following_JJ  derived_JJ  equations_NNS  :_:    **[formula**]_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  equation_NN  (_(  5_MC  )_)  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  any_DD  voltage_NN  fluctuation_NN  arising_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  small_JJ  concentration_NN  change_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  principally_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  concentration_NN  .  
  thus_RR  changes_NNS  from_IO  0.1_MC  to_IO  1_MC1  \0p.p.m_NNU  1-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  10-100_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  would_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  change_NN  in_IO  voltage_NN  (_(  *?1776_&FO  \0mv_NNU  )_)  .  
  for_IO  relevant_JJ  reactor_NN  conditions_NNS  (_(  500_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  \0C_NP  =_&FO  1-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  )_)  the_AT1  finite_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  voltage_NN  de_&FO  accompanying_VBG  finite_JJ  concentration_NN  changes_NNS  dc_&FO  is_VBZ  plotted_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  as_CS  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  vary_VV0  considerably_RR  .  
  a_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  concentration_NN  from_IO  1-2_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  is_VBZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  voltage_NN  drop_NN  of_IO  *?1723_&FO  \0mv_NNU  while_CS  ,_,  a_AT1  rise_NN  from_IO  9-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  would_VM  produce_VV0  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  only_RR  *?173_&FO  \0mv_NNU  .  
  changes_NNS  in_IO  voltage_NN  accompanying_VBG  fluctuations_NNS  of_IO  coolant_NN  temperature_NN  according_IO  to_II  equation_NN  (_(  6_MC  )_)  vary_VV0  only_RR  slightly_RR  with_IO  concentration_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  proportional_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  temperature_NN  change_NN  .  
  values_NNS  at_IO  various_JJ  oxygen_NN  concentrations_NNS  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  together_RR  with_IO  apparent_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  oxygen_NN  level_NN  for_IO  temperature_NN  fluctuations_NNS  of_IO  *?14_&FO  10_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  at_IO  500_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  are_VBR  presented_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  above_JB  figures_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  *?14_&FO  10_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  temperature_NN  fluctuation_NN  at_IO  oxygen_NN  levels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  1-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  would_VM  indicate_VV0  an_AT1  apparent_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  *?1712_&FO  %_NNU  in_IO  oxygen_NN  concentration_NN  .  
  providing_CS  a_AT1  cell_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  type_NN  works_VBZ  satisfactorily_RR  the_AT1  above_JB  arguments_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  sufficiently_RR  accurate_JJ  as_IO  an_AT1  oxygen_NN  monitor_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  trapped_JJ  sodium_NN  coolant_NN  circuit_NN  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  contamination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  circuit_NN  by_IO  oxygen_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  .  
  experiments_NNS  with_IO  solid_JJ  oxide_NN  electrolyte_NN  galvanic_JJ  cells_NNS  have_VH0  indicated_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  reproducible_JJ  voltages_NNS  using_VBG  normal_JJ  potentiometric_JJ  methods_NNS  at_IO  temperatures_NNS  below_IO  750_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  has_VHZ  obtained_VBN  reproducible_JJ  results_NNS  with_IO  such_DA  cells_NNS  at_IO  400_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  and_CC  above_II  by_IO  using_VBG  vibrating_JJ  reed_NN  voltmeters_NNS  that_PNQS draw_VV0  current_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  only_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  leakage_NN  through_IO  insulation_NN  resistance_NN  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  if_CS  voltmeters_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  were_VBDR  used_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0Na_&FO  /_CC  \0Na*;2**;0_&FO  cell_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  contamination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circuit_NN  sodium_NN  from_IO  oxygen_NN  continuously_RR  diffusing_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  electrolyte_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  practise_NN  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  voltage_NN  developed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  at_IO  500_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  around_RR  300_MC  \0mv_NNU  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  )_)  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  instrument_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  resistance_NN  the_AT1  current_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  :_:    3_MC  x_IO  10*:-14**:_&FO  coulombs_NNS  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  charge_NN  on_IO  0*:=**:_&FO  ion_NN  *?183.2_&FO  x_IO  10*:-19**:_&FO  coulombs_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  0*:=**:_&FO  ions_NNS  travelling_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  electrolyte_NN  per_IO  second_NN  *?1810*:5**:_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  per_IO  year_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  rate_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  approximately_RR  8_MC  x_IO  10*:-1**:_&FO  \0g_NNU  /_IO  year_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  quite_RR  insignificant_JJ  quantity_NN  .  
  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  corrosion_NN  meter_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  electrodes_NNS  consisting_VBG  of_IO  sodium_NN  with_IO  oxygen_NN  at_IO  different_JJ  activities_NNS  a_AT1  voltage_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  developed_VBN  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  potential_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  electrodes_NNS  .  
  unless_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  at_IO  what_DDQ  oxygen_NN  potential_NN  a_AT1  given_JJ  material_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  coolant_NN  circuit_NN  will_VM  start_VV0  to_TO  oxidise_VV0  the_AT1  cell_NN  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  above_II  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  oxygen_NN  concentration_NN  monitor_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  material_NN  oxidizes_VBZ  in_IO  sodium_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  oxygen_NN  potential_NN  the_AT1  reference_NN  electrode_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  at_IO  that_DD1  potential_NN  and_CC  oxidizing_JJ  or_CC  reducing_JJ  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  coolant_NN  circuit_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  material_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  indicated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  negative_JJ  or_CC  positive_JJ  potential_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  reference_NN  electrode_NN  .  
  thus_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  specific_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  niobium_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sodium_NN  circuit_NN  a_AT1  corrosion_NN  indicator_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  reference_NN  electrode_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  saturated_VBN  and_CC  equilibrated_VBN  with_IO  niobium_NN  separated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  coolant_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  anionic_JJ  electrolyte_NN  .  
  a_AT1  negative_JJ  voltage_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  reference_NN  electrode_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0  oxidizing_JJ  conditions_NNS  for_IO  niobium_NN  and_CC  positive_JJ  voltage_NN  ,_,  non-oxidizing_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  3_MC  .  
  practical_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  practical_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  idea_NN  will_VM  involve_VV0  considerable_JJ  experimentation_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  requirement_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  an_AT1  anionic_JJ  electrolyte_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  fabricated_VBN  into_IO  suitable_JJ  shapes_NNS  impervious_JJ  to_IO  gases_NNS  and_CC  liquid_JJ  sodium_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  neither_LE  corroded_VBN  by_IO  sodium_NN  nor_CC  by_IO  sodium_NN  monoxide_NN  .  
  possible_JJ  materials_NNS  are_VBR  zirconia_NN  stabilised_VBN  with_IO  lime_NN  and_CC  thoria_NN  doped_VBN  with_IO  rare_JJ  earth_NN  oxides_NNS  .  
  if_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  material_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  with_IO  these_DD2  properties_NNS  a_AT1  possible_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  cell_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  sodium_NN  circuit_NN  is_VBZ  depicted_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  electrolyte_NN  A_ZZ1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  walled_JJ  closed_JJ  off_RP  round_JJ  end_NN  tube_NN  or_CC  probe_NN  fitting_VBG  vertically_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  coolant_NN  circuit_NN  B_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  \0+ve_JJ  electrode_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  saturated_VBN  with_IO  sodium_NN  monoxide_NN  C_ZZ1  is_VBZ  situated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tube_NN  .  
  the_AT1  potential_NN  acquired_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  pool_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  is_VBZ  transmitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  voltmeter_NN  V_ZZ1  by_IO  a_AT1  nickel_NN  conductor_NN  D_ZZ1  ,_,  nickel_NN  being_VBG  resistant_JJ  to_IO  corrosive_JJ  attack_NN  by_IO  oxide_NN  saturated_VBN  sodium_NN  at_IO  500_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0-ve_JJ  electrode_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  coolant_NN  stream_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  joined_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  voltmeter_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  earthed_JJ  nickel_NN  conductor_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  well_NN  E_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  coolant_NN  stream_NN  .  
  provided_CS  the_AT1  temperatures_NNS  at_IO  C_ZZ1  and_CC  E_ZZ1  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  thermoelectric_JJ  contributions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  voltage_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  zero_MC  .  
  the_AT1  probe_NN  extends_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  stream_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  close_RR  fitting_JJ  thin_JJ  walled_JJ  T-junction_NN  F_ZZ1  and_CC  passes_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  via_IO  a_AT1  water-cooled_JJ  O_ZZ1  ring_NN  seal_NN  G_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  open_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  probe_NN  is_VBZ  sealed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  vacuum_NN  coupling_NN  H_ZZ1  which_DDQ  also_RR  positions_VBZ  the_AT1  \0+ve_JJ  nickel_NN  conductor_NN  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sodium_NN  by_IO  circlips_NNS  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seal_NN  I_ZZ1  .  
  evaporation_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pool_NN  C_ZZ1  is_VBZ  minimised_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  close_RR  fitting_JJ  cylindrical_JJ  block_NN  of_IO  electrolyte_NN  J_ZZ1  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0+ve_JJ  nickel_NN  conductor_NN  by_IO  nickel_NN  circlips_NNS  .  
  fixing_NN  and_CC  positioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  probe_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  coolant_NN  stream_NN  is_VBZ  effected_VBN  by_IO  tie-bars_NNS  of_IO  insulating_JJ  material_NN  K_ZZ1  joining_VBG  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  coupling_NN  H_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  cooled_VBN  flange_NN  G_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  probe_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  evacuated_VBN  and_CC  filled_VBN  with_IO  inert_JJ  gas_NN  via_IO  the_AT1  tube_NN  L_ZZ1  which_DDQ  must_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  electrically_RR  isolated_VBN  after_CS  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  4_MC  .  
  discussion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  suggested_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  proposal_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  successful_JJ  but_CCB  rather_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  a_AT1  trial_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inadequacy_NN  of_IO  some_DD  simpler_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  monitoring_VBG  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sodium_NN  circuit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  difficulty_NN  encountered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  ,_,  in_IO  determining_VBG  partial_JJ  molal_JJ  free_JJ  energies_NNS  by_IO  solid_JJ  electrolyte_NN  cells_NNS  of_IO  very_RG  stable_JJ  oxides_NNS  such_IO  as_II  \0UO*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  \0MnO_&FO  \0etc_RR  was_VBDZ  vapour_NN  phase_NN  transfer_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  by_IO  carbonaceous_JJ  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  blanket_NN  gas_NN  .  
  this_DD1  resulted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  oxidation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0-ve_JJ  electrode_NN  and_CC  reduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0+ve_JJ  electrode_NN  which_DDQ  of_RR  course_RR  led_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  in_IO  \0E.M.F_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  design_NN  the_AT1  two_MC  electrodes_NNS  are_VBR  completely_RR  separated_VBN  from_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  so_CS  that_CS  this_DD1  major_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  present_JJ  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  adversely_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  gradient_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  probe_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  tested_VBN  by_IO  experiment_NN  .  
  whether_CS  such_DA  an_AT1  apparatus_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  reactor_NN  circuit_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  satisfy_VV0  safety_NN  requirements_NNS  will_VM  need_VV0  further_JB  study_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS the_AT1  cell_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  double-contained_JJ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  loss_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ceramic_JJ  tube_NN  being_VBG  fractured_VBN  .  
  such_DA  containment_NN  however_RR  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  complicated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  providing_VBG  suitable_JJ  insulating_JJ  seals_NNS  through_IO  its_APP$  walls_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  
  conclusions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  other_DA  monitoring_JJ  methods_NNS  for_IO  oxygen_NN  in_IO  sodium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  concentration_NN  range_NN  1-10_MC-MC  \0p.p.m_NNU  are_VBR  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  inadequate_JJ  then_RL  this_DD1  galvanic_JJ  cell_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  worth_IO  investigating_VBG  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  require_VV0  development_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  electrolyte_NN  and_CC  even_RR  then_RL  it_PPH1  will_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  useful_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dissolved_JJ  oxygen_NN  varies_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  with_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  its_APP$  concentration_NN  .  
  a_ZZ1  .  
  outline_NN  of_IO  method_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  measured_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  ,_,  niobium_NN  and_CC  zirconium_NN  carriers_NNS  are_VBR  added_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  hydrofluoric_JJ  acid_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  complete_JJ  isotopic_JJ  interchange_NN  .  
  rare_JJ  earth_NN  elements_NNS  are_VBR  co-precipitated_VBN  with_IO  lanthanum_NN  as_IO  fluorides_NNS  .  
  niobium_NN  is_VBZ  precipitated_VBN  with_IO  ammonia_NN  ,_,  partially_RR  separating_VBG  it_PPH1  from_IO  zirconium_NN  .  
  the_AT1  niobium_NN  precipitate_NN  is_VBZ  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  oxalic_JJ  and_CC  nitric_JJ  acids_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  niobic_JJ  acid_NN  precipitated_VBN  by_IO  boiling_NN  and_CC  adding_VBG  potassium_NN  bromate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  niobic_JJ  acid_NN  is_VBZ  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  acid_JJ  ammonium_NN  fluoride_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cycle_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ammonia_NN  precipitation_NN  repeated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  niobic_JJ  acid_NN  is_VBZ  washed_VBN  ,_,  ignited_VBN  to_IO  niobium_NN  pentoxide_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  mounted_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  tared_JJ  counting_NN  tray_NN  and_CC  weighed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  g-activity_NN  is_VBZ  measured_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  lead_NN  /_CC  aluminium_NN  sandwich_NN  using_VBG  standard_JJ  gamma_NN  scintillation_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  calibrated_VBN  with_IO  known_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  niobium-95_NN  .  
  b_ZZ1  .  
  reagents_NNS  required_VBN  .  
  all_DB  reagents_NNS  are_VBR  analytical_JJ  reagent_JJ  quality_NN  where_CS available_JJ  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  standard_JJ  niobium_NN  carrier_NN  solution_NN  (_(  **[formula**]_&FO  )_)  .  
  fuse_VV0  20_MC  \0g_NNU  of_IO  pure_JJ  niobium_NN  pentoxide_NN  with_IO  72_MC  \0g_NNU  of_IO  potassium_NN  carbonate_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  platinum_NN  dish_NN  .  
  cool_VV0  and_CC  dissolve_VV0  the_AT1  solidified_JJ  melt_NN  in_IO  about_RR  400_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  .  
  transfer_VV0  the_AT1  solution_NN  and_CC  any_DD  undissolved_JJ  solid_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  beaker_NN  ,_,  stir_VV0  thoroughly_RR  and_CC  add_VV0  16_MC  \0M_NNU  nitric_JJ  acid_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  solution_NN  is_VBZ  strongly_RR  acid_JJ  to_IO  litmus_NN  .  
  stand_VV0  the_AT1  beaker_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  plate_NN  and_CC  keep_VV0  the_AT1  solution_NN  warm_JJ  for_IO  30_MC  minutes_NNS  to_TO  coagulate_VV0  the_AT1  precipitate_NN  .  
  transfer_VV0  to_IO  four_MC  200_MC  \0ml_NNU  polythene_NN  bottles_NNS  ,_,  centrifuge_VV0  ,_,  decant_VV0  and_CC  discard_VV0  each_DD1  supernate_NN  .  
  wash_VV0  each_DD1  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  precipitate_NN  three_MC  times_NNS  by_IO  stirring_VBG  with_IO  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  2_MC  %_NNU  ammonium_NN  nitrate_NN  .  
  use_VV0  a_AT1  glass_NN  rod_NN  for_IO  stirring_NN  .  
  centrifuge_VV0  and_CC  discard_VV0  the_AT1  supernates_NNS  after_IO  each_DD1  wash_NN  .  
  dissolve_VV0  each_DD1  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  precipitate_NN  in_IO  25_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  30_MC  %_NNU  ammonium_NN  fluoride_NN  and_CC  15_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  16_MC  \0M_NNU  nitric_JJ  acid_NN  .  
  combine_VV0  the_AT1  solutions_NNS  from_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  200_MC  \0ml_NNU  polythene_NN  bottles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  dilute_VV0  to_IO  2_MC  litres_NNS  with_IO  distilled_JJ  water_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  polythene_NN  bottle_NN  .  
  standardize_VV0  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:    
  pipette_VV0  10_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  400_MC  \0ml_NNU  polythene_NN  beaker_NN  and_CC  add_VV0  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  a_AT1  saturated_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  ammonium_NN  chloride_NN  .  
  heat_VV0  the_AT1  solution_NN  nearly_RR  to_IO  boiling_NN  ,_,  by_IO  placing_VBG  the_AT1  polythene_NN  beaker_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  beaker_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  heated_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  plate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  1_MC1  \0g_NNU  of_IO  tannic_JJ  acid_NN  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  library_NN  and_CC  catalogues_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Bodleian_NP  destroys_VBZ  the_AT1  incentive_NN  to_TO  study_VV0  and_CC  add_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  readily_RR  accessible_JJ  reference_NN  works_NNS  .  
  divorced_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  specimens_NNS  the_AT1  catalogues_NNS  become_VV0  neglected_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ultimately_RR  the_AT1  specimens_NNS  are_VBR  thrown_VBN  away_RP  because_CS  the_AT1  catalogues_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  to_IO  hand_NN  .  
  so_RR  are_VBR  lost_VBN  all_DB  \0Dr_NNSB1  Plot's_PPIO2  figured_JJ  specimens_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  Edward_NP  Lhwyd_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  assistant_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  seventeenth-century_JB  palaeontologist's_NN1$  reference_NN  library_NN  .  
  Plot_NP  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  Biblical_JJ  quotations_NNS  and_CC  philosophical_JJ  transaction_NN  references_NNS  ,_,  alludes_VBZ  to_IO  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  fifty-two_MC  works_NNS  .  
  amongst_IO  these_DD2  the_AT1  elder_JJ  Pliny's_PPIO2  writings_NNS  are_VBR  prominent_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  classification_NN  of_IO  fossils_NNS  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  Gesner_NP  erected_VBN  111_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  four_MC  main_JB  groups_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  classification_NN  are_VBR  stones_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  heavenly_JJ  bodies_NNS  ;_;  those_DD2  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  inferior_JJ  heavens_NNS  ;_;  those_DD2  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  ;_;  and_CC  those_DD2  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  watery_JJ  kingdoms_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  gather_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  rest_VV0  on_IO  any_DD  sound_JJ  scientific_JJ  footing_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Plot_NP  himself_PPX1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  tremendous_JJ  regard_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  better_JJ  than_CS  classifying_VBG  the_AT1  things_NNS  alphabetically_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  beg_VV0  leave_NN  to_TO  doubt_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  comes_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  the_AT1  learned_JJ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  Lister_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  opinion_NN  on_IO  fossils_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  emanating_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  foremost_JJ  conchologist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  .  
  Lister_NP  has_VHZ  figured_VBN  recent_JJ  and_CC  fossil_NN  shells_NNS  ,_,  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  ,_,  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  might_VM  be_VB0  imagined_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  show_VV0  their_APP$  essential_JJ  similarity_NN  but_CCB  as_IO  an_AT1  illustration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plagiarism_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  .  
  Lister's_PPIO2  theory_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  christened_VBN  (_(  acknowledging_VBG  our_APP$  indebtedness_NN  to_IO  Siegfried_NP  Sassoon_NP  )_)  the_AT1  pseudomorphic_JJ  hieroglyphic_JJ  hypothesis_NN  ,_,  since_CS  whilst_CS  denying_VBG  the_AT1  former_DA  vitality_NN  of_IO  fossils_NNS  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  self-generated_JJ  shell-like_JJ  stones_NNS  might_VM  characterize_VV0  different_JJ  rocks_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  lapse_NN  in_IO  regarding_VBG  fossils_NNS  as_IO  sports_NNS  of_IO  nature_NN  is_VBZ  here_RL  offset_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  penetration_NN  as_IO  to_II  their_APP$  possible_JJ  use_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  tool_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  true_JJ  nature_NN  was_VBDZ  unknown_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  ,_,  empirically_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  found_VBN  to_TO  serve_VV0  a_AT1  useful_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  credit_VV0  Lister_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  formulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  stratigraphy_NN  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  claimed_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  bestow_VV0  credit_NN  falsely_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  Lister_NP  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  merely_RR  the_AT1  characterizing_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  rocks_NNS  by_IO  distinctive_JJ  fossils_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  recognizing_VBG  the_AT1  facies_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  and_CC  Lister's_PPIO2    ingenious_JJ  proposal_NN    ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  entitled_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  map_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  surface_NN  distribution_NN  of_IO  strata_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  proposal_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  mineral_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  true_JJ  geological_JJ  map_NN  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  map_NN  would_VM  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  colour_VV0  all_DB  limestone_NN  outcrops_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  shade_NN  .  
  although_CS  of_IO  value_NN  in_IO  mining_NN  and_CC  quarrying_NN  operations_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  academically_RR  barren_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  make_VV0  no_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  working_VBG  out_RP  earth-history_NN  .  
  the_AT1  primary_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  strata_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hierarchy_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  classification_NN  is_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  age_NN  not_XX  lithology_NN  .  
  to_TO  elevate_VV0  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  barren_JJ  classification_NN  .  
  Edward_NP  Lhwyd_NP  ,_,  assistant_NN  and_CC  later_JJ  successor_NN  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Plot_NP  as_IO  curator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Ashmolean_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  more_RG  intimate_JJ  acquaintance_NN  with_IO  fossils_NNS  than_IO  any_DD  man_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  possibly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  this_DD1  study_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  scholarly_JJ  researches_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  Gaelic_JJ  languages_NNS  ,_,  formed_VVD  his_APP$  life's_NN1$  work_NN  .  
  whenever_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  afford_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  travelled_VVD  widely_RR  to_TO  collect_VV0  fossils_NNS  and_CC  examine_VV0  Welsh_JJ  ,_,  Irish_JJ  ,_,  Cornish_JJ  and_CC  Breton_JJ  manuscripts_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  illustrated_JJ  textbook_NN  on_IO  fossils_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  familiarity_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  their_APP$  resemblance_NN  to_IO  living_JJ  things_NNS  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  mere_JB  coincidence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  inference_NN  that_CS  fossiliferous_JJ  beds_NNS  were_VBDR  elevated_JJ  sea-floors_NNS  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  adopted_VVD  the_AT1    stray_JJ  seed_NN    hypothesis_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  spirit_NN  of_IO  candour_NN  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  John_NP  Ray_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  so_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  hypothesis_NN  ,_,  as_CS  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  sensible_JJ  myself_PPX1  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  lies_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  objections_NNS    .  
  still_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  compromise_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  .  
  a_AT1  poor_JJ  museum_NN  curator_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  salary_NN  of_IO  *+40_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  plus_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  from_IO  selling_VBG  fossils_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  great_JJ  demand_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  tilt_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  thirty-nine_MC  articles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  rejecting_VBG  the_AT1  flood_NN  hypothesis_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  demurs_VBZ  first_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  accord_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sacred_JJ  scriptures_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  secondly_RR  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  accord_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  note_VV0  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  objections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  doubts_NNS  entertained_VBN  by_IO  Leonardo_NP  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  flood_NN  theory_NN  were_VBDR  explained_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  John_NP  Woodward_NP  .  
  in_IO  1695_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  published_VVD  a_AT1  much-admired_JB  essay_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  to_TO  repair_VV0  imagined_JJ  omissions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Mosaic_JJ  narrative_NN  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  Noah's_PPIO2  flood_NN  in_RR  particular_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  essay_NN  ,_,  Woodward_NP  promises_VBZ  to_TO    give_VV0  myself_PPX1  up_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  guided_VBN  wholly_RR  by_IO  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ;_;  intending_VBG  to_TO  steer_VV0  that_DD1  course_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  thus_RR  agreed_VBN  of_IO  all_DB  hands_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  best_JJT  and_CC  surest_JJT  :_:  and_CC  not_XX  to_TO  offer_VV0  anything_PN1  but_IO  what_DDQ  hath_VHZ  due_JJ  warrant_NN  from_IO  observations_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  those_DD2  both_DB2  carefully_RR  made_VBN  and_CC  faithfully_RR  related_VBN    .  
  never_RR  can_VM  a_AT1  promise_NN  made_VBN  so_RG  fervently_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  lamentably_RR  forgotten_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  pages_NNS  .  
  Woodward_NP  imagined_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  flood_NN  had_VHD  transformed_VBN  the_AT1  globe_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  porridge-like_JJ  mass_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  strata_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  organic_JJ  remains_NNS  had_VHD  subsided_VBN  to_TO  stratify_VV0  in_IO  layers_NNS  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  specific_JJ  gravity_NN  .  
  fantastic_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  more_RG  so_PN1  when_CS we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  diluvialists_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  abroad_RR  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  deluge_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  say_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  its_APP$  world-wide_JJ  occurrence_NN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  physical_JJ  difficulties_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  local_JJ  ,_,  inundation_NN  can_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  explained_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  where_CS did_VDD  the_AT1  water_NN  issue_VV0  from_IO  and_CC  to_IO  where_CS did_VDD  it_PPH1  retreat_VV0  to_IO  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  surface_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  Woodward's_PPIO2  approach_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  .  
    for_IO  my_APP$  part_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    my_APP$  subject_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  oblige_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  this_DD1  water_NN  ;_;  or_CC  to_TO  point_VV0  forth_RP  the_AT1  place_NN  whereunto_CS 't_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  retreated_VBN  .  
  for_CS  when_CS ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  sea-shells_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  deluge_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  you_PPY  undeniable_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  actually_RR  cover_VV0  all_DB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  must_VM  needs_RR  follow_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  then_RL  water_NN  enough_DD  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  now_RL  hid_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  still_RR  in_IO  being_VBG  or_CC  not_XX  .    
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  tempted_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,    when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  insurmountable_JJ  obstacle_NN  look_VV0  it_PPH1  squarely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  pass_VV0  on_RP    ,_,  were_VBDR  it_PPH1  not_XX  that_CS  the_AT1  argument_NN  is_VBZ  sound_JJ  ,_,  granted_VBN  the_AT1  premises_NNS  .  
  as_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  marvellous_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  untrammelled_JJ  speculation_NN  emanating_VBG  from_IO    fossil_NN  stones_NNS    could_VM  not_XX  fail_VV0  to_TO  attract_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  delightful_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Aubrey_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  turn_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  natural_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  Wiltshire_NP  confidently_RR  expecting_VBG  some_DD  delicious_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  truth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  notion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  geological_JJ  environment_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  primary_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  determining_VBG  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  ;_;  not_XX  only_RR  topographically_RR  but_CCB  historically_RR  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  history_NN  is_VBZ  channelled_VBN  by_IO  economics_NN  ,_,  then_RL  surely_RR  natural_JJ  resources_NNS  lie_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  country's_NN1$  development_NN  .  
  and_CC  as_CS  men_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  products_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  times_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  character_NN  contains_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  an_AT1  element_NN  imposed_VBN  upon_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  the_AT1  inanimate_JJ  environment_NN  .  
  Aubrey_NP  recognizes_VBZ  this_DD1  on_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  fine_JJ  scale_NN  indeed_RGA  .  
  I_PPIS1  quote_VV0  :_:    according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  several_DA  sorts_NNS  of_IO  earth_NN  in_IO  England_NP  (_(  and_CC  so_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  world_NN  over_RP  )_)  the_AT1  indigenae_NNS  are_VBR  respectively_RR  witty_JJ  or_CC  dull_JJ  ,_,  good_JJ  or_CC  bad_JJ  .  
  in_IO  north_NN1  Wiltshire_NP  .  a_AT1  dirty_JJ  clayey_JJ  country_NN  the_AT1  indigenae_NNS  speake_VV0  drawling_VBG  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  phlegmatique_JJ  ,_,  skins_NNS  pale_JJ  and_CC  livid_JJ  ,_,  slow_JJ  and_CC  dull_JJ  ,_,  heavy_JJ  of_IO  spirit_NN  .  melancholy_JJ  ,_,  contemplative_JJ  and_CC  malicious_JJ  ;_;  by_IO  consequence_NN  whereof_CS come_VV0  more_DA  law_NN  suites_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  north_NN1  \0Wilts_NP  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  double_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  parts_NNS    which_DDQ  ,_,  bye_RR  the_RR  bye_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  composed_VBN  of_IO  chalk_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  Aubrey's_PPIO2  notions_NNS  on_IO  fossils_NNS  we_PPIS2  simply_RR  record_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  much_RR  plagued_VBN  with_IO  notions_NNS  about_IO  earthquakes_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  possible_JJ  consequences_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  earth's_NN1$  rotation_NN  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  recognized_VVD  that_CS  fossils_NNS  give_VV0    clear_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  hath_VHZ  been_VBN  all_RR  covered_VBN  over_RP  by_IO  water_NN    and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1    often-times_RR  wishes_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  mappe_NN  of_IO  England_NP  coloured_VBN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  colours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earths_NNS  with_IO  marks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fossiles_NNS  and_CC  minerals_NNS    ,_,  we_PPIS2  conclude_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  his_APP$  philosophical_JJ  transactions_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  Hooke_NP  and_CC  Lister_NP  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  ingenuity_NN  provoked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  chance_JJ  stimulus_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  Whiston_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  comets_NNS  were_VBDR    in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN    ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  .  
  the_AT1  comet_NN  which_DDQ  led_VVD  Newton_NP  to_TO  predict_VV0  their_APP$  parabolic_JJ  orbits_NNS  was_VBDZ  visible_JJ  between_IO  December_NN1  1680_MC  and_CC  March_NN1  1681_MC  .  
  Halley's_PPIO2  even_RR  more_RG  famous_JJ  comet_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  less_RG  eccentric_JJ  elliptical_JJ  orbit_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  75_MC  to_IO  76_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  visible_JJ  in_IO  1682_MC  .  
  Whiston_NP  conjectures_VBZ  that_CS  Newton's_PPIO2  comet_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  that_DD1  recorded_VBN  in_IO  44_MC  \0B.C_RR  ,_,  \0A.D_RR  531_MC  and_CC  \0A.D_RR  1106_MC  which_DDQ  suggested_VVD  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  575_MC  years_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  notes_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  of_IO  two_MC  postulated_JJ  dates_NNS  for_IO  Noah's_PPIO2  flood_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  2349_MC  \0B.C_RR  and_CC  2926_MC  \0B.C_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  discrepancy_NN  of_IO  577_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  near_II  enough_RGA  to_IO  the_AT1  assumed_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  Newton's_PPIO2  comet_NN  ;_;  so_CS  that_CS  what_DDQ  ever_WDT"  date_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  flood_NN  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  interval_NN  between_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  1681_MC  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  integral_JJ  multiple_NN  (_(  7_MC  or_CC  8_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  postulated_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  revolution_NN  of_IO  Newton's_PPIO2  comet_NN  .  
  note_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  this_DD1  period_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  calculated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  observed_JJ  visible_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  comet's_NN1$  orbit_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  inferred_VBN  from_IO  certain_JJ  coincidental_JJ  dates_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  having_VHG  convinced_VBN  himself_PPX1  that_CS  a_AT1  comet_NN  stood_VVD  above_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deluge_NN  he_PPHO1  invoked_VVD  one_MC1  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  earth_NN  passed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  watery_JJ  vapours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  comet's_NN1$  tail_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1    floodgates_NNS  of_IO  heaven_NN    were_VBDR  opened_VBN  whilst_CS  its_APP$  gravitational_JJ  attraction_NN  fractured_VVD  the_AT1  earth's_NN1$  crust_NN  whence_CS emerged_VVD  the_AT1    waters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  deep_NN    .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  Whiston's_PPIO2  theory_NN  is_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  Woodward_NP  with_IO  wholesale_JB  extinction_NN  of_IO  life_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  stratification_NN  according_IO  to_II  specific_JJ  gravity_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  porridgey_JJ  mass_NN  which_DDQ  ultimately_RR  hardened_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  stratified_JJ  crust_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  theory_NN  is_VBZ  ludicrous_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  rules_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  are_VBR  first_RR  to_TO  invoke_VV0  only_RR  recorded_JJ  catastrophes_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  secondly_RR  ,_,  to_TO  pay_VV0  due_JJ  regard_NN  to_IO  contemporary_JJ  scientific_JJ  fashions_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  Whiston's_PPIO2  attempt_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  gem_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  kind_NN  .  
  Molyneux's_PPIO2  suggestion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  extinction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  elk_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  plague_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  similar_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  opportunism_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  explanation_NN  involved_VBN  in_IO  explaining_VBG  wet_JJ  summers_NNS  by_IO  atom-bomb_NN  explosions_NNS  .  
  amidst_IO  this_DD1  welter_NN  of_IO  conflicting_JJ  opinion_NN  the_AT1  truth_NN  was_VBDZ  there_RL  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  disseminated_VBN  .  
  Robert_NP  Hooke_NP  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Nicholas_NP  Steno_NP  in_IO  Italy_NP  had_VHD  published_VBN  opinions_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  been_VBN  combined_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  opened_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  subject_NN  150_MC  years_NNS  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  destined_VBN  to_TO  flower_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  were_VBDR  writing_VBG  in_IO  advance_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  times_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  consequently_RR  ignored_VBN  .  
  thus_RR  Hooke_NP  in_IO  1688_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  discourse_NN  on_IO  earthquakes_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  knew_VVD  fossils_NNS  for_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  but_CCB  said_VVD  that_CS    it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  raise_VV0  a_AT1  chronology_NN  out_RP  of_IO  them_PPHO1    .  
  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  fossil_NN  turtles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  clay_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Sheppey_NP  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  conclude_VV0  that_CS  England_NP  had_VHD  formerly_RR  enjoyed_VBN  a_AT1  warmer_JJ  climate_NN  than_IO  today_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  suggestion_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  investigation_NN  into_IO  palaeoclimatology_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  subject_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  completely_RR  established_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  although_CS  inferences_NNS  made_VBN  from_IO  fossil_NN  faunas_NNS  lie_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  development_NN  .  
  nineteen_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  Hooke's_PPIO2  discourse_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  stratification_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  announced_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  indifferent_JJ  scientific_JJ  world_NN  by_IO  Steno_NP  .  
  as_IO  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  of_IO  crystallography_NN  ,_,  Steno_NP  would_VM  hardly_RR  confuse_VV0  crystals_NNS  with_IO  true_JJ  fossils_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  that_CS  their_APP$  chronological_JJ  possibilities_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  added_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  insight_NN  into_IO  stratification_NN  .  
  but_CCB  both_DB2  Hooke_NP  and_CC  Steno_NP  threw_VVD  out_RP  their_APP$  geological_JJ  ideas_NNS  incidentally_RR  to_IO  their_APP$  main_JB  pursuits_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  their_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  geology_NN  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  main_JB  interest_NN  were_VBDR  unable_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  their_APP$  foresight_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  record_NN  of_IO  fossils_NNS  at_IO  either_LE  a_AT1  particular_JJ  height_NN  above_IO  sea-level_NN  or_CC  depth_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  in_IO  mines_NNS  and_CC  quarries_NNS  shows_VBZ  their_APP$  ignorance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  stratification_NN  .  
  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  horizontally_RR  bedded_VBN  rocks_NNS  these_DD2  data_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  significance_NN  chronologically_RR  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Smithson_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  evidence_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  stones_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  orientation_NN  will_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  and_CC  often_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  learned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  stone_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  plea_NN  here_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  \0Dr_NNSB1  Smithson_NP  make_VV0  so_RG  often_RR  .  
  a_AT1  stone_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  examined_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  deserves_VBZ  it_PPH1  only_RR  after_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  scrubbed_VBN  clean_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  macro-examination_NN  efforts_NNS  might_VM  profitably_RR  be_VB0  extended_VBN  to_IO  microscopic_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  section_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  stones_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  soil_NN  profile_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  repeat_VV0  my_APP$  own_DA  rather_RR  stale_JJ  and_CC  weary_JJ  warning_NN  .  
  stones_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  soil_NN  profile_NN  are_VBR  those_DD2  things_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  failed_VBN  to_TO  weather_VV0  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  soil_NN  .  
  do_VD0  not_XX  ignore_VV0  them_PPHO1  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  pay_VV0  them_PPHO1  less_DA  attention_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  fine_JJ  fractions_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   suppose_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  full_JJ  assessment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  parent_NN  material_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  still_RR  left_VBN  with_IO  many_DA  other_DA  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  ultimately_RR  influence_VV0  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  profile_NN  formation_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  topography_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  which_DDQ  influences_VBZ  drainage_NN  ,_,  surface_NN  run-off_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  erosion_NN  ,_,  (_(  think_VV0  of_IO  this_DD1  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  debris_NN  left_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  retreat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ice_NN  sheet_NN  )_)  ,_,  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  climate_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  developing_JJ  profile_NN    a_AT1  composite_NN  of_IO  temperature_NN  ,_,  rainfall_NN  ,_,  evaporation_NN  and_CC  transpiration_NN  and_CC  drainage_NN  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  indirectly_RR  influence_VV0  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  vegetation_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  in_IO  turn_NN  check_VV0  the_AT1  processes_NNS  of_IO  decay_NN  and_CC  leaching_NN  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  others_DA2  hasten_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  sets_NNS  of_IO  slides_NNS  were_VBDR  then_RL  shown_VBN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  :_:    
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  altitude_NN  .  
  parent_NN  material_NN  :_:  Silurian_JJ  shale_NN  drift_NN  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  at_IO  1,200_MC  above_IO  sea_NN  level_NN  producing_VBG  peat_NN  ,_,  peaty_JJ  gley_NN  and_CC  gley_NN  podzolic_JJ  and_CC  slightly_RR  podzolic_JJ  profiles_NNS  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  at_IO  250_MC  above_IO  sea_NN  level_NN  .  
  brown_JJ  forest_NN  soil_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  rainfall_NN  .  
  common_JJ  parent_NN  material_NN  sandy_JJ  textured_JJ  drift_NN  of_IO  mainly_RR  carboniferous_JJ  limestone_NN  .  
  \0Co_NNL1  Roscommon_NP  ,_,  Ireland_NP  .  
  45_MC  -50_MC  mean_JJ  annual_JJ  rainfall_NN  *?23_&FO  podzol_NN  .  
  \0Co_NNL1  Meath_NP  30_MC  mean_JJ  annual_JJ  rainfall_NN  ,_,  high_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  ,_,  brown_JJ  forest_NN  soil_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  vegetation_NN  .  
  site_NN  Knightwood_NP  inclosure_NN  ,_,  New_NP  Forest_NNL1  ,_,  Hampshire_NP  .  
  parent_NN  material_NN  Barton_NP  sand_NN  .  
  planted_VBN  1860_MC  oak_NN  *?23_&FO  low_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  ,_,  brown_JJ  forest_NN  soil_NN  .  
  Scots_JJ  pine_NN  *?23_&FO  deep_JJ  humus_NN  podzol_NN  .  
  soil_NN  development_NN  on_IO  drift_NN  deposits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  borderland_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0D_NP  MacKney_NP  .  
  since_CS  little_DA  pedological_JJ  investigation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  directed_VBN  to_IO  drift_NN  deposits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Welsh_JJ  borderland_NN  ,_,  outside_IO  certain_JJ  areas_NNS  in_IO  Shropshire_NP  and_CC  Cheshire_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  discussion_NN  of_IO  soil_NN  development_NN  is_VBZ  centred_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Cheshire-Shropshire_NP  plain_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  this_DD1  plain_NN  is_VBZ  below_IO  300_MC  \0ft_NNU  ,_,  abutting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  against_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  uplands_NNS  of_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  fringing_VBG  the_AT1  pre-Cambrian_JJ  and_CC  Palaeozoic_JJ  rocks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  Shropshire_NP  uplands_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  gently_RR  undulating_JJ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  flat_JJ  surface_NN  masks_VBZ  an_AT1  extremely_RR  complex_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  glacial_JJ  deposits_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  often_RR  very_RG  thick_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  isolated_JJ  ridges_NNS  of_IO  Trias_NP  sandstone_NN  obtrude_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  glacial_JJ  events_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  led_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  midland_NN  plain_NN  are_VBR  controversial_JJ  in_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  some_DD  conclusions_NNS  are_VBR  universally_RR  accepted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  deposits_NNS  which_DDQ  form_VV0  the_AT1  plain_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Palaeozoic_JJ  rocks_NNS  of_IO  Wales_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  Triassic_JJ  rocks_NNS  .  
  however_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  layers_NNS  of_IO  drift_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  affected_VBN  by_IO  sorting_NN  and_CC  grading_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  presumed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  place_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ice_NN  front_NN  ,_,  when_CS melting_NN  released_VVD  vast_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  glacial_JJ  sands_NNS  and_CC  gravels_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  glacial_JJ  clays_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  sometimes_RR  laminated_JJ  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  isolated_JJ  basin_NN  sites_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  remnants_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  glacial_JJ  lakes_NNS  where_CS water_NN  was_VBDZ  trapped_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  haphazard_JJ  deposition_NN  of_IO  glacial_JJ  debris_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  have_VH0  since_II  been_VBN  filled_VBN  by_IO  peat_NN  which_DDQ  presumably_RR  developed_VVD  in_IO  Atlantic_NP  and_CC  Sub-Atlantic_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  brown_JJ  earths_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  the_AT1  brown_JJ  earth_NN  group_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  divided_VBN  into_IO  high_JJ  and_CC  low_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  soils_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  sub-division_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  arbitrarily_RR  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  a_AT1  \0pH_NN  of_IO  6.5_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  B_ZZ1  horizon_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  division_NN  .  
  since_CS  soils_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  brown_JJ  earth_NN  group_NN  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  limed_JJ  soils_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  marginal_JJ  in_IO  affinity_NN  to_IO  calcareous_JJ  soils_NNS  ,_,  rarely_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  \0pH_NN  of_IO  6.5_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  B_ZZ1  horizon_NN  the_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  perfect_JJ  .  
  when_CS examining_VBG  agricultural_JJ  soils_NNS  great_JJ  confusion_NN  can_VM  result_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  soils_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  low_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  under_IO  semi-natural_JJ  conditions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  induced_VBN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  chemistry_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  base_NN  status_NN  soils_NNS  by_IO  liming_NN  and_CC  fertilizing_NN  .  
  in_IO  parts_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  and_CC  eastern_JJ  United_NP  States_NP  of_IO  America_NP  ,_,  where_CS pedologists_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  soils_NNS  in_IO  similar_JJ  environments_NNS  to_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  two_MC  main_JB  sub-divisions_NNS  of_IO  soils_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  brown_JJ  earths_NNS  are_VBR  recognised_VBN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  acid_JJ  soils_NNS  with_IO  textural_JJ  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  with_IO  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  at_RR  least_RR  partly_RR  formed_VBN  by_IO  illuviated_JJ  clay_NN  ,_,  (_(  in_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  Sol_&FW  brun_&FW  lessive*?2_&FW  and_CC  Sol_&FW  lessive*?2_&FW  ;_;  in_IO  \0U.S.A_NP  grey-brown_JJ  podzolic_JJ  soil_NN  )_)  :_:  (_(  2_MC  )_)  strongly_RR  acid_JJ  soils_NNS  without_IO  textural_JJ  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  ,_,  (_(  Sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  ,_,  western_JJ  Europe_NP  and_CC  \0U.S.A_NP  )_)  .  
  obviously_RR  many_DA  more_DA  characteristics_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  define_VV0  these_DD2  sub-divisions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  later_RRR  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  on_IO  soil_NN  maps_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  country_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  used_VBN  both_DB2  grey-brown_JJ  podzolic_JJ  soil_NN  and_CC  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  as_CS  descriptive_JJ  terms_NNS  for_IO  particular_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  since_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  midlands_NNS  ,_,  soils_NNS  with_IO  textural_JJ  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  are_VBR  less_RG  well_RR  developed_VBN  than_IO  typical_JJ  grey-brown_JJ  podzolic_JJ  soils_NNS  ,_,  advantage_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  units_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  here_RL  well_RR  developed_VBN  soils_NNS  with_IO  moder_NN  humus_NN  and_CC  textural_JJ  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  are_VBR  called_VBN  sol_&FW  lessive*?2_&FW  and_CC  less_RG  well_RR  developed_JJ  soils_NNS  with_IO  mull_NN  humus_NN  ,_,  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  lessive*?2_&FW  ;_;  thus_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  unit_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  properly_RR  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  soils_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  .  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  soil_NN  development_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  extract_VV0  two_MC  important_JJ  groups_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  soils_NNS  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  drift_NN  deposits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cheshire-Shropshire_NP  plain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  soil_NN  formation_NN  characteristic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  of_IO  soils_NNS  exemplify_VV0  relationships_NNS  within_IO  an_AT1  extremely_RR  complex_JJ  region_NN  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  sols_&FW  bruns_&FW  acides_&FW  and_CC  podzolised_JJ  soils_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  glacial_JJ  sands_NNS  and_CC  gravels_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  sols_&FW  bruns_&FW  lessive*?2s_&FW  and_CC  surface-water_JB  gley_NN  soils_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  glacial_JJ  clays_NNS  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  sols_&FW  bruns_&FW  acides_&FW  and_CC  podzolised_JJ  soils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  glacial_JJ  sands_NNS  are_VBR  highly_RR  siliceous_JJ  ,_,  base_NN  poor_JJ  parent_NN  materials_NNS  ,_,  generally_RR  with_IO  less_DA  than_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  clay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  frequently_RR  with_IO  less_DA  than_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  clay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  acid_JJ  soils_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  developed_VBN  support_VV0  a_AT1  semi-natural_JJ  cover_NN  of_IO  heath_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  deciduous_JJ  wood-land_NN  consisting_VBG  of_IO  oak_NN  and_CC  birch_NN  with_IO  some_DD  rowan_NN  and_CC  holly_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  bracken_NN  or_CC  heathy_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  ground_NN  flora_NN  .  
  under_IO  deciduous_JJ  forest_NN  the_AT1  humus_NN  form_NN  is_VBZ  moder_NN  ,_,  with_IO  F_ZZ1  and_CC  H_ZZ1  layers_NNS  of_IO  approximately_RR  equal_JJ  thickness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  under_IO  heath_NN  the_AT1  humus_NN  form_NN  is_VBZ  frequently_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  assess_VV0  due_JJ  to_IO  periodic_JJ  burning_NN  .  
  beneath_IO  these_DD2  humus_NN  layers_NNS  several_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  profile_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  frequently_RR  the_AT1  solum_NN  is_VBZ  freely_RR  drained_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  shows_VBZ  little_DA  sign_NN  of_IO  development_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  uniformly_RR  brown_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  slight_JJ  colour_NN  (_(  B_ZZ1  )_)  horizon_NN    this_DD1  typifies_VBZ  the_AT1  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  .  
  in_IO  detail_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strongly_RR  desaturated_JJ  soil_NN  throughout_II  ,_,  with_IO  single_JJ  grain_NN  or_CC  weak_JJ  crumb_NN  structures_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  more_RG  loamy_JJ  materials_NNS  very_RG  weak_JJ  fine_JJ  sub-angular_JJ  blocky_JJ  structures_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  texture_NN  profile_NN  ;_;  estimates_NNS  for_IO  free_JJ  iron_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  indicate_VV0  any_DD  iron_NN  B_ZZ1  horizon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  clay_NN  ratios_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  show_VV0  any_DD  significant_JJ  differentiation_NN  of_IO  silica_NN  and_CC  sesquioxide_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  is_VBZ  frequently_RR  associated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  with_IO  soils_NNS  showing_VBG  signs_NNS  of_IO  podzolisation_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  with_IO  soils_NNS  having_VHG  iron_NN  and/or_CC  humus_NN  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  development_NN  .  
  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  soil_NN  development_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  *?23_&FO  podzolised_JJ  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  *?23_&FO  humus-iron_JB  podzol_NN  *?23_&FO  humus_NN  podzol_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  25_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  profiles_NNS  examined_VBN  at_IO  Delamere_NP  ,_,  north_NN1  Cheshire_NP  ,_,  on_IO  glacial_JJ  sands_NNS  illustrates_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  sequence_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  26_MC  )_)  .  
  extensive_JJ  areas_NNS  in_IO  Delamere_NP  were_VBDR  planted_VBN  with_IO  oak_NN  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  19th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  cleared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  replanting_NN  consisted_VVD  mainly_RR  of_IO  pine_NN  ,_,  though_CS  some_DD  open_JJ  ,_,  degenerate_JJ  ,_,  dry_JJ  oak-birch_JB  woodland_NN  remains_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  landscape_NN  unit_NN  drawn_VBN  diagrammatically_RR  (_(  \0fig_NN  26_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  common_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  Cheshire-Shropshire_NP  plain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  gentle_JJ  rolling_JJ  relief_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  peat-filled_JJ  basin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  podzolised_JJ  sol_&FW  brun_&FW  acide_&FW  has_VHZ  the_AT1  following_JJ  characteristics_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  thin_JJ  moder_NN  ,_,  sharply_RR  separated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  mineral_NN  soil_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  some_DD  superficial_JJ  bleaching_NN  immediately_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  organic_JJ  layer_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  an_AT1  A*;e**;_&FO  horizon_NN  of_IO  approximately_RR  9_MC  \0ins_NNU2  of_IO  dark_JJ  yellowish_JJ  brown_JJ  (_(  10YR3/4_&FO  )_)  sand_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  are_VBR  numerous_JJ  bleached_JJ  sand_NN  grains_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  a_AT1  B*;s**;_&FO  horizon_NN  of_IO  3/4_MC  \0ins_NNU2  indicated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  yellowish_JJ  red_JJ  (_(  5YR5/6_&FO  )_)  colour_NN  .  
  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  treatment_NN  of_IO  samples_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  mineral_NN  horizons_NNS  showed_VVD  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  organic_JJ  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  removed_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  well_RR  developed_JJ  grey_JJ  A*;e**;_&FO  horizon_NN  which_DDQ  gradually_RR  merges_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  B*;s**;_&FO  horizon_NN  .  
  the_AT1  humus-iron_JB  podzol_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  mature_JJ  profile_NN  for_CS  the_AT1  A*;e**;_&FO  horizon_NN  is_VBZ  grey_JJ  having_VHG  lost_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  organic_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  represented_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  black_JJ  horizon_NN  (_(  B*;h**;_&FO  )_)  overlying_VBG  a_AT1  strongly_RR  developed_JJ  B*;s**;_&FO  horizon_NN  (_(  \0figs_NNS  25_MC  and_CC  26_MC  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  ashy_JJ  coloured_JJ  residue_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  after_IO  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  humus_NN  B_ZZ1  horizon_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  qualitatively_RR  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  low_JJ  in_IO  inorganic_JJ  iron_NN  ;_;  however_RR  ,_,  chemical_JJ  evidence_NN  from_IO  similar_JJ  profiles_NNS  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  combined_VBN  with_IO  organic_JJ  matter_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  layer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  into_IO  solution_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  treatment_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  catena_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  humus_NN  podzol_NN  (_(  \0figs_NNS  25_MC  and_CC  26_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  following_JJ  characteristics_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  humus_NN  form_NN  is_VBZ  transitional_JJ  between_IO  mor_NN  and_CC  moder_NN  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  marked_JJ  pine_NN  needle_NN  litter_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  strongly_RR  bleached_JJ  ,_,  deep_JJ  A*;e**;_&FO  horizon_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  traversed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  complex_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  flow_NN  bands_NNS  of_IO  colloidal_JJ  organic_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  thick_JJ  (_(  6_MC  \0ins_NNU2  )_)  cemented_JJ  black_JJ  B*;h**;_&FO  horizon_NN  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  orange-brown_JJ  B*;s**;_&FO  horizon_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  sub-soil_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  bleached_JJ  sand_NN  ,_,  though_CS  here_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  apparently_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  gleying_NN  .  
  after_IO  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  horizons_NNS  all_DB  are_VBR  left_VBN  completely_RR  bleached_VBN  ,_,  confirming_VBG  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  zone_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  accumulation_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  profile_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  operated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  differentiation_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  soils_NNS  .  
  since_CS  climate_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  an_AT1  overall_JB  influence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  profiles_NNS  are_VBR  developed_VBN  on_IO  glacial_JJ  sands_NNS  and_CC  gravels_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  assumed_VBN  that_CS  differentiation_NN  is_VBZ  chiefly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  site_NN  and/or_CC  vegetation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  vegetation_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  affected_VBN  by_IO  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  widely_RR  believed_VBN  that_CS  podzolisation_NN  in_IO  lowland_NN  Britain_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  role_NN  which_DDQ  heath_NN  (_(  Calluna_&FW  )_)  assumes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  vegetation_NN  cover_NN  of_IO  deforested_JJ  or_CC  abandoned_JJ  land_NN  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  accepted_JJ  doctrine_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  real_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  podzols_NNS  are_VBR  formed_VBN  under_IO  heath_NN  ;_;  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  podzol_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  point_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  heath_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  now_RL  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  work_NN  in_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  decade_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  confirmatory_JJ  investigations_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  show_VV0  podzolisation_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  progressive_JJ  development_NN  ,_,  starting_VBG  under_IO  deciduous_JJ  woodland_NN  and_CC  probably_RR  reaching_VBG  maturity_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  humus-iron_JB  podzol_NN  stage_NN  under_IO  Calluna_&FW  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  heath_NN  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  essential_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vegetation_NN  cycle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  podzolised_JJ  sols_&FW  bruns_&FW  acides_&FW  and_CC  podzols_NNS  in_IO  close_JJ  proximity_NN  at_IO  Delamere_NP  and_CC  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  past_JB  vegetation_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  pollen_NN  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profiles_NNS  concerned_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  so_RG  many_DA  possibilities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  of_IO  years_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  vegetation_NN  has_VHZ  influenced_VBN  soil_NN  development_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  humus_NN  podzols_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  found_VBN  in_RR  general_RR  adjoining_VBG  peat_NN  or_CC  certainly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  catena_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  convincingly_RR  argued_VBN  that_CS  development_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  influenced_VBN  by_IO  ground-water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  ground-water_NN  has_VHZ  prevented_VBN  the_AT1  precipitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  illuviated_JJ  iron_NN  oxides_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  due_JJ  perhaps_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  regional_JJ  or_CC  local_JJ  water_NN  levels_NNS  ,_,  formed_JJ  iron_NN  B_ZZ1  horizons_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  disrupted_VBN  by_IO  waterlogging_NN  and_CC  gleying_NN  ;_;  in_IO  either_LE  case_NN  the_AT1  leaching_NN  of_IO  humus_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  confined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  filtering_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  iron_NN  B_ZZ1  horizon_NN  and_CC  consequently_RR  a_AT1  more_RG  deeply_RR  leached_JJ  profile_NN  results_VBZ  .  
  using_VBG  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  in_IO  equilibrium_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  daughters_NNS  ,_,  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  radiochemical_JJ  centre_NN  ,_,  Amersham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  source_NN  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  and_CC  counted_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  aluminium_NN  absorbers_NNS  of_IO  increasing_JJ  weight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  curve_NN  of_IO  observed_JJ  activity_NN  plotted_VBN  against_IO  absorber_NN  thickness_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  2_MC  .  
  an_AT1  aluminium_NN  absorber_NN  weighing_VBG  27_MC  \0mg_NNU  /_IO  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  experimental_JJ  work_NN  although_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  thicker_JJ  than_CS  necessary_JJ  and_CC  reduced_VVD  the_AT1  efficiency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Geiger_NP  counter_NN  from_IO  about_RR  15_MC  %_NNU  to_IO  11_MC  %_NNU  .  
  reference_NN  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  prepared_VBN  by_IO  precipitating_VBG  lead_NN  chromate_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  dilute_JJ  acetic_JJ  acid_NN  solution_NN  containing_VBG  a_AT1  known_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  in_IO  equilibrium_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  daughters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  calibrated_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  (_(  about_RR  10*:-2**:_&FO  mc_NNU  /_IO  \0ml_NNU  )_)  was_VBDZ  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  radiochemical_JJ  centre_NN  ,_,  Amersham_NP  .  
  lead_NN  chromate_NN  is_VBZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  only_RR  about_RR  75-85_MC-MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  time_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  for_IO  radio-equilibrium_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  restored_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  75_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  bismuth-210_NN  is_VBZ  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  ingrowth_NN  over_IO  two_MC  half-lives_NNS  (_(  ten_MC  days_NNS  )_)  .  
  therefore_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  forty_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  daughter_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  within_IO  0.1_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  its_APP$  final_JJ  equilibrium_NN  value_NN  .  
  if_CS  reference_NN  sources_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  sooner_RRR  than_IO  forty_MC  or_CC  fifty_MC  days_NNS  after_IO  preparation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lead-210_NN  together_RR  with_IO  added_JJ  lead_NN  carrier_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  separated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  daughter_NN  by_IO  ion_NN  exchange_NN  (_(  see_VV0  analytical_JJ  method_NN  ,_,  steps_NNS  4_MC  ,_,  5_MC  )_)  before_IO  precipitating_VBG  lead_NN  chromate_NN  .  
  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  separation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lead-210_NN  solution_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ingrowth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  absolute_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reference_NN  standards_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  known_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lead-210_NN  solution_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  yield_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  calculation_NN  is_VBZ  unnecessary_JJ  provided_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  lead_NN  carrier_NN  solution_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  to_TO  prepare_VV0  the_AT1  reference_NN  standards_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  analyses_NNS  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  weights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  recovered_JJ  lead_NN  chromate_NN  precipitates_NNS  need_VM  be_VB0  known_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  concentration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lead_NN  carrier_NN  solution_NN  cancels_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  algebraic_JJ  equations_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  effort_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  detect_VV0  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  radioactive_JJ  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  tracer_NN  by_IO  separating_VBG  the_AT1  lead-210_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  by_IO  anion_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  the_AT1  b-counting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lead-210_NN  fraction_NN  began_VVD  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  of_IO  completing_VBG  the_AT1  separation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ingrowth_NN  of_IO  bismuth-210_NN  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  for_IO  ten_MC  days_NNS  and_CC  showed_VVD  no_AT1  abnormalities_NNS  .  
  any_DD  impurity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lead_NN  fraction_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  well_RR  below_IO  one_MC1  percent_NNU  .  
  some_DD  separated_JJ  lead-210_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  reference_NN  standards_NNS  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  tracer_NN  in_IO  recovery_NN  experiments_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  significant_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  results_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  using_VBG  the_AT1  original_JJ  lead-210_NN  solution_NN  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  radiochemical_JJ  centre_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  concluded_VVD  was_VBDZ  radiochemically_RR  pure_JJ  .  
  2.2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  recovery_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  tracer_NN  from_IO  solution_NN  .  
  Rosenquist_NP  (_(  4_MC  )_)  showed_VVD  that_CS  minute_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  lead_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  isolated_VBN  from_IO  large_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  solution_NN  by_IO  coprecipitating_VBG  the_AT1  lead_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  strontium_NN  sulphate_NN  .  
  lead_NN  and_CC  strontium_NN  form_VV0  mixed_JJ  crystals_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  more_RG  insoluble_JJ  lead_NN  sulphate_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  completely_RR  recovered_VBN  even_CS  if_CS  precipitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strontium_NN  sulphate_NN  is_VBZ  incomplete_JJ  .  
  using_VBG  ten_MC  milligrams_NNS  of_IO  lead_NN  carrier_NN  and_CC  six_MC  hundred_MC  milligrams_NNS  of_IO  strontium_NN  per_IO  liter_NN  ,_,  more_DA  than_IO  95_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  added_JJ  lead_NN  tracer_NN  was_VBDZ  recovered_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  experiment_NN  .  
  gravimetric_JJ  recoveries_NNS  were_VBDR  less_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  ethylenediamine_NN  tetra-acetic_JJ  acid_NN  (_(  10_MC  \0ppm_NNU  )_)  ,_,  Teepol_NP  (_(  0.2_MC  \0ml_NNU  commercial_JJ  Teepol_NP  per_IO  liter_NN  )_)  and_CC  Calgon_NP  (_(  250_MC  and_CC  500_MC  \0ppm_NNU  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  always_RR  exceeded_VVD  70_MC  %_NNU  .  
  radiochemical_JJ  recovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tracer_NN  corrected_VBN  for_IO  gravimetric_JJ  recovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carrier_NN  averaged_VVD  97.5_MC  *?14_&FO  0.5_MC  %_NNU  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  where_CS these_DD2  additives_NNS  were_VBDR  present_JJ  .  
  excessive_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  chloride_NN  also_RR  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  gravimetric_JJ  recovery_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  0.1_MC  \0N_NNU  chloride_NN  ion_NN  (_(  96_MC  %_NNU  recovery_NN  )_)  the_AT1  effect_NN  is_VBZ  negligible_JJ  but_CCB  becomes_VBZ  increasingly_RR  important_JJ  thereafter_RR  :_:  0.3_MC  \0N_NNU  \0Cl*:-**:_&FO  (_(  85_MC  %_NNU  recovery_NN  )_)  ,_,  0.5_MC  \0N_NNU  \0Cl*:-**:_&FO  (_(  79_MC  %_NNU  recovery_NN  )_)  ,_,  1.0_MC  \0N_NNU  \0Cl*:-**:_&FO  (_(  56_MC  %_NNU  recovery_NN  )_)  .  
  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  ten_MC  milligrams_NNS  of_IO  lead_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  ensure_VV0  good_JJ  separation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ion_NN  exchange_NN  column_NN  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  solution_NN  in_IO  small_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  dilute_JJ  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  .  
  absorption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beta_NN  particles_NNS  is_VBZ  also_RR  kept_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  and_CC  precision_NN  of_IO  weighing_VBG  the_AT1  precipitated_JJ  sources_NNS  suffers_VBZ  .  
  all_DB  precipitates_NNS  were_VBDR  weighed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  semi-micro_JB  balance_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  calibrated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  certificated_JJ  weights_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  physical_JJ  laboratory_NN  .  
  complete_JJ  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  radio-lead_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  added_JJ  lead_NN  carrier_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  analytical_JJ  results_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  correct_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  tracer_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  liter_NN  of_IO  effluent_NN  and_CC  immediately_RR  coprecipitated_VBN  with_IO  strontium_NN  sulphate_NN  from_IO  hot_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  was_VBDZ  complete_JJ  under_IO  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  tracer_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  alkaline_JJ  effluent_NN  and_CC  allowed_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  for_IO  several_DA  days_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  carrier_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  recovery_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  five_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  low_JJ  when_CS corrected_VBN  for_IO  gravimetric_JJ  recovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carrier_NN  .  
  complete_JJ  exchange_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  acidifying_VBG  the_AT1  effluent_NN  with_IO  five_MC  milliliters_NNS  of_IO  concentrated_JJ  nitric_JJ  acid_NN  and_CC  boiling_VBG  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_IO  completing_VBG  the_AT1  coprecipitation_NN  .  
  boiling_VBG  the_AT1  effluent_NN  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  5_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  acid_NN  resulted_VVD  in_IO  gravimetric_JJ  recoveries_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  too_RG  low_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  tolerated_VBN  .  
  to_TO  ensure_VV0  complete_JJ  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  hour_NN  at_IO  ,_,  or_CC  very_RG  near_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  boiling_NN  point_NN  is_VBZ  recommended_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  analytical_JJ  method_NN  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  and_CC  growth_NN  of_IO  algae_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  alkaline_JJ  effluent_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  recovery_NN  of_IO  radio-lead_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  prescribed_JJ  conditions_NNS  although_CS  some_DD  radioactivity_NN  remains_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  algae_NNS  until_CS  the_AT1  metathesis_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  completed_VBN  by_IO  heating_VBG  the_AT1  mixed_JJ  sulphates_NNS  with_IO  three_MC  separate_JJ  portions_NNS  of_IO  dilute_JJ  (_(  1.25_MC  normal_JJ  )_)  sodium_NN  carbonate_NN  solution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carbonate_NN  solution_NN  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  after_IO  experiments_NNS  with_IO  lead_NN  tracer_NN  alone_RR  which_DDQ  indicated_VVD  that_CS  less_DA  lead_NN  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  than_CS  at_IO  other_DA  concentrations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mixed_JJ  carbonates_NNS  are_VBR  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  2_MC  \0N_NNU  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  and_CC  fed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  column_NN  of_IO  anion_NN  exchange_NN  resin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  algae_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  effluent_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  simply_RR  filtered_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  resin_NN  bed_NN  .  
  2.3_MC  .  
  separation_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  and_CC  bismuth_NN  by_IO  anion_NN  exchange_NN  .  
  the_AT1  anion_NN  exchange_NN  resin_NN  (_(  Amberlite_NP  ira-400_&FO  ,_,  60-100_MC-MC  mesh_NN  ,_,  chloride_NN  form_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  by_IO  drying_VBG  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  product_NN  and_CC  grinding_VBG  it_PPH1  to_TO  pass_VV0  the_AT1  correct_JJ  sieves_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  manual_JJ  coffee_NN  grinder_NN  is_VBZ  useful_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  resin_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ground_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  mortar_NN  and_CC  pestle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sieved_JJ  resin_NN  is_VBZ  washed_VBN  repeatedly_RR  with_IO  distilled_JJ  water_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  fines_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  with_IO  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  to_TO  convert_VV0  the_AT1  resin_NN  completely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  chloride_NN  form_NN  .  
  the_AT1  60-100_MC-MC  mesh_NN  resin_NN  is_VBZ  again_RR  washed_VBN  with_IO  water_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  acid_NN  and_CC  finally_RR  dried_VBN  in_IO  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  drying_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  speeded_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  heating_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  (_(  40_MC  *@_NNU  -_MC  60_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  )_)  oven_NN  until_IO  damp_JJ  dry_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  drying_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  room_NN  temperature_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  resin_NN  protected_VBN  against_IO  dust_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  covering_NN  of_IO  filter_NN  paper_NN  .  
  for_IO  each_DD1  aliquot_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  analysed_VBN  ,_,  about_RR  3.5_MC  grams_NNS  of_IO  air-dried_JJ  resin_NN  is_VBZ  weighed_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  slurried_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  tube_NN  with_IO  2_MC  \0N_NNU  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  glass_NN  tube_NN  is_VBZ  11_MC  \0cm_NNU  long_JJ  and_CC  1_MC1  \0cm_NNU  in_IO  internal_JJ  diameter_NN  .  
  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tube_NN  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  tip_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  B14_ZZ1  conical_JJ  glass_NN  socket_NN  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  end_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  reservoir_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  50_MC  \0ml_NNU  cylindrical_JJ  separating_JJ  funnel_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  capillary_JJ  tap_NN  modified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  B14_ZZ1  cone_NN  to_TO  fit_VV0  the_AT1  glass_NN  column_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exact_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eluting_JJ  agents_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  by_IO  experiment_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  batch_NN  of_IO  resin_NN  using_VBG  radioactive_JJ  tracer_NN  (_(  lead-210_NN  ,_,  bismuth-210_NN  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  typical_JJ  elution_NN  curve_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  3_MC  .  
  once_CS  these_DD2  volumes_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  established_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  resin_NN  used_VBN  is_VBZ  also_RR  fixed_VBN  .  
  all_DB  available_JJ  evidence_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  fractions_NNS  containing_VBG  lead_NN  and_CC  bismuth_NN  are_VBR  free_JJ  of_IO  cross_JJ  contamination_NN  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  natural_JJ  ingrowth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  daughters_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  decay_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  .  
  polonium-210_NN  remains_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  column_NN  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  interfere_VV0  .  
  strontium_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  form_VV0  a_AT1  chloro-complex_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  passes_VBZ  through_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  feed_NN  solution_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  wash_NN  .  
  the_AT1  resin_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  separation_NN  and_CC  then_RL  thrown_VBN  away_RP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  fraction_NN  containing_VBG  lead-210_NN  is_VBZ  collected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  lead_NN  is_VBZ  precipitated_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  chromate_NN  ,_,  washed_VBN  ,_,  slurried_VBN  onto_IO  an_AT1  aluminium_NN  counting_NN  tray_NN  ,_,  dried_VBN  under_IO  an_AT1  infra-red_JJ  lamp_NN  ,_,  weighed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  set_VBN  aside_RP  for_IO  five_MC  days_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  grows_VBZ  in_RP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  five_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  bismuth-210_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  reached_VBN  one-half_MC  of_IO  its_APP$  equilibrium_NN  value_NN  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  counted_VBN  through_IO  an_AT1  aluminium_NN  absorber_NN  sufficiently_RR  thick_JJ  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  beta_NN  particles_NNS  from_IO  lead-210_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  alpha_NN  particles_NNS  from_IO  polonium-210_NN  .  
  earlier_JJ  beta_NN  counting_NN  is_VBZ  permissible_JJ  but_CCB  the_AT1  sensitivity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  other_DA  lead_NN  nuclides_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  observing_VBG  the_AT1  ingrowth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  activity_NN  and_CC  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  normalised_JJ  curve_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  curve_NN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  using_VBG  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  proportional_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  ordinate_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  hours_NNS  the_AT1  curve_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  distorted_VBN  if_CS  activity_NN  other_DA  than_IO  bismuth-210_NN  is_VBZ  present_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  bismuth_NN  nuclides_NNS  may_VM  include_VV0  :_:  **[list**]_&FO  together_RR  with_IO  their_APP$  lead_NN  parents_NNS  .  
  all_DB  but_IO  lead-212_NN  will_VM  decay_VV0  completely_RR  within_IO  six_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  decay_NN  of_IO  lead-212_NN  will_VM  distort_VV0  the_AT1  observed_JJ  activity_NN  for_IO  four_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  days_NNS  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  present_JJ  .  
  thereafter_RR  the_AT1  normalised_JJ  curve_NN  should_VM  follow_VV0  \0fig_NN  4_MC  exactly_RR  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  to_TO  confirm_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  beta_NN  activity_NN  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  bismuth-210_NN  ,_,  or_CC  if_CS  much_RR  higher_JJ  decontamination_NN  factors_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  lead_NN  chromate_NN  is_VBZ  washed_VBN  quantitatively_RR  with_IO  2_MC  \0N_NNU  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  centrifuge_NN  tube_NN  and_CC  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  bismuth_NN  carrier_NN  .  
  the_AT1  solution_NN  is_VBZ  kept_VBN  near_IO  the_AT1  boiling_NN  point_NN  for_IO  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  to_TO  assist_VV0  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  .  
  chromate_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  interfere_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  ion_NN  exchange_NN  separation_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  by_IO  adding_VBG  a_DA  few_DA  drops_NNS  of_IO  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ion_NN  exchange_NN  separation_NN  is_VBZ  repeated_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  is_VBZ  eluted_VBN  with_IO  1_MC1  \0N_NNU  sulphuric_JJ  acid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  fraction_NN  is_VBZ  diluted_VBN  and_CC  phosphoric_JJ  acid_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  phosphate_NN  precipitation_NN  is_VBZ  repeated_VBN  to_TO  remove_VV0  contamination_NN  by_IO  sulphate_NN  or_CC  occluded_JJ  sulphuric_JJ  acid_NN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  beta_NN  activity_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  radiochemical_JJ  purity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0Bi-210_&FO  may_VM  be_VB0  checked_VBN  by_IO  observing_VBG  the_AT1  decay_NN  curve_NN  .  
  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  chromate_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  aluminium_NN  counting_NN  tray_NN  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  ion_NN  exchange_NN  separation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  checked_VBN  by_IO  counting_VBG  the_AT1  trays_NNS  .  
  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  0.2_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  remains_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  tray_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  acid_NN  wash_NN  .  
  this_DD1  loss_NN  is_VBZ  acceptably_RR  small_JJ  for_IO  an_AT1  analytical_JJ  step_NN  when_CS no_AT1  correction_NN  for_IO  carrier_NN  recovery_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  completeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  added_JJ  carrier_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  tested_VBN  .  
  two_MC  samples_NNS  of_IO  precipitated_JJ  lead_NN  chromate_NN  (_(  lead-210_NN  ,_,  bismuth-210_NN  )_)  were_VBDR  counted_VBN  and_CC  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  nitric_JJ  acid_NN  in_IO  silica_NN  basins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  contents_NNS  were_VBDR  evaporated_VBN  to_IO  dryness_NN  with_IO  bismuth_NN  carrier_NN  and_CC  then_RL  taken_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  2_MC  \0N_NNU  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ion_NN  exchange_NN  separation_NN  completed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  was_VBDZ  recovered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  eluate_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  phosphate_NN  .  
  results_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  differ_VV0  from_IO  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  convenient_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  heating_VBG  the_AT1  dissolved_JJ  chromates_NNS  in_IO  2_MC  \0N_NNU  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  for_IO  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  rigorous_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  securing_VBG  chemical_JJ  exchange_NN  was_VBDZ  unnecessary_JJ  .  
  2.4_MC  .  
  decontamination_NN  from_IO  other_DA  nuclides_NNS  .  
  lead-210_NN  when_CS present_JJ  in_IO  effluent_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  only_RR  at_IO  very_RG  low_JJ  concentrations_NNS  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  permitted_JJ  maximum_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  10*:-12**:_&FO  curies_NNS  /_IO  \0ml_NNU  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  most_RG  stringently_RR  controlled_JJ  b-emitting_JJ  nuclides_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  radiochemical_JJ  procedure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  assay_NN  of_IO  lead-210_NN  shall_VM  provide_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  decontamination_NN  from_IO  major_JJ  fission_NN  products_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  nuclides_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  in_IO  amounts_NNS  greatly_RR  exceeding_VBG  lead-210_NN  so_CS  that_CS  these_DD2  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  mistakenly_RR  reported_VBN  as_IO  lead-210_NN  .  
  table_NN  1_MC1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  decontamination_NN  factors_NNS  obtained_VBN  experimentally_RR  for_IO  ten_MC  radionuclides_NNS  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  instances_NNS  by_IO  radioactive_JJ  daughters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  decontamination_NN  factor_NN  falls_VBZ  below_IO  10*:4**:_&FO  only_RR  for_IO  ruthenium-106_NN  and_CC  zirconium-95_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  lead_NN  chromate_NN  source_NN  containing_VBG  the_AT1  bismuth-210_NN  daughter_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  (_(  the_AT1  bismuth_NN  phosphate_NN  source_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  decontamination_NN  factors_NNS  are_VBR  exceptionally_RR  high_JJ  .  
  3_MC  .  
  results_NNS  and_CC  discussion_NN  .  
  a_AT1  known_JJ  quantity_NN  (_(  \0approx_RR  1_MC1  x_IO  10*:-2**:_&FO  \0mc_NNU  )_)  of_IO  lead-210_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  1-litre_JB  aliquots_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  batches_NNS  of_IO  typical_JJ  low-activity_JB  effluent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  aliquots_NNS  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  for_IO  about_RR  seven_MC  days_NNS  (_(  except_CS  where_CS noted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  )_)  before_CS  lead_NN  carrier_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  analytical_JJ  procedure_NN  begun_VBN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  scalar_JJ  effective_JJ  mass_NN  m*;e**;_&FO  we_PPIS2  may_VM  express_VV0  t_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  index_NN  s_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  equation_NN  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  AE*:-s**:_&FO  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  1/2_MC  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  non-degenerate_JJ  semiconductor_NN  with_IO  s_ZZ1  =_&FO  1/2_MC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  from_IO  *?13_NN  10.6_MC  equation_NN  (_(  83_MC  )_)  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  since_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  mobility_NN  m*;e**;_&FO  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  only_RR  lattice_NN  scattering_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  acoustical_JJ  modes_NNS  of_IO  vibration_NN  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  well_NN  known_VBN  T*:-3/2**:_&FO  law_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  mobility_NN  in_IO  pure_JJ  semiconductors_NNS  at_IO  high_JJ  temperatures_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unfortunately_RR  not_XX  very_RG  well_RR  obeyed_VBN  for_IO  most_DA  semiconductors_NNS  since_CS  both_DB2  anisotropy_NN  and_CC  other_DA  scattering_JJ  mechanisms_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  modify_VV0  the_AT1  mobility_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  appreciable_JJ  extent_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  defer_VV0  the_AT1  calculation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  constant_NN  a_AT1  to_IO  *?13_NN  13.4.4_MC  .  
  10.10_MC  .  
  low-mobility_JB  semiconductors_NNS  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  electrical_JJ  conductivity_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  given_VBN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  applicable_JJ  to_IO  metals_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  normal_JJ  semiconductors_NNS  having_VHG  a_AT1  high_JJ  electron_NN  and_CC  hole_NN  mobility_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  readily_RR  show_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  applied_VBN  without_IO  serious_JJ  modification_NN  to_IO  materials_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  mobility_NN  is_VBZ  low_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  such_DA  materials_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  mobilities_NNS  of_IO  about_RR  1_MC1  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  /_CC  V_ZZ1  \0sec_NNU  .  
  for_IO  such_DA  materials_NNS  the_AT1  relaxation_NN  time_NN  t_ZZ1  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  about_RR  6_MC  x_IO  10*:-16**:_&FO  \0sec_NNU  if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  m*;e**;_&FO  =_&FO  m_ZZ1  and_CC  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  value_NN  still_RR  if_CS  m*;e**;_&FO  <_&FO  m_ZZ1  .  
  now_RL  because_IO  of_II  collisions_NNS  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  precisely_RR  stated_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  much_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  t_ZZ1  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  dE_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  in_IO  energy_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  (_(  \0cf_VV0  *?13_NN  1.4_MC  ,_,  equation_NN  (_(  67_MC  )_)  )_)  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  allocation_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  levels_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  band_NN  therefore_RR  becomes_VBZ  meaningless_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  energy_NN  spread_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  carriers_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  non-degenerate_JJ  semiconductor_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  only_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  kT_&FO  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  semiconductor_NN  like_IO  Ge_&FO  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  
  for_IO  low-mobility_JB  semiconductors_NNS  the_AT1  band_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  conduction_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  abandoned_VBN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  must_VM  regard_VV0  conduction_NN  by_IO  electrons_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  field-assisted_JJ  tunnelling_NN  between_IO  adjacent_JJ  atoms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  discussed_VBN  extensively_RR  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0F_NP  Joffe*?2_NP  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  applied_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  liquid_JJ  and_CC  amorphous_JJ  semiconductors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  as_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  narrow_JJ  bands_NNS  with_IO  high_JJ  effective_JJ  mass_NN  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  recently_RR  discussed_VBN  by_IO  \0H_NP  Fro"hlich_NP  and_CC  \0G_NP  \0L_NP  Sewell_NP  .  
  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  conduction_NN  by_IO    jumping_VBG    from_IO  site_NN  to_IO  site_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  used_VBN  by_IO  \0N_NP  \0F_NP  Mott_NP  to_TO  discuss_VV0  conduction_NN  by_IO  impurities_NNS  in_IO  semiconductors_NNS  at_IO  low_JJ  temperatures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  so-called_JB  impurity_NN  band_NN  conduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  full_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  conduction_NN  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  worked_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  anything_PN1  like_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  extent_NN  as_CS  for_IO  conduction_NN  in_IO  materials_NNS  having_VHG  a_AT1  high_JJ  electron_NN  or_CC  hole_NN  mobility_NN  .  
  11_MC  .  
  the_AT1  effective-mass_JB  approximation_NN  .  
  11.1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  quasi-classical_JJ  approximation_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  shown_VBN  in_IO  chapter_NN  8_MC  that_CS  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  approximation_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  electron_NN  moving_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  crystalline_JJ  lattice_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  F_ZZ1  may_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  particle_NN  moving_VBG  classically_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  particle_NN  having_VHG  a_AT1  tensorial_JJ  effective_JJ  mass_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  equations_NNS  of_IO  motion_NN  were_VBDR  derived_VBN  in_IO  *?13_NN  8.8_MC  .  
  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  vector_NN  k_ZZ1  or_CC  crystal_NN  momentum_NN  P_ZZ1  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  vector_NN  equation_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  equation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  transformed_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  acceleration_NN  equation_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    averaged_JJ    velocity_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS 1/M*;e**;_&FO  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  effective-mass_JB  tensor_NN  whose_PNQV$  Cartesian_JJ  components_NNS  1/m*;rs**;_&FO  are_VBR  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  energy_NN  E_ZZ1  may_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  quadratic_JJ  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS the_AT1  quantities_NNS  A*;rs**;_&FO  are_VBR  constants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  A*;rs**;_&FO  =_&FO  A*;sr**;_&FO  and_CC  the_AT1  components_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  effective-mass_JB  tensor_NN  are_VBR  constants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  various_JJ  simplifications_NNS  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  when_CS some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  quantities_NNS  A*;rs**;_&FO  are_VBR  zero_MC  or_CC  equal_JJ  have_VH0  been_VBN  discussed_VBN  in_IO  *?13_NN  8.8_MC  ;_;  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  when_CS **[formula**]_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  effective_JJ  mass_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  scalar_JJ  m*;e**;_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  equation_NN  of_IO  motion_NN  reduces_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  classical_JJ  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  refer_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  form_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  quasi-classical_JJ  approximation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  clearly_RR  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  equations_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  no_AT1  sense_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  classical_JJ  mechanics_NN    their_APP$  derivation_NN  depends_VBZ  essentially_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  quantum_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  electron_NN  waves_NNS  in_IO  crystals_NNS  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  *?13_NN  8.8_MC  .  
  the_AT1  term_NN  quasi-classical_JJ  is_VBZ  used_VBN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  form_NN  is_VBZ  classical_JJ  .  
  once_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  derived_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  motions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  conduction_NN  electrons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  by_IO  treating_VBG  the_AT1  electrons_NNS  as_IO  classical_JJ  particles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  derivation_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  we_PPIS2  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  certain_JJ  restrictions_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  force_NN  F_ZZ1  must_VM  be_VB0    slowly_RR  varying_VBG    ,_,  \0i.e_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  change_VV0  very_RG  slightly_RR  between_IO  neighbouring_JJ  cells_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  applied_VBN  equations_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  form_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  electrons_NNS  under_IO  external_JJ  electric_JJ  and_CC  magnetic_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  have_VH0  found_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  description_NN  leads_NNS  to_IO  results_NNS  in_IO  excellent_JJ  agreement_NN  with_IO  experiment_NN  when_CS the_AT1  fields_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  too_RG  strong_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  also_RR  used_VBN  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  effective_JJ  mass_NN  in_IO  *?13_NN  9.3.6_MC  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Coulomb_NP  field_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  impurity_NN  atom_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  semiconductor_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  rather_RR  paradoxical_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  in_CS  that_CS  ,_,  while_CS  we_PPIS2  regarded_VVD  the_AT1  electron_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  particle_NN  of_IO  mass_NN  m*;e**;_&FO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  wave_NN  mechanics_NN  to_TO  derive_VV0  the_AT1  energy_NN  levels_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  impurity_NN  centre_NN  ,_,  quoting_VBG  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  result_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  hydrogen_NN  atom_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  we_PPIS2  may_VM  readily_RR  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  quasi-classical_JJ  approximation_NN  only_RR  holds_VBZ  provided_CS  the_AT1  wavelength_NN  l*;e**;_&FO  of_IO  the_AT1  quasi_JB  particle_NN  is_VBZ  short_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  over_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  field_NN  varies_VBZ  appreciably_RR  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  criterion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  classical_JJ  mechanics_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particle_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  particle_NN  of_IO  mass_NN  m_ZZ1  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  potential_JJ  function_NN  V(r)_&FO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  equation_NN  of_IO  motion_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  Schro"dinger's_PPIO2  equation_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  or_CC  more_RG  generally_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  equation_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS H_ZZ1  (_(  p_ZZ1  ,_,  r_ZZ1  )_)  is_VBZ  the_AT1  classical_JJ  Hamiltonian_NN1  expressed_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  momentum_NN  p_ZZ1  .  
  equations_NNS  (_(  7_MC  )_)  or_CC  (_(  8_MC  )_)  determine_VV0  the_AT1  stationary-state_JB  wave_NN  function_NN  ps_ZZ1  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  E_ZZ1  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  similarity_NN  of_IO  equations_NNS  (_(  5_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  6_MC  )_)  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  not_XX  unreasonable_JJ  to_TO  replace_VV0  equation_NN  (_(  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  dealing_VBG  with_IO  an_AT1    external_JJ    field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  crystal_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  classical_JJ  mechanics_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  applied_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  an_AT1  equation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS V(r)_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  potential_NN  which_DDQ  determines_VBZ  the_AT1  force_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  effectively_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  done_VBN  in_IO  discussing_VBG  the_AT1  energy_NN  levels_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  impurity_NN  centre_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  semiconductor_NN  in_IO  *?13_NN  9.3.6_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  devote_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  chapter_NN  to_IO  proving_NN  that_CS  such_DA  an_AT1  equation_NN  can_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  motion_NN  .  
  some_DD  thought_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  ps_ZZ1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  functions_NNS  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  crystal_NN  ;_;  as_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  whole_JJ  wave_NN  function_NN  but_CCB  may_VM  be_VB0  interpreted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  slowly_RR  varying_JJ  amplitude_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  9_MC  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  when_CS the_AT1  effective_JJ  mass_NN  is_VBZ  tensorial_JJ  may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  follow_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  equation_NN  (_(  8_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  7_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  Hamiltonian_NN1  H_ZZ1  being_VBG  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  momentum_NN  P_ZZ1  (_(  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  should_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  momentum_NN  p_ZZ1  of_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  particle_NN  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  potential_JJ  energy_NN  V(r)_&FO  being_VBG  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  external_JJ  force_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  might_VM  reasonably_RR  therefore_RR  expect_VV0  the_AT1  equation_NN  which_DDQ  determines_VBZ  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  crystal_NN  under_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  force_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS E*;p**;(P)_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  energy_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  crystal_NN  given_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  momentum_NN  P_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  terms_NNS  the_AT1  wave_NN  vector_NN  k_ZZ1  ,_,  equation_NN  (_(  10_MC  )_)  may_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS E*;k**;(k)_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  energy_NN  of_IO  electrons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  crystal_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  vector_NN  k_ZZ1  .  
  for_IO  slowly_RR  varying_JJ  fields_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  equations_NNS  such_IO  as_II  (_(  7_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  8_MC  )_)  give_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  results_NNS  as_IO  classical_JJ  mechanics_NN  ;_;  similarly_RR  ,_,  equations_NNS  (_(  9_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  10_MC  )_)  will_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  results_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  quasi-classical_JJ  approximation_NN  when_CS this_DD1  is_VBZ  applicable_JJ  .  
  equations_NNS  (_(  10_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  10a_MC  )_)  clearly_RR  reduce_VV0  to_IO  equation_NN  (_(  9_MC  )_)  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  scalar_JJ  effective_JJ  mass_NN  m*;e**;_&FO  ;_;  they_PPHS2  represent_VV0  a_AT1  higher_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  approximation_NN  than_IO  equation_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  only_RR  given_VBN  plausible_JJ  arguments_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  form_NN  ;_;  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  now_RL  proceed_VV0  to_TO  derive_VV0  them_PPHO1  using_VBG  the_AT1  quantum_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  electrons_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  crystal_NN  .  
  11.2_MC  .  
  quantum_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effective-mass_JB  approximation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wave_NN  equation_NN  describing_VBG  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  electrons_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  crystal_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  perturbing_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  derived_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ways_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  elegant_JJ  derivation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  also_RR  shows_VBZ  up_RP  well_RR  the_AT1  physical_JJ  principles_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  originally_RR  given_VBN  by_IO  \0G_NP  Wannier_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  developed_VBN  by_IO  \0J_NP  \0C_NP  Slater_NP  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  follow_VV0  this_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  derivation_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  use_VV0  Wannier's_PPIO2  method_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  introduce_VV0  some_DD  wave_NN  functions_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  and_CC  which_DDQ  are_VBR  generally_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  Wannier_NP  functions_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  built_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  wave_NN  functions_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  electrons_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  lattice_NN  .  
  these_DD2  functions_NNS  are_VBR  particularly_RR  well_RR  suited_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  problem_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  for_IO  many_DA  other_DA  problems_NNS  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  Wannier_NP  functions_NNS  are_VBR  localised_JJ  ,_,  whereas_CS  ,_,  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  are_VBR  spread_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  crystal_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  therefore_RR  appropriate_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  problems_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  require_VV0  to_TO  specify_VV0  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  electron_NN  closely_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  former_DA  are_VBR  useful_JJ  when_CS discussing_VBG  problems_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  such_IO  as_II  an_AT1  isolated_JJ  impurity_NN  centre_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  localised_JJ  wave_NN  function_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Wannier_NP  functions_NNS  were_VBDR  first_RR  introduced_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  b*;k**;(r)_&FO  defined_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  are_VBR  solutions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  equation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  crystal_NN  and_CC  hence_RR  that_CS  a_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  representing_VBG  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  equation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  expanded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  such_DA  functions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  restrict_VV0  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  k_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  Brillouin_NP  zone_NN  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  N_ZZ1  such_DA  allowed_JJ  values_NNS  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  each_DD1  energy_NN  band_NN  ,_,  where_CS N_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  unit_NN  cells_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  an_AT1  exact_JJ  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  require_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  b*;kn**;(r)_&FO  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  all_DB  bands_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  gap_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  bands_NNS  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  obtain_VV0  ,_,  under_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  approximation_NN  by_IO  using_VBG  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  only_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  interested_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  denote_VV0  by_IO  b*;k**;(r)_&FO  .  
  we_PPIS2  then_RL  have_VH0  for_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  ps_ZZ1  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  11.2.1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Wannier_NP  functions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  expansion_NN  given_VBN  in_IO  equation_NN  (_(  12_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  easily_RR  interpreted_VBN  physically_RR  if_CS  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  coefficients_NNS  A*;n**;(k)_&FO  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  accurate_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  representing_VBG  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  electron_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  perturbing_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  force_NN  .  
  to_TO  overcome_VV0  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  Wannier_NP  (_(  \0loc_NN  \0cit_JJ  )_)  introduced_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  wave_NN  functions_NNS  ,_,  derived_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  wave_NN  functions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  the_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  localised_JJ  .  
  consider_VV0  the_AT1  wave_NN  function_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS the_AT1  constants_NNS  a*;n**;_&FO  are_VBR  at_IO  our_APP$  disposal_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sum_NN  being_VBG  taken_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  N_ZZ1  allowed_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  k_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  unit_NN  cell_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  we_PPIS2  may_VM  choose_VV0  the_AT1  constants_NNS  a*;n**;_&FO  to_TO  make_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  functions_NNS  b*;n**;(k)_&FO  add_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  are_VBR  normalised_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  volume_NN  V_ZZ1  containing_VBG  N_ZZ1  unit_NN  cells_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  seen_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  orthogonal_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  phase_NN  term_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  use_VV0  the_AT1  constants_NNS  a*;n**;_&FO  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  \0exp_&FO  (_(  ib*;n**;_&FO  )_)  to_TO  take_VV0  out_RP  this_DD1  phase_NN  term_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  we_PPIS2  may_VM  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Bloch_NP  functions_NNS  are_VBR  so_RR  defined_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  add_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  contribution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  unit_NN  cell_NN  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  take_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  for_IO  all_DB  values_NNS  of_IO  n_ZZ1  .  
  all_DB  stages_NNS  of_IO  Calanus_&FW  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  seem_VV0  to_TO  migrate_VV0  on_IO  some_DD  occasions_NNS  while_CS  any_DD  stage_NN  may_VM  not_XX  on_IO  others_DA2  .  
  such_DA  data_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  be_VB0  rationalized_VBN  .  
  where_CS information_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  extensive_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  some_DD  regularity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  observations_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  in_IO  Euphausia_&FW  superba_&FW  from_IO  the_AT1  Antarctic_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  metanauplii_NNS  remain_VV0  in_IO  deep_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  later_JJ  larval_JJ  stages_NNS  migrate_VV0  diurnally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  adolescents_NNS  stay_VV0  permanently_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  the_AT1  migrating_JJ  stages_NNS  all_DB  come_VV0  from_IO  100-250_MC-MC  meters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  arrival_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  is_VBZ  directly_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  swimming_NN  capacity_NN  :_:  3rd_MD  (_(  oldest_JJT  )_)  calyptopis_NN  from_IO  1800-2200_MC-MC  \0hr_NNU  ;_;  2nd_MD  ,_,  from_IO  2200-0200_MC-MC  \0hr_NNU  ;_;  and_CC  1st_MD  ,_,  from_IO  0200-0600_MC-MC  \0hr_NNU  .  
  similar_JJ  ontogenetic_JJ  differences_NNS  are_VBR  apparent_JJ  in_IO  Bosmina_&FW  coregoni_&FW  whose_PNQV$  adults_NNS  remain_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  migrate_VV0  to_IO  and_CC  from_IO  a_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  50_MC  meters_NNS  .  
  such_DA  permanent_JJ  occurrence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  could_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  the_AT1  extreme_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  variable_JJ  day_NN  depth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  day_NN  depths_NNS  upon_IO  the_AT1  surfacing_NN  of_IO  various_JJ  animals_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reviewed_VBN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  c_ZZ1  .  
  anomalies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  variability_NN  of_IO  migrational_JJ  behavior_NN  ,_,  some_DD  kinds_NNS  of_IO  anomalies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  recognized_VBN  .  
  vertical_JJ  movement_NN  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  forms_NNS  apparently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  manner_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  commonly_RR  met_VBN  .  
  such_DA  reversed_JJ  migrations_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  for_IO  Acartia_&FW  clausi_&FW  ,_,  \0A_&FW  longiremis_&FW  ,_,  Nyctiphanes_&FW  couchii_&FW  ,_,  Evadne_&FW  \0sp_&FW  ,_,  Oithona_&FW  nana_&FW  ,_,  Daphnia_&FW  lumholzi_&FW  ,_,  stages_NNS  4_MC  ,_,  5_MC  ,_,  and_CC  adult_NN  of_IO  Calanus_&FW  finmarchicus_&FW  ,_,  Diaptomus_&FW  banforanus_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  Cyclops_&FW  bicuspidatus_&FW  .  
  an_AT1  echo-producing_JJ  layer_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  authors_NNS  think_VV0  probably_RR  consists_VBZ  of_IO  euphausiids_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  described_VBN  as_CS  ,_,  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  regularly_RR  moving_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  reverse_JJ  manner_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  records_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  substantiated_VBN  and_CC  involve_VV0  whole_JJ  populations_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  aberrant_JJ  individuals_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  normal_JJ  movements_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  reported_VBN  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  species_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  five_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  examples_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  other_DA  species_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  genera_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  Evadne_&FW  ,_,  Daphnia_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  Diaptomus_&FW  .  
  many_DA  forms_NNS  sometimes_RR  migrate_VV0  and_CC  on_IO  other_DA  occasions_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  a_DA  few_DA  appear_VV0  to_TO  remain_VV0  permanently_RR  at_IO  one_MC1  level_NN  .  
  considering_IO  the_AT1  widespread_JJ  incidence_NN  of_IO  migration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  groups_NNS  concerned_VBN  ,_,  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_CS  anomalous_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  clearly_RR  substantiated_VBN  case_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  copepod_NN  Anomalocera_&FW  patersoni_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  remains_VBZ  permanently_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  among_IO  other_DA  copepods_NNS  Rhincalanus_&FW  gigas_&FW  ,_,  Calanoides_&FW  acutus_&FW  ,_,  Microcalanus_&FW  pygmaeus_&FW  ,_,  Oithona_&FW  frigida_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  Centropages_&FW  typicus_&FW  are_VBR  all_DB  reported_VBN  as_CS  showing_VBG  no_AT1  migration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  predaceous_JJ  cladoceran_NN  Bythotrephes_&FW  longimanus_&FW  also_RR  remains_VBZ  at_IO  one_MC1  level_NN  ,_,  about_RR  10_MC  meters_NNS  down_RP  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  well-known_JJ  normal_JJ  migration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  Calanus_&FW  finmarchicus_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  in_IO  bright_JJ  sunlight_NN  may_VM  justly_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  anomalous_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  phenomenon_NN  has_VHZ  nevertheless_RR  been_VBN  recorded_VBN  many_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  surface_NN  Calanus_&FW  may_VM  be_VB0  present_JJ  in_IO  enormous_JJ  numbers_NNS  ,_,  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  surface_NN  into_IO  small_JJ  circular_JJ  ripples_VBZ  like_IO  raindrops_NNS  .  
  observed_VBN  underwater_RR  ,_,  two_MC  zones_NNS  of_IO  differing_JJ  behavior_NN  were_VBDR  recognized_VBN  :_:  an_AT1  upper_JB  one_MC1  about_RR  30_MC  \0cm_NNU  in_IO  depth_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Calanus_&FW  swam_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  repeatedly_RR  ,_,  frequently_RR  bumping_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  undersurface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  lower_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  indeterminate_JJ  depth_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  animals_NNS  swam_VVD  directly_RR  up_RP  or_CC  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  interchange_NN  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  in_IO  deeper_JJ  water_NN  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  group_NN  whose_PNQV$  normal_JJ  vertical_JJ  migration_NN  is_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  well_RR  known_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  daytime_NN  occurrence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  rank_VV0  as_CS  anomalous_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Euphausiacea_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  numerous_JJ  records_NNS  of_IO  euphausiids_NNS  swimming_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  in_IO  bright_JJ  sunshine_NN  ,_,  with_IO  particular_JJ  mention_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  shoaling_NN  behavior_NN  under_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  mechanisms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  vertical_JJ  migrations_NNS  undoubtedly_RR  result_VV0  from_IO  active_JJ  swimming_NN  although_CS  passive_JJ  movement_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  on_IO  various_JJ  grounds_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  transport_NN  in_IO  vertical_JJ  currents_NNS  resulting_VBG  from_IO  temperature_NN  differences_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  proposed_VBN  ;_;  differences_NNS  in_IO  water_NN  viscosity_NN  after_IO  temperature_NN  changes_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  passive_JJ  movement_NN  could_VM  possibly_RR  result_VV0  from_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  specific_JJ  gravity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  animals_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  feeding_NN  .  
  any_DD  or_CC  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  mechanisms_NNS  might_VM  apply_VV0  under_IO  particular_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  evidence_NN  in_IO  favor_NN  of_IO  active_JJ  swimming_NN  is_VBZ  overwhelming_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  deep-living_JJ  Calanus_&FW  may_VM  even_RR  keep_VV0  its_APP$  level_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  arctic_JJ  night_NN  by_IO  active_JJ  migration_NN  against_IO  such_DA  vertical_JJ  water_NN  movements_NNS  as_CS  do_VD0  occur_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  rapidity_NN  of_IO  some_DD  vertical_JJ  movements_NNS  has_VHZ  led_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  supposition_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  animals_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  passive_JJ  assistance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  measurements_NNS  of_IO  swimming_NN  speeds_NNS  prove_VV0  that_CS  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  extensive_JJ  and_CC  rapid_JJ  vertical_JJ  movement_NN  is_VBZ  within_IO  the_AT1  capabilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  animals_NNS  performing_VBG  it_PPH1  (_(  table_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  evidence_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  presented_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  supposed_JJ  randomness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  plankton_NN  animals_NNS  .  
  if_CS  valid_JJ  ,_,  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  migrations_NNS  involve_VV0  kineses_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  taxes_NNS  (_(  chapter_NN  10_MC  )_)  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  data_NNS  cited_VBN  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  idea_NN  comprise_VV0  without_IO  exception_NN  observations_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  .  
  a_AT1  kinesis_NN  resulting_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  upward_JB  movement_NN  by_IO  Daphnia_&FW  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  demonstrated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  at_IO  particularly_RR  low_JJ  light_NN  intensities_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  otherwise_RR  swimming_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  was_VBDZ  directional_JJ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  source_NN  .  
  such_DA  observations_NNS  as_CS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  indicate_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  predominant_JJ  movement_NN  of_IO  copepods_NNS  is_VBZ  directional_JJ  .  
  although_CS  a_AT1  random_JJ  movement_NN  may_VM  occur_VV0  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  results_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  restriction_NN  imposed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  boundary_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  speeds_NNS  of_IO  ascent_NN  calculated_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  forms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  make_VV0  it_PPH1  further_RRR  improbable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  ascent_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  kinesis_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  directional_JJ  taxis_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  more_RG  probable_JJ  .  
  downward_JB  movement_NN  may_VM  in_IO  some_DD  forms_NNS  start_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  passive_JJ  sinking_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  occurs_VBZ  before_IO  dawn_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  must_VM  almost_RR  certainly_RR  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  headfirst_JB  downward_JB  swimming_NN  observed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  initiating_JJ  ,_,  controlling_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  orienting_JJ  factors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  primary_JJ  dependence_NN  of_IO  diurnal_JJ  migrations_NNS  upon_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  light_NN  intensity_NN  is_VBZ  beyond_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  a_AT1  great_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  causal_JJ  relationship_NN  remains_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  confused_JJ  complexity_NN  .  
  Loeb_NP  first_RR  suggested_VVD  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  light_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  governing_JJ  factor_NN  but_CCB  combined_VVD  its_APP$  influence_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  gravity_NN  .  
  later_JJ  authors_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  Rose_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  proposed_VBN  that_CS  light_NN  alone_RR  can_VM  provide_VV0  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  mechanism_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  animals_NNS  have_VH0  ,_,  and_CC  select_VV0  by_IO  exploration_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  zone_NN  of_IO  optimum_JJ  light_NN  intensity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  view_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  enlarged_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  both_DB2  phototaxes_NNS  and_CC  geotaxes_NNS  may_VM  play_VV0  a_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  keeping_VBG  animals_NNS  near_IO  their_APP$  optimum_NN  .  
  experimental_JJ  work_NN  largely_RR  performed_VBN  on_IO  Calanus_&FW  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  failed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  clear_JJ  the_AT1  relative_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  light_NN  and_CC  gravity_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  .  
  a_AT1  plankton_NN  population_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  glass_NN  tubes_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  depth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  resolves_VBZ  itself_PPX1  into_IO  two_MC  components_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  swimming_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  proportion_NN  swimming_VBG  up_RP  increases_VBZ  with_IO  increasing_JJ  depth_NN  .  
  experiments_NNS  using_VBG  light_NN  reflected_VBN  up_RP  against_IO  gravity_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  here_RL  the_AT1  reaction_NN  to_IO  light_NN  predominates_VBZ  .  
  yet_RR  other_DA  experiments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  population_NN  still_RR  segregated_VVD  into_IO  one_MC1  group_NN  swimming_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  another_DD1  swimming_VBG  down_RP  .  
  Hardy_NP  and_CC  Bainbridge_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  confusing_JJ  experimental_JJ  factor_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  vertical_JJ  range_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  plankton_NN  wheel_NN  .  
  their_APP$  tentative_JJ  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  upward_JB  migration_NN  is_VBZ  generally_RR  a_AT1  positive_JJ  movement_NN  toward_IO  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  light_NN  intensities_NNS  .  
  little_DA  upward_JB  movement_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  blacking_VBG  out_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  except_CS  with_IO  Daphnia_&FW  .  
  their_APP$  results_NNS  leave_VV0  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  downward_JB  migration_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  sinking_VBG  as_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inhibition_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  but_CCB  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  ,_,  rapid_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  direct_JJ  downward_JB  swimming_NN  away_RP  from_IO  light_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complete_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  light_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  generally_RR  result_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  downward_JB  sinking_NN  but_CCB  rather_RR  in_IO  station-keeping_NN  maintained_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  characteristic_JJ  hop-and-sink_JB  behavior_NN  comprising_VBG  alternate_JJ  phases_NNS  of_IO  upward_JB  swimming_NN  and_CC  downward_JB  sinking_NN  .  
  in_IO  Daphnia_&FW  ,_,  migratory_JJ  behavior_NN  results_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  interaction_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  phototactic_JJ  and_CC  geotactic_JJ  responses_NNS  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  phototactic_JJ  movement_NN  is_VBZ  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  the_AT1  postural_JJ  angle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  antenna_NN  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  orientation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  a_AT1  reversible_JJ  photochemical_JJ  system_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  proposed_VBN  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  photic_JJ  responses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  requires_VBZ  a_AT1  minimal_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  in_IO  light_NN  intensity_NN  to_TO  induce_VV0  response_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  rates_NNS  of_IO  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  low_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  .  
  an_AT1  important_JJ  experimental_JJ  advance_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  Harris_NP  and_CC  Wolfe_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS studied_VVD  the_AT1  behavior_NN  of_IO  Daphnia_&FW  magna_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  tank_NN  filled_VBN  with_IO  India_NP  ink_NN  suspension_NN  and_CC  illuminated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  light_NN  of_IO  variable_JJ  intensity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  technique_NN  has_VHZ  allowed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  sufficient_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  intensity_NN  over_IO  limited_JJ  distances_NNS  for_IO  dependent_JJ  behavioral_JJ  changes_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  .  
  despite_IO  a_AT1  compressed_JJ  time_NN  scale_NN  these_DD2  authors_NNS  have_VH0  obtained_VBN  an_AT1  extraordinarily_RR  close_JJ  simulation_NN  of_IO  migratory_JJ  behavior_NN  in_IO  nature_NN  .  
  a_AT1  complete_JJ  cycle_NN  of_IO  vertical_JJ  migration_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  demonstrated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  vessel_NN  30_MC  \0cm_NNU  high_JJ  .  
  as_IO  well_II  as_II  strong_JJ  naturally-characteristic_JB  individual_JJ  variations_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  midnight_NN  sinking_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dawn_NN  rise_NN  .  
  at_IO  high_JJ  light_NN  intensities_NNS  the_AT1  animals_NNS  keep_VV0  station_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  optimum_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  vertical_JJ  hop-and-sink_JB  behavior_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  confirms_VBZ  earlier_JJ  observations_NNS  on_IO  station-keeping_NN  in_IO  Balanus_&FW  nauplii_&FW  .  
  at_IO  low_JJ  light_NN  intensities_NNS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  kinetic_JJ  response_NN  independent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  direction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dawn_NN  rise_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  manifestation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  in_IO  complete_JJ  darkness_NN  all_DB  movement_NN  is_VBZ  inhibited_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  sinking_NN  results_VBZ  .  
  Harris_NP  and_CC  Wolfe_NP  stress_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sensory_JJ  adaptation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  photoreceptor_NN  system_NN  when_CS interpreting_VBG  their_APP$  results_NNS  and_CC  suggest_VV0  that_CS  animals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  could_VM  follow_VV0  prolonged_JJ  slight_JJ  changes_NNS  without_IO  being_VBG  affected_VBN  by_IO  rapid_JJ  large_JJ  changes_NNS  .  
  in_IO  imposing_JJ  directionality_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  vertically_RR  migrating_JJ  animals_NNS  ,_,  gravity_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  second_MD  only_RR  to_IO  light_NN  .  
  preoccupation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  kinetic_JJ  movement_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  overemphasis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  midnight_NN  sinking_NN  have_VH0  led_VBN  some_DD  authors_NNS  to_TO  dismiss_VV0  gravity_NN  as_CS  of_IO  no_AT1  consequence_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  in_IO  fact_NN  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  importance_NN  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  .  
  Parker_NP  first_RR  proposed_VVD    geotropism_NN    as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  factors_NNS  in_IO  vertical_JJ  migration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  have_VH0  since_II  been_VBN  enlarged_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  authors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  continued_JJ  ascent_NN  of_IO  crustaceans_NNS  in_IO  total_JJ  darkness_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  substantiated_VBN  in_IO  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  instances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  evidence_NN  showing_VBG  Calanus_&FW  keeping_VBG  station_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  and_CC  Daphnia_&FW  ascending_VBG  ,_,  strongly_RR  imply_VV0  an_AT1  orientation_NN  dependent_NN  upon_IO  gravity_NN  .  
  pressure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  as_CS  having_VHG  some_DD  influence_NN  upon_IO  migration_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  of_IO  Calanus_&FW  .  
  but_CCB  experiments_NNS  expressly_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  test_VV0  this_DD1  have_VH0  not_XX  revealed_VBN  any_DD  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  behavior_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  species_NN  under_IO  pressures_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  20_MC  meters_NNS  depth_NN  .  
  striking_JJ  results_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  with_IO  zoea_NN  and_CC  megalopa_NN  stages_NNS  of_IO  Portunus_&FW  and_CC  Carcinus_&FW  .  
  a_AT1  high_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  swam_VVD  up_RP  for_IO  periods_NNS  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  3_MC  \0hr_NNU  when_CS subjected_VBN  to_IO  pressures_NNS  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  5_MC  ,_,  10_MC  ,_,  15_MC  ,_,  and_CC  20_MC  meters_NNS  depth_NN  .  
  these_DD2  findings_NNS  have_VH0  since_II  been_VBN  confirmed_VBN  in_IO  studies_NNS  of_IO  Acartia_&FW  and_CC  Centropages_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  megalopas_NNS  of_IO  Carcinus_&FW  maenas_&FW  and_CC  Galathea_&FW  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  adults_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  copepod_NN  Caligus_&FW  rapax_&FW  ,_,  still_RR  without_IO  any_DD  success_NN  in_IO  eliciting_VBG  a_AT1  response_NN  from_IO  Calanus_&FW  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  as_RR  yet_RR  no_AT1  morphological_JJ  evidence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  pressure-sensitive_JJ  organ_NN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  forms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  perception_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  uncertain_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  unequivocal_JJ  demonstration_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sensitivity_NN  to_IO  pressure_NN  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  deep-migrating_JJ  copepods_NNS  or_CC  decapods_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  vertical_JJ  migration_NN  .  
  but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  light_NN  must_VM  remain_VV0  the_AT1  chief_JB  factor_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  forms_NNS  may_VM  gauge_VV0  depth_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  evidence_NN  that_CS  phytoplankton_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  migration_NN  of_IO  crustacean_JJ  zooplankton_NN  .  
  Hardy_NP  first_RR  laid_VVD  real_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  possibility_NN  .  
  observations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  inverse_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  plants_NNS  and_CC  animals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  suggested_VVD  that_CS  many_DA  forms_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  prevented_VBN  from_IO  coming_VBG  up_RP  or_CC  must_VM  come_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  concentrations_NNS  of_IO  phytoplankton_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  evidence_NN  possibly_RR  supporting_VBG  this_DD1  idea_NN  although_CS  this_DD1  relates_VBZ  only_RR  to_IO  horizontal_JJ  movement_NN  ;_;  on_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  metabolites_NNS  as_CS  affecting_VBG  animal-plant_JB  relationships_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  developed_VBN  by_IO  Lucas_NP  .  
  but_CCB  later_JJ  laboratory_NN  experiments_NNS  indicate_VV0  that_CS  greater_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  Calanus_&FW  swim_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  and_CC  mixed_JJ  phytoplankton_NN  cultures_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  unenriched_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  only_RR  one_MC1  culture_NN  ,_,  of_IO  Chlorella_&FW  ,_,  depressing_VBG  the_AT1  number_NN  swimming_VBG  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  underlying_VBG  this_DD1  increase_NN  in_IO  upward_JB  migration_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  investigated_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  probably_RR  reduction_NN  in_IO  light_NN  intensity_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  cells_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  factor_NN  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  instances_NNS  this_DD1  might_VM  however_RR  be_VB0  effective_JJ  :_:  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  blue-green_JJ  algae_NNS  in_IO  Lake_NNL1  Windermere_NP  may_VM  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  intensity_NN  at_IO  4.3_MC  meters_NNS  by_IO  more_DA  than_IO  50_MC  %_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  must_VM  surely_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  responses_NNS  of_IO  animals_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  resulted_VBN  in_IO  units_NNS  of_IO  much_RR  lighter_JJ  weight_NN  than_CS  could_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  with_IO  tubular_JJ  constructions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  industry_NN  brought_VVD  even_RR  greater_JJ  emphasis_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  lightweight_JJ  compact_JJ  heat_NN  exchangers_NNS  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  1930's_MC2  ,_,  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  surface_NN  plate-and-corrugation_JB  construction_NN  became_VVD  established_VBN  for_IO  aero-engine_JB  radiators_NNS  ,_,  using_VBG  dip-soldered_JJ  copper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  and_CC  engine-coolant_JB  passages_NNS  were_VBDR  separated_VBN  by_IO  flat_JJ  plates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  passages_NNS  were_VBDR  packed_VBN  with_IO  corrugated_JJ  foil_NN  bonded_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  plates_NNS  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  surface_NN  area_NN  for_IO  heat_NN  transfer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  narrower_JJ  coolant_NN  passages_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  packed_VBN  with_IO  foil_NN  ,_,  chiefly_RR  to_TO  provide_VV0  sufficient_JJ  support_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  plates_NNS  to_TO  withstand_VV0  the_AT1  coolant_NN  pressure_NN  loadings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aluminium_NN  alloy_NN  dip-brazing_NN  process_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  1940's_MC2  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  taken_VBN  up_RP  for_IO  aircraft_NN  heat_NN  exchangers_NNS  and_CC  led_VVD  to_IO  substantial_JJ  weight_NN  reductions_NNS  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  copper_JJ  construction_NN  .  
  this_DD1  development_NN  coincided_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  pressurized_JJ  aircraft_NN  cabins_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  air-to-air_JB  cabin_NN  coolers_NNS  .  
  although_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  the_AT1  heat_NN  transfer_NN  coefficients_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  were_VBDR  of_IO  comparable_JJ  magnitude_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  secondary_JJ  surface_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  attractive_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  area_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  of_IO  fins_NNS  only_RR  0.006_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  0.15_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  thick_JJ  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  developments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  detail_NN  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fins_NNS  made_VVD  possible_JJ  a_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  surface_NN  area_NN  required_VVD  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  smooth_JJ  continuous_JJ  passages_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  thermal_JJ  duty_NN  and_CC  pressure_NN  losses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  properties_NNS  of_IO  compact_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  low_JJ  weight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  design_NN  flexibility_NN  thus_RR  developed_VVD  found_VVD  ready_JJ  application_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  larger_JJ  scale_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  tonnage_NN  scale_NN  air_NN  separation_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  2.1_MC  .  
  methods_NNS  of_IO  construction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  basic_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  construction_NN  is_VBZ  both_DB2  simple_JJ  and_CC  extremely_RR  flexible_JJ  .  
  figure_NN  3_MC  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  passage_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  in_IO  length_NN  and_CC  width_NN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  limit_NN  of_IO  manufacturing_JJ  equipment_NN  available_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  corrugation_NN  is_VBZ  machine-formed_JJ  ,_,  thus_RR  ensuring_VBG  a_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  of_IO  uniformity_NN  in_IO  height_NN  and_CC  fin_NN  pitch_NN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  such_DA  passages_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  combined_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  either_LE  a_AT1  cross_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  countercurrent_JJ  flow_NN  formation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  figures_NNS  4_MC  and_CC  5_MC  .  
  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  type_NN  of_IO  corrugation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  varied_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  to_TO  suit_VV0  the_AT1  operating_NN  requirements_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  layout_NN  with_IO  minimum_JJ  block_NN  volume_NN  and_CC  weight_NN  .  
  typical_JJ  corrugations_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  flow_NN  patterns_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  further_RRR  developed_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  multi-pass_JB  or_CC  multi-stream_JB  arrangements_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  inclusion_NN  of_IO  suitable_JJ  internal_JJ  seals_NNS  and_CC  distributors_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  fitting_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  header_NN  tanks_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  indicated_VBN  in_IO  figures_NNS  7-10_MC-MC  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  cross-flow_NN  layout_NN  in_IO  figure_NN  7_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  corrugations_NNS  extend_VV0  throughout_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  length_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  set_NN  of_IO  passages_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  internal_JJ  distributors_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  construction_NN  is_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  temperature_NN  range_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  exceed_VV0  about_RR  one-half_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  inlet_NN  stream_NN  temperatures_NNS  or_CC  ,_,  more_RG  generally_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  effective_JJ  mean_JJ  temperature_NN  difference_NN  in_IO  cross-flow_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  significantly_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  logarithmic_JJ  mean_JJ  temperature_NN  difference_NN  for_IO  countercurrent_JJ  flow_NN  .  
  on_IO  low_JJ  temperature_NN  plants_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  construction_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  useful_JJ  for_IO  liquefiers_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  temperature_NN  changes_VBZ  little_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  condensing_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS a_AT1  large_JJ  throughput_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  pressure_NN  gas_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  warming_JJ  stream_NN  calls_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  cross-section_NN  and_CC  short_JJ  passage_NN  length_NN  .  
  for_IO  higher_JJ  duties_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  temperature_NN  ranges_NNS  in_IO  both_DB2  streams_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  or_CC  90_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  inlet_NN  temperature_NN  difference_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  advantageous_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  multi-pass_JB  cross-countercurrent_JB  arrangement_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  8_MC  .  
  stream_NN  A_ZZ1  flows_VBZ  straight_RR  through_RP  ,_,  while_CS  stream_NN  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  guided_VBN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  internal_JJ  seals_NNS  and_CC  external_JJ  tanks_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  required_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  passes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  unit_NN  may_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_CS  comprising_VBG  several_DA  cross-flow_NN  sections_NNS  ,_,  assembled_VBN  in_IO  counter-formation_NN  ,_,  such_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  effective_JJ  mean_JJ  temperature_NN  difference_NN  approaches_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  closely_RR  to_IO  countercurrent_JJ  than_CS  to_IO  cross-flow_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  construction_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  gas-gas_JB  and_CC  gas-liquid_JB  applications_NNS  .  
  when_CS very_RG  high_JJ  thermal_JJ  efficiencies_NNS  of_IO  ,_,  say_UH  ,_,  95-98_MC-MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  are_VBR  required_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  pure_JJ  countercurrent_JJ  formation_NN  is_VBZ  invariably_RR  adopted_VBN  .  
  typical_JJ  layouts_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  figures_NNS  9_MC  and_CC  10_MC  .  
  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  headering_NN  is_VBZ  governed_VBN  by_IO  several_DA  considerations_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  operating_NN  pressures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  separate_JJ  streams_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  reversing_JJ  duty_NN  is_VBZ  included_VBN  .  
  figure_NN  9_MC  shows_VBZ  an_AT1  arrangement_NN  suitable_JJ  for_IO  two-stream_JB  steady_JJ  duty_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  stream_NN  A_ZZ1  is_VBZ  at_IO  comparatively_RR  low_JJ  pressure_NN  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  solution_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  10_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  if_CS  streams_NNS  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  are_VBR  reversed_VBN  periodically_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  geometry_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  streams_NNS  being_VBG  symmetrical_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  constant_JJ  flow_NN  characteristics_NNS  .  
  additional_JJ  steady_JJ  streams_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  included_VBN  as_IO  C_ZZ1  ,_,  D_ZZ1  ,_,  or_CC  E_ZZ1  to_TO  suit_VV0  requirements_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  arrangement_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  used_VBN  when_CS dealing_VBG  with_IO  high_JJ  pressure_NN  streams_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  channels_NNS  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  countercurrent_NN  flow_NN  units_NNS  ,_,  suitable_JJ  distributors_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  provided_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  regions_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  is_VBZ  spread_VBN  uniformly_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  width_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  layer_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  zone_NN  .  
  this_DD1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  not_XX  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  performance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  on_IO  manufacturing_NN  and_CC  mechanical_JJ  strength_NN  considerations_NNS  .  
  further_JB  details_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  later_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  review_NN  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  varying_VBG  the_AT1  geometry_NN  and_CC  type_NN  of_IO  corrugation_NN  in_IO  different_JJ  layers_NNS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  .  
  for_IO  industrial_JJ  applications_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  corrugation_NN  normally_RR  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  0.15-0.47_MC-MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  3.8-12_MC-MC  \0mm_NNU  \0approx_RR  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  thickness_NN  varies_VBZ  from_IO  0.008_MC  to_IO  0.015_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  0.2_MC  to_IO  0.38_MC  \0mm_NNU  \0approx_RR  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fin_NN  pitching_NN  varies_VBZ  from_IO  10_MC  to_IO  15_MC  or_CC  18_MC  fins_NNS  per_IO  inch_NN  (_(  3.9_MC  to_IO  5.9_MC  or_CC  7.1_MC  fins_NNS  per_IO  centimetre_NN  )_)  depending_VBG  upon_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  corrugation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  total_JJ  surface_NN  areas_NNS  lie_VV0  from_IO  about_RR  300_MC  to_IO  450_MC  square_JJ  feet_NNS  per_IO  cubic_JJ  foot_NN  of_IO  block_NN  volume_NN  (_(  1,000_MC  to_IO  1,500_MC  square_JJ  metres_NNS  per_IO  cubic_JJ  metre_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  free_JJ  cross-sectional_JJ  area_NN  ratios_NNS  lie_VV0  between_IO  0.70_MC  and_CC  0.80_MC  .  
  both_DB2  the_AT1  surface_NN  area_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  free_JJ  cross-sectional_JJ  area_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  suitably_RR  divided_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  streams_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  two-stream_JB  gas-gas_JB  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  stream_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  surface_NN  area_NN  of_IO  about_RR  200_MC  square_JJ  feet_NNS  per_IO  cubic_JJ  foot_NN  of_IO  total_JJ  block_NN  volume_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  cross-section_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  about_RR  0.4_MC  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  gas-liquid_JB  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  gas_NN  stream_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  surface_NN  area_NN  of_IO  about_RR  300_MC  square_JJ  feet_NNS  per_IO  cubic_JJ  foot_NN  of_IO  total_JJ  block_NN  volume_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  cross-section_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  about_RR  0.6_MC  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  taller_JJ  corrugations_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  for_IO  gas_NN  streams_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  those_DD2  at_IO  0.15_MC  \0in_NNU  to_IO  0.25_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  are_VBR  used_VBN  for_IO  liquid_JJ  streams_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  condenser-reboilers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  plain_JJ  continuous_JJ  corrugations_NNS  is_VBZ  chiefly_RR  limited_VBN  to_IO  condenser-reboiler_NN  use_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  cases_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  free_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  contaminating_JJ  solids_NNS  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  .  
  for_IO  most_DA  other_DA  applications_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  surface_NN  area_NN  and_CC  block_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  can_VM  be_VB0  achieved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  more_RG  complex_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  corrugation_NN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  herringbone_NN  and_CC  multi-entry_JB  patterns_NNS  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  6_MC  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  discussed_VBN  in_IO  more_DA  detail_NN  in_IO  later_JJ  sections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchangers_NNS  involves_VBZ  several_DA  distinct_JJ  stages_NNS  ,_,  beginning_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  and_CC  dip-brazing_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  blocks_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  tube_NN  plates_NNS  ,_,  corrugations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  edge-seals_NNS  only_RR  .  
  each_DD1  block_NN  is_VBZ  thoroughly_RR  cleaned_VBN  after_IO  brazing_NN  and_CC  subjected_VBN  to_IO  preliminary_JJ  leak_NN  tests_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  fitting_NN  of_IO  header_NN  tanks_NNS  by_IO  argon-arc_JB  welding_NN  .  
  the_AT1  block_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  tested_VBN  hydraulically_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  full_JJ  design_NN  test_NN  pressure_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  separately_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  multiple_JJ  assemblies_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  block_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  submitted_VBN  to_IO  flow_NN  tests_NNS  on_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  selective_JJ  assembly_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  uniformly_RR  balanced_JJ  flow_NN  distribution_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  assembly_NN  .  
  figure_NN  11_MC  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  typical_JJ  two-stream_JB  countercurrent_JJ  block_NN  during_IO  manufacture_NN  ,_,  with_IO  header_NN  tanks_NNS  fitted_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  stream_NN  only_RR  .  On_NP  completion_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  block_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  suitable_JJ  for_IO  either_LE  steady_JJ  or_CC  reversing_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  with_IO  existing_JJ  brazing_JJ  equipment_NN  ,_,  individual_JJ  blocks_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  9_MC  \0ft_NNU  (_(  2.75_MC  \0m_NNU  )_)  long_JJ  with_IO  an_AT1  overall_JB  cross-section_NN  of_IO  17_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  21_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  0.43_MC  \0m_NNU  x_IO  0.53_MC  \0m_NNU  )_)  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  total_JJ  block_NN  volume_NN  of_IO  about_RR  22_MC  \0ft*:3**:_NNU  (_(  0.62_MC  \0m*:3**:_NNU  )_)  .  
  by_IO  means_II  of_II  appropriate_JJ  manifolding_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  such_DA  blocks_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  assembled_VBN  together_RR  either_LE  in_IO  series_NN  or_CC  in_IO  parallel_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  requirements_NNS  .  
  two_MC  blocks_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  arrangement_NN  in_IO  figure_NN  12_MC  and_CC  sixteen_MC  blocks_NNS  in_IO  parallel_NN  in_IO  figure_NN  13_MC  .  
  a_AT1  more_RG  complex_JJ  arrangement_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  14_MC  .  
  this_DD1  assembly_NN  contains_VBZ  three_MC  separate_JJ  heat_NN  exchangers_NNS  through_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  stream_NN  is_VBZ  common_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  pressure_NN  side_NN  ,_,  while_CS  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  pressure_NN  streams_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  parallel_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  third_MD  high_JJ  pressure_NN  stream_NN  in_IO  series_NN  .  
  this_DD1  complete_JJ  assembly_NN  is_VBZ  welded_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  single_JJ  unit_NN  with_IO  flanged_JJ  main_JB  connections_NNS  and_CC  vents_NNS  only_RR  .  
  for_IO  multiple_JJ  arrays_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  preferred_VBN  to_TO  assemble_VV0  together_RR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  blocks_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  weld_VV0  up_RP  all_DB  the_AT1  interconnecting_JJ  pipework_NN  and_CC  manifolding_NN  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  limit_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  flanged_JJ  joints_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  if_CS  aluminium_NN  pipework_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  the_AT1  flanged_JJ  joints_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  eliminated_VBN  completely_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchangers_NNS  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  pipework_NN  by_IO  site-welding_NN  .  
  for_IO  very_RG  large_JJ  assemblies_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  split_VV0  the_AT1  design_NN  into_IO  several_DA  separate_JJ  sub-assemblies_NNS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  transport_NN  and_CC  installation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  connect_VV0  these_DD2  together_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  erection_NN  stage_NN  either_LE  by_IO  site-welding_NN  or_CC  by_IO  flanged_JJ  joints_NNS  .  
  2.2_MC  .  
  mechanical_JJ  design_NN  .  
  mechanical_JJ  design_NN  aspects_NNS  must_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  ,_,  since_CS  these_DD2  may_VM  well_RR  influence_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  layout_NN  and_CC  internal_JJ  construction_NN  and_CC  so_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  for_IO  performance_NN  assessment_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  operating_NN  pressures_NNS  and_CC  conditions_NNS  required_VBN  ,_,  two_MC  major_JJ  factors_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  internal_JJ  pressure_NN  loading_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  corrugations_NNS  and_CC  associated_JJ  brazed_JJ  joints_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  header_NN  tanks_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  any_DD  external_JJ  pipework_NN  loadings_NNS  .  
  for_IO  low-to-medium_JB  steady_JJ  operating_NN  pressures_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  0-100_MC-MC  \0lb_NNU  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  (_(  gauge_NN  )_)  (_(  1-8_MC-MC  \0kg_NNU  /_IO  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  (_(  \0abs_JJ  )_)  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  design_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  generally_RR  present_VV0  any_DD  serious_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  for_IO  higher_JJ  pressures_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  reversing_NN  duty_NN  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  design_NN  requirements_NNS  become_VV0  of_IO  increasing_JJ  importance_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  arrangement_NN  of_IO  header_NN  tanks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  internal_JJ  plate_NN  and_CC  corrugation_NN  construction_NN  is_VBZ  adequate_JJ  for_IO  static_JJ  test_NN  pressures_NNS  at_IO  room_NN  temperature_NN  of_IO  600-1,000_MC-MC  \0lb_NNU  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  (_(  gauge_NN  )_)  (_(  42-70_MC-MC  \0kg_NNU  /_IO  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  (_(  \0abs_JJ  )_)  )_)  ,_,  depending_VBG  upon_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  and_CC  thickness_NN  of_IO  corrugation_NN  .  
  for_IO  low_JJ  temperature_NN  applications_NNS  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  rated_JJ  maximum_JJ  operating_NN  pressures_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  250-450_MC-MC  \0lb_NNU  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  (_(  gauge_NN  )_)  for_IO  steady_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  125-225_MC-MC  \0lb_NNU  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  (_(  gauge_NN  )_)  for_IO  reversing_NN  applications_NNS  .  
  for_IO  such_DA  pressures_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  limit_VV0  the_AT1  span_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  header_NN  tanks_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  excessive_JJ  peripheral_JJ  loadings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  of_IO  attachment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  block_NN  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  either_LE  that_CS  the_AT1  block_NN  cross-section_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  small_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  small_JJ  tanks_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  10_MC  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  fitted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  alternative_NN  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  suitable_JJ  for_IO  reversing_NN  applications_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  large_JJ  scale_NN  steady_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  internal_JJ  distributors_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  spread_VV0  the_AT1  flow_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  width_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  passage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  must_VM  be_VB0  adequate_JJ  to_TO  withstand_VV0  the_AT1  internal_JJ  pressure_NN  loadings_NNS  .  
  when_CS considering_VBG  the_AT1  installation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  assembly_NN  for_IO  low_JJ  temperature_NN  service_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  consideration_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  thermal_JJ  contractions_NNS  both_DB2  in_IO  normal_JJ  service_NN  and_CC  under_IO  any_DD  abnormal_JJ  circumstances_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  arise_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  mounting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  external_JJ  pipework_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  sufficiently_RR  flexible_JJ  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  such_DA  movements_NNS  without_IO  imposing_VBG  excessive_JJ  loads_NNS  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  .  
  this_DD1  precaution_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  common_NN  to_IO  all_DB  low_JJ  temperature_NN  installations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  normal_JJ  operation_NN  relative_JJ  movements_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  should_VM  not_XX  generally_RR  provide_VV0  any_DD  serious_JJ  problem_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  balancing_NN  of_IO  flows_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  so_RG  important_JJ  on_IO  performance_NN  considerations_NNS  ensures_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  temperature_NN  patterns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  the_AT1  contraction_NN  effects_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  uniform_JJ  across_IO  any_DD  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  assembly_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  flexibility_NN  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  between_IO  parallel_JJ  assemblies_NNS  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  any_DD  residual_JJ  unbalance_NN  effects_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  temporary_JJ  effects_NNS  which_DDQ  might_VM  arise_VV0  during_IO  transient_JJ  or_CC  abnormal_JJ  operating_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  2.3_MC  .  
  performance_NN  .  
  performance_NN  design_NN  calculations_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  type_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  requirements_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  flow_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  temperatures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  pressures_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  stream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  heat_NN  transfer_NN  and_CC  friction_NN  factors_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  and_CC  arrangement_NN  of_IO  surface_NN  considered_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  must_VM  generally_RR  be_VB0  determined_VBN  experimentally_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  instance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  broad_JJ  subjects_NNS  of_IO  heat_NN  transfer_NN  and_CC  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  design_NN  are_VBR  well_RR  covered_VBN  by_IO  McAdams_NP  and_CC  Jakob_NP  ,_,  while_CS  Kays_NP  and_CC  London_NP  give_VV0  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  extensive_JJ  researches_NNS  and_CC  experiments_NNS  particularly_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  compact_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  including_IO  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  secondary_JJ  surface_NN  construction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  erratic_JJ  behaviour_NN  of_IO  thin_JJ  metal_NN  films_NNS  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  literature_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  better_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  film_NN  properties_NNS  is_VBZ  beginning_VBG  .  
  summarizing_VBG  the_AT1  introduction_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  stated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  anomalous_JJ  electrical_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  films_NNS  are_VBR  principally_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  structural_JJ  imperfections_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  thermodynamic_JJ  instability_NN  produced_VBN  when_CS metal_NN  vapour_NN  is_VBZ  abruptly_RR  condensed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  solid_JJ  phase_NN  .  
  the_AT1  changes_NNS  of_IO  resistivity_NN  and_CC  temperature_NN  coefficient_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  upon_IO  heating_VBG  or_CC  ageing_VBG  a_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  arise_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  re-ordering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  relief_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  internal_JJ  stresses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  further_JB  oxidation_NN  or_CC  gas_NN  absorption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  .  
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  are_VBR  parallel_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  occurring_VBG  in_IO  fine_JJ  resistance_NN  wires_NNS  upon_IO  annealing_NN  after_IO  cold-working_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  gas_NN  absorption_NN  and_CC  higher_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  lattice_NN  imperfection_NN  in_IO  vacuum-deposited_JJ  films_NNS  cause_VV0  much_RR  greater_JJ  variation_NN  of_IO  properties_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  that_CS  high_JJ  stability_NN  resistance_NN  films_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  correct_JJ  annealing_NN  treatment_NN  and_CC  suitable_JJ  protection_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  to_TO  describe_VV0  a_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  reasonably_RR  stable_JJ  resistance_NN  elements_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  deposition_NN  of_IO  nickel-chromium_JB  alloy_NN  on_IO  glass_NN  and_CC  to_TO  discuss_VV0  their_APP$  properties_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  processing_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  practical_JJ  requirements_NNS  .  
  substrate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supporting_JJ  substrate_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  smooth_JJ  and_CC  uniform_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  chemically_RR  and_CC  mechanically_RR  stable_JJ  at_IO  temperatures_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  about_RR  350_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  in_IO  atmosphere_NN  and_CC  vacuum_NN  .  
  any_DD  variation_NN  of_IO  surface_NN  smoothness_NN  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  variation_NN  of_IO  film_NN  resistance_NN  value_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  thin_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  greatly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  film_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  as_RG  low_JJ  as_IO  10_MC  O_NNU  /_CC  square_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  polished_JJ  glass_NN  surface_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  discontinuous_JJ  when_CS deposited_VBN  under_IO  identical_JJ  conditions_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  finely_RR  ground_JJ  glass_NN  surface_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  characteristic_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  deposited_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  vapour_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  grains_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  grow_VV0  on_IO  surface_NN  prominences_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  trap_VV0  the_AT1  atoms_NNS  first_RR  arriving_VBG  there_RL  and_CC  act_VV0  as_IO  centres_NNS  for_IO  nucleation_NN  .  
  films_NNS  as_RG  thick_JJ  as_IO  1000_MC  \0A*?15_NNU  may_VM  be_VB0  discontinuous_JJ  when_CS deposited_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  coarse_JJ  surface_NN  because_CS  large_JJ  grains_NNS  are_VBR  formed_VBN  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  touch_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  thickness_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  before_CS  conductivity_NN  is_VBZ  observed_VBN  .  
  such_DA  films_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  unstable_JJ  because_CS  their_APP$  conductivity_NN  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  contacts_NNS  between_IO  large_JJ  grains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  suitable_JJ  substrate_NN  materials_NNS  are_VBR  found_VBN  amongst_IO  glasses_NNS  and_CC  ceramics_NNS  .  
  good_JJ  results_NNS  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  obtained_VBN  using_VBG  glasses_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  silica_NN  content_NN  such_IO  as_II  Pyrex_NP  or_CC  Vycor_NP  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  glasses_NNS  unaffected_JJ  by_IO  water_NN  vapour_NN  .  
  many_DA  other_DA  glasses_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  some_DD  borosilicates_NNS  ,_,  devitrify_VV0  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  surfaces_NNS  become_VV0  powdery_JJ  because_CS  small_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  metal_NN  silicates_NNS  are_VBR  formed_VBN  .  
  soda-lime_NN  glasses_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  used_VBN  because_CS  their_APP$  surfaces_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  chemically_RR  unstable_JJ  .  
  during_IO  flame_NN  polishing_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  glass_NN  is_VBZ  bombarded_VBN  by_IO  thermally_RR  produced_VBN  gas_NN  ions_NNS  or_CC  ionic_JJ  bombardment_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  glow_NN  discharge_NN  ,_,  free_JJ  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  are_VBR  active_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  glass_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  combine_VV0  with_IO  water_NN  vapour_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  atmosphere_NN  to_TO  form_VV0  sodium_NN  hydroxide_NN  and_CC  deliquescent_JJ  sodium_NN  silicate_NN  by_IO  reaction_NN  with_IO  silica_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  glass_NN  .  
  some_DD  further_JB  reaction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  film_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  ceramics_NNS  possessing_VBG  good_JJ  chemical_JJ  and_CC  mechanical_JJ  properties_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  ;_;  however_RR  ,_,  their_APP$  surface_NN  smoothness_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  variable_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  sintering_NN  process_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  manufacture_NN  .  
  glazing_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  solution_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  because_CS  standard_JJ  glazes_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  based_VBN  upon_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  unsuitable_JJ  glasses_NNS  already_RR  described_VBN  .  
  very_RG  careful_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  surface_NN  smoothness_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  when_CS choosing_VBG  a_AT1  ceramic_JJ  material_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  vacuum-deposited_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  temperature_NN  coefficient_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  expansion_NN  of_IO  metals_NNS  is_VBZ  usually_RR  an_AT1  order_NN  higher_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  glass_NN  or_CC  ceramics_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  factor_NN  partly_RR  contributes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  internal_JJ  stresses_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  observed_VBN  in_IO  thin_JJ  films_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  once_CS  the_AT1  films_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  annealed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  small_JJ  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  temperature_NN  coefficient_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  of_IO  films_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  insignificant_JJ  when_CS compared_VBN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  bulk_NN  metals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  resistance_NN  alloy_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  deposition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  metal_NN  film_NN  ,_,  aggregates_NNS  of_IO  metal_NN  atoms_NNS  (_(  nuclei_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  formed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  substrate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  nuclei_NNS  is_VBZ  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  and_CC  chemical_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  and_CC  substrate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  deposition_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  nuclei_NNS  increase_VV0  in_IO  size_NN  they_PPHS2  grow_VV0  together_RR  ,_,  eventually_RR  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  film_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  is_VBZ  marked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  onset_NN  of_IO  electrical_JJ  conductivity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  with_IO  film_NN  thickness_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  high_JJ  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  useful_JJ  resistance_NN  values_NNS  coincide_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  unstable_JJ  region_NN  of_IO  thickness_NN  for_IO  many_DA  metallic_JJ  conductors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  successful_JJ  high-resistance_JB  films_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  depositing_VBG  chromium_NN  and_CC  alloys_NNS  of_IO  chromium_NN  with_IO  nickel_NN  ,_,  silicon_NN  ,_,  titanium_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  nickel-chromium_JB  alloys_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  high_JJ  bulk_NN  resistivity_NN  (_(  80-130_MC-MC  mO_NNU  \0cm_NNU  )_)  and_CC  therefore_RR  films_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  alloy_NN  are_VBR  much_RR  thicker_JJ  than_IO  films_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pure_JJ  metals_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  resistance_NN  value_NN  .  
  films_NNS  of_IO  resistance_NN  400_MC  O_NNU  /_CC  square_NN  are_VBR  at_RR  least_RR  80_MC  \0A*?15_NNU  thick_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  continuous_JJ  and_CC  are_VBR  outside_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  unstable_JJ  region_NN  of_IO  thickness_NN  .  
  nickel-chromium_JB  alloys_NNS  also_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  coefficient_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  in_IO  bulk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  very_RG  resistant_JJ  to_IO  chemical_JJ  attack_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  compact_JJ  protective_JJ  oxide_NN  layer_NN  which_DDQ  forms_VBZ  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  oxidizing_JJ  atmosphere_NN  .  
  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  double_JJ  oxides_NNS  having_VHG  a_AT1  spinel_NN  structure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  on_IO  nickel-chromium_JB  alloys_NNS  under_IO  examination_NN  by_IO  electron_NN  diffraction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  reason_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  their_APP$  high_JJ  chemical_JJ  stability_NN  .  
  evaporation_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  values_NNS  of_IO  temperature_NN  coefficient_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  stability_NN  are_VBR  achieved_VBN  in_IO  films_NNS  deposited_VBN  under_IO  conditions_NNS  favouring_VBG  oxidation_NN  .  
  during_IO  deposition_NN  the_AT1  substrate_NN  is_VBZ  heated_VBN  to_TO  relieve_VV0  the_AT1  internal_JJ  stress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  treatment_NN  can_VM  also_RR  increase_VV0  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  oxidation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  residual_JJ  gas_NN  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chamber_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  kinetic_JJ  vacuum_NN  system_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  oxidizing_JJ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  water_NN  vapour_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  working_NN  pressure_NN  (_(  10*:-4**:_&FO  \0mm_NNU  \0Hg_&FO  )_)  .  
  assuming_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  partial_JJ  pressure_NN  of_IO  water_NN  vapour_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  10*:-5**:_&FO  \0mm_NNU  \0Hg_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  calculated_VBN  approximately_RR  that_CS  5_MC  x_IO  10*:15**:_&FO  molecules_NNS  \0cm*:-2**:_NNU  s*:-1**:_NNU  strike_VV0  the_AT1  substrate_NN  surface_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  deposition_NN  of_IO  chromium_NN  metal_NN  is_VBZ  about_RR  3_MC  \0A*?15_NNU  s*:-1**:_NNU  ,_,  then_RL  ten_MC  water_NN  vapour_NN  molecules_NNS  strike_VV0  the_AT1  surface_NN  for_IO  every_AT1  chromium_NN  incident_JJ  atom_NN  .  
  thus_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  oxygen_NN  (_(  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  water_NN  vapour_NN  )_)  available_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  source_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  highly_RR  oxidized_VBN  at_IO  normal_JJ  rates_NNS  of_IO  deposition_NN  .  
  oxidation_NN  also_RR  occurs_VBZ  after_CS  the_AT1  chromium_NN  atoms_NNS  have_VH0  left_VBN  the_AT1  vapour_NN  source_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  rise_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  gettering_NN  effect_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  pressure_NN  can_VM  readily_RR  be_VB0  observed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  gauge_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  atomic_JJ  layers_NNS  deposited_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  gettering_NN  period_NN  are_VBR  highly_RR  oxidized_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  chamber_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN    cleaned_VBN  up_RP    the_AT1  deposit_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  metallic_JJ  .  
  after_CS  evaporation_NN  ceases_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  film_NN  remains_VBZ  open_JJ  to_IO  oxidation_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  film_NN  is_VBZ  inhomogeneous_JJ  and_CC  approximates_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  sandwich_NN  layer_NN  of_IO  oxide_NN  /_CC  metal_NN  /_CC  oxide_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  two_MC  outer_JB  layers_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  highly_RR  oxidized_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  layer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exact_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  oxidation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  film_NN  is_VBZ  unknown_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  effect_NN  of_IO  oxidation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  observed_VBN  upon_IO  baking_NN  in_IO  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  resistance_NN  change_NN  upon_IO  annealing_NN  may_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  positive_JJ  or_CC  negative_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  decrease_NN  attributed_VBN  by_IO  Vand_NP  to_IO  lattice_NN  transformation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  greater_JJ  or_CC  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  further_JB  oxidation_NN  .  
  heat_NN  treatment_NN  and_CC  protection_NN  .  
  heat_NN  treatment_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  during_IO  or_CC  after_IO  deposition_NN  serves_VBZ  three_MC  purposes_NNS  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  high_JJ  internal_JJ  stresses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  are_VBR  relieved_VBN  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  some_DD  defects_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  lattice_NN  are_VBR  removed_VBN  ,_,  thus_RR  improving_VBG  the_AT1  heat-stability_NN  ;_;  (_(  3_MC  )_)  a_AT1  protective_JJ  oxide_NN  layer_NN  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  ,_,  making_VBG  the_AT1  film_NN  less_RRR  subject_JJ  to_IO  external_JJ  atmospheric_JJ  attack_NN  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  advisable_JJ  to_TO  heat_VV0  the_AT1  substrate_NN  in_IO  vacuum_NN  before_IO  deposition_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  heating_NN  period_NN  in_IO  air_NN  for_IO  30_MC  \0min_NNU  at_IO  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  completes_VBZ  the_AT1  annealing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  .  
  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  resistance_NN  tapes_NNS  and_CC  wires_NNS  are_VBR  stabilized_VBN  by_IO  annealing_NN  and_CC  by_IO  cyclic_JJ  baking_NN  in_IO  air_NN  or_CC  hydrogen_NN  .  
  this_DD1  treatment_NN  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  strains_NNS  and_CC  dislocations_NNS  set_VBN  up_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  treatment_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  vacuum-deposited_JJ  film_NN  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  .  
  baking_NN  during_IO  and_CC  after_IO  deposition_NN  re-orders_VBZ  the_AT1  crystal_NN  lattice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  improves_VBZ  the_AT1  resistance_NN  stability_NN  with_IO  time_NN  ,_,  also_RR  forming_VBG  a_AT1  compact_JJ  oxide_NN  surface_NN  layer_NN  .  
  several_DA  fast_JJ  baking_NN  cycles_NNS  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  air_NN  hasten_VV0  the_AT1  changes_NNS  of_IO  resistance_NN  up_RP  to_IO  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  become_VV0  smaller_JJ  with_IO  each_DD1  successive_JJ  cycle_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  experimental_JJ  work_NN  .  
  evaporation_NN  technique_NN  .  
  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  nickel-chromium_JB  resistance_NN  films_NNS  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  vacuum_NN  deposition_NN  plant_NN  having_VHG  a_AT1  12_MC  \0in_NNU  diameter_NN  chamber_NN  equipped_VBN  with_IO  pumps_NNS  capable_JJ  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  residual_JJ  gas_NN  pressure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  chamber_NN  below_IO  10*:-4**:_&FO  \0mm_NNU  \0Hg_&FO  in_IO  5_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  provision_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  \0h.t_NN  lead-through_JB  electrodes_NNS  (_(  for_IO  cleaning_NN  by_IO  positive_JJ  ion_NN  bombardment_NN  )_)  ,_,  three_MC  electrodes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  source_NN  and_CC  several_DA  smaller_JJ  electrodes_NNS  for_IO  connecting_VBG  the_AT1  radiant_JJ  heater_NN  ,_,  thermocouple_NN  ,_,  and_CC  resistance_NN  monitor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  source_NN  was_VBDZ  heated_VBN  by_IO  electron_NN  bombardment_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  source_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  supporting_JJ  block_NN  (_(  forming_VBG  the_AT1  anode_NN  )_)  on_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  mounted_VBN  a_AT1  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  diameter_NN  special_JJ  ceramic_JJ  hearth_NN  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  .  
  nickel-chromium_JB  wire_NN  (_(  22_MC  \0s.w.g_NNU  )_)  was_VBDZ  fed_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  guide_NN  tube_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  feed_NN  mechanism_NN  was_VBDZ  mounted_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  allowed_VVD  the_AT1  wire_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  fed_VBN  either_LE  continuously_RR  or_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  intermittently_RR  operated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  handwheel_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  chamber_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nickel-chromium_JB  wire_NN  was_VBDZ  bombarded_VBN  by_IO  electrons_NNS  emitted_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  hot_JJ  filament_NN  of_IO  0.020_MC  \0in_NNU  diameter_NN  tungsten_NN  wire_NN  (_(  forming_VBG  the_AT1  cathode_NN  )_)  ,_,  supported_VBN  1/8_MC  \0in_NNU  above_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cathode_NN  heater_NN  supply_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  8_MC  \0v_NNU  ,_,  100_MC  \0A_NNU  transformer_NN  with_IO  secondary_JJ  winding_NN  insulated_VBN  from_IO  earth_NN  and_CC  primary_JJ  for_IO  15_MC  \0kv_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  anode_NN  and_CC  cathode_NN  were_VBDR  connected_VBN  across_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  \0h.t_NN  supply_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  a_AT1  maximum_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  1.5_MC  \0kw_NNU  at_IO  3_MC  \0kv_NNU  ;_;  the_AT1  anode_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  at_IO  earth_NN  potential_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cathode_NN  at_IO  negative_JJ  3_MC  \0kv_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  was_VBDZ  hollowed_VBN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  wire_NN  to_TO  melt_VV0  and_CC  form_VV0  a_AT1  bead_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  evaporation_NN  could_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  .  
  substrates_NNS  and_CC  workholders_NNS  .  
  special_JJ  jigs_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_TO  hold_VV0  flat_JJ  specimen_NN  plates_NNS  of_IO  Pyrex_NP  ,_,  soda_NN  glass_NN  and_CC  ceramic_JJ  .  
  during_IO  each_DD1  evaporation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  resistance_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  plate_NN  was_VBDZ  monitored_VBN  by_IO  connecting_VBG  the_AT1  end_NN  terminals_NNS  to_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  circuit_NN  for_IO  resistance_NN  measurement_NN  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  ohmmeter_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  for_IO  monitoring_VBG  the_AT1  resistance_NN  value_NN  during_IO  evaporation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  measurements_NNS  was_VBDZ  only_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  *?14_&FO  2_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  results_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  only_RR  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  approximate_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  during_IO  evaporation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bridge_NN  method_NN  of_IO  measurement_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  determine_VV0  accurately_RR  the_AT1  resistances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  slides_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  described_VBN  more_RG  fully_RR  later_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  workholder_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  jig_NN  constructed_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  only_RR  1/8_MC  \0in_NNU  at_IO  each_DD1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slides_NNS  was_VBDZ  masked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  clamp_NN  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  were_VBDR  placed_VBN  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  monitor_NN  plate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  workholder_NN  was_VBDZ  supported_VBN  4_MC  \0in_NNU  above_IO  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  source_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  tripod_NN  .  
  a_AT1  radiant_JJ  heater_NN  ,_,  dissipating_VBG  750_MC  \0w_NNU  at_IO  110_MC  \0v_NNU  ,_,  was_VBDZ  mounted_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  workholder_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  substrate_NN  to_IO  300_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  before_IO  evaporation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  substrate_NN  was_VBDZ  measured_VBN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  chromel-alumel_JB  thermocouple_NN  placed_VBN  inside_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  chamber_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  junction_NN  resting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workholder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thermocouple_NN  was_VBDZ  connected_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  meter_NN  calibrated_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0  degrees_NNS  centigrade_NN  ,_,  covering_VBG  a_AT1  temperature_NN  range_NN  from_IO  0_MC  to_IO  500_MC  in_IO  divisions_NNS  of_IO  10_MC  degrees_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  special_JJ  chamber_NN  assembly_NN  was_VBDZ  constructed_VBN  for_IO  deposition_NN  of_IO  films_NNS  on_IO  cylindrical_JJ  formers_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  monitoring_VBG  their_APP$  resistance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  static_JJ  flat_JJ  glass_NN  slide_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  .  
  by_IO  experiment_NN  a_AT1  simple_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  static_JJ  plate_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  resistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cylindrical_JJ  formers_NNS  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  ,_,  thus_RR  enabling_VBG  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  roughly_RR  monitored_VBN  .  
  contacts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  contact_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  deposited_JJ  film_NN  influenced_VVD  both_DB2  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  film_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  measured_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  stability_NN  .  
  Rutherford_NP  in_IO  Manchester_NP  .  
  by_IO  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Geake_NP  .  
  Manchester_NP  College_NNL1  of_IO  science_NN  and_CC  technology_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  50_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  Rutherford_NP  ,_,  working_VBG  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  conceived_VVD  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  atom_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  small_JJ  concentrated_JJ  nucleus_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  this_DD1  idea_NN  sprang_VVD  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  present-day_JB  knowledge_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  structure_NN  and_CC  our_APP$  exploitation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  consequences_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  great_JJ  landmark_NN  in_IO  physics_NN  was_VBDZ  celebrated_VBN  by_IO  holding_VBG  the_AT1  Rutherford_NP  international_JJ  jubilee_NN  conference_NN  early_RR  in_IO  September_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  appropriate_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  conference_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  at_IO  Manchester_NP  University_NNL1  because_CS  ,_,  although_CS  Rutherford_NP  did_VDD  valuable_JJ  work_NN  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  and_CC  at_IO  McGill_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  Manchester_NP  period_NN  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  discoveries_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  associated_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  appropriate_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  parts_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN    a_AT1  commemorative_JJ  session_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  surviving_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  Rutherford's_PPIO2  Manchester_NP  team_NN  took_VVD  us_PPIO2   back_RP  by_IO  their_APP$  reminiscences_NNS  to_IO  those_DD2  great_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  a_AT1  full-scale_JB  conference_NN  setting_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  .  
  to_TO  keep_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  rapidly-changing_JB  subject_NN  such_IO  as_II  this_DD1  ,_,  one_MC1  must_VM  not_XX  spend_VV0  too_RG  long_RR  looking_VBG  backwards_RR  .  
  of_IO  those_DD2  closely_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  Rutherford_NP  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ,_,  Marsden_NP  ,_,  Darwin_NP  ,_,  Chadwick_NP  ,_,  Andrade_NP  and_CC  Niels_NP  Bohr_NP  were_VBDR  all_DB  present_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  greatly_RR  regretted_VBN  that_CS  William_NP  Kay_NP  ,_,  Rutherford's_PPIO2  laboratory_NN  steward_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  assistant_NN  ,_,  to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  acknowledged_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  debt_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  live_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  at_IO  these_DD2  celebrations_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  in_IO  Manchester_NP  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  commemorative_JJ  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  reminiscences_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  \0E_NP  Marsden_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Darwin_NP  and_CC  Professor_NNSB1  Andrade_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  ceremony_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  honorary_JJ  degrees_NNS  were_VBDR  bestowed_VBN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  delegates_NNS  saw_VVD  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  Derbyshire_NP  scenery_NN  ,_,  visited_VVD  Jodrell_NP  Bank_NNL1  and_CC  \0A.E.I_NP  at_IO  Trafford_NP  Park_NNL1  ,_,  were_VBDR  received_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Lord_NNSB1  Mayor_NNSB1  at_IO  a_AT1  lavish_JJ  reception_NN  in_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  impressive_JJ  Victorian_JJ  Gothic_JJ  town_NN  hall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  rounded_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  week_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  concert_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Barbirolli_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Halle*?2_NP  orchestra_NN    the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  of_IO  Manchester's_PPIO2  claims_NNS  to_IO  renown_NN  .  
  concurrently_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  Rutherford_NP  was_VBDZ  held_VBN    photographs_NNS  ,_,  letters_NNS  ,_,  models_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  most_RG  interesting_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  actual_JJ  apparatus_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  piece_NN  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  his_APP$    pet_NN      the_AT1  superb_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  glass-blowing_NN  by_IO  Baumbach_NP  which_DDQ  made_VVD  possible_JJ  the_AT1  spectral_JJ  identification_NN  of_IO  a-particles_NNS  as_IO  helium_NN  .  
  the_AT1  letters_NNS  on_IO  view_NN  gave_VVD  some_DD  interesting_JJ  glimpses_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  organization_NN  and_CC  economics_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Schuster's_PPIO2  letter_NN  offering_VBG  to_TO  hand_VV0  his_APP$  chair_NN  over_RP  to_IO  Rutherford_NP  (_(  then_RL  at_IO  McGill_NP  )_)  ,_,  Rutherford's_PPIO2  answer_NN  making_VBG  careful_JJ  enquiries_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  arrangements_NNS  for_IO  research_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Schuster's_PPIO2  detailed_JJ  reply_NN  saying_VBG  how_CS he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  his_APP$  annual_JJ  grant_NN  for_IO  teaching_NN  and_CC  research_NN  (_(  all_DB  *+450_NNU  of_IO  it_PPH1  !_!  )_)  and_CC  by_IO  how_CS much_DA  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  overspend_VV0  without_IO  getting_VBG  into_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  Rutherford_NP  was_VBDZ  satisfied_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  came_VVD  in_IO  1907_MC  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  began_VVD  the_AT1  work_NN  in_IO    Tom_NP  Tiddler's_PPIO2  field_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  how_CS Rutherford_NP  referred_VVD  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  celebrated_JJ  research_NN  groups_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  physics_NN  .  
  Rutherford_NP  owed_VVD  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  debt_NN  to_IO  Schuster_NP  for_IO  handing_VBG  over_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  well_RR  organized_JJ  and_CC  relatively_RR  well_RR  equipped_VBN  laboratory_NN  and_CC  teaching_JJ  department_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  glory_NN  of_IO  discovering_VBG  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  falls_VBZ  to_IO  Rutherford_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  entirely_RR  owing_IO  to_II  Schuster_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  .  
  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  1906_MC  Rutherford_NP  ,_,  then_RL  at_IO  McGill_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  realized_VBN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  observation_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  a-particle_NN  beam_NN  was_VBDZ  spread_VBN  out_RP  slightly_RR  by_IO  passing_VBG  through_IO  a_AT1  mica_NN  sheet_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  surprisingly_RR  large_JJ  electric_JJ  fields_NNS  within_IO  atoms_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  1911_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  conceived_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  trivial_JJ  defect_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  a-beam_NN  tube_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  cured_VBN  empirically_RR  by_IO  inserting_VBG  brass_NN  washers_NNS  to_TO  confine_VV0  the_AT1  beam_NN  ,_,  suggested_VVD  that_CS  a-particles_NNS  were_VBDR  reflected_VBN  by_IO  metals_NNS  .  
  Rutherford_NP  suggested_VVD  to_IO  Marsden_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  second-year_JB  student_NN  (_(  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  undergraduates_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  small_JJ  research_NN  projects_NNS  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  training_NN  )_)  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  follow_VV0  this_DD1  up_RP  .  
  after_IO  some_DD  initial_JJ  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  available_JJ  a-particle_NN  sources_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  weak_JJ  ,_,  Marsden_NP  eventually_RR  obtained_VVD  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  source_NN  and_CC  did_VDD  the_AT1  experiment_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  in_IO  retrospect_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  profitable_JJ  ever_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  directed_VVD  a_AT1  beam_NN  of_IO  a-particles_NNS  at_IO  metal_NN  foils_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  observed_VVD  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  angles_NNS  at_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  off_RP  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  staggering_JJ  ;_;  although_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  particles_NNS  were_VBDR  only_RR  deflected_VBN  slightly_RR  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  were_VBDR  turned_VBN  through_IO  large_JJ  angles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  came_VVD  almost_RR  back_RP  along_IO  their_APP$  tracks_NNS  .  
  as_CS  Rutherford_NP  said_VVD  later_RRR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  fired_VVD  15_MC  \0in_NNU  shells_NNS  at_IO  tissue_NN  paper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  that_CS  occasionally_RR  they_PPHS2  bounced_VVD  back_RP  !_!  
  Marsden_NP  told_VVD  Rutherford_NP  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  observed_VBN  ,_,  Rutherford_NP  questioned_VVD  him_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  to_TO  convince_VV0  himself_PPX1  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  for_IO  several_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  until_IO  a_AT1  Sunday_NN1  evening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1911_MC  .  
  Rutherford_NP  had_VHD  invited_VBN  several_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  research_NN  workers_NNS  to_IO  supper_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  at_IO  Withington_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  often_RR  did_VDD  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  chatting_VBG  after_IO  supper_NN  Rutherford_NP  suddenly_RR  came_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  ideas_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  nucleus_NN  ;_;  before_CS  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Darwin_NP  ,_,  to_TO  check_VV0  his_APP$  hasty_JJ  derivation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scattering_NN  law_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  when_CS a-particles_NNS  were_VBDR  deflected_VBN  by_IO  point_NN  nuclei_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  even_RR  discussed_VVD  ,_,  on_IO  that_DD1  first_MD  evening_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  quite_DA  a_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  departures_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  at_IO  close_JJ  approach_NN  could_VM  yield_VV0  information_NN  about_IO  nuclear_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  although_CS  Rutherford_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  live_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  powerful_JJ  enough_RGA  scattering_NN  experiments_NNS  performed_VBN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  now_RL  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  investigating_VBG  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  nuclei_NNS  and_CC  nucleons_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  months_NNS  that_PNQS followed_VVD  Geiger_NP  and_CC  Marsden_NP  carried_VVD  out_RP  more_RG  sophisticated_JJ  scattering_NN  experiments_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  which_DDQ  had_VHD  revealed_VBN  the_AT1  effect_NN  ,_,  and_CC  actually_RR  measured_VVD  the_AT1  angular_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scattered_JJ  a-particles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  confirmed_VVD  Rutherford's_PPIO2  scattering_NN  law_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  in_IO  deriving_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  led_VBN  in_IO  1913_MC  to_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  three_MC  papers_NNS  which_DDQ  laid_VVD  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  physics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commemorative_JJ  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  produced_VVD  reminiscences_NNS  about_IO  several_DA  of_IO  Rutherford's_PPIO2  group_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  ;_;  of_IO  Moseley_NP  whom_WPO  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  Darwin_NP  (_(  who_PNQS worked_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  )_)  described_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  hardest-working_JJT  person_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  known_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  an_AT1  expert_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  meal_NN  in_IO  Manchester_NP  at_IO  3_MC  \0a.m_RR  ;_;  of_IO  Niels_NP  Bohr_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  comforting_JJ  theoretician_NN  with_IO  great_JJ  skill_NN  in_IO  bridging_VBG  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  startlingly_RR  new_JJ  theoretical_JJ  concepts_NNS  and_CC  classical_JJ  ideas_NNS  ;_;  of_IO  Robinson_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  keen_JJ  music-hall_NN  addict_NN    and_CC  indeed_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  music-hall_NN  origin_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  intonation_NN  to_IO  Rutherford's_PPIO2  nickname_NN  of_IO    Papa_NNSB1    .  
  while_CS  these_DD2  reminiscences_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  physics_NN  of_IO  50_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  were_VBDR  appropriate_JJ  and_CC  entertaining_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  physics_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  nearly_RR  200_MC  contributed_JJ  papers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS want_VV0  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  physics_NN  these_DD2  papers_NNS  will_VM  shortly_RR  be_VB0  published_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  750-page_JB  volume_NN  .  
  the_AT1  conference_NN  sessions_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  consisted_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  presentation_NN  of_IO  invited_JJ  papers_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  intended_VVD  to_TO  summarize_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  thirty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  Rutherford_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  personal_JJ  conviction_NN  that_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  more_DA  about_IO  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  much_RR  simpler_JJ  than_CS  we_PPIS2  suppose_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  always_RR  a_AT1  believer_NN  in_IO  simplicity_NN  being_VBG  a_AT1  simple_JJ  fellow_NN  myself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  subject_NN  at_IO  present_NN  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  simplicity_NN  ;_;  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  so_RG  many_DA  rival_JB  theories_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  referred_VBN  to_IO  by_IO  reference_NN  numbers_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  another_DD1  Rutherford_NP  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  topics_NNS  reviewed_VBN  included_VVD  nuclear_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  nuclear_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  interactions_NNS  with_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  particles_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  for_IO  nuclear_JJ  properties_NNS  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  paper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  limitations_NNS  and_CC  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  instruments_NNS  for_IO  nuclear_JJ  investigation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  rather_RR  off_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  line_NN  ,_,  on_IO  cosmological_JJ  dating_NN  by_IO  nuclear_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  understood_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  attractive_JJ  forces_NNS  between_IO  nucleons_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  neutrons_NNS  and_CC  protons_NNS  which_DDQ  comprise_VV0  nuclei_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  somehow_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  interchange_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particle_NN  (_(  the_AT1  p-meson_NN  or_CC  pion_NN  )_)  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  evidence_NN  that_CS  sometimes_RR  two_MC  pions_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  transit_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  interacting_JJ  nucleons_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  occurrence_NN  modifies_VBZ  the_AT1  force_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  ;_;  although_CS  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  process_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  an_AT1  unsolved_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  models_NNS  describing_VBG  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  behaviour_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  proposed_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  only_RR  recently_RR  been_VBN  confirmed_VBN    in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  conference_NN    is_VBZ  that_CS  occasionally_RR  three_MC  pions_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  are_VBR  involved_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  three_MC  pions_NNS  may_VM  actually_RR  be_VB0  joined_VBN  together_RR  transiently_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  compound_JJ  particle_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  interchange_NN  process_NN  ;_;  indeed_RR  ,_,  theoreticians_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  invoking_VBG  a_AT1  compound_JJ  particle_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  now_RL  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  evidence_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  existence_NN  .  
  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  model_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  surprisingly_RR  long-lived_JJ  and_CC  successful_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  shell_NN  model_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  first_RR  proposed_VBN  25_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  this_DD1  assumes_VBZ  nucleons_NNS  to_TO  occupy_VV0  energy_NN  levels_NNS  ,_,  obey_VV0  quantum-number_JB  selection_NN  rules_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  group_VV0  themselves_PPX2  into_IO  closed_JJ  shells_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  analogous_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  electrons_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  .  
  this_DD1  theory_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  lease_NN  of_IO  life_NN  by_IO  adding_VBG  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  nucleon_NN  spin_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  undergoes_VBZ  coupling_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  nucleon_NN    orbital_JJ    motion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  any_DD  nucleons_NNS  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  which_DDQ  comprise_VV0  closed_JJ  shells_NNS  will_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  distort_VV0  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  spherical_JJ  shape_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  distortions_NNS  were_VBDR  ignored_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  approximate_JJ  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  nucleons_NNS  more_DA  (_(  or_CC  less_DA  )_)  than_IO  complete_JJ  shells_NNS  the_AT1  mean_JJ  distortion_NN  is_VBZ  indeed_RR  small_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  theory_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  extended_VBN  to_TO  include_VV0  vibrations_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1  mean_JJ  shape_NN  .  
  with_IO  larger_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  extra_JJ  nucleons_NNS  ,_,  mid-way_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  comprising_VBG  complete_JJ  shells_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RRR  distorted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  rotational_JJ  modes_NNS  become_VV0  important_JJ  .  
  with_IO  these_DD2  larger_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  extra_JJ  nucleons_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  practicable_JJ  to_TO  treat_VV0  them_PPHO1  singly_RR  and_CC  only_RR  their_APP$  collective_JJ  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  nucleons_NNS  are_VBR  arranged_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  nucleus_NN  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  regions_NNS  of_IO  heavy_JJ  nuclei_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  another_DD1  topic_NN  of_IO  current_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  some_DD  workers_NNS  consider_VV0  that_CS  nucleons_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  singly_RR  or_CC  in_IO  pairs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  surface_NN  ,_,  while_CS  others_DA2  believe_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  random_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  being_VBG  found_VBN  in_IO  groups_NNS  of_IO  four_MC  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  grouping_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  transitory_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  particles_NNS  perhaps_RR  remaining_VBG  associated_JJ  for_IO  10*:-22**:_&FO  of_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  single_JJ  particle_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  a_AT1  neutron_NN  ,_,  hits_VBZ  a_AT1  nucleus_NN  it_PPH1  may_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  ejection_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  a-particle_NN  (_(  an_AT1  assembly_NN  of_IO  2_MC  protons_NNS  and_CC  2_MC  neutrons_NNS  )_)  .  
  however_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  vigorous_JJ  argument_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  session_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  this_DD1  a-particle_NN  existed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  surface_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  knocked_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  neutron_NN  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  the_AT1  incident_JJ  neutron_NN  simply_RR  collected_VVD  three_MC  more_DA  particles_NNS  and_CC  itself_PPX1  became_VVD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  a-particle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  idea_NN    that_CS  the_AT1  four_MC  particles_NNS  were_VBDR  already_RR  associated_VBN  before_IO  ejection_NN  .  
  soon_RR  after_CS  Rutherford_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  Manchester_NP  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Geiger_NP  ,_,  using_VBG  Geiger's_PPIO2  new_JJ  a-particle_NN  counting_NN  techniques_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  measurements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  half-lives_NNS  of_IO  radioactive_JJ  elements_NNS  .  
  nearly_RR  20_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS Aston_NP  measured_VVD  the_AT1  relative_JJ  abundances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  isotopes_NNS  in_IO  lead_NN  (_(  the_AT1  end-points_NNS  of_IO  radioactive_JJ  decay_NN  series_NNS  )_)  from_IO  a_AT1  lead-uranium_JB  ore_NN  ,_,  Rutherford_NP  realized_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  ,_,  combined_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  half-life_NN  measurements_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  yield_VV0  estimates_NNS  both_DB2  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  time_NN  since_IO  solidification_NN  )_)  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  formation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  elements_NNS  .  
  Rutherford's_PPIO2  results_NNS  increased_VVD  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  time-scale_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  earth's_NN1$  development_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  factor_NN  of_IO  more_DA  than_IO  10_MC  over_IO  the_AT1  currently_RR  accepted_JJ  estimates_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  Kelvin_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  advance_NN  produced_VVD  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  headline_NN    doomsday_NN  postponed_VBN    .  
  apart_IO  from_II  Rutherford's_PPIO2  assumption_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  *:235**:U_&FO  initially_RR  formed_VBN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  equal_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  *:238**:U_&FO  ,_,  modern_JJ  cosmochronologists_NNS  would_VM  agree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  believed_VBN  that_DD1  *:235**:U_&FO  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  initially_RR  in_IO  greater_JJ  abundance_NN  than_IO  *:238**:U_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  plus_IO  minor_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  constants_NNS  ,_,  pushes_VBZ  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  time_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  elements_NNS  (_(  loosely_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  galaxy_NN  )_)  up_RP  from_IO  Rutherford's_PPIO2  estimate_NN  of_IO  3.4_MC  x_IO  10*:9**:_&FO  years_NNS  to_IO  about_RR  20_MC  x_IO  10*:9**:_&FO  years_NNS  .  
  statistically_RR  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  1,000_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecasts_NNS  for_IO  these_DD2  20_MC  cases_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  forecasts_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  \0C.F.O_NP  forecasts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  1,000-500_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thicknesses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  500_MC  \0mb_NNU  heights_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  better_RRR  forecast_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  than_CS  by_IO  either_LE  \0C.F.O_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  winds_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  forecast_VBN  better_RRR  with_IO  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  than_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  to_TO  choose_VV0  between_IO  the_AT1  \0C.F.O_NP  and_CC  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  forecasts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  500-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thicknesses_NNS  and_CC  thermal_JJ  winds_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  \0C.F.O_NP  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecast_NN  is_VBZ  rather_RR  better_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  parameter-model_NN  .  
  the_AT1  forecasts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  contours_NNS  and_CC  500-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thickness_NN  produced_VBN  by_IO  extrapolation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  were_VBDR  ,_,  not_XX  unexpectedly_RR  ,_,  worse_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  methods_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  \0C.F.O_NP  do_VD0  not_XX  produce_VV0  forecast_JJ  charts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  500-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thickness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  values_NNS  attributed_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  been_VBN  obtained_VBN  by_IO  subtracting_VBG  their_APP$  500_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecasts_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecasts_NNS  .  
  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  examples_NNS  of_IO  forecasts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  forecasts_NNS  using_VBG  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  data_NNS  for_IO  00_MC  \0GMT_NP  26_MC  February_NN1  1959_MC  and_CC  5_MC  May_NN1  1959_MC  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  1-8_MC-MC  .  
  these_DD2  two_MC  situations_NNS  were_VBDR  chosen_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  former_DA  forecast_NN  produced_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  \0r.m.s_NN  error_NN  at_IO  500_MC  and_CC  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  better_JJ  forecasts_NNS  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  was_VBDZ  typical_JJ  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  forecasts_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  depression_NN  centred_VBN  \0ESE_NN1  of_IO  Newfoundland_NP  at_IO  00_MC  \0GMT_NP  26_MC  February_NN1  1959_MC  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  )_)  moved_VVD  rapidly_RR  \0NE_NN1  and_CC  deepened_VVD  12_MC  \0mb_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  24_MC  \0hr_NNU  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  axis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  high-pressure_JB  ridge_NN  in_IO  mid-Atlantic_NP  also_RR  moved_VVD  rapidly_RR  \0NE_NN1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  from_IO  Iceland_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  at_IO  00_MC  \0GMT_NP  26_MC  February_NN1  1959_MC  .  
  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  depression_NN  originally_RR  west_NN1  of_IO  Ireland_NP  filled_VVD  and_CC  its_APP$  associated_JJ  trough_NN  was_VBDZ  orientated_VBN  \0N-S_NN1  over_IO  eastern_JJ  Norway_NP  .  
  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  forecast_NN  dealt_VVD  quite_RR  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  depression_NN  although_CS  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  deepening_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  quite_RR  sufficient_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  trough_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  front_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  ridge_NN  were_VBDR  over-intensified_VBN  and_CC  were_VBDR  not_XX  moved_VBN  sufficiently_RR  north-eastwards_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  weak_JJ  trough_NN  over_IO  Norway_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  adequately_RR  forecast_VBN  .  
  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  forecast_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  about_RR  8_MC  \0mb_NNU  too_RG  high_JJ  in_IO  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Bay_NNL1  of_IO  Biscay_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  spurious_JJ  anticyclogenesis_NN  .  
  an_AT1  inspection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1,000-500_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thickness_NN  charts_NNS  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  forecast_NN  distorted_VVD  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  pattern_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  depression_NN  much_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  actually_RR  occurred_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  worse_JJ  thickness_NN  forecasts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  typical_JJ  error_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  model_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  geostrophic_JJ  wind_NN  used_VBN  for_IO  advection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thickness_NN  lines_NNS  is_VBZ  much_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  wind_NN  in_IO  regions_NNS  of_IO  cyclonic_JJ  curvature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  advection_NN  is_VBZ  overdone_VBN  .  
  \0fig_NN  2_MC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  500_MC  \0mb_NNU  trough_NN  from_IO  east_NN1  of_IO  Newfoundland_NP  to_IO  mid-Atlantic_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  closed_JJ  circulation_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  well_RR  forecast_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  trough_NN  was_VBDZ  moved_VBN  too_RG  rapidly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  .  
  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  forecast_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  too_RG  high_JJ  between_IO  10_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  20_MC  *@_NNU  \0W_NN1  ,_,  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  spurious_JJ  anticyclogenesis_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  3_MC  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecast_NN  gave_VVD  much_RR  too_RG  high_JJ  pressure_NN  in_IO  mid-Atlantic_NP  .  
  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Atlantic_NP  trough_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  reasonably_RR  forecast_VBN  in_IO  middle_JB  latitudes_NNS  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  moved_VBN  too_RG  rapidly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  .  
  this_DD1  rapid_JJ  movement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  certainly_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  strong_JJ  gradients_NNS  produced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  spurious_JJ  anticyclogenesis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  motion_NN  charts_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  and_CC  are_VBR  quite_RR  consistent_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  forecast_JJ  positions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  synoptic_JJ  features_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pattern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  600-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  layer_NN  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  1,000-600_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  layer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  magnitudes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  velocities_NNS  measured_VBN  in_IO  \0mb_NNU  \0hr*:-1**:_NNU  are_VBR  less_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  600-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  layer_NN  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  layer_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  velocities_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  computed_VBN  in_IO  \0cm_NNU  \0sec*:-1**:_NNU  the_AT1  magnitudes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  layers_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  similar_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  forecast_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  00_MC  \0GMT_NP  data_NNS  for_IO  5_MC  May_NN1  1959_MC  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  better_JJ  numerical_JJ  forecasts_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  anticyclone_NN  moved_VVD  eastwards_RR  from_IO  mid-Atlantic_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  shallow_JJ  depressions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  vicinity_NN  of_IO  Newfoundland_NP  amalgamated_VVD  and_CC  moved_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Denmark_NP  Straits_NPLS  .  
  these_DD2  features_NNS  were_VBDR  quite_RR  well_RR  forecast_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  central_JJ  pressure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  depression_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  quite_RR  right_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  eastward_JB  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  thermal_JJ  ridge_NN  was_VBDZ  forecast_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_DA  little_DA  less_DA  than_CS  actually_RR  occurred_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  cold_JJ  trough_NN  forecast_VBN  about_RR  50_MC  *@_NNU  \0N_NN1  20_MC  *@_NNU  \0W_NN1  did_VDD  not_XX  materialize_VV0  .  
  \0fig_NN  6_MC  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  movement_NN  and_CC  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  troughs_NNS  and_CC  ridges_NNS  at_IO  500_MC  \0mb_NNU  were_VBDR  forecast_VBN  very_RG  well_RR  .  
  the_AT1  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  forecast_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  7_MC  )_)  was_VBDZ  also_RR  successful_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  near_IO  Portugal_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  vicinity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  forecast_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  trough_NN  near_IO  Greenland_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  correct_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  motion_NN  patterns_NNS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8_MC  are_VBR  consistent_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  synoptic_JJ  features_NNS  forecast_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  5_MC  to_IO  7_MC  .  
  7_MC  .  
  conclusions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  forecasts_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  are_VBR  significantly_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Sawyer-Bushby_NP  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  20_MC  situations_NNS  investigated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  extra_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  allowed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  model_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  such_DA  vigorous_JJ  over-development_NN  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  spurious_JJ  anticyclogenesis_NN  still_RR  occurs_VBZ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  usually_RR  so_RG  intense_JJ  as_CS  previously_RR  .  
  Knighting_NP  and_CC  Hinds_NP  (_(  1960_MC  )_)  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  incorporation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stream_NN  function_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  two-parameter_JB  model_NN  gave_VVD  a_AT1  significant_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_RR  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stream_NN  function_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  model_NN  would_VM  produce_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  improvement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  forecasts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  500_MC  \0mb_NNU  contours_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  1,000-500_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thicknesses_NNS  are_VBR  statistically_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  produced_VBN  by_IO  \0C.F.O_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  to_TO  choose_VV0  between_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  forecasts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  1,000_MC  \0mb_NNU  contours_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  500-200_MC-MC  \0mb_NNU  thicknesses_NNS  .  
  at_IO  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  the_AT1  \0C.F.O_NP  forecasts_NNS  are_VBR  slightly_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  three-parameter_JB  model_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  because_CS  no_AT1  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  forecasts_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stratosphere_NN  below_IO  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  numerical_JJ  forecasts_NNS  seemed_VVD  worse_JJ  on_IO  days_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  tropopause_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  significant_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  than_CS  on_IO  days_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  tropopause_NN  was_VBDZ  nearer_IO  200_MC  \0mb_NNU  .  
  acknowledgments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  authors_NNS  wish_VV0  to_TO  thank_VV0  the_AT1  Director-General_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  meteorological_JJ  office_NN  for_IO  permission_NN  to_TO  publish_VV0  this_DD1  paper_NN  .  **[list**]_&FO  .  
  a_AT1  graphical_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  objective_JJ  forecasting_NN  derived_VBN  by_IO  statistical_JJ  techniques_NNS  .  
  by_IO  \0M_NP  \0H_NP  Freeman_NP  .  
  meteorological_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  Dunstable_NP  .  
  manuscript_NN  received_VBN  18_MC  January_NN1  1961_MC  )_)  .  
  summary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  objective_JJ  forecasting_NN  technique_NN  described_VBN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  composite_JJ  diagram_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  forecast_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  predictand_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  directly_RR  ,_,  given_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  predictors_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diagram_NN  combines_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  predictor_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  estimate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  predictand_NN  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  sections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  isopleths_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  diagrams_NNS  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  by_IO  fitting_VBG  a_AT1  curved_JJ  surface_NN  (_(  involving_VBG  powers_NNS  and_CC  cross-product_JB  terms_NNS  of_IO  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  order_NN  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  data_NNS  by_IO  a_AT1    least_DA  squares_NNS    procedure_NN  .  
  only_RR  terms_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  significant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  level_NN  are_VBR  retained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  regression_NN  formulae_NNS  so_RR  produced_VBN  .  
  at_IO  each_DD1  stage_NN  the_AT1  predictor_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  selected_VBN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  which_DDQ  contributes_VBZ  most_RBT  to_IO  the_AT1  combination_NN  so_RG  far_RR  chosen_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  method_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  forecast_VV0  visibility_NN  (_(  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  32_MC  code_NN  figures_NNS  )_)  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  three_MC  and_CC  six_MC  hours_NNS  ahead_RR  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  tested_VBN  on_IO  two_MC  winters'_NN2  independent_JJ  data_NNS  ,_,  correlation_NN  coefficients_NNS  of_IO  0.89_MC  and_CC  0.83_MC  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  3-\0hr_JB  and_CC  6-\0hr_JB  forecasts_NNS  ,_,  respectively_RR  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  subjective_JJ  forecasts_NNS  made_VBN  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  were_VBDR  0.87_MC  and_CC  0.74_MC  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  an_AT1  objective_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  forecasting_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  as_IO  one_MC1  which_DDQ  calls_VBZ  for_IO  no_AT1  judgment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  forecaster_NN  .  
  given_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  initial_JJ  data_NNS  any_DD  person_NN  using_VBG  the_AT1  method_NN  will_VM  produce_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  forecast_NN  .  
  numerous_JJ  objective_JJ  techniques_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  described_VBN  by_IO  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  objective_JJ  forecasting_NN  has_VHZ  received_VBN  much_DA  less_DA  attention_NN  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  .  
  Swinbank_NP  (_(  1949_MC  )_)  ,_,  Craddock_NP  and_CC  Pritchard_NP  (_(  1951_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Saunders_NP  (_(  1952_MC  )_)  all_DB  produced_VVD  methods_NNS  of_IO  forecasting_VBG  fog_NN  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  partly_RR  objective_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  predictors_NNS  used_VBN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  forecast_VBN  subjectively_RR  .  
  most_DA  objective_JJ  techniques_NNS  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  either_LE  formulae_NNS  or_CC  diagrams_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  methods_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  subject_JJ  to_IO  various_JJ  weaknesses_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  system_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  described_VBN  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  overcome_VV0  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  systems_NNS  produced_VVD  forecasts_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  categories_NNS  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  fog_NN  ,_,  fog_NN  in_IO  patches_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  no_AT1  fog_NN  ;_;  for_IO  aviation_NN  forecasting_NN  a_AT1  forecast_NN  of_IO  visibility_NN  in_IO  yards_NNS  or_CC  miles_NNS  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  formulae_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  deduced_VBN  from_IO  physical_JJ  principles_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  more_RG  often_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  devised_VBN  by_IO  statistical_JJ  processes_NNS  to_TO  produce_VV0  regression_NN  equations_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  have_VH0  almost_RR  always_RR  contained_VBN  only_RR  linear_JJ  terms_NNS  whereas_CS  more_RG  complicated_JJ  relations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  graphical_JJ  methods_NNS  the_AT1  lines_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  diagrams_NNS  often_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  subjectively_RR  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  lines_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  drawn_VBN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  systems_NNS  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  predictors_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  had_VHN  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  subjectively_RR  .  
  rigorous_JJ  statistical_JJ  methods_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  in_IO  developing_VBG  the_AT1  present_JJ  method_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  computations_NNS  being_VBG  made_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  Ferranti_NP  Mercury_NP  computer_NN  at_IO  meteorological_JJ  office_NN  ,_,  Dunstable_NP  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  chosen_VBN  for_IO  investigation_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  objective_JJ  forecasting_NN  technique_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  important_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  forecasting_VBG  visibility_NN  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  system_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  devised_VBN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  composite_JJ  diagram_NN  such_IO  as_II  that_DD1  illustrated_VBN  at_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  pecked_JJ  line_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  diagram_NN  indicates_VBZ  its_APP$  method_NN  of_IO  use_NN  .  
  the_AT1  top_JB  left-hand_JB  section_NN  is_VBZ  entered_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  predictor_NN  and_CC  successive_JJ  turns_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  isopleths_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  predictors_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  forecast_NN  being_VBG  read_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  on_IO  exit_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  visibility_NN  prediction_NN  diagrams_NNS  for_IO  London_NP  airport_NN  .  
  the_AT1  particular_JJ  problem_NN  specified_VBN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  forecast_VV0  visibility_NN  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  for_IO  0900_MC  and_CC  1200_MC  \0GMT_NP  using_VBG  0600_MC  \0GMT_NP  data_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  1800_MC  and_CC  2100_MC  \0GMT_NP  using_VBG  1500_MC  \0GMT_NP  data_NNS  (_(  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  3-\0hr_JB  and_CC  a_AT1  6-\0hr_JB  forecast_NN  morning_NN  and_CC  evening_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  winter_NN  period_NN  ,_,  November_NN1  to_IO  January_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  selected_VBN  and_CC  forecasts_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  100_MC  yards_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  1,000_MC  \0yd_NNU  and_CC  at_IO  200-\0yd_NNU  intervals_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  2,000_MC  \0yd_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  requirement_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  desirability_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  an_AT1  approximately_RR  logarithmic_JJ  scale_NN  of_IO  visibility_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visibility_NN  code_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parameters_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  tried_VBN  as_IO  predictors_NNS  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  investigation_NN  .  
  anything_PN1  which_DDQ  physical_JJ  principles_NNS  suggested_VVD  might_VM  be_VB0  relevant_JJ  was_VBDZ  included_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  experienced_JJ  forecasters_NNS  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  was_VBDZ  sought_VBN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  parameters_NNS  tested_VBN  are_VBR  listed_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  2_MC  .  
  many_DA  were_VBDR  extracted_VBN  directly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  registers_NNS  but_CCB  some_DD  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  specially_RR  computed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  geostrophic_JJ  winds_NNS  over_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  were_VBDR  measured_VBN  from_IO  surface_NN  charts_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  forecasting_NN  office_NN  ,_,  Dunstable_NP  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  shear_NN  was_VBDZ  defined_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  wind_NN  speed_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  geostrophic_JJ  wind_NN  speed_NN  .  
  computed_JJ  pressure_NN  gradient_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  parameter_NN  obtained_VBN  from_IO  pressures_NNS  and_CC  pressure_NN  tendencies_NNS  at_IO  four_MC  neighbouring_JJ  stations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lapse_NN  rates_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  temperature_NN  at_IO  London_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  temperature_NN  50_MC  \0mb_NNU  (_(  or_CC  25_MC  \0mb_NNU  )_)  above_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  at_IO  Crawley_NP  (_(  or_CC  Larkhill_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  hydrolapses_NNS  were_VBDR  similarly_RR  defined_VBN  using_VBG  dewpoints_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  temperatures_NNS  .  
  data_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  eleven_MC  winters_NNS  November_NN1  1946_MC  to_IO  January_NN1  1957_MC  (_(  1,012_MC  days_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  )_)  ,_,  were_VBDR  recorded_VBN  on_IO  specially_RR  printed_VBN  Paramount_NP  edge-punched_JJ  cards_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  objective_JJ  forecasting_NN  technique_NN  .  
  data_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  following_JJ  winters_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  an_AT1  independent_JJ  check_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  efficacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  .  
  to_TO  assist_VV0  in_IO  selecting_VBG  the_AT1  more_RG  promising_JJ  predictors_NNS  each_DD1  parameter_NN  x_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  correlated_VBN  in_IO  turn_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  visibility_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  forecast_VBN  z_ZZ1  .  
  a_AT1  polynomial_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  was_VBDZ  fitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO    least_DA  squares_NNS  ,_,    successively_RR  higher_JJ  order_NN  polynomials_NNS  being_VBG  tried_VBN  until_CS  further_JB  terms_NNS  gave_VVD  no_AT1  further_JB  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0r.m.s_NN  error_NN  (_(  \0SE_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  correlation_NN  coefficient_NN  r_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  formula_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS \0SD_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  standard_JJ  deviation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visibility_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  forecast_VBN  .  
  generally_RR  the_AT1  highest_JJT  Jurassic_JJ  rocks_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  exposed_VBN  near_IO  the_AT1  eastern_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  Aptian_NN1  and_CC  Albian_NN1  transgress_VV0  westwards_RR  on_RP  to_IO  older_JJ  Jurassic_JJ  strata_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  at_IO  Dinton_NP  ,_,  basal_JJ  Wealden_NP  is_VBZ  preserved_VBN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  Aptian_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  Tisbury_NP  Gault_NP  rests_VBZ  on_IO  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  Kimmeridge_NP  clay_NN  around_IO  Shaftesbury_NP  and_CC  East_NP  Knoyle_NP  and_CC  by_IO  Penselwood_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  five_MC  miles_NNS  west_NN1  of_IO  Mere_NP  ,_,  Albian_NN1  rests_VBZ  on_IO  Oxford_NP  clay_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  brief_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  formations_NNS  exposed_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  has_VHZ  attracted_VBN  geologists_NNS  since_IO  early_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  descriptions_NNS  by_IO  many_DA  writers_NNS  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Bennett_NP  provided_VVD  Sowerby_NP  (_(  1818_MC  )_)  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  ammonites_NNS  described_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  of_IO  Chicksgrove_NP  (_(  south_NN1  )_)  quarry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Tisbury_NP  star_NN  coral_NN  (_(  Isastraea_&FW  oblonga_&FW  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  comprehensive_JJ  account_NN  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  of_IO  Fitton_NP  (_(  1836_MC  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  the_AT1  sandy_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chilmark_NP  building_NN  stones_NNS  ,_,  found_VVD  Purbeck_NP  dirt_NN  beds_NNS  and_CC  discovered_VVD  a_AT1  cycad_NN  trunk_NN  near_IO  Tisbury_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  observed_VVD  the_AT1  Hastings_NP  Sands_NPLS  (_(  Wealden_NP  )_)  above_IO  the_AT1  Purbeck_NP  beds_NNS  near_IO  Dinton_NP  and_CC  separated_VVD  a_AT1  sandy_JJ  bed_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  Gault_NP  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  later_RRR  assigned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  .  
  Fitton_NP  also_RR  realised_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  fold_NN  was_VBDZ  asymmetric_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  steeper_JJ  northern_JJ  dips_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  included_VVD  a_AT1  section_NN  diagram_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  account_NN  .  
  in_IO  1856_MC  there_EX  appeared_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  one-inch_JB  geological_JJ  survey_NN  maps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  surveyed_VBN  by_IO  Bristow_NP  .  
  in_IO  1877_MC  Blake_NP  &_CC  Hudleston_NP  gave_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  comprehensive_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Corallian_JJ  outcrop_NN  in_IO  north_NN1  Dorset_NP  and_CC  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  link_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  north_NN1  Dorset_NP  succession_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  locality_NN  at_IO  Weymouth_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  described_VVD  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  northward_JB  thinning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  Corallian_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  also_RR  noted_VVD  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  rolled_JJ  corals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  beds_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  direction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  commented_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  false-bedded_JJ  Todber_NP  Freestones_NP2  .  
  three_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  they_PPHS2  established_VVD  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  facts_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  upper_JB  Freestone_NP  building_NN  stones_NNS  fifteen_MC  feet_NNS  thick_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Chilmark_NP  Ravine_NNL1  are_VBR  reduced_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  two-foot_JB  band_NN  ,_,  crammed_VBN  with_IO  Camptochlamys_&FW  lamellosus_&FW  at_IO  Chicksgrove_NP  and_CC  Oakley_NP  ,_,  within_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  miles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  junction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  overlying_JJ  Purbeck_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  much_RR  discussed_VBN  since_IO  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  still_RR  not_XX  settled_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1881_MC  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Hudleston_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  geologists'_NN2  association_NN  excursion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  the_AT1  Reverend_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0R_NP  Andrews_NP  (_(  1881_MC  )_)  ,_,  then_RL  resident_JJ  at_IO  Teffont_NP  ,_,  published_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  Purbeck_NP  marine_JJ  cinder_NN  bed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  .  
  in_IO  1894_MC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Purbeck_NP  sequence_NN  (_(  Andrews_NP  &_CC  Jukes-Browne_NP  ,_,  1894_MC  )_)  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Dorset_NP  ostracod_NN  divisions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  disregarded_VBN  by_IO  Woodward_NP  (_(  1895_MC  )_)  when_CS writing_VBG  his_APP$  survey_NN  memoir_NN  .  
  by_IO  1900_MC  the_AT1  geological_JJ  survey_NN  completed_VVD  the_AT1  six-inch_JB  mapping_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  series_NN  one-inch_JB  map_NN  ,_,  sheet_NN  298_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  that_DD1  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  east_NN1  of_IO  Tisbury_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  accompanying_JJ  memoir_NN  (_(  Reid_NP  ,_,  1903_MC  )_)  he_PPHO1  firmly_RR  established_VVD  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  Wealden_NP  and_CC  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  between_IO  the_AT1  Gault_NP  and_CC  Jurassic_JJ  beds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  records_VBZ  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  Tisbury_NP  star_NN  coral_NN  Isastraea_&FW  oblonga_&FW  ,_,  already_RR  recorded_VBN  by_IO  earlier_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  position_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  observed_VBN  in_IO  what_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  section_NN  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  lane_NN  forks_VBZ  off_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  from_IO  Tisbury_NP  to_IO  Fonthill_NP  ,_,  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  north-west_NN1  of_IO  Tisbury_NP  Square_NNL1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  Reid_NP  adhered_VVD  to_IO  Woodward's_PPIO2  interpretation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Purbeck_NP  succession_NN  and_CC  discounted_VVD  the_AT1  unconformable_JJ  Wealden_NP  boundary_NN  suggested_VBN  by_IO  Andrews_NP  &_CC  Jukes-Browne_NP  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  writer_NN  (_(  Jukes-Browne_NP  ,_,  1903_MC  )_)  added_VVD  further_JB  material_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Purbeck-Wealden_NP  boundary_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  Reid's_PPIO2  mapping_NN  followed_VVD  Woodward's_PPIO2  Purbeck_NP  divisions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  needs_VBZ  some_DD  revision_NN  to_TO  fit_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  palaeontological_JJ  divisions_NNS  now_RL  used_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  year_NN  (_(  1903_MC  )_)  as_CS  the_AT1  memoir_NN  appeared_VVD  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  second_MD  geologists'_NN2  association_NN  excursion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  (_(  Blackmore_NP  &_CC  Andrews_NP  ,_,  1903_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  1904_MC  Jukes-Browne_NP  had_VHD  completed_VBN  his_APP$  survey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cretaceous_JJ  rocks_NNS  (_(  1900-4_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  includes_VBZ  descriptions_NNS  of_IO  sections_NNS  west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  dealt_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  sheet_NN  memoir_NN  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  received_VBN  any_DD  attention_NN  since_II  .  
  Jukes-Browne_NP  included_VVD  a_AT1  quarter-inch_JB  map_NN  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  cretaceous_JJ  rocks_NNS  ,_,  part_NN  1_MC  (_(  1900_MC  )_)  ,_,  showing_VBG  the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  detailed_JJ  mapping_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  fifty_MC  years_NNS  since_IO  1904_MC  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  further_JB  references_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  interesting_JJ  area_NN  .  
  in_IO  1933_MC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Arkell_NP  gave_VVD  an_AT1  admirable_JJ  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jurassic_JJ  rocks_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  observations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  dissimilarities_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  Chilmark-Tisbury_NP  building_NN  stones_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Dorset_NP  counterparts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  attempted_VVD  to_TO  disentangle_VV0  the_AT1  confused_JJ  ammonite_NN  nomenclature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  ,_,  tentatively_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  almost_RR  certainly_RR  rightly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  main_JB  Tisbury_NP  and_CC  Lower_NP  Chilmark_NP  building_NN  stones_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  sands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dorset_NP  coast_NN  ,_,  only_RR  retaining_VBG  the_AT1  oolitic_JJ  upper_JB  Chilmark_NP  building_NN  stones_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Dorset_NP  Portland_NP  stone_NN  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  entail_VV0  the_AT1  remapping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  Portlandian_NN1  to_TO  fit_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  classification_NN  .  
  (_(  see_VV0  also_RR  Arkell_NP  ,_,  1935_MC  ,_,  for_IO  correlation_NN  table_NN  .  )_)  
  (_(  House_NNL1  ,_,  1958_MC  .  )_)  
  in_IO  1938_MC  \0F_NP  \0H_NP  Edmunds_NP  added_VVD  a_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  physiographical_JJ  evolution_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  which_DDQ  accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  fourth_MD  geologists'_NN2  association's_NN1$  field_NN  meeting_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  year_NN  ,_,  \0J_NP  \0F_NP  Kirkaldy_NP  (_(  1939_MC  )_)  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  thin_JJ  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  below_IO  the_AT1  Gault_NP  that_PNQS crops_VBZ  out_RP  round_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  south_NN1  of_IO  Shaftesbury_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  the_AT1  zonal_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  either_LE  outcrop_NN  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  proper_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  Warminster_NP  Greensand_NP  beds_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chalk_NP  Marl_NP  have_VH0  received_VBN  attention_NN  from_IO  Jukes-Browne_NP  in_IO  1896_MC  ,_,  1900-4_MC-MC  and_CC  1901_MC  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  Scanes_NP  ,_,  jointly_RR  with_IO  Jukes-Browne_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1901_MC  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  Pope-Bartlett_NP  in_IO  1916_MC  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  year_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  authors_NNS  led_VVD  the_AT1  third_MD  geologists'_NN2  association_NN  excursion_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  Warminster_NP  Greensand_NP  accounts_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  fully_RR  summarised_VBN  by_IO  Edmunds_NP  (_(  1938_MC  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  field_NN  meeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  geologists'_NN2  association_NN  in_IO  1937_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  now_RL  seems_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  fossils_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Warminster_NP  Greensand_NP  are_VBR  Cenomanian_JJ  in_IO  age_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  majority_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  come_VV0  from_IO  Warminster_NP  itself_PPX1  but_CCB  from_IO  Maiden_NP  Bradley_NP  and_CC  Mere_NP  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Warminster_NP  name_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  adopted_VBN  for_IO  these_DD2  beds_NNS  ,_,  whereas_CS  today_NN1  the_AT1  best_JJT  available_JJ  section_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  Dead_NP  Maid_NP  Quarry_NNL1  ,_,  Mere_NP  .  
  also_RR  included_VBN  in_IO  Edmunds'_PPIO2  account_NN  (_(  1938_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  contribution_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  present_JJ  author's_NN1$  starting_NN  point_NN  for_IO  detailed_JJ  mapping_NN  .  
  Edmunds_NP  estimated_VVD  the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  northerly_JJ  downthrow_NN  of_IO  about_RR  600_MC  feet_NNS  near_IO  Charnage_NP  Quarry_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  fault_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  reversed_VBN  ,_,  passing_VBG  just_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  Mere_NP  ,_,  and_CC  downthrowing_VBG  lower_JJ  and_CC  middle_JB  chalk_NN  against_IO  Kimmeridge_NP  clay_NN  .  
  Wooldridge_NP  &_CC  Linton_NP  (_(  1955_MC  )_)  have_VH0  given_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  area_NN  prominent_JJ  attention_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  comprehensive_JJ  survey_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  ,_,  surface_NN  and_CC  drainage_NN  of_IO  south-east_NN1  England_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  the_AT1  three_MC  east-west_NN1  lines_NNS  of_IO  downland_NN  ridges_NNS  comprising_VBG  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  great_JJ  Ridge-Mere_NP  White_NP  Sheet_NP  Hill_NNL1  ridge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  Barford_NP  Down-Berwick_NP  \0St_NNSB1  John_NP  White_NP  sheet_NN  Hill_NNL1  ridge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  Melbury_NP  Beacon_NNL1  ,_,  Win_NP  Green-Coombe_NP  Bissett_NP  Down_NNL1  ridge_NN  as_IO  type_NN  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  remnants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  mid-late_JJ  tertiary_JJ  peneplains_NNS  .  
  also_RR  they_PPHS2  regard_VV0  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  drainage_NN  as_CS  now_RL  adjusted_VBN  to_TO  structure_VV0  through_IO  two_MC  cycles_NNS  of_IO  erosion_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  lay_VVD  outside_IO  the_AT1  furthest_JJT  advances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Pliocene_NP  Sea_NNL1  .  
  at_IO  Whitsun_NP  in_IO  1954_MC  this_DD1  writer_NN  led_VVD  the_AT1  fifth_MD  geologists'_NN2  association_NN  field_NN  meeting_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  country_NN  from_IO  Shaftesbury_NP  .  
  the_AT1  field_NN  meeting_NN  report_NN  (_(  Mottram_NP  et_&FW  \0al_DA2  ,_,  1957_MC  )_)  included_VBN  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  interesting_JJ  localities_NNS  visited_VBN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  palaeontological_JJ  records_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  by_IO  various_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  brief_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  at_IO  West_NP  Knoyle_NP  ,_,  Charnage_NP  ,_,  Mere_NP  ,_,  Wolverton_NP  and_CC  Penselwood_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  visited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  excursion_NN  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  tectonic_JJ  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  anticline_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tectonics_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  fold_NN  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  described_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  previously_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  much_DA  is_VBZ  self-evident_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  series_NN  one-inch_JB  map_NN  ,_,  sheet_NN  298_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  as_RG  far_RR  west_NN1  as_IO  Tisbury_NP  and_CC  Ridge_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  anticline_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  amplitude_NN  of_IO  about_RR  1200_MC  feet_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  around_IO  Tisbury_NP  the_AT1  Cenomanian_JJ  base_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  risen_VBN  to_IO  about_RR  1000_MC  feet_NNS  above_IO  present_JJ  \0O.D_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fold_NN  has_VHZ  steeper_JJ  northerly_JJ  dips_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  limb_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  everywhere_RR  from_IO  3-5_MC-MC  *@_NNU  south_NN1  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  3_MC  ,_,  section_NN  1_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  northerly_JJ  dips_NNS  gradually_RR  steepen_VV0  westwards_RR  and_CC  west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Fonthills_NP2  a_AT1  10-15_MC-MC  *@_NNU  \0NNW_NN1  dip_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  planus_&FW  zone_NN  chalk_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  roadside_NN  from_IO  Tisbury_NP  to_IO  Hindon_NP  .  
  the_AT1  accompanying_JJ  map_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  3_MC  )_)  shows_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  northern_JJ  limb_NN  continues_VBZ  to_TO  steepen_VV0  westwards_RR  past_IO  East_NP  Knoyle_NP  to_IO  where_CS the_AT1  Mere_NP  Fault_NNL1  begins_VBZ  at_IO  West_NP  Knoyle_NP  .  
  north-west_NN1  of_IO  East_NP  Knoyle_NP  ,_,  around_IO  Windmill_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Green_NNL1  and_CC  Upton_NP  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  quite_RR  clearly_RR  a_AT1  local_JJ  roll_NN  displayed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  Greensand_NP  outcrops_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  double_VV0  back_RP  eastwards_RR  from_IO  Windmill_NP  Hill_NNL1  to_IO  Milton_NP  before_IO  resuming_VBG  their_APP$  north-west_NN1  trend_NN  along_IO  Haddon_NP  Hill_NNL1  .  
  also_RR  the_AT1  Gault_NP  base_NN  rises_VBZ  above_IO  the_AT1  600-foot_JB  contour_NN  west_NN1  of_IO  Upton_NP  ,_,  so_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  small_JJ  and_CC  interesting_JJ  upland_NN  area_NN  north-west_NN1  of_IO  Clouds_NP  House_NNL1  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  periclinal_JJ  fold_NN  ,_,  pitching_VBG  east_NN1  ,_,  riding_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  northern_JJ  limb_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Wardour_NP  fold_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  3_MC  ,_,  section_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  the_AT1  Jurassic_JJ  rocks_NNS  are_VBR  nearly_RR  conformable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  overlying_JJ  cretaceous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  are_VBR  local_JJ  variations_NNS  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  steady_JJ  westward_JB  cretaceous_JJ  overstep_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Jurassic_JJ  rocks_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  are_VBR  affected_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  gentle_JJ  rolls_NNS  ,_,  trending_VBG  north-west_NN1  to_IO  south-east_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  disappear_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  transgressive_JJ  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  and_CC  Gault_NP  without_IO  affecting_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  ,_,  exposed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Chilmark_NP  Ravine_NNL1  ,_,  are_VBR  brought_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  shallow_JJ  anticline_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  flanked_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  by_IO  a_AT1  shallow_JJ  syncline_NN  which_DDQ  brings_VBZ  the_AT1  Wealden_NP  down_RP  to_IO  river_NN  level_NN  again_RR  near_IO  Sutton_NP  Mandeville_NP  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  undoubted_JJ  flexure_NN  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  south-east_NN1  of_IO  Knoyle_NP  Corner_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  only_RR  partly_RR  preserved_VBN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  transgressive_JJ  Gault_NP  above_II  ,_,  and_CC  appears_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  map_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  around_IO  Tisbury_NP  itself_PPX1  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  Portlandian_JJ  quarries_NNS  show_VV0  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  dips_NNS  .  
  some_DD  apparently_RR  can_VM  be_VB0  ascribed_VBN  to_IO  false_JJ  bedding_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  in_IO  1940_MC  and_CC  1941_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  opening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shallow_JJ  quarry_NN  between_IO  road_NN  and_CC  railway_NN  500_MC  yards_NNS  north-east_NN1  of_IO  Hazeldon_NP  Farm_NNL1  (_(  936381_MC  )_)  .  
  false_JJ  bedding_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  1949_MC  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  track_NN  section_NN  south_NN1  of_IO  Court_NNL1  Street_NNL1  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  other_DA  pits_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dips_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  point_VV0  towards_IO  the_AT1  valleys_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  exposures_NNS  show_VV0  considerable_JJ  gulling_NN  ,_,  like_IO  those_DD2  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  Tisbury_NP  west_NN1  Quarry_NNL1  on_IO  the_AT1  Newtown_NP  Road_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  being_VBG  worked_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  gulling_NN  recalls_VBZ  the_AT1  cambered_JJ  structures_NNS  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  midland_NN  Ironstone_NP  field_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Oxford_NP  region_NN  by_IO  Hollingworth_NP  ,_,  Taylor_NP  &_CC  Kellaway_NP  (_(  1944_MC  )_)  and_CC  Arkell_NP  (_(  1947a_MC  )_)  respectively_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  from_IO  notes_NNS  on_IO  Reid's_PPIO2  1900_MC  six-inch_JB  maps_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  geological_JJ  survey_NN  library_NN  ,_,  that_CS  much_DA  ,_,  presumably_RR  lower_JJ  ,_,  Greensand_NP  debris_NN  still_RR  remains_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  Purbeck_NP  outcrop_NN  around_IO  Lady_NP  Down_NNL1  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  outcrop_NN  north-west_NN1  of_IO  Tisbury_NP  .  
  this_DD1  writer_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  map_VV0  two_MC  definite_JJ  outliers_NNS  of_IO  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  on_IO  Lady_NP  Down_NNL1  and_CC  around_IO  Vicarage_NNL1  Barn_NNL1  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  on_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  ,_,  forming_VBG  these_DD2  two_MC  outliers_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  thin_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  silage_NN  pit_NN  ,_,  four_MC  feet_NNS  deep_JJ  ,_,  reached_VVD  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  ferruginous_JJ  sands_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  also_RR  contained_VVD  occasional_JJ  small_JJ  quartz_NN  pebbles_NNS  .  
  lumps_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  dark_JJ  and_CC  hard_JJ  ferruginous_JJ  sandstone_NN  ,_,  recalling_VBG  a_AT1  tropical_JJ  laterite_NN  ,_,  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN  with_IO  ironstained_JJ  Purbeck_NP  slabs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  arable_JJ  fields_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  thin_JJ  veneer-like_JJ  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  outcrop_NN  north-east_NN1  of_IO  Tisbury_NP  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  Wardour_NP  Jurassic_JJ  surface_NN  round_IO  Tisbury_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  exhumed_JJ  pre-lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  erosion_NN  surface_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  supported_VBN  by_IO  finding_VBG  further_JB  quartz_NN  pebbles_NNS  and_CC  chert_NN  debris_NN  in_IO  arable_JJ  fields_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  outcrop_NN  north-east_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  cross-roads_NN  (_(  at_IO  924293_MC  )_)  on_IO  the_AT1  Tisbury_NP  to_IO  Newtown_NP  road_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  south_NN1  of_IO  where_CS Reid_NP  mapped_VVD  the_AT1  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  being_VBG  overstepped_VBN  westwards_RR  by_IO  Gault_NP  near_IO  the_AT1    Beckford_NP  arms_NNS    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  therefore_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  existing_JJ  post-Jurassic_JJ  material_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Portland_NP  beds_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  remains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  combined_JJ  residue_NN  of_IO  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  and_CC  basal_JJ  Gault_NP  hereabouts_RR  .  
  across_IO  the_AT1  Nadder_NP  Valley_NNL1  over_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  north-east_NN1  of_IO  Wardour_NP  Castle_NNL1  the_AT1  Portland_NP  dip_NN  slope_NN  disappears_VBZ  under_IO  rounded_JJ  swells_NNS  of_IO  lower_JJ  Greensand_NP  and_CC  Gault_NP  above_II  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  land_NN  rises_VBZ  up_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  Greensand_NP  escarpment_NN  behind_RP  .  
  these_DD2  results_NNS  are_VBR  perhaps_RR  rather_RR  unexpected_JJ  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  difference_NN  in_IO  shape_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  structures_NNS  .  
  measurements_NNS  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  surface_NN  /_IO  volume_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  connectives_NNS  was_VBDZ  about_RR  3.5_MC  times_NNS  greater_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  massive_JJ  terminal_JJ  abdominal_JJ  ganglion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  contrast_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  effluxes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  ganglion_NN  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  absence_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  ganglion_NN  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  final_JJ  slow_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  loss_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  radioactivity_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  study_NN  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961b_MC  )_)  this_DD1  phase_NN  was_VBDZ  tentatively_RR  identified_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  sodium_NN  extrusion_NN  mechanism_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  when_CS separated_VBN  from_IO  its_APP$  tracheal_JJ  supply_NN  .  
  thus_RR  according_IO  to_II  this_DD1  hypothesis_NN  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  postulated_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  experiments_NNS  the_AT1  isolation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ganglion_NN  resulted_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  less_RG  serious_JJ  interference_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  metabolism_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  extrusion_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  until_CS  later_RRR  at_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  low_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  technique_NN  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  results_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961b_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  was_VBDZ  apparently_RR  an_AT1  active_JJ  process_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  slowed_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  2_MC  :_:  4-dinitrophenol_NN  at_IO  relatively_RR  low_JJ  concentration_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  the_AT1  extrusion_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  ganglion_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  potassium-free_JJ  solution_NN  ,_,  demonstrating_VBG  a_AT1  linkage_NN  of_IO  potassium_NN  influx_NN  with_IO  sodium_NN  efflux_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  efflux_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  abdominal_JJ  ganglion_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  significantly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  about_RR  50_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  connective_JJ  tissue_NN  and_CC  cellular_JJ  sheath_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  results_NNS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  concluded_VBN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  process_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  efflux_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  measured_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  technique_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  cellular_JJ  perineurium_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  from_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  the_AT1  diffusion_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  connective_JJ  tissue_NN  sheath_NN  must_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  occurred_VBN  relatively_RR  rapidly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  result_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  previously_RR  predicted_VBN  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961a_MC  ;_;  Wigglesworth_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  process_NN  measured_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  must_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  components_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  lying_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  level_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  perineurium_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  possibility_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  efflux_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  measured_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  cell_NN  membranes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  tissues_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  the_AT1  similarity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  t*;0.5**;_&FO  between_IO  the_AT1  connectives_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  ganglion_NN  becomes_VBZ  explicable_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  under_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  the_AT1  efflux_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  independent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  /_IO  volume_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  organ_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  described_VBN  above_II  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  give_VV0  any_DD  definite_JJ  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  processes_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  perineurium_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  dinitrophenol_NN  and_CC  potassium-free_JJ  solution_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  slightly_RR  less_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  sodium_NN  efflux_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  desheathed_JJ  preparations_NNS  might_VM  suggest_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  layer_NN  of_IO  cells_NNS  perhaps_RR  plays_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  passive_JJ  role_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ionic_JJ  regulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  insect_NN  .  
  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  poison_NN  to_IO  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  omission_NN  of_IO  potassium_NN  ions_NNS  from_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  external_JJ  solution_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  fairly_RR  rapid_JJ  slowing_NN  down_RP  of_IO  sodium_NN  extrusion_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  process_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  penetration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  superficial_JJ  perilemma_NN  implies_VBZ  that_CS  these_DD2  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  chemical_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bathing_NN  solution_NN  are_VBR  quickly_RR  transmitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  deeper_JJ  layers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  .  
  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  rather_RR  unexpected_JJ  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  appreciable_JJ  delay_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  normal_JJ  electrical_JJ  activity_NN  obtained_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  insect_NN  nervous_JJ  system_NN  was_VBDZ  exposed_VBN  to_IO  solutions_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  potassium_NN  concentration_NN  (_(  Hoyle_NP  ,_,  1953_MC  ;_;  Twarog_NP  &_CC  Roeder_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  previously_RR  published_VBN  accounts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  *:42**:\0K_&FO  and_CC  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  into_IO  the_AT1  intact_JJ  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  of_IO  Periplaneta_&FW  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961a_MC  ,_,  c_ZZ1  )_)  an_AT1  attempt_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  fluxes_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  ions_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  haemolymph_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  .  
  these_DD2  ionic_JJ  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  calculated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  conventional_JJ  equations_NNS  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  fluxes_NNS  in_IO  cells_NNS  and_CC  tissues_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  procedure_NN  involved_VVD  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  process_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  transfer_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  superficial_JJ  boundary_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  movements_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  layers_NNS  occurred_VVD  rapidly_RR  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  labelled_JJ  ions_NNS  were_VBDR  effectively_RR  well_RR  mixed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  results_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  assumptions_NNS  represented_VVD  an_AT1  oversimplification_NN  and_CC  consequently_RR  the_AT1  calculated_JJ  values_NNS  have_VH0  little_DA  significance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  future_JB  investigation_NN  the_AT1  fluxes_NNS  taking_VBG  place_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  haemolymph_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  more_RG  complex_JJ  system_NN  .  
  summary_NN  .  
  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  abdominal_JJ  ganglion_NN  of_IO  Periplaneta_&FW  americana_&FW  \0L_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  studied_VBN  by_IO  measuring_VBG  the_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  radioactivity_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  isolated_JJ  preparation_NN  maintained_VBN  in_IO  flowing_JJ  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  efflux_NN  was_VBDZ  substantially_RR  reduced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  0.2_MC  \0mM_NNU  /_IO  \0l_NNU  dinitrophenol_NN  and_CC  in_IO  potassium-free_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  extrusion_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  was_VBDZ  not_XX  significantly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fibrous_JJ  and_CC  cellular_JJ  sheath_NN  surrounding_VBG  the_AT1  ganglion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  process_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  efflux_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  measured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  nerve_NN  sheath_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  extrusion_NN  from_IO  tissues_NNS  lying_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  level_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  kinetics_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  transfer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cockroach_NN  ,_,  periplaneta_&FW  americana_&FW  \0L_NP  .  
  by_IO  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Treherne_NP  .  
  \0A.R.C_NP  unit_NN  of_IO  insect_NN  physiology_NN  ,_,  department_NN  of_IO  zoology_NN  ,_,  University_NNL1  of_IO  Cambridge_NP  .  
  (_(  received_VBN  15_MC  June_NN1  1961_MC  )_)  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  some_DD  previous_JJ  investigations_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  sodium_NN  and_CC  potassium_NN  ions_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  haemolymph_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cockroach_NN  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  occurred_VVD  relatively_RR  rapidly_RR  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961a_MC  )_)  and_CC  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  effected_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  mechanism_NN  involving_VBG  an_AT1  active_JJ  extrusion_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961b_MC  )_)  .  
  more_RG  recently_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  measured_JJ  efflux_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  ions_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  significantly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  substantial_JJ  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cellular_JJ  and_CC  fibrous_JJ  nerve_NN  sheath_NN  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961c_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  concluded_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  that_CS  the_AT1  rate-limiting_JJ  factor_NN  measured_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  perilemma_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  extrusion_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  tissues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  .  
  thus_RR  any_DD  rate-limiting_JJ  movements_NNS  of_IO  ions_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  perilemma_NN  occurred_VVD  too_RG  rapidly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  measured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  techniques_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  investigations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  attempt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  component_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  exchange_NN  by_IO  determining_VBG  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  radioactivity_NN  obtained_VBN  on_IO  washing_VBG  isolated_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  and_CC  single_JJ  connectives_NNS  and_CC  ganglia_NNS  for_IO  relatively_RR  short_JJ  periods_NNS  in_IO  successive_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  methods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  described_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  were_VBDR  carried_VBN  out_RP  using_VBG  the_AT1  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  of_IO  adult_JJ  male_JJ  Periplaneta_&FW  americana_&FW  \0L_NP  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  experiments_NNS  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  radioactive_JJ  by_IO  soaking_VBG  them_PPHO1  for_IO  varying_JJ  periods_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  containing_VBG  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  (_(  0.1-0.5_MC-MC  \0mc_NNU  /_IO  \0ml_NNU  )_)  .  
  with_IO  short_JJ  loading_NN  periods_NNS  (_(  20_MC  \0sec_NNU  -_IO  5.0_MC  \0min_NNU  )_)  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  ligatured_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  were_VBDR  soaked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  oxygenated_JJ  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  ;_;  for_IO  longer_RRR  loading_NN  periods_NNS  (_(  5-20_MC-MC  \0min_NNU  )_)  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  of_IO  decapitated_JJ  individuals_NNS  were_VBDR  perfused_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  radioactive_JJ  solution_NN  as_CS  described_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  paper_NN  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961c_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  ligatures_NNS  were_VBDR  tied_VBN  with_IO  threads_NNS  pulled_VBN  from_IO  15_MC  denier_NN  nylon_NN  stockings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  radioactive_JJ  solution_NN  used_VBN  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  given_VBN  by_IO  Treherne_NP  (_(  1961a_MC  )_)  .  
  on_IO  removal_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  radioactive_JJ  solution_NN  the_AT1  ligatured_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  were_VBDR  carefully_RR  blotted_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  washed_VBN  for_IO  varying_JJ  periods_NNS  in_IO  successive_JJ  0.2_MC  \0ml_NNU  amounts_NNS  of_IO  inactive_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  composition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  remaining_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cord_NN  at_IO  varying_JJ  times_NNS  was_VBDZ  determined_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  measured_JJ  radioactivity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  washings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  radioactivity_NN  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  Mullard_NP  \0MX_NP  123_MC  \0G.M_NNU  tube_NN  linked_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  100_MC  \0c_NNU  Panax_NP  scaler_NN  .  
  some_DD  preliminary_JJ  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_TO  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  any_DD    inulin_NN  space_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  by_IO  soaking_VBG  ligatured_JJ  isolated_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  for_IO  1_MC  \0hr_NNU  in_IO  a_AT1  3.0_MC  %_NNU  solution_NN  of_IO  *:14**:C-labelled_JJ  inulin_NN  (_(  3.0_MC  \0mc_NNU  /_IO  \0g_NNU  )_)  made_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  were_VBDR  then_RL  washed_VBN  for_IO  25_MC  \0sec_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  *:14**:C-inulin_&FO  was_VBDZ  extracted_VBN  by_IO  soaking_VBG  them_PPHO1  for_IO  24_MC  \0hr_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  washing_NN  time_NN  of_IO  25_MC  \0sec_NNU  used_VBN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  period_NN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  remove_VV0  97_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  radioactivity_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nerve_NN  cord_NN  exposed_VBN  to_IO  *:14**:C-inulin_&FO  for_IO  1_MC  \0sec_NNU  .  
  these_DD2  values_NNS  are_VBR  thus_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  minimum_JJ  estimates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    inulin_NN  space_NN    of_IO  this_DD1  organ_NN  for_CS  some_DD  radioactivity_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  leaked_VBN  from_IO  within_IO  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cord_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  procedure_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  of_IO  *:14**:C-labelled_JJ  inulin_NN  was_VBDZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  washing_VBG  the_AT1  ligatured_JJ  isolated_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  in_IO  successive_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  efflux_NN  experiments_NNS  .  
  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC  show_VV0  the_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  radioactivity_NN  of_IO  some_DD  isolated_JJ  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  ,_,  previously_RR  soaked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  containing_VBG  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  ,_,  when_CS maintained_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  inactive_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  composition_NN  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  semi-logarithmic_JJ  plots_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  varying_JJ  loading_NN  times_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  follow_VV0  a_AT1  complex_JJ  course_NN  initially_RR  ,_,  eventually_RR  assuming_VBG  an_AT1  exponential_JJ  form_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  between_IO  160-200_MC-MC  \0sec_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  separate_VV0  a_AT1  fast_JJ  component_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  curves_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  by_IO  subtraction_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  values_NNS  lying_VBG  above_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  extrapolated_VBN  to_IO  zero_MC  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  separation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  efflux_NN  curve_NN  into_IO  fast_JJ  and_CC  slow_JJ  components_NNS  with_IO  data_NNS  plotted_VBN  semi-logarithmically_RR  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  time_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  fast_JJ  component_NN  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  was_VBDZ  complex_JJ  initially_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  assumed_VBN  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  seconds_NNS  a_AT1  simple_JJ  exponential_JJ  form_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  half-time_NN  (_(  t*;0.5**;_&FO  )_)  of_IO  approximately_RR  33.0_MC  \0sec_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  half-time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  slow_JJ  component_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  260_MC  \0sec_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  escape_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  was_VBDZ  also_RR  measured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  0.5_MC  \0mM_NNU  /_IO  \0l_NNU  2_MC  :_:  4-dinitrophenol_NN  .  
  the_AT1  poison_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  physiological_JJ  solution_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  loading_NN  period_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  and_CC  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  inactive_JJ  solution_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  efflux_NN  experiments_NNS  .  
  previous_JJ  results_NNS  (_(  Treherne_NP  ,_,  1961_MC  b_ZZ1  )_)  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  delay_NN  period_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  poison_NN  affected_VVD  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  extrusion_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  loaded_VBN  with_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  for_IO  only_RR  short_JJ  periods_NNS  (_(  less_DA  than_IO  5_MC  \0min_NNU  )_)  were_VBDR  pretreated_VBN  with_IO  0.5_MC  \0mM_NNU  /_IO  \0l_NNU  dinitrophenol_NN  to_TO  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  constant_JJ  exposure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  poison_NN  of_IO  5_MC  \0min_NNU  before_CS  the_AT1  efflux_NN  experiments_NNS  were_VBDR  commenced_VBN  .  
  \0fig_NN  3_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  escape_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  a_AT1  poisoned_JJ  preparation_NN  loaded_VBN  with_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  for_IO  10_MC  \0min_NNU  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  experiment_NN  the_AT1  fast_JJ  component_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  abolished_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poison_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  t*;0.5**;_&FO  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  33.0_MC  \0sec_NNU  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  preparation_NN  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  experiment_NN  the_AT1  slow_JJ  component_NN  for_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  efflux_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  much_RR  reduced_VBN  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  preparation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  0.5_MC  \0mM_NNU  /_IO  \0l_NNU  2_MC  :_:  4-dinitrophenol_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  escape_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  nerve_NN  cords_NNS  are_VBR  summarized_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  clearly_RR  indicate_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poison_NN  affected_VVD  the_AT1  slow_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  sodium_NN  loss_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  initial_JJ  fast_JJ  component_NN  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  activity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  in_IO  the_AT1  slowly_RR  exchanging_VBG  fraction_NN  was_VBDZ  estimated_VBN  by_IO  extrapolation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slow_JJ  component_NN  to_IO  zero_MC  time_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  4_MC  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  estimated_JJ  radioactivity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slowly_RR  escaping_JJ  fraction_NN  at_IO  varying_JJ  times_NNS  after_IO  exposure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  containing_VBG  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  .  
  these_DD2  data_NNS  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  poison_NN  had_VHD  little_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  accumulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  radioactive_JJ  ions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  slowly_RR  exchanging_VBG  fraction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  too_RG  few_DA  to_TO  judge_VV0  the_AT1  equilibrium_NN  level_NN  of_IO  radioactivity_NN  as_IO  between_II  the_AT1  normal_JJ  and_CC  poisoned_JJ  preparations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  escape_NN  of_IO  *:24**:\0Na_&FO  from_IO  isolated_JJ  ligatured_JJ  fragments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  was_VBDZ  studied_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  experiments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  radio-sodium_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  abdominal_JJ  ganglion_NN  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  connective_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  and_CC  fifth_MD  abdominal_JJ  ganglia_NNS  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  occur_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  two-stage_JB  process_NN  as_IO  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  abdominal_JJ  nerve_NN  cord_NN  .  
  a_AT1  control_NN  serum_NN  known_VBN  to_TO  contain_VV0  a_AT1  weak_JJ  anti-D_NN  antibody_NN  is_VBZ  included_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  batch_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  ;_;  only_RR  if_CS  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  macroscopic_JJ  positive_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  clear_JJ  negative_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  cells_NNS  should_VM  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  be_VB0  read_VBN  .  
  comment_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  sensitive_JJ  and_CC  useful_JJ  technique_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  fail_VV0  to_TO  detect_VV0  any_DD  \0Rh_&FO  antibodies_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  recommended_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  routine_JJ  antibody_NN  detection_NN  method_NN  .  
  occasionally_RR  sera_NNS  are_VBR  encountered_VBN  which_DDQ  give_VV0  pan-agglutination_NN  with_IO  trypsinised_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  antibody_NN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  pan-agglutination_NN  can_VM  usually_RR  be_VB0  quite_RR  easily_RR  removed_VBN  by_IO  incubating_VBG  the_AT1  serum_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  equal_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  patient's_NN1$  own_DA  trypsinised_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  absorbed_JJ  serum_NN  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  re-examined_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  specific_JJ  antibodies_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  standard_JJ  trypsinised_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  \0no_NN  16_MC  .  
  Lo"w's_PPIO2  papain_NN  technique_NN  for_IO  antibody_NN  detection_NN  .  
  equal_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  serum_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  tested_VBN  ,_,  papain_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  suspension_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  cells_NNS  are_VBR  placed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  precipitin_NN  tube_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  care_NN  to_TO  adhere_VV0  strictly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  serum_NN  ,_,  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  papain_NN  ,_,  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  important_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  serum_NN  /_CC  papain_NN  mixture_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  bench_NN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  about_RR  5_MC  minutes_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  red_JJ  cells_NNS  are_VBR  added_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  noted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  results_NNS  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  red_JJ  cells_NNS  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  sink_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  fluid_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  incubation_NN  period_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tubes_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  mixed_VBN  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  test_NN  is_VBZ  read_VBN  after_IO  precisely_RR  one_MC1  hour's_NN1$  incubation_NN  ,_,  controls_NNS  of_IO  known_JJ  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  and_CC  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  cells_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  weak_JJ  incomplete_JJ  anti-D_NN  being_VBG  included_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  batch_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  .  
  comment_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  and_CC  efficient_JJ  technique_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  excellent_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  detection_NN  of_IO  \0Rh_&FO  antibodies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  anti-D_NN  antibodies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  detectable_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  apparent_JJ  by_IO  any_DD  other_DA  technique_NN  ,_,  even_RR  the_AT1  indirect_JJ  Coombs_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  give_VV0  positives_NNS  when_CS certain_JJ  other_DA  antibodies_NNS  are_VBR  present_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  care_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  specificity_NN  of_IO  any_DD  antibody_NN  detected_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  .  
  titration_NN  of_IO  \0Rh_&FO  antibodies_NNS  .  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  17_MC  .  saline_NN  .  
  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  serum_NN  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  saline_NN  as_CS  in_IO  technique_NN  \0no_NN  6_MC  (_(  or_CC  if_CS  desired_VBN  techniques_NNS  \0Nos_NNS  7_MC  or_CC  8_MC  )_)  and_CC  incubated_VBN  at_IO  37_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  for_IO  2_MC  hours_NNS  with_IO  standard_JJ  D-positive_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  (_(  2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  suspension_NN  )_)  in_IO  saline_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tests_NNS  are_VBR  read_VBN  taking_VBG  the_AT1  usual_JJ  precautions_NNS  against_IO  breaking_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  agglutinates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  recorded_VBN  as_CS  for_IO  ABO_&FO  titres_NNS  .  
  (_(  see_VV0  plates_NNS  6_MC  and_CC  7_MC  .  )_)  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  18_MC  .  albumin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  serum_NN  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  AB_&FO  serum_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  standard_JJ  cells_NNS  are_VBR  suspended_VBN  in_IO  30_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  bovine_JJ  albumin_NN  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  other_DA  respects_NNS  the_AT1  method_NN  is_VBZ  identical_JJ  with_IO  technique_NN  \0no_NN  17_MC  .  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  19_MC  .  albumin_NN  addition_NN  .  
  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  AB_&FO  serum_NN  .  
  after_CS  1_MC  1/2_MC  hours'_NN2  incubation_NN  an_AT1  equal_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  bovine_JJ  albumin_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  without_IO  disturbing_VBG  the_AT1  cells_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  30_MC  minutes'_NN2  incubation_NN  the_AT1  tests_NNS  are_VBR  read_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  manner_NN  .  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  20_MC  .  indirect_JJ  Coombs_NP  technique_NN  .  
  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  serum_NN  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  saline_NN  using_VBG  double_JJ  unit_NN  volumes_NNS  (_(  0.06_MC  \0ml_NNU  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  cell-suspension_JB  tubes_NNS  .  
  four_MC  volumes_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  suspension_NN  packed_JJ  washed_JJ  D-positive_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  are_VBR  added_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  tube_NN  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  the_AT1  procedure_NN  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  as_CS  in_IO  technique_NN  \0no_NN  14_MC  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  21_MC  .  trypsin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  of_IO  serum_NN  are_VBR  made_VBN  in_IO  AB_&FO  serum_NN  and_CC  warmed_VBN  to_IO  37_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  before_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  tube_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  equal_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  trypsinised_JJ  D-positive_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tests_NNS  are_VBR  incubated_VBN  for_IO  1_MC  hour_NN  and_CC  read_VBN  by_IO  tapping_VBG  the_AT1  tubes_NNS  and_CC  examining_VBG  the_AT1  contents_NNS  macroscopically_RR  and_CC  if_CS  necessary_JJ  microscopically_RR  for_IO  agglutination_NN  .  
  technique_NN  \0no_NN  22_MC  .  papain_NN  .  
  the_AT1  serial_JJ  dilutions_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  as_CS  for_IO  technique_NN  \0no_NN  18_MC  ,_,  after_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  volume_NN  of_IO  Lo"w's_PPIO2  papain_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  tube_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  followed_VBN  immediately_RR  by_IO  an_AT1  equal_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  suspension_NN  in_IO  saline_NN  of_IO  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tubes_NNS  are_VBR  incubated_VBN  for_IO  exactly_RR  one_MC1  hour_NN  and_CC  then_RL  read_VBN  ,_,  first_RR  tapping_VBG  the_AT1  tube_NN  twice_RR  gently_RR  before_IO  examining_VBG  the_AT1  contents_NNS  macroscopically_RR  and_CC  if_CS  negative_JJ  ,_,  microscopically_RR  .  
  interpretation_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  .  
  sera_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  tested_VBN  by_IO  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  techniques_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  testing_NN  of_IO  \0Rh_&FO  negative_JJ  women_NNS  antenatally_RR  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  recommended_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  saline_NN  (_(  technique_NN  12_MC  )_)  albumin_NN  (_(  technique_NN  13_MC  )_)  and_CC  trypsin_NN  (_(  technique_NN  15_MC  )_)  or_CC  papain_NN  (_(  technique_NN  16_MC  )_)  techniques_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  parallel_NN  .  
  any_DD  reaction_NN  obtained_VBN  ,_,  however_CS weak_JJ  ,_,  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  further_JB  tests_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  confirm_VV0  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  antibody_NN  and_CC  to_TO  establish_VV0  its_APP$  identity_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  serum_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  individual_NN  agglutinates_VBZ  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  control_NN  cells_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  probability_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  serum_NN  contains_VBZ  anti-D_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  specificity_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  confirmed_VBN  by_IO  testing_VBG  against_IO  several_DA  more_DA  examples_NNS  of_IO  D-positive_JJ  and_CC  D-negative_JJ  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  reaction_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  other_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  expected_VBN  for_IO  anti-D_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  serum_NN  requires_VBZ  a_AT1  more_RG  detailed_JJ  investigation_NN  (_(  table_NN  14_MC  )_)  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  undertaken_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  specialist_JJ  serological_JJ  laboratory_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  serum_NN  behaving_VBG  like_IO  anti-D_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  tests_NNS  may_VM  in_IO  fact_NN  be_VB0  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  \0Rh_&FO  antibodies_NNS  .  
  rather_RR  less_DA  than_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  \0Rh_&FO  antibodies_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  \0Rh_&FO  negative_JJ  persons_NNS  are_VBR  mixtures_NNS  of_IO  anti-D_NN  and_CC  anti-C_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  much_RR  smaller_JJ  number_NN  are_VBR  anti-D_NN  plus_IO  anti-E_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  are_VBR  mixtures_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  antibodies_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  particular_JJ  anti-D_NN  is_VBZ  mixed_VBN  with_IO  anti-C_NN  or_CC  anti-E_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  unimportant_JJ  clinically_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  serum_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  for_IO  \0Rh_&FO  typing_NN  purposes_NNS  its_APP$  exact_JJ  content_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  known_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  dangerous_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  for_IO  typing_NN  purposes_NNS  a_AT1  serum_NN  containing_VBG  anti-C_NN  or_CC  anti-E_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  anti-D_NN  ,_,  for_CS  by_IO  this_DD1  means_NN  certain_JJ  individuals_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  fact_NN  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  may_VM  be_VB0  falsely_RR  classed_VBN  as_CS  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  .  
  R*?7r(Cde.cde)_&FO  cells_NNS  which_DDQ  contain_VV0  C_ZZ1  without_IO  D_ZZ1  will_VM  show_VV0  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  anti-C_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  anti-C_NN  plus_IO  anti-D_NN  mixture_NN  while_CS  R*?8r(cdE.cde)_&FO  which_DDQ  contain_VV0  E_ZZ1  without_IO  D_ZZ1  cells_NNS  will_VM  detect_VV0  anti-E_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  anti-E_NN  plus_IO  anti-D_NN  mixture_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  testing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  suspected_JJ  anti-D_NN  against_IO  about_RR  3_MC  D_ZZ1  positive_JJ  and_CC  2_MC  D_ZZ1  negative_JJ  red_JJ  cell_NN  samples_NNS  followed_VBN  by_IO  titration_NN  is_VBZ  adequate_JJ  for_IO  normal_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  detailed_JJ  investigation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  serum_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  (_(  probably_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  specialist_JJ  laboratory_NN  )_)  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  required_VBN  for_IO  \0Rh_&FO  typing_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  possible_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  example_NN  4_MC  (_(  table_NN  14_MC  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  antibody_NN  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  blood_NN  group_NN  systems_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Kell_NP  ,_,  Duffy_NP  ,_,  Kidd_NP  ,_,  Lutheran_NP  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  another_DD1  textbook_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  an_AT1  introduction_NN  to_IO  blood_NN  group_NN  serology_NN  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  consulted_VBN  .  
  antibodies_NNS  related_VBN  to_IO  these_DD2  systems_NNS  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  identified_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  laboratory_NN  possessing_VBG  a_AT1  panel_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  cells_NNS  extensively_RR    genotyped_VBN    to_TO  cover_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  chapter_NN  8_MC  .  
  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  for_IO  transfusion_NN  and_CC  direct_JJ  matching_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  blood_NN  transfusion_NN  has_VHZ  developed_VBN  so_RG  rapidly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  as_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  its_APP$  history_NN  goes_VBZ  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  remote_JJ  past_NN  .  
  in_IO  ancient_JJ  thinking_NN  the_AT1  words_NNS    blood_NC2    and_CC    life_NC2    were_VBDR  almost_RR  interchangeable_JJ  and_CC  many_DA  endeavours_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_TO  transfer_VV0  the_AT1  healthy_JJ  life_NN  blood_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  aged_JJ  and_CC  infirm_JJ  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  recipient_NN  drinking_VBG  the_AT1  blood_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  results_NNS  were_VBDR  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  rather_RR  disappointing_JJ  !_!  
  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  realised_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  transference_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  from_IO  blood_NN  vessel_NN  to_IO  blood_NN  vessel_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  known_VBN  whether_CS  such_DA  an_AT1  exchange_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  performed_VBN  .  
  Harvey's_PPIO2  discovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  gave_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  impetus_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  transfusion_NN  and_CC  Lower_NP  actually_RR  kept_VVD  alive_JJ  dogs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  exsanguinated_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  blood_NN  from_IO  other_DA  dogs_NNS  ,_,  transferred_VBN  by_IO  connecting_VBG  the_AT1  carotid_JJ  artery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_IO  the_AT1  jugular_JJ  vein_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  by_IO  means_II  of_II  quills_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  venture_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  attempts_NNS  to_TO  transfuse_VV0  man_NN  .  
  animals_NNS  (_(  sheep_NNS  and_CC  lambs_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  used_VBN  as_IO  donors_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  were_VBDR  discontinued_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  fourth_MD  recipient_NN  died_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  patient_NN  had_VHD  three_MC  transfusions_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  symptomless_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  showing_VBG  typical_JJ  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  haemolytic_JJ  transfusion_NN  reaction_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  third_MD  resulting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  patient's_NN1$  death_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  experiments_NNS  started_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  sometimes_RR  using_VBG  animal_JJ  blood_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  human_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  results_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  often_RR  serious_JJ  or_CC  even_RR  fatal_JJ  that_CS  transfusion_NN  was_VBDZ  abandoned_VBN  .  
  then_RL  in_IO  1901_MC  Landsteiner_NP  discovered_VVD  the_AT1  ABO_&FO  blood_NN  group_NN  system_NN  and_CC  realised_VVD  immediately_RR  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  discovery_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  some_DD  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  universally_RR  accepted_VBN  that_DD1  blood_NN  grouping_NN  and_CC  direct_JJ  compatibility_NN  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  prelude_NN  to_IO  transfusion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  realised_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  recipient_NN  had_VHD  agglutinins_NNS  active_JJ  at_IO  37_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  serum_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  transfused_JJ  blood_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  agglutinogen_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  blood_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  in_RR  vivo_RR  and_CC  a_AT1  haemolytic_JJ  transfusion_NN  reaction_NN  would_VM  result_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  recipient's_NN1$  red_JJ  cells_NNS  by_IO  transfused_JJ  antibody_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  considered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  real_JJ  danger_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  dilution_NN  factor_NN  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  about_RR  1940_MC  ,_,  group_NN  O_ZZ1  blood_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  safe_JJ  for_IO  transfusion_NN  to_IO  all_DB  groups_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  universal_JJ  donor_NN  blood_NN  .  
  nowadays_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  realised_VBN  that_CS  transfusion_NN  with_IO  homologous_JJ  blood_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  blood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  type_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  recipient_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  of_IO  antibodies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  potential_JJ  donors_NNS  is_VBZ  doubled_VBN  ;_;  an_AT1  important_JJ  point_NN  when_CS the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  blood_NN  is_VBZ  steadily_RR  increasing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  titre_NN  of_IO  anti-A_NN  and_CC  anti-B_NN  antibodies_NNS  in_IO  most_DA  donor_NN  blood_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  dangerous_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  in_IO  emergency_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  pint_NN  of_IO  group_NN  O_ZZ1  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  with_IO  little_DA  risk_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  massive_JJ  transfusions_NNS  of_IO  group_NN  O_ZZ1  blood_NN  to_IO  patients_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  groups_NNS  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  antibody_NN  transfused_VBN  becomes_VBZ  considerable_JJ  and_CC  may_VM  even_RR  result_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  recipient's_NN1$  own_DA  red_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  that_CS  exchange_NN  transfusion_NN  of_IO  infants_NNS  suffering_VBG  from_IO  haemolytic_JJ  disease_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  performed_VBN  with_IO  blood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  infant's_NN1$  own_DA  ABO_&FO  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ABO_&FO  blood_NN  groups_NNS  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  merely_RR  the_AT1  beginning_NN  .  
  today_NN1  many_DA  blood_NN  group_NN  systems_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  which_DDQ  some_DD  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  types_NNS  of_IO  blood_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  differentiated_VBN  .  
  should_VM  they_PPHS2  all_DB  be_VB0  taken_VBN  into_IO  consideration_NN  in_IO  choosing_VBG  blood_NN  for_IO  transfusion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  and_CC  except_CS  in_IO  special_JJ  cases_NNS  only_RR  two_MC  systems_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  fact_NN  considered_VBN  ,_,  ABO_&FO  and_CC  \0Rh_&FO  .  
  when_CS blood_NN  is_VBZ  transfused_VBN  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  dangers_NNS  present_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  two_MC  are_VBR  directly_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  antigen_NN  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  transfused_JJ  blood_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  being_VBG  that_DD1  of_IO  sensitisation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  that_DD1  of_IO  incompatibility_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  case_NN  the_AT1  recipient_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  possess_VV0  the_AT1  antigen_NN  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  transfused_JJ  blood_NN  nor_CC  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  antibody_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  sensitising_JJ  dose_NN  so_CS  that_CS  antibodies_NNS  are_VBR  produced_VBN  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  subsequent_JJ  stimulus_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  antigen_NN  .  
  blood_NN  for_IO  transfusion_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  chosen_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  exclude_VV0  every_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  sensitisation_NN  but_CCB  fortunately_RR  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  group_NN  systems_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  strongly_RR  antigenic_JJ  in_IO  man_NN  and_CC  can_VM  usually_RR  be_VB0  disregarded_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  exception_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  \0Rh_&FO  system_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  sensitisation_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  faced_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ABO_&FO  system_NN  (_(  where_CS antibodies_NNS  occur_VV0  naturally_RR  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  other_DA  systems_NNS  whenever_CS atypical_JJ  antibodies_NNS  active_JJ  at_IO  37_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  formed_VBN  the_AT1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_DD1  of_IO  sensitisation_NN  but_CCB  of_IO  incompatibility_NN  .  
  a_AT1  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  systems_NNS  ,_,  ABO_&FO  and_CC  \0Rh_&FO  ,_,  gives_VBZ  an_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  factors_NNS  involved_VBN  and_CC  how_CS best_RBT  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  objective_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  safe_JJ  transfusion_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ABO_&FO  blood_NN  group_NN  system_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  the_AT1  antibodies_NNS  are_VBR  naturally_RR  occurring_VBG  and_CC  over_RR  95_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  all_DB  recipients_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  anti-A_NN  and/or_CC  anti-B_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  serum_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ABO_&FO  blood_NN  grouping_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  straightforward_JJ  procedure_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  of_IO  direct_JJ  matching_NN  techniques_NNS  will_VM  detect_VV0  any_DD  incompatibility_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  mistakes_NNS  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  are_VBR  clerical_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  technical_JJ  .  
  3_MC  .  
  results_NNS  .  
  classification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  .  
  every_AT1  person_NN  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  over_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  supply_VV0  a_AT1  specimen_NN  of_IO  urine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  answer_VV0  a_AT1  questionnaire_NN  (_(  table_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  very_RG  young_JJ  children_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  tested_VBN  because_CS  apart_IO  from_II  any_DD  practical_JJ  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  florid_JJ  manifestations_NNS  of_IO  diabetes_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  age_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  unnecessary_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  any_DD  subsequent_JJ  survey_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  include_VV0  this_DD1  age_NN  group_NN  .  
  2,071_MC  males_NNS  and_CC  2,034_MC  females_NNS  were_VBDR  tested_VBN  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  an_AT1  81_MC  %_NNU  response_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  thirty-three_MC  previously_RR  diagnosed_VBN  cases_NNS  of_IO  diabetes_NN  were_VBDR  collected_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  practitioners'_NN2  and_CC  clinic_NN  records_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boy_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  five_MC  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  total_NN  examined_JJ  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  4,105+1_&FO  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  the_AT1  19_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  non-cooperators_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  different_JJ  in_IO  age_NN  or_CC  other_DA  environmental_JJ  factor_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  calculating_VBG  rates_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  assumed_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  random_JJ  sample_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  population_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  testing_VBG  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  aetiological_JJ  factors_NNS  ,_,  further_JB  consideration_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  any_DD  affect_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  excluded_VBN  as_RG  rigorously_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  normal_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  in_IO  whom_WPO  no_AT1  glycosuria_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  examination_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  control_NN  group_NN  .  
  only_RR  those_DD2  discovered_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  glycosuria_NN  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  undergo_VV0  a_AT1  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  test_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  known_JJ  diabetics_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  previously_RR  verified_VBN  and_CC  were_VBDR  already_RR  under_IO  treatment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  blood_NN  sugar_NN  curves_NNS  we_PPIS2  obtained_VVD  show_VV0  a_AT1  gradual_JJ  rise_NN  in_IO  continuous_JJ  sequence_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  diabetic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  three_MC  arbitrary_JJ  divisions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  because_CS  a_AT1  true_JJ  glucose_NN  method_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  sugar_NN  estimation_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  levels_NNS  considered_VBN  important_JJ  are_VBR  160_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  1_MC  hour_NN  ,_,  140_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  1_MC  1/2_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  120_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  2_MC  hours_NNS  (_(  Conn_NP  1958_MC  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  levels_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_TO  divide_VV0  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  and_CC  lower_JJ  blood_NN  sugar_NN  curves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  level_NN  separates_VBZ  the_AT1  cases_NNS  of_IO  transient_JJ  or_CC  intermittent_JJ  from_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  constant_JJ  glycosuria_NN  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  universal_JJ  agreement_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  lower_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  blood_NN  sugar_NN  in_IO  diabetes_NN  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  curve_NN  was_VBDZ  noted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  particular_JJ  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  where_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fasting_NN  level_NN  at_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  our_APP$  grouping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  examined_JJ  population_NN  is_VBZ  classified_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:    A_ZZ1  .  the_AT1  unaffected_JJ  population_NN  or_CC  control_NN  group_NN  of_IO  3,916_MC  persons_NNS  .  B_ZZ1  .  known_JJ  diabetics_NNS  ,_,  33_MC  .  C_ZZ1  .  glycosurics_NNS  ,_,  167_MC  .  
  the_AT1  glycosurics_NNS  in_IO  turn_NN  are_VBR  subdivided_VBN  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  blood_NN  sugar_NN  curves_NNS  (_(  diagrams_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  )_)  .  
  a_ZZ1  .  
  latent_JJ  diabetics_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  high_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  curve_NN  ,_,  25_MC  .  
  b_ZZ1  .  
  intermediate_JJ  .  
  in_IO  42_MC  cases_NNS  the_AT1  blood_NN  sugar_NN  levels_NNS  rose_VVD  to_IO  ,_,  or_CC  only_RR  just_RR  above_IO  160_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  1_MC  hour_NN  ,_,  140_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  1_MC  1/2_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  120_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  2_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  c_ZZ1  .  
  transient_JJ  or_CC  intermittent_JJ  glycosurics_NNS  with_IO  low_JJ  or_CC  normal_JJ  blood_NN  sugar_NN  levels_NNS  ,_,  75_MC  .  
  d_ZZ1  .  
  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  25_MC  glycosurics_NNS  on_IO  whom_WPO  no_AT1  test_NN  was_VBDZ  performed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  known_JJ  diabetics_NNS  in_IO  Ibstock_NP  is_VBZ  between_IO  1.3_MC  %_NNU  and_CC  1.4_MC  %_NNU  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  take_VV0  Ibstock_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  random_JJ  sample_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  95_MC  %_NNU  confidence_NN  limits_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  incidence_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  are_VBR  1.0_MC  %_NNU  and_CC  1.6_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  exactly_RR  comparable_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  limits_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  wider_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  range_NN  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  results_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  other_DA  similarly_RR  conducted_VBN  surveys_NNS  of_IO  whole_JJ  population_NN  groups_NNS  (_(  table_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abnormal_JJ  groups_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  known_JJ  diabetics_NNS  (_(  diagram_NN  4a_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  thirty-three_MC  previously_RR  diagnosed_VBN  diabetics_NNS  form_VV0  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  artificial_JJ  group_NN  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  duration_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  disease_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  diabetic_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  answered_VVD  the_AT1  questions_NNS  .  
  wherever_CS this_DD1  could_VM  bias_VV0  a_AT1  result_NN  in_IO  testing_VBG  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  any_DD  factor_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  group_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  excluded_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  others_DA2  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  answering_VBG  the_AT1  questionnaire_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  these_DD2  results_NNS  of_IO  particular_JJ  statistical_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  in_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  known_JJ  cases_NNS  diagnosed_VBN  and_CC  under_IO  treatment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  ,_,  twenty-nine_MC  were_VBDR  already_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  practitioners'_NN2  lists_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  during_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  three_MC  more_DA  men_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  boy_NN  under_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  whom_WPO  had_VHD  indisputable_JJ  symptoms_NNS  and_CC  signs_NNS  ,_,  thus_RR  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  nine_MC  males_NNS  and_CC  twenty-four_MC  females_NNS  are_VBR  put_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  credit_NN  .  
  these_DD2  cases_NNS  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  examined_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  diabetic_JJ  clinic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Leicester_NP  royal_JJ  Infirmary_NNL1  although_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  all_DB  traced_VBN  until_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  improbable_JJ  that_CS  any_DD  previously_RR  diagnosed_JJ  diabetic_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  unrecorded_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  percentage_NN  figure_NN  for_IO  known_JJ  cases_NNS  ,_,  when_CS estimated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  5,406_MC  ,_,  =_&FO  0.61_MC  %_NNU  .  
  in_IO  diagram_NN  3_MC  an_AT1  attempt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  assumed_JJ  diabetic_JJ  problem_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  small_JJ  community_NN  before_CS  any_DD  search_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  latent_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  known_JJ  diabetics_NNS  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  age_NN  and_CC  year_NN  of_IO  diagnosis_NN  .  
  superimposed_VBN  are_VBR  the_AT1  diabetics_NNS  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  died_VBN  in_IO  Ibstock_NP  since_IO  1940_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  base_NN  line_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  living_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  longest_JJT  duration_NN  was_VBDZ  diagnosed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  now_RL  no_AT1  diabetics_NNS  living_VBG  in_IO  Ibstock_NP  who_PNQS were_VBDR  diagnosed_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  cases_NNS  for_IO  another_DD1  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  some_DD  may_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  the_AT1  village_NN  ;_;  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  deaths_NNS  recorded_VBN  during_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  possibility_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  these_DD2  were_VBDR  war_NN  years_NNS  and_CC  food_NN  rationing_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  force_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  elderly_JJ  ,_,  mild_JJ  and_CC  obese_JJ  diabetics_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  sufficiently_RR  controlled_VBN  by_IO  increased_JJ  activity_NN  and_CC  less_DA  food_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  remained_VBN  latent_JJ  and_CC  symptom_NN  free_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  free_JJ  of_IO  glycosuria_NN  .  
  since_IO  1951_MC  the_AT1  average_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  diabetics_NNS  diagnosed_VBN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  four_MC  per_IO  annum_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  have_VH0  all_DB  presented_VBN  with_IO  symptoms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  latent_JJ  diabetics_NNS  (_(  diagram_NN  4b_MC  )_)  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  discovered_JJ  glycosurics_NNS  ,_,  25_MC  persons_NNS    11_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  14_MC  women_NNS    show_VV0  the_AT1  frankly_RR  diabetic_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  curve_NN  (_(  diagrams_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  )_)  .  
  estimated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  examined_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  4,105_MC  ,_,  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  percentage_NN  for_IO  latent_JJ  diabetes_NN  in_IO  Ibstock_NP  as_IO  0.67_MC  %_NNU  .  
  no_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  thirst_NN  ,_,  polyuria_NN  nor_CC  loss_NN  in_IO  weight_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  and_CC  these_DD2  people_NNS  were_VBDR  unsuspected_JJ  by_IO  themselves_PPX2  or_CC  their_APP$  doctors_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  physical_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  group_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  reluctance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individuals_NNS  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  diabetic_NN  clinic_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  general_JJ  practitioners_NNS  have_VH0  marked_VBN  their_APP$  record_NN  cards_NNS  with_IO  coloured_JJ  indicators_NNS  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  under_IO  their_APP$  particular_JJ  scrutiny_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  also_RR  allowed_VBN  the_AT1  health_NN  visitor_NN  for_IO  diabetics_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  of_IO  Leicestershire_NP  to_TO  call_VV0  and_CC  give_VV0  any_DD  necessary_JJ  dietetic_JJ  instruction_NN  and_CC  to_TO  institute_VV0  a_AT1  regular_JJ  follow_NN  up_NN"  service_NN  of_IO  urine_NN  testing_NN  and_CC  weighing_NN  .  
  this_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  latent_JJ  diabetics_NNS  were_VBDR  all_DB  over_RR  forty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  most_DA  were_VBDR  considerably_RR  over_JJ  weight_JJ"  ;_;  none_PN1  have_VH0  yet_RR  required_VBN  regular_JJ  insulin_NN  treatment_NN  .  
  intermediate_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  pre-diabetics_NNS  (_(  diagram_NN  4c_MC  )_)  .  
  abnormal_JJ  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  curves_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  in_IO  forty-two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  glycosurics_NNS  examined_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  not_XX  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  characteristic_JJ  levels_NNS  used_VBN  for_IO  diagnosing_VBG  diabetes_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  correspond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  criteria_NNS  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  Conn_NP  (_(  1958_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  limits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  were_VBDR  defined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  sugar_NN  levels_NNS  of_IO  160_MC  ,_,  140_MC  ,_,  120_MC  \0mgm_NNU  %_NNU  at_IO  1_MC  ,_,  1_MC  1/2_MC  ,_,  and_CC  2_MC  hours_NNS  respectively_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  three_MC  cases_NNS  this_DD1  level_NN  separated_VVD  the_AT1  constant_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  transient_JJ  glycosurics_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  upper_JB  levels_NNS  naturally_RR  merge_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  diabetic_JJ  curves_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  later_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  factors_NNS  that_CS  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  important_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  probable_JJ  pre-diabetics_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  younger_JJ  people_NNS  show_VV0  this_DD1  change_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  older_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  excess_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  30_MC  \0m_JJ  :_:  12_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  practical_JJ  impossibility_NN  to_TO  perform_VV0  cortisone_NN  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  tests_NNS  (_(  Conn_NP  1958_MC  )_)  ,_,  (_(  Fajans_NP  and_CC  Conn_NP  1959_MC  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  group_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  investigation_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  great_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  to_TO  perform_VV0  serial_JJ  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  tests_NNS  at_IO  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  year_NN  intervals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  practitioners_NNS  have_VH0  again_RR  tagged_VBN  the_AT1  medical_JJ  record_NN  cards_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  coloured_JJ  indicator_NN  so_CS  that_CS  at_IO  any_DD  attendance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  surgery_NN  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  diabetes_NN  is_VBZ  remembered_VBN  and_CC  any_DD  significant_JJ  data_NNS  noted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  this_DD1  amount_NN  of_IO  clinical_JJ  supervision_NN  will_VM  alter_VV0  the_AT1  natural_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  preventive_JJ  action_NN  .  
  transient_JJ  or_CC  intermittent_JJ  glycosuria_NN  (_(  diagram_NN  5a_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  glycosurics_NNS  with_IO  normal_JJ  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  tests_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  age_NN  range_NN  was_VBDZ  5_MC  to_IO  81_MC  (_(  table_NN  3_MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  48_MC  males_NNS  and_CC  27_MC  females_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  three_MC  cases_NNS  of_IO  constant_JJ  glycosuria_NN  which_DDQ  satisfy_VV0  the_AT1  stricter_JJ  definition_NN  of_IO  renal_JJ  glycosuria_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  constant_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  glucose_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  urine_NN  at_IO  normal_JJ  or_CC  sub-normal_JJ  blood_NN  sugar_NN  levels_NNS  .  
  transient_JJ  glycosuria_NN  with_IO  normoglycaemia_NN  may_VM  indicate_VV0  transient_JJ  lowering_NN  of_IO  renal_JJ  threshold_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  commonly_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  pregnancy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  as_CS  with_IO  pregnancy_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  increased_JJ  liability_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  diabetes_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  wise_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  open_JJ  mind_NN  and_CC  to_TO  follow_VV0  up_RP  these_DD2  cases_NNS  with_IO  urine_NN  and_CC  possibly_RR  blood_NN  sugar_NN  estimations_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  date_NN  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  true_JJ  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  finding_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  change_NN  in_IO  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Clinistix_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  as_CS  positive_JJ  .  
  glycosurics_NNS  on_IO  whom_WPO  no_AT1  glucose_NN  tolerance_NN  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  performed_VBN  (_(  diagram_NN  5b_MC  )_)  .  
  twenty-five_MC  glycosurics_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  reason_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  subjected_VBN  to_IO  blood_NN  sugar_NN  examination_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  three_MC  were_VBDR  diabetic_JJ  ;_;  one_MC1  of_IO  whom_WPO  ,_,  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  died_VVD  of_IO  coronary_JJ  artery_NN  occlusion_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  test_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  .  
  case_NN  205_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  diabetic_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  clinical_JJ  impression_NN  suggested_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  conjugal_JJ  diabetes_NN  .  
  case_NN  1082_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  short_JJ  and_CC  stout_JJ  ,_,  utterly_RR  refused_VVD  further_JB  tests_NNS  .  
  case_NN  1568_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  minimal_JJ  glycosuria_NN  ,_,  pregnant_JJ  and_CC  left_VVD  Ibstock_NP  .  
  case_NN  2081_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  recently_RR  discharged_VBN  from_IO  mental_JJ  hospital_NN  .  
  case_NN  3112_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  glycosuria_NN  found_VBN  during_IO  an_AT1  attack_NN  of_IO  influenza_NN  .  
  on_IO  re-testing_VBG  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sugar_NN  free_JJ  .  
  case_NN  3352_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  on_IO  re-testing_VBG  no_AT1  glycosuria_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  .  
  case_NN  3458_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  urine_NN  only_RR  faintly_RR  positive_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  doctor_NN  reported_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  hermit_NN  type_NN    and_CC  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  .  
  case_NN  3429_MC  \0f_JJ  .  
  aged_JJ  82_MC  and_CC  too_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  feeble_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  troubled_VBN  .  
  case_NN  118_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  paranoid_JJ  schizophrenic_NN  ,_,  difficult_JJ  and_CC  dangerous_JJ  .  
  case_NN  133_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  aged_JJ  81_MC  .  
  too_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  frail_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  specimen_NN  of_IO  urine_NN  was_VBDZ  negative_JJ  .  
  case_NN  1088_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  refused_VVD  to_TO  lose_VV0  time_NN  from_IO  work_NN  .  
  case_NN  1286_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  improvident_JJ  and_CC  careless_JJ  ;_;  wife_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  severe_JJ  diabetic_NN  .  
  case_NN  1666_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  mother_NN  diabetic_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  off_IO  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  case_NN  1672_MC  \0m_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  three_MC  sons_NNS  gave_VVD  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  investigation_NN  for_IO    renal_JJ  glycosuria_NN    25_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  men_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  prepared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  time_NN  from_IO  work_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  .  
  changes_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  field_NN  work_NN  finished_VVD  ,_,  two_MC  diabetics_NNS  have_VH0  returned_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  again_RR  in_IO  Ibstock_NP  where_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  originally_RR  diagnosed_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  1951_MC  .  
  a_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  2_MC  1/2_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  at_IO  onset_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  staying_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  residential_JJ  home_NN1  for_IO  diabetic_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  England_NP  as_CS  his_APP$  home_NN1  environment_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  good_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  diagnosed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  51_MC  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  diabetic_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  short_JJ  and_CC  stout_JJ  and_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  require_VV0  insulin_NN  .  
  three_MC  new_JJ  diabetics_NNS  were_VBDR  diagnosed_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  doctors_NNS  in_IO  1959_MC  ,_,  two_MC  of_IO  whom_WPO  had_VHD  been_VBN  tested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  25_MC  developed_VVD  diabetes_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  acute_JJ  form_NN  and_CC  requires_VBZ  insulin_NN  .  
  a_AT1  woman_NN  of_IO  54_MC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  negative_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  but_CCB  now_RL  requires_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  dieted_VBN  strictly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  ,_,  an_AT1  obese_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  previously_RR  refused_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  tested_VBN  or_CC  she_PPHO1  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  under_IO  treatment_NN  sooner_RRR  .  
  these_DD2  changes_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  continuity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  examining_VBG  but_CCB  have_VH0  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  taken_VBN  into_IO  account_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  sections_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  introduce_VV0  bias_NN  .  
  section_NN  2_MC  .  
  x_ZZ1  rays_NNS  :_:  half-value_JB  thickness_NN  range_NN  1.0-4.0_MC-MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  .  
  (_(  200-400_MC-MC  \0kV_NNU  )_)  .  
  closed-ended_JJ  applicators_NNS  .  
  compiled_VBN  by_IO  .  
  \0R_NP  \0G_NP  Wood_NP  ,_,  \0M.Sc_NNSB1  ,_,  \0F.Inst.P_NNSB1  ,_,  \0A.M.I.E.E_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  \0W_NP  \0H_NP  Sutherland_NP  ,_,  \0B.Sc_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Infirmary_NNL1  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  .  
  and_CC  \0M_NP  Cohen_NP  ,_,  \0Ph.D_NNSB1  ,_,  \0A.R.C.S_NNSB1  ,_,  \0A.Inst.P_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0E.1_NP  .  
  the_AT1  tables_NNS  published_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  section_NN  in_IO  supplement_NN  \0no_NN  5_MC  were_VBDR  compiled_VBN  by_IO  Clarkson_NP  from_IO  measurements_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  hospital_NN  physicists_NNS  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  .  
  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  other_DA  tables_NNS  derived_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sources_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  suffered_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  disadvantage_NN  that_CS  several_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  thickness_NN  of_IO  applicator_NN  end-plate_NN  )_)  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  data_NNS  referred_VVD  were_VBDR  not_XX  closely_RR  defined_VBN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  if_CS  smoothing_NN  of_IO  survey_NN  data_NNS  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  values_NNS  calculated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  empirical_JJ  formula_NN  to_TO  fit_VV0  the_AT1  figures_NNS  available_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  inconsistency_NN  will_VM  inevitably_RR  remain_VV0  since_CS  no_AT1  formulae_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  found_VBN  which_DDQ  ensure_VV0  smoothness_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  ways_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  depth-dose_JB  data_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  plotted_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  below_II  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  decided_VBN  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  survey_NN  data_NNS  with_IO  tables_NNS  derived_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  centre_NN  ,_,  thus_RR  bringing_VBG  this_DD1  section_NN  into_IO  line_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  other_DA  sections_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  supplement_NN  concerned_VBN  with_IO  low_JJ  and_CC  medium_JB  energy_NN  radiation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  tables_NNS  have_VH0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  compared_VBN  with_IO  data_NNS  made_VBN  available_JJ  from_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  centres_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  tables_NNS  for_IO  diaphragm-limited_JJ  fields_NNS  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  .  
  source_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  present_JJ  tables_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  on_IO  water-phantom_JB  measurements_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  Cardiff_NP  by_IO  Wood_NP  and_CC  Sutherland_NP  using_VBG  an_AT1  ionization_NN  chamber_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  diameter_NN  3_MC  \0mm_NNU  so_RR  arranged_VBN  that_CS  its_APP$  centre_NN  could_VM  approach_VV0  to_IO  1.5_MC  \0mm_NNU  from_IO  the_AT1  applicator_NN  end-plate_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  intervening_JJ  tank_NN  wall_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  check_NN  an_AT1  experimental_JJ  comparison_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  technique_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Oliver_NP  and_CC  Kemp_NP  ,_,  1949_MC  )_)  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  1955_MC  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  Cohen_NP  .  
  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  x-ray_NN  set_NN  using_VBG  alternately_RR  a_AT1  Kemp_NP  ionization_NN  current_NN  comparator_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  chamber_NN  of_IO  external_JJ  diameter_NN  6_MC  \0mm_NNU  (_(  Kemp_NP  ,_,  1945_MC  ;_;  Kemp_NP  and_CC  Banfield_NP  ,_,  1957_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  of_IO  Wood_NP  and_CC  Sutherland_NP  .  
  this_DD1  comparison_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  when_CS allowance_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  small_JJ  differences_NNS  near_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  significant_JJ  disagreement_NN  existed_VVD  between_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  techniques_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  measurements_NNS  of_IO  percentage_NN  depth_NN  dose_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  tables_NNS  were_VBDR  derived_VBN  were_VBDR  made_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  Westinghouse_NP  Quadrocondex_NP  machine_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  conditions_NNS  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  the_AT1  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  square_JJ    Fulfield_NP    applicators_NNS  of_IO  50_MC  \0cm_NNU  \0F.S.D_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ends_NNS  being_VBG  closed_VBN  with_IO  flat_JJ  Perspex_NP  of_IO  thickness_NN  1/8_MC  inch_NN  (_(  approximately_RR  3_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  .  
  strictly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  data_NNS  refer_VV0  only_RR  to_IO  these_DD2  applicators_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  clinical_JJ  purposes_NNS  the_AT1  tables_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  any_DD  applicator_NN  of_IO  similar_JJ  design_NN  provided_CS  the_AT1  thickness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end-plate_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  similar_JJ  material_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  of_IO  using_VBG  applicators_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  design_NN  or_CC  end-plate_NN  thickness_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  further_RRR  in_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  publication_NN  .  
  no_AT1  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  for_IO  zero_MC  area_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  information_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  .  
  smoothing_NN  and_CC  extrapolation_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  .  
  smoothing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  data_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  square_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  graphically_RR  by_IO  plotting_VBG  (_(  1_MC  )_)  individual_JJ  depth-dose_JB  curves_NNS  on_IO  \0log_&FO  /_CC  linear_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  percentage_NN  depth_NN  dose_NN  versus_IO  square_JJ  root_NN  of_IO  area_NN  on_IO  linear_JJ  paper_NN  for_IO  individual_JJ  depths_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  percentage_NN  depth_NN  dose_NN  versus_IO  half-value_JB  thickness_NN  on_IO  linear_JJ  paper_NN  for_IO  individual_JJ  depths_NNS  .  
  values_NNS  for_IO  depths_NNS  from_IO  16_MC  to_IO  20_MC  \0cm_NNU  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  by_IO  extrapolation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  justified_VBN  since_CS  the_AT1  logarithmic_JJ  plots_NNS  of_IO  depth_NN  dose_NN  are_VBR  straight_JJ  lines_NNS  from_IO  10_MC  \0cm_NNU  downwards_RR  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  table_NN  for_IO  2.5_MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  interpolation_NN  ,_,  while_CS  that_DD1  for_IO  4.0_MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  extrapolation_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  purpose_NN  guidance_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  additional_JJ  experimental_JJ  data_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Victoria_NP  Infirmary_NNL1  ,_,  Newcastle_NP  upon_IO  Tyne_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  uncertainties_NNS  of_IO  extrapolation_NN  this_DD1  table_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  somewhat_RR  less_RG  reliable_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  data_NNS  for_IO  rectangular_JJ  fields_NNS  .  
  Johns_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  have_VH0  used_VBN  the_AT1  data_NNS  for_IO  square_JJ  fields_NNS  to_TO  calculate_VV0  tables_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  rectangular_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  using_VBG  Clarkson's_PPIO2  (_(  1941_MC  )_)  method_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  digital_JJ  computer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_IO  Toronto_NP  .  
  depth_NN  doses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  radiation_NN  were_VBDR  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  those_DD2  given_VBN  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  computed_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  percentage_NN  depth_NN  dose_NN  were_VBDR  smoothed_VBN  graphically_RR  ,_,  by_IO  methods_NNS  (_(  1_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  above_II  ,_,  prior_RR  to_IO  tabulation_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  rectangular_JJ  fields_NNS  included_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  tables_NNS  are_VBR  different_JJ  from_IO  those_DD2  given_VBN  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  data_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  shall_VM  correspond_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  applicators_NNS  most_RG  commonly_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  .  
  data_NNS  for_IO  circular_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  other_DA  rectangles_NNS  may_VM  readily_RR  be_VB0  computed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  field_NN  method_NN  (_(  see_VV0  appendix_NN  A_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  comparison_NN  with_IO  previous_JJ  tables_NNS  (_(  supplement_NN  \0no_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  deviations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  tables_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  are_VBR  expressed_VBN  as_IO  percentages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  dose_NN  .  
  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  1.5-3.0_MC-MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  ,_,  for_IO  areas_NNS  of_IO  100_MC  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  and_CC  above_II  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  tables_NNS  agree_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  to_IO  within_IO  3_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  on_IO  average_NN  ,_,  with_IO  occasional_JJ  divergencies_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  the_AT1  new_JJ  values_NNS  are_VBR  lower_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  ,_,  except_CS  when_CS both_DB2  area_NN  and_CC  depth_NN  are_VBR  large_JJ  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  1.5-3.0_MC-MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  ,_,  for_IO  areas_NNS  less_DA  than_IO  100_MC  \0cm*:2**:_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  values_NNS  are_VBR  significantly_RR  lower_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  ,_,  confirming_VBG  the_AT1  findings_NNS  of_IO  Cohen_NP  (_(  1955_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  differences_NNS  amount_VV0  to_IO  5_MC  to_IO  7_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  some_DD  depths_NNS  reach_VV0  10_MC  to_IO  12_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  at_IO  1.0_MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  the_AT1  new_JJ  values_NNS  are_VBR  lower_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  areas_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  difference_NN  being_VBG  4_MC  to_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  comparison_NN  with_IO  data_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  centres_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  from_IO  Cardiff_NP  covering_VBG  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  qualities_NNS  from_IO  1.0_MC  to_IO  3.0_MC  \0mm_NNU  of_IO  \0Cu_&FO  \0H.V.T_NN  presented_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tables_NNS  ,_,  recent_JJ  measurements_NNS  at_IO  some_DD  qualities_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  Infirmary_NNL1  (_(  Bradford_NP  )_)  ,_,  western_JJ  general_JJ  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Edinburgh_NP  )_)  ,_,  Lambeth_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  London_NP  )_)  ,_,  Christie_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Manchester_NP  )_)  and_CC  war_NN  memorial_NN  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Scunthorpe_NP  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  measurements_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  intercompared_VBN  ,_,  revealing_VBG  close_JJ  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  centres_NNS  ,_,  provided_CS  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  differences_NNS  occurring_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  2_MC  or_CC  3_MC  \0cm_NNU  by_IO  matching_VBG  at_IO  some_DD  arbitrary_JJ  depth_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  5_MC  \0cm_NNU  .  
  these_DD2  differences_NNS  are_VBR  partly_RR  real_JJ  ,_,  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  applicators_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  mainly_RR  only_RR  apparent_JJ  ,_,  arising_VBG  from_IO  variations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  assessing_VBG  the_AT1  surface_NN  dose_NN  .  
  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  small_JJ  diameter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chamber_NN  used_VBN  and_CC  its_APP$  close_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  values_NNS  tabulated_VBN  represent_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  close_JJ  approximation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  variation_NN  in_IO  dose_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  comparison_NN  with_IO  data_NNS  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  depth-dose_JB  data_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  range_NN  of_IO  qualities_NNS  measured_VBN  by_IO  Johns_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  in_IO  Saskatchewan_NP  are_VBR  presented_VBN  in_IO  section_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Canadian_JJ  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  with_IO  open_JJ  applicators_NNS  of_IO  special_JJ  design_NN  (_(  see_VV0  introduction_NN  to_IO  section_NN  3_MC  )_)  and_CC  differ_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  data_NNS  in_CS  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  scatter_NN  component_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  or_CC  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  applicator_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  data_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  compared_VBN  after_IO  applying_VBG  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  transformation_NN  suggested_VBN  by_IO  Johns_NP  ,_,  Fedoruk_NP  ,_,  Kornelsen_NP  ,_,  Epp_NP  and_CC  Darby_NP  (_(  1952_MC  )_)  ,_,  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  depths_NNS  0_MC  to_IO  1_MC  \0cm_NNU  kindly_RR  supplied_VBN  privately_RR  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Fedoruk_NP  .  
  agreement_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  within_IO  experimental_JJ  error_NN  provided_CS  an_AT1  appropriate_JJ  equivalent_JJ  water_NN  thickness_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  allows_VBZ  approximately_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  end-plate_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  applicator_NN  walls_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nominal_JJ  thickness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  applicator_NN  end-plate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  water_NN  thickness_NN  (_(  for_IO  Fulfield_NP  applicators_NNS  ,_,  1/8_MC  inch_NN  flat_JJ  Perspex_NP  end-plates_NNS  )_)  is_VBZ  independent_JJ  of_IO  area_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  varies_VBZ  with_IO  \0H.V.T_NN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  since_CS  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  water_NN  thickness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end-plate_NN  alone_RR  is_VBZ  approximately_RR  3.8_MC  \0mm_NNU  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  allowance_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  scatter_NN  contribution_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  applicator_NN  walls_NNS  is_VBZ  substantial_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  simple_JJ  correction_NN  factors_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  end-plate_NN  only_RR  ,_,  measured_VBN  by_IO  Johns_NP  ,_,  Hunt_NP  and_CC  Fedoruk_NP  (_(  1954_MC  )_)  ,_,  are_VBR  insufficient_JJ  for_IO  applicators_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  considered_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  .  
  surface_NN  back-scatter_NN  factors_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  values_NNS  published_VBN  by_IO  Greening_NP  (_(  1954_MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  based_VBN  on_IO  measurements_NNS  made_VBN  at_IO  11_MC  centres_NNS  with_IO  seven_MC  different_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  x-ray_NN  generator_NN  .  
  section_NN  4_MC  .  
  gamma_NN  rays_NNS  :_:  caesium_NN  137_MC  teletherapy_NN  units_NNS  .  
  reviewed_VBN  by_IO  .  
  \0J_NP  \0E_NP  Burns_NP  ,_,  \0M.Sc_NNSB1  ,_,  \0A.Inst.P_NNSB1  ,_,  Westminster_NP  Hospital_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  \0S.W.1_NP  .  
  sources_NNS  of_IO  data_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  work_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  completed_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reviewer_NN  ,_,  seven_MC  caesium_NN  units_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  in_IO  clinical_JJ  use_NN  ,_,  four_MC  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  three_MC  in_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  .  
  data_NNS  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  from_IO  six_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  centres_NNS  :_:  Addenbrooke's_PPIO2  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Cambridge_NP  )_)  ,_,  royal_JJ  Marsden_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  London_NP  )_)  ,_,  royal_JJ  south_NN1  \0Hants_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  Southampton_NP  )_)  ,_,  Westminster_NP  Hospital_NNL1  (_(  London_NP  )_)  ,_,  Ontario_NP  cancer_NN  institute_NN  (_(  Canada_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Alice_NP  Lloyd_NP  radiation_NN  therapy_NN  centre_NN  (_(  Michigan_NP  ,_,  \0U.S.A_NP  )_)  .  
  energy_NN  of_IO  radiation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  caesium_NN  source_NN  at_IO  Michigan_NP  was_VBDZ  manufactured_VBN  at_IO  Oak_NP  Ridge_NP  national_JJ  laboratory_NN  ;_;  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  sources_NNS  were_VBDR  manufactured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  atomic_JJ  energy_NN  authority_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  caesium_NN  137_MC  is_VBZ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  freedom_NN  from_IO  contamination_NN  by_IO  other_DA  radioactive_JJ  materials_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  sources_NNS  may_VM  differ_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  degree_NN  of_IO  contamination_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  effective_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  radiation_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  different_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  importance_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  data_NNS  given_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  being_VBG  mainly_RR  from_IO  British_JJ  sources_NNS  ,_,  applies_VBZ  also_RR  to_IO  sources_NNS  manufactured_VBN  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  to_IO  American_JJ  sources_NNS  .  
  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  data_NNS  received_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  caesium_NN  unit_NN  at_IO  Michigan_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  probably_RR  does_VBZ  apply_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  half-value_JB  thicknesses_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  British_JJ  sources_NNS  were_VBDR  reasonably_RR  consistent_JJ  ,_,  varying_VBG  from_IO  5.3_MC  \0mm_NNU  to_IO  5.7_MC  \0mm_NNU  (_(  mean_NN  5.4_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  in_IO  lead_NN  ,_,  from_IO  10.6_MC  \0mm_NNU  to_IO  11.0_MC  \0mm_NNU  (_(  mean_NN  10.8_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  in_IO  copper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  7.8_MC  to_IO  8.0_MC  \0cm_NNU  (_(  mean_NN  7.9_MC  \0cm_NNU  )_)  in_IO  water_NN  .  
  comparing_VBG  the_AT1  American_JJ  source_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  percentage_NN  depth_NN  doses_NNS  differ_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  (_(  see_VV0  later_RRR  )_)  by_IO  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  *?141_&FO  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  dose_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  half-value_JB  thickness_NN  in_IO  lead_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  good_JJ  agreement_NN  ,_,  5.35_MC  \0mm_NNU  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  half-value_JB  thicknesses_NNS  in_IO  copper_NN  and_CC  water_NN  are_VBR  rather_RR  higher_JJ  ,_,  11.25_MC  \0mm_NNU  and_CC  8.35_MC  \0cm_NNU  respectively_RR  .  
  using_VBG  the_AT1  calculated_JJ  attenuation_NN  coefficients_NNS  of_IO  white_JJ  Grodstein_NP  (_(  1957_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  half-value_JB  thicknesses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  sources_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  to_TO  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  effective_JJ  photon_NN  energy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  radiation_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  and_CC  can_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  0.66_MC  \0MeV_NNU  for_IO  caesium_NN  137_MC  g_ZZ1  rays_NNS  .  
  back-scatter_NN  factors_NNS  .  
  data_NNS  were_VBDR  received_VBN  from_IO  four_MC  centres_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  smoothed_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  values_NNS  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  .  
  individual_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  back-scatter_NN  factors_NNS  differed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  by_IO  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  in_IO  estimating_VBG  the_AT1  dose-rate_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  level_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  dose-rate_NN  in_IO  air_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  variations_NNS  of_IO  air_NN  dose_NN  with_IO  area_NN  are_VBR  at_RR  least_RR  as_RG  great_JJ  as_IO  (_(  and_CC  are_VBR  additional_JJ  to_IO  )_)  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  back-scatter_NN  with_IO  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  values_NNS  will_VM  of_RR  course_RR  depend_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  collimator_NN  system_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unit_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  unit_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  information_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  dose-rate_NN  in_IO  air_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  working_JJ  \0S.S.D_NN  increases_VBZ  by_IO  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  from_IO  a_AT1  4_MC  x_IO  4_MC  \0cm_NNU  field_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  16_MC  x_IO  16_MC  \0cm_NNU  field_NN  ;_;  as_CS  the_AT1  back-scatter_NN  factor_NN  varies_VBZ  by_IO  4_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  over_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  range_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  skin_NN  dose_NN  will_VM  vary_VV0  by_IO  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  percentage_NN  depth_NN  doses_NNS  .  
  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  caesium_NN  sources_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  several_DA  centimetres_NNS  long_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  define_VV0  the_AT1  term_NN  source-skin_NC2  distance_NC2  (_(  \0S.S.D_NC2  )_)  for_IO  these_DD2  units_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  \0S.S.D_NN  adopted_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  skin_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  source_NN  container_NN  .  
  four_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  centres_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  chosen_VBN  this_DD1  definition_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  units_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  centres_NNS  were_VBDR  using_VBG  different_JJ  definitions_NNS  but_CCB  when_CS their_APP$  values_NNS  for_IO  \0S.S.D_NN  were_VBDR  converted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  common_JJ  definition_NN  their_APP$  percentage_NN  depth_NN  doses_NNS  showed_VVD  improved_JJ  agreement_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  four_MC  centres_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  definition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0S.S.D.s_NNS  at_IO  which_DDQ  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  were_VBDR  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  comparison_NN  ,_,  all_DB  percentage_NN  depth_NN  doses_NNS  were_VBDR  converted_VBN  to_IO  40_MC  \0cm_NNU  \0S.S.D_NN  using_VBG  the_AT1  method_NN  described_VBN  by_IO  Johns_NP  ,_,  Bruce_NP  and_CC  Reid_NP  (_(  1958_MC  )_)  and_CC  Burns_NP  (_(  1958_MC  )_)  (_(  see_VV0  appendix_NN  B_ZZ1  )_)  ;_;  40_MC  \0cm_NNU  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  midway_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  extremes_NNS  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  minimise_VV0  any_DD  errors_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  conversion_NN  may_VM  introduce_VV0  .  
  asphyxia_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  cause_NN  for_IO  death_NN  in_IO  drowning_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  widely_RR  accepted_VBN  until_IO  world_NN  war_NN  2_MC  ,_,  when_CS research_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  was_VBDZ  initiated_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_TO  save_VV0  the_AT1  lives_NNS  of_IO  pilots_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  forced_VBN  to_TO  land_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  Swann_NP  (_(  1951_MC  )_)  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  to_TO  conduct_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  investigations_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  followed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  modern_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  has_VHZ  emerged_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  important_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  drowning_VBG  in_IO  fresh_JJ  and_CC  salt_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  dogs_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  entered_VVD  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  absorbed_VBN  with_IO  great_JJ  rapidity_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  rise_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  minutes_NNS  to_IO  rapidly_RR  fatal_JJ  heart_NN  failure_NN  in_IO  ventricular_JJ  fibrillation_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grossly_RR  diluted_VBN  blood_NN  entering_VBG  the_AT1  heart_NN  muscle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gross_JJ  and_CC  rapid_JJ  dilution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  in_IO  freshwater_JB  drowning_NN  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  Swann_NP  and_CC  at_IO  only_RR  3_MC  minutes_NNS  after_IO  submersion_NN  the_AT1  blood_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  diluted_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  equal_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  inhaled_JJ  water_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  death_NN  occurs_VBZ  rapidly_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  .  
  in_IO  sea_NN  water_NN  drowning_NN  Swann_NP  showed_VVD  that_CS  water_NN  was_VBDZ  rapidly_RR  withdrawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  inhaled_JJ  sea_NN  water_NN  ,_,  concentrating_VBG  the_AT1  blood_NN  and_CC  giving_VBG  rise_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  gradual_JJ  heart_NN  failure_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  ventricular_JJ  fibrillation_NN  that_PNQS occurred_VVD  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gross_JJ  and_CC  rapid_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  in_IO  sea_NN  water_NN  drowning_NN  was_VBDZ  well_RR  demonstrated_VBN  in_CS  that_CS  after_IO  only_RR  3_MC  minutes'_NN2  submersion_NN  the_AT1  blood_NN  had_VHD  lost_VBN  some_DD  40_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  its_APP$  water_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  salts_NNS  in_IO  sea_NN  water_NN  passed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  reverse_JJ  direction_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  to_TO  cause_VV0  further_JB  disorganization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  chemicals_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  again_RR  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  death_NN  occurs_VBZ  rapidly_RR  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  .  
  Swann_NP  also_RR  showed_VVD  the_AT1  resuscitation_NN  was_VBDZ  usually_RR  successful_JJ  with_IO  drowned_JJ  dogs_NNS  when_CS heart_NN  failure_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  occurred_VBN  :_:  once_CS  heart_NN  failure_NN  and_CC  falling_JJ  blood_NN  pressure_NN  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  survival_NN  was_VBDZ  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  irregular_JJ  heart_NN  beats_NNS  and_CC  respirations_NNS  might_VM  occur_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  minutes_NNS  afterwards_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  lethal_JJ  heart_NN  failure_NN  often_RR  occurred_VVD  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  2_MC  minutes_NNS  after_IO  complete_JJ  submersion_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  explaining_VBG  the_AT1  higher_JJ  mortality_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  modern_JJ  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  on_IO  animals_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  in_IO  humans_NNS  would_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  whether_CS  it_PPH1  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  fresh_JJ  or_CC  salt_JJ  water_NN  .  
  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  in_IO  humans_NNS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  expect_VV0  a_AT1  rapid_JJ  death_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  partly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  asphyxia_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  mainly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  sudden_JJ  heart_NN  failure_NN  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  absorption_NN  of_IO  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  .  
  in_IO  salt_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  in_IO  humans_NNS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  also_RR  expect_VV0  a_AT1  rapid_JJ  death_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  asphyxia_NN  and_CC  partly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  rapid_JJ  concentration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  .  
  in_IO  drowning_NN  in_IO  other_DA  waters_NNS  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  would_VM  probably_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  whether_CS  the_AT1  saline_JJ  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  greater_JJ  or_CC  less_DA  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  emphasized_VBN  that_CS  death_NN  often_RR  occurs_VBZ  within_IO  6_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  almost_RR  invariably_RR  with_IO  10_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  becoming_VBG  totally_RR  immersed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  cases_NNS  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  whilst_CS  still_RR  alive_JJ  are_VBR  doomed_VBN  to_TO  die_VV0  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  devastating_JJ  changes_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  already_RR  taken_VBN  place_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  whether_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  fresh_JJ  or_CC  salt_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  knowledge_NN  explains_VBZ  the_AT1  very_RG  high_JJ  mortality_NN  rate_NN  in_IO  drowning_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  rescued_VBN  from_IO  water_NN  before_CS  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  have_VH0  apparently_RR  been_VBN  inhaled_VBN  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  very_RG  rapid_JJ  rescue_NN  ,_,  shock_NN  ,_,  reflex_NN  inhibition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  or_CC  persistent_JJ  spasm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  passages_NNS  ,_,  preventing_VBG  or_CC  restricting_VBG  inhalation_NN  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  cases_NNS  that_CS  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  would_VM  offer_VV0  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  chance_NN  of_IO  recovery_NN  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  presumably_RR  cases_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  gross_JJ  disturbance_NN  of_IO  body_NN  fluid_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  such_DA  grave_JJ  effects_NNS  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  of_IO  drowning_NN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  ,_,  drowning_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  simple_JJ  asphyxia_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  obstruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  passages_NNS  and_CC  lungs_NNS  by_IO  water_NN  but_CCB  is_VBZ  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  process_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  violent_JJ  disturbances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  fluids_NNS  and_CC  chemicals_NNS  make_VV0  the_AT1  situation_NN  so_RG  much_RR  worse_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  concerned_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  modern_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  and_CC  ,_,  although_CS  much_DA  is_VBZ  still_RR  not_XX  understood_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  worth_IO  considering_VBG  other_DA  important_JJ  aspects_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  the_AT1  signs_NNS  and_CC  symptoms_NNS  ,_,  prognosis_NN  ,_,  resuscitation_NN  and_CC  prevention_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  forensic_JJ  problems_NNS  relevant_JJ  to_IO  dead_JJ  bodies_NNS  removed_VBN  from_IO  water_NN  .  
  signs_NNS  and_CC  symptoms_NNS  .  
  drowning_NN  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  witnessed_VBN  but_CCB  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  is_VBZ  apparently_RR  as_CS  follows_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  swimmer_NN  remains_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  exhausted_JJ  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  course_NN  in_IO  swimmers_NNS  and_CC  non-swimmers_NNS  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  drowning_JJ  person_NN  sinks_VBZ  and_CC  rises_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  inhales_VBZ  a_DA  little_DA  water_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  passages_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  prevented_VBN  from_IO  entering_VBG  his_APP$  lungs_NNS  by_IO  coughing_NN  and_CC  glottic_JJ  spasm_NN  .  
  (_(  rarely_RR  he_PPHO1  may_VM  die_VV0  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  from_IO  shock_NN  ,_,  reflex_NN  inhibition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  ,_,  from_IO  pre-existing_JB  heart_NN  disease_NN  or_CC  from_IO  almost_RR  pure_JJ  asphyxia_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  unrelenting_JJ  glottic_JJ  spasm_NN  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  continues_VBZ  to_TO  rise_VV0  and_CC  sink_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  shouts_VBZ  for_IO  help_NN  ,_,  coughs_NNS  and_CC  chokes_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  not_XX  inhale_VV0  much_DA  water_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  lungs_NNS  .  
  with_IO  increasing_JJ  asphyxia_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  glottic_JJ  spasm_NN  he_PPHO1  loses_VBZ  consciousness_NN  and_CC  cough_NN  reflex_NN  ,_,  sinks_VBZ  and_CC  inhales_VBZ  large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  lethal_JJ  exchanges_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  occur_VV0  .  
  oxygen_NN  reserves_NNS  become_VV0  severely_RR  depleted_JJ  within_IO  6_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  within_IO  10_MC  minutes_NNS  heart_NN  and_CC  respiration_NN  almost_RR  invariably_RR  cease_VV0  .  
  death_NN  occurs_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  sinks_VBZ  and_CC  remains_VBZ  submerged_JJ  until_CS  putrefaction_NN  and_CC  gas_NN  formation_NN  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  some_DD  days_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  drowning_NN  vary_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  case_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  from_IO  sensations_NNS  of_IO  tranquillity_NN  to_IO  utmost_JB  distress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  two_MC  cases_NNS  are_VBR  quoted_VBN  by_IO  Polson_NP  (_(  1955_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  case_NN  (_(  originally_RR  reported_VBN  by_IO  Cullen_NP  ,_,  1894_MC  )_)  the_AT1  sensations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  rescued_VBN  from_IO  drowning_NN  at_IO  sea_NN  are_VBR  particularly_RR  interesting_JJ  .  
  self-preservation_NN  was_VBDZ  dominant_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  at_RR  first_RR  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  great_JJ  distress_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  others_DA2  swimming_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  experienced_VVD  only_RR  acute_JJ  suffering_NN  as_CS  described_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  sank_VVD  and_CC  gasped_VVD  involuntarily_RR  ,_,  then_RL  all_DB  other_DA  senses_NNS  were_VBDR  overpowered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  agonizing_JJ  scorching_JJ  pain_NN  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  the_AT1  rush_NN  of_IO  salt_JJ  water_NN  into_IO  my_APP$  lungs_NNS  .  
  from_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  conscious_JJ  only_RR  of_IO  that_DD1  burning_JJ  suffocation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  intense_JJ  desire_NN  that_CS  others_DA2  might_VM  know_VV0  what_DDQ  had_VHD  become_VBN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  except_IO  for_II  that_DD1  one_MC1  thought_NN  my_APP$  brain_NN  was_VBDZ  dulled_VBN    .  
  she_PPHO1  complained_VVD  of_IO  roaring_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  ears_NNS  and_CC  redness_NN  before_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unconscious_JJ  when_CS rescued_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  within_IO  3_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  she_PPHO1  first_RR  became_VVD  submerged_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  Admiral_NNSB1  Beaufort_NP  ,_,  also_RR  quoted_VBN  by_IO  Polson_NP  (_(  1955_MC  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  partially_RR  drowned_VBN  when_CS a_AT1  boy_NN  and_CC  rescued_VBN  within_IO  2_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  painless_JJ  tranquillity_NN  and_CC  thoughts_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  previous_JJ  life_NN  .  
  in_IO  another_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  boy_NN  of_IO  15_MC  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  accidentally_RR  submerged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  River_NNL1  Derwent_NP  (_(  news_NN  chronicle_NN  ,_,  August_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  for_IO  an_AT1  uncertain_JJ  period_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rescued_VBN  and_CC  recovered_VVD  following_IO  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  .  
  of_IO  his_APP$  experiences_NNS  he_PPHO1  stated_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  remember_VV0  sinking_VBG  .  
  whilst_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  dream_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  train_NN  to_IO  heaven_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  expected_VVD  to_TO  wake_VV0  up_RP  again_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  unlikely_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  cases_NNS  who_PNQS lived_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  tale_NN  that_CS  substantial_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  inhaled_VBN  .  
  prognosis_NN  and_CC  resuscitation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  survival_NN  following_IO  drowning_NN  must_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  depend_VV0  on_IO  many_DA  factors_NNS    the_AT1  fitness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  duration_NN  of_IO  immersion_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  water_NN  inhaled_VBN  being_VBG  most_RG  important_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  person_NN  with_IO  heart_NN  disease_NN  may_VM  die_VV0  from_IO  sudden_JJ  shock_NN  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  falls_VBZ  into_IO  cold_JJ  water_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unusual_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  subjects_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  dead_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  warm_JJ  domestic_JJ  baths_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  being_VBG  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  .  
  in_IO  fit_JJ  persons_NNS  the_AT1  prognosis_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  asphyxia_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  water_NN  inhaled_VBN  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  submerged_VBN  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  stand_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  survival_NN  in_IO  that_CS  oxygen_NN  reserves_NNS  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  completely_RR  exhausted_VBN  and_CC  spasm_NN  or_CC  shock_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  prevented_VBN  or_CC  restricted_VBN  the_AT1  inhalation_NN  of_IO  water_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS large_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  inhaled_VBN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  recovery_NN  will_VM  occur_VV0  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  heart_NN  may_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  beat_VV0  ineffectually_RR  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  after_IO  rescue_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  stressed_VBN  again_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  inhale_VV0  these_DD2  lethal_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  fluid_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  short_JJ  indeed_RGA  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  fresh_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  where_CS explosive_JJ  absorption_NN  of_IO  water_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  may_VM  cause_VV0  fatal_JJ  ventricular_JJ  fibrillation_NN  in_IO  as_RG  little_DA  as_IO  2_MC  minutes_NNS  after_IO  commencing_VBG  to_TO  breathe_VV0  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  in_IO  sea_NN  water_NN  drowning_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  as_RG  rapid_JJ  and_CC  thus_RR  the_AT1  time_NN  available_JJ  for_IO  rescue_NN  and_CC  resuscitation_NN  is_VBZ  pitifully_RR  short_JJ  in_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  passed_VBN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  phase_NN  of_IO  glottic_JJ  spasm_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  phase_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  substantial_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  are_VBR  inhaled_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  recovery_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  probably_RR  inhaled_VBN  only_RR  a_DA  little_DA  water_NN  is_VBZ  better_JJ  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  here_RL  no_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  delay_NN  in_IO  attempting_VBG  resuscitation_NN  for_CS  irrecoverable_JJ  changes_NNS  can_VM  occur_VV0  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  victim_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  loosen_VV0  clothing_NN  or_CC  clear_VV0  the_AT1  airway_NN    these_DD2  matters_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  left_VBN  until_CS  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  by_IO  any_DD  recommended_JJ  method_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  commenced_VBN  .  
  in_IO  theory_NN  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  continued_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  until_CS  regular_JJ  spontaneous_JJ  breathing_NN  has_VHZ  occurred_VBN  or_CC  death_NN  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  asked_VBN  most_RG  often_RR  is_VBZ  :_:  
    how_CS long_RR  should_VM  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  be_VB0  continued_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  signs_NNS  of_IO  recovery_NN  .    
  answers_NNS  vary_VV0  greatly_RR  but_CCB  most_DA  would_VM  agree_VV0  that_CS  15_MC  minutes'_NN2  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  before_CS  an_AT1  examination_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  and_CC  this_DD1  process_NN  repeated_VBN  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  1_MC  hour_NN  before_CS  attempts_NNS  are_VBR  finally_RR  abandoned_VBN  (_(  Donald_NP  ,_,  1955_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  occasionally_RR  stated_VBN  that_CS  successful_JJ  resuscitation_NN  may_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  when_CS the_AT1  drowned_JJ  individual_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  submerged_VBN  for_IO  prolonged_JJ  periods_NNS  .  
  Bates_NP  in_IO  1938_MC  ,_,  reporting_VBG  six_MC  cases_NNS  of_IO  recovery_NN  from_IO  alleged_JJ  drowning_NN  with_IO  submersion_NN  up_RP  to_IO  35_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  artificial_JJ  respiration_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  continued_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  body_NN  had_VHD  cooled_VBN  substantially_RR  or_CC  the_AT1  early_JJ  signs_NNS  of_IO  rigor_NN  mortis_NN"  were_VBDR  present_JJ  .  
  present_NN  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  drowning_NN  throws_VBZ  grave_JJ  doubt_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  such_DA  prolonged_JJ  periods_NNS  of_IO  submersion_NN  with_IO  subsequent_JJ  survival_NN  .  
  Taylor_NP  (_(  1956_MC  )_)  regards_VBZ  recorded_JJ  cases_NNS  of_IO  recovery_NN  after_IO  submersion_NN  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  7_MC  or_CC  8_MC  minutes_NNS  as_CS  wholly_RR  unreliable_JJ  unless_CS  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  intermittent_JJ  or_CC  incomplete_JJ  as_CS  might_VM  occur_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  pockets_NNS  of_IO  upturned_JJ  boats_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  theoretically_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  submersion_NN  in_IO  extremely_RR  cold_JJ  water_NN  might_VM  on_IO  rare_JJ  occasions_NNS  chill_VV0  the_AT1  body_NN  so_RG  rapidly_RR  that_CS  vital_JJ  organs_NNS  are_VBR  protected_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  (_(  as_CS  is_VBZ  now_RL  practised_VBN  surgically_RR  )_)  ,_,  allowing_VBG  survival_NN  after_IO  periods_NNS  of_IO  submersion_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  ordinarily_RR  be_VB0  lethal_JJ  (_(  Donald_NP  ,_,  1955_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  life_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  preserved_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  rare_JJ  chance_NN  would_VM  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  some_DD  attempt_NN  at_IO  resuscitation_NN  in_IO  all_DB  bodies_NNS  freshly_RR  recovered_VBN  from_IO  water_NN  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  current_JJ  practice_NN  .  
  when_CS recovery_NN  occurs_VBZ  following_IO  drowning_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  ultimately_RR  complete_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  significant_JJ  residual_JJ  damage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  (_(  Rushton_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  ,_,  heart_NN  or_CC  brain_NN  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  observation_NN  and_CC  treatment_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  required_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  to_TO  guard_VV0  against_IO  complications_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  individual_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  survived_VBN  fresh_JJ  water_NN  drowning_NN  may_VM  show_VV0  evidence_NN  of_IO  severe_JJ  destruction_NN  of_IO  red_JJ  blood_NN  cells_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  excessive_JJ  absorption_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  with_IO  resulting_JJ  temporary_JJ  kidney_NN  damage_NN  and_CC  staining_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  urine_NN  by_IO  red_JJ  blood_NN  pigment_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  Rath's_PPIO2  case_NN  (_(  1954_MC  )_)  quoted_VBN  by_IO  Bowden_NP  (_(  1957_MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  cardiac_JJ  failure_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  alteration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  volume_NN  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  absorption_NN  or_CC  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  fluid_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  circulation_NN  and_CC  gross_JJ  congestion_NN  and_CC  oedema_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lungs_NNS  may_VM  occur_VV0  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  and_CC  cause_NN  death_NN  when_CS recovery_NN  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  .  
  pneumonia_NN  may_VM  also_RR  occur_VV0  early_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  inhalation_NN  of_IO  substantial_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  dirty_JJ  and_CC  infected_JJ  water_NN  .  
  haemophilia_NN  complicated_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  acquired_JJ  circulating_NN  anti-coagulant_NN  :_:  a_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  three_MC  cases_NNS  .  
  Michael_NP  Hall_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Radcliffe_NP  Infirmary_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  .  
  a_AT1  circulating_JJ  anticoagulant_NN  may_VM  arise_VV0  in_IO  patients_NNS  with_IO  haemophilia_NN  and_CC  Christmas_NP  disease_NN  or_CC  may_VM  appear_VV0  sporadically_RR  in_IO  normal_JJ  people_NNS  (_(  Lewis_NP  ,_,  Ferguson_NP  and_CC  Arends_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  ;_;  Verstraete_NP  and_CC  Vandenbroucke_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  ;_;  Hougie_NP  ,_,  1955_MC  ;_;  Nilsson_NP  ,_,  Skanse_NP  and_CC  Eydell_NP  ,_,  1958_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  anticoagulant_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  studied_VBN  by_IO  various_JJ  workers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS suggest_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  prevents_VBZ  the_AT1  reaction_NN  between_IO  antihaemophilic_JJ  globulin_NN  (_(  \0AHG_NN  )_)  and_CC  Christmas_NP  factor_NN  by_IO  destroying_JJ  \0AHG_NN  (_(  Hougie_NP  and_CC  Fearnley_NP  ,_,  1954_MC  ;_;  Bersagel_NP  and_CC  Hougie_NP  1956_MC  :_:  Biggs_NP  and_CC  Bidwell_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  anticoagulant_NN  may_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  some_DD  patients_NNS  to_TO  respond_VV0  to_IO  treatment_NN  with_IO  \0AHG-containing_JJ  material_NN  .  
  recognition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  anticoagulant_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  very_RG  small_JJ  amounts_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  important_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  method_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  detection_NN  and_CC  assay_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  described_VBN  (_(  Biggs_NP  and_CC  Bidwell_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  patients_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  three_MC  cases_NNS  are_VBR  described_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  methods_NNS  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  haematological_JJ  investigations_NNS  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  Biggs_NP  and_CC  Macfarlane_NP  (_(  1957_MC  )_)  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inhibitor_NN  assay_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  by_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  Biggs_NP  and_CC  Bidwell_NP  (_(  1959_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  human_JJ  \0AHG_NN  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  and_CC  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Lister_NP  Institute_NNL1  of_IO  sterile_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  case_NN  reports_NNS  .  
  case_NN  1_MC  .  
  this_DD1  patient_NN  (_(  \0R_NP  \0I_NP  \0no_NN  80047_MC  )_)  ,_,  aged_JJ  23_MC  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  on_IO  May_NN1  23rd_MD  ,_,  1958_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  family_NN  history_NN  of_IO  haemophilia_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  younger_JJ  brother_NN  being_VBG  affected_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  first_RR  recognized_VBN  as_CS  haemophilic_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  2_MC  years_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  bled_VVD  profusely_RR  following_IO  circumcision_NN  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  admitted_VBN  to_IO  hospital_NN  on_IO  many_DA  occasions_NNS  with_IO  various_JJ  bleeding_NN  episodes_NNS  ,_,  mainly_RR  haemarthroses_NNS  and_CC  haematomata_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Nuffield_NP  orthopaedic_JJ  centre_NN  in_IO  September_NN1  1956_MC  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  flexion_NN  contracture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  hip_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  had_VHD  responded_VBN  well_RR  to_IO  treatment_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  occasion_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Nuffield_NP  orthopaedic_JJ  centre_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  within_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  admission_NN  developed_VVD  severe_JJ  right-sided_JJ  abdominal_JJ  pain_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  tenderness_NN  ,_,  pyrexia_NN  and_CC  vomiting_NN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  diagnosis_NN  of_IO  acute_JJ  appendicitis_NN  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  transferred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Radcliffe_NP  Infirmary_NNL1  .  
  on_IO  examination_NN  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  pale_JJ  and_CC  ill_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  right_JJ  knee_NN  and_CC  hip_NN  were_VBDR  flexed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  guarding_NN  and_CC  tenderness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  iliac_JJ  fossa_NN  and_CC  right_JJ  groin_NN  ,_,  with_IO  tenderness_NN  high_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  posterior_JJ  rectal_JJ  wall_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  anaesthesia_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  femoral_JJ  nerve_NN  .  
  blood_NN  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  115/70_MC  .  
  the_AT1  haemoglobin_NN  was_VBDZ  11.4_MC  \0g_NNU  per_IO  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  .  
  a_AT1  diagnosis_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  right-sided_JJ  retroperitoneal_JJ  haematoma_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  treated_VBN  with_IO  analgesics_NNS  ,_,  transfusions_NNS  of_IO  fresh_JJ  plasma_NN  and_CC  blood_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  this_DD1  ,_,  bleeding_NN  continued_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  haemoglobin_NN  dropped_VVD  to_IO  7.7_MC  \0g_NNU  per_IO  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  .  
  his_APP$  general_JJ  condition_NN  was_VBDZ  weaker_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  jaundiced_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  treatment_NN  was_VBDZ  unusual_JJ  and_CC  some_DD  routine_JJ  laboratory_NN  tests_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  sample_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  patient's_NN1$  blood_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  control_NN  ,_,  suggested_VVD  that_CS  an_AT1  inhibitor_NN  of_IO  \0AHG_NN  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  treated_VBN  with_IO  2200_MC  plasma_NN  equivalents_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  \0AHG_NN  intravenously_RR  .  
  this_DD1  produced_VVD  a_AT1  characteristic_JJ  and_CC  severe_JJ  reaction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  failed_VVD  to_TO  halt_VV0  the_AT1  bleeding_NN  process_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  developed_VVD  a_AT1  haematoma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  chest_NN  wall_NN  and_CC  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  he_PPHO1  complained_VVD  of_IO  dysphagia_NN  and_CC  difficulty_NN  in_IO  breathing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  chest_NN  x-ray_NN  showed_VVD  evidence_NN  of_IO  mediastinal_JJ  extension_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  haematoma_NN  .  
  haematological_JJ  investigation_NN  had_VHD  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  shown_VBN  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inhibitor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  being_VBG  33-50_MC-MC  units_NNS  per_IO  \0ml_NNU  (_(  1_MC  unit_NN  of_IO  inhibitor_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  amount_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  destroy_VV0  75_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  added_JJ  \0AHG_NN  in_IO  1_MC  hour_NN  (_(  Biggs_NP  and_CC  Bidwell_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  )_)  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  level_NN  of_IO  inhibitor_NN  no_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  \0AHG-containing_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  either_LE  animal_JJ  or_CC  human_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  effective_JJ  in_IO  halting_VBG  the_AT1  bleeding_NN  process_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inhibitor_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  by_IO  exchange_NN  transfusion_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  exchange_NN  transfusion_NN  equivalent_NN  to_IO  twice_RR  the_AT1  blood_NN  volume_NN  was_VBDZ  performed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  inhibitor_NN  level_NN  fell_VVD  to_IO  5.9_MC  units_NNS  per_IO  \0ml_NNU  and_CC  the_AT1  clotting_NN  time_NN  to_IO  23-30_MC-MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  improved_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  doses_NNS  of_IO  animal_JJ  \0AHG_NN  ,_,  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  3200_MC  \0ml_NNU  and_CC  3300_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  fresh_JJ  plasma_NN  were_VBDR  given_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  clotting_NN  time_NN  to_IO  6_MC  3/4_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  inhibitor_NN  level_NN  to_IO  5.0_MC  units_NNS  per_IO  \0ml_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  trace_NN  of_IO  \0AHG_NN  was_VBDZ  measurable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  two_MC  further_JB  doses_NNS  of_IO  animal_JJ  \0AHG_NN  ,_,  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  3000_MC  \0ml_NNU  and_CC  8000_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  fresh_JJ  plasma_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  given_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  clotting_NN  time_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  from_IO  60_MC  minutes_NNS  to_IO  15_MC  minutes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  inhibitor_NN  level_NN  to_IO  3.9_MC  units_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  plasma_NN  \0AHG_NN  level_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  obtained_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  marked_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  general_JJ  condition_NN  following_IO  the_AT1  exchange_NN  transfusion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  jaundice_NN  and_CC  haematomata_NNS  disappeared_VVD  .  
  dysphagia_NN  disappeared_VVD  after_IO  about_RR  24_MC  hours_NNS  .  
  pain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  and_CC  groin_NN  lessened_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  gradually_RR  became_VVD  able_JJ  to_TO  straighten_VV0  his_APP$  leg_NN  .  
  a_AT1  mild_JJ  pyrexia_NN  developed_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  exchange_NN  transfusion_NN  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  signs_NNS  of_IO  pneumonia_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  treated_VBN  with_IO  tetracycline_NN  ,_,  500_MC  \0mg_NNU  6-hourly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  improved_VVD  .  
  hydrocortisone_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  daily_JJ  dose_NN  of_IO  200_MC  \0mg_NNU  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  preventing_VBG  further_JB  formation_NN  of_IO  anticoagulant_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  sit_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  troublesome_JJ  complication_NN  was_VBDZ  persistent_JJ  bleeding_NN  from_IO  the_AT1    cut_VBN  down_RP    site_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  cannula_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  inserted_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  necessitated_VVD  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  of_IO  20_MC  pints_NNS  of_IO  blood_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  eventually_RR  stopped_VBN  by_IO  repeated_JJ  packing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wound_NN  with_IO  Calgitex_NP  ribbon_NN  gauze_NN  soaked_VBN  in_IO  Russell's_PPIO2  viper_NN  venom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cannula_NN  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  in_IO  situ_NN  for_IO  several_DA  days_NNS  following_IO  the_AT1  exchange_NN  in_IO  case_NN  of_IO  emergency_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  removed_VBN  on_IO  June_NN1  12th_MD  ,_,  when_CS nearly_RR  all_DB  bleeding_NN  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  .  
  further_JB  intermittent_JJ  oozing_NN  continued_VBN  for_IO  10_MC  days_NNS  after_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  another_DD1  seven_MC  pints_NNS  of_IO  blood_NN  were_VBDR  transfused_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  June_NN1  14th_MD  his_APP$  temperature_NN  rose_VVD  abruptly_RR  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  72_MC  hours_NNS  reached_VVD  104_MC  *@_NNU  \0F_NP  .  
  no_AT1  obvious_JJ  cause_NN  was_VBDZ  discernible_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  tender_JJ  haematoma_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  outer_JB  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  forearm_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  resulted_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  venepuncture_NN  .  
  blood_NN  cultures_NNS  remained_VVD  sterile_JJ  :_:  a_AT1  swab_NN  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1    cut_VBN  down_RP    site_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  arm_NN  grew_VVD  a_AT1  penicillin-resistant_JB  Staphylococcus_&FW  aureus_&FW  but_CCB  this_DD1  wound_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  appear_VV0  infected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  pyrexia_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  ascribed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  transfusions_NNS  and_CC  absorption_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  hydrocortisone_NN  was_VBDZ  discontinued_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  penicillin_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  dose_NN  of_IO  125_MC  \0mg_NNU  \0t.d.s_RR  and_CC  sulphamethoxypyridazine_NN  at_IO  0.5_MC  \0g_NNU  daily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  swinging_JJ  pyrexia_NN  continued_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  haematoma_NN  increased_VVD  ,_,  brawny_JJ  oedema_NN  developed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  oedema_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  ;_;  by_IO  June_NN1  28th_MD  the_AT1  haematoma_NN  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  infected_VBN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  pointing_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  lateral_JJ  condyle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  humerus_NN  .  
  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  bloodstained_JJ  pus_NN  was_VBDZ  aspirated_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  abcess_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  incised_VBN  .  
  \0Staph_&FW  aureus_&FW  resistant_JJ  to_IO  penicillin_NN  ,_,  aureomycin_NN  and_CC  tetracycline_NN  was_VBDZ  cultured_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  pus_NN  .  
  management_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  directed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staphylococcal_JJ  infection_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  bleeding_NN  diathesis_NN  .  
  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC  ,_,  various_JJ  antibiotics_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  in_IO  full_JJ  dosage_NN  and_CC  between_IO  July_NN1  13th_MD  and_CC  26th_MD  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  chloramphenicol_NN  ,_,  500_MC  \0mg_NNU  6-hourly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  intravenous_JJ  Furadantin_NP  ,_,  30_MC  \0ml_NNU  per_IO  litre_NN  of_IO  normal_JJ  saline_JJ  \0b.d_NN  ,_,  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  controlled_VBN  the_AT1  infection_NN  .  
  but_CCB  relapse_NN  ensued_VVD  on_IO  July_NN1  27th_MD  and_CC  a_AT1  blood_NN  culture_NN  grew_VVD  \0Staph_&FW  aureus_&FW  resistant_JJ  to_IO  penicillin_NN  ,_,  tetracycline_NN  and_CC  erythromycin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  Furadantin_NP  and_CC  chloramphenicol_NN  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  organism_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  grown_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  pus_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  elbow_NN  .  
  the_AT1  patient_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  desperately_RR  ill_JJ  .  
  intravenous_JJ  penicillin_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  dose_NN  of_IO  12_MC  million_MC  units_NNS  per_IO  100_MC  \0ml_NNU  of_IO  normal_JJ  saline_NN  6-hourly_RR  with_IO  Benemid_NP  ,_,  0.5_MC  \0g_NNU  6-hourly_RR  by_IO  mouth_NN  .  
  penicillin_NN  blood_NN  levels_NNS  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  32_MC  units_NNS  per_IO  \0ml_NNU  were_VBDR  obtained_VBN  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  dramatic_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  temperature_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  general_JJ  condition_NN  and_CC  appetite_NN  improved_VVD  .  
  by_IO  August_NN1  18th_MD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_RR  better_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  all_DB  antibiotics_NNS  was_VBDZ  discontinued_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  haematoma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  forearm_NN  produced_VVD  two_MC  sloughing_JJ  discharging_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  posteriorly_RR  and_CC  one_MC1  anteriorly_RR  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  which_DDQ  had_VHD  superabundant_JJ  granulations_NNS  protruding_VBG  from_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  these_DD2  shrank_VVD  considerably_RR  and_CC  eventually_RR  healed_VVD  (_(  \0fig_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  continual_JJ  blood_NN  loss_NN  occurred_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  incised_JJ  abscess_NN  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  anterior_JJ  slough_NN  .  
  treatment_NN  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  because_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  veins_NNS  into_IO  which_DDQ  needles_NNS  or_CC  metal_NN  cannulae_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  inserted_VBN  .  
  to_TO  allow_VV0  time_NN  for_IO  veins_NNS  to_TO  recanalize_VV0  ,_,  polyethylene_NN  cannulae_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  inserted_VBN  through_IO  larger_JJ  veins_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  femoral_JJ  ,_,  subclavian_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  superior_JJ  caval_JJ  veins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  patient_NN  bled_VVD  profusely_RR  from_IO  these_DD2    cut_JJ  down_RP    sites_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  control_VV0  bleeding_NN  by_IO  pressure_NN  ,_,  Stypven_NP  or_CC  Calgitex_NP  gauze_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  cannulae_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  in_IO  situ_NN  .  
  these_DD2  procedures_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  necessary_JJ  ,_,  only_RR  aggravated_VVD  the_AT1  transfusion_NN  problem_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  transfused_VBN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1_MC  )_)  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  patient_NN  was_VBDZ  debilitated_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  felt_VVD  much_RR  better_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  3000_MC  calorie_NN  diet_NN  .  
  his_APP$  pyrexia_NN  settled_VVD  after_IO  4_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  haematoma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  anterior_JJ  abdominal_JJ  wall_NN  developed_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  complained_VVD  of_IO  vomiting_NN  and_CC  of_IO  pain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  groin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  haemoglobin_NN  fell_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  blood_NN  transfusion_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  melaena_NN  began_VVD  and_CC  became_VVD  more_RG  frequent_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  fluid_JJ  .  
  further_JB  deterioration_NN  ensued_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  haematoma_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  groin_NN  and_CC  thigh_NN  and_CC  became_VVD  grossly_RR  infected_VBN  .  
  by_IO  October_NN1  8th_MD  large_JJ  fluid_JJ  stools_NNS  containing_VBG  almost_RR  pure_JJ  blood_NN  were_VBDR  passed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  further_JB  blood_NN  transfusions_NNS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  in_IO  coma_NN  on_IO  October_NN1  9th_MD  .  
  during_IO  admission_NN  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  270_MC  pints_NNS  of_IO  blood_NN  .  
  necropsy_JJ  report_NN  (_(  \0R.I.P.M_NP  \0no_NN  771/58_MC  .  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0W_NP  \0C_NP  \0D_NP  Richards_NP  )_)  .  
  at_IO  post-mortem_JB  examination_NN  a_AT1  large_JJ  infected_JJ  cystic_JJ  haematoma_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  retroperitoneal_JJ  tissues_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  .  
  this_DD1  involved_VVD  the_AT1  psoas_NN  ,_,  quadratus_&FW  lumborum_&FW  and_CC  iliacus_NN  muscles_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  haematoma_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  side_NN  had_VHD  ruptured_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  colon_NN  .  
  the_AT1  haematomata_NNS  contained_VVD  turbid_JJ  brown_JJ  fluid_NN  and_CC  masses_NNS  of_IO  brown_JJ  altered_JJ  blood_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  side_NN  the_AT1  iliac_JJ  haematoma_NN  communicated_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  infected_JJ  haematoma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thigh_NN  .  
  both_DB2  ureters_NNS  were_VBDR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fibrous_JJ  tissue_NN  forming_VBG  the_AT1  anterior_JJ  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abdominal_JJ  haematomata_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  pelves_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  kidneys_NNS  being_VBG  slightly_RR  dilated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  liver_NN  (_(  3020_MC  \0g_NNU  )_)  and_CC  spleen_NN  (_(  850_MC  \0g_NNU  )_)  were_VBDR  both_DB2  enlarged_JJ  .  
  microscopically_RR  the_AT1  liver_NN  ,_,  spleen_NN  and_CC  iliac_JJ  lymph_NN  nodes_NNS  showed_VVD  siderosis_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  amyloidosis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spleen_NN  and_CC  liver_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liver_NN  was_VBDZ  fatty_JJ  .  
  masses_NNS  of_IO  Gram-positive_JJ  cocci_NNS  were_VBDR  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  clot_NN  filling_VBG  the_AT1  haematomata_NNS  .  
  inflammatory_JJ  granulation_NN  tissue_NN  lined_VVD  the_AT1  inner_JB  surface_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  haematomata_NNS  .  
  case_NN  2_MC  .  
  this_DD1  patient_NN  (_(  \0R_NP  \0I_NP  \0no_NN  42050_MC  )_)  ,_,  aged_JJ  43_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  on_IO  May_NN1  5th_MD  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  for_IO  weight_NN  reduction_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  extensive_JJ  dental_JJ  extractions_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  haemophilia_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  and_CC  numerous_JJ  haemorrhagic_JJ  episodes_NNS  of_IO  variable_JJ  severity_NN  and_CC  duration_NN  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  ,_,  many_DA  necessitating_VBG  hospital_NN  admission_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bruising_NN  tendency_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  noticed_VBN  14_MC  days_NNS  after_IO  birth_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suffered_VBN  prolonged_JJ  haemorrhage_NN  after_IO  biting_VBG  his_APP$  tongue_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  2_MC  years_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  family_NN  history_NN  of_IO  obesity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  of_IO  haemophilia_NN  .  
  on_IO  examination_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  obese_JJ  ,_,  weighing_VBG  16_MC  \0st_NNU  9_MC  1/2_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  evidence_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  haemarthroses_NNS  involving_VBG  both_DB2  knees_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  elbows_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  right_JJ  ankle_NN  and_CC  left_JJ  shoulder_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  severe_JJ  dental_JJ  caries_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  upper_JB  and_CC  lower_JJ  teeth_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decided_VBN  that_CS  root_NN  remnants_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  extracted_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  800_MC  calorie_NN  diet_NN  was_VBDZ  begun_VBN  and_CC  Dexedrine_NP  spansules_NNS  \0mg_NNU  15_MC  mane_RR  ,_,  Saluric_NP  ,_,  0.5_MC  \0g_NNU  \0b.d_NNU  and_CC  potassium_NN  chloride_NN  ,_,  1_MC  \0g_NNU  twice_RR  daily_RR  were_VBDR  prescribed_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  weight_NN  dropped_VVD  to_IO  15_MC  \0st_NNU  6_MC  \0lb_NNU  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  superficial_JJ  bruises_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  haemorrhagic_JJ  manifestations_NNS  .  
  active_JJ  physiotherapy_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  knee_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  with_IO  considerable_JJ  improvement_NN  .  
  after_IO  about_RR  6_MC  weeks_NNS  several_DA  deep_JJ  painful_JJ  haematomata_NNS  developed_VVD  at_IO  various_JJ  sites_NNS  .  
  on_IO  July_NN1  17th_MD  10_MC  roots_NNS  and_CC  carious_JJ  teeth_NNS  were_VBDR  extracted_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  jaw_NN  under_IO  general_JJ  anaesthesia_NN  .  
  his_APP$  subsequent_JJ  progress_NN  is_VBZ  summarized_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  before_IO  operation_NN  a_AT1  polyethylene_NN  cannula_NN  was_VBDZ  inserted_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  forearm_NN  vein_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  33_MC  inches_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  tip_NN  should_VM  lie_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  vessel_NN  .  
  (_(  venography_NN  later_RRR  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  catheter_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  ventricle_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  catheter_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  withdrawn_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  tip_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  superior_JJ  vena_&FW  cava_&FW  .  )_)  
  statisticians_NNS  and_CC  electrical_JJ  engineers_NNS  are_VBR  familiar_JJ  with_IO  an_AT1  analogous_JJ  uncertainty_NN  between_IO  time_NN  and_CC  frequency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  time-series_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  obviously_RR  suggests_VBZ  the_AT1  query_NN  :_:  can_VM  a_AT1  frequency_NN  n_ZZ1  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  energy_NN  E_ZZ1  .  
  physicists_NNS  appeal_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  relation_NN  E_ZZ1  =_&FO  hn_&FO  ,_,  where_CS h_ZZ1  is_VBZ  Planck's_PPIO2  constant_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  qualms_NNS  expressed_VBN  by_IO  Schro"dinger_NP  (_(  1958_MC  )_)  about_IO  this_DD1  relation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  arguable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  frequency_NN  n_ZZ1  is_VBZ  as_RG  fundamental_JJ  in_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  E_ZZ1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  therefore_RR  sympathize_VV0  with_IO  (_(  though_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sceptical_JJ  of_IO  )_)  the_AT1  proposals_NNS  by_IO  Bohm_NP  and_CC  de_&FW  Broglie_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  of_IO  ps_&FO  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  real_JJ  (_(  deterministic_JJ  )_)  waves_NNS  ;_;  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  these_DD2  proposals_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  rebutted_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  approach_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  put_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  rational_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  interesting_JJ  attempts_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  various_JJ  writers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  attempts_NNS  so_RG  far_RR  has_VHZ  ,_,  to_IO  my_APP$  knowledge_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  wholly_RR  successful_JJ  or_CC  very_RG  useful_JJ  technically_RR  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  Lande*?2_NP  keeps_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  particle_NN  formulation_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  particle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  associated_JJ  energy_NN  E_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  becoming_VBG  the_AT1  nebulous_JJ  concepts_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  refer_VV0  again_RR  to_IO  time-series_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   that_CS  the_AT1  quantization_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  frequency_NN  n_ZZ1  arises_VBZ  automatically_RR  for_IO  circularly-defined_JB  series_NNS    for_IO  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  allow_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  call_VV0  it_PPH1  this_DD1  ,_,  periodic_JJ    time_NN    (_(  more_RG  precisely_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  physical_JJ  context_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  angle_NN  variables_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  dynamics_NN  of_IO  bound_JJ  systems_NNS  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  probabilistic_JJ  approach_NN  via_IO  random_JJ  fields_NNS  thus_RR  has_VHZ  the_AT1  more_RG  promising_JJ  start_NN  of_IO  including_VBG  naturally_RR  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  features_NNS  of_IO  quantum_NN  phenomena_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  once_RR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  most_RG  paradoxical_JJ  and_CC  empirical_JJ    the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  principle_NN  and_CC  quantization_NN  .  
  this_DD1  switch_NN  to_IO  fields_NNS  is_VBZ  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  new_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  real_JJ  professionals_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  immersed_VBN  in_IO  fields_NNS  for_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  while_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  that_CS  what_DDQ  probabilists_NNS  and_CC  what_DDQ  physicists_NNS  mean_VV0  here_RL  by_IO  fields_NC2  are_VBR  quite_RR  synonymous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  old_JJ  probabilistic_JJ  interpretation_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  particles_NNS  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  lay_JB  public_NN  still_RR  get_VV0  fobbed_VBN  off_RP  with_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  useful_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  quite_RR  clear_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   where_CS ,_,  if_CS  anywhere_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  particle_NN  aspect_NN  is_VBZ  unequivocal_JJ    certainly_RR  discreteness_NN  and_CC  discontinuity_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  very_RG  relevant_JJ  .  
  here_RL  I_PPIS1  must_VM  leave_VV0  this_DD1  fascinating_JJ  problem_NN  of_IO  probability_NN  in_IO  quantum_NN  mechanics_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  turn_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  function_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  information_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  information_NN  .  
  information_NN  theory_NN  as_CS  technically_RR  defined_VBN  nowadays_RR  refers_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  theory_NN  first_RR  developed_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  electrical_JJ  communication_NN  theory_NN  by_IO  \0C_NP  Shannon_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  ,_,  but_CCB  recognized_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  as_CS  having_VHG  wider_JJ  implications_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  conceptual_JJ  tool_NN  .  
  from_IO  its_APP$  origin_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  most_RG  familiar_JJ  at_RR  first_RR  to_IO  electrical_JJ  engineers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  more_RG  general_JJ  and_CC  its_APP$  essentially_RR  statistical_JJ  content_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  natural_JJ  adjunct_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  parts_NNS  of_IO  probability_NN  theory_NN  hitherto_RR  studied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  statistician_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  recognized_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  advertisement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  mathematical_JJ  statistician_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  quote_VV0  :_:  *"_*'  
  applicants_NNS  should_VM  possess_VV0  a_AT1  degree_NN  in_IO  statistics_NN  or_CC  mathematics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  should_VM  if_CS  possible_JJ  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  evidence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  some_DD  specialized_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  such_IO  as_II  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  decision_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  information_NN  theory_NN  or_CC  stochastic_JJ  processes_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  sufficiently_RR  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  conferences_NNS  on_IO  information_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  mathematical_JJ  statisticians_NNS  per_RR  se_RR  have_VH0  not_XX  always_RR  been_VBN  invited_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  close_JJ  connection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  concept_NN  with_IO  probability_NN  is_VBZ  emphasized_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  technical_JJ  definition_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  ensemble_NN  or_CC  population_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  usefully_RR  be_VB0  defined_VBN  (_(  \0cf_VV0  Good_NP  (_(  1950_MC  )_)  ,_,  Barnard_NP  (_(  1951_MC  )_)  )_)  as_IO  -_IO  \0log_&FO  p_ZZ1  (_(  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  direct_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  uncertainty_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  reduced_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  event_NN  with_IO  probability_NN  p_ZZ1  has_VHZ  occurred_VBN  )_)  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  more_RG  orthodox_JJ  definition_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1    average_JJ  information_NN    -_IO  Sp_&FO  \0log_&FO  p_ZZ1  ,_,  averaged_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  possibilities_NNS  or_CC  states_NNS  that_PNQS may_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  extend_VV0  this_DD1  definition_NN  to_IO  partial_JJ  or_CC  relative_JJ  information_NN  ,_,  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  ensembles_NNS  or_CC  distributions_NNS  from_IO  one_MC1  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  extended_JJ  definition_NN  of_IO  -_IO  \0log_&FO  p/p*?7_&FO  ,_,  where_CS p*?7_ZZ1  relates_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  ensemble_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  information_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  positive_JJ  or_CC  negative_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  logarithm_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  probability_NN  ratio_NN  will_VM  look_VV0  familiar_JJ  to_IO  statisticians_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  stressed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  probabilities_NNS  refer_VV0  to_IO  fully_RR  specified_VBN  distributions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  likelihood_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statistician_NN  (_(  made_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  so_RG  extensively_RR  by_IO  Neyman_NP  and_CC  \0E_NP  \0S_NP  Pearson_NP  )_)  only_RR  enters_VBZ  if_CS  the_AT1  probabilities_NNS  p_ZZ1  and_CC  p*?7_ZZ1  are_VBR  interpreted_VBN  as_CS  dependent_JJ  on_IO  different_JJ  hypotheses_NNS  H_ZZ1  and_CC  H*?7_ZZ1  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  if_CS  p*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  near_IO  p_ZZ1  ,_,  differing_VBG  only_RR  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  unknown_JJ  parameter_NN  th_ZZ1  ,_,  then_RL  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS I(th)_&FO  is_VBZ  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Fisher's_PPIO2  information_NN  function_NN  ,_,  under_IO  conditions_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  function_NN  exists_VBZ  .  
  formally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  information_NN  in_IO  Shannon's_PPIO2  sense_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  employed_VBN  more_RG  directly_RR  for_IO  inferring_VBG  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  th_ZZ1  .  
  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  case_NN  shorn_VBN  of_IO  inessentials_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  use_NN  Bayes's_PPIO2  theorem_NN  to_TO  infer_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  parameter_NN  th*;r**;_&FO  which_DDQ  can_VM  take_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  only_RR  k_ZZ1  discrete_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  our_APP$  prior_JJ  probability_NN  distribution_NN  about_IO  th*;r**;_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  modified_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  data_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  posterior_JJ  probability_NN  distribution_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  measure_VV0  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  such_DA  distribution_NN  by_IO  -_&FO  Sp_&FO  \0log_&FO  p_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  in_RR  general_RR  expect_VV0  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  easily_RR  think_VV0  of_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  where_CS the_AT1  data_NNS  would_VM  contradict_VV0  our_APP$  a_JJ  priori_JJ"  notions_NNS  and_CC  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   less_RG  certain_JJ  than_CS  before_II  .  
  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  stress_VV0  the_AT1  subjective_JJ  or_CC  personal_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  prior_JJ  probabilities_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  own_DA  view_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  to_TO  eliminate_VV0  this_DD1  element_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  deliberately_RR  to_TO  employ_VV0  a_AT1  convention_NN  that_CS  prior_JJ  distributions_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  maximized_VBN  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  uncertainty_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  example_NN  this_DD1  would_VM  imply_VV0  assuming_VBG  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  prior_JJ  distribution_NN  for_IO  th*;r**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  ensure_VV0  that_DD1  information_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  gained_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  sample_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  somewhat_RR  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  arguments_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  Jeffreys_NP  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  for_IO  standardizing_VBG  prior_JJ  distributions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  important_JJ  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  conventions_NNS  weaken_VV0  any_DD  claim_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  methods_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  only_DA  rational_JJ  ones_CD1S  possible_JJ  .  
  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  information_NN  concept_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  finds_VBZ  any_DD  permanent_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  statistical_JJ  inference_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubts_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  potential_JJ  value_NN  in_IO  two_MC  very_RG  important_JJ  scientific_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  biology_NN  and_CC  physics_NN  .  
  this_DD1  claim_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  biology_NN  is_VBZ  exemplified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  symposium_NN  on_IO  information_NN  theory_NN  in_IO  biology_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  Tennessee_NP  in_IO  1956_MC  ;_;  and_CC  while_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  be_VB0  careful_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  confuse_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  concepts_NNS  in_IO  stimulating_VBG  further_JB  research_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  particular_JJ  branch_NN  or_CC  aspect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  science_NN  more_RG  precise_JJ  and_CC  unified_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  concept_NN  in_IO  discussing_VBG  capacities_NNS  of_IO  nerve_NN  fibres_NNS  transmitting_VBG  messages_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  brain_NN  ,_,  or_CC  coding_VBG  genetic_JJ  information_NN  for_IO  realization_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  developed_JJ  organism_NN  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  demonstration_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  quantitative_JJ  value_NN  .  
  as_IO  another_DD1  illustration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trend_NN  to_IO  more_RG  explicit_JJ  and_CC  precise_JJ  uses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  concept_NN  in_IO  biology_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  saying_NN  that_CS  life_NN  has_VHZ  evolved_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  organization_NN  ,_,  that_CS  in_IO  contrast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  degradation_NN  of_IO  dead_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  living_JJ  organisms_NNS  function_VV0  by_IO  reducing_VBG  uncertainty_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  significant_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  relation_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  environment_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  their_APP$  absorption_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  (_(  vital_JJ  of_RR  course_RR  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  their_APP$  absorption_NN  of_IO  negative_JJ  entropy_NN  .  
  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  accumulation_NN  of_IO  genetic_JJ  information_NN  in_IO  evolution_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  natural_JJ  selection_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  by_IO  Kimura_NP  (_(  1961_MC  )_)  ,_,  who_PNQS points_VBZ  out_RP  that_CS  a_AT1  statement_NN  by_IO  \0R_NP  \0A_NP  Fisher_NP  that_CS    natural_JJ  selection_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mechanism_NN  for_IO  generating_VBG  an_AT1  exceedingly_RR  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  improbability_NN    indicates_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  genetic_JJ  information_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  quantitatively_RR  measured_VBN  .  
  while_CS  his_APP$  estimate_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  provisional_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  that_CS  Kimura_NP  arrives_VBZ  at_IO  an_AT1  amount_NN  ,_,  accumulated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  500_MC  million_MC  years_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  man_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  10*:8**:_&FO    bits_NNS    ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  10*:10**:_&FO  bits_NNS  estimated_VBN  as_CS  available_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  diploid_JJ  human_JJ  chromosome_NN  set_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  ,_,  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  real_JJ  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  some_DD  redundancy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  genetic_JJ  coding_NN  mechanism_NN  .  
  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  physics_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN    negative_JJ  entropy_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  synonym_NN  for_IO  information_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  link_NN  .  
  again_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  imprecise_JJ  analysis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  probabilistic_JJ  formula_NN  for_IO  information_NN  and_CC  physical_JJ  entropy_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  by_IO  itself_PPX1  justify_VV0  any_DD  identification_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  concepts_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  physical_JJ  entropy_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  statistical_JJ  measure_NN  of_IO  disorganization_NN  or_CC  uncertainty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  information_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  uncertainty_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  link_NN  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  to_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  convincing_JJ  demonstrations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  link_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  resolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paradox_NN  of_IO  Maxwell's_PPIO2  demon_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS circumvented_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  law_NN  of_IO  thermodynamics_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  entropy_NN  by_IO  letting_VBG  only_RR  fast_JJ  molecules_NNS  move_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  gas_NN  chamber_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  through_IO  a_AT1  trap-door_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pointed_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  Rosenfeld_NP  (_(  1955_MC  )_)  that_CS  Clausius_NP  in_IO  1879_MC  went_VVD  some_DD  way_NN  to_IO  explaining_VBG  the_AT1  paradox_NN  by_IO  realizing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  demon_NN  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  human_JJ  in_IO  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  discern_VV0  individual_JJ  atomic_JJ  processes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  logically_RR  the_AT1  paradox_NN  remains_VBZ  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  grant_VV0  that_CS  such_DA  discernment_NN  ,_,  while_CS  in_IO  principle_NN  feasible_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  creates_VBZ  further_JB  uncertainty_NN  or_CC  entropy_NN  at_RR  least_RR  equal_JJ  (_(  on_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  gained_VBN  .  
  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  emerges_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  by_IO  various_JJ  writers_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Szilard_NP  ,_,  Gabor_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Brillouin_NP  (_(  as_CS  described_VBN  in_IO  Brillouin's_PPIO2  book_NN  )_)  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  ro*?5le_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  noted_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  remarks_NNS  on_IO  quantum_NN  theory_NN  that_CS  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  time_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  cyclic_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  in_IO  that_DD1  theory_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  geometrical_JJ  ro*?5le_NN  ,_,  reminiscent_JJ  of_IO  time_NN  in_IO  special_JJ  relativity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  synonymous_JJ  with_IO  our_APP$  idea_NN  of_IO  time_NN  as_CS  implying_VBG  evolution_NN  and_CC  irreversible_JJ  change_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  suggested_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  latter_DA  ro*?5le_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  entropy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS we_PPIS2  remember_VV0  that_DD1  entropy_NN  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  statistically_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  uncertainty_NN  we_PPIS2  realize_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  that_CS  evolutionary_JJ  time_NN  itself_PPX1  then_RL  becomes_VBZ  statistical_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  further_JB  points_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  sorted_VBN  out_RP  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  try_VV0  to_TO  list_VV0  these_DD2  :_:  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  statistical_JJ  mechanics_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  ,_,  Maxwell's_PPIO2  paradox_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  raised_VBN  .  
  two_MC  others_DA2  were_VBDR  Loschmidt's_PPIO2  reversibility_NN  paradox_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  reversibility_NN  of_IO  microscopic_JJ  processes_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  contradict_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  law_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Zermelo's_PPIO2  recurrence_NN  paradox_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  cyclical_JJ  behaviour_NN  of_IO  finite_JJ  dynamic_JJ  systems_NNS  again_RR  contravened_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  law_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  emphasized_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  while_CS  these_DD2  paradoxes_NNS  were_VBDR  formulated_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  deterministic_JJ  dynamics_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  immediately_RR  dissipated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  advent_NN  either_LE  of_IO  quantum_NN  theory_NN  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  statistical_JJ  processes_NNS  .  
  for_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  reminded_VBN  you_PPY  that_CS  time_NN  in_IO  quantum_NN  mechanics_NN  is_VBZ  geometrical_JJ  and_CC  reversible_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  stationary_JJ  statistical_JJ  processes_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  microscopic_JJ  reversible_JJ  processes_NNS  are_VBR  themselves_PPX2  still_RR  reversible_JJ  and_CC  recurrent_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  explanations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  paradoxes_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  absolute_JJ  and_CC  conditional_JJ  probabilities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  recurrence_NN  times_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  irreversibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  being_VBG  started_VBN  from_IO  an_AT1  initial_JJ  state_NN  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  typical_JJ  states_NNS  in_IO  equilibrium_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  non-recurrence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  state_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  inordinately_RR  long_JJ  recurrence_NN  time_NN  needed_VBN  before_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  state_NN  will_VM  return_VV0  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  so_RG  good_JJ    but_CCB  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  applies_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  reasonable_JJ  size_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  conclude_VV0  that_CS  microscopic_JJ  phenomena_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  intrinsic_JJ  time-direction_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  if_CS  this_DD1  can_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  defined_VBN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  internal_JJ  entropy_NN  increase_NN  (_(  \0cf_VV0  Bartlett_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  consistent_JJ  with_IO  theoretical_JJ  formulations_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  sub-atomic_JJ  phenomena_NNS  involving_VBG  time-reversals_NNS  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  also_RR  to_TO  notice_VV0  that_CS  while_CS  the_AT1  entropy_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  given_JJ  system_NN  will_VM  increase_VV0  with_IO  external_JJ  or_CC  given_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  relation_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  reciprocal_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  first_RR  choose_VV0  our_APP$  time_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  rare_JJ  state_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  stationary_JJ  process_NN  will_VM  just_RR  as_RG  likely_RR  be_VB0  being_VBG  approached_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  departed_VBN  from_IO  .  
  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  mean_NN  and_CC  these_DD2  z_ZZ1  values_NNS  are_VBR  0.4732_MC  and_CC  0.2734_MC  respectively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  proportion_NN  between_IO  z*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  z*;2**;_&FO  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  0.4732_MC  -_IO  0.2734_MC  =_&FO  0.1998_MC  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  between_IO  z*;1**;_&FO  =_&FO  -_IO  1.93_MC  and_CC  z*;2**;_&FO  =_&FO  -_IO  0.75_MC  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  curve_NN  is_VBZ  symmetrical_JJ  .  
  4.16_MC  .  
  as_IO  well_II  as_II  occurring_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  equation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  curves_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  mean_NN  and_CC  variance_NN  parameters_NNS  have_VH0  another_DD1  valuable_JJ  property_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  additive_JJ  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  two_MC  populations_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  means_NNS  m*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  m*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  add_VV0  the_AT1  variate_NN  values_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  populations_NNS  in_IO  pairs_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  (_(  m*;1+2**;_&FO  )_)  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  means_NNS  (_(  **[formula**]_&FO  )_)  or_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  mean_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  pairs_NNS  of_IO  population_NN  values_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  difference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  separate_JJ  populations_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  these_DD2  simple_JJ  properties_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  possessed_VBN  by_IO  medians_NNS  ,_,  modes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  other_DA  position_NN  parameters_NNS  .  
  4.17_MC  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  property_NN  exists_VBZ  for_IO  variances_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  we_PPIS2  must_VM  take_VV0  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  correlation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  data_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  added_VBN  or_CC  subtracted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  correlation_NN  is_VBZ  expressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  correlation_NN  coefficient_NN  r_ZZ1  (_(  Greek_JJ  letter_NN  rho_NN  ,_,  pronounced_VBN    roe_NC2    )_)  .  
  this_DD1  coefficient_NN  is_VBZ  positive_JJ  when_CS high_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  variate_NN  are_VBR  paired_VBN  with_IO  high_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  similarly_RR  for_IO  low_JJ  values_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  negative_JJ  when_CS high_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  variate_NN  are_VBR  paired_VBN  with_IO  low_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  zero_MC  when_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  systematic_JJ  linear_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  variates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  coefficient_NN  r_ZZ1  can_VM  take_VV0  all_DB  fractional_JJ  values_NNS  between_IO  +_IO  1.0_MC  and_CC  -_IO  1.0_MC  (_(  for_IO  further_JB  discussion_NN  of_IO  r_ZZ1  see_VV0  chapter_NN  9_MC  ,_,  particularly_RR  9.4_MC  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  now_RL  state_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  variance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sum_NN  (_(  s*:2**:*;1+2**;_&FO  )_)  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  property_NN  holds_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  variance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  differences_NNS  between_IO  two_MC  correlated_JJ  populations_NNS  given_VBN  as_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  that_CS  our_APP$  two_MC  populations_NNS  are_VBR  uncorrelated_JJ  (_(  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  )_)  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  last_DA  terms_NNS  in_IO  equations_NNS  4.10_MC  and_CC  4.11_MC  vanish_VV0  (_(  \0i.e_RR  2rs*;1**;s*;2**;_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  sum_NN  or_CC  difference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  variates_NNS  has_VHZ  a_AT1  variance_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  separate_JJ  variances_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  these_DD2  additive_JJ  properties_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  in_RR  general_RR  possessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  measures_NNS  of_IO  dispersion_NN  that_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  discussed_VBN  .  
  4.18_MC  .  
  the_AT1  data_NNS  already_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  .  A_ZZ1  are_VBR  written_VBN  out_RP  in_RR  full_RR  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  .  C_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  illustrates_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  above_JB  five_MC  formulae_NNS  work_VV0  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  individual_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  X*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  X*;2**;_&FO  are_VBR  put_VBN  opposite_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  so_CS  that_CS  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  3/4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  X*;3**;_&FO  and_CC  X*;4**;_&FO  are_VBR  put_VBN  together_RR  so_CS  that_CS  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  means_NNS  and_CC  variances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sums_NNS  and_CC  differences_NNS  of_IO  X*;1**;_&FO  with_IO  X*;2**;_&FO  and_CC  X*;3**;_&FO  with_IO  X*;4**;_&FO  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  above_JB  formulae_NNS  .  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  these_DD2  results_NNS  agree_VV0  with_IO  those_DD2  calculated_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  .  C_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  should_VM  notice_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  table_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  4.19_MC  .  
  measuring_NN  scales_NNS  and_CC  parameters_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  parameters_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  discussed_VBN  may_VM  be_VB0  justifiably_RR  used_VBN  with_IO  measurements_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  ratio_NN  or_CC  interval_NN  scale_NN  .  
  nominal_JJ  scales_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  definition_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  justify_VV0  the_AT1  calculation_NN  of_IO  any_DD  position_NN  or_CC  dispersion_NN  parameters_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  in_IO  such_DA  scales_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  dimension_NN  or_CC  singleness_NN  of_IO  direction_NN  involved_VBN  .  
  in_IO  nominal_JJ  scales_NNS  ,_,  events_NNS  are_VBR  numbered_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  or_CC  different_JJ  from_IO  other_DA  events_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  reflect_VV0  qualitative_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  quantitative_JJ  characteristics_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  does_VBZ  reflect_VV0  quantitative_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  measured_VBN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  a_AT1  dimension_NN  or_CC  singleness_NN  of_IO  direction_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  by_IO  inconstant_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  unknown_JJ  size_NN  .  
  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  which_DDQ  constitute_VV0  an_AT1  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  may_VM  vary_VV0  by_IO  fixed_JJ  and_CC  known_JJ  amounts_NNS  (_(  such_IO  as_II  in_IO  ranking_NN  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  implies_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  objects_NNS  measured_VBN  by_IO  these_DD2  numbers_NNS  also_RR  change_VV0  by_IO  fixed_JJ  amounts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  isomorphism_NN  between_IO  number_NN  intervals_NNS  and_CC  object_NN  intervals_NNS  in_IO  ordinal_JJ  scales_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  types_NNS  ,_,  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  addition_NN  and_CC  subtraction_NN  of_IO  ordinal_JJ  measurements_NNS  illegitimate_JJ  .  
  addition_NN  and_CC  subtraction_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  signifies_VBZ  an_AT1  imaginary_JJ  movement_NN  over_IO  certain_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  if_CS  these_DD2  numerical_JJ  intervals_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  correspond_VV0  to_IO  object_NN  intervals_NNS  ,_,  addition_NN  or_CC  subtraction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  may_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  false_JJ  conclusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  objects_NNS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  represent_VV0  .  
  since_CS  addition_NN  and_CC  subtraction_NN  of_IO  ordinal_JJ  measurements_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  legitimate_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  calculation_NN  of_IO  means_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  justified_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  medians_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  require_VV0  the_AT1  addition_NN  of_IO  X_ZZ1  values_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  more_RG  permissible_JJ  .  
  4.20_MC  .  
  an_AT1  illustration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  error_NN  which_DDQ  means_NNS  of_IO  ordinal_JJ  scales_NNS  may_VM  engender_VV0  ,_,  will_VM  clarify_VV0  the_AT1  above_JB  discussion_NN  and_CC  bring_VV0  to_TO  light_VV0  some_DD  further_JB  relevant_JJ  considerations_NNS  .  
  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  objects_NNS  A_ZZ1  ,_,  B_ZZ1  ,_,  C_ZZ1  ,_,  .  which_DDQ  differ_VV0  from_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  by_IO  equal_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  variable_NN  .  
  let_VV0  the_AT1    true_JJ    interval_NN  scale_NN  ,_,  measuring_VBG  these_DD2  objects_NNS  ,_,  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  italic_JJ  numbers_NNS  1_MC  ,_,  2_MC  ,_,  3_MC  ,_,  .  
  if_CS  all_DB  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  sizes_NNS  is_VBZ  denied_VBN  us_PPIO2   ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  construct_VV0  a_AT1  standard_JJ  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  normal_JJ  numbers_NNS  ,_,  1_MC  ,_,  2_MC  ,_,  3_MC  ,_,  .  
  the_AT1  relation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1    true_JJ    and_CC  the_AT1  ordinal_JJ  numbers_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0    **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  scale_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  is_VBZ  stretched_VBN  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  F_ZZ1  ,_,  H_ZZ1  ,_,  I_ZZ1  ,_,  J_ZZ1  ,_,  M_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  N_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  compressed_VBN  between_IO  O_ZZ1  and_CC  P_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  measure_VV0  the_AT1  objects_NNS  ACK_&FO  and_CC  CDE_&FO  on_IO  our_APP$  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  groups_NNS  of_IO  objects_NNS  are_VBR  each_DD1  equal_JJ  to_IO  3_MC  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  mean_JJ  object_NN  is_VBZ  D_ZZ1  for_IO  both_DB2  sets_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  positions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  objects_NNS  are_VBR  different_JJ  when_CS measured_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1    true_JJ    interval_NN  scale_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  yields_VBZ  means_NNS  of_IO  5_MC  and_CC  4_MC  respectively_RR  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  objects_VBZ  E_ZZ1  and_CC  D_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  being_VBG  made_VBN  here_RL  is_VBZ  not_XX  that_CS  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  means_NNS  differ_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  scale_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  scales_NNS  yield_VV0  different_JJ  conclusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  similarity_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  of_IO  three_MC  objects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mean_JJ  centigrade_NN  temperature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  objects_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  numerically_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  mean_JJ  fahrenheit_NN  temperature_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  both_DB2  means_NNS  will_VM  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  object_NN  ,_,  because_CS  these_DD2  scales_NNS  are_VBR  interval_NN  scales_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  means_NNS  of_IO  objects_NNS  deo_&FO  and_CC  AGP_&FO  are_VBR  5_MC  and_CC  6_MC  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  interval_NN  scale_NN  means_NNS  agree_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  8_MC  .  
  this_DD1  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  error_NN  converse_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  already_RR  given_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  producing_VBG  a_AT1  difference_NN  where_CS none_PN1  exists_VBZ  .  
  4.21_MC  .  
  means_NNS  and_CC  medians_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  medians_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinal_JJ  measurements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  groups_NNS  given_VBN  above_II  are_VBR  2(ACK)_&FO  and_CC  3(CDE)_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  observation_NN  shows_NNS  that_CS  means_NNS  and_CC  medians_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  necessarily_RR  agree_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  conclusions_NNS  they_PPHS2  yield_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  interval_NN  scale_NN  means_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  CDE_&FO  sits_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  of_IO  ACK_&FO  ,_,  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  means_NNS  make_VV0  both_DB2  groups_NNS  equal_JJ  in_IO  position_NN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  medians_NNS  place_VV0  CDE_&FO  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  ACK_&FO  .  
  which_WDTI  of_IO  these_DD2  conclusions_NNS  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  last_DA  are_VBR  both_DB2  correct_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  they_PPHS2  disagree_VV0  !_!  
  this_DD1  apparent_JJ  paradox_NN  is_VBZ  resolved_VBN  when_CS we_PPIS2  note_VV0  that_CS  means_NNS  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  properties_NNS  of_IO  objects_NNS  and_CC  medians_NNS  to_IO  their_APP$  ordinal_JJ  properties_NNS  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  order_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  ,_,  medians_NNS  will_VM  yield_VV0  conclusions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  correct_JJ  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  order_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  if_CS  intervals_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  ,_,  these_DD2  supersede_VV0  simple_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  means_NNS  will_VM  yield_VV0  conclusions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  correct_JJ  relative_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  improved_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  note_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  medians_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  interval_NN  and_CC  ordinal_JJ  measurements_NNS  of_IO  ACK_&FO  and_CC  CDE_&FO  agree_VV0  in_IO  selecting_VBG  objects_VBZ  C_ZZ1  and_CC  D_ZZ1  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  mean_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  parameter_NN  which_DDQ  requires_VBZ  known_JJ  intervals_NNS  and_CC  if_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  weak_JJ  scale_NN  (_(  ordinal_JJ  )_)  may_VM  yield_VV0  false_JJ  conclusions_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  median_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  weak_JJ  parameter_NN  and_CC  if_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  scale_NN  (_(  interval_NN  or_CC  ratio_NN  )_)  will_VM  yield_VV0  a_AT1  result_NN  comparable_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  obtainable_JJ  from_IO  any_DD  weak_JJ  equivalent_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  scale_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  note_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  interval_NN  or_CC  ratio_NN  scale_NN  data_NNS  is_VBZ  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  data_NNS  differ_VV0  in_IO  position_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  medians_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  data_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  difference_NN  .  
  4.22_MC  .  
  variances_NNS  and_CC  semi-interquartile_JJ  ranges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  argument_NN  against_IO  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  means_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  variances_NNS  on_IO  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  data_NNS  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  dispersion_NN  parameter_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  legitimately_RR  used_VBN  on_IO  ordinal_JJ  measurements_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  candidate_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  role_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  semi-interquartile_JJ  range_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  although_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  parameter_NN  concerned_VBN  chiefly_RR  with_IO  order_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  semi-interquartile_JJ  ranges_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  sets_NNS  of_IO  ordinal_JJ  results_NNS  might_VM  show_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  similar_JJ  (_(  or_CC  different_JJ  )_)  in_IO  dispersion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  some_DD  other_DA  order_NN  parameter_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  tenth_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  bottom_JB  tenth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  )_)  might_VM  show_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  different_JJ  (_(  or_CC  similar_JJ  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  choosing_VBG  one_MC1  kind_NN  of_IO  order_NN  parameter_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  another_DD1  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  not_XX  pursue_VV0  this_DD1  argument_NN  further_RRR  ,_,  except_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  dispersion_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  synonymous_JJ  with_IO  distance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  objects_NNS  is_VBZ  something_PN1  about_IO  which_DDQ  ordinal_JJ  scales_NNS  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   very_RG  little_DA  .  
  to_TO  seek_VV0  a_AT1  dispersion_NN  parameter_NN  for_IO  ordinal_JJ  scale_NN  data_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  ask_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  more_DA  than_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  4.23_MC  .  
  a_AT1  mechanical_JJ  analogy_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  variate_NN  X_ZZ1  to_TO  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  horizontal_JJ  uniform_JJ  rod_NN  of_IO  negligible_JJ  mass_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  marked_VBN  off_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  units_NNS  of_IO  X_ZZ1  .  
  each_DD1  individual_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  represented_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  weight_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  now_RL  attach_VV0  these_DD2  weights_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  uniform_JJ  rod_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  which_DDQ  represent_VV0  their_APP$  variate_NN  value_NN  .  
  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  assembly_NN  will_VM  resemble_VV0  a_AT1  histogram_NN  turned_VBN  upside_NN  down_RP  .  
  an_AT1  illustration_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  A_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  illustration_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  individual_NN  f_ZZ1  is_VBZ  represented_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  weight_NN  hung_VBN  from_IO  its_APP$  value_NN  of_IO  X_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  try_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  that_DD1  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rod_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  balance_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  assembly_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  discover_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  distribution_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  centre_NN  of_IO  gravity_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  apparatus_NN  is_VBZ  hung_VBN  from_IO  its_APP$  centre_NN  of_IO  gravity_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  give_VV0  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  little_JJ  push_NN  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  set_VV0  it_PPH1  spinning_VBG  or_CC  rotating_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  suspension_NN  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  spinning_VBG  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  depends_VBZ  on_IO  how_CS spread_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  weights_NNS  are_VBR  along_IO  the_AT1  rod_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  weights_NNS  are_VBR  clustered_VBN  closely_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  gravity_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  highly_RR  stable_JJ  and_CC  swing_VV0  very_RG  little_RR  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  spread_VBN  out_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rod_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  unstable_JJ  and_CC  swing_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  s*:2**:_&FO  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  variance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  distribution_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  moment_NN  of_IO  inertia_NN  .  
  4.24_MC  .  
  short_JJ  cuts_NNS  in_IO  calculating_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  learned_VBN  that_CS  frequency_NN  distributions_NNS  provide_VV0  easier_JJ  arithmetic_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  disorganised_JJ  measurements_NNS  (_(  4.5_MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  techniques_NNS  which_DDQ  make_VV0  calculation_NN  still_RR  less_RG  laborious_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  here_RL  .  
  in_IO  calculating_VBG  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  add_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  variate_NN  and_CC  divide_VV0  the_AT1  total_NN  so_RR  obtained_VBN  by_IO  N_ZZ1  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  variate_NN  values_NNS  are_VBR  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  (_(  such_IO  as_II  age_NN  in_IO  months_NNS  ranging_VBG  from_IO  120_MC  to_IO  145_MC  months_NNS  )_)  ,_,  addition_NN  is_VBZ  laborious_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  consequently_RR  ,_,  liable_JJ  to_IO  error_NN  .  
  a_AT1  short_JJ  cut_NN  which_DDQ  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  added_VBN  is_VBZ  to_TO  accept_VV0  a_AT1  central_JJ  value_NN  arbitrarily_RR  (_(  A_ZZ1  )_)  before_CS  we_PPIS2  begin_VV0  the_AT1  calculation_NN  and_CC  write_VV0  all_DB  variate_NN  values_NNS  (_(  X_ZZ1  )_)  as_IO  deviations_NNS  (_(  x*?7_ZZ1  )_)  from_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  found_VBN  from_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  formula_NN  derives_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deviations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  mean_NN  (_(  Sx_&FO  )_)  is_VBZ  zero_MC  (_(  4.8_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  Sfx*?7_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  then_RL  A_ZZ1  =_&FO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  the_AT1  mean_NN  as_IO  our_APP$  central_JJ  value_NN  by_IO  accident_NN  .  
  if_CS  Sfx*?7_&FO  is_VBZ  positive_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  A_ZZ1  chosen_VBN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  smaller_JJ  than_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  Sfx*?7_&FO  is_VBZ  negative_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  A_ZZ1  chosen_VBN  was_VBDZ  larger_JJ  than_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  4.25_MC  .  
  the_AT1  major_JJ  difficulty_NN  encountered_VBN  in_IO  calculating_VBG  the_AT1  variance_NN  or_CC  standard_JJ  deviation_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  74.98_MC  ,_,  then_RL  all_DB  deviations_NNS  from_IO  this_DD1  value_NN  must_VM  involve_VV0  two_MC  places_NNS  of_IO  decimals_NNS  .  
  squaring_VBG  numbers_NNS  containing_VBG  two_MC  places_NNS  of_IO  decimals_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tedious_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  circumvented_VBN  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  deviations_NNS  from_IO  A_ZZ1  mentioned_VBN  above_II  .  
  the_AT1  formula_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  variance_NN  then_RL  becomes_VBZ    **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  the_AT1  standard_JJ  deviation_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  we_PPIS2  subtract_VV0  the_AT1  correction_NN  term_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  squares_NNS  of_IO  deviations_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  mean_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  smaller_JJ  than_IO  squares_NNS  about_IO  any_DD  other_DA  point_NN  .  
  Peierls_NP  (_(  7_MC  )_)  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  into_IO  details_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  treatment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  admits_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  non-rigorous_JJ  .  
  as_CS  Dolph_NP  (_(  8_MC  )_)  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  promised_JJ  justification_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  has_VHZ  never_RR  appeared_VBN  .  
  Schwartz_NP  (_(  9_MC  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  paper_NN  ,_,  treats_VBZ  the_AT1  Sturm-Liouville_NP  case_NN  (_(  and_CC  also_RR  certain_JJ  singular_JJ  cases_NNS  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  and_CC  complicated_JJ  function-theoretic_JJ  argument_NN  .  
  Keldysh_NP  (_(  10_MC  )_)  has_VHZ  also_RR  given_VBN  a_AT1  linear-operator_JB  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  altogether_RR  ,_,  there_EX  does_VBZ  seem_VV0  a_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  direct_JJ  justification_NN  of_IO  Peierls's_PPIO2  work_NN  that_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  depend_VV0  on_IO  function-theoretic_JJ  arguments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  so_PN1  when_CS it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  great_JJ  complication_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  singular_JJ  case_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  x_ZZ1  remains_VBZ  finite_JJ  but_CCB  q(x)_&FO  becomes_VBZ  discontinuous_JJ  at_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  other_DA  or_CC  both_DB2  of_IO  the_AT1  end-points_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  contribution_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  covered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  function-theoretic_JJ  arguments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  consider_VV0  is_VBZ  the_AT1  following_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  equation_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS q(r)_&FO  may_VM  be_VB0  complex_JJ  but_CCB  is_VBZ  continuous_JJ  except_CS  at_IO  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  exists_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  suppose_VV0  that_CS  l_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  positive_JJ  integer_NN  or_CC  zero_MC  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  will_VM  readily_RR  verify_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  analysis_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  restricted_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  values_NNS  of_IO  l_ZZ1  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  equation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  equation_NN  that_PNQS arises_VBZ  when_CS a_AT1  three-dimensional_JJ  equation_NN  with_IO  spherical_JJ  symmetry_NN  is_VBZ  solved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  separation_NN  of_IO  variables_NNS  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  boundary_NN  conditions_NNS  we_PPIS2  impose_VV0  are_VBR  (_(  1.3_MC  )_)  ,_,  for_IO  some_DD  b_ZZ1  >_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  requirement_NN  that_CS  y(x)_&FO  be_VB0  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  analysis_NN  shows_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  define_VV0  an_AT1  eigenvalue_NN  problem_NN  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  impose_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  (_(  1.2_MC  )_)  at_IO  a_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  despite_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  enough_RGA  to_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  l_ZZ1  >_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  safely_RR  restrict_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  to_IO  l_ZZ1  >_&FO  0_MC  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  with_IO  q(r)_&FO  continuous_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  Sturm-Liouville_NP  case_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  therefore_RR  comes_VBZ  out_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  argument_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  examine_VV0  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  eigenvalue_NN  problem_NN  .  
  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  an_AT1  eigenfunction_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  non-trivial_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equation_NN  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  which_DDQ  satisfies_VBZ  the_AT1  boundary_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  self-adjoint_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  eigenfunctions_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  complete_JJ  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  any_DD  reasonable_JJ  function_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  expanded_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  non-self-adjoint_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  in_RR  general_RR  this_DD1  no_RR  longer_RRR  holds_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  eigenfunctions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  complete_JJ  by_IO  adding_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  certain_JJ  other_DA  functions_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  eigenfunctions_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  related_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  (_(  their_APP$  precise_JJ  form_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  *?135_&FO  .  )_)  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  refer_VV0  to_IO  these_DD2  additional_JJ  functions_NNS  as_IO  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  b_ZZ1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  discontinuity_NN  of_IO  q(r)_&FO  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  type_NN  as_CS  at_IO  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  in_IO  detail_NN  this_DD1  extension_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  general_JJ  conclusions_NNS  hold_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  completeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  limited_VBN  myself_PPX1  to_IO  proving_VBG  completeness_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  certain_JJ  cases_NNS  ,_,  much_DA  more_DA  can_VM  be_VB0  proved_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Sturm-Liouville_NP  case_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  straightforward_JJ  adaptation_NN  of_IO  (_(  1_MC  )_)  (_(  \0Ch_NN  1_MC  )_)  shows_NNS  that_CS  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  complete_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  f(r)_&FO  is_VBZ  any_DD  function_NN  of_IO  L(0,b)_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  eigenfunction_NN  expansion_NN  of_IO  f(r)_&FO  (_(  an_AT1  expansion_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  includes_VBZ  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  )_)  converges_VBZ  under_IO  Fourier_NP  conditions_NNS  to_IO  f(r)_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  analysis_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  extend_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  singular_JJ  cases_NNS  considered_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  has_VHZ  solutions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  then_RL  write_VV0  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  formally_RR  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  integral_JJ  equation_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  our_APP$  first_MD  objective_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  **[formula**]_&FO  sufficiently_RR  large_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  that_DD1  is_VBZ  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  is_VBZ  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  multiplicative_JJ  constant_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS o(1)_&FO  denotes_VBZ  a_AT1  term_NN  small_JJ  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  large_JJ  ,_,  uniformly_RR  for_IO  r_ZZ1  in_IO  [0,b]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  this_DD1  by_IO  investigating_VBG  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  .  
  let_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  then_RL  **[formula**]_&FO  for_IO  all_DB  r_ZZ1  ,_,  l_ZZ1  ,_,  where_CS A_ZZ1  denotes_VBZ  various_JJ  positive_JJ  constants_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  gives_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  since_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  exists_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  o(1)_&FO  term_NN  denoting_VBG  a_AT1  quantity_NN  which_DDQ  tends_VBZ  to_IO  zero_MC  as_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  z_ZZ1  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  required_JJ  estimate_NN  for_IO  G(r,t,l)_&FO  follows_VBZ  from_IO  this_DD1  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  asymptotic_JJ  expressions_NNS  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  substituting_VBG  this_DD1  estimate_NN  in_IO  (_(  2.2_MC  )_)  ,_,  we_PPIS2  obtain_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  integrals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  line_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  since_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  integration_NN  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  integral_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  argument_NN  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  second_MD  integral_NN  will_VM  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  appear_VV0  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  )_)  
  it_PPH1  thus_RR  follows_VBZ  from_IO  (_(  2.1_MC  b_ZZ1  )_)  and_CC  (_(  2.4_MC  )_)  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  large_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  substitute_VV0  this_DD1  result_NN  back_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  integral_NN  in_IO  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  and_CC  re-estimate_VV0  this_DD1  integral_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  lines_NNS  as_CS  has_VHZ  just_RR  been_VBN  done_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  emerge_VV0  with_IO  (_(  2.1_MC  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  thus_RR  any_DD  solution_NN  of_IO  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  satisfies_VBZ  (_(  2.1_MC  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  (_(  and_CC  just_RR  one_MC1  )_)  solution_NN  of_IO  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  can_VM  be_VB0  proved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  iteration_NN  process_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  work_NN  above_II  is_VBZ  effectively_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  .  
  then_RL  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  can_VM  be_VB0  differentiated_VBN  back_RP  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  solution_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  thus_RR  found_VBN  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  that_DD1  is_VBZ  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  denote_VV0  this_DD1  solution_NN  by_IO  f(r,l)_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  any_DD  other_DA  solution_NN  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  constant_JJ  multiple_NN  of_IO  f(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  constant_JJ  multiple_NN  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  knowing_VBG  now_RL  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  f(r,l)_&FO  near_IO  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  readily_RR  verify_VV0  that_CS  ps(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  not_XX  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  solution_NN  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  (_(  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  multiplicative_JJ  constant_NN  )_)  unique_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  remark_VV0  finally_RR  that_CS  ,_,  since_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  an_AT1  integral_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  solving_VBG  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  by_IO  iteration_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  also_RR  an_AT1  integral_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  3_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  consider_VV0  the_AT1  solution_NN  ch(r,l)_&FO  which_DDQ  satisfies_VBZ  (_(  1.4_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  boundary_NN  conditions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  (_(  1_MC  )_)  (_(  \0Ch_NN  1_MC  )_)  ch(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  an_AT1  integral_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  Wronskian_NN1  of_IO  f_ZZ1  ,_,  ch_&FW  is_VBZ  independent_JJ  of_IO  r_ZZ1  and_CC  so_RR  may_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  as_IO  o(l)_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  integral_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  vanishing_NN  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  and_CC  sufficient_JJ  condition_NN  for_IO  f_ZZ1  ,_,  ch_&FW  to_TO  be_VB0  multiples_NNS  the_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  for_IO  l_ZZ1  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  eigenvalue_NN  .  
  for_IO  large_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  asymptotic_JJ  behaviour_NN  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  differentiating_VBG  (_(  2.1_MC  )_)  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  r_ZZ1  and_CC  proceeding_VBG  as_CS  before_II  .  )_)  
  hence_RR  ,_,  for_IO  large_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  must_VM  be_VB0  near_IO  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  independent_JJ  of_IO  q(r)_&FO  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  for_IO  large_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  are_VBR  simple_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  best_RBT  seen_VBN  by_IO  writing_VBG  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS C_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  circle_NN  with_IO  centre_NN  l_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  asymptotic_JJ  expression_NN  (_(  3.1_MC  )_)  for_IO  o(l)_&FO  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  asymptotic_JJ  expression_NN  for_IO  o*?7(l)_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  then_RL  clear_JJ  that_CS  values_NNS  of_IO  l_ZZ1  near_IO  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  do_VD0  not_XX  satisfy_VV0  o*?7(l)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  now_RL  construct_VV0  the_AT1  function_NN  F(r,l)_&FO  ,_,  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  f(t)_&FO  is_VBZ  any_DD  function_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  L*:2**:(0,b)_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  meromorphic_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  ,_,  having_VHG  poles_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  our_APP$  object_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  section_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  f(t)_&FO  is_VBZ  such_DA  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  residues_NNS  of_IO  F(r,l)_&FO  at_IO  its_APP$  poles_NNS  vanish_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  f(t)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  almost_RR  everywhere_RR  .  
  4_MC  .  
  if_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  residues_NNS  vanish_VV0  ,_,  F(r,l)_&FO  becomes_VBZ  an_AT1  integral_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   suppose_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  prove_VV0  (_(  as_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  do_VD0  )_)  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  sequence_NN  of_IO  circles_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  with_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  such_CS  that_CS  F(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  bounded_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  circles_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  bound_NN  possibly_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  r_ZZ1  ,_,  but_CCB  independent_JJ  of_IO  n_ZZ1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  by_IO  Liouville's_PPIO2  theorem_NN  ,_,  F(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constant_NN  ,_,  independent_JJ  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  suppose_VV0  then_RL  that_CS  F(r,l)=g(r)_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  by_IO  differentiation_NN  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  holding_VBG  at_RR  least_RR  almost_RR  everywhere_RR  .  
  by_IO  varying_VBG  l_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  g(r)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  f(r)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  almost_RR  everywhere_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  boundedness_NN  of_IO  F(r,l)_&FO  ,_,  with_IO  r_ZZ1  fixed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  circles_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  since_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  only_RR  with_IO  results_NNS    almost_RR  everywhere_RR    ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  exclude_VV0  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  the_AT1  differential_JJ  equation_NN  is_VBZ  thus_RR  non-singular_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  (_(  r_ZZ1  ,_,  b_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  appeal_VV0  to_IO  (_(  1_MC  )_)  (_(  equation_NN  (_(  1.7.8_MC  )_)  )_)  to_TO  get_VV0  an_AT1  asymptotic_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  ch(r,l)_&FO  for_IO  sufficiently_RR  large_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS A_ZZ1  denotes_VBZ  various_JJ  positive_JJ  constants_NNS  independent_JJ  of_IO  l_ZZ1  .  
  from_IO  *?132_&FO  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  ,_,  again_RR  for_IO  fixed_JJ  r_ZZ1  and_CC  sufficiently_RR  large_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  choose_VV0  the_AT1  sequence_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  to_TO  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  circles_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  ,_,  on_IO  those_DD2  circles_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  n_ZZ1  sufficiently_RR  large_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  from_IO  (_(  3.1_MC  )_)  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  now_RL  substitute_VV0  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  ,_,  (_(  4.2_MC  )_)  ,_,  (_(  4.3_MC  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  definition_NN  of_IO  F(r,l)_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  use_VV0  Schwarz's_PPIO2  inequality_NN  to_TO  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  integrals_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  readily_RR  that_CS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  circles_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  F(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  bounded_VBN  with_IO  bound_NN  independent_JJ  of_IO  n_ZZ1  .  
  5_MC  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  deduce_VV0  the_AT1  completeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  before_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  examine_VV0  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  self-adjoint_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  zeros_MC2  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  are_VBR  real_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  l*;n**;_&FO  is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  zero_MC  ,_,  ch(r,l*;n**;)_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  multiple_NN  of_IO  f(r,l*;n**;)_&FO  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  write_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  near_IO  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  l*;n**;_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  singular_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  F(r,l)_&FO  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  hence_RR  the_AT1  residue_NN  at_IO  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  l*;n**;_&FO  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  vanishes_VBZ  for_IO  all_DB  r_ZZ1  if_CS  and_CC  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  Fourier_NP  coefficient_NN  of_IO  f(t)_&FO  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  eigenfunction_NN  f(t,l*;n**;)_&FO  vanishes_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  argument_NN  remains_VBZ  valid_JJ  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  non-self-adjoint_JJ  case_NN  provided_CS  that_CS  l*;n**;_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  zero_MC  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  any_DD  guarantee_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  eigenvalues_NNS  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  simple_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  counterexamples_NNS  are_VBR  easily_RR  provided_VBN  .  
  suppose_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  l*;n**;_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  zero_MC  of_IO  order_NN  p_ZZ1  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  at_IO  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  l*;n**;_&FO  ,_,  F(r,l)_&FO  has_VHZ  a_AT1  residue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS the_AT1  A*;s**;(l*;n**;)_&FO  are_VBR  constants_NNS  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  derivatives_NNS  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  at_IO  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  l*;n**;_&FO  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  precise_JJ  value_NN  will_VM  not_XX  concern_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  now_RL  o(l)_&FO  can_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  o(l*;n**;)_&FO  =_&FO  o*?7(l*;n**;)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  hence_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  interchange_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  differentiation_NN  gives_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  independent_JJ  of_IO  r_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  repeat_VV0  this_DD1  process_NN  with_IO  higher_JJ  differentiations_NNS  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  l_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  obtain_VV0  finally_RR  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  independent_JJ  of_IO  r_ZZ1  for_IO  s_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  1_MC  ,_,  .  ,_,  p-1_ZZ1  .  
  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  for_IO  these_DD2  values_NNS  of_IO  s_ZZ1  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  (_(  5.1_MC  )_)  can_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  linear_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  p_ZZ1  functions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  coefficients_NNS  being_VBG  homogeneous_JJ  linear_JJ  combinations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  p_ZZ1  expressions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  ,_,  homogeneous_JJ  linear_JJ  combinations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  p_ZZ1  expressions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  residue_NN  to_TO  vanish_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  sufficient_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  Fourier_NP  coefficients_NNS  of_IO  f(t)_&FO  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  p_ZZ1  functions_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  should_VM  vanish_VV0  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  if_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  Fourier_NP  coefficients_NNS  of_IO  f(t)_&FO  vanish_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  zeros_MC2  of_IO  o(l)_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  all_DB  the_AT1  residues_NNS  of_IO  F(r,l)_&FO  vanish_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  ,_,  as_CS  already_RR  proved_VBN  ,_,  f(t)_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  almost_RR  everywhere_RR  .  
  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  application_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  standard_JJ  theorem_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  are_VBR  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  is_VBZ  complete_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  does_VBZ  arise_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  are_VBR  indeed_RR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  completeness_NN  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_JJ  they_PPHS2  themselves_PPX2  can_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  as_IO  linear_JJ  combinations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  be_VB0  eliminated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  expansion_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  function_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  standard_JJ  theorem_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  orthogonal_JJ  functions_NNS  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  form_VV0  an_AT1  orthonormal_JJ  set_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  prove_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  substantially_RR  orthonormal_JJ  in_IO  *?13_NN  6_MC  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  actually_RR  prove_VV0  (_(  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  (_(  1_MC  )_)  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  eigenvalue_NN  l*;n**;_&FO  are_VBR  orthogonal_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  eigenvalue_NN  l*;m**;_&FO  ,_,  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  ;_;  (_(  2_MC  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  eigenfunctions_NNS  and_CC  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  eigenvalue_NN  l*;n**;_&FO  of_IO  multiplicity_NN  p_ZZ1  can_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  non-singular_JJ  transformation_NN  as_IO  linear_JJ  combinations_NNS  of_IO  p_ZZ1  orthonormal_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remarked_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  multiple_JJ  eigenvalues_NNS  is_VBZ  at_IO  most_DA  finite_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  adjoint_JJ  functions_NNS  is_VBZ  at_IO  most_DA  finite_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  permutation_NN  representation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bitangents_NNS  .  
  \0W_NP  \0L_NP  Edge_NP  .  
  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  G_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  bitangents_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  studied_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  recent_JJ  papers_NNS  (_(  (_(  3_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  4_MC  )_)  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  represented_VBN  in_IO  (_(  4_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  subgroup_NN  of_IO  index_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  symmetries_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  regular_JJ  polytope_NN  in_IO  Euclidean_JJ  space_NN  of_IO  dimension_NN  6_MC  ,_,  in_IO  (_(  3_MC  )_)  as_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  automorphisms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  non-singular_JJ  quadric_NN  Q_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  finite_JJ  projective_JJ  space_NN  (_(  6_MC  )_)  over_IO  F_ZZ1    the_AT1  Galois_NP  field_NN  GF(2)_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  culmination_NN  of_IO  (_(  4_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  the_AT1  compilation_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  table_NN  of_IO  characters_NNS  of_IO  G_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  Frame_NP  uses_VBZ  this_DD1  table_NN  to_TO  suggest_VV0  possible_JJ  degrees_NNS  for_IO  permutation_NN  representations_NNS  .  
  such_DA  representations_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  degrees_NNS  28_MC  ,_,  36_MC  ,_,  63_MC  ,_,  135_MC  ,_,  288_MC  are_VBR  patent_JJ  once_CS  the_AT1  geometry_NN  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  Frame_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  observed_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  characters_NNS  that_PNQS satisfies_VBZ  the_AT1  several_DA  conditions_NNS  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  ,_,  had_VHD  proposed_VBN  also_RR  120_MC  as_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  degree_NN  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  guarantee_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  necessary_JJ  conditions_NNS  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  no_AT1  representation_NN  of_IO  G_ZZ1  of_IO  degree_NN  120_MC  seems_VBZ  yet_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  literature_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  description_NN  is_VBZ  here_RL  submitted_VBN  of_IO  one_MC1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  incorporated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  geometry_NN  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  .  
  q_ZZ1  consists_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  explained_VBN  in_IO  (_(  3_MC  )_)  ,_,  of_IO  63_MC  points_NNS  m_ZZ1  ;_;  315_MC  lines_NNS  g_ZZ1  (_(  all_DB  three_MC  points_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  g_ZZ1  being_VBG  m_ZZ1  )_)  lie_VV0  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  while_CS  through_IO  each_DD1  g_ZZ1  pass_VV0  three_MC  planes_NNS  d_ZZ1  lying_VBG  wholly_RR  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  (_(  in_CS  that_CS  all_DB  seven_MC  points_NNS  in_IO  d_ZZ1  are_VBR  m_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  seven_MC  lines_NNS  in_IO  d_ZZ1  are_VBR  g_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  these_DD2  three_MC  d_ZZ1  form_VV0  the_AT1  complete_JJ  intersection_NN  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  with_IO  E_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  polar_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  of_IO  g_ZZ1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  intended_VBN  to_TO  construct_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  120_MC  figures_NNS  F_ZZ1  ;_;  each_DD1  F_ZZ1  includes_VBZ  all_DB  63_MC  m_ZZ1  together_RR  with_IO  63_MC  d_ZZ1  ,_,  one_MC1  d_ZZ1  being_VBG  associated_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  m_ZZ1    having_VHG  m_ZZ1  for_IO  its_APP$  focus_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  may_VM  say_VV0  .  
  those_DD2  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  that_PNQS pass_VV0  through_IO  its_APP$  focus_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  rays_NNS  ;_;  all_DB  three_MC  d_ZZ1  containing_VBG  a_AT1  ray_NN  belong_VV0  to_IO  F_ZZ1  ,_,  their_APP$  foci_NNS  being_VBG  those_DD2  three_MC  m_ZZ1  that_PNQS constitute_VV0  the_AT1  ray_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  there_EX  being_VBG  three_MC  rays_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  63_MC  d_ZZ1  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  63_MC  rays_NNS  in_IO  F_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  plane_NN  of_IO  any_DD  two_MC  intersecting_JJ  rays_NNS  is_VBZ  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  third_MD  line_NN  therein_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  intersection_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ray_NN  too_RR  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  72_MC  d_ZZ1  extraneous_JJ  to_IO  F_ZZ1  includes_VBZ  a_AT1  ray_NN  ;_;  of_IO  those_DD2  d_ZZ1  that_PNQS pass_VV0  through_IO  a_AT1  g_ZZ1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  ray_NN  only_RR  one_MC1  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  F_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  being_VBG  extraneous_JJ  to_IO  F_ZZ1  .  
  although_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  figure_NN  as_IO  F_ZZ1  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  previously_RR  described_VBN  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  encountered_VBN  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  implication_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  obtainable_JJ  when_CS Q_ZZ1  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  section_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ruled_JJ  quadric_NN  S_ZZ1  in_IO  (_(  7_MC  )_)  ;_;  one_MC1  has_VHZ  then_RL  only_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  ,_,  on_IO  S_ZZ1  ,_,  those_DD2  points_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  autoconjugate_JJ  (_(  \0i.e_RR  incident_JJ  with_IO  their_APP$  corresponding_JJ  solids_NNS  )_)  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  triality_NN  .  
  that_CS  such_DA  points_NNS  make_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  prime_JB  section_NN  of_IO  S_ZZ1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  5.2.2_MC  in_IO  (_(  5_MC  )_)  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  63_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  accords_NNS  with_IO  putting_VBG  k_ZZ1  =_&FO  l_ZZ1  =_&FO  2_MC  in_IO  8.2.4_MC  of_IO  (_(  5_MC  )_)  ;_;  8.2.6_MC  then_RL  says_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  of_IO  63_MC  m_ZZ1  ,_,  32_MC  lie_VV0  outside_IO  the_AT1  tangent_NN  prime_NN  T*;0**;_&FO  to_IO  Q_ZZ1  at_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  point_NN  m*;0**;_&FO  while_CS  8.2.5_MC  says_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  63_MC  rays_NNS  ,_,  or_CC    fixed_JJ  lines_NNS    in_IO  Tits'_PPIO2  phraseology_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  let_VV0  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  be_VB0  any_DD  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  135_MC  planes_NNS  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  that_PNQS are_VBR  skew_JJ  to_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  ;_;  they_PPHS2  span_VV0  a_AT1  (_(  5_MC  )_)  C_ZZ1  and_CC  ,_,  being_VBG  skew_JJ  ,_,  belong_VV0  to_IO  opposite_JJ  systems_NNS  on_IO  K_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  Klein_NP  section_NN  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  by_IO  C_ZZ1  .  
  through_IO  any_DD  line_NN  g_ZZ1  of_IO  d_ZZ1  passes_VBZ  another_DD1  plane_NN  of_IO  K_ZZ1  which_DDQ  ,_,  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  system_NN  to_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  system_NN  as_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  and_CC  so_RR  meets_VBZ  d*?7_ZZ1  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  m*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  points_NNS  m*?7_ZZ1  so_RR  arising_VBG  from_IO  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  concurrent_JJ  at_IO  m_ZZ1  lie_VV0  on_IO  g*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  intersection_NN  of_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  with_IO  the_AT1  tangent_NN  space_NN  (_(  dg*?7_&FO  )_)  of_IO  K_ZZ1  at_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  plane_NN  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  on_IO  K_ZZ1  that_PNQS contains_VBZ  g*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  (_(  mg*?7_&FO  )_)  .  
  so_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  set_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  correlation_NN  between_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  each_DD1  point_NN  of_IO  either_LE  is_VBZ  correlative_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  if_CS  m_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  m*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  each_DD1  lie_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  correlative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  their_APP$  join_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  K_ZZ1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  21_MC  such_DA  joins_NNS  ;_;  through_IO  each_DD1  point_NN  m_ZZ1  of_IO  d_ZZ1  there_EX  pass_VV0  three_MC  ,_,  lying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  joining_VBG  m_ZZ1  to_IO  its_APP$  correlative_NN  g*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  likewise_RR  there_RL  pass_VV0  three_MC  coplanar_JJ  joins_NNS  through_IO  each_DD1  point_NN  m*?7_ZZ1  of_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  .  
  since_CS  K_ZZ1  consists_VBZ  of_IO  35_MC  m_ZZ1  there_EX  are_VBR  21_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  labelled_VBN  temporarily_RR  as_IO  points_NNS  m_ZZ1  ,_,  that_PNQS lie_VV0  neither_LE  in_IO  d_ZZ1  nor_CC  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  through_IO  each_DD1  m_ZZ1  passes_VBZ  one_MC1  transversal_NN  to_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  these_DD2  21_MC  lines_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  through_IO  each_DD1  m_ZZ1  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  joins_NNS  mm*?7_&FO  of_IO  points_NNS  each_DD1  on_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  correlative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  through_IO  each_DD1  point_NN  on_IO  K_ZZ1  pass_VV0  nine_MC  lines_NNS  lying_VBG  on_IO  K_ZZ1  ;_;  if_CS  m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  in_IO  d_ZZ1  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  lie_VV0  in_IO  d_ZZ1  while_CS  another_DD1  three_MC  join_VV0  m_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  points_NNS  on_IO  its_APP$  correlative_NN  g*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  there_EX  remain_VV0  three_MC  others_DA2  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  21_MC  g_ZZ1  on_IO  K_ZZ1  meet_VV0  d_ZZ1  in_IO  points_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  skew_JJ  to_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  .  
  another_DD1  21_MC  meet_VV0  d*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  points_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  skew_JJ  to_IO  d_ZZ1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  105g_MC  on_IO  K_ZZ1  seven_MC  in_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  seven_MC  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  21_MC  transversal_JJ  to_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  there_EX  remain_VV0  28_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  labelled_VBN  g*/_&FO  ,_,  skew_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  .  
  these_DD2  28_MC  g*/_&FO  may_VM  be_VB0  identified_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  .  
  take_VV0  any_DD  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  ;_;  the_AT1  solid_NN  that_PNQS joins_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_IO  any_DD  g*?7_ZZ1  through_IO  its_APP$  correlative_NN  m*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  meets_VBZ  K_ZZ1  in_IO  two_MC  planes_NNS  through_IO  mm*?7_&FO  ,_,  m_ZZ1  being_VBG  that_DD1  point_NN  on_IO  g_ZZ1  to_IO  which_DDQ  g*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  correlative_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  lines_NNS  g*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  that_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  contain_VV0  m*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  then_RL  the_AT1  solid_NN  (_(  gg*?7_&FO  )_)  meets_VBZ  K_ZZ1  in_IO  a_AT1  hyperboloid_NN  whereon_CS the_AT1  regulus_NN  that_PNQS includes_VBZ  g_ZZ1  and_CC  g*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  by_IO  g*/_&FO  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  seven_MC  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  four_MC  g*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  not_XX  containing_VBG  the_AT1  correlative_NN  m_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  28_MC  g*/_&FO  are_VBR  accounted_VBN  for_IO  .  
  there_EX  being_VBG  three_MC  m_ZZ1  on_IO  each_DD1  g*/_&FO  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  21_MC  m_ZZ1  in_IO  all_DB  ,_,  one_MC1  expects_VBZ  there_EX  to_TO  be_VB0  four_MC  g*/_&FO  through_IO  each_DD1  m_ZZ1  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  .  
  for_CS  let_VV0  the_AT1  transversal_NN  from_IO  m_ZZ1  to_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  meet_VV0  d_ZZ1  in_IO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  m*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  through_IO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  are_VBR  lines_NNS  g*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  g*;2**;_&FO  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  correlative_NN  g_ZZ1  to_IO  m*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  through_IO  m*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  are_VBR  lines_NNS  g*;1**;*?7_&FO  ,_,  g*;2**;*?7_&FO  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  correlative_NN  g*?7_ZZ1  to_IO  m_ZZ1  ;_;  each_DD1  solid_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  meets_VBZ  K_ZZ1  in_IO  a_AT1  hyperboloid_NN  whereon_CS a_AT1  regulus_NN  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  g*/_&FO  through_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  3_MC  .  
  take_VV0  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  g*/_&FO  :_:  the_AT1  transversals_NNS  from_IO  its_APP$  three_MC  m_ZZ1  to_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  form_VV0  a_AT1  regulus_NN  whose_PNQV$  complement_NN  includes_VBZ  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  g*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  neither_LE  g_ZZ1  nor_CC  g*?7_ZZ1  being_VBG  correlative_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  correlative_NN  m_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  of_IO  g*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  conjugate_NN  to_IO  every_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  g_ZZ1  and_CC  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  defining_JJ  property_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  correlation_NN  ,_,  to_IO  every_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  g*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  so_PN1  ,_,  likewise_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  correlative_NN  m*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  of_IO  g_ZZ1  .  
  hence_RR  the_AT1  polar_JJ  plane_NN  j*;0**;_&FO  (_(  (_(  3_MC  )_)  ,_,  *?136_&FO  )_)  of_IO  (_(  gg*?7_&FO  )_)  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  Q_ZZ1  contains_VBZ  both_DB2  m_ZZ1  and_CC  m*?7_ZZ1  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  remaining_JJ  point_NN  m*/_&FO  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  in_IO  j*;0**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  lies_VBZ  outside_IO  C_ZZ1    for_CS  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  belonged_VVD  to_IO  C_ZZ1  would_VM  put_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  j*;0**;_&FO  in_IO  C_ZZ1  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  kernel_NN  of_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  j*;0**;_&FO  ,_,  is_VBZ  outside_IO  C_ZZ1  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  are_VBR  63-25_&FO  =_&FO  28_MC  points_NNS  m*/_&FO  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  on_IO  K_ZZ1  ;_;  thus_RR  each_DD1  m*/_&FO  is_VBZ  linked_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  g*/_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  m*/g*/_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  plane_NN  d_ZZ1  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  planes_NNS  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  through_IO  any_DD  line_NN  thereon_RR  ;_;  if_CS  this_DD1  line_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  transversal_NN  mmm*?7_&FO  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  21_MC  m_ZZ1  to_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  two_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  planes_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  K_ZZ1  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  third_MD  contains_VBZ  a_AT1  quadrangle_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  with_IO  its_APP$  diagonal_JJ  points_NNS  at_IO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  m_ZZ1  ,_,  m*?7_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  tangent_NN  prime_NN  to_IO  Q_ZZ1  at_IO  any_DD  vertex_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  quadrangle_NN  contains_VBZ  mmm*?7_&FO  and_CC  meets_VBZ  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  lines_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  regulus_NN  completed_VBN  by_IO  g*/_&FO  through_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  thus_RR  four_MC  concurrent_JJ  g*/_&FO  are_VBR  linked_VBN  with_IO  coplanar_JJ  m*/_&FO  whose_PNQV$  plane_NN  ,_,  containing_VBG  the_AT1  transversal_NN  to_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  concurrence_NN  ,_,  lies_VBZ  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  but_CCB  not_XX  on_IO  K_ZZ1  .  
  4_MC  .  
  choose_VV0  now_RL  ,_,  from_IO  among_IO  the_AT1  315_MC  g_ZZ1  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  21_MC  transversals_NNS  of_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  and_CC  those_DD2  ,_,  three_MC  through_IO  each_DD1  m*/_&FO  ,_,  that_PNQS join_VV0  m*/_&FO  to_IO  those_DD2  m_ZZ1  on_IO  the_AT1  g*/_&FO  that_PNQS is_VBZ  linked_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  each_DD1  such_DA  join_NN  contains_VBZ  two_MC  m*/_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  g*/_&FO  that_PNQS are_VBR  linked_VBN  therewith_RR  both_DB2  passing_VBG  through_IO  m_ZZ1  ;_;  hence_RR  ,_,  under_IO  this_DD1  second_MD  heading_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  g_ZZ1  selected_VBN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  so_RR  63_MC  g_ZZ1  are_VBR  chosen_VBN  :_:  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  rays_NNS  .  
  through_IO  each_DD1  m_ZZ1  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  pass_VV0  three_MC  rays_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  coplanar_JJ  .  
  if_CS  m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  m*/_&FO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  manifest_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  prescription_NN  of_IO  choice_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  too_RR  if_CS  m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  in_IO  d_ZZ1  or_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  m_ZZ1  the_AT1  rays_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  lie_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  d_ZZ1  through_IO  mmm*?7_&FO  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  on_IO  K_ZZ1  .  
  so_RR  63_MC  d_ZZ1  are_VBR  chosen_VBN  from_IO  among_IO  the_AT1  135_MC  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  ;_;  each_DD1  contains_VBZ  three_MC  concurrent_JJ  rays_NNS  .  
  call_VV0  the_AT1  m_ZZ1  wherein_CS the_AT1  rays_NNS  concur_VV0  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  d_ZZ1  .  
  through_IO  any_DD  g_ZZ1  there_EX  pass_VV0  three_MC  d_ZZ1  ;_;  if_CS  g_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ray_NN  these_DD2  d_ZZ1  are_VBR  those_DD2  having_VHG  the_AT1  m_ZZ1  on_IO  the_AT1  ray_NN  for_IO  foci_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  points_NNS  of_IO  d_ZZ1  other_DA  than_IO  its_APP$  focus_NN  m_ZZ1  are_VBR  foci_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  other_DA  d_ZZ1  which_DDQ  belong_VV0  to_IO  F_ZZ1  and_CC  contain_VV0  m_ZZ1  ;_;  if_CS  d_ZZ1  ,_,  d*?7_ZZ1  in_IO  F_ZZ1  are_VBR  such_DA  that_CS  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  in_IO  d_ZZ1  then_RL  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  d_ZZ1  is_VBZ  in_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  .  
  whenever_CS two_MC  rays_NNS  meet_VV0  the_AT1  third_MD  line_NN  through_IO  their_APP$  intersection_NN  and_CC  lying_VBG  in_IO  their_APP$  plane_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ray_NN  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  these_DD2  63_MC  d_ZZ1  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  63_MC  rays_NNS  and_CC  foci_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS constitute_VV0  the_AT1  figure_NN  F_ZZ1  .  
  each_DD1  d_ZZ1  in_IO  F_ZZ1  contains_VBZ  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  three_MC  concurrent_JJ  rays_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  quadrilateral_NN  of_IO  g_ZZ1  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  rays_NNS  ;_;  thus_RR  ,_,  by_IO  four_MC  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  63_MC  d_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  315-63_&FO  =_&FO  252_MC  g_ZZ1  that_PNQS are_VBR  not_XX  rays_NNS  are_VBR  accounted_VBN  for_IO  .  
  through_IO  each_DD1  such_DA  g_ZZ1  pass_VV0  two_MC  planes_NNS  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  extraneous_JJ  to_IO  F_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  135-63_&FO  =_&FO  72_MC  extraneous_JJ  planes_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  labelled_VBN  d_ZZ1  ;_;  the_AT1  planes_NNS  above_II  denominated_VBN  by_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  are_VBR  in_IO  this_DD1  category_NN  .  
  no_AT1  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ray_NN  and_CC  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  planes_NNS  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  that_DD1  pass_NN  through_IO  it_PPH1  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  F_ZZ1  whereas_CS  ,_,  were_VBDR  g_ZZ1  a_AT1  ray_NN  ,_,  all_DB  three_MC  would_VM  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  5_MC  .  
  label_VV0  the_AT1  m_ZZ1  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  72_MC  d_ZZ1  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  they_PPHS2  lie_VV0  on_IO  g_ZZ1  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  through_IO  each_DD1  such_DA  g_ZZ1  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  single_JJ  d_ZZ1  belonging_VBG  to_IO  F_ZZ1  ;_;  label_VV0  the_AT1  foci_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  d_ZZ1  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  lie_VV0  in_IO  d_ZZ1  ,_,  respectively_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  then_RL  those_DD2  d_ZZ1  whose_PNQV$  foci_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  d_ZZ1  join_VV0  its_APP$  points_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  respective_JJ  triads_NNS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  join_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  points_NNS  1_MC  is_VBZ  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  and_CC  ,_,  there_EX  being_VBG  no_AT1  solid_NN  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  points_NNS  1_MC  lie_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  plane_NN  d*?7_ZZ1  whose_PNQV$  lines_NNS  consist_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  triads_NNS  2_MC  .  
  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  72_MC  d_ZZ1  has_VHZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  clear_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  twin_NN  d*?7_ZZ1  coupled_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  F_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  correlation_NN  between_IO  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  or_CC  ,_,  alternatively_RR  ,_,  by_IO  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  .  
  those_DD2  d_ZZ1  that_PNQS pass_VV0  one_MC1  through_IO  each_DD1  line_NN  of_IO  d*?7_ZZ1  have_VH0  for_IO  their_APP$  foci_NNS  the_AT1  points_NNS  of_IO  d_ZZ1  correlative_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  ;_;  if_CS  d_ZZ1  passes_VBZ  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  through_IO  1_MC  3_MC  5_MC  its_APP$  focus_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  5_MC  common_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  d_ZZ1  whose_PNQV$  foci_NNS  are_VBR  1_MC  ,_,  3_MC  ,_,  5_MC  .  
  since_CS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  in_IO  *?134_&FO  ,_,  d_ZZ1  and_CC  d*?7_ZZ1  determine_VV0  F_ZZ1  uniquely_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  x/36_&FO  figures_NNS  F_ZZ1  where_CS x_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  pairs_NNS  of_IO  skew_JJ  planes_VBZ  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  .  
  to_TO  calculate_VV0  x_ZZ1  note_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  (_(  using_VBG  d_ZZ1  now_RL  to_TO  signify_VV0  a_AT1  plane_NN  on_IO  Q_ZZ1  whether_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  in_IO  F_ZZ1  or_CC  extraneous_JJ  thereto_RR  )_)  ,_,  that_CS  each_DD1  d_ZZ1  is_VBZ  met_VBN  in_IO  lines_NNS  by_IO  14_MC  others_DA2  ,_,  two_MC  passing_VBG  through_IO  each_DD1  g_ZZ1  in_IO  d_ZZ1  .  
  note_VV0  next_RR  ,_,  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  how_CS many_DA  d_ZZ1  meet_VV0  a_AT1  given_JJ  d*;0**;_&FO  in_IO  points_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  15_MC  d_ZZ1  through_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  m_ZZ1  of_IO  d*;0**;_&FO  project_VV0  ,_,  from_IO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  15_MC  g_ZZ1  in_IO  (_(  4_MC  )_)  passing_VBG  three_MC  by_IO  three_MC  through_IO  15_MC  points_NNS  (_(  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ,_,  *?13*?1313-15_NNS  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  much_RR  over-simplified_JJ  example_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  may_VM  serve_VV0  to_TO  emphasise_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  common_JJ  criteria_NNS  of_IO  adaptation_NN  often_RR  contradict_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  a_AT1  common_JJ  antecedent_NN  to_IO  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  stress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  is_VBZ  violent_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  instance_NN  of_IO  stress_NN  conditions_NNS  and_CC  behaviour_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  will_VM  be_VB0  discussing_VBG  ,_,  overt_JJ  and_CC  drastic_JJ  changes_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  far_RR  to_TO  seek_VV0  .  
  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  turbulent_JJ  transition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  hundred_MC  years_NNS  have_VH0  brought_VBN  great_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  tribes_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  tribesmen_NNS  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  fertile_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  stress_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  clash_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  his_APP$  society_NN  .  
  this_DD1  conflict_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  more_RG  severe_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  two_MC  aspects_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  geared_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  functionally_RR  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  any_DD  rigid_JJ  pre-literate_JB  tribal_JJ  system_NN  where_CS the_AT1  conformity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  stable_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  expected_JJ  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  ensured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  child_NN  rearing_NN  .  
  tonight_NN1  I_PPIS1  will_VM  be_VB0  considering_VBG  some_DD  aspects_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  in_IO  Zululand_NP  and_CC  change_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  as_RG  violent_JJ  here_RL  as_CS  elsewhere_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  modern_JJ  Zulu_NP  is_VBZ  neither_LE  purely_RR  traditional_JJ  African_JJ  nor_CC  purely_RR  western_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  attitudes_NNS  ,_,  aspirations_NNS  and_CC  behaviour_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  displaced_JJ  person_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  society_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  displaced_JJ  society_NN  .  
  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  readily_RR  identifiable_JJ  social_JJ  norms_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  specific_JJ  action_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  fact_NN  that_PNQS makes_VBZ  the_AT1  investigation_NN  of_IO  stress_NN  disorder_NN  in_IO  Zululand_NP  so_RG  difficult_JJ  and_CC  yet_RR  so_RG  potentially_RR  illuminating_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  Durkheim's_PPIO2  anomy_NN  ,_,  social_JJ  disorganization_NN  at_IO  all_DB  levels_NNS      norms_NNS    are_VBR  hard_JJ  or_CC  impossible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  psychologist_NN  can_VM  not_XX  ,_,  for_IO  long_RR  ,_,  hold_VV0  many_DA  preconceptions_NNS  .  
  as_CS  ,_,  to_IO  most_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  background_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  unfamiliar_JJ  I_PPIS1  must_VM  spend_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  time_NN  in_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  situation_NN  then_RL  (_(  say_VV0  1850_MC  )_)  and_CC  now_RL  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  people_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  pastoralist_JJ  and_CC  agriculturist_JJ  conquerors_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  southern_JJ  Africa_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  enough_DD  land_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  needs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  warriors_NNS  whose_PNQV$  chief_JB  domestic_JJ  duty_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  tending_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cattle_NNS    an_AT1  occupation_NN  strictly_RR  taboo_JJ  to_IO  women_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  women_NNS  did_VDD  the_AT1  hard_JJ  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  state_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pyramidal_JJ  patriarchy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  king_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  secular_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ    father_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS    ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  apex_NN  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  remained_VVD  at_IO  their_APP$  homesteads_NNS  except_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  required_VBN  for_IO  military_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  legal_JJ  and_CC  ritual_JB  authority_NN  was_VBDZ  vested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  males_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  .  
  most_DA  marriages_NNS  were_VBDR  polygynous_JJ  and_CC  based_VBN  upon_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  bride-price_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  pyramid_NN  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  was_VBDZ  strictly_RR  circumscribed_VBN  by_IO  law_NN  and_CC  custom_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  especially_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  married_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  living_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  tutelage_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  mother_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  even_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  modify_VV0  the_AT1  very_DA  speech_NN  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  used_VVD  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  any_DD  words_NNS  containing_VBG  the_AT1  root_NN  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  in_IO  law_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extended_JJ  family_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  present_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  helped_VVD  greatly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rearing_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  ;_;  children_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  of_IO  vital_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  for_CS  not_XX  only_RR  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  ensure_VV0  continuity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clan_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  adequate_JJ  care_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  died_VVD  and_CC  became_VVD  ancestral_JJ  spirits_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  also_RR  economically_RR  profitable_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  girl_NN  child_NN  fetching_VBG  ,_,  on_IO  marriage_NN  ,_,  some_DD  ten_MC  head_NN  of_IO  cattle_NNS  (_(  highly_RR  prized_VBN  on_IO  both_DB2  economic_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ  grounds_NNS  )_)  from_IO  the_AT1  prospective_JJ  bridegroom_NN  .  
  fertility_NN  in_IO  women_NNS  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  an_AT1  attribute_NN  of_IO  paramount_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  marriage_NN  without_IO  issue_NN  the_AT1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  almost_RR  invariably_RR  ,_,  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  sterile_JJ  partner_NN  .  
  in_IO  only_RR  two_MC  ways_NNS  could_VM  women_NNS  ever_RR  assert_VV0  power_NN  in_IO  any_DD  public_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  on_IO  one_MC1  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  dress_VV0  as_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  tend_VV0  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  ,_,  drink_VV0  beer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  masculine_JJ  fashion_NN  ,_,  sing_VV0  obscene_JJ  songs_NNS  and_CC  beat_VV0  any_DD  man_NN  found_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1  huts_NNS  .  
  also_RR  any_DD  woman_NN  ,_,  if_CS  possessed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  spirits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  ancestors_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  diviner_NN    usually_RR  called_VBN  in_IO  lay_JB  description_NN    a_AT1  witch-doctor_NN    .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  emergence_NN  into_IO  this_DD1  ro*?5le_NN  the_AT1  possessed_JJ  person_NN  (_(  ninety_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  diviners_NNS  were_VBDR  and_CC  are_VBR  women_NNS  )_)  became_VVD  very_RG  ill_JJ  ,_,  showing_VBG  gross_JJ  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  mental_JJ  disturbance_NN  ,_,    in_IO  our_APP$  society_NN  the_AT1  label_NN    psychotic_NC2    would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  applied_VBN    and_CC  then_RL  often_RR  recovered_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  profitable_JJ  and_CC  public_JJ  duties_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  diviner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  causes_NNS  of_IO  harm_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  such_IO  as_II  illness_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  bewitchment_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  Harley_NP  Street_NNL1  consultant_NN  .  
  so_PN1  much_DA  for_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  brief_JJ  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  analogous_JJ  situation_NN  today_NN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  Zulu_NP  King_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  temporal_JJ  and_CC  spiritual_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  people_NNS  .  
  tribal_JJ  authority_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  over_RP  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  really_RR  effective_JJ  aspects_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tribal_JJ  lands_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  drastically_RR  restricted_VBN  in_IO  area_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  make_VV0  ends_NNS  meet_VV0  some_DD  eighty_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  all_DB  men_NNS  of_IO  working_NN  age_NN  (_(  between_IO  sixteen_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  )_)  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  for_IO  some_DD  ten_MC  months_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  working_VBG  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  miles_NNS  away_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  and_CC  factories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  extended_JJ  family_NN  has_VHZ  ,_,  usually_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  broken_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  traditions_NNS  and_CC  regulations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tribe_NN  are_VBR  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  dead_JJ  letter_NN  .  
  many_DA  Zulu_NP2  have_VH0  become_VBN  Christians_NP2  ,_,  abandoning_VBG  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  nominally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ancestors_NNS  .  
  polygyny_NN  is_VBZ  rare_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  becoming_VBG  rarer_JJ  .  
  poverty_NN  and_CC  malnutrition_NN  are_VBR  rife_JJ  ;_;  infant_NN  mortality_NN  is_VBZ  some_DD  350_MC  per_IO  1000_MC  live_JJ  births_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  tuberculosis_NN  and_CC  venereal_JJ  disease_NN  have_VH0  become_VBN  common_JJ  disorders_NNS    the_AT1  latter_DA  exacerbated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  promiscuity_NN  engendered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  migrant_JJ  labour_NN  system_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  woman_NN  in_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  still_RR  work_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  produce_VV0  enough_DD  food_NN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  and_CC  her_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  tend_VV0  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  unthinkable_JJ  action_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  indigenous_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  in_IO  law_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  less_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  pregnant_JJ  and_CC  to_TO  bear_VV0  a_AT1  live_JJ  child_NN  ;_;  conception_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  improbable_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  away_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  and_CC  here_RL  too_RG  venereal_JJ  disease_NN  rates_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  relevance_NN  .  
  on_IO  average_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ  education_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_IO  school_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  longer_JJ  time_NN  she_PPHO1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  transvestite_NN  ceremony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  day_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  into_IO  desuetude_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  woman_NN  can_VM  still_RR  become_VV0  a_AT1  diviner_NN  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  as_RG  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2    probably_RR  more_DA    than_CS  there_EX  ever_RR  were_VBDR  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  classic_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  social_JJ  stress_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  usually_RR  been_VBN  conceived_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Zulu_NP  woman_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  affected_VBN  at_IO  many_DA  levels_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  functioning_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  pressures_NNS  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  theorists_NNS  would_VM  argue_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  new_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  pathological_JJ  behaviour_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  or_CC  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  that_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  of_IO  known_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  mental_JJ  disorder_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  .  
  has_VHZ  either_LE  of_IO  these_DD2  possibilities_NNS  come_VBN  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  question_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  but_CCB  ,_,  possibly_RR  rashly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  inclined_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0    yes_UH    .  
  about_IO  1897_MC  the_AT1  crying_NN  began_VVD    umHayizo_&FW  or_CC  isiPoliyane_&FW    it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  under_IO  different_JJ  names_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  names_NNS  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ascertain_VV0  ,_,  had_VHD  appeared_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  before_IO  this_DD1  date_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  specific_JJ  behaviour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  written_JJ  records_NNS  of_IO  travellers_NNS  ,_,  missionaries_NNS  or_CC  lexicographers_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  other_DA  aberrant_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  such_IO  as_II  spirit_NN  possession_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  named_VBN  and_CC  described_VBN  from_IO  1820_MC  onwards_RR  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  themselves_PPX2  date_VV0  the_AT1  symptoms_NNS  from_IO  1897_MC  ,_,    after_CS  all_DB  our_APP$  cattle_NNS  had_VHD  died_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  rinderpest_NN  epidemic_NN    .  
  but_CCB  why_CS should_VM  simple_JJ    crying_NN    be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  pathological_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  anything_RR  but_RR  simple_JJ  and_CC  ordinary_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  Zulu_NP  woman_NN  may_VM  suddenly_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  cry_VV0  out_RP    Hayi_&FW  !_!  Hayi_&FW  !_!  Hayi_&FW  !_!    or_CC    Zza_&FW  !_!  Zza_&FW  !_!  Zza_&FW  !_!    or_&FW  to_TO  make_VV0  guttural_JJ  grunting_JJ  screams_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  may_VM  keep_VV0  this_DD1  up_RP  for_IO  hours_NNS  ,_,  days_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  weeks_NNS  on_IO  end_NN  ,_,  ceasing_VBG  only_RR  during_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  by_IO  our_APP$  standards_NNS  this_DD1  looks_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  sounds_VBZ  ,_,  most_RG  peculiar_JJ  and_CC  most_DA  earlier_JJ  observers_NNS  unhesitatingly_RR  adjudged_VVD  it_PPH1  pathological_JJ  .  
  various_JJ  ethnologists_NNS  ,_,  doctors_NNS  and_CC  missionaries_NNS  stated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  crying_NN  was_VBDZ  directly_RR  caused_VBN  by_IO  :_:  epilepsy_NN  ;_;  alcoholism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  breakdown_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  social_JJ  order_NN  ;_;  abnormal_JJ  sexual_JJ  habits_NNS  ;_;  forbidden_JJ  or_CC  unfulfilled_JJ  sexual_JJ  wishes_NNS  ;_;    gain_NN  by_IO  illness_NN    ;_;  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  love_NN  charms_NNS  by_IO  men_NNS  ;_;  even_RR    Hamletism_NN1    .  
  once_CS  a_AT1    reason_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  stated_VBN  no_AT1  further_JB  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  generally_RR  ,_,  felt_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  implications_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  stress_NN  situation_NN  in_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  hypotheses_NNS  advanced_VBN  .  
  observers_NNS  tended_VVD  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  crying_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  discrete_JJ  reaction_NN    a_AT1  single_JJ  and_CC  separate_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  right_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  interviews_NNS  ,_,  questionnaires_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  projective_JJ  test_NN  (_(  asking_VBG  my_APP$  subjects_NNS  to_TO  tell_VV0  stories_NNS  about_IO  pictures_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  illustrative_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1    stress_NN  points_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1  culture_NN  )_)  I_PPIS1  spent_VVD  some_DD  years_NNS  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  about_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  clear_JJ  cut_JJ"  kind_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  findings_NNS  may_VM  serve_VV0  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  various_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  adaptation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  possible_JJ  utility_NN  of_IO  some_DD  apparently_RR    maladaptive_JJ    symptoms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  pattern_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  anything_RR  but_RR  discrete_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  logic_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  as_IO  an_AT1  integral_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  screamer_NN  .  
  firstly_RR  it_PPH1  emerged_VVD  that_CS  while_CS  some_DD  ten_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  men_NNS  reported_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  suffered_VBN  occasional_JJ  attacks_NNS  ,_,  almost_RR  exactly_RR  half_DB  Zulu_NP  women_NNS  showed_VVD  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crying_NN  fits_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  fact_NN  emerged_VVD  on_IO  three_MC  separate_JJ  occasions_NNS  from_IO  random_JJ  samples_NNS  totalling_VBG  some_DD  thousand_MC  women_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  made_VVD  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  quantitative_JJ  criterion_NN  for_IO  normality_NN  (_(  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  more_RG  normal_JJ  to_TO  scream_VV0  than_CS  not_XX  to_TO  scream_VV0  .  )_)  unprofitable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  examine_VV0  related_JJ  phenomena_NNS  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  establish_VV0  the_AT1  nosology_NN  and_CC  aetiology_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  .  
  using_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  control_NN  group_NN  those_DD2  women_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  such_DA  crying_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  statistical_JJ  basis_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  crying_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  linked_VBN  with_IO    hysteria_NN    as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  likely_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  highly_RR  significantly_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  such_DA  classical_JJ  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  anxiety_NN  as_IO  precordial_JJ  pain_NN  ,_,  sweating_JJ  hands_NNS  and_CC  feet_NNS  ,_,  apparently_RR    causeless_JJ    fear_NN  \0etc_RR  .  
  the_AT1  screaming_NN  represented_VVD  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  reaction_NN  to_IO  fear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  subject_NN  felt_VVD  overpowering_JJ  terror_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  physical_JJ  sensation_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  localised_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  shoulder_NN  blades_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  cried_VVD  out_RP  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  precipitated_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  different_JJ  stimuli_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  snake_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  clap_NN  of_IO  thunder_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  word_NN  or_CC  even_RR  ,_,  subjective_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  common_JJ  ,_,    a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  anger_NN    .  
  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  investigating_VBG  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  discharge_NN  of_IO  anxiety_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  prolonged_JJ  ,_,  fear_NN  reaction_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  interesting_JJ  finding_NN  appeared_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  cryers_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  less_RG  prone_JJ  to_IO  most_DA  symptoms_NNS  of_IO  conversion_NN  hysteria_NN  than_CS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  controls_NNS  .  
  there_EX  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  relative_JJ  immunity_NN  from_IO  hysterical_JJ  blindnesses_NNS  ,_,  paralyses_NNS  \0etc_RR  was_VBDZ  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  crying_NN  fits_NNS  as_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  central_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  categories_NNS  of_IO  cryers_NNS  and_CC  controls_NNS  having_VHG  been_VBN  established_VBN  after_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  questions_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  asked_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  whether_CS  the_AT1  reply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  ever_RR  had_VHN  crying_NN  attacks_NNS  .    was_VBDZ  positive_JJ  or_CC  negative_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  exception_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  freedom_NN  from_IO  hysterical_JJ  conversion_NN  .  
  women_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  history_NN  of_IO  pseudocyesis_NN  ,_,  common_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  and_CC  itself_PPX1  a_AT1  classical_JJ  symptom_NN  of_IO  conversion_NN  hysteria_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  practically_RR  all_DB  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  crying_JJ  group_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  particular_JJ  interest_NN  for_IO  two_MC  reasons_NNS  .  
  firstly_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exception_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  proneness_NN  to_IO  conversion_NN  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  screamers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  exception_NN  thus_RR  seemed_VVD  worthy_JJ  of_IO  close_JJ  investigation_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  literature_NN  ,_,  such_DA  pseudo-pregnancy_NN  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  regarded_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  but_CCB  unavailing_JJ  wish_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS the_AT1  woman_NN  is_VBZ  under_IO  strong_JJ  social_JJ  pressure_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  baby_NN    the_AT1  obstetrical_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  some_DD  Queens_NNSB2  of_IO  England_NP  where_CS an_AT1  heir_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  point_NN  .  
  Piaget_NP  stresses_VBZ  that_CS  children_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  visualize_VV0  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  actions_NNS  until_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  performed_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  a_AT1  child_NN  can_VM  not_XX  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  section_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cylinder_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  circle_NN  ,_,  until_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  cut_VBN  through_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  cylinder_NN  of_IO  plasticine_NN  .  
  as_CS  always_RR  for_IO  Piaget_NP  ,_,  thought_NN  can_VM  only_RR  take_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  action_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  that_PNQS action_NN  itself_PPX1  provides_VBZ  .  
  while_CS  experience_NN  and_CC  general_JJ  cultural_JJ  opportunities_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  in_IO  helping_VBG  the_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  his_APP$  concepts_NNS  of_IO  space_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  forgotten_VBN  that_CS  genetic_JJ  causes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  temperament_NN  ,_,  play_VV0  important_JJ  roles_NNS  too_RR  ,_,  especially_RR  the_AT1  former_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  known_VBN  that_CS  ability_NN  to_TO  manipulate_VV0  shapes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  present_JJ  by_IO  10-12_MC-MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  independent_JJ  of_IO  measured_JJ  intelligence_NN  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  girls_NNS  possess_VV0  this_DD1  ability_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  lesser_JJ  degree_NN  than_IO  boys_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  their_APP$  inferiority_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  part_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  differing_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  activities_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  engage_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  by_IO  El_NP  Koussy_NP  in_IO  1935_MC  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  ability_NN  depended_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  facility_NN  to_TO  utilize_VV0  ,_,  visual_JJ  spatial_JJ  imagery_NN  .  
  El_NP  Koussy's_PPIO2  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  received_VBN  a_DA  little_DA  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Stewart_NP  and_CC  Macfarlane_NP  Smith_NP  (_(  1959_MC  )_)  using_VBG  the_AT1  electroencephalograph_NN  .  
  Piaget_NP  would_VM  certainly_RR  admit_VV0  that_CS  imagery_NN  supports_VBZ  spatial_JJ  reasoning_NN  and_CC  geometrical_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  itself_PPX1  sufficient_JJ  .  
  chapter_NN  nine_MC  .  
  concepts_NNS  of_IO  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  .  
  before_CS  children_NNS  come_VV0  to_IO  school_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  many_DA  expressions_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  adults_NNS  and_CC  older_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  most_DA  children_NNS  hear_VV0  their_APP$  mothers_NNS  speak_VV0  of_IO  yards_NNS  of_IO  material_NN  ,_,  or_CC    less_RG  often_RR    their_APP$  fathers_NNS  speak_VV0  of_IO  feet_NNS  of_IO  timber_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  or_CC  nearby_JB  town_NN  .  
  more_RG  frequently_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  hear_VV0  of_IO  comparisons_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  actual_JJ  lengths_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II      this_DD1  is_VBZ  longer_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1    ,_,  or_CC      that_DD1  is_VBZ  higher_JJ  than_IO  this_DD1    .  
  these_DD2  expressions_NNS  are_VBR  associated_VBN  with_IO  many_DA  experiences_NNS  ranging_VBG  ,_,  maybe_RR  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  nails_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  mountains_NNS  .  
  likewise_RR  a_AT1  child_NN  hears_VBZ  terms_NNS  like_IO    near_NC2    and_CC    far_NC2    in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  nearby_JB  or_CC  distant_JJ  towns_NNS  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  from_IO  his_APP$  play_NN  ,_,  or_CC  through_IO  watching_VBG  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  grown-ups_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  string_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  shorter_JJ  by_IO  cutting_VBG  a_AT1  piece_NN  off_RP  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  stick_NN  made_VBN  shorter_NN  by_IO  breaking_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  likewise_RR  he_PPHO1  learns_VBZ  that_CS  sticks_NNS  and_CC  ropes_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  joined_VBN  to_IO  other_DA  sticks_NNS  and_CC  ropes_NNS  and_CC  so_RR  made_VBN  longer_JJ  .  
  later_RRR  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  say_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  school_NN  regarding_IO  conceptual_JJ  development_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  here_RL  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  these_DD2  pre-school_JB  and_CC  out-of-school_JB  experiences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  infant_NN  school_NN  activities_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  take_VV0  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1    free_JJ  choice_NN    period_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  comes_VBZ  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  longness_NN  or_CC  length_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  extent_NN  from_IO  beginning_NN  to_IO  end_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spatial_JJ  field_NN  .  
  during_IO  these_DD2  experiences_NNS  the_AT1  child_NN  moves_VBZ  from_IO  visual_JJ  ,_,  auditory_JJ  and_CC  kinaesthetic_JJ  perceptions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  actions_NNS  to_IO  concepts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  activities_NNS  involving_VBG  counting_NN  a_AT1  child_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  count_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  steps_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  take_VV0  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  classroom_NN  .  
  another_DD1  child_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  different_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  steps_NNS  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  the_AT1  lengths_NNS  of_IO  short_JJ  objects_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  measured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN    the_AT1  distance_NN  from_IO  heel_NN  to_IO  toe_NN    or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  span_NN  from_IO  little_JJ  finger_NN  to_IO  thumb_NN  when_CS the_AT1  hand_NN  is_VBZ  stretched_VBN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  similar_JJ  exercises_NNS  the_AT1  teacher_NN  can_VM  help_VV0  her_APP$  children_NNS  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  unit_NN  of_IO  length_NN  for_IO  measuring_NN  purposes_NNS  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  mankind_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  exactly_RR  this_DD1  problem_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  fixed_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  little_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  measurement_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  enjoyable_JJ  and_CC  stimulating_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  for_IO  older_JJ  junior_JJ  pupils_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  infant's_NN1$  school_NN  the_AT1  faster_JJ  learners_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  agreed_JJ  units_NNS  of_IO  measurement_NN  ,_,  \0viz_RR  the_AT1  foot_NN  .  
  lengths_NNS  of_IO  wood_NN  or_CC  hardboard_NN  ,_,  or_CC  plain_JJ  foot_NN  rulers_NNS  without_IO  end_NN  pieces_NNS  or_CC  sub-divisions_NNS    which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  purchased_VBN    are_VBR  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  instructed_VBN  to_TO  measure_VV0  various_JJ  lengths_NNS  and_CC  record_VV0  their_APP$  answers_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  notebook_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  stages_NNS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  lengths_NNS  of_IO  lines_NNS  drawn_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  blackboard_NN  or_CC  floor_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  pieces_NNS  of_IO  string_NN  ,_,  paper_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  cut_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  exact_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  feet_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  other_DA  objects_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  foot_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  if_CS  an_AT1  object_NN  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  3_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  recorded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  3_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  good_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  to_TO  let_VV0  children_NNS  estimate_VV0  lengths_NNS  before_CS  they_PPHS2  measure_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  estimation_NN  with_IO  increased_JJ  accuracy_NN  .  
  with_IO  experience_NN  and_CC  maturity_NN  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  naturally_RR  become_VV0  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  ruler_NN  that_PNQS permits_VBZ  measurement_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  foot_NN  only_RR  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  so_RG  many_DA  bits_NNS  and_CC  pieces_NNS  left_VBN  over_RP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  moment_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  the_AT1  inch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  foot_NN  stick_NN  or_CC  foot_NN  ruler_NN  with_IO  inch_NN  marks_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  have_VH0  work_NN  cards_NNS  available_JJ  on_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  are_VBR  lines_NNS  drawn_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  exact_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  inches_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  lengths_NNS  of_IO  string_NN  and_CC  paper_NN  similarly_RR  cut_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  to_TO  measure_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  step_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  measurement_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  inch_NN  ,_,  of_IO  objects_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  children_NNS  ought_VM  frequently_RR  to_TO  express_VV0  their_APP$  answer_NN  as_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  1_MC  foot_NN  3_MC  inches_NNS  and_CC  as_IO  15_MC  inches_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  two_MC  units_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  length_NN  .  
  soon_RR  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  ready_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  wall_NN  scale_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  measure_VV0  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  height_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  activity_NN  that_PNQS creates_VBZ  great_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  since_CS  personal_JJ  dimensions_NNS  and_CC  growth_NN  are_VBR  of_IO  great_JJ  consequence_NN  to_IO  most_DA  children_NNS  .  
  next_RR  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  and_CC  yard_NN  stick_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  unit_NN  when_CS measuring_VBG  longer_JJ  distances_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  helpful_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  rulers_NNS  divided_VBN  into_IO  3_MC  feet_NNS  with_IO  alternate_JJ  sections_NNS  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  red_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  second_MD  set_NN  divided_VBN  into_IO  36_MC  inches_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  alternate_JJ  inches_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  colours_NNS  .  
  after_IO  comparing_VBG  these_DD2  with_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  foot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  12-inch_JB  ruler_NN  previously_RR  used_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  teacher_NN  should_VM  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  yard_NN  ruler_NN  or_CC  stick_NN  is_VBZ  comparable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stride_NN  .  
  by_IO  means_II  of_II  graded_JJ  exercises_NNS  similar_JJ  in_IO  type_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  described_VBN  for_IO  feet_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  feet_NNS  and_CC  inches_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  child_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  can_VM  measure_VV0  a_AT1  length_NN  as_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  2_MC  yards_NNS  1_MC  foot_NN  9_MC  inches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  foot_NN  ruler_NN  with_IO  end_NN  pieces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  fractions_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  inch_NN  up_RP  to_IO  1/10_MC  or_CC  even_RR  1/16_MC  inch_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  when_CS pupils_NNS  are_VBR  ready_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  slow_JJ  learners_NNS  simplified_JJ  rulers_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  ,_,  activities_NNS  and_CC  experiences_NNS  that_PNQS presuppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  of_IO  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  are_VBR  possible_JJ  for_IO  children_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  dealt_VBN  with_IO  .  
  have_VH0  we_PPIS2  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  any_DD  clues_NNS  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  first_MD  beginnings_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  concepts_NNS  .  
  are_VBR  there_EX  any_DD  conditions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  before_CS  understanding_NN  of_IO  length_NN  can_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  school_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  Piaget_NP  has_VHZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  many_DA  interesting_JJ  experiments_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  now_RL  turn_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Geneva_NP  school_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  concepts_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  .  
  Piaget_NP  ,_,  Inhelder_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Szeminska_NP  (_(  1960_MC  )_)  have_VH0  outlined_VBN  the_AT1  views_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  comes_VBZ  to_TO  understand_VV0  length_NN  and_CC  measurement_NN  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  reported_VBN  early_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  book_NN  they_PPHS2  study_VV0  his_APP$  spontaneous_JJ  measurement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  experimenter_NN  showed_VVD  the_AT1  child_NN  a_AT1  tower_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  twelve_MC  blocks_NNS  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  over_RR  2_MC  feet_NNS  6_MC  inches_NNS  high_JJ    the_AT1  tower_NN  being_VBG  constructed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  .  
  the_AT1  experimenter_NN  told_VVD  the_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  another_DD1  tower_NN    the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  mine_APP$    on_IO  another_DD1  table_NN  about_RR  6_MC  feet_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  table_NN  top_NN  being_VBG  some_DD  3_MC  feet_NNS  lower_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  table_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  screen_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  copy_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  child_NN  was_VBDZ  encouraged_VBN  to_TO    go_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0    the_AT1  model_NN  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  given_VBN  strips_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  ,_,  sticks_NNS  ,_,  rulers_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  if_CS  his_APP$  spontaneous_JJ  efforts_NNS  ceased_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  told_VBN  how_CS to_TO  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  stages_NNS  were_VBDR  observed_VBN  :_:  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  up_RP  to_IO  about_RR  4_MC  1/2_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  visual_JJ  comparison_NN  only_RR  .  
  the_AT1  child_NN  judged_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  tower_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  height_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  by_IO  stepping_VBG  back_RP  and_CC  estimating_VBG  height_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  heights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  tops_NNS  ;_;  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  lasted_VVD  from_IO  4_MC  1/2_MC  -_IO  7_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  roughly_RR  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  the_AT1  child_NN  might_VM  lay_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  rod_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  tops_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  towers_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  level_JJ  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  realized_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  towers_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  height_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sometimes_RR  attempted_VVD  to_TO  place_VV0  his_APP$  tower_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  table_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  permitted_VBN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  children_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  measuring_NN  instrument_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  began_VVD  using_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  bodies_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  span_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  arms_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  placing_VBG  one_MC1  hand_NN  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  model_NN  tower_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  at_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  and_CC  moving_VBG  over_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  copy_NN  ,_,  meanwhile_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  hands_NNS  the_AT1  same_DA  distance_NN  apart_RP  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  discovered_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  procedure_NN  was_VBDZ  unreliable_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  would_VM  place_VV0  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  their_APP$  shoulder_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  (_(  a_AT1  chair_NN  or_CC  stool_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  )_)  and_CC  would_VM  mark_VV0  a_AT1  spot_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  leg_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  then_RL  move_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  tower_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  heights_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  the_AT1  authors_NNS  point_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  in_IO  their_APP$  view_NN  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  important_JJ  step_NN  forward_RR  ,_,  for_CS  coming_VBG  to_TO  regard_VV0  the_AT1  body_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  measure_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  its_APP$  origin_NN  in_IO  visual_JJ  perception_NN  when_CS the_AT1  child_NN  sees_VBZ  the_AT1  objects_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  motor_NN  acts_NNS  as_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  walks_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  copy_NN  .  
  these_DD2  perceptions_NNS  and_CC  motor_NN  acts_NNS  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  images_NNS  which_DDQ  in_IO  turn_NN  confer_VV0  a_AT1  symbolic_JJ  value_NN  first_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  own_DA  body_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  measuring_NN  instrument_NN  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  on_IO  a_AT1  neutral_JJ  object_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  a_AT1  ruler_NN  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  from_IO  7_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  onwards_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  tendency_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  some_DD  symbolic_JJ  object_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  a_AT1  rod_NN  )_)  to_TO  imitate_VV0  size_NN  .  
  very_RG  occasionally_RR  a_AT1  child_NN  built_VVD  a_AT1  third_MD  tower_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  carried_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  :_:  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  permitted_VBN  .  
  more_RG  frequently_RR  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  a_AT1  rod_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  length_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  model_NN  tower_NN  was_VBDZ  high_JJ  .  
  next_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  child_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  an_AT1  intermediate_JJ  term_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  operational_JJ  way_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  )_)  ,_,  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  logical_JJ  principle_NN  that_CS  if_CS  a=b_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  b=c_&FO  ,_,  a=c_&FO  .  
  children_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  longer_JJ  rod_NN  than_CS  necessary_JJ  and_CC  mark_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  tower_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  finger_NN  or_CC  by_IO  other_DA  means_NNS  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  maintain_VV0  a_AT1  constant_JJ  length_NN  when_CS transposing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  copy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  this_DD1  transference_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  measurement_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  other_DA  aspect_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  is_VBZ  sub-division_NN  ;_;  for_CS  only_RR  when_CS this_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  grasped_VBN  can_VM  a_AT1  particular_JJ  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  measuring_NN  rod_NN  be_VB0  given_VBN  a_AT1  definite_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  and_CC  repeated_VBN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  (_(  iteration_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  stage_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  children_NNS  could_VM  also_RR  use_VV0  a_AT1  rod_NN  shorter_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  ;_;  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  tower_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  by_IO  applying_VBG  a_AT1  shorter_JJ  rod_NN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  times_NNS  up_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  authors_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  measurement_NN  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  logical_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  the_AT1  child_NN  must_VM  first_RR  grasp_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_NN  is_VBZ  composed_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  parts_NNS  added_VBN  together_RR  .  
  second_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  understand_VV0  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  substitution_NN  and_CC  iteration_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  transport_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  applied_JJ  measure_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  length_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  repeated_JJ  application_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  other_DA  .  
  (_(  7_MC  )_)  .  
  equilibrium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hydraulic_JJ  press_NN  .  
  an_AT1  all-glass_JB  50_MC  \0c.c_NNU  hypodermic_JJ  syringe_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  piston_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  loaded_VBN  with_IO  different_JJ  weights_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  connected_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  narrow_JJ  glass_NN  tubing_NN  .  
  alongside_II  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exact_JJ  duplicate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  so_CS  the_AT1  subject_NN  could_VM  work_VV0  with_IO  two_MC  liquids_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  densities_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  one_MC1  liquid_NN  was_VBDZ  tap_NN  water_NN  tinged_VBN  very_RG  slightly_RR  red_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  was_VBDZ  concentrated_JJ  salt_JJ  solution_NN  tinged_VBN  very_RG  slightly_RR  blue_JJ  .  
  (_(  8_MC  )_)  .  
  equilibrium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  balance_NN  arm_NN  (_(  and_CC  the_AT1  associated_JJ  supporting_JJ  framework_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  from_IO  Meccano_NP  strips_NNS  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  means_NN  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  weights_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  fulcrum_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  quickly_RR  obtained_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  weights_NNS  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  weight_NN  plus_IO  attached_JJ  hook_NN  weighed_VVD  2_MC  ,_,  5_MC  ,_,  10_MC  or_CC  20_MC  \0g_NNU  .  
  (_(  9_MC  )_)  .  
  projection_NN  of_IO  shadows_NNS  .  
  (_(  10_MC  )_)  .  
  correlations_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  of_IO  forty_MC  postcards_NNS  had_VHD  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  drawn_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  ,_,  hair_NN  style_NN  and_CC  colouring_NN  differed_VVD  for_IO  each_DD1  girl_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  hair_NN  and_CC  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  coloured_VBN  as_CS  indicated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  give_VV0  no_AT1  stages_NNS  earlier_JJ  than_IO  3A_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  writer_NN  laid_VVD  down_RP  criteria_NNS  for_IO  1_MC  ,_,  2A_MC  and_CC  2B_MC  stages_NNS  .  
  subjects_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  population_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  34_MC  average_JJ  and_CC  bright_JJ  primary_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ;_;  14_MC  average_JJ  and_CC  bright_JJ  preparatory_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  (_(  aged_JJ  8-11_MC-MC  years_NNS  )_)  ;_;  39_MC  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ;_;  50_MC  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ;_;  50_MC  comprehensive_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ;_;  10_MC  training_NN  college_NN  students_NNS  ;_;  3_MC  able_JJ  adults_NNS  whose_PNQV$  ages_NNS  ranged_VVD  from_IO  25_MC  to_IO  32_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ;_;  thus_RR  making_VBG  200_MC  subjects_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  comprehensive_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  schools_NNS  approximately_RR  equal_JJ  numbers_NNS  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  and_CC  bottom_JB  streams_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  general_JJ  technique_NN  .  
  each_DD1  subject_NN  was_VBDZ  examined_VBN  ,_,  individually_RR  ,_,  on_IO  four_MC  experiments_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  everyone_PN1  taking_VBG  the_AT1  experiment_NN  involving_VBG  the_AT1  combinations_NNS  of_IO  colourless_JJ  chemical_JJ  liquids_NNS  (_(  \0no_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  subject_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  materials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  some_DD  general_JJ  discussions_NNS  and_CC  sometimes_RR  free_JJ  experimentation_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  perform_VV0  certain_JJ  standard_JJ  tasks_NNS  and_CC  asked_VBN  certain_JJ  standard_JJ  questions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  subject's_NN1$  actions_NNS  were_VBDR  noted_VBN  and_CC  his_APP$  replies_NNS  recorded_VBN  verbatim_RR  .  
  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  exact_JJ  procedure_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  experiment_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  writer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  stressed_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  experimenter_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  free_JJ  to_TO  vary_VV0  the_AT1  procedure_NN  by_IO  asking_VBG  supplementary_JJ  questions_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  prompting_NN  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  experimenting_VBG  slightly_RR  differently_RR  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  helpful_JJ  .  
  in_IO  brief_JJ  our_APP$  procedure_NN  was_VBDZ  semi-structured_JJ  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  that_PNQS one_MC1  can_VM  do_VD0  if_CS  the_AT1  clinical_JJ  approach_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  combined_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  standardization_NN  of_IO  procedure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN    to_TO  think_VV0  aloud_RR    as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  usually_RR  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  give_VV0  details_NNS  of_IO  three_MC  stages_NNS  of_IO  thinking_NN  ;_;  stages_NNS  2_MC  and_CC  3_MC  usually_RR  being_VBG  subdivided_VBN  further_RRR  into_IO    A_ZZ1    and_CC    B_ZZ1    stages_NNS  .  
  after_IO  examining_VBG  our_APP$  protocols_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  better_JJ  to_TO  subdivide_VV0  the_AT1  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  stages_NNS  still_RR  further_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  usually_RR  used_VVD  nine_MC  stages_NNS  ,_,  \0viz_RR  :_:  1_MC  ;_;  1-2A_MC-MC  ;_;  2A_MC  ;_;  2A-2B_MC-MC  ;_;  2B_MC  ;_;  2B-3A_MC-MC  ;_;  3A_MC  ;_;  3A-3B_MC-MC  ;_;  3B_MC  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  able_JJ  to_TO  classify_VV0  our_APP$  protocols_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  authors_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  protocol_NN  was_VBDZ  studied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  writer_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  experimenter_NN  independently_RR  ,_,  and_CC  given_VBN  a_AT1  rating_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  stages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  were_VBDR  compared_VBN  and_CC  after_IO  discussion_NN  a_AT1  final_JJ  rating_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  protocol_NN  .  
  the_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  protocols_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  easy_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  more_RG  difficult_JJ  ones_CD1S  were_VBDR  always_RR  rated_VBN  correctly_RR  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  ratings_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  stage_NN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  nine-stage_JB  scale_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  usually_RR  used_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  involving_VBG  invisible_JJ  magnetization_NN  the_AT1  authors_NNS  give_VV0  a_AT1  stage_NN  3_MC  only_RR  ,_,  not_XX  stages_NNS  3A_MC  and_CC  3B_MC  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  kept_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  3_MC  .  results_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  tables_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  given_VBN  showing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  different_JJ  groups_NNS  performed_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  experiments_NNS  .  
  all_DB  our_APP$  results_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  extent_NN  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  subjects_NNS  remained_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  throughout_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  that_PNQS each_DD1  one_MC1  undertook_VVD  .  
  to_TO  determine_VV0  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  used_VVD  Kendall's_PPIO2  coefficient_NN  of_IO  concordance_NN  W_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  specifies_VBZ  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  association_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sets_NNS  of_IO  rankings_NNS  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  subject_NN  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  ,_,  separately_RR  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  .  
  w_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  calculated_VBN  from_IO  formula_NN  9.16_MC  given_VBN  by_IO  Siegel_NP  (_(  1956_MC  )_)  ,_,  \0p_NN  234_MC  ;_;  this_DD1  allows_VBZ  for_IO  tied_JJ  observations_NNS  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  concerned_VBN  is_VBZ  N_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  N_ZZ1  >_&FO  7_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  any_DD  value_NN  as_RG  large_JJ  as_IO  an_AT1  observed_JJ  W_ZZ1  ,_,  by_IO  calculating_VBG  xe*:2**:_&FO  =_&FO  k(N-1)W_&FO  ,_,  with_IO  \0d.f_NN  =_&FO  N-1_&FO  ,_,  where_CS k_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sets_NNS  of_IO  rankings_NNS  (_(  Siegel_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  236_MC  ,_,  formula_NN  9.18_MC  )_)  .  
  accordingly_RR  xe*:2**:_&FO  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  W_ZZ1  and_CC  the_AT1  probability_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  so_RG  large_JJ  a_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  xe*:2**:_&FO  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  by_IO  referring_VBG  to_IO  Siegel_NP  (_(  1956_MC  )_)  ,_,  table_NN  C_ZZ1  ,_,  \0p_NN  249_MC  .  
  table_NN  11_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  W_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  an_AT1  associated_JJ  xe*:2**:_&FO  as_RG  large_JJ  ,_,  P*;xe*:2**:**;_&FO  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  differing_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  experiments_NNS  and_CC  subjects_NNS  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  association_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  displayed_VBN  by_IO  our_APP$  subjects_NNS  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  (_(  coupled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  protocols_NNS  were_VBDR  assigned_VBN  to_IO  stages_NNS  by_IO  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  )_)  were_VBDR  in_IO  fact_NN  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  population_NN  of_IO  experiments_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  a_AT1  particular_JJ  experiment_NN  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  easier_JJ  or_CC  more_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  one_MC1  reason_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  .  
  accordingly_RR  the_AT1  Kruskal-Wallis_NP  one-way_JB  analysis_NN  of_IO  variance_NN  by_IO  ranks_NNS  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  this_DD1  test_NN  will_VM  decide_VV0  if_CS  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  samples_NNS  are_VBR  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  population_NN  .  
  the_AT1  test_NN  assumes_VBZ  only_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  variables_NNS  studied_VBN  have_VH0  an_AT1  underlying_JJ  continuous_JJ  distribution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  ordinal_JJ  measurement_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  each_DD1  variable_NN  .  
  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  are_VBR  fulfilled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  data_NNS  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  subjects_NNS  at_IO  each_DD1  stage_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  tests_NNS  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rank_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  subject_NN  found_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  single_JJ  series_NN  that_PNQS resulted_VVD  .  
  thus_RR  H_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  statistic_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Kruskal-Wallis_NP  test_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  from_IO  formula_NN  8.3_MC  given_VBN  by_IO  Siegel_NP  (_(  1956_MC  )_)  ,_,  page_NN  192_MC  ,_,  as_CS  this_DD1  allows_VBZ  for_IO  tied_JJ  observations_NNS  .  
  since_CS  in_IO  our_APP$  case_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  four_MC  samples_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  subjects_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  sample_NN  is_VBZ  greater_JJ  than_IO  five_MC  ,_,  H_ZZ1  is_VBZ  distributed_VBN  approximately_RR  as_IO  xe*:2**:_&FO  with_IO  \0d.f_NN  =_&FO  k-1_&FO  ,_,  where_CS k_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  samples_NNS  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  xe*:2**:_&FO  as_RG  large_JJ  as_IO  H_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  by_IO  referring_VBG  to_IO  Siegel_NP  ,_,  table_NN  C_ZZ1  ,_,  page_NN  249_MC  .  
  hence_RR  table_NN  11_MC  shows_NNS  also_RR  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  xe*:2**:_&FO  as_RG  large_JJ  as_IO  H_ZZ1  ,_,  p*;h**;_&FO  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  differing_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  experiments_NNS  and_CC  subjects_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  ten_MC  training_NN  college_NN  students_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  analysed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  manner_NN  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  smallness_NN  and_CC  homogeneity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  undertook_VVD  were_VBDR  :_:  chemical_JJ  combinations_NNS  ,_,  pendulum_NN  ,_,  invisible_JJ  magnetization_NN  ,_,  and_CC  equilibrium_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  .  
  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  p*;h**;_&FO  in_IO  table_NN  11_MC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,  second_MD  and_CC  fifth_MD  groups_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  random_JJ  samples_NNS  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  population_NN  of_IO  experiments_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  fourth_MD  groups_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  p*;h**;_&FO  <_&FO  0.01_MC  indicating_VBG  that_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  experiments_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  group_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  so_RR  regarded_VBN  .  
  experience_NN  gained_VBN  in_IO  examining_VBG  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  indicated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  projection_NN  of_IO  shadows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  correlations_NNS  experiments_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  fourth_MD  groups_NNS  ,_,  respectively_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  responsible_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  .  
  consequently_RR  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  three_MC  experiments_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  groups_NNS  were_VBDR  subjected_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Kruskal-Wallis_NP  test_NN  ;_;  and_CC  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  of_IO  three_MC  experiments_NNS  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  H_ZZ1  so_RR  obtained_VBN  was_VBDZ  such_DA  that_CS  p*;h**;_&FO  >_&FO  0.05_MC  .  
  4_MC  .  
  discussion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  discussion_NN  deals_VBZ  principally_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  be_VB0  succinct_JJ  the_AT1  findings_NNS  are_VBR  grouped_VBN  under_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  points_NNS  .  
  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  stages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  logical_JJ  thinking_NN  proposed_VBN  by_IO  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  confirmed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  authors_NNS  are_VBR  correct_JJ  in_IO  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  rarely_RR  that_CS  average_JJ  to_IO  bright_JJ  junior_JJ  school_NN  children_NNS  reach_VV0  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  formal_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ablest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  and_CC  comprehensive_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  certainly_RR  attain_VV0  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  formal_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  all_DB  the_AT1  older_JJ  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupils_NNS  always_RR  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  suggestion_NN  that_CS  ill-digested_JJ  snippets_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  mental_JJ  set_NN  ,_,  and_CC  expectancy_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  affecting_VBG  thinking_NN  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  students_NNS  than_CS  among_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  pupils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  student_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  poorest_JJT  performance_NN  was_VBDZ  aged_JJ  19_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  her_APP$  replies_NNS  were_VBDR  classified_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  2A_MC  ,_,  2B_MC  ,_,  2B_MC  and_CC  2B-3A_MC-MC  stages_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  obtained_VBN  a_AT1  pass_NN  in_IO  art_NN  at_IO  \0G.C.E_NP    A_ZZ1    level_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  least_RG  able_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  modern_JJ  and_CC  comprehensive_JJ  school_NN  pupils_NNS  certainly_RR  remain_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  logical_JJ  thought_NN  even_RR  at_IO  15_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  pass_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  2A-2B_MC-MC  stage_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  finding_NN  the_AT1  authors_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  mention_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  leads_VBZ  one_MC1  to_TO  suspect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  school_NN  population_NN  in_IO  Geneva_NP  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  examined_VVD  consisted_VVD  of_IO  able_JJ  children_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  by_IO  getting_VBG  each_DD1  subject_NN  to_TO  undergo_VV0  four_MC  experiments_NNS  and_CC  analysing_VBG  the_AT1  results_NNS  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  non-parametric_JJ  statistical_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  agreement_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  levels_NNS  of_IO  thinking_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  display_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  experiments_NNS  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coefficient_NN  of_IO  concordance_NN  W_ZZ1  declines_VBZ  as_CS  the_AT1  population_NN  becomes_VBZ  more_RG  homogeneous_JJ  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  mental_JJ  age_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  exact_JJ  correspondence_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  and_CC    intelligence_NN    tests_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  measure_VV0  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  thinking_NN  skills_NNS  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  preparatory_JJ  and_CC  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupils_NNS  ,_,  W_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.89_MC  ,_,  and_CC  among_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  and_CC  grammar_NN  school_NN  pupils_NNS  W_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.81_MC  (_(  table_NN  11_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  groups_NNS  the_AT1  mental_JJ  ages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pupils_NNS  ranged_VVD  from_IO  8_MC  years_NNS  to_IO  well_RR  above_IO  15_MC  years_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  \0M.A_NN  usually_RR  accepted_VBN  for_IO  average_JJ  adults_NNS  )_)  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  group_NN  alone_RR  ,_,  for_IO  which_DDQ  W_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.52_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  mental_JJ  ages_NNS  would_VM  range_VV0  from_IO  8_MC  to_IO  13_MC  or_CC  15_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  authors_NNS  give_VV0  no_AT1  evidence_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  issue_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  would_VM  certainly_RR  expect_VV0  some_DD  such_DA  stability_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  skills_NNS  if_CS  their_APP$  general_JJ  theory_NN  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  .  
  again_RR  the_AT1  Kruskal-Wallis_NP  test_NN  gave_VVD  reasonable_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  assuming_VBG  that_CS  eight_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  ten_MC  experiments_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  samples_NNS  drawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  population_NN  of_IO  experiments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  correlations_NNS  experiment_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  easy_JJ  for_IO  secondary_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  for_IO  primary_JJ  pupils_NNS  ,_,  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  eight_MC  experiments_NNS  ;_;  while_CS  the_AT1  projection_NN  of_IO  shadows_NNS  test_NN  placed_VVD  too_RG  many_DA  subjects_NNS  at_IO  stage_NN  2B_MC  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  protocols_NNS  show_VV0  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  reasoning_NN  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Inhelder_NP  and_CC  Piaget_NP  ,_,  and_CC  support_VV0  many_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  statements_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  authors_NNS  maintain_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  formal_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  child_NN  comes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  projection_NN  of_IO  shadows_NNS  experiment_NN  assuming_VBG  proportionality_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .  
  below_II  is_VBZ  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  protocol_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  aged_JJ  13_MC  years_NNS  3_MC  months_NNS  .  
    what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  move_VV0  the_AT1  ring_NN  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  .    
    nearer_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  smaller_JJ  ,_,  further_RRR  away_RP  bigger_JJ  .    
    use_VV0  two_MC  rings_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  and_CC  move_VV0  them_PPHO1  until_CS  their_APP$  shadows_NNS  are_VBR  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  size_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  cover_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  exactly_RR  .    
  places_VBZ  the_AT1  5_MC  \0cm_NNU  diameter_NN  ring_NN  at_IO  20_MC  \0cm_NNU  from_IO  light_NN  ,_,  and_CC  10_MC  \0cm_NNU  diameter_NN  ring_NN  at_IO  40_MC  \0cm_NNU  .  
    why_CS do_VD0  the_AT1  rings_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  positions_NNS  .    
    well_UH  10_MC  is_VBZ  twice_RR  5_MC  ,_,  and_CC  40_MC  is_VBZ  twice_RR  20_MC  .    
  after_IO  placing_VBG  three_MC  rings_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  diameter_NN  correctly_RR  in_IO  position_NN  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  place_VV0  four_MC  rings_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  diameters_NNS  in_IO  position_NN  so_CS  that_CS  their_APP$  shadows_NNS  coincide_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  places_VBZ  5_MC  \0cm_NNU  ring_NN  at_IO  10_MC  \0cm_NNU  from_IO  light_NN  ,_,  10_MC  \0cm_NNU  ring_NN  at_IO  20_MC  \0cm_NNU  ,_,  15_MC  \0cm_NNU  ring_NN  at_IO  30_MC  \0cm_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  20_MC  \0cm_NNU  ring_NN  at_IO  40_MC  \0cm_NNU  from_IO  light_NN  .  
    tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  done_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rings_NNS  .    
    well_UH  5_MC  is_VBZ  10_MC  \0cm_NNU  from_IO  torch_NN  ,_,  10_MC  is_VBZ  twice_RR  as_RG  big_JJ  so_CS  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  at_IO  20_MC  \0cm_NNU  ,_,  15_MC  is_VBZ  half_RR  as_RG  big_JJ  again_RR  so_CS  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  at_IO  30_MC  ,_,  and_CC  20_MC  is_VBZ  twice_RR  10_MC  so_CS  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  here_RL  at_IO  40_MC  .    
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  Story_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  break_VV0  down_RP  her_APP$  data_NNS  for_IO  monocular_JJ  viewing_NN  according_IO  to_II  whether_CS  T-_JB  and_CC  I-figures_NNS  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  or_CC  opposite_JJ  sides_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  eye_NN  used_VVD  so_CS  that_CS  this_DD1  prediction_NN  would_VM  only_RR  apply_VV0  to_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  trials_NNS  she_PPHO1  reports_VBZ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  trend_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  results_NNS  for_IO  monocular_JJ  viewing_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  effects_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  spatial_JJ  positions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  eyes_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  more_RG  striking_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  shape_NN  and_CC  eye_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_CS  in_IO  Story's_PPIO2  experiment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  I-figure_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  eye_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  T_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  :_:  although_CS  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  have_VH0  often_RR  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  experiments_NNS  on_IO  \0FAE_NN  no_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  reported_VBN  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  might_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  worth_IO  looking_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  future_JB  experiments_NNS  .  )_)  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  although_CS  Story_NP  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  different_JJ  visual_JJ  angles_NNS  subtended_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  retinae_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  obtained_VBN  under_IO  binocular_JJ  viewing_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  show_VV0  in_IO  detail_NN  how_CS these_DD2  effects_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  predicted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  geometry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  effects_NNS  found_VBN  could_VM  in_IO  fact_NN  be_VB0  produced_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  one_MC1  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  experiments_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  figures_NNS  are_VBR  placed_VBN  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  alternating_JJ  monocular_JJ  viewing_NN  are_VBR  employed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS the_AT1  A-effect_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  only_RR  when_CS both_DB2  eyes_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  binocular_JJ  vision_NN  itself_PPX1  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  cue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  and_CC  thus_RR  to_IO  their_APP$  relative_JJ  apparent_JJ  sizes_NNS  (_(  \0v_VV0  below_II  )_)  :_:  thus_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  effect_NN  only_RR  occurs_VBZ  with_IO  binocular_JJ  viewing_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  conflict_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  under_IO  some_DD  conditions_NNS  the_AT1  \0FAE_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  by_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  can_VM  be_VB0  interpreted_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  hypothesis_NN  .  
  size_NN  of_IO  circles_NNS  .  
  if_CS  smaller_JJ  circles_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  used_VBN  by_IO  Sutherland_NP  are_VBR  employed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  A-effect_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  occur_VV0  (_(  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  ,_,  1961_MC  ;_;  Terwilliger_NP  ,_,  1961_MC  ;_;  McEwen_NP  1959_MC  ;_;  Oyama_NP  ,_,  1956_MC  )_)  :_:  the_AT1  usual_JJ  result_NN  under_IO  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  T-circle_NN  looks_VBZ  smaller_JJ  than_IO  C_ZZ1  whether_CS  I_ZZ1  is_VBZ  nearer_RRR  or_CC  further_RRR  away_RP  .  
  (_(  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  Terwilliger_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  obtain_VV0  this_DD1  result_NN  :_:  when_CS the_AT1  retinal_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  T_ZZ1  and_CC  I_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  no_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  T_ZZ1  .  )_)  
  this_DD1  effect_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  found_VBN  when_CS T_ZZ1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  shapes_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  distance_NN  away_RP  as_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  (_(  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  (_(  1961_MC  )_)  ,_,  \0cf_VV0  also_RR  Ko"hler_NP  and_CC  Wallach_NP  (_(  1944_MC  )_)  )_)  .  
  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  make_VV0  the_AT1  interesting_JJ  suggestion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  shrinkage_NN  may_VM  resemble_VV0  a_AT1  time_NN  error_NN  effect_NN  though_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  how_CS this_DD1  might_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  from_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  known_VBN  about_IO  time_NN  errors_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  might_VM  expect_VV0  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  effect_NN  with_IO  small_JJ  circles_NNS  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  stimuli_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  judged_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  usually_RR  a_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  where_CS (_(  after_IO  practice_NN  )_)  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  constant_JJ  error_NN  :_:  above_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  time_NN  errors_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  negative_JJ  ,_,  below_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  positive_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  call_VV0  this_DD1  point_NN  the_AT1    adaptation_NN  point_NN  .    
  subjects_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  adaptation_NN  point_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  experiment_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  usually_RR  be_VB0  shifted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experiment_NN  :_:  now_RL  when_CS a_AT1  small_JJ  circle_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  as_IO  I-figure_NN  this_DD1  should_VM  shift_VV0  the_AT1  adaptation_NN  point_NN  downwards_RR  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  shifts_VBZ  it_PPH1  downwards_RR  further_RRR  for_IO  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visual_JJ  field_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  I-figure_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  than_CS  for_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  expect_VV0  the_AT1  T-figure_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  judged_VBN  larger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  C-figure_NN  :_:  the_AT1  T-figure_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  far_RR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  adaptation_NN  point_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visual_JJ  field_NN  than_CS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  C-figure_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  adaptation_NN  point_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  visual_JJ  field_NN  .  
  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  obtained_VVD  exactly_RR  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  result_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  difficulty_NN  in_IO  applying_VBG  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  explanation_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  correspondence_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0FAE_NN  with_IO  different_JJ  sized_JJ  circles_NNS  (_(  found_VBN  by_IO  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  direction_NN  of_IO  \0TE_NN  (_(  found_VBN  by_IO  Watson_NP  ,_,  1957_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  very_RG  suggestive_JJ  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan's_PPIO2  work_NN  does_VBZ  make_VV0  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  interpret_VV0  the_AT1  A-effect_NN  as_CS  due_JJ  to_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  finding_NN  that_CS  when_CS large_JJ  circles_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  and_CC  both_DB2  are_VBR  far_RR  away_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  T-circle_NN  appears_VBZ  larger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  C_ZZ1  .  
  outline_NN  and_CC  filled-in_JB  circles_NNS  .  
  Day_NP  and_CC  Logan_NP  show_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  A-effect_NN  occurs_VBZ  with_IO  outline_NN  circles_NNS  but_CCB  not_XX  with_IO  filled-in_JB  circles_NNS  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  explanation_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  offered_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  further_JB  discussion_NN  .  
  one_MC1  very_RG  ingenious_JJ  recent_JJ  experiment_NN  has_VHZ  demonstrated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  convincing_JJ  way_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  \0FAE_NN  determined_VBN  wholly_RR  by_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  does_VBZ  occur_VV0  under_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  :_:  Gregory_NP  (_(  personal_JJ  communication_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  figure_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  to_TO  shrink_VV0  continuously_RR  while_CS  the_AT1  retinal_JJ  size_NN  remains_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  shrinkage_NN  in_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  is_VBZ  stopped_VBN  suddenly_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  dramatic_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  .  
  this_DD1  phenomenon_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  striking_JJ  and_CC  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  observers_NNS  .  
  since_CS  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  \0FAE_NN  determined_VBN  by_IO  continuous_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  can_VM  occur_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  question_NN  arises_VBZ  of_IO  why_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  so_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  the_AT1  effect_NN  with_IO  static_JJ  figures_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  possible_JJ  answers_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  just_RR  as_CS  with_IO  \0FAE_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  retinal_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  through_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  only_RR  occurs_VBZ  if_CS  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  sizes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  T-_JB  and_CC  I-figures_NNS  is_VBZ  optimal_JJ  (_(  \0cf_VV0  the_AT1  distance_NN  paradox_NN  )_)  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  only_RR  expect_VV0  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  \0FAE_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  under_IO  limited_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  suggestion_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  tested_VBN  experimentally_RR  by_IO  keeping_VBG  one_MC1  circle_NN  a_AT1  constant_JJ  size_NN  and_CC  distance_NN  and_CC  varying_VBG  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  keeping_VBG  retinal_JJ  size_NN  equal_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  would_VM  expect_VV0  an_AT1  effect_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  to_TO  occur_VV0  only_RR  within_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  size_NN  and_CC  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  figure_NN  .  
  in_IO  Gregory's_PPIO2  experiment_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inspection_NN  figure_NN  changes_VBZ  continuously_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  changes_NNS  are_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  straddle_VV0  the_AT1  point_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  optimal_JJ  for_IO  producing_VBG  the_AT1  effect_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  performed_VBN  with_IO  static_JJ  figures_NNS  are_VBR  such_DA  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  judge_VV0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  retinal_JJ  size_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  that_CS  when_CS two_MC  shapes_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  real_JJ  size_NN  are_VBR  aligned_VBN  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  ,_,  subjects_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  judgements_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  retinal_JJ  size_NN  (_(  Joynson_NP  and_CC  Kirk_NP  ,_,  1960_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  to_TO  test_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  A-effect_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  for_IO  T-_JB  and_CC  C-figures_NNS  two_MC  shapes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  physical_JJ  size_NN  but_CCB  different_JJ  retinal_JJ  sizes_NNS  at_IO  different_JJ  distances_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  and_CC  not_XX  aligned_VBN  opposite_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  T-circle_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  retinal_JJ  size_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  I_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  C-circle_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  different_JJ  retinal_JJ  size_NN  :_:  subjects_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  asked_VBN  to_TO  compare_VV0  the_AT1  real_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  T-_JB  and_CC  C-figures_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  experimental_JJ  conditions_NNS  should_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  favour_VV0  judgements_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  apparent_JJ  physical_JJ  size_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  apparent_JJ  retinal_JJ  size_NN  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  apparent_JJ  size_NN  only_RR  influences_VBZ  \0FAE_NN  when_CS the_AT1  apparent_JJ  size_NN  has_VHZ  changed_VBN  continuously_RR  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  where_CS there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  apparent_JJ  movement_NN  effect_NN  :_:  if_CS  established_VBN  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  important_JJ  finding_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  reveal_VV0  a_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mechanisms_NNS  underlying_VBG  apparent_JJ  movement_NN  and_CC  judgements_NNS  of_IO  apparent_JJ  size_NN  (_(  \0v_VV0  below_II  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  established_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  thorough_JJ  investigation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  static_JJ  A-effect_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  (_(  1_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  above_II  .  
  theoretical_JJ  considerations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Hubel_NP  and_CC  Wiesel_NP  (_(  1959_MC  )_)  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  theoretical_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  \0FAE_NN  problems_NNS  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  see_VV0  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  described_VBN  above_II  in_IO  perspective_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  worth_IO  setting_VBG  out_RP  briefly_RR  what_DDQ  this_DD1  approach_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  suggested_VBN  itself_PPX1  independently_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Papert_NP  is_VBZ  currently_RR  engaged_VBN  on_IO  testing_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  its_APP$  implications_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  stressed_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  approach_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  since_CS  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  theory_NN  espoused_VBN  by_IO  Ko"hler_NP  and_CC  Wallach_NP  (_(  1944_MC  )_)  and_CC  by_IO  Osgood_NP  and_CC  Heyer_NP  (_(  1952_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  \0FAE_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  assume_VV0  that_DD1  inspection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  contour_NN  results_VBZ  in_IO  any_DD  contour_NN  subsequently_RR  falling_VBG  near_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  contour_NN  being_VBG  seen_VBN  as_CS  displaced_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  the_AT1  amount_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  displaced_VBN  is_VBZ  said_VBN  to_TO  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  separating_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  contours_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  point_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  displacement_NN  is_VBZ  maximal_JJ  .  
  three_MC  instances_NNS  of_IO  well_RR  attested_JJ  phenomena_NNS  which_DDQ  this_DD1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  will_VM  be_VB0  quoted_VBN  .  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  figure_NN  1_MC  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  I-line_NN  is_VBZ  fixated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  T-line_NN  should_VM  appear_VV0  as_CS  shown_VBN  (_(  P_ZZ1  )_)  :_:  displacement_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  where_CS I_PPIS1  and_CC  T_ZZ1  lie_VV0  near_II  together_RR  gradually_RR  increasing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  maximum_NN  and_CC  then_RL  decreasing_VBG  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  T_ZZ1  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  occupying_VBG  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  line_NN  A_ZZ1  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  similarly_RR  when_CS a_AT1  curved_JJ  line_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  straight_JJ  line_NN  used_VBN  as_IO  I-figure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  straight_JJ  line_NN  should_VM  appear_VV0  like_IO  line_NN  P_ZZ1  in_IO  figure_VV0  1_MC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  but_CCB  in_IO  fact_NN  appears_VBZ  like_IO  line_NN  A_ZZ1  .  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  theories_NNS  are_VBR  unable_JJ  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  after_JB  effect_NN  of_IO  seen_JJ  motion_NN  .  
  both_DB2  theories_NNS  under_IO  discussion_NN  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  \0FAE_NN  occurs_VBZ  before_CS  any_DD  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stimuli_NNS  is_VBZ  undertaken_VBN  .  
  Hubel_NP  and_CC  Wiesel_NP  have_VH0  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  recording_VBG  from_IO  single_JJ  cells_NNS  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  cat_NN  considerable_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  occurs_VBZ  at_IO  or_CC  before_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  striate_JJ  cortex_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  they_PPHS2  present_VV0  evidence_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  striate_JJ  cortex_NN  there_EX  are_VBR  cells_NNS  whose_PNQV$  response_NN  is_VBZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  orientation_NN  of_IO  lines_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  ;_;  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  orientation_NN  of_IO  lines_NNS  is_VBZ  coded_VBN  in_IO  separate_JJ  fibres_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cat_NN  visual_JJ  system_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  assume_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  cells_NNS  with_IO  similar_JJ  receptive_JJ  fields_NNS  in_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  simple_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  1_MC  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  :_:  inspection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  orientation_NN  will_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  heavy_JJ  firing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cells_NNS  maximally_RR  responsive_JJ  to_IO  lines_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  orientation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  some_DD  firing_NN  of_IO  cells_NNS  maximally_RR  responsive_JJ  to_IO  lines_NNS  in_IO  neighbouring_JJ  orientations_NNS  .  
  if_CS  any_DD  adaptation_NN  occurs_VBZ  in_IO  these_DD2  cells_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  prolonged_JJ  firing_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  T-contour_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  slightly_RR  different_JJ  orientation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  I_ZZ1  line_NN  is_VBZ  exposed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cells_NNS  fired_VBN  maximally_RR  by_IO  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  ones_CD1S  which_DDQ  are_VBR  normally_RR  maximally_RR  responsive_JJ  to_IO  contours_NNS  in_IO  orientations_NNS  lying_VBG  further_RRR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  orientation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  I-figure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  orientation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  contour_NN  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  will_VM  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  firing_NN  in_IO  cells_NNS  representing_VBG  contour_NN  orientation_NN  :_:  the_AT1  firing_NN  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  cell_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  partly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  contrast_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  contour_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  background_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  such_DA  effects_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  balanced_VBN  out_RP  if_CS  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  firing_NN  in_IO  all_DB  cells_NNS  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  orientation_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  region_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  were_VBDR  computed_VBN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  cells_NNS  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  curvature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  a_AT1  similar_JJ  mechanism_NN  would_VM  explain_VV0  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  finding_NN  depicted_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  1_MC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  as_RR  yet_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  physiological_JJ  demonstration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  cells_NNS  .  
  Hubel_NP  and_CC  Wiesel_NP  have_VH0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  found_VBN  cells_NNS  which_DDQ  respond_VV0  differentially_RR  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  direction_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  stimulus_NN  is_VBZ  moved_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  retina_NN  .  
  if_CS  direction_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  is_VBZ  coded_VBN  in_IO  single_JJ  cells_NNS  in_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  adaptation_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  cells_NNS  might_VM  clearly_RR  underly_VV0  the_AT1  after-effect_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  direction_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  something_PN1  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  to_TO  move_VV0  might_VM  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  firing_NN  in_IO  cells_NNS  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  movement_NN  in_IO  different_JJ  directions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  prolonged_JJ  movement_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  direction_NN  a_AT1  stationary_JJ  image_NN  would_VM  produce_VV0  less_DA  firing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cells_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  just_RR  been_VBN  stimulated_VBN  than_CS  normally_RR  ,_,  hence_RR  apparent_JJ  movement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  to_TO  occur_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  explanation_NN  of_IO  \0FAE_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  sound_JJ  physiological_JJ  evidence_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  so_RG  simple_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  highly_RR  convincing_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  explain_VV0  mere_JB  displacements_NNS  in_IO  apparent_JJ  spatial_JJ  position_NN  occurring_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  \0FAE_NN  :_:  for_IO  this_DD1  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Osgood_NP  and_CC  Heyer_NP  type_NN  of_IO  explanation_NN  appears_VBZ  reasonably_RR  plausible_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  explanation_NN  in_IO  fact_NN  fits_VBZ  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  explanation_NN  outlined_VBN  above_II  since_CS  Osgood_NP  and_CC  Heyer_NP  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  position_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  contour_NN  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  itself_PPX1  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  ratios_NNS  of_IO  firing_NN  in_IO  different_JJ  cells_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  wondered_VBN  if_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  boy_NN  requires_VBZ  inspiration_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  got_VBN  by_IO  tactful_JJ  film_NN  teaching_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  classroom_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  questioned_VBN  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  learn_VV0  at_IO  school_NN  .  
  his_APP$  untidy_JJ  ,_,  dirty_JJ  ,_,  badly_RR  spelled_JJ  and_CC  careless_JJ  paper_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  indicate_VV0  much_DA  attainment_NN  .  
  further_JB  information_NN  about_IO  viewing_NN  tastes_NNS  comes_VBZ  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  questions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  where_CS the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  in_IO  what_DDQ  way_NN  they_PPHS2  preferred_VVD  cinema_NN  to_IO  television_NN  and_CC  vice_RR  versa_RR  .  
  again_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  tabulate_VV0  these_DD2  written_JJ  answers_NNS  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  fall_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  fairly_RR  regular_JJ  pattern_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  26_MC  %_NNU  do_VD0  not_XX  answer_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
  23_MC  %_NNU  merely_RR  say_VV0  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  prefer_VV0  television_NN  to_IO  cinema_NN  without_IO  any_DD  explanation_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  13_MC  %_NNU  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  prefer_VV0  cinema_NN  to_IO  television_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS prefer_VV0  the_AT1  cinema_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  discussed_VBN    the_AT1  colour_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  stars_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  choice_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  the_AT1  television_NN  supporters_NNS  have_VH0  other_DA  reasons_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  not_XX  all_DB  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  content_NN  .  
  23_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  almost_RR  equally_RR  boys_NNS  and_CC  girls_NNS  ,_,  prefer_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  their_APP$  viewing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  comfort_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  homes_NN2  .  
  10_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  and_CC  13_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  prefer_VV0  television_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  queue_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  cold_JJ  journey_NN  home_NN1  in_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  show_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  get_VV0  cold_JJ  and_CC  wet_JJ  and_CC    even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  \0TV_NN  programme_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  good_JJ  you_PPY  feel_VV0  better_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  miserable_JJ  night_NN  .    
  11_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  like_VV0  \0TV_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  cheaper_JJ  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  pleased_JJ  to_TO  switch_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  when_CS they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  like_VV0  the_AT1  programme_NN  or_CC  change_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  channel_NN  .  
  2_MC  %_NNU  prefer_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  their_APP$  viewing_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  because_CS  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  smoky_JJ  nor_CC  so_RG  stuffy_JJ  .  
  others_DA2  rising_VBG  to_IO  3_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  18-year-old_JB  boys_NNS  prefer_VV0  television_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  require_VV0  to_TO    dress_VV0  up_RP  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  five_MC  secondary_JJ  15-year-old_JB  girls_NNS  say_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  a_AT1  17-year-old_JB  girl_NN  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  comments_VBZ  that_CS  cinema_NN    is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  compelling_JJ  as_IO  \0TV_NN  and_CC  being_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  you_PPY  lazy_JJ  .    
  another_DD1  17-year-old_NN  at_IO  secondary_JJ  school_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    \0TV_NN  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  lazy_JJ    most_DA  people_NNS  become_VV0  too_RG  lazy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  .    
  another_DD1  15-year-old_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    my_APP$  parents_NNS  know_VV0  the_AT1  cinema_NN  is_VBZ  better_JJ  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  bothered_VBN  going_VBG  out_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0TV_NN  gives_VBZ  them_PPHO1  something_PN1  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  .    
  a_AT1  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  15/16-year-old_JB  boys_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  recently_RR  started_VBN  work_NN  say_VV0  that_CS  \0TV_NN  is_VBZ    all_RR  right_RR  for_IO  Sunday_NN1  when_CS you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  .    
  this_DD1  attitude_NN  only_RR  appears_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  percentage_NN  ,_,  about_RR  1/5_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  with_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  .  
  other_DA  reasons_NNS  for_IO  preferring_VBG  \0TV_NN  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  are_VBR  numerous_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  16-year-old_JB  secondary_JJ  schoolgirl_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    at_IO  a_AT1  cinema_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  ,_,  lie_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  get_VV0  up_RP  when_CS you_PPY  like_VV0  ,_,  shout_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  but_CCB  you_PPY  can_VM  with_IO  \0TV_NN  .    
  this_DD1  freedom_NN  in_IO  viewing_NN  is_VBZ  implied_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  answers_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  14-year-old_JB  girl_NN  puts_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,      you_PPY  get_VV0  peace_NN  and_CC  quietness_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  like_VV0  ,_,    and_CC  an_AT1  18-year-old_JB  boy_NN  gets_VBZ  satisfaction_NN  ,_,  
    you_PPY  can_VM  blast_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  stupid_JJ  things_NNS  seen_VBN  and_CC  know_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  put_VBN  out_RP  .    
  a_AT1  15-year-old_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  peace_NN  and_CC  tranquility_NN  at_IO  home_NN1    you_PPY  can_VM  leave_VV0  and_CC  study_VV0  when_CS inclined_VBN  .    
  another_DD1  15-year-old_JB  boy_NN  probably_RR  explains_VBZ  this_DD1  when_CS he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  you_PPY  can_VM    turn_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  or_CC  go_VV0  and_CC  do_VD0  something_PN1  else_RR  without_IO  feeling_VBG  you_PPY  have_VH0  wasted_VBN  money_NN  .    
  television_NN  is_VBZ  blamed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  secondary_JJ  schoolboy_NN  as_CS    anti-social_JJ  and_CC  leads_VBZ  to_IO  unfriendliness_NN  .    
  a_AT1  girl_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  age_NN  also_RR  thinks_VBZ  .  
    \0TV_NN  is_VBZ  anti-social_JJ  .    
  this_DD1  aspect_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  mentioned_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  who_PNQS repeat_VV0  the_AT1  objections_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  often_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  about_IO  radio_NN  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  family_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  quiet_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  member_NN  is_VBZ  listening_VBG  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  unexpected_JJ  reply_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  junior_JJ  secondary_JJ  boy_NN  of_IO  15_MC  ,_,  
    our_APP$  rented_JJ  \0TV_NN  was_VBDZ  removed_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  request_NN  six_MC  weeks_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  exams_NNS  in_IO  March_NN1  .    
  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  ,_,  although_CS  having_VHG  \0TV_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,    prefer_VV0  watching_VBG  \0TV_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cafe_NN  or_CC  at_IO  my_APP$  mate's_NN1$  house_NN    or_CC    in_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  home_NN1    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  cosier_JJ  .    
  a_DA  few_DA  older_JJ  boys_NNS  translate_VV0  this_DD1  into_IO  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  friendlier_JJ  seeing_VBG  \0TV_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  pint_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pub_NN  .    
  others_DA2  find_VV0  television_NN  useful_JJ  as_IO  background_NN  to_IO  other_DA  activity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  14-year-old_JB  boy_NN  confesses_VBZ  ,_,  
    you_PPY  can_VM  neck_VV0  and_CC  kiss_VV0  your_APP$  girl_NN  in_IO  peace_NN  when_CS dad_NN  and_CC  mum_NN  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  .    
  another_DD1  ,_,  aged_JJ  15_MC  ,_,  finds_VBZ    fireside_NN  comfort_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  when_CS family_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  .    
  at_IO  17_MC  a_AT1  boy_NN  claims_VBZ  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  warmer_JJ  at_IO  home_NN1  especially_RR  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_RP  alone_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  .    
  another_DD1  aged_JJ  14_MC  with_IO  a_AT1  dirty_JJ  paper_NN  says_VBZ  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  only_RR  watch_VV0  \0TV_NN  when_CS my_APP$  parents_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  out_RP  so_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  peace_NN  to_TO  watch_VV0  \0TV_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  smoke_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  really_RR  prefer_VV0  cinema_NN  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  my_APP$  moaning_JJ  family_NN  .    
  although_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  come_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  enquiry_NN  proper_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  that_CS  two_MC  19-year-old_JB  members_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  boys'_NN2  youth_NN  club_NN  prefer_VV0  \0TV_NN  because_CS    you_PPY  can_VM  sit_VV0  back_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  pie_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pint_NN  .    
  one_MC1  feels_VBZ  sympathy_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  15-year-old_JB  girl_NN  who_PNQS likes_VBZ  \0TV_NN  but_CCB  goes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  for_IO    peace_NN  and_CC  quiet_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  noise_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
  there_EX  are_VBR  six_MC  children_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
  actual_JJ  tastes_NNS  in_IO  television_NN  viewing_NN  have_VH0  already_RR  been_VBN  discussed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  on_IO  favourite_JB  \0TV_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  western_NN  is_VBZ  popular_JJ  with_IO  both_DB2  sexes_NNS  and_CC  all_DB  ages_NNS  .  
  sports_NNS  play_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  boys'_NN2  viewing_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  who_PNQS  chooses_VBZ  the_AT1  programme_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  viewed_VBN  .  
  two_MC  secondary_JJ  girls_NNS  of_IO  15_MC  would_VM  rather_RR  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  like_VV0  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  watch_VV0  what_DDQ  your_APP$  parents_NNS  want_VV0  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  boxing_NN  for_IO  2_MC  1/2_MC  hours_NNS  or_CC  some_DD  hopeless_JJ  advertising_NN  programme_NN  .    
    because_CS  your_APP$  young_JJ  brother_NN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  stupid_JJ  quiz_NN  programme_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  look_VV0  as_RR  well_RR  .    
  boys_NNS  in_IO  different_JJ  schools_NNS  say_VV0  ,_,  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  family_NN  quarrelling_VBG  about_IO  which_WDTI  channel_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  .    
  two_MC  others_DA2  say_VV0  ,_,  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  watch_VV0  what_DDQ  younger_JJ  children_NNS  want_VV0  or_CC  what_DDQ  parents_NNS  want_VV0  .    
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  14/15-year-olds_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  like_VV0  the_AT1  serials_NNS  on_IO  television_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  clear_JJ  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  actually_RR  mean_VV0  plays_NNS  ,_,  dramas_NNS  or_CC  novels_NNS  too_RG  long_JJ  for_IO  one_MC1  evening_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  continued_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  weeks_NNS  or_CC  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  mean_VV0  a_AT1  series_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  same_DA  characters_NNS  appear_VV0  each_DD1  week_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  in_IO  suspense_NN  with_IO  serials_NNS  ,_,    has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  balanced_VBN  by_IO  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  just_RR  long_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  Dixon_NP  will_VM  solve_VV0  next_DA  week_NN  .    
  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  girls_NNS  like_VV0  television_NN  dramatisation_NN  of_IO  novels_NNS  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  girls_NNS  mention_VV0  that_DD1  \0TV_NN  occasionally_RR  gives_VBZ  opera_NN  and_CC  ballet_NN  performances_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  a_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  great_JJ  ballet_NN  otherwise_RR  ,_,    says_VBZ  one_MC1  15-year-old_JB  secondary_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  several_DA  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  include_VV0  ballet_NN  and_CC  opera_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  types_NNS  of_IO  film_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  .  
  some_DD  add_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1    but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  public_NN  would_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  .    
  television_NN  music_NN  comes_VBZ  in_RP  for_IO  considerable_JJ  praise_NN  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  musical_JJ  settings_NNS  are_VBR  admired_VBN  .  
    \0TV_NN  music_NN  interludes_NNS  and_CC  background_NN  music_NN  are_VBR  more_RG  enjoyable_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  heard_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  .    
    settings_NNS  for_IO  \0B.B.C_NP  celebrity_NN  recitals_NNS  help_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  understand_VV0  it_PPH1  better_RRR  .    
  the_AT1  commonest_JJT  favourable_JJ  criticism_NN  of_IO  television_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  provides_VBZ  so_RG  many_DA  programmes_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  educational_JJ  and_CC  instructional_JJ  nature_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS things_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  ,_,    says_VBZ  a_AT1  15-year-old_JB  boy_NN  .  
  several_DA  secondary_JJ  schoolgirls_NNS  comment_VV0  that_DD1  panorama_NN  and_CC  such_DA  programmes_NNS  help_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO    understand_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  about_IO  at_IO  school_NN  .    
  news_NN  programmes_NNS  are_VBR  popular_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  some_DD  boys_NNS  make_VV0  the_AT1  news_NN  broadcast_NN  a_AT1  break_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  homework_NN  .  
  an_AT1  18-year-old_JB  shorthand_NN  typist_NN  likes_VBZ  newsreels_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  show_VV0  newsreels_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  banning_VBG  the_AT1  newsreel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  my_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  absolutely_RR  wrong_JJ  .  
  many_DA  people_NNS  depended_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  marvellous_JJ  seeing_VBG  and_CC  hearing_VBG  from_IO  famous_JJ  people_NNS  what_DDQ  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  for_IO  \0TV_NN  ,_,    says_VBZ  a_AT1  17-year-old_JB  student_NN  .  
  the_AT1  immediacy_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  usually_RR  claimed_VBN  for_IO  \0TV_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  favour_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  people_NNS  except_CS  with_IO  sports_NNS  programmes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  girl_NN  civil_JJ  servant_NN  of_IO  17_MC  likes_VBZ  \0TV_NN  for_IO  showing_VBG    older_JJ  films_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  but_CCB  were_VBDR  in_IO  circulation_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  too_RG  young_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  nature_NN  programmes_NNS  of_IO  \0TV_NN  like_IO  look_VV0  ,_,  zoo_NN  quest_NN  ,_,  safari_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  all_DB  have_VH0  those_DD2  who_PNQS like_VV0  them_PPHO1  and_CC  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  pity_NN  the_AT1  nature_NN  programmes_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  colour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commentator_NN  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  reds_NNS  and_CC  greens_NNS  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  just_RR  see_VV0  black_NN  and_CC  white_NN  and_CC  grey_NN  .    
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  preferring_VBG  the_AT1  Disney_NP  series_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  films_NNS  and_CC  asking_VBG  for_IO  more_DA  .  
  another_DD1  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  like_VV0  the_AT1  dancing_NN  programmes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  heather_NN  club_NN  receives_VBZ  more_DA  votes_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  kilt_NN  is_VBZ  my_APP$  delight_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  formal_JJ  country_NN  dance_NN  items_NNS  .  
  rock'n'roll_NN  programmes_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  following_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  age_NN  groups_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  various_JJ  stars_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  programmes_NNS  receive_VV0  votes_NNS  .  
  Tony_NP  Hancock_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  and_CC  Terry-Thomas_NP  the_AT1  least_RG  .  
  magicians_NNS  and_CC  illusionists_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  intrigue_VV0  but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  acts_NNS  are_VBR  described_VBN  as_CS    corny_JJ  .    
  plays_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  popular_JJ  with_IO  girls_NNS  than_CS  with_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  summary_NN  and_CC  conclusion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tastes_NNS  of_IO  adolescents_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  affected_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  intelligence_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  school_NN  education_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  great_JJ  opportunity_NN  for_IO  teachers_NNS  and_CC  others_DA2  to_TO  inspire_VV0  their_APP$  young_JJ  charges_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  secondary_JJ  school_NN  and_CC  in_IO  further_JB  education_NN  establishments_NNS  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  see_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  television_NN  screen_NN  .  
  there_EX  seems_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  such_DA  inspiration_NN  in_IO  youth_NN  organisations_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  types_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  excluding_VBG  those_DD2  which_DDQ  have_VH0  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  religious_JJ  background_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  need_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  evident_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  attending_VBG  senior_JJ  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  whose_PNQV$  parents_NNS  appear_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  greater_JJ  extent_NN  to_TO  influence_VV0  their_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  cinema_NN  and_CC  television_NN  programme_NN  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  inspiration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  types_NNS  of_IO  visual_JJ  material_NN  is_VBZ  just_RR  as_RG  necessary_JJ  as_IO  instruction_NN  in_IO  literary_JJ  ,_,  art_NN  and_CC  musical_JJ  appreciation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  still_RR  look_VV0  at_IO  films_NNS  and_CC  television_NN  for_IO  entertainment_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  seek_VV0  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  family_NN  pictures_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  ,_,  appealing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  instincts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  too_RG  many_DA  existing_JJ  films_NNS  are_VBR  condemned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  themselves_PPX2  for_IO  their_APP$  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  baser_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  man_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  makers_NNS  and_CC  exhibitors_NNS  are_VBR  criticised_VBN  for_IO  handling_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  enormous_JJ  sums_NNS  of_IO  money_NN  spent_VBN  on_IO  advertising_VBG  films_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  stars_NNS  influence_VV0  many_DA  young_JJ  people_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  picture_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  encouraging_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  much_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  films_NNS  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  advertisements_NNS  to_TO  lead_VV0  a_AT1  life_NN  other_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  theirs_PP$  .  
  a_AT1  problem_NN  exists_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  censor_NN  in_IO  looking_VBG  after_IO  the_AT1  morals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  adolescents_NNS  .  
  an_AT1    X_ZZ1    certificate_NN  assures_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  category_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  before_IO  attending_VBG  the_AT1  cinema_NN  (_(  table_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  serious_JJ  examination_NN  how_CS so_RG  many_DA  under-age_JJ  are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0    X_ZZ1    films_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  regulations_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  strict_JJ  enough_RGA  :_:  perhaps_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  too_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  implement_VV0  .  
  perhaps_RR  too_RG  many_DA  cinemas_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  are_VBR  showing_VBG  too_RG  many_DA    X_ZZ1    films_NNS  :_:  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  film_NN  makers_NNS  are_VBR  failing_VBG  to_TO  produce_VV0  universally_RR  suitable_JJ  films_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  required_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  cinema_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  popular_JJ  place_NN  of_IO  entertainment_NN  for_IO  adolescents_NNS  .  
  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  number_NN  attend_VV0  once_RR  per_IO  week_NN  as_CS  attended_VVD  thirty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  although_CS  fewer_DA  attend_VV0  oftener_RRR  (_(  table_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  star_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  film_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  principal_JB  attractions_NNS  for_IO  attending_VBG  the_AT1  cinema_NN  in_IO  1960_MC  (_(  table_NN  6_MC  )_)  .  
  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  films_NNS  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  more_RRR  from_IO  newspaper_NN  reports_NNS  than_CS  from_IO  film_NN  magazines_NNS  (_(  tables_NNS  7_MC  and_CC  8_MC  )_)  although_CS  nearly_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  adolescents_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  bother_VV0  about_IO  either_LE  .  
  comedy_NN  films_NNS  are_VBR  most_RG  popular_JJ  at_IO  all_DB  ages_NNS  with_IO  crime_NN  and_CC  detection_NN  films_NNS  in_IO  second_MD  place_NN  (_(  table_NN  10_MC  )_)  .  
  small_JJ  shops_NNS  supply_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  staple_NN  foods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  general_JJ  stores_NNS  offer_VV0  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  household_NN  goods_NNS  .  
  cheap_JJ  clothing_NN  and_CC  furniture_NN  stores_NNS  advertise_VV0  goods_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  instalment_NN  plan_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  also_RR  numerous_JJ  shops_NNS  devoted_VBN  to_IO  repairs_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  second-hand_JB  articles_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  area_NN  has_VHZ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  and_CC  lowest_JJT  buildings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  cheap_JJ  cinema_NN  .  
  its_APP$  north-easterly_JJ  tip_NN  abuts_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  of_IO  San_NP  Ildefonso_NP  whose_PNQV$  parish_NN  was_VBDZ  once_RR  an_AT1  annexe_NN  of_IO  San_NP  Marti*?2n_NP  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  busy_JJ  taverns_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  Fuencarral_NP  :_:  forms_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  quarters_NNS  of_IO  Mun*?4oz_NP  Torrero_NP  ,_,  San_NP  Luis_NP  ,_,  Jardines_NP  and_CC  Carmen_NP  .  
  a_AT1  predominant_JJ  business_NN  and_CC  commercial_JJ  activity_NN  marks_VBZ  this_DD1  area_NN  of_IO  banks_NNS  ,_,  offices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  central_JJ  telephone_NN  exchange_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  shop_NN  which_DDQ  deals_VBZ  in_IO  manufactured_JJ  goods_NNS  such_IO  as_II  radios_NNS  ,_,  typewriters_NNS  ,_,  office-equipment_NN  and_CC  shoes_NNS  .  
  dozens_MC2  of_IO  tailors_NNS  squat_VV0  over_IO  their_APP$  sewing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  storeys_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  buildings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  side_NN  streets_NNS  are_VBR  studded_VBN  with_IO  craftsmen's_NN2  workshops_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  comfortable_JJ  family_NN  type_NN  of_IO  restaurant_NN  ,_,  notable_JJ  for_IO  its_APP$  kitchen_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  its_APP$  prices_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  
  Luna_NP    Desengan*?4o_NP  :_:  belongs_VBZ  in_IO  parts_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  quarters_NNS  of_IO  Estrella_NP  ,_,  Mun*?4oz_NP  Torrero_NP  and_CC  San_NP  Luis_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  least_RG  definable_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  all_DB  since_CS  its_APP$  limits_NNS  link_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  merge_VV0  with_IO  all_DB  others_DA2  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  buildings_NNS  are_VBR  residential_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  four_MC  churches_NNS  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  also_RR  make_VV0  it_PPH1  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  ecclesiastical_JJ  influence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  Madrid_NP  has_VHZ  trebled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  fifty_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  continues_VBZ  to_TO  grow_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  proportion_NN  ;_;  in_IO  1958_MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  estimated_VBN  at_IO  1,887,000_MC  .  
  this_DD1  rise_NN  owes_VBZ  much_DA  to_IO  migration_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  districts_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  real_JJ  wages_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  Madrid's_PPIO2  own_DA  province_NN  the_AT1  gain_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  areas_NNS  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  2,000_MC  in_IO  1956_MC  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  birth_NN  rate_NN  has_VHZ  dropped_VBN  by_IO  almost_RR  one-third_MC  over_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  fifty_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  primate_NN  cities_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  below_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  23.43_MC  per_IO  1000_MC  inhabitants_NNS  in_IO  1953_MC  .  
  urbanization_NN  in_IO  Spain_NP  generally_RR  is_VBZ  distinctly_RR  correlated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  reproductive_JJ  rates_NNS  .  
  in_IO  San_NP  Marti*?2n_NP  the_AT1  parish_NN  church_NN  declares_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  some_DD  5,000_MC  homes_NN2  ,_,  but_CCB  admits_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  total_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  fluctuates_VBZ  between_IO  25,000_MC  and_CC  30,000_MC  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  average_JJ  size_NN  family_NN  is_VBZ  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  overflow_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  approximately_RR  fifty_MC  hotels_NNS  and_CC  150_MC  pensiones_&FW  (_(  boarding_NN  houses_NNS  )_)  .  
  density_NN  figures_NNS  of_IO  847_MC  (_(  12_MC  square_JJ  metres_NNS  per_IO  inhabitant_NN  )_)  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  housing_NN  problem_NN  is_VBZ  acute_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  San_NP  Marti*?2n_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  expanding_VBG  upwards_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  buildings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  back_JB  streets_NNS  one_MC1  commonly_RR  finds_VBZ  old_JJ  houses_NNS  whose_PNQV$  bulging_JJ  walls_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  shored_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  heavy_JJ  timbers_NNS  ,_,  often_RR  stretching_VBG  beyond_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  surface_NN  .  
  when_CS these_DD2  finally_RR  topple_VV0  the_AT1  landlord_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  too_RG  pleased_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  rents_NNS  of_IO  pre-civil_JB  war_NN  tenants_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  controlled_VBN  and_CC  tenancy_NN  secured_VBN  .  
  although_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  find_VV0  alternative_JJ  accommodation_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  tenants_NNS  it_PPH1  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  area_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  loftier_JJ  the_AT1  new_JJ  building_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  higher_JJ  the_AT1  new_JJ  rents_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  previous_JJ  occupier_NN  often_RR  has_VHZ  to_TO  move_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  demographic_JJ  changes_NNS  induced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  double_JJ  decline_NN  in_IO  births_NNS  and_CC  deaths_NNS  are_VBR  linked_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  increasingly_RR  rapid_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  population_NN  .  
  money_NN  is_VBZ  ruthlessly_RR  finding_VBG  its_APP$  own_DA  level_NN  in_IO  housing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  wealth_NN  sweeps_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  Gran_NP  Vi*?2a_NP  to_TO  trickle_VV0  away_RP  into_IO  insignificance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  poorer_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  Pez_NP  ,_,  so_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  enter_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  swim_NN  are_VBR  driven_VBN  farther_RRR  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  traditional_JJ  parish_NN  .  
  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  buildings_NNS  in_IO  Europe_NP  now_RL  tower_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Gran_NP  Vi*?2a_NP  area_NN  .  
  these_DD2  skyscrapers_NNS  ,_,  full_JJ  of_IO  offices_NNS  ,_,  flats_NNS  and_CC  hotels_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  a_AT1  home_NN1  from_IO  home_NN1  for_IO  Americans_NP2  who_PNQS administer_VV0  their_APP$  military_JJ  bases_NNS  in_IO  Spain_NP  under_IO  the_AT1  pact_NN  of_IO  1952_MC  ;_;  they_PPHS2  supply_VV0  much_DA  employment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  parishioners_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  pattern_NN  evolving_VBG  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  may_VM  roughly_RR  be_VB0  explained_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  correlation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  income_NN  group_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  density_NN  of_IO  population_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  opposing_JJ  poles_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  correlation_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  Gran_NP  Vi*?2a_NP  and_CC  Pez_NP  areas_NNS  ,_,  ten_MC  minutes'_NN2  stroll_NN  apart_RP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  detached_JJ  or_CC  semi-detached_JJ  houses_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  built-up_JB  parish_NN  ;_;  and_CC  no_AT1  front_JB  or_CC  back_JB  gardens_NNS  .  
  buildings_NNS  form_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  blocks_NNS  whose_PNQV$  rear_NN  may_VM  overlook_VV0  communal_JJ  courts_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  either_LE  mere_JB  wells_NNS  criss-crossed_VBN  with_IO  washing-lines_NNS  from_IO  window_NN  to_IO  window_NN  ,_,  or_CC  more_RG  spacious_JJ  ones_CD1S  used_VBN  for_IO  commercial_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  scrap-iron_JB  storage_NN  yards_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  neighbourhood_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  enforced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  families_NNS  crammed_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  one_MC1  building_NN  whose_PNQV$  ground-floor_JB  tenant_NN  usually_RR  acts_VBZ  as_IO  porter_NN  and_CC  general_JJ  informant_NN  .  
  a_AT1  certain_JJ  privacy_NN  is_VBZ  ensured_VBN  for_IO  households_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  separate_JJ  access_NN  to_IO  common_JJ  landings_NNS  or_CC  to_IO  a_AT1  staircase_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  entrance_NN  is_VBZ  invariably_RR  overlooked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  porter's_NN1$  window_NN  .  
  yet_RR  this_DD1  modicum_NN  of_IO  privacy_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  invaded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  clamour_NN  for_IO  accommodation_NN  .  
  more_DA  and_CC  more_DA    apartments_NNS    are_VBR  being_VBG  created_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  old_JJ  reception_NN  rooms_NNS  or_CC  spare_JJ  bedrooms_NNS  .  
  humorists_NNS  publish_VV0  exaggerated_JJ  cartoons_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  even_RR  a_AT1  large_JJ  wardrobe_NN  or_CC  piano_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  sub-let_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  desperate_JJ  homeless_JJ  .  
  few_DA  families_NNS  are_VBR  owners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS  they_PPHS2  live_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  many_DA  more_DA  have_VH0  a_AT1  long-term_JB  lease_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  reside_VV0  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  three-storeyed_JJ  mansions_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  converted_VBN  into_IO  flats_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  separate_JJ  entrances_NNS  and_CC  staircases_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  owner_NN  and_CC  tenants_NNS  .  
  four-storeyed_JJ  buildings_NNS  of_IO  grey_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  with_IO  attics_NNS  jutting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  red-tiled_JJ  roofs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  railed_JJ  balconies_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  windows_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  floor_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  still_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  residential_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  tenement-houses_NNS  have_VH0  roof-terraces_NNS  ,_,  access_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  usually_RR  a_AT1  bone_NN  of_IO  contention_NN  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  modern_JJ  and_CC  higher_JJ  buildings_NNS  have_VH0  central_JJ  heating_NN  and_CC  originally-planned_JB  bathrooms_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  hot_JJ  summer_NN  nights_NNS  the_AT1  side_NN  streets_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  chairs_NNS  and_CC  stools_NNS  of_IO  family_NN  groups_NNS  until_IO  the_AT1  cool_JJ  breezes_NNS  of_IO  early_JJ  morning_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  privilege_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  parish_NN  a_AT1  working-class_JJ  father_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  houses_NNS  may_VM  pay_VV0  as_RG  little_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  United_NP  States_NP  dollar_NN  a_AT1  month_NN    a_AT1  controlled_JJ  rent_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  a_AT1  sixteenth_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  weekly_JJ  income_NN  .  
  rents_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  uncontrolled_JJ  may_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  2,000_MC  pesetas_NNS  a_AT1  month_NN  or_CC  more_DA  .  
  the_AT1  sanctity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  throughout_IO  Spain_NP  has_VHZ  never_RR  encouraged_VVD  the_AT1  casual_JJ  Anglo-Saxon_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO    dropping-in_VBG    for_IO  unexpected_JJ  visits_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  six_MC  ,_,  cramped_VBN  in_IO  four_MC  rooms_NNS  in_IO  Madrid_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  enforced_JJ  proximity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  neighbours_NNS  scarcely_RR  permits_VBZ  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  self-imposed_JJ  isolation_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  obviously_RR  prefer_VV0  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  get_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  depressingly-long_JB  waiting_NN  lists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  ,_,  syndicate_NN  or_CC  church_NN  housing_VBG  projects_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  typical_JJ  family_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  parish_NN  area_NN  ;_;  meanwhile_RR  it_PPH1  regards_VBZ  with_IO  a_AT1  resigned_JJ  surprise_NN  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  ancient_JJ  castles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  derives_VBZ  a_AT1  mocking_JJ  pleasure_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  splendidly_RR  unfinished_JJ  ministries_NNS  and_CC  monuments_NNS  begun_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  display-minded_JJ  regime_NN  .  
  the_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  ecclesiastical_JJ  unit_NN  consists_VBZ  in_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  feligre*?2s_&FW    a_AT1  parishioner_NN  inscribed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  register_NN  .  
  this_DD1  entitles_VBZ  him_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  essential_JJ  sacraments_NNS  of_IO  baptism_NN  ,_,  marriage_NN  and_CC  extreme_JJ  unction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  religious_JJ  associations_NNS  ,_,  charities_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  services_NNS  .  
  official_JJ  status_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  vecino_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  is_VBZ  acquired_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  six_MC  month's_NN1$  residence_NN  for_IO  all_DB  Spaniards_NP2  of_IO  21_MC  or_CC  more_DA  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  18_MC  or_CC  above_II  who_PNQS are_VBR  legally_RR  living_VBG  apart_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  parents_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  inscribed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  electoral_JJ  census_NN  as_IO  heads_NNS  of_IO  households_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  municipal_JJ  Padro*?2n_&FW  is_VBZ  the_AT1  civil_JJ  register_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  liable_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  taxes_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  Centro_NP  district_NN  .  
  all_DB  those_DD2  listed_VBN  therein_RR  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  an_AT1  identity_NN  card_NN  with_IO  photograph_NN  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  qualified_VBN  for_IO  social_JJ  insurance_NN  benefits_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  acquire_VV0  on_IO  marrying_VBG  a_AT1  family_NN  book_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  ministry_NN  of_IO  grace_NN  and_CC  justice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ecclesiastical_JJ  and_CC  civil_JJ  units_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  considered_VBN  wholly_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  compulsory_JJ  .  
  except_IO  for_II  an_AT1  insignificant_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  protestants_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  religious_JJ  conformity_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  ,_,  and_CC  social_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ  obligations_NNS  often_RR  dovetail_VV0  ;_;  for_IO  religion_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  merely_RR  a_AT1  personal_JJ  affair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  parish_NN  still_RR  exerts_VBZ  certain_JJ  controls_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  will_VM  be_VB0  discussed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  chapter_NN  ,_,  where_CS an_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  church_NN  and_CC  state_NN  will_VM  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  authority_NN  and_CC  influence_NN  each_DD1  wields_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  aim_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  paint_VV0  the_AT1  background_NN  and_CC  landscape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Madrid_NP  picture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  pattern_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  emerge_VV0  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  regular_JJ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  pueblo_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  jigsaw_NN  of_IO  interlocking_JJ  social_JJ  relationships_NNS  which_DDQ  merge_VV0  their_APP$  various_JJ  forms_NNS  and_CC  colours_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  authorities_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  around_RP  .  
  an_AT1  authoritarian_JJ  triad_NN  composed_VBN  of_IO  mayor_NN  ,_,  police_NNS  and_CC  priest_NN  ,_,  similar_JJ  to_IO  that_PNQS found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  exists_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  impersonal_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  only_RR  adds_VBZ  weight_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  authority_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  helps_VBZ  to_TO  create_VV0  awareness_NN  of_IO  community_NN  among_IO  all_DB  who_PNQS share_VV0  a_AT1  common_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  and_CC  parish_NN  ,_,  divisions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  themselves_PPX2  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nationally_RR  imposed_JJ  political_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  for_CS  not_XX  even_RR  the_AT1  rural_JJ  parish_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  autonomous_JJ  ,_,  integrated_JJ  whole_NN  wherein_CS everything_PN1  that_PNQS happens_VBZ  is_VBZ  functionally_RR  interdependent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  urban_JJ  parish_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  less_RG  so_PN1  .  
  San_NP  Marti*?2n_NP  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  government_NN  ;_;  and_CC  interaction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  superstructure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  parish_NN  unit_NN  becomes_VBZ  clear_JJ  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  institutionalism_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  in_RR  general_RR  is_VBZ  examined_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  my_APP$  task_NN  here_RL  to_TO  go_VV0  deeply_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  historical_JJ  causes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  political_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  a_AT1  distinction_NN  must_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  between_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  traditional_JJ  and_CC  enduring_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  current_JJ  political_JJ  necessity_NN  .  
  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  country_NN  quickly_RR  fell_VVD  under_IO  a_AT1  bureaucratic_JJ  absolutism_NN  pride_NN  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  provincial_JJ  fueros_&FW  ,_,  in_IO  municipal_JJ  liberties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  rights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cortes_NP  of_IO  Castile_NP  .  
  imperialism_NN  ,_,  Parry_NP  says_VBZ  ,_,  killed_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  political_JJ  thought_NN  in_IO  Spain_NP  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  aftermath_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Napoleonic_JJ  wars_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  pendulum_NN  of_IO  government_NN  swung_VVD  from_IO  reaction_NN  to_IO  counter-reaction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  instability_NN  and_CC  internal_JJ  strife_NN  reflected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ninety-eight_MC  changes_NNS  of_IO  cabinet_NN  between_IO  1834_MC  and_CC  1912_MC    a_AT1  period_NN  which_DDQ  saw_VVD  revolutions_NNS  ,_,  regents_NNS  ,_,  pretenders_NNS  ,_,  new_JJ  monarchs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  republic_NN  ,_,  military_JJ  coups_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  restoration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  humiliating_JJ  loss_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  Spain's_PPIO2  new_JJ  world_NN  possessions_NNS    made_VVD  the_AT1  populace_NN  apathetic_JJ  and_CC  destroyed_VVD  its_APP$  little_DA  faith_NN  in_IO  government_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  very_RG  quickly_RR  revealed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  reluctance_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  except_IO  that_DD1  during_IO  which_DDQ  Spain_NP  was_VBDZ  dominant_JJ  in_IO  world_NN  affairs_NNS  .  
  past_JB  experience_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  apparently_RR  deterred_VBN  this_DD1  people's_NN1$  search_NN  for_IO  heroic_JJ  leaders_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  for_IO  an_AT1  abstract_JJ  political_JJ  ideal_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  comparative_JJ  success_NN  of_IO  two_MC  dictatorships_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  republic_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  adduced_VBN  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  if_CS  one_MC1  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  political_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  government_NN  in_IO  Spain_NP  continues_VBZ  to_TO  rest_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  institutions_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  hereditary_JJ  monarchy_NN  (_(  rejected_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  short-lived_JJ  republics_NNS  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  parliament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Castilian_JJ  Cortes_NP  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  civil_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  staff_NN  except_IO  for_II  its_APP$  highest_JJT  officials_NNS  .  
  Spain_NP  is_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  a_AT1  kingdom_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  king_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Franco_NP  regime_NN  has_VHZ  committed_VBN  itself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  monarchy_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  institution_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  1947_MC  law_NN  of_IO  succession_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  referendum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  year_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  the_AT1  regime_NN  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ    a_AT1  representative_JJ  ,_,  organic_JJ  democracy_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  individual_NN  participates_VBZ  in_IO  government_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  representative_JJ  organs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  syndicate_NN    .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  organs_NNS  one_MC1    the_AT1  family_NN    has_VHZ  continued_VBN  to_TO  participate_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  another_DD1    the_AT1  city_NN  council_NN  of_IO  Madrid_NP    since_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  syndicalism_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  twentieth-century_JB  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mediaeval_JJ  gremios_&FW  or_CC  trade_NN  guilds_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  themselves_PPX2  linked_VBN  to_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  family_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  parish_NN  by_IO  their_APP$  religious_JJ  activities_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  spiritual_JJ  sponsorship_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  grew_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  cities_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  areas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  closely_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  anarchism_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  Falangists_NP2  and_CC  catholics_NNS  made_VVD  it_PPH1    respectable_JJ    in_IO  its_APP$  current_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  verticalism_NN  .  
  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  these_DD2  obligations_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  imposed_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  holder_NN  of_IO  any_DD  gamvasama_&FW  plot_NN  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  he_PPHO1  chooses_VBZ  to_TO  lay_VV0  claim_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  Gamara*?1la_&FW  .  
  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  map_NN  E_ZZ1  (_(  \0p_NN  152_MC  )_)  each_DD1  of_IO  three_MC  ba*?1ga_&FW  has_VHZ  one_MC1  elapata_&FW  ,_,  one_MC1  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  ,_,  one_MC1  gamvasama_&FW  and_CC  four_MC  ordinary_JJ  pangu_&FW  .  
  according_IO  to_II  Ievers_NP  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  gamvasama_&FW  should_VM  all_DB  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Gamara*?1la_&FW  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  represents_VBZ  only_RR  an_AT1  ideal_JJ  initial_JJ  situation_NN  .  
  when_CS detailed_JJ  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  records_NNS  begin_VV0  in_IO  1886_MC  the_AT1  pattern_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  diverged_VBN  widely_RR  from_IO  this_DD1  ideal_NN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  ba*?1ga_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  gamvasama_&FW  ,_,  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  and_CC  elapata_&FW  were_VBDR  in_IO  different_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  with_IO  the_AT1  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  provides_VBZ  yet_RR  another_DD1  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO    fair_JJ  shares_NNS    .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  constitutes_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  it_PPH1  therefore_RR  carries_VBZ  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  obligation_NN  to_TO  build_VV0  and_CC  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  fence_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  about_RR  ten_MC  times_NNS  more_DA  fencing_NN  than_CS  attaches_VBZ  to_IO  any_DD  ordinary_JJ  panguva_&FW  strip_NN  .  
  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  extra_JJ  fencing_NN  obligation_NN  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  elapata_&FW  is_VBZ  excused_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  duty_NN  of_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  tank_NN  repair_NN  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  has_VHZ  no_AT1  such_DA  privilege_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  idea_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  elapat_&FW  panguva_&FW  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  individual_NN  is_VBZ  simply_RR  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  wholly_RR  escapes_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  obligation_NN  of_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  tank_NN  repair_NN  ra*?1jaka*?1riya_&FW  duty_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  felt_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  particularly_RR  important_JJ  since_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  breach_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bund_NN  all_DB  villagers_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  equally_RR  responsible_JJ  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  comparable_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  elapata_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gamvasama_&FW  must_VM  both_DB2  pay_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  watch_NN  huts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  as_IO  Gamara*?1la_&FW  ,_,  escapes_VBZ  the_AT1  ra*?1jaka*?1riya_&FW  duty_NN  of_IO  night_NN  watchman_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  unlike_IO  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  gamvasama_&FW  owner_NN  must_VM  do_VD0  his_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  bund_NN  repair_NN  ra*?1jaka*?1riya_&FW  along_IO  with_II  the_AT1  other_DA  shareholders_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  this_DD1  carefully_RR  differentiated_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  rights_NNS  and_CC  obligations_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  rigorously_RR  maintained_VBN  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  status_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Gamara*?1la_&FW  as_IO  a_AT1  specialised_JJ  class_NN  of_IO  individual_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  formally_RR  recognised_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  rights_NNS  and_CC  duties_NNS  attach_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  not_XX  to_IO  the_AT1  individuals_NNS  who_PNQS own_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  contemporary_JJ  practice_NN  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  .  
  so_RG  much_DA  then_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  tenure_NN  of_IO  land_NN  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  old_JJ  field_NN  .  
  now_RL  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  the_AT1  actual_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  as_CS  it_PPH1  existed_VVD  in_IO  1954_MC  .  
  according_IO  to_II  present-day_JB  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  tradition_NN  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  originally_RR  contained_VVD  18_MC  pangu_&FW  ,_,  six_MC  for_IO  each_DD1  ba*?1ga_&FW  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  some_DD  unspecified_JJ  date_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  two_MC  extra_JJ  pangu_&FW  were_VBDR  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Pahala_NP  ba*?1ga_&FW  by_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  land_NN  allocated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Pahala_NP  elapata_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  which_DDQ  brought_VVD  this_DD1  change_NN  about_RP  are_VBR  not_XX  now_RL  remembered_VBN  so_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  fortunate_JJ  that_CS  among_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  nineteenth-century_JB  documents_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  which_DDQ  still_RR  survive_VV0  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  tax_NN  returns_NNS  which_DDQ  appear_VV0  to_TO  confirm_VV0  the_AT1  tradition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  Vel_NP  Vida*?1ne_NP  still_RR  submits_VBZ  annually_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  revenue_NN  administration_NN  a_AT1  return_NN  purporting_VBG  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  exact_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  land_NN  cultivated_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  precise_JJ  ownership_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  plot_NN  .  
  today_NN1  this_DD1  return_NN  is_VBZ  compiled_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  crop_NN  statistics_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  form_NN  is_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  paddy_NN  tax_NN  census_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  1870-90_MC-MC  period_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  easy_JJ  to_TO  correlate_VV0  surviving_JJ  tax_NN  census_NN  documents_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  layout_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  field_NN  .  
  table_NN  4_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  drawn_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  this_DD1  documentary_JJ  evidence_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  1954_MC  old_JJ  field_NN  holdings_NNS  (_(  upper_JB  field_NN  )_)  and_CC  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1889_MC  ,_,  1890_MC  .  
  this_DD1  table_NN  is_VBZ  analysed_VBN  in_IO  detail_NN  in_IO  section_NN  B_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  chapter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  analysis_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  1889_MC  list_NN  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  up_RP  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  scheme_NN  of_IO  18_MC  pangu_&FW  ;_;  the_AT1  1890_MC  list_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  fits_VBZ  the_AT1  present-day_JB  arrangement_NN  of_IO  20_MC  pangu_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    two_MC  extra_JJ  pangu_&FW    must_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  correct_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  alteration_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  occurred_VBN  shortly_RR  before_IO  1890_MC  .  
  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  satisfactory_JJ  fit_NN  of_IO  documentary_JJ  evidence_NN  with_IO  oral_JJ  tradition_NN  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  confident_JJ  that_CS  map_NN  e_ZZ1  (_(  which_DDQ    fits_VBZ    the_AT1  present-day_JB  arrangement_NN  of_IO  strips_NNS  to_IO  an_AT1    original_JJ    system_NN  of_IO  18_MC  pangu_&FW  and_CC  three_MC  elapata_&FW  )_)  is_VBZ  justified_VBN  and_CC  correct_JJ  .  
    originally_RR    the_AT1  field_NN  consisted_VBN  of_IO  3_MC  ba*?1ga_&FW  ;_;  each_DD1  ba*?1ga_&FW  comprised_VVD  a_AT1  40-fathom_JB  elapata_&FW  and_CC  6_MC  pangu_&FW  ;_;  each_DD1  panguva_&FW  comprised_VVD  10_MC  fathoms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  and_CC  10_MC  fathoms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  field_NN  .  
  such_DA  discrepancies_NNS  as_CS  now_RL  exist_VV0  result_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  shortly_RR  before_IO  1890_MC  two_MC  fathoms_NNS  from_IO  panguva_&FW  four_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Pahala_NP  ba*?1ga_&FW  together_RR  with_IO  22_MC  fathoms_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Pahala_NP  elapata_&FW  were_VBDR  reclassified_VBN  as_CS  forming_VBG    two_MC  extra_JJ  pangu_&FW    .  
  since_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  the_AT1  Pahala_NP  ba*?1ga_&FW  has_VHZ  been_VBN  deemed_VBN  to_TO  consist_VV0  of_IO  8_MC  pangu_&FW  as_IO  opposed_JJ"  to_II  the_AT1  6_MC  pangu_&FW  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  ba*?1ga_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  effect_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  reclassification_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  alter_VV0  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  ra*?1jaka*?1riya_&FW  obligation_NN  falling_NN  on_IO  owners_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  plots_NNS  of_IO  land_NN  .  
  details_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  at_IO  \0pp_NNU2  207_MC  \0f_RR  .  
    bethma_&FW    .  
  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  irrigation_NN  channels_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  Vel_NP  Vida*?1ne's_PPIO2  assumptions_NNS  concerning_IO  water_NN  allocation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  have_VH0  the_AT1  following_JJ  implications_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  two_MC  equal_JJ  parts_NNS    the_AT1  north_NN1  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  south_NN1  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  field_NN  is_VBZ  half_DB  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  field_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  three_MC  supposedly_RR  equal_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  contains_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  number_NN  of_IO  strips_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  width_NN  ,_,  owned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  one-third_MC  of_IO  every_AT1  holding_NN  falls_VBZ  into_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  main_JB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  this_DD1  symmetry_NN  has_VHZ  important_JJ  consequences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  north_NN1  central_JJ  province_NN  institution_NN  of_IO  bethma_&FW  has_VHZ  received_VBN  frequent_JJ  comment_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  arrangement_NN  whereby_CS the_AT1  shareholders_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  short_JJ  of_IO  water_NN  may_VM  agree_VV0  to_TO  cultivate_VV0  only_RR  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  field_NN  and_CC  then_RL  share_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  proceeds_NNS  among_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  procedure_NN  ,_,  as_CS  recently_RR  described_VBN  by_IO  Farmer_NP  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  *"_*'  
  the_AT1  village_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  admirable_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  known_VBN  as_IO  bethma_&FW  ,_,  under_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paddy_NN  field_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  cultivated_VBN  for_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  as_RG  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  tracts_NNS  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  irrigated_VBN  are_VBR  divided_VBN  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  their_APP$  ownership_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  in_IO  proportion_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  several_DA  holdings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  cultivated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  compact_JJ  block_NN  with_IO  minimum_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  water_NN  (_(  Farmer_NP  ,_,  1957_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  558_MC  )_)  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  reference_NN  to_IO  bethma_&FW  in_IO  this_DD1  form_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  administration_NN  documents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  1861-4_MC-MC  period_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  studied_VBN  these_DD2  entries_NNS  with_IO  care_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  unfortunately_RR  ambiguous_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  agent_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  imagined_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  system_NN  was_VBDZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  Farmer_NP  has_VHZ  described_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  on_IO  several_DA  occasions_NNS  records_VBZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  reluctant_JJ  villagers_NNS  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  bethma_&FW  division_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  probable_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  bethma_&FW  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  unintended_JJ  invention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  agent_NN  himself_PPX1  !_!  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  different_JJ  villages_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  work_VV0  bethma_&FW  in_IO  different_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  ascertaining_VBG  which_WDTI  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  ,_,  of_IO  these_DD2  methods_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  traditional_JJ  system_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  quite_RR  clear_JJ  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  method_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  much_RR  simpler_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  described_VBN  by_IO  Farmer_NP  .  
  furthermore_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  bethma_&FW  which_DDQ  provides_VBZ  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  justification_NN  for_IO  fragmenting_VBG  each_DD1  individual_JJ  holding_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  complicated_JJ  way_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  described_VBN  .  
  for_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  the_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  cultivate_VV0  rice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  Yala_&FW  (_(  April_NN1  /_IO  September_NN1  )_)  season_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  decide_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  either_LE  to_TO  cultivate_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  or_CC  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  only_RR  )_)  or_CC  just_RR  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  northern_JJ  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  only_RR  )_)  .  
  no_AT1  pooling_NN  of_IO  proceeds_NNS  or_CC  reallocation_NN  of_IO  holdings_NNS  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  since_CS  the_AT1  land_NN  is_VBZ  already_RR  divided_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  each_DD1  shareholder_NN  works_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_NN  or_CC  two-thirds_MC2  or_CC  one-third_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  total_JJ  holding_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  limited_JJ  experience_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  bethma_&FW  in_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  scheme_NN  described_VBN  by_IO  Ievers_NP  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  total_JJ  field_NN  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  tracts_NNS  (_(  pota_&FW  )_)  ,_,  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  facts_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  villages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  area_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  invariably_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  that_CS  every_AT1  strip_NN  or_CC  holding_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  tract_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  strip_NN  or_CC  holding_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  tract_NN  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  precise_JJ  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  is_VBZ  effected_VBN  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  this_DD1  fragmentation_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  holdings_NNS  is_VBZ  always_RR  directly_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  practices_NNS  regarding_IO  bethma_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  relative_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  different_JJ  tracts_NNS  (_(  pota_&FW  )_)  is_VBZ  such_DA  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  water_NN  is_VBZ  scarce_JJ  cultivation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  tract_NN  only_RR  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  upper_JB  tract_NN  divided_VBN  longitudinally_RR  ,_,  serves_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  bethma_&FW  .  
  Farmer's_PPIO2  description_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  implies_VBZ  that_CS  individual_JJ  Sinhalese_JJ  farmers_NNS  get_VV0  on_RP  so_RG  well_RR  together_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  readily_RR  agree_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  reallocation_NN  of_IO  land_NN  in_IO  times_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  scarcity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  only_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  does_VBZ  correspond_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  experience_NN  !_!  
  cultivation_NN  areas_NNS  .  
  before_IO  proceeding_VBG  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  note_VV0  one_MC1  further_JB  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tax_NN  lists_NNS  (_(  table_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1889_MC  and_CC  1890_MC  the_AT1  areas_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  individual_JJ  holding_NN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  seed_NN  quantities_NNS  (_(  \0P_NN  =_&FO  pa*?12la_&FW  ;_;  \0L_NN  =_&FO  la*?1ha_&FW  :_:  where_CS 1_MC  pa*?12la_&FW  =_&FO  10_MC  la*?1ha_&FW  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  1954_MC  plot_NN  list_NN  areas_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  acres_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  totals_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  are_VBR  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  nearly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ;_;  the_AT1  1889/90_MC  tax_NN  lists_NNS  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  sowing_NN  area_NN  of_IO  about_RR  48_MC  pa*?12la_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  1954_MC  returns_NNS  show_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  field_NN  as_CS  having_VHG  an_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  just_RR  short_RR  of_IO  48_MC  acres_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  figure_NN  exaggerates_VBZ  the_AT1  facts_NNS  by_IO  about_RR  50_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  coincidence_NN  of_IO  numbers_NNS  is_VBZ  no_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  the_AT1  administration's_NN1$  requirement_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Vel_NP  Vida*?1ne's_PPIO2  crop_NN  returns_NNS  should_VM  show_VV0  cultivation_NN  areas_NNS  in_IO  acres_NNS  rather_RR  than_CS  in_IO  seed_NN  quantity_NN  dates_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  century_NN  .  
  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  still_RR  reckon_VV0  land_NN  areas_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  seed_NN  sown_VBN  and_CC  have_VH0  no_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  converting_VBG  one_MC1  scale_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  in_IO  making_VBG  out_RP  his_APP$  annual_JJ  returns_NNS  the_AT1  Vel_NP  Vida*?1ne_NP  now_RL  works_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  rule_NN  of_IO  thumb_NN  .  
  sinakkara_&FW  land_NN  and_CC  badu_&FW  land_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  surveyed_VBN  by_IO  government_NN  officials_NNS  and_CC  hence_RR  the_AT1  true_JJ  acreage_NN  of_IO  such_DA  holdings_NNS  is_VBZ  known_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  entered_VBN  accordingly_RR  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  all_DB  that_PNQS is_VBZ  really_RR  known_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  20_MC  pangu_&FW  .  
  now_RL  when_CS the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  was_VBDZ  originally_RR  surveyed_VBN  in_IO  1900_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  field_NN  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  just_RR  over_RR  40_MC  acres_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  thus_RR  became_VVD  established_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP    1_MC  panguva_&FW    equals_VBZ    2_MC  acres_NNS    and_CC  this_DD1  tradition_NN  has_VHZ  stayed_VBN  .  
  today_NN1  when_CS working_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  allocation_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  obligations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  ra*?1jaka*?1riya_&FW  duty_NN  every_AT1  2_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  sinakkara_&FW  land_NN  and_CC  badu_&FW  land_NN  counts_NNS  as_IO  1_MC  panguva_&FW  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  argued_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  1954_MC  there_EX  were_VBDR  52_MC  pangu_&FW  in_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  20_MC  were_VBDR  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  pangu_&FW  and_CC  32_MC  were_VBDR  represented_VBN  by_IO  64_MC  acres_NNS  of_IO  sinakkara_&FW  and_CC  badu_&FW  land_NN  .  
  (_(  \0Cf_VV0  48_MC  pangu_&FW  (_(  table_NN  5_MC  )_)  plus_IO  plots_NNS  124_MC  ,_,  151-2_MC-MC  (_(  table_NN  6_MC  )_)  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  quite_RR  erroneous_JJ  acreages_NNS  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  1954_MC  plot_NN  list_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  plots_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  were_VBDR  arrived_VBN  at_IO  by_IO  reversing_VBG  this_DD1  argument_NN  .  
  every_AT1  6_MC  pangu_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  tract_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  field_NN  are_VBR  reckoned_VBN  as_IO  12_MC  acres_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  leaves_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  account_NN  both_DB2  the_AT1  elapata_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  field_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  field_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  Vel_NP  Vida*?1ne_NP  has_VHZ  completed_VBN  his_APP$  returns_NNS  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  show_VV0  an_AT1  acreage_NN  figure_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  plot_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  about_RR  20_MC  acres_NNS  too_RG  many_DA  .  
  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  village_NN  ,_,  like_IO  all_DB  other_DA  villages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  submitting_VBG  these_DD2  bogus_JJ  crop_NN  returns_NNS  annually_RR  ever_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  type_NN  of_IO  error_NN  has_VHZ  persisted_VBN  throughout_II  .  
  for_IO  Pul_NP  Eliya_NP  the_AT1  return_NN  for_IO    area_NN  cultivated_VBN    has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  less_DA  than_IO  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  excess_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  over_RR  50_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  excess_NN  .  
  parents'_NN2  expectations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  .  
  \0F_NP  Musgrove_NP  .  
  purpose_NN  and_CC  scope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  and_CC  June_NN1  1960_MC  a_AT1  survey_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  attitudes_NNS  to_IO  and_CC  expectations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  among_IO  parents_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  junior_JJ  schools_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  midland_NN  city_NN  .  
  children_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  age_NN  (_(  10_MC  and_CC  11_MC  years_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  chosen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  parental_JJ  interest_NN  and_CC  curiosity_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  their_APP$  height_NN  ,_,  and_CC  views_NNS  on_IO  education_NN  most_RG  fully_RR  developed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  immediately_RR  preceding_VBG  secondary_JJ  selection_NN  .  
  one_MC1  junior_JJ  school_NN  (_(  A_ZZ1  )_)  is_VBZ  situated_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  municipal_JJ  housing_NN  estate_NN  of_IO  subsidised_JJ  houses_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  two_MC  years_NNS  numbered_VVD  310_MC  .  
  the_AT1  school_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1    progressive_JJ    headmaster_NN  ;_;  teaching_NN  and_CC  school_NN  organisation_NN  are_VBR  informal_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  excessive_JJ  concentration_NN  on_IO  the_AT1    three_MC  R's_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  junior_JJ  school_NN  is_VBZ  smaller_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  104_MC  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  serves_VBZ  an_AT1  expensive_JJ  residential_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  owner-occupied_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  school_NN  favoured_VBN  by_IO  well-to-do_JJ  Anglican_JJ  parents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  far_RR  more_RG  formal_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  teaching_NN  and_CC  organisation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  places_VBZ  more_DA  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1    three_MC  R's_NNS    ,_,  than_IO  school_NN  A_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  chosen_VBN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  marked_JJ  social_JJ  contrast_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  areas_NNS  they_PPHS2  serve_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  random_JJ  sample_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  in_IO  four_MC  names_NNS  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  registers_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  interviewing_VBG  the_AT1  parents_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  homes_NN2  of_IO  26_MC  children_NNS  in_IO  school_NN  B_ZZ1  were_VBDR  approached_VBN  and_CC  interviews_NNS  were_VBDR  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  22_MC  ;_;  the_AT1  homes_NN2  of_IO  62_MC  children_NNS  in_IO  school_NN  A_ZZ1  were_VBDR  approached_VBN  and_CC  interviews_NNS  were_VBDR  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  50_MC  .  
  an_AT1  important_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  survey_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  separate_JJ  interviewing_NN  of_IO  husbands_NNS  and_CC  wives_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  (_(  area_NN  A_ZZ1  )_)  42_MC  couples_NNS  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  ,_,  five_MC  wives_NNS  whose_PNQV$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  either_LE  unavailable_JJ  or_CC  refused_VVD  interview_NN  ;_;  and_CC  three_MC  husbands_NNS  whose_PNQV$  wives_NNS  were_VBDR  either_LE  unavailable_JJ  or_CC  refused_VVD  interview_NN  .  
  thus_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  both_DB2  parents_NNS  of_IO  50_MC  children_NNS  (_(  22_MC  boys_NNS  and_CC  28_MC  girls_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN    47_MC  mothers_NNS  and_CC  45_MC  fathers_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  92_MC  parents_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle-class_JJ  district_NN  (_(  area_NN  B_ZZ1  )_)  18_MC  couples_NNS  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  four_MC  wives_NNS  whose_PNQV$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  available_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  both_DB2  parents_NNS  of_IO  22_MC  children_NNS  (_(  14_MC  boys_NNS  and_CC  8_MC  girls_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  :_:  18_MC  fathers_NNS  and_CC  22_MC  mothers_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  40_MC  parents_NNS  .  
  altogether_RR  132_MC  parents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  ,_,  representing_VBG  72_MC  children_NNS  (_(  36_MC  boys_NNS  and_CC  36_MC  girls_NNS  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  parents_NNS  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  were_VBDR  predominantly_RR  working_JJ  class_NN  :_:  47_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  50_MC  children_NNS  came_VVD  from_IO  homes_NN2  where_CS the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  household_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  Registrar-General's_NNSB2  occupational_JJ  classes_NNS  3-5_MC-MC  .  
  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  the_AT1  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  predominantly_RR  white-collar_JB  ,_,  professional_JJ  middle_JB  class_NN  :_:  19_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  22_MC  children_NNS  were_VBDR  from_IO  households_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  head_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  occupational_JJ  classes_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  table_NN  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  percentage_NN  distribution_NN  of_IO  occupational_JJ  classes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  (_(  1951_MC  census_NN  report_NN  )_)  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  overlap_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  groups_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  small_JJ  .  
  parents_NNS  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  were_VBDR  on_IO  average_NN  younger_JJ  than_IO  parents_NNS  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  the_AT1  average_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  family_NN  was_VBDZ  larger_JJ  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  than_CS  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  :_:  3.2_MC  and_CC  2.5_MC  children_NNS  respectively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  author_NN  was_VBDZ  assisted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  interviewing_NN  by_IO  14_MC  local_JJ  teachers_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  known_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  their_APP$  interest_NN  in_IO  problems_NNS  of_IO  educational_JJ  sociology_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS had_VHD  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  ,_,  previous_JJ  interviewing_NN  experience_NN  and_CC  training_NN  in_IO  field_NN  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  worked_VVD  throughout_II  under_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  who_PNQS designed_VVD  and_CC  directed_VVD  the_AT1  project_NN  .  
  six_MC  families_NNS  were_VBDR  randomly_RR  allocated_VBN  to_IO  each_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  team_NN  .  
  preliminary_JJ  meetings_NNS  were_VBDR  held_VBN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interviewing_NN  schedule_NN  ,_,  to_TO  clear_VV0  up_RP  any_DD  possible_JJ  ambiguities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  wording_NN  and_CC  purpose_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  item_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  standardize_VV0  procedure_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  recording_NN  of_IO  interviewees'_NN2  responses_NNS  .  
  all_DB  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  team_NN  were_VBDR  clear_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  record_VV0  as_RG  fully_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  all_DB  answers_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  given_VBN  and_CC  any_DD  additional_JJ  information_NN  or_CC  opinion_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  volunteered_VBN  :_:  that_CS  although_CS  some_DD  questions_NNS  might_VM  simply_RR  be_VB0  answered_VBN    yes_UH    or_CC    no_UH    or_CC    do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0    ,_,  any_DD  elaboration_NN  ,_,  qualifying_JJ  comment_NN  or_CC  reasons_NNS  given_VBN  should_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  noted_VBN  .  
  all_DB  interviewers_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  emphasize_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  were_VBDR  unofficial_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  answers_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  only_RR  entirely_RR  confidential_JJ  but_CCB  anonymous_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schedule_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  (_(  excluding_VBG    classificatory_JJ  questions_NNS    regarding_IO  age_NN  ,_,  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  ,_,  occupation_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  )_)  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  A_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  interviews_NNS  provided_VVD  evidence_NN  of_IO  parents'_NN2  expectations_NNS  on_IO  three_MC  scores_NNS  :_:  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  relating_VBG  to_IO  children's_NN2  behaviour_NN  ,_,  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  relating_VBG  to_IO  academic_JJ  and_CC  scholastic_JJ  training_NN  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  relating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  curriculum_NN  .  
  parents'_NN2  expectations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  behaviour_NN  training_NN  .  
  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  school_NN  or_CC  home_NN1  .  
  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  expected_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  their_APP$  child's_NN1$  behaviour_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  teach_VV0    school_NN  subjects_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS answered_VVD    yes_NC2    were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  state_VV0  what_DDQ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  they_PPHS2  expected_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  .  
  interviewers_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  full_JJ  recording_NN  of_IO  elaborations_NNS  and_CC  qualifications_NNS  to_IO  answers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  (_(  5a_MC  )_)  so_CS  that_CS  responses_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  classified_VBN  and_CC  placed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  five-point_JB  scale_NN  ranging_VBG  from_IO  strong_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  home's_NP1  responsibility_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  extreme_NN  to_IO  strong_JJ  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  following_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  five_MC  groups_NNS  into_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  answers_NNS  were_VBDR  sorted_VBN  :_:  
  1_MC  .  
  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  an_AT1  emphatic_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_IO  children's_NN2  behaviour_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,      certainly_RR  the_AT1  school_NN  should_VM  teach_VV0  children_NNS  how_CS to_TO  behave_VV0    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  school_NN  's_VBZ  for_IO    ;_;      definitely_RR  yes_UH    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  job_NN  to_TO  teach_VV0  manners_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .    
  2_MC  .  
  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  importance_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  parental_JJ  assistance_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,      the_AT1  school_NN  is_VBZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  behaviour_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  extent_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  entirely_RR    and_CC      the_AT1  school_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  responsibility_NN  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  parents_NNS  .    
  3_MC  .  
  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  equal_JJ  partnership_NN  between_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  school_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,      fifty-fifty_MC  partnership_NN    ;_;      home_NN1  and_CC  school_NN  should_VM  share_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  equally_RR    ;_;      home_NN1  and_CC  school_NN  complementary_JJ    and_CC      school's_NN1$  job_NN  in_IO  school_NN  hours_NNS  ,_,  parents'_NN2  job_NN  otherwise_RR    .  
  4_MC  .  
  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  home's_NP1  responsibility_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  some_DD  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,      it_PPH1  's_VBZ  mainly_RR  the_AT1  parents'_NN2  responsibility_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  school_NN  should_VM  help_VV0    and_CC  ,_,      to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN    but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  parents_NNS    .  
  5_MC  .  
  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  placed_VVD  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  for_IO  behaviour_NN  emphatically_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  (_(  requiring_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  undermine_VV0  parental_JJ  influence_NN  )_)  ,_,  \0e.g_RR      it_PPH1  is_VBZ  definitely_RR  the_AT1  parents'_NN2  job_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  behaviour_NN    ;_;      definitely_RR  no_UH  :_:  the_AT1  school_NN  can_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  everything_PN1  and_CC  should_VM  stick_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  job_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  teaching_VBG    subjects_NNS    ;_;  and_CC      teachers_NNS  should_VM  teach_VV0    behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  parents'_NN2  responsibility_NN    .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  were_VBDR  sharply_RR  distinguished_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  answers_NNS  :_:  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  ,_,  27.7_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  gave_VVD  answers_NNS  which_DDQ  fell_VVD  into_IO  categories_NNS  3_MC  ,_,  4_MC  or_CC  5_MC  ,_,  whereas_CS  57.5_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  did_VDD  so_PN1  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  parents_NNS  in_IO  either_LE  area_NN  who_PNQS stressed_VVD  the_AT1  home's_NP1  responsibility_NN  for_IO  behaviour_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  fewer_DA  children_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  :_:  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  ,_,  20_MC  parents_NNS  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  home's_NP1  responsibility_NN  as_IO  against_II  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  and_CC  their_APP$  average_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  was_VBDZ  3.1_MC  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  average_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  was_VBDZ  3.2_MC  ;_;  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  23_MC  parents_NNS  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  their_APP$  average_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  was_VBDZ  2.5_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  families_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  working_JJ  wives_NNS  in_IO  either_LE  area_NN  to_TO  stress_VV0  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  responsibility_NN  more_RRR  than_IO  non-working_JJ  wives_NNS  .  
  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  ,_,  75_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  mothers_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  full-time_JB  or_CC  part-time_JB  work_NN  ,_,  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  14_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  were_VBDR  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  twenty-five_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  mothers_NNS  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  who_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  at_IO  work_NN  (_(  4_MC  out_RP  of_IO  12_MC  )_)  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  home's_NP1  responsibility_NN  (_(  categories_NNS  3_MC  ,_,  4_MC  or_CC  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  so_PN1  did_VDD  22.8_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  (_(  8_MC  out_RP  of_IO  35_MC  )_)  of_IO  mothers_NNS  who_PNQS went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  all_DB  three_MC  working_JJ  mothers_NNS  stressed_VVD  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  as_IO  against_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  58_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  (_(  11_MC  out_RP  of_IO  19_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  non-working_JJ  mothers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  expectations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  reflects_VBZ  their_APP$  different_JJ  social_JJ  class_NN  composition_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  same_DA  social_JJ  levels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  are_VBR  compared_VBN  the_AT1  differences_NNS  disappear_VV0  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  social_JJ  groups_NNS  large_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  comparison_NN  ,_,  occupational_JJ  classes_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  are_VBR  combined_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1    middle_JB  class_NN    and_CC  occupational_JJ  classes_NNS  3_MC  ,_,  4_MC  and_CC  5_MC  to_TO  form_VV0  the_AT1    working_JJ  class_NN    .  
  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  ,_,  three_MC  out_RP  of_IO  five_MC  middle-class_JJ  parents_NNS  placed_VVD  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  22_MC  out_RP  of_IO  34_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  significant_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  class_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  17_MC  working-class_JJ  parents_NNS  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  70_MC  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  contrasted_JJ  area_NN  one_MC1  working-class_JJ  parent_NN  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  five_MC  the_AT1  school_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  significant_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  working_JJ  class_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  highly_RR  significant_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  areas_NNS  when_CS social_JJ  class_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  held_VBN  constant_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  20_MC  parents_NNS  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  72_MC  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  in_IO  area_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  23_MC  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  home_NN1  and_CC  17_MC  the_AT1  school_NN  .  
  although_CS  in_IO  working-class_JJ  area_NN  A_ZZ1  a_AT1  far_RR  higher_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  parents_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  middle-class_JJ  area_NN  B_ZZ1  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  responsibility_NN  for_IO  behaviour-training_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  far_RR  higher_JJ  proportion_NN  claimed_VVD  explicitly_RR  to_TO  direct_VV0  or_CC  influence_VV0  their_APP$  children's_NN2  behaviour_NN  in_IO  three_MC  main_JB  directions_NNS  :_:  towards_IO  their_APP$  teachers_NNS  ,_,  towards_IO  their_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  their_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  and_CC  associates_NNS  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  claims_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  explicit_JJ  direction_NN  and_CC  guidance_NN  on_IO  behaviour_NN  were_VBDR  significantly_RR  greater_JJ  in_IO  working-class_JJ  area_NN  A_ZZ1  than_CS  in_IO  middle-class_JJ  area_NN  B_ZZ1  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  area_NN  188_MC  claims_NNS  (_(  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  276_MC  )_)  were_VBDR  made_VBN  on_IO  three_MC  criteria_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  only_RR  53_MC  (_(  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  possible_JJ  120_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  areas_NNS  is_VBZ  significant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  0.001_MC  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  this_DD1  marked_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  areas_NNS  was_VBDZ  apparent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  answers_NNS  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  respondents_NNS  :_:  parents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle-class_JJ  area_NN  were_VBDR  sufficiently_RR  confident_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  children's_NN2  behaviour_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  instruct_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  their_APP$  relationship_NN  with_IO  teachers_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  sufficient_JJ  confidence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  locality_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  their_APP$  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  from_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  answers_NNS  given_VBN  to_IO  questions_NNS  7a_MC  and_CC  7c_MC  .  
  the_AT1  interviewees_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  asked_VBN  why_CS they_PPHS2  did_VDD  or_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  advise_VV0  their_APP$  children_NNS  about_IO  whom_WPOI  to_TO  play_VV0  with_IO  or_CC  whom_WPOI  to_TO  avoid_VV0  :_:  the_AT1  question_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  answered_VBN  simply_RR    yes_NC2    or_CC    no_NC2    ,_,  yet_CF  one-third_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  parents_NNS  who_PNQS said_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  tell_VV0  their_APP$  children_NNS  how_CS to_TO  behave_VV0  with_IO  other_DA  children_NNS  volunteered_VVD  the_AT1  explanation_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ    unnecessary_JJ    and_CC  a_AT1  similar_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS said_VVD  they_PPHS2  never_RR  told_VVD  their_APP$  children_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  play_VV0  with_IO  certain_JJ  other_DA  children_NNS  elaborated_VVD  their_APP$  answer_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  in_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  and/or_CC  district_NN  :_:      no_UH  :_:  the_AT1  children_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  are_VBR  nice_JJ  children_NNS    and_CC      no_UH  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  unnecessary_JJ  around_IO  here_RL    .  
  the_AT1  marked_JJ  difference_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  between_IO  directing_JJ  and_CC  non-directing_JJ  parents_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  area_NN  and_CC  not_XX  of_IO  social_JJ  class_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  tendency_NN  among_IO  parents_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  to_TO  direct_VV0  behaviour_NN  reflects_VBZ  their_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  confidence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  contacts_NNS  available_JJ  to_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  behaviour_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  school_NN  should_VM  encourage_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  emphasis_NN  in_IO  working-class_JJ  area_NN  A_ZZ1  on_IO  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  responsibility_NN  for_IO  behaviour-training_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  necessarily_RR  reflect_VV0  a_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  concern_NN  for_IO  parental_JJ  duties_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  school_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  given_VBN  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  directing_VBG  behaviour_NN  because_CS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  felt_VBN  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  school_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  this_DD1  effectively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  often_RR  volunteered_VBN  for_IO  assigning_VBG  so_RG  much_DA  responsibility_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  children_NNS  would_VM    take_VV0  more_DA  notice_NN  of_IO  teachers_NNS    than_CS  of_IO  parents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  anxiety_NN  over_IO  children's_NN2  disobedience_NN  towards_IO  parents_NNS  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  answers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  :_:  
    what_DDQ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  expect_VV0  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  in_IO  your_APP$  child_NN  .    
  parents_NNS  who_PNQS expected_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  behaviour_NN  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  particularize_VV0  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  77_MC  parents_NNS  in_IO  area_NN  A_ZZ1  who_PNQS gave_VVD  such_DA  particulars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  attitudes_NNS  ,_,  virtues_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  qualities_NNS  of_IO  personality_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wished_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  ,_,  70_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  showed_VVD  a_AT1  concern_NN  for_IO  various_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  unruly_JJ  or_CC  anti-social_JJ  behaviour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  population_NN  of_IO  about_RR  13,000_MC  people_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  live_VV0  in_IO  scattered_JJ  farms_NNS  ,_,  hamlets_NNS  and_CC  villages_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  also_RR  two_MC  small_JJ  market_NN  towns_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  with_IO  about_RR  1,500_MC  inhabitants_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  detailed_JJ  enquiries_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  towns_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  three_MC  adjoining_JJ  rural_JJ  parishes_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  live_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  family_NN  .  
  a_AT1  certain_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  informants_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  private_JJ  census_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  Vale_NNL1  population_NN  ,_,  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  1960_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  provided_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  basic_JJ  information_NN  about_IO  each_DD1  individual_JJ  inhabitant_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  household_NN  .  
  although_CS  a_AT1  rural_JJ  and_CC  predominantly_RR  agricultural_JJ  area_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  is_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  12_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  major_JJ  industrial_JJ  and_CC  urban_JJ  centres_NNS  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  work_VV0  outside_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  travel_VV0  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  each_DD1  day_NN  to_RP  earn_VV0  their_APP$  livings_NNS  in_IO  adjacent_JJ  urban_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  most_DA  Vale_NNL1  people_NNS  also_RR  have_VH0  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  with_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  areas_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  south_NN1  Wales_NP  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  maintain_VV0  effective_JJ  social_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  larger_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  Vale_NNL1  people_NNS  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  urban_JJ  areas_NNS  nevertheless_RR  visit_VV0  them_PPHO1  fairly_RR  regularly_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  friends_NNS  and_CC  relatives_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  there_RL  or_CC  who_PNQS are_VBR  in_IO  hospital_NN  there_RL  ,_,  to_TO  shop_VV0  or_CC  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  such_DA  recreational_JJ  purposes_NNS  as_CS  to_TO  attend_VV0  football_NN  matches_NNS  and_CC  greyhound_NN  races_NNS  .  
  about_RR  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  consists_VBZ  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  born_VBN  outside_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  have_VH0  lived_VBN  in_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  less_DA  than_IO  15_MC  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  such_DA  comparative_JJ  newcomers_NNS  were_VBDR  born_VBN  in_IO  other_DA  parts_NNS  of_IO  south_NN1  Wales_NP  ,_,  mostly_RR  in_IO  places_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  counties_NNS  of_IO  Glamorgan_NP  and_CC  Monmouthshire_NP  which_DDQ  lie_VV0  within_IO  25_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  borders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  have_VH0  close_JJ  relatives_NNS  still_RR  living_VBG  at_IO  their_APP$  places_NNS  of_IO  birth_NN  or_CC  previous_JJ  residence_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  maintain_VV0  frequent_JJ  and_CC  intimate_JJ  contact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  sources_NNS  of_IO  employment_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  Vale_NNL1  people_NNS  who_PNQS earn_VV0  their_APP$  livings_NNS  within_IO  its_APP$  borders_NNS  are_VBR  agriculture_NN  and_CC  forestry_NN  ,_,  stone_NN  quarries_NNS  and_CC  cement_NN  works_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  building_NN  industry_NN  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  are_VBR  employed_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  capacities_NNS  by_IO  public_JJ  bodies_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  county_NN  and_CC  rural_JJ  district_NN  councils_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fire_NN  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  local_JJ  electricity_NN  and_CC  water_NN  undertakings_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  large_JJ  royal_JJ  air_NN  force_NN  station_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  which_DDQ  provides_VBZ  employment_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  locally_RR  resident_JJ  civilians_NNS  .  
  further_JB  sources_NNS  of_IO  employment_NN  are_VBR  public_JJ  and_CC  private_JJ  transport_NN  and_CC  communication_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  distributive_JJ  trades_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  industrial_JJ  concerns_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  Vale_NNL1  market_NN  towns_NNS  ,_,  among_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  an_AT1  asbestos_NN  factory_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  printing_NN  works_NN  and_CC  three_MC  firms_NNS  of_IO  agricultural_JJ  engineers_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  concerning_IO  kinship_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  standard_JJ  anthropological_JJ  procedures_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  genealogies_NNS  ,_,  unstructured_JJ  interviews_NNS  with_IO  individual_JJ  informants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  participant_NN  observation_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  data_NNS  on_IO  particular_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  kinship_NN  behaviour_NN  were_VBDR  provided_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attitudes_NNS  to_IO  mental_JJ  disorder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relatives_NNS  of_IO  psychiatric_JJ  patients_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  also_RR  had_VHN  access_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  wealth_NN  of_IO  documentary_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  unpublished_JJ  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  increasing_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  direct_JJ  observation_NN  to_TO  supplement_VV0  verbal_JJ  information_NN  .  
  participation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  and_CC  growing_JJ  familiarity_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  kinship_NN  connections_NNS  made_VVD  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  observe_VV0  social_JJ  relations_NNS  between_IO  kin_NNS  taking_VBG  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  contexts_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  compare_VV0  behaviour_NN  between_IO  kin_NNS  with_IO  behaviour_NN  between_IO  non-kin_NN  in_IO  similar_JJ  situations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  collecting_VBG  material_NN  from_IO  informants_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  tried_VBN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  to_TO  relate_VV0  statements_NNS  regarding_IO  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  individuals_NNS  concerned_VBN  rather_RR  than_CS  to_IO  married_JJ  couples_NNS  ,_,  elementary_JJ  families_NNS  or_CC  households_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  situation_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  as_RG  easy_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  .  
  data_NNS  on_IO  kinship_NN  are_VBR  often_RR  obtained_VBN  from_IO  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  informants_NNS  simultaneously_RR  .  
  the_AT1  discussions_NNS  and_CC  arguments_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  which_DDQ  such_DA  inquiries_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  provoke_VV0  often_RR  compensate_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  resultant_JJ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  comparing_VBG  knowledge_NN  of_IO  kin_NNS  and_CC  quality_NN  of_IO  relationship_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  revealed_VBN  by_IO  individual_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  domestic_JJ  unit_NN  .  
  this_DD1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  kinship_NN  universe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  domestic_JJ  unit_NN  arose_VVD  from_IO  certain_JJ  apparent_JJ  differences_NNS  between_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  ,_,  between_IO  spouses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  between_IO  parents_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  in_IO  degree_NN  of_IO  recognition_NN  of_IO  extra-familial_JJ  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  their_APP$  functions_NNS  in_IO  various_JJ  contexts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  also_RR  attempted_VBN  to_TO  collect_VV0  material_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  interconnectedness_NN  of_IO  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  by_IO  interviewing_VBG  and_CC  observing_VBG  different_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  kinship_NN  universe_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  informants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  seem_VV0  often_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  directly_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  degree_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  individual's_NN1$  kinship_NN  network_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  Bott_NP  describes_VBZ  as_CS    close-knit_JJ    ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  relationships_NNS  ,_,  independent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  among_IO  the_AT1  component_NN  units_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  kin_NNS  universe_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA    families_NNS    there_EX  is_VBZ  generally_RR  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  person_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  acknowledged_VBN  by_IO  most_DA  other_DA  family_NN  members_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  expert_NN  on_IO  genealogical_JJ  connections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  recognized_JJ  experts_NNS  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  common_JJ  among_IO    families_NNS    long_RR  settled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  other_DA  members_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  tend_VV0  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  details_NNS  of_IO  genealogical_JJ  connections_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  refer_VV0  the_AT1  investigator_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS approached_VBN  for_IO  kinship_NN  information_NN  .  
  Firth_NP  refers_VBZ  to_IO  such_DA  experts_NNS  as_IO  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  ,_,    relatives_NNS  who_PNQS act_VV0  as_IO  linking_JJ  points_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  kinship_NN  structure_NN    and_CC  who_PNQS   hold_VV0  more_DA  threads_NNS  of_IO  genealogical_JJ  connections_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  than_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR    .  
  I_PPIS1  prefer_VV0  to_TO  differentiate_VV0  between_IO  experts_NNS  and_CC  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  reserve_VV0  the_AT1  latter_DA  term_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  individuals_NNS  who_PNQS act_VV0  as_IO  connecting_JJ  relatives_NNS  ,_,  irrespective_IO  of_II  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  also_RR  experts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  as_IO  connecting_JJ  links_NNS  is_VBZ  usually_RR  greater_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  also_RR  experts_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  often_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  but_CCB  many_DA  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  are_VBR  elderly_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  know_VV0  less_DA  about_IO  kinship_NN  connections_NNS  than_IO  their_APP$  daughters_NNS  or_CC  nieces_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  found_VBN  that_CS  individuals_NNS  remain_VV0  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  after_IO  their_APP$  death_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  do_VD0  their_APP$  graves_NNS  sometimes_RR  form_VV0  the_AT1  pivot_NN  round_IO  which_DDQ  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  tenuously_RR  revolve_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  dead_JJ  are_VBR  often_RR  used_VBN  by_IO  living_JJ  informants_NNS  as_IO  foci_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  genealogical_JJ  connections_NNS  stem_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  when_CS the_AT1  dead_JJ  person_NN  lived_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  age_NN  or_CC  had_VHD  high_JJ  prestige_NN  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  among_IO  his_APP$  kindred_NN  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  .  
  most_DA  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  also_RR  experts_NNS  are_VBR  elderly_JJ  women_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  from_IO  their_APP$  personal_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  dead_JJ  kin_NNS  of_IO  previous_JJ  generations_NNS  ,_,  maintain_VV0  links_NNS  of_IO  information_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  contact_NN  between_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  their_APP$  siblings'_NN2  descendants_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  descendants_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  parents'_NN2  and_CC  grandparents'_NN2  siblings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  theory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  such_DA  women_NNS  carry_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  kinship_NN  knowledge_NN  of_IO  six_MC  generations_NNS  depth_NN  and_CC  extending_VBG  laterally_RR  among_IO  consanguineal_JJ  kin_NNS  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  grandchildren_NN  of_IO  second_MD  cousins_NNS  .  
  when_CS economic_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  social_JJ  factors_NNS  reinforce_VV0  relatively_RR  remote_JJ  kinship_NN  connections_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  lateral_JJ  extension_NN  among_IO  consanguineal_JJ  kin_NNS  may_VM  go_VV0  further_RRR  :_:  the_AT1  grandchildren_NN  of_IO  pivotal_JJ  kin_NNS  may_VM  recognize_VV0  as_IO  cousins_NNS  of_IO  unspecified_JJ  degree_NN  the_AT1  descendants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pivotal_JJ  kin's_NN1$  second_MD  or_CC  third_MD  cousins_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  factors_NNS  often_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  knowledge_NN  of_IO  ,_,  and_CC  contact_NN  with_IO  ,_,  affines_NNS  being_VBG  very_RG  extensive_JJ  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  individuals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  who_PNQS are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  identify_VV0  between_IO  200_MC  and_CC  500_MC  living_JJ  and_CC  dead_JJ  relatives_NNS  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  can_VM  provide_VV0  at_RR  least_RR  such_DA  information_NN  as_IO  sex_NN  ,_,  marital_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  place_NN  of_IO  residence_NN  and_CC  occupation_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  individuals_NNS  are_VBR  people_NNS  long_RR  settled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  people_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  main_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  born_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  and_CC  one_MC1  or_CC  both_DB2  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  parents_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  whose_PNQV$  grandparents_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  also_RR  born_VBN  there_RL  .  
  by_IO  contrast_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  individuals_NNS  who_PNQS show_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  much_RR  more_RG  restricted_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  kin_NNS  recognition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  about_RR  50_MC  relatives_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  these_DD2  individuals_NNS  have_VH0  always_RR  lived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  relatively_RR  recent_JJ  immigrants_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  adults_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  born_VBN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  ,_,  often_RR  in_IO  urban_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS have_VH0  only_RR  moved_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  since_IO  1945_MC  .  
  in_IO  both_DB2  instances_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  great_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  kinship_NN  universe_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rare_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  generations_NNS  over_IO  which_DDQ  kin_NNS  are_VBR  recognized_VBN  to_TO  exceed_VV0  seven_MC  or_CC  to_TO  be_VB0  less_DA  than_IO  four_MC  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  kin_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  an_AT1  individual_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  periodic_JJ  contact_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  vary_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kinship_NN  universe_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  kin_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  an_AT1  individual_NN  has_VHZ  frequent_JJ  and_CC  intimate_JJ  contact_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  little_RR  different_JJ  for_IO  those_DD2  with_IO  large_JJ  kinship_NN  networks_NNS  from_IO  those_DD2  with_IO  small_JJ  .  
  degree_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  mobility_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  interdependent_JJ  social_JJ  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  act_VV0  directly_RR  or_CC  indirectly_RR  to_TO  influence_VV0  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual's_NN1$  kinship_NN  universe_NN  .  
  these_DD2  factors_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  contact_NN  the_AT1  individual_NN  has_VHZ  with_IO  his_APP$  extra-familial_JJ  kin_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  differentiations_NNS  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  among_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  are_VBR  occupation_NN  ,_,  economic_JJ  resources_NNS  ,_,  ownership_NN  of_IO  property_NN  and_CC  degree_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  mobility_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  religious_JJ  affiliations_NNS  and_CC  level_NN  of_IO  education_NN  also_RR  seem_VV0  significant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  decisions_NNS  which_DDQ  an_AT1  individual_JJ  makes_VBZ  in_IO  choosing_VBG  how_CS far_RR  to_TO  observe_VV0  or_CC  disregard_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  circumstances_NNS  the_AT1  sentiments_NNS  ,_,  obligations_NNS  and_CC  expectations_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  recognition_NN  of_IO  extra-familial_JJ  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  interplay_NN  of_IO  such_DA  factors_NNS  as_IO  these_DD2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  within_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  that_CS  idiosyncratic_JJ  preferences_NNS  operate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  factors_NNS  also_RR  tend_VV0  to_TO  affect_VV0  the_AT1  degree_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  marriages_NNS  reinforce_VV0  already_RR  existing_JJ  ties_NNS  of_IO  kinship_NN  and_CC  affinity_NN  and_CC  ,_,  among_IO  certain_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scarcely_RR  less_RG  significant_JJ  ties_NNS  between_IO  kith_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  between_IO  friends_NNS  and_CC  neighbours_NNS  of_IO  approximately_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  perceived_JJ  social_JJ  status_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  kith_NNS  may_VM  particular_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  very_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  to_TO  disentangle_VV0  the_AT1  kinship_NN  network_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wider_JJ  social_JJ  network_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  forms_VBZ  a_AT1  part_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  clearly_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  farmers_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  families_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  occupations_NNS  are_VBR  largely_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  agriculture_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS come_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  local_JJ  farming_JJ  stock_NN  ,_,  form_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  significant_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  Vale_NNL1  society_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  factors_NNS  mentioned_VBN  earlier_RRR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  and_CC  functions_NNS  of_IO  extra-familial_JJ  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  .  
  among_IO  farmers_NNS  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  mobility_NN  is_VBZ  relatively_RR  low_JJ  .  
  although_CS  most_DA  farmers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Vale_NNL1  are_VBR  tenants_NNS  ,_,  holdings_NNS  relatively_RR  rarely_RR  become_VV0  vacant_JJ  other_DA  than_CS  through_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  or_CC  retirement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  policy_NN  among_IO  landowners_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  agents_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  preference_NN  among_IO  applicants_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  tenancy_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  sons_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  tenant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  vast_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  farmers_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  sons_NNS  and_CC  grandsons_NNS  of_IO  farmers_NNS  and_CC  most_DA  farmers'_NN2  wives_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  daughters_NNS  of_IO  farmers_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  children_NNS  of_IO  farmers_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  socially_RR  mobile_JJ  tend_VV0  to_TO  maintain_VV0  close_JJ  links_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  relatives_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  still_RR  farming_VBG  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  interconnectedness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  kinship_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  networks_NNS  of_IO  farmers_NNS  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  considerable_JJ  variation_NN  between_IO  individual_JJ  farmers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  recognition_NN  of_IO  extra-familial_JJ  kin_NNS  ties_NNS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individuals_NNS  concerned_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  development_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  life-cycle_NN  reached_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  elementary_JJ  family_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  belong_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  social_JJ  context_NN  of_IO  contacts_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  almost_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  whether_CS  social_JJ  relations_NNS  between_IO  individuals_NNS  in_IO  particular_JJ  instances_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  classified_VBN  as_CS  taking_VBG  place_NN  between_IO  kin_NNS  or_CC  between_IO  non-kin_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  reticent_JJ  users_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  simply_RR  ,_,  as_CS  described_VBN  above_II  ,_,  to_TO  state_VV0  the_AT1  methods_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ever_RR  used_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  stage_NN  in_IO  family_NN  building_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  started_VVD  these_DD2  practices_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  asked_VBN  for_IO  further_JB  details_NNS  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  original_JJ  reluctance_NN  to_TO  admit_VV0  to_IO  practice_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  attempt_NN  to_TO  elicit_VV0  contraceptive_JJ  histories_NNS  ,_,  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  directed_VBN  towards_IO  minimising_VBG  any_DD  embarrassment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  questions_NNS  were_VBDR  put_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  questionnaire_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  interviewer_NN  to_TO  gain_VV0  the_AT1  informant's_NN1$  confidence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  contraceptives_NNS  included_VVD  both_DB2  medical_JJ  and_CC  colloquial_JJ  names_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  contraceptive_JJ  methods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  card_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  numbered_JJ  list_NN  prevented_VVD  the_AT1  informant_NN  from_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  methods_NNS  by_IO  name_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  interviewers_NNS  found_VVD  little_DA  difficulty_NN  with_IO  these_DD2  birth_NN  control_NN  questions_NNS  ;_;  reports_NNS  from_IO  supervisors_NNS  suggest_VV0  that_CS  once_CS  an_AT1  informant_NN  had_VHD  embarked_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  questionnaire_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  or_CC  she_PPHO1  co-operated_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  only_RR  17_MC  refused_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ever_RR  practised_VBN  any_DD  form_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  20_MC  informants_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  found_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  some_DD  action_NN  to_TO  control_VV0  conception_NN  ,_,  refused_VVD  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  methods_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  used_VBN  ;_;  one_MC1  commented_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  private_JJ  matter_NN  and_CC  would_VM  rather_RR  not_XX  discuss_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  this_DD1  bears_VBZ  out_RP  the_AT1  American_JJ  study_NN  experience_NN  :_:  only_RR  10_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  2,713_MC  wives_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  were_VBDR  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  questions_NNS  about_IO  their_APP$  attempts_NNS  to_TO  avoid_VV0  conception_NN  ;_;  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  refusal_NN  rate_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  questions_NNS  about_IO  income_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  usual_JJ  refusal_NN  rate_NN  for_IO  income_NN  questions_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  sample_NN  surveys_NNS  .  
  despite_IO  the_AT1  apparent_JJ  ease_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interview_NN  situation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  low_JJ  refusal_NN  rate_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  birth_NN  control_NN  questions_NNS  ,_,  possibilities_NNS  for_IO  error_NN  and_CC  reticence_NN  exist_VV0  .  
  as_CS  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  1_MC  of_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  ,_,  nearly_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  informants_NNS  were_VBDR  interviewed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  relatives_NNS  ,_,  friends_NNS  or_CC  children_NNS  ;_;  although_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  seriously_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  response_NN  to_IO  questions_NNS  on_IO  contraceptive_JJ  practice_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  may_VM  occasionally_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  inhibiting_JJ  factor_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  informants_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  required_VBN  to_TO  mention_VV0  methods_NNS  by_IO  name_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  informants_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  terms_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  card_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  contraceptives_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  incorrect_JJ  answers_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  by_IO  a_DA  few_DA  who_PNQS only_RR  knew_VVD  a_AT1  different_JJ  colloquial_JJ  name_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  used_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  analysis_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  a_AT1  large_JJ  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  informants_NNS  only_RR  ever_RR  used_VVD  one_MC1  contraceptive_JJ  method_NN  or_CC  group_NN  of_IO  methods_NNS  simultaneously_RR  ;_;  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  informants_NNS  ,_,  weary_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  interview_NN  ,_,  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  trouble_NN  to_TO  outline_VV0  their_APP$  whole_JJ  contraceptive_JJ  history_NN  and_CC  only_RR  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  method_NN  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  .  
  lastly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  interviewers_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  skilled_JJ  and_CC  experienced_JJ  at_IO  questioning_VBG  diverse_JJ  people_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  topics_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  not_XX  specifically_RR  trained_VBN  as_CS  those_DD2  engaged_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Lewis-Faning_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  American_JJ  study_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  almost_RR  clinical_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inquiry_NN  .  
  differential_JJ  response_NN  by_IO  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  informants_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  above_JJ  may_VM  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  surprising_JJ  finding_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  every_AT1  cohort_NN  and_CC  social_JJ  class_NN  ,_,  birth_NN  control_NN  practice_NN  was_VBDZ  mentioned_VBN  more_RG  often_RR  by_IO  men_NNS  than_CS  by_IO  women_NNS  .  
  some_DD  74_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  male_JJ  informants_NNS  married_VBN  since_IO  1930_MC  reported_VVD  practising_VBG  contraception_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  first_MD  marriages_NNS  against_IO  only_RR  65.1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  female_JJ  informants_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  designed_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  \0p_NN  122_MC  )_)  to_TO  obtain_VV0  each_DD1  couple's_NN1$  contraceptive_JJ  practice_NN  and_CC  not_XX  just_RR  the_AT1  action_NN  taken_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  informants_NNS  alone_RR  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  similar_JJ  results_NNS  were_VBDR  anticipated_VBN  from_IO  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  informants_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  naive_JJ  expectation_NN  ,_,  since_CS  psycho-sexual_JJ  factors_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  culture_NN  may_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  inhibit_VV0  women_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  and_CC  possibly_RR  in_IO  turn_NN  lead_VV0  men_NNS  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  to_TO  overstate_VV0  their_APP$  practices_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  complete_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  differential_JJ  sexual_JJ  response_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  impossible_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  clearer_JJ  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  questioning_VBG  suggests_VBZ  some_DD  explanation_NN  and_CC  makes_VBZ  possible_JJ  an_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  finding_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  on_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  questioning_VBG  on_IO  family_NN  planning_NN  opened_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  inquiry_NN  about_IO  attitudes_NNS  .  
  \0Q_NN  182a_MC  :_:  
    many_DA  married_JJ  couples_NNS  do_VD0  something_PN1  to_TO  limit_VV0  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  families_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  control_VV0  when_CS their_APP$  children_NNS  come_VV0  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  feel_VV0  about_IO  this_DD1  .    
  replies_NNS  showed_VVD  that_CS  male_JJ  informants_NNS  married_VBN  since_IO  1930_MC  fully_RR  approved_VVD  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  more_RG  frequently_RR  than_IO  female_JJ  informants_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  all_DB  68.9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  against_IO  63.9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  differences_NNS  were_VBDR  especially_RR  marked_JJ  amongst_IO  those_DD2  married_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  1940s_MC2  ,_,  where_CS 72.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  men_NNS  approved_VVD  against_IO  only_RR  60.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  women_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  questioning_NN  on_IO  personal_JJ  attitudes_NNS  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  enquiries_NNS  about_IO  practice_NN  described_VBN  above_II  .  
  response_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  question_NN  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  main_JB  sex_NN  differential_NN  ;_;  57.5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  male_JJ  informants_NNS  married_VBN  since_IO  1930_MC  answered_VVD  positively_RR  (_(  in_IO  our_APP$  terminology_NN  declared_VVD  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  be_VB0  avowed_JJ  users_NNS  )_)  as_IO  against_II  47.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  female_JJ  informants_NNS  ;_;  this_DD1  differential_NN  operated_VVD  in_IO  all_DB  cohorts_NNS  and_CC  classes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  with_IO  the_AT1  attitude_NN  question_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  more_RG  marked_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  1940-49_MC-MC  cohort_NN  (_(  62.1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  male_JJ  informants_NNS  to_IO  46.1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  female_JJ  informants_NNS  )_)  and_CC  particularly_RR  amongst_IO  the_AT1  skilled_JJ  manual_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  manual_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  cohort_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  when_CS informants_NNS  had_VHD  declared_VBN  their_APP$  use_NN  of_IO  contraception_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  the_AT1  methods_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  used_VBN  and_CC  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  the_AT1  full_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  appliance_NN  and_CC  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  the_AT1  same_DA  proportion_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  sex_NN  reported_VVD  using_VBG  only_RR  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  including_IO  withdrawal_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  female_JJ  informants_NNS  reported_VVD  less_DA  use_NN  of_IO  appliance_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  closer_JJ  examination_NN  revealed_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  as_RG  many_DA  female_JJ  informants_NNS  as_IO  male_JJ  informants_NNS  had_VHD  reported_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cap_NN  ;_;  hence_RR  the_AT1  difference_NN  lay_VVD  essentially_RR  in_IO  reports_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sheath_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  expected_VBN  the_AT1  difference_NN  to_TO  lie_VV0  in_IO  reports_NNS  of_IO    male_JJ    methods_NNS  since_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  female_JJ  informants_NNS  who_PNQS disapproved_VVD  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  might_VM  quite_RR  reasonably_RR  have_VH0  denied_VBN  practice_NN  if_CS  their_APP$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  particularly_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  request_NN  for_IO  information_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  couple's_NN1$  methods_NNS  was_VBDZ  not_XX  specifically_RR  repeated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  wording_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  on_IO  methods_NNS  used_VBN  (_(  \0Q_NN  188_MC  )_)  ;_;  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  this_DD1  difference_NN  would_VM  show_VV0  up_RP  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  reporting_VBG  withdrawal_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  cohorts_NNS  as_RG  many_DA  women_NNS  as_IO  men_NNS  married_VBN  since_IO  1930_MC  had_VHD  ,_,  by_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  questioning_NN  ,_,  reported_VBN  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  withdrawal_NN  .  
  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Freedman_NP  and_CC  Whelpton_NP  mention_VV0  this_DD1  possibility_NN  ,_,  women_NNS  responded_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  positive_JJ  suggestion_NN  of_IO    husband_NN  is_VBZ  careful_JJ  ,_,  withdraws_VBZ    and_CC  some_DD  reported_VVD  this_DD1  method_NN  when_CS in_IO  fact_NN  their_APP$    careful_JJ    husbands_NNS  had_VHD  used_VBN  the_AT1  sheath_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  from_IO  \0p_NN  123_MC  (_(  \0Q_NN  186_MC  )_)  that_CS  all_DB  those_DD2  denying_VBG  birth_NN  control_NN  practice_NN  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  a_AT1  numbered_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  and_CC  asked_VBN  to_TO  state_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  number_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  used_VBN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  cohorts_NNS  and_CC  classes_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  sex_NN  differential_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  avowed_JJ  users_NNS  was_VBDZ  most_RG  marked_JJ  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  leeway_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  greater_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  admitting_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  (_(  in_IO  our_APP$  terminology_NN  declaring_VBG  themselves_PPX2  to_TO  be_VB0  reticent_JJ  users_NNS  )_)  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1940-49_MC-MC  cohort_NN  where_CS a_AT1  further_JB  21.1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  female_JJ  informants_NNS  became_VVD  reticent_JJ  users_NNS  as_IO  against_II  only_RR  16_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  male_JJ  informants_NNS  (_(  the_AT1  proportion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1    other_DA  manual_JJ    group_NN  showed_VVD  an_AT1  excess_NN  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  for_IO  women_NNS  over_IO  men_NNS  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  here_RL  that_CS  for_IO  these_DD2  informants_NNS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  shown_VBN  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  methods_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  this_DD1  list_NN  only_RR  included_VVD  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  .  
  interestingly_RR  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  more_DA  women_NNS  than_IO  men_NNS  mentioned_VVD  use_NN  of_IO  withdrawal_NN  and_CC  significantly_RR  more_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  seriously_RR  affected_JJ  1940-49_MC-MC  cohort_NN  ,_,  supporting_VBG  the_AT1  theory_NN  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  sex_NN  differential_NN  on_IO  avowed_JJ  use_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  to_TO  report_VV0  practice_NN  when_CS their_APP$  husbands_NNS  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  contraceptive_JJ  action_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  since_CS  these_DD2  informants_NNS  were_VBDR  confined_VBN  to_IO  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  women_NNS  reported_VVD  withdrawal_NN  when_CS in_IO  fact_NN  their_APP$  husbands_NNS  had_VHD  used_VBN  the_AT1  sheath_NN  .  
  the_AT1  combined_JJ  answers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  avowed_JJ  and_CC  reticent_JJ  users_NNS  together_RR  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  total_JJ  extent_NN  of_IO  eventually_RR  admitted_VBN  birth_NN  control_NN  practice_NN  .  
  this_DD1  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  steady_JJ  differential_NN  in_IO  all_DB  cohorts_NNS  including_IO  the_AT1  1940s_MC2  ,_,  of_IO  approximately_RR  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  more_DA  admitted_JJ  practice_NN  for_IO  male_JJ  informants_NNS  than_IO  females_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  difference_NN  lies_VBZ  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1940-49_MC-MC  cohort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  informants_NNS  reporting_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  appliance_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  probably_RR  genuine_JJ  sex_NN  differential_NN  in_IO  personal_JJ  attitudes_NNS  to_IO  contraception_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  intensive_JJ  ,_,  carefully_RR  worded_JJ  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  too_RG  closely_RR  defined_VBN  method_NN  of_IO  questioning_NN  ,_,  some_DD  female_JJ  informants_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  failed_VBN  to_TO  reveal_VV0  their_APP$  birth_NN  control_NN  practices_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  where_CS their_APP$  husbands_NNS  were_VBDR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  contraceptive_JJ  measures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  others_DA2  may_VM  have_VH0  recorded_VBN    husband_NN  is_VBZ  careful_JJ    ,_,  \0i.e_RR  withdrawal_NN  ,_,  when_CS in_IO  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  the_AT1  sheath_NN  .  
  in_IO  assessing_VBG  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  patterns_NNS  of_IO  contraceptive_JJ  practice_NN  to_TO  follow_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  most_RG  relevant_JJ  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  internal_JJ  consistency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  all_DB  user_NN  group_NN  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  particularly_RR  the_AT1  avowed_JJ  user_NN  group_NN  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  differential_JJ  response_NN  by_IO  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  informants_NNS  has_VHZ  not_XX  seriously_RR  disturbed_VBN  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  methods_NNS  reported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  sexes_NNS  .  
  amongst_IO  the_AT1  all_DB  user_NN  group_NN  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  reporting_VBG  any_DD  appliance_NN  method_NN  and_CC  using_VBG  only_RR  non-appliance_JB  methods_NNS  show_VV0  an_AT1  unbalance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sexes_NNS  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1940-49_MC-MC  cohort_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  these_DD2  differences_NNS  are_VBR  barely_RR  significant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pattern_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  avowed_JJ  users_NNS  is_VBZ  even_RR  better_JJ  ;_;  in_IO  all_DB  cohorts_NNS  and_CC  classes_NNS  the_AT1  frequency_NN  of_IO  methods_NNS  reported_VBN  by_IO  male_JJ  and_CC  female_JJ  informants_NNS  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  methods_NNS  and_CC  contraceptive_JJ  histories_NNS  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  essentially_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  patterns_NNS  of_IO  methods_NNS  reported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  users_NNS  and_CC  particularly_RR  the_AT1  avowed_JJ  users_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  felt_VBN  it_PPH1  justified_VBN  to_TO  continue_VV0  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  methods_NNS  for_IO  all_DB  informants_NNS  ,_,  male_NN  and_CC  female_JJ  combined_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  above_JB  poses_VBZ  obvious_JJ  questions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  completeness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  results_NNS  understate_VV0  the_AT1  actual_JJ  extent_NN  of_IO  practice_NN  and_CC  probably_RR  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  some_DD  methods_NNS  ;_;  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  first_MD  attempt_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  control_NN  experiences_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  sample_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  findings_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  consistent_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  trends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  point_VV0  to_IO  changes_NNS  over_IO  time_NN  in_IO  contraceptive_JJ  behaviour_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  provide_VV0  an_AT1  absolutely_RR  complete_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  experiences_NNS  throughout_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  .  
  use_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  birth_NN  control_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  informants_NNS  who_PNQS admitted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  birth_NN  control_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  at_RR  once_RR  or_CC  after_IO  probing_VBG  ,_,  indicated_VVD  the_AT1  various_JJ  contraceptive_JJ  methods_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  used_VBN  during_IO  their_APP$  married_JJ  lives_NNS  .  
  many_DA  reported_VBN  that_CS  two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  methods_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  used_VBN  ,_,  either_LE  simultaneously_RR  or_CC  in_IO  succession_NN  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  reports_NNS  of_IO  methods_NNS  exceeds_VBZ  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  users_NNS  .  
  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  extent_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  various_JJ  methods_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  and_CC  their_APP$  changing_JJ  popularity_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ,_,  table_NN  1_MC  treats_VBZ  each_DD1  method_NN  separately_RR  and_CC  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  users_NNS  reporting_VBG  each_DD1  method_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  contrasts_VBZ  the_AT1  marriage_NN  survey_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  study_NN  .  
  table_NN  1_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  overwhelming_JJ  importance_NN  among_IO  marriage_NN  survey_NN  users_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  male_JJ  methods_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  sheath_NN  is_VBZ  reported_VBN  by_IO  almost_RR  half_DB  these_DD2  users_NNS  and_CC  withdrawal_NN  by_IO  44_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  most_RG  popular_JJ  method_NN  is_VBZ    safe_JJ  period_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  reported_VBN  by_IO  16_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  informants_NNS  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  cap_NN  (_(  11_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  and_CC  pessary_NN  and_CC  gels_NNS  (_(  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  .  
  comparison_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  cohorts_NNS  shows_VBZ  some_DD  changes_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  significant_JJ  trend_NN  away_RP  from_IO  withdrawal_NN  and_CC  towards_IO  the_AT1  cap_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  sheath_NN  users_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  significant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  data_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  marriage_NN  survey_NN  totals_NNS  column_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  sheath_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  popular_JJ  method_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  countries_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  frequency_NN  of_IO  other_DA  methods_NNS  is_VBZ  significantly_RR  different_JJ  .  
  withdrawal_NN  ,_,  Britain's_PPIO2  next_DA  most_RG  frequently_RR  adopted_JJ  method_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  used_VBN  by_IO  only_RR  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  sample_NN  ,_,  and_CC  instead_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  greater_JJ  reliance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1    female_JJ    methods_NNS  :_:  cap_NN  ,_,  safe_JJ  period_NN  and_CC  douche_NN  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  there_EX  are_VBR  nearly_RR  twice_RR  as_RG  many_DA  reports_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO    male_JJ    methods_NNS  as_CS    female_JJ    (_(  92.8_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  to_IO  48.2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  are_VBR  reversed_VBN  .  
  Hogben's_PPIO2  paper_NN  is_VBZ  thus_RR  of_IO  some_DD  value_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  counsel_NN  of_IO  scientific_JJ  caution_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  adduces_VBZ  no_AT1  fundamental_JJ  objections_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  pages_NNS  an_AT1  attempt_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  clarify_VV0  the_AT1  issues_NNS  and_CC  gain_VV0  some_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  genetic_JJ  factors_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  aspect_NN  of_IO  language_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sound_NN  structure_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  broadly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sound-producing_JJ  apparatus_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  results_NNS  ,_,  whether_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  complement_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  languages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  changes_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  considered_VBN  .  
  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  genetic_JJ  component_NN  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  ,_,  structure_NN  and_CC  functioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vocal_JJ  apparatus_NN  are_VBR  clearly_RR  determined_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  by_IO  genes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  continuum_NN  of_IO  sound_NN  production_NN  possible_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  apparatus_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  likewise_RR  .  
  and_CC  following_VBG  from_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  analysis_NN  ,_,  any_DD  vocal_JJ  sound_NN  produced_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  individual_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  in_IO  speech_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  in_IO  speech_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  significant_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  part_NN  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  particular_JJ  genetic_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  individual_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  the_AT1  complement_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  vocalisation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  complement_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  vocalisation_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  languages_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  their_APP$  characteristic_JJ  natures_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  particular_JJ  genetic_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  group_NN  or_CC  population_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  that_CS  genetic_JJ  factors_NNS  must_VM  play_VV0  some_DD  part_NN  in_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  stages_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  of_IO  sound_NN  change_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  genetic_JJ  component_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  motivations_NNS  which_DDQ  induce_VV0  a_AT1  community_NN  of_IO  speakers_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  change_NN  derive_VV0  from_IO  those_DD2  speakers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  axiomatically_RR  reflect_VV0  ,_,  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  genetic_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  these_DD2  motivations_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  tendency_NN  to_IO  economy_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tendency_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  operative_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  activities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  itself_PPX1  must_VM  be_VB0  largely_RR  genetic_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  determination_NN    there_EX  is_VBZ  after_IO  all_DB  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  imagining_VBG  its_APP$  evolution_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  species_NN  under_IO  conditions_NNS  of_IO  natural_JJ  selection_NN  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  those_DD2  changes_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  mainly_RR  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  cultural_JJ  influences_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  sort_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  genetic_JJ  component_NN  .  
  the_AT1  speakers_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  dialect_NN  borrow_VV0  ,_,  imitate_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  learn_VV0  sounds_NNS  from_IO  other_DA  dialects_NNS  ,_,  partly_RR  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  above_II  (_(  \0p_NN  205_MC  )_)  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  preferences_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  mainly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  assumed_VBN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  impulses_NNS  to_TO  conform_VV0  with_IO  what_DDQ  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  desirable_JJ  norm_NN  .  
  such_DA  impulses_NNS  will_VM  in_IO  theory_NN  also_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  genetic_JJ  component_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  vary_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  common_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  from_IO  individual_NN  to_IO  individual_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  doubtless_RR  vary_VV0  also_RR  ,_,  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  mean_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  group_NN  to_IO  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  investigation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_TO  develop_VV0  in_IO  more_DA  detail_NN  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  of_IO  genetic_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  field_NN  of_IO  operation_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  influence_NN  is_VBZ  exerted_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  given_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  genetic_JJ  component_NN  of_IO  language_NN  as_IO  such_DA  is_VBZ  a_RR  priori_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  question_NN  which_DDQ  remains_VBZ  then_RL  is_VBZ  whether_CS  the_AT1  further_JB  hypothesis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  genetic_JJ  influence_NN  such_CS  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  outlined_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  pages_NNS  is_VBZ  valid_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  must_VM  primarily_RR  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  considered_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  hypothesis_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  and_CC  shed_VV0  new_JJ  light_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  observed_JJ  data_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  and_CC  suggest_VV0  further_JB  constructive_JJ  work_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  applicability_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  in_IO  linguistics_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  ancillary_JJ  disciplines_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  rate_NN  ,_,  method_NN  ,_,  and_CC  accuracy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  acquisition_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  sound_NN  complement_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  uniqueness_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  its_APP$  aberration_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  mean_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  rate_NN  and_CC  method_NN  of_IO  acquisition_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  uniqueness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  sound_NN  complement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  relations_NNS  between_IO  overlapping_JJ  groups_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  dialects_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  uniqueness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  sound_NN  complement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  widespread_JJ  similarities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  complements_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  various_JJ  constituent_JJ  groups_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  distributions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  and_CC  sound_NN  features_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  total_JJ  sound_NN  complement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  provides_VBZ  a_AT1  basic_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  causation_NN  of_IO  phonetic_JJ  change_NN  ,_,  clarifying_VBG  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tendency_NN  to_IO  economy_NN  of_IO  effort_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  offers_VBZ  an_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  its_APP$  observed_JJ  characteristics_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  some_DD  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  parallel_JJ  developments_NNS  in_IO  related_JJ  languages_NNS  spoken_VBN  by_IO  related_JJ  peoples_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  long_JJ  continued_JJ  drifts_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  peculiarly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  explanation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  lines_NNS  of_IO  investigation_NN  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  fruitful_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  further_JB  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  of_IO  these_DD2  may_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  considered_VBN  briefly_RR  in_IO  turn_NN  .  
  geographical_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  sound_NN  features_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  and_CC  important_JJ  linguistically_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  geographical_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  and_CC  sound_NN  features_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  cases_NNS  discussed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  discovered_VBN  largely_RR  by_IO  trial_NN  and_CC  error_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  maps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  distributions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  types_NNS  of_IO  articulations_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  prime_JB  desideratum_NN  .  
  besides_IO  articulations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  likely_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  much_DA  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  such_DA  features_NNS  as_IO  type_NN  of_IO  syllabic_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  liaison_NN  and_CC  juncture_NN  phenomena_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  occurrence_NN  of_IO  specific_JJ  sounds_NNS  and_CC  sound_NN  types_NNS    practically_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  languages_NNS  of_IO  Europe_NP  from_IO  Dutch_NN1  to_IO  Russian_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  permit_VV0  no_AT1  voiced_JJ  plosive_NN  in_IO  word_NN  final_JJ  position_NN    and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  and_CC  further_RR  ,_,  among_IO  less_RG  detailed_JJ  phenomena_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  languages_NNS  with_IO  lexical_JJ  tone_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  valuable_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  connexion_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  very_RG  little_DA  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  distributions_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  features_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  research_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  may_VM  suggest_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  historical_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  such_DA  distributions_NNS  opens_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  field_NN  in_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  specific_JJ  sound_NN  type_NN  in_CS  one_MC1  language_NN  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  event_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  solely_RR  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  conditions_NNS  internal_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  language_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  sounds_NNS  of_IO  similar_JJ  type_NN  in_IO  other_DA  languages_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  or_CC  different_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  region_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  suggested_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  article_NN  (_(  Brosnahan_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  affricate_NN  articulations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  high_JJ  German_JJ  consonant_NN  shift_NN  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  larger_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  geographically_RR  limited_JJ  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  remarkable_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  affricates_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  thousand_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  centred_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  now_RL  occupied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Slavonic_JJ  languages_NNS  ,_,  Hungarian_NN1  and_CC  Albanian_NN1  .  
  our_APP$  understanding_NN  of_IO  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  deeper-lying_JJ  factors_NNS  in_IO  its_APP$  development_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  greatly_RR  extended_VBN  by_IO  investigation_NN  along_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  possibility_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  comparison_NN  and_CC  mapping_NN  of_IO  acoustic_JJ  features_NNS  or_CC  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  representative_JJ  samples_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  languages_NNS  .  
  with_IO  modern_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  recording_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  difficult_JJ  to_TO  devise_VV0  techniques_NNS  to_TO  determine_VV0  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  mean_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  frequencies_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  speech_NN  .  
  such_DA  mean_JJ  distributions_NNS  should_VM  vary_VV0  from_IO  language_NN  to_IO  language_NN  with_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  sound_NN  complements_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  frequency_NN  of_IO  occurrence_NN  of_IO  specific_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  articulation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mapping_NN  of_IO  such_DA  distributions_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  informative_JJ  in_IO  bringing_VBG  to_IO  light_NN  unexpected_JJ  correspondences_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  level_NN  among_IO  different_JJ  languages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  of_IO  hearing_NN  .  
  this_DD1  leads_VBZ  to_IO  another_DD1  field_NN  of_IO  investigation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vocal_JJ  apparatus_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  confined_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  sound-producing_JJ  mechanism_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unreasonable_JJ  to_TO  expect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  capacities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  reception_NN  mechanism_NN  may_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  exerted_VBN  some_DD  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  aspect_NN  of_IO  language_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  there_EX  is_VBZ  little_DA  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  auditory_JJ  distinctiveness_NN  of_IO  specific_JJ  sounds_NNS  has_VHZ  much_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  selection_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  (_(  \0p_NN  12_MC  \0f_RR  above_II  )_)  but_CCB  other_DA  possibilities_NNS  exist_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ear_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  mean_JJ  sensitivity_NN  to_IO  different_JJ  ranges_NNS  of_IO  acoustic_JJ  frequency_NN  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  vary_VV0  from_IO  group_NN  to_IO  group_NN  and_CC  population_NN  to_IO  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth's_NN1$  surface_NN  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  genetic_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peoples_NNS  involved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  impossible_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  general_JJ  or_CC  average_JJ    set_NN    of_IO  a_AT1  language_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  frequency_NN  scale_NN  shows_VBZ  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  correlation_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  capacity_NN  .  
  a_AT1  case_NN  that_PNQS springs_VBZ  to_IO  mind_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  connexion_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  languages_NNS  with_IO  lexical_JJ  tone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  investigation_NN  into_IO  audiograms_NNS  of_IO  speakers_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  languages_NNS  and_CC  comparison_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  speakers_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  types_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  interest_NN  .  
  some_DD  possible_JJ  indications_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  close_JJ  connexion_NN  between_IO  vocal_JJ  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hearing_NN  mechanism_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  found_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  resolving_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cochlea_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  frequency_NN  ,_,  measured_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shift_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  maximum_JJ  response_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  cochlear_JJ  partition_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  ratio_NN  of_IO  frequency_NN  change_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  practically_RR  independent_JJ  of_IO  frequency_NN  in_IO  most_DA  animals_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  ear_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  resolving_JJ  power_NN  is_VBZ  relatively_RR  low_JJ  up_RP  to_IO  about_RR  300_MC  cycles_NNS  per_IO  second_NN  and_CC  then_RL  shows_VBZ  an_AT1  abrupt_JJ  increase_NN  ,_,  reaching_VBG  a_AT1  relatively_RR  high_JJ  value_NN  by_IO  1,000_MC  cycles_NNS  per_IO  second_NN  (_(  von_&FW  Be*?2ke*?2sy_NP  and_CC  Rosenblith_NP  ,_,  1951_MC  )_)  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  frequencies_NNS  most_RG  important_JJ  for_IO  intelligibility_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  that_DD1  above_IO  1,000_MC  cycles_NNS  per_IO  second_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  tempting_JJ  to_TO  regard_VV0  the_AT1  human_JJ  variation_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  in_IO  other_DA  animals_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  of_IO  adaptation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  evolution_NN  to_IO  these_DD2  important_JJ  frequencies_NNS  of_IO  human_JJ  vocal_JJ  communication_NN  .  
  if_CS  language_NN  or_CC  its_APP$  forerunners_NNS  has_VHZ  exerted_VBN  such_DA  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  phylogenetic_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearing_NN  mechanism_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  mechanism_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  exerted_VBN  some_DD  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  frequencies_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  .  
  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  .  
  a_AT1  field_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  genetic_JJ  factors_NNS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  easily_RR  recognised_VBN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  learning_VBG  to_TO  speak_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  real_JJ  need_NN  is_VBZ  more_DA  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  done_VBN  by_IO  Irwin_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  associates_NNS  covering_VBG  adequate_JJ  numbers_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  and_CC  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  investigators_NNS  with_IO  standardised_JJ  techniques_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  determine_VV0  in_IO  detail_NN  the_AT1  norms_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  acquisition_NN  in_IO  other_DA  communities_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  other_DA  languages_NNS  .  
  besides_IO  their_APP$  importance_NN  in_IO  demonstrating_VBG  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heredity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  such_DA  norms_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  considerable_JJ  value_NN  in_IO  pediatrics_NN  and_CC  child_NN  development_NN  generally_RR  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  in_IO  speech_NN  therapy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  vary_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  genetic_JJ  theory_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  existing_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  child_NN  development_NN  :_:  thus_RR  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  recent_JJ  investigations_NNS  by_IO  Geber_NP  and_CC  Dean_NP  (_(  1957_MC  )_)  have_VH0  indicated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  general_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  young_JJ  east_NN1  African_JJ  children_NNS  is_VBZ  some_DD  months_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  European_JJ  children_NNS  of_IO  corresponding_JJ  ages_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  field_NN  here_RL  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  has_VHZ  hardly_RR  been_VBN  touched_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  environment_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  acquires_VBZ  its_APP$  sound_NN  complement_NN  .  
  though_CS  some_DD  information_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  frequency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  produces_VBZ  ,_,  no_AT1  attempt_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  to_TO  determine_VV0  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  frequency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  child_NN  hears_VBZ  at_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  life_NN  .  
  difficult_JJ  though_CS  such_DA  research_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  plan_VV0  and_CC  execute_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  neglected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  that_CS  some_DD  correlation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  environment_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  development_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  in_IO  assessing_VBG  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  genetic_JJ  component_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  .  
  investigation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  topic_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  by_IO  giving_VBG  precision_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  representative_JJ  sample_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  complement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  above_II  (_(  \0p_NN  140_MC  )_)  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  norm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  the_AT1  grammatical_JJ  interpretation_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  using_VBG  a_AT1  stem_NN  dictionary_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0J_NP  McDaniel_NP  and_CC  \0S_NP  Whelan_NP  ,_,  national_JJ  physical_JJ  laboratory_NN  ,_,  Teddington_NP  ,_,  England_NP  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0NPL_NP  Russian-English_JJ  automatic_JJ  dictionary_NN  is_VBZ  organised_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  stem-paradigm_JB  basis_NN  wherein_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  for_IO  most_DA  nouns_NNS  and_CC  adjectives_NNS  a_AT1  single_JJ  entry_NN  for_IO  all_DB  their_APP$  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  most_DA  verbs_NNS  only_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  entries_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  contrast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  full-form_JB  type_NN  of_IO  dictionary_NN  organisation_NN  wherein_CS each_DD1  inflected_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  word_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  separate_JJ  entry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  organise_VV0  our_APP$  dictionary_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  accommodate_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  magnetic_JJ  tape_NN  store_NN  available_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   on_IO  the_AT1  \0ACE_NP  digital_JJ  electronic_JJ  computer_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  laboratory_NN  and_CC  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  to_TO  minimise_VV0  the_AT1  look-up_NN  time_NN  per_IO  word_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  computer_NN  without_IO  complicating_VBG  the_AT1  look-up_NN  procedure_NN  too_RG  much_RR  or_CC  investing_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  programming_NN  effort_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  compilation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  initially_RR  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  15,000_MC  words_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Harvard_NP  University_NNL1  automatic_JJ  dictionary_NN  .  
  our_APP$  dictionary_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  about_RR  1.5_MC  entries_NNS  per_IO  word_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  a_AT1  full-form_JB  dictionary_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  about_RR  ten_MC  times_NNS  that_DD1  average_NN  .  
  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  stem-paradigm_JB  dictionary_NN  involves_VBZ  two_MC  extra_JJ  processing_NN  steps_NNS  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  full-form_JB  type_NN  dictionary_NN  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  words_NNS  referred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  are_VBR  reduced_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  stems_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  matched_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  dictionary_NN  stem_NN  entries_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  secondly_RR  ,_,  after_IO  matching_NN  of_IO  stems_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  referred_JJ  word_NN  split_VBN  off_RP  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  stem_NN  requires_VBZ  interpretation_NN  to_TO  determine_VV0  its_APP$  grammatical_JJ  significance_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  stem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  process_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  affix-splitting_NN  and_CC  consists_VBZ  of_IO  matching_VBG  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  referred_JJ  word_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  recognised_JJ  affixes_NNS  having_VHG  grammatical_JJ  significance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  is_VBZ  fully_RR  described_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  companion_NN  paper_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  papers_NNS  where_CS necessary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  process_NN  ,_,  affix_NN  interpretation_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extra_JJ  grammatical_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  referred_JJ  word_NN  revealed_VBN  by_IO  affix_NN  identification_NN  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  identifiable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  stem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  are_VBR  as_CS  follows_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  nouns_NNS  ,_,  adjectives_NNS  and_CC  verbs_NNS  :_:    
  nouns_NNS  :_:    
  number_NN  and_CC  case_NN  .  
  adjectives_NNS  :_:    
  number_NN  ,_,  case_NN  ,_,  gender_NN  ,_,  short_JJ  or_CC  long_JJ  form_NN  .  
  verbs_NNS  :_:    
  person_NN  ,_,  number_NN  ,_,  tense_NN  ,_,  gender_NN  ,_,  mood_NN  ,_,  voice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  participles_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  case_NN  and_CC  short_JJ  or_CC  long_JJ  form_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  not_XX  all_DB  combinations_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  properties_NNS  can_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  pronoun_NN  forms_NNS  are_VBR  treated_VBN  like_IO  adjectives_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  pronoun_NN  forms_NNS  and_CC  all_DB  indeclinable_JJ  words_NNS  are_VBR  referred_VBN  to_IO  full-form_JB  type_NN  dictionary_NN  entries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  participate_VV0  in_IO  affix_NN  identification_NN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  undergo_VV0  the_AT1  splitting_NN  process_NN  .  
  affix_NN  interpretation_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  stem_NN  type_NN  entries_NNS  as_CS  its_APP$  results_NNS  form_VV0  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  systems_NNS  of_IO  syntactic_JJ  analysis_NN  designed_VBN  to_TO  improve_VV0  a_AT1  word-for-stem_JB  type_NN    translation_NN    of_IO  Russian_NN1  into_IO  English_NN1  .  
  rules_NNS  of_IO  English_JJ  inflection_NN  ,_,  insertion_NN  of_IO  prepositions_NNS  and_CC  auxiliaries_NNS  ,_,  suppression_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  equivalents_NNS  and_CC  variations_NNS  of_IO  word_NN  order_NN  will_VM  all_DB  require_VV0  the_AT1  affix_NN  interpretation_NN  results_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  principle_NN  of_IO  interpretation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  splitting_NN  process_NN  consists_VBZ  in_IO  matching_VBG  the_AT1  endings_NNS  of_IO  text_NN  words_NNS  against_IO  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  affixes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  splitting_VBG  off_RP  any_DD  matched_JJ  affixes_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  interpretation_NN  problem_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  stated_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  giving_VBG  a_AT1  grammatical_JJ  significance_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  recognised_JJ  affixes_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  found_VBN  .  
  now_RL  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  affixes_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  varying_JJ  significance_NN  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  stem_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  split_VBN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  affixes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  is_VBZ  -A_NC2  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  can_VM  have_VH0  five_MC  different_JJ  interpretations_NNS  :_:    1_MC  .  genitive_JJ  singular_NN  when_CS split_VBN  from_IO  some_DD  masculine_JJ  noun_NN  stems_NNS  .  2_MC  .  genitive_JJ  singular_NN  and_CC  nominative_JJ  plural_NN  when_CS split_VBN  from_IO  some_DD  other_DA  masculine_JJ  noun_NN  stems_NNS  and_CC  from_IO  neuter_JJ  noun_NN  stems_NNS  .  3_MC  .  nominative_JJ  singular_NN  when_CS split_VBN  from_IO  feminine_JJ  noun_NN  stems_NNS  .  4_MC  .  feminine_JJ  short_JJ  form_NN  when_CS split_VBN  from_IO  adjective_NN  and_CC  participle_NN  stems_NNS  .  5_MC  .  present_NN  gerund_NN  when_CS split_VBN  from_IO  verb_NN  stems_NNS  .  
  so_RR  for_IO  these_DD2  ambiguous_JJ  affixes_NNS  (_(  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  mostly_RR  noun_NN  affixes_NNS  )_)  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  check_VV0  the_AT1  stem_NN  type_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  affix_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  split_VBN  before_IO  giving_VBG  the_AT1  grammatical_JJ  significance_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  further_JB  check_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  split_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  conveniently_RR  made_VBN  during_IO  interpretation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  check_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  matched_JJ  dictionary_NN  stem_NN  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  split-off_JB  affix_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  declension_NN  or_CC  conjugation_NN  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  compilation_NN  stage_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  this_DD1  check_NN  reconciliation_NN  of_IO  stem_NN  and_CC  affix_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  stem_NN  homographs_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  text_NN  word_NN  whose_PNQV$  true_JJ  stem_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  entered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  being_VBG  falsely_RR  split_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  stem_NN  matching_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  dictionary_NN  stem_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  combine_VV0  interpretation_NN  and_CC  reconciliation_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  operation_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  paradigm_NN  indicator_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  stem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  role_NN  indicators_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  affix_NN  .  
  by_IO  speaking_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  paradigm_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stem_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  that_DD1  set_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  recognised_JJ  affixes_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  combine_VV0  with_IO  that_DD1  stem_NN  to_TO  form_VV0  valid_JJ  inflectional_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  Russian_JJ  word_NN  .  
  thus_RR  each_DD1  stem_NN  entry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  contains_VBZ  a_AT1  computer_NN  word_NN  ,_,  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  paradigm_NN  indicator_NN  word_NN  (_(  \0PIW_NN  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  indicates_VBZ  by_IO  a_AT1  binary_JJ  pattern_NN  the_AT1  paradigm_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  stem_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  three_MC  different_JJ  formats_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  for_IO  noun_NN  ,_,  adjective_NN  and_CC  verb_NN  stems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  verb_NN  format_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  verb_NN  stems_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  it_PPH1  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  endings_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  necessary_JJ  in_IO  practice_NN  because_CS  one_MC1  computer_NN  word_NN  (_(  the_AT1  \0ACE_NP  word_NN  is_VBZ  48_MC  binary_JJ  digits_NNS  (_(  bits_NNS  )_)  long_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  not_XX  long_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  represent_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  verbal_JJ  affixes_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  noun_NN  format_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  specific_JJ  example_NN  .  
  the_AT1  word_NN  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  fields_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  and_CC  number_NN  combinations_NNS  of_IO  nouns_NNS  .  
  accusative_JJ  plural_NN  is_VBZ  excluded_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  its_APP$  endings_NNS  follow_VV0  those_DD2  of_IO  nominative_JJ  plural_NN  or_CC  genitive_JJ  plural_NN  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  animation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  noun_NN  .  
  in_IO  each_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  bit_NN  position_NN  is_VBZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  each_DD1  affix_NN  that_PNQS conveys_VBZ  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  field_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  noun_NN  stem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  noun_NN  format_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  1_MC  .  
  (_(  \_&FO  is_VBZ  our_APP$  symbol_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  null_JJ  affix_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  accusative_JJ  singular_JJ  field_NN  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  feminine_JJ  affixes_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  masculine_JJ  and_CC  neuter_JJ  affixes_NNS  being_VBG  implicit_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  nominative_JJ  singular_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  genitive_JJ  singular_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  animation_NN  marker_NN  in_IO  bit_NN  position_NN  43_MC  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  repeated_VBN  the_AT1  masculine_JJ  and_CC  neuter_JJ  ,_,  nominative_JJ  and_CC  genitive_JJ  singular_JJ  endings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  accusative_JJ  singular_JJ  field_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  required_VBN  more_DA  bit_NN  positions_NNS  than_CS  are_VBR  available_JJ  in_IO  an_AT1  \0ACE_NP  word_NN  .  
  so_RR  simply_RR  by_IO  indicating_VBG  the_AT1  animation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  noun_NN  stem_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  restrict_VV0  the_AT1  paradigm_NN  format_NN  to_IO  within_IO  one_MC1  \0ACE_NP  word_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  noun_NN  stem_NN  is_VBZ  formed_VBN  in_RR  general_RR  by_MC1  inserting_VBG  a_AT1  binary_JJ  digit_NN  1_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  bit_NN  position_NN  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  affix_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  field_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  consider_VV0  the_AT1  stem_NN  entry_NN  and_CC  \0PIW_NN  resulting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  word_NN  whose_PNQV$  nominative_JJ  singular_NN  is_VBZ  stol_&FW  (_(  table_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  stem_NN  entry_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  stol_&FW    and_CC  the_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  affixes_NNS  which_DDQ  give_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  stol_&FW  is_VBZ  \_&FO  ,_,  a_ZZ1  ,_,  u_ZZ1  ,_,  e_ZZ1  ,_,  om_&FW  ,_,  y_ZZ1  ,_,  ov_&FW  ,_,  am_&FW  ,_,  akh_&FW  ,_,  ami_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  will_VM  thus_RR  have_VH0    ones_CD1S    in_IO  positions_VBZ  1_MC  ,_,  11_MC  ,_,  15_MC  ,_,  19_MC  ,_,  21_MC  ,_,  26_MC  ,_,  32_MC  ,_,  37_MC  ,_,  39_MC  and_CC  41_MC  .  
  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    one_MC1    in_IO  bit_NN  position_NN  43_MC  indicates_VBZ  the_AT1  inanimate_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stem_NN  and_CC  hence_RR  implicitly_RR  indicates_VBZ  the_AT1  accusative_JJ  singular_JJ  and_CC  accusative_JJ  plural_JJ  endings_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  stem_NN  which_DDQ  takes_VBZ  alternative_JJ  affixes_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  field_NN  will_VM  have_VH0    ones_CD1S    in_IO  the_AT1  bit_NN  positions_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  affixes_NNS  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  stem_NN  volos_&FW  (_(  hair_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  affixes_NNS  Y_ZZ1  and_CC  A_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  nominative_JJ  plural_JJ  form_NN  .  
  where_CS a_AT1  stem_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  common_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  only_RR  those_DD2  fields_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  that_DD1  stem_NN  applies_VBZ  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1    one_MC1    in_IO  them_PPHO1  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  stem_NN  brat-_&FW  (_(  brother_NN  )_)  applies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  singular_JJ  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  only_RR  (_(  1_MC  ,_,  11_MC  ,_,  15_MC  ,_,  19_MC  ,_,  21_MC  ,_,  43_MC  )_)  while_CS  the_AT1  stem_NN  brat'-_&FW  applies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  plural_JJ  forms_NNS  (_(  29_MC  ,_,  33_MC  ,_,  36_MC  ,_,  38_MC  ,_,  40_MC  ,_,  43_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  formats_NNS  for_IO  adjectives_NNS  and_CC  verbs_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  2_MC  and_CC  in_IO  principle_NN  are_VBR  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  noun_NN  format_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  have_VH0  more_DA  fields_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  noun_NN  format_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  much_DA  less_DA  variety_NN  of_IO  affixes_NNS  within_IO  each_DD1  field_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  verb_NN  formats_NNS  have_VH0  identical_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  mostly_RR  different_JJ  affixes_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  fields_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  include_VV0  fields_NNS  for_IO  participle_NN  affixes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  affixes_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  fields_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  the_AT1  participle_NN  stem-building_JJ  affixes_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  as_IO  participle_NN  adjectival_NN  endings_NNS  follow_VV0  a_AT1  perfectly_RR  regular_JJ  pattern_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  explicitly_RR  stated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  all_DB  nouns_NNS  and_CC  adjectives_NNS  will_VM  require_VV0  only_RR  one_MC1  stem_NN  and_CC  \0PIW_NN  to_TO  represent_VV0  all_DB  their_APP$  inflected_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  approximately_RR  2/3_MC  of_IO  Russian_JJ  verbs_NNS  will_VM  need_VV0  only_RR  one_MC1  stem_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  requiring_VBG  two_MC  stems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  irregular_JJ  verbs_NNS  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  .  
  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  are_VBR  compiled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  computer_NN  from_IO  data_NNS  sheets_NNS  (_(  dictionary_NN  entry_NN  forms_NNS  )_)  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  manually_RR  completed_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  word_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  entered_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  data_NNS  sheet_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  several_DA  broad_JJ  classes_NNS  of_IO  noun_NN  declension_NN  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  limit_VV0  the_AT1  linguistic_JJ  decisions_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  completing_VBG  the_AT1  sheets_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  noun_NN  data_NNS  sheets_NNS  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  standard_JJ  format_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  noun_NN  \0PIW_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  similar_JJ  data_NNS  sheets_NNS  for_IO  adjectives_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  verbs_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  these_DD2  cases_NNS  only_RR  one_MC1  type_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  sheet_NN  per_IO  format_NN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  lesser_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  inflection_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  provision_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  \0PIW_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  stem_NN  entry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  interpretation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  affix_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  occurred_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  stem_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  text_NN  word_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  resolved_VBN  into_IO  spotlighting_VBG  the_AT1  occurrences_NNS  (_(  if_CS  any_DD  )_)  of_IO  that_DD1  affix_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  stem_NN  and_CC  noting_VBG  the_AT1  fields_NNS  (_(  grammatical_JJ  properties_NNS  )_)  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  occur_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  most_RG  easily_RR  done_VBN  by_IO  having_VHG  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  affix_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  masking_JJ  pattern_NN  containing_VBG  a_AT1    one_MC1    bit_NN  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  each_DD1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  format_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  by_IO  performing_VBG  a_AT1    logical_JJ  and_CC    operation_NN  between_IO  this_DD1  mask_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  given_JJ  stem_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  will_VM  contain_VV0  a_AT1    one_MC1    bit_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  field_NN  where_CS that_DD1  affix_NN  has_VHZ  significance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  given_JJ  stem_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  zero_MC  ,_,  this_DD1  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  affix_NN  and_CC  stem_NN  were_VBDR  incompatible_JJ  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  stem_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  combine_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  affix_NN  in_IO  any_DD  meaningful_JJ  inflection_NN  .  
  this_DD1  situation_NN  may_VM  arise_VV0  with_IO  stem_NN  homographs_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  words_NNS  whose_PNQV$  true_JJ  stems_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  yet_RR  compiled_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  falsely_RR  split_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  case_NN  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  would_VM  not_XX  contain_VV0  the_AT1  falsely_RR  split_JJ  affix_NN  .  
  the_AT1  masking_JJ  pattern_NN  referred_VBN  to_IO  above_II  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  the_AT1  role_NN  indicator_NN  word_NN  (_(  \0RIW_NN  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  given_JJ  affix_NN  .  
  some_DD  affixes_NNS  have_VH0  significance_NN  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  formats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  these_DD2  there_EX  will_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  \0RIW_NN  \0e.g_RR  I_ZZ1  has_VHZ  significance_NN  for_IO  and_CC  appears_VBZ  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  \0PIW_NN  formats_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  four_MC  \0RIW_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  match_VV0  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  \0RIW_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  \0PIW_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  interpretation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  format_NN  types_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  a_AT1  type_NN  number_NN  (_(  digits_NNS  47_MC  and_CC  48_MC  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  \0RIW_NNS  which_DDQ  relate_VV0  to_IO  these_DD2  types_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  type_NN  \0no_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  identical_JJ  I_ZZ1  and_CC  E_ZZ1  verb_NN  \0RIW_NNS  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  10_MC  verbal_JJ  affixes_NNS  (_(  u_ZZ1  ,_,  ju_&FW  ,_,  I_ZZ1  ,_,  j_ZZ1  ,_,  '_&FW  ,_,  jte_&FW  ,_,  'te_&FW  ,_,  a_ZZ1  ,_,  ja_&FW  ,_,  enn_&FW  )_)  and_CC  so_RR  we_PPIS2  save_VV0  some_DD  space_NN  in_IO  storing_VBG  the_AT1  \0RIW_NN  by_IO  having_VHG  only_RR  one_MC1  verb_NN  \0RIW_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  these_DD2  10_MC  and_CC  indicating_VBG  its_APP$  dual_JJ  utility_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  two_MC  examples_NNS  of_IO  interpretation_NN  of_IO  noun_NN  forms_NNS  avtomobili_&FW  and_CC  nedeli_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  matched_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  dictionary_NN  stems_NNS  avtomobil-_&FW  and_CC  nedel-_&FW  respectively_RR  ,_,  with_IO  I_ZZ1  as_IO  the_AT1  affix_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  interpreted_VBN  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  noun_NN  stem_NN  avtomobil-_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  noun_NN  type_NN  \0RIW_NN  for_IO  I_ZZ1  would_VM  be_VB0  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1    logical-and_NN    of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  computer_NN  words_NNS  would_VM  give_VV0  a_AT1    one_MC1    bit_NN  in_IO  position_NN  28_MC  only_RR  \0i.e_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  nominative_JJ  plural_JJ  field_NN  .  
  the_AT1  \0PIW_NN  for_IO  nedel-_&FW  is_VBZ  also_RR  shown_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  3_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO    anding_VBG    this_DD1  word_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0RIW_NN  for_IO  I_ZZ1  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1    one_MC1    bit_NN  in_IO  positions_NNS  14_MC  and_CC  28_MC  \0i.e_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  genitive_JJ  singular_JJ  and_CC  nominative_JJ  plural_JJ  fields_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  view_NN  the_AT1  categories_NNS  are_VBR  common_JJ  by_IO  definition_NN  and_CC  a_RR  priori_RR  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  empirically_RR  and_CC  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  similar_JJ  semantic_JJ  range_NN  a_RR  posteriori_RR  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  many_DA  modern_JJ  linguists_NNS  would_VM  subscribe_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  view_NN  there_EX  remains_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  common_JJ  core_NN  of_IO  syntactic_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  common_JJ  by_IO  definition_NN  among_IO  those_DD2  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  from_IO  any_DD  content_NN  or_CC  semantic_JJ  meaning_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  them_PPHO1  within_IO  each_DD1  language_NN  .  
  terms_NNS  like_IO  nucleus_NN  ,_,  expansion_NN  ,_,  cohesion_NN  ,_,  endocentric_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  exocentric_JJ  are_VBR  general_JJ  (_(  though_CS  not_XX  necessarily_RR  universal_JJ  )_)  categories_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  operations_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  sentences_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  language_NN  are_VBR  compared_VBN  and_CC  classed_VBN  together_RR  as_IO  regards_II  the_AT1  formal_JJ  inter-relations_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  components_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  operations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  criteria_NNS  employed_VBN  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  detail_NN  the_AT1  same_DA  between_IO  any_DD  two_MC  linguists_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  overall_JB  operational_JJ  similarity_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  use_NN  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  .  
    general_JJ  syntax_NN    thus_RR  allows_VBZ  two_MC  possible_JJ  interpretations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  different_JJ  answers_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  generality_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  syntax_NN  and_CC  morphology_NN  .  
  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  is_VBZ  conditioned_VBN  by_IO  one's_$  answer_NN  to_IO  question_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  above_II  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  morpheme_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  minimal_JJ  unit_NN  of_IO  syntax_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  role_NN  of_IO  morphology_NN  ,_,  no_RR  longer_RRR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  syntagmatic_JJ  word_NN  structure_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  correspondingly_RR  reduced_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  those_DD2  who_PNQS say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  traditional_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  grammmar_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  little_DA  value_NN  today_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  assuming_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  distinction_NN  is_VBZ  maintained_VBN  one_MC1  may_VM  ask_VV0  which_WDTI  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  analytically_RR  prior_JJ  :_:  in_IO  which_WDTI  domain_NN  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  establish_VV0  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  categories_NNS  first_RR  .  
  are_VBR  syntactic_JJ  structures_NNS  set_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  morphological_JJ  form_NN  classes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  are_VBR  form_NN  classes_VBZ  dependent_JJ  on_IO  their_APP$  role_NN  in_IO  syntactic_JJ  structures_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  grammatical_JJ  significance_NN  .  
  this_DD1  question_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  ,_,  answered_VBN  either_LE  way_NN  irrespective_IO  of_II  the_AT1  degree_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  logic_NN  or_CC    meaning_NN    are_VBR  admitted_VBN  as_IO  criteria_NNS  in_IO  grammatical_JJ  analysis_NN  ;_;  in_IO  traditional_JJ  terms_NNS  it_PPH1  involves_VBZ  the_AT1  relative_JJ  priority_NN  of_IO  such_DA  class_NN  concepts_NNS  as_IO  noun_NN  and_CC  verb_NN  as_IO  against_II  such_DA  as_IO  subject_NN  and_CC  predicate_NN  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    structural_JJ    syntax_NN  .  
    structural_NC2    is_VBZ  an_AT1  epithet_NN  few_DA  linguists_NNS  would_VM  deny_VV0  of_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  carries_VBZ  connotations_NNS  of_IO  up-to-dateness_NN  and_CC  scientific_JJ  thinking_NN  ,_,  however_CS varied_VVD  its_APP$  applications_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
    structural_NC2    is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  consistent_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  otherwise_RR  divergent_JJ  approaches_NNS  to_IO  language_NN  .  
  Trubetzkoy's_PPIO2  phonology_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Pike's_PPIO2  or_CC  Trager_NP  and_CC  Smith's_PPIO2  phonemics_NN  is_VBZ  structural_JJ  ;_;  morphological_JJ  analyses_NNS  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1    meanings_NNS  expressed_VBN    by_IO  the_AT1  forms_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  worked_VBN  out_RP  structurally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  equally_RR  the_AT1  purely_RR  formal_JJ  morphemic_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  Harris_NP  is_VBZ  structural_JJ  .  
  semantics_NN  can_VM  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  treated_VBN  structurally_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  de_&FW  Saussure-inspired_JJ    field_NN  theory_NN    ,_,  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  models_NNS  suggested_VBN  by_IO  Wells_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  ,_,  and_CC  Firth's_PPIO2  theory_NN  of_IO  context_NN  of_IO  situation_NN  ,_,  framed_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  cover_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  semantic_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  utterances_NNS  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  this_DD1  can_VM  fall_VV0  within_IO  general_JJ  linguistics_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  structural_JJ  .  
  applied_VBN  to_IO  general_JJ  linguistics_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,    structural_NC2    has_VHZ  a_AT1  fairly_RR  definite_JJ  comprehensive_JJ  meaning_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  elements_NNS  and_CC  categories_NNS  of_IO  linguistic_JJ  statement_NN  and_CC  analysis_NN  are_VBR  established_VBN  and_CC  explained_VBN  by_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  relations_NNS  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  within_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  or_CC  systems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  concerned_VBN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  units_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  aggregate_NN  each_DD1  carrying_VBG  its_APP$  own_DA  independent_JJ  formal_JJ  constitution_NN  or_CC  value_NN  .  
  applied_VBN  to_IO  syntax_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  term_NN  adds_VBZ  less_DA  than_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  levels_NNS  of_IO  linguistic_JJ  analysis_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  syntax_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  structural_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  concerned_VBN  the_AT1  relations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  parts_NNS  of_IO  sentences_NNS  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  whether_CS  as_IO  exponents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  logical_JJ  constituents_NNS  of_IO  propositions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  view_NN  ,_,  or_CC  as_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  psychological_JJ  components_NNS  of_IO    judgments_NNS    ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  formal_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  patterns_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  sentences_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  language_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  to_TO  conform_VV0  .  
  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  pertinent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  of_IO  Tesnie*?3re's_PPIO2  recently_RR  published_VBN  extensive_JJ  work_NN  on_IO  syntax_NN  .  
  his_APP$  E*?2le*?2ments_&FW  ,_,  in_IO  manuscript_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  in_IO  1954_MC  and_CC  now_RL  published_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  explanatory_JJ  preface_NN  by_IO  \0J_NP  Fourquet_NP  (_(  \0pp_NNU2  3-7_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  arose_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  dissatisfaction_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  teacher's_NN1$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  constantly_RR  kept_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  fore_NN  ,_,  with_IO  traditional_JJ  grammar_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  preoccupation_NN  with_IO  morphology_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  grammatical_JJ  instruction_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  learning_NN  of_IO  languages_NNS  .  
  for_IO  Tesnie*?3re_NP  syntax_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  grammar_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  proper_JJ  foundation_NN  for_IO  grammatical_JJ  categories_NNS  like_IO  word_NN  classes_NNS  ,_,  morphology_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  markers_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  categories_NNS  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  syntactic_JJ  functions_NNS  of_IO  words_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sentence_NN  (_(  chapters_NNS  15-6_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  language_NN  description_NN  syntax_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grammar_NN  ,_,  not_XX  something_PN1  added_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  uses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  morphologically_RR  different_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  emphasis_NN  on_IO  syntax_NN  ,_,  or_CC  sentence_NN  structure_NN  ,_,  in_IO  grammar_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  on_IO  word_NN  form_NN  ,_,  morpheme_NN  shapes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  paradigms_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  welcomed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  in_IO  agreeable_JJ  contrast_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  excessive_JJ  devotion_NN  to_IO  purely_RR  morphological_JJ  problems_NNS  among_IO  some_DD  modern_JJ  linguists_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  more_RG  old-fashioned_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  Tesnie*?3re_NP  shares_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  rigidly_RR  formal_JJ  American_JJ  linguists_NNS  a_AT1  reaction_NN  against_IO  tradition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  Fourquet_NP  remarks_VBZ  he_PPHO1  owes_VBZ  little_DA  to_IO  their_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  theories_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  more_RRR  perhaps_RR  than_CS  with_IO  most_DA  writers_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  one_MC1  may_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  ask_VV0  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  far_RR  enough_RGA  in_IO  rejecting_VBG  traditional_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  despite_IO  his_APP$  insistence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  autonomy_NN  of_IO  syntax_NN  (_(  \0p_NN  42_MC  )_)  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  retained_VBN  certain_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  that_PNQS look_VV0  like_IO  convenient_JJ  points_NNS  d'appui_NNS"  for_IO  his_APP$  theory_NN  but_CCB  themselves_PPX2  lack_VV0  a_AT1  secure_JJ  basis_NN  in_IO  language_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  Tesnie*?3re's_PPIO2  syntactic_JJ  theory_NN  is_VBZ  general_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  sense_NN  mentioned_VBN  above_II  ;_;  language_NN  expresses_VBZ  thought_NN  (_(  \0p_NN  12_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  grammatical_JJ  categories_NNS  are_VBR  ide*?2es_&FW  ge*?2ne*?2rales_&FW  and_CC  classificateurs_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  innumerable_JJ  ide*?2es_&FW  particulie*?3res_&FW  ;_;  they_PPHS2  may_VM  vary_VV0  from_IO  language_NN  to_IO  language_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  identical_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  cate*?2gories_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  pense*?2e_&FW  which_DDQ  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  for_IO  all_DB  men_NNS  (_(  how_CS do_VD0  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  this_DD1  .  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  close_JJ  links_NNS  with_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  often_RR  coincide_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  always_RR  rele*?3vent_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  se*?2mantique_&FW  (_(  chapter_NN  24_MC  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  grammatical_JJ  approach_NN  is_VBZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  Tesnie*?3re_NP  defines_VBZ  the_AT1  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  subordinate_JJ  clause_NN  (_(  causal_JJ  ,_,  final_JJ  ,_,  conditional_JJ  ,_,  concessive_JJ  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  chapters_NNS  254-65_MC-MC  )_)  by_IO  their_APP$  meanings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  exhibits_VBZ  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1    same_DA    types_NNS  differently_RR  realized_VBN  in_IO  different_JJ  languages_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  chapter_NN  243_MC  ,_,  *?137_&FO  ;_;  259_MC  ,_,  *?1315_&FO  ;_;  262_MC  ,_,  *?1323_&FO  )_)  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  elaborates_VBZ  his_APP$  work_NN  mainly_RR  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  written_JJ  French_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  bias_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  literature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  illustrations_NNS  are_VBR  drawn_VBN  largely_RR  from_IO  European_JJ  languages_NNS  (_(  note_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  American-Indian_JJ  languages_NNS  are_VBR  lumped_VBN  together_RR  typologically_RR  !_!  ,_,  \0p_NN  33_MC  )_)  ,_,  he_PPHO1  regards_VBZ  the_AT1  basic_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  syntax_NN  as_CS  universal_JJ  .  
  words_NNS  as_CS  written_VBN  are_VBR  the_AT1  units_NNS  he_PPHO1  works_VBZ  with_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  recognizes_VBZ  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  word_NN  delimitation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  occasional_JJ  inadequacies_NNS  of_IO  traditional_JJ  orthographic_JJ  divisions_NNS  (_(  chapter_NN  10_MC  )_)  .  
  where_CS what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  considers_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  syntactic_JJ  process_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  a_AT1  translation_&FW  ,_,  see_VV0  below_II  )_)  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  one_MC1  language_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  word_NN  and_CC  in_IO  another_DD1  by_IO  an_AT1  affix_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  analyse_VV0  it_PPH1  differently_RR  (_(  \0p_NN  361_MC  )_)  .  
  Tesnie*?3re's_PPIO2  syntax_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  noeud_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  sentences_NNS  consist_VV0  wholly_RR  of_IO  noeuds_&FW  hierarchically_RR  arranged_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  minimal_JJ  sentence_NN  being_VBG  a_AT1  single_JJ  simple_JJ  noeud_&FW  .  
  sentences_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  reveal_VV0  their_APP$    nodal_JJ    structuring_NN  are_VBR  called_VBN  stemmata_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  abstract_JJ  stemmata_&FW  (_(  phrases_&FW  virtuelles_&FW  ,_,  chapter_NN  33_MC  )_)  represent_VV0  sentence_NN  types_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  lexical_JJ  differences_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  component_NN  words_NNS  ignored_VBN  .  
  sentences_NNS  in_IO  familiar_JJ  languages_NNS  are_VBR  usually_RR  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  verbal_JJ  noeud_&FW  ,_,  but_CCB  other_DA  noeuds_&FW  (_(  nominal_JJ  ,_,  adjectival_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  adverbial_JJ  )_)  are_VBR  possible_JJ  as_IO  entire_JB  sentences_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  conversational_JJ  discourse_NN  (_(  \0p_NN  15_MC  )_)  .  
  stemmata_&FW  represent_VV0  the_AT1  sentence_NN  structure_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1    real_JJ  sentence_NN    syntactically_RR  ;_;  speaking_VBG  a_AT1  language_NN  is_VBZ  transforming_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  linear_JJ  succession_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  conversely_RR  understanding_VBG  is_VBZ  recovering_VBG  the_AT1  sentence_NN  structure_NN  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  succession_NN  (_(  chapter_NN  6_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  examples_NNS  illustrate_VV0  ,_,  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  and_CC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  single_JJ  noeud_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  a_AT1  hierarchy_NN  of_IO  noeuds_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  stemma_&FW  (_(  \0pp_NNU2  14-15_MC-MC  )_)  :_:  **[DIAGRAM**]_&FO  
  subordination_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dependence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  governed_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  governor_NN  ,_,  represented_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  occupying_VBG  a_AT1  lower_JJ  line_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  stemma_&FW  ,_,  is_VBZ  fundamental_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  noeud_&FW  is_VBZ  defined_VBN  as_IO  un_&FW  re*?2gissant_&FW  qui_&FW  commande_&FW  un_&FW  ou_&FW  plusieurs_&FW  subordonne*?2s_&FW  (_(  chapters_NNS  2_MC  ,_,  3_MC  )_)  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  concept_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  fully_RR  defined_VBN  .  
  adjectives_NNS  depend_VV0  on_IO  nouns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  adverbs_NNS  on_IO  verbs_NNS  or_CC  adjectives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  tout_&FW  subordonne*?2_&FW  suit_&FW  le_&FW  sort_&FW  de_&FW  son_&FW  re*?2gissant_&FW  (_(  \0p_NN  14_MC  )_)  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  in_IO  Bloomfieldian_JJ  terms_VBZ  words_NNS  are_VBR  grouped_VBN  into_IO  endocentric_JJ  constructions_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  behave_VV0  syntactically_RR  like_IO  their_APP$  head_JB  component_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Tesnie*?3re_NP  also_RR  subordinates_VBZ    subject_NN    nouns_NNS  to_IO  verbs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  examples_NNS  cited_VBN  above_II  ,_,  where_CS parle_&FW  governs_VBZ  Alfred_NC2  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Bernard_NC2  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  told_VBN  why_CS ;_;  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  because_CS  in_IO  some_DD  languages_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  Latin_NN1  )_)  the_AT1  verb_NN  by_IO  itself_PPX1  can_VM  form_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  sentence_NN  (_(  cantat_&FW  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  vir_&FW  cantat_&FW  is_VBZ  an_AT1  expansion_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  French_NN1  chante_&FW  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  complete_JJ  sentence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  type_NN  as_IO  Alfred_&FW  chante_&FW  ,_,  but_CCB  il_&FW  chante_&FW  is_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  a_AT1  sentence_NN  ,_,  wherein_CS il_&FW  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mot_&FW  vide_&FW  and_CC  a_AT1  mere_JB  indice_&FW  ,_,  is_VBZ  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  semantic_JJ  unit_NN  (_(  nucle*?2us_&FW  )_)  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  noeud_&FW  of_IO  head_NN  and_CC  subordinate_NN  (_(  chapter_NN  22_MC  ,_,  \0cp_NNU  stemma_&FW  33_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  56_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  made_VBN  clear_JJ  by_IO  Tesnie*?3re_NP  .  
  words_NNS  are_VBR  divisible_JJ  into_IO  the_AT1  categories_NNS  of_IO    full_JJ    (_(  pleins_&FW  )_)  and_CC    empty_JJ    (_(  vides_&FW  )_)  on_IO  semantic_JJ  grounds_NNS  ,_,  full_JJ  words_NNS  bearing_VBG  a_AT1  separate_JJ  meaning_NN  ,_,  empty_JJ  words_NNS  only_RR  a_AT1  grammatical_JJ  use_NN  (_(  chapter_NN  28_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  familiar_JJ  ground_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  distinction_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  rigorously_RR  carried_VBN  through_RP  ;_;    having_VHG  an_AT1  independent_JJ  meaning_NN    is_VBZ  probably_RR  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  gloss_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  native_JJ  speaker_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  in_IO  isolation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  degree_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  of_IO  a_AT1  binary_JJ  division_NN  into_IO  two_MC  classes_NNS  .  
  Tesnie*?3re_NP  follows_VBZ  the_AT1  full_JJ  /_CC  empty_JJ  division_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  formal_JJ  division_NN  of_IO  mot_&FW  constitutif_&FW  and_CC  mot_&FW  subsidiaire_&FW  (_(  chapter_NN  29_MC  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  being_VBG  able_JJ  to_TO  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  noeud_&FW  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  can_VM  only_RR  appear_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  subordinate_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  divisions_NNS  full_JJ  /_CC  empty_JJ  and_CC  constitutive_JJ  /_CC  subsidiary_NN  are_VBR  nearly_RR  though_CS  not_XX  quite_RR  coextensive_JJ  in_IO  membership_NN  (_(  \0p_NN  57_MC  )_)  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  full_JJ  /_CC  empty_JJ  division_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  less_RG  satisfactory_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  used_VBN  subsequently_RR  in_IO  word_NN  classification_NN  ,_,  and_CC  within_IO  full_JJ  words_NNS  four_MC  classes_NNS  (_(  each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  noeud_&FW  )_)  are_VBR  recognized_VBN  and_CC  distinguished_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  class_NN  meanings_NNS  (_(  contenu_&FW  cate*?2gorique_&FW  ,_,  chapter_NN  32_MC  )_)  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  defined_VBN  thus_RR  these_DD2  classes_NNS  are_VBR  general_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  universal_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  ,_,  astonishingly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  read_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  noun_NN  /_CC  verb_NN  distinction_NN  is_VBZ  predominantly_RR  European_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  other_DA  languages_NNS  show_VV0  only_RR  nominal_JJ  noeuds_&FW  as_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  sentences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC    conceive_VV0  of_IO  process_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  substance_NN    (_(  \0p_NN  61_MC  )_)  .  
  mots_&FW  vides_&FW  are_VBR  either_LE    junctives_NNS    ,_,  joining_VBG  grammatically_RR  equivalent_JJ  words_NNS  and_CC  word_NN  groups_NNS  together_RR  ,_,  or_CC    translatives_NNS    ,_,  which_DDQ  convert_VV0  the_AT1  grammatical_JJ  class_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  word_NN  into_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  another_DD1  or_CC  convert_VV0  a_AT1  sentence_NN  or_CC  word_NN  group_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  grammatical_JJ  equivalent_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  .  
  thus_RR  and_NC2  and_CC  but_NC2  (_(  traditionally_RR  coordinating_JJ  conjunctions_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  junctives_NNS  ;_;  prepositions_NNS  are_VBR  translatives_NNS  converting_VBG  nouns_NNS  into_IO  adverbs_NNS  (_(    first_MD  degree_NN  translation_&FW    ,_,  \0pp_NNU2  386-7_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  relative_JJ  pronouns_NNS  and_CC  subordinating_JJ  conjunctions_NNS  are_VBR  translatives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  degree_NN  (_(  conjunction_NN  +_IO  verbal_JJ  noeud_&FW  =_&FO  adverb_NN  ,_,  relative_JJ  pronoun_NN  +_IO  verbal_JJ  noeud_&FW  =_&FO  adjective_NN  )_)  .  
  translation_&FW  (_(  in_IO  Tesnie*?3re's_PPIO2  sense_NN  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  marked_VBN  by_IO  separate_JJ  mots_&FW  vides_&FW  (_(  translatifs_&FW  )_)  ,_,  by_IO  affixes_NNS  or_CC  word_NN  form_NN  changes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  be_VB0  unmarked_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  gives_VBZ  languages_NNS  their_APP$  universal_JJ  suppleness_NN  and_CC  utility_NN  (_(  chapter_NN  153_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  importance_NN  in_IO  grammar_NN  is_VBZ  emphasized_VBN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  approximately_RR  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  devoted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  exposition_NN  and_CC  copious_JJ  exemplification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  translation_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  includes_VBZ  double_JJ  (_(  and_CC  triple_JJ  and_CC  upwards_RR  )_)  translations_&FW  ,_,  as_CS  when_CS ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  de-adjectival_JJ  noun_NN  or_CC  nominal_JJ  expression_NN  is_VBZ  adverbialized_VBN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  French_NN1  (_(  trancher_&FW  )_)  dans_&FW  le_&FW  vif_&FW  ,_,  \0pp_NNU2  474-5_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  classes_NNS  of_IO  full_JJ  words_NNS  always_RR  preserve_VV0  their_APP$  class_NN  meanings_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  consequent_JJ  grammatical_JJ  status_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  apparent_JJ  atypical_JJ  use_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  adverb_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  noun_NN  head_NN  ,_,  un_&FW  homme_&FW  bien_&FW  ,_,  un_&FW  vin_&FW  extra_&FW  ,_,  owi_&FW  pa*?2lai_&FW  a*?2nthropoi_&FW  ,_,  chapter_NN  197_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  explained_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  translation_&FW  adjective_NN  to_IO  adverb_NN  without_IO  overt_JJ  mark_NN  ;_;  conversely_RR  ,_,  morphological_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  if_CS  in_IO  apparent_JJ  contrast_NN  to_IO  syntactic_JJ  function_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  classification_NN  (_(  in_IO  French_NN1  tout_&FW  /_CC  toute_&FW  in_IO  sentences_NNS  like_IO  elle_&FW  est_&FW  toute_&FW  honteuse_&FW  ,_,  \0p_NN  184_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  adverb_NN  irrespective_IO  of_II  its_APP$  concordial_JJ  variability_NN  of_IO  gender_NN  form_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  theory_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  sweep_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  language_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  conglomerate_NN  of_IO  single_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  whole_NN  with_IO  meaningful_JJ  division_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  super-Gestalt_NN  :_:  conceptual_JJ  fields_NNS  shape_VV0  the_AT1  raw_JJ  material_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  and_CC  divide_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  without_IO  overlapping_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  pieces_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  completed_JJ  jig-saw_NN  puzzle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  individual_JJ  field_NN  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  turn_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  mosaic_NN  of_IO  related_JJ  words_NNS  or_CC  concepts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  individual_JJ  word_NN  getting_VBG  its_APP$  meaning_NN  only_RR  through_IO  distinguishing_VBG  itself_PPX1  from_IO  its_APP$  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  field_NN  again_RR  being_VBG  divided_VBN  up_RP  completely_RR  and_CC  without_IO  overlapping_NN  .  
  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  form_VV0  a_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  interdependent_JJ  elements_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  word-form_NN  may_VM  change_VV0  without_IO  there_EX  being_VBG  any_DD  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Sprachinhalte_&FW  ;_;  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Romance_JJ  languages_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  continuants_NNS  of_IO  \0Lat_NN1  coxa_&FW  replaced_VVD  those_DD2  of_IO  \0Lat_NN1  femur_&FW  ,_,  weakened_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  homonymic_JJ  clash_NN  ,_,  without_IO  there_EX  being_VBG  any_DD  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  semantic_JJ  field_NN  .  
  any_DD  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  concept_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  will_VM  involve_VV0  a_AT1  modification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  concepts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  field_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  which_DDQ  express_VV0  those_DD2  concepts_NNS  .  
  Trier_NP  sought_VVD  to_TO  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hypothesis_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  intellectual_JJ  vocabulary_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  and_CC  middle_JB  high_JJ  German_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  most-quoted_JJ  example_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  field_NN  in_IO  about_RR  \0A.D_RR  1200_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  one_MC1  in_IO  about_RR  \0A.D_RR  1300_MC  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  structural_JJ  ensemble_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  high_JJ  German_JJ    field_NN    of_IO  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  maintains_VBZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  co-existence_NN  of_IO  three_MC  key_JB  terms_NNS    kunst_&FW  ,_,  list_&FW  and_CC  wi*?5sheit_&FW  (_(  very_RG  roughly_RR    art_NC2    ,_,    artifice_NC2    and_CC    wisdom_NC2    )_)  ;_;  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  14th_MD  century_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  key-words_NNS  were_VBDR  kunst_&FW  ,_,  wizzen_&FW  and_CC  wi*?5sheit_&FW  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  a_AT1  simple_JJ  substitution_NN  of_IO  wizzen_&FW  for_IO  list_&FW  which_DDQ  continued_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  different_JJ  sense_NN  :_:  what_DDQ  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  re-organization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  linguistic_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  and_CC  above_IO  all_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  Weltbild_&FW  or_CC    world-picture_NN    which_DDQ  the_AT1  latter_DA  reflected_VVD  .  
  in_IO  1200_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  term_NN  kunst_&FW  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  to_IO  courtly_JJ  skills_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  list_&FW  to_IO  non-courtly_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  to_IO  techniques_NNS  and_CC  skills_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  knightly_JJ  class_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  courtly_JJ  bearing_NN  towards_IO  adversaries_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  kunst_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  knight_NN  ;_;  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  writing_VBG  poetry_NN  ;_;  so_PN1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  arts_NNS  of_IO  rhetoric_NN  and_CC  music_NN  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  contributed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  training_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ideal_JJ  knight_NN  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  astronomy_NN  ,_,  botany_NN  ,_,  medicine_NN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  crafts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  artisan_NN  were_VBDR  liste_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  not_XX  as_RG  clear-cut_JJ  as_CS  that_DD1  suggests_VBZ  ;_;  whereas_CS  skill_NN  at_IO  arms_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  kunst_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  knight_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  list_&FW  in_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  arms_NNS  :_:  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  branches_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  appraised_VBN  objectively_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  socially_RR  .  
  this_DD1  gulf_NN  between_IO  courtly_JJ  and_CC  non-courtly_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  material_JJ  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  transcended_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  level_NN  :_:  the_AT1  term_NN  wi*?5sheit_&FW  embraced_VVD  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  much_DA  else_RR  besides_II  ,_,  being_VBG  applied_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  divine_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  human_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  a_AT1  close_JJ  interlocking_NN  of_IO  concepts_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  conceived_VBN  synthetically_RR  ;_;  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  were_VBDR  co-determined_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  senses_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  links_NNS  which_DDQ  united_VVD  them_PPHO1  within_IO  the_AT1  wider_JJ  sphere_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  and_CC  divine_JJ  wisdom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  key-terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  field_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  form_VV0  a_AT1  mystic_JJ  trinity_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  :_:  there_EX  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  duality_NN  between_IO  kunst_&FW  and_CC  wizzen_&FW  ,_,  wi*?5sheit_&FW  being_VBG  on_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  different_JJ  level_NN  from_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  kunst_&FW  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  certain_JJ  branches_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  in_IO  rather_DA  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  in_IO  modern_JJ  German_NN1    in_IO  opposition_NN  to_IO  wizzen_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  applied_VBN  to_IO  knowledge_NN  in_RR  general_RR  and_CC  to_IO  technical_JJ  skills_NNS  and_CC  abilities_NNS  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  without_IO  any_DD  social_JJ  connotation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  disappearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  duality_NN  between_IO  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  signified_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  abandonment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ethico-social_JJ  attitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  and_CC  technical_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  had_VHD  become_VBN  possible_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  what_DDQ  a_AT1  man_NN  knew_VVD  or_CC  could_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  without_IO  a_AT1    social_JJ    appraisal_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  wi*?5sheit_&FW  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  semi-alternative_NN  for_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  terms_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  synthetic_JJ  term_NN  embracing_VBG  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
  material_JJ  knowledge_NN  (_(  kunst_&FW  and_CC  wizzen_&FW  )_)  had_VHD  been_VBN  removed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  wi*?5sheit_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  as_IO  spiritual_JJ  and_CC  religious_JJ  wisdom_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  moved_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  plane_NN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS  showed_VVD  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  divided_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  analytical_JJ  and_CC  abstract_JJ  way_NN  .  
  whereas_CS  in_IO  1200_MC  no_AT1  truly_RR  objective_JJ  appraisal_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  (_(  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  divorced_VBN  from_IO  its_APP$  social_JJ  and/or_CC  religious_JJ  connotations_NNS  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  1300_MC  ,_,  spiritual_JJ  or_CC  theological_JJ  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  dissociated_VBN  from_IO  worldly_JJ  skills_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  courtly_JJ  and_CC  non-courtly_JJ  attainments_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  eliminated_VBN  .  
  Trier_NP  saw_VVD  this_DD1  re-arrangement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  as_CS  reflecting_VBG  the_AT1  disintegration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ    catholic_JJ    conception_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  Trier's_PPIO2  theories_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  strongly_RR  criticized_VBN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  praised_VBN  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  by_IO  Dornseiff_NP  and_CC  Scheidweiler_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  1930's_MC2  and_CC  early_JJ  1940's_MC2  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  \0W_NP  Betz_NP  and_CC  Els_NP  Oksaar_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  1950's_MC2  ;_;  \0W_NP  von_&FW  Wartburg_NP  and_CC  \0S_NP  Ullmann_NP  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  have_VH0  criticized_VBN  certain_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  while_CS  remaining_VBG  generally_RR  favourable_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  repeat_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  used_VBN  against_IO  Trier_NP  by_IO  other_DA  scholars_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  new_JJ  points_NNS  .  
  basically_RR  ,_,  Trier's_PPIO2  field_NN  theory_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  several_DA  hypotheses_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  language_NN  and_CC  of_IO  thinking_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  relationship_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  :_:  firstly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  vocabulary_NN  is_VBZ  organized_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  ,_,  within_IO  closely-articulated_JB  fields_NNS  which_DDQ  fit_VV0  into_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  and_CC  delimit_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  overlapping_NN  ;_;  and_CC  secondly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  single_JJ  word_NN  gets_VBZ  its_APP$  meaning_NN  only_RR  through_IO  distinguishing_VBG  itself_PPX1  from_IO  its_APP$  field_NN  neighbours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  follows_VBZ  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  completely_RR  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  postulate_NN  .  
  both_DB2  points_NNS  are_VBR  valid_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  valid_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  any_DD  language_NN  at_IO  any_DD  period_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   take_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  point_NN  first_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  more_RG  briefly_RR  .  
  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oppositional_JJ  approach_NN  in_IO  determining_VBG  linguistic_JJ  units_NNS  such_IO  as_II  phonemes_NNS  and_CC  morphemes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  whether_CS  word-meanings_NNS  are_VBR  based_VBN  on_IO  oppositions_NNS  between_IO  words_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  conceptual_JJ  field_NN  .  
  this_DD1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  element_NN  only_RR  deriving_VBG  its_APP$  meaning_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  qualified_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  really_RR  ceases_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  much_DA  point_NN  :_:  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  know_VV0  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  for_IO    to_NC2  walk_NC2  (_(  habitually_NC2  )_)    without_IO  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  verbs_VBZ  for_IO    run_NC2    ,_,    hop_NC2    ,_,    skip_NC2    ,_,  or_CC    jump_NC2    (_(  habitually_RR  or_CC  otherwise_RR  )_)  .  
  \0W_NP  Pfleiderer_NP  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  child's_NN1$  first_MD  properly_RR  used_JJ  word_NN  means_VBZ  something_PN1  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  any_DD  fields_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  seems_VBZ  that_CS  when_CS learning_VBG  a_AT1  language_NN  one_MC1  fortunately_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  learn_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  before_IO  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  parts_NNS  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  be_VB0  then_RL  argued_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  system_NN  properly_RR  without_IO  knowing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  reply_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  depends_VBZ  what_DDQ  one_MC1  means_VBZ  by_IO  both_DB2  properly_NC2  and_CC  by_IO  whole_NC2  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  vocabulary_NN  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  known_VBN  to_IO  or_CC  used_VBN  by_IO  that_DD1  abstraction_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN    ,_,  or_CC  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ    deposited_VBN    in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  English_JJ  dictionary_NN  ,_,  plus_IO  Eric_NP  Partridge's_PPIO2  dictionary_NN  of_IO  slang_NN  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  other_DA  works_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  type_NN  .  
  nobody_PN1  knows_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  words_NNS  in_IO  those_DD2  works_NNS  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  knows_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  sense_NN  ;_;  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  then_RL  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1    man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN    ,_,  whoever_PNQS he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  (_(  with_IO  his_APP$  2,500_MC  words_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  newspapers_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  of_IO  complaints_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  inability_NN  of_IO  school-leavers_NNS  (_(  or_CC  students_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  )_)  to_TO    use_VV0  English_NN1  properly_RR    .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  level_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  groups_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  express_VV0  themselves_PPX2  as_RG  accurately_RR  or_CC  as_RG  elegantly_RR  as_CS  their_APP$  critics_NNS  do_VD0  ,_,  or_CC  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  .  
  at_IO  another_DD1  level_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  statement_NN  about_IO  English-speakers_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  like_IO  saying_VBG  ,_,    only_RR  2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  have_VH0  normal_JJ  teeth_NNS  .    
  take_VV0  any_DD  obscurish_JJ  word_NN    since_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  teeth_NNS  ,_,  let_VV0  it_PPH1  be_VB0  the_AT1  term_NN    orthodontics_NC2    .  
  as_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  dentistry_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  (_(  I_PPIS1  assume_VV0  )_)  into_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  field_NN  as_IO    teeth_NC2    ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  we_PPIS2  assume_VV0  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  help_VV0  reciprocally_RR  to_TO  delimit_VV0  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  meaning_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN    but_CCB  only_RR  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS know_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  or_CC  for_IO  everybody_PN1  .  
  in_IO  either_LE  case_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English-speaking_JJ  population_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  is_VBZ  using_VBG  the_AT1  term_NN    teeth_NC2    with_IO  an_AT1  appreciation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  full_JJ  value_NN    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  absurd_JJ  .  
  similar_JJ  arguments_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  postulate_NN    that_CS  closely-integrated_JB  conceptual_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  expressed_VBN  in_IO  linguistic_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  cover_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  field_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  (_(  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  )_)  without_IO  gaps_NNS  and_CC  without_IO  overlapping_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  generally_RR  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  is_VBZ  organized_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  consciousness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN    let_VV0  alone_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  vast_JJ  and_CC  heterogeneous_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  individuals_NNS  .  
  basically_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  mind_NN  works_VBZ    and_CC  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  tackled_VBN  by_IO  psychologists_NNS  than_CS  by_IO  linguists_NNS  .  
  things_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  made_VBN  any_RG  easier_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Trier_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  make_VV0  an_AT1  absolutely_RR  clear_JJ  division_NN  between_IO  his_APP$  conceptual_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  lexical_JJ    fields_NNS    :_:  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  separate_VV0  them_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  conceptual_JJ  divisions_NNS  are_VBR  expressed_VBN  in_IO  linguistic_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  somewhat_RR  more_RG  plausibly_RR  maintained_VBN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN    transmitted_VBN    to_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  individual_NN  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  determine_VV0  his_APP$  modes_NNS  of_IO  thought_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  there_EX  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  vocabulary_NN  is_VBZ  organized_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  suggested_VBN  by_IO  Trier_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  Trier's_PPIO2  own_DA  analyses_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  open_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  criticisms_NNS  :_:  as_CS  Scheidweiler_NP  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  Trier_NP  himself_PPX1  makes_VBZ  statements_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  run_VV0  counter_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  theories_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  on_IO  \0p_NN  150_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  magnum_JJ  opus_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  completely_RR  unarticulated_JJ  field_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  positive_JJ  assessment_NN  of_IO  value_NN    ;_;  he_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   that_CS  the_AT1  famous_JJ  terms_NNS  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  are_VBR  applied_VBN  interchangeably_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pilatus_&FW  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  uniformity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  usage_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  authors_NNS  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  Trier_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  transition_NN  conditions_NNS  under_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  field_NN  becomes_VBZ  fluid_JJ  (_(    das_&FW  Feld_&FW  zuna"chst_&FW  einmal_&FW  in_&FW  ein_&FW  sta"ndiges_&FW  Fliessen_&FW  gera"t_&FW    )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  Scheidweiler_NP  comments_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  period_NN  investigated_VBN  by_IO  Trier_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  transition_NN  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  texts_NNS  used_VBN  by_IO  Trier_NP  ,_,  Scheidweiler_NP  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  support_VV0  the_AT1  former's_$  conclusions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  terms_NNS  kunst_&FW  and_CC  list_&FW  ,_,  while_CS  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  wi*?5sheit_&FW  he_PPHO1  points_VBZ  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  term_NN  Weisheit_&FW  is_VBZ  still_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  modern_JJ  German_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO    knowledge_NC2    in_IO  such_DA  phrases_NNS  as_IO    ich_&FW  bin_&FW  mit_&FW  meiner_&FW  Weisheit_&FW  zu_&FW  Ende_&FW    ,_,    er_&FW  besass_&FW  keine_&FW  umfangreiche_&FW  Buchweisheit_&FW    ,_,    woher_&FW  hast_&FW  du_&FW  deine_&FW  Weisheit_&FW  .    and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  Trier_NP  would_VM  probably_RR  counter_VV0  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  conceptual_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  his_APP$  view_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  disproved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  survival_NN  of_IO  lexical_JJ  fossils_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  valid_JJ  argument_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  disagreement_NN  between_IO  Trier's_PPIO2  findings_NNS  and_CC  Scheidweiler's_PPIO2  goes_VBZ  far_RR  deeper_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  seems_VBZ  to_TO  justify_VV0  caution_NN  with_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  Trier's_PPIO2  findings_NNS  .  
  Trier_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  judging_VBG  by_IO  his_APP$  various_JJ  qualifications_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  references_NNS  to_IO    transition_NN  states_NNS    found_VVD  the_AT1  evidence_NN  less_RG  clear-cut_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  desired_VBN  .  
  in_IO  Scheidweiler's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  ,_,  usage_NN  in_IO  mediaeval_JJ  German_JJ  texts_NNS  provided_VVD  no_AT1  support_NN  for_IO  any_DD  theory_NN  that_CS  words_NNS  or_CC  concepts_NNS  were_VBDR  organized_VBN  in_IO    fields_NNS    without_IO  overlapping_NN  :_:  even_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  author_NN  used_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  words_NNS  with_IO  totally_RR  different_JJ  meanings_NNS  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  forth_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  should_VM  find_VV0  intolerable_JJ  (_(  Scheidweiler_NP  quotes_VBZ  examples_NNS  )_)  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  general_JJ  conclusions_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  these_DD2  early_JJ  texts_NNS  are_VBR  an_AT1  unsuitable_JJ  testing-ground_NN  for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  theory_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  precision_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  in_IO  mediaeval_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  that_DD1  judgement_NN  damns_VBZ  the_AT1  theory_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  lack_NN  of_IO  precision_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  terminology_NN  can_VM  not_XX  indefinitely_RR  be_VB0  explained_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO    transition_NN    from_IO  one_MC1  world-view_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  one_MC1  system_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  :_:  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  lasting_JJ  imprecision_NN  exists_VBZ  itself_PPX1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  disprove_VV0  Trier's_PPIO2  hypothesis_NN  .  
  Plato_NP  envisaged_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  examination_NN  system_NN  not_XX  essentially_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  ours_PP$  .  
  of_IO  his_APP$  potential_JJ    guardians_NNS    he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  :_:  *"_*'  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  find_VV0  out_RP  who_PNQS  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  guardians_NNS  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  watch_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  earliest_JJT  childhood_NN  and_CC  set_VV0  them_PPHO1  tasks_NNS  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  also_RR  subject_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  ordeals_NNS  of_IO  toil_NN  and_CC  pain_NN  and_CC  watch_VV0  for_IO  (_(  their_APP$  )_)  qualities_NNS  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  must_VM  observe_VV0  them_PPHO1  when_CS exposed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  .  put_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  severer_JJ  proof_NN  than_IO  gold_NN  tried_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  furnace_NN  .  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  one_MC1  bearing_VBG  himself_PPX1  well_RR  in_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  trials_NNS  .  such_DA  a_AT1  one_MC1  will_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  Plato's_PPIO2  tests_NNS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  ,_,  and_CC  more_RRR  than_CS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  that_CS  social_JJ  life_NN  depended_VVD  on_IO  specialization_NN  of_IO  function_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  that_CS  each_DD1  person_NN  was_VBDZ  best_RBT  fitted_VBN  by_IO  congenital_JJ  constitution_NN  and_CC  education_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  role_NN  .  
  education_NN  not_XX  only_RR  helped_VVD  to_TO  train_VV0  a_AT1  person_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  particular_JJ  function_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  also_RR  revealed_VVD  native_JJ  constitution_NN  :_:  response_NN  to_IO  education_NN  predicted_VVD  capacity_NN  for_IO  future_JB  achievement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  educational_JJ  system_NN  was_VBDZ  inevitably_RR  also_RR  a_AT1  selection_NN  system_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Plato's_PPIO2  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  only_RR  more_RG  refined_JJ  instruments_NNS  of_IO  screening_VBG  than_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  process_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  this_DD1  dual_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  educational_JJ  systems_NNS    to_TO  educate_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  assign_VV0  people_NNS  to_IO  roles_NNS    is_VBZ  a_AT1  perennial_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  both_DB2  functions_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  temptation_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  welcome_VV0  one_MC1  and_CC  to_TO  reject_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Wiseman_NP  refers_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  foreword_NN  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS ,_,  rightly_RR  valuing_VBG  education_NN  ,_,  reject_VV0  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  position_NN  he_PPHO1  condemns_VBZ  as_IO    therapeutic_JJ  extremism_NN    .  
  Plato_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  accused_VBN  of_IO  having_VHG  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  extreme_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  having_VHG  selected_VBN  his_APP$  guardians_NNS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  little_DA  interest_NN  (_(  in_IO  the_AT1  republic_NN  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  public_JJ  school_NN  system_NN  has_VHZ  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  education_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  rejected_VBN  that_DD1  of_IO  selection_NN  :_:  selection_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  college_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  university_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  \0M.A_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  \0Ph.D_NNSB1  stage_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  to_IO  anything_PN1  resembling_VBG  the_AT1    11-plus_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  \0G.C.E_NP  .  
  in_IO  England_NP  11-plus_NN  selection_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  deplored_VBN  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  adverse_JJ  effects_NNS  on_IO  education_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  school_NN  .  
  a_AT1  distaste_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  selection_NN  function_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  discerned_VBN  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  report's_NN1$  desire_NN  ,_,  on_IO  behalf_NN  of_IO  secondary_JJ  schools_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  \0G.C.E_NP  a_AT1  school-leaving_NN  and_CC    qualifying_JJ    examination_NN  and_CC  to_TO  dissociate_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  university_NN  students_NNS  .  
  distasteful_JJ  though_CS  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  educational_JJ  system_NN  can_VM  not_XX  escape_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  as_CS  Plato_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  educational_JJ  achievement_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  means_NN  to_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  indispensable_JJ  index_NN  of_IO  capacity_NN  for_IO  ,_,  service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  screening_NN  function_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  pressed_VBN  upon_IO  educational_JJ  systems_NNS  with_IO  equal_JJ  insistence_NN  at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  all_DB  places_NNS  .  
  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  social_JJ  and_CC  vocational_JJ  roles_NNS  are_VBR  predetermined_VBN  by_IO  race_NN  ,_,  caste_NN  ,_,  or_CC  family_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  less_DA  significance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  differences_NNS  presupposes_VBZ  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  mobility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  arguable_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  times_NNS  and_CC  places_NNS  where_CS social_JJ  mobility_NN  is_VBZ  greatest_JJT  that_CS  the_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  examinations_NNS  and_CC  tests_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  strongest_JJT  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Morris_NP  has_VHZ  noted_VBN  that_CS  imperial_JJ  China_NP  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  dictum_NN  .  
    employ_VV0  the_AT1  able_JJ  and_CC  promote_VV0  the_AT1  worthy_JJ    ,_,  developed_VVD  a_AT1  highly_RR  complex_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  examinations_NNS  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  comparatively_RR  closed_JJ  society_NN  of_IO  medieval_JJ  Europe_NP  the_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  examinations_NNS  was_VBDZ  limited_JJ  and_CC  sporadic_JJ  .  
  Bentham_NP  ,_,  intent_JJ  on_IO  widening_VBG  and_CC  improving_VBG  recruitment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  characteristically_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  examinations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  examinations_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  1850's_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  closely_RR  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  elementary_JJ  ,_,  secondary_JJ  ,_,  technical_JJ  and_CC  university_NN  education_NN  and_CC  of_IO  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  crafts_NNS  and_CC  professions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  more_RG  recent_JJ  institution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diploma_NN  in_IO  technology_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  associated_JJ  examination_NN  board_NN  are_VBR  obviously_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  esteem_NN  which_DDQ  technical_JJ  skills_NNS  and_CC  abilities_NNS  command_VV0  .  
  Plato_NP  in_IO  fourth_MD  century_NN  Greece_NP  noted_VVD  (_(  with_IO  disapproval_NN  )_)  the_AT1  similar_JJ  upward_JB  mobility_NN  of_IO  craftsmen_NNS  and_CC  its_APP$  connection_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  qualifications_NNS    with_IO  philosophy_NN  if_CS  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  doctorate_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  *"_*'  
  philosophy_NN  .  is_VBZ  dishonoured_VBN  by_IO  unworthy_JJ  interlopers_NNS  .  when_CS any_DD  poor_JJ  creature_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  proved_VBN  his_APP$  cleverness_NN  in_IO  some_DD  mechanical_JJ  craft_NN  sees_VBZ  here_RL  an_AT1  opening_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  portentous_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  high-sounding_JJ  words_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  glad_JJ  to_TO  break_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  paltry_JJ  trade_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  sanctuary_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shrine_NN  of_IO  philosophy_NN  .  
  for_CS  as_CS  compared_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  occupations_NNS  ,_,  philosophy_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  still_RR  enjoys_VBZ  a_AT1  high_JJ  prestige_NN  .  **"_**'  
  values_NNS  in_IO  educational_JJ  achievement_NN  change_VV0  .  
  Plato_NP  valued_VVD  philosophy_NN  and_CC  despised_VVD  crafts_NNS  that_PNQS enslaved_VVD  men_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  value_VV0  technologists_NNS  more_RRR  than_IO  philosophers_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  specialist_JJ  one_MC1  has_VHZ  most_DA  use_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  seeks_VBZ  to_TO  select_VV0  and_CC  promote_VV0  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  freedom_NN  to_TO  rise_VV0  the_AT1  more_RRR  one_MC1  uses_VBZ  tests_NNS  and_CC  examinations_NNS  to_TO  refine_VV0  the_AT1  screening_NN  function_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  educational_JJ  system_NN  performs_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  democratic_JJ  ideals_NNS  and_CC  economic_JJ  needs_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  put_VV0  a_AT1  premium_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  ability_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  specially_RR  interested_JJ  both_DB2  in_IO  education_NN  and_CC  selection_NN  .  
  as_CS  new_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO    service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN    are_VBR  demanded_VBN  ,_,  new_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  education_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  established_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  old_JJ  kinds_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  adapted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  examinations_NNS  at_RR  once_RR  define_VV0  and_CC  support_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  said_VBN  that_CS  examinations_NNS  maintain_VV0  standards_NNS  in_IO  education_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  overlooked_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  sometimes_RR  help_VV0  to_TO  create_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  diploma_NN  in_IO  technology_NN  not_XX  merely_RR  preserves_VBZ  standards_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  sets_VBZ  objectives_NNS  and_CC  stimulates_VBZ  the_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  reform_NN  of_IO  university_NN  examinations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  preserve_VV0  standards_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  helped_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  higher_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  education_NN  for_IO  service_NN  to_IO  church_NN  and_CC  state_NN  .  
  examinations_NNS  defined_VVD  standards_NNS  which_DDQ  supported_VVD  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  secondary_JJ  education_NN  for_IO  girls_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  century_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  maintained_JJ  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  create_VV0  sixth_MD  forms_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  they_PPHS2  at_RR  least_RR  stimulated_VVD  their_APP$  growth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  studies_NNS  is_VBZ  helping_VBG  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  such_DA  studies_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  survival_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sixth_MD  form_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  value_NN  systems_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  which_DDQ  likewise_RR  confer_VV0  on_IO  examinations_NNS  their_APP$  force_NN  as_IO  incentives_NNS  to_IO  learning_NN  .  
  Plato_NP  alone_RR    and_CC  he_PPHO1  in_IO  theory_NN  only_RR    removed_VVD  the_AT1  economic_JJ  incentive_NN  to_IO  learning_NN  .  
  his_APP$  guardians_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  motivated_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  arduous_JJ  studies_NNS  by_IO  disinterested_JJ  service_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  alone_RR  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  citizens_NNS  are_VBR  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  touch_VV0  and_CC  handle_VV0  silver_NN  or_CC  gold_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  supposed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  incentives_NNS  he_PPHO1  proposed_VVD  would_VM  appeal_VV0  strongly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  candidate_NN  in_IO  11-plus_NN  ,_,  \0G.C.E_NP  or_CC  university_NN  examinations_NNS  :_:  
    whenever_CS we_PPIS2  find_VV0  one_MC1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  come_VBN  unscathed_JJ  through_IO  every_AT1  test_NN  in_IO  childhood_NN  ,_,  youth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  manhood_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  set_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  ruler_NN  to_TO  watch_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  honoured_VBN  in_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  death_NN  receive_VV0  the_AT1  highest_JJT  tribute_NN  of_IO  funeral_NN  rites_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  memorials_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  that_CS  pupils_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  always_RR  have_VH0  clearly_RR  in_IO  mind_NN  the_AT1  long-term_JB  advantages_NNS  of_IO  passing_VBG  examinations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  the_AT1  teacher_NN  or_CC  parent_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  moved_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  even_RR  so_RR  the_AT1  incentive_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  felt_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  pupil_NN  through_IO  them_PPHO1  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  ultimately_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  commonwealth_NN  for_IO  particular_JJ  kinds_NNS  of_IO  developed_JJ  ability_NN  :_:  the_AT1  examination_NN  merely_RR  focuses_VBZ  these_DD2  demands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pupil's_NN1$  educational_JJ  values_NNS  are_VBR  at_RR  least_RR  indirectly_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  will_VM  find_VV0  his_APP$  role_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  suspected_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  \0G.C.E_NP  candidate_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  shrewd_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  passes_NNS  in_IO  English_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  scripture_NN  knowledge_NN  ,_,  physics_NN  and_CC  art_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  entries_NNS  for_IO  \0G.C.E_NP  examinations_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Petch_NP  draws_VBZ  attention_NN  suggest_VV0  a_AT1  quick_JJ  appreciation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  evaluation_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  studies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  radical_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  increasing_VBG  social_JJ  mobility_NN  so_RG  far_RR  devised_VBN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  tests_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  education_NN  system_NN  educates_VBZ  and_CC  selects_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  the_AT1  two_MC  functions_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  easily_RR  reconciled_VBN  .  
  if_CS  selection_NN  can_VM  interfere_VV0  with_IO  education_NN  ,_,  so_PN1  can_VM  education_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  interfere_VV0  with_IO  selection_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR    mute_JJ  inglorious_JJ  Miltons_NP2      mute_JJ  and_CC  inglorious_JJ  because_CS  uneducated_JJ  and_CC  a_RR  fortiori_RR  unselected_JJ  .  
  in_IO  twentieth-century_JB  England_NP  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  few_DA  who_PNQS have_VH0  not_XX  had_VHN  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  opportunities_NNS  have_VH0  varied_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  as_CS  parents_NNS  ,_,  teachers_NNS  and_CC  communities_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  equalized_VBN  opportunities_NNS  are_VBR  long_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  vary_VV0  .  
  yet_RR  democratic_JJ  ideals_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  economic_JJ  need_NN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  the_AT1  scarce_JJ  commodity_NN  of_IO  talent_NN  alike_RR  impel_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  seek_VV0  out_RP  ability_NN  even_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  fully_RR  developed_VBN  by_IO  education_NN  .  
  no_AT1  reputable_JJ  psychologist_NN  has_VHZ  claimed_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  measure_VV0  some_DD  pure_JJ  hypothetical_JJ    intelligence_NN    which_DDQ  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  affected_VBN  by_IO  environment_NN  and_CC  education_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  psychologists_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  highly_RR  successful_JJ  in_IO  constructing_VBG  tests_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  less_RRR  affected_VBN  by_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  educational_JJ  opportunity_NN  than_CS  are_VBR  most_DA  tests_NNS  of_IO  educational_JJ  attainment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  psychologists'_NN2  success_NN  has_VHZ  naturally_RR  been_VBN  looked_VBN  upon_IO  with_IO  disfavour_NN  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS could_VM  command_VV0  educational_JJ  opportunity_NN  though_CS  not_XX  intellectual_JJ  capacity_NN  .  
  their_APP$  tests_NNS  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  abuse_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS believe_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  by_IO  collective_JJ  society_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  on_IO  ideological_JJ  grounds_NNS  accept_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  individual_NN  (_(  or_CC  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  wheat_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  any_DD  characteristics_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  owe_VV0  to_IO  society_NN  .  
  neither_LE  group_NN  objects_VBZ  to_IO  selection_NN  or_CC  to_IO  selection_NN  tests_NNS  :_:  each_DD1  merely_RR  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  select_VV0  persons_NNS  who_PNQS meet_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  specifications_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  solely_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  hoped_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  uninformed_JJ  and_CC  doctrinaire_JJ  attacks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  judicious_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  tests_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  stoutly_RR  resisted_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  panacea_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  highly_RR  competent_JJ  instruments_NNS  for_IO  use_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  society_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  significant_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Wiseman_NP  points_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  such_DA  tests_NNS  first_RR  became_VVD  widely_RR  acceptable_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  army_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  acceptable_JJ  that_CS  military_JJ  rank_NN  and_CC  function_NN  should_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  individual_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  social_JJ  ,_,  economic_JJ  or_CC  racial_JJ  differences_NNS  .  
  tests_NNS  and_CC  examinations_NNS  are_VBR  instruments_NNS  which_DDQ  a_AT1  free_JJ  and_CC  open_JJ  society_NN  has_VHZ  need_NN  of_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  that_DD1  selection_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  criticized_VBN  by_IO  not_XX  illiberal_JJ  persons_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  dangers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  able_JJ  but_CCB  badly_RR  educated_VBN  .  
  \0T_NP  \0S_NP  Eliot_NP  has_VHZ  suggested_VBN  in_IO  effect_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  e*?2lite_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  intelligence_NN  but_CCB  lack_NN  culture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  emergence_NN  of_IO  angry_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  support_VV0  his_APP$  argument_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  probably_RR  underestimates_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  assimilative_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  men_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  remain_VV0  young_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  necessarily_RR  angry_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  faced_VBN  with_IO  fewer_DA  obstacles_NNS  to_IO  selection_NN  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  open_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  influences_NNS  of_IO  culture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Crowther_NP  report_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  generation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  educated_JJ  seeks_VBZ  still_RR  more_DA  education_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  culture_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  accumulates_VBZ  at_IO  compound_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  selected_JJ  have_VH0  also_RR  been_VBN  depicted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    meritocracy_NN    .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  sympathize_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  guilty_JJ  feeling_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  distasteful_JJ  that_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  endowed_VBN  with_IO  greater_JJ  gifts_NNS  than_IO  others_DA2  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  better_JJ  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  true_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  men_NNS  are_VBR  equal_JJ    though_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  detract_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  interest_NN  of_IO  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Olympic_JJ  games_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  facts_NNS  being_VBG  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  incumbent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  objectors_NNS  to_IO    meritocracy_NN    to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  alternative_NN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  propose_VV0    aristocracy_NN  ,_,  plutocracy_NN  ,_,  caste_NN  ,_,  nepotism_NN  ,_,  party_NN  membership_NN  ,_,  or_CC  what_DDQ  .  
  until_CS  a_AT1  rational_JJ  non-escapist_JB  alternative_NN  is_VBZ  offered_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  to_TO  make_VV0  intelligence_NN  tests_NNS  ,_,  examinations_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  instruments_NNS  of_IO  selection_NN  as_RG  effective_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  purposes_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  minimizing_VBG  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  any_DD  harmful_JJ  effects_NNS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  on_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  denying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  selection_NN  can_VM  have_VH0  deleterious_JJ  effects_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  essential_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  education_NN  .  
  at_IO  every_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  educational_JJ  process_NN  where_CS selection_NN  becomes_VBZ  prominent_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  former_DA  ,_,  usually_RR  in_IO  some_DD  respects_NNS  to_IO  its_APP$  disadvantage_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Wiseman_NP  has_VHZ  discussed_VBN  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  educational_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  11-plus_NN  selection_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  problems_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  recognized_VBN  and_CC  fully_RR  debated_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  several_DA  factors_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  instrumental_JJ  in_IO  establishing_VBG  those_DD2  secure_JJ  foundations_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  scientific_JJ  achievements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  succeeding_JJ  century_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  .  
  first_MD  among_IO  these_DD2  factors_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  more_RG  emphatic_JJ  appeal_NN  for_IO  acceptance_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  philosophical_JJ  outlook_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  so_RG  favourable_JJ  to_IO  progress_NN  in_IO  science_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  recourse_NN  to_IO  observation_NN  and_CC  experiment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  substitution_NN  of_IO  rationality_NN  for_IO  authority_NN  .  
  in_IO  1536_MC  Peter_NP  Ramus_NP  (_(  1515-1572_MC-MC  )_)  started_VVD  the_AT1  revolt_NN  against_IO  Aristotle's_PPIO2  tyranny_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  \0M.A_NNSB1  thesis_NN  at_IO  Paris_NP  University_NNL1  that_PNQS   all_DB  that_PNQS Aristotle_NP  has_VHZ  said_VBN  is_VBZ  false_JJ    .  
  Marcellus_NP  Palingenius_NP  Stellatus_NP  voiced_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  sentiment_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  Zodiacus_&FW  vitae_&FW  (_(  Venice_NP  1531_MC  )_)  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  affirmed_VVD  :_:  
    whatever_DDQ  Aristotle_NP  saith_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  ,_,  I_PPIS1  passe_VV0  not_XX  for_IO  :_:  since_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  they_PPHS2  many_DA  times_NNS  doe_VD0  fall_VV0  .    
  in_IO  1560_MC  Barnaby_NP  Googe_NP  published_VVD  his_APP$  English_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  which_DDQ  contained_VVD  ,_,  amidst_IO  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  characteristic_JJ  moralising_NN  ,_,  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  ,_,  light_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  elements_NNS  ,_,  heat_NN  ,_,  motion_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  his_APP$  translation_NN  was_VBDZ  widely_RR  read_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  textbook_NN  in_IO  Elizabethan_JJ  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  attitude_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  discernible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  writings_NNS  of_IO  Leonard_NP  and_CC  Thomas_NP  Digges_NP  .  
  from_IO  passages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pantometria_NN  (_(  1571_MC  )_)  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  that_CS  Leonard_NP  Digges_NP  ,_,  of_IO  University_NNL1  College_NNL1  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  conversant_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  telescope_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  dedicatory_JJ  epistle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stratioticus_NN  (_(  1579_MC  )_)  Thomas_NP  Digges_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS also_RR  studied_VVD  at_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  mentions_VBZ    having_VHG  spent_VBN  many_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  yeares_NNS  in_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  sciences_NNS  mathematicall_JJ  from_IO  demonstrative_JJ  contemplations_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  experimentall_JJ  actions_NNS  .  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  John_NP  Dee_NP  (_(  1527-1608_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  College_NNL1  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  likewise_RR  sings_VBZ  the_AT1  praises_NNS  of_IO  Scientia_&FW  Experimentalis_&FW  in_IO  his_APP$  preface_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  translation_NN  of_IO  Euclid_NP  (_(  1570_MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  1550_MC  Dee_NP  read_VVD  public_JJ  lectures_NNS  on_IO  Euclid's_PPIO2  elements_NNS    mathematice*?3_&FW  ,_,  physice*?3_&FW  ,_,  et_&FW  Pythagorice*?3_&FW    in_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  of_IO  Rheims_NP  .  
  his_APP$  audience_NN  became_VVD  so_RG  large_JJ  that_CS  many_DA  had_VHD  to_TO  listen_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
  Dee_NP  also_RR  wrote_VVD  on_IO  mechanics_NN  ,_,  perspective_NN  and_CC  on_IO    burning_JJ  mirrors_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  achievements_NNS  of_IO  Galileo_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Stevin_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Gilbert_NP  and_CC  of_IO  others_DA2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  of_IO  putting_VBG  into_IO  practice_NN  of_IO  this_DD1    modern_JJ    experimental_JJ  scientific_JJ  attitude_NN  .  
  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  science_NN  of_IO  dynamics_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  it_PPH1  today_NN1  is_VBZ  principally_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  Galileo_NP  (_(  1564-1642_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  mathematics_NN  at_IO  Pisa_NP  and_CC  Padua_NP  Universities_NPLS  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  all_DB  bodies_NNS  fell_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  rate_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  distance_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  falling_JJ  bodies_NNS  varied_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  projectile_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  parabola_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  centrifugal_JJ  force_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  precise_JJ  definitions_NNS  of_IO  momentum_NN  ,_,  velocity_NN  and_CC  kinetic_JJ  energy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS formulated_VVD  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parallelogram_NN  of_IO  forces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  familiar_JJ  with_IO  what_DDQ  later_RRR  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  known_VBN  as_IO  Newton's_PPIO2  first_MD  two_MC  laws_NNS  of_IO  motion_NN  .  
  besides_IO  discovering_VBG  the_AT1  isochronism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pendulum_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  oscillation_NN  varied_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  square_JJ  root_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  length_NN  .  
  William_NP  Gilbert_NP  (_(  1540-1603_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,    the_AT1  father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magnetic_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  author_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  great_JJ  textbook_NN  of_IO  magnetism_NN  and_CC  electricity_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    de_&FW  magnete_&FW  ,_,    which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1600_MC  .  
  his_APP$  contempt_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  schoolmen_NNS  crops_VBZ  up_RP  everywhere_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  full_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  experimentation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  warns_VBZ  that_CS    men_NNS  of_IO  acute_JJ  intelligence_NN  ,_,  without_IO  actual_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  facts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  experiment_NN  ,_,  easily_RR  slip_VV0  and_CC  err_VV0  .    
  Gilbert_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  now_RL  familiar_JJ  terms_NNS    electric_NC2  force_NC2    ,_,    electric_NC2  attraction_NC2    ,_,  magnetic_JJ    pole_NC2    ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  considerable_JJ  industrial_JJ  and_CC  commercial_JJ  expansion_NN  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  resulted_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  greater_JJ  demand_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  rising_JJ  middle_JB  classes_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  utilitarian_JJ  education_NN  biased_VBN  towards_IO  science_NN  and_CC  mathematics_NN  ,_,  for_IO  substitution_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  realistic_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  life_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  aloofness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cloister_NN  .  
  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  tempo_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  economic_JJ  world_NN  could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  afford_VV0  to_TO  dispense_VV0  with_IO  mechanics_NN  ,_,  hydrostatics_NN  ,_,  optics_NN  ,_,  navigation_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  cater_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  society_NN  growing_VBG  increasingly_RR  more_RG  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  vital_JJ  part_NN  that_PNQS science_NN  could_VM  play_VV0  in_IO  technology_NN  that_CS  Gresham's_PPIO2  College_NNL1  was_VBDZ  founded_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1596_MC  for_IO  gratuitous_JJ  instruction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  liberal_JJ  arts_NNS  and_CC  sciences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  celebrated_JJ  physicist_NN  Robert_NP  Hooke_NP  was_VBDZ  Professor_NNSB1  of_IO  geometry_NN  here_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  lectures_NNS  were_VBDR  given_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1    which_DDQ  ,_,  incidentally_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  home_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  society_NN    till_IO  1768_MC  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  delivered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  exchange_NN  until_IO  1841_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  year_NN  when_CS the_AT1  present_JJ  Gresham_NP  College_NNL1  was_VBDZ  erected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  precisely_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  reason_NN  that_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  a_AT1  new_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  school_NN  ,_,  or_CC  academy_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  into_IO  existence_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  wider_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  practical_JJ  mathematics_NN  and_CC  physics_NN  ,_,  than_IO  that_DD1  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  public_NN  and_CC  grammar_NN  schools_NNS  whose_PNQV$  sole_JB  preoccupation_NN  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  classics_NNS  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Humphrey_NP  Gilbert_NP  (_(  1539-1583_MC-MC  )_)  proposed_VVD  the_AT1  erection_NN  of_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  Academy_NP  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1572_MC  .  
  by_IO  now_RL  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  printing_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  this_DD1  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  writing_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  vernacular_NN  ,_,  of_IO  numerous_JJ  popular_JJ  compendia_NNS  of_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  editions_NNS  through_IO  which_DDQ  many_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  compendia_NNS  and_CC  encyclopaedia_NN  went_VVD  indicates_VBZ  the_AT1  thirst_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  times_NNS  for_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  the_AT1    pearl_NN  philosophic_JJ    (_(    margarita_&FW  philosophica_&FW    )_)  of_IO  Gregorius_NP  Reisch_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  first_RR  printed_VBN  in_IO  1503_MC  .  
  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  of_IO  astronomy_NN  ,_,  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,  chemistry_NN  ,_,  optics_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  treated_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  encyclopaedia_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  illustrated_VBN  and_CC  intended_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  textbook_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  students_NNS  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  on_IO    natural_JJ  magic_NN    Giambatista_NP  Porta_NP  (_(  \0c_RR  1541-1615_MC-MC  )_)  dealt_VVD  with_IO  such_DA  topics_NNS  as_IO  optical_JJ  experiments_NNS  ,_,  mirrors_NNS  ,_,  experiments_NNS  on_RP  statics_NNS  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  of_IO  Nicholas_NP  of_IO  Cusa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  pneumatic_JJ  experiments_NNS  similar_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Hero_NP  .  
  an_AT1  English_JJ  edition_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  1658_MC  .  
  the_AT1  reformation_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  an_AT1  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  science_NN  .  
  the_AT1  refusal_NN  to_TO  submit_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  spiritual_JJ  authority_NN  carried_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  other_DA  fields_NNS  and_CC  helped_VVD  to_TO  emancipate_VV0  physics_NN  from_IO  Aristotle's_PPIO2    tyranny_NN    .  
  in_IO  1535_MC  the_AT1  students_NNS  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  College_NNL1  were_VBDR  permitted_VBN  to_TO  receive_VV0  instruction_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  lecturer_NN  in_IO  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  to_TO  receive_VV0  two_MC  shillings_NNS  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  half_DB  that_DD1  sum_NN  being_VBG  paid_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  College_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  audience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Edwardian_JJ  code_NN  of_IO  July_NN1  1549_MC  enjoined_VVD  that_CS  disputations_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  regularly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  disputations_NNS  in_IO  mathematics_NN  ,_,  dialectics_NN  and_CC  in_IO  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  held_VBN  on_IO  Thursdays_NN2  ,_,  Fridays_NN2  and_CC  Sundays_NN2  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  given_VBN  some_DD  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  university_NN  disputations_NNS  from_IO  Izaak_NP  Walton's_PPIO2  life_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Wotton_NP  (_(  1568-1639_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  he_PPHO1  writes_VBZ  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Henry_NP  :_:    about_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  year_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  proceed_VV0  Master_NNSB1  of_IO  arts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  read_VVD  in_IO  Latine_NN1  three_MC  lectures_NNS  de_&FW  Oculo_&FW  :_:  wherein_CS he_PPHO1  having_VHG  described_VBN  the_AT1  form_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  motion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  curious_JJ  compositione_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  and_CC  demonstrated_VBN  ,_,  how_CS of_IO  these_DD2  very_RG  many_DA  ,_,  every_AT1  humour_NN  and_CC  nerve_NN  performs_VBZ  its_APP$  distinct_JJ  office_NN  .  .  
  after_IO  these_DD2  observations_NNS  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  to_TO  dispute_VV0  this_DD1  optique_JJ  question_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  emission_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beams_NNS  from_IO  within_II  ,_,  or_CC  reception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  species_NN  from_IO  without_II  .    
  by_IO  the_AT1  visitation_NN  of_IO  1549_MC  a_AT1  Reader_NNSB1  in_IO  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  for_IO  all_DB  souls_NNS  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  .  
  in_IO  1551_MC  Michael_NP  Renninger_NP  (_(  or_CC  Rhanger_NP  ,_,  1530-1609_MC-MC  )_)  was_VBDZ  appointed_VBN  to_TO  lecture_VV0  on_IO  natural_JJ  philosophy_NN  at_IO  Magdalen_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  Oxford_NP  .  
  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  is_VBZ  significant_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  several_DA  educational_JJ  treatises_NNS  that_PNQS paved_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  presentation_NN  of_IO  studies_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  university_NN  curricula_NNS  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  and_CC  which_DDQ  encouraged_VVD  realism_NN  in_IO  education_NN  in_IO  distinction_NN  to_IO  scholastic_JJ  formalism_NN  .  
  the_AT1  writings_NNS  of_IO  Ramus_NP  ,_,  Francis_NP  Bacon_NP  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Thomas_NP  Elyot_NP  ,_,  Rabelais_NP  ,_,  Vives_NP  and_CC  Melanchthon_NP  all_DB  catch_VV0  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  reserved_VBN  to_IO  scientific_JJ  education_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  nature_NN  by_IO  inductive_JJ  speculation_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  worship_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  quadrivium_NN  Ramus_NP  would_VM  substitute_VV0  mathematics_NN  ,_,  physics_NN  (_(  including_IO  astronomy_NN  )_)  ,_,  metaphysics_NN  and_CC  ethics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  textbook_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  physics_NN  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  own_DA  treatise_NN  ,_,    studies_NNS  in_IO  physics_NN  ,_,    which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  criticism_NN  of_IO  Aristotle_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  latter's_$  physics_NN  ,_,  on_IO  Pliny's_PPIO2  natural_JJ  history_NN  and_CC  on_IO  Virgil's_PPIO2  Georgics_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  De_&FW  Tradendis_&FW  Disciplinis_&FW  (_(  1531_MC  )_)  Vives_NP  advocated_VVD  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  physics_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  subject_NN  still_RR  needed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  systematised_VBN  and_CC  simplified_VBN  before_CS  it_PPH1  lent_VVD  itself_PPX1  to_IO  instruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  .  
  chapter_NN  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  genuine_JJ  scientific_JJ  curiosity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  natural_JJ  philosopher_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  curiosity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  of_IO  leisure_NN  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  diversions_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  puritans'_NN2  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  phenomena_NNS  of_IO  God's_PPIO2  creation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  monetary_JJ  interests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  manufacturer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  miner_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  engineer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  alchemist_NN  ,_,  physics_NN  made_VVD  great_JJ  advances_NNS  .  
  experimentation_NN  increased_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  trickle_NN  into_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  flood_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  so_RG  much_RR  so_PN1  that_CS  science_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  danger_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  reduced_VBN    to_IO  a_AT1  worship_NN  and_CC  idolisation_NN  of_IO  experiment_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  in_IO  itself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  achievements_NNS  of_IO  earlier_JJ  physicists_NNS  were_VBDR  crowned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  Galileo_NP  and_CC  Torricelli_NP  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Guericke_NP  in_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Huygens_NP  and_CC  Snell_NP  in_IO  Holland_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Mariotte_NP  and_CC  Descartes_NP  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  Boyle_NP  ,_,  Hooke_NP  ,_,  Halley_NP  and_CC  Newton_NP  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  their_APP$  advances_NNS  marked_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  era_NN  of_IO  doubt_NN  and_CC  confusion_NN  and_CC  proclaimed_VVD  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO    modern_JJ    physics_NN  .  
  Newton's_PPIO2  (_(  1642-1727_MC-MC  )_)    principia_&FW    was_VBDZ  published_VBN  in_IO  1687_MC  in_IO  Latin_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  defined_VVD  mass_NN  ,_,  force_NN  ,_,  momentum_NN  ,_,  acceleration_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  clearly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  worked_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  laws_NNS  of_IO  motion_NN  .  
  in_IO  1668_MC  Newton_NP  constructed_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  reflecting_JJ  telescope_NN  .  
  eight_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  his_APP$  experiments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  white_JJ  light_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  prism_NN  .  
  Newton_NP  also_RR  investigated_VVD  the_AT1  colours_NNS  of_IO  thin_JJ  plates_NNS  and_CC  coloured_JJ  rings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  bending_NN  of_IO  light_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  coloured_JJ  fringes_NNS  at_IO  narrow_JJ  slits_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  observations_NNS  on_IO  double_JJ  refraction_NN  in_IO  Iceland_NP  spar_NN  laid_VVD  the_AT1  foundations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  polarisation_NN  of_IO  light_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  controversy_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  light_NN  Newton_NP  threw_VVD  his_APP$  great_JJ  authority_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  emission_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  wave_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  Hooke_NP  and_CC  Huygens_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  abeyance_NN  for_IO  over_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  1658_MC  that_CS  Robert_NP  Boyle_NP  (_(  1627-91_MC-MC  )_)  invented_VVD  his_APP$  improved_JJ  air_NN  pump_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  performed_VVD  his_APP$  classic_JJ  experiments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  weight_NN  ,_,  pressure_NN  and_CC  elasticity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  played_VBN  by_IO  air_NN  in_IO  respiration_NN  and_CC  in_IO  acoustics_NN  .  
  Boyle_NP  encouraged_VVD  study_NN  of_IO  experimental_JJ  physics_NN  by_IO  writing_VBG  (_(  in_IO  1663_MC  )_)    some_DD  considerations_NNS  touching_IO  the_AT1  usefulnesse_NN  of_IO  experimental_JJ  naturall_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  .  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  invitation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    and_CC  by_IO  writing_VBG  (_(  in_IO  1664_MC  )_)    experiments_NNS  and_CC  considerations_NNS  touching_IO  colours_NNS    in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  deliberately_RR  gave_VVD  a_AT1  simple_JJ  and_CC  popular_JJ  outline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  encourage_VV0  more_DA  readers_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  the_AT1  fair_JJ  sex_NN  .  
  Boyle's_PPIO2  assistant_NN  ,_,  Robert_NP  Hooke_NP  ,_,  propounded_VVD  his_APP$  law_NN    ut_&FW  tensio_&FW  ,_,  sic_&FW  vis_&FW    about_IO  1658_MC  .  
  in_IO  1666_MC  he_PPHO1  measured_VVD  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  gravity_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  swinging_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pendulum_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fixing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thermometric_JJ  zero_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  freezing_NN  point_NN  of_IO  water_NN  is_VBZ  due_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  1666_MC  he_PPHO1  demonstrated_VVD  magnetic_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  force_NN  using_VBG  iron_NN  filings_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  movable_JJ  magnetic_JJ  needle_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  micrographia_&FW  (_(  1665_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  7_MC  )_)  he_PPHO1  advocated_VVD  increased_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  experimental_JJ  physics_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO    discourse_NN  and_CC  disputation_NN  ,_,    since_CS  :_:      these_DD2  being_VBG  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  humane_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  remedies_NNS  of_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  can_VM  only_RR  proceed_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  philosophy_NN  .    
  remarkable_JJ  advances_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  made_VBN  in_IO  applied_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  invention_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  steam_NN  engine_NN  by_IO  Edward_NP  Somerset_NP  (_(  1601-67_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  second_MD  Marquis_NNSB1  of_IO  Worcester_NP  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  practical_JJ  steam_NN  engine_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  1698_MC  by_IO  Thomas_NP  Savery_NP  (_(  1650-1715_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  scientific_JJ  instruments_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  available_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  scale_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  among_IO  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  barometers_NNS  ,_,  thermometers_NNS  ,_,  telescopes_NNS  ,_,  microscopes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  camera_NN  obscura_NN"  ,_,  lenses_NNS  and_CC  prisms_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  profession_NN    that_DD1  of_IO  mathematical_JJ  and_CC  scientific_JJ  instrument_NN  maker_NN    arose_VVD  to_TO  supply_VV0  the_AT1  demands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  experimental_JJ  sciences_NNS  .  
  James_NP  Moxon_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS lived_VVD  on_IO  Ludgate_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  such_DA  ;_;  another_DD1  was_VBDZ  John_NP  Yarwell_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS sold_VVD  his_APP$  scientific_JJ  apparatus_NN  at_IO    the_AT1  Archimedes_NP  and_CC  three_MC  golden_JJ  prospects_NNS  near_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  north-door_NN  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Paul's_PPIO2  Church-yard_NNL1  ,_,  London_NP  .    
  the_AT1  advances_NNS  in_IO  science_NN  and_CC  in_IO  applied_JJ  science_NN  were_VBDR  largely_RR  the_AT1  fruits_NNS  of_IO  substituting_VBG  observation_NN  and_CC  experiment_NN  for_IO  dogmatism_NN  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  a-priori_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  Aristotelian_JJ  physics_NN  .  
  first_MD  investigation_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  to_TO  sort_VV0  out_RP  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  intricacies_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  the_AT1  foundation_NN  carried_VVD  out_RP  two_MC  small_JJ  investigations_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  schools_NNS  assisted_VVD  in_IO  these_DD2  studies_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  help_NN  and_CC  co-operation_NN  is_VBZ  gratefully_RR  acknowledged_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  streamed_VBN  by_IO  age_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  grouped_VBN  in_IO  classes_NNS  according_IO  to_II  age_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  contributing_JJ  infant_NN  school_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  junior_JJ  headmaster_NN  accepted_VVD  these_DD2  groupings_NNS  and_CC  maintained_VVD  them_PPHO1  throughout_IO  his_APP$  school_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  performance_NN  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  children_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  were_VBDR  given_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  term_NN  1959_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  foundation's_NN1$  sentence_NN  reading_VBG  test_NN  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  median_JJ  raw_JJ  and_CC  standardised_JJ  scores_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  mean_JJ  ages_NNS  and_CC  age_NN  ranges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  year_NN  groups_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC  .  
  class_NN  5_MC  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exception_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO    streaming_VBG    by_IO  age_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  poor_JJ  readers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  2nd_MD  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  standardised_JJ  scores_NNS  (_(  mean_NN  100_MC  ,_,  \0S.D_NN  15_MC  )_)  contain_VV0  an_AT1  age_NN  allowance_NN  determined_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  test_NN  was_VBDZ  standardised_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  median_JJ  standardised_JJ  score_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  group_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  used_VBN  to_TO  determine_VV0  what_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  expected_JJ  median_JJ  raw_JJ  score_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  this_DD1  expected_JJ  median_JJ  raw_JJ  score_NN  was_VBDZ  then_RL  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  observed_JJ  median_JJ  raw_JJ  score_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  classes_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  grouped_VBN  by_IO  age_NN  only_RR    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  within_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  full_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  ability_NN    then_RL  the_AT1  observed_JJ  and_CC  expected_JJ  median_JJ  raw_JJ  scores_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  approximately_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  median_JB  observed_JJ  standardised_JJ  score_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  approximately_RR  equal_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  2_MC  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  complete_VV0  the_AT1  analysis_NN  the_AT1  children_NNS  from_IO  class_NN  5_MC  were_VBDR  distributed_VBN  into_IO  classes_NNS  3_MC  and_CC  4_MC  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  age_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  table_NN  2_MC  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  discrepancy_NN  between_IO  expected_JJ  and_CC  observed_JJ  scores_NNS  for_IO  classes_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  observed_JJ  scores_NNS  for_IO  class_NN  3_MC  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  well_RR  below_IO  expectation_NN  ,_,  while_CS  those_DD2  for_IO  class_NN  4_MC  are_VBR  well_RR  above_II  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  with_IO  class_NN  5_MC  may_VM  have_VH0  contributed_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  discrepancy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  same_DA  phenomenon_NN  occurs_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  classes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  3rd_MD  year_NN  group_NN  and_CC  also_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  classes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  4th_MD  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  age_NN    streaming_NN    is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  exact_JJ    there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  overlap_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  ranges_NNS  for_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  children_NNS  only_RR  and_CC  therefore_RR  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  3rd_MD  year_NN  group_NN  were_VBDR  re-calculated_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  analysis_NN  confined_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  children_NNS  falling_VBG  within_IO  a_AT1  five_MC  month_NN  group_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  class_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  3_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  clear_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  in_IO  table_NN  3_MC  that_CS  class_NN  8_MC  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  considerably_RR  better_RRR  than_CS  their_APP$  average_JJ  age_NN  indicates_VBZ  and_CC  class_NN  6_MC  not_XX  as_RG  well_RR  .  
  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  explanation_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  differences_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  differential_JJ  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  classes_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  all_DB  classes_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  were_VBDR  treated_VBN  as_CS    parallel_JJ    and_CC  a_AT1  careful_JJ  balance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  teaching_NN  strength_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  maintained_VBN  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  plausible_JJ  explanation_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  .  
  information_NN  was_VBDZ  obtained_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  variable_NN  for_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  3rd_MD  year_NN  group_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  showed_VVD  that_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  class_NN  6_MC  had_VHD  received_VBN  13_MC  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  and_CC  class_NN  8_MC  ,_,  15_MC  terms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  clear_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  school_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  relatively_RR  small_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  results_NNS  showed_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  school_NN  where_CS children_NNS  were_VBDR    streamed_VBN    by_IO  age_NN  ,_,  older_JJ  children_NNS  scored_VBN  higher_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  reading_NN  test_NN  than_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  while_CS  younger_JJ  children_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  perform_VV0  as_RG  well_RR  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  findings_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  expected_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  extra_JJ  term_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  schooling_NN  would_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  improved_JJ  performance_NN  .  
  second_MD  investigation_NN  .  
  following_IO  an_AT1  article_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  journal_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  streaming_NN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  school_NN  head_JB  teachers_NNS  interested_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  topic_NN  wrote_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  expressing_VBG  their_APP$  willingness_NN  to_TO  co-operate_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  relevant_JJ  research_NN  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  was_VBDZ  distinct_JJ  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  streaming_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  schools_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  readily_RR  agreed_VVD  to_TO  participate_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  investigation_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hoped_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  provide_VV0  more_RG  definite_JJ  evidence_NN  .  
  six_MC  junior_JJ  schools_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  administer_VV0  sentence_NN  reading_VBG  test_NN  1_MC  to_IO  all_DB  children_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  four_MC  year_NN  groups_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  obtain_VV0  for_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  a_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  completed_JJ  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  testing_NN  .  
  a_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  1,604_MC  children_NNS  were_VBDR  tested_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  relationship_NN  examined_VBN  between_IO  reading_NN  performance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  before_IO  considering_IO  any_DD  effect_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  within_IO  schools_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  highly_RR  significant_JJ  regression_NN  effect_NN  of_IO  raw_JJ  scores_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  test_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  using_VBG  this_DD1  regression_NN  the_AT1  expected_JJ  mean_JJ  reading_NN  scores_NNS  for_IO  given_JJ  lengths_NNS  of_IO  schooling_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  .  
  quite_RR  clearly_RR  reading_NN  test_NN  performance_NN  is_VBZ  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  after_CS  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  eliminated_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  regression_NN  of_IO  test_NN  score_NN  on_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  becomes_VBZ  statistically_RR  non-significant_JJ  (_(  taking_VBG  the_AT1  usual_JJ  5_MC  %_NNU  significance_NN  level_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  predicted_JJ  reading_NN  scores_NNS  for_IO  different_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  schooling_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  effect_NN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  5_MC  .  
  a_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  tables_NNS  4_MC  and_CC  5_MC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  score_NN  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  term's_NN1$  schooling_NN  has_VHZ  decreased_VBN  from_IO  approximately_RR  1.46_MC  to_IO  0.50_MC  points_NNS  of_IO  score_NN  ,_,  when_CS age_NN  is_VBZ  eliminated_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  second_MD  figure_NN  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  large_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  described_VBN  statistically_RR  as_CS  significantly_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  zero_MC  .  
  the_AT1  regression_NN  analysis_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  each_DD1  school_NN  separately_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  regression_NN  of_IO  reading_NN  score_NN  on_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  remained_VVD  statistically_RR  significant_JJ  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  in_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  schools_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  three-stream_JB  school_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  part_NN  ,_,    streamed_VVD    by_IO  age_NN  within_IO  each_DD1  year_NN  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  regression_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  significant_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  5_MC  %_NNU  level_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  five_MC  schools_NNS  agreed_VVD  with_IO  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  .  
  these_DD2  results_NNS  indicate_VV0  that_CS  while_CS  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  reading_NN  performance_NN  (_(  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.539_MC  )_)  there_EX  is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  close_JJ  correspondence_NN  between_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  and_CC  age_NN  (_(  r_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.979_MC  )_)  that_CS  ,_,  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  age_NN  when_CS considering_VBG  test_NN  score_NN  also_RR  allows_VBZ  for_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  .  
  this_DD1  analysis_NN  seemed_VVD  conclusive_JJ  enough_RGA  ;_;  there_EX  remained_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  any_DD  residual_JJ  effect_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  might_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  apparent_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  and_CC  that_CS  by_IO  carrying_VBG  out_RP  analyses_NNS  over_IO  all_DB  four_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  effect_NN  was_VBDZ  masked_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  regression_NN  analyses_NNS  were_VBDR  repeated_VBN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  covering_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  separately_RR  .  
  two_MC  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  omitted_VBN  from_IO  these_DD2  calculations_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  their_APP$  data_NNS  were_VBDR  incomplete_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  repeat_NN  analysis_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  second_MD  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  ages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  considered_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  found_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  within_IO  schools_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  highly_RR  significant_JJ  regression_NN  of_IO  raw_JJ  reading_NN  score_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  was_VBDZ  removed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  no_AT1  statistically_RR  significant_JJ  regression_NN  remained_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  regression_NN  analysis_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  of_MC2  each_DD1  school_NN  separately_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  same_DA  result_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  for_IO  each_DD1  .  
  thus_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  variations_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  have_VH0  no_AT1  residual_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  reading_NN  performance_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  once_CS  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  age_NN  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  for_IO  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  fourth_MD  years_NNS  the_AT1  regression_NN  of_IO  reading_NN  score_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  highly_RR  significant_JJ  before_CS  age_NN  was_VBDZ  considered_VBN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  were_VBDR  eliminated_VBN  ,_,  again_RR  the_AT1  regression_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  statistically_RR  significant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  repeat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  school_NN  separately_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  gave_VVD  results_NNS  for_IO  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  which_DDQ  agreed_VVD  with_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  the_AT1  totals_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  schools_NNS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  terms_NNS  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  still_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  significant_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  reading_NN  scores_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  participating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  investigations_NNS  were_VBDR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  streaming_VBG  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  schools_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  analyses_NNS  was_VBDZ  streamed_VBN  by_IO  ability_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  school_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  residual_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  .  
  one_MC1  other_DA  school_NN  practiced_VVD  no_AT1  streaming_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  school_NN  and_CC  except_IO  for_II  one_MC1    fast_JJ    class_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  fourth_MD  years_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  other_DA  classes_NNS  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  grouped_VBN  at_RR  random_RR  .  
  this_DD1  school_NN  also_RR  showed_VVD  no_AT1  residual_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  schools_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  streaming_NN  ,_,  not_XX  by_IO  ability_NN  but_CCB  by_IO  age_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  practiced_VBN  and_CC  in_IO  both_DB2  these_DD2  schools_NNS  the_AT1  residual_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  length_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  on_IO  reading_NN  performance_NN  was_VBDZ  significant_JJ  after_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  result_NN  agrees_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  investigation_NN  reported_VBN  above_II  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  school_NN  concerned_VBN  also_RR  streamed_VVD  by_IO  age_NN  .  
  discussion_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  schools_NNS  participating_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  investigation_NN  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  small_JJ  and_CC  since_CS  the_AT1  results_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  streaming_NN  practiced_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  school_NN  the_AT1  findings_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  reviewed_VBN  with_IO  caution_NN  .  
  there_EX  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  evidence_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  under_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  circumstances_NNS  pertaining_VBG  in_IO  most_DA  schools_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  due_JJ  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  child_NN  when_CS tested_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  due_JJ  compensation_NN  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  for_IO  any_DD  differences_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  exist_VV0  in_IO  length_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  practice_NN  of_IO  grouping_VBG  children_NNS  into_IO  classes_NNS  according_IO  to_II  their_APP$  age_NN  is_VBZ  adopted_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  evidence_NN  from_IO  both_DB2  investigations_NNS  reported_VBN  here_RL  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  even_RR  after_CS  due_JJ  allowance_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  reading_NN  performance_NN  still_RR  varies_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  received_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  residual_JJ  effect_NN  appears_VBZ  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  noticeable_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  .  
  the_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  results_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  residual_JJ  effect_NN  only_RR  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  due_JJ  purely_RR  to_IO  length_NN  of_IO  previous_JJ  schooling_NN  questionable_JJ  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  is_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  test_NN  scores_NNS  after_CS  age_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  considered_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  would_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  more_RG  noticeable_JJ  with_IO  younger_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  junior_JJ  school_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  observed_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  under_RP  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  of_IO    streaming_NN    by_IO  age_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  older_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS happen_VV0  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  those_DD2  who_PNQS have_VH0  received_VBN  a_AT1  longer_JJ  schooling_NN  ,_,  perform_VV0  better_RRR  than_CS  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  of_IO  children_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  younger_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  perform_VV0  below_IO  the_AT1  expectation_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  possibility_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  differential_JJ  performance_NN  effect_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  due_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  differences_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  of_IO  schooling_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  children_NNS  are_VBR    streamed_VBN    by_IO  age_NN  .  
  some_DD  evidence_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  obtained_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  streaming_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1    spread_NN    of_IO  test_NN  performance_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  ability_NN  streaming_NN  ,_,  more_DA  high_JJ  scores_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  more_DA  low_JJ  scores_NNS  are_VBR  produced_VBN  than_CS  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  children_NNS  not_XX  streamed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  that_CS  since_CS  older_JJ  children_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  group_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  doing_VBG  more_RG  advanced_JJ  work_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  simply_RR  by_IO  reason_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  older_JJ  stream_NN  will_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  being_VBG    better_JJ    than_IO  a_AT1  younger_JJ  stream_NN  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  ratepayers'_NN2  secondary_JJ  school_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  itself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  nineties_MC2  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  London_NP  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  ,_,  ever_RR  short_JJ  of_IO  good_JJ  pupil-teachers_NNS  ,_,  found_VVD  itself_PPX1  at_RR  length_RR  in_IO  friendly_JJ  competition_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  \0T.E.B_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  teacher_NN  training_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  pupil_NN  teacher_NN  centres_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1    college_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  Greystoke_NP  Place_NNL1  building_NN  off_IO  Chancery_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  began_VVD  to_TO  undertake_VV0  this_DD1  work_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0L.C.C_NP  has_VHZ  in_IO  more_RG  recent_JJ  times_NNS  publicly_RR  described_VBN  as_CS  illegal_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  occasion_NN  he_PPHO1  referred_VVD  in_IO  quite_RR  different_JJ  terms_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  \0T.E.B_NP  as_CS  taking_VBG    a_AT1  wide_JJ  and_CC  generous_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  duties_NNS    in_IO  its_APP$  first_MD  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  day_NN  training_NN  College_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  initiatory_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  various_JJ  other_DA  institutions_NNS  destined_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  London_NP  University_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Webb_NP  influence_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  powerful_JJ  democratic_JJ  agencies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  boards_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  thus_RR  at_IO  various_JJ  points_NNS  in_IO  rivalry_NN  with_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  for_IO  the_AT1  custom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  teen-agers_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  several_DA  spheres_NNS  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  was_VBDZ  undercutting_VBG  the_AT1  institutions_NNS  supported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  education_NN  board_NN  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  Sidney_NP  Webb_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  driving_JJ  force_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dominion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  school_NN  board_NN  was_VBDZ  at_RR  length_RR  overthrown_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  auditor_NN  ,_,  strongly_RR  backed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  courts_NNS  of_IO  appeal_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  board_NN  had_VHD  grossly_RR  exceeded_VBN  its_APP$  parliamentary_JJ  powers_NNS  in_IO  spending_VBG  ratepayers'_NN2  money_NN  on_IO  evening_NN  and_CC  continuation_NN  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  atmosphere_NN  created_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  challenge_NN  ,_,  all_DB  school_NN  boards_NNS  now_RL  found_VVD  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  hazard_NN  .  
  their_APP$  friends_NNS  had_VHD  diminished_VBN  in_IO  numbers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  vigorous_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  outraged_JJ  feelings_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  growing_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  inferiority_NN  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  onslaughts_NNS  from_IO  tory_JJ  supporters_NNS  of_IO  church_NN  schools_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  criticisms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  engineers_NNS  playing_VBG  earnestly_RR  with_IO  their_APP$  one_MC1  and_CC  two-tier_JB  models_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  rooms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Fabian_JJ  society_NN  .  
  one_MC1  embarrassing_JJ  complication_NN  which_DDQ  tested_VVD  the_AT1  pliable_JJ  diplomacy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Webbs_NP  arose_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  school_NN  board_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  reforming_JJ  associate_NN  Graham_NP  Wallas_NP  ,_,  passionately_RR  disposed_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  defend_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  grounds_NNS  of_IO  free-thinking_JJ  principle_NN  .  
  this_DD1  old_JJ  friendship_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fellow_JB  Fabian_NN1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  while_NN  in_IO  jeopardy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Graham_NP  Wallas_NP  stood_VVD  fast_JJ  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  struggle_NN  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  supporters_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  only_DA  staunch_JJ  reserves_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  rallying_NN  ground_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  susceptible_JJ  nonconformist_JJ  conscience_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  frequently_RR  in_IO  disarray_NN  because_CS  never_RR  quite_RR  sure_JJ  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  all_DB  the_AT1  hostile_JJ  forces_NNS  correctly_RR  identified_VBN  .  
  these_DD2  forces_NNS  were_VBDR  numerous_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  now_RL  after_IO  sixty_MC  years_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  anyone_PN1  whose_PNQV$  sympathies_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  enlisted_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  against_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS emerged_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  honours_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  consequent_JJ  good_JJ  press_NN  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  school_NN  board_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  gallant_JJ  success_NN  against_IO  many_DA  odds_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  (_(  in_IO  1871_MC  )_)  ,_,  when_CS Thomas_NP  Huxley_NP  drafted_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  curriculum_NN  reform_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  colleagues_NNS  were_VBDR  succeeded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  most_RG  able_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  quality_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  bring_VV0  outstanding_JJ  distinction_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  county_NN  education_NN  committee_NN  today_NN1  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  equipped_VVD  with_IO  such_DA  talents_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  had_VHD  undertaken_VBN  to_TO  civilize_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  backward_JJ  and_CC  barbarous_JJ  and_CC  misgoverned_JJ  urban_JJ  committees_NNS  in_IO  Christendom_NN1  ;_;  it_PPH1  had_VHD  carried_VBN  through_RP  what_DDQ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Lowndes_NP  had_VHD  aptly_RR  described_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  silent_JJ  social_JJ  revolution_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  constitutional_JJ  development_NN  the_AT1  school_NN  boards_NNS  taught_VVD  the_AT1  country_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  machinery_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ratepayers'_NN2  democracy_NN    a_AT1  democracy_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  men_NNS    and_CC  moreover_RR  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  defence_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  principles_NNS  wider_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  restraint_NN  of_IO  petty_JJ  corruption_NN  .  
  their_APP$  champions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  few_DA  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  but_IO  the_AT1  ugly_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  they_PPHS2  administered_VVD  has_VHZ  passed_VBN  into_IO  oblivion_NN  .  
  how_CS far_RR  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Webbs_NP2  responsible_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  demise_NN  .  
  that_CS  an_AT1  ad_JJ  hoc_JJ"  education_NN  authority_NN  ,_,  with_IO  powers_NNS  limited_VBN  (_(  the_AT1  courts_NNS  now_RL  declared_VVD  )_)  to_IO  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  instruction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  Rs_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  anachronism_NN  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  evident_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  at_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  undoubtedly_RR  the_AT1  administrative_JJ  triumph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0T.E.B_NP  in_IO  so_RG  completely_RR  filling_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  gaps_NNS  in_IO  education_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  county_NN  councils_NNS  the_AT1  final_JJ  take-over_NN  claimants_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  all-purpose_JB  authorities_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  elementary_JJ  and_CC  secondary_JJ  sectors_NNS  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  \0L.C.C_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0L.S.B_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  war_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  knife_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  were_VBDR  dismayed_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  national_JJ  colouring_NN  their_APP$  rivalry_NN  had_VHD  assumed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  \0L.C.C_NP  almost_RR  fell_VVD  over_RP  backwards_RR  ,_,  repeatedly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  no_AT1  greed_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  inheritance_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  awful_JJ  responsibilities_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  different_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  complexity_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  offered_VBN  by_IO  street_NN  markets_NNS  and_CC  outfall_NN  sewers_NNS  .  
  whilst_CS  this_DD1  rather_RR  ugly_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  national_JJ  politics_NN  was_VBDZ  unfolded_VBN  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  grinding_NN  of_IO  axes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  scuffles_NNS  and_CC  squeaks_NNS  of_IO  burrowing_JJ  intriguers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  ranges_NNS  of_IO  administration_NN  could_VM  often_RR  be_VB0  heard_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Westminster_NP  traffic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  wish_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  councillors_NNS  in_IO  Spring_NP  Gardens_NPLS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  somehow_RR  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  .  
  matters_NNS  first_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  head_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  Sidney_NP  and_CC  Beatrice_NP  on_IO  an_AT1  extensive_JJ  tour_NN  abroad_RR  .  
  Garnett_NP  was_VBDZ  successful_JJ  in_IO  swiftly_RR  adopting_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  Whitehall_NP  administrative_JJ  provision_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  now_RL  used_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  \0T.E.B_NP  the_AT1  grant-distributing_JJ  authority_NN  for_IO  London_NP  of_IO  national_JJ  science_NN  and_CC  art_NN  payments_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  outraged_VVD  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  as_CS  Garnett_NP  astutely_RR  observed_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  made_VVD  his_APP$  \0L.C.C_NP  board_NN  the_AT1  effective_JJ  authority_NN  for_IO  secondary_JJ  classes_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  ball_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  set_VBN  rolling_VBG  .  did_VDD  not_XX  stop_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  later_RRR  ,_,    until_CS  the_AT1  education_NN  acts_NNS  .  had_VHD  revolutionised_VBN  .  administration_NN  .  throughout_IO  the_AT1  country_NN    .  
  William_NP  Garnett_NP  and_CC  Robert_NP  Morant_NP  (_(  who_PNQS drafted_VVD  the_AT1  bill_NN  of_IO  1902_MC  and_CC  was_VBDZ  rapidly_RR  promoted_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  first_MD  permanent_JJ  secretary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  board_NN  of_IO  education_NN  )_)  have_VH0  shared_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  friendly_JJ  biographer_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  long_RR  been_VBN  known_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  network_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  activity_NN  within_IO  which_DDQ  steps_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  ball_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  rolling_VBG  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  much_RR  less_RG  clear_JJ  is_VBZ  how_CS far_RR  Sidney_NP  Webb_NP  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  taken_VBN  by_IO  affairs_NNS  in_IO  1901_MC  and_CC  1902_MC  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS closely_RR  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  with_IO  Morant_NP  ,_,  with_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Beatrice_NP  were_VBDR  of_RR  course_RR  later_RRR  to_TO  quarrel_VV0  over_IO  social_JJ  insurance_NN  .  
  Beatrice's_PPIO2  diaries_NNS  provide_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  information_NN  and_CC  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   light_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  views_NNS  .  
  Sidney_NP  had_VHD  little_DA  or_CC  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  incidents_NNS  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Cockerton_NP  judgment_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  misuse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school-board_JB  fund_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  both_DB2  that_CS  the_AT1  Fabian_JJ  tract_NN  106_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  education_NN  muddle_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  way_NN  out_RP  (_(  1901_MC  )_)  was_VBDZ  essentially_RR  the_AT1  fruit_NN  of_IO  Sidney's_PPIO2  thinking_NN  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  tract_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lobbying_NN  pressures_NNS  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  by_IO  Sidney_NP  greatly_RR  influenced_VVD  the_AT1  drafting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  bill_NN  .  
  tract_NN  106_MC  itself_PPX1  made_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  first_RR  for_IO  local_JJ  control_NN  of_IO  education_NN  ,_,  next_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  unified_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  claims_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  all-purpose_JB  authority_NN  the_AT1  form_NN  and_CC  frame_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  existed_VVD  since_IO  1888_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  and_CC  county_NN  borough_NN  councils_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  important_JJ  document_NN  (_(  largely_RR  penned_VBN  by_IO  Webb_NP  )_)  in_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  educational_JJ  administration_NN  is_VBZ  set_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  related_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  assurance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  development_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  child's_NN1$  faculties_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  major_JJ  texts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  available_JJ  for_IO  profitable_JJ  scrutiny_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  student_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  conspiracy_NN  of_IO  modesty_NN  about_IO  Sidney's_PPIO2  real_JJ  claim_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  of_IO  1902_MC  ;_;  and_CC  thus_RR  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  ancestor_NN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  subsequent_JJ  achievements_NNS  and_CC  woes_NNS  .  
  avoiding_VBG  one_MC1  counsel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Fabian_JJ  tract_NN  ,_,  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  school_NN  boards_NNS  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  saved_VBN  for_IO  limited_JJ  purposes_NNS  because_IO  of_II  their_APP$  superior_JJ  efficiency_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  their_APP$  abolition_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  argument_NN  for_IO  Sidney's_PPIO2  paternity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  1902_MC  is_VBZ  in_IO  places_NNS  weak_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  word_NN  God-father_NC2  would_VM  be_VB0  unfortunate_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS    though_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  voluntary_JJ  schools_NNS  were_VBDR  protected_VBN  by_IO  angels_NNS  ,_,  Sidney_NP  for_IO  reasons_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  him_PPHO1  credit_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  their_APP$  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  education_NN  bill_NN  of_IO  1902_MC  to_TO  aid_VV0  denominational_JJ  schools_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  Sidney_NP  Webb_NP  before_CS  it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  Robert_NP  Morant_NP  ,_,  as_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brennan_NP  has_VHZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  agony_NN  of_IO  creation_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  tremendous_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  reconstruction_NN  was_VBDZ  of_RR  course_RR  experienced_VBN  by_IO  Morant_NP  .  
  Professor_NNSB1  Eric_NP  Eaglesham_NP  has_VHZ  now_RL  brought_VBN  this_DD1  out_RP  quite_RR  clearly_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  gestures_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  friendly_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  ambiguous_JJ  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  board_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  hour_NN  of_IO  crisis_NN  ,_,  Sidney_NP  became_VVD  confirmed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  must_VM  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  have_VH0  privately_RR  nourished_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  monolithic_JJ  education_NN  authority_NN  was_VBDZ  appropriate_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  areas_NNS  having_VHG  county_NN  councils_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  London's_PPIO2  county_NN  council_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  omitted_VBN  from_IO  Balfour's_PPIO2  measure_NN  as_IO  far_RR  too_RG  tricky_JJ  a_AT1  proposition_NN  to_TO  handle_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  ought_VM  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  sole_JB  governor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schools_NNS  within_IO  its_APP$  area_NN  .  
  in_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  latter_DA  view_NN  Sidney_NP  was_VBDZ  part_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unsuccessful_JJ  minority_NN  ,_,  hard_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  successful_JJ  majority_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  process_NN  of_IO  wire-pulling_NN  and_CC  lobbying_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  education_NN  in_IO  London_NP  came_VVD  before_IO  parliament_NN  for_IO  separate_JJ  consideration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  session_NN  .  
  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  that_DD1  preceding_JJ  summer_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  general_JJ  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  fought_VBN  through_IO  many_DA  embittered_JJ  weeks_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  Sidney_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  lose_VV0  his_APP$  assured_JJ  touch_NN  in_IO  London_NP  county_NN  politics_NN  .  
  democratic_JJ  feeling_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  supported_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  no_AT1  help_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  following_NN  of_IO  Ramsey_NP  MacDonald_NP  ,_,  always_RR  a_RR  little_RR  suspicious_JJ  of_IO  higher_JJ  education_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  Webbs_NP2  as_IO  promoters_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  self-regarding_JJ  motives_NNS  of_IO  London's_PPIO2  middle_JB  classes_NNS  .  
  Sidney_NP  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  distrustful_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  party_NN  the_AT1  progressives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  quite_RR  out_RP  of_IO  sympathy_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  angry_JJ  radical_JJ  dissenters_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  gladly_RR  have_VH0  upset_VBN  the_AT1  education_NN  apple-cart_NN  to_TO  cheat_VV0  the_AT1  Anglicans_NP2  and_CC  of_IO  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  lost_VBN  the_AT1  chairmanship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  technical_JJ  education_NN  board_NN  ,_,  Sidney_NP  failed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  re-elected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  Beatrice's_PPIO2  views_NNS  ,_,  opposing_VBG  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  called_VVD    pure_JJ  materialism_NN    as_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  philosophy_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  inculcated_VBN  by_IO  school_NN  masters_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  begun_VBN  vigorously_RR  to_TO  assert_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  certainly_RR  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  wished_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  animosities_NNS  and_CC  frictions_NNS  hitherto_RR  encouraged_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  dual_JJ  system_NN  from_IO  becoming_VBG  more_RG  severe_JJ  or_CC  from_IO  wrecking_VBG  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  secondary_JJ  education_NN  ;_;  and_CC  so_RR  she_PPHO1  for_IO  religious_JJ  reasons_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  because_CS  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  in_IO  fairness_NN  and_CC  hated_VVD  the_AT1  bigotry_NN  of_IO  secularists_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  efficiency_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  served_VBN  by_IO  having_VHG  Roman_JJ  catholic_JJ  and_CC  Anglican_JJ  schools_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  fold_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  education_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  outside_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  favoured_VVD  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  voluntary_JJ  schools_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  local_JJ  taxation_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  Webbs_NP2  had_VHD  their_APP$  triumph_NN  ,_,  and_CC  incidentally_RR  Sidney_NP  lost_VVD  even_RR  more_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  radical_JJ  support_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  shaping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  education_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1903_MC  ,_,  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Unionist_JJ  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  completed_VVD  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  reconstruction_NN  .  
  this_DD1  measure_NN  reached_VVD  its_APP$  revised_JJ  and_CC  final_JJ  form_NN  only_RR  after_CS  the_AT1  party_NN  leaders_NNS  had_VHD  terrified_VBN  nearly_RR  every_AT1  vested_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  London_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  threat_NN  to_TO  create_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  authority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  ad_JJ  hoc_JJ"  body_NN  of_IO  nominated_JJ  members_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  metropolitan_JJ  water_NN  board_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  offering_VBG  much_DA  power_NN  and_CC  influence_NN  in_IO  school_NN  provision_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  recently_RR  created_VBN  metropolitan_JJ  boroughs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  of_IO  1903_MC  has_VHZ  such_DA  a_AT1  startling_JJ  topicality_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  proposals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  on_IO  greater_JJ  London_NP  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  one_MC1  without_IO  expressing_VBG  views_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  Webbs_NP2  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  less_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  one-man_JB  battle_NN  than_CS  is_VBZ  hinted_VBN  at_IO  in_IO  Beatrice's_PPIO2  diaries_NNS  ,_,  Sidney_NP  got_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  for_IO  London_NP  ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  county_NN  authority_NN    an_AT1  authority_NN  formally_RR  charged_VBN  with_IO  responsibility_NN  for_IO  all_DB  educational_JJ  activity_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  vote_NN  within_IO  its_APP$  boundaries_NNS  ,_,  save_IO  the_AT1  University_NNL1  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  least_DA  bit_NN  of_IO  ad_NN  hoccery_NN"  here_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  triumph_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Webb_NP  principle_NN  ,_,  as_CS  currently_RR  promulgated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  consolidated_JJ  all-purpose_JB  local_JJ  responsibility_NN  vested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  county_NN  ;_;  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  decidedly_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  trend_NN  followed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  London's_PPIO2  water_NN  ,_,  road_NN  transport_NN  ,_,  harbour_NN  facilities_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  all_DB  slipped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  municipal_JJ  socialism_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  operated_VVD  a_AT1  peripheral_JJ  weapon_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  more_RRR  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  justify_VV0  its_APP$  being_NN  and_CC  expansion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  just_RR  as_RG  guilty_JJ  as_IO  their_APP$  superiors_NNS  of_IO  over-estimating_VBG  their_APP$  weapon's_NN1$  effectiveness_NN  and_CC  dreaming_VBG  of_IO  its_APP$  potential_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  apt_JJ  to_TO  divert_VV0  power_NN  from_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  programme_NN  by_IO  boasting_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  claims_NNS  of_IO  airshipmen_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  ,_,  helped_VVD  create_VV0  the_AT1  vast_JJ  anti-Zeppelin_JB  forces_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  maintained_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  astute_JJ  man_NN  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_DD1  what_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  enemy_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  equipment_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  it_PPH1  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  invulnerability_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  German_JJ  airships_NNS  possessed_VVD  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  claimed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  delivery_NN  system_NN  .  
  between_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  enthusiasts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  reactionaries_NNS  created_VVD  a_AT1  vast_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  insecurity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  faced_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  the_AT1  responsible_JJ  authorities_NNS  generally_RR  erred_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  safe_JJ  side_NN  .  
  any_DD  new_JJ  weapon_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  its_APP$  small_JJ  band_NN  of_IO  disciples_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  effectively_RR  ,_,  more_DA  personnel_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  recruited_VBN  .  
  volunteers_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  hard_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  by_RP  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  lure_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  combat_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  new-fangled_JJ  device_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  expanded_JJ  staff_NN  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  short_JJ  on_IO  experienced_JJ  career_NN  men_NNS  and_CC  long_JJ  on_IO  hostilities_NNS  only_RR  or_CC  draftee_NN  recruits_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  places_VBZ  the_AT1  weapon_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  disadvantage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  Whitehall_NP  where_CS it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  difficulty_NN  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  thin_JJ  red_JJ  tape_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  peacetime_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  out_RP  of_IO  favour_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  commanding_JJ  position_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  wartime_NN  development_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  for_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  acquire_VV0  decidedly_RR  more_DA  brains_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  unit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  undisciplined_JJ  will_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  test_VV0  regulations_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  and_CC  by_IO  empirical_JJ  means_NNS  come_VV0  to_IO  new_JJ  conclusions_NNS  in_IO  both_DB2  technology_NN  and_CC  technique_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  naval_JJ  air_NN  service_NN  did_VDD  with_IO  not_XX  only_RR  air_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  with_IO  armoured_JJ  cars_NNS  and_CC  tanks_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  where_CS an_AT1  entirely_RR  new_JJ  element_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  investigated_VBN  .  
  airships_NNS  presented_VVD  many_DA  unknowns_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  solved_VBN  and_CC  these_DD2  ranged_VVD  from_IO  metallurgical_JJ  questions_NNS  to_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  aerodynamics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  weapon_NN  also_RR  presents_VBZ  all_DB  decision-makers_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evaluation_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  from_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  enemy's_NN1$  and_CC  one's_$  own_DA  work_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  there_EX  arises_VBZ  the_AT1  question_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  acceptable_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  airships_NNS  ,_,  should_VM  all_DB  the_AT1  money_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  put_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  Mayfly_NP  .  
  while_CS  the_AT1  answer_NN  in_IO  1908-9_MC-MC  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  yes_NC2  ,_,  in_IO  1924_MC  it_PPH1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_NC2  .  
  in_IO  almost_RR  any_DD  programme_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  but_II  one_MC1  prototype_NN  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  lead_VV0  to_IO  delay_NN  ,_,  confusion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  losses_NNS  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  disaster_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  likelihood_NN  of_IO  such_DA  is_VBZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  eliminated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  advances_NNS  in_IO  technology_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  psychological_JJ  and_CC  politico-economic_JJ  forces_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  still_RR  persists_VBZ  in_IO  an_AT1  approach_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  called_VBN  into_IO  question_NN  where_CS real_JJ  economics_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  highly_RR  unscientific_JJ  to_TO  place_VV0  too_RG  many_DA  innovations_NNS  in_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  test_NN  vehicle_NN  ,_,  if_CS  for_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  reason_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  attenuates_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  testing_NN  period_NN  .  
  ideally_RR  ,_,  merely_RR  one_MC1  change_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  tried_VBN  until_CS  proven_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  demonstrated_VBN  in_IO  R101_ZZ1  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  every_AT1  new_JJ  weapon_NN  needs_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  three_MC  prototypes_NNS  :_:  one_MC1  for_IO  operational_JJ  research_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  for_IO  technical_JJ  modifications_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  for_IO  experimental_JJ  use_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  testbed_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  next-generation_JB  ideas_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  prototype_NN  provides_VBZ  policy-makers_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  rather_RR  appalling_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  accept_VV0  a_AT1  100_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  failure_NN  rate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  still_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  justify_VV0  continuing_JJ  expenditure_NN  on_IO  such_DA  work_NN  in_IO  order_NN  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  placed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  disadvantageous_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  international_JJ  race_NN  .  
  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  R38_ZZ1  ,_,  amongst_IO  other_DA  factors_NNS  ,_,  immediately_RR  suspended_VVD  work_NN  on_IO  more_RG  advanced_JJ  types_NNS  as_IO  well_II  as_II  discouraging_VBG  commercial_JJ  incentive_NN  .  
  the_AT1  obverse_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  coin_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  standardize_VV0  too_RG  soon_RR  ,_,  for_CS  duplication_NN  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  if_CS  a_AT1  weapon_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  handled_VBN  by_IO  average_JJ  troops_NNS  and_CC  ordinary_JJ  commanders_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  1916_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  rigid_JJ  airship_NN  programme_NN  :_:  the_AT1  designers_NNS  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  seek_VV0  after_IO  perfection_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  detriment_NN  of_IO  operational_JJ  uniformity_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  royal_JJ  flying_JJ  corps_NN  had_VHD  allowed_VBN  similarity_NN  to_TO  preclude_VV0  competitive_JJ  progress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ministerial_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  service_NN  department_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  peacetime_NN  .  
  in_IO  Britain_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  rules_VBZ  ,_,  so_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  weapon_NN  with_IO  either_LE  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  or_CC  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  exchequer's_NN1$  approval_NN  or_CC  diffidence_NN  can_VM  get_VV0  sufficient_JJ  funds_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  conflict_NN  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  is_VBZ  most_RG  apt_JJ  to_TO  insist_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  past_JB  debts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  consumption_NN  of_IO  available_JJ  equipment_NN  before_IO  authorizing_VBG  any_DD  new_JJ  expenditures_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  did_VDD  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  immediately_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  treaty_NN  of_IO  Versailles_NP  .  
  peace_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  dastardly_JJ  affair_NN  where_CS new_JJ  weapons_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  erosion_NN  of_IO  personnel_NNS  .  
  operations_NNS  rapidly_RR  taper_VV0  off_RP  and_CC  even_RR  constructional_JJ  work_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  suspended_VBN  while_CS  politics_NN  and_CC  economics_NN  once_RR  more_RRR  take_VV0  the_AT1  field_NN  to_TO  bid_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  voters'_NN2  favour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  hope_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  some_DD  crisis_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  suspicion_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  might_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  the_AT1  treaty_NN  of_IO  1919_MC  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  concern_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  turned_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  commercial_JJ  profit_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  latter_DA  can_VM  be_VB0  successful_JJ  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  entrepreneurs_NNS  are_VBR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  sum_NN  what_DDQ  would_VM  otherwise_RR  be_VB0  scrapped_VBN  and_CC  have_VH0  facilities_NNS  and_CC  official_JJ  support_NN  to_TO  exploit_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  must_VM  feel_VV0  financially_RR  secure_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  suspect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  state_NN  aims_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  once_CS  a_AT1  service_NN  is_VBZ  established_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  may_VM  well_RR  face_VV0  the_AT1  choice_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  in_IO  1919_MC  of_IO  scrapping_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  or_CC  of_IO  subsidizing_VBG  a_AT1  commercial_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  creates_VBZ  a_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  weapons_NNS  advocates_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  divide_VV0  and_CC  conquer_VV0  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  difficulties_NNS    civilian_JJ  acumen_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  lacking_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  peripheral_JJ  and_CC  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  gamble_NN  for_IO  either_LE  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  parties_NNS  .  
  as_CS  personnel_NNS  and_CC  material_NN  deteriorate_VV0  ,_,  immediate_JJ  action_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  and_CC  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  topped_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  prestigial_JJ  success_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  create_VV0  political_JJ  pressure_NN  .  
  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  odds_NNS  high_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  airships_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  led_VVD  to_IO  R34's_ZZ1  trans-Atlantic_JJ  flight_NN  and_CC  to_IO  R101's_ZZ1  death_NN  .  
  how_CS did_VDD  all_DB  this_DD1  affect_VV0  the_AT1  airship_NN  programme_NN  .  
  Mayfly_NP  was_VBDZ  initiated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  concern_NN  with_IO  Germany's_PPIO2  intentions_NNS  and_CC  collapsed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  severe_JJ  political_JJ  crisis_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  airship_NN  work_NN  was_VBDZ  revived_VBN  when_CS another_DD1  defence_NN  scare_NN  came_VVD  along_RP  ;_;  then_RL  cancelled_VBN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  cleared_VBN  the_AT1  air_NN  by_IO  late_JJ  1915_MC  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  programme_NN  was_VBDZ  revivified_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  wide-open_JJ  war_NN  economy_NN  and_CC  collapsed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  peacetime_NN  retrenchment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  then_RL  became_VVD  caught_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  conflicting_JJ  streams_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  save-the-empire_JB  movement_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  labour_NN  party's_NN1$  desire_NN  to_TO  run_VV0  a_AT1  successful_JJ  national_JJ  transport_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  collapse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  de*?2nouement_NN  of_IO  R101_ZZ1  caused_VVD  airships_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  abandoned_VBN  for_IO  economic_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  rapidly_RR  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  technological_JJ  arguments_NNS  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aeroplane_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  made_VVD  airship_NN  policy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  original_JJ  impetus_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  come_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  through_IO  the_AT1  naval_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  attache*?2s_NNS  to_IO  Fisher_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  Asquith_NP  by_IO  his_APP$  decision_NN  in_IO  July_NN1  ,_,  1908_MC  placed_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  sea_NN  Lord_NNSB1  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  to_TO  implement_VV0  plans_NNS  already_RR  sketched_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  Bacon_NP  and_CC  other_DA  technically_RR  astute_JJ  officers_NNS  .  
  Bacon_NP  guided_VVD  the_AT1  early_JJ  design_NN  stages_NNS  of_IO  Mayfly_NP  until_CS  relieved_VBN  by_IO  Sueter_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  airship_NN  programme_NN  then_RL  proceeded_VVD  under_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  steam_NN  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  blessing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  imperial_JJ  defence_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  disaster_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  1911_MC  .  
  Churchill_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  first_MD  Lord_NNSB1  with_IO  \0A_NP  \0K_NP  Wilson_NP  as_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  sea_NN  Lord_NNSB1  then_RL  decided_VVD  against_IO  any_DD  further_JB  work_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  programme_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  being_NN  again_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  and_CC  through_IO  the_AT1  joint_JB  agency_NN  of_IO  Sueter_NP  and_CC  Seely_NP  ,_,  Secretary_NNSB1  for_IO  war_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS chaired_VVD  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  imperial_JJ  defence_NN  sub-committee_NN  on_IO  aeronautics_NN  .  
  thus_RR  in_IO  mid-1912_MC  a_AT1  further_JB  reappraisal_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  in_IO  part_NN  ,_,  influenced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  heart_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  ,_,  came_VVD  into_IO  being_NN  with_IO  Asquith_NP  ,_,  as_IO  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  imperial_JJ  defence_NN  ,_,  accepting_VBG  in_IO  1913_MC  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  rigid_JJ  airship_NN  .  
  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  Churchill_NP  in_IO  early_JJ  1915_MC  became_VVD  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  abandoned_VBN  and_CC  gave_VVD  the_AT1  order_NN  to_TO  cancel_VV0  \0no_NN  9_MC  ,_,  and_CC  presumably_RR  also_RR  earlier_RRR  ,_,  \0no_NN  14_MC  and_CC  \0no_NN  15_MC  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  it_PPH1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  transfer_NN  of_IO  lighter-than-air_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ministry_NN  again_RR  put_VVD  Churchill_NP  into_IO  a_AT1  policy-making_NN  role_NN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  airships_NNS  over_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  exercised_VBN  some_DD  influence_NN  as_IO  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  munitions_NNS  from_IO  1917_MC  to_IO  1919_MC  .  
  as_IO  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  air_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  his_APP$  fondness_NN  for_IO  maintaining_VBG  the_AT1  empire_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  desire_NN  for_IO  economy_NN  and_CC  political_JJ  success_NN  .  
  airships_NNS  fitted_VVD  into_IO  both_DB2  patterns_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  Churchill_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  war_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  much_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  .  
  the_AT1  under-Secretary_NNSB1  of_IO  state_NN  for_IO  air_NN  ,_,  Seely_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pro-airships_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  pre-war_JB  Secretary_NNSB1  for_IO  war_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Frederick_NP  Sykes_NP  as_IO  chief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  staff_NN  and_CC  then_RL  as_IO  Controller-General_NNSB1  of_IO  civil_JJ  aviation_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  supporter_NN  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Hugh_NP  Trenchard_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS succeeded_VVD  Sykes_NP  ,_,  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  favoured_VBN  airships_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  prestige_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  estimates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  could_VM  allow_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  Seely_NP  resigned_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  Under-Secretaries_NNSB2  were_VBDR  not_XX  much_RR  interested_JJ  ,_,  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  Churchill_NP  remained_VVD  the_AT1  air_NN  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Trenchard_NP  made_VVD  policy_NN  .  
  but_CCB  policy_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  made_VBN  at_IO  lower_JJ  levels_NNS  .  
  in_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  class_NN  as_IO  Rickover_NP  ,_,  Whittle_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Dornberger_NP  ,_,  Sueter_NP  guided_VVD  constructional_JJ  and_CC  design_NN  concepts_NNS  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  posted_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  the_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  research_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  air_NN  member_NN  for_IO  supply_NN  and_CC  research_NN  had_VHD  their_APP$  says_NNS  .  
  Maitland_NP  as_IO  superintendent_NN  of_IO  airships_NNS  appears_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  left_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fringes_NNS  as_CS  was_VBDZ  Masterman_NP  after_CS  he_PPHO1  transferred_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  recalled_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  research_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  occasion_NN  made_VVD  policy_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  plumped_VVD  for_IO  cutting_VBG  R38's_ZZ1  trials_NNS  to_IO  but_II  fifty_MC  hours_NNS  with_IO  subsequent_JJ  unfortunate_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  imperial_JJ  scheme_NN  ,_,  policy_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  \0A_NP  \0H_NP  Ashbolt_NP  and_CC  \0Cmdr_NNSB1  Burney_NP  provided_VVD  the_AT1  primary_JJ  pressure_NN  .  
  Trenchard_NP  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  because_CS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  acquiring_VBG  military_JJ  strength_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  minor_JJ  expenditure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  estimates_NNS  while_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  mollifying_VBG  the_AT1  Admiralty_NP  ,_,  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  denied_VBN  a_AT1  naval_JJ  air_NN  arm_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  destruction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0R.A.F_NP  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Samuel_NP  Hoare_NP  was_VBDZ  openly_RR  in_IO  favour_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  keeping_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  publicity-conscious_JJ  air_NN  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  Burney_NP  scheme_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  rare_JJ  instances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  monarch_NN  helping_VBG  make_NN  policy_NN  by_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  personal_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  development_NN  .  
  into_IO  this_DD1  picture_NN  then_RL  was_VBDZ  catapulted_VBN  Lord_NNSB1  Thomson_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  enthusiast_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS told_VVD  the_AT1  air_NN  staff_NN  to_TO    screw_VV0  up_RP    the_AT1  conservative_NN  scheme_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  Under-Secretary_NNSB1  ,_,  a_AT1  Bradford_NP  alderman_NN  and_CC  pacifist_NN  named_VBN  Leach_NP  ,_,  knew_VVD  nothing_PN1  about_IO  airships_NNS  and_CC  little_DA  about_IO  international_JJ  commercial_JJ  organizations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  realm_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  air_NN  intelligence_NN  their_APP$  natural_JJ  advisor_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  enthusiastic_JJ  Sir_NNSB1  Sefton_NP  Brancker_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  aviation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ministry_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Brancker_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  exceptionally_RR  well-qualified_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  advice_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Secretary_NNSB1  and_CC  his_APP$  Under-Secretary_NNSB1  called_VVD  largely_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  serving_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  council_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  opinions_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  made_VVD  a_AT1  scheme_NN  and_CC  submitted_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  without_IO  allowing_VBG  those_DD2  very_DA  advisers_NNS  time_NN  to_TO  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  latter_DA  were_VBDR  forced_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  step_NN  of_IO  drawing_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  memorandum_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  protection_NN  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  experienced_JJ  chief_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  staff_NN  adequately_RR  consulted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  then_RL  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  accept_VV0  a_AT1  programme_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  approved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  council_NN  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  aeronautical_JJ  research_NN  committee_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  had_VHD  had_VHN  in_IO  1909_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  did_VDD  have_VH0  considerable_JJ  influence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  findings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  technical_JJ  committee_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  R38_ZZ1  which_DDQ  heavily_RR  influenced_VVD  the_AT1  Thomsonian_JJ  decision_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  this_DD1  an_AT1  experimental_JJ  programme_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  an_AT1  operational_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  directed_VBN  as_RG  much_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  and_CC  services_NNS  purchased_VBN  as_CS  against_IO  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  involved_VBN  .  
  many_DA  leading_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  dislike_VV0  ,_,  distrust_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  fail_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gaitskell_NP  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  who_PNQS   feel_VV0  insulted_VBN  and_CC  humiliated_VBN  that_CS  their_APP$  desires_NNS  and_CC  wants_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  dictated_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  regardless_RR  of_IO  how_CS real_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  or_CC  how_CS genuine_JJ  are_VBR  the_AT1  advertisers'_NN2  claims_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  somehow_RR  false_JJ  .    
  Alice_NP  Bacon_NP  ,_,  chairman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0NEC's_PPIO2  publicity_NN  and_CC  political_JJ  education_NN  sub-committee_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  denounced_VBN  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party's_NN1$  public_JJ  relations_NNS  efforts_NNS  for_IO  having_VHG    introduced_VBN  something_PN1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  alien_JJ  to_IO  our_APP$  British_JJ  democracy_NN    .  
  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  are_VBR  charged_VBN  with_IO  selling_VBG  political_JJ  ideas_NNS  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  detergents_NNS  .  
  distaste_NN  and_CC  disgust_NN  are_VBR  strong_JJ  emotions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  negative_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  singularly_RR  lacking_JJ  in_IO  suggestions_NNS  about_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  from_IO    subverting_VBG    or_CC    Americanizing_VBG    the_AT1  British_JJ  electorate_NN  by_IO  public_JJ  relations_NNS  techniques_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  minority_NN  of_IO  labour_NN  party_NN  members_NNS  would_VM  probably_RR  support_VV0  a_AT1  drastic_JJ  curtailment_NN  of_IO  advertising_NN  by_IO  government_NN  action_NN  ,_,  and_CC  accept_VV0  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  for_IO  politics_NN  .  
  regulation_NN  of_IO  advertising_NN  which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  control_VV0  it_PPH1  virtually_RR  outright_RR  would_VM  not_XX  seriously_RR  affect_VV0  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  law_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  drafted_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  politically_RR  relevant_JJ  advertising_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  could_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  drafted_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  expenditure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  .  
  parties_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  all_DB  their_APP$  associates_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  prohibited_VBN  from_IO  purchasing_VBG  advertising_NN  space_NN  in_IO  newspapers_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  hoardings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  instead_RR  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  put_VV0  more_DA  money_NN  into_IO  colour_NN  comics_NNS  like_IO    form_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  debate_NN  would_VM  hardly_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  raised_VBN  .  
  much_DA  spending_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  objections_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Colin_NP  Hurry_NP  poll_NN  ,_,  aims_NNS  of_IO  industry_NN  press_NN  releases_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  economic_JJ  league's_NN1$  factory_NN  gate_NN  speakers_NNS    does_VBZ  not_XX  take_VV0  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  purchasing_VBG  space_NN  ;_;  only_RR  *+445,000_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  *+1,435,000_NNU  credited_VBN  to_IO  business_NN  groups_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Nuffield_NP  study_NN  was_VBDZ  spent_VBN  on_IO  buying_VBG  advertising_NN  space_NN  .  
  efforts_NNS  to_TO  control_VV0  the_AT1  content_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  advertising_NN  are_VBR  foredoomed_VBN  to_IO  failure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  virtually_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  discriminate_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  statute_NN  between_IO  political_JJ  advertising_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  or_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  lower_VV0  the_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  debate_NN  .  
  a_AT1  promise_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  pensions_NNS  appears_VBZ  as_IO  altruism_NN  to_IO  some_DD  ;_;  to_IO  others_DA2  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  rank_JJ  bribery_NN  .  
  an_AT1  advertising_NN  council_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  created_VBN  along_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  council_NN  ,_,  to_TO  scrutinize_VV0  advertising_NN  and_CC  censure_VV0  offenders_NNS  ;_;  given_VBN  the_AT1  model_NN  suggested_VBN  ,_,  little_DA  could_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  body_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  quasi-judicial_JJ  tribunal_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  content_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  advertisements_NNS  ,_,  rejecting_VBG  those_DD2  that_PNQS were_VBDR    unsuitable_JJ    ,_,  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  Speaker_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  to_TO  do_VD0  similarly_RR  in_IO  parliamentary_JJ  debates_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  particularly_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  attack_VV0  the_AT1  advertiser's_NN1$  practice_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  market_NN  research_NN  methods_NNS  to_TO  study_VV0  the_AT1  wants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  electorate_NN  .  
  a_AT1  law_NN  could_VM  prohibit_VV0  pollsters_NNS  from_IO  asking_VBG  questions_NNS  on_IO  political_JJ  topics_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  would_VM  not_XX  affect_VV0  the_AT1  substantive_JJ  problem_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  arises_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  fear_NN  that_CS  some_DD  politicians_NNS  frame_VV0  or_CC  revise_VV0  policies_NNS  simply_RR  to_TO  win_VV0  more_DA  votes_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  welfare_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  alterations_NNS  discussed_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  restrictive_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  intended_VBN  to_TO  remedy_VV0  deficiencies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  representation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  act_NN  by_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  money_NN  spent_VBN  on_IO  electioneering_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  act_NN  might_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  altered_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  scope_NN  for_IO  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  foregoing_JJ  analysis_NN  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  restrictive_JJ  amendments_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  act_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  remedy_VV0  the_AT1  alleged_JJ  evils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  attempted_JJ  regulation_NN  would_VM  confirm_VV0  this_DD1  judgment_NN  .  
  \0V_NP  \0O_NP  Key_NP  reports_VBZ  :_:  *"_*'  
  legislation_NN  purports_VBZ  to_TO  require_VV0  publicity_NN  of_IO  campaign_NN  finance_NN  ,_,  to_TO  limit_VV0  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  spent_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  prohibit_VV0  certain_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  contributions_NNS  to_IO  campaigns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  limit_VV0  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  contributions_NNS  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  laws_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  in_IO  fact_NN  limit_VV0  expenditures_NNS  ,_,  substantially_RR  affect_VV0  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  contributions_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  assure_VV0  full_JJ  publicity_NN  .  **"_**'  
  if_CS  means_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  level_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  resources_NNS  of_IO  labour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  ,_,  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  bitterness_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  removed_VBN  from_IO  present_JJ  discussion_NN  of_IO  election_NN  laws_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  practical_JJ  consequences_NNS  of_IO  major_JJ  shortcomings_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  laws_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  greatly_RR  reduced_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  remedy_NN  lies_VBZ  within_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  and_CC  liberal_JJ  parties_NNS    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  collect_VV0  higher_JJ  dues_NNS  from_IO  members_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  far_RR  easier_JJ  task_NN  than_CS  greatly_RR  expanding_VBG  present_JJ  membership_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  of_IO  Morgan_NP  Phillips_NP  ,_,      labour_NN  party_NN  income_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  geared_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  and_CC  far_RR  less_RG  expensive_JJ  political_JJ  era_NN  .    
  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  five-sixths_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  party's_NN1$  members_NNS  contribute_VV0  three_MC  farthings_NNS  a_AT1  month_NN  (_(  9_MC  \0d_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  )_)  to_IO  Transport_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  labour_NN  leaders_NNS  can_VM  hardly_RR  plead_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  relative_JJ  financial_JJ  weakness_NN  is_VBZ  solely_RR  the_AT1  fault_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  .  
  if_CS  dues_NNS  for_IO  trade_NN  union_NN  affiliated_JJ  members_NNS  were_VBDR  raised_VBN  to_IO  1_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  Transport_NP  House_NNL1  would_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  additional_JJ  *+70,000_NNU  to_TO  spend_VV0  annually_RR  .  
  if_CS  trade_NN  union_NN  members_NNS  paid_VVD  the_AT1  party_NN  2_MC  \0s_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Phillips_NP  has_VHZ  suggested_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  income_NN  of_IO  Transport_NP  House_NNL1  would_VM  be_VB0  doubled_VBN  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  proclaims_VBZ  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  narrow_VV0  income_NN  differentials_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  membership_NN  scheme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  social_JJ  democratic_JJ  party_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sliding_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  with_IO  contributions_NNS  graded_VBN  according_IO  to_II  income_NN  .  
  nearly_RR  600,000_MC  German_JJ  socialists_NNS  gave_VVD  the_AT1  party_NN  more_DA  than_IO  *+1_NNU  apiece_RR  on_IO  average_NN  (_(  *+720,000_NNU  )_)  in_IO  1957_MC  ;_;  dues_NNS  for_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  income_NN  bracket_NN  were_VBDR  set_VBN  at_IO  *+50_NNU  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liberal_JJ  party_NN  is_VBZ  appealing_VBG  for_IO  mass-membership_JB  contributions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  appeal_NN  leaflet_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  your_APP$  party_NN  ,_,  estimates_VBZ  minimum_JJ  annual_JJ  needs_NNS  at_IO  *+172,000_NNU  .  
  another_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  increasing_VBG  party_NN  revenue_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  state_NN  make_VV0  statutory_JJ  contributions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  the_AT1  law_NN  penalizes_VBZ  the_AT1  candidates_NNS  who_PNQS secure_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  one-eighth_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  vote_NN  at_IO  parliamentary_JJ  elections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  law_NN  could_VM  equally_RR  give_VV0  cash_NN  bonuses_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  candidates_NNS  who_PNQS save_VV0  their_APP$  deposits_NNS  .  
  grants_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  to_IO  candidates_NNS  in_IO  some_DD  foreign_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  amount_NN  given_VBN  might_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  several_DA  ways_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  money_NN  spent_VBN  in_IO  each_DD1  constituency_NN  ,_,  or_CC  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  legally_RR  permitted_VBN  maxima_NNS  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  lump_NN  sum_NN  of_IO  *+500_NNU  or_CC  *+1,000_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  grant_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  after_IO  each_DD1  election_NN  or_CC  annually_RR  .  
  (_(  a_AT1  guarantee_NN  of_IO  campaign_NN  expenses_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  only_RR  save_VV0  parties_NNS  this_DD1  sum_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  also_RR  free_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  cash_NN  reserve_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  fight_VV0  two_MC  elections_NNS  in_IO  quick_JJ  succession_NN  .  )_)  
  a_AT1  grant_NN  paid_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  sums_NNS  spent_VBN  by_IO  candidates_NNS  in_IO  campaigning_VBG  in_IO  1959_MC  would_VM  have_VH0  brought_VBN  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  *+475,000_NNU  ,_,  labour_NN  *+435,000_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  approximately_RR  *+90,000_NNU  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  prudent_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  such_DA  grants_NNS  to_IO  candidates_NNS  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  of_IO  defining_VBG  a_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  placing_VBG  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  to_TO  arbitrate_VV0  between_IO  two_MC  factions_NNS  both_DB2  claiming_VBG  one_MC1  grant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sums_NNS  of_IO  money_NN  involved_VBN  would_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  by_IO  exchequer_NN  standards_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  considerable_JJ  in_IO  political_JJ  terms_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  poorest_JJT  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  aided_VBN  most_RBT  in_IO  proportion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  richest_JJT  one_MC1  ,_,  relatively_RR  least_RBT  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party's_NN1$  dependence_NN  upon_IO  trade_NN  unions_NNS  for_IO  finance_NN  could_VM  thereby_RR  be_VB0  appreciably_RR  reduced_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  way_NN  of_IO  remedying_VBG  deficiencies_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  also_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  greater_JJ  expenditure_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  abolish_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  restrictions_NNS  on_IO  spending_NN  by_IO  candidates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  economist_NN  suggested_VVD  this_DD1  in_IO  a_AT1  post-election_JB  editorial_NN  of_IO  10_MC  October_NN1  1959_MC  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  preventing_VBG  the_AT1  law_NN  from_IO  being_VBG  brought_VBN  into_IO  disrepute_NN  .  
  liberals_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS depend_VV0  more_RRR  upon_IO  personal_JJ  appeal_NN  and_CC  constituency_NN  efforts_NNS  than_CS  do_VD0  others_DA2  ,_,  might_VM  gain_VV0  most_DA  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  step_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  most_DA  advocates_NNS  of_IO  stricter_JJ  accounting_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  assume_VV0  that_DD1  money_NN  buys_VBZ  votes_NNS  ;_;  some_DD  charge_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  buys_VBZ  votes_NNS  in_IO  sufficient_JJ  quantities_NNS  to_TO  win_VV0  elections_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  assertion_NN  is_VBZ  truest_JJT  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  most_RG  platitudinous_JJ  :_:  a_AT1  party_NN  can_VM  not_XX  operate_VV0  without_IO  money_NN  .  
  to_TO  go_VV0  further_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  party_NN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  gains_VBZ  few_DA  votes_NNS  because_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  little_DA  money_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  mistake_VV0  cause_NN  and_CC  effect_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  nearly_RR  true_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  party_NN  with_IO  relatively_RR  few_DA  voters_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  liberals_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  raising_VBG  money_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  shows_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  minimum_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  great_JJ  ,_,  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  party_NN  has_VHZ  strong_JJ  support_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  electorate_NN  .  
  many_DA  British_JJ  discussions_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  assume_VV0  a_AT1  simple_JJ  input-output_JB  model_NN  of_IO  electioneering_NN  :_:  x_ZZ1  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  will_VM  produce_VV0  x_ZZ1  or_CC  x/2_&FO  or_CC  x/4_&FO  or_CC  2x_&FO  or_CC  4x_&FO  votes_NNS  .  
  y_ZZ1  inches_NNS  of_IO  advertising_NN  space_NN  will_VM  produce_VV0  y/2_&FO  or_CC  2y_&FO  units_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  influence_NN  .  
  (_(  how_CS much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  factor_NN  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  100,000,000_MC  or_CC  so_PN1  leaflets_NNS  distributed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  league_NN  between_IO  elections_NNS  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  specified_VBN  .  )_)  
  people_NNS  unaccustomed_JJ  to_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  large_JJ  sums_NNS  of_IO  money_NN  might_VM  think_VV0  it_PPH1  incredible_JJ  that_CS  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  pounds_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  spent_VBN  to_IO  no_AT1  real_JJ  effect_NN  .  
  socialists_NNS  are_VBR  further_RRR  handicapped_VBN  in_IO  viewing_VBG  the_AT1  problem_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  believe_VV0  that_CS  capitalists_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  only_RR  wicked_JJ  but_CCB  also_RR  devilishly_RR  clever_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  determinants_NNS  of_IO  voting_NN  behaviour_NN  and_CC  election_NN  results_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  infinitely_RR  complex_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  rarely_RR  separate_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  single_JJ  factor_NN  and_CC  assign_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  specific_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  influence_NN  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  secret_JJ  ballot_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  impossible_JJ  to_TO  establish_VV0  a_AT1  straightforward_JJ  cause_NN  and_CC  effect_NN  relationship_NN  between_IO  expenditure_NN  and_CC  voting_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  only_RR  examine_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  about_IO  elections_NNS  and_CC  about_IO  how_CS money_NN  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  make_VV0  judgments_NNS  based_VBN  upon_IO  selective_JJ  empirical_JJ  data_NNS  and_CC  logical_JJ  analysis_NN  .  
  elections_NNS  are_VBR  determined_VBN  by_IO  three_MC  interrelated_JJ  factors_NNS    the_AT1  material_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  environment_NN  ,_,  individual_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  party_NN  activities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  individual_JJ  party_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  election_NN  result_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  limited_JJ  one_MC1  ;_;  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  party_NN  spending_NN  is_VBZ  likewise_RR  limited_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  ceiling_NN  (_(  and_CC  quite_RR  possibly_RR  a_AT1  diminishing_JJ  margin_NN  of_IO  utility_NN  )_)  for_IO  political_JJ  expenditure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Gallup_NP  poll's_NN1$  graph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  standings_NNS  in_IO  its_APP$  monthly_JJ  polls_NNS  since_IO  1945_MC  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  single_JJ  most_RG  important_JJ  influence_NN  upon_IO  voting_NN  behaviour_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  economic_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  little_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  hundred_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  parties_NNS  spend_VV0  .  
  long-term_JB  environmental_JJ  changes_NNS  ,_,  important_JJ  in_IO  setting_VBG  the_AT1  limits_NNS  within_IO  which_DDQ  parties_NNS  may_VM  manoeuvre_VV0  ,_,  are_VBR  also_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  party_NN  treasurers_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  explains_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  richest_JJT  party_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  win_VV0  elections_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  or_CC  America_NP  .  
  the_AT1  successes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  polls_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1920's_MC2  ,_,  are_VBR  good_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  money_NN  can_VM  not_XX  purchase_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  political_JJ  following_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  purchase_VV0  attention_NN  .  
  Lloyd_NP  George's_PPIO2  fund_NN  could_VM  underwrite_VV0  constituency_NN  expenses_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  delivery_NN  of_IO  safe_JJ  seats_NNS  .  
  in_IO  America_NP  the_AT1  democratic_JJ  party_NN  achieved_VVD  five_MC  successive_JJ  victories_NNS  from_IO  1932_MC  against_IO  wealthier_JJ  opponents_NNS  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  simple-minded_JJ  materialist_NN  would_VM  reject_VV0  Key's_PPIO2  statement_NN  :_:  
    money_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  sole_JB  currency_NN  of_IO  politics_NN  ;_;  Roosevelt_NP  held_VVD  counters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  that_PNQS outweighed_VVD  money_NN  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  buying_VBG  votes_NNS  and_CC  buying_VBG  political_JJ  favours_NNS  .  
  some_DD  labour_NN  criticism_NN  of_IO  political_JJ  spending_NN  by_IO  business_NN  firms_NNS  has_VHZ  fastened_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  allegation_NN  that_CS  these_DD2  firms_NNS  are_VBR  buying_VBG  preferential_JJ  treatment_NN  from_IO  conservative_JJ  governments_NNS  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  seeking_VBG  to_TO  influence_VV0  all_DB  voters_NNS  to_TO  oppose_VV0  nationalization_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  similarly_RR  been_VBN  charged_VBN  that_CS  labour's_NN1$  failure_NN  to_TO  press_VV0  nationalization_NN  of_IO  insurance_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  financial_JJ  links_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  co-operatives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  its_APP$  industrial_JJ  policy_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  absence_NN  thereof_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  dictated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  unions'_NN2  power_NN  over_IO  labour's_NN1$  purse_NN  .  
  to_TO  note_VV0  financial_JJ  links_NNS  between_IO  interested_JJ  groups_NNS  and_CC  parties_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_DD1  government_NN  favours_NNS  are_VBR  for_IO  sale_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  only_RR  shows_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  questions_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  policy_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  party_NN  government_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  disinterested_JJ  .  
  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  exchequer_NN  were_VBDR  made_VBN  the_AT1  sole_JB  source_NN  of_IO  party_NN  funds_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  no_PN1  one_PN  suggests_VBZ  ,_,  could_VM  parties_NNS  be_VB0  made_VBN  absolutely_RR  independent_JJ  financially_RR  of_IO  such_DA  pressure_NN  groups_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  economic_JJ  interest_NN  creates_VBZ  the_AT1  political_JJ  organization_NN  ,_,  or_CC  whether_CS  the_AT1  party_NN  attracts_VBZ  the_AT1  interests_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  beside_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  parties_NNS  raise_VV0  is_VBZ  spent_VBN  on_IO  party_NN  headquarters_NN  and_CC  constituency_NN  organization_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  often_RR  overrated_VBN  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS are_VBR  closest_JJT  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  excuse_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  coal_NN  is_VBZ  exceptionally_RR  cheap_JJ  ,_,  Britain_NP  and_CC  Soviet_NP  Russia_NP  now_RL  have_VH0  the_AT1  dubious_JJ  distinction_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  most_DA  fuel_NN  per_IO  unit_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  product_NN  of_IO  all_DB  countries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  run_VV0  a_AT1  country_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  Marxist_JJ  economics_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  labour_NN  theory_NN  of_IO  value_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  must_VM  expect_VV0  something_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  official_JJ  Marxist_JJ  doctrine_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_DA  coal_NN  you_PPY  use_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  valuable_JJ  the_AT1  products_NNS  you_PPY  turn_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  because_CS  more_DA  labour_NN  is_VBZ  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  although_CS  even_RR  in_IO  Soviet_NP  Russia_NP  common_JJ  sense_NN  sometimes_RR  breaks_VBZ  in_RP  .  
  our_APP$  policy_NN  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  industries_NNS  connected_VBN  with_IO  fuel_NN  were_VBDR  nationalised_VBN  ,_,  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  avowedly_RR  Marxist_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  Soviet_NP  Russia_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  has_VHZ  been_VBN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  unwittingly_RR  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  ideas_NNS  :_:  fuel_NN  industries_NNS  are_VBR    basic_JJ  industries_NNS    ,_,  fuel_NN  ought_VM  therefore_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  cheap_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_DA  that_PNQS is_VBZ  consumed_VBN  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  muddled_JJ  thinking_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  already_RR  cost_VBN  the_AT1  country_NN  enormous_JJ  sums_NNS  .  
  until_IO  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  cheap_JJ  oil_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  produce_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  coal_NN  ,_,  electricity_NN  and_CC  gas_NN  industries_NNS  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  sold_VBN  at_IO  much_RR  higher_JJ  prices_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  bring_VV0  some_DD  revenue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  to_TO  compel_VV0  industrialists_NNS  and_CC  consumers_NNS  to_TO  economise_VV0  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  Bernard_NP  Shaw_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  dramatist_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  now_RL  would_VM  suggest_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  views_NNS  on_IO  economics_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  seriously_RR  .  
  many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  principal_JB  reason_NN  for_IO  nationalising_VBG  the_AT1  coal_NN  mines_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  things_NNS  were_VBDR  then_RL  ,_,  mines_VBZ  produced_VVD  coal_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  variety_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  costs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  primary_JJ  duty_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  administration_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  average_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  Bernard_NP  Shaw's_PPIO2  ideas_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  great_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  almost_RR  suspects_VBZ  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  still_RR  linger_VV0  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  nationalised_JJ  industries_NNS  .  
  otherwise_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  their_APP$  refusal_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  regional_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  prices_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  their_APP$  long_JJ  hesitation_NN  before_IO  closing_VBG  down_RP  uneconomic_JJ  pits_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  some_DD  economies_NNS  in_IO  fuel_NN  consumption_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  during_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  slow_JJ  and_CC  reluctant_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  movements_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  1920s_MC2  ,_,  used_VVD  fuel_NN  lavishly_RR  ,_,  mainly_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  cheap_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  consumption_NN  per_IO  unit_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  product_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  lower_JJ  than_IO  ours_PP$  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  fuel_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  comparatively_RR  cheap_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  the_AT1  detailed_JJ  industry-by-industry_JB  comparison_NN  of_IO  trends_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  and_CC  Germany_NP  ,_,  reproduced_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  4_MC  ,_,  presents_VBZ  a_AT1  really_RR  alarming_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  an_AT1  industry_NN  by_IO  industry_NN  comparison_NN  of_IO  fuel_NN  consumed_VBN  per_IO  unit_NN  of_IO  product_NN  in_IO  \0U.K_NP  and_CC  Canadian_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,  shown_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  5_MC  ,_,  is_VBZ  also_RR  very_RG  revealing_JJ  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  effect_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  economies_NNS  in_IO  fuel_NN  consumption_NN  ,_,  costly_JJ  investments_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  required_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  some_DD  figures_NNS  given_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  document_NN  ,_,  and_CC  similar_JJ  figures_NNS  were_VBDR  estimated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Professor_NNSB1  Sir_NNSB1  Francis_NP  Simon_NP  .  
  a_AT1  ton_NN  of_IO  coal_NN  per_IO  year_NN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  by_IO  investing_VBG  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  *+7_NNU  in_IO  economisers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  forms_NNS  of_IO  heat_NN  recovery_NN  ,_,  *+12_NNU  or_CC  *+13_NNU  in_IO  new_JJ  kilns_NNS  and_CC  furnaces_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  mechanical_JJ  stokers_NNS  ,_,  *+17_NNU  in_IO  replacing_VBG  and_CC  modifying_VBG  boilers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  *+25_NNU  in_IO  insulating_VBG  buildings_NNS  .  
  with_IO  coal_NN  at_IO  anything_PN1  like_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  price_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  investments_NNS  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  well_RR  worth_IO  while_NN  .  
  our_APP$  fuel_NN  consumption_NN  has_VHZ  now_RL  begun_VBN  to_TO  fall_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  further_RRR  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  judging_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  national_JJ  coal_NN  board_NN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  demands_NNS  upon_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  import_VV0  coal_NN  at_IO  high_JJ  cost_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  then_RL  re-sold_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  lower_JJ  price_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  board_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  like_VV0  this_DD1  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  programme_NN  of_IO    investing_VBG  in_IO  coal_NN    which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  published_VVD  in_IO  1956_MC  they_PPHS2  envisaged_VVD  its_APP$  indefinite_JJ  continuance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  consumption_NN  of_IO  fuel_NN  ,_,  expressed_VBN  as_IO  coal_NN  equivalents_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  reached_VBN  254_MC  million_MC  tons_NNS  in_IO  1956_MC  .  
  the_AT1  figure_NN  subsequently_RR  fell_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  rose_VVD  only_RR  to_IO  264_MC  million_MC  tons_NNS  in_IO  1960_MC  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  national_JJ  coal_NN  board_NN  expected_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  rise_VV0  to_IO  281_MC  million_MC  tons_NNS  by_IO  1960_MC  and_CC  335_MC  million_MC  by_IO  1970_MC  .  
  to_TO  show_VV0  how_CS steadfastly_RR  a_AT1  conservative_JJ  government_NN  supports_VBZ  the_AT1  administrators_NNS  of_IO  nationalised_JJ  industries_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  quote_VV0  a_AT1  statement_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Mills_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  fuel_NN  and_CC  power_NN  ,_,  as_RG  late_RR  as_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  while_CS  admitting_VBG  that_CS  consumption_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  to_IO  250_MC  million_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  coal_NN  equivalent_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  current_JJ  year_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  still_RR  estimated_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  rise_VV0  again_RR  to_IO  300_MC  million_MC  by_IO  1965_MC  .  
  as_CS  coal_NN  became_VVD  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  sell_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  become_VBN  more_RG  determined_JJ  to_TO  defend_VV0  the_AT1  coal_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  quietly_RR  blocking_VBG  imports_NNS  of_IO  cheap_JJ  oil_NN  and_CC  of_IO  liquefied_JJ  natural_JJ  gas_NN  (_(  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  transport_NN  technique_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  discovered_VBN  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  all_RR  too_RG  clear_JJ  that_CS  much_DA  of_IO  our_APP$    investing_NN  in_IO  coal_NN    has_VHZ  been_VBN  wasted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  now_RL  see_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  why_CS .  
  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  electricity_NN  .  
  regarding_IO  electricity_NN  generation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country's_NN1$  capital_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  decade_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  see_VV0  obvious_JJ  signs_NNS  of_IO  waste_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  in_IO  coal_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  there_EX  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  any_DD  real_JJ  reply_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  \0I_NP  \0M_NP  \0D_NP  Little_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  fuel_NN  that_CS  electricity_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  sold_VBN  unduly_RR  cheaply_RR  to_IO  household_NN  and_CC  commercial_JJ  consumers_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  encourage_VV0  its_APP$  use_NN  for_IO  space_NN  heating_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  economically_RR  done_VBN  by_IO  gas_NN  .  
  the_AT1  supposed_JJ  purpose_NN  of_IO  nationalisation_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  rational_JJ  co-ordination_NN  between_IO  industries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  certainly_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  done_VBN  in_IO  electricity_NN  and_CC  gas_NN  (_(  any_RG  more_RRR  than_CS  between_IO  road_NN  and_CC  rail_NN  transport_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  administrators_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  electricity_NN  undertaking_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  got_VBN  their_APP$  ideas_NNS  from_IO  old-fashioned_JJ  electrical_JJ  engineers_NNS  whose_PNQV$  main_JB  purpose_NN  in_IO  life_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  drive_VV0  gas_NN  out_RP  of_IO  business_NN  .  
  the_AT1  government_NN  has_VHZ  even_RR  permitted_VBN  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  electricity_NN  and_CC  gas_NN  industries_NNS  to_TO  spend_VV0  public_JJ  funds_NNS  ,_,  beyond_IO  the_AT1  amounts_NNS  reasonably_RR  required_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  useful_JJ  new_JJ  equipment_NN  and_CC  processes_NNS  known_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  ,_,  in_IO  advertising_VBG  against_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Little's_PPIO2  criticisms_NNS  particularly_RR  applied_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  charges_NNS  for_IO  household_NN  electricity_NN  gives_VBZ  consumers_NNS  no_AT1  incentive_NN  to_TO  economise_VV0  during_IO  the_AT1  peak_NN  hours_NNS  ,_,  when_CS electricity_NN  is_VBZ  most_RG  costly_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  supplying_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,  because_CS  expensive_JJ  reserve_NN  capacity_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  in_IO  being_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  peak_NN  loads_NNS  .  
  experience_NN  in_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  practicable_JJ  devices_NNS  for_IO  adjusting_VBG  meters_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  charge_VV0  more_DA  for_IO  peak_NN  hour_NN  use_NN  .  
  our_APP$  nationalised_JJ  electricity_NN  industry_NN  has_VHZ  stubbornly_RR  and_CC  irrationally_RR  refused_VBN  to_TO  adopt_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  building_NN  of_IO  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  stations_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  criticized_VBN  :_:  though_CS  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  investment_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  defensible_JJ  on_IO  economic_JJ  grounds_NNS  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS the_AT1  base_NN  or_CC  minimum_JJ  load_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  electricity_NN  system_NN  (_(  probably_RR  at_IO  4_MC  \0a.m_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  summer_NN  morning_NN  )_)  ,_,  constituting_VBG  perhaps_RR  one-sixth_MC  of_IO  total_JJ  capacity_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  all_DB  supplied_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  serve_VV0  much_DA  purpose_NN  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  comparative_JJ  costs_NNS  of_IO  thermal_JJ  and_CC  nuclear_JJ  stations_NNS  ,_,  under_IO  various_JJ  assumptions_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  pence_NNS  per_IO  unit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  right_JJ  approach_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  an_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO    opportunity_NN  costs_NNS    .  
  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  station_NN  of_IO  300,000_MC  \0kw_NNU  capacity_NN  ,_,  expected_VBN  to_TO  last_VV0  for_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  costs_VBZ  *+42_NNU  million_MC  ,_,  plus_IO  *+8.8_NNU  million_MC  for_IO  its_APP$  initial_JJ  fuel_NN  charge_NN  .  
  such_DA  a_AT1  station_NN  obviates_VBZ  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  thermal_JJ  station_NN  of_IO  similar_JJ  capacity_NN    additional_JJ  capacity_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  needed_VBN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  building_VBG  at_IO  present_NN  .  
  the_AT1  capital_NN  cost_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  station_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  *+15_NNU  million_MC  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  twenty-seven_MC  years_NNS  ;_;  so_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM    credit_VV0    the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  station_NN  with_IO  saving_VBG  20/27_MC  x_IO  15_MC  =_&FO  *+11.1_NNU  million_MC  capital_NN  ,_,  and_CC  regard_VV0  its_APP$  net_JB  capital_NN  cost_NN  as_IO  *+39.7_NNU  million_MC  .  
  running_NN  costs_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  fuel_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  virtually_RR  independent_JJ  of_IO  output_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  *+0.5_NNU  million_MC  per_IO  year_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  nuclear_JJ  and_CC  *+0.33_NNU  million_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  thermal_JJ  station_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  nuclear_JJ  station_NN  works_VBZ  at_IO  80_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  load_NN  factor_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  reasonably_RR  cautious_JJ  estimate_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  produce_VV0  2.1_MC  billion_MC  \0kwh_NNU  per_IO  year_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  fuel_NN  cost_NN  of_IO  0.149_MC  \0d_NNU  /_IO  \0kwh_NNU  ,_,  as_IO  against_II  0.420_MC  \0d_NNU  /_IO  \0kwh_NNU  for_IO  a_AT1  thermal_JJ  station_NN  .  
  after_IO  allowing_VBG  for_IO  running_NN  costs_NNS  the_AT1  net_JB  saving_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  *+2.23_NNU  million_MC  per_IO  year_NN  ,_,  or_CC  5.6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  on_IO  the_AT1  net_JB  capital_NN  cost_NN  of_IO  *+39.7_NNU  million_MC  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  still_RR  only_RR  represents_VBZ  costs_NNS  as_CS  seen_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  engineer_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  costs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  coal_NN  board_NN  into_IO  account_NN  also_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  much_RR  greater_JJ  saving_NN  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  total_JJ  output_NN  of_IO  coal_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  output_NN  of_IO  coal_NN  per_IO  manshift_NN  worked_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  stationary_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  leaped_VVD  upwards_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  only_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  extent_NN  by_IO  closing_VBG  pits_NNS  :_:  mainly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  closing_NN  of_IO  uneconomic_JJ  seams_NNS  within_IO  mines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  of_IO  output_NN  per_IO  manshift_NN  appears_VBZ  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  marginal_JJ  coal_NN  may_VM  cost_VV0  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  *+4_NNU  per_IO  ton_NN  more_DA  than_IO  average_JJ  coal_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  this_DD1  saving_NN  into_IO  account_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  fully_RR  entitled_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  obtain_VV0  an_AT1  additional_JJ  return_NN  of_IO  8_MC  1/2_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  (_(  or_CC  less_DA  in_IO  proportion_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  figure_NN  of_IO  *+4_NNU  is_VBZ  too_RG  high_JJ  )_)  on_IO  our_APP$  investment_NN  in_IO  nuclear_JJ  power_NN  .  
  by_IO  all_DB  means_NNS  invest_VV0  in_IO  nuclear_JJ  power_NN    but_CCB  close_VV0  down_RP  more_DA  coal_NN  mines_NNS  .  
  (_(  e_ZZ1  )_)  roads_NNS  .  
  at_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  conference_NN  called_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  engineers_NNS  recently_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  very_RG  large_JJ  expenditure_NN  on_IO  both_DB2  rural_JJ  and_CC  urban_JJ  roads_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  economic_JJ  return_NN  on_IO  such_DA  investments_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  faster-moving_JJ  and_CC  less_RG  congested_JJ  traffic_NN  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  fairly_RR  precisely_RR  calculated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  fully_RR  justifies_VBZ  them_PPHO1  ,_,  probably_RR  even_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  *+3,000_NNU  million_MC  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suggested_VBN  ,_,  should_VM  ultimately_RR  be_VB0  spent_VBN  on_IO  our_APP$  road_NN  system_NN  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  again_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  expenditure_NN  should_VM  render_VV0  redundant_JJ  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  system_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  dismantled_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  expensive_JJ    modernization_NN  programme_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  railways_NNS  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  on_IO  quite_RR  unjustified_JJ  assumptions_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  traffic_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  could_VM  attract_VV0  .  
  demand_NN  for_IO  transport_NN  ,_,  measured_VBN  in_IO  ton-miles_NNS  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  increasing_VBG  more_RG  slowly_RR  than_IO  national_JJ  product_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  future_JB  rate_NN  of_IO  increase_NN  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  not_XX  much_RR  over_RR  1_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  per_IO  year_NN  .  
  road_NN  transport_NN  already_RR  carries_VBZ  over_RR  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  ton-mileage_NN  of_IO  all_DB  traffic_NN  other_DA  than_IO  minerals_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  its_APP$  present_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  expansion_NN  will_VM  easily_RR  provide_VV0  for_IO  this_DD1  increase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  go_VV0  on_RP  cutting_VBG  into_IO  what_DDQ  remains_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  traffic_NN  too_RR  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  denying_VBG  ,_,  that_CS  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  million_MC  of_IO  pounds_NNS  have_VH0  ,_,  since_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  wasted_VBN  on_IO  misdirected_JJ    investment_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  nationalised_JJ  coal_NN  ,_,  electricity_NN  and_CC  railway_NN  industries_NNS  .  
  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  waste_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  modernise_VV0  the_AT1  road_NN  system_NN  ,_,  cut_VV0  taxes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  do_VD0  the_AT1  other_DA  desirable_JJ  things_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  done_VBN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  plenty_NN  of_IO    investment_NN    ,_,  but_CCB  how_CS much_DA  effective_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  net_JB  capital_NN  investment_NN  from_IO  1955_MC  to_IO  1959_MC  inclusive_JJ  was_VBDZ  *+8,949_NNU  million_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  an_AT1  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  stock_NN  of_IO  19_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  net_JB  national_JJ  product_NN  from_IO  1955_MC  to_IO  1959-60_MC-MC  was_VBDZ  only_RR  9_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  have_VH0  we_PPIS2  been_VBN  putting_VBG  our_APP$  money_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  horses_NNS  .  
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  international_JJ  investment_NN    league_NN    .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  booklet_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  anticlimax_NN  .  
  after_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Aukrust's_PPIO2  careful_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Norwegian_JJ  figures_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  extensive_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  quoted_VBN  above_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  difficult_JJ  for_IO  anyone_PN1  seriously_RR  to_TO  contend_VV0  that_CS  increased_JJ  investment_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sure_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  responsible_JJ  positions_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  reason_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  reason_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  simpler_JJ  manner_NN  altogether_RR  .  
  the_AT1  procedure_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  construct_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  called_VBN  a_AT1    league_NN  table_NN    ,_,  ranking_VBG  countries_NNS  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  percentage_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  gross_JJ  national_JJ  product_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  devote_VV0  to_IO  investment_NN  ;_;  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  set_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  table_NN  is_VBZ  related_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  rate_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  between_IO  those_DD2  quarters_NNS  transfer_NN  payments_NNS  rose_VVD  by_IO  an_AT1  annual_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  $1.9_NNU  billion_MC  ,_,  against_IO  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  set_VBN  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  personal_JJ  social_JJ  insurance_NN  contributions_NNS  of_IO  $0.5_NNU  billion_MC  ;_;  federal_JJ  personal_JJ  tax_NN  payments_NNS  fell_VVD  by_IO  $3.4_NNU  billion_MC  ,_,  while_CS  state_NN  and_CC  local_JJ  tax_NN  payments_NNS  rose_VVD  by_IO  $0.3_NNU  billion_MC  .  
  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  federal_JJ  personal_JJ  tax_NN  payments_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  transfer_NN  payments_NNS  were_VBDR  more_DA  than_IO  enough_DD  to_TO  offset_VV0  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  personal_JJ  income_NN  before_IO  tax_NN  and_CC  transfer_NN  ,_,  disposable_JJ  income_NN  rising_VBG  by_IO  $1.0_NNU  billion_MC  .  
  although_CS  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  income_NN  before_IO  tax_NN  and_CC  transfer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  quarter_NN  of_IO  1954_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  reached_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  recession_NN  ,_,  disposable_JJ  income_NN  was_VBDZ  higher_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  pre-recession_JB  peak_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  consumption_NN  .  
  although_CS  small_JJ  changes_NNS  from_IO  quarter_NN  to_IO  quarter_NN  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  income_NN  accounts_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  with_IO  caution_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1    statistical_JJ  discrepancy_NN    ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  every_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  regard_VV0  as_CS  correct_JJ  the_AT1  view_NN  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  official_JJ  circles_NNS  that_CS  disposable_JJ  income_NN  and_CC  consumption_NN  expenditure_NN  for_IO  goods_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  services_NNS  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  well_RR  maintained_VBN  despite_IO  the_AT1  recession_NN  .  
  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  so_PN1  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  reduce_VV0  inventories_NNS  would_VM  succeed_VV0  and_CC  before_IO  long_RR  inventory_NN  liquidation_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  consequent_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  total_JJ  demand_NN  and_CC  production_NN  .  
  the_AT1  danger_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  incomes_NNS  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  reductions_NNS  in_IO  output_NN  made_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  reduce_VV0  inventories_NNS  might_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  drop_NN  in_IO  consumers'_NN2  demand_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  liquidate_VV0  inventories_NNS  would_VM  fail_VV0  ,_,  leading_VBG  to_IO  another_DD1  round_NN  of_IO  cuts_NNS  in_IO  output_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cut_NN  in_IO  incomes_NNS  resulting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  defence_NN  expenditure_NN  could_VM  intensify_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  spiral_NN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  months_NNS  of_IO  1954_MC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  development_NN  .  
  retail_NN  sales_NNS  of_IO  non-durable_JJ  goods_NNS  rose_VVD  steadily_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  total_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  month_NN  except_IO  March_NN1  being_VBG  above_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  month_NN  in_IO  1953_MC  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  April_NN1  equalled_VVD  the_AT1  previous_JJ  high_JJ  point_NN  (_(  July_NN1  1953_MC  )_)  .  
  sales_NNS  of_IO  consumers'_NN2  durable_JJ  goods_NNS  were_VBDR  below_IO  the_AT1  1953_MC  levels_NNS  throughout_IO  1954_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  February_NN1  and_CC  succeeding_JJ  months_NNS  were_VBDR  well_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  December_NN1  1953_MC  and_CC  January_NN1  1954_MC  .  
  the_AT1  movements_NNS  of_IO  disposable_JJ  income_NN  and_CC  retail_NN  sales_NNS  indicated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  production_NN  and_CC  in_IO  incomes_NNS  derived_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  causing_VBG  a_AT1  deflationary_JJ  spiral_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  reduced_JJ  output_NN  and_CC  stable_JJ  sales_NNS  would_VM  run_VV0  down_RP  inventories_NNS  fairly_RR  quickly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  in_IO  March_NN1  or_CC  April_NN1  1954_MC  .  
  the_AT1  above_JB  conclusion_NN  indicated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  consumption_NN  sector_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  by_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  tax_NN  reduction_NN  already_RR  enacted_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  excise_NN  tax_NN  rates_NNS  just_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  safe_JJ  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  administration's_NN1$  approach_NN  was_VBDZ  cautious_JJ  ;_;  in_IO  March_NN1  and_CC  April_NN1  1954_MC  definite_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  trough_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  recession_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  reached_VBN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  available_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  grounds_NNS  for_IO  believing_VBG  that_CS  recovery_NN  had_VHD  begun_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  deflationary_JJ  spiral_NN  still_RR  existed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  administration_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  indeed_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  appear_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  risking_VBG  the_AT1  inflation_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  develop_VV0  once_CS  recovery_NN  was_VBDZ  well_RR  under_IO  way_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  tax_NN  reduction_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  reversed_VBN  quickly_RR  .  
  while_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  legitimate_JJ  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  inflation_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  and_CC  tax_NN  rates_NNS  reduced_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  justifiably_RR  asserted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  issue_NN  was_VBDZ  whether_CS  any_DD  attention_NN  at_IO  all_DB  should_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  to_IO  consumption_NN  ;_;  talk_NN  about_IO    a_AT1  massive_JJ  transfusion_NN  of_IO  purchasing_NN  power_NN    implied_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  consumption_NN  sector_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  worse_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  ill-health_NN  than_CS  it_PPH1  really_RR  was_VBDZ  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  tax_NN  bill_NN  of_IO  1954_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  to_TO  enact_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  internal_JJ  revenue_NN  code_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  revision_NN  and_CC  reform_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  slow_JJ  ,_,  deliberate_JJ  progress_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  had_VHD  made_VBN  since_IO  its_APP$  inception_NN  in_IO  1952_MC  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  its_APP$  coinciding_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  recession_NN  was_VBDZ  fortuitous_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  had_VHN  there_EX  been_VBN  inflation_NN  serious_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  tax_NN  reduction_NN  undesirable_JJ  it_PPH1  could_VM  presumably_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  held_VBN  over_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ways_NNS  and_CC  means_NNS  committee_NN  stated_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  report_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  :_:  
    this_DD1  bill_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  long_RR  overdue_JJ  reform_NN  measure_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  vitally_RR  necessary_JJ  regardless_RR  of_IO  momentary_JJ  economic_JJ  conditions_NNS  and_CC  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  confused_VBN  with_IO  other_DA  measures_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  or_CC  might_VM  become_VV0  ,_,  appropriate_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  short_JJ  run_NN  situation_NN  .  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS a_AT1  tax_NN  reduction_NN  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  reforms_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  situation_NN  rendered_VVD  this_DD1  desirable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  contentious_JJ  provisions_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  dividend_NN  credit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RG  liberal_JJ  depreciation_NN  allowances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  provided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  might_VM  use_VV0  the_AT1    sum_NN  of_IO  years_NNS  digits_NNS    method_NN  of_IO  computing_VBG  depreciation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  declining_JJ  balance_NN  at_IO  double_JJ  rate_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  asset_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  life_NN  for_IO  tax_NN  purposes_NNS  of_IO  10_MC  years_NNS  the_AT1  annual_JJ  allowance_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  not_XX  yet_RR  written_VBN  off_RP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  formulae_NNS  for_IO  computing_VBG  depreciation_NN  allowances_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  apply_VV0  only_RR  to_IO  depreciable_JJ  assets_NNS  acquired_VBN  after_CS  the_AT1  act_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  force_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thus_RR  were_VBDR  evidently_RR  intended_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  device_NN  for_IO  encouraging_VBG  investment_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  as_IO  an_AT1  improvement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  equity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tax_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  administration_NN  proposed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  $50_NNU  of_IO  personal_JJ  income_NN  from_IO  dividends_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  exempt_JJ  from_IO  tax_NN  in_IO  1954_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  $100_NNU  in_IO  subsequent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  deduct_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  tax_NN  liability_NN  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  his_APP$  income_NN  from_IO  dividends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  act_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  force_NN  ,_,  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  15_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  in_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  and_CC  subsequent_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  bill_NN  reported_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ways_NNS  and_CC  means_NNS  committee_NN  (_(  \0H.R.8300_NP  )_)  followed_VVD  the_AT1  administration's_NN1$  recommendations_NNS  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  credit_NN  of_IO  dividends_NNS  against_IO  tax_NN  liability_NN  was_VBDZ  limited_VBN  to_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  dividend_NN  credit_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  relevance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  economic_JJ  situation_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  supported_VBN  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  equity_NN  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  providing_VBG  relief_NN  from_IO  the_AT1    double_JJ  taxation_NN    of_IO  dividends_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  minority_NN  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ways_NNS  and_CC  means_NNS  committee_NN  denounced_VVD  the_AT1  dividend_NN  credit_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  indefensible_JJ  discrimination_NN  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  unearned_JJ  income_NN  and_CC  as_CS  embodying_VBG  the_AT1    trickle_NN  down_RP    approach_NN  to_IO  tax_NN  reduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  depreciation_NN  allowances_NNS  were_VBDR  criticized_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  fuller_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  capacity_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  result_VV0  from_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  consumption_NN  demand_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  reliable_JJ  inducement_NN  to_IO  investment_NN  ,_,  for_CS  since_CS  much_DA  existing_JJ  capacity_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  being_VBG  fully_RR  used_VBN  tax_NN  relief_NN  directed_VBN  specifically_RR  to_IO  investment_NN  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  much_DA  effect_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proposal_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  from_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  had_VHD  almost_RR  unanimous_JJ  support_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  democrats_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  Representative_NNSB1  Rayburn_NP  ,_,  House_NNL1  minority_NN  leader_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Senator_NNSB1  George_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  senior_JJ  democratic_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  committee_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  made_VVD  it_PPH1    official_JJ    democratic_JJ  policy_NN  if_CS  anything_PN1  could_VM  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  also_RR  signs_NNS  of_IO  republican_JJ  support_NN  .  
  the_AT1  administration_NN  was_VBDZ  sufficiently_RR  concerned_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  broadcast_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  on_IO  15_MC  March_NN1  ,_,  two_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  debated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Representatives_NNSB2  .  
  after_IO  stressing_VBG  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  investors_NNS  to_TO  buy_VV0    lathes_NNS  ,_,  looms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  great_JJ  generators_NNS    the_AT1  President_NNSB1  expressed_VVD  hostility_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  proposed_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  exempt_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  taxpayers_NNS  from_IO  tax_NN  liability_NN  altogether_RR  :_:  
    when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  comes_VBZ  to_TO  cut_VV0  income_NN  taxes_NNS  still_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   cut_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  excuse_VV0  millions_MC2  of_IO  taxpayers_NNS  from_IO  paying_VBG  any_DD  income_NN  tax_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  every_AT1  real_JJ  American_NN1  is_VBZ  proud_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  his_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  any_DD  burden_NN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  simply_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  believe_VV0  for_IO  one_MC1  second_NN  that_CS  anyone_PN1  privileged_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  wants_VBZ  someone_PN1  else_RR  to_TO  pay_VV0  his_APP$  fair_JJ  and_CC  just_JJ  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  government_NN    .  
  the_AT1  debate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  on_IO  17_MC  and_CC  18_MC  March_NN1  1954_MC  took_VVD  the_AT1  form_NN  outlined_VBN  above_II  ,_,  with_IO  sundry_JJ  democratic_JJ  assertions_NNS  that_CS  since_CS  their_APP$  opponents_NNS  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_IO  something_PN1  as_RG  reckless_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  reduce_VV0  taxation_NN  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  deficit_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  more_RG  equitable_JJ  tax_NN  reduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  motion_NN  to_TO  recommit_VV0  provided_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  dividend_NN  credit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  depreciation_NN  provisions_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  deleted_VBN  and_CC  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  to_IO  $700_NNU  inserted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  rejected_VBN  by_IO  210_MC  to_IO  204_MC  ,_,  eight_MC  republicans_NNS  voting_VBG  in_IO  favour_NN  and_CC  seven_MC  democrats_NNS  against_II  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  of_IO  those_DD2  voting_VBG  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  were_VBDR  voting_VBG  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  tax_NN  ;_;  if_CS  the_AT1  motion_NN  to_TO  recommit_VV0  had_VHD  been_VBN  carried_VBN  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  session_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  economic_JJ  situation_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  deteriorate_VV0  .  
  among_IO  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  votes_NNS  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  consideration_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  democrats_NNS  from_IO  Virginia_NP  and_CC  Representative_NNSB1  Cannon_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  signs_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  efforts_NNS  were_VBDR  effective_JJ  in_IO  whipping-in_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  republican_JJ  stragglers_NNS  ;_;  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  Representative_NNSB1  Ayres_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  thus_RR  changed_VBN  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Senate_NP  finance_NN  committee_NN  opened_VVD  hearings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  on_IO  7_MC  April_NN1  1954_MC  Secretary_NNSB1  Humphrey_NP  held_VVD  firmly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  measures_NNS  already_RR  taken_VBN  ,_,  plus_IO  the_AT1  stimulation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  depreciation_NN  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  would_VM  give_VV0  ,_,  were_VBDR  adequate_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  recession_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  a_AT1  further_JB  tax_NN  reduction_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  inflationary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  representatives_NNS  of_IO  \0NAM_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  chamber_NN  of_IO  commerce_NN  supported_VVD  the_AT1  administration's_NN1$  position_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  chamber's_NN1$  representative_NN  recommended_VVD  that_CS  personal_JJ  income_NN  tax_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  by_IO  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  liability_NN  and_CC  that_CS  expenditures_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  tax_NN  reduction_NN  possible_JJ  without_IO  further_RRR  unbalancing_VBG  the_AT1  budget_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trade_NN  unions_NNS  gave_VVD  vigorous_JJ  support_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  from_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Reuther_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ    nothing_PN1  wrong_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  economy_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  purchasing_NN  power_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  people_NN  will_VM  not_XX  cure_VV0    .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  also_RR  the_AT1  usual_JJ  pleading_NN  for_IO  special_JJ  relief_NN  and_CC  grinding_NN  of_IO  axes_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  general_JJ  counsel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  institute_NN  of_IO  diaper_NN  services_NNS  ,_,  \0Inc_JJ  ,_,  asked_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO    antiseptic_JJ  diaper_NN  service_NN    be_VB0  made_VBN  a_AT1  tax_NN  deductible_JJ  expense_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hearings_NNS  the_AT1  finance_NN  committee_NN  devoted_VVD  five_MC  weeks_NNS  to_IO  its_APP$  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  ,_,  and_CC  proposed_VVD  numerous_JJ  amendments_NNS  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  economic_JJ  significance_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  revenue_NN  .  
  introducing_VBG  the_AT1  bill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  of_IO  28_MC  June_NN1  1954_MC  Senator_NNSB1  Millikin_NP  declared_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  bill_NN  would_VM  go_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  towards_IO  restoring_VBG    normal_JJ  economic_JJ  incentives_NNS    ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  since_CS  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  economy_NN  by_IO  abnormal_JJ  military_JJ  expenditure_NN  was_VBDZ  fast_RR  disappearing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  emphasized_VVD  the_AT1  by_IO  then_RL  apparent_JJ  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  decline_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  arguing_VBG  that_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  further_JB  tax_NN  reduction_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  about_RP  recovery_NN  .  
  Senator_NNSB1  George_NP  agreed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  recession_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  got_VBN  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  had_VHN  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  seemed_VBN  likely_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  therefore_RR  proposed_VVD  an_AT1  amendment_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  from_IO  $600_NNU  to_IO  $700_NNU  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  to_IO  $800_NNU  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suggested_VBN  earlier_RRR  .  
  although_CS  his_APP$  proposal_NN  would_VM  increase_VV0  the_AT1  deficit_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  future_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  maintained_VVD  that_CS      there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  deficit_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  sustain_VV0  the_AT1  principles_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  sound_JJ  and_CC  expanding_JJ  economy_NN    and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  important_JJ  to_TO  balance_VV0  the_AT1    home_NN1  budget_NN    than_CS  to_TO  balance_VV0  the_AT1  budget_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  government_NN  .  
  Douglas_NP  argued_VVD  powerfully_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  economic_JJ  problem_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  lack_NN  of_IO  productive_JJ  capacity_NN  but_CCB  lack_NN  of_IO  effective_JJ  consumer_NN  demand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  no_AT1  tax_NN  concessions_NNS  to_IO  investment_NN  would_VM  achieve_VV0  results_NNS  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  output_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  capacity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reasoning_NN  which_DDQ  underlay_VVD  the_AT1  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  fallacious_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  add_VV0  to_IO  private_JJ  savings_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  add_VV0  to_IO  investment_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  held_VBN  back_RP  by_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  markets_NNS  .  
  Millikin_NP  moved_VVD  an_AT1  amendment_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  of_IO  $20_NNU  in_IO  tax_NN  liability_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  taxpayer_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  slightly_RR  less_RG  costly_JJ  substitute_NN  for_IO  George's_PPIO2  proposal_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ill_RR  received_VBN  by_IO  George_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  supporters_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  rejected_VBN  by_IO  49_MC  votes_NNS  to_IO  46_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  vote_NN  being_VBG  on_IO  party_NN  lines_NNS  except_CS  that_CS  Langer_NP  voted_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  democrats_NNS  .  
  George's_PPIO2  amendment_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  individual_JJ  exemption_NN  was_VBDZ  rejected_VBN  by_IO  49_MC  to_IO  46_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  margin_NN  of_IO  defeat_NN  being_VBG  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  democrats_NNS  voting_VBG  against_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  Byrd_NP  ,_,  Robertson_NP  ,_,  Johnson_NP  of_IO  Colorado_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Holland_NP  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  introduced_VVD  longer_JJ  lags_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  variable_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  contribution_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  demand_NN  coefficient_NN  steadily_RR  increased_VVD  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  least_DA  squares_NNS  estimation_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  the_AT1  principal_JB  factor_NN  at_IO  work_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lag_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  variable_NN  systematically_RR  reduces_VBZ  its_APP$  coefficient_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  factors_NNS  remain_VV0  relatively_RR  stable_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  effect_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  formulation_NN  of_IO  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  where_CS a_AT1  moving_JJ  average_NN  of_IO  price_NN  changes_NNS  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  .  
  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  overall_JB  correlation_NN  remains_VBZ  virtually_RR  unchanged_JJ  .  
  empirically_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  a_AT1  unique_JJ  lag_NN  between_IO  wage_NN  and_CC  price_NN  changes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  therefore_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  rest_VV0  content_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  lag_NN  of_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  built_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  from_IO  a_JJ  priori_JJ"  reasoning_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  disposed_JJ  to_TO  conclude_VV0  from_IO  our_APP$  estimates_NNS  that_CS  demand_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  important_JJ  factor_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bargaining_NN  table_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  aggregation_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  working_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  general_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  labour_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  relevant_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pointed_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  \0H_NP  \0A_NP  Turner_NP  that_CS  in_IO  1952-53_MC-MC  recorded_JJ  unemployment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cotton_NN  industry_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  30_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  industry's_NN1$  manpower_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1    unions_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  presented_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  employers_NNS  a_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  wage_NN  increase_NN  but_CCB  persisted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  partial_JJ  success_NN    .  
  the_AT1  point_NN  here_RL  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  unions'_NN2  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  strengthened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  alternative_JJ  employment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  effect_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  considering_VBG  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  general_JJ  unemployment_NN  .  
  a_AT1  200,000_MC  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  unemployment_NN  will_VM  doubtless_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  greater_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  wage_NN  rates_NNS  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  spread_VBN  over_IO  all_DB  industries_NNS  equally_RR  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  concentrated_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  industry_NN  alone_RR  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cotton_NN  industry_NN  can_VM  then_RL  hardly_RR  be_VB0  cited_VBN  as_IO  evidence_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  variable_NN  ,_,  F*;t**;_&FO  ,_,  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  cost-inflation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  argued_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  trade_NN  union_NN  leader's_NN1$  job_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  higher_JJ  wages_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  members_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  matters_VBZ  little_RR  how_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  rationalize_VV0  his_APP$  demand_NN  for_IO  higher_JJ  money_NN  wages_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  profits_NNS  or_CC  increases_NNS  in_IO  productivity_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  such_DA  factors_NNS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  push_VV0  for_IO  increases_NNS  in_IO  money_NN  wages_NNS  on_IO  principle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  push_NN  depending_VBG  in_IO  part_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  can_VM  create_VV0  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  restraint_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  coefficient_NN  of_IO  F*;t**;_&FO  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  periods_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  conservative_JJ  government_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  power_NN  ,_,  unions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  pushing_VBG  harder_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  some_DD  three_MC  index_NN  points_NNS  per_IO  year_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  statistically_RR  firm_JJ  coefficient_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  as_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  autonomous_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  pressure_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  sample_NN  period_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evidence_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  estimates_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  maintain_VV0  that_CS  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  sample_NN  period_NN  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  wage_NN  rate_NN  index_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN    cost_NN    rather_RR  than_IO    demand_NN    induced_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  result_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  rationalized_VBN  by_IO  arguing_VBG  that_CS  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    cost-push_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  bargaining_NN  table_NN  is_VBZ  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  labour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  complement_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  without_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    for_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    cost-push_NN    might_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  very_RG  far_RR  ;_;  without_IO  the_AT1    cost-push_NN    in_IO  a_AT1  situation_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    ,_,  workers_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  unable_JJ  to_TO  exploit_VV0  their_APP$  favourable_JJ  position_NN  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  extent_NN  ,_,  changes_NNS  in_IO  wage_NN  rates_NNS  are_VBR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  both_DB2    cost-push_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    .  
  several_DA  writers_NNS  have_VH0  drawn_VBN  attention_NN  to_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  between_IO  wage_NN  earnings_NNS  and_CC  wage_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  criterion_NN  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  demand_NN  from_IO  cost_NN  inflation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  limited_JJ  information_NN  estimate_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  4.2_MC  )_)  attributes_VBZ  greater_JJ  significance_NN  to_IO  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  than_CS  to_IO  productivity_NN  ,_,  though_CS  both_DB2  can_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  significant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  residual_JJ  terms_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  computation_NN  were_VBDR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  highly_RR  autocorrelated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  estimate_NN  from_IO  transformed_JJ  data_NNS  has_VHZ  no_AT1  significant_JJ  serial_JJ  correlation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  residuals_NNS  but_CCB  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  estimate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  productivity_NN  and_CC  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  in_IO  accounting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  variable_NN  dominates_VBZ  the_AT1  relation_NN  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  our_APP$  estimates_NNS  in_IO  (_(  4.2_MC  )_)  are_VBR  over-generous_JJ  in_IO  attributing_VBG  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  to_IO  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  productivity_NN  .  
  our_APP$  results_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  inconsistent_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  spread_NN  is_VBZ  largely_RR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  correct_JJ  ,_,  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  indicator_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  .  
  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  constitute_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  sensitive_JJ  indicator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  ,_,  although_CS  absolute_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  index_NN  are_VBR  small_JJ  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  sense_NN  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  contribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  purely_RR  accounting_JJ  manner_NN  as_CS  do_VD0  ,_,  other_DA  things_NNS  being_VBG  equal_JJ  ,_,  increases_NNS  in_IO  output_NN  per_IO  man-hour_NN  for_IO  piece-workers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  unable_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  separate_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  relative_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  influences_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  overtime_NN  ,_,  bonus_NN  payments_NNS  ,_,  premium_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    official_JJ    working_NN  week_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  all_DB  been_VBN  important_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  side_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  often_RR  argued_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  has_VHZ  led_VBN  to_IO  payments_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1    official_JJ    rates_NNS  to_TO  bid_VV0  labour_NN  away_RP  from_IO  some_DD  firms_NNS  into_IO  others_DA2  .  
  our_APP$  results_NNS  are_VBR  consistent_JJ  with_IO  either_LE  hypothesis_NN  alone_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  compare_VV0  our_APP$  results_NNS  with_IO  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Swedish_JJ  economists_NNS  ,_,  Bent_NP  Hansen_NP  and_CC  Go"sta_NP  Rehn_NP  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Swedish_JJ  labour_NN  market_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  start_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  wage_NN  rates_NNS  are_VBR  fixed_VBN  institutionally_RR  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  forces_NNS  is_VBZ  reflected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  between_IO  earnings_NNS  and_CC  wage_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  describe_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  model_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  put_VBN  forward_RR  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  changes_NNS  in_IO  wage_NN  rates_NNS  are_VBR  influenced_VBN  by_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  living_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  climate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  procedure_NN  followed_VBN  by_IO  Hansen_NP  and_CC  Rehn_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  sample_NN  of_IO  annual_JJ  data_NNS  ,_,  1947-54_MC-MC  ,_,  for_IO  eight_MC  main_JB  groupings_NNS  within_IO  Swedish_JJ  manufacturing_JJ  industry_NN  .  
  briefly_RR  ,_,  their_APP$  findings_NNS  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  influence_NN  determining_VBG  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    in_IO  Sweden_NP  over_IO  these_DD2  years_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN    excess_JJ  demand_NN    .  
  they_PPHS2  tested_VVD  the_AT1  further_JB  influence_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  profits_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  increases_NNS  in_IO  productivity_NN  have_VH0  contributed_VBN  substantially_RR  to_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    .  
  neither_LE  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  significant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  relations_NNS  estimated_VBN  were_VBDR  between_IO  the_AT1  rates_NNS  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  profit_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  in_IO  productivity_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  in_IO  our_APP$  model_NN  productivity_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  significant_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  between_IO  earnings_NNS  and_CC  wage_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  when_CS all_DB  variables_NNS  are_VBR  expressed_VBN  as_IO  levels_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ceases_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  significant_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  least_DA  squares_NNS  computation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  variables_NNS  are_VBR  subjected_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  first-difference_JB  transformation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  our_APP$  findings_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  inconsistent_JJ  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Hansen_NP  and_CC  Rehn_NP  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  re-emphasized_VBN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  included_VBN  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  in_IO  our_APP$  computation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  an_AT1  indicator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  of_IO  other_DA  influences_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  our_APP$  earnings_NNS  variable_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  average_JJ  weekly_JJ  earnings_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  of_IO  hourly_JJ  earnings_NNS  .  
  Hansen_NP  and_CC  Rehn_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  construct_VV0  an_AT1  index_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    for_IO  labour_NN  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  by_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  unfilled_JJ  vacancies_NNS  and_CC  numbers_NNS  unemployed_JJ  .  
  where_CS numbers_NNS  unemployed_JJ  were_VBDR  not_XX  available_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,  vacancies_NNS  alone_RR  were_VBDR  used_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spread_NN  between_IO  earnings_NNS  and_CC  wage_NN  rates_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0UK_NP  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  sample_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  plausibly_RR  explained_VBN  in_IO    cost_NN    terms_NNS  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  argued_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  gap_NN  is_VBZ  automatically_RR  opened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  piece-workers'_NN2  earnings_NNS  as_CS  productivity_NN  increases_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  overtime_NN  worked_VBN  ,_,  such_DA  changes_NNS  may_VM  themselves_PPX2  be_VB0  traced_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  .  
  equation_NN  (_(  4.3_MC  )_)  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  close_JJ  relation_NN  between_IO  hours_NNS  worked_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  industrial_JJ  production_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  itself_PPX1  reflects_VBZ  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  .  
  passing_VBG  through_IO  this_DD1  chain_NN  of_IO  causation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  plausible_JJ  to_TO  expect_VV0  a_AT1  high_JJ  empirical_JJ  correlation_NN  between_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    for_IO  goods_NNS  and_CC  services_NNS  .  
  under_IO  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  implicit_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  relationship_NN  merely_RR  constitutes_VBZ  a_AT1  derived_JJ  relation_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  basic_JJ  structural_JJ  equation_NN  .  
  to_TO  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    in_IO  this_DD1  form_NN  would_VM  involve_VV0  obscuring_VBG  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  relationship_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  held_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1    wage_NN  drift_NN    are_VBR  not_XX  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    ,_,  since_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  imply_VV0  some_DD  bidding_NN  up_RP  of_IO  payments_NNS  to_IO  workers_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1    official_JJ  rates_NNS    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  then_RL  contended_VBN  that_CS  just_RR  as_CS  manufacturers_NNS  have_VH0  not_XX  bid_VBN  up_RP  prices_NNS  directly_RR  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  not_XX  bid_VBN  up_RP  wage_NN  payments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1    mark-up_NN    equation_NN  (_(  4.4_MC  )_)  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  earnings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  roughly_RR  twice_RR  as_RG  important_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  margin_NN  as_IO  import_NN  prices_NNS  in_IO  determining_VBG  the_AT1  general_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  consumer_NN  prices_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  period_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coefficient_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  import_NN  price_NN  index_NN  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO    cost-push_NN    to_IO  the_AT1  \0UK_NP  economy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  earnings_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  may_VM  represent_VV0  both_DB2  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO    cost-push_NN    and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  demand_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  through_IO  earnings_NNS  that_CS  demand_NN  affects_VBZ  the_AT1  general_JJ  consumer_NN  price_NN  level_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  .  
  our_APP$  particular_JJ  model_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inflationary_JJ  process_NN  brings_VBZ  out_RP  points_NNS  that_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  raised_VBN  by_IO  different_JJ  writers_NNS  and_CC  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  through_RP  some_DD  interrelated_JJ  patterns_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sphere_NN  of_IO  wage_NN  and_CC  price_NN  determination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  model_NN  illustrates_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  cost_NN  and_CC  demand_NN  elements_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  unique_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  judged_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  agreement_NN  with_IO  observed_JJ  data_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  contains_VBZ  flaws_NNS  ;_;  nevertheless_RR  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  reasonable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  encounters_VBZ  are_VBR  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  basic_JJ  economic_JJ  information_NN  .  
  our_APP$  statistical_JJ  analysis_NN  covers_VBZ  the_AT1  post-war_JB  period_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  average_JJ  relationships_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  rule_VV0  out_RP  dispersion_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Korean_JJ  war_NN  period_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  import_NN  prices_NNS  would_VM  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  made_VBN  a_AT1  much_RR  greater_JJ  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  consumer_NN  price_NN  level_NN  than_IO  earnings_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  ,_,  on_IO  average_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  earnings_NNS  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  factor_NN  .  
  this_DD1  fact_NN  limits_VBZ  the_AT1  usefulness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  in_IO  enabling_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  comment_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  debate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  inflation_NN  over_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  short_JJ  period_NN  as_IO  say_VV0  1956-57_MC-MC  .  
  our_APP$  results_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  assert_VV0  categorically_RR  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  had_VHN  either_LE  demand_NN  or_CC  cost_NN  inflation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  model_NN  attributes_VBZ  significance_NN  to_IO  both_DB2  cost_NN  and_CC  demand_NN  elements_NNS  .  
  even_RR  Professor_NNSB1  Robbins_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  firm_JJ  protagonist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  demand_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  concede_VV0  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  half_NN  of_IO  1957_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  1958_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  final_JJ  prices_NNS  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  largely_RR    cost-induced_JJ    ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  overshoot_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    .  
  consider_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  period_NN  1956-57_MC-MC  when_CS price_NN  and_CC  wage_NN  changes_NNS  were_VBDR  substantial_JJ  and_CC  over_IO  which_DDQ  much_DA  controversy_NN  has_VHZ  raged_VBN  .  
  in_IO  1955_MC  and_CC  1956_MC  unemployment_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  considerably_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  high_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  1952_MC  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  our_APP$  equation_NN  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  as_IO  a_AT1  basic_JJ  structural_JJ  relation_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  virtually_RR  committed_VBN  to_IO  accepting_VBG  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO    excess_JJ  demand_NN    for_IO  labour_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  significant_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  wage_NN  rate_NN  changes_NNS  in_IO  that_DD1  period_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  however_RR  be_VB0  argued_VBN  that_CS  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  places_VBZ  overmuch_DA  weight_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  average_JJ  unemployment_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  year_NN  our_APP$  average_NN  of_IO  registered_JJ  unemployment_NN  ,_,  in_IO  numbers_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  around_RR  350,000_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  price_NN  level_NN  were_VBDR  stationary_JJ  for_IO  sufficiently_RR  long_RR  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  variable_NN  in_IO  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  were_VBDR  to_TO  become_VV0  zero_MC  ,_,  then_RL  average_JJ  unemployment_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  numbers_NNS  registered_VBN  unemployed_JJ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  reach_VV0  only_RR  500,000_MC  before_IO  the_AT1  four-quarter_JB  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wage_NN  rate_NN  index_NN  would_VM  become_VV0  negative_JJ  (_(  assuming_VBG  **[formula**]_&FO  )_)  .  
  many_DA  would_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  find_VV0  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  implausible_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  argue_VV0  that_CS  (_(  4.1_MC  )_)  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  reversible_JJ  .  
  wage_NN  rates_NNS  go_VV0  up_RP  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  come_VV0  down_RP  .  
  more_RG  moderate_JJ  exponents_NNS  may_VM  grant_VV0  the_AT1  sincerity_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS make_VV0  the_AT1  claim_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  suggest_VV0  that_CS  notions_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  differ_VV0  so_RG  widely_RR  that_CS  a_AT1  situation_NN  which_DDQ  seems_VBZ  to_TO  justify_VV0  parity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  man_NN  will_VM  justify_VV0  a_AT1  differential_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  another_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  public_JJ  services_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  committed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  view_NN  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  Priestley_NP  commission_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  trade_NN  unions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  agreement_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  wages_NNS  and_CC  salaries_NNS  of_IO  civil_JJ  servants_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO    fair_JJ  comparison_NN  with_IO  current_JJ  remuneration_NN  of_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  staffs_NNS  employed_VBN  on_IO  broadly_RR  comparable_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  account_NN  of_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  other_DA  conditions_NNS  of_IO  service_NN    ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  pay_NN  research_NN  unit_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  established_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  the_AT1  information_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  these_DD2  comparisons_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Pilkington_NP  commission_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Guillebaud_NP  committee_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Willink_NP  commission_NN  have_VH0  since_II  extended_VBN    fair_JJ  comparisons_NNS    of_IO  one_MC1  sort_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  and_CC  dental_JJ  professions_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  railwaymen_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  possible_JJ  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO    fair_JJ  comparisons_NNS    in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  service_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  market_NN  forces_NNS  at_IO  one_MC1  remove_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  service_NN  financed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  taxation_NN  the_AT1  normal_JJ  processes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  available_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  wages_NNS  .  
  consequently_RR  wages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  service_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  rates_NNS  in_IO  outside_JB  outside_JB  occupations_NNS  where_CS market_NN  forces_NNS  apply_VV0  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  the_AT1  fair_JJ  wage_NN  means_VBZ  the_AT1  market_NN  rate_NN  .  
  this_DD1  view_NN  probably_RR  lay_VVD  behind_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  formulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fair_JJ  wages_NNS  resolution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  in_IO  1891_MC  .  
  fair_JJ  wages_NNS  were_VBDR  those_DD2    generally_RR  accepted_VBN  as_CS  current_JJ    .  
  trade_NN  unionists_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  agitated_VVD  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  accepted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  revision_NN  of_IO  1909_MC  .  
  fair_JJ  wages_NNS  were_VBDR  then_RL  defined_VBN  as_IO    those_DD2  commonly_RR  recognized_VBN  by_IO  employers_NNS  and_CC  trade_NN  societies_NNS    .  
  this_DD1  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  fair_JJ  wage_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  wage_NN  settled_VBN  by_IO  collective_JJ  agreement_NN    the_AT1    acceptable_JJ  wage_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  either_LE  of_IO  these_DD2  definitions_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  as_CS  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  every_AT1  detailed_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  wages_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  reveals_VBZ  startling_JJ  variations_NNS  and_CC  inconsistencies_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  payment_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  apparently_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  job_NN  even_RR  within_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  town_NN  or_CC  district_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  or_CC  collective_JJ  bargaining_NN  ,_,  or_CC  both_DB2  ,_,  lead_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  rates_NNS  ,_,  any_DD  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  fair_JJ  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  grounds_NNS  for_IO  arguing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  public_JJ  servant_NN  should_VM  ,_,  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  paid_VBN  the_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  range_NN  of_IO  rates_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  this_DD1  average_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  fair_JJ  wage_NN  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  workers_NNS  in_IO  comparable_JJ  outside_JB  outside_JB  occupations_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  who_PNQS are_VBR  getting_VBG  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  have_VH0  ,_,  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  equity_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  increase_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  figure_NN  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  sometimes_RR  wish_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  market_NN  rate_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  a_AT1  rate_NN  settled_VBN  by_IO  collective_JJ  bargaining_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  unfair_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  wages_NNS  paid_VBN  to_IO  coal-miners_NNS  and_CC  agricultural_JJ  workers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  'thirties_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  would_VM  perhaps_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  generally_RR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  unfair_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  necessary_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  depressed_JJ  markets_NNS  for_IO  coal_NN  exports_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  agricultural_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  coal-miners_NNS  were_VBDR  settled_VBN  by_IO  collective_JJ  agreement_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  ,_,  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  appear_VV0  fair_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  also_RR  suggest_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  common_JJ  view_NN  in_IO  modern_JJ  Britain_NP  that_CS  wages_NNS  paid_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  motor_NN  vehicles_NNS  are_VBR  unfairly_RR  high_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  wages_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  workers_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  settled_VBN  by_IO  collective_JJ  bargaining_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS hold_VV0  this_DD1  view_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  voice_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  public_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  therefore_RR  grounds_NNS  for_IO  supposing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  some_DD  other_DA  way_NN  of_IO  determining_VBG  fairness_NN  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1    higgling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN    ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  collective_JJ  bargaining_NN  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  inquiries_NNS  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  mentioned_VBN  seem_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  this_DD1  supposition_NN  and_CC  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_JJ  holds_VBZ  to_IO  certain_JJ  common_JJ  standards_NNS  whereby_CS it_PPH1  can_VM  compare_VV0  one_MC1  job_NN  with_IO  another_DD1  and_CC  decide_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  remuneration_NN  is_VBZ  fair_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  interim_JB  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Willink_NP  commission_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  argues_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  pay_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0    based_VBN  on_IO  conditions_NNS  recognized_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  as_CS  fair_JJ  and_CC  reasonable_JJ    .  
  Treasury_NP  evidence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Priestley_NP  commission_NN  argued_VVD  that_CS  :_:    .  if_CS  a_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  getting_VBG  ,_,  as_RG  near_II  as_CS  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  what_DDQ  citizens_NNS  of_IO  similar_JJ  attainments_NNS  are_VBR  getting_VBG  for_IO  doing_VBG  similar_JJ  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  at_RR  large_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  situation_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  commended_VBN  as_CS  fair_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  servant_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  by_IO  his_APP$  outside_JB  outside_JB  analogue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  taxpayer_NN  who_PNQS foots_VBZ  the_AT1  bill_NN  .  .    
  the_AT1  main_JB  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  reports_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  Priestley_NP  commission_NN  thought_VVD  that_CS  fairness_NN  demanded_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  rate_NN  of_IO  pay_NN  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1    outside_JB  outside_JB  analogue_NN    ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  Willink_NP  commission_NN  recommended_VVD  considerably_RR  higher_JJ  rates_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  than_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  occupations_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  compared_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  thus_RR  both_DB2  these_DD2  reports_NNS  hold_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  workers_NNS    or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  some_DD  grades_NNS  of_IO  workers_NNS    are_VBR  fairly_RR  paid_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  that_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  general_JJ  agreement_NN  from_IO  all_DB  sections_NNS  of_IO  society_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  would_VM  constitute_VV0  fair_JJ  payment_NN  .  
  no_AT1  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  support_NN  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  clearly_RR  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  devise_VV0  empirical_JJ  tests_NNS  to_TO  discover_VV0  whether_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  generally_RR  accepted_VBN  standards_NNS  of_IO  fairness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  is_VBZ  presented_VBN  as_CS  self-evident_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  at_RR  least_RR  as_CS  not_XX  worth_IO  arguing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  to_TO  pursue_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  :_:  can_VM  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  the_AT1  methods_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  four_MC  inquiries_NNS  as_IO  satisfactory_JJ  and_CC  dependable_JJ  procedures_NNS  for_IO  establishing_VBG  the_AT1    just_JJ    wage_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  how_CS wide_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  application_NN  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  set_VV0  out_RP  some_DD  information_NN  about_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  job_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  pay_NN  research_NN  unit_NN  is_VBZ  fact-finding_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  assists_VBZ  in_IO  establishing_JJ  job_NN  comparability_NN  by_IO  describing_VBG    the_AT1  similarity_NN  or_CC  difference_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  duties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  grades_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  comparison_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  made_VBN    ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  discovers_VBZ    the_AT1  pay_NN  and_CC  conditions_NNS  of_IO  service_NN  that_PNQS attach_VV0  to_IO  jobs_NNS  regarded_VBN  as_CS  comparable_JJ    .  
  armed_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  information_NN  the_AT1  two_MC  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  Whitley_NP  council_NN  can_VM  negotiate_VV0  what_DDQ  wage_NN  or_CC  salary_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  by_IO    fair_JJ  comparison_NN    ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  fail_VV0  to_TO  agree_VV0  ,_,  refer_VV0  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_IO  arbitration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Guillebaud_NP  committee's_NN1$  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  were_VBDR  wider_JJ  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  instructed_VBN    to_TO  conduct_VV0  an_AT1  investigation_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  relativity_NN  of_IO  pay_NN    of_IO  railway_NN  workers_NNS  with_IO  other_DA  workers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO    establish_VV0  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  job_NN  comparability_NN    as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  to_TO  discover_VV0  the_AT1  rates_NNS  of_IO  pay_NN  and_CC  other_DA  emoluments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  workers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  also_RR  empowered_VBN  to_TO  offer_VV0    general_JJ  observations_NNS  and_CC  conclusions_NNS    along_IO  with_II    the_AT1  ascertained_JJ  facts_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  terms_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Pilkington_NP  commission_NN  were_VBDR  wider_JJ  still_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  to_TO  consider_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  remuneration_NN  of_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  dentists_NNS  compared_VVD  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  other_DA  professions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  comparison_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  remuneration_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  finally_RR  the_AT1  Willink_NP  commission_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  no_AT1  instructions_NNS  to_TO  make_VV0  comparisons_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  asked_VBN  to_TO  consider_VV0  :_:    the_AT1  broad_JJ  principles_NNS  which_DDQ  should_VM  govern_VV0  the_AT1  remuneration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  constable_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  regard_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  extent_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  duties_NNS  and_CC  responsibilities_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  attract_VV0  and_CC  retain_VV0  an_AT1  adequate_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  recruits_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  proper_JJ  qualifications_NNS    ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  interim_JB  report_NN  rejects_VBZ  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO    fair_JJ  comparison_NN    as_CS  inapplicable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  service_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  on_RP  to_TO  argue_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  pay_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  constable_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  formula_NN  which_DDQ  yields_VBZ  almost_RR  70_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  wage_NN  rates_NNS  in_IO  certain_JJ  selected_JJ  skilled_JJ  occupations_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  criteria_NNS  which_DDQ  justify_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  remuneration_NN  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  simpler_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  justify_VV0  differences_NNS  in_IO  remuneration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  logically_RR  prior_JJ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  for_CS  how_CS could_VM  comparisons_NNS  which_DDQ  reveal_VV0  differences_NNS  between_IO  jobs_NNS  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  justify_VV0  differences_NNS  in_IO  pay_NN  unless_CS  comparisons_NNS  which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  reveal_VV0  those_DD2  differences_NNS  justified_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  pay_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  start_VV0  therefore_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  principle_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  job_NN  should_VM  carry_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  rate_NN  of_IO  pay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Willink_NP  commission_NN  have_VH0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  annexed_VVD  this_DD1  phrase_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  another_DD1  principle_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  their_APP$    third_MD  principle_NN    .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  state_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  principle_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  that_CS    it_PPH1  relies_VBZ  for_IO  its_APP$  operation_NN  very_RG  largely_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  judgement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  constable's_NN1$  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  community_NN    .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  phrase_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  described_VBN  the_AT1  old_JJ  trade_NN  union_NN  principle_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  fitter_NN  must_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  fitter's_NN1$  rate_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  a_AT1  compositor_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  compositor's_NN1$  rate_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  working_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  see_VV0  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  using_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  this_DD1  novel_JJ  and_CC  imprecise_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  when_CS two_MC  jobs_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  since_CS  two_MC  jobs_NNS  are_VBR  never_RR  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  which_WDTI  differences_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  negligible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  settling_VBG  payment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ingenuity_NN  of_IO  man_NN  can_VM  create_VV0  reasons_NNS  for_IO  additional_JJ  payments_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  everything_PN1  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  almost_RR  nothing_PN1    out_RP  of_IO  slight_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  materials_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  tools_NNS  and_CC  machinery_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  ;_;  out_RP  of_IO  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  ,_,  dirt_NN  or_CC  noise_NN  of_IO  working_NN  conditions_NNS  ;_;  out_RP  of_IO  responsibility_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  materials_NNS  ,_,  machinery_NN  ,_,  or_CC  money_NN  ;_;  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  some_DD  reason_NN  can_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN  for_IO  paying_VBG  X_ZZ1  more_DA  than_IO  Y_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  also_RR  for_IO  paying_VBG  Y_ZZ1  more_DA  than_IO  X_ZZ1  .  
  before_CS  we_PPIS2  write_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  off_RP  as_CS  insoluble_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  men_NNS  have_VH0  repeatedly_RR  cut_VBN  their_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  centuries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  so_PN1  constantly_RR  today_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  fitter's_NN1$  rate_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  compositor's_NN1$  rate_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  only_RR  meaningful_JJ  because_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  agreement_NN  about_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  proper_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fitter_NN  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  compositor_NN  ,_,  either_LE  by_IO  rule_NN  or_CC  by_IO  custom_NN  .  
  every_AT1  grading_NN  structure_NN  ,_,  in_IO  public_NN  and_CC  in_IO  private_JJ  employment_NN  ,_,  decides_VBZ  that_CS  certain_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  work_NN  warrant_VV0  differences_NNS  in_IO  pay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  great_JJ  majority_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  whereby_CS the_AT1  national_JJ  coal_NN  board_NN  reduced_VVD  something_PN1  like_IO  six_MC  thousand_MC  daywage_NN  job_NN  titles_NNS  to_IO  367_MC  titles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  grouped_VVD  these_DD2  titles_NNS  into_IO  thirteen_MC  different_JJ  wage_NN  grades_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  but_II  one_MC1  outstanding_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  process_NN  .  
  such_DA  examples_NNS  show_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  settlement_NN  of_IO  salaries_NNS  and_CC  wages_NNS  ,_,  men_NNS  are_VBR  willing_JJ  to_TO  neglect_VV0  many_DA  differences_NNS  between_IO  jobs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  recognize_VV0  others_DA2  as_CS  important_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  prove_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  general_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  should_VM  count_VV0  and_CC  what_DDQ  should_VM  not_XX  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  find_VV0  some_DD  evidence_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  that_CS  many_DA  thousands_MC2  of_IO  problems_NNS  about_IO  jobs_NNS  and_CC  about_IO  gradings_NNS  are_VBR  amicably_RR  settled_VBN  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  strikes_NNS  over_IO  demarcation_NN  disputes_NNS  or_CC  arbitration_NN  awards_NNS  on_IO  grading_NN  questions_NNS  only_RR  serve_VV0  to_TO  emphasize_VV0  the_AT1  wide_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  undisputed_JJ  territory_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  without_IO  widespread_JJ  agreement_NN  on_IO  which_WDTI  differences_NNS  count_VV0  and_CC  which_WDTI  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Guillebaud_NP  committee_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS    our_APP$  team_NN  of_IO  investigators_NNS  ,_,  coming_VBG  from_IO  widely-varied_JB  backgrounds_NNS  and_CC  with_IO  different_JJ  industrial_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  agreed_VVD  closely_RR  among_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  opinions_NNS  corresponded_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  most_DA  instances_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  our_APP$  Secretaries_NNSB2  and_CC  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  disagreements_NNS  which_DDQ  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO  discussion_NN    .  
  whether_CS  differences_NNS  count_VV0  or_CC  not_XX  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  largely_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  convention_NN  .  
  only_RR  empirical_JJ  tests_NNS  could_VM  discover_VV0  whether_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  generally_RR  accepted_JJ  conventions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  until_CS  such_DA  tests_NNS  are_VBR  carried_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  submit_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  grounds_NNS  for_IO  supposing_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  conventions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  fairly_RR  widely_RR  accepted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Priestley_NP  commission_NN  included_VVD  amongst_IO  their_APP$  criteria_NNS  of_IO  fairness_NN    the_AT1  educational_JJ  or_CC  other_DA  qualifications_NNS  required_VBN    .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  pay_NN  research_NN  unit_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  concentrated_VBN  more_RRR  on_IO  work_NN  than_CS  on_IO  qualifications_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  Pilkington_NP  and_CC  Willink_NP  commissions_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  qualifications_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  first_MD  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Pilkington_NP  commission_NN  was_VBDZ  instructed_VBN  to_TO  consider_VV0    the_AT1  proper_JJ  current_JJ  levels_NNS  of_IO  remuneration_NN    of_IO  doctors_NNS  and_CC  dentists_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  remuneration_NN  of_IO  other_DA  professions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  professions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  based_VVD  their_APP$  inquiry_NN  were_VBDR  :_:  accountants_NNS  ,_,  actuaries_NNS  ,_,  barristers_NNS  ,_,  solicitors_NNS  ,_,  architects_NNS  ,_,  surveyors_NNS  ,_,  engineers_NNS  and_CC  university_NN  teachers_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  category_NN  entitled_VBN    graduates_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN    .  
  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  studies_NNS  are_VBR  partial_JJ  ,_,  dealing_VBG  with_IO  particular_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  know_VV0  of_IO  which_DDQ  tries_VBZ  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  information_NN  to_TO  formulate_VV0  a_AT1  model_NN  of_IO  world_NN  economic_JJ  development_NN  and_CC  trade_NN  .  
  this_DD1  Professor_NNSB1  Lewis_NP  did_VDD  in_IO  1952_MC  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  statistics_NNS  for_IO  1870-1950_MC-MC  ,_,  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  six_MC  world_NN  variables_NNS  :_:  world_NN  industrial_JJ  production_NN  ,_,  world_NN  food_NN  production_NN  ,_,  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  ,_,  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  manufactures_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  although_CS  attractively_RR  simple_JJ  ,_,  fails_VBZ  to_TO  fit_VV0  developments_NNS  since_IO  1950_MC  partly_RR  because_CS  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  one_MC1  important_JJ  assumption_NN  not_XX  borne_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  events_NNS    the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  ratio_NN  between_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  (_(  food_NN  and_CC  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  )_)  and_CC  manufactures_NNS  would_VM  remain_VV0  unchanged_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  since_IO  1950_MC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  relative_JJ  growth_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  relative_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  relative_JJ  fall_NN  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  marked_JJ  if_CS  oil_NN  is_VBZ  excluded_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  causes_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  change_NN  have_VH0  aroused_VBN  great_JJ  controversy_NN  ,_,  controversy_NN  which_DDQ  illustrates_VBZ  how_CS difficult_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  interpret_VV0  significantly_RR  this_DD1  mass_NN  of_IO  statistical_JJ  information_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  side_NN  the_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  put_VBN  forward_RR  strongly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Professor_NNSB1  Nurkse_NP  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  relative_JJ  decline_NN  in_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  is_VBZ  mainly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  demand_NN  by_IO  industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  fall_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  agricultural_JJ  protection_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  industrial_JJ  production_NN  towards_IO  products_NNS  using_VBG  less_DA  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  substitution_NN  of_IO  synthetics_NNS  for_IO  natural_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  others_DA2  ,_,  including_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Cairncross_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS spoke_VVD  on_IO  this_DD1  theme_NN  here_RL  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  argued_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  factors_NNS  inducing_VBG  industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  to_TO  use_VV0  less_DA  primary_JJ  products_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shortage_NN  of_IO  supply_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  shortage_NN  of_IO  supply_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  degree_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  policy_NN  followed_VBN  by_IO  many_DA  primary_JJ  producing_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  analysis_NN  by_IO  \0GATT_NP  in_IO  successive_JJ  reports_NNS  on_IO    international_JJ  trade_NN    since_IO  1956_MC  has_VHZ  tended_VBN  to_TO  confirm_VV0  this_DD1  conclusion_NN  .  
  \0GATT_NP  classified_VVD  the_AT1  non-industrial_JJ  primary_JJ  producing_JJ  countries_NNS  into_IO  two_MC  groups_NNS  :_:  (_(  1_MC  )_)  the_AT1  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  where_CS industrialisation_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  made_VBN  substantial_JJ  progress_NN  (_(  countries_NNS  such_IO  as_II  Argentina_NP  ,_,  India_NP  and_CC  Australia_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  non-industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  then_RL  showed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  trade_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  group_NN  of_IO  countries_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  lead_VV0  conclusively_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  that_CS  reduced_JJ  supply_NN  had_VHD  at_RR  least_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  contributory_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  reduction_NN  in_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  since_IO  then_RL  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0A_NP  Maizels_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  institute_NN  has_VHZ  attempted_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  results_NNS  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  \0GATT_NP  analysis_NN  are_VBR  largely_RR  fortuitous_JJ  and_CC  do_VD0  not_XX  point_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  from_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  authors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  \0GATT_NP  reports_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Maizels_NP  shows_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  exports_NNS  of_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  from_IO  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  are_VBR  compared_VBN  with_IO  world_NN  demand_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  commodities_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  measures_VBZ  by_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  )_)  over_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  1937-38_MC-MC  to_IO  1955_MC  ,_,  then_RL  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  the_AT1  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  have_VH0  maintained_VBN  their_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  total_NN  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  concludes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  relative_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  is_VBZ  due_JJ  mainly_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  commodity_NN  composition_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  world_NN  demand_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  commodities_NNS  ;_;  thus_RR  confirming_VBG  the_AT1  demand_NN  deficiency_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  deficiency_NN  ,_,  view_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  weakness_NN  in_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Maizel's_PPIO2  main_JB  calculations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  some_DD  commodities_NNS  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  is_VBZ  accounted_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  surprising_JJ  that_CS  in_IO  these_DD2  cases_NNS  exports_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  on_IO  average_NN  show_VV0  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  movement_NN  in_IO  volume_NN  as_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  .  
  take_VV0  wool_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  example_NN  .  
  this_DD1  appears_VBZ  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  export_NN  for_IO  four_MC  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS    Argentina_NP  ,_,  Australia_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Zealand_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Union_NP  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  exports_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  four_MC  countries_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  bulk_NN  of_IO  world_NN  export_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  wool_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  surprising_JJ  therefore_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  export_NN  volume_NN  of_IO  wool_NN  from_IO  these_DD2  countries_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  average_NN  ,_,  approximates_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  total_NN  ,_,  some_DD  above_II  and_CC  some_DD  below_II  .  
  the_AT1  nearness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  total_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  case_NN  to_TO  demonstrate_VV0  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demand_NN  deficiency_NN  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  point_NN  applies_VBZ  to_IO  coffee_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  export_NN  of_IO  three_MC  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  Brazil_NP  ,_,  Colombia_NP  and_CC  Mexico_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  between_IO  them_PPHO1  account_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  coffee_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  inevitably_RR  gets_VBZ  into_IO  difficulty_NN  if_CS  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  use_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  so_RG  often_RR  happens_VBZ  in_IO  analyses_NNS  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  figures_NNS  as_CS  representing_VBG  both_DB2  world_NN  supply_NN  and_CC  world_NN  demand_NN  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS one_MC1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  semi-industrialised_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  Argentina_NP  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  there_EX  seems_VBZ  strong_JJ  evidence_NN  that_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  reduction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  products_NNS  for_IO  export_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  arguing_VBG  that_DD1  Argentinian_JJ  economic_JJ  and_CC  commercial_JJ  policy_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  important_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  reduction_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  differences_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  importance_NN  of_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  demand_NN  and_CC  supply_NN  from_IO  country_NN  to_IO  country_NN  ,_,  and_CC  suspect_VV0  that_CS  any_DD  generalisation_NN  which_DDQ  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  settle_VV0  this_DD1  controversy_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  general_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  too_RG  sweeping_JJ  in_IO  ignoring_VBG  the_AT1  peculiar_JJ  and_CC  divergent_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  major_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statistics_NNS  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  commanded_VBN  great_JJ  attention_NN  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  growth_NN  and_CC  changing_JJ  character_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1930's_MC2  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  most_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS attempted_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  ahead_RR  to_IO  future_JB  developments_NNS  in_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  were_VBDR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  rather_DA  a_AT1  gloomy_JJ  view_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  trade_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  cotton_NN  textiles_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  disappearing_VBG  rapidly_RR  as_CS  domestic_JJ  industries_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  built_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  newly-developing_JB  industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  for_IO  increased_JJ  trade_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  advanced_JJ  industrial_JJ  countries_NNS  seemed_VVD  likely_JJ  to_TO  become_VV0  restricted_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  wider_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  industrial_JJ  development_NN  became_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  similar_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  more_RG  rapidly_RR  than_IO  world_NN  industrial_JJ  production_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  1938_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  European_JJ  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  being_VBG  most_RG  remarkable_JJ  and_CC  unexpected_JJ  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  regular_JJ  statistical_JJ  information_NN  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  standard_JJ  international_JJ  classification_NN  ,_,  about_IO  this_DD1  trade_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  examine_VV0  its_APP$  pattern_NN  and_CC  structure_NN  in_IO  great_JJ  detail_NN  .  
  familiarity_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  statistical_JJ  detail_NN  can_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  feeling_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  international_JJ  trade_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  lines_NNS  and_CC  markets_NNS  are_VBR  expanding_VBG  or_CC  contracting_VBG  .  
  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  pay_VV0  particular_JJ  care_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  does_VBZ  each_DD1  quarter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tables_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  journal_NN  ,_,  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  fortunes_NNS  of_IO  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  trade_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  international_JJ  competition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  myself_PPX1  whether_CS  the_AT1  accumulation_NN  of_IO  statistics_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  grubbing_NN  about_RP  among_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  significant_JJ  statistical_JJ  trends_NNS  by_IO  itself_PPX1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   much_DA  understanding_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  forces_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  making_VBG  for_IO  change_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VM  much_DA  more_DA  understanding_NN  and_CC  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  behind_IO  the_AT1  statistics_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  changes_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  complex_JJ  interaction_NN  of_IO  forces_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  our_APP$  analytical_JJ  tools_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  primitive_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  hope_VV0  to_TO  acquire_VV0  this_DD1  deeper_JJ  understanding_NN  and_CC  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  confine_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_NN  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  statistical_JJ  trends_NNS  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  will_VM  endure_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  problems_NNS  in_IO  understanding_VBG  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shifting_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  trade_NN  in_IO  manufactures_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  between_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  forces_NNS  in_IO  operation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  period_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  for_IO  trade_NN  to_TO  adjust_VV0  itself_PPX1  to_IO  those_DD2  forces_NNS  .  
  take_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  major_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  British_JJ  foreign_JJ  trade_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  50_MC  years_NNS    the_AT1  almost_RR  complete_JJ  disappearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  as_IO  a_AT1  net_JB  exporter_NN  of_IO  cotton_NN  textiles_NNS  .  
  looking_VBG  back_RP  now_RL  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  forces_NNS  which_DDQ  led_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  change_NN  were_VBDR  already_RR  in_IO  operation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  immediately_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN    the_AT1  acquisition_NN  by_IO  Japan_NP  ,_,  India_NP  and_CC  other_DA  countries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  technical_JJ  and_CC  economic_JJ  experience_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  develop_VV0  efficient_JJ  cotton_NN  textile_NN  industries_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  consequential_JJ  loss_NN  by_IO  Lancashire_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  comparative_JJ  advantage_NN  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  of_IO  manufacture_NN  for_IO  over_RR  a_AT1  century_NN  .  
  but_CCB  although_CS  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  forces_NNS  had_VHD  already_RR  changed_VBN  by_IO  1920_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  took_VVD  many_DA  years_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  consequences_NNS  to_TO  work_VV0  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  .  
  and_CC  because_CS  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  adjustment_NN  took_VVD  so_RG  long_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  so_RG  slow_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  underlying_JJ  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  recognised_VBN  .  
  throughout_IO  the_AT1  1920's_MC2  and_CC  1930's_MC2  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  widely_RR  held_JJ  view_NN  that_CS  ,_,  given_VBN  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  re-organisation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ,_,  Lancashire_NP  could_VM  regain_VV0  her_APP$  pre-1914_JB  world_NN  trading_NN  position_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  recognise_VV0  powerful_JJ  new_JJ  economic_JJ  forces_NNS  affecting_VBG  world_NN  trade_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  first_RR  emerge_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  treat_VV0  the_AT1  structure_NN  and_CC  pattern_NN  of_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  as_CS  relatively_RR  stable_JJ  and_CC  unchanging_JJ  until_CS  change_NN  makes_VBZ  itself_PPX1  clearly_RR  evident_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  statistics_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  discussed_VBN  very_RG  briefly_RR  only_RR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  statistical_JJ  information_NN  about_IO  world_NN  trade_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  main_JB  forces_NNS  making_VBG  for_IO  change_NN  .  
  but_CCB  these_DD2  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  are_VBR  quite_RR  typical_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  lead_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  clear_JJ  conclusion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  new_JJ  approach_NN  is_VBZ  leading_VBG  to_IO  great_JJ  enlightenment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  hardly_RR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  sum_VV0  up_RP  my_APP$  view_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  still_RR  far_RR  from_IO  having_VHG  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  theory_NN  or_CC  in_IO  statistical_JJ  analysis_NN  ,_,  techniques_NNS  which_DDQ  enable_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  explain_VV0  satisfactorily_RR  the_AT1  main_JB  features_NNS  of_IO  international_JJ  trade_NN  .  
  many_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  will_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  think_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  too_RG  gloomy_JJ  and_CC  sceptical_JJ  a_AT1  view_NN  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  this_DD1  field_NN  of_IO  economics_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  many_DA  others_DA2  ,_,  however_CS complex_JJ  our_APP$  theoretical_JJ  and_CC  statistical_JJ  models_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  impressed_VBN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  over-impressed_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  their_APP$  relative_JJ  crudity_NN  and_CC  simplicity_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  intricacy_NN  and_CC  complexity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  world_NN  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  model_NN  of_IO  employment_NN  ,_,  money_NN  and_CC  prices_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  growing_JJ  economy_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0W_NP  Phillips_NP  .  
  1_MC  .  introduction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  article_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  develop_VV0  a_AT1  simple_JJ  aggregative_JJ  model_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  study_VV0  both_DB2  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  reducing_VBG  short-period_JB  fluctuations_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  economy_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  attaining_VBG  longer-term_JJ  objectives_NNS  relating_VBG  to_IO  employment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  price_NN  level_NN  and_CC  growth_NN  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  the_AT1  Keynesian_JJ  model_NN  of_IO  employment_NN  ,_,  interest_NN  and_CC  money_NN  is_VBZ  extended_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ways_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO    normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN    is_VBZ  introduced_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  increases_VBZ  continuously_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  investment_NN  in_IO  improving_VBG  productive_JJ  resources_NNS  .  
  actual_JJ  output_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  expressed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  level_NN  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  to_TO  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  output_NN  to_IO  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  productivity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  to_TO  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,  actual_JJ  output_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  price_NN  level_NN  .  
  investment_NN  demand_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  output_NN  to_IO  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  expected_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  .  
  by_IO  defining_VBG  some_DD  variables_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  either_LE  logarithms_NNS  or_CC  ratios_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  economic_JJ  variables_NNS  ,_,  assuming_VBG  continuously_RR  distributed_JJ  time_NN  lags_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  relations_NNS  and_CC  making_VBG  certain_JJ  linear_JJ  approximations_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  be_VB0  satisfactory_JJ  for_IO  moderate_JJ  fluctuations_NNS  in_IO  output_NN  and_CC  employment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  model_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  differential_JJ  equations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  steady_JJ  state_NN  solutions_NNS  give_VV0  the_AT1  paths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  variables_NNS  in_IO  conditions_NNS  of_IO  steady_JJ  or_CC    equilibrium_NN    growth_NN  and_CC  in_RR  particular_RR  show_VV0  the_AT1  long-run_JB  relations_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  to_IO  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  level_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  growth_NN  of_IO  normal_JJ  capacity_NN  output_NN  .  
  the_AT1  transient_JJ  solutions_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  show_VV0  deviations_NNS  from_IO  ,_,  or_CC  short-period_JB  fluctuations_NNS  about_IO  ,_,  the_AT1    growth_NN  equilibrium_NN    paths_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  used_VBN  to_TO  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stabilisation_NN  policy_NN  .  
  1880_MC  may_VM  be_VB0  quite_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  watershed_NN  for_IO  other_DA  reasons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  public_JJ  health_NN  act_NN  of_IO  1875_MC  had_VHD  enabled_VBN  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  to_TO  pass_VV0  bye-laws_NNS  regulating_VBG  the_AT1  structure_NN  of_IO  walls_NNS  and_CC  foundations_NNS  of_IO  new_JJ  buildings_NNS  on_IO  health_NN  grounds_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  merely_RR  on_IO  grounds_NNS  of_IO  stability_NN  and_CC  fire_NN  prevention_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  1870s_MC2  the_AT1  local_JJ  government_NN  board_NN  published_VVD  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  model_JB  bye-laws_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  guidance_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  matters_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  recent_JJ  estimate_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  almost_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dwellings_NNS  occupied_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  some_DD  3_MC  2/3_MC  million_MC  ,_,  were_VBDR  built_VBN  before_IO  1880_MC  .  
  to_TO  demolish_VV0  them_PPHO1  by_IO  1980_MC  would_VM  require_VV0  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  demolition_NN  of_IO  nearly_RR  200_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  thereafter_RR  ,_,  assuming_VBG  no_AT1  shortening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  demolition_NN  would_VM  fall_VV0  to_IO  about_RR  100_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  since_CS  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  built_VBN  at_IO  roughly_RR  this_DD1  rate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  twenty-five_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  admittedly_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  overriding_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  picking_VBG  100_MC  years_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  natural_JJ  term_NN  of_IO  life_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  eighty_MC  years_NNS  ;_;  nor_CC  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  special_JJ  reason_NN  why_CS the_AT1  backlog_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  cleared_VBN  in_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  in_IO  ten_MC  or_CC  thirty_MC  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  given_IO  the_AT1  likely_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  stock_NN  required_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  within_IO  the_AT1  capacity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  building_NN  industry_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  replacement_NN  programme_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  by_IO  1980_MC  .  
  this_DD1  aim_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  ambitious_JJ  one_MC1  ;_;  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  achieved_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  housing_NN  stock_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  might_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  in_IO  western_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  France_NP  .  
  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  programme_NN  in_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  ten_MC  years_NNS  would_VM  mean_VV0  forcing_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  annual_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  house_NN  building_NN  to_IO  something_PN1  near_IO  500_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  subsequent_JJ  severe_JJ  drop_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  policy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  housing_NN  need_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  between_IO  now_RL  and_CC  1980_MC  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  for_IO  the_AT1  replacement_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  houses_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  for_IO  additions_NNS  to_IO  stock_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  house_NN  building_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  reverse_NN  .  
  only_RR  about_RR  60-70_MC-MC  thousand_MC  houses_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  demolished_VBN  each_DD1  year_NN  ;_;  so_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  260-270_MC-MC  thousand_MC  houses_NNS  being_VBG  built_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  ,_,  just_RR  on_IO  200_MC  thousand_MC  are_VBR  adding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  stock_NN  .  
  this_DD1  pattern_NN  can_VM  hardly_RR  continue_VV0  for_IO  long_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  can_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  on_RP  up_RP  to_IO  1980_MC  .  
  the_AT1  stock_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  is_VBZ  rising_VBG  by_IO  some_DD  200_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  needing_VBG  separate_JJ  dwellings_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  increase_VV0  by_IO  an_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  around_RP  100_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  vacancies_NNS  are_VBR  therefore_RR  likely_JJ  to_TO  increase_VV0  by_IO  some_DD  100_MC  thousand_MC  a_AT1  year_NN    this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_DA  little_DA  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  unfurnished_JJ  vacancies_NNS  in_IO  1951_MC  (_(  140_MC  thousand_MC  )_)  .  
  clearly_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  limit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  remain_VV0  vacant_JJ  .  
  owners_NNS  of_IO  vacant_JJ  houses_NNS  will_VM  reduce_VV0  prices_NNS  or_CC  rents_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  sell_VV0  or_CC  get_VV0  tenants_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  falling_JJ  price_NN  of_IO  older_JJ  houses_NNS  must_VM  eventually_RR  depress_VV0  the_AT1  prices_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  offered_VBN  for_IO  new_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  will_VM  cut_VV0  into_IO  building_NN  profits_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  slow_VV0  down_RP  new_JJ  house_NN  building_NN  by_IO  private_JJ  developers_NNS  .  
  how_CS big_JJ  the_AT1  vacancy_NN  proportion_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  before_CS  this_DD1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  happen_VV0  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:  American_JJ  experience_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  critical_JJ  vacancy_NN  level_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  about_RR  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  or_CC  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  house_NN  building_NN  this_DD1  vacancy_NN  level_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  reached_VBN  in_IO  about_RR  five_MC  years'_NN2  time_NN  .  
  imperfections_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  housing_NN  market_NN    the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  houses_NNS  and_CC  vacancies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  high_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  while_CS  demand_NN  for_IO  additional_JJ  new_JJ  houses_NNS  is_VBZ  heavier_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1    might_VM  insulate_VV0  new_JJ  buildings_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  depressing_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  vacancies_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  present_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  building_NN  continues_VBZ  ,_,  some_DD  time_NN  between_IO  now_RL  and_CC  1970_MC  the_AT1  critical_JJ  level_NN  of_IO  vacancies_NNS  will_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  reached_VBN  .  
  taking_VBG  the_AT1    maximum_JJ    estimate_NN  of_IO  household_NN  formation_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1    medium_JB    one_MC1  (_(  page_NN  22_MC  )_)  and_CC  consequently_RR  assuming_VBG  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  125_MC  thousand_MC  households_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  100_MC  thousand_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  additions_NNS  to_IO  stock_NN  would_VM  still_RR  bring_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  5_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  vacancy_NN  rate_NN  within_IO  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  decade_NN  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  therefore_RR  is_VBZ  whether_CS  resources_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  channelled_VBN  from_IO  additions_NNS  to_IO  replacement_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  developer_NN  to_TO  undertake_VV0  the_AT1  demolition_NN  and_CC  replacement_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  acquire_VV0  groups_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  dwellings_NNS  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  high_JJ  cost_NN  of_IO  individual_JJ  demolition_NN  and_CC  because_CS  old_JJ  houses_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  so_RG  densely_RR  packed_VBN  that_CS  perhaps_RR  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  demolished_VBN  for_IO  every_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  built_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  developer_NN  may_VM  therefore_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  owners_NNS  :_:  ownership_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  property_NN  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  even_RR  more_RG  fragmented_VBN  as_CS  landlords_NNS  sell_VV0  houses_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  rent_NN  control_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  lifted_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  rehousing_VBG  the_AT1  old_JJ  tenants_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  developer_NN  does_VBZ  build_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  houses_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  more_RG  expensive_JJ  than_IO  houses_NNS  built_VBN  on_IO  virgin_JB  land_NN  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  demolition_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  doubt_VV0  whether_CS  clients_NNS  wealthy_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  buy_VV0  relatively_RR  expensive_JJ  houses_NNS  will_VM  in_IO  fact_NN  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS  to_IO  predominantly_RR  working_JJ  class_NN  neighbourhoods_NNS  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  these_DD2  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  when_CS old_JJ  houses_NNS  are_VBR  demolished_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  houses_NNS  (_(  whether_CS  built_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  site_NN  or_CC  elsewhere_RR  )_)  are_VBR  built_VBN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  housing_NN  subsidy_NN  bill_NN  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  kept_VBN  down_RP  .  
  this_DD1  policy_NN  would_VM  imply_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  blocks_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  houses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  rings_NNS  of_IO  cities_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  occupied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  poor_JJ  ,_,  should_VM  be_VB0  rebuilt_VBN  with_IO  houses_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  relatively_RR  wealthy_JJ  .  
  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  at_IO  most_DA  the_AT1  top_JB  third_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  income_NN  scale_NN  who_PNQS are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS    though_CS  rather_RR  more_DA  than_IO  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  building_NN  was_VBDZ  amortised_VBN  over_RR  60_MC  years_NNS  (_(  page_NN  27_MC  and_CC  table_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS previously_RR  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  would_VM  move_VV0  to_IO  better_JJ  but_CCB  still_RR  old_JJ  houses_NNS  in_IO  outer_JB  districts_NNS  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  ordered_JJ  improvement_NN  in_IO  standards_NNS  for_IO  households_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  income_NN  groups_NNS  ,_,  each_DD1  household_NN  moving_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  a_RR  little_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  it_PPH1  previously_RR  lived_VVD  in_IO  .  
  housing_NN  standards_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  improved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  percolation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  policy_NN  would_VM  require_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  mobility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  further_JB  difficulty_NN  .  
  obstacles_NNS  to_IO  mobility_NN  .  
  mobility_NN  is_VBZ  high_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  household_NN  is_VBZ  growing_JJ  but_CCB  this_DD1  rapidly_RR  tails_VBZ  off_RP  as_CS  the_AT1  parents_NNS  reach_VV0  middle_JB  age_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  children_NNS  are_VBR  leaving_VBG  home_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  parents_NNS  are_VBR  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  by_IO  jobs_NNS  and_CC  friends_NNS  and_CC  often_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  improvements_NNS  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  garden_NN  .  
  when_CS   as_CS  usually_RR  happens_VBZ    the_AT1  husband_NN  dies_VBZ  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  widow_NN  often_RR  stays_VBZ  on_IO  her_PPHO1  own_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS a_AT1  four-roomed_JJ  dwelling_NN    was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  1951_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  most_RG  common_JJ  size_NN  of_IO  dwelling_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  one-person_JB  household_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  obstacles_NNS  to_IO  mobility_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  owner-occupier_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fees_NNS  for_IO  selling_VBG  a_AT1  *+3,000_NNU  house_NN  and_CC  buying_VBG  and_CC  surveying_VBG  another_DD1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  price_NN  can_VM  easily_RR  amount_VV0  to_IO  *+160_NNU  ,_,  excluding_VBG  removal_NN  expenses_NNS  .  
  even_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  *+1,000_NNU  house_NN  fees_NNS  may_VM  well_RR  come_VV0  to_IO  *+80_NNU  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  cheaper_JJ  for_IO  those_DD2  renting_VBG  houses_NNS  to_TO  move_VV0  :_:  here_RL  the_AT1  main_JB  obstacle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  that_DD1  tenants_NNS  of_IO  rent-controlled_JJ  dwellings_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS can_VM  become_VV0  owner-occupiers_NNS  is_VBZ  limited_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  mortgage_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  a_AT1  small_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  can_VM  afford_VV0  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  ,_,  to_TO  repay_VV0  the_AT1  mortgage_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  (_(  page_NN  27_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  will_VM  grow_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  privately-rented_JB  houses_NNS  dwindles_VBZ  .  
  old_JJ  houses_NNS  are_VBR  lived_VBN  in_IO  mainly_RR  by_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  and_CC  who_PNQS need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  rent_VV0  ;_;  unless_CS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  replacements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  houses_NNS  are_VBR  also_RR  built_VBN  to_TO  let_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  serious_JJ  shortage_NN  of_IO  rented_JJ  accommodation_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  further_RR  hinder_VV0  mobility_NN  .  
  economic_JJ  rent_NN  and_CC  home_NN1  ownership_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  tenants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pre-1880_JB  houses_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  rehoused_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  houses_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  who_PNQS can_VM  undertake_VV0  this_DD1  operation_NN  ;_;  for_CS  this_DD1  housing_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  subsidised_VBN  substantially_RR  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS live_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  old_JJ  houses_NNS  can_VM  not_XX    either_LE  now_RL  or_CC  in_IO  1980_MC    afford_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  since_CS  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  demolition_NN  will_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  houses_NNS  more_RG  expensive_JJ  than_IO  most_DA  .  
  new_JJ  houses_NNS  are_VBR  expensive_JJ  to_TO  buy_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  because_CS  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  sixty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  cost_NN  usually_RR  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  repaid_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  building_NN  society_NN  over_IO  about_RR  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  *+2,500_NNU  three-bedroomed_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  annual_JJ  cost_NN  (_(  at_IO  an_AT1  interest_NN  rate_NN  of_IO  6_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  )_)  *+284_NNU  (_(  table_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  spreading_VBG  the_AT1  cost_NN  over_IO  sixty_MC  years_NNS  brings_VBZ  down_RP  the_AT1  annual_JJ  sum_NN  required_VBN  to_IO  *+214_NNU  ;_;  this_DD1  figure_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  (_(  including_VBG  rates_NNS  and_CC  maintenance_NN  )_)  of_IO  a_AT1  typical_JJ  local_JJ  authority_NN  new_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  since_CS  most_DA  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  assume_VV0  a_AT1  sixty-year_JB  life_NN  .  
  virtually_RR  no_AT1  private_JJ  developers_NNS  are_VBR  building_VBG  ordinary_JJ  houses_NNS  for_IO  renting_NN  .  
  any_DD  who_PNQS did_VDD  ,_,  after_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  rent_NN  control_NN  ,_,  would_VM  probably_RR  wish_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  their_APP$  capital_NN  back_RP  in_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  ten_MC  to_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  basis_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  higher_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  figures_NNS  and_CC  indeed_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  buying_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_DA  that_CS  a_AT1  household_NN  can_VM  normally_RR  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  housing_NN  is_VBZ  probably_RR  about_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  income_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  people_NNS  pay_VV0  far_RR  less_DA  .  
  the_AT1  building_NN  societies_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  as_IO  the_AT1  maximum_NN  .  
    a_AT1  very_RG  common_JJ  rule_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  regular_JJ  outgoings_NNS  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  house_NN  ownership_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  an_AT1  applicant's_NN1$  basic_JJ  income_NN  (_(  excluding_VBG  overtime_NN  ,_,  bonuses_NNS  and_CC  spare-time_JB  earnings_NNS  )_)  .  
  both_DB2  sums_NNS  are_VBR  normally_RR  considered_VBN  without_IO  taking_VBG  account_NN  of_IO  tax_NN  .    
  even_RR  taking_VBG  this_DD1  maximum_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  25_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  households_NNS  still_RR  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  something_PN1  like_IO  90_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  can_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  one_MC1  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  (_(  table_NN  4_MC  and_CC  chart_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  purchase_NN  out_RP  of_IO  income_NN  only_RR  :_:  rather_RR  more_DA  than_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  households_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  significant_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  capital_NN    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  over_RR  a_AT1  third_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  now_RL  own_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  paying_VBG  for_IO  ,_,  a_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  rather_RR  more_DA  than_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  can_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  use_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  capital_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  help_VV0  to_TO  extend_VV0  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  owner-occupation_NN  if_CS  mortgages_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  nearer_RRR  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  .  
  this_DD1  would_VM  bring_VV0  the_AT1  proportion_NN  of_IO  households_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  buy_VV0  nearer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  proportion_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  rent_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  even_RR  so_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  now_RL  living_VBG  in_IO  pre-1880_JB  houses_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  unable_JJ  to_TO  buy_VV0  or_CC  pay_VV0  the_AT1  economic_JJ  rent_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  ;_;  for_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  half_NN  of_IO  income-receivers_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  unlikely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  any_DD  substantial_JJ  assets_NNS  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  the_AT1  position_NN  likely_JJ  to_TO  change_VV0  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  real_JJ  incomes_NNS  might_VM  nearly_RR  double_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  new_JJ  house_NN  prices_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  to_TO  rise_VV0  faster_JJ  than_IO  other_DA  prices_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  productivity_NN  in_IO  house_NN  building_NN  increases_VBZ  more_RG  slowly_RR  than_CS  in_IO  most_DA  other_DA  industries_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  comparing_VBG  1960_MC  with_IO  1938_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  local_JJ  authority_NN  house_NN  (_(  excluding_VBG  land_NN  )_)  rose_VVD  appreciably_RR  faster_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  household_NN  income_NN  .  
  longer_JJ  term_NN  comparisons_NNS  are_VBR  possible_JJ  for_IO  some_DD  other_DA  European_JJ  countries_NNS  :_:  in_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  which_DDQ  information_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ    the_AT1  Netherlands_NP  ,_,  France_NP  and_CC  Ireland_NP    house_NN  building_NN  costs_NNS  rose_VVD  faster_RRR  than_IO  wages_NNS  from_IO  1914_MC  to_IO  1956_MC  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  considerable_JJ  scope_NN  for_IO  productivity_NN  rises_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  traditional_JJ  houses_NNS  completed_VBN  in_IO  1949-1951_MC-MC  the_AT1  labour_NN  costs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  least_RG  efficient_JJ  firms_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  three_MC  times_NNS  as_RG  great_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  efficient_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  some_DD  improvement_NN  may_VM  come_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  better-managed_JJ  firms_NNS  ousting_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  efficient_JJ  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  so_RG  old_JJ  an_AT1  industry_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  composed_VBN  of_IO  so_RG  many_DA  small_JJ  firms_NNS  ,_,  varying_VBG  so_RG  widely_RR  in_IO  efficiency_NN  ,_,  argues_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  forces_NNS  of_IO  competition_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  strong_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  notice_NN  to_TO  quit_VV0  may_VM  name_VV0  the_AT1  exact_JJ  day_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  termination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenancy_NN  ,_,  or_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  generally_RR  ;_;  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  by_IO  such_DA  words_NNS  as_IO    at_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  tenancy_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  expire_VV0  next_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  half_DB  year_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  notice_NN    (_(  Addis_NP  \0v_IO  Burrows_NP  ,_,  (_(  1948_MC  )_)  1_MC  \0K.B_NP  444_MC  )_)  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  notice_NN  is_VBZ  such_DA  as_CS  to_TO  leave_VV0  doubt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  as_IO  to_II  when_CS the_AT1  tenancy_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  notice_NN  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  .  
  similar_JJ  rules_NNS  to_IO  those_DD2  stated_VBN  above_II  apply_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  weekly_JJ  ,_,  monthly_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  periodic_JJ  tenancies_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  notice_NN  necessary_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  tenancy_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  period_NN  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenancy_NN  ;_;  thus_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  weekly_JJ  tenancy_NN  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  week's_NN1$  notice_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  expire_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenancy_NN  .  
  a_AT1  statutory_JJ  exception_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  rule_NN  exists_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  premises_NNS  let_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  dwelling_NN  ;_;  section_NN  16_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  rent_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1957_MC  ,_,  provides_VBZ  that_CS  no_AT1  notice_NN  to_TO  quit_VV0  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  such_DA  premises_NNS  shall_VM  be_VB0  valid_JJ  unless_CS  given_VBN  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  four_MC  weeks_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  take_VV0  effect_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  eight_MC  .  
  stamping_NN  and_CC  registration_NN  of_IO  leases_NNS  .  
  1_MC  .    stamping_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stamp_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1891_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  regulates_VBZ  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  stamp_NN  duties_NNS  on_IO  instruments_NNS  ,_,  imposes_VBZ  duties_NNS  upon_IO  leases_NNS  and_CC  agreements_NNS  for_IO  leases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  sections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  2_MC  (_(  post_RR  at_IO  \0p_NN  85_MC  )_)  .  
  an_AT1  agreement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  is_VBZ  chargeable_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  duty_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  lease_NN  and_CC  must_VM  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  accordingly_RR  (_(  section_NN  75_MC  (_(  1_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  )_)  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  lease_NN  is_VBZ  subsequently_RR  executed_VBN  which_DDQ  conforms_VBZ  with_IO  an_AT1  agreement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  stamped_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  chargeable_JJ  with_IO  duty_NN  of_IO  sixpence_NNS  only_RR  (_(  section_NN  75_MC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  agreement_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  produced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stamping_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lease_NN  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  duty_NN  paid_JJ  denoting_JJ  stamp_NN  under_IO  section_NN  11_MC  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  payable_JJ  is_VBZ  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  schedule_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stamp_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1891_MC  (_(  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  2_MC  ,_,  post_RR  at_IO  \0p_NN  89_MC  )_)  ,_,  taken_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  section_NN  34_MC  (_(  1_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1958_MC  (_(  see_VV0  appendix_NN  2_MC  ,_,  post_RR  at_IO  \0p_NN  169_MC  )_)  .  
  although_CS  an_AT1  agreement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  distinction_NN  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  between_IO  an_AT1  agreement_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  mere_JB  proposal_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  latter_DA  does_VBZ  not_XX  require_VV0  a_AT1  stamp_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  rule_NN  all_DB  stamps_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  impressed_VBN  (_(  section_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  stamp_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1891_MC  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  section_NN  78_MC  provides_VBZ  that_CS  in_IO  certain_JJ  cases_NNS  the_AT1  stamp_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  adhesive_JJ  stamp_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  where_CS an_AT1  adhesive_JJ  stamp_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  cancelled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS first_RR  executes_VBZ  the_AT1  instrument_NN  .  
  an_AT1  adhesive_JJ  stamp_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  instances_NNS  :_:    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dwelling-house_NN  ,_,  or_CC  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dwelling-house_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  a_AT1  year_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  rent_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  forty_MC  pounds_NNS  per_IO  annum_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  of_IO  any_DD  furnished_JJ  dwelling-house_NN  or_CC  apartments_NNS  for_IO  any_DD  indefinite_JJ  term_NN  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  duplicate_NN  or_CC  counterpart_NN  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  instrument_NN  may_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  adhesive_JJ  stamp_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  schedule_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  also_RR  provides_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  payment_NN  of_IO  stamp_NN  duty_NN  on_IO  duplicates_NNS  and_CC  counterparts_NNS  of_IO  leases_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  liable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  duty_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  lease_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  duty_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  lease_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  exceed_VV0  five_MC  shillings_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  all_DB  other_DA  cases_NNS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  five-shilling_JB  stamp_NN  .  
  section_NN  15_MC  (_(  2_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  requires_VBZ  leases_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  stamped_VBN  within_IO  thirty_MC  days_NNS  of_IO  execution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  done_VBN  the_AT1  lessee_NN  is_VBZ  liable_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  fine_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  pounds_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  further_JB  penalty_NN  equivalent_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  stamp_NN  duty_NN  unless_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  excuse_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  delay_NN  in_IO  stamping_VBG  the_AT1  lease_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  of_IO  inland_JB  revenue_NN  mitigate_VV0  or_CC  remit_VV0  the_AT1  penalty_NN  .  
  this_DD1  penalty_NN  only_RR  applies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  leases_NNS  executed_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  May_NN1  ,_,  1888_MC  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  to_TO  stamp_VV0  a_AT1  lease_NN  or_CC  other_DA  document_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  invalidate_VV0  the_AT1  document_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  document_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  admissible_JJ  as_IO  evidence_NN  unless_CS  and_CC  until_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  properly_RR  stamped_VBN  and_CC  any_DD  penalty_NN  is_VBZ  paid_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .    registration_NN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  area_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  compulsory_JJ  registration_NN  of_IO  title_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  section_NN  123_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registration_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  ,_,  apply_VV0  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  section_NN  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tenant_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grant_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  assignment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  having_VHG  not_XX  less_DA  than_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  to_TO  run_VV0  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  registered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lessee_NN  or_CC  assignee_NN  must_VM  apply_VV0  for_IO  registration_NN  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  fails_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  deprived_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  legal_JJ  estate_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  compulsory_JJ  registration_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  areas_NNS  :_:    London_NP  ,_,  Eastbourne_NP  ,_,  Hastings_NP  ,_,  Middlesex_NP  ,_,  Croydon_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  Oxford_NP  ,_,  Oldham_NP  ,_,  Kent_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  .  
  a_AT1  tenant_NN  of_IO  land_NN  not_XX  situated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  compulsory_JJ  registration_NN  area_NN  may_VM  register_VV0  his_APP$  title_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  option_NN  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  holds_VBZ  a_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  more_DA  than_IO  twenty-one_MC1  years_NNS  remain_VV0  unexpired_JJ  ;_;  section_NN  8_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registration_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  .  
  registration_NN  of_IO  titles_NNS  in_IO  such_DA  areas_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  compulsory_JJ  .  
  registration_NN  of_IO  titles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  ridings_NNS  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  is_VBZ  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  registries_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1884_MC  .  
  registration_NN  under_IO  this_DD1  act_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  compulsory_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  section_NN  28_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  provides_VBZ  that_CS  leases_NNS  of_IO  property_NN  in_IO  Yorkshire_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  registered_VBN  unless_CS  the_AT1  lease_NN  is_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  term_NN  not_XX  exceeding_VBG  twenty-one_MC1  years_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  actual_JJ  possession_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  making_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lease_NN  .  
  failure_NN  to_TO  register_VV0  a_AT1  registrable_JJ  lease_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  invalidate_VV0  the_AT1  lease_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  registration_NN  constitutes_VBZ  notice_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  all_DB  persons_NNS  .  
  section_NN  31_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  establishes_VBZ  three_MC  deeds_NNS  registries_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  situated_VBN  at_IO  Northallerton_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Riding_NP  ,_,  at_IO  Beverley_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  Riding_NP  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  Wakefield_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  Riding_NP  .  
  section_NN  125_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registration_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  ,_,  provides_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  transfer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registry_NN  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Yorkshire_NP  deeds_NNS  registries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  order_NN  for_IO  compulsory_JJ  registration_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  registration_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  ,_,  being_VBG  made_VBN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  any_DD  part_NN  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  no_AT1  such_DA  order_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  .  
  appendix_NN  one_MC1  .  
  precedent_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lease_NN  .  
  this_DD1  lease_NN  made_VBN  the_AT1  .  day_NN  of_IO  .  between_IO  (_(  lessor_NN  )_)  of_IO  \0etc_RR  (_(  hereinafter_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1  landlord_NN  which_DDQ  expression_NN  where_CS the_AT1  context_NN  so_PN1  admits_VBZ  shall_VM  include_VV0  the_AT1  reversioner_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_NN  immediately_RR  expectant_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  hereby_RR  created_VBN  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  part_NN  and_CC  (_(  lessee_NN  )_)  of_IO  \0etc_RR  (_(  hereinafter_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1  tenant_NN  which_DDQ  expression_NN  where_CS the_AT1  context_NN  so_PN1  admits_VBZ  shall_VM  include_VV0  his_APP$  successors_NNS  in_IO  title_NN  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  part_NN  witnesseth_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  landlord_NN  demises_VBZ  unto_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  the_AT1  premises_NNS  described_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  schedule_NN  hereto_RR  (_(  hereinafter_RR  called_VBN  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  )_)  with_IO  the_AT1  exceptions_NNS  and_CC  reservations_NNS  specified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  schedule_NN  to_TO  hold_VV0  unto_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  .  day_NN  of_IO  .  for_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  of_IO  .  years_NNS  yielding_VBG  and_CC  paying_VBG  therefor_RR  the_AT1  net_JB  yearly_JJ  rent_NN  of_IO  *+_NNU  .  clear_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  deductions_NNS  except_IO  landlord's_NN1$  property_NN  tax_NN  and_CC  (_(  other_DA  agreed_JJ  deductions_NNS  )_)  by_IO  equal_JJ  quarterly_JJ  instalments_NNS  commencing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  .  day_NN  of_IO  .  and_CC  thenceforward_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  quarter_NN  days_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  tenant_NN  covenants_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  (_(  1_MC  )_)  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  reserved_JJ  rents_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  aforesaid_VBN  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  to_TO  pay_VV0  all_DB  existing_JJ  and_CC  future_JB  rates_NNS  taxes_NNS  duties_NNS  assessments_NNS  and_CC  outgoings_NNS  payable_JJ  by_IO  law_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  either_LE  by_IO  the_AT1  owner_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  occupier_NN  thereof_RR  .  (_(  3_MC  )_)  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  including_IO  the_AT1  drains_NNS  and_CC  sanitary_JJ  and_CC  water_NN  apparatus_NN  and_CC  all_DB  fixtures_NNS  and_CC  additions_NNS  thereto_RR  in_IO  tenantable_JJ  repair_NN  and_CC  condition_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  and_CC  to_TO  yield_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  same_DA  in_IO  such_DA  repair_NN  and_CC  condition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenancy_NN  .  (_(  4_MC  )_)  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  insured_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  against_IO  loss_NN  or_CC  damage_NN  by_IO  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  joint_JB  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  and_CC  tenant_NN  in_IO  some_DD  insurance_NN  office_NN  or_CC  with_IO  underwriters_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  named_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+_NNU  .  at_RR  least_RR  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  all_DB  payments_NNS  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  purposes_NNS  within_IO  seven_MC  days_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  shall_VM  respectively_RR  become_VV0  due_JJ  and_CC  to_TO  produce_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  or_CC  his_APP$  agent_NN  on_IO  demand_NN  the_AT1  several_DA  policies_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  insurances_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  receipt_NN  for_IO  each_DD1  such_DA  payment_NN  and_CC  to_TO  cause_VV0  all_DB  moneys_NNS  received_VBN  by_IO  virtue_NN  of_IO  any_DD  such_DA  insurance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  forthwith_RR  laid_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  rebuilding_VBG  and_CC  reinstating_VBG  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  any_DD  deficiency_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  moneys_NNS  provided_CS  always_RR  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  tenant_NN  shall_VM  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  fail_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  insured_VBN  as_CS  aforesaid_VBN  the_AT1  landlord_NN  may_VM  do_VD0  all_DB  things_NNS  necessary_JJ  to_TO  effect_VV0  or_CC  maintain_VV0  such_DA  insurance_NN  and_CC  any_DD  moneys_NNS  expended_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  that_DD1  purpose_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  repayable_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  on_IO  demand_NN  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  recovered_VBN  by_IO  action_NN  forthwith_RR  .  (_(  5_MC  )_)  not_XX  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  otherwise_RR  than_CS  as_IO  a_AT1  private_JJ  dwelling-house_NN  .  (_(  6_MC  )_)  not_XX  to_TO  assign_VV0  or_CC  underlet_VV0  or_CC  part_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  possession_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  or_CC  any_DD  part_NN  thereof_RR  without_IO  the_AT1  written_JJ  consent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  .  (_(  7_MC  )_)  to_TO  permit_VV0  the_AT1  landlord_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  agent_NN  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  workmen_NNS  to_TO  enter_VV0  upon_IO  and_CC  view_VV0  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  reasonable_JJ  times_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  term_NN  and_CC  forthwith_RR  to_TO  execute_VV0  all_DB  repairs_NNS  and_CC  works_NNS  required_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  by_IO  written_JJ  notice_NN  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  the_AT1  landlord_NN  hereby_RR  covenants_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  (_(  1_MC  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  tenant_NN  paying_VBG  the_AT1  rent_NN  hereby_RR  reserved_VBN  and_CC  performing_VBG  the_AT1  several_DA  covenants_NNS  herein_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  contained_VBN  shall_VM  peaceably_RR  hold_VV0  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  term_NN  without_IO  any_DD  interruption_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  or_CC  any_DD  person_NN  rightfully_RR  claiming_VBG  under_IO  or_CC  in_IO  trust_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  landlord_NN  will_VM  on_IO  the_AT1  written_JJ  request_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  made_VBN  .  months_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  hereby_RR  created_VBN  and_CC  if_CS  there_EX  shall_VM  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  such_DA  request_NN  be_VB0  any_DD  existing_JJ  breach_NN  or_CC  non-observance_NN  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  covenants_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  hereinbefore_RR  contained_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  grant_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  lease_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  term_NN  of_IO  .  years_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  term_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  rent_NN  and_CC  containing_VBG  the_AT1  like_JB  covenants_NNS  and_CC  provisos_NNS  as_CS  are_VBR  herein_RR  contained_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  covenant_NN  for_IO  renewal_NN  the_AT1  tenant_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  such_DA  renewed_JJ  lease_NN  to_TO  execute_VV0  a_AT1  counterpart_NN  thereof_RR  .  (_(  3_MC  )_)  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  tenant_NN  within_IO  .  years_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  commencement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  hereby_RR  created_VBN  shall_VM  give_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  .  months'_NN2  notice_NN  in_IO  writing_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  desires_VBZ  to_TO  purchase_VV0  the_AT1  reversion_NN  in_IO  fee_NN  simple_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  the_AT1  landlord_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  such_DA  notice_NN  and_CC  on_IO  payment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+_NNU  .  and_CC  of_IO  all_DB  arrears_NNS  of_IO  rent_NN  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  and_CC  of_IO  interest_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  sum_NN  of_IO  *+_NNU  .  at_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  *+_NNU  .  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  per_IO  annum_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  until_CS  payment_NN  thereof_RR  shall_VM  convey_VV0  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  tenant_NN  in_IO  fee_NN  simple_JJ  from_IO  incumbrances_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  provided_CS  always_RR  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hereby_RR  agreed_VBN  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  rents_NNS  hereby_RR  reserved_VBN  or_CC  any_DD  part_NN  thereof_RR  shall_VM  be_VB0  unpaid_JJ  for_IO  twenty-one_MC1  days_NNS  after_IO  becoming_VBG  payable_JJ  (_(  whether_CS  formally_RR  demanded_VBN  or_CC  not_XX  )_)  or_CC  if_CS  any_DD  covenant_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tenant's_NN1$  part_NN  herein_RR  contained_VBN  shall_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  performed_VBN  it_PPH1  shall_VM  be_VB0  lawful_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  thereafter_RR  to_TO  re-enter_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  demised_JJ  premises_NNS  or_CC  any_DD  part_NN  thereof_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  and_CC  thereupon_RR  this_DD1  demise_NN  shall_VM  absolutely_RR  determine_VV0  but_CCB  without_IO  prejudice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  action_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landlord_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  any_DD  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tenant's_NN1$  covenants_NNS  herein_RR  contained_VBN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  either_LE  party_NN  shall_VM  desire_VV0  to_TO  determine_VV0  the_AT1  present_JJ  demise_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  .  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  said_JJ  term_NN  and_CC  shall_VM  give_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  party_NN  .  months'_NN2  previous_JJ  notice_NN  in_IO  writing_NN  of_IO  such_DA  his_APP$  desire_NN  then_RL  immediately_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  such_DA  .  years_NNS  the_AT1  present_JJ  demise_NN  and_CC  everything_PN1  herein_RR  contained_VBN  shall_VM  cease_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  void_JJ  but_CCB  without_IO  prejudice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  remedies_NNS  of_IO  either_LE  party_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  any_DD  antecedent_JJ  claim_NN  or_CC  breach_NN  of_IO  covenant_NN  .  
  in_IO  cases_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  relevant_JJ  statutory_JJ  rule_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rule_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  from_IO  cases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  from_IO  a_AT1  statute_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unalterable_JJ  verbal_JJ  formulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  reduces_VBZ  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conventions_NNS  of_IO  language_NN  ,_,  and_CC  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  less_RG  natural_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO    interpretation_NN    ,_,  though_CS  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  courts_NNS  do_VD0  behave_VV0  just_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  with_IO  a_AT1  statute_NN  ,_,  when_CS ,_,  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  a_AT1  common_JJ  law_NN  rule_NN  has_VHZ  achieved_VBN  a_AT1  settled_JJ  formulation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  rather_RR  exceptional_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  consequence_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  problems_NNS  of_IO  applicability_NN  which_DDQ  arise_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  courts_NNS  about_IO  common_JJ  law_NN  rules_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  solved_VBN  by_IO  interpretation_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  by_IO  a_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  reasoning_VBG  which_DDQ  attaches_VBZ  particular_JJ  importance_NN  to_IO  linguistic_JJ  considerations_NNS    for_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  text_NN  to_TO  interpret_VV0  .  
  solved_VBN  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  reasoning_NN  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  that_CS  usually_RR  arguments_NNS  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  case_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  followed_VBN  or_CC  distinguished_VBN  do_VD0  not_XX  rest_VV0  primarily_RR  upon_IO  linguistic_JJ  grounds_NNS  ;_;  they_PPHS2  rest_VV0  rather_RR  upon_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  analogy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  upon_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  factual_JJ  similarity_NN  and_CC  difference_NN  between_IO  cases_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  just_RR  as_CS  difficulties_NNS  of_IO  interpretation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  difficulties_NNS  about_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  really_RR  difficulties_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  applicability_NN  of_IO  rules_NNS  to_IO  facts_NNS  ,_,  so_RR  also_RR  are_VBR  many_DA  difficulties_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  precedent_NN  .  
  thus_RR  even_CS  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  agreement_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  agreement_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  rule_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  extracted_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  there_EX  may_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  difficulty_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  task_NN  which_DDQ  confronts_VBZ  a_AT1  court_NN  in_IO  using_VBG  precedents_NNS    the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  whether_CS  the_AT1  rule_NN  does_VBZ  or_CC  does_VBZ  not_XX  fit_VV0  the_AT1  case_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  .  
  neither_LE  being_VBG  bound_VBN  by_IO  statute_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  being_VBG  bound_VBN  by_IO  cases_NNS  ,_,  absolves_VBZ  a_AT1  court_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  second_MD  task_NN  ;_;  indeed_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  when_CS a_AT1  person_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  court_NN  is_VBZ  to_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  or_CC  other_DA  bound_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  task_NN  becomes_VBZ  necessary_JJ  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  distinguishing_VBG  cases_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  consists_VBZ  in_IO  giving_VBG  reasons_NNS  why_CS a_AT1  rule_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  followed_VBN  or_CC  applied_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  often_RR  conceived_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  indication_NN  that_CS  courts_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX    really_RR    bound_VBN  ;_;  in_IO  truth_NN  ,_,  earlier_JJ  cases_NNS  are_VBR  distinguished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  distinguished_VBN  ,_,  just_RR  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  binding_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  followed_VBN  unless_CS  a_AT1  reason_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  for_IO  not_XX  following_VBG  them_PPHO1  ;_;  in_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  courts_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  interpret_VV0  statutes_NNS  just_RR  because_CS  statutes_NNS  are_VBR  binding_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  comparison_NN  between_IO  parliamentary_JJ  and_CC  judicial_JJ  legislation_NN  leads_VBZ  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  point_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  ask_VV0  in_IO  what_DDQ  way_NN  parliament_NN  exercised_VVD  its_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  formulate_VV0  a_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  legal_JJ  system_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  text_NN  which_DDQ  enables_VBZ  an_AT1  answer_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  given_VBN  without_IO  initial_JJ  difficulty_NN  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  rare_JJ  and_CC  anomalous_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  text_NN  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  root_NN  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulties_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  same_DA  question_NN  is_VBZ  asked_VBN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  legislation_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  natural_JJ  temptation_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  technique_NN  for_IO  determining_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  repair_VV0  the_AT1  initial_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  formal_JJ  text_NN  :_:  some_DD  formula_NN  such_IO  as_II    read_VV0  a_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  printer's_NN1$  copy_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  works_VBZ  well_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  some_DD  formula_NN  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  we_PPIS2  could_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  ;_;  after_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  whole_JJ  doctrine_NN  of_IO  precedent_NN  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  somehow_RR  absurd_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  precedent_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  able_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  case_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  may_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  solved_VBN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  realized_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  really_RR  two_MC  problems_NNS  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  defining_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  defining_VBG  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN    .  
  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  definition_NN  will_VM  indicate_VV0  what_DDQ  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  in_IO  his_APP$  case_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  determining_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  how_CS to_TO  look_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  odd_JJ  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  formulate_VV0  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  definition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN    ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN    ;_;  indeed_RR  ,_,  failure_NN  here_RL  would_VM  indicate_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  high_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  abandon_VV0  the_AT1  conception_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  quite_DA  another_DD1  matter_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  technique_NN  or_CC  one_MC1  set_NN  of_IO  rules_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  one_MC1  formula_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  will_VM  serve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  solution_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  determining_VBG  what_DDQ  precisely_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  case_NN  .  
  there_EX  may_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  many_DA  ways_NNS  of_IO  finding_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  ways_NNS  of_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  lost_JJ  cat_NN  ;_;  certainly_RR  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  seems_VBZ  as_RG  elusive_JJ  .  
  defining_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  .  
  in_IO  defining_VBG  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  seek_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  definition_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  serve_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  .    
  for_IO  purely_RR  legal_JJ  purposes_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  for_CS  granted_VBN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  look_VV0  in_IO  cases_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  or_CC  rules_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  or_CC  other_DA  .  
  furthermore_RR  the_AT1  term_NN  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  is_VBZ  normally_RR  used_VBN  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  binding_JJ  rule_NN  (_(  or_CC  rules_NNS  )_)  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  decided_JJ  cases_NNS    some_DD  rule_NN  which_DDQ  a_AT1  later_JJ  court_NN  (_(  appropriately_RR  placed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hierarchy_NN  )_)  can_VM  not_XX  generally_RR  question_VV0  .  
  bearing_VBG  all_DB  this_DD1  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  possible_JJ  defining_JJ  technique_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  elucidate_VV0  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  binding_JJ  rules_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  tell_VV0  our_APP$  questioner_NN  to_TO  seek_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  (_(  or_CC  rules_NNS  )_)  made_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  ambit_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  power_NN    such_DA  a_AT1  rule_NN  (_(  or_CC  rules_NNS  )_)  will_VM  constitute_VV0  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  this_DD1  method_NN  of_IO  definition_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  advantage_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  closely_RR  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  has_VHZ  been_VBN  developed_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  only_RR  serves_VBZ  to_TO  point_VV0  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  rule-making_NN  of_IO  judges_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  intra_RR  vires_RR  a_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  binding_JJ  rules_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rule-making_NN  of_IO  judges_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ultra_RR  vires_RR  this_DD1  power_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  the_AT1  method_NN  suggested_VBN  closely_RR  resembles_VBZ  the_AT1  normal_JJ  defining_JJ  technique_NN  adopted_VBN  to_TO  isolate_VV0  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  other_DA  law-making_JJ  activities_NNS    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  acts_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  .  
  and_CC  finally_RR  it_PPH1  leads_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  orthodox_JJ  and_CC  unstartling_JJ  result_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  a_AT1  novel_JJ  technique_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  bounds_NNS  upon_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  rule-making_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  vested_VBN  in_IO  judges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  limitation_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  which_DDQ  denies_VBZ  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  binding_JJ  rules_NNS  except_CS  when_CS those_DD2  rules_NNS  are_VBR  relevant_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  actual_JJ  litigation_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  empowered_VBN  to_TO  sit_VV0  .  
  historically_RR  this_DD1  limitation_NN  dates_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  became_VVD  recognized_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  court_NN  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  give_VV0  official_JJ  opinions_NNS  upon_IO  hypothetical_JJ  problems_NNS    a_AT1  convention_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  become_VBN  refined_VBN  and_CC  elaborated_VBN  since_IO  then_RL  .  
  as_CS  this_DD1  convention_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  corollary_NN  develops_VBZ  ;_;  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  principle_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  enunciations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  which_DDQ  have_VH0  in_IO  fact_NN  been_VBN  delivered_VBN  by_IO  judges_NNS    either_LE  accidentally_RR  or_CC  deliberately_RR    upon_IO  hypothetical_JJ  issues_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  obiter_&FW  dicta_&FW  grows_VBZ  up_RP  ;_;  obiter_&FW  dicta_&FW  are_VBR  in_IO  some_DD  sense_NN  ultra_RR  vires_JJ"  enunciations_NNS  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  the_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  such_DA  dicta_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  elusive_JJ  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  is_VBZ  in_IO  essence_NN  a_AT1  distinction_NN  between_IO  relevance_NN  and_CC  irrelevance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  elucidating_VBG  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  arises_VBZ  from_IO  attempts_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  precise_JJ  meaning_NN  to_IO  relevance_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  .  
  without_IO  some_DD  criterion_NN  of_IO  relevance_NN  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  rule-making_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  limit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  wedded_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  conception_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  law_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  naturally_RR  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  state_VV0  with_IO  precision_NN  where_CS the_AT1  limit_NN  lies_VBZ  .  
  limitations_NNS  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule-making_NN  power_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  formal_JJ  or_CC  substantial_JJ  ;_;  they_PPHS2  may_VM  restrict_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  rules_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  may_VM  restrict_VV0  what_DDQ  rules_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  vested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  judges_NNS  is_VBZ  subject_JJ  to_IO  both_DB2  kinds_NNS  of_IO  limitation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  seems_VBZ  to_TO  embody_VV0  only_RR  a_AT1  formal_JJ  limitation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  rule_NN  (_(  or_CC  rules_NNS  )_)  acted_VBN  upon_IO  in_IO  court_NN  can_VM  rank_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  binding_JJ  rule_NN  .  
  once_CS  this_DD1  primary_JJ  condition_NN  is_VBZ  satisfied_VBN  the_AT1  rule_NN  will_VM  so_RR  rank_VV0  ,_,  unless_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  exceptions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  doctrine_NN  of_IO  precedent_NN  apply_VV0    for_IO  example_NN  the_AT1  per_&FW  incuriam_&FW  rule_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rule_NN  becomes_VBZ  binding_JJ  ,_,  subject_JJ  to_IO  exceptions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rule_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  acted_VBN  upon_IO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  hallmark_NN  of_IO  relevance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  may_VM  no_AT1  doubt_NN  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  different_JJ  ways_NNS  ;_;  thus_RR  we_PPIS2  talk_VV0  of_IO    the_AT1  rule_NN  applied_VBN    ,_,    the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN    ,_,    the_AT1  grounds_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  decision_NN  rested_VVD    ,_,    the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  decision_NN    ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  particular_JJ  advantage_NN  in_IO  adopting_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  formulations_NNS  rather_RR  than_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  but_II  variations_NNS  upon_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  theme_NN  .  
  all_DB  state_VV0  the_AT1  primary_JJ  formal_JJ  limitation_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  another_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  all_DB  state_VV0  the_AT1  manner_NN  and_CC  form_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  power_NN  is_VBZ  exercised_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  thus_RR  serve_VV0  as_IO  definitions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  law_NN  under_IO  discussion_NN    the_AT1  rationes_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  cases_NNS    in_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  similar_JJ    manner_NN  and_CC  form_NN    statements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  power_NN  serve_VV0  to_TO  define_VV0  what_DDQ  a_AT1  statute_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  however_CS we_PPIS2  define_VV0  the_AT1  ratio_&FW  decidendi_&FW  of_IO  a_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  encounter_VV0  difficulties_NNS  in_IO  applying_VBG  our_APP$  definition_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  much_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  those_DD2  which_DDQ  accompany_VV0  parliamentary_JJ  law-making_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rule-making_NN  procedure_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  operates_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  text_NN    a_AT1  definite_JJ  and_CC  settled_JJ  verbal_JJ  formulation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  or_CC  body_NN  of_IO  rules_NNS    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  rules_NNS  so_RR  drafted_VBN  that_CS  legal_JJ  validity_NN  is_VBZ  attached_VBN  .  
  with_IO  case_NN  law_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  different_JJ  ;_;  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  require_VV0  the_AT1  courts_NNS  to_TO  draft_VV0  the_AT1  rules_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  act_VV0  .  
  even_RR  where_CS a_AT1  judge_NN  does_VBZ  take_VV0  some_DD  peculiar_JJ  care_NN  to_TO  formulate_VV0  a_AT1  rule_NN  accurately_RR  and_CC  precisely_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  usually_RR  treat_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  formulation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  section_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  statute_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  prerogative_NN  of_IO  judges_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  confer_VV0  binding_JJ  force_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  by_IO  formulating_VBG  it_PPH1  and_CC  submitting_VBG  the_AT1  formulated_JJ  rule_NN  to_IO  some_DD  procedure_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  to_TO  decide_VV0  cases_NNS  by_IO  acting_VBG  upon_IO  rules_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  settling_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  the_AT1  verbal_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  minimum_NN  required_VBN  before_CS  a_AT1  judge_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  to_TO  act_VV0  upon_IO  a_AT1  legal_JJ  rule_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS    (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  rule_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  decides_VBZ  to_TO  act_VV0  .    this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  in_IO  mind_NN  a_AT1  precise_JJ  formulation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  person_NN  may_VM  act_VV0  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  without_IO  thinking_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  draft_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  .    (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  decide_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  rule_NN  is_VBZ  applicable_JJ    that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  should_VM  decide_VV0  that_CS  some_DD  fact_NN  or_CC  set_NN  of_IO  facts_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  subsumed_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  will_VM  involve_VV0  a_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  classification_NN  .    (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  deliberately_RR  so_RR  conduct_VV0  himself_PPX1  that_CS  his_APP$  conduct_NN  conforms_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  conduct_NN  prescribed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  .  
  in_IO  everyday_JB  life_NN  this_DD1  acting_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  quite_DA  a_AT1  casual_JJ  process_NN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  process_NN  the_AT1  convention_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  judge_NN  should_VM    show_VV0  his_APP$  working_NN    ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  produces_VBZ  a_AT1  reflective_JJ    acting_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN    not_XX  so_RG  often_RR  met_VBN  with_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  and_CC  other_DA  special_JJ  fields_NNS  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  this_DD1  reflective_JJ    acting_NN  upon_IO  rules_NNS    which_DDQ  is_VBZ  characteristic_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  judicial_JJ  process_NN  goes_VBZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  courts_NNS  have_VH0  adopted_VBN  of_IO  justifying_VBG  the_AT1  action_NN  taken_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  opinion_NN  delivered_VBN  openly_RR  in_IO  court_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  opinion_NN  provides_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  possible_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  upon_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  court_NN  did_VDD  act_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  acted_VVD  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  assert_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  psychological_JJ  motivation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  action_NN  .  
  recognition_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  has_VHZ  wide_JJ  implications_NNS  in_IO  legal_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  person_NN  may_VM  act_VV0  upon_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  notwithstanding_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  himself_PPX1  be_VB0  the_AT1  originator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  as_CS  will_VM  sometimes_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  judicial_JJ  decisions_NNS  .  
  trustee_NN  investments_NNS  act_NN  ,_,  1961_MC  .  
  this_DD1  act_NN  received_VVD  the_AT1  royal_JJ  assent_NN  on_IO  August_NN1  3_MC  ,_,  1961_MC  ,_,  and_CC  came_VVD  into_IO  force_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  .  
  trustees_NNS  can_VM  invest_VV0  their_APP$  trust_NN  funds_NNS  only_RR  in_IO  investments_NNS  authorised_VBN  either_LE  by_IO  the_AT1  express_JB  terms_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  trust_NN  instrument_NN  or_CC  by_IO  statute_NN  .  
  before_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  act_NN  the_AT1  investments_NNS  authorised_VBN  by_IO  statute_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  include_VV0  any_DD    equities_NNS    and_CC  were_VBDR  a_AT1  limited_JJ  range_NN  prescribed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  England_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  trustee_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  Scotland_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  trusts_NNS  (_(  Scotland_NP  )_)  act_NN  ,_,  1921_MC  ,_,  with_IO  subsequent_JJ  statutory_JJ  extensions_NNS  .  
  generally_RR  speaking_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  trustee_NN  list_NN  was_VBDZ  restricted_VBN  to_IO  stocks_NNS  issued_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  governments_NNS  of_IO  commonwealth_NN  countries_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  colonies_NNS  ,_,  stocks_NNS  guaranteed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  stocks_NNS  and_CC  mortgages_NNS  issued_VBN  by_IO  British_JJ  local_JJ  authorities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  mortgages_NNS  of_IO  land_NN  in_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  investments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  earn_VV0  interest_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  rate_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  certain_JJ  notable_JJ  exceptions_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  eventually_RR  repayable_JJ  at_IO  par_NN  .  
  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  serious_JJ  disadvantages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  list_NN  .  
  the_AT1  immediately_RR  realisable_JJ  market_NN  values_NNS  of_IO  investments_NNS  eventually_RR  repayable_JJ  at_IO  par_NN  have_VH0  fluctuated_VBN  widely_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  variations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  prevailing_JJ  rates_NNS  of_IO  interest_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    undated_JJ    stocks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  ,_,  market_NN  values_NNS  have_VH0  declined_VBN  very_RG  seriously_RR  .  
  eventual_JJ  repayment_NN  of_IO  invested_JJ  capital_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  nominal_JJ  par_NN  value_NN  takes_VBZ  no_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  inflation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  represents_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  real_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  capital_NN  loss_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  trust_NN  fund_NN  established_VBN  twenty_MC  or_CC  more_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  with_IO  investments_NNS  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  annual_JJ  trust_NN  income_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  nominally_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  today_NN1  as_CS  when_CS the_AT1  trust_NN  began_VVD  ,_,  although_CS  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  income_NN  will_VM  buy_VV0  far_RR  less_DA  than_CS  when_CS the_AT1  trust_NN  began_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  life_NN  tenant_NN  depending_VBG  for_IO  his_APP$  income_NN  and_CC  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  on_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  trust_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  worse_RRR  off_RP  today_NN1  than_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  real_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  capital_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  disastrously_RR  less_DA  than_CS  when_CS the_AT1  trust_NN  began_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  case_NN  history_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  unhappily_RR  ,_,  not_XX  unusual_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  trustee_NN  list_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  had_VHN  two_MC  objects_NNS  :_:  first_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  trustees_NNS  ;_;  secondly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beneficiaries_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  ensuring_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  trust_NN  capital_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  steady_JJ  yield_NN  of_IO  income_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  object_NN  has_VHZ  always_RR  been_VBN  successfully_RR  achieved_VBN  .  
  trustees_NNS  who_PNQS invested_VVD  within_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  permitted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  were_VBDR  reasonably_RR  safe_JJ  from_IO  legal_JJ  attack_NN  by_IO  disgruntled_JJ  beneficiaries_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  act_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  object_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  always_RR  somewhat_RR  out_RP  of_IO  date_NN  )_)  provided_CS  no_AT1    hedge_NN    against_IO  inflation_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  protection_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  continuous_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  *+_NNU  .  
  experience_NN  of_IO  investment_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  offered_VVD  a_AT1  sad_JJ  contrast_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  profitable_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  able_JJ  to_TO  invest_VV0  in_IO  equities_NNS  .  
  for_IO  years_NNS  most_DA  lawyers_NNS  have_VH0  advised_VBN  settlors_NNS  and_CC  testators_NNS  to_TO  confer_VV0  on_IO  their_APP$  trustees_NNS  much_RR  wider_JJ  investment_NN  powers_NNS  than_IO  those_DD2  permitted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  debate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  reading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trustee_NN  investments_NNS  bill_NN  a_AT1  peer_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  solicitor_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  experience_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  some_DD  forty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  practice_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  point_NN  always_RR  to_TO  advise_VV0  that_CS  settlors_NNS  and_CC  testators_NNS  should_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  widest_JJT  possible_JJ  discretion_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  trustees_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  the_AT1  powers_NNS  contained_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  trustee_NN  act_NN  were_VBDR  far_RR  too_RG  limited_JJ  .    
  naturally_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  the_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  reform_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  has_VHZ  grown_VBN  and_CC  has_VHZ  commanded_VBN  some_DD  powerful_JJ  supporters_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1952_MC  the_AT1  report_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  (_(  Nathan_NP  )_)  committee_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  and_CC  practice_NN  relating_NN  to_IO  charitable_JJ  trusts_NNS  advocated_VVD  reform_NN  .  
  in_IO  1955_MC  a_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  on_IO  government_NN  policy_NN  on_IO  charitable_JJ  trusts_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  intention_NN  to_TO  propose_VV0  a_AT1  general_JJ  reform_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  .  
  charities_NNS  were_VBDR  already_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  a_AT1  general_JJ  extension_NN  of_IO  investment_NN  powers_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  particularly_RR  after_CS  a_AT1  decision_NN  in_IO  1955_MC  drew_VVD  professional_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  charities_NNS  obtained_VVD  wide_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  shares_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  companies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1958_MC  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  trusts_NNS  act_NN  permitted_VVD  applications_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  for_IO  (_(  inter_RR  alia_RR  )_)  extended_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  investment_NN  ;_;  and_CC  applications_NNS  under_IO  that_DD1  act_NN  were_VBDR  soon_RR  very_RG  widely_RR  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  power_NN  to_TO  invest_VV0  in_IO  equities_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  applications_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  cost_VVD  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  power_NN  conferred_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  1958_MC  act_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  substitute_NN  for_IO  general_JJ  reform_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  list_NN  .  
  on_IO  May_NN1  13_MC  ,_,  1959_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  statement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  promised_VVD  early_JJ  legislation_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  December_NN1  1959_MC  a_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  was_VBDZ  published_VBN  setting_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  proposals_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  minor_JJ  changes_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  embodied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  introduced_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  in_IO  November_NN1  1960_MC  .  
  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  publication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bill_NN  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  time_NN  for_IO  interested_JJ  persons_NNS  and_CC  bodies_NNS  to_TO  consider_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  make_VV0  representations_NNS  about_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  government's_NN1$  proposals_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  wasted_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  period_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RG  useful_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  paper_NN  had_VHD  included_VBN  a_AT1  draft_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  intended_JJ  bill_NN  .  
  this_DD1  bill_NN  ,_,  when_CS published_VBN  ,_,  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  quite_RR  complicated_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  soon_RR  received_VVD  anxious_JJ  scrutiny_NN  from_IO  professional_JJ  bodies_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  law_NN  society_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  simplifying_JJ  amendments_NNS  were_VBDR  debated_VBN  at_RR  length_RR  when_CS the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  was_VBDZ  considering_VBG  the_AT1  bill_NN  in_IO  committee_NN  .  
  the_AT1  act_NN  replaces_VBZ  the_AT1  former_DA  statutory_JJ  trustee_NN  list_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  list_NN  ,_,  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  schedule_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  three_MC  parts_NNS  .  
  parts_NNS  1_MC  and_CC  2_MC  list_VV0  the_AT1    narrower-range_JJ    investments_NNS  .  
  part_NN  3_MC  lists_VBZ  the_AT1    wider-range_JJ    investments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  comprises_NNS  mainly_RR  fixed-interest_JB  investments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  statutory_JJ  list_NN  with_IO  some_DD  changes_NNS  and_CC  additions_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  additions_NNS  include_VV0  fixed-interest_JB  securities_NNS  issued_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  bank_NN  for_IO  reconstruction_NN  and_CC  development_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  debentures_NNS  (_(  not_XX  being_VBG  convertible_JJ  debentures_NNS  )_)  of_IO  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  companies_NNS  that_PNQS comply_VV0  with_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  deposits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  and_CC  special_JJ  investment_NN  departments_NNS  of_IO  trustee_NN  savings_NNS  banks_NNS  .  
  commonwealth_NN  government_NN  stocks_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  governments_NNS  concerned_VBN  having_VHG  to_TO  comply_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  laid_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  colonial_JJ  stock_NN  acts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  part_NN  1_MC  and_CC  part_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  trustees_NNS  may_VM  invest_VV0  in_IO  part_NN  1_MC  without_IO  first_RR  obtaining_VBG  advice_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  an_AT1  investment_NN  in_IO  part_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  without_IO  obtaining_VBG  and_CC  considering_VBG  proper_JJ  advice_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  suitability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  investment_NN  .  
  part_NN  1_MC  is_VBZ  very_RG  simple_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  includes_VBZ  defence_NN  bonds_NNS  ,_,  national_JJ  savings_NNS  certificates_NNS  and_CC  Ulster_NP  savings_NNS  certificates_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  deposits_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  savings_NNS  bank_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  departments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  trustee_NN  savings_NNS  bank_NN  and_CC  in_IO  savings_NNS  banks_NNS  certified_VBN  under_IO  section_NN  9_MC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  finance_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1956_MC  .  
  deposits_NNS  with_IO  designated_JJ  building_NN  societies_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  part_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  puzzling_JJ  that_CS  trustees_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  such_DA  deposits_NNS  without_IO  obtaining_VBG  expert_JJ  ,_,  written_JJ  advice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  interest_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  attaches_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  wider-range_NN  .  
  this_DD1  includes_VBZ  the_AT1  shares_NNS  ,_,  stock_NN  and_CC  convertible_JJ  debentures_NNS  of_IO  United_NP  Kingdom_NNL1  companies_NNS  that_PNQS comply_VV0  with_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  shares_NNS  of_IO  designated_JJ  building_NN  societies_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  units_NNS  of_IO  authorised_JJ  unit_NN  trusts_NNS  (_(  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  authorised_VBN  by_IO  order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  of_IO  trade_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  fraud_NN  (_(  investments_NNS  )_)  act_NN  ,_,  1958_MC  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  commerce_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  prevention_NN  of_IO  fraud_NN  (_(  investments_NNS  )_)  act_NN  (_(  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  )_)  ,_,  1940_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1    equities_NNS    (_(  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  ordinary_JJ  shares_NNS  and_CC  stock_NN  )_)  and_CC  other_DA  securities_NNS  of_IO  \0U.K_NP  companies_NNS  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  particular_JJ  company_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  total_NN  issued_JJ  and_CC  paid-up_JJ  share_NN  capital_NN  of_IO  at_RR  least_RR  *+1_NNU  million_MC  and_CC  has_VHZ  paid_VBN  dividends_NNS  on_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  issued_JJ  shares_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  five_MC  years_NNS  preceding_VBG  the_AT1  year_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  investment_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  part_NN  2_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_NN  ,_,  investments_NNS  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  unless_CS  the_AT1  trustees_NNS  obtain_VV0  and_CC  consider_VV0  written_JJ  expert_JJ  advice_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  investments_NNS  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  trustees_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  make_VV0  or_CC  retain_VV0  investments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  unless_CS  their_APP$  trust_NN  fund_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  divided_VBN  into_IO  two_MC  parts_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  once-for-all_JB  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  fund_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  (_(  and_CC  controversial_JJ  )_)  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  statutory_JJ  scheme_NN  for_IO  permitting_VBG  wider-range_JJ  investments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  division_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  into_IO  two_MC  equal_JJ  parts_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  power_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  ,_,  by_IO  statutory_JJ  instrument_NN  ,_,  to_TO  order_VV0  that_CS  division_NN  shall_VM  be_VB0  into_IO  unequal_JJ  parts_NNS  (_(  provided_CS  that_CS  such_DA  an_AT1  order_NN  shall_VM  not_XX  authorise_VV0  a_AT1  division_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  narrower-range_JJ  part_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  one-quarter_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  division_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  division_NN  ,_,  once_CS  made_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  permanent_JJ  .  
  thereafter_RR  ,_,  funds_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  narrower-range_JJ  part_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  invested_VBN  in_IO  narrower-range_JJ  investments_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  funds_NNS  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_JJ  part_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  invested_VBN  in_IO  wider-range_JJ  or_CC  narrower-range_JJ  investments_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  essential_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_JJ  part_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  invested_VBN  immediately_RR  in_IO  wider-range_JJ  investments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  discretion_NN  to_TO  invest_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  is_VBZ  available_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_JJ  part_NN  .  
  if_CS  property_NN  is_VBZ  transferred_VBN  from_IO  one_MC1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  divided_JJ  fund_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1    compensating_JJ  transfer_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  where_CS any_DD  property_NN  accrues_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  trust_NN  fund_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  divided_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  accruing_JJ  property_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  otherwise_RR  obviously_RR  attributable_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  particular_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  accruing_JJ  property_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  divided_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  each_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  in_IO  value_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  amount_NN  .  
  where_CS capital_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  fund_NN  (_(  as_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  power_NN  of_IO  advancement_NN  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  trustees_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  required_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  equally_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  divided_JJ  fund_NN  :_:  the_AT1  act_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  fetter_VV0  their_APP$  discretion_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  property_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  statutory_JJ  powers_NNS  of_IO  investment_NN  are_VBR  additional_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  special_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  those_DD2  conferred_VBN  expressly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  will_NN  or_CC  settlement_NN  .  
  any_DD  property_NN  (_(  not_XX  including_IO  statutory_JJ  narrower-range_JJ  investments_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  including_VBG  statutory_JJ  wider-range_JJ  investments_NNS  )_)  which_DDQ  trustees_NNS  are_VBR  authorised_VBN  to_TO  hold_VV0  pursuant_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  special_JJ  powers_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ    special-range_JB    part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  a_AT1  single_JJ  fund_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  divided_VBN  into_IO  three_MC  parts_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  special-range_JB  part_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wider-range_JJ  part_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  narrower-range_JJ  part_NN  .  
  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  into_IO  two_MC  parts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  maintenance_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  division_NN  will_VM  require_VV0  very_RG  careful_JJ  administration_NN  and_CC  records_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  even_RR  greater_JJ  care_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  where_CS the_AT1  division_NN  is_VBZ  into_IO  three_MC  parts_NNS  .  
  will_VM  ordinary_JJ  private_JJ  trustees_NNS  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  administration_NN  and_CC  keep_VV0  satisfactory_JJ  records_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  trust_NN  funds_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  constant_JJ  professional_JJ  assistance_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  regarded_VBN  as_CS  extravagant_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  additional_JJ  work_NN  will_VM  present_VV0  no_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  relatively_RR  small_JJ  trust_NN  fund_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  trouble_NN  and_CC  expense_NN  may_VM  perhaps_RR  be_VB0  too_RG  great_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  trustees_NNS  may_VM  therefore_RR  decide_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  operate_VV0  the_AT1  statutory_JJ  scheme_NN  for_IO  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  undue_JJ  complexity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  administration_NN  of_IO  relatively_RR  small_JJ  trust_NN  funds_NNS  led_VVD  the_AT1  law_NN  society_NN  to_TO  advocate_VV0  a_AT1  scheme_NN  permitting_VBG  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  once-for-all_JB  division_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fund_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  advocacy_NN  was_VBDZ  unsuccessful_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  complexity_NN  remains_VBZ  ;_;  and_CC  time_NN  will_VM  show_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  extent_NN  ,_,  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  trustees_NNS  of_IO  small_JJ  trust_NN  funds_NNS  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  power_NN  to_TO  invest_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  wider-range_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  provisions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  call_VV0  for_IO  extended_JJ  comment_NN  .  
  section_NN  6_MC  (_(  1_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  in_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  attempts_VBZ  a_AT1  statutory_JJ  definition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  trustee's_NN1$  duty_NN  in_IO  choosing_VBG  investments_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  regard_NN      (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  diversification_NN  of_IO  investments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  is_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  ;_;  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  suitability_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  trust_NN  of_IO  investments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  description_NN  of_IO  investment_NN  proposed_VBN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  investment_NN  proposed_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  investment_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  description_NN  .    
  the_AT1  new_JJ  powers_NNS  apply_VV0  to_IO  persons_NNS  and_CC  bodies_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  being_VBG  trustees_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  trustee_NN  investment_NN  powers_NNS  .  
  section_NN  9_MC  (_(  1_MC  )_)  amends_VBZ  section_NN  10_MC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  trustee_NN  act_NN  ,_,  1925_MC  to_TO  remove_VV0  a_AT1  defect_NN  (_(  disclosed_VBN  in_IO  re_IO  Walker's_PPIO2  settlement_NN  )_)  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  occasionally_RR  caused_VBN  trouble_NN  where_CS trustees_NNS  hold_VV0  shares_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  company_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    take-over_NN    bid_NN  .  
  granted_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  events_NNS  at_IO  A_ZZ1  after_IO  E*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  before_IO  E*;2**;_&FO  are_VBR  in_IO  an_AT1  empirically_RR  undetermined_JJ  order_NN  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  event_NN  e*;b**;_&FO  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  must_VM  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  Robb's_PPIO2  contention_NN  that_CS  Einstein_NP  was_VBDZ  mistaken_VBN  in_IO  allowing_VBG  A_ZZ1  to_TO  assign_VV0  a_AT1  theoretical_JJ  epoch_NN  to_IO  e*;b**;_&FO  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  reject_VV0  the_AT1  classical_JJ  doctrine_NN  of_IO  time_NN  which_DDQ  stipulates_VBZ  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  unique_JJ  event_NN  at_IO  A_ZZ1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  simultaneous_JJ  with_IO  e*;b**;_&FO  ,_,  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  follow_VV0  that_CS  Einstein_NP  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  ascribed_VBN  a_AT1  definite_JJ  conventional_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  time-relations_NNS  (_(  earlier_RRR  than_IO  ,_,  simultaneous_JJ  with_IO  ,_,  and_CC  later_RRR  than_IO  )_)  between_IO  e*;b**;_&FO  and_CC  all_DB  events_NNS  at_IO  A_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  convention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  theories_NNS  is_VBZ  descriptive_JJ  simplicity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  that_CS  Einstein's_PPIO2  special_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  is_VBZ  simpler_JJ  than_IO  Robb's_PPIO2  alternative_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  all_DB  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  Einstein's_PPIO2  conventional_JJ  rule_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  A_ZZ1  assigns_VBZ  a_AT1  theoretical_JJ  epoch_NN  to_IO  e*;b**;_&FO  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1    mere_JB    convention_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  wholly_RR  arbitrary_JJ  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  convention_NN  in_CS  so_CS  far_CS  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  freely_RR  chosen_VBN  and_CC  not_XX  imposed_VBN  upon_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  isolated_VBN  uniquely_RR  from_IO  other_DA  admissible_JJ  rules_NNS  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  axioms_NNS  stated_VBN  above_II  .  
  with_IO  all_DB  due_JJ  respect_NN  to_IO  Robb_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  essential_JJ  question_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  conceptual_JJ  legitimacy_NN  of_IO  Einstein's_PPIO2  convention_NN  but_CCB  its_APP$  practical_JJ  scope_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  physical_JJ  contexts_NNS  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  most_RG  usefully_RR  applied_VBN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  correlation_NN  of_IO  time-perspectives_NNS  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  considered_VBN  only_RR  a_AT1  single_JJ  observer_NN  A_ZZ1  .  
  unlike_IO  Frank_NP  and_CC  Rothe_NP  ,_,  Whitehead_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  who_PNQS sought_VVD  to_TO  deduce_VV0  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  finite_JJ  universal_JJ  velocity_NN  from_IO  more_RG  primitive_JJ  postulates_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  found_VBN  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  correlation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  space_NN  and_CC  time_NN  coordinates_NNS  assigned_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  event_NN  by_IO  different_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  although_CS  this_DD1  presented_VVD  no_AT1  special_JJ  difficulty_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  classical_JJ  Newtonian_JJ  physicist_NN  who_PNQS believed_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  world-wide_JJ  simultaneity_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  physical_JJ  space_NN  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  laws_NNS  of_IO  Euclidean_JJ  geometry_NN  ,_,  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  these_DD2  assumptions_NNS  were_VBDR  abandoned_VBN  the_AT1  problem_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  re-examined_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  generally_RR  recognized_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  satisfactory_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  solution_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  first_RR  the_AT1  correlation_NN  of_IO  two_MC  observers'_NN2  clocks_NNS  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  same_DA  experiment_NN  in_IO  light-signalling_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  introduced_VVD  above_II  (_(  \0pp_NNU2  186-7_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  there_EX  we_PPIS2  considered_VVD  the_AT1  assignment_NN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  of_IO  times_NNS  to_IO  events_NNS  occurring_VBG  at_IO  B_ZZ1  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  Einstein's_PPIO2  solution_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  his_APP$  postulate_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  velocity_NN  of_IO  light_NN  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  universal_JJ  constant_NN  ,_,  independent_JJ  of_IO  position_NN  and_CC  direction_NN  of_IO  propagation_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  now_RL  consider_VV0  the_AT1  correlation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  theoretical_JJ  time_NN  assigned_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  to_IO  an_AT1  event_NN  at_IO  B_ZZ1  with_IO  the_AT1  empirical_JJ  epoch_NN  t*?7_ZZ1  which_DDQ  would_VM  actually_RR  be_VB0  recorded_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  clock_NN  placed_VBN  at_IO  B_ZZ1  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN  precise_JJ  we_PPIS2  postulate_VV0  that_CS  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  now_RL  an_AT1  observer_NN    similar_JJ    to_IO  A_ZZ1  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  B_ZZ1  carries_VBZ  a_AT1  clock_NN    similar_JJ    to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  carried_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  if_CS  A_ZZ1  carries_VBZ  a_AT1  particular_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  atomic_JJ  or_CC  molecular_JJ  clock_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  assume_VV0  that_CS  B_ZZ1  carries_VBZ  another_DD1  clock_NN  of_IO  identical_JJ  construction_NN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  clock_NN  ,_,  B_ZZ1  can_VM  partake_VV0  in_IO  A's_NN1$  light-signalling_NN  experiment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  signals_NNS  being_VBG  instantaneously_RR  reflected_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  either_LE  observer_NN  on_IO  arrival_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  as_CS  indicated_VBN  in_IO  figure_NN  7_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  are_VBR  associated_VBN  with_IO  inertial_JJ  frames_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  either_LE  at_IO  relative_JJ  rest_NN  or_CC  in_IO  uniform_JJ  relative_JJ  motion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  was_VBDZ  formulated_VBN  by_IO  Poincare*?2_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  lecture_NN  at_IO  Saint_NNSB1  Louis_NP  ,_,  \0U.S.A_NP  in_IO  September_NN1  1904_MC  .  
  according_IO  to_II  his_APP$  statement_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  laws_NNS  of_IO  physical_JJ  phenomena_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  for_IO  a_AT1    fixed_JJ    observer_NN  as_CS  for_IO  an_AT1  observer_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  motion_NN  of_IO  translation_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  :_:  so_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  have_VH0  ,_,  any_DD  means_NN  of_IO  discerning_VBG  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  ,_,  or_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  ,_,  carried_VVD  along_RP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  motion_NN    .  
  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  ,_,  and_CC  independently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  principle_NN  was_VBDZ  enunciated_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  much_RR  more_RG  explicit_JJ  form_NN  by_IO  Einstein_NP  :_:    the_AT1  same_DA  laws_NNS  of_IO  electrodynamics_NN  and_CC  optics_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  valid_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  frames_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  equations_NNS  of_IO  mechanics_NN  hold_VV0  good_JJ    .  
  this_DD1  principle_NN  presupposes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  observers_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  such_DA  frames_NNS  of_IO  reference_NN  employ_VV0  similar_JJ  measuring_NN  instruments_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  clocks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  metrical_JJ  rules_NNS  and_CC  definitions_NNS  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  if_CS  A_ZZ1  assigns_VBZ  a_AT1  universal_JJ  value_NN  c_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  light_NN  ,_,  then_RL  B_ZZ1  must_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customary_JJ  when_CS considering_VBG  the_AT1  correlation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clocks_NNS  and_CC  time-perspectives_NNS  of_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  in_IO  Einstein's_PPIO2  special_JJ  theory_NN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  uniform_JJ  relative_JJ  motion_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  importance_NN  for_IO  establishing_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  results_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  chapter_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  begin_VV0  by_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  at_IO  relative_JJ  rest_NN  .  
  if_CS  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  have_VH0  similarly_RR  graduated_VBN  clocks_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  possible_JJ  adjustment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  additive_JJ  constant_JJ  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  zero-time_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  clock_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  kinematics_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  following_NN  :_:  
  axiom_NN  10_MC  .  
  principle_NN  of_IO  kinematic_JJ  symmetry_NN  :_:  t*;2**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  function_NN  of_IO  t*?7_ZZ1  as_CS  t*?7_ZZ1  is_VBZ  of_IO  t*;1**;_&FO  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  functional_JJ  relations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  function_NN  th_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  will_VM  call_VV0  the_AT1  signal_NN  function_NN  correlating_VBG  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  since_CS  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  distance_NN  from_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  the_AT1  light-signals_NNS  travel_VV0  with_IO  constant_JJ  speed_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  (_(  t*;2**;-t*;1**;_&FO  )_)  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  constant_NN  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  th_ZZ1  must_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  values_NNS  of_IO  t*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  some_DD  constant_NN  a_ZZ1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  drop_VV0  the_AT1  suffix_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  functional_JJ  equation_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  more_RG  generally_RR  ,_,  by_IO  operating_VBG  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  (_(  23_MC  )_)  with_IO  th_ZZ1  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  whence_CS it_PPH1  immediately_RR  follows_VBZ  that_CS  th(t)_&FO  must_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS o(t)_&FO  is_VBZ  of_IO  period_NN  2a_MC  .  
  to_TO  reduce_VV0  this_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  consider_VV0  other_DA  similar_JJ  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  A_ZZ1  ,_,  B_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  C_ZZ1  are_VBR  collinear_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  B_ZZ1  lying_VBG  between_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  f_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  signal_NN  function_NN  correlating_VBG  B_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  ,_,  then_RL  A_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  will_VM  be_VB0  related_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  function_NN  ps_ZZ1  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  th_ZZ1  and_CC  f_ZZ1  must_VM  be_VB0  commutative_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  since_CS  C_ZZ1  is_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  distance_NN  from_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  f_ZZ1  must_VM  satisfy_VV0  a_AT1  functional_JJ  equation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS b_ZZ1  is_VBZ  some_DD  constant_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  then_RL  easily_RR  proved_VBN  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  A_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  are_VBR  at_IO  a_AT1  fixed_JJ  distance_NN  apart_RP  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  respective_JJ  distances_NNS  of_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  and_CC  of_IO  B_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  .  
  by_IO  operating_VBG  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  of_IO  (_(  24_MC  )_)  with_IO  the_AT1  function_NN  th_ZZ1  and_CC  appealing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  commutative_JJ  property_NN  of_IO  th_ZZ1  and_CC  f_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  whence_CS it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS o(t)_&FO  is_VBZ  of_IO  period_NN  2b_MC  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  o(t)_&FO  must_VM  admit_VV0  both_DB2  2a_MC  and_CC  2b_MC  as_IO  periods_NNS  .  
  if_CS  A_ZZ1  ,_,  B_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  C_ZZ1  are_VBR  any_DD  three_MC  members_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  continuum_NN  of_IO  relatively_RR  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  2a_MC  and_CC  2b_MC  will_VM  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  incommensurable_JJ  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  theorem_NN  the_AT1  only_DA  continuous_JJ  form_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  function_NN  o(t)_&FO  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  from_IO  equation_NN  (_(  23_MC  )_)  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  with_IO  this_DD1  solution_NN  for_IO  th(t)_&FO  ,_,  equations_NNS  (_(  21_MC  )_)  give_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  equation_NN  (_(  19_MC  )_)  ,_,  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  t*?7_ZZ1  =_&FO  t_ZZ1  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  time_NN  recorded_VBN  on_IO  B's_ZZ1  clock_NN  when_CS any_DD  event_NN  occurs_VBZ  at_IO  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  theoretically_RR  assigned_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  event_NN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  uniform_JJ  velocity_NN  of_IO  light_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  all_DB  relatively_RR  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  assign_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  to_IO  any_DD  given_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  agrees_VBZ  with_IO  that_DD1  actually_RR  recorded_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  kept_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS the_AT1  event_NN  occurs_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  conventional_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  world-wide_JJ  simultaneity_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  universal_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  relatively_RR  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  above_JB  analysis_NN  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1    kinematic_JJ  symmetry_NN    of_IO  relatively_RR  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  with_IO  similarly_RR  graduated_JJ  clocks_NNS  who_PNQS assign_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  constant_JJ  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  light-signals_NNS  passing_VBG  between_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  free_JJ  space_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  special_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  ,_,  Einstein_NP  showed_VVD  how_CS the_AT1  same_DA  principle_NN  of_IO  kinematic_JJ  symmetry_NN  in_IO  light-signalling_NN  experiments_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  extended_VBN  to_IO  observers_NNS  in_IO  uniform_JJ  relative_JJ  motion_NN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  entirely_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  for_IO  relatively_RR  stationary_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  world-wide_JJ  simultaneity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  no_AT1  universal_JJ  common_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  aggregate_NN  of_IO  uniformly_RR  moving_JJ  observers_NNS  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  hypothesis_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  general_JJ  laws_NNS  governing_VBG  physical_JJ  formulae_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  form_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  observer_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  any_DD  inertial_JJ  frame_NN  in_IO  uniform_JJ  relative_JJ  motion_NN  as_CS  for_IO  an_AT1  observer_NN  associated_VBN  with_IO  any_DD  inertial_JJ  frame_NN  at_IO  relative_JJ  rest_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  important_JJ  differences_NNS  regarding_IO  the_AT1  epochs_NNS  assigned_VBN  to_IO  particular_JJ  events_NNS  .  
  to_TO  see_VV0  this_DD1  most_RG  simply_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  again_RR  consider_VV0  light-signalling_NN  from_IO  A_ZZ1  to_IO  B_ZZ1  and_CC  from_IO  B_ZZ1  to_IO  A_ZZ1  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  figure_NN  7_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  stipulate_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  observers_NNS  concerned_VBN  move_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  coincidence_NN  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  at_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  epoch_NN  with_IO  uniform_JJ  velocity_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  radial_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  postulate_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  similar_JJ  clocks_NNS  were_VBDR  synchronized_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0  time_NN  zero_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  instant_NN  of_IO  coincidence_NN  .  
  as_CS  before_II  ,_,  we_PPIS2  consider_VV0  a_AT1  signal_NN  emitted_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  at_IO  time_NN  t*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  recorded_VBN  on_IO  A's_NN1$  clock_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  suppose_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  signal_NN  is_VBZ  instantaneously_RR  reflected_VBN  on_IO  arrival_NN  at_IO  B_ZZ1  at_IO  time_NN  t*?7_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  B's_NN1$  clock_NN  ,_,  returning_VBG  to_IO  A_ZZ1  at_IO  time_NN  t*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  kinematic_JJ  symmetry_NN  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  if_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  but_CCB  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS r_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  B_ZZ1  from_IO  A_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  instant_NN  of_IO  reflection_NN  ,_,  and_CC  t_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  epoch_NN  theoretically_RR  assigned_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  to_IO  this_DD1  event_NN  .  
  since_CS  B_ZZ1  is_VBZ  moving_VBG  away_RP  radially_RR  from_IO  coincidence_NN  with_IO  A_ZZ1  at_IO  time_NN  zero_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS V_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  relative_JJ  speed_NN  of_IO  B_ZZ1  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  on_IO  comparing_VBG  (_(  25_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  26_MC  )_)  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  function_NN  ps_ZZ1  must_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  for_IO  all_DB  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  variable_NN  t_ZZ1  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  by_IO  operating_VBG  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  equation_NN  with_IO  ps_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  whence_CS **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  prime_JB  symbol_NN  denoting_VBG  the_AT1  derivative_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  solution_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  28_MC  )_)  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  continuous_JJ  as_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  (_(  positively_RR  )_)  is_VBZ  ps*?7(t)=k_&FO  ,_,  where_CS k_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constant_NN  .  
  since_CS  t*?7=0_&FO  when_CS t*;1**;=0_&FO  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  ps(0)=0_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  ps(t)=kt_&FO  .  
  comparison_NN  with_IO  (_(  27_MC  )_)  yields_VBZ  k*:2**:=a*:2**:_&FO  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  unique_JJ  solution_NN  k=a_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS a_ZZ1  is_VBZ  positive_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  invoke_VV0  a_AT1  further_JB  axiom_NN  :_:  
  axiom_NN  11_MC  .  
  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  reception_NN  of_IO  light-signals_NNS  by_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  B_ZZ1  ,_,  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  emission_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  signals_NNS  by_IO  A_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  at_IO  any_DD  point_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  (_(  theoretically_RR  assigned_JJ  )_)  epoch_NN  a_AT1  unique_JJ  value_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  light_NN  in_IO  free_JJ  space_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  order_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  of_IO  arrival_NN  of_IO  light-signals_NNS  at_IO  B_ZZ1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  emission_NN  from_IO  A_ZZ1  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  signal_NN  emitted_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  at_IO  some_DD  epoch_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  before_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  signal_NN  emitted_VBN  from_IO  A_ZZ1  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  assuming_VBG  continuity_NN  ,_,  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  event_NN  occurring_VBG  in_RP  between_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  second_MD  signal_NN  would_VM  overtake_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  and_CC  pass_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  at_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  event_NN  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  two_MC  values_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  light_NN  in_IO  free_JJ  space_NN  .  
  axiom_NN  11_MC  can_VM  therefore_RR  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  asserting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  theoretically_RR  assigned_VBN  time-order_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  ,_,  agrees_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  time-order_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  events_NNS  as_CS  actually_RR  experienced_VBN  by_IO  B_ZZ1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  sense_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  speak_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  time-order_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  events_NNS  according_IO  to_II  A_ZZ1  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  sense_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  time-order_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  events_NNS  according_IO  to_II  B_ZZ1  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  of_IO  relativity_NN  ,_,  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  are_VBR  interchangeable_JJ  in_IO  axiom_NN  11_MC  .  
  since_CS  t*;2**;=at*?7_&FO  ,_,  t*?7=at*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS t_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  theoretically_RR  assigned_VBN  by_IO  A_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  (_(  and_CC  reflection_NN  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  deduce_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  A_ZZ1  and_CC  B_ZZ1  agree_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  time-order_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  at_IO  B_ZZ1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  assign_VV0  different_JJ  measures_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  time-interval_NN  between_IO  any_DD  two_MC  instants_NNS  at_IO  B_ZZ1  .  
  then_RL  only_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  build-up_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  screen_NN  does_VBZ  the_AT1  object_NN  enter_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  perceiver_NN  as_IO  perception_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  accept_VV0  the_AT1  analogy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  television_NN  apparatus_NN  then_RL  here_RL  is_VBZ  mediation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  absolute_JJ  sort_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  reconcile_VV0  this_DD1  mediation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  utter_JB  transparency_NN  which_DDQ  accompanies_VBZ  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO    seeing_VBG  ,_,    upon_IO  which_DDQ  Professors_NNSB2  \0A_NP  \0J_NP  Ayer_NP  and_CC  Gilbert_NP  Ryle_NP  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0R_NP  \0J_NP  Hirst_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0M_NP  Lean_NP  have_VH0  placed_VBN  such_DA  necessary_JJ  emphasis_NN  .  
  or_CC  in_IO  more_RG  general_JJ  terms_NNS  can_VM  we_PPIS2  reconcile_VV0  the_AT1  body_NN  as_IO  instrumentality_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  as_IO  immediacy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  problems_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  proved_VBN  so_RG  insoluble_JJ  for_IO  perception_NN  are_VBR  even_RR  more_RG  central_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ro*?5le_NN  of_IO  feeling_NN  in_IO  man's_NN1$  experience_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  for_CS  here_RL  again_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  prehension_NN  there_EX  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  yet_RR  another_DD1  scientific_JJ  schema_NN  interposed_VBN  between_IO  man_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  world_NN  he_PPHO1  directly_RR  experiences_VBZ  through_IO  perception_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  less_DA  justification_NN  or_CC  profit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  come_VV0  thick_RR  and_CC  fast_RR  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  universal_JJ  but_CCB  unconscious_JJ    feeling_NN    in_IO  what_DDQ  sense_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1    knowledge_NN  .    
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX    knowledge_NN    to_IO  the_AT1  organism_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  its_APP$  ro*?5le_NN  .  
  does_VBZ  unconscious_JJ  feeling_NN  rise_VV0  in_IO  some_DD  symbolic_JJ  form_NN  into_IO  consciousness_NN  or_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  emotional_JJ  pressure_NN  like_IO  instinct_NN  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  an_AT1  unconscious_JJ  feeling_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  reconciled_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  conscious_JJ  sensory_JJ  experience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  we_PPIS2  describe_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1    feeling_NN  .    
  as_IO  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,      I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  good_JJ    or_CC      I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  stomach-ache_NN  .    
  though_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  only_RR  do_VD0  so_PN1  as_IO  a_AT1  layman_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  scientific_JJ  findings_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  dazzled_VBN  by_IO  science_NN  into_IO  imagining_VBG  that_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  more_DA  about_IO  our_APP$  bodies_NNS  than_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  know_VV0  in_IO  direct_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  body-schema_NN  science_NN  has_VHZ  built_VBN  up_RP  for_IO  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  obscure_VV0  the_AT1  enigmatic_JJ  experiential_JJ  relation_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  has_VHZ  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  body_NN  .  
  common_JJ  sense_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  as_CS  given_VBN  in_IO  private_JJ  experience_NN  before_CS  we_PPIS2  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  public_JJ  science_NN  .  
  3_MC  :_:  the_AT1  self's_NN1$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  threshold_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  man's_NN1$  awareness_NN  is_VBZ  his_APP$  intimate_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  being_VBG  identified_VBN  with_IO  ,_,  a_AT1  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  this_DD1  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  exists_VBZ  this_DD1  body_NN  ,_,  as_CS  \0M_NNSB1  Jean-Paul_NP  Sartre_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  conceive_VV0  existence_NN  without_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  stops_VBZ  to_TO  reflect_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  conscious_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  threshold_NN  of_IO  perception_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  enjoyable_JJ  warmth_NN  and_CC  beyond_IO  its_APP$  warmth_NN  ,_,  obscurely_RR  felt_VBN  ,_,  its_APP$  energy_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  nature_NN  of_IO  seeming_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  coiled_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  spring_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  his_APP$  bidding_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  analyse_VV0  this_DD1  situation_NN  except_CS  in_IO  Cartesian_JJ  terms_NNS  ,_,  much_RR  as_CS  one_MC1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  avoid_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  man_NN  both_DB2  is_VBZ  his_APP$  body_NN  and_CC  conceives_VBZ  his_APP$  body_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  instrument_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  animal_JJ  behaviour_NN  Professor_NNSB1  Michael_NP  Polanyi_NP  remarks_VBZ  that_CS      there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  purposive_JJ  tension_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  no_AT1  fully_RR  awake_JJ  animal_NN  is_VBZ  free_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  consists_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  readiness_NN  to_TO  perceive_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  act_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  more_RG  generally_RR  speaking_VBG  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  sense_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  situation_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  intellectually_RR  and_CC  practically_RR  .    
  man's_NN1$  existential_JJ  encounter_NN  with_IO  himself_PPX1  could_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  terms_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1    purposive_JJ  tension_NN    seeking_VBG    control_NN  of_IO  itself_PPX1  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  surroundings_NNS  .    
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Erich_NP  Kahler_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  man's_NN1$  bodily_JJ  consciousness_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  but_CCB  still_RR  illuminating_JJ  way_NN  :_:  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  try_VV0  to_TO  delve_VV0  into_IO  my_APP$  innermost_JJ  feelings_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  initial_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  self_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  existence_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  sheer_JB  thinking_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Cartesian_JJ  cogito_&FW  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  immediately_RR  and_CC  simultaneously_RR  ,_,  something_PN1  more_DA  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  implicit_JJ  in_IO  my_APP$  feeling_NN  of_IO  existence_NN  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  organic_JJ  existence_NN  ,_,  or_CC  organicity_NN  ,_,  of_IO  wholeness_NN  .  
  distorted_VBN  ,_,  stunted_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  by_IO  the_AT1  wear_NN  and_CC  tear_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  life_NN  the_AT1  original_JJ  form_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  traceable_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  bud_NN  of_IO  youth_NN  :_:  a_AT1  ball_NN  of_IO  radiating_JJ  strength_NN  and_CC  capacity_NN  ;_;  all-sidedness_NN  ,_,  all-potentiality_NN  ;_;  coherence_NN  ,_,  correspondence_NN  ,_,  co-operation_NN  of_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  organs_NNS  and_CC  faculties_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  healthy_JJ  human_JJ  being_NN  feels_VBZ  the_AT1  unity_NN  of_IO  body_NN  and_CC  mind_NN    (_(  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  one_MC1  might_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  since_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  already_RR  metaphysical_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  conceive_VV0  their_APP$  disunity_NN  )_)    the_AT1  one_MC1  present_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mind_NN  governing_VBG  the_AT1  body_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  still_RR  nai"ve_JJ  ,_,  unconscious_JJ  ,_,  spontaneous_JJ  manner_NN  ;_;  neither_LE  intellect_NN  nor_CC  brute_JB  force_NN  is_VBZ  autonomously_RR  prevalent_JJ  .  
  such_DA  elemental_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  organic_JJ  existence_NN  shines_VBZ  forth_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  masterly_JJ  ,_,  fully_RR  animated_JJ  bodies_NNS  of_IO    primitive_JJ    people_NNS  .  in_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  body_NN  is_VBZ  face_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  the_AT1  playful_JJ  ,_,  controlled_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  face_NN  .    
  man's_NN1$  consciousness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  almost_RR  hidden_JJ  organic_JJ  energy_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  than_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  warm_JJ  bodily_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS we_PPIS2  reflect_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  passive_JJ  and_CC  relaxes_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  waking_NN  lives_NNS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR    keyed_VBN  up_RP    to_IO  activity_NN  ,_,  without_IO  taking_VBG  thought_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  stretched_VBN  in_IO  attention_NN  ,_,  ready_JJ  to_TO  act_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  runner_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  starter's_NN1$  pistol_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  possible_JJ  position_NN  for_IO  reflection_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  being_VBG  coiled_VBN  for_IO  action_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  fills_VBZ  more_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  waking_NN  lives_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  relaxed_JJ  and_CC  reflective_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  even_RR  with_IO  such_DA  notably_RR  recumbent_JJ  figures_NNS  as_IO  philosophers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  active_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  separation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  will_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bodily_JJ  activity_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  impossible_JJ  to_TO  conceive_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  barely_RR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  will_NN  to_TO  perform_VV0  actions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  body_NN  becomes_VBZ  pervaded_VBN  with_IO  will_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  will_NN  .  
  this_DD1  identity_NN  of_IO  body_NN  ,_,  self_NN  and_CC  will_NN  has_VHZ  important_JJ  consequences_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  developing_VBG  .  
  what_DDQ  other_DA  modes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  body-self's_NN1$  generalized_JJ  awareness_NN  are_VBR  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  must_VM  add_VV0  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  locus_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  perceptions_NNS  and_CC  ideas_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  spatial_JJ  presence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  an_AT1  inner_JB  space_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  presence_NN  guards_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  sensation_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  inside_JB  us_PPIO2   ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,  though_CS  grief_NN  and_CC  heartache_NN  are_VBR  genuinely_RR  elsewhere_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  location_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  one_MC1  .  
    in_IO    us_PPIO2   ,_,  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  less_RG  vaguely_RR  ,_,    in_IO  our_APP$  heads_NNS  ,_,    but_CCB  never_RR  as_CS    in_IO    an_AT1  organ_NN  open_JJ  to_IO  any_DD  perceptual_JJ  inspection_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  hand_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  finger-nail_NN  .  
  Erich_NP  Kahler_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  man_NN  not_XX  as_IO  a_AT1  spot_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  being_NN  thrown_VBN  into_IO  existence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  existentialist_NN  sense_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO    an_AT1  inner_JB  space_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  latent_JJ  arena_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  self_NN  .    
  for_IO  him_PPHO1  this_DD1  self-identity_NN  also_RR  involves_VBZ    the_AT1  silent_JJ  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  person's_NN1$  whole_JJ  background_NN  and_CC  surroundings_NNS  .  the_AT1  total_JJ  potentiality_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  experiences_NNS  ever_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  into_IO  function_NN  ,_,  in_RR  short_RR  the_AT1  immeasurable_JJ  avenues_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  memory_NN  and_CC  of_IO  his_APP$  interiorized_JJ  world_NN  .    
  the_AT1  perceiving_NN  ,_,  thinking_NN  ,_,  worrying_NN  ,_,  planning_NN  processes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  self_NN  are_VBR    us_PPIO2     as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ    us_PPIO2   .    
  and_CC  though_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  apprehended_VBN  like_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  belong_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  as_CS  David_NP  Hume_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  turn_VV0  round_RP  and_CC  catch_VV0  our_APP$  minds_NNS  or_CC  selves_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  mere_JB  act_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  seize_VV0  upon_IO  personal_JJ  identity_NN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  another_DD1    thing_NN    we_PPIS2  could_VM  handle_VV0  ,_,  defeats_VBZ  us_PPIO2   ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  identity_NN  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  doing_VBG  and_CC  seizing_VBG  and_CC  never_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seized_VBN  .  
  here_RL  lies_VBZ  the_AT1  guarantee_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  inalienability_NN  .  
  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  part_NN  of_IO  David_NP  Hume's_PPIO2  argument_NN  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  inviolable_JJ  element_NN  in_IO  man_NN  and_CC  other_DA  organisms_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  important_JJ  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  knowledge_NN  .  
  Whitehead_NP  emphasized_VVD  that_CS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
  no_AT1  purpose_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  served_VBN  by_IO  creating_VBG  the_AT1  eye_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
  the_AT1  organs_NNS  of_IO  sense_NN  function_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  self_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  transparent_JJ  way_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  eye_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  this_DD1  literally_RR  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  turns_VBZ  one's_$  attention_NN  from_IO  what_DDQ  one_MC1  sees_VBZ  to_IO  that_DD1  by_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  sees_VBZ  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  conscious_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  pool_NN  or_CC  area_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  transparency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eye-sockets_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  emptiness_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  world_NN  pours_VBZ  without_IO  hindrance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  eye_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  withdrawn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  sight_NN  into_IO  pure_JJ  nothingness_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  senses_NNS  ,_,  only_RR  touch_NN  brings_VBZ  presence_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  this_DD1  bodily_JJ  absence_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  teasing_JJ  way_NN  the_AT1  existentialists_NNS  might_VM  adopt_VV0  ,_,  presence-in-absence_NN  ,_,  points_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  metaphysic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  that_DD1  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  most_RG  near_II  to_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  necessary_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  existence_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  without_IO  a_AT1  philosophy_NN  except_CS  where_CS its_APP$  perceptual_JJ  machinery_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  bodily_JJ  circumstance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  understood_VBN  is_VBZ  how_CS little_DA  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  nature_NN  .  
  to_TO  understand_VV0  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  escape_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  all_RR  too_RG  common_JJ  assumption_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  body-schema_NN  we_PPIS2  learn_VV0  from_IO  text-books_NNS  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  equipment_NN  .  
  even_RR  a_AT1  mirror_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  given_VBN  to_IO  man_NN  in_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  except_CS  perhaps_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  sheet_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  conceive_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  prehistoric_JJ  man_NN  going_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  without_IO  ever_RR  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  body_NN  brightly_RR  mirrored_VBN  before_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  how_CS little_DA  even_RR  the_AT1  mirror_NN  would_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  !_!  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  see_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  mirror_NN  ,_,  or_CC  infer_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  bodies_NNS  of_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  external_JJ  sack_NN  ,_,  or_CC  skin_NN  ,_,  containing_VBG  the_AT1  external_JJ  organs_NNS  and_CC  covering_VBG  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  which_DDQ  shape_VV0  the_AT1  torso_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  limbs_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  masking_VBG  the_AT1  internal_JJ  organs_NNS  completely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  helping_VBG  to_TO  hold_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  position_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  rigid_JJ  skeleton_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  grotesque_JJ  caricature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  living_JJ  man_NN  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  to_IO  light_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  primitive_NN  only_RR  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  some_DD  time_NN  dead_JJ  .  
  detailed_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  interior_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  secure_VV0  only_RR  from_IO  surgical_JJ  and_CC  physiological_JJ  research_NN  ,_,  just_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  functioning_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  senses_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  research_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  pleasing_JJ  and_CC  thoughtful_JJ  essay_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  aesthetics_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Brophy_NP  speaks_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  skin_NN  as_IO  mental_JJ  frontier_NN  seldom_RR  crossed_VBN  except_CS  by_IO  those_DD2  whose_PNQV$  studies_NNS  compel_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  even_RR  they_PPHS2  in_IO  their_APP$  initial_JJ  training_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  overcome_VV0  a_AT1  profound_JJ  repugnance_NN  when_CS called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  cross_VV0  that_DD1  human_JJ  boundary_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  natural_JJ  order_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  skin_NN  should_VM  conceal_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  internal_JJ  workings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS this_DD1  convention_NN  is_VBZ  overthrown_VBN  ,_,  whoever_PNQS views_VBZ  the_AT1  exposure_NN  feels_VBZ  a_AT1  violent_JJ  protest_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  mind_NN  and_CC  body_NN  .  
  this_DD1  protest_NN  is_VBZ  doubtless_RR  closely_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  realization_NN  of_IO  pain_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  no_AT1  merely_RR  intellectual_JJ  observation_NN  of_IO  anaesthetic_JJ  affects_NNS  can_VM  compensate_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  heightened_VBN  by_IO  sense_NN  impressions_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  opened-up_JJ  body_NN  which_DDQ  differ_VV0  noticeably_RR  from_IO  those_DD2  given_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  body_NN  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  intact_JJ  skin_NN  :_:  the_AT1  internal_JJ  organs_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  exceedingly_RR  brilliant_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  emit_VV0  odours_NNS  and_CC  heat_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  revelation_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  by_IO  skilful_JJ  surgery_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tissues_NNS  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  continuously_RR  bathed_VBN  in_IO  blood_NN  .  
  when_CS wounds_NNS  or_CC  injuries_NNS  are_VBR  inflicted_VBN  the_AT1  exposure_NN  will_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  untidy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  suffering_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  torn_JJ  body_NN  ,_,  unmitigated_JJ  by_IO  anaesthetics_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  in_IO  writhings_NNS  ,_,  shouts_NNS  or_CC  moans_NNS  ,_,  unless_CS  shock_NN  brings_VBZ  about_RP  unconsciousness_NN  or_CC  death_NN  .  
  by_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  the_AT1  observer's_NN1$  senses_NNS  are_VBR  outraged_VBN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Brophy's_PPIO2  comments_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  not_XX  all_DB  the_AT1  story_NN  .  
  the_AT1  intense_JJ  psychological_JJ  shock_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  consequence_NN  of_IO  another's_DT$  injured_JJ  body_NN  has_VHZ  really_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  explained_VBN  on_IO  more_RR  than_RR  aesthetic_JJ  grounds_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  aesthetic_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  shock_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  is_VBZ  shocked_VBN  by_IO  animal_JJ  carcases_NNS  dripping_VBG  blood_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  butcher's_NN1$  shop_NN  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  mighty_JJ  blows_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  cleaver_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  quivering_JJ  flesh_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  joints_NNS  exposed_VBN  for_IO  sale_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  young_JJ  wife_NN  who_PNQS might_VM  faint_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  cut_JJ  finger_NN  will_VM  become_VV0  expert_JJ  in_IO  handling_VBG  and_CC  judging_VBG  (_(  to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  cooking_VBG  )_)  the_AT1  flesh_NN  of_IO  dead_JJ  animals_NNS  .  
  clearly_RR  the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  protest_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  whole_JJ  one_MC1  if_CS  such_DA  experiences_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  pleasurably_RR  borne_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  relate_VV0  shock_NN  over_IO  bodily_JJ  injury_NN  to_IO  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  transparency_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  organs_NNS  .  
  consciousness_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  would_VM  block_VV0  consciousness_NN  through_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  intense_JJ  consciousness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  interferes_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  instrumentality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  young_JJ  tennis_NN  player_NN  forgets_VBZ  his_APP$  racket_NN  and_CC  forgets_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  proud_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  can_VM  he_PPHO1  really_RR  hit_VVD  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  principle_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  ,_,  requires_VBZ  no_AT1    objective_JJ    demonstration_NN  ,_,  marks_VBZ  Schiller's_PPIO2  advance_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  aesthetic_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  argues_VBZ  ,_,  whereas_CS  important_JJ  elements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  severally_RR  declared_VBN  and_CC  championed_VBN  in_IO  recent_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  specific_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  fragmented_VBN  and_CC  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  .  
  in_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  obvious_JJ  aspect_NN  Schiller's_PPIO2  problem_NN  is_VBZ  again_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  mediation_NN  ,_,  now_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  grand_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  advocates_NNS  of_IO  sensualist_NN  and_CC  intellectualist_NN  aesthetics_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  Burke_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  Baumgarten_NP  .  
  Schiller_NP  applauds_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  the_AT1  rejection_NN  of_IO  conceptual_JJ  form_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fabric_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  the_AT1  reference_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  sense_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  organization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  faculties_NNS  .  
  Schiller_NP  has_VHZ  somehow_RR  to_TO  vindicate_VV0  in_IO  exact_JJ  theory_NN  his_APP$  conviction_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  is_VBZ  objective_JJ  ,_,  self-contained_JJ  ,_,    selig_&FW  in_&FW  ihm_&FW  selbst_&FW      and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  ,_,  paradoxically_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  reflex_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  percipient_NN  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  essential_JJ  attributes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  independence_NN  ,_,  of_IO  self-containedness_NN  ,_,  of_IO    objectivity_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  of_IO  greater_JJ  moment_NN  in_IO  Schiller's_PPIO2  feeling_NN  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  evidently_RR  more_RG  excited_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  aspect_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Schiller_NP  brings_VBZ  to_TO  bear_VV0  an_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  sensitivity_NN  in_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  Kant's_PPIO2  ingenious_JJ  aesthetics_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  more_RG  positive_JJ  individual_JJ  contribution_NN  lies_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  empirical_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  argument_NN  which_DDQ  Schiller_NP  is_VBZ  impatient_JJ  to_TO  reach_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  beginning_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  correspondence_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  before_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  allow_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_TO  communicate_VV0  the_AT1  essence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  experience_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  he_PPHO1  insists_VBZ  on_IO  examining_VBG  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  which_DDQ  make_VV0  that_DD1  experience_NN  theoretically_RR  possible_JJ  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  vies_VBZ  with_IO  Kant_NP  in_IO  stressing_VBG  the_AT1  subjective_JJ  limits_NNS  of_IO  experience_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  18th_MD  of_IO  February_NN1  Schiller_NP  endorses_VBZ  the_AT1  major_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  philosophy_NN  :_:  
    die_&FW  Natur_&FW  steht_&FW  unter_&FW  dem_&FW  Verstandesgesetz_&FW  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  correspondence_NN  his_APP$  main_JB  argument_NN  rests_VBZ  on_IO  assumptions_NNS  which_DDQ  conflict_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  principle_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  degree_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Schiller_NP  emancipates_VBZ  nature_NN  from_IO  reason_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  degree_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1    breaks_VBZ  through_IO  the_AT1  Kantian_JJ  dogma_NN    ,_,  as_CS  Baumecker_NP  asserts_VBZ  with_IO  approval_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  without_IO  adequate_JJ  systematic_JJ  justification_NN  .  
  the_AT1  special_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO    objectivity_NN    upon_IO  which_DDQ  Schiller_NP  hopes_VBZ  to_TO  rest_VV0  his_APP$  theory_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  capricious_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  of_IO  exact_JJ  thought_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  argument_NN  sets_VBZ  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  whereas_CS  this_DD1  claim_NN  of_IO    objectivity_NN    is_VBZ  of_IO  extreme_JJ  interest_NN  as_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  Schiller's_PPIO2  aesthetic_JJ  consciousness_NN  and_CC  of_IO  his_APP$  efforts_NNS  to_TO  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  terms_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  theoretical_JJ  reflections_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  fact_NN  substantiate_VV0  the_AT1  claim_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  more_RG  far-reaching_JJ  implications_NNS  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  main_JB  advance_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  .  
  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  whole_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  is_VBZ  formally_RR  directed_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  an_AT1    objective_JJ    principle_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  any_DD  direct_JJ  and_CC  brilliant_JJ  challenge_NN  to_IO  Kant_NP  on_IO  this_DD1  issue_NN  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  applaud_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  valuable_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  major_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  subjective_JJ  in_IO  essentials_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  do_VD0  firstly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  particularly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  percipient_NN  which_DDQ  permit_VV0  the_AT1  transference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  object_NN    in_IO  appearance_NN    ,_,  and_CC  secondly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  more_RG  generally_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  concept_NN  of_IO  aesthetic_JJ  form_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  abstract_NN  based_VBN  upon_IO  forms_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  orders_NNS  ,_,  preparing_VBG  a_AT1  far_RR  more_RG  sensitive_JJ  redisposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  ,_,  moral_JJ  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  faculties_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  trends_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  special_JJ  claim_NN  of_IO    objectivity_NN    ,_,  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  evolution_NN  of_IO  Schiller's_PPIO2  aesthetic_JJ  philosophy_NN  ,_,  regarded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  doctrine_NN  having_VHG  final_JJ  coherence_NN  and_CC  universal_JJ  validity_NN  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1    Kallias_NP    letters_NNS  are_VBR  examined_VBN  as_IO  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  interplay_NN  of_IO  rational_JJ  and_CC  irrational_JJ  motives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  contrasting_JJ  forms_NNS  of_IO  vision_NN  and_CC  language_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Schiller_NP  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  quite_RR  different_JJ  valuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    objective_JJ    principle_NN  becomes_VBZ  appropriate_JJ  .  
  for_CS  this_DD1  principle_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  Schiller_NP  subordinates_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  argument_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  formal_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  may_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  seen_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  extreme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tendency_NN  to_TO  rationalize_VV0  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  belong_VV0  properly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  vision_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  covers_VBZ  and_CC  attempts_VBZ  to_TO  legitimate_VV0  the_AT1  extrusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  anima_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1    Person_&FW    ,_,    die_&FW  Natur_&FW    das_&FW  Wesen_&FW  des_&FW  Dinges_&FW    ,_,  from_IO  its_APP$  proper_JJ  location_NN  in_IO  unreflective_JJ  poetic_JJ  conviction_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  alien_JJ  province_NN  of_IO  systematic_JJ  aesthetic_JJ  philosophy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  as_IO  an_AT1  irrational_JJ  impulse_NN  to_TO  authorize_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  dignify_VV0  the_AT1  products_NNS  of_IO  artistic_JJ  intuition_NN  .  
  further_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  precisely_RR  this_DD1  ,_,  presumably_RR  unconscious_JJ  ,_,  attempt_NN  at_IO  maximum_JJ  assimilation_NN  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  of_IO  the_AT1  disparate_JJ  functions_NNS  of_IO  aesthetic_JJ  imagination_NN  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  philosophy_NN  that_PNQS perplexes_VBZ  criticism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Kallias_NP    letters_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nai"ve_JJ  perception_NN  of_IO  beautiful_JJ  forms_NNS  as_CS  animated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  personal_JJ  will_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  expression_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  is_VBZ  explained_VBN  by_IO  Schiller_NP  with_IO  subtlety_NN  and_CC  detachment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  letters_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  ,_,    empirical_JJ    part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  argument_NN  the_AT1  perspective_NN  changes_NNS  ,_,  analogies_NNS  become_VV0  facts_NNS  ,_,  aesthetic_JJ  configurations_NNS  become_VV0    things_NNS    ,_,  having_VHG  their_APP$  private_JJ  essences_NNS  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  wholly_RR  contrasting_JJ  ,_,  aesthetically_RR  valid_JJ  and_CC  systematically_RR  untenable_JJ  vision_NN  is_VBZ  adapted_VBN  and_CC  assimilated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  terminology_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strictly_RR  logical_JJ  framework_NN  .  
  conceptual_JJ  myths_NNS  are_VBR  generated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  vacuum_NN  between_IO  philosophical_JJ  and_CC  poetic_JJ  language_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  grade_NN  of_IO    objectivity_NN    in_IO  Kantian_JJ  usage_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  closely_RR  defined_VBN  as_IO  (_(  the_AT1  assumption_NN  of_IO  )_)  a_AT1  universal_JJ  subjective_JJ  necessity_NN  in_IO  regard_NN  to_IO  any_DD  mental_JJ  disposition_NN  or_CC  content_NN  .  
  Kant_NP  develops_VBZ  this_DD1  sense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  term_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Analytik_&FW  des_&FW  Scho"nen_&FW    :_:  
    die_&FW  Notwendigkeit_&FW  der_&FW  allgemeinen_&FW  Beistimmung_&FW  ,_,  die_&FW  in_&FW  einem_&FW  Geschmacksurteile_&FW  gedacht_&FW  wird_&FW  ,_,  ist_&FW  eine_&FW  subjektive_&FW  Notwendigkeit_&FW  ,_,  die_&FW  unter_&FW  der_&FW  Voraussetzung_&FW  eines_&FW  Gemeinsinnes_&FW  als_&FW  objektiv_&FW  vorgestellt_&FW  wird_&FW  .    
  but_CCB  Schiller_NP  is_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  this_DD1  attenuated_JJ    objectivity_NN    ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  maximum_NN  that_PNQS Kant_NP  will_VM  allow_VV0  to_IO  aesthetic_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  Schiller's_PPIO2  ambition_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  is_VBZ  deducible_JJ  from_IO  a_JJ  priori_JJ"  principles_NNS  directly_RR  ,_,  yet_CF  he_PPHO1  must_VM  admit_VV0  at_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  stage_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  turn_VV0  partly_RR  to_IO    the_AT1  testimony_NN  of_IO  experience_NN    :_:  **[FOREIGN-QUOTATION**]_&FW  
  in_IO  this_DD1  initial_JJ  usage_NN    objective_NC2    has_VHZ  more_RRR  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO    theoretically_RR  cogent_JJ    ;_;  it_PPH1  points_VBZ  beyond_IO  Kant's_PPIO2  pronouncement_NN  :_:      die_&FW  Allgemeinheit_&FW  des_&FW  Wohlgefallens_&FW  wird_&FW  in_&FW  einem_&FW  Geschmacksurteile_&FW  nur_&FW  als_&FW  subjektive_&FW  vorgestellt_&FW    ,_,  and_CC  challenges_VBZ  Kant_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  assertion_NN  :_:      unter_&FW  einem_&FW  Prinzip_&FW  des_&FW  Geschmacks_&FW  wu"rde_&FW  man_&FW  einen_&FW  Grundsatz_&FW  verstehen_&FW  ,_,  unter_&FW  dessen_&FW  Bedingung_&FW  man_&FW  den_&FW  Begriff_&FW  eines_&FW  Gegenstandes_&FW  subsumieren_&FW  ,_,  und_&FW  alsdann_&FW  durch_&FW  einen_&FW  Schluss_&FW  herausbringen_&FW  ko"nnte_&FW  ,_,  dass_&FW  er_&FW  scho"n_&FW  sei_&FW  .  
  das_&FW  ist_&FW  aber_&FW  schlechterdings_&FW  unmo"glich_&FW  .    
  Schiller_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  meet_VV0  directly_RR  Kant's_PPIO2  main_JB  argument_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  essence_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  judgement_NN  rests_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  subjective_JJ  pleasure_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  itself_PPX1  be_VB0  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  deduction_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  already_RR  evidence_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  this_DD1  teasing_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    objective_JJ    principle_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  developed_VBN  above_II  ,_,  that_CS  Schiller's_PPIO2  vital_JJ  concern_NN  lies_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  vindication_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  totality_NN  .  
  Schiller_NP  is_VBZ  dissatisfied_JJ  with_IO  Kant's_PPIO2  manner_NN  of_IO  excluding_VBG  rational_JJ  form_NN  entirely_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  province_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  concedes_VBZ  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  perfection_NN  ,_,  logically_RR  apprehended_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  considers_VBZ  that_CS  Kant's_PPIO2  solution_NN  is_VBZ  misguided_JJ  and_CC  impoverishes_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  :_:  **[FOREIGN_&FW  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  here_RL  that_CS  Schiller's_PPIO2  more_RG  valid_JJ  challenge_NN  lies_VBZ  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  his_APP$    Auseinandersetzung_&FW  mit_&FW  Kant_&FW    .  
  here_RL  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  aesthetic_JJ  theory_NN  proper_JJ  .  
  in_IO  ethical_JJ  theory_NN  Schiller's_PPIO2  defence_NN  of_IO  natural_JJ  feeling_NN  against_IO  Kantian_JJ  rigorism_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  closely_RR  related_VBN  impulse_NN  .  
  significantly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  Schiller_NP  now_RL  approaches_VBZ  the_AT1  vital_JJ  core_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  idea_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  mode_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  changes_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  speaks_VBZ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  of_IO  that_DD1  critical_JJ  insight_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  structural_JJ  relations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  and_CC  aesthetic_JJ  faculties_NNS  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  affect_VV0  his_APP$  doctrine_NN  so_RG  profoundly_RR  .  
  although_CS  distinct_JJ  from_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  kind_NN  ,_,  beauty_NN  is_VBZ  dependent_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  technical_JJ  structure_NN  for_IO  its_APP$  realization_NN  :_:  
    denn_&FW  eben_&FW  darin_&FW  zeigt_&FW  sich_&FW  die_&FW  Scho"nheit_&FW  in_&FW  ihrem_&FW  ho"chsten_&FW  Glanze_&FW  ,_,  wenn_&FW  sie_&FW  die_&FW  logische_&FW  Natur_&FW  ihres_&FW  Objektes_&FW  u"berwindet_&FW  ;_;  und_&FW  wie_&FW  kann_&FW  sie_&FW  u"berwinden_&FW  ,_,  wo_&FW  kein_&FW  Widerstand_&FW  ist_&FW  .    
  at_IO  a_AT1  critical_JJ  point_NN  Schiller_NP  passes_VBZ  into_IO  metaphor_NN  and_CC  personification_NN  ,_,  although_CS  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  he_PPHO1  provides_VBZ  also_RR  an_AT1  equivalent_JJ  statement_NN  in_IO  abstract_JJ  terms_NNS  :_:  
      Die_&FW  Vollkommenheit_&FW  ist_&FW  die_&FW  Form_&FW  eines_&FW  Stoffes_&FW  ,_,  die_&FW  Scho"nheit_&FW  ,_,  hingegen_&FW  ,_,  ist_&FW  die_&FW  Form_&FW  dieser_&FW  Vollkommenheit_&FW  :_:  die_&FW  sich_&FW  also_&FW  gegen_&FW  die_&FW  Scho"nheit_&FW  wie_&FW  der_&FW  Stoff_&FW  zu_&FW  der_&FW  Form_&FW  verha"lt_&FW  .    
  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  personal_JJ  analogy_NN  may_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  thought_VBN  of_IO  as_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  rhetorical_JJ  stress_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  already_RR  some_DD  resemblance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  invasion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  area_NN  by_IO  notions_NNS  of_IO  irrational_JJ  origin_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    conquest_NN    of_IO  a_AT1    resistance_NN    ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  commensurate_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  abstract_JJ  statement_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  certain_JJ  irony_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  letter_NN  to_IO  Ko"rner_NP  (_(  8th_MD  \0Feb_NN1  )_)  ,_,  for_IO  Schiller_NP  reproaches_VBZ  him_PPHO1  for_IO  tendencies_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  himself_PPX1  to_TO  exhibit_VV0  ,_,  although_CS  more_RG  subtly_RR  :_:  **[FOREIGN_&FW  
  or_CC  the_AT1  passage_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  read_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  self-admonition_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  remark_NN  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  :_:  
    u"brigens_&FW  rede_&FW  ich_&FW  hier_&FW  mehr_&FW  als_&FW  Kantianer_&FW  ,_,  denn_&FW  es_&FW  ist_&FW  am_&FW  Ende_&FW  mo"glich_&FW  ,_,  dass_&FW  auch_&FW  meine_&FW  Theorie_&FW  von_&FW  diesem_&FW  Vorwurfe_&FW  nicht_&FW  ganz_&FW  frei_&FW  bleibt_&FW  .    
  for_CS  Schiller_NP  must_VM  sense_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rather_RR  precarious_JJ  distinction_NN  between_IO  Ko"rner's_PPIO2  resort_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  unity_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  manifold_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  indirect_JJ  but_CCB  undeniable_JJ  import_NN  of_IO  concepts_NNS  of_IO  reason_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  similarly_RR  threatens_VBZ  collision_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  accepted_JJ  Kantian_JJ  pronouncement_NN  :_:  
    das_&FW  Scho"ne_&FW  gefa"llt_&FW  ohne_&FW  Begriff_&FW  .    
  by_IO  insisting_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$    objective_JJ    principle_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  allowing_VBG  himself_PPX1  only_RR  such_DA  departure_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Kantian_JJ  philosophy_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  hold_VV0  compatible_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  dicta_NNS  of_IO  that_DD1  philosophy_NN  ,_,  Schiller_NP  prescribes_VBZ  for_IO  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  very_RG  difficult_JJ  task_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  intricate_JJ  verbal_JJ  adjustments_NNS  which_DDQ  in_IO  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exposition_NN  .  
  for_CS  ,_,  firstly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  emerges_VBZ  between_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  letter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  8th_MD  of_IO  February_NN1  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  attempt_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  to_TO    establish_VV0  objectively_RR  a_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  and_CC  to_TO  legitimate_VV0  it_PPH1  completely_RR  a_RR  priori_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  reason_NN    ,_,  then_RL  elaborate_JJ  precautions_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  so_TO  as_TO"  not_XX  to_TO  offend_VV0  against_IO  that_DD1  precept_NN  that_CS    the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  pleases_VBZ  without_IO  concept_NN    .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  for_IO  this_DD1  initial_JJ  dilemma_NN  the_AT1  only_DA  direct_JJ  resolution_NN  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  require_VV0  psychological_JJ  schemes_NNS  not_XX  then_RL  available_JJ  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  limiting_JJ  proposition_NN  were_VBDR  modified_VBN  to_TO  read_VV0  :_:    the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  pleases_VBZ  without_IO  the_AT1  conscious_JJ  intrusion_NN  of_IO  concept_NN    ,_,  then_RL  Schiller's_PPIO2  whole_JJ  argument_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  facilitated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  .  
  the_AT1  besetting_JJ  difficulty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Kantian_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  thinking_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Schiller_NP  inherits_VBZ  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  extensive_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  analytical_JJ  schemata_NNS  which_DDQ  transform_VV0  mental_JJ  faculties_NNS  into_IO  virtual_JJ  entities_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  tend_VV0  to_TO  appear_VV0  as_IO  segregated_JJ  elements_NNS  standing_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  relationship_NN  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  and_CC  constrained_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  extreme_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  into_IO  a_AT1  misleading_JJ  geometrical_JJ  symmetry_NN  .  
  this_DD1  tendency_NN  is_VBZ  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  personifying_JJ  drive_NN  in_IO  Schiller_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  runs_VBZ  counter_RR  to_IO  that_DD1  important_JJ  systematic_JJ  idea_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  emerging_VBG  ,_,  that_CS  conceptual_JJ  activity_NN  is_VBZ  somehow_RR  implicit_JJ  or_CC  submerged_JJ  in_IO  aesthetic_JJ  experience_NN  ,_,  without_IO  however_RR  belonging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  fabric_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  experience_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  in_IO  consciousness_NN  .  
  since_CS  Schiller_NP  feels_VBZ  strongly_RR  that_CS  (_(  practical_JJ  )_)  reason_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  have_VH0  some_DD  profound_JJ  kinship_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  impelled_VBN  to_TO  assert_VV0  this_DD1  by_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  authoritative_JJ  means_NN  known_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  deduction_NN  a_RR  priori_RR  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  given_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  logically_RR  predictable_JJ  consequence_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  psychic_JJ  constitution_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  realizes_VBZ  by_IO  both_DB2  systematic_JJ  thought_NN  and_CC  immediate_JJ  experience_NN  that_CS  concepts_NNS  are_VBR  no_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  :_:  **[FOREIGN_&FW  
  and_CC  so_RR  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  hiatus_NN  is_VBZ  opened_VBN  ,_,  such_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  seem_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  penetrating_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  beauty_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  alien_JJ  apparatus_NN  of_IO  concepts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  what_DDQ  follows_VBZ  Schiller_NP  feels_VBZ  his_APP$  way_NN  towards_IO  an_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  psychology_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  advantage_NN  over_IO  Kant's_PPIO2  doctrine_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  fuller_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  vision_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  may_VM  abstract_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  and_CC  theoretical_JJ  faculties_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  derive_VV0  its_APP$  own_DA  proper_JJ  symbolical_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  Kant's_PPIO2  aesthetic_JJ  judgement_NN  is_VBZ  but_II  one_MC1  limitation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  judgement_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  turn_NN  is_VBZ  assigned_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  intermediate_JJ  and_CC  subordinate_JJ  position_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  faculties_NNS  of_IO  reason_NN  .  
  in_IO  Schiller_NP  the_AT1  aesthetic_JJ  judgement_NN  becomes_VBZ  primary_JJ  in_IO  both_DB2  an_AT1  emotional_JJ  and_CC  formal_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  expanded_VBN  to_TO  include_VV0  the_AT1    forms_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1  rational_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  terms_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  the_AT1  focus_NN  of_IO  totality_NN  ,_,  concord_NN  and_CC  freedom_NN  .  
  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  construe_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  mere_JB  bodily_JJ  movements_NNS  and_CC  actions_NNS  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  acts_NNS  of_IO  volition_NN  ,_,  so_CS  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  wanting_NN  when_CS this_DD1  is_VBZ  identified_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  Humean_JJ  cause_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  faced_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  manifest_JJ  contradiction_NN  .  
  construed_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  internal_JJ  impression_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  function_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  cause_NN  that_PNQS issues_VBZ  in_IO  some_DD  item_NN  of_IO  so-called_JB  overt_JJ  behaviour_NN  (_(  whether_CS  this_DD1  be_VB0  some_DD  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  or_CC  an_AT1  action_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  no_AT1  matter_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  present_JJ  purposes_NNS  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  impression_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  describable_JJ  without_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  any_DD  event_NN  or_CC  object_NN  distinct_JJ  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  characterize_VV0  that_DD1  internal_JJ  impression_NN  without_IO  invoking_VBG  any_DD  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  ,_,  no_RR  less_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  that_PNQS consists_VBZ  either_LE  in_IO  getting_VBG  or_CC  in_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  that_DD1  object_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  account_NN  is_VBZ  intelligible_JJ  that_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  refer_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  desired_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  supposition_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  desiring_NN  or_CC  wanting_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Humean_JJ  cause_NN  ,_,  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  internal_JJ  tension_NN  or_CC  uneasiness_NN  ,_,  involves_VBZ  the_AT1  following_JJ  contradiction_NN  :_:  
  as_IO  Humean_JJ  cause_NN  or_CC  internal_JJ  impression_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  describable_JJ  without_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR    object_NN  desired_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  or_CC  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  thing_NN  desired_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  as_IO  desire_NN  this_DD1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  .  
  any_DD  description_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  involves_VBZ  a_AT1  logically_RR  necessary_JJ  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  desired_VBN  .  
  no_AT1  internal_JJ  impression_NN  could_VM  possibly_RR  have_VH0  this_DD1  logical_JJ  property_NN  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  desire_NN  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  internal_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  this_DD1  contradiction_NN  comes_VBZ  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  familiar_JJ  accounts_NNS  of_IO  wanting_NN  .  
  wanting_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  identified_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  internal_JJ  mental_JJ  event_NN    a_AT1  felt_JJ  tension_NN  or_CC  uneasiness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_IO  internal_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  mental_JJ  or_CC  physiological_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  intrinsic_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  event_NN  that_PNQS reveals_VBZ  its_APP$  connection_NN  with_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  ;_;  yet_RR  as_IO  desire_NN  the_AT1  very_DA  characterization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  involves_VBZ  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  desired_VBN  .  
  hence_RR  Hobbes'_PPIO2  interesting_JJ  remark_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  intimate_JJ  relation_NN  between_IO  names_NNS  applied_VBN  to_IO  desires_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  objects_NNS  of_IO  desire_NN  .  
  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  then_RL  say_VV0  with_IO  \0G_NP  \0F_NP  Stout_NP  that_CS    desire_NN  and_CC  aversion_NN  ,_,  endeavour_NN  to_IO  and_CC  endeavour_NN  from_IO  ,_,  are_VBR  modes_NNS  of_IO  attention_NN    .  
  certainly_RR  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  endeavour_NN  to_IO  x_ZZ1  ,_,  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  attention_NN  to_IO  x_ZZ1  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  internal_JJ  event_NN  that_PNQS causes_VBZ  or_CC  produces_VBZ  an_AT1  endeavour_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  in_IO  question_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  self-contradictory_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  desire_NN  is_VBZ  both_DB2  cause_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  attention_NN  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  cause_NN  produces_VBZ  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  so_PN1  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  Prichard_NP  to_TO  say_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  so-called_JB  acts_NNS  of_IO  volition_NN  that_CS  such_DA  acts_NNS  are_VBR  causes_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  involve_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  produce_VV0  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  desire_NN  just_RR  is_VBZ  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  desire_NN  without_IO  endeavour_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  without_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  thing_NN  desired_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  putting_VBG  this_DD1  aside_RP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  endeavour_NN  ,_,  mental_JJ  or_CC  physiological_JJ  ,_,  involves_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  towards_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  is_VBZ  directed_VBN    endeavour_NN  being_VBG  necessarily_RR  endeavour_NN  to_IO  something_PN1  ,_,  just_RR  as_CS  a_AT1  desire_NN  is_VBZ  necessarily_RR  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  causal_JJ  factor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  that_PNQS issue_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  getting_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  ,_,  since_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  it_PPH1  without_IO  referring_VBG  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  to_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  in_IO  or_CC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  thing_NN  in_IO  question_NN  towards_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  is_VBZ  directed_VBN  .  
  Hobbes_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  present-day_JB  followers_NNS  who_PNQS speak_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  endeavours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  or_CC  of_IO  physiological_JJ  drives_NNS  are_VBR  similarly_RR  involved_VBN  in_IO  contradiction_NN  .  
  physiological_JJ  occurrences_NNS  are_VBR  blind_JJ  ;_;  as_IO  such_DA  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  without_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  including_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  wanted_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  objective_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  .  
  as_IO  drives_NNS  ,_,  endeavours_NNS  or_CC  desires_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  such_DA  logical_JJ  divorce_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  modern_JJ  picture_NN  from_IO  Hobbes_NP  on_RP  down_RP  ,_,  of_IO  wanting_NN  or_CC  desiring_NN  as_IO  interior_JJ  events_NNS  that_PNQS operate_VV0  in_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  causal_JJ  mechanism_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  or_CC  body_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  disastrous_JJ  muddle_NN  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  concerned_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  logical_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  desire_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  else_RR  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  is_VBZ  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  other_DA  important_JJ  features_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  desiring_NN  or_CC  wanting_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  modern_JJ  picture_NN  simply_RR  can_VM  not_XX  accommodate_VV0  and_CC  which_DDQ  therefore_RR  spell_VV0  disaster_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  this_DD1  discussion_NN  by_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  truism_NN  that_CS  because_CS  one_MC1  wants_VBZ  or_CC  desires_VBZ  one_MC1  does_VBZ  ;_;  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  we_PPIS2  explain_VV0  conduct_NN  by_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  ,_,  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  what_DDQ  agents_NNS  want_VV0  or_CC  desire_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  desiring_NN  is_VBZ  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  interior_JJ  event_NN  that_PNQS functions_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  causal_JJ  condition_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  such_DA  explanation_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  .  
  desiring_NN  ,_,  on_IO  this_DD1  modern_JJ  view_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  causal_JJ  factor_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  itch_NN  ,_,  twitch_NN  ,_,  internal_JJ  impression_NN  ,_,  tension_NN  or_CC  physiological_JJ  occurrence_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  supposing_VBG  that_CS  these_DD2  are_VBR  causal_JJ  factors_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  give_VV0  rise_NN  only_RR  to_IO  other_DA  occurrences_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  action_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  no_AT1  mere_JB  matter_NN  of_IO  bodily_JJ  happening_NN  .  
  grant_VV0  then_RL  that_CS  wanting_NN  or_CC  desiring_NN  explains_VBZ  the_AT1  bodily_JJ  movements_NNS  that_PNQS take_VV0  place_NN  when_CS a_AT1  person_NN  does_VBZ  anything_PN1  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  raises_VBZ  his_APP$  arm_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  signal_VV0  ;_;  as_IO  internal_JJ  occurrence_NN  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  explains_VBZ  ,_,  at_RR  best_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  that_PNQS occurs_VBZ  when_CS the_AT1  person_NN  raises_VBZ  his_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  action_NN  he_PPHO1  performs_VBZ  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  describe_VV0  as_CS    raising_VBG  his_APP$  arm_NN    or_CC  ,_,  further_RR  ,_,  as_CS    signalling_VBG    .  
  a_AT1  gap_NN  then_RL  appears_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  alleged_JJ  explanation_NN  ,_,  between_IO  bodily_JJ  occurrence_NN  and_CC  action_NN  performed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  purported_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  conduct_NN  turns_VBZ  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  .  
  but_CCB  like_IO  many_DA  another_DD1  gap_NN  that_PNQS appears_VBZ  in_IO  philosophy_NN  (_(  here_RL  readers_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  reminded_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  gap_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  moral_JJ  philosophers_NNS  are_VBR  plagued_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1    is_NC2    and_CC  the_AT1    ought_NC2    ,_,  between_IO  matters_NNS  of_IO  fact_NN  and_CC  matters_NNS  of_IO  morality_NN  ,_,  between_IO  description_NN  and_CC  evaluation_NN  )_)  ,_,  this_DD1  one_MC1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  confusion_NN  .  
  specifically_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  recognize_VV0  the_AT1  logical_JJ  relation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  wanting_NN  or_CC  desiring_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  of_IO  action_NN  ,_,  including_VBG  the_AT1  logical_JJ  scaffolding_NN  that_PNQS gives_VBZ  the_AT1  latter_DA  term_NN  its_APP$  import_NN  or_CC  use_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  language_NN  .  
  earlier_RRR  I_PPIS1  contended_VVD  that_CS  by_IO  no_AT1  logical_JJ  alchemy_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  good_JJ  the_AT1  claim_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  action_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  plus_IO  some_DD  other_DA  concurrent_JJ  factor_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  ,_,  for_IO  argument's_NN1$  sake_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  as_IO  concurrent_JJ  factor_NN  ,_,  wanting_NN  or_CC  desiring_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  latter_DA  can_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  independently_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  explain_VV0  A_ZZ1  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  B_ZZ1  and_CC  C_ZZ1  ,_,  our_APP$  explanation_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  circularity_NN  ,_,  presupposes_VBZ  that_CS  C_ZZ1  can_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  without_IO  invoking_VBG  A_ZZ1  .  
  so_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  arm_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  understood_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  incurred_VBN  in_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  arm_NN  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  understand_VV0  the_AT1  desire_NN  without_IO  invoking_VBG  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  action_NN  .  
  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  desire_NN  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  one's_$  arm_NN  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  circular_JJ  to_TO  define_VV0  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  one's_$  arm_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  one's_$  arm_NN  .  
  but_CCB  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  to_TO  define_VV0  action_NN  as_IO  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  or_CC  happening_NN  plus_IO  desire_NN  .  
  only_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  understand_VV0  what_DDQ  a_AT1  desire_NN  is_VBZ  without_IO  invoking_VBG  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  action_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  this_DD1  possible_JJ  .  
  only_RR  if_CS  in_IO  our_APP$  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  of_IO  raising_VBG  one's_$  arm_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  invoke_VV0  any_DD  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  notify_VV0  others_DA2  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  about_RP  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  turn_NN  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  only_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  on_RP  to_TO  explain_VV0  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  together_RR  with_IO  some_DD  feature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  involve_VV0  a_AT1  reference_NN  to_IO  doing_VBG  at_IO  all_DB    in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  would_VM  then_RL  be_VB0    reduced_VBN    to_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  occurrence_NN  called_VBN    a_AT1  desire_NN    having_VHG  a_AT1  feature_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  described_VBN  without_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  any_DD  doing_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  now_RL  what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  called_VBN  a_AT1    desire_NN    could_VM  this_DD1  possibly_RR  be_VB0  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  one_MC1  suggestion_NN  :_:  the_AT1  desire_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  food_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  will_VM  get_VV0  if_CS  such-and-such_DA  things_NNS  take_VV0  place_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   then_RL  see_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO    explain_VV0    the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  example_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  then_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  situation_NN  :_:  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  hungry_JJ  ;_;  food_NN  is_VBZ  around_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  ,_,  so_CS  one_MC1  notifies_VBZ  others_DA2  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  about_RP  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  turn_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  get_VV0  food_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  desires_VBZ  to_TO  notify_VV0  others_DA2  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  about_RP  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  turn_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  desires_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  get_VV0  the_AT1  food_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  desires_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  these_DD2  things_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  explained_VBN  or_CC  elucidated_VBN  simply_RR  and_CC  solely_RR  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  occurrence_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  food_NN  .  
  on_IO  this_DD1  suggestion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  desiring_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  elucidated_VBN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  logically_RR  prior_JJ  notion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  .  
  here_RL  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  not_XX  dwell_VV0  further_RRR  upon_IO  the_AT1  now_RL  obvious_JJ  and_CC  fatal_JJ  objection_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  identification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  with_IO  some_DD  internal_JJ  occurrence_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  objection_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  decisive_JJ  in_IO  refuting_VBG  the_AT1  contention_NN  that_CS  an_AT1  action_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  dual_JJ  occurrence_NN  of_IO  bodily_JJ  movement_NN  and_CC  internal_JJ  event_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  examine_VV0  now_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  contention_NN  that_CS  desires_NNS  for_IO  something_PN1  are_VBR  somehow_RR  logically_RR  more_RG  primitive_JJ  or_CC  basic_JJ  than_IO  desires_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  without_IO  invoking_VBG  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  action_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  questions_NNS  here_RL  :_:  first_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  want_VV0  or_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  without_IO  wanting_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  and_CC  secondly_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  may_VM  have_VH0  what_DDQ  one_MC1  wants_VBZ  but_CCB  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  consider_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  question_NN  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  food_NN  but_CCB  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  that_DD1  surely_RR  is_VBZ  intelligible_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  be_VB0  unable_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  when_CS ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  tied_VBN  and_CC  gagged_VBN  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  may_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  because_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  fasting_VBG    doctor's_NN1$  orders_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  may_VM  want_VV0  this_DD1  food_NN  before_IO  me_PPIO1  but_CCB  since_CS  it_PPH1  disagrees_VBZ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  can_VM  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  this_DD1  food_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  much_DA  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  food_NN  is_VBZ  on_IO  display_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  by_IO  stealing_NN  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  steal_VV0    least_RBT  of_IO  all_DB  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  by_IO  stealing_VBG    let_VV0  it_PPH1  be_VB0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  refrain_VV0  from_IO  doing_VBG  anything_PN1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  stealing_VBG  .  
  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  follow_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  food_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  not_XX  ,_,  since_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  did_VDD  follow_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  logically_RR  impossible_JJ  for_IO  anyone_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  tempted_VBN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  something_PN1  despite_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  by_IO  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  doing_VBG  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  thing_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  some_DD  difficulty_NN  in_IO  refraining_VBG  from_IO  getting_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  that_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  .  
  nor_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  wants_VBZ  to_TO  get_VV0  food_NN  ,_,  where_CS getting_VBG  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  stealing_VBG  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  tempted_VBN  to_TO  steal_VV0  .  
    temptation_NC2    is_VBZ  a_AT1  strong_JJ  term_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  tempted_VBN  feels_VBZ  the_AT1  urge_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  aversion_NN  and_CC  must_VM  resist_VV0  it_PPH1  ;_;  but_CCB  a_AT1  man_NN  may_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  something_PN1  but_CCB  remain_VV0  steadfastly_RR  in_IO  control_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  desire_NN  and_CC  feel_VV0  no_AT1  temptation_NN  .  
  now_RL  one_MC1  way_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  complete_JJ  self-control_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  losing_VBG  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  in_IO  question_NN    this_DD1  in_IO  fact_NN  is_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS wants_VBZ  to_TO  lose_VV0  the_AT1  urge_NN  for_IO  smoking_NN  succeeds_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  may_VM  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS wants_VBZ  food_NN  ,_,  continue_VV0  to_TO  want_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  yet_RR  remain_VV0  free_JJ  from_IO  temptation_NN  .  
  if_CS  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  deny_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  wants_VBZ  the_AT1  food_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  recognize_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  particular_JJ  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  person_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  doing_VBG  not_XX  one_MC1  thing_NN    getting_VBG  the_AT1  food_NN    but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  things_NNS  :_:  not_XX  only_RR  would_VM  he_PPHO1  be_VB0  getting_VBG  the_AT1  food_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  doing_VBG  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  stealing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  solution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dilemma_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  successful_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  coke_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  smelting_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  ore_NN  (_(  coal_NN  had_VHD  long_RR  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  further_JB  working_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pig_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  Belgium_NP  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  first_RR  done_VBN  in_IO  1823_MC  at_IO  Seraing_NP  .  
  almost_RR  simultaneously_RR  another_DD1  British_JJ  invention_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  importance_NN  made_VVD  its_APP$  first_MD  appearance_NN  .  
  this_DD1  occurred_VBN  in_IO  1821_MC  when_CS Michael_NP  Orban_NP  built_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  Belgian_JJ  puddling_JJ  furnace_NN  at_IO  Grivegne*?2e_NP  .  
  puddled_JJ  iron_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  were_VBDR  vital_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  engineering_NN  industries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  techniques_NNS  spread_VVD  rapidly_RR  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  thirties_MC2  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  than_IO  twenty_MC  coke-fired_JJ  blast_NN  furnaces_NNS  in_IO  operation_NN  .  
  their_APP$  success_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  easier_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  coalfields_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  Hainaut_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  already_RR  producing_VBG  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  other_DA  continental_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  long_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  economic_JJ  importance_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  outcrop_NN  areas_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  use_NN  for_IO  many_DA  centuries_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  coal_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  ,_,  technological_JJ  change_NN  was_VBDZ  rapid_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  single_JJ  advance_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  harnessing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  steam-engine_NN  to_TO  raise_VV0  coal_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pit_NN  bottom_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  this_DD1  took_VVD  place_NN  first_RR  at_IO  Bois-du-Luc_NP  in_IO  Hainaut_NP  in_IO  1807_MC  :_:  four_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  Michel_NP  Orban_NP  brought_VVD  the_AT1  system_NN  to_IO  Lie*?3ge_NP  province_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  installed_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  winding_NN  gear_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  Plomterie_NP  colliery_NN  (_(  in_IO  both_DB2  areas_NNS  steam_NN  drainage_NN  of_IO  water_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  ,_,  initially_RR  with_IO  Newcomen_NP  engines_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  long_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  commonplace_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  ventilation_NN  of_IO  pits_NNS  was_VBDZ  improved_VBN  .  
  their_APP$  safety_NN  was_VBDZ  enhanced_VBN  by_IO  developments_NNS  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Davy_NP  safety-lamp_NN  (_(  again_RR  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  Orban's_PPIO2  initiative_NN  at_IO  Plomterie_NP  )_)  in_IO  1817_MC  .  
  Joseph_NP  Chaudron_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  cuvelage_&FW  en_&FW  fer_&FW  found_VVD  a_AT1  better_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  strengthening_VBG  mining_NN  shafts_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  revetment_NN  of_IO  iron_NN  .  
  the_AT1  production_NN  of_IO  coal_NN  grew_VVD  rapidly_RR  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  decade_NN  1831-40_MC-MC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  averaging_VBG  2,917,000_MC  tons_NNS  per_IO  annum_NN  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  decade_NN  the_AT1  annual_JJ  output_NN  was_VBDZ  4,815,000_MC  tons_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  group_NN  of_IO  able_JJ  and_CC  determined_JJ  men_NNS  was_VBDZ  rapidly_RR  transforming_VBG  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN    the_AT1  Orbans_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Bauwens_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Hudsons_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Lelie*?3vres_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  above_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  Cockerill_NP  dynasty_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  history_NN  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  epitome_NN  of_IO  Belgian_JJ  industrial_JJ  growth_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  is_VBZ  worth_IO  sketching_VBG  .  
  continental_JJ  industrial_JJ  advance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  decades_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  absorbing_VBG  the_AT1  lessons_NNS  afforded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  example_NN  .  
  frequently_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1  who_PNQS taught_VVD  the_AT1  lesson_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ironical_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  whose_PNQV$  family_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  do_VD0  more_DA  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  to_TO  give_VV0  Belgium_NP  the_AT1  lead_NN  for_IO  many_DA  decades_NNS  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  found_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  work_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  ultimately_RR  to_TO  advance_VV0  further_RRR  and_CC  faster_RRR  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  industrial_JJ  achievement_NN  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  continental_JJ  state_NN  .  
  William_NP  Cockerill_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  founder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Verviers_NP  firm_NN  of_IO  Simonis_NP  et_&FW  Biolley_NP  in_IO  Hamburg_NP  in_IO  1798_MC  .  
  within_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  producing_VBG  textile_NN  machinery_NN  .  
  in_IO  1802_MC  his_APP$  two_MC  sons_NNS  ,_,  James_NP  and_CC  John_NP  ,_,  built_VVD  their_APP$  own_DA  textile_NN  machinery_NN  factory_NN  in_IO  Lie*?3ge_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  immensely_RR  successful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  decade_NN  later_RRR  in_IO  1812_MC  was_VBDZ  producing_VBG  spinning_JJ  and_CC  carding_JJ  machines_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  several_DA  hundreds_MC2  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Cockerill_NP  interests_NNS  expanded_VVD  rapidly_RR  .  
  an_AT1  important_JJ  stage_NN  was_VBDZ  reached_VBN  in_IO  1817_MC  when_CS their_APP$  Seraing_NP  iron-works_NNS  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  :_:  an_AT1  old_JJ  episcopal_JJ  palace_NN  was_VBDZ  converted_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  machine_NN  shop_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  steam-engines_NNS  .  
  in_IO  1823_MC  James_NP  retired_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  firm_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  over_RP  his_APP$  share_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  remarkable_JJ  brother_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  significant_JJ  year_NN  for_IO  John_NP  in_IO  another_DD1  direction_NN  also_RR  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  that_CS  he_PPHO1  disproved_VVD  the_AT1  belief_NN  ,_,  general_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Belgian_JJ  coal_NN  would_VM  not_XX  coke_VV0  satisfactorily_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  supervised_VVD  the_AT1  installation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  coke-fed_JJ  blast_NN  furnace_NN  in_IO  Belgium_NP  at_IO  Seraing_NP  .  
  this_DD1  plant_NN  was_VBDZ  capable_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  daily_JJ  output_NN  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  ten_MC  tons_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  more_DA  than_CS  most_DA  charcoal_NN  furnaces_NNS  could_VM  manage_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  by_IO  1829_MC  the_AT1  Lie*?3ge_NP  district_NN  was_VBDZ  producing_VBG  over_RR  7,000_MC  tons_NNS  of_IO  pig-iron_NN  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  chiefly_RR  at_IO  Seraing_NP  .  
  in_IO  1835_MC  the_AT1  first_MD  continental-built_JJ  railway_NN  locomotive_NN  was_VBDZ  constructed_VBN  there_RL  .  
  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  Cockerill's_PPIO2  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  technical_JJ  excellence_NN  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  introduce_VV0  the_AT1  hot-blast_JB  system_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  Seraing_NP  plant_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS Neilson's_PPIO2  invention_NN  was_VBDZ  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  decade_NN  old_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  still_RR  little_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  outside_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  in_IO  1840_MC  shortly_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Cockerill_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  Seraing_NP  works_NNS  alone_RR  employed_VVD  2,000_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  reckoned_VBN  the_AT1  largest_JJT  in_IO  Europe_NP  (_(  eight_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  Krupp_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  colossus_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  employed_VVD  only_RR  70_MC  men_NNS  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  described_VBN  by_IO  Schnabel_NP  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD    truly_RR  princely_JJ  businessman_NN  since_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Fugger_NP    ,_,  travelled_VVD  constantly_RR  to_TO  foster_VV0  his_APP$  interests_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  extended_VVD  over_IO  most_DA  of_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  .  
  his_APP$  range_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  ,_,  knowledge_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  were_VBDR  invaluable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  metal_NN  ,_,  engineering_NN  and_CC  textile_NN  industries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  developments_NNS  of_IO  coalfield_NN  industry_NN  had_VHD  revolutionized_VBN  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  production_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  industries_NNS  and_CC  lowered_VBN  unit_NN  costs_NNS  of_IO  production_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easily_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  exaggerate_VV0  the_AT1  degree_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  country_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  coalfields_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  sway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  coal_NN  age_NN  .  
  older_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  production_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  entirely_RR  replaced_VBN  even_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  industries_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  most_RBT  changed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  even_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  industry_NN  .  
  in_IO  1838_MC  sixty-six_MC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  eighty-nine_MC  blast_NN  furnaces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  were_VBDR  still_RR  charcoal_NN  fed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  fifties_MC2  that_CS  the_AT1  Semois_NP  iron_NN  industry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  Ardennes_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  entirely_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  charcoal_NN  ,_,  fell_VVD  into_IO  decline_NN  ,_,  although_CS  its_APP$  annual_JJ  capacity_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  never_RR  much_RR  exceeded_VVD  10,000_MC  tons_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  been_VBN  far_RR  outdistanced_VBN  by_IO  Seraing_NP  .  
  the_AT1  implications_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  age_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  Belgium_NP  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  positive_JJ  achievements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  age_NN    the_AT1  great_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  coalfield_NN  industry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  exciting_JJ  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  developing_JJ  railways_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  equally_RR  strikingly_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  negative_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  1840s_MC2  the_AT1  largest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  traditional_JJ  industries_NNS  of_IO  Belgium_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  linen_NN  industry_NN  of_IO  Flanders_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  in_IO  crisis_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fatal_JJ  one_MC1  as_CS  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  Flemish_JJ  spinsters_NNS  could_VM  not_XX  compete_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  machine-made_JJ  thread_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  mills_NNS  .  
  since_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  estimated_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  280,000_MC  spinsters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  linen_NN  industry_NN  in_IO  1840_MC  (_(  often_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  only_RR  partly_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  their_APP$  spinning_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  livelihood_NN  )_)  the_AT1  negative_JJ  side_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  keenly_RR  felt_VBN  and_CC  widely_RR  recognized_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  positive_JJ  side_NN  represented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cockerills_NP2  and_CC  their_APP$  rivals_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  whip_NN  to_TO  goad_VV0  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  carrot_NN  to_TO  entice_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  industrial_JJ  life_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  spreading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  from_IO  England_NP  affected_VVD  Belgium_NP  a_RR  little_RR  earlier_RRR  than_IO  other_DA  countries_NNS  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  Austrasian_JJ  field_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  two_MC  Belgian_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  Hainaut_NP  and_CC  Lie*?3ge_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  first_MD  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  two_MC  key_JB  advances_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  age_NN  extensively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  coke-fired_JJ  blast_NN  furnace_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  steam-engine_NN  were_VBDR  commonplaces_NNS  there_RL  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  rare_JJ  in_IO  Nord_NP  and_CC  almost_RR  unknown_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Ruhr_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  natural_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Belgian_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  Belgian_JJ  money_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  the_AT1  lead_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  even_RR  in_IO  French_JJ  and_CC  German_JJ  areas_NNS  .  
  capital_NN  ,_,  technical_JJ  expertise_NN  and_CC  entrepreneurs_NNS  proved_VVD  quite_RR  footloose_JJ  within_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  formative_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  seeking_VBG  employment_NN  always_RR  where_CS the_AT1  expectation_NN  of_IO  profit_NN  was_VBDZ  greatest_JJT  .  
  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  chapters_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  first_MD  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  national_JJ  boundaries_NNS  were_VBDR  seldom_RR  of_IO  great_JJ  consequence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worthwhile_JJ  considering_VBG  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  Belgian_JJ  participation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  areas_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Austrasian_JJ  field_NN  outside_IO  Belgium_NP  before_IO  considering_VBG  Nord_NP  ,_,  Aachen_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Ruhr_NP  separately_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Nord_NP  .  
  between_IO  Nord_NP  and_CC  Hainaut_NP  there_EX  had_VHD  long_RR  been_VBN  close_JJ  ties_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Mons_NP  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hainaut_NP  coalfield_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  occupied_VBN  by_IO  France_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  succession_NN  from_IO  1701_MC  to_IO  1709_MC  ,_,  and_CC  during_IO  this_DD1  short_JJ  time_NN  French_JJ  capital_NN  gained_VVD  a_AT1  foothold_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coal_NN  industry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  which_DDQ  proved_VVD  long_RR  lasting_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  industry_NN  of_IO  Nord_NP  became_VVD  heavily_RR  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  coal_NN  drawn_VBN  from_IO  this_DD1  source_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  remained_VVD  so_PN1  to_IO  a_AT1  lesser_JJ  and_CC  declining_JJ  extent_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  recognition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  dependence_NN  combined_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  duties_NNS  on_IO  Belgian_JJ  coal_NN  which_DDQ  prompted_VVD  a_AT1  persistent_JJ  search_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  coal_NN  in_IO  Nord_NP  itself_PPX1  (_(  when_CS this_DD1  search_NN  culminated_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  success_NN  at_IO  Anzin_NP  in_IO  1734_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  vicomte_NN  de_&FW  Desandrouin_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  tenacity_NN  under_IO  disappointment_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  ,_,  imported_VVD  200_MC  Belgian_JJ  miners_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  families_NNS  from_IO  Charleroi_NP  to_TO  help_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  new_JJ  pits_NNS  into_IO  production_NN  )_)  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  production_NN  ,_,  Nord's_PPIO2  dependence_NN  on_IO  Belgian_JJ  coal_NN  remained_VVD  considerable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  weakness_NN  and_CC  distress_NN  in_IO  troubled_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  revolutionary_JJ  wars_NNS  an_AT1  Austrian_JJ  threat_NN  to_TO  cut_VV0  off_RP  supplies_NNS  of_IO  coal_NN  to_IO  Nord_NP  caused_VVD  consternation_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  feared_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0    their_APP$  commerce_NN  and_CC  manufactures_NNS  completely_RR  destroyed_VBN  by_IO  competition_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  interruption_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  Austrian_JJ  coal_NN    .  
  Nord_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  Belgium_NP  for_IO  pig-iron_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  metal_NN  industries_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  coal_NN  ,_,  even_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  obsolescence_NN  of_IO  charcoal_NN  smelting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pays_&FW  de_&FW  Lie*?3ge_&FW  supplied_VVD  the_AT1  great_JJ  bulk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Maubeuge_NP  and_CC  Valenciennes_NP  areas_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  chief_JB  groups_NNS  of_IO  metal-using_JJ  communes_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  two_MC  blast_NN  furnaces_NNS  in_IO  Nord_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  revolution_NN  ,_,  at_IO  Hayon_NP  and_CC  Fourmies_NP  :_:  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  that_CS  these_DD2  were_VBDR  preserved_VBN  from_IO  unsuccessful_JJ  competition_NN  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  tariff_NN  on_IO  Belgian_JJ  iron_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  French_JJ  dependence_NN  physically_RR  upon_IO  Belgian_JJ  materials_NNS  was_VBDZ  very_RG  marked_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  industries_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  Belgian_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  money_NN  were_VBDR  of_IO  little_DA  importance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  clear-cut_JJ  technological_JJ  lead_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  century_NN  brought_VVD  no_AT1  immediate_JJ  change_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  the_AT1  second_MD  period_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  occupation_NN  of_IO  Belgian_JJ  soil_NN  served_VVD  only_RR  to_TO  accentuate_VV0  the_AT1  existing_JJ  pattern_NN  .  
  in_IO  1814_MC  the_AT1  completion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Mons-Conde*?2_NP  canal_NN  increased_VVD  the_AT1  ease_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  Mons_NP  coal_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  Nord_NP  (_(  ten_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Saint-Quentin_NP  canal_NN  allowed_VVD  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  Mons_NP  coal_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  cheap_JJ  water_NN  route_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  market_NN  )_)  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  years_NNS  passed_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  Belgium_NP  did_VDD  more_DA  than_CS  supply_VV0  coal_NN  and_CC  raw_JJ  pig_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  industry_NN  :_:  Belgian_JJ  firms_NNS  took_VVD  a_AT1  leading_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  modern_JJ  works_NNS  in_IO  Nord_NP  .  
  in_IO  1849_MC  the_AT1  largest_JJT  metal_NN  works_NN  in_IO  Nord_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  \0S_NP  \0A_NP  Hauts-fourneaux_&FW  ,_,  forges_&FW  et_&FW  laminoirs_&FW  de_&FW  Hautmont_&FW  ,_,  near_IO  Maubeuge_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  built_VBN  in_IO  1842_MC  ,_,  and_CC  employed_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  400_MC  workers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  several_DA  Belgian_JJ  metal_NN  firms_NNS  which_DDQ  became_VVD  established_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Maubeuge_NP  area_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  forties_MC2  and_CC  fifties_MC2  to_TO  gain_VV0  access_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Victor_NP  Dupont_NP  at_IO  Sous-le-Bois_NP  to_TO  avoid_VV0  labour_NN  difficulties_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  Maubeuge_NP  lay_VVD  less_DA  than_IO  thirty_MC  miles_NNS  up_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sambre_NP  from_IO  Charleroi_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  largest_JJT  centres_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  iron_NN  industry_NN  .  
  its_APP$  metal_NN  industries_NNS  were_VBDR  an_AT1  extension_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  frontier_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  industries_NNS  of_IO  Charleroi_NP  :_:  its_APP$  economic_JJ  life_NN  was_VBDZ  orientated_VBN  to_IO  Charleroi_NP  .  
  the_AT1  penetration_NN  of_IO  Belgian_JJ  industry_NN  and_CC  entrepreneurs_NNS  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  very_RG  understandable_JJ  .  
  Belgian_JJ  influence_NN  extended_VVD  further_RR  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  Belgian_JJ  metal_NN  venture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Valenciennes_NP  metal_NN  region_NN    the_AT1  rolling_JJ  mills_NNS  at_IO  Blanc-Misseron_NP  :_:  and_CC  Belgian_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  Nord's_PPIO2  most_RG  important_JJ  industry_NN  ,_,  textiles_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  .  
  Belgian_JJ  capital_NN  and_CC  personnel_NNS  were_VBDR  seldom_RR  directly_RR  concerned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  industry_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  Belgian_JJ  textile_NN  machinery_NN  found_VVD  a_AT1  ready_JJ  market_NN  in_IO  Nord_NP  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  Cockerill_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  stimulus_NN  .  
  Mahaim_NP  ,_,  after_IO  describing_VBG  the_AT1  early_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Cockerill_NP  plant_NN  in_IO  Lie*?3ge_NP  ,_,  added_VVD  ,_,  
    then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  astonishing_JJ  rapidity_NN  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slowness_NN  of_IO  communications_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  clothing_NN  centres_NNS  of_IO  northern_JJ  France_NP  took_VVD  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  re-equipment_NN  .  
  once_CS  Cockerill_NP  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  at_IO  Lie*?3ge_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  cliente*?3le_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  France_NP  .    
  while_CS  Belgian_JJ  influence_NN  in_IO  Nord_NP  was_VBDZ  considerable_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  less_RG  marked_JJ  here_RL  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Austrasian_JJ  field_NN  which_DDQ  lay_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  .  
  although_CS  Belgian_JJ  coal_NN  and_CC  coke_NN  was_VBDZ  indispensable_JJ  to_IO  Nord_NP  ;_;  Belgian_JJ  firms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  van_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  industry_NN  ;_;  and_CC  Belgian_JJ  technological_JJ  leadership_NN  often_RR  apparent_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  textiles_NNS  ,_,  French_JJ  capital_NN  and_CC  industry_NN  could_VM  show_VV0  reason_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  claim_NN  to_IO  near_JJ  equality_NN  .  
  in_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  part_NN  played_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  provocative_JJ  post-war_JB  striking_NN  ,_,  openly_RR  aimed_VBN  at_IO  factory-expropriation_NN  ,_,  in_IO  bringing_VBG  adherents_NNS  and_CC  factory-_JB  and_CC  landowner-subscriptions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  fascists_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  often_RR  ignored_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  story_NN  only_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  inexplicable_JJ  lorry-forays_NNS  against_IO  red_JJ  centres_NNS  ,_,  already_RR  in_IO  1921_MC  rising_VBG  to_IO  anarchic_JJ  heights_NNS  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  governing_JJ  classes_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  pay_VV0  dearly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  mingled_JJ  cynicism_NN  and_CC  cowardice_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  finally_RR  allowed_VVD  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  of_IO  state_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  leaders_NNS  and_CC  organizers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  huge_JJ  bands_NNS  of_IO  street-fighters_NNS  at_IO  whose_PNQV$  illegalities_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  winked_VBN  so_RG  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  destined_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_CS  ,_,  before_IO  long_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  growing_JJ  apprehensions_NNS  among_IO  the_AT1    advanced_JJ    as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  Mussolini's_PPIO2  success_NN  would_VM  not_XX  attract_VV0  power-hungry_JJ  imitators_NNS  in_IO  every_AT1  land_NN  .  
  in_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ambitions_NNS  of_IO  Adolf_NP  Hitler_NP  were_VBDR  certainly_RR  stimulated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  that_DD1  suffering_JJ  country_NN  there_EX  had_VHD  already_RR  been_VBN  such_DA  threatening_JJ  displays_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  frustrated_JJ  right_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  Kapp_NP  putsch_NN  of_IO  1920_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  Erzberger_NP  murder_NN  of_IO  1921_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Rathenau_NP  murder_NN  of_IO  1922_MC  .  
  the_AT1  attempted_JJ  Nazi_JJ  seizure_NN  of_IO  Bavaria_NP  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  in_IO  November_NN1  1923_MC  ,_,  enlisted_VVD  Ludendorff's_PPIO2  support_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  insignificant_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  daily_JJ  mail_NN  should_VM  publish_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  1923_MC  ,_,  its_APP$  own_DA  version_NN  of_IO  Italian_JJ  Fascismo's_PPIO2  history_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  publishing_NN  company_NN  should_VM  issue_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  different_JJ  account_NN  .  
  as_CS  September_NN1  1923_MC  had_VHD  seen_VBN  a_AT1  Spanish_JJ  army_NN  coup_NN  sweep_VV0  aside_RP  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  and_CC  institute_VV0  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  obvious_JJ  sign_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  displeasure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  authoritarian_JJ  re*?2gime_NN  of_IO  Primo_NP  de_&FW  Rivera_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  \0I.L.P.'s_PPIO2  urge_NN  to_TO  issue_VV0  Matteotti's_PPIO2  the_AT1  fascisti_&FW  exposed_VBN  ,_,  during_IO  1924_MC  ,_,  becomes_VBZ  more_RG  explicable_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  Matteotti's_PPIO2  murder_NN  in_IO  June_NN1  1924_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  worse_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  widely-resented_JB  scandal_NN  than_IO  any_DD  he_PPHO1  exposed_VVD  when_CS alive_JJ  ,_,  failed_VVD  ultimately_RR  to_TO  weaken_VV0  the_AT1  fascist_JJ  grip_NN  on_IO  Italy_NP  and_CC  may_VM  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  have_VH0  served_VBN  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  certainly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  third_MD  dictatorship_NN  appeared_VVD  when_CS General_NNSB1  Pangalos_NP  seized_VVD  control_NN  in_IO  Greece_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1925_MC  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  the_AT1  primary_JJ  danger_NN  to_IO  the_AT1    advanced_JJ    and_CC  to_IO  their_APP$  social_JJ  democracy_NN  .  
  Pangalos's_PPIO2  dictatorship_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  was_VBDZ  short_JJ  lived_JJ"  ,_,  and_CC  Primo_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Spain_NP  ,_,  never_RR  built_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  doubtless_RR  despised_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  Mussolini_NP  demagogy_NN  ,_,  complete_JJ  with_IO  fighting_JJ  street-rowdies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  some_DD  ominous_JJ  undertones_NNS  even_RR  in_IO  Britain_NP  and_CC  France_NP  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  Mussolini's_PPIO2  increasing_JJ  grip_NN  of_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  assumed_VBN  that_CS  democratic_JJ  prospects_NNS  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  mend_VV0  between_IO  1925_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  great_JJ    economic_JJ  blizzard_NN    which_DDQ  began_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  1929_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  when_CS German_JJ  unemployment_NN  began_VVD  rising_VBG  again_RR  catastrophically_RR  in_IO  1930_MC  that_CS  Hitler_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  denunciation_NN  of_IO  Jews_NP2  ,_,  Versailles_NP  ,_,  and_CC  traitors_NNS  ,_,  sold_VBN  to_IO  Moscow_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  entente_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  become_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  political_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  scented_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  chances_NNS  of_IO  establishing_VBG  an_AT1  altogether_RR  more_RG  formidable_JJ  dictatorship_NN  than_IO  Mussolini's_PPIO2  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  street-fighter_NN  apparatus_NN  which_DDQ  some_DD  German_JJ  capitalists_NNS  ,_,  fearful_JJ  of_IO  communism_NN  and_CC  Moscow_NP  ,_,  helped_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  perfect_VV0  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  assume_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  \0S.A_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0S.S_NP  ,_,  forms_NNS  destined_VBN  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  models_NNS  far_RR  behind_RP  .  
  already_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  of_IO  1932_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  possible_JJ  storm_NN  troopers'_NN2  transfer_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  harrying_NN  of_IO  communists_NNS  and_CC  Jews_NP2  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  to_IO  operations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Polish_JJ  and_CC  Czech_JJ  frontiers_NNS  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  taken_VBN  seriously_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  war_NN  department_NN  .  
  by_IO  1932_MC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  English_JJ  theorists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  speculating_VBG  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  on_IO  how_CS a_AT1  British_JJ  dictatorship_NN  threat_NN  might_VM  come_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  point_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  several_DA  times_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  1920s_MC2  Winston_NP  Churchill_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  cast_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Mussolini_NP  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  mockers_NNS  among_IO  them_PPHO1  who_PNQS claimed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  ruling_JJ  classes_NNS  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  meditate_VV0  the_AT1  risks_NNS  of_IO  calling_VBG  in_RP  fascism_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  allowed_VVD  itself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  run_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  power_NN  as_RG  tamely_RR  as_CS  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  case_NN  in_IO  1924_MC  and_CC  1931_MC  .  
  these_DD2  mockers_NNS  of_IO    gradualism_NN    were_VBDR  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  assuming_VBG  in_IO  advance_NN  that_CS  yet_RR  another_DD1    conspiracy_NN    would_VM  be_VB0  attempted_VBN  against_IO  any_DD  third_MD  labour_NN  government_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  possessed_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  majority_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  such_DA  a_AT1  government_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  entitled_VBN  to_TO  arm_VV0  itself_PPX1  with_IO  drastic_JJ  emergency_NN  powers_NNS  usable_JJ  against_IO  all_DB  manner_NN  of_IO    capitalist_JJ  sabotage_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  advocacy_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  certain_JJ  to_TO  lead_VV0  not_XX  merely_RR  to_IO  fascism_NN  but_CCB  to_IO  bloodshed_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  complete_JJ  antagonization_NN  of_IO  still_RR  important_JJ  radical_JJ  forces_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  it_PPH1  became_VVD  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  socialist_JJ  league_NN  led_VBN  by_IO  Stafford_NP  Cripps_NP  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  radicals_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  prophesied_VBN  that_CS  labour_NN  would_VM  itself_PPX1  breed_VV0  British_JJ  fascism's_NN1$  would-be_JB  leader_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  able_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  justification_NN  ,_,  to_TO  point_VV0  to_IO  Mussolini's_PPIO2  violent_JJ  socialist_JJ  past_NN  and_CC  to_IO  Hitler's_PPIO2  description_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  for_IO  as_IO  national_JJ  socialism_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  provided_VVD  an_AT1  additional_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  radicals_NNS  to_TO  refuse_VV0  absorption_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  labour_NN  movement_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  its_APP$  most_RG  discontented_JJ  wing_NN  ,_,  after_IO  1931_MC  ,_,  forming_VBG  Mosley's_PPIO2  new_JJ  party_NN  or_CC  entering_VBG  Cripps's_PPIO2  socialist_JJ  league_NN  or_CC  ,_,  finally_RR  ,_,  like_IO  John_NP  Strachey_NP  ,_,  preaching_VBG  a_AT1  break-away_NN  into_IO  Leninite_JJ  communism_NN  .  
  as_CS  Mosley_NP  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  become_VBN  a_AT1    man_NN  of_IO  destiny_NN    if_CS  Hitler's_PPIO2  success_NN  against_IO  Britain_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  greater_JJ  than_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  some_DD  remarks_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  strange_JJ  political_JJ  career_NN  between_IO  1918_MC  and_CC  1930_MC  are_VBR  justifiable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  heir_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  baronetcy_NN  and_CC  considerable_JJ  wealth_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  after_IO  some_DD  service_NN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  entered_VVD  the_AT1    coupon_NN  parliament_NN    at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  twenty-two_MC  and_CC  married_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Curzon's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  in_IO  1920_MC  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  before_IO  long_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  urge_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  mark_NN  had_VHD  led_VBN  him_PPHO1  on_RP  to_IO  activities_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  question_NN  which_DDQ  his_APP$  brother-conservatives_NNS  found_VVD  unpardonable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  as_IO  conservative_JJ  \0M.P_NNSB1  for_IO  Harrow_NP  between_IO  1918_MC  and_CC  1922_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  overcome_VV0  party_NN  resistance_NN  to_TO  retain_VV0  his_APP$  seat_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bonar_NP  Law_NP  parliament_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  independent_JJ  conservative_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  labour_NN  ministry_NN  in_IO  1924_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lending_VBG  labour_NN    independent_JJ    support_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  his_APP$  conversion_NN  .  
  thereafter_RR  he_PPHO1  fought_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  for_IO  Smethwick_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  socialist_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  admitted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  friendship_NN  and_CC  confidence_NN  of_IO  MacDonald_NP  and_CC  accompanied_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  continental_JJ  tour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  of_IO  1928_MC  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  MacDonald's_PPIO2  second_MD  government_NN  as_IO  Chancellor_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  Duchy_NNL1  of_IO  Lancaster_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  on_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Thomas's_PPIO2  committee_NN  for_IO  combating_VBG  unemployment_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  already_RR  those_DD2  who_PNQS predicted_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  succeed_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  leadership_NN  .  
  possibly_RR  his_APP$  ultimate_JJ  chances_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  no_RR  worse_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  resigned_VVD  in_IO  May_NN1  1930_MC  when_CS ,_,  despite_IO  growing_JJ  unemployment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  virtually_RR  all_DB  his_APP$  suggestions_NNS  ,_,  summarized_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  once-notorious_JB    Mosley_NP  memorandum_NN    ,_,  treated_VBN  as_CS  inadmissible_JJ  .  
  Mosley's_PPIO2  long_JJ  and_CC  pertinacious_JJ  struggle_NN  during_IO  many_DA  ensuing_JJ  months_NNS  to_TO  convert_VV0  the_AT1  leadership_NN  or_CC  force_VV0  its_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  with_IO  back-bench_JB  aid_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  some_DD  remarkable_JJ  features_NNS    particularly_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  Llandudno_NP  conference_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  1930_MC  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  labour_NN  party_NN  held_VBN  on_IO  January_NN1  27_MC  ,_,  1931_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  so_RG  near_II  to_IO  dividing_VBG  the_AT1  party_NN  dangerously_RR  between_IO    Mosleyites_NP2    and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  leadership_NN  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  defeating_VBG  him_PPHO1  and_CC  never_RR  more_RG  effectively_RR  than_CS  when_CS urging_VBG  ,_,  privately_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Mosley_NP  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  rich_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  ambition_NN  was_VBDZ  over-reaching_VBG  itself_PPX1  .  
  Mosley_NP  persisted_VVD  ,_,  until_IO  March_NN1  1931_MC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  create_VV0  an_AT1  action_NN  group_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  frown_NN  of_IO  official_JJ  disapproval_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  numbers_NNS  sank_VVD  from_IO  forty_MC  to_IO  twenty_MC  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  final_JJ  break_NN  came_VVD  ,_,  only_RR  six_MC  members_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  were_VBDR  available_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  foundation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  six_MC  included_VVD  Mosley_NP  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  Lady_NNSB1  Cynthia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  election_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  1931_MC  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  came_VVD  in_IO  circumstances_NNS  peculiarly_RR  unfavourable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  party_NN  which_DDQ  polled_VVD  badly_RR  and_CC  lost_VVD  all_DB  parliamentary_JJ  representation_NN  .  
  though_CS  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  fundamentally_RR  unexplained_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  party's_NN1$  evolution_NN  towards_IO  an_AT1  Anti-Semitic_JJ  fascism_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  impossible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  some_DD  guidance_NN  by_IO  checking_VBG  the_AT1  twenty-four_MC  constituencies_NNS  before_IO  whom_WPO  new_JJ  party_NN  candidates_NNS  placed_VVD  themselves_PPX2  .  
  Stepney_NP  and_CC  Whitechapel_NP  were_VBDR  two_MC  of_IO  those_DD2  constituencies_NNS  destined_VBN  ,_,  before_IO  long_RR  ,_,  to_TO  supply_VV0  a_AT1  steady_JJ  stream_NN  of_IO  blackshirt_NN  recruits_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  of_IO  metropolitan_JJ  fascism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  those_DD2  areas_NNS  had_VHD  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  generations_NNS  ,_,  heard_VBN  much_DA  complaint_NN  of_IO  Jewish_JJ  immigrants_NNS  ,_,  Jewish_JJ  employers_NNS  ,_,  Jewish_JJ  business_NN  methods_NNS  ,_,  Jewish_JJ  landlords_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  much_DA  else_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  only_RR  needed_VVD  reports_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  nazis_NNS  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  ,_,  especially_RR  after_CS  Hitler_NP  became_VVD  Chancellor_NNSB1  ,_,  for_IO  blackshirt_NN  contingents_NNS  to_TO  become_VV0  available_JJ  not_XX  merely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  End_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  Islington_NP  ,_,  Hackney_NP  ,_,  Stoke_NP  Newington_NP  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  quarters_NNS  of_IO  London_NP  where_CS there_EX  were_VBDR  prosperous_JJ  Jewish_JJ  businesses_NNS  and_CC  yet_RR  much_DA  native_JJ  unemployment_NN  and_CC  distress_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  very_DA  name_NN  blackshirt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  uniform_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  indication_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Mussolini_NP  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  Hitler_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  being_VBG  originally_RR  imitated_VBN  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  some_DD  of_IO  Mosley's_PPIO2  action_NN  associates_NNS  like_IO  Oliver_NP  Baldwin_NP  and_CC  John_NP  Strachey_NP  were_VBDR  shocked_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  break_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS they_PPHS2  first_RR  discovered_VVD  him_PPHO1  sanctioning_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  party's_NN1$  rooms_NNS  and_CC  meeting-places_NNS  ,_,  exercises_NNS  in_IO  physical_JJ  force_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  possible_JJ  defence_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  plea_NN  ,_,  that_CS  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  Mosley's_PPIO2  own_DA  meetings_NNS  were_VBDR  broken_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  dangerous_JJ  mobs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  in_IO  Birmingham_NP  and_CC  Glasgow_NP  police_NNS  protection_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  secured_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  the_AT1  fashion_NN  of_IO  communists_NNS  and_CC  fascists_NNS  to_TO  demand_VV0  complete_JJ  freedom_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  and_CC  assembly_NN  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  until_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  destroy_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  democratic_JJ    liberties_NNS    by_IO  force_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  radical_JJ  tradition_NN  of_IO  tolerance_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  extremest_JJT  views_NNS  is_VBZ  so_RG  strong_JJ  in_IO  Britain_NP  that_CS  matters_NNS  have_VH0  normally_RR  reached_VBN  a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  stage_NN  before_CS  any_DD  widespread_JJ  assent_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  for_IO    coercion_NN    .  
  and_CC  if_CS    reds_NNS    were_VBDR  still_RR  ,_,  in_IO  1934_MC  and_CC  1935_MC  ,_,  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  to_TO  experiment_VV0  unceasingly_RR  with_IO  organizing_VBG    unemployed_JJ  marches_NNS  and_CC  demonstrations_NNS    that_PNQS might_VM  become_VV0  something_PN1  more_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  case_NN  for_IO  exceptional_JJ  vigilance_NN  and_CC  severity_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  blackshirts_NNS  was_VBDZ  correspondingly_RR  weaker_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  by_IO  1934_MC  a_AT1  British_JJ  fascist_JJ  movement_NN  of_IO  some_DD  potential_JJ  strength_NN  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  being_VBG  reared_VBN  ,_,  already_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  attracting_VBG  support_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS feared_VVD    red_JJ    plans_NNS  and_CC  activities_NNS  and_CC  wanted_VVD  Britain_NP  rescued_VVD  ,_,  besides_II  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  depths_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  considered_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  ignoble_JJ  pacifism_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  radicalism_NN  and_CC  socialism_NN  had_VHD  brought_VBN  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  formidable_JJ  patron_NN  the_AT1  blackshirts_NNS  acquired_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  great_JJ  newspaper_NN  magnate_NN  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Rothermere_NP  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  finally_RR  shrank_VVD  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  stimulus_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  roar_NN  of_IO    progressive_JJ    indignation_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  odium_NN  of_IO  swallowing_VBG  virulent_JJ  Anti-Semitism_NN1  with_IO  his_APP$  Anti-Bolshevism_NN1  .  
  as_CS  Rothermere_NP  put_VVD  it_PPH1  himself_PPX1  :_:  *"_*'  
  I_PPIS1  refused_VVD  to_TO  give_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  ordinary_JJ  publicity_NN  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Oswald_NP  Mosley's_PPIO2  blackshirt_NN  movement_NN  the_AT1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  it_PPH1  had_VHD  an_AT1  anti-Jewish_JJ  bias_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  supported_VVD  it_PPH1  at_RR  first_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  promoting_VBG  a_AT1  right_JJ  wing_NN  appanage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservative_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  should_VM  form_VV0  a_AT1  counterblast_NN  to_IO  left_JJ  wing_NN  activities_NNS  .  
  Mosley's_PPIO2  correct_JJ  procedure_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  develop_VV0  a_AT1  youth_NN  movement_NN  inspired_VBN  by_IO  anti-Bolshevist_JJ  ideals_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  basing_VBG  himself_PPX1  on_IO  continental_JJ  models_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  obviously_RR  ,_,  would_VM  not_XX  appeal_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  British_JJ  mentality_NN  or_CC  temperament_NN  .  **"_**'  
  yet_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  withdrew_VVD  special_JJ  patronage_NN  from_IO  Mosley's_PPIO2  blackshirts_NNS  ,_,  Rothermere_NP  had_VHD  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  services_NNS  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  Hitler_NP  and_CC  Mussolini_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  rendered_VBN  their_APP$  countries_NNS  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  readiness_NN  to_TO  lead_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  air-rearmament_JB  campaign_NN  which_DDQ  constituted_VVD  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  hopes_NNS  in_IO  Britain_NP  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS wanted_VVD  the_AT1  country_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  at_RR  once_RR  too_RG  strong_JJ  and_CC  too_RG  friendly_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  dictators_NNS  to_TO  dream_VV0  of_IO  attacking_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  as_RG  well_JJ  therefore_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  cause_NN  of_IO    progress_NN    in_IO  Britain_NP  that_CS  all_DB  parties_NNS  in_IO  parliament_NN  decided_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  had_VHN  enough_DD  of_IO  provocative_JJ  fascist_JJ  tactics_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  East_NP  End_NP  after_CS  some_DD  notorious_JJ  affrays_NNS  in_IO  October_NN1  1936_MC  faced_VVD  a_AT1  dismayed_JJ  nation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  repetition_NN  in_IO  Britain_NP  of_IO  full_JJ  Nazi-style_JB  street_NN  hostilities_NNS  .  
  and_CC  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Simon's_PPIO2  public_JJ  order_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ban_VV0  the_AT1  wearing_NN  of_IO  uniforms_NNS  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  political_JJ  objects_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  by_IO  private_JJ  persons_NNS  of_IO  associations_NNS  of_IO  military_JJ  or_CC  quasi-military_JJ  character_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ,_,  if_CS  specially_RR  welcome_JJ  to_IO  radicals_NNS  and_CC  socialists_NNS  ,_,  hardly_RR  opposed_VBN  during_IO  its_APP$  rapid_JJ  progress_NN  through_IO  parliament_NN  in_IO  November_NN1  and_CC  December_NN1  1936_MC  .  
  fascism_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  if_CS  deprived_VBN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  and_CC  provocative_JJ  means_NNS  of_IO  display_NN  ,_,  remained_VVD  a_AT1  possible_JJ  peril_NN  to_IO    progressives_NNS    till_CS  the_AT1  fascist_JJ  dictators_NNS  were_VBDR  defeated_VBN  and_CC  destroyed_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  for_IO  years_NNS  the_AT1  destruction_NN  that_PNQS finally_RR  overtook_VVD  the_AT1  fascist_JJ  dictators_NNS  seemed_VVD  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  chances_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  notorious_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ    progressives_NNS    seemed_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  between_IO  1936_MC  and_CC  1939_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  yielded_VVD  .  
  on_IO  25th_MD  January_NN1  he_PPHO1  issued_VVD  two_MC  strongly_RR  worded_JJ  cabinet_NN  orders_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  reiterated_VVD  the_AT1  command_NN  that_CS  Bismarck_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  informed_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  military_JJ  operations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  directed_VVD  Moltke_NP  to_TO  take_VV0  such_DA  effective_JJ  steps_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  that_CS  Bismarck_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  further_JB  cause_NN  for_IO  complaint_NN  ;_;  while_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  expressly_RR  ordered_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  any_DD  correspondence_NN  with_IO  members_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  government_NN  or_CC  delegation_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  have_VH0  any_DD  political_JJ  significance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  drafting_NN  of_IO  any_DD  replies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  foreign_JJ  affairs_NNS  was_VBDZ  always_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  consulted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  decision_NN  was_VBDZ  unequivocal_JJ  and_CC  settled_VVD  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reply_NN  which_DDQ  Moltke_NP  at_RR  first_RR  projected_VVD  was_VBDZ  virtually_RR  a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  resignation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  royal_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ    ungna"dig_&FW    ,_,  un-gracious_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  communications_NNS  with_IO  Trochu_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  maintained_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  strictly_RR  military_JJ  .  
  all_DB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  withheld_VBN  from_IO  Bismarck_NP  was_VBDZ  information_NN  and_CC  plans_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  only_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Moltke_NP  were_VBDR  advising_VBG  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  about_IO  operations_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  rather_RR  than_CS  have_VH0  the_AT1  war_NN  conducted_VBN  by_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  dual_JJ  authority_NN  Moltke_NP  declared_VVD  himself_PPX1  ready_JJ    to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  operations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  federal_JJ  Chancellor_NNSB1  alone_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  await_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  grimly_RR  ,_,    your_APP$  imperial_JJ  majesty's_NN1$  most_RG  gracious_JJ  decision_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .    
  the_AT1  letter_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  actually_RR  sent_VVD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  considerably_RR  milder_JJ  .  
  in_IO  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  merely_RR  defended_VVD  his_APP$  conduct_NN  with_IO  dignity_NN  ,_,  complained_VVD  at_IO  Bismarck's_PPIO2  repeated_JJ  and_CC  unjustified_JJ  accusations_NNS  ,_,  asked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  clear_JJ  ruling_NN  about_IO  his_APP$  relationship_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  requested_VVD  the_AT1  Emperor's_NNSB2  protection_NN  against_IO  any_DD  further_JB  attacks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  imperial_JJ  secretaries_NNS  drafted_VVD  an_AT1  anodyne_JJ  reply_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  sent_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  .  
  on_IO  28th_MD  January_NN1  an_AT1  armistice_NN  was_VBDZ  signed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  defence_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  preservation_NN  of_IO  peaceful_JJ  relations_NNS  within_IO  royal_JJ  headquarters_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  come_VBN  not_XX  a_AT1  moment_NN  too_RG  soon_RR  .  
  Bismarck's_PPIO2  de*?2marche_NN  of_IO  18th_MD  January_NN1  took_VVD  effect_NN  almost_RR  immediately_RR  .  
  two_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  20th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  Trochu_NP  sent_VVD  his_APP$  request_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  armistice_NN  to_TO  bury_VV0  the_AT1  dead_JJ  after_IO  Buzenval_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Kaiser_NNSB1  at_RR  once_RR  referred_VVD  the_AT1  request_NN  ,_,  not_XX  to_IO  Moltke_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  Bismarck_NP  ;_;  and_CC  Bismarck_NP  grimly_RR  refused_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  brusqueness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  refusal_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  sensed_VBN  in_IO  Versailles_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  seems_VBZ  so_RG  out_RP  of_IO  keeping_NN  with_IO  Bismarck's_PPIO2  desire_NN  to_TO  renew_VV0  peace_NN  negotiations_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  explanation_NN  must_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  sought_VBN  in_IO  Bismarck's_PPIO2  attitude_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  exchanges_NNS  between_IO  Moltke_NP  and_CC  Trochu_NP  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  overture_NN  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  another_DD1  move_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  conducting_VBG  behind_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  surprising_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  advantage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  established_JJ  dominance_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Buzenval_NP  sortie_NN  capitulation_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  long_RR  delayed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  peace-proposals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  imperial_JJ  party_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  seriously_RR  considered_VBN  .  
  Cle*?2ment_NP  Duvernois_NP  was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Duvernois_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  come_VV0  :_:  the_AT1  stubbornness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  emigre*?2_NN  group_NN  in_IO  Brussels_NP  threw_VVD  his_APP$  whole_JJ  time-table_NN  out_RP  of_IO  joint_NN  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  Bismarck_NP  Jules_NP  Favre_NP  had_VHD  reached_VBN  Versailles_NP  .  
  Favre_NP  arrived_VVD  at_IO  German_JJ  headquarters_NN  late_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  23rd_MD  January_NN1  .  
  his_APP$  journey_NN  followed_VVD  a_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  stormy_JJ  debate_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  government_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  discussed_VVD  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  negotiate_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  armistice_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  fortress_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  only_RR  or_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  France_NP  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  open_JJ  :_:  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  instructed_VBN  only_RR  to_TO  discover_VV0  what_DDQ  terms_NNS  were_VBDR  available_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  betraying_VBG  the_AT1  desperate_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  supplies_NNS  .  
  Favre_NP  himself_PPX1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  secure_VV0  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  facilities_NNS  given_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  election_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  assembly_NN  to_TO  decide_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  war_NN  or_CC  peace_NN  ;_;  that_CS  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  Prussian_JJ  troops_NNS  into_IO  Paris_NP  and_CC  no_AT1  imprisonment_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  garrison_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  civil_JJ  war_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  provoked_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  disarm_VV0  the_AT1  Garde_&FW  Nationale_&FW  .  
  failing_VBG  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  threaten_VV0  a_AT1  renewal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fighting_NN  and_CC  ultimately_RR  a_AT1  total_JJ  surrender_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  compel_VV0  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  to_TO  accept_VV0  complete_JJ  responsibility_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  administration_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  Bismarck_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  bluff_VV0  much_RR  more_RG  effectively_RR  than_IO  Favre_NP  .  
  as_CS  at_IO  Ferrie*?3res_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  state_VV0  truthfully_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  negotiation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Empress_NNSB1  ,_,  who_PNQS alone_RR  represented_VVD  lawful_JJ  authority_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  summoning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  legal_JJ  representative_JJ  body_NN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Corps_&FW  Le*?2gislatif_&FW  .  
  Favre's_PPIO2  project_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  freely_RR  elected_VBN  assembly_NN  he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  no_RR  longer_RRR  realisable_JJ  :_:  under_IO  the_AT1  dictatorial_JJ  republicanism_NN  of_IO  Gambetta_NP  elections_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  free_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  however_RR  to_TO  talk_VV0  in_IO  general_JJ  terms_NNS  about_IO  conditions_NNS  for_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  garrison_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  sent_VBN  as_IO  prisoners_NNS  to_IO  Germany_NP  ,_,  where_CS their_APP$  presence_NN  would_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  embarrassment_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  that_CS  although_CS  opinion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  and_CC  in_IO  Germany_NP  would_VM  insist_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  triumphal_JJ  entry_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scope_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  might_VM  be_VB0  strictly_RR  limited_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  while_CS  refusing_VBG  to_TO  waive_VV0  the_AT1  disarmament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Garde_&FW  Nationale_&FW  ,_,  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  politically_RR  reliable_JJ  battalions_NNS  alone_RR  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  their_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  terms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  draconian_JJ  conditions_NNS  demanded_VBN  by_IO  Moltke_NP  speaks_VBZ  for_IO  itself_PPX1  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  evening's_NN1$  discussion_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  chances_NNS  of_IO  agreement_NN  were_VBDR  good_JJ  .  
  Bismarck_NP  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  curious_JJ  bystanders_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  closeted_VBN  alone_JJ  with_IO  Favre_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  whistled_VVD  a_AT1  hunting_NN  call_NN  of_IO  unmistakable_JJ  meaning_NN  :_:  the_AT1  chase_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  24th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  both_DB2  negotiators_NNS  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  .  
  Cle*?2ment_NP  Duvernois_NP  had_VHD  still_RR  not_XX  arrived_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Bismarck_NP  consented_VVD  to_TO  abandon_VV0  his_APP$  negotiations_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Empress_NNSB1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  reach_VV0  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  defence_NN  .  
  in_IO  return_NN  Favre_NP  agreed_VVD  to_TO  sign_VV0  an_AT1  armistice_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  no_AT1  resistance_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  delegation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  stand_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  implementation_NN  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  armament_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Garde_&FW  Nationale_&FW  remained_VVD  unsettled_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  this_DD1  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  faced_VBN  by_IO  Favre's_PPIO2  convincing_JJ  assurance_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  physically_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  disarm_VV0  them_PPHO1  without_IO  a_AT1  civil_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  eventually_RR  to_TO  yield_VV0  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  with_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  accepted_VVD  Bismarck's_PPIO2  terms_NNS  as_CS    inespe*?2re*?2es_&FW    .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Chancellor's_NNSB2  diplomatic_JJ  moderation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  troops_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  defended_VBN  it_PPH1  would_VM  remain_VV0  intact_JJ  .  
  on_IO  25th_MD  January_NN1  Favre_NP  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  authorised_VBN  to_TO  sign_VV0  an_AT1  armistice_NN  for_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  enable_VV0  a_AT1  national_JJ  assembly_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  at_IO  Bordeaux_NP  and_CC  finally_RR  resolve_VV0  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  war_NN  or_CC  peace_NN  .  
  so_RG  far_RR  Bismarck_NP  had_VHD  carried_VBN  on_RP  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  single-handed_RR  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  military_NN  had_VHD  unavoidably_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  in_RP  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  armistice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unfortunate_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  negotiations_NNS  coincided_VVD  exactly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  crisis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  quarrel_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  and_CC  military_JJ  authorities_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  Bismarck_NP  rubbed_VVD  salt_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  wounds_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  defeated_JJ  rivals_NNS  by_IO  insisting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  should_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  form_NN  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  a_AT1  capitulation_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  signify_VV0  surrender_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  a_AT1  convention_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  indicated_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  negotiated_JJ  settlement_NN  between_IO  equals_NNS  .  
  Moltke_NP  began_VVD  attending_VBG  conferences_NNS  on_IO  26th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  after_IO  his_APP$  rebuff_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Emperor_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  French_JJ  negotiators_NNS  noted_VVD  ,_,  without_IO  fully_RR  appreciating_VBG  the_AT1  cause_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  contrast_NN  between_IO  his_APP$  grim_JJ  ,_,  unsmiling_JJ  dourness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  easy_JJ  affability_NN  of_IO  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Bismarck_NP  openly_RR  stigmatised_VVD  Moltke's_PPIO2  attitude_NN  as_CS  mean_JJ  ,_,  pettifogging_JJ  and_CC  unrealistic_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  French_NP2  had_VHD  trouble_NN  enough_DD  with_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  military_JJ  representatives_NNS  .  
  Trochu's_PPIO2  oath_NN  never_RR  to_TO  capitulate_VV0  made_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  undertake_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  negotiating_VBG  surrender_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Ducrot_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  forgiven_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  Emperor_NNSB1  for_IO  his_APP$  apparent_JJ  breach_NN  of_IO  parole_NN  after_IO  Sedan_NP  .  
  Favre_NP  therefore_RR  found_VVD  to_TO  accompany_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  certain_JJ  General_NNSB1  Beaufort_NP  d'Hautpoul_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS proved_VVD  quite_RR  incapable_JJ  of_IO  carrying_VBG  on_RP  negotiations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  attributed_VVD  his_APP$  peculiar_JJ  condition_NN  to_IO  honourable_JJ  mortification_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  ,_,  less_RG  charitably_RR  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  drunk_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  succeeded_VBN  after_IO  one_MC1  embarrassing_JJ  day_NN  by_IO  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Valdan_NP  ,_,  Vinoy's_PPIO2  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  staff_NN  ,_,  by_IO  whom_WPO  ,_,  on_IO  28th_MD  January_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  armistice_NN  was_VBDZ  signed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  armistice_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  effect_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  immediately_RR    indeed_RR  on_IO  Bismarck's_PPIO2  suggestion_NN  the_AT1  bombardment_NN  and_CC  counter-bombardment_NN  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  two_MC  days_NNS  earlier_RRR    and_CC  was_VBDZ  to_TO  come_VV0  into_IO  action_NN  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  France_NP  in_IO  three_MC  days'_NN2  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  last_VV0  until_IO  19th_MD  February_NN1  ,_,  during_IO  which_DDQ  time_NN  full_JJ  facilities_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  given_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  assembly_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  freely_RR  elected_VBN  and_CC  to_TO  meet_VV0  at_IO  Bordeaux_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  would_VM  debate_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  should_VM  continue_VV0  and_CC  on_IO  what_DDQ  terms_NNS  peace_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  Paris_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  war-indemnity_NN  of_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  million_MC  francs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  yield_VV0  up_RP  its_APP$  perimeter_NN  forts_NNS  and_CC  dismount_VV0  the_AT1  guns_NNS  from_IO  its_APP$  walls_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  ground_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  forts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  city_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  neutral_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  German_JJ  troops_NNS  would_VM  enter_VV0  Paris_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  would_VM  provide_VV0  full_JJ  facilities_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  re-provisioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  12,000_MC  men_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  garrison_NN  would_VM  retain_VV0  their_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  essential_JJ  minimum_NN  to_TO  preserve_VV0  order_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Favre_NP  insisted_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  were_VBDR  to_TO  surrender_VV0  their_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  remain_VV0  in_IO  Paris_NP  until_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  armistice_NN  ;_;  when_CS ,_,  if_CS  peace_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  over_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  as_IO  prisoners-of-war_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  terms_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  were_VBDR  less_RG  satisfactory_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  agreed_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  military_JJ  demarcation_NN  line_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  both_DB2  armies_NNS  should_VM  withdraw_VV0  ten_MC  kilometres_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  Favre_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  military_JJ  advisers_NNS  depended_VVD  entirely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  for_IO  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  existing_JJ  front_JB  line_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Moltke_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  mood_NN  to_TO  interpret_VV0  doubtful_JJ  cases_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  opponents'_NN2  advantage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  agreed_JJ  line_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  involve_VV0  at_IO  several_DA  points_NNS  the_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  French_JJ  troops_NNS  from_IO  positions_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  quite_RR  securely_RR  held_VBN  .  
  moreover_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  operations_NNS  still_RR  in_IO  progress_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Jura_NP  both_DB2  Favre_NP  and_CC  Bismarck_NP  were_VBDR  equally_RR  ill-informed_JJ  .  
  Favre_NP  knew_VVD  only_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  fortress_NN  of_IO  Belfort_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  intact_JJ  and_CC  that_CS  Bourbaki's_PPIO2  relieving_JJ  force_NN  still_RR  held_VVD  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  to_TO  enforce_VV0  an_AT1  armistice_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  area_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  spoil_VV0  the_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  military_JJ  victory_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  considerably_RR  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  French_JJ  hand_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  negotiating_VBG  the_AT1  final_JJ  peace_NN  .  
  Moltke_NP  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  received_VBN  little_DA  news_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  swiftly_RR  moving_VBG  Manteuffel_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sufficiently_RR  confident_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  outcome_NN  to_TO  allow_VV0  Favre_NP  to_TO  nurse_VV0  his_APP$  illusions_NNS  ;_;  so_RR  by_IO  common_JJ  agreement_NN  military_JJ  operations_NNS  were_VBDR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  continue_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  Jura_NP  ,_,  Co*?5te_NP  d'Or_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Doubs_NP  .  
  when_CS Favre_NP  telegraphed_VVD  the_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  armistice_NN  to_IO  Gambetta_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  28th_MD  January_NN1  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  astonishing_JJ  and_CC  notorious_JJ  mistake_NN  of_IO  failing_VBG  to_TO  inform_VV0  him_PPHO1  of_IO  this_DD1  omission_NN  .  
  how_CS this_DD1  error_NN  contributed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  agonies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  Moltke_NP  admitted_VVD  the_AT1  validity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  political_JJ  considerations_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  led_VBN  Bismarck_NP  to_TO  conclude_VV0  the_AT1  convention_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  national_JJ  defence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  dissatisfaction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  moderation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  terms_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  alone_RR  .  
  his_APP$  views_NNS  were_VBDR  widely_RR  echoed_VBN  throughout_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  side_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  civilians_NNS  ,_,  Gambetta_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  politicians_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  clubs_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS wished_VVD  to_TO  prolong_VV0  the_AT1  war_NN  after_CS  all_DB  but_IO  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  minority_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  military_JJ  advisers_NNS  had_VHD  urged_VBN  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  of_IO  peace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  relaxing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tension_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  even_RR  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  suspension_NN  of_IO  hostilities_NNS  undermined_VVD  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  extremists_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  parties_NNS  of_IO  guerre_&FW  a*?3_&FW  outrance_&FW  dwindled_VVD  to_IO  impotent_JJ  if_CS  vociferous_JJ  cliques_NNS  at_IO  Bordeaux_NP  and_CC  Versailles_NP  ,_,  able_JJ  to_TO  embarrass_VV0  the_AT1  peace-makers_NNS  but_CCB  not_XX  to_TO  thwart_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  so_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  ranks_NNS  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  openly_RR  expressed_JJ  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  through_IO  their_APP$  elected_JJ  representatives_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  have_VH0  peace_NN  at_IO  any_DD  cost_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  military_JJ  party_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  enjoy_VV0  a_AT1  comparable_JJ  advantage_NN  .  
  instead_RR  public_JJ  opinion_NN  in_IO  Germany_NP  as_RG  overwhelmingly_RR  supported_VVD  a_AT1  peace_NN  of_IO  extermination_NN  as_CS  did_VDD  that_DD1  in_IO  the_AT1  allied_JJ  nations_NNS  in_IO  1918_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  opposition_NN  to_IO  Bismarck_NP  at_IO  Versailles_NP  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  its_APP$  height_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  armistice_NN  abated_VVD  rapidly_RR  once_CS  the_AT1  armistice_NN  was_VBDZ  signed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  because_CS  the_AT1  military_JJ  party_NN  was_VBDZ  accepting_VBG  defeat_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  grace_NN  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  bitter_JJ  struggle_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  hegemony_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  peninsula_NN  was_VBDZ  punctuated_VBN  by_IO  spells_NNS  of_IO  mutual_JJ  tolerance_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  respites_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  last_VV0  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  years_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  three_MC  rival_JJ  cults_NNS  were_VBDR  celebrated_VBN  on_IO  an_AT1  equal_JJ  footing_NN  at_IO  Toledo_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  more_RG  permanent_JJ  result_NN  than_CS  had_VHD  the_AT1  fleeting_JJ  Christian-Muslim_JJ  rapprochement_NN  achieved_VBN  in_IO  Sicily_NP  under_IO  the_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  Frederick_NP  2_MC  ,_,  Stupor_&FW  Mundi_&FW  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  average_JJ  Iberian_JJ  Christian_NN1    like_IO  any_DD  other_DA  European_NN1    never_RR  referred_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Muslim_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  faiths_NNS  without_IO  adding_VBG  some_DD  injurious_JJ  epithet_NN  .  
  hatred_NN  and_CC  intolerance_NN  ,_,  not_XX  sympathy_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  ,_,  for_IO  alien_JJ  creeds_NNS  and_CC  races_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  general_JJ  rule_NN  .  
    Moors_NP2    (_(  \0i.e_RR  Muslims_NP2  )_)  ,_,  Jews_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  gentiles_NNS  were_VBDR  alike_RR  regarded_VBN  as_CS  being_VBG  doomed_VBN  to_IO  hell_NN  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  inevitably_RR  followed_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  likely_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  with_IO  much_DA  consideration_NN  by_IO  Christians_NP2  in_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  intolerance_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  only_RR  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  crusade_NN  had_VHD  its_APP$  counterpart_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Muslim_JJ  jihad_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  holy_JJ  war_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  unbeliever_NN  .  
  the_AT1  orthodox_JJ  Muslim_JJ  regarded_VVD  with_IO  horror_NN  all_DB  those_DD2  who_PNQS would_VM    give_VV0  associates_NNS  to_IO  God_NP    ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Christians_NP2  did_VDD  with_IO  their_APP$  trinity_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  virgin_JB  Mary_NP  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  )_)  with_IO  their_APP$  saints_NNS  .  
  medieval_JJ  Europe_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  harsh_JJ  and_CC  rugged_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  softer_JJ  graces_NNS  of_IO  civilization_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  more_RG  widely_RR  cultivated_VBN  in_IO  Portugal_NP  than_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  elsewhere_RR  .  
  a_AT1  turbulent_JJ  and_CC  treacherous_JJ  nobility_NN  and_CC  gentry_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  ignorant_JJ  and_CC  lax_JJ  clergy_NN  ;_;  doltish_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  hard-working_JJ  ,_,  peasants_NNS  and_CC  fishermen_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  town_NN  rabble_NN  of_IO  artisans_NNS  and_CC  day-labourers_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Lisbon_NP  mob_NN  described_VBN  by_IO  Ec*?6a_NP  de_&FW  Queiroz_NP  five_MC  centuries_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,    fanatical_JJ  ,_,  filthy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ferocious_JJ      these_DD2  constituted_VVD  the_AT1  social_JJ  classes_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  pioneer_NN  discoverers_NNS  and_CC  colonizers_NNS  were_VBDR  drawn_VBN  .  
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS doubts_VBZ  this_DD1  need_VM  only_RR  read_VV0  the_AT1  graphic_JJ  pages_NNS  of_IO  Ferna*?4o_NP  Lopes_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  best_JJT  chronicler_NN  of_IO  any_DD  age_NN  or_CC  nation_NN  ,_,    as_CS  Robert_NP  Southey_NP  described_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  overseas_JB  expansion_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  regarded_VBN  as_CS  beginning_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  capture_NN  of_IO  Ceuta_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  in_IO  1415_MC  and_CC  culminating_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  circumnavigation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  globe_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  ship_NN  Victoria_NP  in_IO  1519-22_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  and_CC  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  their_APP$  precursors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  conquest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  Ocean_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  efforts_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  adventurers_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  changed_VBN  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  world_NN  history_NN  .  
  Vikings_NP2  had_VHD  voyaged_VBN  to_IO  north_NN1  America_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  middle_JB  ages_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  isolated_JJ  settlements_NNS  on_IO  Greenland_NP  had_VHD  succumbed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rigours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  attacks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eskimo_NN1  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  Italian_JJ  and_CC  Catalan_JJ  galleys_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  had_VHD  boldly_RR  ventured_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  on_IO  voyages_NNS  of_IO  discovery_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  thirteenth_MD  and_CC  early_JJ  fourteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  sought_VVD  is_VBZ  uncertain_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  is_VBZ  equally_RR  obscure_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  sighted_VBN  Madeira_NP  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Azores_NP2  .  
  why_CS did_VDD  the_AT1  Iberians_NP2  succeed_VV0  where_CS their_APP$  Mediterranean_NP  predecessors_NNS  had_VHD  failed_VBN  .  and_CC  why_CS did_VDD  Portugal_NP  take_VV0  the_AT1  lead_NN  when_CS the_AT1  Biscayan_JJ  seamen_NNS  were_VBDR  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  any_DD  in_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  historians_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  far_RR  from_RR  agreed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  precise_JJ  answers_NNS  to_IO  these_DD2  questions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  main_JB  impulses_NNS  behind_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1    age_NN  of_IO  discovery_NN    evidently_RR  came_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  religious_JJ  ,_,  economic_JJ  ,_,  strategic_JJ  and_CC  political_JJ  factors_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  always_RR  mixed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  proportions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  motives_NNS  inspired_VBN  by_IO  Mammon_NP  were_VBDR  often_RR  inextricably_RR  blended_VBN  with_IO  things_NNS  pertaining_VBG  to_IO  Caesar_NP  and_CC  to_IO  God_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  oversimplification_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  be_VB0  said_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  four_MC  main_JB  motives_NNS  that_PNQS inspired_VVD  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  chronological_JJ  but_CCB  overlapping_JJ  order_NN  ,_,  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  crusading_NN  zeal_NN  ,_,  (_(  2_MC  )_)  desire_NN  for_IO  Guinea_NP  gold_NN  ,_,  (_(  3_MC  )_)  the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  Prester_NP  John_NP  ,_,  and_CC  (_(  4_MC  )_)  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  spices_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  important_JJ  contributory_JJ  factor_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  Portugal_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  united_JJ  kingdom_NN  which_DDQ  experienced_VVD  only_RR  one_MC1  brief_JJ  episode_NN  of_IO  civil_JJ  strife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  consolidation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  crown_NN  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  forms_VBZ  a_AT1  marked_JJ  contrast_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  confused_JJ  situation_NN  obtaining_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  France_NP  was_VBDZ  distracted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  war_NN    1415_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  Agincourt_NP  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  capture_NN  of_IO  Ceuta_NP    and_CC  by_IO  rivalry_NN  with_IO  Burgundy_NP  ;_;  England_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  with_IO  France_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  wars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  roses_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  Spain_NP  and_CC  Italy_NP  by_IO  dynastic_JJ  and_CC  other_DA  internal_JJ  problems_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  seizure_NN  of_IO  Ceuta_NP  in_IO  1415_MC  and_CC  ,_,  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,  its_APP$  retention_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  probably_RR  inspired_VBN  mainly_RR  by_IO  crusading_NN  ardour_NN  to_TO  deal_VV0  a_AT1  blow_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  infidel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  half-English_JJ  princes_NNS  of_IO  Portugal_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  dubbed_VBN  knights_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  battle_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  spectacular_JJ  manner_NN  .  
  economic_JJ  and_CC  strategic_JJ  motives_NNS  may_VM  also_RR  have_VH0  played_VBN  a_AT1  part_NN  ,_,  since_CS  Ceuta_NP  was_VBDZ  both_DB2  a_AT1  thriving_JJ  commercial_JJ  centre_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  bridgehead_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  invasion_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  straits_NNS  of_IO  Gibraltar_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  suggested_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  fertile_JJ  corn-growing_JJ  regions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hinterland_NN  also_RR  formed_VVD  an_AT1  attraction_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  own_DA  country_NN  was_VBDZ  even_RR  then_RL  normally_RR  deficient_JJ  in_IO  cereals_NNS  .  
  Ceuta_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  terminal_JJ  ports_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  trans-Sahara_NP  gold-trade_NN  ,_,  though_CS  how_CS far_RR  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  knew_VVD  this_DD1  before_IO  their_APP$  capture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  is_VBZ  uncertain_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  occupation_NN  of_IO  Ceuta_NP  undoubtedly_RR  enabled_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  obtain_VV0  some_DD  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  negro_NN  lands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  Niger_NP  and_CC  Senegal_NP  river_NN  regions_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  gold_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  .  
  they_PPHS2  soon_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  establish_VV0  contact_NN  with_IO  those_DD2  lands_NNS  by_IO  sea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  divert_VV0  the_AT1  gold-trade_NN  from_IO  the_AT1    caravans_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Sahara_NP    and_CC  the_AT1  Muslim_JJ  middlemen_NNS  of_IO  Barbary_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  the_AT1  more_DA  incentive_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  since_CS  western_JJ  Europe_NP  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Portugal_NP  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  then_RL  suffering_VBG  a_AT1  serious_JJ  shortage_NN  of_IO  precious_JJ  metals_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  partly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  drain_NN  of_IO  silver_NN  and_CC  gold_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  spices_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  oriental_JJ  exports_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  partly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  insufficient_JJ  production_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  European_JJ  mines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  crusading_NN  impulse_NN  and_CC  search_NN  for_IO  gold_NN  were_VBDR  soon_RR  reinforced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  Prester_NP  John_NP  .  
  this_DD1  mythical_JJ  potentate_NN  was_VBDZ  vaguely_RR  located_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1    Indies_NP2      an_AT1  elastic_JJ  and_CC  shifting_JJ  term_NN  that_PNQS often_RR  embraced_VVD  Ethiopia_NP  and_CC  east_NN1  Africa_NP  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  what_DDQ  little_DA  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  of_IO  Asia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  passage_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  romantic_JJ  travellers'_NN2  tales_NNS    of_IO  which_DDQ  Marco_NP  Polo's_PPIO2  supply_VV0  the_AT1  classic_JJ  example_NN    and_CC  wishful_JJ  thinking_NN  ,_,  all_DB  combined_VVD  to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  late_JJ  medieval_JJ  belief_NN  that_CS  Prester_NP  John_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mighty_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  probably_RR  schismatical_JJ  Christian_JJ  priest-king_NN  .  
  his_APP$  domains_NNS  were_VBDR  believed_VBN  to_TO  lie_VV0  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Islamic_JJ  powers_NNS  that_PNQS occupied_VVD  a_AT1  wide_JJ  belt_NN  of_IO  territory_NN  from_IO  Morocco_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  Black_NP  Sea_NNL1  ,_,  thus_RR  cutting_VBG  off_RP  Christendom_NN1  from_IO  direct_JJ  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  peoples_NNS  of_IO  Asia_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  isolated_JJ  Coptic_JJ  Christian_JJ  kingdom_NN  of_IO  Abyssinia_NP  .  
  from_IO  1402_MC  onwards_RR  ,_,  occasional_JJ  Abyssinian_JJ  monks_NNS  and_CC  envoys_NNS  reached_VVD  Europe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  got_VVD  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  Lisbon_NP  in_IO  1452_MC  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  ,_,  like_IO  most_DA  other_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  still_RR  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  only_RR  a_AT1  hazy_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  or_CC  where_CS his_APP$  country_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  the_AT1  mixed_JJ  motivation_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  overseas_JB  expansion_NN  was_VBDZ  explicitly_RR  recognized_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  papal_JJ  bull_NN  romanus_&FW  pontifex_&FW  (_(  January_NN1  8th_MD  ,_,  1455_MC  )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  categorically_RR  commended_VVD  the_AT1  crusading_NN  inspiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Infante_NNSB1  Dom_NNSB1  Henrique_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  desire_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  Christian_JJ  potentate_NN  (_(  s_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  Indies_NP2  by_IO  circumnavigating_VBG  Africa_NP  .  
  this_DD1  bull_NN  also_RR  recognized_VVD  the_AT1  commercial_JJ  motive_NN  inherent_JJ  in_IO  Portuguese_JJ  expansion_NN  by_IO  granting_VBG  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Portugal_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  successors_NNS  the_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trade_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  discovered_JJ  regions_NNS  ,_,  subject_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  proviso_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  sale_NN  of_IO  war_NN  material_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  enemies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  faith_NN  was_VBDZ  forbidden_VBN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  that_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  pushed_VVD  their_APP$  exploratory_JJ  voyages_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  coast_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  added_VVD  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  negro_NN  slaves_NNS  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Guinea_NP  gold_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  spices_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  quest_NN  for_IO  Prester_NP  John_NP  .  
  the_AT1  spices_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  only_RR  appear_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  motive_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Henry_NP  in_IO  1460_MC  ,_,  by_IO  which_DDQ  time_NN  the_AT1  west_NN1  African_JJ  slave-trade_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  established_JJ  fact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  voyages_NNS  of_IO  discovery_NN  and_CC  trade_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  coast_NN  of_IO  Africa_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  really_RR  get_VV0  going_VBG  until_CS  Cape_NNL1  Bojador_NP  (_(  or_CC  ,_,  more_RG  probably_RR  ,_,  Cape_NNL1  Juby_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  then_RL  apparently_RR  known_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  name_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  rounded_VBN  in_IO  1434_MC  ,_,  after_IO  many_DA  futile_JJ  efforts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  voyages_NNS  then_RL  continued_VVD  systematically_RR  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  spurt_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  eight-year_JB  regency_NN  (_(  1440-48_MC-MC  )_)  of_IO  Dom_NNSB1  Pedro_NP  ,_,  elder_JJ  brother_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  better_RRR  publicized_VBN  Dom_NNSB1  Henrique_NP  ,_,  belatedly_RR  and_CC  somewhat_RR  inappropriately_RR  named_VBN    the_AT1  navigator_NN  .    
  prior_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  assumption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  regency_NN  ,_,  Dom_NNSB1  Pedro_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  violently_RR  critical_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  Ceuta_NP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  shown_VBN  no_AT1  particular_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  voyages_NNS  of_IO  discovery_NN  patronized_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  .  
  but_CCB  once_CS  in_IO  power_NN  ,_,  as_CS  so_RG  often_RR  happens_VBZ  ,_,  Dom_NNSB1  Pedro_NP  adopted_VVD  wholeheartedly_RR  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  policies_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  previously_RR  criticized_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  indifferent_JJ  .  
  all_DB  talk_NN  of_IO  abandoning_VBG  Ceuta_NP  in_IO  exchange_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  youngest_JJT  brother_NN  ,_,  Dom_NNSB1  Fernando_NP  (_(  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Moors_NP2  since_IO  a_AT1  disastrous_JJ  attack_NN  on_IO  Tangier_NP  in_IO  1437_MC  )_)  ,_,  was_VBDZ  dropped_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Dom_NNSB1  Pedro_NP  actively_RR  backed_VVD  the_AT1  voyages_NNS  of_IO  discovery_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  colonization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Atlantic_NP  islands_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  Dom_NNSB1  Henrique's_PPIO2  share_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  twin_NN  enterprises_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  .  
  the_AT1  voyages_NNS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  colonization_NN  of_IO  Madeira_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Azores_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  began_VVD  soon_RR  after_IO  their_APP$  discovery_NN    or_CC  re-discovery_NN    in_IO  1419-27_MC-MC  were_VBDR  largely_RR  financed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  revenues_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  order_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  Dom_NNSB1  Henrique_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  administrator_NN  and_CC  governor_NN  (_(  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  grand_JJ  master_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  often_RR  stated_VBN  )_)  from_IO  1420_MC  until_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  forty_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  Lisbon_NP  merchants_NNS  also_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  hand_NN  in_IO  financing_VBG  and_CC  organizing_VBG  these_DD2  voyages_NNS  .  
  from_IO  1470_MC  to_IO  1475_MC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  leased_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  contract_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  Ferna*?4o_NP  Gomes_NP  ,_,  under_IO  whose_PNQV$  administration_NN  a_AT1  large_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Guinea_NP  coast_NN  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  Portuguese_JJ  enterprise_NN  and_CC  trade_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  uncertain_JJ  how_CS much_DA  was_VBDZ  directly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  government_NN  initiative_NN  and_CC  to_IO  resources_NNS  supplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS much_DA  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  private_JJ  enterprise_NN  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  crown_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  merchant-adventurers_NNS  acting_VBG  in_IO  conjunction_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  without_IO  undue_JJ  simplification_NN  that_CS  right_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  planning_NN  ,_,  organization_NN  ,_,  and_CC  financing_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  voyages_NNS  owed_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  to_IO  intelligent_JJ  government_NN  initiative_NN  and_CC  support_NN  ,_,  as_CS  personified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  activities_NNS  of_IO  Dom_NNSB1  Henrique_NP  ,_,  Dom_NNSB1  Pedro_NP  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  above_IO  all_DB  ,_,  of_IO  King_NNSB1  Dom_NNSB1  Joa*?4o_NP  2_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  stages_NNS  (_(  1481-95_MC-MC  )_)  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  \0C_NP  \0R_NP  Beazley_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  over_RR  sixty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  Prince_NNSB1  Henry's_PPIO2  achievement_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1    altered_VVD  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  maritime_JJ  exploration_NN  by_IO  giving_VBG  permanence_NN  ,_,  organization_NN  ,_,  and_CC  governmental_JJ  support_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  movement_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  proved_VVD  disappointing_JJ  for_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  very_DA  means_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  steady_JJ  government_NN  support_NN  that_PNQS gave_VVD  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  the_AT1  edge_NN  over_IO  their_APP$  Spanish_JJ  neighbours_NNS  and_CC  rivals_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS for_IO  long_RR  contested_VVD  the_AT1  papal_JJ  awards_NNS  that_PNQS granted_VVD  a_AT1  monopoly_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  African_JJ  coastal_JJ  trade_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  former_DA  .  
  but_CCB  save_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  1475-1480_MC-MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  adventurers_NNS  made_VVD  determined_JJ  but_CCB  unsuccessful_JJ  attempts_NNS  to_TO  secure_VV0  the_AT1  lion's_NN1$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Guinea_NP  trade_NN  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  did_VDD  not_XX  receive_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  consistent_JJ  and_CC  energetic_JJ  support_NN  from_IO  their_APP$  rulers_NNS  as_CS  did_VDD  the_AT1  Portuguese_NP2  from_IO  theirs_PP$  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  for_IO  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  Spain's_PPIO2  cereal_NN  and_CC  financial_JJ  problems_NNS  were_VBDR  less_RG  acute_JJ  than_CS  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  Portugal_NP  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  the_AT1  Spaniards_NP2  had_VHD  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  economic_JJ  incentives_NNS  to_TO  seek_VV0  new_JJ  lands_NNS  to_TO  conquer_VV0  or_CC  to_TO  exploit_VV0  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Moorish_JJ  kingdom_NN  of_IO  Granada_NP  on_IO  Andalusian_JJ  soil_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prior_JJ  commitments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  Aragon_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  strengthen_VV0  the_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  Castile_NP  against_IO  unruly_JJ  vassals_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  provided_VVD  powerful_JJ  distractions_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  not_XX  present_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  extent_NN  in_IO  Portugal_NP  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  voyages_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  barren_JJ  and_CC  featureless_JJ  Saharan_JJ  coast_NN  presented_VVD  no_AT1  exceptional_JJ  difficulties_NNS  to_IO  experienced_JJ  seamen_NNS  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  legendary_JJ  but_CCB  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  real_JJ  terrors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  latter_DA  included_VVD  the_AT1  common_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  universal_JJ  ,_,  belief_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  torrid_JJ  zone_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  hot_JJ  to_TO  support_VV0  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  Mar_&FW  Tenebroso_&FW  ,_,  or_CC    sea_NN  of_IO  darkness_NN    south_NN1  of_IO  Cape_NNL1  Nun_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  too_RG  shallow_JJ  and_CC  too_RG  dangerous_JJ  for_IO  navigation_NN  .  
  Lytton's_PPIO2  telegram_NN  announcing_VBG  his_APP$  intentions_NNS  reached_VVD  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  on_IO  9_MC  September_NN1  :_:  Cranbrook_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  in_IO  London_NP  :_:  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Braemore_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  Scotland_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  his_APP$  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  telegram_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  12th_MD  .  
  meanwhile_RR  Horace_NP  Walpole_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  private_JJ  secretary_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  permanent_JJ  civil_JJ  servant_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  suspicious_JJ  of_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  policies_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  read_VBN  Lytton's_PPIO2  telegram_NN  ,_,  noticed_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  the_AT1  mission_NN  off_RP  from_IO  Peshawar_NP  in_IO  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  and_CC  decided_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  telegram_NN  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  answered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  Cranbrook_NP  his_APP$  copy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  telegram_NN  ,_,  sent_VVD  also_RR  a_AT1  copy_NN  to_IO  Beaconsfield_NP  at_IO  Hughenden_NP  and_CC  one_MC1  to_IO  Salisbury_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  foreign_JJ  office_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  Cranbrook_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  read_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  immediate_JJ  .  
  to_IO  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  proposal_NN  to_TO  insist_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  expulsion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  mission_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  Anglo-Afghan_JJ  negotiations_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0    an_AT1  affront_NN  which_DDQ  a_AT1  great_JJ  power_NN  could_VM  not_XX  endure_VV0    .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  intensify_VV0  Russian_JJ  activity_NN  in_IO  Afghanistan_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  bring_VV0  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  government_NN  into_IO  direct_JJ  conflict_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  endanger_VV0  peace_NN  in_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  attempted_VBN  ,_,  be_VB0  considered_VBN  very_RG  fully_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  meet_VV0  .  
  its_APP$  members_NNS  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  houses_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Scotland_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  ,_,  from_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  telegram_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  diplomatic_JJ  protest_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  intend_VV0  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  Russian_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  impression_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  telegram_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Horace_NP  Walpole_NP  found_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  visited_VVD  Salisbury_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  11th_MD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS      Lord_NNSB1  Lytton_NP  (_(  was_VBDZ  )_)  going_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  too_RG  fast_RR  and_CC  plunging_VBG  us_PPIO2   into_IO  an_AT1  Afghan_JJ  war_NN    .  
  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  war_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  felt_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  Europe_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  constituencies_NNS  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  later_RRR  the_AT1  prime_JB  minister_NN  was_VBDZ  noticing_VBG    symptoms_NNS  .  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  confined_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  party_NN    of_IO  a_AT1    strong_JJ  and_CC  rising_JJ  feeling_NN  respecting_IO  this_DD1  Afghan_JJ  business_NN    .  
    so_RG  long_RR    ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Salisbury_NP  ,_,    as_CS  the_AT1  country_NN  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  obtained_VBN    peace_NN  with_IO  honor_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  conduct_NN  of_IO  \0H.M_NP  government_NN  was_VBDZ  popular_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  the_AT1  country_NN  finds_VBZ  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  peace_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  apt_JJ  also_RR  to_TO  conclude_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  honour_NN    .  
  and_CC  his_APP$  conclusion_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  that_CS  Lytton_NP  should_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  pace_NN  but_CCB  that_CS  Salisbury_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  Cranbrook's_PPIO2  absence_NN  ,_,  should_VM  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  Lytton_NP  was_VBDZ  properly_RR  informed_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  government_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  act_VV0    with_IO  decision_NN  and_CC  firmness_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  clear_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  the_AT1  diplomatic_JJ  protest_NN  to_IO  Russia_NP  on_IO  19_MC  August_NN1  had_VHD  been_VBN  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  decision_NN  to_TO  delay_VV0  Chamberlain's_PPIO2  mission_NN  until_CS  a_AT1  reply_NN  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  from_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  .  
  so_PN1  long_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  imagined_VBN  that_CS  Lytton_NP  knew_VVD  his_APP$  limitations_NNS  ,_,  Salisbury_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  attached_VBN  little_DA  importance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  protest_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  Lytton_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  steering_VBG  towards_IO  war_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  forward_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  Salisbury's_PPIO2  mind_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  occasion_NN  ,_,  or_CC  excuse_NN  ,_,  for_IO  delaying_VBG  Lytton's_PPIO2  action_NN  in_IO  India_NP  :_:  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  move_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parliamentary_JJ  game_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  comes_VBZ  ,_,  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  had_VHD  done_VBN  its_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  avoid_VV0  war_NN  and_CC  accomplish_VV0  by_IO  peaceful_JJ  diplomacy_NN  what_DDQ  Afghan_JJ  or_CC  Russian_JJ  obstinacy_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  impossible_JJ  .  
  Beaconsfield_NP  ,_,  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  telegram_NN  of_IO  8_MC  September_NN1  and_CC  had_VHD  talked_VBN  to_IO  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  wrote_VVD  tartly_RR  to_IO  Cranbrook_NP  regretting_NN  that_CS  Lytton_NP  seemed_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  protest_NN  .  
  Salisbury_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  11th_MD  ,_,  after_IO  correspondence_NN  with_IO  Beaconsfield_NP  ,_,  telegraphed_VVD  Horace_NP  Walpole_NP  to_TO  ask_VV0  Cranbrook_NP  urgently_RR  for_IO  authority_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  Lytton_NP  sending_VBG  the_AT1  mission_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  reply_NN  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  .  
  Cranbrook_NP  ,_,  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  feeling_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  sent_VBN  a_AT1  telegram_NN  to_IO  Walpole_NP  forbidding_VBG  the_AT1  departure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  until_IO  further_JB  orders_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  14th_MD  ,_,  two_MC  days_NNS  before_IO  Chamberlain_NP  was_VBDZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  start_VV0  ,_,  this_DD1  message_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  hands_NNS  .  
  when_CS Lytton_NP  received_VVD  the_AT1  telegram_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  mood_NN  to_TO  delay_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  events_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  set_VBN  on_IO  foot_NN  in_IO  August_NN1  could_VM  not_XX  now_RL  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  .  
  Chamberlain_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  in_IO  Peshawar_NP  ;_;  Cavagnari_NP  had_VHD  committed_VBN  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  Khyber_NP  :_:  the_AT1  native_JJ  ambassador_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  for_IO  Kabul_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  wide_JJ  publicity_NN  Lytton_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  through_IO  his_APP$  private_JJ  press_NN  officer_NN  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  made_VVD  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  sign_NN  of_IO  turning_VBG  back_RP  .  
  his_APP$  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  in_IO  England_NP  came_VVD  mainly_RR  through_IO  Burne_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  .  
  Burne_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  Lytton's_PPIO2  private_JJ  secretary_NN  in_IO  India_NP  until_CS  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  England_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  sick_JJ  wife_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  of_IO  1878_MC  .  
  when_CS his_APP$  wife_NN  died_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_TO  work_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  much_DA  time_NN  and_CC  money_NN  providing_VBG  Lytton_NP  with_IO  telegraphic_JJ  reports_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  feeling_NN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  of_IO  conditions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  India_NP  office_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  August_NN1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  pocket_NN  ,_,  *+197_NNU  on_IO  private_JJ  telegrams_NNS  .  
  Burne_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  altogether_RR  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  guide_NN  .  
  from_IO  his_APP$  telegrams_NNS  Lytton_NP  gathered_VVD  ,_,  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  only_RR  half_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  much_DA  support_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Afghan_JJ  matters_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  learnt_VVD  from_IO  Burne's_PPIO2  letters_NNS  ,_,  also_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  that_CS  Cranbrook_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_RR  under_IO  Salisbury's_PPIO2  thumb_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  lazy_JJ  ,_,  well-meaning_JJ  ,_,  and_CC    timid_JJ    .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  believe_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  imagine_VV0  anyone_PN1  else_RR  seriously_RR  to_TO  believe_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  protest_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  would_VM  achieve_VV0  any_DD  result_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  perhaps_RR  most_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  Cranbrook_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  London_NP  when_CS the_AT1  restraining_JJ  telegrams_NNS  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  in_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  influence_NN  ,_,  not_XX  altogether_RR  friendly_JJ  and_CC  certainly_RR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  sensible_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Salisbury_NP  .  
  these_DD2  things_NNS  encouraged_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  disobey_VV0  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  telegram_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  first_RR  told_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  protest_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  ,_,  Lytton_NP  also_RR  received_VVD  one_MC1  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  Cranbrook_NP  would_VM  not_XX  send_VV0  detailed_JJ  approval_NN  and_CC  modification_NN  of_IO  Chamberlain's_PPIO2  instructions_NNS  until_CS  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  reply_NN  arrived_VVD  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  17th_MD  ,_,  Lytton_NP  heard_VVD  that_CS  an_AT1  abstract_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  reply_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  received_VBN  from_IO  Plunkett_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  charge*?2_NN  d'affaires_NN"  in_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Petersburg_NP  :_:  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  also_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  no_AT1  authority_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  the_AT1  mission_NN  off_RP  and_CC  no_AT1  authority_NN  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  21st_MD  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  16th_MD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  Cranbrook's_PPIO2  telegram_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  13th_MD  ,_,  postponed_VBN  Chamberlain's_PPIO2  departure_NN  from_IO  Peshawar_NP  for_IO  five_MC  days_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  20th_MD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  ordered_VVD  Chamberlain_NP  to_TO  move_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  Jamrud_NP  :_:  on_IO  the_AT1  21st_MD  ,_,  these_DD2  five_MC  days_NNS  having_VHG  passed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  enter_VV0  Afghanistan_NP  .  
  in_IO  sending_VBG  Chamberlain_NP  forward_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  Lytton_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  provoke_VV0  war_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  written_VBN  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  overbearing_JJ  ,_,  letter_NN  to_IO  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  14th_MD  asking_NN  again_RR  for_IO  his_APP$  cooperation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  suppose_VV0  that_CS  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  would_VM  refuse_VV0  to_TO  admit_VV0  the_AT1  mission_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  that_CS  Chamberlain_NP  would_VM  ,_,  within_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  established_VBN  in_IO  Kabul_NP  .  
  his_APP$  purpose_NN  in_IO  forcing_VBG  the_AT1  pace_NN  was_VBDZ  therefore_RR  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  to_TO  commit_VV0  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  approve_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  to_TO  achieve_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  rapid_JJ  action_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  success_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  to_TO  desire_VV0  but_CCB  which_DDQ  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hampered_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  stupidities_NNS  of_IO    democratic_JJ    England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  wrestling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  clutches_NNS  of_IO    that_DD1  deformed_JJ  and_CC  abortive_JJ  offspring_NN  of_IO  perennial_JJ  political_JJ  fornication_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  present_JJ  British_JJ  constitution_NN    ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  easily_RR  authorize_VV0  or_CC  agree_VV0  upon_IO  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  publicity_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  mission_NN  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  Jamrud_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  to_IO  its_APP$  conduct_NN  an_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  deliberate_JJ  finality_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  Chamberlain_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  wanted_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  Jamrud_NP  to_TO  ask_VV0  for_IO  entry_NN  into_IO  Afghanistan_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  frontier_NN  officer_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  frontier_NN  officer's_NN1$  personal_JJ  prestige_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  risk_VV0  a_AT1  snubbing_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Afghan_JJ  frontier_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  affect_VV0  that_DD1  prestige_NN  whatever_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  afterwards_RR  to_TO  avenge_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  preferred_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  from_IO  Peshawar_NP  whether_CS  his_APP$  mission_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  refused_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  whatever_DDQ  action_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  from_IO  there_RL  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  Lytton_NP  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  spectacular_JJ  moment_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  Sher_NP  Ali's_PPIO2  last_DA  chance_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  public_JJ  affront_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  India's_PPIO2  greatest_JJT  frontier_NN  officers_NNS  ,_,  waiting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  Afghan_JJ  border_NN  and_CC  turned_VBN  away_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  commander_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  outlying_JJ  Afghan_JJ  post_NN    this_DD1  ,_,  if_CS  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  were_VBDR  really_RR  hostile_JJ  ,_,  must_VM  certainly_RR  convince_VV0  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  might_VM  even_RR  impress_VV0  the_AT1  opposition_NN  .  
  Chamberlain_NP  was_VBDZ  chosen_VBN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_IO  active_JJ  Indian_JJ  frontier_NN  statesmen_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  pupil_NN  of_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Lawrence_NP  .  
  Lawrence_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  name_NN  amongst_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  critics_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  attacked_VBN  Lytton's_PPIO2  frontier_NN  policy_NN  with_IO  mounting_JJ  hostility_NN  ever_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  if_CS  a_AT1  Lawrentian_NN1  of_IO  Chamberlain's_PPIO2  importance_NN  were_VBDR  snubbed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Afghans_NP2  ,_,  Lawrence_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  important_JJ  weapon_NN  removed_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  critical_JJ  armoury_NN  .  
  so_RR  Lytton_NP  in_IO  India_NP  ,_,  like_IO  Beaconsfield_NP  and_CC  Salisbury_NP  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  continued_VVD  his_APP$  political_JJ  posturings_NNS  .  
  Chamberlain_NP  moved_VVD  from_IO  Peshawar_NP  to_IO  Jamrud_NP  on_IO  20_MC  September_NN1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  Cavagnari_NP  and_CC  Colonel_NNSB1  Jenkins_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  commander_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mission's_NN1$  escort_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  escort_NN  ,_,  on_RP  to_IO  Ali_NP  Musjid_NP  to_TO  ask_VV0  for_IO  admission_NN  to_IO  Afghanistan_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  halted_VBN  by_IO  Afghan_JJ  troops_NNS  a_AT1  mile_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fort_NN  and_CC  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  closer_RRR  .  
  Faiz_NP  Mohamed_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  commander_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garrison_NN  (_(  whom_WPO  Cavagnari_NP  knew_VVD  well_RR  )_)  ,_,  asked_VVD  Cavagnari_NP  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  time_NN  to_TO  refer_VV0  the_AT1  request_NN  to_IO  Kabul_NP  .  
  Cavagnari_NP  refused_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  unless_CS  Faiz_NP  Mohamed_NP  specifically_RR  forbade_VVD  the_AT1  mission_NN  to_TO  advance_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  advance_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  morning_NN  .  
  Faiz_NP  Mohamed_NP  replied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  attack_VV0  the_AT1  mission_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  attempted_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  Ali_NP  Musjid_NP  .  
  Cavagnari_NP  and_CC  Jenkins_NP  thereupon_RR  returned_VVD  to_IO  Jamrud_NP  and_CC  reported_VVD  their_APP$  failure_NN  to_IO  Chamberlain_NP  .  
  Chamberlain_NP  reported_VVD  the_AT1  failure_NN  to_IO  Lytton_NP  :_:  and_CC  Lytton_NP  ,_,  from_IO  Simla_NP  ,_,  ordered_VVD  Chamberlain_NP  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  Peshawar_NP  .  
  so_RR  ended_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1    first_MD  round_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rubber_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  now_RL  prepare_VV0  to_TO  coerce_VV0  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  repulse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  ,_,  Lytton's_PPIO2  actions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  frontier_NN  became_VVD  clear_JJ  and_CC  vigorous_JJ  :_:  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  had_VHD  shown_VBN  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  hostile_JJ  :_:  of_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  mind_NN  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  upset_JJ  :_:  his_APP$  treachery_NN  demanded_VVD  his_APP$  downfall_NN  .  
  to_IO  that_DD1  end_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  forces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  India_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  turned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  in_IO  political_JJ  warfare_NN  ,_,  how_CS may_VM  one_MC1  best_RBT  upset_VV0  an_AT1  inconvenient_JJ  neighbour_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  how_CS may_VM  one_MC1  with_IO  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  expenditure_NN  of_IO  energy_NN  establish_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  re*?2gime_NN  in_IO  Kabul_NP  .  
  Lytton_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  soldier_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  diplomat_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  spent_VBN  the_AT1  better_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  professional_JJ  life_NN  in_IO  comparatively_RR  junior_JJ  positions_NNS  in_IO  civilized_JJ  capitals_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  almost_RR  vicious_JJ  contempt_NN  for_IO  military_JJ    bumpkins_NNS    when_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  that_CS  large_JJ  political_JJ  objects_NNS  may_VM  often_RR  best_RBT  be_VB0  accomplished_VBN  by_IO  employing_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  military_JJ  force_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  arrange_VV0  the_AT1  deposition_NN  of_IO  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  without_IO  fighting_VBG  a_AT1  battle_NN  ,_,  could_VM  see_VV0  an_AT1  Anglophile_NN1  emir_NN  settled_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  throne_NN  and_CC  could_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  treaty_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  merest_JJT  professional_JJ  obstinacy_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    \0K.C.B_NP  mania_NN    ,_,  to_TO  collect_VV0  a_AT1  large_JJ  force_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  frontier_NN  .  
  having_VHG  manufactured_VBN  the_AT1  situation_NN  ,_,  Lytton_NP  would_VM  manage_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  force_NN  possible_JJ  .  
  after_IO  23_MC  September_NN1  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  forward_RR  his_APP$  preparations_NNS  ,_,  stationed_VVD  troops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cantonments_NNS  of_IO  Thal_NP  ,_,  Sukkur_NP  and_CC  Peshawar_NP  and_CC  watched_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  flight_NN  and_CC  departure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  emir_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  prepared_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  week_NN  of_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  issue_VV0  a_AT1  proclamation_NN  calling_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  Afghan_JJ  people_NN  to_TO  rise_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  enemy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  government_NN  :_:  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  restrained_VBN  because_CS  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  regarded_VVD  this_DD1  as_CS  tantamount_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  declaration_NN  of_IO  war_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  send_VV0  a_AT1  force_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  assistance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Khyber_NP  tribesmen_NNS  who_PNQS helped_VVD  to_TO  escort_VV0  Chamberlain's_PPIO2  mission_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cabinet_NN  made_VVD  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  not_XX  advance_VV0  beyond_IO  Ali_NP  Musjid_NP  because_CS  that_DD1  too_RR  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  imply_VV0  war_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  during_IO  September_NN1  or_CC  October_NN1  ,_,  cease_VV0  to_TO  hope_VV0  that_CS  Sher_NP  Ali_NP  might_VM  fall_VV0  spontaneously_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  mere_JB  expression_NN  of_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  disfavour_NN  .  
  from_IO  Kabul_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  weakness_NN  :_:  the_AT1  emir_NN  remained_VVD  firm_JJ  and_CC  unpoisoned_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  unhelpfully_RR  and_CC  (_(  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  orientalists_NNS  )_)  insolently_RR  to_IO  Lytton's_PPIO2  letter_NN  of_IO  14_MC  September_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  possession_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  details_NNS  probably_RR  explains_VBZ  why_CS his_APP$  confidence_NN  in_IO  technique_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  unbounded_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  even_RR  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  mystic_NN  than_CS  of_IO  the_AT1  intellectual_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  that_CS  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  he_PPHO1  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  gives_VBZ  up_RP  the_AT1  writing_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  .  
  literature_NN  is_VBZ    l'art_&FW  de_&FW  se_&FW  jouer_&FW  de_&FW  l'a*?5me_&FW  des_&FW  autres_&FW    ;_;  by_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  definition_NN  ,_,  poetry_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  now_RL  for_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  expression_NN  to_IO  something_PN1  in_IO  himself_PPX1  (_(  however_CS deliberately_RR  or_CC  consciously_RR  )_)  ;_;  the_AT1  poet_NN  gets_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  his_APP$  material_NN  (_(  language_NN  ,_,  poetry_NN  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  public_NN  (_(  human_JJ  psychology_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  art_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  like_IO  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  discovered_VBN  the_AT1    relations_&FW  .  entre_&FW  des_&FW  choses_&FW  dont_&FW  nous_&FW  e*?2chappe_&FW  la_&FW  loi_&FW  de_&FW  continuite*?2_&FW    ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  ,_,  at_IO  will_NN  ,_,  produce_VV0  whatever_DDQ  effects_NNS  he_PPHO1  desires_VBZ  to_TO  produce_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  thing_NN  missing_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  ideal_JJ  scheme_NN  :_:  a_AT1  desire_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  poet_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  any_DD  effect_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  what_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
    le_&FW  ge*?2nie_&FW  est_&FW  facile_&FW  .    
    facil_&FW  cosa_&FW  e_&FW  farsi_&FW  universale_&FW  .    
  the_AT1  young_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  has_VHZ  more_RG  important_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  :_:  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  programme_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  self-knowledge_NN  (_(  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  fathom_VV0  art_NN  and_CC  psychology_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  complete_JJ  knowledge_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  presumed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Monsieur_NNSB1  Teste_NP  created_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  as_CS  defined_VBN  by_IO  Vale*?2ry_NP  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  of_IO  any_DD  interest_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  creative_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  demands_VBZ  a_AT1    certain_&FW  sacrifice_&FW  de_&FW  l'intellect_&FW    ,_,  chiefly_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  composing_VBG  poetry_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  simply_RR  giving_VBG  to_IO  any_DD  public_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  would_VM  affect_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  playing_VBG  a_AT1  rather_RR  inferior_JJ  game_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  theory_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  lose_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  implicit_JJ  reasoning_NN  is_VBZ  somewhat_RR  circular_JJ  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  Monsieur_NNSB1  Teste_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  trouble_VV0  himself_PPX1  with_IO  poetic_JJ  composition_NN  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  abandons_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  Monsieur_NNSB1  Teste_NP  ,_,  so_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  devote_VV0  all_DB  his_APP$  time_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  to_IO  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  universal_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  such_DA  ,_,  in_IO  outline_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  only_RR  a_DA  little_DA  simplification_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  concerning_IO  inspiration_NN  and_CC  technique_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  formulated_VBN  clear_JJ  distinctions_NNS  between_IO    total_JJ  inspiration_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  forms_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  called_VBN    intermittent_JJ    ,_,    intuitive_JJ    ,_,    exalted_JJ    and_CC    personal_JJ    ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  rejects_VBZ  them_PPHO1  by_IO  implication_NN  .  
    attributed_JJ  inspiration_NN    would_VM  presumably_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  accepted_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  five_MC  forms_NNS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  rejected_VBN  :_:  his_APP$  theory_NN  allows_VBZ  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  completely_RR  dispensed_VBN  with_IO  .  
  but_CCB  is_VBZ  his_APP$  theory_NN  convincing_JJ  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  conceptions_NNS  of_IO  creation_NN  implicit_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  technique_&FW  litte*?2raire_&FW  article_NN  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  which_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  has_VHZ  something_PN1  in_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  impression_NN  ,_,  dream_NN  or_CC  thought_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  must_VM  communicate_VV0  by_IO  controlled_JJ  technique_NN  .  
  whilst_CS  surely_RR  nearer_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  theory_NN  that_PNQS works_VBZ  backwards_RR  ,_,  even_RR  this_DD1  conception_NN  seems_VBZ  mechanistic_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  simple_JJ  and_CC  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  Vale*?2ry_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  examine_VV0  how_CS impression_NN  ,_,  dream_NN  or_CC  thought_NN  originate_VV0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  any_DD  possible_JJ  dynamism_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  initial_JJ  impetus_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  emotion_NN  or_CC  excitement_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  commonly_RR  envisaged_VBN  as_IO  attributes_NNS  of_IO  inspiration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  conceded_VBN  that_CS  poetry_NN  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  the_AT1  communication_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  accordingly_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sound_JJ  to_TO  claim_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  poet_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  audience_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  more_DA  knowledge_NN  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  of_IO  this_DD1  audience_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  art_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surely_RR  not_XX  simply_RR  a_AT1  question_NN  ,_,  in_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  having_VHG  something_PN1  clearly_RR  formed_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  even_RR  something_PN1  so_RG  vague_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  transferring_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  a_AT1  reader_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  technique_NN  of_IO  language_NN  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  surely_RR  is_VBZ  (_(  and_CC  the_AT1  mature_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  certainly_RR  subscribed_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  view_NN  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  poet_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  clarifying_VBG  and_CC  making_VBG  enjoyably_RR  articulate_JJ  for_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  the_AT1  reader_NN  something_PN1  within_IO  him_PPHO1  which_DDQ  does_VBZ  not_XX  exist_VV0  as_IO  poetry_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  poem_NN  is_VBZ  composed_VBN  .  
  given_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  language_NN  and_CC  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  poet_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  extent_NN  ,_,  discovering_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  composes_VBZ  the_AT1  poem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  poem_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  compromise_NN  between_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  initially_RR  (_(  and_CC  this_DD1  phrase_NN    what_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0    is_VBZ  perhaps_RR  too_RG  rational_JJ  and_CC  explicit_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  what_DDQ  for_IO  many_DA  poets_NNS  is_VBZ  vague_JJ  and_CC  more_DA  anticipation_NN  than_IO  exact_JJ  intention_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  )_)  ,_,  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  new_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  express_VV0  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  actually_RR  composes_VBZ  the_AT1  poem_NN  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  aspects_NNS  of_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  will_VM  indeed_RR  be_VB0  admirably_RR  brought_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  mature_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  .  
  Louis_NP  MacNeice_NP  writes_VBZ  of_IO  that_DD1    dialect_NN  of_IO  purification_NN    whereby_CS a_AT1  poem_NN  is_VBZ  produced_VBN  ,_,  *"_*'  a_AT1  poem_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  neither_LE  the_AT1  experience_NN  nor_CC  the_AT1  memory_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  an_AT1  abstract_JJ  dance_NN  of_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  new_JJ  life_NN  composite_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  .  **"_**'  
  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  poetry_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  of_IO  self-knowledge_NN  particularly_RR  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  to_TO  compose_VV0  .  
  Vale*?2ry_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  youth_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  show_VV0  much_DA  awareness_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  aspects_NNS  of_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  and_CC  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  self-knowledge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  obsessed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  notion_NN  of_IO  art_NN  as_IO  communication_NN  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  poet_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  reader_NN  react_VV0  as_CS  he_PPHO1  wishes_VBZ  by_IO  his_APP$  all-conquering_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  indulges_VBZ  in_IO  poetic_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  slave_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  and_CC  to_IO  language_NN  :_:  **[FOREIGN-QUOTATION**]_&FW  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  thus_RR  led_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  theory_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  revealed_VBN  with_IO  some_DD  uncertainty_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  technique_&FW  litte*?2raire_&FW  article_NN  and_CC  unequivocally_RR  expounded_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  introduction_&FW  a*?3_&FW  la_&FW  me*?2thode_&FW  de_&FW  Le*?2onard_&FW  de_&FW  Vinci_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  theory_NN  according_IO  to_II  which_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  works_VBZ  backwards_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  .  
  this_DD1  stands_VBZ  condemned_VBN  on_IO  two_MC  counts_NNS  .  
  firstly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  partial_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  ,_,  neglecting_VBG  the_AT1  personal_JJ  contribution_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  poet_NN  can_VM  ,_,  must_VM  ,_,  make_VV0  (_(  \0i.e_RR    personal_JJ  inspiration_NN    ;_;  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO    intermittent_JJ    ,_,    intuitive_JJ    and_CC    exalted_JJ  inspiration_NN    )_)  .  
  Vale*?2ry_NP  is_VBZ  at_RR  least_RR  consistent_JJ  :_:  having_VHG  defined_VBN  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  art_NN  as_IO    une_&FW  machine_&FW  destine*?2e_&FW  a*?3_&FW  exciter_&FW  et_&FW  a*?3_&FW  combiner_&FW  les_&FW  formations_&FW  individuelles_&FW  de_&FW  ces_&FW  esprits_&FW    (_(  the_AT1  public_NN  )_)  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rejects_VBZ  such_DA  an_AT1  activity_NN  as_CS  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  time-wasting_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  more_RG  important_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  his_APP$  initial_JJ  definition_NN  of_IO  art_NN  is_VBZ  faulty_JJ  ,_,  incomplete_JJ  .  
  secondly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  stands_VBZ  condemned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  inadequacy_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  presentation_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  is_VBZ  art_NN  ill_RR  defined_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  details_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  psychology_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  triumphant_JJ  technique_NN  is_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  depend_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  adequate_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  language_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  adequate_JJ  conception_NN  of_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  such_CS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  in_IO  later_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  few_DA  would_VM  question_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  technique_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  how_CS many_DA  would_VM  subscribe_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  exaggerated_JJ  thesis_NN  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  Vale*?2ry_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  youth_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  is_VBZ  more_RG  significant_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  detached_JJ  humour_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  Vale*?2ry_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1919_MC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  note_&FW  et_&FW  digression_&FW  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  introduction_&FW  a*?3_&FW  la_&FW  me*?2thode_&FW  de_&FW  Le*?2onard_&FW  de_&FW  Vinci_&FW  ,_,  looks_VBZ  back_RP  ,_,  not_XX  without_IO  sympathy_NN  despite_IO  the_AT1  detachment_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  ideas_NNS  and_CC  difficulties_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  in_IO  1894_MC  ,_,  about_RR  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  introduction_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  excuses_VBZ  himself_PPX1  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  not_XX  really_RR  explain_VV0  enough_DD  for_IO  our_APP$  purposes_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  still_RR  left_VBN  wondering_VBG  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  this_DD1  absolute_JJ  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  technique_NN  and_CC  why_CS therefore_RR  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  that_CS  poetry_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  composed_VBN  without_IO  any_DD  trace_NN  of_IO  inspiration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Poe_NP  and_CC  Mallarme*?2_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  part_NN  it_PPH1  played_VVD  in_IO  Vale*?2ry's_PPIO2  abandonment_NN  of_IO  poetry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  programme_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN  and_CC  self-knowledge_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  clearly_RR  indicated_VBN  by_IO  Vale*?2ry_NP  himself_PPX1  and_CC  often_RR  discussed_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  critics_NNS  .  
  less_DA  attention_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  influence_NN  probably_RR  no_RR  less_RG  potent_JJ  :_:  that_DD1  of_IO  contemporary_JJ  scientific_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  decades_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  were_VBDR  an_AT1  age_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  rift_NN  between_IO  philosophy_NN  and_CC  science_NN  widened_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  evident_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  reality_NN  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  viewpoint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scientist_NN  was_VBDZ  cautious_JJ  of_IO  claiming_VBG  to_TO  interpret_VV0  or_CC  explain_VV0  phenomena_NNS  :_:  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  reality_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  multiple_JJ  facets_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS sought_VVD  to_TO  understand_VV0  this_DD1  reality_NN  .  
  his_APP$  understanding_NN  was_VBDZ  necessarily_RR  subjective_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  hope_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  attempt_NN  to_TO  capture_VV0  the_AT1  manifold_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  reality_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  reality_NN  as_IO  such_DA  had_VHD  no_AT1  meaning_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  we_PPIS2  who_PNQS supply_VV0  the_AT1  meaning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  upshot_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  tendencies_NNS  of_IO  enlightened_JJ  positivism_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  scientist_NN  avoided_VVD  any_DD  metaphysical_JJ  claims_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  discoveries_NNS  (_(  similarly_RR  ,_,  Vale*?2ry_NP  had_VHD  rejected_VBN  philosophy_NN  ,_,  metaphysics_NN  ,_,  any_DD  form_NN  of_IO    absolute_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  sense_NN  )_)  :_:  he_PPHO1  sought_VVD  a_AT1  limited_JJ  goal_NN  ,_,  continuity_NN  ,_,  by_IO  establishing_VBG  relationships_NNS  between_IO  phenomena_NNS  .  
  Henri_NP  Poincare*?2_NP  probably_RR  played_VVD  a_AT1  decisive_JJ  ro*?5le_NN  in_IO  causing_VBG  Vale*?2ry_NP  to_TO  shift_VV0  his_APP$  attention_NN    from_IO    objects_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2    to_IO  the_AT1    relationships_NNS  existing_VBG  between_IO  objects_NNS    ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  alone_RR  is_VBZ  any_DD  meaning_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .    
  thanks_IO  to_II  his_APP$  purely_RR  personal_JJ  preoccupations_NNS  (_(  his_APP$  cult_NN  of_IO  consciousness_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  reaction_NN  against_IO  love_NN  and_CC  poetry_NN  ,_,    les_&FW  choses_&FW  vagues_&FW    generally_RR  )_)  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Mallarme*?2's_PPIO2  formalism_NN  ,_,  Vale*?2ry_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  1890s_MC2  well_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  of_IO    relations_NNS    as_IO  opposed_II  to_II    objects_NNS  in_IO  themselves_PPX2    .  
  marked_JJ  similarities_NNS  of_IO  attitude_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  views_NNS  of_IO  Poincare*?2_NP  and_CC  Vale*?2ry_NP  on_IO  intellectual_JJ  creation_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  poetic_JJ  and_CC  scientific_JJ  .  
  Vale*?2ry_NP  writes_VBZ  in_IO  1919_MC  :_:  *"_*'    toutes_&FW  choses_&FW  se_&FW  substituent_&FW  ,_,    ne_&FW  serait-ce_&FW  pas_&FW  la_&FW  de*?2finition_&FW  des_&FW  choses_&FW  .  **"_**'  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  1944_MC  ,_,  looking_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  youth_NN  :_:  **[FOREIGN-QUOTATION**]_&FW  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  Vale*?2ry_NP  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1    esprit_&FW  universel_&FW    ,_,  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  or_CC  Napoleon_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  supreme_JJ  secret_NN  *"_*'  est_&FW  et_&FW  ne_&FW  peut_&FW  e*?5tre_&FW  que_&FW  dans_&FW  les_&FW  relations_&FW  qu'ils_&FW  trouve*?3rent_&FW  ,_,    qu'ils_&FW  furent_&FW  force*?2s_&FW  de_&FW  trouver_&FW  ,_,    entre_&FW  des_&FW  choses_&FW  dont_&FW  nous_&FW  e*?2chappe_&FW  la_&FW  loi_&FW  de_&FW  continuite*?2_&FW  .  **"_**'  
  Vale*?2ry_NP  is_VBZ  drawn_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rigour_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  universality_NN  of_IO  mathematics_NN  and_CC  of_IO  positivistic_JJ  science_NN  generally_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  his_APP$  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  introduction_&FW  ,_,  his_APP$  Monsieur_NNSB1  Teste_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  animated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  central_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  continu_&FW  ;_;  his_APP$  attitude_NN  before_IO  1900_MC  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  long_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  date_NN  ,_,  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Poincare*?2_NP  ,_,  rests_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  postulate_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  explain_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  relations_NNS  between_IO  all_DB  phenomena_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  eventually_RR  .  
  the_AT1  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  introduction_&FW  believes_VBZ  that_CS  our_APP$  inability_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  everything_PN1  minutely_RR  and_CC  clearly_RR  is_VBZ  due_JJ  merely_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  infirmity_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  senses_NNS  ;_;  such_DA  was_VBDZ  Clerk_NP  Maxwell's_PPIO2  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  as_CS  exemplified_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  imaginary_JJ  demon_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  perform_VV0  various_JJ  fantastic_JJ  tasks_NNS  beyond_IO  the_AT1  powers_NNS  of_IO  ordinary_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  universal_JJ  mind_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  transform_VV0  discontinu_&FW  into_IO  continu_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tacit_JJ  assumption_NN  that_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  process_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  continued_VBN  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  fit_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  already_RR  know_VV0  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  discontinu_&FW  ,_,  past_NN  ,_,  present_NN  or_CC  future_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  transformed_VBN  into_IO  continu_&FW  .  
  Maxwell's_PPIO2  demon_NN  is_VBZ  essentially_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  monster_NN  as_IO  Vale*?2ry's_PPIO2  da_&FW  Vinci_NP    a_AT1  projection_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  infinite_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  positivistic_JJ  belief_NN  in_IO  rapports_&FW  and_CC  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  explaining_VBG  the_AT1  relationships_NNS  between_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  Maxwell's_PPIO2  demon_NN  and_CC  Vale*?2ry's_PPIO2  da_&FW  Vinci_NP  (_(  or_CC  Teste_NP  )_)  are_VBR  what_DDQ  Poincare*?2_NP  ,_,  Maxwell_NP  and_CC  Vale*?2ry_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  hoped_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0    the_AT1  universal_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  this_DD1  Maxwell-_JB  Poincare*?2-_JJB"  Vale*?2ry_JJB"  relationship_NN  becomes_VBZ  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  understandable_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  remember_VV0  that_CS  Poincare*?2_NP  ,_,  naturally_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  well_RR  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Maxwell_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Vale*?2ry_NP  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  both_DB2  Poincare*?2_NP  and_CC  Maxwell_NP  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  how_CS Vale*?2ry_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  transfer_VV0  his_APP$  interests_NNS  and_CC  hopes_NNS  from_IO  poetic_JJ  creation_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  positivistic_JJ  ideal_NN  of_IO  universal_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  youthful_JJ  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  impatience_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  later_RRR  acknowledged_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  note_&FW  et_&FW  digression_&FW  of_IO  1919_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  fathoms_VBZ  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  ,_,    le_&FW  proble*?3me_&FW  litte*?2raire_&FW    in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  abandons_VBZ  poetic_JJ  composition_NN  :_:  **[FOREIGN-QUOTATION**]_&FW  
  Poe_NP  and_CC  Mallarme*?2_NP  had_VHD  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  ,_,  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  direction_NN  as_IO  Poincare*?2_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  strong_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  belief_NN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  une_&FW  sorte_&FW  de_&FW  contraste_&FW  entre_&FW  l'exercice_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  litte*?2rature_&FW  et_&FW  la_&FW  poursuite_&FW  d'une_&FW  certaine_&FW  rigueur_&FW  et_&FW  d'une_&FW  entie*?3re_&FW  since*?2rite*?2_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  pense*?2e_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  Fostat_NP  contract_NN  of_IO  1186-7_MC-MC  lists_NNS  among_IO  other_DA  objects_NNS    two_MC  Sepher-crowns_NNS  made_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  silver_NN  .    
  this_DD1  form_NN  of_IO  ornament_NN  was_VBDZ  naturally_RR  suggested_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Rabbinic_JJ  dictum_NN  cited_VBN  above_II  which_DDQ  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  dignity_NN  of_IO  learning_NN  as_IO    the_AT1  crown_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN      a_AT1  phrase_NN  inscribed_VBN  innumerable_JJ  times_NNS  on_IO  such_DA  objects_NNS  and_CC  others_DA2  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  synagogue_NN  ritual_NN  .  
  these_DD2  objects_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  became_VVD  known_VBN  generally_RR  as_IO  atarah_&FW  ,_,  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  outset_NN  especially_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  southern_JJ  Europe_NP  .  
  Aaron_NP  of_IO  Lunel_NP  tells_VBZ  in_IO  his_PP$  Sepher_&FW  haManhig_&FW  how_CS in_IO  1203_MC  he_PPHO1  persuaded_VVD  some_DD  community_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  visited_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  southern_JJ  France_NP  or_CC  Spain_NP  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  silver_NN  crown_NN  (_(  atarah_&FW  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  Sepher_&FW  Torah_&FW  instead_RR  of_IO  decorating_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  miscellaneous_JJ  female_JJ  adornments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  contract_NN  already_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  of_IO  March_NN1  12_MC  ,_,  1439_MC  between_IO  the_AT1  Avignonese_JJ  silversmith_NN  Robin_NP  Tissard_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  baylons_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  Jewish_JJ  community_NN  of_IO  Arles_NP  was_VBDZ  for_IO  manufacture_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  total_JJ  sum_NN  of_IO  fifty_MC  florins_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  an_AT1  atarah_&FW  for_IO  the_AT1    scroll_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jews_NP2  ,_,    hexagonal_JJ  in_IO  shape_NN  ,_,  superimposed_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  copper_NN  drum_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  Tissard_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  provided_VBN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  six_MC  towers_NNS    one_MC1  at_IO  each_DD1  corner_NN    the_AT1  top_NN  crenellated_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  fortress_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  surface_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  engraved_VBN  in_IO  imitation_NN  of_IO  masonry_NN  .  
  chains_NNS  and_CC  columns_NNS  decorated_VBN  with_IO  lions'_NN2  heads_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  .  
  referring_VBG  to_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  impressive_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  expressionist_JJ  painting_NN  ,_,  Ensor_NP  himself_PPX1  stated_VVD  that_CS      je_&FW  me_&FW  suis_&FW  joyeusement_&FW  confine*?2_&FW  dans_&FW  le_&FW  milieu_&FW  solitaire_&FW  ou*?3_&FW  tro*?5ne_&FW  le_&FW  masque_&FW  ,_,  tout_&FW  de_&FW  violence_&FW  ,_,  de_&FW  lumie*?3re_&FW  et_&FW  d'e*?2clat_&FW  .  
  le_&FW  masque_&FW  me_&FW  dit_&FW  :_:  fraicheur_&FW  de_&FW  ton_&FW  ,_,  expression_&FW  suraigue"_&FW  ,_,  de*?2cor_&FW  somptueux_&FW  ,_,  grands_&FW  gestes_&FW  inattendus_&FW  ,_,  mouvements_&FW  de*?2sordonne*?2s_&FW  .    
  following_IO  the_AT1  Belgian_JJ  school_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  Nabis_NP2  with_IO  fine_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  intimiste_NN  work_NN  of_IO  Vuillard_NP  and_CC  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  of_IO  Bonnard_NP  whose_PNQV$  nu_&FW  a*?3_&FW  ,_,  painted_VBN  in_IO  1908_MC  ,_,  and_CC  lent_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Muse*?2es_&FW  Royaux_&FW  des_&FW  Beaux-Arts_&FW  de_&FW  Belgique_&FW  ,_,  Bruxelles_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  possessed_VBN  of_IO  every_AT1  single_JJ  quality_NN  of_IO  drawing_NN  ,_,  painting_NN  and_CC  composition_NN  that_PNQS any_DD  ,_,  and_CC  every_AT1  ,_,  artist_NN  seeks_VBZ  to_TO  achieve_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  exhibition_NN  of_IO    Les_&FW  sources_&FW  du_&FW  20e*?3me_&FW  Sie*?3cle_&FW    has_VHZ  been_VBN  so_RG  well_RR  planned_VBN  and_CC  displayed_VBN  that_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  continually_RR  startled_VBN  and_CC  excited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  contrasting_JJ  schools_NNS  and_CC  groups_NNS  of_IO  artists_NNS  that_PNQS confront_VV0  one_MC1  as_CS  one_MC1  moves_VBZ  on_RP  from_IO  room_NN  to_IO  room_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  reposed_JJ  and_CC  subdued_JJ  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Nabis_NP2  we_PPIS2  suddenly_RR  come_VV0  face_NN  to_IO  face_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  agitated_JJ  ,_,  violent_JJ  chromatic_JJ  paintings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Fauves_NP2  and_CC  the_AT1  cynical_JJ  ,_,  cruel_JJ  expressionism_NN  of_IO  Rouault_NP  whose_PNQV$  large_JJ  strident_JJ  water-colour_NN  on_IO  paper_NN  of_IO  \0M_NNSB1  et_&FW  \0Mme_NNSB1  Poulot_NP  (_(  collection_NN  of_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Philippe_NP  Leclercq_NP  ,_,  Hem_NP  )_)  reproduced_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  greatest_JJT  works_NNS  .  
  next_RR  come_VV0  the_AT1  German_JJ  expressionists_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  paintings_NNS  of_IO  Nolde_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Munch_NP  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  been_VBN  carefully_RR  selected_VBN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  important_JJ  role_NN  that_PNQS this_DD1  school_NN  played_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  20th-century_JB  art_NN  .  
  l'angoisse_&FW  ,_,  by_IO  Munch_NP  (_(  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  reproduced_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  and_CC  lent_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Collections_&FW  Municipales_&FW  des_&FW  Beaux-Arts_&FW  ,_,  Oslo_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  say_VV0  the_AT1  least_DA  ,_,  agonizing_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  able_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  section_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  very_RG  revealing_JJ  (_(  for_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  public_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  )_)  in_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  accent_NN  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RRR  on_IO  arts_NNS  and_CC  crafts_NNS  than_CS  on_IO  painting_NN  and_CC  sculpture_NN  .  
  the_AT1  artist-architect_NN  who_PNQS stands_VBZ  out_RP  most_RG  prominently_RR  is_VBZ  Charles_NP  \0F_NP  Annesley_NP  Voysey_NP  ,_,  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  workers_NNS  guild_NN  and_CC  nominated_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  1936_MC  ,_,  royal_JJ  designer_NN  for_IO  industry_NN  .  
  principal_JB  among_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  exhibits_NNS  lent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Victoria_NP  and_CC  Albert_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  enchanting_JJ  tapestry_NN  ,_,  designed_VBN  by_IO  Voysey_NP  and_CC  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  executed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  1899_MC  ,_,  by_IO  Alexander_NP  Morton_NP  and_CC  \0Co_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  delightful_JJ  wall-paper_NN  designs_NNS  by_IO  Arthur_NP  Heygate_NP  Macmurdo_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  close_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  William_NP  Morris_NP  and_CC  of_IO  Ruskin_NP  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  elegant_JJ  designs_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  British_JJ  artists_NNS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  shown_VBN  the_AT1  fantastic_JJ  French_JJ    style_&FW  metro_&FW    furniture_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  .  
  a_AT1  complete_JJ  dining-room_NN  suite_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  transported_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Muse*?2e_&FW  de_&FW  l'E*?2cole_&FW  de_&FW  Nancy_NP  and_CC  installed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  separate_JJ  room_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ensemble_NN  ,_,  executed_VBN  in_IO  1903_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  believed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  likewise_RR  applies_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  ghastly_JJ  style_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Lit_&FW  Papillon_&FW    ,_,  also_RR  lent_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  in_IO  Nancy_NP  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  in_IO  France_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  craftsmen_NNS  produced_VVD  furniture_NN  and_CC  fittings_NNS  of_IO  extraordinary_JJ  and_CC  extravagant_JJ  design_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  reign_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  sensational_JJ    works_NNS  of_IO  art_NN    were_VBDR  fabricated_VBN  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  startling_JJ  dining-room_NN  table_NN  centre-piece_NN  ,_,  executed_VBN  by_IO  Alfred_NP  Gilbert_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  assistants_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  commemorate_VV0  the_AT1  jubilee_NN  of_IO  Queen_NNSB1  Victoria_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1887_MC  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  her_APP$  majesty_NN  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  has_VHZ  graciously_RR  lent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  exhibition_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  contrast_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  continues_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cubists_NP2  and_CC  important_JJ  painting-collages_NNS  by_IO  Braque_NP  and_CC  Picasso_NP  .  
  Le*?2ger_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  exhibited_VBN  to_IO  marked_JJ  advantage_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  cubist_JJ  composition_NN  ,_,  la_&FW  noce_&FW  ,_,  painted_VBN  in_IO  1910_MC  ,_,  and_CC  owned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  Guillaume_NP  Apollinaire_NP  ,_,  speaking_VBG  of_IO  this_DD1  canvas_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  .  
    les_&FW  gens_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Noce_&FW  se_&FW  dissimulent_&FW  l'un_&FW  derrie*?3re_&FW  l'autre_&FW  .  
  encore_&FW  un_&FW  petit_&FW  effort_&FW  pour_&FW  se_&FW  de*?2barrasser_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  perspective_&FW  ,_,  du_&FW  truc_&FW  mise*?2rable_&FW  ,_,  de_&FW  la_&FW  perspective_&FW  ,_,  de_&FW  cette_&FW  quatrie*?3me_&FW  dimension_&FW  a*?3_&FW  rebours_&FW  ,_,  la_&FW  perspective_&FW  ,_,  de_&FW  ce_&FW  moyen_&FW  de_&FW  tout_&FW  rapetisser_&FW  ine*?2vitablement_&FW  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  grandfather_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Peintres_&FW  de_&FW  Dimanche_&FW  ,_,  Le_&FW  Douanier_&FW  Rousseau_NP  .  
  his_APP$  charmeuse_&FW  de_&FW  serpents_&FW  (_(  from_IO  the_AT1  Louvre_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  surely_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  natural_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  primitive_JJ  paintings_NNS  .  
  der_&FW  Blaue_&FW  Reiter_&FW  group_NN  of_IO  avant-garde_JJ  artists_NNS  is_VBZ  admirably_RR  represented_VBN  with_IO  important_JJ  paintings_NNS  by_IO  Kandinsky_NP  ,_,  among_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  composition_NN  entitled_VBN  avec_&FW  l'arc_&FW  noir_&FW  ,_,  painted_VBN  in_IO  1912_MC  ,_,  and_CC  lent_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  widow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  artist_NN  ;_;  by_IO  Jawlensky_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  portait_&FW  de_&FW  jeune_&FW  fille_&FW  (_(  from_IO  the_AT1  Kunstmuseum_NP  ,_,  Dusseldorf_NP  )_)  is_VBZ  a_AT1  superb_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  ;_;  and_CC  by_IO  Franz_NP  Marc_NP  whose_PNQV$  well-known_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  les_&FW  trois_&FW  chevaux_&FW  rouges_&FW  (_(  lent_VBN  by_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Paul_NP  Geier_NP  ,_,  Rome_NP  )_)  typifies_VBZ  his_APP$  search_NN  after_IO  the_AT1    spiritualization_NN  of_IO  nature_NN    .  
  nearby_RR  are_VBR  hung_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  small_JJ  water-colours_NNS  and_CC  drawings_NNS  by_IO  Klee_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  artist_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  very_RG  important_JJ  and_CC  instructive_JJ  exhibition_NN  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  poorly_RR  represented_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  originality_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fascination_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  very_RG  individual_JJ  art_NN  certainly_RR  merited_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  this_DD1  .  
  futurism_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  short-lived_JJ  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  century_NN  revolutionary_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  founded_VBN  by_IO  Marinetti_NP  who_PNQS spoke_VVD  of_IO    a_AT1  roaring_JJ  motor-car_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  runs_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  machine-gun_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  more_RG  beautiful_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  winged_JJ  victory_NN  of_IO  Samothrace_NP  .    is_VBZ  mainly_RR  represented_VBN  by_IO  Boccioni_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  disturbing_JJ  quasi-religious_JJ  composition_NN  entitled_VBN  matie*?3re_&FW  (_(  lent_VBN  by_IO  \0M_NNSB1  Gianni_NP  Mattioli_NP  ,_,  Milan_NP  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  modern_JJ  abstract_JJ  painting_NN  is_VBZ  fully_RR  exemplified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Mondrian_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  exhibition_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  intrigued_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  l'arbre_&FW  rouge_&FW  (_(  from_IO  the_AT1  Gemeente_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  La_NP  Haye_NP  )_)  for_CS  I_PPIS1  always_RR  remember_VV0  Mondrian_NP  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  studio_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  painting_VBG  a_AT1  lamp-post_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  !_!  
    les_&FW  sources_&FW  du_&FW  20e*?3me_&FW  Sie*?3cle_&FW    exhibition_NN  concludes_VBZ  with_IO  some_DD  fine_JJ  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  Modigliani_NP  ,_,  de_&FW  Chirico_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Chagall_NP  .  
  Kokoschka_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  pleased_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  very_RG  well_RR  represented_VBN  with_IO  several_DA  portraits_NNS  and_CC  landscapes_NNS  which_DDQ  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  true_JJ  talent_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  artist_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  still_RR  not_XX  sufficiently_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  appreciated_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  much_DA  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  about_IO  many_DA  other_DA  interesting_JJ  exhibitions_NNS  now_RL  taking_VBG  place_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  sacrificed_VBN  my_APP$  allotted_JJ  space_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  outstanding_JJ  exhibition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  .  
  thus_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  obliged_VBN  to_TO  leave_VV0  reviews_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  sculpture_NN  by_IO  Lilla_NP  Kunvari_NP  (_(  at_IO  the_AT1  Galeries_NPLS  Raymond_NP  Duncan_NP  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  enamels_NNS  ,_,  by_IO  Andre*?2_NP  Marchand_NP  (_(  at_IO  the_AT1  Galerie_NNL1  David_NP  &_CC  Garnier_NP  )_)  ;_;  of_IO  painting_NN  by_IO  De_NP  Gallard_NP  (_(  at_IO  the_AT1  newly_RR  opened_VBN  Galerie_NNL1  Herve*?2_NP  )_)  ;_;  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  annual_JJ  E*?2cole_NP  de_&FW  Paris_NP  show_NN  (_(  at_IO  the_AT1  Galerie_NNL1  Charpentier_NP  )_)  until_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  issue_NN  .  
  new_JJ  art_NN  galleries_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  spring_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  Paris_NP  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  since_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  calculated_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  figure_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  not_XX  far_RR  off_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  hundred_MC  mark_NN  .  
  as_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  busiest_JJT  seasons_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  for_IO  exhibitions_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  receiving_VBG  daily_RR  so_RG  many_DA  invitations_NNS  for_IO  private_JJ  views_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  decide_VV0  which_WDTI  shows_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  worth_IO  seeing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  left_JJ  bank_NN  galleries_NNS  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  invitation_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  exhibition_NN  and_CC  stamped_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  envelope_NN  was_VBDZ      les_&FW  tableux_&FW  sont_&FW  le_&FW  meilleur_&FW  placement_&FW  au_&FW  monde_&FW    (_(    paintings_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  best_JJT  investment_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN    )_)  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  proof_NN  enough_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  profitable_JJ  business_NN  now_RL  being_VBG  done_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  dealers_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  boom_NN  .  
  after_IO  reviewing_VBG  the_AT1  remarkable_JJ  exhibition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Museum_NNL1  of_IO  modern_JJ  art_NN  ,_,  of_IO    sources_&FW  du_&FW  20e*?3me_&FW  Sie*?3cle_&FW    ,_,  in_IO  last_DA  month's_NN1$  Paris_NP  commentary_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  space_NN  enough_DD  left_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  Lilla_NP  Kunvari's_PPIO2  sculpture_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  Galeries_NPLS  Raymond_NP  Duncan_NP  ;_;  and_CC  Michel_NP  de_&FW  Gallard's_PPIO2  paintings_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Herve*?2_NP  gallery_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  followed_VBN  the_AT1  progress_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  talented_JJ  young_JJ  artist's_NN1$  work_NN  since_CS  I_PPIS1  called_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  shortly_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  tiny_JJ  ,_,  drab_JJ    studio_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  squalid_JJ  La_NP  Ruche_NP  building_NN  way_RR  over_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  15th_MD  arrondissement_NN  .  
  de_&FW  Gallard_NP  managed_VVD  to_TO  escape_VV0  from_IO  La_NP  Ruche_NP  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  now_RL  lives_VBZ  outside_IO  Paris_NP  where_CS he_PPHO1  leads_VBZ  a_AT1  retired_JJ  and_CC  happy_JJ  life_NN  painting_VBG  realistic_JJ  scenes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  drawing_NN  has_VHZ  gained_VBN  in_IO  strength_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  palette_NN  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  more_RG  varied_JJ  while_CS  he_PPHO1  seeks_VBZ  to_TO  bring_VV0  more_DA  light_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  well_RR  balanced_JJ  compositions_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  impressive_JJ  Cathedrale_&FW  de_&FW  sens_&FW  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  reproduced_VBN  in_IO  last_DA  month's_NN1$  studio_NN  ,_,  testified_VVD  to_IO  these_DD2  qualities_NNS  .  
  Lilla_NP  Kunvari_NP  is_VBZ  an_AT1  able_JJ  Hungarian_JJ  sculptor_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  educated_VBN  in_IO  France_NP  and_CC  who_PNQS studied_VVD  art_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Paris_NP  academies_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  drawings_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  force_NN  of_IO  Rodin_NP  while_CS  her_APP$  small_JJ  terra-cotta_NN  busts_NNS  and_CC  figures_NNS  (_(  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  l'orateur_&FW  :_:  see_VV0  my_APP$  last_DA  Paris_NP  commentary_NN  )_)  recall_VV0  the_AT1  grotesque_JJ  heads_NNS  so_RG  cleverly_RR  caricatured_VBN  and_CC  modelled_VBN  by_IO  Daumier_NP  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  Lilla_NP  Kunvari's_PPIO2  art_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  appealing_JJ  individuality_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  thrilling_JJ  exhibitions_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  active_JJ  Galerie_NNL1  de_&FW  France_NP  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  recent_JJ  paintings_NNS  by_IO  Tamayo_NP  who_PNQS is_VBZ  considered_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  living_JJ  Mexican_JJ  artists_NNS  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  admired_VBN  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  less_RRR  known_VBN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  less_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.K_NP  .  
  Tamayo_NP  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  in_IO  Oaxaca_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1899_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_IO  painting_NN  when_CS very_RG  young_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  at_IO  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  age_NN  ,_,  studied_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Academie_&FW  des_&FW  Beaux-Arts_&FW  de_&FW  San_NP  Carlos_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  Academy_NP  three_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  and_CC  devoted_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impressionists_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Cubists_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  one-man_JB  exhibition_NN  when_CS twenty-two_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  attempting_VBG  to_TO  combine_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  compositions_NNS  both_DB2  the_AT1  pre-Columbian_JJ  tradition_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  modern_JJ  expressionism_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  in_IO  1929_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nominated_VBN  Professor_NNSB1  at_IO  the_AT1  E*?2cole_&FW  des_&FW  Beaux-Arts_&FW  in_IO  Mexico_NP  City_NP  .  
  four_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  executed_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  outsize_JB  mural_JJ  decorations_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  E*?2cole_&FW  Nationale_&FW  de_&FW  Musique_&FW  ,_,  Mexico_NP  City_NP  .  
  in_IO  1943_MC  ,_,  Tamayo_NP  moved_VVD  to_IO  New_NP  York_NP  where_CS he_PPHO1  held_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  one-man_JB  show_NN  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  Pierre_NP  Matisse_NP  Gallery_NNL1  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  travelled_VBN  widely_RR  throughout_IO  Europe_NP  and_CC  has_VHZ  exhibited_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  big_JJ  international_JJ  shows_NNS  while_CS  executing_VBG  frescoes_NNS  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  and_CC  spoke_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Paris_NP  during_IO  his_APP$  exhibition_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Galerie_NNL1  de_&FW  France_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  hasten_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Mexico_NP  City_NP  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  start_VV0  work_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  mural_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Muse*?2e_&FW  de_&FW  l'Histoire_&FW  which_DDQ  will_VM  measure_VV0  about_RR  100_MC  metres_NNS  by_IO  15_MC  metres_NNS  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  reckoned_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  will_VM  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  full_JJ  year's_NN1$  hard_JJ  work_NN  to_TO  complete_VV0  .  
  Tamayo_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  prodigious_JJ  worker_NN  .  
  the_AT1  twenty-five_MC  canvases_NNS  on_IO  view_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Galerie_NNL1  de_&FW  France_NP  represented_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  produced_VBN  in_IO  1960_MC  .  
  his_APP$  particular_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  striking_JJ  originality_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  apparent_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  strange_JJ  and_CC  unusual_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  Mexican_JJ  folklore_NN  art_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  quasi-abstract_JJ  European_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  painting_NN  ,_,  as_CS  can_VM  be_VB0  judged_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  homme_&FW  au_&FW  mur_&FW  ,_,  reproduced_VBN  here_RL  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  there_EX  exists_VBZ  a_AT1  fantasy_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  smaller_JJ  canvases_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  reminds_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  intriguing_JJ  and_CC  charming_JJ  esprit_NN  of_IO  Paul_NP  Klee_NP  .  
  a_AT1  certain_JJ  cubist_JJ  expressionism_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  compositions_NNS  wherein_CS the_AT1  arithmetical_JJ  balance_NN  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  laws_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  golden_JJ  section_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  haunting_JJ  ,_,  evasive_JJ  ,_,  subtle_JJ  quality_NN  about_IO  his_APP$  colour_NN  orchestration_NN  of_IO  harmonies_NNS  of_IO  pastel_JJ  hues_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  texture_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  his_APP$  paintings_NNS  is_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  individual_JJ  and_CC  striking_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  Tamayo_NP  himself_PPX1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  secrets_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  :_:  he_PPHO1  mixes_VBZ  his_APP$  paint_NN  with_IO  powdered_JJ  marble_NN  .  
  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  widely_RR  advertised_VBN  but_CCB  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  opinion_NN  ,_,  of_IO  equal_JJ  importance_NN  and_CC  significance_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Tamayo_NP    though_CS  quite_RR  different_JJ  in_IO  aspect_NN    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  show_NN  held_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  re-opened_JJ  Galerie_NNL1  Jeanne_NP  Bucher_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Rue_NNL1  de_&FW  Seine_NP  ,_,  of_IO  recent_JJ  paintings_NNS  by_IO  Vieira_NP  da_&FW  Silva_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  work_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  always_RR  greatly_RR  admired_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  write_VV0  about_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  some_DD  length_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  forthcoming_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  articles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  on_IO  leading_JJ  abstract_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  near-abstract_JJ  ,_,  artists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  praise_VV0  her_PPHO1  work_VV0  here_RL  in_IO  short_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  like_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Tamayo_NP  ,_,  Vieira_NP  da_&FW  Silva's_PPIO2  paintings_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  individual_JJ  and_CC  original_JJ  and_CC  this_DD1  in_IO  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rare_JJ  enough_RGA  quality_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  English_JJ  and_CC  imported_JJ  medieval_JJ  pottery_NN  from_IO  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  ,_,  Kent_NP  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  trade_NN  in_IO  early_JJ  Hispano-Moresque_JJ  pottery_NN  to_IO  England_NP  .  
  by_IO  \0G_NP  \0C_NP  Dunning_NP  ,_,  \0F.S.A_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  medieval_JJ  pottery_NN  described_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  at_IO  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  in_IO  June_NN1  1959_MC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  smaller_JJ  of_IO  two_MC  stone-lined_JJ  pits_NNS  added_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reredorter_NN  was_VBDZ  cleared_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  pit_NN  measured_VVD  8_MC  \0ft_NNU  by_IO  5_MC  \0ft_NNU  internally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  about_RR  10_MC  \0ft_NNU  deep_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  filling_NN  ,_,  about_RR  7_MC  \0ft_NNU  in_IO  depth_NN  ,_,  consisted_VVD  of_IO  chalk_NN  and_CC  stone_NN  rubble_NN  ,_,  fragments_NNS  of_IO  sandy_JJ  mortar_NN  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  pieces_NNS  of_IO  worked_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  broken_JJ  roofing_NN  tiles_NNS  .  
  below_IO  this_DD1  filling_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  layer_NN  of_IO  dark_JJ  soil_NN  ,_,  about_RR  2_MC  \0ft_NNU  in_IO  depth_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pit_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  pottery_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  layer_NN  of_IO  dark_JJ  soil_NN  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  thus_RR  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  contemporary_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  absolutely_RR  sealed_VBN  by_IO  several_DA  feet_NNS  of_IO  building_NN  debris_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  indebted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  officers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  historic_JJ  buildings_NNS  section_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  County_NNL1  council_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  details_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  permission_NN  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  pottery_NN  and_CC  prepare_VV0  this_DD1  report_NN  for_IO  publication_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pottery_NN  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  six_MC  vessels_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  four_MC  are_VBR  almost_RR  complete_JJ  and_CC  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thrown_VBN  away_RP  whole_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  classes_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  two_MC  green-glazed_JJ  jugs_NNS  of_IO  types_NNS  frequently_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  made_VBN  in_IO  east_NN1  Surrey_NP  .  
  2_MC  .  
  an_AT1  unglazed_JJ  jug_NN  ,_,  probably_RR  made_VBN  at_IO  Limpsfield_NP  ,_,  Surrey_NP  .  
  3_MC  .  
  a_AT1  jug_NN  of_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  decorated_VBN  with_IO  birds_NNS  and_CC  shields_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  glazed_JJ  pitcher_NN  .  
  both_DB2  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  western_JJ  France_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  region_NN  of_IO  Saintes_NP  .  
  4_MC  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  cover_NN  of_IO  Hispano-Moresque_JJ  lustreware_NN  ,_,  imported_VBN  from_IO  Malaga_NP  .  
  the_AT1  group_NN  is_VBZ  outstanding_JJ  for_IO  several_DA  reasons_NNS  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  find_NN  pottery_NN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  is_VBZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  imports_NNS  from_IO  two_MC  different_JJ  countries_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  continent_NN  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  English_JJ  jugs_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  different_JJ  types_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  valuable_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  them_PPHO1  together_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  .  
  the_AT1  polychrome_JJ  jug_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  type_NN  long_RR  recognized_VBN  as_CS  imported_VBN  to_IO  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  brought_VBN  here_RL  by_IO  the_AT1  wine_NN  trade_NN  of_IO  Gascony_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cover_NN  of_IO  Spanish_JJ  lustreware_NN  is_VBZ  new_JJ  to_IO  British_JJ  medieval_JJ  archaeology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  increases_VBZ  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  imported_JJ  pottery_NN  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  reached_VBN  England_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  sea-trade_NN  .  
  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  is_VBZ  closely_RR  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  polychrome_JJ  jug_NN  .  
  pottery_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  class_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  western_JJ  France_NP  and_CC  exported_VBN  to_IO  England_NP  during_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  period_NN  .  
  the_AT1  available_JJ  evidence_NN  ,_,  cited_VBN  below_II  (_(  \0p_NN  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  points_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  \0c_RR  1280-1300_MC-MC  for_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  pottery_NN  from_IO  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  green-glazed_JJ  jugs_NNS  (_(  \0pl_NN  1a_MC  and_CC  \0figs_NNS  1_MC1  ,_,  2_MC  )_)  .  
  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  baluster_NN  jug_NN  ,_,  16_MC  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  light_JJ  grey_JJ  sandy_JJ  ware_NN  ,_,  mostly_RR  covered_VBN  outside_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  buff_JJ  slip_NN  ,_,  and_CC  glazed_VBN  streaky_JJ  light_JJ  green_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  and_CC  body_NN  to_IO  below_IO  the_AT1  bulge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  profile_NN  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  curve_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  demarcation_NN  between_IO  neck_NN  and_CC  body_NN  being_VBG  a_AT1  ridge_NN  at_IO  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  .  
  the_AT1  handle_NN  is_VBZ  plain_JJ  and_CC  circular_JJ  in_IO  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  is_VBZ  slightly_RR  moulded_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  sags_VBZ  slightly_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  typical_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  standard_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  baluster_NN  jug_NN  frequently_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  slender_JJ  form_NN  ,_,  absence_NN  of_IO  decoration_NN  ,_,  and_CC  unstable_JJ  base_NN  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  type_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  primarily_RR  intended_VBN  for_IO  use_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  rather_RR  for_IO  drawing_VBG  water_NN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  well_NN  .  
  that_DD1  pottery_NN  jugs_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  purpose_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  accumulation_NN  of_IO  over_RR  fifty_MC  jugs_NNS  ,_,  many_DA  intact_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  filling_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  medieval_JJ  well_NN  excavated_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0S_NP  \0S_NP  Frere_NP  between_IO  \0St_NNSB1  George's_PPIO2  Street_NNL1  and_CC  Burgate_NP  ,_,  Canterbury_NP  ,_,  in_IO  1952_MC  .  
  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  ovoid_JJ  jug_NN  ,_,  12_MC  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  light_JJ  grey_JJ  sandy_JJ  ware_NN  with_IO  light_JJ  reddish_JJ  buff_JJ  surface_NN  ,_,  covered_VBN  by_IO  yellow_JJ  slip_NN  .  
  mottled_JJ  green_JJ  glaze_NN  covers_VBZ  the_AT1  neck_NN  and_CC  body_NN  to_IO  below_IO  the_AT1  bulge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  neck_NN  is_VBZ  cylindrical_JJ  ,_,  separated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  bulbous_JJ  body_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  ridge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  base_NN  is_VBZ  retracted_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  foot-ring_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  jug_NN  stands_VBZ  steadily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  rim_NN  has_VHZ  an_AT1  outward_JB  slope_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  groove_NN  and_CC  moulding_NN  below_II  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  pinched_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  lip_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  broad_JJ  rounded_JJ  cordon_NN  between_IO  a_AT1  ridge_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  flat_JJ  cordon_NN  .  
  the_AT1  handle_NN  is_VBZ  plain_JJ  and_CC  circular_JJ  in_IO  section_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ovoid_JJ  jug_NN  with_IO  retracted_JJ  foot_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  type_NN  common_JJ  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  profusely_RR  decorated_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  contemporaneity_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  jugs_NNS  is_VBZ  confirmed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  finding_NN  of_IO  fragments_NNS  of_IO  both_DB2  types_NNS  in_IO  medieval_JJ  buildings_NNS  in_IO  Joyden's_PPIO2  Wood_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Bexley_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  occupation_NN  is_VBZ  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  period_NN  \0c_RR  1280-1320_MC-MC  .  
  the_AT1  kilns_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  made_VBN  have_VH0  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  located_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  probably_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  in_IO  east_NN1  Surrey_NP  .  
  one_MC1  site_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  Earlswood_NP  ,_,  where_CS potters'_NN2  refuse_NN  and_CC  wasters_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  known_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  unglazed_JJ  jug_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  3_MC  )_)  .  
  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  neck_NN  ,_,  body_NN  ,_,  and_CC  base_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  jug_NN  ,_,  about_RR  6.1_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  grey_JJ  sandy_JJ  ware_NN  with_IO  dark_JJ  grey_JJ  surface_NN  ,_,  unglazed_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  bulging_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  wide_JJ  sagging_JJ  base_NN  .  
  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  is_VBZ  marked_VBN  by_IO  fine_JJ  horizontal_JJ  grooves_NNS  and_CC  wheel-marks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  neck_NN  contracts_VBZ  upwards_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rim_NN  was_VBDZ  everted_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  handle_NN  is_VBZ  preserved_VBN  separately_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  roughly_RR  circular_JJ  in_IO  section_NN  ,_,  and_CC  deeply_RR  stab-marked_JJ  down_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  unglazed_JJ  jugs_NNS  of_IO  grey_JJ  ware_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  archaic_JJ  in_IO  character_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  known_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sites_NNS  in_IO  north-west_NN1  Kent_NP  .  
  the_AT1  major_JJ  site_NN  is_VBZ  Eynsford_NP  Castle_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS excavations_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  works_NNS  have_VH0  produced_VBN  many_DA  jugs_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  in_IO  deposits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thirteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  other_DA  sites_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  Joyden's_PPIO2  Wood_NNL1  near_IO  Bexley_NP  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  Bexley_NP  .  
  pottery_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  character_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  east_NN1  Surrey_NP  ,_,  where_CS at_RR  least_RR  one_MC1  kiln-site_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  .  
  recently_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Brian_NP  Hope-Taylor_NP  excavated_VVD  a_AT1  kiln_NN  and_CC  potter's_NN1$  workshop_NN  at_IO  Vicars_NNSB2  Haw_NP  ,_,  Limpsfield_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  produced_VVD  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  jugs_NNS  ,_,  cooking-pots_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  bowls_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  characteristics_NNS  given_VBN  above_II  .  
  3_MC  .  
  pottery_NN  from_IO  western_JJ  France_NP  .  
  polychrome_JJ  jug_NN  (_(  \0pl_NN  1b_MC  and_CC  \0fig_NN  4_MC  )_)  .  
  several_DA  fragments_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  nearly_RR  complete_JJ  jug_NN  ,_,  skilfully_RR  restored_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  institute_NN  of_IO  archaeology_NN  ,_,  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  jug_NN  ,_,  10.3_MC  \0in_NNU  high_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  thin_JJ  whitish_JJ  ware_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  colourless_JJ  glaze_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  surface_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  slender_JJ  pear-shape_NN  with_IO  retracted_JJ  foot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  decoration_NN  in_IO  free-style_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  bird_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  shield_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  third_MD  shield_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  spout_NN  .  
  the_AT1  figures_NNS  are_VBR  outlined_VBN  in_IO  dark_JJ  brown_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  birds_NNS  are_VBR  coloured_VBN  green_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  shields_NNS  are_VBR  orange-yellow_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  three_MC  bars_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  usual_JJ  two_MC  .  
  one_MC1  bird_NN  and_CC  two_MC  shields_NNS  are_VBR  nearly_RR  complete_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  decoration_NN  is_VBZ  fragmentary_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  bird_NN  and_CC  shield_NN  design_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  patterns_NNS  on_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  .  
  examples_NNS  ,_,  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  complete_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  known_VBN  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  Wales_NP  from_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Stonar_NP  ,_,  Felixstowe_NP  ,_,  Cardiff_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Llantwit_NP  Major_NP  .  
  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jug_NN  also_RR  occurs_VBZ  several_DA  times_NNS  on_IO  jugs_NNS  from_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Ipswich_NP  ,_,  Writtle_NP  ,_,  Canterbury_NP  ,_,  Old_NP  Sarum_NP  ,_,  Glastonbury_NP  Abbey_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  Whichford_NP  Castle_NNL1  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  discussion_NN  and_CC  inventory_NN  of_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  in_IO  Archaeologia_NP  in_IO  1933_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  finds_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  made_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  total_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  sites_NNS  now_RL  stands_VBZ  at_IO  twenty-five_MC  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  six_MC  in_IO  Wales_NP  ,_,  still_RR  one_MC1  in_IO  Scotland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Ireland_NP  (_(  as_CS  predicted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  paper_NN  )_)  can_VM  now_RL  show_VV0  three_MC  sites_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  additions_NNS  alone_RR  call_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  re-evaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  more_RG  significant_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  new_JJ  evidence_NN  in_IO  France_NP  .  
  the_AT1  kilns_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  intense_JJ  medieval_JJ  pottery_NN  industry_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  discovered_VBN  at_IO  La_NP  Chappelle-des-Pots_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  village_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  of_IO  Saintes_NP  in_IO  Charente_NP  Maritime_NP  .  
  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  here_RL  of_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  types_NNS  of_IO  pottery_NN  also_RR  exported_VBN  from_IO  France_NP  to_IO  England_NP  is_VBZ  now_RL  an_AT1  established_JJ  fact_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  possible_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  to_TO  discuss_VV0  more_RG  fully_RR  the_AT1  trade_NN  in_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  centre_NN  of_IO  production_NN  in_IO  France_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  balanced_JJ  evaluation_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  distribution_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  purpose_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  suffice_VV0  to_TO  summarize_VV0  the_AT1  evidence_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  finds_VBZ  made_VBN  at_IO  five_MC  castles_NNS  ,_,  either_LE  built_VBN  by_IO  Edward_NP  1_MC1  ,_,  occupied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  English_NP2  for_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  period_NN  ,_,  or_CC  where_CS the_AT1  deposits_NNS  are_VBR  related_VBN  to_IO  building_NN  periods_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  castles_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  limiting_JJ  dates_NNS  are_VBR  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[TABLE**]_&FO  
  the_AT1  gist_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  longest_JJT  range_NN  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  dates_VBZ  between_IO  1270_MC  and_CC  1325_MC  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  range_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  narrowed_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  between_IO  1280_MC  and_CC  1300_MC  ,_,  since_CS  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  and_CC  terminal_JJ  dates_NNS  overlap_VV0  .  
  although_CS  pottery_NN  of_IO  other_DA  types_NNS  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  part_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  France_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  in_IO  Britain_NP  in_IO  contexts_NNS  both_DB2  earlier_JJ  and_CC  later_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  dates_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  evidence_NN  otherwise_RR  that_CS  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  longer_JJ  range_NN  in_IO  date_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  polychrome_JJ  ware_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  imported_VBN  but_CCB  indeed_RR  made_VBN  during_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  period_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  produced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  lifetime_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  at_IO  most_DA  two_MC  generations_NNS  of_IO  potters_NNS  .  
  glazed_JJ  pitcher_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  5_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  base_NN  and_CC  lower_JJ  half_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pitcher_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  identified_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  import_NN  from_IO  western_JJ  France_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  thin_JJ  ,_,  hard_JJ  yellow_JJ  ware_NN  with_IO  fine_JJ  red_JJ  grit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  surface_NN  is_VBZ  smooth_JJ  and_CC  yellow-buff_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  patches_NNS  of_IO  green_JJ  glaze_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  bulge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  base_NN  is_VBZ  markedly_RR  raised_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pot_NN  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  well_RR  represented_VBN  at_IO  Saintes_NP  by_IO  barrel-shaped_JJ  and_CC  ovoid_JJ  pitchers_NNS  and_CC  jugs_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  have_VH0  a_AT1  large_JJ  bridge-spout_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  single_JJ  strap-handle_NN  ,_,  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  polychrome_JJ  jugs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  base_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  hollowed_VBN  underneath_II  .  
  on_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  jugs_NNS  the_AT1  decoration_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  slip_NN  lines_NNS  in_IO  brown_NN  or_CC  red_NN  forming_VBG  a_AT1  chevron_NN  or_CC  trellis_NN  pattern_NN  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  evidently_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  pot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ware_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pots_NNS  at_IO  Saintes_NP  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  equal_JJ  in_IO  quality_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  polychromes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  more_RG  gritty_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  that_CS  these_DD2  vessels_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  fragments_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  kiln-sites_NNS  at_IO  La_NP  Chappelle-des-Pots_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  also_RR  made_VBN  elsewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  vicinity_NN  of_IO  Saintes_NP  .  
  a_AT1  pitcher_NN  decorated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  trellis_NN  in_IO  red_JJ  slip_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Muse*?2e_&FW  Municipal_&FW  at_IO  Saintes_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  to_TO  complete_VV0  the_AT1  drawing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  pot_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  Spanish_JJ  lustreware_NN  (_(  \0pl_NN  11_MC  and_CC  \0fig_NN  6_MC  )_)  .  
  two_MC  fragments_NNS  of_IO  thick_JJ  whitish_JJ  ware_NN  ,_,  glazed_VBN  and_CC  decorated_VBN  on_IO  both_DB2  surfaces_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  outside_NN  is_VBZ  mostly_RR  covered_VBN  by_IO  zones_NNS  of_IO  pale_JJ  amber_JJ  lustre_NN  ,_,  comprising_VBG  broad_JJ  and_CC  narrow_JJ  solid_JJ  bands_NNS  ,_,  sloping_VBG  panels_NNS  ,_,  chevrons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  large_JJ  scrolls_NNS  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  lustre_NN  are_VBR  two_MC  narrow_JJ  bands_NNS  painted_VBN  in_IO  cobalt-blue_NN  (_(  hatched_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  fragment_NN  has_VHZ  two_MC  concentric_JJ  mouldings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  blue_JJ  band_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  inner_JB  moulding_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  prominent_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  inside_JB  surface_NN  the_AT1  lustre_NN  is_VBZ  fainter_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  range_NN  of_IO  motifs_NNS  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  ,_,  also_RR  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  band_NN  of_IO  guilloche_NN  ;_;  no_AT1  blue_JJ  bands_NNS  are_VBR  present_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pieces_NNS  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  vessel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  cover_NN  or_CC  lid_NN  ,_,  15_MC  3/4_MC  \0in_NNU  in_IO  diameter_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rim_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  piece_NN  the_AT1  profile_NN  turns_VBZ  sharply_RR  upwards_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  knob_NN  for_IO  lifting_NN  ,_,  as_CS  restored_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  drawing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  cover_NN  is_VBZ  identified_VBN  as_IO  Hispano-Moresque_JJ  ware_NN  made_VBN  at_IO  Malaga_NP  in_IO  Andalusia_NP  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  numerous_JJ  fragments_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Victoria_NP  and_CC  Albert_NP  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  found_VBN  at_IO  Fostat_NP  near_IO  Cairo_NP  .  
  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  lustre-painted_JJ  pottery_NN  is_VBZ  demonstrated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  foot-ring_NN  from_IO  Fostat_NP  ,_,  inscribed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Arabic_JJ  word_NN  Malaga_&FW  .  
  such_DA  marks_NNS  are_VBR  seldom_RR  found_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  class_NN  of_IO  pottery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  indicate_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  limited_VBN  to_IO  vessels_NNS  destined_VBN  for_IO  exportation_NN  .  
  a_AT1  close_JJ  parallel_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  shape_NN  and_CC  decoration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  cover_NN  is_VBZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cover_NN  from_IO  Fostat_NP  (_(  \0pl_NN  3a_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  also_RR  decorated_VBN  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  by_IO  bands_NNS  of_IO  pale_JJ  amber_JJ  lustre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  near_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  are_VBR  mouldings_NNS  precisely_RR  like_IO  those_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  Lesnes_NP  Abbey_NNL1  cover_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  covers_NNS  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  cover_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  pedestalled_JJ  bowl_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  painted_JJ  with_IO  arabesque_JJ  patterns_NNS  in_IO  lustre_NN  and_CC  in_IO  blue_NN  ,_,  also_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Victoria_NP  and_CC  Albert_NP  Museum_NNL1  (_(  \0pl_NN  3b_MC  )_)  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  great_JJ  corpus_NN  of_IO  Russian_JJ  song_NN  ,_,  remains_VBZ  almost_RR  unknown_JJ    or_CC  known_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  least_RG  fine_JJ  and_CC  subtle_JJ  examples_NNS  .  
  and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  Russian_JJ  song_NN  ;_;  Poland_NP  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  at_RR  least_RR  two_MC  remarkable_JJ  song-writers_NNS  ,_,  Moniuszko_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  century_NN  and_CC  Szymanowski_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  Szymanowski_NP  is_VBZ  known_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  German_JJ  translations_NNS  and_CC  Moniuszko_NP  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  songs_NNS  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  translated_VBN  into_IO  English_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  wretched_JJ  French_JJ  selection_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  .  
  instrumental_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  penetrates_VBZ  the_AT1  curtain_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  of_IO  Russian_JJ  and_CC  Polish_JJ  music_NN  as_CS  mainly_RR  instrumental_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  false_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  less_RG  false_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  of_IO  Czech_JJ  music_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  (_(  among_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  include_VV0  the_AT1  Moravians_NP2  and_CC  Slovaks_NP2  and_CC  Ruthenians_NP2  ,_,  beside_IO  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  proper_JJ  )_)  are_VBR  an_AT1  intensely_RR  musical_JJ  people_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  whether_CS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  nearly_RR  lost_VVD  their_APP$  language_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  culture-language_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  Habsburg_NP  monarchy_NN  (_(  so_CS  that_CS  even_RR  Smetana_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  learn_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  )_)  or_CC  from_IO  deficiencies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  itself_PPX1  (_(  \0e.g_RR  in_IO  vowel-sounds_NNS  )_)  ,_,  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  their_APP$  vocal_JJ  literature_NN  is_VBZ  less_RG  rich_JJ  than_IO  their_APP$  instrumental_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  language-curtain_NN  obstructs_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  Slavonic_JJ  vocal_JJ  music_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  obstructs_VBZ  our_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  music_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  present_VV0  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  at_IO  all_DB  if_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  only_RR  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  :_:  the_AT1  older_JJ  instrumental_JJ  music_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  and_CC  Poles_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  Latin_JJ  church_NN  music_NN  .  
  for_CS    and_CC  here_RL  I_PPIS1  come_VV0  at_RR  last_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  heart_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  subject_NN    the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  and_CC  Poles_NP2  have_VH0  always_RR  shared_VBN  the_AT1  culture_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  Europe_NP  ,_,  including_VBG  its_APP$  music_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  began_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  were_VBDR  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  Christianised_VBN  from_IO  Byzantium_NP  ,_,  either_LE  directly_RR  or_CC  through_IO  Bulgarian_JJ  missionaries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  left_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  alphabet_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  different_JJ  liturgy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  different_JJ  liturgical_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  for_IO  two_MC  centuries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  later_JJ  middle_JB  ages_NNS  they_PPHS2  suffered_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1    Tatar_NP  yoke_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  Princes_NNSB2  of_IO  Moscow_NP  were_VBDR  mere_JB  tributaries_NNS  to_IO  Mongol_JJ  khans_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  penetration_NN  of_IO  central_JJ  Europe_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Slavonic_JJ  liturgy_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conflict_NN  there_RL  between_IO  eastern_JJ  and_CC  western_JJ  churches_NNS  (_(  and_CC  on_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  important_JJ  points_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  experts_NNS  still_RR  disagree_VV0  )_)  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  political_JJ  vicissitudes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Slav_JJ  states_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  never_RR  detached_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  influences_NNS  of_IO  western_JJ  Christendom_NN1  ;_;  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  alphabet_NN  conquered_VVD  the_AT1  Cyrillic_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  Latin_NN1  conquered_VVD  old_JJ  Slavonic_NN1  .  
  Polish_JJ  and_CC  Czech_JJ  chapter_NN  and_CC  monastery_NN  libraries_NNS  at_IO  Gniezno_NP  and_CC  Vys*?10ebrod_NP  possess_VV0  Gregorian_JJ  missals_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  eleventh_MD  or_CC  early_JJ  twelfth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  these_DD2  no_AT1  doubt_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1    the_AT1  Gniezno_NP  missal_NN  has_VHZ  \0St_NNSB1  Gall-type_JB  neumes_NNS    manuscripts_NNS  of_IO  Polish_JJ  and_CC  Czech_JJ  origins_NNS  were_VBDR  compiled_VBN  before_IO  long_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Prague_NP  Troparium_NP  of_IO  1235_MC  is_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  of_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  Czech_JJ  and_CC  Moravian_JJ  musical_JJ  codices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  thirteenth_MD  and_CC  fourteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Poles_NP2  claim_VV0  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  plainsong_NN  antiphon_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  later_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  twelfth_MD  century_NN  :_:    Magna_&FW  vox_&FW  ,_,  laude_&FW  sonora_&FW    in_IO  honour_NN  of_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Adalbert_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS played_VVD  such_DA  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Christianisation_NN1  (_(  or_CC  Romanisation_NN1  )_)  of_IO  both_DB2  Poles_NP2  and_CC  Czechs_NP2  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  significant_JJ  parallelism_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  religious_JJ  songs_NNS  with_IO  Czech_JJ  or_CC  Polish_JJ  words_NNS  ;_;  both_DB2  the_AT1  Polish_JJ    Bogurodzica_&FW    (_(  hymn_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mother_NNSB1  of_IO  God_NP  )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  Czech_JJ    Hospodine_&FW  ,_,  pomiluj_&FW  ny_&FW    (_(    Lord_NNSB1  have_VH0  mercy_NN  on_IO  us_PPIO2     ,_,  a_AT1  vernacular_JJ  kyrie_NN  )_)  are_VBR  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  centos_NNS  of_IO  plainsong_NN  motives_NNS  .  
  moreover_RR  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  preserved_JJ  sources_NNS  for_IO  both_DB2  date_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  period_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  oldest_JJT  known_JJ  manuscript_NN  of_IO  the_AT1    Bogurodzica_&FW    dates_VBZ  from_IO  about_RR  1407_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO    Hospodine_&FW  ,_,  pomiluj_&FW    from_IO  just_RR  ten_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  words_NNS  are_VBR  found_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  as_RG  early_RR  as_IO  \0c_RR  1380_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  inflicting_VBG  on_IO  you_PPY  a_AT1  potted_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  Slavonic_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  beginning_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  these_DD2  facts_NNS  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  drive_VV0  home_NN1  two_MC  points_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  essential_JJ  oneness_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  musical_JJ  culture_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  Europe_NP  generally_RR    and_CC  the_AT1  differences_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  western_JJ  Slavs_NP2  shared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  stock_NN  but_CCB  often_RR  drew_VVD  from_IO  it_PPH1  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  to_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  special_JJ  uses_NNS  .  
  standing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  edge_NN  of_IO  western_JJ  culture_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  developed_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  fascinating_JJ  peculiarities_NNS  one_MC1  expects_VBZ  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  peripheral_JJ  cultures_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  finds_VBZ  similar_JJ  things_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  Portugal_NP  and_CC  at_IO  some_DD  periods_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  peripheral_JJ  cultures_NNS  naturally_RR  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0    backward_JJ    ;_;  even_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  provincial_JJ  architecture_NN  has_VHZ  often_RR  been_VBN  half-a-century_NN  or_CC  more_DA  behind_IO  the_AT1  style_NN  fashionable_JJ  in_IO  London_NP  ;_;  as_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  know_VV0  ,_,  even_RR  Germany_NP  was_VBDZ  very_RG  late_JJ  in_IO  developing_VBG  polyphony_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  wonderful_JJ  compensations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  variety_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  dialects_NNS  (_(  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  )_)  .  
  sometimes_RR  political_JJ  or_CC  other_DA  non-musical_JJ  factors_NNS  play_VV0  a_AT1  part_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  Hussite_JJ  wars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  gave_VVD  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  stimulus_NN  to_IO  vernacular_JJ  Czech_JJ  song_NN  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  centuries_NNS  and_CC  more_DA  of_IO  Habsburg_NP  domination_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  battle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  Mountain_NNL1  overlaid_VVD  and_CC  even_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  extinguish_VV0  the_AT1  peculiarly_RR  Czech_JJ  elements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  Bohemia_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  Slavs_NP2  were_VBDR  quite_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  developing_VBG  special_JJ  musical_JJ  characteristics_NNS  without_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  extra-musical_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  of_IO  notation_NN  ,_,  Czech_JJ  neumes_NNS  evolved_VVD  with_IO  certain_JJ  differences_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  thirteenth_MD  century_NN  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  were_VBDR  still_RR  using_VBG  non-diastematic_JJ  neumes_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  they_PPHS2  progressed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  stave_NN    and_CC  their_APP$  neumes_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  assume_VV0  peculiar_JJ  rhomboid_JJ  forms_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  remind_VV0  you_PPY  again_RR  how_CS much_RR  more_RG  different_JJ  things_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  Russia_NP  ,_,  where_CS liturgical_JJ  melody_NN  had_VHD  developed_VBN    and_CC  developed_VBN  quite_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  lines_NNS    from_IO  Byzantine_JJ  chant_NN  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  stuck_VBN  fast_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  primitive_JJ  notation_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  unreadable_JJ  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  fifteenth_MD  century_NN  ,_,  although_CS  comparative_JJ  study_NN  with_IO  Byzantine_JJ  notation_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  showing_VBG  how_CS it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  deciphered_VBN  .  
  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  five-line_JB  stave_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  Ukraine_NP  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  century_NN  and_CC  Russia_NP  proper_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  eighteenth_MD  .  
  genuine_JJ  polyphony_NN  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  though_CS  a_AT1  very_RG  primitive_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  three-part_JB  polyphony_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  troestrochnoe_&FW  style_NN  ,_,  noted_VBN  in_IO  three_MC  rows_NNS  of_IO  neumes_NNS    begins_VBZ  to_TO  appear_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  :_:  the_AT1  liturgical_JJ  cantus_&FW  firmus_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  part_NN  is_VBZ  supported_VBN  at_RR  first_RR  in_IO  unison_NN  or_CC  octaves_NNS  by_IO  upper_JB  and_CC  lower_JJ  voices_NNS  which_DDQ  branch_VV0  out_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  close_VV0  in_RP  again_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  unison_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  podgoloski_&FW  of_IO  Russian_JJ  polyphonic_JJ  folk-music_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  until_IO  the_AT1  mid-seventeenth_MD  century_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  find_VV0  four-part_JB  polyphony_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  cantus_&FW  firmus_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  tenor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  added_JJ  parts_NNS  in_IO  note-against-note_JB  style_NN  producing_VBG  common_JJ  chords_NNS  in_IO  root_NN  position_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  ,_,  when_CS Russian_JJ  liturgical_JJ  polyphony_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  its_APP$  earliest_JJT  infancy_NN  and_CC  Russian_JJ  secular_JJ  music_NN  reached_VVD  no_AT1  higher_JJ  level_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  songs_NNS  and_CC  dance_NN  music_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  skomorokhi_&FW  (_(  buffoons_NNS  )_)  ,_,  Poland_NP  and_CC  Bohemia_NP  were_VBDR  enjoying_VBG  what_DDQ  modern_JJ  Polish_JJ  and_CC  Czech_JJ  historians_NNS  claim_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1    golden_JJ  age_NN  of_IO  polyphony_NN    .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  at_RR  first_RR  strike_VV0  us_PPIO2   as_IO  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  pale_JJ  reflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  golden_JJ  age_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  being_VBG  enjoyed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  by_IO  all_DB  Europe_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  whole_JJ  truth_NN  .  
  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  music_NN  deserves_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  intensive_JJ  study_NN  but_CCB  performance_NN  .  
  two_MC  difficulties_NNS  confront_VV0  the_AT1  western_JJ  student_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  music_NN  .  
  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  :_:  the_AT1  language_NN  curtain_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  conceal_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  music_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  for_CS  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Latin_JJ  church_NN  music_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  for_IO  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  get_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  existing_JJ  stylistic_JJ  research_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  Czech_JJ  and_CC  Polish_JJ  musicology_NN  have_VH0  fairly_RR  long_JJ  traditions_NNS  and_CC  very_RG  high_JJ  standards_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  indeed_RR  has_VHZ  Soviet_NP  musicology_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  study_NN  devoted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  Slav_JJ  polyphonists_NNS    to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  instrumental_JJ  composers_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  seventeenth_MD  and_CC  eighteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  early_JJ  Czech_JJ  and_CC  Polish_JJ  romantic_JJ  piano_NN  music_NN    is_VBZ  enormous_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  exists_VBZ  in_IO  print_NN  ,_,  in_IO  books_NNS  and_CC  monographs_NNS  and_CC  learned_JJ  periodicals_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  Etruscan_NN1  or_CC  Cretan_JJ  linear_JJ  B_ZZ1  for_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   can_VM  make_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  worth_IO  the_AT1  while_NN  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  musicologists_NNS  now_RL  studying_VBG  Russian_NN1  to_TO  make_VV0  Polish_NN1  or_CC  Czech_NN1  their_APP$  second_MD  Slav_JJ  language_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  actual_JJ  scores_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  at_IO  times_NNS  seemed_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  western_JJ  Slav_JJ  musicologists_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  studying_VBG  their_APP$  old_JJ  masters_NNS  than_CS  in_IO  getting_VBG  their_APP$  texts_NNS  published_VBN  .  
  Josef_NP  Syrzyn*?2ski_NP  made_VVD  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  start_NN  in_IO  1885_MC  with_IO  his_APP$  Polish_JJ  Monumenta_&FW  but_CCB  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  bringing_VBG  out_RP  only_RR  four_MC  volumes_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  later_JJ  Polish_JJ  series_NN  ,_,  Wydawnictwo_&FW  dawnej_&FW  muzyki_&FW  polskiej_&FW  ,_,  edited_VBN  by_IO  Chybin*?2ski_NP  and_CC  begun_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  1930s_MC2  ,_,  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  nearly_RR  forty_MC  numbers_NNS  but_CCB  many_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  very_RG  slim_JJ  ,_,  containing_VBG  only_RR  a_AT1  single_JJ  work_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  short_JJ  pieces_NNS  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  editorial_JJ  prefaces_NNS  were_VBDR  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  provided_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  translation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  post-war_JB  numbers_NNS  are_VBR  translated_VBN  into_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  French_NN1  ,_,  German_NN1  and_CC  Russian_NN1  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  somewhat_RR  similar_JJ  Czech_JJ  series_NN  ,_,  musica_&FW  antiqua_&FW  Bohemica_&FW  ,_,  has_VHZ  been_VBN  devoted_VBN  almost_RR  entirely_RR  to_IO  instrumental_JJ  music_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  eighteenth_MD  and_CC  early_JJ  nineteenth_MD  centuries_NNS  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  Czechs_NP2  have_VH0  begun_VBN  to_TO  publish_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  classic_JJ  polyphonists_NNS    with_IO  trilingual_JJ  re*?2sume*?2s_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  prefaces_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  of_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  apparatus_NN  .  
  a_AT1  third_MD  difficulty_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  paucity_NN  of_IO  surviving_JJ  material_NN  .  
  Poland_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Czechoslovak_JJ  lands_NNS  have_VH0  provided_VBN  innumerable_JJ  battlefields_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  four_MC  centuries_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  thirty_MC  years_NNS  war_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  world_NN  wars_NNS  were_VBDR  only_RR  the_AT1  worst_JJT  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  total_JJ  destruction_NN  of_IO  music_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  manuscript_NN  and_CC  printed_JJ  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  enormous_JJ  .  
  (_(  incidentally_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  countries_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  print_VV0  music_NN  quite_RR  early_RR  ;_;  a_AT1  Czech-printed_JJ  catholic_JJ  Kanciona*?2l_&FW  appeared_VVD  in_IO  1529_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  Polish_JJ  music-publisher_NN  ,_,  L*?11azarz_NP  Andrysowic_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  active_JJ  at_IO  Cracow_NP  from_IO  1553_MC  onward_RR  )_)  .  
  one_MC1  reads_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  Polish_JJ  master_NN  such_IO  as_II  Wacl*?11aw_NP  Szamotul_NP    or_CC  Szamotulczyk_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  often_RR  called_VBN    who_PNQS was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  considerable_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  century_NN  ;_;  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  psalm-motets_NNS  were_VBDR  published_VBN  by_IO  Montanus_NP  and_CC  Neuber_NP  at_IO  Nuremberg_NP  in_IO  1554_MC  and_CC  in_IO  1564_MC  in_IO  collections_NNS  of_IO  works_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  French_JJ  and_CC  Netherland_JJ  masters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  survives_VBZ  of_IO  his_APP$  music_NN  justifies_VBZ  the_AT1  high_JJ  esteem_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  .  
  yet_RR  one_MC1  finds_VBZ  so_RG  little_DA  that_PNQS does_VBZ  survive_VV0  :_:  these_DD2  two_MC  motets_NNS  ,_,  another_DD1  preserved_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  organ_NN  tablature_NN  ,_,  some_DD  songs_NNS  with_IO  Polish_JJ  words_NNS    a_AT1  very_RG  small_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  known_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  written_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  eight-part_JB  mass_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  of_IO  King_NNSB1  Sigismund_NP  Augustus_NP  is_VBZ  lost_VBN  ;_;  his_APP$  office_NN  settings_NNS  are_VBR  lost_VBN  ;_;  of_IO  his_APP$  lamentationes_&FW  ,_,  printed_VBN  at_IO  Cracow_NP  by_IO  Andrysowic_NP  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  tenor_NN  part_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  preserved_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  ,_,  rather_RR  later_JJ  composer_NN  Tomasz_NP  Szadek_NP    a_AT1  member_NN  first_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  king's_NN1$  private_JJ  chapel_NN  and_CC  later_RRR  of_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  chapel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rorantists_NP2  at_IO  Cracow_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  chief_JB  centres_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Polish_JJ    golden_JJ  age_NN      survives_VBZ  in_IO  only_RR  two_MC  works_NNS  ,_,  other_DA  than_IO  fragments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  those_DD2  two_MC  masses_NNS  one_MC1  lacks_VBZ  the_AT1  Agnus_NP  .  
  technically_RR  these_DD2  works_NNS  are_VBR  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1    late_JJ  Netherland_JJ    style_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  distinguishes_VBZ  them_PPHO1  and_CC  gives_VBZ  them_PPHO1  special_JJ  interest_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  infusion_NN  of_IO  Polish_JJ  melodic_JJ  elements_NNS  ,_,  here_RL  a_AT1  phrase_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  Polish_JJ  devotional_JJ  song_NN  ,_,  there_RL  a_AT1  pseudo-plainsong_NN  found_VBN  only_RR  in_IO  Polish_JJ  sources_NNS  .  
  Marcin_NP  Leopolita_NP  ,_,  composer_NN  and_CC  organist_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  king_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  1560s_MC2  ,_,  composed_VVD  a_AT1  five-part_JB  missa_&FW  paschalis_&FW  or_CC  missa_&FW  de_&FW  resurrectione_&FW  ,_,  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  complete_JJ  setting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  Polish_JJ  composer_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  come_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  four_MC  Easter_NP  songs_NNS  current_JJ  in_IO  Poland_NP  and_CC  Germany_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Polish_JJ    golden_JJ  age_NN    was_VBDZ  finally_RR  submerged_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  flood_NN  of_IO  Italian_JJ  musicians_NNS  brought_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  Sigismund_NP  3_MC  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  of_RR  course_RR  been_VBN  foreign_JJ  musicians_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Polish_JJ  court_NN  before_II  ;_;  Heinrich_NP  Finck_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  chorister_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  chapel_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  youth_NN  and_CC  returned_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  as_IO  director_NN  ,_,  from_IO  1492_MC  to_IO  1506_MC  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  Italian_JJ  musical_JJ  influence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Sigismund_NP  3_MC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fanatic_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  counter-reformation_NN  and_CC  for_IO  everything_PN1  Italian_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  his_APP$  court_NN  from_IO  Cracow_NP  to_IO  Warsaw_NP  ,_,  enticed_VVD  Marenzio_NP  to_TO  go_VV0  there_RL  (_(  but_CCB  failed_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  )_)  ,_,  invited_VVD  Giovanni_NP  Gabrieli_NP  (_(  also_RR  in_RR  vain_RR  )_)  and_CC  appointed_VVD  a_AT1  whole_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  Italians_NP2  as_IO  directors_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  chapel_NN  ,_,  including_IO  Asprilio_NP  Pacelli_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  ancestor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Pope_NNSB1  (_(  Pius_NP  12_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  Giovanni_NP  Francesco_NP  Anerio_NP  .  
  on_IO  differentiation_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  reverts_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  hyperbolic_JJ  tangent_NN  ,_,  \0tanhat_&FO  ,_,  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  ,_,  starting_VBG  at_IO  zero_MC  ,_,  never_RR  exceeds_VBZ  unity_NN  ,_,  however_CS large_JJ  t_ZZ1  may_VM  become_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  three_MC  hyperbolic_JJ  functions_NNS  ,_,  \0sech_&FO  ,_,  \0cosech_&FO  and_CC  \0coth_&FO  ,_,  are_VBR  the_AT1  reciprocals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  above_JB  three_MC  ratios_NNS  respectively_RR  .  
  \0fig_NN  1.4_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  whole_JJ  family_NN  of_IO  curves_NNS  .  
  tables_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  hyperbolic_JJ  functions_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  not_XX  so_RG  readily_RR  available_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  circular_JJ  functions_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  device_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  more_RG  extensive_JJ  circular_JJ  function_NN  tables_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  subsidiary_JJ  table_NN  (_(  the_AT1  Gudermannian_JJ  )_)  is_VBZ  described_VBN  in_IO  appendix_NN  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  case_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  time_NN  constants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  exponential_JJ  terms_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  exponential_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  hyperbolic_JJ  function_NN  .  
  thus_RR  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  if_CS  a_ZZ1  is_VBZ  positive_JJ  ,_,  this_DD1  expression_NN  will_VM  always_RR  diverge_VV0  .  
  if_CS  a_ZZ1  is_VBZ  negative_JJ  (_(  with_IO  b_ZZ1  positive_JJ  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  value_NN  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  zero_MC  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  more_RG  usual_JJ  in_IO  practice_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  1.5_MC  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  two_MC  negative_JJ  exponentials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  \0fig_NN  1.5_MC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  the_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  to_TO  start_VV0  at_IO  zero_MC  ,_,  reach_VV0  a_AT1  maximum_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  decay_VV0  .  
  as_CS  Sallust_NP  remarked_VVD  :_:    omnia_&FW  orta_&FW  occidunt_&FW  et_&FW  aucta_&FW  secuntur_&FW  ,_,  or_CC      everything_PN1  rises_VBZ  but_II  to_TO  fall_VV0  and_CC  increases_VBZ  but_II  to_TO  decay_VV0    .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  maximum_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  is_VBZ  easily_RR  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  inflexion_NN  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  curve_NN  is_VBZ  encountered_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  radioactive_JJ  cases_NNS  where_CS a_AT1  substance_NN  A_ZZ1  decays_VBZ  into_IO  another_DD1  substance_NN  B_ZZ1  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  decays_VBZ  into_IO  a_AT1  stable_JJ  end-product_NN  C_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  curve_NN  shows_VBZ  how_CS the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  substance_NN  varies_VBZ  with_IO  time_NN  .  
  intuitive_JJ  estimation_NN  of_IO  transients_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  demonstration_NN  will_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  given_VBN  of_IO  how_CS the_AT1  transient_JJ  current_JJ  resulting_VBG  from_IO  switching_NN  operations_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  in_IO  simple_JJ  cases_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  resort_NN  to_IO  mathematics_NN  (_(  or_CC  very_RG  little_DA  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  plausible_JJ  assumptions_NNS  are_VBR  made_VBN  :_:  1_MC1  .  that_CS  an_AT1  uncharged_JJ  capacitor_NN  behaves_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  circuit_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  instant_NN  of_IO  applying_VBG  a_AT1  steady_JJ  \0p.d_NN  ;_;  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  when_CS fully_RR  charged_VBN  ,_,  acts_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  disconnexion_NN  or_CC  infinite_JJ  impedance_NN  .  2_MC  .  that_CS  a_AT1  pure_JJ  (_(  resistanceless_JJ  )_)  inductance_NN  behaves_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  way_NN  ;_;  offering_VBG  apparently_RR  infinite_JJ  impedance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  instant_NN  of_IO  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  voltage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  short_JJ  circuit_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  current_NN  is_VBZ  steady_JJ  .  3_MC  .  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  interim_JB  period_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  changes_VBZ  according_IO  to_II  a_AT1  simple_JJ  exponential_JJ  law_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  time_NN  constant_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  either_LE  rc_&FO  or_CC  l/r_&FO  ,_,  where_CS R_ZZ1  ,_,  L_ZZ1  or_CC  C_ZZ1  may_VM  be_VB0  simple_JJ  or_CC  compound_JJ  .  4_MC  .  that_CS  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  discontinuous_JJ  jumps_NNS  in_IO  either_LE  the_AT1  voltage_NN  across_IO  a_AT1  capacitor_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  current_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  inductor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  magnetic_JJ  space_NN  constant_NN  m*;0**;_&FO  (_(  otherwise_RR  the_AT1  permeability_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  space_NN  )_)  has_VHZ  dimensions_NNS  henry_NN  /_IO  metre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  electric_JJ  space_NN  constant_NN  ,_,  or_CC  permittivity_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  space_NN  ,_,  e*;0**;_&FO  ,_,  farad_NN  /_IO  metre_NN  .  
  the_AT1  square_JJ  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  has_VHZ  the_AT1  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  velocity_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  velocity_NN  of_IO  electro-magnetic_JJ  waves_NNS  ,_,  c_ZZ1  ,_,  equal_JJ  to_IO  299792_MC  \0km_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  latest_JJT  evidence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  *?22(LC)_&FO  has_VHZ  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  *?22(L/C)_&FO  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  resistance_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  *?22(L/C)_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  expression_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  characteristic_JJ  impedance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  loss-free_JJ  transmission_NN  line_NN  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  seen_VBN  that_CS  l/r_&FO  and_CC  cr_&FO  both_DB2  have_VH0  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  constant_NN  .  
  any_DD  time_NN  constants_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  encounter_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  transients_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  inductance_NN  divided_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  resistance_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  capacitance_NN  multiplied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  resistance_NN  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  the_AT1  square_JJ  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inductance_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  capacitance_NN  .  
  no_AT1  other_DA  combinations_NNS  are_VBR  possible_JJ  .  
  let_VV0  a_AT1  simple_JJ  series_NN  lr_&FO  circuit_NN  be_VB0  suddenly_RR  connected_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  constant_JJ  voltage_NN  source_NN  V_ZZ1  ,_,  at_IO  time_NN  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  current_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  zero_MC  and_CC  after_CS  the_AT1  transient_NN  has_VHZ  subsided_VBN  will_VM  be_VB0  v/r_&FO  .  
  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  decaying_JJ  exponential_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  decays_VBZ  upwards_RR  ,_,  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  voltage_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  (_(  pure_JJ  )_)  inductance_NN  L_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  voltage_NN  across_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circuit_NN  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  V_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  value_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  zero_MC  .  
  using_VBG  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  made_VBN  above_II  ,_,  the_AT1  voltage_NN  across_IO  L_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  transient_JJ  period_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  ,_,  because_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  only_RR  two_MC  circuit_NN  elements_NNS  ,_,  T_ZZ1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  equal_JJ  to_IO  l/r_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  voltage_NN  v*;r**;_&FO  across_IO  the_AT1  resistive_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circuit_NN  when_CS added_VBN  to_IO  v*;l**;_&FO  must_VM  always_RR  give_VV0  V_ZZ1  ,_,  hence_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  the_AT1  current_NN  in_IO  R_ZZ1  (_(  and_CC  also_RR  L_ZZ1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  )_)  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  the_AT1  well-known_JJ  result_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  problem_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  often_RR  given_VBN  to_IO  beginners_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  exercise_NN  in_IO  solving_VBG  differential_JJ  equations_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  order_NN  .  
  by_IO  similar_JJ  reasoning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  cr_&FO  series_NN  circuit_NN  is_VBZ  found_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  voltage_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  resistor_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  that_DD1  across_IO  the_AT1  capacitor_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  the_AT1  charge_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  capacitor_NN  at_IO  time_NN  t_ZZ1  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  theoretically_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  never_RR  does_VBZ  reach_VV0  its_APP$  final_JJ  value_NN  ;_;  the_AT1    final_JJ  value_NN    may_VM  be_VB0  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  attained_VBN  when_CS it_PPH1  falls_VBZ  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  final_JJ  value_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  amount_NN  too_RG  small_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  detected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  measuring_NN  instrument_NN  in_IO  use_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  has_VHZ  reached_VBN  the_AT1  \0r.m.s_NN  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  noise_NN  level_NN  .  
  for_IO  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  rough_JJ  guide_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  reached_VBN  within_IO  one_MC1  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  value_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  five_MC  times_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  constant_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0p_NN  2_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  roughly_RR  seven_MC  times_NNS  as_RG  long_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  half-life_NN  of_IO  radioactivity_NN  .  
  one_MC1  can_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  that_CS  ,_,  subconsciously_RR  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  people_NNS  who_PNQS think_VV0  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  half-life_NN  have_VH0  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  all_DB  activity_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  ceased_VBN  in_IO  about_RR  twice_RR  that_DD1  time_NN  .  
  three-element_JB  circuits_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  argued_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  type_NN  of_IO  reasoning_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO  simple_JJ  two-element_JB  circuits_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  fail_VV0  if_CS  carried_VBN  further_RRR  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   consider_VV0  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  circuit_NN  of_IO  \0fig_NN  1.6_MC  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  capacitor_NN  C_ZZ1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  leakage_NN  resistance_NN  R*;2**;_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  current_NN  on_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  switch_NN  (_(  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  )_)  is_VBZ  v/r*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  current_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  this_DD1  fixes_VBZ  the_AT1  limits_NNS  between_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  current_NN  must_VM  vary_VV0  exponentially_RR  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  constant_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  exponential_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  product_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  capacitance_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  resistance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  capacitance_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  C_ZZ1  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  to_TO  take_VV0  as_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  that_DD1  resistance_NN  which_DDQ  effectively_RR  appears_VBZ  across_IO  the_AT1  terminals_NNS  of_IO  C_ZZ1  when_CS the_AT1  switch_NN  is_VBZ  closed_VBN  ;_;  this_DD1  is_VBZ  clearly_RR  R*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  R*;2**;_&FO  in_IO  parallel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  voltage_NN  source_NN  having_VHG  no_AT1  internal_JJ  resistance_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  time-constant_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  now_RL  sketch_VV0  the_AT1  current_NN  /_IO  time_NN  curve_NN  as_CS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1.7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  exponential_JJ  part_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  to_IO  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  added_VBN  **[formula**]_&FO  ;_;  after_IO  a_DA  little_DA  manipulation_NN  the_AT1  current_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  capacitor_NN  voltage_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  variation_NN  with_IO  time_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  two_MC  capacitors_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  resistor_NN  is_VBZ  amenable_JJ  to_IO  similar_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  easily_RR  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  1.8_MC  )_)  .  
  here_RL  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_DA  little_DA  awkwardness_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  initial_JJ  rush_NN  of_IO  current_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  high_JJ  ;_;  theoretically_RR  infinite_JJ  but_CCB  lasting_JJ  for_IO  zero_MC  time_NN  (_(  see_VV0  under_IO    delta_NC2  function_NC2    in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  chapter_NN  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  side-step_VV0  the_AT1  current_JJ  question_NN  and_CC  work_VV0  ,_,  instead_RR  ,_,  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  voltage_NN  or_CC  quantity_NN  of_IO  charge_NN  ,_,  neither_LE  of_IO  which_DDQ  becomes_VBZ  infinite_JJ  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  switch_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  capacitors_NNS  immediately_RR  charge_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  volts_NNS  respectively_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  charge_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  plates_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  coulombs_NNS  .  
  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  ,_,  C*;1**;_&FO  will_VM  discharge_VV0  exponentially_RR  ,_,  with_IO  T_ZZ1  =_&FO  R(C*;1**;+C*;2**;)_&FO  while_CS  C*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  following_VBG  its_APP$  initial_JJ  charge_NN  at_IO  time_NN  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  will_VM  acquire_VV0  further_JB  charge_NN  until_CS  its_APP$  \0p.d_NN  reaches_VBZ  the_AT1  source_NN  voltage_NN  ,_,  V_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  holds_VBZ  c*;2**;v_&FO  coulombs_NNS  .  
  hence_RR  :_:  charge_NN  in_IO  C*;1**;_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  charge_NN  in_IO  C*;2**;_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  current_NN  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  C*;2**;_&FO  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  by_IO  differentiating_VBG  **[formula**]_&FO  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  time_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  plus_IO  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  initial_JJ  pulse_NN  of_IO  current_NN  .  
  see_VV0  \0p_NN  43_MC  ,_,  equation_NN  (_(  2.8_MC  )_)  .  
  circuits_NNS  comprising_VBG  R_ZZ1  ,_,  C_ZZ1  and_CC  L_ZZ1  are_VBR  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  beyond_IO  this_DD1  simple_JJ  intuitive_JJ  treatment_NN  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  exceptions_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1.9_MC  where_CS a_AT1  constant_JJ  voltage_NN  source_NN  ,_,  V_ZZ1  ,_,  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  to_IO  two_MC  elementary_JJ  circuits_NNS  ,_,  lr*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  cr*;2**;_&FO  respectively_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  time_NN  constants_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA  ;_;  l/r*;1**;_&FO  =_&FO  cr*;2**;_&FO  or_CC  r*;1**;r*;2**;_&FO  =_&FO  l/c_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  current_NN  i*;0**;_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  v/r*;2**;_&FO  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  current_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  v/r*;1**;_&FO  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  transient_JJ  period_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  switched_VBN  over_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  capacitive_JJ  side_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  inductive_JJ  side_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  rate_NN  governed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  common_JJ  time_NN  constant_NN  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  already_RR  obtained_VBN  on_IO  \0p_NN  9_MC  and_CC  write_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  supply_NN  current_NN  immediately_RR  as_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  special_JJ  case_NN  where_CS R*;1**;_&FO  =_&FO  R*;2**;_&FO  =_&FO  R_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  term_NN  containing_VBG  the_AT1  exponential_NN  vanishes_VBZ  ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  transient_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  current_NN  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  supply_NN  is_VBZ  constant_JJ  and_CC  equal_JJ  to_IO  v/r_&FO  .  
  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  network_NN  is_VBZ  distortionless_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  from_IO  phase_NN  shift_NN  for_IO  all_DB  frequencies_NNS  ;_;  provided_CS  always_RR  that_CS  R_ZZ1  =_&FO  *?22(L/C)_&FO  .  
  analogies_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  elementary_JJ  teaching_NN  of_IO  electricity_NN  use_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  made_VBN  of_IO  analogies_NNS  with_IO  mechanical_JJ  systems_NNS  .  
  electricity_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  than_IO  mechanics_NN  for_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  mind_NN  can_VM  readily_RR  picture_VV0  mechanical_JJ  processes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  electrical_JJ  phenomena_NNS  require_VV0  the_AT1  effort_NN  of_IO  abstract_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  understanding_NN  develops_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  debt_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  repaid_VBN  ,_,  often_RR  with_IO  much_DA  interest_NN  ,_,  as_CS  problems_NNS  in_IO  mechanical_JJ  engineering_NN  are_VBR  referred_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  electrical_JJ  counterparts_NNS  for_IO  solution_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  example_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  of_IO  vibrations_NNS  ,_,  both_DB2  free_JJ  and_CC  forced_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  analogue_NN  of_IO  electro-motive_JJ  force_NN  ,_,  E_ZZ1  ,_,  is_VBZ  force_NN  ,_,  F_ZZ1  ,_,  or_CC  mechano-motive_JJ  force_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  called_VBN  :_:  that_DD1  which_DDQ  moves_VBZ  mechanical_JJ  systems_NNS  or_CC  particles_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  unit_NN  being_VBG  the_AT1  newton_NN  ;_;  though_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  fair_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  unit_NN  is_VBZ  making_VBG  but_II  slow_JJ  progress_NN  into_IO  mechanical_JJ  circles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  magnetic_JJ  circuit_NN  analogue_NN  ,_,  magneto-motive_JJ  force_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  good_JJ  since_CS  ,_,  although_CS  we_PPIS2  speak_VV0  of_IO  flux_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  which_DDQ  actually_RR  flows_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  angular_JJ  motion_NN  the_AT1  equivalent_NN  is_VBZ  torque_NN  ,_,  T*;q**;_&FO  ,_,  measured_VBN  in_IO  newton_NN  ._IO  metre_NN  or_CC  joule_NN  /_IO  radian_NN  .  
  electric_JJ  current_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  analogue_NN  in_IO  velocity_NN    linear_JJ  ,_,  v_ZZ1  ,_,  or_CC  angular_JJ  ,_,  o_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  consequently_RR  quantity_NN  of_IO  charge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  time-integral_NN  of_IO  current_NN  ,_,  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  linear_JJ  displacement_NN  x_ZZ1  ,_,  or_CC  angular_JJ  displacement_NN  th_ZZ1  .  
  mass_NN  (_(  kilogram_NN  )_)  or_CC  moment_NN  of_IO  inertia_NN  (_(  kilogram_NN  ._IO  metre*:2**:_NNU  )_)  is_VBZ  analogous_JJ  to_IO  inductance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  noteworthy_JJ  that_CS  while_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  any_DD  confusion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  electrician_NN  between_IO  electro-motive_JJ  force_NN  and_CC  self-inductance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tyro_NN  mechanician_NN  often_RR  finds_VBZ  difficulty_NN  in_IO  distinguishing_VBG  force_NN  and_CC  mass_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tortures_VBZ  himself_PPX1  with_IO    big_JJ  pounds_NNS    and_CC    little_JJ  pounds_NNS    as_CC  well_CC  as_CC    slugs_NNS    and_CC    poundals_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  increased_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  newton_NN  might_VM  soften_VV0  these_DD2  difficulties_NNS  .  
  electrical_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  mechanical_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  rotational_JJ  **[formula**]_&FO  (_(  I_ZZ1  being_VBG  the_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  inertia_NN  )_)  .  
  figure_NN  1.10_MC  shows_NNS  how_CS current_JJ  and_CC  angular_JJ  and_CC  linear_JJ  velocity_NN  increase_VV0  with_IO  time_NN  in_IO  systems_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  resistance_NN  or_CC  friction_NN  is_VBZ  zero_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  force_NN  is_VBZ  removed_VBN  after_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  t*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  flowing_VBG  with_IO  circuit_NN  energy_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  wheel_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  rotate_VV0  with_IO  angular_JJ  energy_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  particle_NN  will_VM  continue_VV0  with_IO  constant_JJ  velocity_NN  (_(  Newton's_PPIO2  law_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  kinetic_JJ  energy_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  if_CS  resistance_NN  is_VBZ  present_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  current_NN  (_(  or_CC  velocity_NN  )_)  does_VBZ  not_XX  increase_VV0  indefinitely_RR  but_CCB  reaches_VBZ  a_AT1  limit_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  already_RR  seen_VBN  (_(  \0p_NN  9_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  initial_JJ  slope_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  resistanceless_JJ  case_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  final_JJ  value_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  resistance_NN  divided_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  electro-motive_JJ  force_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  mechanical_JJ  resistance_NN  divided_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  mechano-motive_JJ  force_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  resistance_NN  in_IO  ohms_NNS  (_(  or_CC  volt_NN  ._IO  ampere*:-1**:_NNU  or_CC  henry_NN  ._IO  second*:-1**:_NNU  )_)  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  e/i_&FO  where_CS I_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  final_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  current_NN  :_:  and_CC  similarly_RR  ,_,  mechanical_JJ  resistance_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS v*;T**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  final_JJ  or_CC  terminal_JJ  velocity_NN  ;_;  and_CC  rotational_JJ  resistance_NN  is_VBZ  T*;q**;/o*;T**;_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  unit_NN  of_IO  mechanical_JJ  resistance_NN  is_VBZ  newton_NN  ._IO  metre*:-1**:_NNU  ._IO  second_NN  ,_,  or_CC  kilogram_NN  ._IO  second*:-1**:_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  rotational_JJ  resistance_NN  is_VBZ  newton_NN  ._IO  metre_NN  ._IO  second_NN  ,_,  or_CC  kilogram_NN  ._IO  metre*:2**:_NNU  ._IO  second*:-1**:_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  terms_NNS  mechanical_JJ  ohm_NN  and_CC  rotational_JJ  ohm_NN  are_VBR  used_VBN  by_IO  Olson_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  seem_VV0  rather_RR  far-fetched_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  referred_VBN  to_IO  \0c.g.s_NNU  and_CC  not_XX  practical_JJ  units_NNS  .  
  2_MC  .  
  general_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  .  
  2.1_MC  .  
  ferrite_NN  structure_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  ferromagnetic_JJ  metals_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  chemical_JJ  compounds_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  ferrites_NNS  ,_,  garnets_NNS  ,_,  plumbites_NNS  and_CC  perovskites_NNS  )_)  exhibit_VV0  ferromagnetic_JJ  properties_NNS  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  compounds_NNS  ferrites_NNS  have_VH0  to_IO  date_NN  proved_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  standpoint_NN  of_IO  microwave_NN  applications_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  crystallise_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  cubic_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  similar_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  mineral_NN  spinel_NN  ,_,  (_(  magnesium_NN  aluminate_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  )_)  ,_,  the_AT1  term_NN  ferromagnetic_JJ  spinel_NN  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  used_VBN  to_TO  describe_VV0  those_DD2  ferrites_NNS  which_DDQ  exhibit_VV0  magnetic_JJ  properties_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  chemical_JJ  formula_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ferrite_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS \0m_ZZ1  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  metallic_JJ  cation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  spinel_NN  crystal_NN  structure_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  formed_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  ionic_JJ  radius_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cation_NN  \0m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  about_RR  1_MC1  \0A*?15_NNU  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  greater_JJ  than_IO  1_MC1  \0A*?15_NNU  then_RL  the_AT1  electrostatic_JJ  Coulomb_NP  forces_NNS  are_VBR  insufficient_JJ  to_TO  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  stability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  \0Ca*:++**:_&FO  (_(  ionic_JJ  radius_NN  1.06_MC  \0A*?15_NNU  )_)  does_VBZ  not_XX  form_NN  spinel_NN  crystals_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  \0Mn*:++**:_&FO  (_(  ionic_JJ  radius_NN  0.91_MC  \0A*?15_NNU  )_)  does_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  cation_NN  \0m_ZZ1  is_VBZ  generally_RR  divalent_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  other_DA  valencies_NNS  are_VBR  possible_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  anions_NNS  is_VBZ  doubled_VBN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  lithium_NN  ferrite_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  ions_NNS  forming_VBG  ferrites_NNS  of_IO  practical_JJ  importance_NN  are_VBR  \0Ni*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Mn*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Fe*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Co*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Cu*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Zn*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Cd*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Li*:+**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Mg*:++**:_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  spinel_NN  unit_NN  cell_NN  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  2.1_MC  )_)  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  close_RR  packed_JJ  cubic_JJ  array_NN  of_IO  32_MC  oxygen_NN  anions_NNS  ,_,  between_IO  which_DDQ  there_EX  are_VBR  96_MC  spaces_NNS  or_CC  interstices_NNS  ,_,  24_MC  of_IO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  filled_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  cation_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  72_MC  being_VBG  empty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  sites_NNS  occupied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  cations_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  two_MC  kinds_NNS  known_VBN  as_IO  tetrahedral_JJ  or_CC  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  and_CC  octahedral_JJ  or_CC  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  eight_MC  are_VBR  occupied_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  four_MC  oxygen_NN  anions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  of_IO  which_DDQ  sixteen_MC  are_VBR  occupied_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  six_MC  oxygen_NN  anions_NNS  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  chemical_JJ  formula_NN  is_VBZ  written_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  ions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  brackets_NNS  to_TO  indicate_VV0  their_APP$  position_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  \0Fe_&FO  (_(  NiFe_&FO  )_)  O*;4**;_&FO  for_IO  nickel_NN  ferrite_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  seem_VV0  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  most_RG  likely_JJ  arrangement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cations_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  \0M*:++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  and_CC  \0Fe*;2**;*:+++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  but_CCB  in_IO  practice_NN  three_MC  types_NNS  of_IO  spinel_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  distinguished_VBN  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  normal_JJ  spinels_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0M*:++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  occupy_VV0  the_AT1  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  and_CC  \0Fe*;2**;*:+++**:_&FO  the_AT1  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  inverse_JJ  spinels_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  \0M*:++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  occupy_VV0  the_AT1  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  \0Fe*:+++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  being_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  random_JJ  spinels_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  both_DB2  \0M*:++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  and_CC  \0Fe*:+++**:_&FO  ions_NNS  occur_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  a_ZZ1  and_CC  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  preference_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  ions_NNS  for_IO  a_ZZ1  or_CC  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  is_VBZ  of_IO  importance_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  that_CS  in_RR  general_RR  normal_JJ  ferrite_NN  spinels_NNS  are_VBR  paramagnetic_JJ  while_CS  inverse_JJ  spinels_NNS  are_VBR  ferromagnetic_JJ  .  
  many_DA  ions_NNS  show_VV0  no_AT1  strong_JJ  preference_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  site_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  being_VBG  especially_RR  true_JJ  for_IO  those_DD2  ions_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  noble_JJ  gas_NN  configuration_NN  such_IO  as_II  \0Li*:+**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Mg*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  \0Al*:+++**:_&FO  and_CC  also_RR  those_DD2  with_IO  a_AT1  half-filled_JJ  3d_MC  electron_NN  shell_NN  \0e.g_RR  \0Fe*:+++**:Mn*:++**:_&FO  .  
  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  strong_JJ  site_NN  preference_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  stable_JJ  cation_NN  distribution_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  static_JJ  model_NN  of_IO  charged_JJ  spheres_NNS  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  ions_NNS  in_IO  ferrites_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  of_IO  microwave_NN  interest_NN  \0Zn*:++**:_&FO  ,_,  has_VHZ  a_AT1  preference_NN  for_IO  a_ZZ1  sites_NNS  while_CS  only_RR  \0Ni*:+++**:_&FO  and_CC  \0Cr*:+++**:_&FO  have_VH0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  preference_NN  for_IO  b_ZZ1  sites_NNS  .  
  when_CS two_MC  or_CC  more_DA  cations_NNS  are_VBR  present_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  ions_NNS  with_IO  weak_JJ  site_NN  preference_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  affected_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ion_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  strong_JJ  site_NN  preference_NN  .  
  most_DA  ferrite_NN  spinels_NNS  can_VM  form_VV0  solid_JJ  solutions_NNS  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  any_DD  proportion_NN  .  
  this_DD1  arises_VBZ  since_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  greater_JJ  probability_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  solution_NN  when_CS two_MC  ferrite_NN  spinels_NNS  are_VBR  reacted_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  than_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  separate_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  spinels_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  well-known_JJ  example_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  solid_JJ  solution_NN  is_VBZ  nickel_NN  zinc_NN  ferrite_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS a_ZZ1  can_VM  take_VV0  any_DD  value_NN  between_IO  0_MC  and_CC  1_MC1  .  
  unless_CS  great_JJ  care_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  ferrite_NN  formed_VBN  is_VBZ  not_XX  exactly_RR  that_DD1  corresponding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  proportions_NNS  of_IO  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  used_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  most_DA  ferrites_NNS  can_VM  take_VV0  up_RP  oxides_NNS  into_IO  solution_NN  without_IO  forming_VBG  a_AT1  second_MD  phase_NN  and_CC  thus_RR  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  non-stoichiometric_JJ  ferrite_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  most_DA  ferrites_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  \0Fe*;2**;O*;3**;_&FO  in_IO  solution_NN  is_VBZ  important_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  the_AT1  component_NN  oxides_NNS  are_VBR  reacted_VBN  at_IO  high_JJ  temperatures_NNS  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  sintering_NN  process_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  tendency_NN  for_IO  most_DA  ferrites_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  off_RP  oxygen_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  equilibrium_NN  pressure_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  reaction_NN  is_VBZ  often_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  one_MC1  atmosphere_NN  and_CC  increases_VBZ  rapidly_RR  with_IO  temperature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  rise_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  oxygen_NN  deficiency_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  product_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  ferrous_JJ  ions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  ferrous_JJ  ions_NNS  in_IO  microwave_NN  ferrites_NNS  is_VBZ  undesirable_JJ  however_RR  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  causes_VBZ  increased_JJ  dielectric_JJ  and_CC  magnetic_JJ  loss_NN  as_CS  is_VBZ  discussed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  and_CC  chapter_NN  4_MC  .  
  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  compounds_NNS  are_VBR  often_RR  made_VBN  iron_NN  deficient_JJ  ,_,  great_JJ  care_NN  being_VBG  taken_VBN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  loss_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  during_IO  sintering_NN  .  
  2.2_MC  .  
  preparation_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  .  
  ferrites_NNS  are_VBR  prepared_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  ceramic_JJ  technique_NN  which_DDQ  involves_VBZ  sintering_VBG  the_AT1  component_NN  oxides_NNS  at_IO  temperatures_NNS  between_IO  1000_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  1450_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  the_AT1  stages_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  are_VBR  listed_VBN  below_II  :_:    raw_JJ  materials_NNS  *?16_&FO  decomposition_NN  to_IO  oxide_NN  *?16_&FO  milling_NN  *?16_&FO  presintering_NN  (_(  partial_JJ  reaction_NN  )_)  *?16_&FO  remilling_NN  *?16_&FO  pressing_NN  and_CC  extruding_NN  to_IO  shape_NN  *?16_&FO  final_JJ  sintering_NN  *?16_&FO  grinding_NN  to_IO  shape_NN  .  
  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  ;_;  these_DD2  include_VV0  oxides_NNS  ,_,  carbonates_NNS  ,_,  oxylates_NNS  and_CC  nitrates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  compounds_NNS  decompose_VV0  to_IO  oxides_NNS  on_IO  heat_NN  treatment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  thus_RR  prepared_VBN  in_IO  situ_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  near_II  to_IO  that_DD1  at_IO  which_DDQ  solid_JJ  state_NN  reactions_NNS  commence_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  should_VM  favour_VV0  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  quality_NN  homogeneous_JJ  materials_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  \0MgMn_&FO  ferrites_NNS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  reported_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  nitrates_NNS  gives_VBZ  rise_NN  to_IO  better_JJ  microwave_NN  properties_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  explanation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  high_JJ  decomposition_NN  temperature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nitrates_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  nitrogen_NN  oxides_NNS  help_VV0  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  ferrous_JJ  ions_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  sintering_NN  process_NN  .  
  the_AT1  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  are_VBR  first_RR  milled_VBN  ,_,  usually_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  steel_NN  ball_NN  mill_NN  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  homogeneous_JJ  mixture_NN  of_IO  very_RG  fine_JJ  particles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  is_VBZ  generally_RR  carried_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  slurry_NN  of_IO  methylated_JJ  spirit_NN  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  liquid_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  easily_RR  removed_VBN  after_IO  milling_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evaporation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  methylated_JJ  spirit_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  rapidly_RR  to_TO  avoid_VV0  any_DD  heavier_JJ  particles_NNS  separating_VBG  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  raw_JJ  materials_NNS  is_VBZ  then_RL  pre-fired_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  some_DD  200_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  below_IO  its_APP$  final_JJ  firing_NN  temperature_NN  .  
  this_DD1  process_NN  causes_VBZ  partial_JJ  reaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  constituents_NNS  and_CC  helps_VBZ  to_TO  reduce_VV0  shrinkage_NN  during_IO  final_JJ  sintering_NN  .  
  the_AT1  presintered_JJ  powder_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  remilled_VBN  .  
  two_MC  methods_NNS  of_IO  moulding_VBG  the_AT1  powder_NN  into_IO  shape_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  sintering_NN  are_VBR  commonly_RR  employed_VBN  ;_;  die_NN  pressing_NN  and_CC  extrusion_NN  .  
  for_IO  die_NN  pressing_NN  a_AT1  small_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  binder_NN  is_VBZ  added_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  powder_NN  so_CS  that_CS  when_CS the_AT1  sample_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pressed_VBN  to_IO  shape_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  handled_VBN  relatively_RR  easily_RR  .  
  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  contamination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sintered_JJ  ferrite_NN  ,_,  distilled_JJ  water_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  binder_NN  ,_,  although_CS  for_IO  certain_JJ  shapes_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  rods_NNS  )_)  organic_JJ  wax_NN  emulsions_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  found_VBN  more_RG  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  gentle_JJ  heating_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  binder_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  as_CS  violent_JJ  volatilisation_NN  could_VM  cause_VV0  the_AT1  sample_NN  to_TO  crack_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  moulding_NN  pressure_NN  of_IO  between_IO  2_MC  and_CC  10_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0sq_NNU  \0in_NNU  ensures_VBZ  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  end_NN  product_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  forming_VBG  laminates_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pressed_JJ  sample_NN  .  
  for_IO  satisfactory_JJ  extrusion_NN  a_AT1  higher_JJ  percentage_NN  of_IO  binder_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  than_CS  for_IO  moulding_NN  .  
  a_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  wax_NN  in_IO  petroleum_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  binder_NN  for_IO  extrusion_NN  and_CC  by_IO  careful_JJ  choice_NN  of_IO  extrusion_NN  orifice_NN  very_RG  dense_JJ  samples_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  produced_VBN  .  
  as_RG  high_JJ  a_AT1  density_NN  as_IO  99_MC  %_NNU  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  under_IO  special_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  extruded_JJ  samples_NNS  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  however_RR  are_VBR  not_XX  as_RG  dense_JJ  or_CC  uniform_JJ  as_IO  those_DD2  produced_VBN  by_IO  die-pressing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  principal_JB  use_NN  of_IO  extrusion_NN  techniques_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  manufacture_NN  of_IO  long_JJ  thin_JJ  rods_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  shape_NN  often_RR  required_VBN  in_IO  microwave_NN  applications_NNS  .  
  rods_NNS  as_RG  long_JJ  as_IO  12_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  0.04_MC  \0in_NNU  diameter_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  produced_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  .  
  the_AT1  properties_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  product_NN  depend_VV0  critically_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  sintering_NN  process_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  closest_JJT  control_NN  of_IO  sintering_NN  time_NN  ,_,  temperature_NN  and_CC  atmosphere_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  generally_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  sintering_NN  process_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  between_IO  1000_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  1450_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  for_IO  between_IO  4_MC  hours_NNS  and_CC  24_MC  hours_NNS  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  ferrite_NN  .  
  ferrites_NNS  containing_VBG  lithium_NN  and_CC  cadmium_NN  are_VBR  usually_RR  sintered_VBN  at_IO  lower_JJ  temperatures_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  volatility_NN  of_IO  \0LiO_&FO  and_CC  \0CdO*;2**;_&FO  while_CS  those_DD2  containing_VBG  nickel_NN  ,_,  cobalt_NN  and_CC  magnesium_NN  are_VBR  sintered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  temperatures_NNS  .  
  by_IO  sintering_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  at_IO  high_JJ  temperatures_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  final_JJ  product_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  air_NN  pores_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  near_JJ  absence_NN  of_IO  pores_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  requirement_NN  for_IO  certain_JJ  microwave_NN  ferrites_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  discussed_VBN  in_IO  greater_JJ  detail_NN  in_IO  chapter_NN  3_MC  .  
  as_CS  already_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  equilibrium_NN  pressure_NN  increases_VBZ  rapidly_RR  with_IO  increasing_JJ  temperatures_NNS  and_CC  this_DD1  sets_VBZ  a_AT1  limit_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  sintering_NN  temperature_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  without_IO  reduction_NN  of_IO  ferric_JJ  iron_NN  to_IO  ferrous_JJ  iron_NN  .  
  the_AT1  porosity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  polycrystalline_JJ  ferrite_NN  sample_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  quoted_VBN  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  X-ray_NN  or_CC  single-crystal_JB  density_NN  .  
  the_AT1  X-ray_NN  density_NN  is_VBZ  determined_VBN  from_IO  measurements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  spinel_NN  lattice_NN  constant_NN  and_CC  table_NN  2.1_MC  gives_VBZ  values_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  commonly_RR  used_JJ  ferrites_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  lattice_NN  constants_NNS  are_VBR  known_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  density_NN  of_IO  typical_JJ  polycrystalline_JJ  pressed_JJ  samples_NNS  is_VBZ  between_IO  80_MC  %_NNU  and_CC  95_MC  %_NNU  of_IO  X-ray_NN  density_NN  ,_,  though_CS  figures_NNS  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  99_MC  %_NNU  have_VH0  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  .  
  during_IO  sintering_NN  ,_,  shrinkage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ferrite_NN  sample_NN  occurs_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  by_IO  careful_JJ  preparation_NN  and_CC  by_IO  ensuring_VBG  a_AT1  uniform_JJ  temperature_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  sample_NN  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  final_JJ  shape_NN  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  the_AT1  tolerances_NNS  required_VBN  in_IO  practice_NN  .  
  sintered_JJ  ferrites_NNS  ,_,  being_VBG  ceramic_JJ  in_IO  nature_NN  ,_,  require_VV0  special_JJ  methods_NNS  of_IO  shaping_NN  .  
  cutting_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  diamond_NN  slitting_NN  wheel_NN  or_CC  by_IO  use_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ultrasonic_JJ  machine_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  knife_NN  edge_NN  cutting_JJ  head_NN  .  
  an_AT1  accurate_JJ  finish_NN  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  surface_NN  grinding_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  carborundum_NN  wheel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  single_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  ferrite_NN  was_VBDZ  originally_RR  of_IO  interest_NN  mainly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  physicist_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  crystals_NNS  produced_VBN  were_VBDR  too_RG  small_JJ  for_IO  use_NN  in_IO  microwave_NN  applications_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  development_NN  of_IO  non-linear_JJ  devices_NNS  employing_VBG  small_JJ  single-crystal_JB  samples_NNS  has_VHZ  modified_VBN  this_DD1  situation_NN  ,_,  although_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  still_RR  extensively_RR  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fundamental_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  .  
  two_MC  principal_JB  methods_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  used_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  formation_NN  of_IO  single_JJ  crystals_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  borax_NN  melt_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  flame_NN  fusion_NN  process_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  borax_NN  melt_NN  process_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  constituent_JJ  oxides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  ferrite_NN  are_VBR  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  flux_NN  of_IO  molten_JJ  borax_NN  by_IO  heating_VBG  the_AT1  mixture_NN  to_IO  between_IO  1300_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  1400_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  and_CC  maintaining_VBG  this_DD1  temperature_NN  for_IO  several_DA  hours_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  melt_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  cooled_VBN  at_IO  a_DA  few_DA  degrees_NNS  per_IO  hour_NN  until_CS  crystals_NNS  start_VV0  to_TO  form_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  alternatively_RR  the_AT1  flux_NN  is_VBZ  evaporated_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  constant_JJ  rate_NN  .  
  a_AT1  disadvantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  borax_NN  vapour_NN  evolved_VBN  is_VBZ  very_RG  corrosive_JJ  and_CC  destroys_VBZ  most_DA  refractory_JJ  materials_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  necessitates_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  special_JJ  furnace_NN  equipment_NN  .  
  crystals_NNS  of_IO  linear_JJ  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  about_RR  1_MC1  \0cm_NNU  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  flame-fusion_NN  process_NN  constituent_JJ  oxides_NNS  are_VBR  mixed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  proportions_NNS  and_CC  sprinkled_VBN  into_IO  an_AT1  oxy-hydrogen_NN  flame_NN  .  
  crystals_NNS  of_IO  reasonable_JJ  length_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  1-2_MC-MC  \0cm_NNU  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  grown_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  refractory_JJ  rod_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  flame_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  control_VV0  the_AT1  exact_JJ  chemical_JJ  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crystal_NN  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  flame-fusion_NN  process_NN  .  
  2.3_MC  .  
  magnetic_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  section_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  provide_VV0  an_AT1  elementary_JJ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  magnetic_JJ  properties_NNS  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  enough_DD  background_NN  material_NN  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  reader_NN  to_TO  place_VV0  the_AT1  section_NN  in_IO  perspective_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  stressed_VBN  that_CS  since_CS  the_AT1  object_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  equip_VV0  the_AT1  microwave_NN  user_NN  of_IO  ferrites_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  magnetic_JJ  properties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  finer_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  sought_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bibliography_NN  provided_VBN  .  
  consideration_NN  will_VM  first_RR  be_VB0  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  magnetism_NN  in_IO  electrons_NNS  ,_,  atoms_NNS  and_CC  ions_NNS  ,_,  choosing_VBG  as_IO  examples_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  occur_VV0  in_IO  ferrites_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mechanisms_NNS  of_IO  para-_JB  ,_,  ferro-_JB  and_CC  ferri-magnetism_NN  will_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  explained_VBN  and_CC  reference_NN  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  temperature_NN  behaviour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  saturation_NN  magnetisation_NN  of_IO  certain_JJ  ferrites_NNS  .  
  in_IO  ferrites_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  principally_RR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  phenomenon_NN  of_IO  ferrimagnetism_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  treated_VBN  in_IO  greater_JJ  detail_NN  .  
  5.5_MC  .  
  variation_NN  of_IO  material_NN  strength_NN  .  
  two_MC  alloys_NNS  of_IO  widely_RR  different_JJ  strengths_NNS  from_IO  he30-wp_&FO  were_VBDR  selected_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  study_VV0  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  material_NN  properties_NNS  on_IO  strut_NN  behaviour_NN  .  
  the_AT1  alloys_NNS  were_VBDR  ne6-m_&FO  and_CC  he15-wp_&FO  ,_,  which_DDQ  have_VH0  0.1_MC  %_NNU  proof_NN  stresses_NNS  of_IO  approximately_RR  10_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  and_CC  28_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  respectively_RR  .  
  the_AT1  specimens_NNS  were_VBDR  fabricated_VBN  from_IO  3_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  2_MC  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  0.15_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  76.2_MC  x_IO  57.15_MC  x_IO  3.81_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  \0A.D.A_JJ  unequal_JJ  bulb_NN  angle_NN  section_NN  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  design_NN  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  series_NN  of_IO  \0A.D.A_JJ  specimens_NNS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  13_MC  .  
  as_CS  material_NN  failure_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  influence_NN  on_IO  strut_NN  behaviour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  ,_,  these_DD2  specimens_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  limited_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  only_RR  :_:  30_MC  to_IO  60_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  he15-wp_&FO  and_CC  30-90_MC-MC  for_IO  the_AT1  ne6-m_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  overall_JB  picture_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  behaviour_NN  was_VBDZ  similar_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  sets_NNS  of_IO  specimens_NNS    torsion-flexure_NN  .  
  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  strength_NN  material_NN  specimens_NNS  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  of_IO  an_AT1  elastic_JJ  buckling_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  with_IO  torsional_JJ  and_CC  flexural_JJ  deflections_NNS  starting_VBG  near_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  load_NN  and_CC  growing_VBG  very_RG  rapidly_RR  to_IO  large_JJ  magnitudes_NNS  ,_,  when_CS no_AT1  further_JB  increase_NN  in_IO  load_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  sustained_VBN  .  
  on_IO  unloading_VBG  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  complete_JJ  recovery_NN  ,_,  showing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  buckling_NN  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  elastic_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  exception_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  L/k_&FO  =_&FO  40_MC  specimens_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  torsional_JJ  deflection_NN  was_VBDZ  increased_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  local_JJ  collapse_NN  occurred_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  third_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  specimen_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  strength_NN  specimens_NNS  generally_RR  failed_VVD  quite_RR  suddenly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  very_RG  little_DA  deflection_NN  visible_JJ  beforehand_RR  .  
  failure_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  torsion-flexure_NN  form_NN  ,_,  with_IO  flexure_NN  more_RG  predominant_JJ  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  previously_RR  described_VBN  ,_,  coupled_VBN  in_IO  all_DB  cases_NNS  below_IO  L/k_&FO  =_&FO  50_MC  with_IO  local_JJ  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  bulbed_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  angle_NN  member_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  scarcely_RR  any_DD  recovery_NN  on_IO  unloading_VBG  ,_,  showing_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  distortion_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  rise_NN  to_IO  large_JJ  areas_NNS  of_IO  plasticity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  forms_NNS  of_IO  specimens_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  materials_NNS  after_IO  failure_NN  for_IO  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  30_MC  ,_,  40_MC  and_CC  50_MC  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  33_MC  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  large_JJ  permanent_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ne6-m_&FO  specimens_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  clearly_RR  seen_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  almost_RR  complete_JJ  recovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  he15-wp_&FO  ones_CD1S  .  
  the_AT1  right-hand_JB  specimen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  pair_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  exceptional_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  collapse_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  he15-wp_&FO  series_NN  referred_VBN  to_IO  above_II  .  
  \0fig_NN  34_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  L/k_&FO  =_&FO  90_MC  specimen_NN  in_IO  ne6-m_&FO  after_IO  failure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  series_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  16_MC  and_CC  \0fig_NN  35_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  strengths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  series_NNS  of_IO  specimens_NNS  compared_VBN  with_IO  those_DD2  for_IO  the_AT1  he30-wp_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  ne6-m_&FO  are_VBR  presented_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  parts_NNS  :_:  **[ILLUSTRATION**]_&FO  **[ILLUSTRATION**]_&FO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  because_CS  a_AT1  second_MD  batch_NN  of_IO  material_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  specimens_NNS  had_VHD  an_AT1  appreciably_RR  higher_JJ  strength_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  .  
  5.6_MC  .  
  determination_NN  of_IO  material_NN  properties_NNS  .  
  tension_NN  specimens_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  from_IO  each_DD1  different_JJ  batch_NN  of_IO  section_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  machined_JJ  round_JJ  specimens_NNS  of_IO  0.282_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  7.16_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  diameter_NN  were_VBDR  made_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  or_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  bulbed_JJ  edge_NN  ,_,  in_IO  others_DA2  standard_JJ  flat_JJ  specimens_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  longer_JJ  leg_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  .  
  strains_NNS  were_VBDR  measured_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  (_(  25.4_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  gauge_NN  length_NN  Robertson_NP  optical_JJ  extensometer_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  round_JJ  specimens_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  Gerard_NP  extensometer_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  compression_NN  test_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  specimen_NN  should_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  about_RR  2_MC  1/2_MC  times_IO  its_APP$  diameter_NN  ;_;  therefore_RR  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  compression_NN  specimens_NNS  taken_VBN  from_IO  small_JJ  structural_JJ  sections_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  diameter_NN  of_IO  specimen_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  3_MC  \0in_NNU  x_IO  2_MC  1/4_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  76.2_MC  x_IO  57.15_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  \0A.D.A_JJ  section_NN  was_VBDZ  about_RR  3/8_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  9.5_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  the_AT1  length_NN  was_VBDZ  limited_VBN  to_IO  1_MC1  \0in_NNU  (_(  25.4_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  jig_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  specimen_NN  was_VBDZ  clamped_VBN  and_CC  both_DB2  ends_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  ground_VBN  at_IO  one_MC1  setting_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  finished_VBN  accurately_RR  flat_JJ  and_CC  parallel_JJ  .  
  strains_NNS  were_VBDR  measured_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  Martens_NP  extensometers_NNS  having_VHG  a_AT1  gauge_NN  length_NN  of_IO  0.6_MC  \0in_NNU  (_(  15.24_MC  \0mm_NNU  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  test_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  parallel_JJ  platen_NN  apparatus_NN  to_TO  ensure_VV0  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  compression_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  without_IO  bending_NN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  summarised_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  17_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  that_CS  where_CS test_NN  pieces_NNS  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  from_IO  both_DB2  the_AT1  bulb_NN  and_CC  corner_NN  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  material_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  had_VHD  an_AT1  appreciably_RR  lower_JJ  tensile_JJ  proof_NN  strength_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Young's_PPIO2  moduli_NNS  are_VBR  generally_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  5_MC  %_NNU  higher_JJ  in_IO  compression_NN  than_CS  in_IO  tension_NN  .  
  observations_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  nature_NN  have_VH0  been_VBN  recorded_VBN  before_II  with_IO  aluminium_NN  alloy_NN  but_CCB  no_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  explanation_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  offered_VBN  .  
  6_MC  .  
  analysis_NN  of_IO  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  falls_VBZ  naturally_RR  into_IO  three_MC  categories_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  comparison_NN  of_IO  values_NNS  of_IO  failing_JJ  stress_NN  predicted_VBN  analytically_RR  with_IO  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  experimentally_RR  :_:  a_AT1  similar_JJ  comparison_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  obtained_VBN  from_IO  standard_JJ  design_NN  methods_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  behaviour_NN  of_IO  double_JJ  angle_NN  struts_NNS  having_VHG  different_JJ  cross-sectional_JJ  profiles_NNS  .  
  6.1_MC  .  
  prediction_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  .  
  the_AT1  prediction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  buckling_JJ  load_NN  of_IO  members_NNS  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  interaction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  flexural_JJ  and_CC  torsional_JJ  modes_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  fully_RR  dealt_VBN  with_IO  by_IO  Timoshenko_NP  and_CC  many_DA  other_DA  authors_NNS  .  
  for_IO  members_NNS  having_VHG  one_MC1  axis_NN  of_IO  symmetry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  critical_JJ  load_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  root_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equation_NN  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS p*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  p*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  p*;3**;_&FO  ,_,  are_VBR  respectively_RR  the_AT1  critical_JJ  stresses_NNS  for_IO  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  principal_JB  axis_NN  x-x_&FO  at_IO  right_JJ  angles_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  axis_NN  of_IO  symmetry_NN  ,_,  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  axis_NN  of_IO  symmetry_NN  a-a_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  torsional_JJ  buckling_NN  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  r_ZZ1  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS a_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  shear_NN  centre_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  centroid_NN  ,_,  and_CC  k*;x**;_&FO  and_CC  k*;a**;_&FO  are_VBR  the_AT1  respective_JJ  principal_JB  radii_NNS  of_IO  gyration_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exact_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  buckling_NN  of_IO  built-up_JB  members_NNS  such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  considered_VBN  here_RL  is_VBZ  extremely_RR  complex_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  provided_CS  the_AT1  individual_JJ  members_NNS  are_VBR  fastened_VBN  together_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  points_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  justifiable_JJ  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  approximation_NN  ,_,  to_TO  treat_VV0  the_AT1  members_NNS  as_CS  being_VBG  homogeneous_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  struts_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  investigation_NN  the_AT1  bending_NN  stiffnesses_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  principal_JB  axes_NNS  are_VBR  approximately_RR  equal_JJ  ;_;  therefore_RR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  member_NN  is_VBZ  effectively_RR  fixed-ended_JJ  for_IO  buckling_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  x-x_&FO  axis_NN  ,_,  p*;1**;_&FO  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  greatly_RR  in_IO  excess_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  buckling_NN  stress_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  disregarded_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  stiffness_NN  for_IO  bending_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  axis_NN  of_IO  symmetry_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  reduced_JJ  value_NN  calculated_VBN  in_IO  4.1_MC  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  stiffness_NN  used_VBN  in_IO  calculating_VBG  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  buckling_NN  load_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  by_IO  multiplying_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  factor_NN  b_ZZ1  from_IO  table_NN  11_MC  .  
  the_AT1  warping_NN  stiffness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  angle_NN  sections_NNS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  very_RG  low_JJ  ,_,  has_VHZ  very_RG  little_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  buckling_NN  load_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  neglected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  calculation_NN  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  buckling_NN  stress_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS gj_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  free-ended_JJ  torsional_JJ  stiffness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  composite_JJ  member_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I*;p**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  polar_JJ  second_MD  moment_NN  of_IO  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cross-section_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  shear_NN  centre_NN  .  
  the_AT1  values_NNS  obtained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  buckling_NN  stresses_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  below_II  in_IO  table_NN  18_MC  .  
  \0fig_NN  36_MC  shows_VBZ  these_DD2  values_NNS  graphically_RR  ,_,  curve_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  for_IO  the_AT1  he30-wp_&FO  struts_NNS  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  observation_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  failing_JJ  stress_NN  curve_NN  lies_VBZ  well_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  discrepancy_NN  being_VBG  most_RG  marked_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  most_RG  obvious_JJ  explanation_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  reduction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effective_JJ  stiffness_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  inadequate_JJ  rigidity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fastenings_NNS  ,_,  discussed_VBN  in_IO  4.1_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  results_NNS  were_VBDR  re-plotted_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  calculated_VBN  from_IO  actual_JJ  stiffness_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  curve_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  moved_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  .  
  some_DD  confirmation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  explanation_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  tests_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  knife-edge_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  x-x_&FO  axis_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fastenings_NNS  on_IO  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  much_RR  smaller_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  lie_VV0  much_RR  nearer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  curve_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  re-calculate_VV0  the_AT1  torsion-flexure_NN  buckling_NN  stress_NN  values_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  stress_NN  is_VBZ  derived_VBN  from_IO  that_DD1  obtained_VBN  by_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  measured_JJ  bending_NN  stiffness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  stiffness_NN  remaining_VBG  as_CS  before_II  .  
  these_DD2  values_NNS  are_VBR  plotted_VBN  in_IO  curve_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  ,_,  \0fig_NN  36_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  lies_VBZ  much_RR  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  curve_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  than_CS  does_VBZ  the_AT1  original_JJ  theoretical_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  curve_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  argued_VBN  that_CS  compression_NN  should_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  bolt_NN  clearances_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  discrepancy_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  and_CC  theoretical_JJ  values_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  due_JJ  to_IO  plasticity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  stresses_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  compression_NN  stress-strain_JB  curve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  he30-wp_&FO  material_NN  used_VBN  ,_,  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tangent_NN  modulus_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  deduced_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Engesser_NP  plastic_NN  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  curve_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  constructed_VBN  ,_,  curve_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  continuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Euler_NP  curve_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  range_NN  .  
  this_DD1  curve_NN  diverges_VBZ  rapidly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  Euler_NP  and_CC  elastic_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  curves_VBZ  as_CS  the_AT1  slenderness_NN  ratio_NN  diminishes_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  limit_NN  of_IO  proportionality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  he30-wp_&FO  was_VBDZ  just_RR  below_IO  8_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  (_(  12.7_MC  \0kg_NNU  /_IO  \0mm*:2**:_NNU  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  that_CS  after_IO  the_AT1  critical_JJ  stress_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  value_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  occurs_VBZ  at_IO  about_RR  L/k_&FO  =_&FO  70_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  true_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  buckling_NN  curve_NN  would_VM  begin_VV0  to_TO  diverge_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  direct_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  constructing_VBG  the_AT1  plastic_NN  torsion-flexure_NN  buckling_NN  curve_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  by_IO  assuming_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  critical_JJ  load_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  mode_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  change_VV0  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  reasonable_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  shear_NN  modulus_NN  remains_VBZ  nearly_RR  constant_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  devise_VV0  a_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  successive_JJ  approximation_NN  .  
  taking_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  stress_NN  ,_,  p*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  value_NN  obtained_VBN  for_IO  flexural_JJ  plastic_NN  buckling_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  value_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  torsion-flexure_NN  buckling_NN  stress_NN  p_ZZ1  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  compression_NN  stress-strain_JB  curve_VV0  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tangent_NN  modulus_NN  E*;t**;_&FO  at_IO  the_AT1  stress_NN  p_ZZ1  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  .  
  using_VBG  this_DD1  value_NN  of_IO  E*;t**;_&FO  in_IO  the_AT1  Engesser_NP  equation_NN  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  buckling_NN  stress_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strut_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  slenderness_NN  ratio_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  value_NN  will_VM  generally_RR  be_VB0  found_VBN  to_TO  differ_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  chosen_VBN  for_IO  p*;2**;_&FO  .  
  another_DD1  value_NN  is_VBZ  now_RL  chosen_VBN  for_IO  p*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  process_NN  repeated_VBN  until_CS  a_AT1  value_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  plastic_NN  torsion-flexure_NN  buckling_NN  stress_NN  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  value_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  tangent_NN  modulus_NN  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  plastic_NN  flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  p*;2**;_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  values_NNS  obtained_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  36_MC  ,_,  curve_NN  (_(  5_MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  below_IO  40_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  curve_NN  lies_VBZ  above_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  one_MC1    between_IO  those_DD2  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  equation_NN  using_VBG  modified_JJ  flexural_JJ  stiffness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  elastic_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  equation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  concluded_VBN  that_CS  both_DB2  plasticity_NN  and_CC  loss_NN  of_IO  expected_JJ  stiffness_NN  contribute_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  divergence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  predicted_JJ  values_NNS  .  
  confirmation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  by_IO  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  he15-wp_&FO  and_CC  ne6-m_&FO  materials_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  limit_NN  of_IO  he15-wp_&FO  is_VBZ  about_RR  23_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  critical_JJ  stress_NN  for_IO  elastic_JJ  torsion-flexural_JJ  buckling_NN  at_IO  L/k_&FO  =_&FO  30_MC  is_VBZ  23.1_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  that_CS  plasticity_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  scarcely_RR  any_DD  influence_NN  on_IO  failure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  .  
  \0fig_NN  37_MC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  values_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  reasonable_JJ  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  values_NNS  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  torsion-flexure_NN  equation_NN  with_IO  modified_JJ  flexural_JJ  stiffness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  small_JJ  discrepancy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  attributed_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  over-estimation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  torsional_JJ  stiffness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ne6-m_&FO  alloy_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  elastic_JJ  limit_NN  of_IO  between_IO  4_MC  and_CC  5_MC  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0in*:2**:_NNU  ,_,  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  picture_NN  in_CS  that_CS  plasticity_NN  affects_VBZ  failure_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  considered_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  plastic_NN  torsion-flexure_NN  curve_NN  ,_,  in_IO  \0fig_NN  37_MC  ,_,  lies_VBZ  well_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  elastic_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  this_DD1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  plasticity_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  dominating_JJ  factor_NN  affecting_VBG  failure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reduced_JJ  flexural_JJ  stiffness_NN  contributes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  experimental_JJ  and_CC  predicted_JJ  values_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  best_JJT  prediction_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  plastic_NN  torsion-flexure_NN  approach_NN  using_VBG  the_AT1  reduced_JJ  ,_,  experimental_JJ  flexural_JJ  stiffnesses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  calculation_NN  for_IO  he30-wp_&FO  and_CC  ne6-m_&FO  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  38_MC  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  good_JJ  agreement_NN  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  except_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  slenderness_NN  ratio_NN  where_CS the_AT1  stiffnesses_NNS  have_VH0  probably_RR  been_VBN  over_RR  estimated_VBN  .  
  6.2_MC  .  
  design_NN  methods_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  mode_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  at_IO  all_DB  slenderness_NN  ratios_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  150_MC  was_VBDZ  torsion-flexure_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  direct_JJ  design_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Perry-Robertson_NP  strut_NN  curve_NN  is_VBZ  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  forms_NNS  of_IO  compression_NN  instability_NN  ,_,  other_DA  than_CS  purely_RR  flexural_JJ  ,_,  may_VM  be_VB0  dealt_VBN  with_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  slenderness_NN  ratio_NN  (_(  \0e.s.r_NN  )_)  method_NN  .  
  summary_NN  .  
  the_AT1  authors_NNS  discuss_VV0  the_AT1  testing_NN  of_IO  explosives_NNS  with_IO  special_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ability_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  test_NN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  significant_JJ  differences_NNS  in_IO  ignition_NN  probability_NN  and_CC  also_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  reliability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  tests_NNS  requiring_VBG  low_JJ  ignition_NN  rates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  particularly_RR  no-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  class_NN  ,_,  poor_JJ  discriminators_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  discriminate_VV0  can_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  by_IO  increasing_VBG  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  accepted_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  pass_NN  level_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  suggested_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  test_NN  of_IO  26_MC  shots_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  13_MC  ignitions_NNS  are_VBR  permitted_VBN  ,_,  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  compromise_NN  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  within_IO  reasonable_JJ  limits_NNS  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  million_MC  shots_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  are_VBR  fired_VBN  in_IO  British_JJ  mines_NNS  and_CC  usually_RR  about_RR  6_MC  ignitions_NNS  are_VBR  reported_VBN  each_DD1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  clear_JJ  that_CS  with_IO  a_AT1  practical_JJ  ignition_NN  rate_NN  of_IO  roughly_RR  10*:-7**:_&FO  ,_,  a_AT1  test_NN  no_RR  more_RG  severe_JJ  than_IO  practical_JJ  use_NN  required_VVD  an_AT1  impossibly_RR  high_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  answer_NN  ;_;  and_CC  therefore_RR  the_AT1  test_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  more_RG  severe_JJ  (_(  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  ignition_NN  rate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  higher_JJ  )_)  that_CS  an_AT1  effective_JJ  assessment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  safety_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  explosive_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  practicable_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  .  
  in_IO  rigorous_JJ  terms_NNS  this_DD1  thesis_NN  demands_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  ignition_NN  rate_NN  be_VB0  multiplied_VBN  ten_MC  million_MC  times_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  multiplying_JJ  factor_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  ensuring_VBG  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  practical_JJ  conditions_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  dangerous_JJ  but_CCB  rare_JJ  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  considerable_JJ  volumes_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  explosive_JJ  mixture_NN  of_IO  methane_NN  /_CC  air_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  stemming_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shothole_NN  ,_,  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  (_(  2_MC  )_)  modifying_VBG  the_AT1  test_NN  apparatus_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  ignition_NN  rate_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  firing_VBG  the_AT1  shot_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  steel_NN  cannon_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  or_CC  coal_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  fired_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  these_DD2  devices_NNS  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  explosives_NNS  testing_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  some_DD  tentative_JJ  results_NNS  recorded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  literature_NN  (_(  Cybulski_NP  ,_,  1959_MC  ;_;  Schultze-Rhonhof_NP  and_CC  others_DA2  ,_,  1959_MC  )_)  no_AT1  firm_JJ  estimate_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  contributions_NNS  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  multiplying_JJ  factor_NN  .  
  however_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probably_RR  wise_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  contribution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  group_NN  is_VBZ  substantial_JJ  rather_RR  than_CS  preponderant_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  fortunate_JJ  rather_RR  than_IO  the_AT1  reverse_NN  because_CS  scientifically_RR  any_DD  process_NN  that_PNQS extrapolates_VBZ  a_AT1  million_MC  times_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  require_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  proving_NN  .  
  British_JJ  approval_NN  tests_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  such_DA  that_CS  an_AT1  explosive_NN  is_VBZ  failed_VBN  if_CS  ignitions_NNS  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  reliance_NN  on_IO  no-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  an_AT1  almost_RR  uniform_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  explosive_JJ  testing_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  although_CS  the_AT1  French_JJ  system_NN  permits_VBZ  ignitions_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  recently_RR  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  bureau_NN  of_IO  mines_NNS  has_VHZ  made_VBN  a_AT1  decided_JJ  break_NN  with_IO  tradition_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  regard_NN  (_(  United_NP  States_NP  bureau_NN  of_IO  mines_NNS  ,_,  1961_MC  )_)  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  three_MC  years_NNS  a_AT1  detailed_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  testing_JJ  procedure_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  conducted_VBN  at_IO  \0S.M.R.E_NP  ;_;  particular_JJ  attention_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  paid_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  problems_NNS  raised_VBN  by_IO  no-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  concluded_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  no-ignition_JB  test_NN  ,_,  as_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  explosives_NNS  ,_,  gives_VBZ  too_RG  little_DA  information_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  material_NN  tested_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  weakness_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  removed_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  practicable_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  fired_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .  reliability_NN  and_CC  discrimination_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  test_NN  should_VM  meet_VV0  ,_,  inter_RR  alia_RR  ,_,  two_MC  requirements_NNS  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  reliable_JJ  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  a_AT1  repeat_NN  test_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  material_NN  should_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  result_NN  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  have_VH0  adequate_JJ  discrimination_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  significant_JJ  differences_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  measurement_NN  is_VBZ  exactly_RR  reproducible_JJ  ,_,  since_CS  all_DB  are_VBR  subject_JJ  to_IO  random_JJ  errors_NNS  .  
  in_IO  explosive_NN  testing_NN  random_JJ  error_NN  appears_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  variation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  obtained_VBN  in_IO  repeated_JJ  tests_NNS  on_IO  identical_JJ  material_NN  .  
  however_CS often_RR  a_AT1  trial_NN  is_VBZ  repeated_VBN  ,_,  one_MC1  can_VM  never_RR  say_VV0  how_CS many_DA  ignitions_NNS  will_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  often_RR  a_AT1  trial_NN  is_VBZ  repeated_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  exactly_RR  can_VM  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  individual_JJ  shot_NN  be_VB0  stated_VBN  .  
  once_CS  this_DD1  probability_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  individual_JJ  shot_NN  is_VBZ  known_VBN  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  that_PNQS must_VM  be_VB0  fired_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  a_AT1  given_JJ  probability_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  situation_NN  ,_,  complete_JJ  reliability_NN  of_IO  acceptance_NN  or_CC  rejection_NN  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  ;_;  one_MC1  may_VM  assign_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  probability_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  material_NN  of_IO  specified_JJ  characteristics_NNS  shall_VM  be_VB0  accepted_VBN  or_CC  rejected_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  probability_NN  can_VM  ,_,  by_IO  firing_VBG  enough_DD  shots_NNS  ,_,  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  approach_VV0  certainty_NN  as_RG  closely_RR  as_CS  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  a_AT1  situation_NN  is_VBZ  rapidly_RR  reached_VBN  where_CS an_AT1  enormous_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  fired_VBN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  improvement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  fundamental_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  and_CC  rejection_NN  limits_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  equal_JJ  although_CS  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  by_IO  firing_VBG  enough_DD  shots_NNS  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  approach_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  as_RG  closely_RR  as_CS  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  and_CC  rejection_NN  levels_NNS  is_VBZ  analogous_JJ  to_IO  discrimination_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  values_NNS  of_IO  ignition_NN  probability_NN  are_VBR  chosen_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  rejection_NN  and_CC  acceptance_NN  limits_NNS  and_CC  whatever_DDQ  level_NN  of_IO  probability_NN  be_VB0  chosen_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  rejection_NN  or_CC  acceptance_NN  at_IO  those_DD2  limits_NNS  ,_,  material_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  mean_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  almost_RR  as_RG  likely_JJ  to_TO  fail_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  again_RR  is_VBZ  fundamental_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  systems_NNS  of_IO  assessment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  therefore_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  concepts_NNS  of_IO  reliability_NN  and_CC  discrimination_NN  as_CS  applied_VBN  to_IO  testing_NN  are_VBR  complex_JJ  ones_CD1S  :_:  overall_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  system_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  reliable_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  chosen_JJ  extent_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  chosen_JJ  range_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  no-ignition_JB  test_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  section_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  pointed_VBN  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  reliability_NN  of_IO  rejection_NN  or_CC  acceptance_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  choice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  clearly_RR  opinions_NNS  will_VM  differ_VV0  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  desirable_JJ  level_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  reasonable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  writers_NNS  to_TO  require_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  test_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  0.95_MC  probability_NN  of_IO  rejecting_VBG  an_AT1  explosive_NN  having_VHG  an_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  reject_NN  level_NN  .  
  correspondingly_RR  there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  0.95_MC  probability_NN  of_IO  accepting_VBG  an_AT1  explosive_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  level_NN  .  
  calculations_NNS  were_VBDR  then_RL  made_VBN  which_DDQ  permitted_VVD  the_AT1  plotting_NN  of_IO  curve_NN  1_MC1  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  figure_NN  the_AT1  true_JJ  probability_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  shot_NN  is_VBZ  plotted_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  explosive_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  be_VB0  fired_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  0.95_MC  probability_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  ignitions_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  a_AT1    no-ignition_JB    test_NN  of_IO  28_MC  shots_NNS  will_VM  reject_VV0  ,_,  19_MC  times_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  20_MC  ,_,  an_AT1  explosive_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  of_IO  0.1_MC  (_(  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  paper_NN  19_MC  times_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  20_MC  will_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN    reliable_JJ    rejection_NN  or_CC  acceptance_NN  .  )_)  
  curve_NN  2_MC  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  ignitions_NNS  is_VBZ  0.05_MC  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  0.95_MC  of_IO  acceptance_NN  .  
  from_IO  these_DD2  curves_NNS  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  although_CS  a_AT1  28-shot_JB  sequence_NN  will_VM  reliably_RR  reject_VV0  an_AT1  explosive_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  probability_NN  of_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  not_XX  reliably_RR  accept_VV0  explosives_NNS  until_CS  the_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  has_VHZ  fallen_VBN  to_IO  0.0018_MC  ;_;  in_IO  other_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  manufacturer_NN  submits_VBZ  an_AT1  explosive_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  a_AT1  slightly_RR  lower_JJ  ignition_NN  probability_NN  than_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  moderate_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  through_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  but_CCB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  submits_VBZ  another_DD1  that_PNQS is_VBZ  ten_MC  times_NNS  better_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  respect_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  fair_JJ  chance_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  it_PPH1  rejected_VVD  .  
  summarizing_VBG  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  probability_NN  is_VBZ  lower_JJ  than_IO  0.0018_MC  or_CC  higher_JJ  than_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  explosive_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  reliably_RR  passed_VBN  or_CC  failed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  intermediate_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  test_NN  will_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  reliable_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  curves_NNS  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  also_RR  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  rejection_NN  level_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  varied_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  but_CCB  without_IO  an_AT1  appreciable_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  approximately_RR  50_MC  for_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  pass_NN  level_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  poor_JJ  discrimination_NN  with_IO  no-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  tests_NNS  permitting_VBG  ignitions_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  section_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  poor_JJ  discrimination_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  characteristic_NN  of_IO  no-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  permitting_VBG  one_MC1  ignition_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  2_MC  and_CC  \0fig_NN  3_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  characteristics_NNS  for_IO  2-ignition_JB  tests_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  rejection_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  acceptance_NN  curves_NNS  narrows_VBZ  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  discrimination_NN  is_VBZ  improved_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  permitted_JJ  ignitions_NNS  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  calculations_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  \0fig_NN  2_MC  and_CC  3_MC  are_VBR  based_VBN  have_VH0  been_VBN  extended_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  summarized_VBN  in_IO  table_NN  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  discrimination_NN  steadily_RR  increases_VBZ  with_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  (_(  m_ZZ1  )_)  accepted_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  pass_NN  level_NN  .  
  confining_VBG  attention_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  rejection_NN  level_NN  of_IO  p*;r**;_&FO  equal_JJ  to_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  table_NN  1_MC1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  ratio_NN  (_(  p*;r**;/p*;a**;_&FO  )_)  does_VBZ  not_XX  fall_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  of_IO  2_MC  until_CS  the_AT1  number_NN  (_(  n_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  shots_NNS  fired_VBN  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  200_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  acceptable_JJ  number_NN  (_(  m_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  ignitions_NNS  rises_VBZ  to_IO  12_MC  .  
  the_AT1  table_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  extend_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS (_(  p*;r**;/p*;a**;_&FO  )_)  falls_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  of_IO  two_MC  because_CS  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  compromise_NN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  explosives_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  requirements_NNS  of_IO  discrimination_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  shots_NNS  within_IO  practicable_JJ  limits_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  variabilities_NNS  inherent_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  of_IO  use_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  too_RG  seriously_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  (_(  p*;r**;/p*;a**;_&FO  )_)  for_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  explosive_NN  fluctuates_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  2_MC  to_IO  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  example_NN  may_VM  illustrate_VV0  the_AT1  operation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  test_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  pass_NN  level_NN  of_IO  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  12_MC  ignitions_NNS  in_IO  200_MC  shots_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  test_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  p*;r**;_&FO  of_IO  0.1_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  reliable_JJ  p*;a**;_&FO  (_(  acceptance_NN  level_NN  )_)  of_IO  \0approx_RR  0.05_MC  ;_;  for_IO  reliable_JJ  acceptance_NN  the_AT1  manufacturers_NNS  must_VM  work_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  per_IO  shot_NN  (_(  p_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  0.05_MC  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  product_NN  deteriorates_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  then_RL  re-tested_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  0.95_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  deterioration_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  detected_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  ignition_NN  probability_NN  has_VHZ  increased_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  factor_NN  of_IO  2.0_MC  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  extent_NN  the_AT1  sensitivity_NN  of_IO  existing_JJ  explosives_NNS  tests_NNS  is_VBZ  adjustable_JJ  at_IO  will_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  by_IO  adjusting_VBG  the_AT1  charge_NN  weight_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  by_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  test_NN  apparatus_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  of_IO  changing_VBG  the_AT1  sensitivity_NN  .  
  table_NN  1_MC1  gives_VBZ  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  figures_NNS  for_IO  rejection_NN  ignition_NN  probability_NN  of_IO  0.5_MC  and_CC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  equally_RR  good_JJ  discrimination_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  but_CCB  with_IO  far_RR  fewer_DA  shots_NNS  .  
  table_NN  1_MC1  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  an_AT1  economical_JJ  and_CC  discriminating_JJ  test_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  rejection_NN  level_NN  of_IO  p*;r**;_&FO  =_&FO  0.5_MC  is_VBZ  to_TO  fire_VV0  35_MC  shots_NNS  and_CC  permit_VV0  12_MC  ignitions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  calculations_NNS  have_VH0  since_II  been_VBN  extended_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  \0G_NP  Fogg_NP  of_IO  \0S.M.R.E_NP  and_CC  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  at_IO  a_AT1  rejection_NN  level_NN  of_IO  p*;r**;_&FO  =_&FO  0.673_MC  a_AT1  discrimination_NN  ratio_NN  of_IO  2_MC  is_VBZ  obtained_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  round_NN  (_(  n_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  26_MC  shots_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  permitted_JJ  number_NN  (_(  m_ZZ1  )_)  of_IO  13_MC  ignitions_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  
  mathematical_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mathematical_JJ  basis_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  \0figs_NNS  1_MC1  ,_,  2_MC  and_CC  3_MC  and_CC  table_NN  1_MC1  were_VBDR  calculated_VBN  is_VBZ  simple_JJ  and_CC  well-known_JJ  ;_;  see_VV0  for_IO  example_NN  David_NP  ,_,  \0F.N_NP  (_(  1949_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  probability_NN  ,_,  P_ZZ1  ,_,  of_IO  an_AT1  explosive_NN  being_VBG  accepted_VBN  after_CS  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  tests_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  calculable_JJ  function_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  test_NN  ,_,  p_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  standards_NNS  required_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  series_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  if_CS  our_APP$  standard_JJ  requirement_NN  is_VBZ  0_MC  ignitions_NNS  in_IO  n_ZZ1  trials_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  for_IO  sufficiently_RR  large_JJ  p_ZZ1  ,_,  P_ZZ1  is_VBZ  small_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  explosive_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  certain_JJ  to_TO  fail_VV0  the_AT1  test_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  useful_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  probability_NN  of_IO  ignition_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  almost_RR  certainly_RR  cause_VV0  a_AT1  device_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  failed_VBN  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  fix_VV0  a_AT1  corresponding_JJ  value_NN  for_IO  P_ZZ1  ;_;  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  numerical_JJ  expression_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  phrase_NN    almost_RR  always_RR  failed_VBN    .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  define_VV0    reliable_NC2  rejection_NC2    by_IO  requiring_VBG  P_ZZ1  <_&FO  5_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  obtain_VV0  it_PPH1  whenever_CS p_ZZ1  >_&FO  p*;r**;_&FO  such_CS  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  for_IO  sufficiently_RR  small_JJ  p_ZZ1  ,_,  P_ZZ1  approaches_VBZ  1_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  explosive_NN  is_VBZ  almost_RR  certain_JJ  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  so_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  define_VV0    reliable_NC2  acceptance_NC2    by_IO  requiring_VBG  P_ZZ1  >_&FO  95_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  obtain_VV0  it_PPH1  whenever_CS p_ZZ1  <_&FO  p*;a**;_&FO  such_CS  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  p-values_NNS  can_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  divided_VBN  into_IO  three_MC  parts_NNS  :_:  reliable_JJ  rejection_NN  ,_,  P_ZZ1  <_&FO  5_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  p*;r**;_&FO  <_&FO  p_ZZ1  <_&FO  1_MC1  results_NNS  not_XX  consistent_JJ  ,_,  5_MC  %_NNU  <_&FO  P_ZZ1  <_&FO  95_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  p*;a**;_&FO  <_&FO  p_ZZ1  <_&FO  p*;r**;_&FO  reliable_JJ  acceptance_NN  ,_,  95_MC  %_NNU  <_&FO  P_ZZ1  ,_,  0_MC  <_&FO  p_ZZ1  <_&FO  p*;a**;_&FO  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  these_DD2  ranges_NNS  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  for_IO  different_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  n_ZZ1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  obtain_VV0  \0fig_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  two_MC  curves_NNS  of_IO  p*;r**;_&FO  against_IO  n_ZZ1  (_(  curve_NN  1_MC1  )_)  and_CC  of_IO  p*;a**;_&FO  against_IO  n_ZZ1  (_(  curve_NN  2_MC  )_)  divide_VV0  the_AT1  area_NN  into_IO  three_MC  regions_NNS  :_:  consistent_JJ  failures_NNS  ,_,  results_NNS  not_XX  consistent_JJ  and_CC  consistent_JJ  passes_NNS  .  
  details_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  ,_,  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  were_VBDR  run_VBN  at_IO  1,800_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  ,_,  at_IO  which_DDQ  speed_NN  the_AT1  radial_JJ  acceleration_NN  was_VBDZ  approximately_RR  2,350_MC  g_ZZ1  ,_,  resulting_VBG  in_IO  very_RG  high_JJ  forces_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  hub_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blades_NNS  were_VBDR  provided_VBN  with_IO  both_DB2  flapping_NN  and_CC  drag_NN  hinges_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  former_DA  being_VBG  freely_RR  mounted_VBN  on_IO  ball_NN  races_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  latter_DA  having_VHG  adjustable_JJ  cork_NN  friction_NN  dampers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  blades_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  to_TO  vary_VV0  slightly_RR  in_IO  weight_NN  so_CS  provision_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  final_JJ  balancing_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  small_JJ  adjustable_JJ  weights_NNS  on_IO  screwed_JJ  rods_NNS  radiating_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  hubs_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  blades_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  ,_,  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  resonance_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  at_RR  first_RR  thought_VBN  advisable_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  with_IO  drag_NN  hinges_NNS  locked_VBN  .  
  eventually_RR  however_RR  fatigue_NN  cracks_NNS  were_VBDR  noticed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  roots_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  blades_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suspected_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  drag_NN  hinges_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  possible_JJ  cause_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  after_CS  new_JJ  blades_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  fitted_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  better_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  with_IO  drag_NN  hinges_NNS  free_JJ  and_CC  so_RR  reduce_VV0  root_NN  stresses_NNS  ,_,  experience_NN  having_VHG  shown_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  resonance_NN  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  precaution_NN  ,_,  to_TO  eliminate_VV0  fatigue_NN  failure_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  new_JJ  blades_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  modified_JJ  design_NN  were_VBDR  run_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  reduced_JJ  top_JB  speed_NN  of_IO  1200_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  question_NN  of_IO  blade_NN  fatigue_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  fully_RR  discussed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  appendix_NN  .  
  2.3_MC  .  
  equipment_NN  for_IO  measuring_VBG  tracking_NN  of_IO  blades_NNS  and_CC  flapping_NN  angle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  front_JB  rotor_NN  carried_VVD  a_AT1  commutator_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  brass_NN  segment_NN  contacting_VBG  four_MC  carbon_NN  brushes_NNS  mounted_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  ring_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  rotor_NN  spindle_NN  housing_NN  .  
  three_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  brushes_NNS  were_VBDR  approximately_RR  120_MC  *@_NNU  apart_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  fourth_MD  diametrically_RR  opposite_JJ  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  .  
  the_AT1  brush_NN  contacts_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  to_TO  trigger_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  stroboscope_NN  lamp_NN  illuminating_VBG  the_AT1  blades_NNS  whilst_CS  rotating_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  contacts_NNS  at_IO  approximately_RR  120_MC  *@_NNU  spacings_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  three_MC  in_IO  circuit_NN  together_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  successively_RR  out_RP  of_IO  phase_NN  by_IO  about_RR  one_MC1  chord_NN  length_NN  when_CS the_AT1  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rotor_NN  blades_NNS  were_VBDR  observed_VBN  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  method_NN  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  if_CS  the_AT1  blades_NNS  were_VBDR  tracking_VBG  correctly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  diametrically_RR  opposed_JJ  contacts_NNS  were_VBDR  used_VBN  to_TO  facilitate_VV0  the_AT1  observation_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  angles_NNS  .  
  each_DD1  contact_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  switch_NN  in_IO  circuit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  timing_NN  adjusted_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  stroboscope_NN  flashed_VVD  when_CS a_AT1  particular_JJ  blade_NN  was_VBDZ  parallel_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  longitudinal_JJ  body_NN  axis_NN  either_LE  in_IO  a_AT1  fore_JB  or_CC  aft_JB  direction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  tips_NNS  in_IO  each_DD1  position_NN  was_VBDZ  measured_VBN  by_IO  means_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  travelling_NN  periscope_NN  projecting_VBG  vertically_RR  downwards_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  tips_NNS  in_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  positions_NNS  gave_VVD  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  angle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  periscope_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  type_NN  used_VBN  on_IO  midget_NN  submarines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  stroboscope_NN  lamp_NN  was_VBDZ  mounted_VBN  on_IO  gimbals_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  ,_,  shining_VBG  through_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  perspex_NN  window_NN  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  to_TO  illuminate_VV0  the_AT1  particular_JJ  blade_NN  tip_NN  under_IO  observation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  estimated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  measurements_NNS  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  tenth_MC  of_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  .  
  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  periscope_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  6_MC  from_IO  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  vertical_JJ  slides_NNS  behind_IO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  measuring_NN  scale_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  periscope_NN  weighed_VVD  about_RR  60_MC  \0lb_NNU  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  counterweighted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  wires_NNS  carrying_VBG  these_DD2  weights_NNS  ,_,  passing_VBG  over_IO  pulleys_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  photograph_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  safety_NN  precautions_NNS  .  
  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  centrifugal_JJ  force_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  instability_NN  ,_,  resonance_NN  ,_,  or_CC  fatigue_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  expedient_JJ  to_TO  protect_VV0  the_AT1  personnel_NNS  by_IO  reinforcing_VBG  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  inside_RP  with_IO  sheet_NN  steel_NN  and_CC  outside_RP  with_IO  shutters_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  shutters_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  sandwich_NN  construction_NN  comprised_VBN  of_IO  blocks_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  between_IO  1/4_MC  thick_JJ  plywood_NN  ,_,  totalling_VBG  about_RR  two_MC  inches_NNS  in_IO  thickness_NN  .  
  to_TO  minimise_VV0  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  stopping_VBG  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  and_CC  thereby_RR  losing_VBG  the_AT1  stabilising_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  centrifugal_JJ  force_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  blades_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  interlock_NN  was_VBDZ  incorporated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  circuits_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  delay_NN  of_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  attained_VVD  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  speed_NN  before_IO  starting_VBG  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  speed_NN  had_VHD  dropped_VBN  sufficiently_RR  on_IO  shutting_VBG  down_RP  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  electrical_JJ  supplies_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  and_CC  rotors_NNS  were_VBDR  separate_JJ  there_EX  remained_VVD  the_AT1  danger_NN  arising_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  failure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  current_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  but_CCB  as_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  improbable_JJ  ,_,  no_AT1  attempt_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  that_DD1  eventuality_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  method_NN  and_CC  scope_NN  of_IO  experiments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  model_NN  was_VBDZ  suspended_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  roof_NN  balance_NN  by_IO  two_MC  struts_NNS  spaced_VBN  22_MC  1/2_MC  apart_RP  .  
  these_DD2  struts_NNS  carried_VVD  at_IO  their_APP$  ends_NNS  a_AT1  spindle_NN  mounted_VBN  on_IO  ball_NN  races_NNS  ,_,  passing_VBG  through_IO  and_CC  fixed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  body_NN  29_MC  1/2_MC  from_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  .  
  this_DD1  spindle_NN  being_VBG  freely_RR  mounted_VBN  acted_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  pitching_NN  axis_NN  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  support_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  V-wires_NNS  attached_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  overhead_JB  overhead_JB  split-beam_JB  balance_NN  ,_,  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  2_MC  .  
  these_DD2  wires_NNS  were_VBDR  adjustable_JJ  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  windlass_NN  carried_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  balance_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  varied_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  at_IO  1800_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  giving_VBG  a_AT1  tip_NN  speed_NN  of_IO  about_RR  400_MC  \0ft_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  .  
  later_RRR  the_AT1  speed_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  1200_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  and_CC  a_AT1  tip_NN  speed_NN  of_IO  267_MC  \0ft_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  .  
  lift_NN  ,_,  drag_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pitching_NN  moments_NNS  were_VBDR  measured_VBN  at_IO  wind_NN  speeds_NNS  of_IO  40_MC  ,_,  80_MC  ,_,  120_MC  ,_,  160_MC  and_CC  180_MC  \0ft_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  for_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  rotor_NN  speed_NN  of_IO  1800_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  giving_VBG  approximate_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  tip-speed_JB  ratio_NN  ,_,  m_ZZ1  ,_,  of_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  0.2_MC  ,_,  0.3_MC  ,_,  0.4_MC  and_CC  0.45_MC  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  rotor_NN  speed_NN  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  1200_MC  \0r.p.m_NNU  the_AT1  wind_NN  speeds_NNS  used_VBN  were_VBDR  25_MC  ,_,  55_MC  ,_,  80_MC  ,_,  100_MC  and_CC  120_MC  \0ft_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  giving_VBG  values_NNS  of_IO  m_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.094_MC  ,_,  0.206_MC  ,_,  0.300_MC  ,_,  0.374_MC  and_CC  0.449_MC  respectively_RR  .  
  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  for_IO  blade_NN  angles_NNS  ,_,  th*;0**;_&FO  ,_,  of_IO  4_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  8_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  12_MC  *@_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  angles_NNS  were_VBDR  set_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  worm_NN  and_CC  wheel_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  roots_NNS  using_VBG  a_AT1  surface_NN  table_NN  and_CC  scribing_NN  blocks_VBZ  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  heights_NNS  at_IO  leading_JJ  and_CC  trailing_JJ  edges_NNS  .  
  flapping_NN  angles_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  measured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  described_VBN  in_IO  \0para_NN  2.3_MC  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  desirable_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  measurements_NNS  at_IO  very_RG  low_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  m_ZZ1  ,_,  less_DA  than_IO  0.1_MC  ,_,  difficulty_NN  was_VBDZ  experienced_VBN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  induced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  especially_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  body_NN  angles_NNS  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  without_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  motor_NN  running_VBG  ,_,  a_AT1  vane_NN  anemometer_NN  indicated_VVD  a_AT1  wind_NN  speed_NN  of_IO  about_RR  15_MC  \0ft_NNU  /_IO  \0sec_NNU  at_IO  th*;0**;_&FO  =_&FO  8_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  th_ZZ1  =_&FO  20_MC  *@_NNU  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  flow_NN  was_VBDZ  unreliable_JJ  these_DD2  tests_NNS  were_VBDR  abandoned_VBN  .  
  table_NN  1_MC1  gives_VBZ  a_AT1  summary_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  tests_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  rotor_NN  combinations_NNS  together_RR  with_IO  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  tables_NNS  giving_VBG  the_AT1  results_NNS  .  
  5_MC  .  corrections_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  measurements_NNS  were_VBDR  converted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  coefficients_NNS  c*;t**;_&FO  and_CC  C*;m**;_&FO  where_CS c*;t**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  coefficient_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  normal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  longitudinal_JJ  axis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  and_CC  C*;m**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  pitching_NN  moment_NN  coefficient_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  axis_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  correction_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  forces_NNS  and_CC  moments_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  and_CC  rig_NN  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  by_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  measurements_NNS  with_IO  rotors_NNS  removed_VBN  and_CC  subtracting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  total_NN  .  
  no_AT1  account_NN  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  taken_VBN  of_IO  forces_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  interference_NN  between_IO  rotors_NNS  and_CC  body_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  final_JJ  results_NNS  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  presented_VBN  for_IO  constant_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  tip_NN  speed_NN  ratio_NN  ,_,  m_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wind_NN  speeds_NNS  chosen_VBN  did_VDD  not_XX  give_VV0  exact_JJ  values_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  as_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS th_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  body_NN  angle_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  correction_NN  varied_VVD  with_IO  attitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  and_CC  so_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  results_NNS  had_VHD  first_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  plotted_VBN  against_IO  m_ZZ1  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  values_NNS  for_IO  m_ZZ1  =_&FO  0.1_MC  ,_,  0.2_MC  ,_,  0.3_MC  ,_,  0.4_MC  and_CC  0.45_MC  taken_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  curves_NNS  .  
  corrections_NNS  had_VHD  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_IO  th_ZZ1  due_JJ  to_IO  tunnel_NN  interference_NN  and_CC  therefore_RR  the_AT1  values_NNS  corrected_VBN  for_IO  m_ZZ1  had_VHD  then_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  plotted_VBN  against_IO  th_ZZ1  and_CC  values_NNS  read_VBN  off_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  th_ZZ1  \0viz_RR  ,_,  0_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  5_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  10_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  15_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  20_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  25_MC  *@_NNU  .  
  for_IO  convenience_NN  th_ZZ1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  positive_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  downwards_RR  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  opposite_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  convention_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  9_MC  x_IO  7_MC  wind_NN  tunnel_NN  the_AT1  correction_NN  to_IO  body_NN  angle_NN  (_(  th_ZZ1  )_)  has_VHZ  been_VBN  taken_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS A_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  total_JJ  rotor_NN  disc_NN  area_NN  C_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  cross-sectional_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  tunnel_NN  ,_,  c*;l**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  overall_JB  lift_NN  coefficient_NN  based_VBN  on_IO  total_JJ  disc_NN  area_NN  .  
  the_AT1  correction_NN  is_VBZ  such_DA  that_CS  the_AT1  effective_JJ  inclination_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  geometric_JJ  inclination_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  felt_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  correction_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  satisfactory_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  based_VBN  on_IO  fixed_JJ  wing_NN  theory_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hoped_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  some_DD  future_JB  time_NN  a_AT1  systematic_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  experiments_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  establish_VV0  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  tunnel_NN  corrections_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  helicopter_NN  model_NN  testing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  corrections_NNS  to_IO  pitching_NN  moment_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  flapping_NN  hinge_NN  offset_NN  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  \0para_NN  6_MC  .  
  6_MC  .  
  results_NNS  .  
  6.1_MC  .  
  effect_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  hinge_NN  offset_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  corrections_NNS  mentioned_VBN  in_IO  \0para_NN  5_MC  account_NN  had_VHD  also_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  hinge_NN  offset_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  design_NN  difficulties_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  of_IO  necessity_NN  rather_RR  large_JJ  ,_,  about_RR  6.275_MC  %_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  hinge_NN  offset_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  characteristics_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  rotor_NN  is_VBZ  dealt_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  a_AT1  report_NN  by_IO  Meyer_NP  and_CC  Falabella_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  analysis_NN  given_VBN  in_IO  that_DD1  report_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  to_TO  estimate_VV0  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  rotor_NN  thrust_NN  and_CC  flapping_NN  angles_NNS  and_CC  also_RR  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  overall_JB  pitching_NN  moment_NN  .  
  6.2_MC  .  
  thrust_NN  coefficient_NN  .  
  assuming_VBG  uniform_JJ  distribution_NN  of_IO  induced_JJ  velocity_NN  and_CC  neglecting_VBG  blade_NN  tip_NN  losses_NNS  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  c*;t**;_&FO  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  equation_NN  (_(  38_MC  )_)  of_IO  \0Ref_NN  3_MC  .  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  cyclic_JJ  pitch_NN  B*;1**;_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  term_NN  involving_VBG  a*;1**;_&FO  is_VBZ  small_JJ  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  neglected_VBN  and_CC  therefore_RR  approximately_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  for_IO  zero_MC  forward_JJ  speed_VV0  where_CS m_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  also_RR  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  determine_VV0    a_ZZ1    the_AT1  slope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lift_NN  curve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  section_NN  c*;t**;_&FO  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  for_IO  zero_MC  wind_NN  speed_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  the_AT1  return_NN  flow_NN  type_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  obtain_VV0  a_AT1  true_JJ  zero_MC  wind_NN  speed_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  induced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rotors_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  cut_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  minimum_NN  by_IO  closing_VBG  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  screen_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  so_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  circulation_NN  of_IO  air_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  blade_NN  angles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  at_IO  zero_MC  tunnel_NN  speed_NN  the_AT1  induced_JJ  circulation_NN  at_IO  th*;0**;_&FO  =_&FO  4_MC  *@_NNU  would_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  small_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  measured_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  c*;t**;_&FO  =_&FO  0.00142_MC  was_VBDZ  inserted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  equations_NNS  (_(  2_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  a_ZZ1  =_&FO  5.0_MC  (_(  per_IO  rad_NN  )_)  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  subsequently_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  equation_NN  (_(  1a_MC  )_)  .  
  a_AT1  curve_NN  of_IO  static_JJ  thrust_NN  coefficient_NN  using_VBG  the_AT1  above_JB  value_NN  of_IO    a_ZZ1    is_VBZ  given_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  7_MC  .  
  the_AT1  theoretical_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  c*;t**;_&FO  using_VBG  equation_NN  (_(  1a_MC  )_)  for_IO  th*;0**;_&FO  =_&FO  4_MC  *@_NNU  ,_,  8_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  12_MC  *@_NNU  are_VBR  included_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  9_MC  ,_,  13_MC  and_CC  19_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  of_IO  interest_NN  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  flapping_NN  hinge_NN  offset_NN  on_IO  c*;t**;_&FO  is_VBZ  negligible_JJ  ,_,  particularly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  m_ZZ1  .  
  6.3_MC  .  
  division_NN  of_IO  thrust_NN  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  total_JJ  thrust_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pitching_NN  moment_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  defined_JJ  axis_NN  the_AT1  contribution_NN  of_IO  thrust_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  each_DD1  rotor_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  calculated_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  thrust_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  rotor_NN  acted_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  disc_NN  centre_NN  and_CC  normal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  axis_NN  and_CC  also_RR  that_CS  the_AT1  rotor_NN  drag_NN  force_NN  ,_,  parallel_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  longitudinal_JJ  axis_NN  ,_,  acted_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  mean_JJ  height_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  rotors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  pitching_NN  moments_NNS  as_CS  measured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  included_VVD  a_AT1  contribution_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  offset_NN  flapping_NN  hinges_NNS  and_CC  therefore_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  thrust_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  each_DD1  rotor_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  the_AT1  pitching_NN  moments_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  corrected_VBN  for_IO  offset_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  by_IO  Meyer_NP  and_CC  Falabella_NP  an_AT1  expression_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  for_IO  pitching_NN  moment_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  hinge_NN  offset_NN  (_(  M*;y**;_&FO  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  expression_NN  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  values_NNS  of_IO  a*;0**;_&FO  ,_,  b*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  a*;1**;_&FO  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  by_IO  solving_VBG  three_MC  simultaneous_JJ  equations_NNS  ;_;  these_DD2  solutions_NNS  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  equations_NNS  (_(  27_MC  )_)  ,_,  (_(  28_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  29_MC  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  report_NN  .  
  as_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  cyclic_JJ  pitch_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  B*;1**;_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  solutions_NNS  become_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  l_ZZ1  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  expression_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  using_VBG  the_AT1  wind_NN  tunnel_NN  values_NNS  of_IO  c*;t**;_&FO  ,_,  in_IO  equation_NN  (_(  9_MC  )_)  M*;y**;_&FO  has_VHZ  been_VBN  calculated_VBN  for_IO  various_JJ  cases_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  terms_NNS  involving_VBG  a*;0**;_&FO  and_CC  b*;1**;_&FO  were_VBDR  quite_RR  small_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  a*;1**;_&FO  term_NN  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  when_CS considering_VBG  the_AT1  design_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  jet-flapped_JJ  aircraft_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  stability_NN  and_CC  control_NN  aspect_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  fairly_RR  accurate_JJ  information_NN  concerning_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  field_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  jet-flapped_JJ  wing_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  regions_NNS  where_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  practicable_JJ  to_TO  locate_VV0  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  is_VBZ  dependent_JJ  upon_IO  a_AT1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  and_CC  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vorticity_NN  distributions_NNS  which_DDQ  represent_VV0  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  jet_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  treatment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  past_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  jet-flap_NN  ,_,  of_IO  infinite_JJ  span_NN  ,_,  Spence_NP  assumes_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  are_VBR  small_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  the_AT1  usual_JJ  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  thin_JJ  aerofoil_NN  theory_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  are_VBR  replaced_VBN  by_IO  vortex_NN  sheets_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  stream_NN  ,_,  apply_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  so_RR  obtained_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  vorticity_NN  distributions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  are_VBR  used_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  1_MC1  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  any_DD  position_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  vortex_NN  sheet_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS e_ZZ1  =_&FO  downwash_NN  angle_NN  ,_,  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  jet_NN  deflection_NN  angle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_ZZ1  =_&FO  wing_NN  incidence_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  calculation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  induced_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  (_(  P_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  its_APP$  location_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  wing_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  accuracy_NN  consistent_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  assumptions_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  implies_VBZ  calculating_VBG  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  whose_PNQV$  ordinate_NN  relative_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  vortex_NN  sheets_NNS  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  (_(  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  1a_MC  and_CC  1b_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  functions_NNS  de/dt_&FO  and_CC  de/da_&FO  depend_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  momentum_NN  coefficient_NN  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  ;_;  charts_NNS  for_IO  these_DD2  functions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  given_VBN  for_IO  various_JJ  specific_JJ  c*;j**;_&FO  values_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  downwash_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  evaluated_VBN  for_IO  ranges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  position_NN  ,_,  wing_NN  incidence_NN  ,_,  jet_NN  deflection_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  momentum_NN  coefficient_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  unswept_JJ  wing_NN  of_IO  finite_JJ  span_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  full-span_JB  jet-flap_NN  ,_,  considered_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  2_MC  ,_,  Maskell_NP  has_VHZ  introduced_VBN  the_AT1  concept_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  effective_JJ  wing_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  flap_NN  of_IO  infinite_JJ  span_NN  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bound_JJ  vorticity_NN  ,_,  elliptic_JJ  spanwise_JB  loading_NN  being_VBG  assumed_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  solution_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bound_JJ  vorticity_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  similar_JJ  way_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  described_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  account_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trailing_JJ  vortices_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  pressure_NN  gradients_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  spans_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  jet-flap_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  downwash_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  relative_JJ  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  spanwise_JB  loading_NN  has_VHZ  more_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  chordwise_JJ  loading_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  wake_NN  are_VBR  replaced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  lifting_JJ  line_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  trailing_JJ  vortices_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  latter_DA  being_VBG  displaced_VBN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  keep_VV0  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  correct_JJ  height_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rolling-up_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  investigated_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  jet-flap_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  rolling-up_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  important_JJ  for_IO  normal_JJ  tailplane_NN  positions_NNS  behind_IO  wings_NNS  of_IO  large_JJ  aspect_NN  ratio_NN  .  
  the_AT1  distance_NN  e_ZZ1  behind_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  rolling-up_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  complete_JJ  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  for_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  jet-flap_NN  ,_,  where_CS k*?7_ZZ1  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  plan-form_NN  and_CC  spanwise_JB  loading_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  jet-flapped_JJ  wing_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  c*;l**;_&FO  will_VM  be_VB0  greater_JJ  than_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  wing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  k*?7_ZZ1  may_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  a_AT1  function_NN  of_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  will_VM  probably_RR  increase_VV0  with_IO  increasing_JJ  c*;j**;_&FO  (_(  since_CS  the_AT1  bound_JJ  vorticity_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  will_VM  tend_VV0  to_TO  resist_VV0  rolling-up_NN  )_)  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  e/c_&FO  will_VM  not_XX  decrease_VV0  so_RG  quickly_RR  with_IO  increasing_JJ  c*;l**;_&FO  and_CC  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  as_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  from_IO  first_MD  considerations_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  contribution_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  behind_IO  a_AT1  jet-flapped_JJ  wing_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  trailing_JJ  vorticity_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  is_VBZ  carried_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  trailing_JJ  vortices_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  to_TO  arise_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  chordwise_JJ  position_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  with_IO  no_AT1  rolling-up_NN  taking_VBG  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  displacement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  and_CC  trailing_JJ  vortices_NNS  is_VBZ  accounted_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  taking_VBG  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  relative_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  chart_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  trailing_JJ  vorticity_NN  .  
  calculated_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  are_VBR  in_IO  good_JJ  agreement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  experimental_JJ  results_NNS  available_JJ  ,_,  especially_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  experimental_JJ  and_CC  theoretical_JJ  lift_NN  coefficients_NNS  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  into_IO  account_NN  .  
  theoretical_JJ  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  centre-line_NN  are_VBR  also_RR  given_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  of_IO  aspect_NN  ratio_NN  6.0_MC  ,_,  showing_VBG  variation_NN  with_IO  tailplane_NN  position_NN  ,_,  wing_NN  incidence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  jet_NN  parameters_NNS  .  
  part_NN  1_MC1  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  vortex_NN  representation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  jet-flap_NN  of_IO  infinite_JJ  span_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  jet-flap_NN  of_IO  infinite_JJ  span_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  represented_VBN  in_IO  two_MC  dimensions_NNS  by_IO  vorticity_NN  distributed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  chordal_JJ  plane_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  median_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  (_(  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  thin_JJ  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  downwash_NN  relations_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  solved_VBN  by_IO  Spence_NP  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  thin-aerofoil_JB  theory_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  incidence_NN  and_CC  jet_NN  deflection_NN  are_VBR  considered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  small_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  vorticity_NN  distributions_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  Fourier-series_NN  forms_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  coefficients_NNS  as_IO  functions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  momentum_NN  coefficient_NN  c*;j**;_&FO  .  
  let_VV0  U*;0**;f(x)_&FO  be_VB0  the_AT1  vorticity_NN  distribution_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  (_(  at_IO  incidence_NN  a_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  mainstream_NN  )_)  and_CC  g(ch)_&FO  the_AT1  vorticity_NN  distribution_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  (_(  emerging_VBG  at_IO  deflection_NN  t_ZZ1  to_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chord-line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  )_)  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  .  
  the_AT1  x_ZZ1  axis_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  parallel_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  stream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  z_ZZ1  axis_NN  vertically_RR  downwards_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  origin_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  is_VBZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  unity_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  x_ZZ1  and_CC  z_ZZ1  are_VBR  non-dimensional_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  vortex_NN  representation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flow_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  assumptions_NNS  of_IO  thin_JJ  aerofoil_NN  theory_NN  is_VBZ  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1b_MC  ,_,  with_IO  U*;0**;f(x)_&FO  located_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  x_ZZ1  axis_NN  ,_,  between_IO  0_MC  and_CC  1_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  g(ch)_&FO  also_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  x_ZZ1  axis_NN  ,_,  between_IO  1_MC1  and_CC  *?25_&FO  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  expressions_NNS  for_IO  f(x)_&FO  ,_,  g(ch)_&FO  and_CC  z*;J**;(x)_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  jet_NN  displacement_NN  ,_,  as_CS  obtained_VBN  from_IO  \0Ref_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  are_VBR  :_:  
  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  2_MC  .  
  the_AT1  downwash_NN  .  
  the_AT1  downwash_NN  induced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  vortex_NN  distributions_NNS  U*;0**;f(x)_&FO  and_CC  g(ch)_&FO  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  (_(  X_ZZ1  ,_,  Z_ZZ1  )_)  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  to_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  order_NN  in_IO  a_ZZ1  and_CC  t_ZZ1  (_(  see_VV0  \0fig_NN  1b_MC  )_)  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  apply_VV0  the_AT1  results_NNS  calculated_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  simplified_JJ  configuration_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1b_MC  )_)  to_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  configuration_NN  (_(  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  jet_NN  is_VBZ  displaced_VBN  a_AT1  distance_NN  z*;J**;(X)_&FO  below_IO  the_AT1  x_ZZ1  axis_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  assumed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  downwash_NN  w(X,z)_&FO  calculated_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  P*?7(X,z)_&FO  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1b_MC  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  P(X,z+z*;J**;)_&FO  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  .  
  a_AT1  similar_JJ  procedure_NN  is_VBZ  followed_VBN  in_IO  \0Ref_NN  3_MC  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  displacement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  finite_JJ  wing_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  located_VBN  a_AT1  distance_NN  H_ZZ1  above_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  ,_,  as_CS  indicated_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  to_TO  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  (X,z*;J**;-H)_(  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  (_(  X_ZZ1  ,_,  -_MC  H_ZZ1  )_)  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1b_MC  .  
  the_AT1  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  given_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  along_IO  and_CC  height_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chordline_NN  .  
  if_CS  l_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aerodynamic_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  leading_JJ  edge_NN  ,_,  measured_VBN  along_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  wing_NN  chord-line_NN  ,_,  and_CC  h_ZZ1  the_AT1  height_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  chord-line_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  chord_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  length_NN  c_ZZ1  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  1a_MC  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  non-dimensional_JJ  co-ordinates_NNS  (_(  X_ZZ1  ,_,  Z_ZZ1  )_)  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  downwash_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  evaluated_VBN  are_VBR  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS z*;J**;_&FO  may_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  from_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  (_(  or_CC  equation_NN  (_(  4_MC  )_)  )_)  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  numerical_JJ  evaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  integrals_NNS  in_IO  equation_NN  (_(  6_MC  )_)  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  change_VV0  the_AT1  variables_NNS  of_IO  integration_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  integral_NN  using_VBG  equation_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  infinite_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  f(x)_&FO  at_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  and_CC  trailing_JJ  edges_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  integral_NN  using_VBG  equation_NN  (_(  3_MC  )_)  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  integration_NN  finite_JJ  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  write_VV0  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  remain_VV0  finite_JJ  as_CS  x_ZZ1  and_CC  th_ZZ1  tend_VV0  to_IO  zero_MC  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  equation_NN  (_(  10_MC  )_)  may_VM  be_VB0  rewritten_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  where_CS de/dt_&FO  and_CC  de/da_&FO  are_VBR  functions_NNS  of_IO  C*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  X_ZZ1  and_CC  Z_ZZ1  .  
  these_DD2  have_VH0  been_VBN  evaluated_VBN  for_IO  C*;j**;_&FO  =_&FO  0.5_MC  ,_,  1.0_MC  ,_,  2.0_MC  and_CC  4.0_MC  ,_,  with_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  results_NNS  being_VBG  shown_VBN  as_IO  charts_NNS  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  4a_MC  to_IO  4d_MC  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  procedure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  evaluation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  tailplane_NN  position_NN  ,_,  h/c_&FO  and_CC  l/c_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  given_VBN  a_ZZ1  ,_,  c*;j**;_&FO  and_CC  t_ZZ1  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  calculate_VV0  the_AT1  functions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  order_NN  :_:  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  X_ZZ1  from_IO  equation_NN  (_(  8a_MC  )_)  (_(  2_MC  )_)  z*;J**;_&FO  from_IO  \0fig_NN  3_MC  (_(  3_MC  )_)  Z_ZZ1  from_IO  equation_NN  (_(  8b_MC  )_)  (_(  4_MC  )_)  de/dt_&FO  ,_,  de/da_&FO  from_IO  \0figs_NNS  4a_MC  to_IO  4d_MC  (_(  5_MC  )_)  e_ZZ1  from_IO  equation_NN  (_(  11_MC  )_)  .  
  interpolation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  for_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  values_NNS  other_DA  than_IO  0.5_MC  ,_,  1.0_MC  ,_,  2.0_MC  and_CC  4.0_MC  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  better_JJ  to_TO  evaluate_VV0  e_ZZ1  for_IO  a_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  interpolate_VV0  the_AT1  final_JJ  result_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  to_TO  interpolate_VV0  for_IO  z*;J**;_&FO  ,_,  de/dt_&FO  and_CC  de/da_&FO  separately_RR  .  
  for_IO  large_JJ  X_ZZ1  ,_,  the_AT1  downwash_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  by_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  ,_,  (_(  see_VV0  \0Ref_NN  1_MC1  )_)  so_CS  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  for_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  far_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  obtained_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  aerofoil_NN  is_VBZ  without_IO  a_AT1  jet-flap_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  results_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  behind_IO  an_AT1  infinite_JJ  wing_NN  and_CC  jet-flap_NN  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  7_MC  to_IO  11_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  theory_NN  is_VBZ  only_RR  strictly_RR  valid_JJ  for_IO  small_JJ  a_ZZ1  and_CC  t_ZZ1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  downwash_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  larger_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  a_ZZ1  and_CC  t_ZZ1  must_VM  wait_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  justified_VBN  or_CC  otherwise_RR  until_CS  experimental_JJ  data_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  results_NNS  should_VM  indicate_VV0  the_AT1  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  downwash_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  parameters_NNS  .  
  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  7_MC  and_CC  8_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  with_IO  tailplane_NN  position_NN  is_VBZ  shown_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  values_NNS  of_IO  jet_NN  deflection_NN  angle_NN  ,_,  t_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  values_NNS  of_IO  wing_NN  incidence_NN  ,_,  a_ZZ1  ,_,  for_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  =_&FO  2.0_MC  .  
  \0fig_NN  7_MC  shows_NNS  that_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chord-line_NN  ,_,  h/c_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  downwash_NN  decreases_VBZ  quite_RR  sharply_RR  with_IO  increasing_JJ  distance_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  ,_,  l/c_&FO  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS h_ZZ1  =_&FO  2c_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  downwash_NN  is_VBZ  practically_RR  constant_JJ  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  for_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  replotted_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8_MC  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  downwash_NN  field_NN  (_(  \0i.e_RR  ,_,  contours_NNS  of_IO  equal_JJ  downwash_NN  )_)  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  region_NN  .  
  a_AT1  comparison_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  t_ZZ1  and_CC  a_ZZ1  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  downwash_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  tailplane_NN  position_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  t_ZZ1  and_CC  a_ZZ1  values_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  results_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  e_ZZ1  with_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  t_ZZ1  and_CC  a_ZZ1  are_VBR  given_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  9_MC  and_CC  10_MC  for_IO  a_AT1  representative_JJ  tailplane_NN  position_NN  ,_,  l/c_&FO  =_&FO  3.5_MC  ,_,  h/c_&FO  =_&FO  1.5_MC  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chord-line_NN  ,_,  l/c_&FO  =_&FO  3.5_MC  ,_,  h/c_&FO  =_&FO  0_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  9a_MC  that_CS  e_ZZ1  does_VBZ  not_XX  increase_VV0  linearly_RR  with_IO  t_ZZ1  for_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  c*;j**;_&FO  value_NN  (_(  as_CS  might_VM  be_VB0  implied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  glance_NN  at_IO  equation_NN  (_(  11_MC  )_)  )_)  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  correction_NN  made_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  downwash_NN  field_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  displacement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jet_NN  relative_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  position_NN  .  
  \0fig_NN  9b_MC  indicates_VBZ  that_CS  de/dC*;J**;_&FO  decreases_VBZ  with_IO  increasing_JJ  c*;j**;_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  downwash_NN  with_IO  wing_NN  incidence_NN  is_VBZ  more_RG  important_JJ  for_IO  stability_NN  and_CC  control_NN  considerations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  10a_MC  to_IO  10d_MC  for_IO  t_ZZ1  =_&FO  30_MC  and_CC  60_MC  \0deg_NNU  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  various_JJ  c*;j**;_&FO  values_NNS  .  
  ranges_NNS  of_IO  values_NNS  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  are_VBR  also_RR  indicated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  diagrams_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  seen_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  for_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  different_JJ  t_ZZ1  values_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  range_NN  of_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  for_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  h/c_&FO  .  
  since_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  increases_VBZ  with_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  to_TO  assess_VV0  a_AT1  maximum_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  =_&FO  4.0_MC  ,_,  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  well_RR  below_IO  1.0_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  tailplane_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chord-line_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  0.20_MC  and_CC  0.35_MC  respectively_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  appears_VBZ  that_CS  de/da_&FO  increases_VBZ  as_CS  a_ZZ1  increases_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  only_RR  noticeable_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  higher_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  c*;j**;_&FO  =_&FO  4.0_MC  ,_,  a_ZZ1  =_&FO  20_MC  \0deg_NNU  ,_,  de/da_&FO  is_VBZ  still_RR  less_DA  than_IO  0.4_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  extended_JJ  chord-line_NN  position_NN  .  
  effect_NN  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  hot_JJ  knock-out_NN  .  
  the_AT1  obstruction_NN  offered_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mould_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  shield_VV0  the_AT1  depressed_JJ  velocity_NN  zone_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  mould_NN  from_IO  disturbance_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  horizontal_JJ  motion_NN  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  can_VM  enhance_VV0  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  diffusion_NN  of_IO  rising_JJ  thermal_JJ  currents_NNS  and_CC  blow_VV0  them_PPHO1  sideways_RR  into_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  streams_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  nearer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  are_VBR  higher_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  improved_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  only_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  currents_NNS  are_VBR  blown_VBN  into_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  streams_NNS  moving_VBG  at_IO  higher_JJ  velocities_NNS  than_IO  the_AT1  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  resultant_JJ  direction_NN  of_IO  all_DB  dust-bearing_JJ  air_NN  streams_NNS  is_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  grid_NN  is_VBZ  unduly_RR  blocked_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  down-wind_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  thermal_JJ  currents_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  blown_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  zone_NN  of_IO  reduced_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dust-bearing_JJ  air_NN  streams_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  impaired_VBN  ,_,  particularly_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  speed_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  is_VBZ  high_JJ  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  movement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  correctly_RR  designed_VBN  and_CC  operated_VBN  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  knock-out_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  moulds_NNS  is_VBZ  not_XX  unduly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  usually_RR  present_JJ  in_IO  foundries_NNS  .  
  obviously_RR  ,_,  high_JJ  velocity_NN  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  may_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  knock-out_NN  is_VBZ  situated_VBN  near_IO  large_JJ  open_JJ  doors_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  seriously_RR  impair_VV0  their_APP$  performance_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  variable_JJ  and_CC  unreliable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  assistance_NN  they_PPHS2  may_VM  provide_VV0  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  considered_VBN  when_CS designing_VBG  a_AT1  system_NN  .  
  effect_NN  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  cold_JJ  knock-out_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  is_VBZ  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  windward_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  and_CC  to_TO  reduce_VV0  those_DD2  on_IO  the_AT1  down-wind_JB  side_NN  .  
  since_CS  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  diminish_VV0  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  down-wind_JB  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  blow_VV0  the_AT1  dust_NN  and_CC  fumes_NNS  into_IO  this_DD1  zone_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  amount_NN  that_PNQS will_VM  counteract_VV0  the_AT1  fall_NN  in_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  distinction_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  of_IO  normal_JJ  velocity_NN  on_IO  thermal_JJ  currents_NNS  and_CC  cold_JJ  air_NN  streams_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  former_DA  are_VBR  deflected_VBN  into_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  streams_NNS  of_IO  unchanged_JJ  or_CC  even_RR  higher_JJ  velocities_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  latter_DA  are_VBR  blown_VBN  into_IO  weaker_JJ  air_NN  streams_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  therefore_RR  additional_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  .  
  relationship_NN  of_IO  grid_NN  size_NN  ,_,  box_NN  height_NN  and_CC  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  .  
  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  results_NNS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  6.9_MC  and_CC  10_MC  shows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  increase_VV0  in_IO  direct_JJ  proportion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  increase_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proportional_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  air_NN  volume_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  never_RR  greater_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  increase_NN  in_IO  grid_NN  area_NN  .  
  when_CS considering_VBG  these_DD2  results_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_CS  engineering_NN  methods_NNS  of_IO  air_NN  flow_NN  measurement_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  precise_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  errors_NNS  of_IO  10_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  and_CC  even_RR  more_DA  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  ,_,  may_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  by_IO  considering_VBG  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  test_NN  results_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  two_MC  marked_JJ  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  6-\0ft_NNU  x_IO  4-\0ft_NNU  grid_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  4-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  x_IO  3-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  grid_NN  .  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  increase_NN  in_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  6-\0ft_NNU  x_IO  4-\0ft_NNU  grid_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  8-\0in_NNU  deep_JJ  hot_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  moulds_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  16-\0in_NNU  deep_JJ  cold_JJ  moulds_NNS  tested_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  appreciable_JJ  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  exceeded_VVD  the_AT1  volumes_NNS  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  4-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  x_IO  3-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  grid_NN  by_IO  between_IO  25_MC  and_CC  40_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  constant_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  .  
  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  6-\0ft_NNU  x_IO  4-\0ft_NNU  grid_NN  ,_,  with_IO  16-\0in_NNU  deep_JJ  hot_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  moulds_NNS  tested_VBN  in_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  of_IO  75-100_MC-MC  \0f.p.m_NNU  was_VBDZ  approximately_RR  equal_JJ  to_IO  (_(  and_CC  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  even_RR  less_DA  than_IO  )_)  the_AT1  volumes_NNS  required_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  4-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  x_IO  3-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  grid_NN  .  
  insufficient_JJ  experimental_JJ  data_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  similarity_NN  of_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volumes_NNS  measured_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  grids_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  16-\0in_NNU  deep_JJ  boxes_NNS  in_IO  75-100_MC-MC  \0f.p.m_NNU  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  many_DA  variable_JJ  factors_NNS  present_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  tests_NNS  produced_VVD  complex_JJ  air_NN  flow_NN  conditions_NNS  which_DDQ  do_VD0  not_XX  facilitate_VV0  comparison_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  resultant_JJ  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  two_MC  factors_NNS  emerges_VBZ  as_IO  a_AT1  predominant_JJ  influence_NN  :_:  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  cross_JJ  draughts_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  sideways_JB  entrainment_NN  of_IO  dust-bearing_JJ  air_NN  currents_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  depressed_JJ  velocity_NN  zone_NN  into_IO  relatively_RR  higher_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  near_II  to_IO  the_AT1  down-wind_JB  top_JB  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moulding_NN  box_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  area_NN  and_CC  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  grid_NN  velocity_NN  diminishes_VBZ  with_IO  increasing_JJ  distance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  are_VBR  almost_RR  identical_JJ  ,_,  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  ,_,  as_CS  explained_VBN  earlier_RRR  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  variations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  factors_NNS  controlling_VBG  the_AT1  distance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  air_NN  velocities_NNS  become_VV0  constant_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  large_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  distance_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  calculated_VBN  afresh_RR  for_IO  each_DD1  individual_JJ  case_NN  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  variation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vertical_JJ  gaps_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  grids_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  horizontal_JJ  unblocked_JJ  grid_NN  area_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  grid_NN  blockage_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  the_AT1  zone_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  is_VBZ  divided_VBN  into_IO  separate_JJ  regions_NNS  so_RG  far_RR  apart_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  streams_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  only_RR  lose_VV0  their_APP$  identity_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  height_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moulding_NN  box_NN  .  
  the_AT1  important_JJ  conclusion_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  effectiveness_NN  of_IO  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS  of_IO  knock-out_NN  ventilation_NN  will_VM  not_XX  necessarily_RR  be_VB0  improved_VBN  by_IO  changes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  and_CC  design_NN  of_IO  knock-out_NN  grids_NNS    regardless_RR  of_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volume_NN    if_CS  the_AT1  depth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  great_JJ  .  
  field_NN  observations_NNS  indicate_VV0  that_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  conditions_NNS  described_VBN  above_II  ,_,  11-\0in_NNU  or_CC  12-\0in_NNU  is_VBZ  about_RR  the_AT1  maximum_JJ  permissible_JJ  depth_NN  when_CS knocking_VBG  out_RP  hot_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  blockage_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  and_CC  sand_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  less_DA  than_IO  50_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  area_NN  .  
  selection_NN  and_CC  performance_NN  of_IO  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS  .  
  importance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN    
  the_AT1  ease_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  of_IO  ventilation_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  knock-out_NN  without_IO  interfering_VBG  with_IO  other_DA  foundry_NN  operations_NNS  frequently_RR  commends_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  planning_NN  engineer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  practical_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  ventilating_JJ  equipment_NN  above_IO  floor_NN  level_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  all_DB  four_MC  sides_NNS  of_IO  grids_NNS  are_VBR  available_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  accommodation_NN  of_IO  foundry_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  movement_NN  of_IO  operators_NNS  ,_,  boxes_NNS  and_CC  castings_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  limitations_NNS  are_VBR  imposed_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  travel_NN  of_IO  cranes_NNS  and_CC  hoists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  comfort_NN  of_IO  knock-out_NN  operators_NNS  is_VBZ  greatly_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  radiant_JJ  heat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  quantity_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  energy_NN  radiated_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  surface_NN  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  its_APP$  area_NN  ,_,  temperature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  radiation_NN  coefficient_NN  .  
  since_CS  no_AT1  hood_NN  and_CC  baffles_NNS  are_VBR  fitted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  net_JB  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hot_JJ  grid_NN  bars_NNS  is_VBZ  small_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  radiated_VBN  to_IO  operators_NNS  is_VBZ  effectively_RR  limited_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  hot_JJ  casting_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  mould_NN  .  
  consequently_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  can_VM  give_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  control_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  less_DA  discomfort_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  operators_NNS  when_CS dealing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  very_RG  hot_JJ  castings_NNS  .  
  limitations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS    
  down-draught_JB  systems_NNS  can_VM  ,_,  as_CS  indicated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  experiments_NNS  illustrated_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  6.10_MC  and_CC  10a_MC  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  by_IO  test_NN  1_MC1  in_IO  table_NN  2.2_MC  ,_,  provide_VV0  effective_JJ  protection_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  and_CC  fumes_NNS  produced_VBN  by_IO  relatively_RR  small_JJ  castings_NNS  in_IO  fairly_RR  shallow_JJ  boxes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  system_NN  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  finds_VBZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  application_NN  in_IO  highly_RR  mechanized_VBN  foundries_NNS  producing_VBG  large_JJ  quantities_NNS  of_IO  light_JJ  repetition_NN  castings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  has_VHZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  certain_JJ  limitations_NNS  and_CC  various_JJ  factors_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  considered_VBN  before_IO  installing_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  system_NN  .  
  depth_NN  of_IO  boxes_NNS    
  thermal_JJ  currents_NNS  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  reversed_VBN  with_IO  economical_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boxes_NNS  exceeds_VBZ  12-\0in_NNU  ,_,  unless_CS  special_JJ  provision_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  .  
  boxes_NNS  must_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  knocked_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  grid_NN  level_NN  and_CC  never_RR  turned_VBN  over_RP  on_IO  rails_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  .  
  size_NN  of_IO  grid_NN    
  the_AT1  larger_JJ  the_AT1  grid_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  boxes_NNS  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  knocked_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  ,_,  consequently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  greater_JJ  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  and_CC  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boxes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  grids_NNS  for_IO  hot_JJ  moulds_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  4-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  x_IO  3-\0ft_NNU  6-\0in_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  6-\0ft_NNU  x_IO  4-\0ft_NNU  in_IO  special_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  shape_NN  of_IO  grid_NN    
  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  length_NN  to_IO  width_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  similar_JJ  for_IO  both_DB2  boxes_NNS  and_CC  grid_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  exhaust_NN  air_NN  streams_NNS  are_VBR  concentrated_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  .  
  height_NN  of_IO  grid_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN    
  the_AT1  floor_NN  restricts_VBZ  the_AT1  direction_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  replacement_NN  air_NN  can_VM  approach_VV0  a_AT1  grid_NN  and_CC  acts_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  baffle_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  exhaust_NN  air_NN  velocities_NNS  are_VBR  highest_JJT  when_CS the_AT1  grid_NN  is_VBZ  mounted_VBN  level_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  raised_JJ  grids_NNS  should_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  18-\0in_NNU  in_IO  height_NN  .  
  grid_NN  design_NN    
  green_JJ  sand_NN  clogs_VBZ  between_IO  the_AT1  bars_NNS  of_IO  fixed_JJ  grids_NNS  and_CC  restricts_VBZ  the_AT1  flow_NN  of_IO  exhaust_NN  air_NN  .  
  a_AT1  knock-out_NN  point_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  ventilated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  unless_CS  sand_NN  is_VBZ  shaken_VBN  through_IO  a_AT1  vibrating_JJ  grid_NN  at_IO  about_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  rate_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  spilt_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  .  
  blockage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN    
  the_AT1  blocked_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  grid_NN  should_VM  not_XX  greatly_RR  exceed_VV0  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  vibrating_JJ  grid_NN  is_VBZ  efficient_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  and_CC  spilt_JJ  sand_NN  together_RR  should_VM  not_XX  exceed_VV0  50_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volumes_NNS  given_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  6.9_MC  ,_,  10_MC  and_CC  10a_MC  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  design_NN  basis_NN  .  
  experiments_NNS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  blockage_NN  is_VBZ  increased_VBN  from_IO  50_MC  to_IO  75_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  the_AT1  minimum_JJ  exhaust_NN  air_NN  volumes_NNS  required_VBN  to_TO  control_VV0  dust_NN  and_CC  fumes_NNS  are_VBR  increased_VBN  by_IO  amounts_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  50_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  more_DA  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  .  
  air_NN  seals_NNS    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  for_IO  knock-out_NN  units_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  provided_VBN  with_IO  effective_JJ  air_NN  seals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  seals_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  transfer_NN  point_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  and_CC  belt_NN  must_VM  remain_VV0  effective_JJ  regardless_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  sand_NN  spills_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  .  
  extraction_NN  of_IO  sand_NN  and_CC  fines_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  ,_,  air_NN  is_VBZ  exhausted_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  falling_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  .  
  should_VM  this_DD1  sand_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  proportion_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  be_VB0  completely_RR  dry_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fines_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  exhausted_VBN  .  
  with_IO  very_RG  high_JJ  velocities_NNS  the_AT1  fines_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  fairly_RR  coarse_JJ  grains_NNS  .  
  in_IO  consequence_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  composition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  radically_RR  changed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  material_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  collected_VBN  will_VM  be_VB0  large_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  may_VM  be_VB0  abrasion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ducting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  extraction_NN  of_IO  sand_NN  and_CC  fines_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  by_IO  consideration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  following_JJ  factors_NNS  in_IO  design_NN  .  
  usually_RR  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  all_DB  three_MC  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  :_:  
  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  frequency_NN  of_IO  knocking-out_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  ,_,  rate_NN  of_IO  sand_NN  removal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  location_NN  of_IO  air_NN  ducts_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  determined_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  sand_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  can_VM  never_RR  rise_VV0  unduly_RR  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  inlets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  external_JJ  angle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  base_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  less_DA  than_IO  60_MC  *@_NNU  .  
  (_(  2_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  velocity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  falling_JJ  sand_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  by_IO  enlarged_JJ  inlets_NNS  .  
  (_(  3_MC  )_)  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  ducts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  located_VBN  and_CC  arranged_VBN  so_CS  that_CS  sand_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  fall_VV0  directly_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  inlet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  openings_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  protected_VBN  by_IO  shields_NNS  .  
  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sand-to-metal_JB  ratio_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  between_IO  pouring_NN  and_CC  knock-out_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  that_CS  only_RR  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mould_NN  is_VBZ  completely_RR  dry_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  knock-out_NN  is_VBZ  reached_VBN  (_(  see_VV0  chapter_NN  3_MC  )_)  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  condition_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  fulfilled_VBN  a_AT1  down-draught_JB  system_NN  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  sludging_VBG  of_IO  sand_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  ducts_NNS  .  
  steam_NN  is_VBZ  released_VBN  from_IO  hot_JJ  moist_JJ  sand_NN  moulds_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  disintegrate_VV0  and_CC  fall_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  grid_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  hopper_NN  .  
  should_VM  this_DD1  steam_NN  exceed_VV0  the_AT1  amount_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  retained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  air_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  condense_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  ducts_NNS  .  
  sand_NN  and_CC  dust_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  stream_NN  will_VM  deposit_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  moist_JJ  surfaces_NNS  or_CC  on_IO  any_DD  water_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  duct_NN  ,_,  forming_VBG  a_AT1  sludge_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  eventually_RR  choke_VV0  the_AT1  duct_NN  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  extent_NN  that_CS  efficient_JJ  ventilation_NN  becomes_VBZ  impossible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  water_NN  that_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  retained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  volume_NN  and_CC  temperature_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  saturation_NN  level_NN  is_VBZ  exceeded_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  moisture_NN  condenses_VBZ  to_TO  form_VV0  droplets_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  sufficiently_RR  small_JJ  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  suspension_NN  as_IO  visible_JJ    steam_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  are_VBR  readily_RR  deposited_VBN  on_IO  objects_NNS  with_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  into_IO  contact_NN  .  
  the_AT1  assumption_NN  takes_VBZ  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  neither_LE  the_AT1  deflection_NN  nor_CC  the_AT1  slope_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  is_VBZ  zero_MC  .  
  the_AT1  potential_JJ  energy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  is_VBZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS b_ZZ1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  stiffness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  supports_NNS  and_CC  K_ZZ1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constant_NN  which_DDQ  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  the_AT1  datum_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  potential_JJ  energy_NN  .  
  substituting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  D's_NNS  by_IO  making_VBG  use_NN  of_IO  equation_NN  (_(  7.51_MC  )_)  then_RL  yields_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  potential_JJ  energy_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  stationary_JJ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  whence_CS :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  being_VBG  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  x_ZZ1  =_&FO  0_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  .  
  had_VHD  an_AT1  exact_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  been_VBN  carried-out_VBN  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  seven_MC  simultaneous_JJ  equations_NNS  to_TO  solve_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  seven_MC  unknown_JJ  deflections_NNS  D*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  D*;2**;_&FO  ,_,  .  ,_,  D*;7**;_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  accuracy_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  adopting_VBG  an_AT1  approximate_JJ  procedure_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  insignificant_JJ  for_IO  purposes_NNS  of_IO  engineering_NN  practice_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  a_DA  few_DA  per_NNU  cent_NNU  .  
  thus_RR  the_AT1  correct_JJ  value_NN  of_IO  D*;1**;_&FO  is_VBZ  5.4_MC  \0in_NNU  .  
  the_AT1  considerable_JJ  saving_NN  in_IO  labour_NN  achieved_VBN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  much_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  loss_NN  of_IO  accuracy_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  in_IO  some_DD  instances_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  without_IO  recourse_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  approximate_JJ  solution_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  energy_NN  method_NN  ,_,  solution_NN  by_IO  manual_JJ  activity_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  laborious_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  practicable_JJ  .  
  chapter_NN  8_MC  .  
  some_DD  uses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  .  
  8_MC  :_:  1_MC1  .  
  introduction_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  statements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  which_DDQ  defines_VBZ  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  property_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  systems_NNS  ,_,  specifies_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  i_ZZ1  of_IO  an_AT1  elastic_JJ  structure_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  direction_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  unit_NN  force_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  direction_NN  at_IO  another_DD1  point_NN  j_ZZ1  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  j_ZZ1  when_CS unit_NN  force_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  at_IO  i_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  j_ZZ1  is_VBZ  measured_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  action_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unit_NN  force_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  unit_NN  force_NN  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  at_IO  i_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  deflection_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  presence_NN  at_IO  j_ZZ1  was_VBDZ  measured_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  manifest_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  flexibility_NN  coefficients_NNS  of_IO  linear_JJ  structures_NNS  are_VBR  calculated_VBN  ,_,  since_CS  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  found_VBN  that_CS  a*;ij**;_&FO  =_&FO  a*;ji**;_&FO  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  chapter_NN  2_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  manifest_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  stiffness_NN  coefficients_NNS  are_VBR  calculated_VBN  .  
  further_JB  proof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  necessary_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  simple_JJ  statement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theorem_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  lines_NNS  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  by_IO  \0J_NP  Clerk_NP  Maxwell_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  well-known_JJ  paper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  frameworks_NNS  (_(  1864_MC  )_)  but_CCB  Clebsch_NP  had_VHD  actually_RR  noted_VBN  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  property_NN  of_IO  stiffness_NN  coefficients_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  published_VBN  some_DD  two_MC  years_NNS  earlier_RRR  .  
  later_RRR  Betti_NP  (_(  1872_MC  )_)  and_CC  Rayleigh_NP  (_(  1873_MC  )_)  made_VVD  important_JJ  general_JJ  contributions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  theorem_NN  independently_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  led_VVD  to_IO  its_APP$  coming_VBG  to_TO  occupy_VV0  an_AT1  important_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  physics_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  systems_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  structural_JJ  analysis_NN  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  provides_VBZ  useful_JJ  devices_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  construction_NN  of_IO  influence_NN  lines_NNS  for_IO  deflections_NNS  and_CC  forces_NNS  in_IO  frameworks_NNS  whose_PNQV$  elasticity_NN  is_VBZ  linear_JJ  .  
  8_MC  :_:  2_MC  .  
  influence_VV0  lines_NNS  for_IO  deflection_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  illustrating_VBG  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  a_AT1  simply_RR  supported_VBN  beam_NN  with_IO  linear_JJ  elasticity_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  any_DD  point_NN  P_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.1_MC  is_VBZ  required_VBN  (_(  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  curve_NN  whose_PNQV$  ordinates_NNS  represent_VV0  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  P_ZZ1  as_CS  a_AT1  concentrated_JJ  unit_NN  load_NN  traverses_VBZ  the_AT1  beam_NN  )_)  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  merely_RR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  deflected_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  at_IO  P_ZZ1  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  deflection_NN  at_IO  any_DD  other_DA  point_NN  Q_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  at_IO  P_ZZ1  is_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS a*;QP**;_&FO  is_VBZ  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  flexibility_NN  coefficient_NN  .  
  since_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  equal_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  P_ZZ1  due_JJ  to_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  at_IO  Q_ZZ1  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  it_PPH1  follows_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  deformed_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  caused_VBN  by_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  at_IO  P_ZZ1  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  variation_NN  of_IO  a*;QP**;_&FO  =_&FO  a*;PQ**;_&FO  over_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  beam_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  P_ZZ1  .  
  by_IO  similar_JJ  reasoning_NN  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  any_DD  point_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  elastic_JJ  linear_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  given_JJ  direction_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  represented_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  deformed_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  structure_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  applied_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  specified_JJ  direction_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  question_NN  .  
  a_AT1  convenient_JJ  means_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  this_DD1  principle_NN  to_IO  practical_JJ  advantage_NN  is_VBZ  afforded_VBN  by_IO  scale_NN  models_NNS  .  
  such_DA  models_NNS  need_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  to_IO  scale_NN  in_IO  every_AT1  detail_NN  ;_;  for_IO  plane_JJ  frameworks_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  merely_RR  necessary_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  of_IO  material_NN  which_DDQ  obeys_VBZ  Hooke's_PPIO2  law_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  elasticity_NN  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  chosen_JJ  layout_NN  scale_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  for_IO  portal_NN  frameworks_NNS  whose_PNQV$  members_NNS  deform_VV0  primarily_RR  in_IO  bending_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  moments_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  framework_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  required_JJ  influence_NN  line_NN  to_IO  scale_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  applying_VBG  a_AT1  force_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  question_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  specified_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scale_NN  factor_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  ordinates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  so_RR  obtained_VBN  can_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  either_LE  by_IO  scaling_VBG  the_AT1  force_NN  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  or_CC  by_IO  calculating_VBG  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  framework_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  question_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  unit_NN  load_NN  applied_VBN  there_RL  .  
  8_MC  :_:  3_MC  .  
  influence_VV0  lines_NNS  for_IO  forces_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  .  
  a_AT1  cantilever_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  rigid_JJ  prop_NN  at_IO  its_APP$    free_JJ    end_NN  ,_,  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  statically-indeterminate_JB  systems_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  suitable_JJ  for_IO  demonstrating_VBG  this_DD1  use_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  theorem_NN  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  exerted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  prop_NN  ,_,  suppose_VV0  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  that_CS  unit_NN  concentrated_JJ  load_NN  acts_VBZ  at_IO  any_DD  point_NN  Q_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  span_NN  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.2_MC  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  prop_NN  is_VBZ  absent_JJ  the_AT1  deflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cantilever_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  load_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  force_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  prop_NN  must_VM  exert_VV0  in_IO  restoring_VBG  zero_MC  deflection_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS the_AT1  flexibility_NN  coefficients_NNS  a*;PQ**;_&FO  and_CC  a*;PP**;_&FO  refer_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cantilever_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  by_IO  equations_NNS  (_(  8.3_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  8.4_MC  )_)  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  ratio_NN  a*;pq**;/a*;pp**;_&FO  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  by_IO  considering_VBG  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  small_JJ  displacement_NN  D*?7*;p**;_&FO  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unloaded_JJ  cantilever_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  force_NN  r*?7*;p**;_&FO  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.2_MC  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  ,_,  since_CS  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  while_CS  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  deflection_NN  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  point_NN  Q_ZZ1  is_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  by_IO  equation_NN  (_(  8.5_MC  )_)  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  result_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  deflection_NN  curve_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cantilever_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  an_AT1  arbitrary_JJ  small_JJ  displacement_NN  of_IO  P_ZZ1  represents_VBZ  to_IO  scale_NN  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  prop_NN  at_IO  P_ZZ1  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  Mu"ller-Breslau's_PPIO2  principle_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  or_CC  upon_IO  a_AT1  support_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  linear_JJ  statically-indeterminate_JB  framework_NN  is_VBZ  represented_VBN  to_IO  scale_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  framework_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  displacement_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  member_NN  or_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  support_NN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  principle_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bending_NN  moment_NN  at_IO  any_DD  point_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  small_JJ  displacement_NN  introduced_VBN  there_RL  must_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  the_AT1  angular_JJ  kind_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  shown_VBN  by_IO  virtual_JJ  work_NN  that_CS  Mu"ller-Breslau's_PPIO2  principle_NN  also_RR  applies_VBZ  to_IO  statically-determinate_JB  systems_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  not_XX  subject_JJ  to_IO  gross_JJ  distortion_NN  under_IO  load_NN  .  
  Mu"ller-Breslau's_PPIO2  principle_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  very_RG  little_DA  practical_JJ  value_NN  without_IO  scale_NN  model_NN  techniques_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  procedure_NN  prescribed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  principle_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  applied_VBN  physically_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  scale_NN  model_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  obtaining_VBG  influence_NN  lines_NNS  to_IO  scale_NN  and_CC  affords_VBZ  an_AT1  effective_JJ  method_NN  of_IO    model_NN  analysis_NN    of_IO  frameworks_NNS  .  
  such_DA  models_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  material_NN  with_IO  linear_JJ  elasticity_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  definite_JJ  length_NN  scale_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  a_AT1  model_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  propped_JJ  cantilever_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  s_ZZ1  times_NNS  smaller_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  displacement_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  at_IO  P_ZZ1  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  displacement_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  at_IO  P_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  system_NN  .  
  similarly_RR  ,_,  any_DD  other_DA  point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  Q_ZZ1  suffers_VBZ  a_AT1  displacement_NN  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  multiplied_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  factor_NN  s_ZZ1  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  displacement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  Q_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  cantilever_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  displacement_NN  of_IO  P_ZZ1  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  also_RR  the_AT1  deformed_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_JB  represents_VBZ  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  prop_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  system_NN  to_IO  scale_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  with_IO  reference_NN  to_IO  equations_NNS  (_(  8.8_MC  )_)  and_CC  (_(  8.9_MC  )_)  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  the_AT1  scale_NN  factor_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  appear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  result_NN  obtained_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  influence_NN  lines_NNS  for_IO  forces_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  model_NN  displacements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  linear_JJ  kind_NN  are_VBR  identical_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  corresponding_JJ  displacements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  relatively_RR  easy_JJ  to_TO  construct_VV0  suitable_JJ  models_NNS  of_IO  frameworks_NNS  whose_PNQV$  members_NNS  deform_VV0  primarily_RR  in_IO  bending_VBG  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  portals_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  merely_RR  necessary_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  moments_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  members_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  correct_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  actual_JJ  scale_NN  factor_NN  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  second_MD  moment_NN  of_IO  area_NN  is_VBZ  immaterial_JJ  and_CC  so_RR  models_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  from_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  sheet_NN  celluloid_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  obeys_VBZ  Hooke's_PPIO2  law_NN  .  
  Beggs_NP  pioneered_VVD  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  model_NN  .  
  8_MC  :_:  4_MC  .  
  example_NN  of_IO  model_NN  analysis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  steel_NN  portal_NN  framework_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.3_MC  has_VHZ  encastre*?2_JJ  stanchion_NN  feet_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  second_MD  moments_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  of_IO  AB_&FO  ,_,  BC_&FO  ,_,  and_CC  CD_&FO  are_VBR  I_ZZ1  ,_,  2I_&FO  and_CC  I_ZZ1  ,_,  respectively_RR  .  
  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  influence_NN  lines_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  redundants_NNS  ,_,  chosen_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  reactions_NNS  R*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  R*;2**;_&FO  and_CC  R*;3**;_&FO  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  A_ZZ1  ,_,  a_AT1  scale_NN  model_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  model_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  of_IO  material_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  linear_JJ  elasticity_NN  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  Hooke's_PPIO2  law_NN  (_(  \0e.g_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  cut_VBN  from_IO  sheet_NN  Xylonite_NP  celluloid_NN  )_)  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  layout_NN  scale_NN  factor_NN  s_ZZ1  and_CC  the_AT1  ratios_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  moments_NNS  of_IO  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  members_NNS  AB_&FO  ,_,  BC_&FO  and_CC  CD_&FO  must_VM  be_VB0  1_MC1  :_:  2_MC  :_:  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  required_JJ  influence_NN  lines_NNS  are_VBR  found_VBN  by_IO  subjecting_VBG  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  mounted_VBN  to_TO  reproduce_VV0  the_AT1  encastre*?2_JJ  conditions_NNS  at_IO  A_ZZ1  and_CC  D_ZZ1  ,_,  to_IO  small_JJ  displacements_NNS  horizontally_RR  (_(  for_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  R*;1**;_&FO  )_)  ,_,  vertically_RR  (_(  for_IO  R*;2**;_&FO  )_)  and_CC  rotationally_RR  (_(  for_IO  R*;3**;_&FO  )_)  at_IO  A_ZZ1  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  and_CC  recording_VBG  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  for_IO  each_DD1  displacement_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  applied_VBN  at_IO  A_ZZ1  separately_RR  without_IO  movement_NN  in_IO  any_DD  other_DA  direction_NN  .  
  suppose_VV0  the_AT1  influence_NN  lines_VBZ  so_RR  obtained_VBN  are_VBR  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.4_MC  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  desired_VBN  to_TO  determine_VV0  the_AT1  magnitudes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reactions_NNS  at_IO  A_ZZ1  caused_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  loading_NN  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.3_MC  .  
  then_RL  using_VBG  subscripts_NNS  m_ZZ1  to_TO  denote_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  displacements_NNS  are_VBR  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  which_DDQ  are_VBR  independent_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  .  
  for_IO  R*;3**;_&FO  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  scale_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  enters_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  calculations_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  desirable_JJ  to_TO  refer_VV0  the_AT1  model_NN  displacements_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  values_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  structure_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  foot_NN  A_ZZ1  of_IO  the_AT1  actual_JJ  framework_NN  were_VBDR  rotated_VBN  through_IO  th_ZZ1  radians_NNS  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  deflections_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  s_ZZ1  times_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  when_CS its_APP$  foot_NN  A_ZZ1  is_VBZ  rotated_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  angle_NN  .  
  using_VBG  the_AT1  equivalent_JJ  full-scale_JB  influence_NN  line_NN  ordinates_NNS  then_RL  to_TO  obtain_VV0  R*;3**;_&FO  gives_VBZ  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  since_CS  th_ZZ1  is_VBZ  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  uniformly_RR  distributed_VBN  loading_NN  of_IO  intensity_NN  w_ZZ1  over_IO  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  CD_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  corresponding_JJ  values_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  reactions_NNS  at_IO  A_ZZ1  are_VBR  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  where_CS distance_NN  x_ZZ1  along_IO  CD_&FO  refers_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  if_CS  a*;1**;_&FO  ,_,  a*;2**;_&FO  and_CC  a*;3**;_&FO  are_VBR  the_AT1  areas_NNS  enclosed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  lines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  respectively_RR  :_:  **[formula**]_&FO  and_CC  for_IO  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  sufficiently_RR  accurate_JJ  to_TO  assume_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  influence_NN  lines_NNS  are_VBR  straight_JJ  between_IO  measured_JJ  ordinates_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bending_NN  moment_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  within_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  obtained_VBN  similarly_RR  by_IO  cutting_VBG  the_AT1  model_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  question_NN  and_CC  applying_VBG  an_AT1  angular_JJ  displacement_NN  ,_,  as_CS  indicated_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.5_MC  .  
  the_AT1  required_JJ  bending_NN  moment_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  particular_JJ  loading_NN  is_VBZ  then_RL  obtained_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  ordinates_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  similar_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  used_VBN  for_IO  finding_VBG  R*;3**;_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  particularly_RR  important_JJ  to_TO  measure_VV0  the_AT1  influence_NN  line_NN  ordinates_NNS  correctly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  \0fig_NN  8.4_MC  with_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  f*;q2**;_&FO  .  
  accuracy_NN  can_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  improved_VBN  by_IO  using_VBG  positive_JJ  and_CC  negative_JJ  displacements_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0figs_NNS  10.20_MC  and_CC  10.21_MC  .  
  use_NN  of_IO  scale_NN  models_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  analysis_NN  of_IO  frameworks_NNS  is_VBZ  always_RR  worth_IO  considering_VBG  as_IO  an_AT1  alternative_NN  to_IO  manual_JJ  computation_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  for_IO  frameworks_NNS  of_IO  simple_JJ  form_NN  whose_PNQV$  members_NNS  are_VBR  of_IO  non-uniform_JJ  section_NN  for_IO  reasons_NNS  of_IO  economy_NN  .  
  accuracy_NN  of_IO  model_NN  analysis_NN  tends_VBZ  to_TO  lie_VV0  between_IO  5_MC  %_NNU  and_CC  10_MC  %_NNU  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  values_NNS  calculated_VBN  exactly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  assumptions_NNS  as_IO  those_DD2  used_VBN  in_IO  constructing_VBG  the_AT1  model_NN  .  
  two_MC  articles_NNS  have_VH0  appeared_VBN  by_IO  Bichsel_NP  on_IO  electron_NN  microscopy_NN  ;_;  one_MC1  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  investigation_NN  of_IO  sub-grain_JB  structure_NN  in_IO  high_JJ  purity_NN  aluminium_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  is_VBZ  general_JJ  ,_,  describing_VBG  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  oxide_NN  replica_NN  techniques_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  thin_JJ  foils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  illustrations_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  papers_NNS  are_VBR  impressive_JJ  scientifically_RR  and_CC  attractive_JJ  aesthetically_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  time_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  receive_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  designers_NNS  of_IO  wallpaper_NN  ,_,  floor_NN  coverings_NNS  and_CC  similar_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  single_JJ  crystals_NNS  continue_VV0  to_TO  attract_VV0  the_AT1  experimenter_NN  ;_;  McKinnon_NP  has_VHZ  studied_VBN  the_AT1  work-hardening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  super-purity_NN  aluminium_NN  crystal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indicated_VVD  that_CS  during_IO  stage_NN  1_MC1  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  slip_NN  on_IO  (_(  111_MC  )_)  plane_NN  of_IO  maximum_JJ  resolved_JJ  shear_NN  stress_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  hardening_NN  is_VBZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  and_CC  type_NN  of_IO  uniformly_RR  distributed_VBN  secondary_JJ  slip_NN  .  Greetham_NP  and_CC  Honeycombe_NP  have_VH0  deformed_VBN  single_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  aluminium-4.5_JB  %_NNU  copper_NN  given_VBN  various_JJ  ageing_JJ  treatments_NNS  after_IO  solution_NN  treatment_NN  .  
  under-aged_JJ  crystals_NNS  showed_VVD  a_AT1  marked_JJ  yield_NN  point_NN  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  period_NN  of_IO  low_JJ  hardening_NN  ,_,  while_CS  over-aged_JJ  crystals_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  treated_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  optimum_JJ  temperature_NN  ,_,  though_CS  showing_VBG  no_AT1  yield_NN  point_NN  ,_,  strain-hardened_VVD  rapidly_RR  .  
  by_IO  X-ray_NN  and_CC  metallographic_JJ  study_NN  ,_,  Richards_NP  and_CC  Pugh_NP  have_VH0  determined_VBN  the_AT1  sequences_NNS  of_IO  behaviour_NN  of_IO  super-purity_NN  aluminium_NN  during_IO  rolling_NN  and_CC  annealing_NN  .  
  structures_NNS  after_IO  various_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  cold_JJ  reduction_NN  are_VBR  illustrated_VBN  as_IO  photomicrographs_NNS  and_CC  X-ray_NN  transmission_NN  patterns_NNS  .  
  Blade_NP  ,_,  Clare_NP  and_CC  Lamb_NP  have_VH0  used_VBN  levitation_NN  melting_NN  to_TO  provide_VV0  ingots_NNS  of_IO  zone-refined_JJ  aluminium_NN  containing_VBG  additions_NNS  of_IO  various_JJ  elements_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  then_RL  rolled_VBN  to_IO  sheet_NN  for_IO  determination_NN  of_IO  recrystallisation_NN  temperatures_NNS  .  
  as_RG  little_DA  as_IO  0.001_MC  \0at_NNU  %_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  addition_NN  elements_NNS  was_VBDZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  produce_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  retardation_NN  of_IO  recrystallisation_NN  ;_;  silicon_NN  ,_,  copper_NN  and_CC  magnesium_NN  each_DD1  caused_VVD  an_AT1  increase_NN  of_IO  recrystallisation_NN  temperature_NN  of_IO  50-100_MC-MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  while_CS  for_IO  iron_NN  ,_,  chromium_NN  and_CC  manganese_NN  a_AT1  figure_NN  of_IO  \0c_RR  200_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  is_VBZ  quoted_VBN  .  
  at_IO  temperatures_NNS  varying_VBG  from_IO  195-500_MC-MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  Ormerod_NP  and_CC  Tegart_NP  have_VH0  subjected_VBN  super-purity_NN  aluminium_NN  to_IO  torsion_NN  stresses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  determined_VBN  torque_NN  values_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  converted_VBN  to_IO  shear_NN  stress_NN  ,_,  while_CS  specimen_NN  revolutions_NNS  are_VBR  converted_VBN  to_IO  shear_NN  strain_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  being_VBG  used_VBN  to_TO  draw_VV0  true_JJ  stress_NN  /_IO  strain_NN  curves_NNS  .  
  Davies_NP  has_VHZ  performed_VBN  stress-rupture_NN  tests_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  aluminium-1_JB  %_NNU  nickel_NN  alloy_NN  favoured_VBN  for_IO  resistance_NN  to_IO  corrosion_NN  by_IO  high_JJ  temperature_NN  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  obtained_VVD  1,000_MC  hour_NN  values_NNS  of_IO  0.75_MC  at_IO  350_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  1.8_MC  at_IO  250_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  and_CC  4.2_MC  at_IO  100_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  units_NNS  being_VBG  \0kg_NNU  /_IO  \0sq_NNU  \0mm_NNU  ;_;  English_JJ  eyes_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  preferred_VBN  tons_NNS  /_IO  \0sq_NNU  \0in_NNU  .  
  corrosion_NN  and_CC  protection_NN  .  
  no_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  degeneration_NN  of_IO  metals_NNS  is_VBZ  more_RG  insidious_JJ  than_IO  corrosion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  volume_NN  of_IO  work_NN  published_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seriousness_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  viewed_VBN  .  
  Evans_NP  has_VHZ  produced_VBN  a_AT1  monumental_JJ  volume_NN  of_IO  great_JJ  authority_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  corrosion_NN  and_CC  oxidation_NN  of_IO  metals_NNS  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  author_NN  index_NN  containing_VBG  no_AT1  less_DA  than_IO  3,000_MC  names_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  fat_JJ  volume_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  scribbling_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  very_RG  well_RR  worth_IO  while_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  with_IO  Gibbon's_PPIO2  work_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  well_RR  outlive_VV0  the_AT1  author_NN  .  
  another_DD1  useful_JJ  book_NN  is_VBZ  that_DD1  written_VBN  by_IO  Rogers_NP  ,_,  principally_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  naval_JJ  constructors_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  of_IO  ships_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  ;_;  aluminium_NN  receives_VBZ  its_APP$  due_JJ  meed_NN  of_IO  attention_NN  ,_,  with_IO  alarming_JJ  illustrations_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  when_CS wrong_JJ  procedures_NNS  are_VBR  adopted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  details_NNS  of_IO  correct_JJ  design_NN  and_CC  practice_NN  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corrosive_JJ  enemy_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  recognised_VBN  and_CC  assessed_VBN  ;_;  Great_NP  Britain_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  unenviable_JJ  reputation_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  particularly_RR  aggressive_JJ  place_NN  .  
  Ambler_NP  has_VHZ  found_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  distribution_NN  of_IO  chloride_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  atmosphere_NN  has_VHZ  the_AT1  same_DA  general_JJ  relation_NN  to_IO  distance_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  as_CS  in_IO  west_NN1  Africa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  corrosion_NN  of_IO  steel_NN  and_CC  zinc_NN  bears_VBZ  no_AT1  relation_NN  to_IO  salinity_NN  ;_;  encouragingly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  considers_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  corrosion_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  aluminium_NN  specimens_NNS  was_VBDZ  so_RG  small_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  give_VV0  high_JJ  errors_NNS  on_IO  cleaning_NN  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  hazard_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  added_VBN  to_IO  corrosion_NN  testing_NN  .  
  at_IO  Llanrhystyd_NP  ,_,  Ambler's_PPIO2  specimens_NNS  were_VBDR  liable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  licked_VBN  by_IO  cows_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  landward_JB  side_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  states_VBZ  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  low_JJ  results_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  surely_RR  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  corrosivity_NN  of_IO  cow_NN  saliva_NN  as_IO  against_II  the_AT1  beneficial_JJ  effects_NNS  of_IO  regular_JJ  cleaning_NN  .  
  in_IO  continuing_VBG  its_APP$  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  basic_JJ  causes_NNS  and_CC  mechanism_NN  of_IO  corrosion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  national_JJ  bureau_NN  of_IO  standards_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S.A_NP  has_VHZ  established_VBN  that_CS  with_IO  large_JJ  single_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  purity_NN  aluminium_NN  exposed_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  acid_JJ  mixture_NN  ,_,  configuration_NN  of_IO  etch_NN  pits_NNS  differed_VBN  according_IO  to_II  crystallographic_JJ  orientation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rates_NNS  of_IO  attack_NN  varied_VVD  radically_RR  from_IO  those_DD2  observed_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  alkali_NN  mixture_NN  .  
  Edeleanu_NP  has_VHZ  studied_VBN  the_AT1  pitting_NN  mechanism_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  99.999_MC  %_NNU  aluminium_NN  foil_NN  in_IO  sodium_NN  chloride_NN  solution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  demonstrated_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  attack_NN  per_IO  unit_NN  of_IO  active_JJ  area_NN  inside_IO  a_AT1  pit_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  constant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  changes_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  external_JJ  polarising_JJ  current_NN  change_VV0  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  pitting_NN  only_RR  by_IO  altering_VBG  the_AT1  active_JJ  area_NN  .  
  an_AT1  electron_NN  micrograph_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pitting_NN  system_NN  illustrates_VBZ  effectively_RR  the_AT1  frequent_JJ  changes_NNS  in_IO  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  attack_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  general_JJ  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  causes_NNS  of_IO  pitting_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  effects_NNS  ,_,  Robinson_NP  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  cardinal_JB  point_NN  that_CS  to_TO  avoid_VV0  it_PPH1  one_MC1  must_VM  eliminate_VV0  the_AT1  chloride_NN  ion_NN  or_CC  inhibit_VV0  it_PPH1  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  adopt_VV0  either_LE  of_IO  these_DD2  admirable_JJ  actions_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  pitting_NN  must_VM  sometimes_RR  be_VB0  lived_VBN  with_IO  and_CC  allowed_VBN  for_IO  in_IO  design_NN  and_CC  selection_NN  of_IO  materials_NNS  .  
  susceptibility_NN  to_IO  intercrystalline_JJ  corrosion_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  less_RG  serious_JJ  matter_NN  than_IO  proneness_NN  to_IO  stress-corrosion_NN  ;_;  indeed_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  strength_NN  \0Al-Zn-Mg-Cu_&FO  alloys_NNS  ,_,  stress-corrosion_NN  failure_NN  can_VM  occur_VV0  when_CS very_RG  little_DA  evidence_NN  of_IO  corrosive_JJ  attack_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  detected_VBN  .  
  in_IO  developing_VBG  tests_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  susceptibility_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  alloy_NN  to_IO  intercrystalline_JJ  attack_NN  ,_,  Ketcham_NP  and_CC  Taylor_NP  do_VD0  not_XX  mention_VV0  stress-corrosion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  their_APP$  tests_NNS  are_VBR  no_AT1  doubt_NN  of_IO  value_NN  ,_,  tests_NNS  including_IO  stress_NN  application_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  .  
  silver_NN  is_VBZ  highly_RR  cathodic_JJ  to_IO  aluminium_NN  ,_,  and_CC  alloys_NNS  containing_VBG  large_JJ  additions_NNS  of_IO  silver_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  correspondingly_RR  low_JJ  in_IO  corrosion_NN  resistance_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  by_IO  Stadelmeier_NP  and_CC  Whitener_NP  ;_;  in_IO  their_APP$  aluminium-silver_JB  alloy_NN  ,_,  \0Ag*;2**;Al_&FO  was_VBDZ  precipitated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  grain_NN  boundaries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  refrigerator_NN  atmosphere_NN  samples_NNS  were_VBDR  completely_RR  pulverised_VBN  in_IO  four_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  committee_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  association_NN  of_IO  corrosion_NN  engineers_NNS  has_VHZ  reported_VBN  on_IO  its_APP$  investigations_NNS  of_IO  techniques_NNS  applicable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  aluminium_NN  corrosion_NN  products_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  X-ray_NN  diffraction_NN  and_CC  fluorescence_NN  ,_,  thermal_JJ  analysis_NN  ,_,  electrographic_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  spectrographic_JJ  analysis_NN  ,_,  microscopic_JJ  examination_NN  and_CC  quantitative_JJ  and_CC  qualitative_JJ  tests_NNS  .  
  having_VHG  purified_VBN  water_NN  sufficiently_RR  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  merit_VV0  the_AT1  application_NN  high-purity_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  user_NN  is_VBZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  Knoedler_NP  and_CC  Gordon_NP  have_VH0  assembled_VBN  test_NN  data_NNS  on_IO  many_DA  materials_NNS  that_PNQS may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  for_IO  containers_NNS  ,_,  pipes_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  including_VBG  steel_NN  sprayed_VBN  with_IO  aluminium_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  combination_NN  coated_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  polyvinyl_NN  top_JB  coat_NN  .  
  commercially_RR  pure_JJ  aluminium_NN  and_CC  aluminium-manganese_JB  alloy_NN  tanks_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  used_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  water_NN  showed_VVD  0.035_MC  parts_NNS  per_IO  million_MC  of_IO  aluminium_NN  after_IO  56_MC  days'_NN2  storage_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  very_RG  low_JJ  proportion_NN  .  
  in_IO  comparing_VBG  metals_NNS  for_IO  compatibility_NN  with_IO  90_MC  %_NNU  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  ,_,  Bloom_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  co-workers_NNS  award_VV0  classification_NN  1_MC1  only_RR  to_IO  pure_JJ  aluminium_NN  ,_,  certain_JJ  aluminium_NN  alloys_NNS  and_CC  zirconium_NN  .  
  a_AT1  rocket_NN  fuel_NN  rejoicing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  unsymmetrical_JJ  dimethylhydrazine_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  successfully_RR  stored_VBN  in_IO  aluminium_NN  containers_NNS  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  without_IO  ill_JJ  effect_NN  ,_,  as_CS  reported_VBN  by_IO  Raleigh_NP  and_CC  Derr_NP  .  
  many_DA  somewhat_RR  unusual_JJ  chemicals_NNS  are_VBR  needed_VBN  in_IO  conjunction_NN  with_IO  rocket_NN  engines_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Geiger_NP  ,_,  Schuler_NP  and_CC  Mowers_NP  have_VH0  discussed_VBN  material_NN  selection_NN  problems_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  present_JJ  knowledge_NN  .  
  aluminium_NN  is_VBZ  compatible_JJ  with_IO  hydrogen_NN  peroxide_NN  ,_,  nitrogen_NN  tetroxide_NN  ,_,  liquid_JJ  fluorine_NN  and_CC  inhibited_JJ  red_NN  fuming_JJ  nitric_JJ  acid_NN  ,_,  amongst_IO  other_DA  rocket_NN  chemicals_NNS  .  
  Aylmore_NP  ,_,  Gregg_NP  and_CC  Jepson_NP  have_VH0  studied_VBN  the_AT1  oxides_NNS  formed_VBN  when_CS aluminium_NN  is_VBZ  heated_VBN  in_IO  dry_JJ  oxygen_NN  and_CC  interpreted_VVD  their_APP$  results_NNS  as_CS  showing_VBG  crystallisation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  initially_RR  formed_VBN  amorphous_JJ  layer_NN  .  
  using_VBG  an_AT1  \0A.C_NN  bridge_NN  ,_,  Lorking_NP  measured_VVD  the_AT1  capacity_NN  and_CC  thus_RR  the_AT1  thickness_NN  of_IO  non-porous_JJ  oxide_NN  films_NNS  on_IO  aluminium_NN  ;_;  chloride_NN  ions_NNS  in_IO  solution_NN  increased_VVD  the_AT1  permeability_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  film_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  detected_VBN  by_IO  potential_NN  measurements_NNS  .  
  since_CS  a_AT1  general_JJ  air_NN  of_IO  pessimism_NN  permeates_VBZ  the_AT1  account_NN  by_IO  Capp_NP  and_CC  Philibert_NP  about_IO  ship_NN  corrosion_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  remarks_NNS  about_IO  trouble_NN  with_IO  aluminium_NN  are_VBR  perhaps_RR  less_RG  unacceptable_JJ  ;_;  however_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  ill-informed_JJ  about_IO  developments_NNS  since_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  in_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  as_IO  riveting_NN  and_CC  boundary_NN  bar_NN  joints_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  general_JJ  avoidance_NN  of_IO  bimetallic_JJ  corrosion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stupid_JJ  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  still_RR  done_VBN  are_VBR  exemplified_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  account_NN  by_IO  Brooks_NP  of_IO  a_AT1  floodlight_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  fishing_NN  vessel_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS had_VHD  castings_NNS  in_IO  an_AT1  aluminium_NN  alloy_NN  containing_VBG  2_MC  1/2_MC  %_NNU  copper_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  bolted_VBN  together_RR  with_IO  brass_NN  bolts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  employed_VVD  an_AT1  absorbent_JJ  fibre_NN  gasket_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  hardly_RR  conceivable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  things_NNS  still_RR  happen_VV0  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  industry_NN  ,_,  hazards_NNS  are_VBR  much_RR  more_RG  fully_RR  recognised_VBN  ;_;  Heath_NP  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  how_CS modern_JJ  aircraft_NN  design_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  modified_VBN  to_TO  provide_VV0  access_NN  to_IO  all_DB  parts_NNS  for_IO  inspection_NN  ,_,  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  unobserved_JJ  corrosion_NN  can_VM  not_XX  proceed_VV0  to_TO  cause_VV0  a_AT1  catastrophe_NN  .  
  this_DD1  requirement_NN  in_IO  design_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  most_RG  important_JJ  in_IO  modern_JJ  aircraft_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  long_JJ  service_NN  lives_NNS  are_VBR  expected_VBN  .  
  corrosion_NN  at_IO  welds_NNS  has_VHZ  not_XX  proved_VBN  a_AT1  serious_JJ  problem_NN  with_IO  aluminium_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  dangers_NNS  of_IO  flux_NN  entrapment_NN  were_VBDR  eliminated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  adoption_NN  of_IO  inert_JJ  gas-shielded_JJ  welding_NN  methods_NNS  ;_;  however_RR  ,_,  trouble_NN  with_IO  large_JJ  gas-welded_JJ  cooking_NN  pans_NNS  in_IO  aluminium-2_JB  %_NNU  magnesium_NN  alloy_NN  described_VBN  by_IO  Latimer_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  due_JJ  to_IO  flux_NN  residues_NNS  .  
    knife-edge_NN    attack_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  welds_NNS  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  coarse_JJ  structure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  partially_RR  fused_VBN  zone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  continuous_JJ  b-phase_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grain_NN  boundaries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heat-affected_JJ  zones_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  by_IO  welding_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  faster_JJ  rate_NN  with_IO  less_DA  heat_NN  input_NN  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  by_IO  tungsten-arc_JB  welding_NN  .  
  Oldfield_NP  and_CC  Twigg_NP  investigating_VBG  the_AT1  staining_NN  of_IO  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  tableware_NN  ,_,  tested_VVD  blades_NNS  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  galvanised_JJ  iron_NN  and_CC  with_IO  aluminium_NN  in_IO  Sheffield_NP  tap_NN  water_NN  at_IO  60_MC  *@_NNU  and_CC  100_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  concluded_VVD  that_CS  aluminium_NN  containers_NNS  are_VBR  reasonably_RR  safe_JJ  for_IO  trays_NNS  or_CC  baskets_NNS  for_IO  washing_VBG  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  cutlery_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  galvanised_JJ  iron_NN  can_VM  cause_VV0  staining_NN  .  
  aluminium-magnesium-silicon_JB  alloy_NN  (_(  similar_JJ  to_IO  h9-p_NN  )_)  pipe_NN  ,_,  TIG_NP  welded_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  used_VBN  for_IO  sour_JJ  gas_NN  was_VBDZ  inspected_VBN  by_IO  Flournoy_NP  after_IO  being_VBG  buried_VBN  for_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  without_IO  protection_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  soil_NN  of_IO  sandy_JJ  loam_NN  and_CC  broken_JJ  caliche_NN  .  
  where_CS failure_NN  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  by_IO  pitting_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  chlorides_NNS  were_VBDR  detected_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  corrosion_NN  product_NN  .  
  this_DD1  experience_NN  shows_VBZ  that_CS  aluminium_NN  is_VBZ  resistant_JJ  to_IO  sour_JJ  gas_NN  ,_,  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  installed_VBN  bare_JJ  underground_RR  if_CS  protection_NN  is_VBZ  afforded_VBN  at_IO  local_JJ  spots_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  corrosivity_NN  .  
  if_CS  one_MC1  keeps_VBZ  the_AT1  anti-freeze_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cooling_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  one's_$  car_NN  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  runs_VBZ  the_AT1  risk_NN  of_IO  corrosion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cast-iron_JB  parts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  circuit_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  to_IO  increase_NN  in_IO  acid_NN  content_NN  and_CC  reduction_NN  of_IO  inhibitor_NN  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cooling_JJ  liquid_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  shown_VBN  by_IO  Collins_NP  and_CC  Higgins_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS also_RR  state_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  corrosion_NN  of_IO  other_DA  metals_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  deteriorated_JJ  anti-freeze_NN  is_VBZ  slight_JJ  ;_;  only_RR  occasionally_RR  has_VHZ  slight_JJ  pitting_NN  been_VBN  seen_VBN  with_IO  aluminium_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  corrosion_NN  necessitating_VBG  replacement_NN  has_VHZ  resulted_VBN  .  
  investigating_VBG  the_AT1  special_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  hypereutectic_JJ  aluminium-silicon_JB  alloys_NNS  under_IO  conditions_NNS  related_VBN  to_IO  car_NN  engine_NN  cooling_NN  systems_NNS  ,_,  Craig_NP  and_CC  Woods_NPLS  have_VH0  shown_VBN  that_CS  such_DA  alloys_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS coupled_VBN  to_IO  copper_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  corroded_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  negligible_JJ  extent_NN  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  suitable_JJ  inhibitors_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  coolant_NN  ;_;  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  hypereutectic_JJ  aluminium-silicon_JB  alloys_NNS  are_VBR  more_RG  corrosion_NN  resistant_JJ  than_IO  cast_NN  iron_NN  .  
  Sundararajan_NP  and_CC  Char_NP  ,_,  continuing_VBG  their_APP$  studies_NNS  of_IO  inhibition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corrosion_NN  of_IO  aluminium_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  assessed_VBN  the_AT1  effects_NNS  of_IO  acridine_NN  ,_,  nicotinic_JJ  acid_NN  ,_,  dextrin_NN  ,_,  thiourea_NN  and_CC  tannic_JJ  acid_NN  in_IO  dilute_JJ  hydrochloric_JJ  acid_NN  ;_;  all_DB  were_VBDR  efficient_JJ  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  paper_NN  these_DD2  authors_NNS  describe_VV0  polarisation_NN  studies_NNS  in_IO  acid_NN  and_CC  alkaline_JJ  solutions_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  thiourea_NN  and_CC  dextrin_NN  as_IO  inhibitors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  conclude_VV0  that_CS  cathodic_JJ  protection_NN  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  in_IO  acid_NN  solutions_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  potential_JJ  range_NN  -0.55_MC  to_IO  -0.80_MC  \0V_NNU  .  
  in_IO  both_DB2  these_DD2  papers_NNS  one_MC1  meets_VBZ  again_RR  the_AT1  curious_JJ  material_NN  previously_RR  described_VBN  by_IO  Sundararajan_NP  and_CC  Char_NP  ,_,  namely_RR  92_MC  %_NNU  pure_JJ  aluminium_NN  ,_,  containing_VBG  3_MC  %_NNU  \0Fe_&FO  ,_,  4_MC  %_NNU  \0Mn_&FO  ,_,  1_MC1  %_NNU  \0Si_&FO  ;_;  doubts_NNS  about_IO  decimal_JJ  points_NNS  return_VV0  more_RG  strongly_RR  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  using_VBG  some_DD  impressive_JJ  mathematics_NN  ,_,  Bauer_NP  and_CC  Eddy_NP  have_VH0  compared_VBN  various_JJ  possible_JJ  anode_NN  materials_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  protection_NN  of_IO  water_NN  tanks_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  interesting_JJ  factor_NN  affecting_VBG  choice_NN  is_VBZ  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  water_NN  freezes_VBZ  and_CC  breaks_VBZ  the_AT1  anode_NN  or_CC  suspension_NN  ;_;  if_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,  aluminium_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  cheapness_NN  .  
  chemical_JJ  conversion_NN  coatings_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  summarised_VBN  by_IO  Ayres_NP  ,_,  considering_VBG  them_PPHO1  principally_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  corrosion_NN  resistance_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  conferred_VBN  by_IO  low_JJ  chemical_JJ  activity_NN  and_CC  solubility_NN  .  
  Wells_NP  and_CC  Pinner_NP  have_VH0  surveyed_VBN  recent_JJ  advances_NNS  in_IO  chemical_JJ  and_CC  electrolytic_JJ  polishing_NN  ,_,  on_IO  all_DB  relevant_JJ  metals_NNS  including_IO  aluminium_NN  .  
  this_DD1  particular_JJ  detecting_JJ  element_NN  illustrates_VBZ  why_CS the_AT1  plant_NN  engineer_NN  is_VBZ  slow_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  new_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  to_TO  introduce_VV0  microwave_NN  generating_JJ  and_CC  detecting_JJ  equipment_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  power_NN  station_NN  fills_VBZ  the_AT1  plant_NN  engineer_NN  with_IO  horror_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  when_CS the_AT1  equipment_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  rugged_JJ  and_CC  utterly_RR  reliable_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  consider_VV0  using_VBG  it_PPH1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  nowadays_RR  engineers_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  use_VV0  detecting_JJ  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  give_VV0  an_AT1  electrical_JJ  output_NN  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  extreme_JJ  simplicity_NN  to_TO  amplify_VV0  the_AT1  signal_NN  to_IO  any_DD  degree_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  transmit_VV0  the_AT1  signal_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  without_IO  serious_JJ  loss_NN  .  
  detectors_NNS  having_VHG  an_AT1  electrical_JJ  output_NN  are_VBR  therefore_RR  of_IO  growing_JJ  importance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  although_CS  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  a_AT1  mechanical_JJ  output_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  quite_RR  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  pneumatic_JJ  devices_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  surprising_JJ  that_CS  so_RG  little_DA  use_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  pneumatic_JJ  devices_NNS  for_IO  measurement_NN  and_CC  control_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  distances_NNS  .  
  work_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  scientific_JJ  instrument_NN  research_NN  association_NN  has_VHZ  shown_VBN  that_CS  pneumatic_JJ  gauging_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  almost_RR  ideal_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  deciding_VBG  if_CS  a_AT1  sliver_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  semiconducting_JJ  material_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  dimensions_NNS  for_IO  manufacturing_VBG  a_AT1  transistor_NN  .  
  pneumatic_JJ  bearings_NNS  also_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  application_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  developed_VBN  outside_IO  gyroscopes_NNS  :_:  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  patent_NN  has_VHZ  recently_RR  been_VBN  taken_VBN  out_RP  covering_VBG  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pneumatic_JJ  bearing_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  polishing_NN  head_NN  .  
  passing_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  optical_JJ  detecting_JJ  elements_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  beginning_VBG  to_TO  receive_VV0  the_AT1  attention_NN  they_PPHS2  deserve_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  electronic_JJ  devices_NNS  to_TO  replace_VV0  the_AT1  human_JJ  eye_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  are_VBR  coming_VBG  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  into_IO  favour_NN  as_IO  on_IO  line_NN  instruments_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  nondispersive_JJ  infra-red_JJ  spectrometer_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  example_NN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  automatic_JJ  saccharimeter_NN  developed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  physical_JJ  laboratory_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  future_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  when_CS one_MC1  comes_VBZ  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  more_RG  sophisticated_JJ  optical_JJ  electronic_JJ  instruments_NNS  that_CS  one_MC1  finds_VBZ  the_AT1  numerous_JJ  advantages_NNS  of_IO  utilising_VBG  the_AT1  visible_JJ  and_CC  near_II  visible_JJ  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  electromagnetic_JJ  spectrometer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Hilger_NP  &_CC  Watts_NP  automatic_JJ  spectrographs_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  are_VBR  in_IO  constant_JJ  use_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  industries_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  optical_JJ  methods_NNS  are_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  guidance_NN  systems_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  of_IO  our_APP$  guided_JJ  missiles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  electrical_JJ  detecting_JJ  elements_NNS  has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  stressed_VBN  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  the_AT1  piezo_NN  electric_JJ  effect_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_RBT  known_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  used_JJ  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  conventional_JJ  cases_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  thermocouple_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  resistance_NN  thermometer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  piezo_NN  electric_JJ  effect_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  launch_VV0  ultrasonic_JJ  waves_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  liquid_NN  or_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  slurry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  resulting_JJ  phenomena_NNS  are_VBR  only_RR  now_RL  being_VBG  investigated_VBN  on_IO  an_AT1  industrial_JJ  basis_NN  .  
  nucleonic_JJ  instruments_NNS  tend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  largely_RR  electronic_JJ  devices_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  detecting_JJ  element_NN  itself_PPX1  generally_RR  uses_VBZ  a_AT1  nucleonic_JJ  phenomenon_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  remainder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apparatus_NN  is_VBZ  electronic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  nucleonic_JJ  detection_NN  usually_RR  takes_VBZ  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  space_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  big_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  electronics_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  speed_NN  of_IO  response_NN  .  
  the_AT1  preceding_JJ  paragraph_NN  gives_VBZ  some_DD  general_JJ  reflections_NNS  on_IO  detecting_JJ  elements_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  book_NN  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  written_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  without_IO  exhausting_VBG  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  .  
  mechanical_JJ  ,_,  hydraulic_JJ  ,_,  pneumatic_JJ  and_CC  electrical_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  in_IO  use_NN  in_IO  automatic_JJ  control_NN  systems_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  represent_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  class_NN  of_IO  component_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  system_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  resolved_VBN  .  
  mechanical_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  are_VBR  exemplified_VBN  by_IO  levers_NNS  ,_,  while_CS  hydraulic_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  are_VBR  exemplified_VBN  by_IO  transference_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pressure_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  flow_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  tube_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  pneumatic_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  operate_VV0  in_IO  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_IO  hydraulic_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  offer_VV0  greater_JJ  diversity_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  application_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  noted_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  cases_NNS  is_VBZ  there_EX  any_DD  real_JJ  gain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  energy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  lever_NN  increases_VBZ  the_AT1  movement_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  available_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  observer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  so_PN1  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  available_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lever_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  hydraulic_JJ  and_CC  pneumatic_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  amplifiers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  made_VBN  which_DDQ  correspond_VV0  exactly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  electronic_JJ  amplifier_NN  :_:  the_AT1  signal_NN  strength_NN  is_VBZ  actually_RR  increased_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  reservoir_NN  of_IO  gas_NN  or_CC  liquid_NN  .  
  electronic_JJ  amplifiers_NNS  are_VBR  essentially_RR  devices_NNS  which_DDQ  transform_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  current_NN  available_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  power_NN  supply_NN  to_IO  signal_NN  current_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  perform_VV0  an_AT1  operation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  element_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  control_NN  system_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  transmission_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  time_NN  the_AT1  transmission_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  often_RR  done_VBN  hydraulically_RR  or_CC  pneumatically_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  electrical_JJ  systems_NNS  are_VBR  gradually_RR  coming_VBG  into_IO  use_NN  ,_,  subject_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  stringent_JJ  conditions_NNS  of_IO  intrinsic_JJ  safety_NN  .  
  where_CS long_JJ  runs_NNS  are_VBR  required_VBN  ,_,  electrical_JJ  transmission_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  preferred_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  computers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  item_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  system_NN  has_VHZ  gained_VBN  considerable_JJ  notoriety_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  sometimes_RR  thought_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  uninitiated_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  principal_JB  component_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  data_NNS  logger_NN  or_CC  computer_NN  .  
  computers_NNS  were_VBDR  originally_RR  manufactured_VBN  in_IO  analogue_NN  form_NN  to_TO  solve_VV0  certain_JJ  complex_JJ  differential_JJ  equations_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  instance_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  mechanically_RR  operated_VBN  .  
  thereafter_RR  ,_,  electronic_JJ  computers_NNS  came_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  operated_VBN  digitally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  since_IO  then_RL  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  competition_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  analogue_NN  computer_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  digital_JJ  computer_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  limited_JJ  extent_NN  the_AT1  analogue_NN  computers_NNS  are_VBR  very_RG  useful_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  plant_NN  characteristics_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  such_DA  computers_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_IO  advantage_NN  when_CS a_AT1  new_JJ  plant_NN  is_VBZ  being_VBG  set_VBN  up_RP  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  automatically_RR  controlled_VBN  throughout_II  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  where_CS extreme_JJ  accuracy_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  the_AT1  digital_JJ  computer_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  to_TO  use_VV0  and_CC  electronic_JJ  digital_JJ  computers_NNS  are_VBR  employed_VBN  to_IO  advantage_NN  in_IO  performing_VBG  difficult_JJ  calculations_NNS  in_IO  optics_NN  ,_,  in_IO  stresses_NNS  and_CC  strains_NNS  in_IO  aircraft_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  other_DA  problems_NNS  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  as_CS  process_NN  control_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  after_CS  the_AT1  preliminary_JJ  investigation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  means_II  of_II  an_AT1  analogue_NN  computer_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  equipment_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  simple_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  and_CC  should_VM  comprise_VV0  a_AT1  detecting_JJ  element_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  data_NNS  logger_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  controller_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  third_MD  being_VBG  connected_VBN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  by_IO  transmission_NN  lines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  data_NNS  logger_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  perform_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  simple_JJ  operations_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  worth_IO  while_NN  using_VBG  a_AT1  general_JJ  purpose_NN  electronic_JJ  digital_JJ  computer_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  therefore_RR  the_AT1  writer's_NN1$  opinion_NN  that_CS  general_JJ  purpose_NN  computers_NNS  have_VH0  no_AT1  long_JJ  term_NN  significance_NN  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  process_NN  or_CC  machine_NN  tool_NN  control_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  rather_RR  the_AT1  data_NNS  loggers_NNS  and_CC  computers_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  small_JJ  black_JJ  boxes_NNS  ,_,  designed_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  specific_JJ  jobs_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  computer_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  detecting_JJ  element_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  detecting_JJ  element_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  purpose_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  takes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   into_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  of_IO  science_NN  to_TO  examine_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  various_JJ  phenomena_NNS  and_CC  decide_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  device_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  data_NNS  loggers_NNS  and_CC  computers_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  straightforward_JJ  engineering_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  circuits_NNS  and_CC  devices_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  to_TO  perform_VV0  the_AT1  various_JJ  specific_JJ  tasks_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  well_RR  understood_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  case_NN  where_CS this_DD1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  completely_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  where_CS extreme_JJ  speed_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  computer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  occurs_VBZ  so_RG  seldom_RR  in_IO  process_NN  control_NN  or_CC  machine_NN  tool_NN  control_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  worth_IO  considering_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  controller_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  element_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  automatic_JJ  control_NN  system_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  controller_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  mechanical_JJ  device_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  applied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  and_CC  changes_VBZ  certain_JJ  parameters_NNS  therein_RR  .  
  controllers_NNS  nowadays_RR  are_VBR  usually_RR  described_VBN  as_IO    three_MC  term_NN    ,_,  meaning_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  proportional_JJ  control_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  control_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  control_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  determined_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  integral_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  .  
  three_MC  term_NN  controllers_NNS  require_VV0  careful_JJ  setting_NN  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  best_JJT  use_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  an_AT1  exhaustive_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  three_MC  term_NN  control_NN  is_VBZ  essential_JJ  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  plant_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  operate_VV0  at_IO  optimum_JJ  efficiency_NN  .  
  the_AT1  necessity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  term_NN  controller_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  mode_NN  of_IO  variation_NN  of_IO  any_DD  particular_JJ  parameter_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  if_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  with_IO  temperature_NN  measurement_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  temperature_NN  should_VM  suddenly_RR  shoot_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  then_RL  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  anticipation_NN  is_VBZ  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  controller_NN  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  should_VM  the_AT1  parameter_NN  vary_VV0  slightly_RR  between_IO  fairly_RR  wide_JJ  limits_NNS  over_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  maintain_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  desired_JJ  value_NN  unless_CS  an_AT1  integral_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  control_NN  system_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  more_RG  complex_JJ  controllers_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  manufactured_VBN  and_CC  may_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  meantime_NN  the_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  change_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  signal_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  integral_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  give_VV0  sufficient_JJ  control_NN  .  
  the_AT1  instrumentation_NN  of_IO  reactors_NNS  and_CC  conventional_JJ  electrical_JJ  power_NN  units_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  coal_NN  or_CC  uranium_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  fuel_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  power_NN  unit_NN  must_VM  always_RR  contain_VV0  certain_JJ  basic_JJ  automatic_JJ  controls_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  moment_NN  the_AT1  output_NN  of_IO  any_DD  station_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  electricity_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  usually_RR  comes_VBZ  from_IO  a_AT1  turbogenerator_NN  .  
  certain_JJ  conventional_JJ  instrumental_JJ  controls_NNS  are_VBR  necessary_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  end_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  increasing_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  reactors_NNS  as_IO  power_NN  producing_JJ  units_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  completely_RR  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  problems_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  posed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  industrial_JJ  instrument_NN  manufacturer_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  such_DA  novel_JJ  parameters_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  neutron_NN  flux_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  reactor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  temperature_NN  has_VHZ  become_VBN  of_IO  major_JJ  importance_NN  .  
  an_AT1  elegant_JJ  solution_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  yet_RR  in_IO  sight_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  reactors_NNS  are_VBR  able_JJ  to_TO  operate_VV0  using_VBG  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  detecting_JJ  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  measure_VV0  temperature_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  outstanding_JJ  problems_NNS  of_IO  reactor_NN  instrumentation_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  flux_NN  of_IO  intermediate_JJ  energy_NN  neutrons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  British_JJ  scientific_JJ  instrument_NN  research_NN  association_NN  began_VVD  an_AT1  investigation_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  some_DD  three_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  so_RG  far_RR  achieved_VBN  are_VBR  promising_JJ  .  
  as_CS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  expected_VBN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  set_JJ  problem_NN  (_(  the_AT1  measurement_NN  of_IO  flux_NN  of_IO  intermediate_JJ  energy_NN  neutrons_NNS  )_)  many_DA  other_DA  problems_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  association_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  solved_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  probable_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  at_IO  present_NN  in_IO  progress_NN  on_IO  new_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  phosphors_NNS  will_VM  result_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  instruments_NNS  becoming_VBG  available_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  reactor_NN  engineer_NN  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  so_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  economics_NN  of_IO  reactor_NN  manufacture_NN  and_CC  operation_NN  will_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  completely_RR  revised_VBN  .  
  power_NN  units_NNS  in_IO  industry_NN  .  
  almost_RR  every_AT1  big_JJ  factory_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  produces_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  steam_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  then_RL  used_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  purposes_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  power_NN  units_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  very_RG  similar_JJ  and_CC  one_MC1  would_VM  expect_VV0  that_CS  their_APP$  instrumentation_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  well_RR  known_VBN  and_CC  well_RR  defined_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  measurement_NN  and_CC  control_NN  of_IO  fuel_NN  ,_,  steam_NN  pressure_NN  ,_,  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  alkalinity_NN  or_CC  acidity_NN  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  other_DA  factors_NNS  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  measured_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  economic_JJ  power_NN  plant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  to_IO  fuel_NN  ratio_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  carbon_NN  monoxide_NN  content_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flue_NN  gases_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  smoke_NN  issuing_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  chimney_NN  must_VM  all_DB  be_VB0  controlled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  almost_RR  every_AT1  factory_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  individual_JJ  system_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  room_NN  here_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  standardisation_NN  and_CC  ,_,  among_IO  smaller_JJ  firms_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  education_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  adequate_JJ  instrumentation_NN  .  
  future_JB  trends_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  matter_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  juncture_NN  to_TO  specify_VV0  the_AT1  future_JB  trends_NNS  of_IO  instrumentation_NN  among_IO  our_APP$  basic_JJ  industries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  well_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  ,_,  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  ,_,  with_IO  those_DD2  matters_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  well_RR  defined_VBN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  large_JJ  chemical_NN  plants_NNS  could_VM  use_VV0  to_IO  advantage_NN  on_IO  line_NN  instruments_NNS  to_TO  perform_VV0  simple_JJ  chemical_JJ  analyses_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  many_DA  cases_NNS  progress_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  detecting_JJ  element_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  successfully_RR  applied_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  another_DD1  trend_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  mentioned_VBN  above_II  is_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  special_JJ  purpose_NN  computer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  general_JJ  purpose_NN  machine_NN  usually_RR  contains_VBZ  much_DA  more_DA  than_CS  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  perform_VV0  its_APP$  operation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  by_IO  cutting_VBG  out_RP  these_DD2  unnecessary_JJ  devices_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  computer_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  an_AT1  economic_JJ  proposition_NN  .  
  this_DD1  trend_NN  is_VBZ  fairly_RR  certain_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  trend_NN  which_DDQ  appears_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  established_VBN  is_VBZ  towards_IO  the_AT1  detecting_JJ  element_NN  having_VHG  an_AT1  electrical_JJ  output_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  will_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  depend_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  equilibrium_NN  constant_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  impurity_NN  when_CS present_JJ  in_IO  low_JJ  concentration_NN  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  solubility_NN  is_VBZ  low_JJ  ,_,  precipitation_NN  may_VM  occur_VV0  before_CS  the_AT1  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  exit_NN  gas_NN  reaches_VBZ  the_AT1  required_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  and_CC  accumulation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impurity_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  solid_NN  will_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  table_NN  3_MC  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  calculations_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  different_JJ  assumed_JJ  concentrations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  inlet_NN  air_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evaporator_NN  for_IO  steady_JJ  state_NN  operation_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  determined_VBN  for_IO  gaseous_JJ  oxygen_NN  production_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  figures_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  concentration_NN  build_NN  up_RP  are_VBR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equilibrium_NN  data_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  are_VBR  uncertain_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  table_NN  does_VBZ  give_VV0  an_AT1  indication_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  magnitude_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  expected_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  where_CS high_JJ  concentrations_NNS  are_VBR  theoretically_RR  possible_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  evaporator_NN  the_AT1  time_NN  required_VBN  to_TO  build_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  may_VM  be_VB0  considerable_JJ  ,_,  thus_RR  easily_RR  allowing_VBG  steps_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  such_DA  accumulations_NNS  occurring_VBG  .  
  before_IO  discussing_VBG  the_AT1  methods_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  adopted_VBN  in_IO  practice_NN  to_TO  achieve_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  consider_VV0  in_IO  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  detail_NN  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  intake_NN  .  
  effect_NN  of_IO  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  feed_NN  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  work_NN  carried_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  recent_JJ  years_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  feed_NN  .  
  not_XX  all_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  convincing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  certain_JJ  aspects_NNS  are_VBR  still_RR  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  clear_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  briefly_RR  review_VV0  available_JJ  information_NN  and_CC  data_NNS  here_RL  .  
  in_IO  considering_VBG  the_AT1  relative_JJ  significance_NN  of_IO  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  ,_,  particularly_RR  hydrocarbons_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  borne_VBN  in_IO  mind_NN  that_CS  small_JJ  concentrations_NNS  of_IO  hydrocarbons_NNS  dissolved_VBN  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  necessarily_RR  present_VV0  a_AT1  hazard_NN  .  
  this_DD1  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  susceptibility_NN  to_IO  detonation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hydrocarbon_NN  solution_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  limits_NNS  .  
  data_NNS  are_VBR  incomplete_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  solutions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  generally_RR  if_CS  the_AT1  percentage_NN  by_IO  weight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hydrocarbon_NN  in_IO  homogeneous_JJ  solution_NN  is_VBZ  less_DA  than_IO  2_MC  %_NNU  ,_,  detonation_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  initiated_VBN  .  
  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  undesirable_JJ  to_TO  operate_VV0  near_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  limit_NN  .  
  light_JJ  hydrocarbons_NNS  ,_,  carbon_NN  monoxide_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hydrogen_NN  .  
  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  C*;1**;_&FO  and_CC  C*;2**;_&FO  hydrocarbons_NNS  such_IO  as_II  methane_NN  ,_,  ethane_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ethylene_NN  ,_,  (_(  but_CCB  excluding_VBG  acetylene_NN  )_)  which_DDQ  have_VH0  relatively_RR  low_JJ  boiling_NN  points_NNS  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  normally_RR  present_VV0  any_DD  hazard_NN  if_CS  present_JJ  as_IO  traces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  intake_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  since_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  appreciably_RR  soluble_JJ  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  equilibrium_NN  constants_NNS  in_IO  admixture_NN  with_IO  this_DD1  are_VBR  relatively_RR  high_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  means_VBZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  not_XX  tend_VV0  to_TO  accumulate_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  to_IO  any_DD  dangerous_JJ  concentration_NN  under_IO  likely_JJ  operating_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  carbon_NN  monoxide_NN  and_CC  hydrogen_NN  in_IO  trace_NN  quantities_NNS  present_VV0  no_AT1  hazard_NN  since_CS  hydrogen_NN  is_VBZ  incondensible_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  temperatures_NNS  involved_VBN  and_CC  is_VBZ  removed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  atmospheric_JJ  inert_JJ  gases_NNS  ,_,  helium_NN  and_CC  neon_NN  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  vent-point_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  carbon_NN  monoxide_NN  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  to_IO  nitrogen_NN  in_IO  properties_NNS  and_CC  is_VBZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  more_RG  volatile_JJ  than_IO  oxygen_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  therefore_RR  presents_VBZ  no_AT1  hazard_NN  in_IO  trace_NN  concentrations_NNS  .  
  higher_JJ  hydrocarbons_NNS  and_CC  acetylenics_NNS  .  
  hydrocarbon_NN  impurities_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  rather_RR  arbitrary_JJ  classification_NN  of_IO  higher_JJ  hydrocarbons_NNS  and_CC  acetylenics_NNS  can_VM  arise_VV0  from_IO  three_MC  possible_JJ  sources_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  is_VBZ  physical_JJ  carry-over_NN  of_IO  hydrocarbon_NN  oil_NN  from_IO  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  oil-lubricated_JJ  expansion_NN  engine_NN  .  
  this_DD1  can_VM  accumulate_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  solid_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  unless_CS  provision_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  design_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  occurrence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  source_NN  is_VBZ  from_IO  atmospheric_JJ  contamination_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  is_VBZ  oxidation_NN  or_CC  thermal_JJ  cracking_NN  of_IO  compressor_NN  lubricating_JJ  oils_NNS  where_CS a_AT1  reciprocating_JJ  compressor_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  relatively_RR  low_JJ  interstage_JB  pressure_NN  ratios_NNS  (_(  3/1_MC  or_CC  less_DA  )_)  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  lubricating_JJ  oils_NNS  of_IO  high_JJ  stability_NN  ,_,  contamination_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  source_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  reduced_VBN  to_IO  very_RG  small_JJ  proportions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  problem_NN  does_VBZ  not_XX  arise_VV0  with_IO  turbocompressors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  higher_JJ  hydrocarbons_NNS  and_CC  acetylenics_NNS  have_VH0  low_JJ  vapour_NN  pressures_NNS  at_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  temperature_NN  and_CC  are_VBR  ,_,  therefore_RR  relatively_RR  non-volatile_JJ  .  
  when_CS combined_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  solubility_NN  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  acetylene_NN  ,_,  accumulation_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  precipitated_JJ  solid_NN  can_VM  occur_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  for_IO  this_DD1  reason_NN  that_CS  acetylene_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  dangerous_JJ  of_IO  hydrocarbon_NN  contaminants_NNS  .  
  its_APP$  solubility_NN  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  normal_JJ  boiling_NN  point_NN  is_VBZ  approximately_RR  6_MC  parts_NNS  per_IO  million_MC  and_CC  its_APP$  k-value_NN  (_(  defined_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  ratio_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mol-fraction_NN  of_IO  hydrocarbon_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  phase_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  mol-fraction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  liquid_JJ  phase_NN  under_IO  equilibrium_NN  conditions_NNS  )_)  is_VBZ  between_IO  1/15_MC  and_CC  1/70_MC  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  data_NNS  used_VBN  ,_,  for_IO  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  conditions_NNS  .  
  whilst_CS  solid_JJ  acetylene_NN  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  more_RG  stable_JJ  than_CS  usually_RR  realised_VBN  ,_,  when_CS mixed_VBN  with_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  detonated_VBN  relatively_RR  easily_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  shown_VBN  that_CS  when_CS a_AT1  solid_JJ  acetylene_NN  /_CC  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  mixture_NN  contains_VBZ  fine_JJ  inert_JJ  solid_JJ  particles_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  susceptibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mixture_NN  to_IO  detonation_NN  as_CS  measured_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  impact_NN  sensitivity_NN  test_NN  is_VBZ  high_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  also_RR  been_VBN  stated_VBN  by_IO  Karwat_NP  that_CS  an_AT1  incrustation_NN  of_IO  solid_JJ  acetylene_NN  on_IO  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  tubes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  wetted_VBN  by_IO  splashing_VBG  with_IO  liquid_NN  ,_,  represents_VBZ  a_AT1  particularly_RR  dangerous_JJ  condition_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  whilst_CS  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  acetylene_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  accumulate_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  may_VM  not_XX  always_RR  in_IO  itself_PPX1  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  a_AT1  serious_JJ  explosion_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  act_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  trigger_NN  or_CC  detonator_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  explosion_NN  of_IO  larger_JJ  amounts_NNS  of_IO  carbonaceous_JJ  material_NN  if_CS  these_DD2  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  accumulate_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  interesting_JJ  to_TO  note_VV0  that_CS  recently_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  pointed_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  Karwat_NP  that_CS  propane_NN  may_VM  ,_,  under_IO  certain_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  present_VV0  a_AT1  rather_RR  greater_JJ  hazard_NN  than_CS  has_VHZ  perhaps_RR  hitherto_RR  been_VBN  recognised_VBN  ,_,  mainly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  although_CS  its_APP$  solubility_NN  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  is_VBZ  relatively_RR  high_JJ  (_(  circa_RR  50000_MC  parts_NNS  per_IO  million_MC  of_IO  oxygen_NN  )_)  its_APP$  equilibrium_NN  constant_NN  is_VBZ  very_RG  low_JJ  .  
  even_RR  traces_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  feed_NN  can_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  accumulate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  unless_CS  removed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  higher_JJ  molecular_JJ  weight_NN  hydrocarbons_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  normally_RR  cause_VV0  appreciable_JJ  difficulty_NN  because_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  almost_RR  completely_RR  non-volatile_JJ  at_IO  low_JJ  temperatures_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  removed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  purification_NN  or_CC  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  .  
  non-hydrocarbon_JB  impurities_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  non-hydrocarbon_JB  impurities_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  pass_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  and_CC  initial_JJ  purification_NN  on_IO  air_NN  separation_NN  plants_NNS  are_VBR  nitrous_JJ  oxide_NN  ,_,  ozone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  oxides_NNS  of_IO  nitrogen_NN  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  nitric_JJ  oxide_NN  .  
  these_DD2  impurities_NNS  will_VM  also_RR  tend_VV0  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  ,_,  in_RR  particular_RR  nitrous_JJ  oxide_NN  because_IO  of_II  its_APP$  low_JJ  equilibrium_NN  constant_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  low_JJ  solubility_NN  (_(  circa_RR  100_MC  \0v.p.m_NNU  )_)  and_CC  there_EX  have_VH0  been_VBN  suggestions_NNS  that_CS  mixed_JJ  crystals_NNS  of_IO  nitrous_JJ  oxide_NN  and_CC  acetylene_NN  may_VM  form_VV0  from_IO  saturated_JJ  solutions_NNS  arising_VBG  in_IO  air_NN  separation_NN  plants_NNS  which_DDQ  can_VM  be_VB0  easily_RR  detonated_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  acetylene_NN  content_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mixed_JJ  crystals_NNS  is_VBZ  high_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  whilst_CS  fully_RR  conclusive_JJ  evidence_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  available_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  indications_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  ozone_NN  or_CC  oxides_NNS  of_IO  nitrogen_NN  ,_,  (_(  or_CC  both_DB2  )_)  in_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  acetylene_NN  or_CC  other_DA  hydrocarbons_NNS  may_VM  increase_VV0  the_AT1  susceptibility_NN  to_IO  explosion_NN  .  
  further_JB  information_NN  is_VBZ  required_VBN  to_TO  elucidate_VV0  fully_RR  the_AT1  possible_JJ  role_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  contaminants_NNS  .  
  solid_JJ  particles_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  factor_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  always_RR  mentioned_VBN  when_CS discussing_VBG  the_AT1  safety_NN  of_IO  air_NN  separation_NN  plants_NNS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  strict_JJ  cleanliness_NN  during_IO  plant_NN  assembly_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  introduction_NN  anywhere_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  temperature_NN  system_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  carbonaceous_JJ  material_NN  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  carbonaceous_JJ  dust_NN  ,_,  cloth_NN  fibres_NNS  \0etc_RR  ,_,  since_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  constitute_VV0  a_AT1  hazard_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  accumulate_VV0  in_IO  sufficient_JJ  quantity_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  point_NN  where_CS a_AT1  high_JJ  oxygen_NN  concentration_NN  exists_VBZ  .  
  safety_NN  measures_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  now_RL  briefly_RR  review_VV0  the_AT1  various_JJ  methods_NNS  which_DDQ  have_VH0  been_VBN  or_CC  are_VBR  used_VBN  to_TO  control_VV0  impurity_NN  build_NN  up_RP  in_IO  air_NN  separation_NN  plants_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  important_JJ  to_TO  stress_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  protection_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  employed_VBN  may_VM  frequently_RR  be_VB0  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  contamination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  vicinity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  purification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  entering_VBG  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  method_NN  ,_,  if_CS  practicable_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  eliminate_VV0  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  entering_VBG  the_AT1  air_NN  separation_NN  unit_NN  .  
  one_MC1  approach_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  problem_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  catalytic_JJ  purifiers_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  compressor_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  compression_NN  is_VBZ  used_VBN  ,_,  partly_RR  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  to_TO  raise_VV0  the_AT1  air_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  temperature_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  hydrocarbon_NN  impurities_NNS  present_JJ  can_VM  be_VB0  catalytically_RR  oxidised_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  installation_NN  in_IO  America_NP  a_AT1  Hopcalite_NP  catalyst_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  used_VBN  .  
  whilst_CS  for_IO  heavily_RR  contaminated_VBN  atmospheres_NNS  this_DD1  initial_JJ  purification_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  advantages_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  relatively_RR  costly_JJ  and_CC  also_RR  will_VM  not_XX  completely_RR  remove_VV0  all_DB  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  which_DDQ  will_VM  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  require_VV0  treatment_NN  and_CC  removal_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  later_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  a_AT1  further_JB  disadvantage_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  used_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  reciprocating_JJ  compressor_NN  ,_,  oil_NN  contamination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  catalyst_NN  and_CC  loss_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  can_VM  occur_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  used_VBN  directly_RR  after_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  compression_NN  stages_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  different_JJ  method_NN  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  contamination_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  intake_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  in_IO  industrialised_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  alternative_JJ  suction_NN  lines_NNS  ,_,  sometimes_RR  of_IO  considerable_JJ  length_NN  ,_,  leading_VBG  outside_IO  the_AT1  contaminated_JJ  area_NN  .  
  these_DD2  may_VM  be_VB0  changed_VBN  over_RP  depending_VBG  on_IO  wind_NN  direction_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  intensity_NN  of_IO  local_JJ  contamination_NN  .  
  this_DD1  again_RR  does_VBZ  not_XX  eliminate_VV0  contamination_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  reduce_VV0  it_PPH1  appreciably_RR  .  
  removal_NN  of_IO  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  .  
  the_AT1  removal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  less_RG  volatile_JJ  trace_NN  constituents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air-feed_NN  can_VM  take_VV0  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  to_IO  some_DD  extent_NN  depending_VBG  on_IO  their_APP$  concentration_NN  ,_,  physical_JJ  properties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  air_NN  pressure_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  using_VBG  regenerators_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  air_NN  is_VBZ  cooled_VBN  at_IO  approximately_RR  5_MC  \0atm_NNU  \0abs_NNU  almost_RR  to_IO  its_APP$  dew_NN  point_NN  (_(  approximately_RR  -173_MC  *@_NNU  \0C_NP  )_)  ,_,  acetylene_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  condensed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  regenerator_NN  packing_NN  and_CC  resublimed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  nitrogen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  cooling_NN  cycle_NN  if_CS  the_AT1  concentration_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  inlet_NN  air_NN  exceeds_VBZ  approximately_RR  0.6_MC  \0v.p.m_NNU  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  safeguard_NN  of_IO  such_DA  plants_NNS  .  
  in_IO  plants_NNS  operating_VBG  with_IO  higher_JJ  pressures_NNS  ,_,  \0e.g_RR  fluid-producing_JJ  plants_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  superimposed_JJ  air_NN  pressure_NN  in_IO  raising_VBG  the_AT1  vapour_NN  pressure_NN  of_IO  condensible_JJ  impurities_NNS  reduces_VBZ  ,_,  or_CC  may_VM  eliminate_VV0  the_AT1  possible_JJ  deposition_NN  of_IO  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  exchanger_NN  system_NN  .  
  removal_NN  at_IO  low_JJ  temperatures_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  simplest_JJT  methods_NNS  of_IO  reducing_VBG  the_AT1  build-up_NN  of_IO  contaminants_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  evaporator_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  crucial_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  to_TO  provide_VV0  a_AT1  continuous_JJ  purge_NN  of_IO  liquid_NN  .  
  this_DD1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  practised_VBN  since_IO  early_JJ  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  itself_PPX1  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  entirely_RR  satisfactory_JJ  operation_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  palliative_JJ  ,_,  can_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  misapplied_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  not_XX  operated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  also_RR  imposes_VBZ  an_AT1  additional_JJ  refrigeration_NN  load_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  liquid_NN  withdrawn_VBN  and_CC  rejected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  step_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  use_VV0  an_AT1  additional_JJ  small_JJ  condenser_NN  built_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  plant_NN  condenser_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  operated_VBN  in_IO  series_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  oxygen_NN  flow_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  basic_JJ  elements_NNS  are_VBR  shown_VBN  in_IO  \0fig_NN  4_MC  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  purge_NN  was_VBDZ  led_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  additional_JJ  condenser_NN  and_CC  rejected_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  net_JB  result_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  relatively_RR  large_JJ  purge_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  plant_NN  condenser_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  appreciable_JJ  accumulation_NN  of_IO  impurities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  additional_JJ  condenser_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  small_JJ  and_CC  suitably_RR  protected_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  if_CS  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  explosion_NN  should_VM  occur_VV0  ,_,  relatively_RR  little_DA  damage_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  .  
  whilst_CS  the_AT1  above_JB  arrangement_NN  together_RR  with_IO  correct_JJ  condenser_NN  design_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  largely_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tendency_NN  today_NN1  is_VBZ  undoubtedly_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  adsorption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  impurities_NNS  from_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  more_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  streams_NNS  .  
  silica_NN  gel_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  adsorbent_NN  commonly_RR  used_VBN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  places_NNS  at_IO  which_DDQ  one_MC1  can_VM  apply_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  clean-up_JB  system_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  briefly_RR  mentioned_VBN  .  
  \0fig_NN  5_MC  shows_VBZ  a_AT1  hypothetical_JJ  and_CC  simplified_JJ  plant_NN  flow_NN  diagram_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  various_JJ  positions_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  such_DA  adsorbers_NNS  can_VM  be_VB0  used_VBN  is_VBZ  indicated_VBN  .  
  for_IO  illustration_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  plant_NN  cycle_NN  shown_VBN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  low_JJ  pressure_NN  plant_NN  using_VBG  regenerators_NNS  and_CC  producing_VBG  gaseous_JJ  oxygen_NN  .  
  adsorption_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  phase_NN  at_IO  or_CC  near_IO  the_AT1  saturation_NN  temperature_NN  has_VHZ  attractions_NNS  and_CC  silica_NN  gel_NN  adsorbers_NNS  placed_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  regenerators_NNS  on_IO  low_JJ  pressure_NN  plants_NNS  provide_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  effective_JJ  clean_NN  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  adsorbers_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  large_JJ  and_CC  relatively_RR  costly_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  when_CS a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  impurities_NNS  are_VBR  present_JJ  on_IO  their_APP$  individual_JJ  adsorptive_JJ  capacities_NNS  under_IO  dynamic_JJ  conditions_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  \0i.e_RR  the_AT1  occurrence_NN  of_IO  sorption_NN  displacement_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  Karwat_NP  showed_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  solution_NN  in_IO  liquid_JJ  oxygen_NN  trace_NN  impurities_NNS  reached_VVD  their_APP$    break_NN  point_NN    in_IO  a_AT1  silica_NN  gel_NN  adsorber_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  ethane_NN  /_CC  propane_NN  /_CC  nitrous_JJ  oxide_NN  +_&FO  ethylene_NN  /_CC  carbon_NN  dioxide_NN  /_CC  propylene_NN  and_CC  acetylene_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  gas_NN  phase_NN  adsorbers_NNS  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  break_NN  through_RP  was_VBDZ  ethane_NN  /_CC  ethylene_NN  and_CC  nitrous_JJ  oxide_NN  /_CC  propane_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  acetylene_NN  and_CC  propylene_NN  .  
  another_DD1  generalization_NN  presented_VBN  in_IO  chapter_NN  6_MC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  technique_NN  to_IO  large_JJ  structural_JJ  assemblies_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  provide_VV0  also_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  interaction_NN  or_CC  external_JJ  redundancies_NNS  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  practical_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cut-out_NN  technique_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  discussed_VBN  in_IO  connexion_NN  with_IO  windows_NNS  ,_,  doors_NNS  ,_,  wing-fuselage_JB  interpenetrations_NNS  ,_,  floors_NNS  ,_,  partial_JJ  removals_NNS  of_IO  rings_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  consider_VV0  the_AT1  cut-out_NN  process_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  general_JJ  modification_NN  technique_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  usually_RR  our_APP$  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  presentation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  theory_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  also_RR  mention_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  essential_JJ  difference_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  cut-out_NN  and_CC  modification_NN  techniques_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  practical_JJ  application_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  immediately_RR  evident_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  apply_VV0  these_DD2  respective_JJ  procedures_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  elements_NNS  which_DDQ  may_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  sub-system_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  flexibilities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sub-system_NN  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  modified_VBN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  include_VV0  all_DB  stresses_NNS  specified_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  elements_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  altered_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  matrix_NN  b*;1h**;_&FO  and_CC  other_DA  relevant_JJ  matrices_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sub-systems_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  if_CS  we_PPIS2  wish_VV0  to_TO  eliminate_VV0  the_AT1  sub-system_NN  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  may_VM  achieve_VV0  its_APP$  effective_JJ  removal_NN  by_IO  detaching_VBG  it_PPH1  along_IO  its_APP$  boundary_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  parent_NN  regularized_JJ  structure_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  only_RR  a_AT1  statically_RR  determinate_JJ  connexion_NN  .  
  hence_RR  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  approach_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  actually_RR  cut_VV0  only_RR  the_AT1  redundant_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  connexion_NN  without_IO  having_VHG  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  to_TO  break_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  internally_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  itself_PPX1  redundant_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  legitimate_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  internal_JJ  eliminations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  extends_VBZ  inevitably_RR  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  work_NN  involved_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  order_NN  of_IO  magnitude_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matrix_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  inverted_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  on_IO  no_AT1  account_NN  can_VM  we_PPIS2  cut_VV0  beyond_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  for_CS  we_PPIS2  would_VM  then_RL  create_VV0  a_AT1  kinematic_JJ  mechanism_NN  which_DDQ  means_VBZ  mathematically_RR  linearly_RR  dependent_JJ  rows_NNS  in_IO  b*;1h**;_&FO  and_CC  a_AT1  consequent_JJ  singularity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  process_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  sub-systems_NNS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  unique_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  cut-outs_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  furthermore_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  unique_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  cut-outs_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  may_VM  achieve_VV0  a_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  eliminations_NNS  by_IO  removing_VBG  only_RR  the_AT1  redundancies_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  boundary_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  may_VM  reach_VV0  a_AT1  maximum_NN  of_IO  eliminations_NNS  by_IO  cutting_VBG  also_RR  the_AT1  internal_JJ  redundancies_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  subtle_JJ  considerations_NNS  are_VBR  dealt_VBN  with_IO  in_IO  great_JJ  detail_NN  in_IO  section_NN  36_MC  and_CC  illustrated_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  range_NN  of_IO  examples_NNS  showing_VBG  the_AT1  alternative_JJ  ways_NNS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  view_VV0  and_CC  solve_VV0  these_DD2  problems_NNS  .  
  prior_RR  to_IO  this_DD1  we_PPIS2  summarize_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reader_NN  in_IO  section_NN  35_MC  the_AT1  basic_JJ  theory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  modification_NN  and_CC  cut-out_NN  procedures_NNS  as_CS  developed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  sections_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  book_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  this_DD1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  generalize_VV0  slightly_RR  the_AT1  presentation_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  joint_JB  account_NN  of_IO  theory_NN  and_CC  solutions_NNS  to_IO  specimen_NN  problems_NNS  will_VM  contribute_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  deepening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cut-out_NN  technique_NN  and_CC  of_IO  its_APP$  applications_NNS  to_IO  practical_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  concluding_JJ  section_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  generalizes_VBZ  the_AT1  matrix_NN  programme_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  bending_NN  moments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  rings_NNS  put_VBN  forward_RR  in_IO  section_NN  12_MC  .  
  the_AT1  reader_NN  will_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  method_NN  given_VBN  there_RL  ignored_VVD  any_DD  discontinuity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bending_NN  moments_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  vertices_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  too_RG  rough_JJ  approximation_NN  when_CS large_JJ  loads_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  at_IO  wing_NN  fuselage_NN  attachments_NNS  )_)  are_VBR  applied_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  external_JJ  vertices_NNS  or_CC  other_DA  points_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  simple_JJ  theory_NN  is_VBZ  developed_VBN  in_IO  section_NN  37_MC  .  
  33_MC  .  
  techniques_NNS  to_TO  improve_VV0  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  matrix_NN  .  
  first_RR  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  apology_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  mathematically_RR  more_RG  knowledgeable_JJ  readers_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  only_RR  too_RG  conscious_JJ  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  repeated_JJ  references_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  D_ZZ1  matrix_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  imprecise_JJ  language_NN  ,_,  not_XX  having_VHG  really_RR  defined_VBN  mathematically_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  mean_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  linear_JJ  equations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  redundancies_NNS  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  our_APP$  whole_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  of_IO  applying_VBG  the_AT1  terminologies_NNS  well-_NC2  or_CC  ill-conditioned_NC2  as_IO  qualitative_JJ  terms_NNS  of_IO  praise_NN  or_CC  abuse_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  equations_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  ill-conditioning_NN  can_VM  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  expressed_VBN  by_IO  various_JJ  mathematical_JJ  measures_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  these_DD2  precise_JJ  measures_NNS  involve_VV0  as_RG  long_JJ  computations_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  itself_PPX1  of_IO  the_AT1  simultaneous_JJ  equations_NNS  and_CC  are_VBR  not_XX  ,_,  hence_RR  ,_,  very_RG  useful_JJ  in_IO  practice_NN  for_IO  giving_VBG  advance_JB  warning_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  refer_VV0  the_AT1  interested_JJ  reader_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  of_IO  Todd_NP  ,_,  Turing_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Johannes_NP  von_&FW  Neumann_NP  cum_&FW  Goldstine_NP  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  relatively_RR  simple_JJ  rule_NN  that_CS  ill_JJ  conditioning_NN  is_VBZ  present_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  determinant_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  small_JJ  (_(  more_RG  precisely_RR  we_PPIS2  should_VM  state_VV0  that_CS  **[formula**]_&FO  is_VBZ  small_JJ  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  individual_JJ  terms_NNS  of_IO  expansion_NN  of_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  in_IO  the_AT1  co-factors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  elements_NNS  of_IO  any_DD  chosen_JJ  row_NN  or_CC  column_NN  )_)  is_VBZ  not_XX  of_IO  much_DA  value_NN  in_IO  computational_JJ  work_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  in_IO  structural_JJ  problems_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  adopt_VV0  a_AT1  simple_JJ  measure_NN  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  practical_JJ  purposes_NNS  .  
  to_TO  fix_VV0  ideas_NNS  ,_,  consider_VV0  a_AT1  fuselage_NN  with_IO  two_MC  bays_NNS  where_CS only_RR  one_MC1  set_NN  of_IO  primary_JJ  redundancies_NNS  Y_ZZ1  arises_VBZ  at_IO  the_AT1  intermediate_JJ  frame_NN  station_NN  .  
  having_VHG  introduced_VBN    for_IO  reasons_NNS  connected_VBN  exclusively_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  digital_JJ  computer_NN    the_AT1  inversion_NN  technique_NN  of_IO  \0Eqs_NNS  (_(  4_MC  ,_,  21_MC  ,_,  44_MC  )_)  for_IO  the_AT1  direct_JJ  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  b*;1l**;_&FO  ,_,  b*;1q**;_&FO  matrices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  hence_RR  also_RR  of_IO  b*;1r**;_&FO  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  necessarily_RR  faced_VBN  with_IO  self-equilibrating_JJ  systems_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  spread_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  cross-section_NN  or_CC  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  over_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  (_(  outer_JB  )_)  periphery_NN  .  
  to_TO  express_VV0  then_RL  with_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  accuracy_NN  (_(  from_IO  the_AT1  practical_JJ  computational_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  which_DDQ  interests_VBZ  us_PPIO2   )_)  any_DD  arbitrary_JJ  self-equilibrating_JJ  stress_NN  system_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  b*;1l**;_&FO  ,_,  b*;1q**;_&FO  ,_,  b*;1r**;_&FO  distributions_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mandatory_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  columns_NNS  of_IO  these_DD2  matrices_NNS    each_DD1  of_IO  which_DDQ  corresponds_VBZ  to_IO  a_AT1  redundancy_NN    be_VB0  not_XX  even_RR  remotely_RR  linearly_RR  dependent_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  evidently_RR  achieved_VBN  when_CS the_AT1  flange_NN  loads_NNS  ,_,  field_NN  forces_NNS  and_CC  ring_NN  bending_NN  moments_NNS  due_JJ  to_IO  Y_ZZ1  exhibit_VV0  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  waviness_NN  with_IO  increasing_JJ  order_NN  of_IO  redundancy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  search_NN  for_IO  such_DA  distributions_NNS  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  inevitably_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  selection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trigonometrical_JJ  matrix_NN  O*;l**;_&FO  as_IO  a_AT1  transformation_NN  matrix_NN  A*;l**;_&FO  defining_VBG  the_AT1  redundancies_NNS  .  
  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  from_IO  chapter_NN  4_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  other_DA  similar_JJ  computations_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  appears_VBZ  that_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  cross-sections_NNS  commonly_RR  occurring_VBG  in_IO  practice_NN  the_AT1  flange_NN  loads_NNS  and_CC  field_NN  forces_NNS  based_VVD  on_IO  O*;l**;_&FO  do_VD0  indeed_RR  retain_VV0  the_AT1  full_JJ  waviness_NN  of_IO  O*;l**;_&FO  ,_,  although_CS  naturally_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  any_RG  longer_RRR  orthogonal_JJ  as_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  uniform_JJ  circular_JJ  cylinder_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  rings_NNS  or_CC  frames_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  rigid_JJ  this_DD1  characteristic_JJ  waviness_NN  would_VM  ensure_VV0  the_AT1  precise_JJ  determination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  redundancies_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  then_RL  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  associated_JJ  equations_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  conditioned_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  associated_JJ  matrix_NN  D*;yy**;_&FO    which_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  case_NN  where_CS D*;yyr**;_&FO  is_VBZ  zero_MC  reduces_VBZ  to_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  we_PPIS2  observe_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  diagonal_JJ  terms_NNS  d*;ii**;_&FO  must_VM  be_VB0  strongly_RR  preponderant_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  non-diagonal_JJ  d*;ij**;_&FO  being_VBG  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  the_AT1  better_JJ  the_AT1  waviness_NN  of_IO  O*;l**;_&FO  is_VBZ  retained_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  possible_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  some_DD  measure_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  degree_NN  of_IO  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  **[formula**]_&FO  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  generalization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  simple_JJ  requirement_NN  usually_RR  quoted_VBN  for_IO  2_MC  x_IO  2_MC  matrices_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  strictly_RR  mathematical_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  inequality_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  defined_VBN  more_RG  rigorously_RR  to_TO  express_VV0  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  condition_NN  theoretically_RR  acceptable_JJ  ;_;  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  necessary_JJ  prerequisite_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  conditioning_NN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  for_IO  us_PPIO2   engineers_NNS  the_AT1  relation_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  yields_VBZ  for_IO  structural_JJ  matrices_NNS  a_AT1  sufficient_JJ  measure_NN  for_IO  satisfactory_JJ  conditioning_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  interpolate_VV0  here_RL  in_IO  our_APP$  main_JB  argument_NN  and_CC  refer_VV0  briefly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  establishing_VBG  systems_NNS  of_IO  redundancies_NNS  previously_RR  advocated_VBN  by_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  \0Ref_NN  (_(  30_MC  )_)  .  
  contrary_JJ  to_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  put_VV0  forward_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  treatise_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  suggested_VVD  there_RL  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  advantageous_JJ  to_TO  select_VV0  systems_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  distinctly_RR  local_JJ  character_NN  .  
  clearly_RR  then_RL  condition_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  still_RR  holds_VBZ  and_CC  is_VBZ  the_AT1  better_RRR  satisfied_VBN  the_AT1  less_DA  overlapping_NN  there_EX  is_VBZ  between_IO  the_AT1  self-equilibrating_JJ  systems_NNS  .  
  for_IO  reasons_NNS  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  and_CC  subsequently_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  preferred_VVD  here_RL  the_AT1  method_NN  of_IO  direct_JJ  inversion_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  determination_NN  of_IO  b*;1**;_&FO  .  
  considering_VBG  next_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  realistic_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  fuselages_NNS  with_IO  rings_NNS  of_IO  finite_JJ  stiffness_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  matrix_NN  D*;yyr**;_&FO  becomes_VBZ  of_IO  paramount_JJ  importance_NN  (_(  this_DD1  being_VBG  at_RR  least_RR  so_PN1  for_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  order_NN  redundancies_NNS  )_)  and_CC  \0Eq_NN  (_(  1_MC1  )_)  must_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  as_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  we_PPIS2  noted_VVD  in_IO  chapter_NN  5_MC  that_CS  the_AT1  internal_JJ  ring_NN  forces_NNS  b*;1r**;_&FO  are_VBR  much_RR  more_RG  prone_JJ  to_TO  lose_VV0  their_APP$  full_JJ  waviness_NN  when_CS the_AT1  cross-section_NN  departs_VBZ  significantly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  circular_JJ  shape_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  such_DA  instances_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  off-diagonal_JJ  terms_NNS  d*;ijr**;_&FO  (_(  elements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  matrix_NN  D*;r**;_&FO  )_)  may_VM  become_VV0  of_IO  similar_JJ  order_NN  to_IO  d*;iir**;_&FO  and/or_CC  d*;jjr**;_&FO  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  conditioning_NN  ,_,  \0Eq_NN  (_(  2_MC  )_)  ,_,  will_VM  consequently_RR  deteriorate_VV0  and_CC  yield_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  extreme_JJ  cases_NNS  of_IO  severe_JJ  loss_NN  of_IO  waviness_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  positive_JJ  value_NN  only_RR  slightly_RR  above_IO  zero_MC  (_(  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  never_RR  become_VBN  negative_JJ  in_IO  structural_JJ  problems_NNS  )_)  .  
  such_DA  unfavourable_JJ  conditions_NNS  may_VM  prevail_VV0  only_RR  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  isolated_JJ  spots_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  D*;yy**;_&FO  matrix_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  observed_VVD  in_IO  chapter_NN  5_MC  ,_,  \0p_NN  195_MC  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  seem_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  experience_NN  ,_,  to_TO  affect_VV0  appreciably_RR  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  ,_,  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  these_DD2    Scho"nheitsfehler_&FW    are_VBR  within_IO  **[formula**]_&FO  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  as_CS  these_DD2  unfavourable_JJ  patches_NNS  spread_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  solution_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  equations_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  redundancies_NNS  becomes_VBZ  increasingly_RR  inaccurate_JJ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  limited_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  digits_NNS  available_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  accumulation_NN  of_IO  errors_NNS  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  all_DB  methods_NNS  of_IO  inversion_NN  or_CC  direct_JJ  solution_NN  of_IO  equations_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  equally_RR  sensitive_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  danger_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  specific_JJ  case_NN  .  
  although_CS  such_DA  pronounced_JJ  ill-conditioning_NN  should_VM  not_XX  often_RR  occur_VV0  in_IO  practice_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  remains_VBZ  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  even_CS  if_CS  remote_JJ  possibility_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  thinking_VBG  here_RL  of_IO  double_JJ  cell_NN  cross-sections_NNS  with_IO  doubly-connected_JB  rings_NNS  of_IO  unfavourable_JJ  shape_NN    for_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  symmetrical_JJ  higher_JJ  modes_NNS  deteriorates_VBZ  rapidly_RR    and_CC  the_AT1  rather_RR  box-like_JJ  cross-sections_NNS  of_IO  fuselages_NNS  specially_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  bulky_JJ  loads_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  unavoidably_RR  superficial_JJ  account_NN  leaves_VBZ  many_DA  extremely_RR  difficult_JJ  questions_NNS  unanswered_JJ  ;_;  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  precise_JJ  or_CC  statistical_JJ  correlation_NN  between_IO  order_NN  and_CC  spread_NN  of_IO  bad_JJ  patches_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  loss_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  accuracy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  solution_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  must_VM  unfortunately_RR  be_VB0  ignored_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  practical_JJ  point_NN  concerns_VBZ  the_AT1  acceptable_JJ  degree_NN  of_IO  inaccuracy_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  solution_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  such_DA  or_CC  other_DA  causes_NNS  of_IO  errors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  practising_JJ  engineer_NN  may_VM  often_RR  ,_,  and_CC  rightly_RR  so_PN1  ,_,  consider_VV0  a_AT1  solution_NN  as_CS  satisfactory_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  to_IO  us_PPIO2   primarily_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  instance_NN  to_TO  develop_VV0  new_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  appear_VV0  unacceptable_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  referred_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  issue_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  chapter_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  discussed_VVD  the_AT1  application_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  four-flange_JB  systems_NNS  as_IO  redundancies_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  stated_VBN  there_RL  and_CC  here_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  reject_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  utilitarian_JJ  outlook_NN  and_CC  seek_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  system_NN  of_IO  redundancies_NNS  even_RR  better_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  based_VBN  on_IO  O*;l**;_&FO  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  should_VM  prove_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  quite_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  purely_RR  technical_JJ  reasons_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  demand_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  original_JJ  method_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  perfectionism_NN    a_AT1  close_JJ  companion_NN  of_IO  any_DD  intense_JJ  research_NN  activity_NN    which_DDQ  induces_VBZ  us_PPIO2   to_TO  search_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  appropriate_JJ  transformation_NN  matrix_NN  A*;l**;_&FO  .  
  before_CS  we_PPIS2  proceed_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  question_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  first_RR  conclude_VV0  the_AT1  bird's_NN1$  eye_NN  view_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  theme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  discussion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  paragraphs_NNS  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  matrix_NN  D_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  redundancies_NNS  Y*;a**;_&FO  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  fuselage_NN  extends_VBZ  over_IO  more_DA  than_IO  two_MC  bays_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  arises_VBZ  at_IO  each_DD1  intermediate_JJ  frame_NN  station_NN  i_ZZ1  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  redundancies_NNS  Y*;i**;_&FO  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  that_CS  our_APP$  previous_JJ  account_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  applicable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  submatrices_NNS  D*;ii**;_&FO  in_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  diagonal_NN  of_IO  D*;yy**;_&FO  .  
  we_PPIS2  denote_VV0  the_AT1  conditioning_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  matrices_NNS  as_CS  peripheral_JJ  to_TO  differentiate_VV0  from_IO  another_DD1  type_NN  presently_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  mentioned_VBN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leading_JJ  diagonal_JJ  submatrices_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  achieved_VBN  this_DD1  will_VM  also_RR  apply_VV0  ,_,  in_RR  general_RR  ,_,  to_IO  each_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  submatrices_NNS  (_(  in_IO  the_AT1  secondary_JJ  diagonals_NNS  )_)  of_IO  the_AT1  five-band_JB  supermatrix_NN  D*;yy**;_&FO  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  violent_JJ  change_NN  of_IO  cross-section_NN  could_VM  ,_,  in_IO  extremis_NN  ,_,  give_VV0  rise_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  significant_JJ  ill-conditioning_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  submatrices_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  overall_JB  conditioning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  complete_JJ  D*;yy**;_&FO  matrix_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  possible_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  ill-conditioning_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  looked_VBN  for_IO  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  off-diagonal_JJ  submatrices_NNS  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  D*;i_&FO  ,_,  i+1**;_&FO  (_(  or_CC  D*;i_&FO  ,_,  i+2**;_&FO  )_)  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  coupling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sets_NNS  Y*;i**;_&FO  and_CC  Y*;i+1**;_&FO  (_(  or_CC  Y*;i+2**;_&FO  )_)  were_VBDR  proportional_JJ  to_IO  D*;ii**;_&FO  ,_,  the_AT1  proportionality_NN  factor_NN  being_VBG  only_RR  slightly_RR  smaller_JJ  than_IO  unity_NN  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  evident_JJ  from_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  said_VVD  previously_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  peripheral_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  conditioning_NN  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  new_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  ill-conditioning_NN  ,_,  conveniently_RR  denoted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  longitudinal_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  could_VM  originate_VV0  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  sure_JJ  you_PPY  're_VBR  quite_RR  fit_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  terrible_JJ  weather_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  round_RP  to_TO  face_VV0  his_APP$  colleague_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  esoteric_JJ  reason_NN  Fairbanks_NP  always_RR  completed_VVD  the_AT1  buttoning_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  flies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  .  
    good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  Harold_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  pretty_RR  chipper_JJ  ,_,  thanks_NNS  ,_,  considering_II  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  of_IO  fanatical_JJ  neatness_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  remaining_JJ  hair_NN  snowy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  cropped_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  Prussian's_NNP$  .  
  his_APP$  white_JJ  shirt_NN  cuffs_NNS  were_VBDR  actually_RR  starched_VBN  :_:  he_PPHO1  protruded_VVD  from_IO  them_PPHO1  his_APP$  surprisingly_RR  thick_JJ  and_CC  hairy_JJ  wrists_NNS  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  wash_VV0  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  a_AT1  good_JJ  hard_JJ  frost_NN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  clear_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  tubes_NNS  .  
  much_RR  better_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  than_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  .    
    good_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Colmore_NP  .  
    excellent_JJ  .    
  Fairbanks_NP  hummed_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  bars_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  voice_NN  made_VBN  resonant_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  weakness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  Colmore_NP  was_VBDZ  ready_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  delayed_VVD  his_APP$  departure_NN  ,_,  as_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS dare_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  to_IO  bed_NN  early_RR  for_IO  fear_NN  of_IO  missing_VBG  some_DD  wholly_RR  unanticipated_JJ  but_CCB  remotely_RR  possible_JJ  event_NN  of_IO  absorbing_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  clothes_NNS  brush_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  little_JJ  conference_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Fairbanks_NP  .  
    ten-thirty_MC  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wait_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  reply_NN  .  
    get_VV0  \0J.D_NP  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .    
  \0J.D_NP  was_VBDZ  Davis_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  assistant_NN  Secretary_NNSB1  .  
    conference_NC2    was_VBDZ  Fairbanks's_PPIO2  word_NN  for_IO  finding_VBG  out_RP  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  Charles_NP  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,    Colmore_NP  said_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  Secretary's_NNSB2  return_NN  to_IO  health_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  disconcerting_JJ  this_DD1  morning_NN    the_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  retire_VV0  at_IO  sixty_MC    but_CCB  his_APP$  irreproachable_JJ  fac*?6ade_NN  .  
  Westminster_NP  and_CC  Lincoln_NP    not_XX  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  absolutely_RR  full-fruit_JB  standard_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  serviceable_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  Colmore_NP  had_VHD  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  read_VBN  his_APP$  entry_NN  in_IO  who_PNQS  's_VBZ  who_PNQS  :_:  son_NN  of_IO  Canon_NNSB1  Fairbanks_NP  ,_,  married_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  knight_NN  ,_,  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Devonshire_NP  .  
  Colmore_NP  thought_VVD  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  parents_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  safely_RR  dead_JJ  :_:  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  wen_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  lack_NN  of_IO  aspirates_NNS  .  
  with_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  background_NN  one_MC1  could_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  really_RR  safe_JJ  however_CS brilliant_JJ  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  score_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  betray_VV0  one's_$  weakness_NN  ,_,  things_NNS  that_PNQS lay_VVD  totally_RR  outside_IO  Fairbanks's_PPIO2  conception_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  some_DD  outrageous_JJ  relation_NN  would_VM  suddenly_RR  decide_VV0  to_TO  call_VV0  on_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  :_:  his_APP$  Uncle_NNSB1  Howard_NP  ,_,  say_VV0  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  nose_NN  had_VHD  doubtless_RR  grown_VBN  no_RR  less_RG  purple_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  .  
  or_CC  his_APP$  accent_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  carefully_RR  acquired_VBN  a_AT1  neutrality_NN  as_RG  unidentifiable_JJ  as_IO  some_DD  composite_JJ  creature_NN  evolved_VBN  by_IO  statisticians_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  break_VV0  down_RP  unbeknown_RR  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  pronunciation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  and_CC  tell-tale_JB  word_NN  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  more_RG  subtly_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  whole_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  and_CC  body_NN  ,_,  formed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  uncultured_JJ  ,_,  nagging_JJ  ,_,  parsimonious_JJ  ,_,  penurious_JJ  household_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  childhood_NN  ,_,  might_VM  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  crucial_JJ  moment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  reveal_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_CS  utterly_RR  unsuitable_JJ  for_IO  further_JB  advancement_NN    not_XX  necessarily_RR  or_CC  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  or_CC  gesture_NN  or_CC  family_NN  connection_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  through_IO  the_AT1  image_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  that_PNQS had_VHD  willy-nilly_RR  and_CC  over_IO  an_AT1  extended_JJ  period_NN  been_VBN  fixed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS controlled_VVD  his_APP$  destiny_NN  .  
  Fairbanks_NP  reached_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  towel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  clean_JJ  one_MC1  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  scarcely_RR  crumpled_JJ  one_MC1  that_PNQS Colmore_NP  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  used_VBN  and_CC  had_VHD  left_VBN  thriftily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  ledge_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  rather_RR  than_CS  consign_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  linen_NN  basket_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  Colmore_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  brush_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  ,_,  in_IO  one_MC1  sense_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  real_JJ  sense_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  own_DA  action_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  saved_VBN  the_AT1  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  coppers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  authority's_NN1$  laundry_NN  bill_NN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  right_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  virtuous_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  simply_RR  never_RR  properly_RR  learnt_VBN  what_DDQ  came_VVD  to_IO  Fairbanks_NP  quite_RR  naturally_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  rules_NNS  of_IO  conduct_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  enforced_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  inferior_JJ  mass_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  apply_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  rulers_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  long_RR  ago_RR  that_CS  Fairbanks_NP  had_VHD  personally_RR  overhauled_VBN  the_AT1  system_NN  whereby_CS the_AT1  departments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  indented_VVD  for_IO  stationery_NN  stores_NNS  ,_,  making_VBG  the_AT1  ordering_NN  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  department's_NN1$  senior_JJ  administration_NN  officer_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  among_IO  many_DA  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  henceforth_RR  to_TO  issue_VV0  new_JJ  pencils_NNS  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  surrender_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  equivalent_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  pencil_NN  stubs_NNS  .  
  when_CS in_IO  1940_MC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  entered_VBN  the_AT1  service_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN    though_CS  in_IO  those_DD2  remote_JJ  days_NNS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  been_VBN  merely_RR  the_AT1  executive_JJ  committee_NN    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  imagined_VBN  that_CS  even_RR  its_APP$  higher_JJ  reaches_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  like_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  level_NN  ,_,  simply_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  work_NN  ,_,  of_IO  problems_NNS  set_VBN  and_CC  overcome_VBN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  advancement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  able_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  stagnation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inefficient_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  progressed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  organization_NN  itself_PPX1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  encounter_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  unforeseen_JJ  forces_NNS  of_IO  birth_NN  ,_,  influence_NN  and_CC  intrigue_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  occasionally_RR    even_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS    glimpsed_VBN  the_AT1  highest_JJT  powers_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  :_:  the_AT1  building_NN  (_(  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  1941_MC  )_)  of_IO  a_AT1  massive_JJ  series_NN  of_IO  oak_NN  lockers_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  committee's_NN1$  hats_NNS  and_CC  coats_NNS  ,_,  following_IO  the_AT1  theft_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vice-Chairman's_NNSB2  umbrella_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  committee_NN  itself_PPX1  with_IO  virgin_JB  blotting_NN  paper_NN  ,_,  freshly-sharpened_JB  pencils_NNS  ,_,  cut-glass_JB  carafes_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  members_NNS  displaying_VBG  not_XX  their_APP$  ability_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  in_IO  some_DD  cases_NNS  actually_RR  existed_VVD  )_)  but_CCB  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  garments_NNS  or_CC  knowledge_NN  of_IO  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  background_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ex-trade_JB  union_NN  members_NNS  a_AT1  salience_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  richness_NN  of_IO  feature_NN  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  designed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  convenience_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  cartoonist_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  product_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  splendour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  jungle_NN  animal_NN  ,_,  of_IO  some_DD  special_JJ  advantage_NN  of_IO  nurture_NN  or_CC  habitat_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  each_DD1  moustache_NN  or_CC  bald_JJ  head_NN  or_CC  pair_NN  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  unique_JJ  and_CC  peculiarly_RR  finished_JJ  specimen_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  kind_NN  ,_,  possessing_VBG  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  some_DD  curious_JJ  aesthetic_JJ  quality_NN  as_CS  though_CS  added_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  painter_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  hierarchy_NN    or_CC  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  buoyed_VBN  along_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  influx_NN  of_IO  personnel_NNS  below_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS the_AT1  authority_NN  became_VVD  the_AT1  authority_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  expand_VV0  at_IO  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  rate_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN    the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rulers_NNS  grew_VVD  less_RG  strange_JJ  :_:  it_PPH1  occasionally_RR  recognized_VVD  his_APP$  existence_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  promotions_NNS  became_VVD  its_APP$  concern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  at_RR  last_RR  saw_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  breaking_VBG  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  though_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  quite_DA  the_AT1  phrase_NN  ,_,  for_CS  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  succeed_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Charles_NP  he_PPHO1  would_VM  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  executive_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  eternally_RR  differentiated_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  Governors_NNSB2  .  
  Fairbanks_NP  managed_VVD  the_AT1  Governors_NNSB2  beautifully_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  they_PPHS2  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  cleverer_JJ  than_IO  most_DA  ,_,  discreetly_RR  used_VVD  their_APP$  Christian_JJ  names_NNS    but_CCB  remained_VVD  their_APP$  servant_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  office_NN  hours_NNS  ,_,  however_CS elastic_JJ  ;_;  their_APP$  lives_NNS  were_VBDR  spent_VBN  in_IO  committee_NN  making_VBG  decisions_NNS  for_IO  others_DA2  to_TO  execute_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  basis_NN  of_IO  data_NNS  laboriously_RR  gathered_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ;_;  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  from_IO  board-room_NN  to_IO  board-room_NN  ,_,  encountering_VBG  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  new_JJ  pencils_NNS  ,_,  clean_JJ  towels_NNS  ,_,  institutional_JJ  crystal_NN  and_CC  silver_NN  ,_,  protein-rich_JJ  lunches_NNS  ,_,  immaculate_JJ  agendas_NNS  ,_,  able_JJ  slaves_NNS  .  
  Lord_NNSB1  Groves_NP  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  though_CS  doubtless_RR  compelled_VBN  by_IO  earlier_JJ  habits_NNS  of_IO  comparative_JJ  poverty_NN  to_IO  fried_JJ  fish_NN  high_JJ  teas_NNS  ,_,  existed_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  greater_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  luxury_NN  ,_,  lolling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  authority_NN  Austin_NP  or_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  complimentary_JJ  stall_NN  ,_,  strolling_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  promenade_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  conference_NN  ,_,  eating_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  pullman_NN  car_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_TO  open_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  authority_NN  provincial_JJ  office_NN  .  
  and_CC  even_RR  Lord_NNSB1  Groves_NP  ,_,  despite_IO  his_APP$  proletarian_JJ  origins_NNS  and_CC  political_JJ  complexion_NN  ,_,  shared_VVD  the_AT1  fierce_JJ  ,_,  jealous_JJ  morality_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rulers_NNS  .  
  if_CS  Colmore_NP  was_VBDZ  apprehensive_JJ  of_IO  Fairbanks's_PPIO2  view_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  conduct_NN  ,_,  how_CS much_DA  more_DA  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  to_TO  fear_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  Governors_NNSB2  ,_,  who_PNQS at_IO  the_AT1  breath_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  scandal_NN  would_VM  close_VV0  their_APP$  ranks_NNS  and_CC  utterly_RR  disown_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  company_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sometimes_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  check_VV0  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  ,_,  divining_VBG    as_CS  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  ignorant_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  moral_JJ  standards_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  adult_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  anticipates_VBZ  censure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  premonitory_JJ  motion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mouth_NN  or_CC  eye_NN    that_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  would_VM  offend_VV0  the_AT1  collective_JJ  ethos_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  utter_JB  folly_NN  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  lacked_VVD  religious_JJ  belief_NN  ;_;  though_CS  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  several_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  Governors_NNSB2  had_VHD  never_RR  for_IO  years_NNS  set_VBN  foot_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  worship_NN  ,_,  together_RR  they_PPHS2  presented_VVD  a_AT1  solidly_RR  spiritual_JJ  front_NN  .  
  Colmore_NP  remembered_VVD  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  how_CS one_MC1  of_IO  their_APP$  number_NN  had_VHD  once_RR  commented_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO  what_DDQ  to_IO  the_AT1  speaker_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  royal_JJ  family's_NN1$  excessive_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  horse_NN  racing_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  royalty_NN  could_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  called_VBN  into_IO  question_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  the_AT1  critic_NN  himself_PPX1  would_VM  certainly_RR  come_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  loudest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  murmurs_NNS  of_IO      God_NP  bless_VV0  her_PPHO1    after_IO  a_AT1  proposal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loyal_JJ  toast_NN  .  
  for_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  level_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  great_JJ  monoliths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  which_DDQ  to_IO  the_AT1  population_NN  at_RR  large_RR  presented_VVD  the_AT1  simple_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  aye_UH  or_CC  no_UH  ,_,  were_VBDR  capable_JJ  of_IO  intimate_JJ  criticism_NN  ,_,  albeit_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  of_IO  unquestioned_JJ  acceptance_NN    as_CS  the_AT1  friends_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  celebrated_JJ  actress_NN  will_VM  ,_,  without_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  denying_VBG  her_APP$  greatness_NN  or_CC  surpassing_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  remark_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  mole_NN  or_CC  wrinkle_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  close_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  Governors_NNSB2  there_EX  was_VBDZ  often_RR  casual_JJ  talk_NN  of_IO    royals_NNS    or_CC    Buck_NP  House_NNL1    :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  analysis_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  honours_NNS  and_CC  titles_NNS  bestowed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  institution_NN  of_IO  royalty_NN    like_IO  the_AT1  ease_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  which_DDQ  came_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  allegiance_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  religion_NN    which_DDQ  these_DD2  men_NNS  most_RBT  valued_VVD  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  their_APP$  position_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ambitious_JJ  less_RRR  for_IO  money_NN  than_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  infinite_JJ  gradations_NNS  of_IO  social_JJ  and_CC  public_JJ  distinction_NN  .  
  how_CS stupid_JJ  and_CC  gross_JJ  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  Colmore's_PPIO2  abortive_JJ  romance_NN  !_!  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  so_PN1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  desires_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  fumbling_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  fulfilling_VBG  them_PPHO1  ,_,  put_VVD  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  disadvantage_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  school_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  family_NN    perhaps_RR  the_AT1  one_MC1  stemmed_VVD  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  his_APP$  room_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seized_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  fright_NN  about_IO  Davis_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  authority_NN  the_AT1  normal_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  via_IO  the_AT1  civil_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  lack_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  ability_NN  lay_VVD  hidden_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  charming_JJ  orthodoxy_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_CS  Colmore_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  half-hour_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  power_NN  and_CC  control_NN  returned_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  mastery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  authority's_NN1$  vital_JJ  processes_NNS  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  look_VV0  forward_RR  with_IO  almost_RR  painful_JJ  pleasure_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  with_IO  Fairbanks_NP  and_CC  Davis_NP  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  well-prepared_JJ  candidate_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  examination_NN  .  
  so_CS  that_CS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Fairbanks's_PPIO2  room_NN    fileless_JJ  ,_,  paperless_JJ  ,_,  leaving_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  the_AT1  daily_JJ  returns_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  authority's_NN1$  financial_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  transferred_VBN  the_AT1  relevant_JJ  figures_NNS  effortlessly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  memory_NN    he_PPHO1  searched_VVD  greedily_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  for_IO  some_DD  other_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  being_VBG  happy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  lit_VBN  on_IO  Judith_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  marched_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  floor_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  crease_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  along_IO  his_APP$  thighs_NNS  ,_,  sensing_VBG  the_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  hang_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  unbuttoned_JJ  jacket_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  moved_VVD  gently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  disturbed_JJ  air_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  passage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thought_VVD  :_:  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  reserve_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  was_VBDZ  comic_JJ  even_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1    that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  treat_VV0  her_PPHO1  like_IO  an_AT1  item_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  authority's_NN1$  accounts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS few_DA  men_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  years_NNS  had_VHD  this_DD1  unobvious_JJ  relationship_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  inexhaustible_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  aesthetic_JJ  enjoyment_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  secret_JJ  and_CC  unforeseen_JJ  extension_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  youth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS  of_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  would_VM  voluntarily_RR  surrender_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  passionless_JJ  final_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  4_MC  .  
  the_AT1  telephone_NN  rang_VVD  and_CC  Colmore_NP  rose_VVD  immediately_RR  .  
  Dorothy_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    let_VV0  Anna_NP  take_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  practise_VV0  her_APP$  English_NN1  .    
  Anna_NP  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  European_JJ  girl_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  half_RR  maid_NN  ,_,  half_RR  student_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    Colmore_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  long_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  lunch_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  just_RR  sat_VBN  down_RP  at_IO  table_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  extended_JJ  session_NN  of_IO  gin_NN  and_CC  frenches_NNS  with_IO  Colmore's_PPIO2  three_MC  companions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  morning's_NN1$  golf_NN  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  home_NN1  to_TO  meet_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  wives_NNS  ,_,  already_RR  being_VBG  entertained_VBN  by_IO  Dorothy_NP  .  
  a_AT1  comforting_JJ  husk_NN  of_IO  inebriation_NN  separated_VVD  Colmore_NP  from_IO  reality_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  his_APP$  reaction_NN  in_IO  anticipating_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  call_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  from_IO  Judith_NP  was_VBDZ  phenomenally_RR  quick_JJ  and_CC  sagacious_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  since_IO  the_AT1  unsatisfactory_JJ  evening_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  begun_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  intrusion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  callow_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  from_IO  Gilson_NP  &_CC  Freeman's_PPIO2  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  dredge_VV0  up_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  alcohol_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  speaking_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  even_RR  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  uninhibited_JJ  moment_NN  ,_,  arranging_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  soon_RR    tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  tonight_NN1    brought_VVD  an_AT1  excitement_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  almost_RR  physically_RR  erotic_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  time_NN  not_XX  only_RR  to_TO  review_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  in_IO  detail_NN  but_CCB  to_TO  savour_VV0  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  mouthful_NN  of_IO  pa*?5te*?2_NN  and_CC  to_TO  admire_VV0  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  colour_NN  and_CC  pattern_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  tweed_NN  suit_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  today_NN1  .    then_RL  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  say_VV0    qualify_VV0  my_APP$  name_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  known_VBN    the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0    as_IO  the_AT1  Stratford-Lees_NP2  .  
  my_APP$  mother_NN  likes_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Stratford_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  from_IO  Norfolk_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  both_DB2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   should_VM  be_VB0  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Stratfords_NP2  of_IO  Norfolk_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  neither_LE  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   commented_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  care_VV0  for_IO  using_VBG  double-barrelled_JJ  names_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  use_VV0  just_RR  the_AT1  plain_JJ    Lee_NC2    on_IO  my_APP$  cards_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  think_VV0      and_CC  his_APP$  expression_NN  changed_VVD  quickly_RR  to_IO  deliberation_NN      that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  use_VV0  the_AT1  Stratford-Lee_NP  ,_,  just_RR  out_RP  here_RL  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  of_RR  course_RR      
    oh_UH  Lord_NNSB1  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  perhaps_RR  just_RR  a_RR  little_RR  too_RG  abruptly_RR  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  far_RR  too_RG  many_DA  double-barrelled_JJ  names_NNS  out_RP  here_RL  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .    
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  back_RP  again_RR  ,_,  obviously_RR  satisfied_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  inclined_VBN  to_TO  agree_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  leisurely_JJ  lunch_NN  .  
  Nigel's_PPIO2  cook-boy_NN  had_VHD  prepared_VBN  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  curry_NN  ,_,  hot_JJ  enough_RGA  with_IO  chili_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  water_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  even_RR  after_IO  so_RG  many_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  hot_JJ  curries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  gin_NN  pahits_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  the_AT1  beer_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  curry_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  their_APP$  desired_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  us_PPIO2   ;_;  or_CC  rather_RR  ,_,  on_IO  Nigel_NP  and_CC  myself_PPX1  .  
  Lee_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  asked_VBN  for_IO  Coca-Cola_NP  .  
  this_DD1  rather_RR  surprised_VVD  me_PPIO1  from_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  otherwise_RR  so_RG  sophisticated_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  ostentatious_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  if_CS  anything_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  merely_RR  become_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  more_RG  reserved_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  much_RR  more_RG  polite_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  to_IO  myself_PPX1  :_:  
    a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  my_APP$  boy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  drink_VV0    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  seen_VBN  your_APP$  kind_NN  before_II  !_!    
  after_IO  the_AT1  curry_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  only_RR  to_TO  go_VV0  upstairs_RL  to_IO  bed_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  long_RR  since_II  become_VBN  accustomed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  addicted_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  an_AT1  after-curry_JB  nap_NN  .  
  Lee_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  showed_VVD  not_XX  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  sign_NN  of_IO  fatigue_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  mind_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  look_NN  round_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  Nigel_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  sleep_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoons_NNS  .    
  Nigel_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  very_RG  good_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  how_CS much_RR  he_PPHO1  probably_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  sleep_VV0  himself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  almost_RR  gallantly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  show_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    oh_UH  no_UH  ,_,    young_JJ  Lee_NP  protested_VVD  ,_,  considerate_JJ  as_CS  always_RR  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  rest_VV0  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  any_DD  harm_NN  .    
  Nigel_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  known_VBN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  good-natured_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  similar_JJ  cause_NN  to_TO  display_VV0  such_DA  amiability_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  for_IO  one_MC1  moment_NN  thought_VBN  you_PPY  would_VM  ,_,    Nigel_NP  said_VVD  .  
    bring_VV0  your_APP$  swimming_NN  costume_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  small_JJ  pool_NN  over_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  latex_NN  factory_NN  .    
    oh_UH  excellent_JJ  !_!    young_JJ  Lee_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  face_NN  lit_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  like_IO  an_AT1  energetic_JJ  young_JJ  athlete_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  just_RR  recall_VV0  hearing_VBG  them_PPHO1  drive_VV0  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  bungalow_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  myself_PPX1  gratefully_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  stripping_VBG  off_RP  to_IO  just_RR  underpants_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  collapsed_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  sleep_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  grateful_JJ  to_IO  Nigel_NP  for_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  suggested_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  accompany_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  slept_VVD  soundly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  much_RR  later_RRR  than_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  after_IO  six_MC  when_CS I_PPIS1  awoke_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  setting_VBG  beyond_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  window_NN  .  
  downstairs_RL  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  murmur_NN  of_IO  voices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  knew_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  back_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  wrapped_VVD  a_AT1  sarong_NN  around_IO  my_APP$  waist_NN  ,_,  if_CS  Nigel_NP  at_IO  all_DB  resented_VVD  being_VBG  deprived_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  afternoon_NN  sleep_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  tea_NN  things_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  joined_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  Nigel_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  put_VBN  out_RP  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  quite_RR  enjoyed_VBN  himself_PPX1  with_IO  young_JJ  Lee_NP  during_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  put_VBN  out_RP  ;_;  but_CCB  to_IO  my_APP$  surprise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  amusement_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  detected_VVD  a_AT1  slight_JJ  frown_NN  of_IO  disapproval_NN  from_IO  Lee_NP  at_IO  my_APP$  sarong_NN  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  feet_NNS  shod_VBN  in_IO  only_RR  se*?5patus_&FW  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  myself_PPX1  :_:  
  oh_UH  ,_,  God_NP  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  boy_NN  ever_RR  relax_VV0  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  his_APP$  gaze_NN  away_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  almost_RR  instantly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  nakedness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  half_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  body_NN  ,_,  even_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  matted_JJ  grey_JJ  hairs_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  probably_RR  thought_VVD  my_APP$  appearance_NN  quite_DA  a_AT1  breach_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  social_JJ  graces_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  naturally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  not_XX  so_RG  much_DA  as_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  just_RR  had_VHN  tea_NN  ,_,    Nigel_NP  said_VVD  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  the_AT1  cookie_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  lot_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rather_RR  have_VH0  whisky_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    thought_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  .  
  sun_NN  's_VBZ  nearly_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  yard-arm_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  would_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  a_AT1  stengah_&FW  myself_PPX1  .  
  how_CS about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Harry_NP  .    
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  of_IO  using_VBG  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  Christian_JJ  names_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  noted_VVD  .  
  perhaps_RR  Lee_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  as_RG  reserved_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  .  
    thanks_NNS  ,_,  Nigel_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    just_RR  Coca-Cola_NP  .  
  although_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  whatever_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  life_NN  people_NNS  lead_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
  at_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  irritation_NN  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  times_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  drink_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drink_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  life_NN  we_PPIS2  led_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  !_!  
  but_CCB  then_RL  I_PPIS1  dispelled_VVD  my_APP$  irritation_NN  ,_,  or_CC  endeavoured_VVD  to_TO  ;_;  apart_IO  from_II  its_APP$  being_VBG  so_RG  irrational_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ,_,  probably_RR  ,_,  another_DD1  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  weeks_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  company_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  silly_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  to_TO  let_VV0  such_DA  trivialities_NNS  bother_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  even_RR  surprised_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  .  
  the_AT1  drinks_NNS  were_VBDR  served_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  by_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  cook-boy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  two_MC  young_JJ  Malay_JJ  girls_NNS  dressed_VBN  gracefully_RR  in_IO  sarong_NN  and_CC  ke*?5baya_&FW  .  
  barefooted_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  silently_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  voluptuous_JJ  and_CC  unmistakable_JJ  insinuation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  almost_RR  instantly_RR  which_WDTI  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  preferred_VVD  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  down_RP  my_APP$  drink_NN  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  probably_RR  with_IO  blatant_JJ  assessment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  my_APP$  gaze_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  mischievous_JJ  sidelong_JJ  glance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  just_RR  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  suggestion_NN  ,_,  though_CS  quite_RR  inaudible_JJ  ,_,  of_IO  a_AT1  giggle_NN  .  
  knowing_VBG  Nigel_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  surprised_JJ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  made_VBN  his_APP$  usual_JJ    arrangements_NNS    .  
  a_AT1  bachelor_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  well_RR  how_CS to_TO  entertain_VV0  his_APP$  bachelor_NN  friends_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  my_APP$  look_NN  and_CC  pursed_VVD  his_APP$  lips_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ  little_JJ  grimace_NN  of_IO  acknowledgement_NN  ;_;  then_RL  raised_VVD  an_AT1  enquiring_JJ  eyebrow_NN  in_IO  young_JJ  Lee's_PPIO2  direction_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shrugged_VVD  a_AT1  shoulder_NN  .  
  Lee_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  decide_VV0  about_IO  that_DD1  for_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  noticed_VVD  that_CS  although_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  girl_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  quite_RR  dispassionately_RR  ,_,  almost_RR  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  unfamiliar_JJ  clothes_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  to_IO  myself_PPX1  :_:  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  still_RR  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1    new_JJ  chum_NN    to_TO  see_VV0    the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1    .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  an_AT1  ease_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  conversation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  scope_NN  was_VBDZ  restricted_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hardly_RR  make_VV0  the_AT1  usual_JJ  enquiries_NNS  and_CC  comments_NNS  about_IO  Nigel's_PPIO2  various_JJ  mistresses_NNS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  accustomed_VBN  to_TO  whenever_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  much_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  which_WDTI  of_IO  his_APP$  girls_NNS  was_VBDZ  in_IO  favour_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  drinks_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  decided_VVD  to_TO  bathe_VV0  and_CC  dress_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  early_JJ  dinner_NN  .  
  Lee_NP  was_VBDZ  impressed_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  ,_,  or_CC  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  accommodation_NN  provided_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  planter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  bachelor_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  very_RG  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Nigel_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  it_PPH1  very_RG  presentable_JJ  with_IO  additions_NNS  of_IO  furniture_NN  ,_,  pictures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  radio_NN  equipment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  personal_JJ  touches_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  widely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  collected_VBN  a_AT1  sizeable_JJ  library_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  Malay_JJ  customs_NNS  ,_,  more_RG  especially_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  aboriginal_JJ  Sakais_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  adorned_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  varied_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  Sakai_NP  weapons_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  better_JJ  Kashmir_NP  carpets_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  his_APP$  pictures_NNS  and_CC  curtains_NNS  ,_,  indeed_RR  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  the_AT1  entire_JB  furnishings_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  selected_VBN  personally_RR  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  occasionally_RR  proclaimed_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  home_NN1    and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  it_PPH1  as_IO  such_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ever_RR  leave_VV0  Malaya_NP  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  retires_VBZ  .  
  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  mistresses_NNS  ,_,  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  mean_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  indirectly_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  impression_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  several_DA  reasons_NNS  why_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  decided_VBN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  leave_VV0  it_PPH1    before_CS  ,_,  for_IO  me_PPIO1  too_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  the_AT1  excuse_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  early_JJ  start_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  to_TO  retire_VV0  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  prudent_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  coffee_NN  and_CC  brandy_NN  ,_,  already_RR  anticipating_VBG  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  pleasures_NNS  awaiting_VBG  me_PPIO1  .  
  Lee_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  demur_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  from_IO  Nigel's_PPIO2  expression_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  presumed_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  other_DA  guest_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  of_IO  so_RG  recent_JJ  acquaintance_NN  ,_,  would_VM  approve_VV0  of_IO  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  appreciate_VV0  ,_,  his_APP$  usual_JJ    arrangements_NNS    .  
  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  showered_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  looked_VBN  at_IO  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  pretence_NN  of_IO  tidying_VBG  my_APP$  clothes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  mosquito-net_NN  and_CC  lay_VVD  there_RL  in_IO  my_APP$  sarong_NN  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  patiently_RR  ,_,  precisely_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  folded_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  garment_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  of_IO  drawers_NNS  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  and_CC  ,_,  without_IO  saying_VBG  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  off_RP  her_APP$  ke*?5baya_&FW  and_CC  ,_,  unwinding_VBG  her_APP$  sarong_NN  ,_,  moved_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  waist_NN  to_IO  over_IO  her_APP$  breasts_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  sleeping_NN  position_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  just_RR  enough_DD  light_NN  seeping_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  watch_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  mosquito-net_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  ,_,  still_RR  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  another_DD1  barely_RR  audible_JJ  giggle_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  without_IO  further_JB  ado_NN  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  the_AT1  assiduous_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  energetic_JJ  routine_NN  of_IO  love-play_NN  .  
  for_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  leisurely_JJ  race_NN  in_IO  almost_RR  everything_PN1  else_RR    not_XX  only_RR  leisurely_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  renownedly_RR  lazy_JJ    the_AT1  Malays_NP2  ,_,  surprisingly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  have_VH0  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  energetic_JJ  deliberation_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  dancing_NN  and_CC  love-play_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  mistaken_VBN  for_IO  ardour_NN  .  
    chantek_&FW  ,_,    I_PPIS1  murmured_VVD  obligingly_RR  ,_,  not_XX  really_RR  meaning_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  nor_CC  really_RR  caring_VBG  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beautiful_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  glad_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  western_JJ  fashion_NN  and_CC  not_XX  just_RR  as_CS  Moslems_NP2  do_VD0  .  
  I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  her_APP$  mouth_NN  busy_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  long_JJ  and_CC  boring_JJ  rigmarole_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  told_VBN  what_DDQ  her_APP$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  who_PNQS  her_APP$  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  lived_VBN    and_CC  especially_RR  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  names_NNS  ,_,  displayed_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  of_IO  beads_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  white_JJ  tuans_&FW  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  slept_VBN  with_IO  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  succumbed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  lewdness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  skilled_JJ  ministrations_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  wondering_VBG  about_IO  young_JJ  Lee's_PPIO2  reactions_NNS  to_IO    the_AT1  arrangements_NNS    .  
  he_PPHO1  in_IO  turn_NN  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  wondering_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  supposed_VVD  ,_,  if_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  hospitality_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  expect_VV0  in_IO  every_AT1  bachelor's_NN1$  bungalow_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  might_VM  find_VV0  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  guest_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  Malaya_NP  ,_,  not_XX  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  Nigels_NP2  .  
  my_APP$  companion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  when_CS I_PPIS1  awoke_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  Nigel_NP  has_VHZ  them_PPHO1  well_RR  trained_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  to_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  dressed_VVD  quickly_RR  ,_,  curious_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS Lee_NP  had_VHD  reacted_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  expected_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  hoped_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM    unbend_VV0    him_PPHO1  a_RR  little_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  surprised_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  dressed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  packed_VBN  ready_JJ  to_TO  continue_VV0  the_AT1  journey_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pacing_VBG  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  with_IO  obvious_JJ  irritation_NN  .  
  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  down_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Lee_NP  looked_VVD  decidedly_RR  relieved_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  me_PPIO1  ;_;  wished_VVD  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  almost_RR  grateful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  polite_JJ  ,_,  good_JJ  morning_NN  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  sleep_VV0  well_RR  .    I_PPIS1  enquired_VVD  ,_,  deliberately_RR  turning_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  a_RR  little_RR  to_TO  look_VV0  through_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  kicked_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  !_!    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  perfunctorily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  quite_RR  astonished_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  turning_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  surprise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  again_RR  with_IO  amusement_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  rigidly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  arms_NNS  held_VBN  stiffly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  sides_NNS  ,_,  almost_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  playing_VBG  soldiers_NNS  and_CC  standing_VBG  to_IO  attention_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  penetrated_VVD  mine_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fierce_JJ  fixity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  cheeks_NNS  were_VBDR  inflamed_JJ  with_IO  two_MC  small_JJ  spots_NNS  of_IO  bright_JJ  red_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  damned_RR  presumptuous_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  !_!    he_PPHO1  declaimed_VVD  hotly_RR  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  slightly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  pose_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  struck_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  consciousness_NN  humiliated_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  slumped_VVD  slightly_RR  ,_,  spreading_VBG  his_APP$  legs_NNS  apart_RP  ,_,  almost_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  soldier_NN  standing_VBG  at_IO  ease_NN  ;_;  or_CC  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  standing_VBG  easy_JJ  .  yet_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  hope_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  rise_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  viscera_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mistaken_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  entry_NN  in_IO  Sylvia's_PPIO2  diary_NN    she_PPHO1  hated_VVD  her_APP$  mother_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  jealous_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  attentions_NNS  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  hysterical_JJ  invention_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  who_PNQS herself_PPX1  in_IO  puberty_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  ,_,  familiar_JJ  man_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  origin_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  hatred_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  then_RL  led_VBN  him_PPHO1  by_IO  her_APP$  subconscious_JJ  design_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  diaries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  Elizabeth_NP  ,_,  greeting_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  her_APP$  outflung_JJ  arms_NNS  ,_,  soared_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  and_CC  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  recollection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bloodstained_JJ  towel_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  held_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  forehead_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  God_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,    perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  wrong_JJ  ,_,    and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  came_VVD  an_AT1  unexpected_JJ  hope_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  told_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  an_AT1  incurable_JJ  disease_NN  ,_,  hears_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  pathologist_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  mistake_NN  in_IO  examining_VBG  the_AT1  tissue_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  wrong_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  hope_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  music_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  compulsive_JJ  need_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Elizabeth_NP  again_RR  ,_,  to_TO  hold_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  to_TO  feel_VV0  again_RR  their_APP$  old_JJ  safe_JJ  love_NN  .  
    that_DD1  ends_VBZ  our_APP$  proceedings_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Chairman_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  members_NNS  rose_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  shuffle_NN  and_CC  scraping_NN  of_IO  chairs_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  committee_NN  room_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trends_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  Ormston_NP  stepped_VVD  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  dais_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  central_JJ  aisle_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  the_AT1  longest_JJT  route_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  exit_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  greeted_VBN  on_IO  all_DB  sides_NNS  with_IO  friendly_JJ  smiles_NNS  .  
  members_NNS  made_VVD  a_AT1  path_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  ex-Ministers_NNSB2  who_PNQS had_VHD  retired_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  benches_NNS  ,_,  a_DA  few_DA  knights_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  recommendation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  rank-and-file_NN  of_IO  younger_JJ  members_NNS  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  encouraged_VBN  with_IO  advice_NN  and_CC  expectations_NNS  .  
  Gore_NP  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  associates_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  Africa_NP  group_NN  became_VVD  involved_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  stream_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  pressed_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  debouching_JJ  cinema_NN  audience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  regarded_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  indifference_NN  as_CS  members_NNS  of_IO  cinema_NN  audiences_NNS  reserve_VV0  for_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  Melville_NP  moved_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  exit_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  officials_NNS  and_CC  Waters_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  about_RR  half_DB  the_AT1  members_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  leading_VBG  them_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  plebiscite_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  grouped_VVD  themselves_PPX2  around_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  smiling_VBG  and_CC  demonstrative_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  show_VV0  where_CS their_APP$  sympathies_NNS  and_CC  loyalties_NNS  lay_VVD  ,_,  though_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  addressed_VVD  him_PPHO1  personally_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  whip_NN  caught_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  settled_VVD  Gore_NP  pretty_RR  well_RR  .    
    did_VDD  you_PPY  .    Melville_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  different_JJ  impression_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  rather_RR  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  goading_VBG  him_PPHO1  .    
    to_TO  abstain_VV0  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Melville_NP  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  more_RRR  than_CS  to_TO  frighten_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  to_TO  come_VV0  along_RP  and_CC  kiss_VV0  it_PPH1  better_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  outdistanced_VVD  his_APP$  attendants_NNS  with_IO  Waters_NP  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  \0P.M._NNSB1  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  telephone_VV0  and_CC  arrange_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  Greystoke_NP  tomorrow_NN1  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Waters_NP  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  lunching_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  members'_NN2  dining-room_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  walk_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  Park_NNL1  .    
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  briskly_RR  without_IO  hat_NN  and_CC  coat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  felt_VVD  himself_PPX1  sweating_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  hazy_JJ  ,_,  copper-coloured_JJ  sky_NN  ,_,  heavy_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  storm_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  rumble_VV0  and_CC  crack_VV0  beyond_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  ducks_NNS  had_VHD  retreated_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  reeds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  water_NN  had_VHD  black_JJ  reflections_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  ,_,  couples_NNS  lay_VVD  stretched_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  in_IO  shirt-sleeves_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  women_NNS  in_IO  sleeveless_JJ  summer_NN  dresses_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  engaged_VBN  in_IO  what_DDQ  otherwise_RR  would_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  coital_JJ  preliminaries_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  such_DA  activities_NNS  not_XX  the_AT1  normal_JJ  convention_NN  of_IO  London_NP  crowds_NNS  in_IO  hot_JJ  summers_NNS  .  
  others_DA2  picknicked_VVD  close_RR  by_RP    the_AT1  whole_NN  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  domestic_JJ  living_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  air_NN  .  
  as_CS  Melville_NP  walked_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  thunderclap_NN  awoke_VVD  the_AT1  prostrate_JJ  figures_NNS  as_CS  if_CS  by_IO  the_AT1  alarm_NN  signal_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gigantic_JJ  clock_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  rose_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  women_NNS  smoothed_VVD  the_AT1  creases_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  dresses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  languidly_RR  put_VVD  on_RP  their_APP$  jackets_NNS  .  
  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  accompaniment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  fat_JJ  raindrops_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  move_VV0  swiftly_RR  away_RP  in_IO  pairs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lake_NN  started_VVD  to_TO  become_VV0  dappled_VBN  with_IO  rain_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dazzling_JJ  flash_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  massive_JJ  roll_NN  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  the_AT1  Park_NNL1  began_VVD  to_TO  scurry_VV0  with_IO  figures_NNS  running_VBG  for_IO  shelter_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  storm_NN  .  
  as_CS  Melville_NP  walked_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  steps_NNS  splashing_VBG  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    like_VV0  a_AT1  share_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  mac_NN  .    a_AT1  voice_NN  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  purling_VBG  down_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Armstrong_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  quickened_VBN  his_APP$  step_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  pace_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  recognise_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  very_RG  civil_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  thanks_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  just_RR  imagine_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  doing_VBG  a_AT1  cross-country_JB  run_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  change_VV0  when_CS I_PPIS1  get_VV0  in_RP  .    
    as_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Armstrong_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  turn_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  side_NN  path_NN  but_CCB  Melville_NP  ,_,  thinking_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  felt_VBN  snubbed_VBN  ,_,  said_VVD  ,_,  
    come_VV0  this_DD1  way_NN    then_RL  you_PPY  can_VM  cut_VV0  across_RP  .    
    I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  play_VV0  rugger_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Armstrong_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  missed_VVD  it_PPH1  when_CS I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  .    
    how_CS old_JJ  were_VBDR  you_PPY  .    
    thirty-six_MC  ,_,    said_VVD  Armstrong_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  fifty-four_MC  now_RL  .    
  to_TO  make_VV0  conversation_NN  ,_,  Melville_NP  asked_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  questions_NNS  about_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  and_CC  south_NN1  Wales_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  his_APP$  cadenced_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  easy_JJ  ,_,  undeferential_JJ  manner_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  pleasant_JJ  ,_,  open_JJ  face_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  scar_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  having_VHG  a_AT1  bad_JJ  time_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Armstrong_NP  .  
    in_IO  Africa_NP  .    
    yes_UH  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  pretty_RR  bad_JJ  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  lad_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Armstrong_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  along_RP  without_IO  speaking_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  streaming_VBG  down_IO  their_APP$  faces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Melville_NP  wished_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  opposition_NN  back-benchers_NNS  better_RRR  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  Armstrong_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  difficulty_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  the_AT1  language_NN  and_CC  so_RR  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  gave_VVD  off_RP  a_AT1  warm_JJ  ,_,  soaking_JJ  smell_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pain_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  lifted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  refreshed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  changed_VVD  his_APP$  suit_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  dressing-room_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  bed_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  moved_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  knocked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  bedroom_NN  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  propped_VBN  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  pillows_NNS  ,_,  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  pale_JJ  blue_JJ  bedjacket_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  nightdress_NN  .  
  Broome_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  bedside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  greeted_VVD  Melville_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  broad_JJ  smile_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  live_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  let_VV0  the_AT1  head-dress_NN  worry_NN  you_PPY  .  
  she_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  wearing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  thinks_VBZ  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  her_PPHO1  interesting_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  look_VV0  in_RP  tomorrow_NN1  .    
  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  ,_,  Melville_NP  stood_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Elizabeth_NP  turned_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  pillow_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  of_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  Melville_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Elizabeth_NP    I_PPIS1  must_VM  talk_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  answer_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  faced_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  on_IO  her_APP$  bandages_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  trace_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  ;_;  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  were_VBDR  pale_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  had_VHD  heavy_JJ  violet_JJ  shadows_NNS  beneath_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  straight_RR  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  wicked_JJ  person_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  savagely_RR  ,_,  sitting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  taking_VBG  her_APP$  wrists_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0      
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  flat_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  
    if_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  again_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  said_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  kill_VV0  myself_PPX1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  leave_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  slowly_RR  let_VVD  go_VV0  of_IO  her_APP$  wrists_NNS  and_CC  rose_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  his_APP$  gaze_NN  still_RR  held_VVD  her_APP$  expressionless_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  withdrew_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  certainties_NNS  complete_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  could_VM  ever_RR  change_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  nothing_PN1  .  
  ever_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  photograph_NN  of_IO  Elizabeth_NP  and_CC  himself_PPX1  taken_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  suddenly_RR  ,_,  covering_VBG  his_APP$  face_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  weep_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  tears_NNS  trickling_VBG  through_IO  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  childhood_NN  when_CS his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  died_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  comfort_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  twelve_MC  .  
  after_IO  lunch_VV0  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister's_NNSB2  grandchildren_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  sat_VBN  ,_,  rather_RR  intimidated_VBN  by_IO  Ormston_NP  and_CC  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  Grinling_NP  Gibbons_NP  carving_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  ,_,  rose_VVD  gratefully_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  together_RR  .  
  a_AT1  nurse_NN  came_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  helped_VBN  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lawn_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  her_PPHO1  away_RP  impatiently_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  grey_JJ  suit_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  white_JJ  shirt_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  collar_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  neck_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  thinner_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  collar_NN  stood_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  bought_VBN  haphazard_RR  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  jaundiced_JJ  colour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  cheekbones_NNS  were_VBDR  red_JJ  ,_,  touched_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  feverish_JJ  cosmetic_NN  .  
  only_RR  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  unchanged_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  slow_JJ  and_CC  thoughtful_JJ  with_IO  its_APP$  familiar_JJ  ,_,  rehearsed_JJ  calmness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  crumpled_VVD  his_APP$  table_NN  napkin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  laid_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  a_AT1  plate_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  no_AT1  urgent_JJ  anxiety_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
    perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Ormston_NP  ,_,    and_CC  now_RL  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  situation_NN  purely_RR  as_IO  Chancellor_NNSB1  .  
  our_APP$  reserves_NNS  are_VBR  low_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  getting_VBG  lower_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  rather_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  father_NN  whose_PNQV$  child_NN  is_VBZ  bleeding_VBG  to_IO  death_NN  .    
  his_APP$  simile_NN  disturbed_VVD  him_PPHO1  ;_;  it_PPH1  evoked_VVD  other_DA  associations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  hurriedly_RR  drained_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  Ormston_NP  continued_VVD  ,_,  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   leave_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  political_JJ  merits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .    
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  possible_JJ  .    
    for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  hypothesis_NN    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  thinking_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  in_IO  plain_JJ  ,_,  economic_JJ  terms_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  increase_VV0  our_APP$  costs_NNS  in_IO  Africa_NP    we_PPIS2  simply_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  afford_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  mean_VV0  just_RR  our_APP$  direct_JJ  military_JJ  costs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  thinking_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  boycott_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  already_RR  working_VBG  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  like_VV0  the_AT1  trading_NN  position_NN  when_CS you_PPY  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  do_VD0  ,_,    the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  commented_VVD  wearily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  repeating_VBG  an_AT1  argument_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  developed_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  before_IO  lunch_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  bad_JJ  time_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Ormston_NP  .  
    a_AT1  singularly_RR  bad_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  's_VBZ  very_RG  restless_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  life_NN    very_RG  encouraging_JJ  !_!    
    the_AT1  younger_JJ  men_NNS      
    which_WDTI  ones_CD1S  .    
    the_AT1  younger_JJ  ones_CD1S  like_IO  Gore_NP  ,_,  Vaughan_NP  ,_,  Hadley_NP  ,_,  Prebble_NP  ,_,  Lambert-Price_NP    the_AT1  new_JJ  Africa_NP  lot_NN      
    do_VD0  they_PPHS2  confide_VV0  in_IO  you_PPY  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  spoken_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
    only_RR  at_IO  yesterday's_NP1  meeting_NN    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  very_RG  restless_JJ  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  very_RG  old-fashioned_JJ    shooting_VBG  down_RP  mobs_NNS  of_IO  natives_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  very_RG  much_RR  afraid_JJ  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  opposition_NN  get_VV0  a_AT1  commission_NN  of_IO  enquiry_NN  some_DD  rather_RR  dismal_JJ  stuff_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  .    
    young_JJ  back-benchers_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  restive_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  're_VBR  bored_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  his_APP$  grandchildren_NN  left_VVD  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  something_PN1  to_TO  play_VV0  with_IO  .    
    they_PPHS2  've_VH0  found_VBN  their_APP$  own_DA  toy_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Ormston_NP  ,_,    and_CC  this_DD1  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  to_TO  abstain_VV0  next_DA  week_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  continued_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  flippant_JJ  tone_NN  ,_,  
    tell_VV0  the_AT1  chief_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  talking-to_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Chancellor_NNSB1  closed_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  gone_VBN  beyond_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  they_PPHS2  feel_VV0  pretty_RR  strongly_RR  about_IO  Africa_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  greatly_RR  disturbed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  rather_RR  ugly_JJ  image_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  which_DDQ  our_APP$  African_JJ  policy_NN  is_VBZ  creating_VBG  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  country_NN  is_VBZ  still_RR  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  moderation_NN  and_CC  common_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  Melville_NP  has_VHZ  in_IO  a_AT1  curious_JJ  way_NN  made_VBN  us_PPIO2   look_VV0  old-fashioned_JJ    extravagant_JJ    nineteenth_MD  centuryish_JJ    almost_RR  cranky_JJ  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  has_VHZ  reveries_NNS  of_IO  Britannia's_PPIO2  strong_JJ  ,_,  firm_JJ  hand_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  dislike_VV0  force_NN  provided_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  short_JJ  ,_,  sharp_JJ  and_CC  rewarding_JJ  .    
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  laughed_VVD  and_CC  felt_VVD  relaxed_JJ  .  
  then_RL  Ormston_NP  frowned_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  British_JJ  public_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  like_VV0  is_VBZ  violence_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  protracted_JJ  ,_,  messy_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  get_VV0  a_AT1  moral_JJ  revulsion_NN  against_IO  force_NN    especially_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  taxation_NN  rise_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  heading_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  ugly_JJ  crisis_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  obliged_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  this_DD1    Melville_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  very_RG  heavy_JJ  responsibility_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  matter_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  could_VM  Melville_NP  have_VH0  done_VBN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  obviously_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Ormston_NP  ,_,  taking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  nut-crackers_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  boobed_VBN  by_IO  talking_VBG  to_IO  Julia_NP  Drayford_NP    and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  looked_VVD  puzzled_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Julia_NP  Drayford_NP  .  
  how_CS does_VBZ  she_PPHO1  come_VV0  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  follow_VV0  these_DD2  complexities_NNS      
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  blew_VVD  up_RP  from_IO  Melville's_PPIO2  disgraceful_JJ  indiscretion_NN  to_IO  Julia_NP  Drayford_NP  in_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  M'landa's_PPIO2  presence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  exact_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  gossip_NN  or_CC  who_PNQS  told_VVD  who_PNQS  what_DDQ  .  as_CS  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  aside_RP  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  since_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  her_APP$  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  pleading_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  attacked_VBN  by_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
    you_PPY  wish_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  someone_PN1  else_RR  !_!    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  voice_NN  roughened_VBN  by_IO  jealousy_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  deeply_RR  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  away_RP  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    he_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  ,_,  fiercely_RR  .  
    if_CS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  gently_RR  ,_,  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  look_NN  that_PNQS set_VVD  his_APP$  pulses_NNS  throbbing_VBG  ,_,    if_CS  I_PPIS1  wished_VVD  to_TO  marry_VV0  some_DD  young_JJ  gallant_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  would_VM  ask_VV0  your_APP$  help_NN  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  man_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  ask_VV0  .    
  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  collect_VV0  his_APP$  wits_NNS  to_TO  reply_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bustle_NN  and_CC  confusion_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  Prince_NNSB1  Doria_NP  had_VHD  wearied_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  toy_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  packing_VBG  it_PPH1  away_RP  in_IO  its_APP$  painted_JJ  coffer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  party_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  preparing_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  tapestries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  general_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  Vittoria_NP  was_VBDZ  separated_VBN  from_IO  Orsini_NP  .  
  although_CS  neither_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  sightseers_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  seemed_VVD  no_AT1  alternative_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  mount_VV0  a_AT1  wide_JJ  and_CC  shallow_JJ  flight_NN  of_IO  marble_NN  stairs_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  aware_JJ  of_IO  someone_PN1  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  intently_RR  ,_,  and_CC  turning_VBG  in_IO  that_DD1  direction_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Olimpia_NP  ,_,  standing_VBG  beside_IO  her_APP$  admirer_NN  ,_,  Orlando_NP  Cavalcanti_NP  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  bending_VBG  over_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  assiduity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lover_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  girl_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  cousin's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  regarding_VBG  through_IO  half-closed_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  slight_JJ  shock_NN  to_IO  Vittoria_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  unaware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man's_NN1$  presence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  palazzo_&FW  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  enjoying_VBG  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  Olimpia_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  idly_RR  ,_,  tapping_VBG  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  cheek_NN  lightly_RR  with_IO  her_APP$  fan_NN  ,_,  in_IO  passing_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  disturbed_VBN  by_IO  vague_JJ  uneasiness_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wondering_VBG  whether_CS  Olimpia_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  talk_VV0  with_IO  Orsini_NP  .  
  surely_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  overheard_VBN  anything_PN1  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  reflection_NN  reassured_VVD  her_PPHO1  on_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  been_VBN  standing_VBG  near_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  something_PN1  inimical_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  look_NN  put_VVD  Vittoria_NP  on_IO  guard_NN  .  
    Santa_&FW  Maria_&FW  !_!  
  these_DD2  spying_JJ  eyes_NNS  !_!    she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  bitterly_RR  .  
  Doria_NP  was_VBDZ  continually_RR  stopping_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  with_IO  childish_JJ  pride_NN  ,_,  objects_NNS  of_IO  beauty_NN  or_CC  interest_NN  .  
  Vittoria_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  fringe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  caught_VVD  snatches_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  information_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  held_VVD  no_AT1  interest_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  :_:    .  now_RL  this_DD1  sapphire_NN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  hair_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Empress_NNSB1  Messalina_NP  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  crouched_VVD  in_IO  terror_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  of_IO  Lucullus_NP  ,_,  awaiting_VBG  the_AT1  sword_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  executioner_NN  .    
    ah_UH  !_!    exclaimed_JJ  Farnese_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  snigger_NN  .  
    the_AT1  old_JJ  cuckold_NN  Claudius_NP  had_VHD  the_AT1  last_DA  word_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  how_CS to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  adulterous_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  eh_UH  ,_,  Orsini_NP  .    
  if_CS  the_AT1  duke_NN  made_VVD  any_DD  reply_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Vittoria_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  now_RL  they_PPHS2  entered_VVD  the_AT1  long_JJ  gallery_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  dispersed_VVD  and_CC  wandered_VVD  around_RP  ,_,  admiring_VBG  and_CC  commenting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  glowing_JJ  hues_NNS  and_CC  barbaric_JJ  splendours_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tapestries_NNS  Doria_NP  had_VHD  brought_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  Lepanto_NP  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  interval_NN  ,_,  Orsini_NP  found_VVD  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  rejoin_VV0  Vittoria_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  talk_VV0  further_RRR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  urgent_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    where_CS .    
    be_VB0  careful_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  from_IO  behind_IO  her_APP$  fan_NN  .  
    Olimpia_NP  is_VBZ  watching_VBG  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Orlando_NP  Cavalcanti_NP  ,_,  Francesco's_PPIO2  friend_NN  .    
  Orsini_NP  shot_VVD  an_AT1  impatient_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  couple_NN  .  
    the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  mole_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  indeed_RR  .    
    no_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  must_VM  know_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  ,_,    what_DDQ  you_PPY  meant_VVD  ,_,  cara_&FW  mia_&FW  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  your_APP$  freedom_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  marry_VV0  .    
  before_IO  replying_VBG  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  hastily_RR  around_RP  ,_,  then_RL  spoke_VVD  in_IO  tones_NNS  so_RG  low_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  bend_VV0  his_APP$  head_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  any_DD  man's_NN1$  mistress_NN  .  
  as_IO  to_II  marrying_VBG  again_RR  .  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  free_JJ  .  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  man_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  .  but_CCB  .  he_PPHO1  ,_,  like_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  bound_VBN  .    
  with_IO  a_AT1  swift_JJ  gesture_NN  she_PPHO1  closed_VVD  her_APP$  fan_NN  and_CC  moved_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  towards_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  standing_VBG  alone_JJ  ,_,  against_IO  that_DD1  glowing_JJ  ,_,  barbaric_JJ  background_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  deeply_RR  thoughtful_JJ  expression_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  six_MC  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  bright_JJ  unclouded_JJ  morning_NN  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Doria_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  cardinal's_NN1$  coach_NN  left_VVD  the_AT1  villa_NN  ,_,  lurched_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  unpaved_JJ  track_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  ruined_JJ  baths_NNS  of_IO  Diocletian_NP  .  
  Vittoria_NP  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  maid_NN  ,_,  Lucia_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Accoramboni_NP  villa_NN  ,_,  ostensibly_RR  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  daughterly_JJ  call_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  actually_RR  to_TO  coax_VV0  money_NN  from_IO  that_DD1  indulgent_JJ  parent_NN  to_TO  settle_VV0  her_APP$  mounting_JJ  debts_NNS  .  
  Lucia_NP  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  how_CS beautiful_JJ  her_APP$  mistress_NN  looked_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS cunningly_RR  the_AT1  olive-green_JJ  dress_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  underskirt_NN  of_IO  rose-brocade_NN  fitted_VVD  her_APP$  perfect_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  Vittoria's_PPIO2  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RG  complex_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  sparkling_JJ  society_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Doria_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  flattery_NN  of_IO  Orsini's_PPIO2  obsession_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  thwarted_JJ  ambitions_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  restless_JJ  spirit_NN  ,_,  all_DB  threw_VVD  into_IO  sharp_JJ  relief_NN  the_AT1  contrast_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  grey_JJ  life_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  splendid_JJ  one_MC1  that_PNQS filled_VVD  her_APP$  dreams_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  Villa_NNL1  Montalto_NP  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  an_AT1  alien_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  repeatedly_RR  urged_VBN  Francesco_NP  to_TO  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  separate_JJ  establishment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  invariably_RR  pleaded_VVD  his_APP$  financial_JJ  dependence_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  uncle_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  built_VBN  the_AT1  villa_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reminded_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  abide_VV0  by_IO  Roman_JJ  custom_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dwell_VV0  there_RL  with_IO  their_APP$  relations_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  values_NNS  were_VBDR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  materialist_NN  who_PNQS assesses_VBZ  every_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  in_IO  terms_NNS  of_IO  fame_NN  ,_,  power_NN  and_CC  wealth_NN  .  
  Francesco_NP  she_PPHO1  despised_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  dullness_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  initiative_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  subservience_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  uncle_NN  .  
  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  gentleness_NN  and_CC  amiability_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  unselfish_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  as_IO  signs_NNS  of_IO  weakness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  futile_JJ  creature_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  even_RR  proved_VBN  capable_JJ  of_IO  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  passion_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  experienced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  months_NNS  of_IO  marriage_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  ousted_VBN  by_IO  contempt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  loved_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  rushed_VVD  to_IO  Orsini_NP  .  
  since_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Doria_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  no_AT1  word_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  silence_NN  oppressed_VVD  her_APP$  spirits_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  misgiving_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  demanded_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  the_AT1  kiss_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  had_VHD  plumbed_VBN  unsuspected_JJ  depths_NNS  in_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  yielded_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  passion_NN  could_VM  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  match_VV0  his_PP$  .  
  every_AT1  instinct_NN  urged_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  surrender_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  in_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  own_DA  had_VHD  responded_VBN  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  responded_VBN  to_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  human_JJ  being_NN  .  
  prudence_NN  ,_,  ambition_NN  and_CC  reason_NN  had_VHD  held_VBN  instinct_NN  in_IO  check_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  must_VM  dictate_VV0  her_APP$  course_NN  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  compromise_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  interval_NN  she_PPHO1  allowed_VVD  herself_PPX1  the_AT1  luxury_NN  of_IO  dreams_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  imagine_VV0  life_NN  at_IO  Bracciano_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  balls_NNS  and_CC  fe*?5tes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  conversation_NN  of_IO  poets_NNS  and_CC  dilettanti_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  visualized_VVD  the_AT1  pageantry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tournament_NN  ,_,  and_CC  herself_PPX1  on_IO  the_AT1  ducal_JJ  dais_NN  beside_IO  Orsini_NP  ,_,  placing_VBG  a_AT1  chaplet_NN  of_IO  roses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  brows_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  young_JJ  conqueror_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lists_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  reverie_NN  was_VBDZ  rudely_RR  ended_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  coach_NN  gave_VVD  a_AT1  sickening_JJ  jolt_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  abrupt_JJ  stop_NN  ,_,  nearly_RR  throwing_VBG  the_AT1  two_MC  girls_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  seats_NNS  .  
  Lucia_NP  uttered_VVD  a_AT1  cry_NN  of_IO  alarm_NN  .  
    look_VV0  ,_,  madonna_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  surrounded_VBN  !_!    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  .  
  men_NNS  armed_VBN  with_IO  pikes_NNS  and_CC  daggers_NNS  swarmed_VVD  about_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  a_AT1  lean_JJ  ,_,  swarthy_JJ  fellow_NN  was_VBDZ  peering_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  grinning_VBG  impudently_RR  .  
    Santa_&FW  Maria_&FW  !_!    shrieked_VVD  Lucia_NP  .  
    banditti_&FW  !_!    
  Vittoria_NP  now_RL  realized_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  outside_IO  Santa_&FW  Maria_&FW  degli_&FW  Angeli_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  except_IO  for_II  a_DA  few_DA  beggars_NNS  crouching_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  and_CC  exhibiting_VBG  loathsome_JJ  sores_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  area_NN  was_VBDZ  deserted_VBN  .  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  not_XX  banditti_&FW  ,_,  Lucia_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Vittoria_NP  ,_,  pointing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  badge_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  shoulder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  words_NNS  were_VBDR  clear_JJ  .  
    beware_VV0  my_APP$  hug_NN  !_!    
  Lucia_NP  stared_VVD  speechlessly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  golden_JJ  bear_NN  ;_;  Vittoria_NP  swiftly_RR  averted_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  impertinent_JJ  glance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  retainer_NN  .  
  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  were_VBDR  chaotic_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  coach_NN  now_RL  turned_VVD  in_IO  another_DD1  direction_NN  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  wild_JJ  and_CC  desolate_JJ  region_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  baths_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sparsely_RR  inhabited_VBN  ,_,  dotted_VBN  with_IO  fallow_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  terraced_JJ  vineyards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  jutted_VVD  a_AT1  brown_JJ  outcrop_NN  of_IO  flower-wreathed_JJ  ruins_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  pathetic_JJ  reminder_NN  of_IO  Rome's_PPIO2  former_DA  greatness_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  region_NN  of_IO  Monti_NP  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  public_JJ  baths_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  built_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Caesars_NP2  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  breaking_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aqueducts_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  barbarian_JJ  invasions_NNS  the_AT1  baths_NNS  had_VHD  lost_VBN  their_APP$  purpose_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  become_VBN  stone_NN  quarries_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  precious_JJ  marble_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  burnt_VBN  for_IO  lime_NN  .  
  now_RL  escaped_JJ  criminals_NNS  and_CC  bandits_NNS  used_VVD  these_DD2  quarries_NNS  as_IO  hiding_NN  places_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  travellers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  lumbered_VVD  past_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  rattling_JJ  pace_NN  ,_,  Vittoria_NP  could_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  wisp_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  curling_VBG  above_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gypsy_NN  encampment_NN  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  tatterdemalion_JB  creatures_NNS  gathered_VBN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  cooking_VBG  their_APP$  frugal_JJ  meal_NN  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  left_VBN  far_RR  behind_RP  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  belabouring_VBG  an_AT1  overladen_JJ  donkey_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  withered_JJ  crone_NN  appeared_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  horizon_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  overtaken_VBN  and_CC  forgotten_VBN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  their_APP$  escort_NN  ,_,  Vittoria_NP  and_CC  Lucia_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  only_DA  living_JJ  creatures_NNS  on_IO  an_AT1  empty_JJ  planet_NN  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  initial_JJ  shock_NN  ,_,  Vittoria_NP  felt_VVD  calm_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  without_IO  scruple_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  .  
  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  self-absorption_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  schemes_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  other_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  equally_RR  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  schemes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  likely_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  counter_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  .  
  this_DD1  move_NN  today_NN1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  reminder_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  fact_NN  .  
  whilst_CS  she_PPHO1  automatically_RR  patted_VVD  the_AT1  hand_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  agitated_JJ  Lucia_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  brain_NN  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  rapidly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  to_TO  counter_VV0  Orsini's_PPIO2  demands_NNS  ,_,  difficult_JJ  though_CS  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  .  
  she_PPHO1  became_VVD  aware_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  pace_NN  was_VBDZ  slackening_VBG  ;_;  now_RL  the_AT1  coach_NN  stopped_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  .  
  upon_IO  the_AT1  ensuing_JJ  interview_NN  the_AT1  future_NN  would_VM  depend_VV0  .  
  outwardly_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  calm_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  beating_VBG  fast_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  palms_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  were_VBDR  damp_JJ  .  
  Orsini's_PPIO2  high-crowned_JJ  hat_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  jaunty_JJ  plume_NN  blotted_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  glancing_VBG  at_IO  Lucia_NP  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  in_IO  French_NN1  to_IO  Vittoria_NP  :_:  
    your_APP$  maid_NN  .  is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  reliable_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  replied_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  language_NN  :_:  
    yes_UH  .  
  but_CCB  make_VV0  it_PPH1  worth_IO  her_APP$  while_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  people_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    and_CC  turning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  cowering_JJ  Lucia_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  language_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  who_PNQS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  signor_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  the_AT1  Orsini_NP  .  
  my_APP$  word_NN  is_VBZ  law_NN  in_IO  Rome_NP  .    
  Lucia_NP  was_VBDZ  regarding_VBG  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  rabbit_NN  looks_VBZ  at_IO  a_AT1  stoat_NN  .  
  thrusting_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  farther_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  sombrely_RR  :_:  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  ever_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  punishment_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  cord_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  blanched_VVD  and_CC  shrank_VVD  away_RP  .  
  was_VBDZ  there_EX  not_XX  a_AT1  street_NN  near_IO  Sant'_NP  Angelo_NP  called_VBN  the_AT1  Lane_NNL1  of_IO  the_AT1  Corda_NP  where_CS criminals_NNS  were_VBDR  hoisted_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  wrists_NNS  forty_MC  ,_,  fifty_MC  ,_,  sixty_MC  feet_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dropped_VBN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  until_CS  their_APP$  arms_NNS  were_VBDR  wrenched_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  sockets_NNS  .    you_PPY  have_VH0  heard_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  Orsini_NP2  give_VV0  that_DD1  to_IO  traitors_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  escaping_VBG  the_AT1  vengeance_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  Orsini_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  hunt_VV0  a_AT1  traitor_NN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  power_NN  can_VM  save_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  or_CC  her_PPHO1  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  understand_VV0  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  signor_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  faltered_VVD  .  
    on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  continued_VVD  ,_,  giving_VBG  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  keen_JJ  look_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  Orsini_NP2  are_VBR  generous_JJ  to_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS serve_VV0  them_PPHO1  faithfully_RR  .  
  remember_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  my_APP$  girl_NN  .    
  Lucia_NP  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  speech_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  Vittoria_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  erect_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  flushed_JJ  cheeks_NNS  and_CC  eyes_NNS  sparkling_VBG  with_IO  anger_NN  .  
    and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  madonna_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  smoothly_RR  ,_,    we_PPIS2  will_VM  continue_VV0  the_AT1  conversation_NN  started_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Doria_NP  Palace_NNL1  .  
  be_VB0  pleased_JJ  to_TO  alight_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  coolly_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  prefer_VV0  to_TO  stay_VV0  where_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .    
    in_IO  that_DD1  case_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  reverted_VVD  to_IO  French_NN1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  obliged_VBN  to_TO  lift_VV0  you_PPY  from_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  .    
  without_IO  answering_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  rose_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  bending_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  agitated_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  softly_RR  :_:  
    no_PN1  one_PN  will_VM  harm_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Lucia_NP  .  
  remain_VV0  here_RL  .    
  ignoring_VBG  his_APP$  proffered_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  vehicle_NN  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  so_RG  good_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  order_VV0  your_APP$  men_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  molest_VV0  my_APP$  maid_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  coldly_RR  to_IO  Orsini_NP  .  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  safe_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  peered_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  addressed_VBN  as_IO  Luigi_NP  ,_,  and_CC  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  sharp_JJ  instructions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  Vittoria_NP  stood_VVD  looking_VBG  about_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  breathing_VBG  the_AT1  scent_NN  of_IO  thyme_NN  .  
  the_AT1  land_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  sloped_VVD  away_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  valley_NN  beyond_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  crest_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wooded_JJ  hill-side_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ruins_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  temple_NN  were_VBDR  etched_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  clear_JJ  blue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  4_MC  .  
  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  impressive_JJ  monument_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  age_NN  .  
  its_APP$  stately_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  modernistic_JJ  lines_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  dignified_JJ  portal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  ,_,  though_CS  visitors_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  overlook_VV0  various_JJ  prefabricated_JJ  buildings_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  still_RR  in_IO  use_NN  .  
  the_AT1  immigration_NN  officials_NNS  were_VBDR  courteous_JJ  ambassadors_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  Vera_NP  ,_,  though_CS  international_JJ  in_IO  outlook_NN  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  parochial_JJ  pride_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  handled_VVD  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  told_VBN  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Nicholas_NP  the_AT1  exact_JJ  time_NN  or_CC  date_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  arrival_NN  and_CC  so_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  car_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  regret_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  airport_NN  bus_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  better_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  for_IO  over_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  told_VBN  her_APP$  parents_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  disappointment_NN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  if_CS  her_APP$  plans_NNS  had_VHD  changed_VBN  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  few_DA  hours_NNS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  London_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  time_NN  to_TO  become_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  hearing_VBG  so_RG  much_DA  English_NN1  spoken_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  London_NP  she_PPHO1  savoured_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sped_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  terminal_NN  was_VBDZ  prosperous_JJ  and_CC  sleek_JJ    so_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  well-fed_JJ  cats_NNS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  sitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  gardens_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  doorsteps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trim_JJ  suburban_JJ  houses_NNS  lining_VBG  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  struck_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  odd_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  shops_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  suburban_JJ  shopping_NN  centres_NNS  resembled_VVD  those_DD2  of_IO  an_AT1  English_JJ  village_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  reminder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS the_AT1  districts_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  little_JJ  hamlets_NNS  before_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  swallowed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  London's_PPIO2  vast_JJ  sprawl_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  observed_VVD  with_IO  approval_NN  that_CS  many_DA  stages_NNS  of_IO  history_NN  were_VBDR  still_RR  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  architecture_NN  of_IO  London_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_DA  few_DA  streets_NNS  of_IO  opulent_JJ  ,_,  Victorian_JJ  houses_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  sadly_RR  declining_VBG  like_IO  gentlewomen_NNS  in_IO  straitened_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  rows_NNS  of_IO  workers'_NN2  houses_NNS  built_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .  
  some_DD  ,_,  now_RL  cheekily_RR  painted_VBN  in_IO  gay_JJ  colours_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  pots_NNS  of_IO  little_JJ  trees_NNS  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doors_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  become_VBN  the_AT1  homes_NN2  of_IO  young_JJ  artists_NNS  or_CC  writers_NNS  .  
  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  like_IO  people_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  sometimes_RR  up_RP  ,_,  sometimes_RR  down_RP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  terminal_JJ  Vera_NP  hailed_VVD  a_AT1  taxi_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hotel_NN  off_IO  Curzon_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  private_JJ  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dignified_JJ  discreet_JJ  place_NN  catering_VBG  for_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  afford_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  town_NN  houses_NNS  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  well-connected_JJ  foreign_JJ  scientists_NNS  were_VBDR  usually_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  diplomat_NN  or_CC  two_MC  and_CC  American_JJ  tourists_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  conservative_JJ  type_NN  .  
  Vera_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  stayed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  London_NP  hotel_NN  of_IO  any_DD  sort_NN  before_II  and_CC  had_VHD  at_RR  first_RR  intended_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  face_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  avoid_VV0  outside_JB  outside_JB  distractions_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  costs_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  conserve_VV0  her_APP$  strength_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  vitally_RR  important_JJ  business_NN  meetings_NNS  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  taking_VBG  part_NN  .  
  London_NP  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  sleeping_JJ  princess_NN  ,_,  awakened_VBN  to_IO  life_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  kiss_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  often_RR  its_APP$  attractions_NNS  were_VBDR  veiled_VBN  ,_,  hidden_VBN  by_IO  fog_NN  or_CC  dimmed_VBN  by_IO  grey_JJ  rain_NN  .  
  but_CCB  today_NN1  the_AT1  sun_NN  had_VHD  broken_VBN  through_RP  .  
  as_CS  her_APP$  cab_NN  sped_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  planned_VVD  an_AT1  itinerary_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  visit_VV0  her_APP$  parents_NNS  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  tomorrow_NN1  she_PPHO1  would_VM  arrange_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  her_APP$  schedule_NN  would_VM  look_VV0  after_IO  itself_PPX1  .  
  her_APP$  hotel_NN  room_NN  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  ideal_JJ  for_IO  complete_JJ  relaxation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  elegant_JJ  and_CC  neat_JJ  and_CC  Vera_NP  adored_VVD  tidiness_NN  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  porter_NN  had_VHD  brought_VBN  up_RP  her_APP$  suitcase_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD  her_APP$  mother_NN  .  
    Vera_NP  !_!  
  where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS wonderful_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  your_APP$  voice_NN  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  really_RR  here_RL  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  mother_NN  dear_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  at_IO  Crewe's_PPIO2  hotel_NN  .  
  how_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  father_NN  .    
    fine_JJ  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  his_APP$  lumbago_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  telephone_VV0  him_PPHO1  at_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  occasion_NN  .  
  when_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS long_RR  are_VBR  you_PPY  staying_VBG  .    
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  tumbled_VVD  out_RP  .  
    only_RR  two_MC  days_NNS  ,_,  mother_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  here_RL  on_IO  business_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  job_NN  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  come_VV0  over_RP  in_IO  about_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  and_CC  tell_VV0  you_PPY  all_DB  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    is_VBZ  everything_PN1  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  voice_NN  sounded_VVD  anxious_JJ  .  
    quite_RR  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  mother_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  splendid_JJ    never_RR  better_JJ  .    
    is_VBZ  Jacques_NP  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pause_NN  .  
  Vera_NP  knew_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  wrong_JJ  between_IO  her_APP$  daughter_NN  and_CC  son-in-law_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  good-bye_NN  and_CC  telephoned_VVD  her_APP$  father_NN  who_PNQS tried_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  night-school_NN  French_NN1  on_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  very_RG  slowly_RR  and_CC  correctly_RR  .  
  Vera_NP  often_RR  made_VVD  mistakes_NNS  in_IO  grammar_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  French_NN1  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  as_RG  fast_RR  as_IO  any_DD  Frenchwoman_NN1  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  could_VM  never_RR  bring_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  imperfectly_RR  .  
  his_APP$  favourite_JB  proverb_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  thing_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  done_VBN  properly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  done_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  therefore_RR  his_APP$  French_NN1  would_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  halting_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  Nicholas_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  crisp_JJ  ,_,  cool_JJ  ,_,  well-bred_JJ  voice_NN  asked_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  name_NN  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Arzrumian's_PPIO2  secretary_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  appointment_NN  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  .    
  the_AT1  secretary_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  alerted_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  impending_JJ  visit_NN  of_IO  Arzrumian_NP  .  
    one_MC1  moment_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
  thirty_MC  seconds_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    welcome_UH  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  about_IO  twelve_MC  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  have_VH0  lunch_NN  afterwards_RR  .  
  or_CC  what_DDQ  about_IO  today_NN1  .    
  Vera_NP  answered_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  my_APP$  parents_NNS  first_RR  .    
    quite_RR  right_JJ  ,_,    approved_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  .  
  Vera's_PPIO2  parents_NNS  lived_VVD  at_IO  Southgate_NP  and_CC  although_CS  the_AT1  underground_JB  service_NN  was_VBDZ  excellent_JJ  ,_,  Vera_NP  felt_VVD  justified_VBN  in_IO  indulging_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  luxury_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  taxi_NN  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  a_AT1  terrace_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  spotless_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  often_RR  exuded_VVD  ,_,  to_IO  Vera's_PPIO2  sensitive_JJ  nostrils_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  carbolic_JJ  soap_NN  and_CC  metal_NN  polish_NN  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  constantly_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  hidden_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  watching_VBG  for_IO  her_APP$  arrival_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  taxi_NN  drew_VVD  up_RP  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  hugged_VVD  and_CC  kissed_VVD  Vera_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  held_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_IO  arm's_NN1$  length_NN  .  
    how_CS is_VBZ  my_APP$  little_JJ  girl_NN  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  oblivious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Vera_NP  was_VBDZ  several_DA  inches_NNS  taller_JJ  .  
  Vera_NP  felt_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  at_RR  once_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  far_RR  better_JJ  footing_NN  than_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  .  
  mother_NN  and_CC  daughter_NN  entered_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  arm-in-arm_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  questions_NNS  began_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  so_RG  beautifully_RR  dressed_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  and_CC  added_VVD  quite_RR  inconsequentially_RR  ,_,    can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  stay_VV0  the_AT1  night_NN  .    
    not_XX  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Vera_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  prepare_VV0  some_DD  notes_NNS  for_IO  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  very_RG  important_JJ  business_NN  meeting_NN  .    
    how_CS is_VBZ  Jacques_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  longing_VBG  to_TO  meet_VV0  my_APP$  son-in-law_NN  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  really_RR  happy_JJ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  darling_NN  .    asked_VVD  her_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  gazing_VBG  at_IO  Vera_NP  searchingly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  her_APP$  great_JJ  regret_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  wedding_NN  in_IO  Hongkong_NP  .  
  Vera_NP  wondered_VVD  whether_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  imagination_NN  or_CC  was_VBDZ  there_EX  just_RR  a_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  hopefulness_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  expression_NN    did_VDD  she_PPHO1  wish_VV0  to_TO  hear_VV0  bad_JJ  news_NN  .  
  Vera's_PPIO2  old_JJ  irritation_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  returned_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    everything_PN1  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  fine_JJ  ,_,    Vera_NP  assured_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  job_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  secretary_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Arzrumian_NP  .    
    Arzrumian_NP  .    echoed_VVD  her_APP$  mother_NN  .  
    where_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    in_IO  Paris_NP  .    
    does_VBZ  Jacques_NP  approve_VV0  of_IO  you_PPY  taking_VBG  a_AT1  job_NN  .    
    anything_PN1  which_DDQ  makes_VBZ  money_NN  has_VHZ  his_APP$  approval_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Vera_NP  ,_,  tartly_RR  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  said_VVD  in_IO  scandalized_JJ  tones_NNS  that_CS  money_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  everything_PN1  and_CC  thought_VVD  how_CS hard_JJ  her_APP$  daughter_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  Brandons_NP2  were_VBDR  working-class_JJ  ,_,  without_IO  much_DA  money_NN  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  job_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  always_RR  managed_VBN  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Brandon_NP  could_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  scorn_VV0  other_DA  people's_NN2  interest_NN  in_IO  money_NN  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  arrived_VVD  at_IO  six_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  library_NN  book_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  arm_NN  as_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  after_IO  greeting_VBG  him_PPHO1  affectionately_RR  ,_,  Vera_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  religion_NN  without_IO  revelation_NN  ,_,  by_IO  Julian_NP  Huxley_NP  .  
    dear_JJ  ,_,  serious_JJ  Father_NNSB1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  
    how_CS much_RR  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  how_CS many_DA  railway_NN  employees_NNS  read_VVD  books_NNS  on_IO  philosophy_NN  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  first-rate_JJ  education_NN  by_IO  reading_VBG  good_JJ  books_NNS  and_CC  remembering_VBG  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  school_NN  at_IO  14_MC  but_CCB  could_VM  have_VH0  held_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  educated_JJ  people_NNS  .  
  Vera_NP  had_VHD  decided_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  confide_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  her_APP$  business_NN  affairs_NNS  to_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  worry_VV0  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  neither_LE  was_VBDZ  daring_JJ  nor_CC  held_VVD  views_NNS  beyond_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  mixed_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  given_VBN  them_PPHO1  quite_DA  a_AT1  jolt_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  married_VBN  Jacques_NP  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  barely_RR  a_AT1  generation_NN  removed_VBN  from_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS considered_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  quite_RR  respectable_JJ  .  
  Vera_NP  spent_VVD  a_AT1  happy_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  proudly_RR  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  round_IO  his_APP$  little_JJ  garden_NN  for_CS  ,_,  next_RR  to_IO  philosophy_NN  ,_,  gardening_NN  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  hobby_NN  and_CC  every_AT1  flower_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  rectangle_NN  was_VBDZ  carefully_RR  watched_VBN  and_CC  lovingly_RR  tended_VBN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  good-bye_NN  and_CC  both_DB2  mother_NN  and_CC  father_NN  escorted_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  underground_JB  station_NN  .  
  as_CS  Vera_NP  went_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  escalator_NN  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  her_APP$  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  waving_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  strangely_RR  moved_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  elderly_JJ  figures_NNS  above_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  roared_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  rush_NN  of_IO  pungent_JJ  air_NN  .  
  Vera_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  her_APP$  comfortable_JJ  seat_NN  ,_,  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  thought_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  sadly_RR  about_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  Green_NP  Park_NNL1  station_NN  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  walk_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  streets_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  been_VBN  cleared_VBN  .  
  several_DA  young_JJ  women_NNS  in_IO  eye-catching_JJ  well-made_JJ  clothes_NNS  stood_VVD  at_IO  every_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  spoke_VVD  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  French_NN1  .  
  an_AT1  expensively_RR  dressed_JJ  little_JJ  man_NN  turned_VVD  a_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  approached_VVD  Vera_NP  .  
    how_CS much_DA  do_VD0  you_PPY  charge_VV0  ,_,  dear_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  Vera_NP  looked_VVD  contemptuously_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    more_DA  than_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  afford_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  good_JJ  man_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  stalked_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  wryly_RR  amused_VBN  .  
  reaching_VBG  her_APP$  hotel_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  overjoyed_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  huge_JJ  bouquet_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  vase_NN  placed_VBN  beside_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  already_RR  filled_VBN  with_IO  water_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  card_NN  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  :_:  
    from_IO    Arsenic_NP    to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Vital_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  devoted_JJ  secretary_NN  .    
  so_RR  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  gallant_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  shrewd_JJ  businessman_NN  !_!  
  next_DA  morning_NN  ,_,  Vera_NP  walked_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  Park_NNL1  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  Buckingham_NP  Palace_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  ornamental_JJ  lake_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  exhilarating_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  back_RP  again_RR  .  
  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  early_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  tourists_NNS  were_VBDR  wandering_VBG  about_RP  already_RR  .  
  a_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  was_VBDZ  watching_VBG  open-mouthed_JJ  the_AT1  sentries_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  scarlet_JJ  uniforms_NNS  outside_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  .  
  Americans_NP2  posed_VVD  for_IO  their_APP$  pictures_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  as_IO  a_AT1  background_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  extraordinary_JJ  how_CS attractive_JJ  Americans_NP2  found_VVD  royalty_NN  and_CC  nobility_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  watch_NN  and_CC  decided_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  appointment_NN  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  was_VBDZ  pleased_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  conducting_VBG  a_AT1  test_NN  of_IO    Hairmone_NP    .  
  his_APP$  head_NN  was_VBDZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  coppery_JJ  red_JJ  hair_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  look_VV0  many_DA  years_NNS  younger_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  an_AT1  inch_NN  long_JJ    long_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  a_AT1  crew-cut_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  grateful_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  ,_,  running_VBG  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  thatch_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  happen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  if_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  had_VHD  hesitated_VBN  about_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  business_NN  with_IO  Vera_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  her_APP$  staunch_JJ  ally_NN  .  
    this_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  ,_,  tapping_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,    is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  convince_VV0  that_DD1  obstinate_JJ  old_JJ  buzzard_NN  ,_,  Eric_NP  Selby_NP  ,_,  to_TO  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  hard-headed_JJ  Yorkshireman_NN1  and_CC  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  his_APP$  advice_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  involved_VBN  in_IO  several_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  business_NN  ventures_NNS  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  twist_VV0  his_APP$  arm_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  take_VV0  on_RP  new_JJ  commitments_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  the_AT1  penalty_NN  of_IO  success_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  left_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  when_CS Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  had_VHD  signed_VBN  more_DA  letters_NNS  and_CC  Eric_NP  Selby_NP  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  from_IO  Vera_NP  to_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Arthur_NP  and_CC  was_VBDZ  astonished_VBN  and_CC  amused_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
    Arthur_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  toupee_NN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS red_JJ  .    
    toupee_NN  be_VB0  damned_VBN  ,_,    said_VVD  Nicholas_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  about_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  lunch_NN  .    
  Vera_NP  sat_VVD  opposite_IO  Eric_NP  Selby_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  noted_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  medium_JB  height_NN  ,_,  very_RG  thin_JJ  and_CC  gave_VVD  an_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  greyness_NN  .  
  now_RL  studying_VBG  him_PPHO1  more_RG  closely_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  greyness_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  dominant_JJ  characteristic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  thick_JJ  ,_,  rather_RR  long_JJ  ,_,  grey_JJ  hair_NN  .  
    not_XX  a_AT1  future_JB  client_NN  for_IO    Hairmone_NP    ,_,    she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  a_AT1  grey_JJ  Savile_NP  Row_NNL1  suit_NN  of_IO  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  colour_NN  as_IO  his_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  greyish-blue_JJ    the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  winter_NN  sky_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  heavy_JJ  framed_JJ  glasses_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  professorial_JJ  look_NN  .  
  if_CS  accents_NNS  have_VH0  colours_NNS  ,_,  his_PP$  was_VBDZ  grey_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  north-country_JB  voice_NN  .    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  that_DD1  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  loudly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  by_IO  speaking_VBG  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  released_VBN  anger_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  gathering_VBG  against_IO  him_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  standing_VBG  next_RR  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  keeping_VBG  his_APP$  face_NN  completely_RR  serious_JJ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Horn_NP  swayed_VVD  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  inches_NNS  back_RP  then_RL  forward_RR  as_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  wind_NN  had_VHD  struck_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  her_APP$  thick_JJ  neck_NN  and_CC  shoulders_NNS  a_AT1  shake_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  probably_RR  thought_VVD  a_AT1  convulsive_JJ  shudder_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  Martin_NP  is_VBZ  n't_XX  old_JJ  enough_RGA  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  low_JJ  voice_NN  of_IO  drama_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  assuming_VBG  for_IO  convenience_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  attack_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  on_IO  Martin_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  happened_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  credited_VVD  other_DA  people_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  short_JJ  memory_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  past_IO  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  hall_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  knowing_VBG  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  turned_VBN  to_TO  watch_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  some_DD  warning_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  imagine_VV0  his_APP$  mother_NN  saying_VBG  later_RRR  ,_,  
    if_CS  only_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  sense_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  disturb_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_DD1  first_MD  evening_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  past_IO  the_AT1  cream_JJ  banisters_NNS  ,_,  down_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  cooker_NN  .  
  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  the_AT1  doctor_NN  said_VVD  ,_,      \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mason_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  worry_VV0  you_PPY  .    then_RL  they_PPHS2  passed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  and_CC  closed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  quickly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  ,_,  now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  talk_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  question_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  bringing_VBG  confusion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
  when_CS Martin_NP  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  going_VBG  on_RP  speaking_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  his_APP$  balanced_JJ  speaking_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  short_JJ  level_JJ  snubs_NNS  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  her_APP$  interruptions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  interrupting_VBG  because_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  understanding_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  snubbing_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  presently_RR  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  letting_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  turned_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  doctor_NN  say_VV0  ,_,  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mason_NP  .    
  after_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Mason_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  back_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  her_PPHO1  coming_VBG  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deal_NN  table_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  against_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  stroke_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  meaning_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  say_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  .    
  Martin_NP  kept_VVD  still_JJ  ,_,  facing_VBG  away_RP  .  
    how_CS serious_JJ  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  .  
  good_JJ  gracious_JJ  me_PPIO1  ,_,  no_UH  !_!    
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  anything_PN1  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .    
    I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  can_VM  remember_VV0  very_RG  well_RR  indeed_RGA  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  as_CS  usual_JJ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  seem_VV0  stupid_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  how_CS to_TO  persuade_VV0  her_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  up_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  waiting_VBG  ,_,  expecting_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  someone_PN1  we_PPIS2  could_VM  trust_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  deal_NN  table_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  from_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  down_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  and_CC  upstairs_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  cry_VV0  because_IO  of_II  this_DD1  rude_JJ  way_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  and_CC  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  loud_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  hear_VV0  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  triangular_JJ  stained-wood_JB  stair-rods_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  its_APP$  lacquered_JJ  brass_NN  clip_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  half-landing_NN  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  porthole_NN  window_NN  .  
  the_AT1  engine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  car_NN  revved_VVD  loudly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  controlled_VVD  it_PPH1  clumsily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  headlights_NNS  came_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  lighting_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  window_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  two-inch_JB  orange_JJ  border_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  often_RR  complained_VBN  about_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  choice_NN  of_IO  doctor_NN  and_CC  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  why_CS his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  chosen_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  bear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  the_AT1  absurd_JJ  business_NN  too_RG  seriously_RR  ,_,  who_PNQS realized_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  sad_JJ  joke_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  living_VBG  for_IO  only_RR  seventy_MC  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  worse_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  treated_VVD  it_PPH1  as_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  landing_NN  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  in_IO  front_II  of_II  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  door_NN  ,_,  not_XX  sure_JJ  whether_CS  to_TO  knock_VV0  .  
  something_PN1  moved_VVD  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  halfway_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  her_APP$  head_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  how_CS she_PPHO1  got_VVD  there_RL  without_IO  making_VBG  a_AT1  noise_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  usually_RR  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  heavily_RR  ,_,  lifting_VBG  her_APP$  knees_NNS  sideways_RR  as_CS  if_CS  her_APP$  feet_NNS  were_VBDR  weighted_VBN  ,_,  frowning_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  reconciled_VBN  herself_PPX1  to_IO  things_NNS  which_DDQ  hurt_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  frightened_JJ  that_CS  when_CS bad_JJ  things_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  happen_VV0  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  so_RG  little_DA  habit_NN  of_IO  optimism_NN  to_TO  support_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  or_CC  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  might_VM  never_RR  understand_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  worse_JJ  than_CS  going_VBG  upstairs_RL  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  this_DD1  time_NN  raising_VBG  her_APP$  arm_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  long-sleeved_JJ  blouse_NN  to_TO  point_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  in_RP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  low_JJ  light_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  chest_NN  of_IO  drawers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  beds_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  one_MC1  flat_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  blankets_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  raised_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  heap_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  lay_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  .  
  his_APP$  chest_NN  was_VBDZ  curiously_RR  high_JJ  and_CC  sharp_JJ  like_IO  a_AT1  pigeon's_NN1$  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  a_AT1  thin_JJ  dressing-gown_NN  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  under_IO  the_AT1  bedclothes_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  white_JJ  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  shiny_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  damp_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  Martin_NP  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asleep_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  open_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  move_VV0  his_APP$  head_NN  but_CCB  after_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  no_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  or_CC  even_RR  smile_VV0  .  
  presently_RR  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  them_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  Martin_NP  doubted_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  turned_VBN  them_PPHO1  far_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RR  unlike_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  his_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  accept_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  smile_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  accepted_VVD  everything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  how_CS much_RR  worse_JJ  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  that_CS  his_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  here_RL  alone_JJ  and_CC  terrified_VBN  by_IO  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  to_TO  prove_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  true_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bedclothes_NNS  where_CS he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  shoulder_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  below_II  and_CC  he_PPHO1  pressed_VVD  it_PPH1  gently_RR  ,_,  trying_VBG  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  convey_VV0  the_AT1  sympathy_NN  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  gave_VVD  no_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  noticed_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  lump_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pillow_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  quickly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  telephoning_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  below_II  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  feeling_VBG  ill_JJ  for_IO  weeks_NNS  and_CC  said_VBN  nothing_PN1  .  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  like_IO  Herbert_NP  .  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  .  .  
  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  not_XX  one_MC1  word_NN  .  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  dear_NN  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  anything_PN1  fresh_JJ  .  .    
  a_AT1  nurse_NN  came_VVD  three_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  day_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  his_APP$  father_NN  up_RP  to_TO  feed_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  this_DD1  happen_VV0  but_CCB  had_VHD  no_AT1  appetite_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  plates_NNS  she_PPHO1  brought_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  often_RR  had_VHD  white_JJ  mouthfuls_NNS  of_IO  steamed_JJ  fish_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  chewed_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  swallow_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  speak_VV0  or_CC  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  no_AT1  point_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  things_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  hoarse_JJ  whisper_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  ahead_RR  as_CS  if_CS  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  people_NNS  to_IO  either_LE  side_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  got_VVD  further_RRR  than_IO  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  words_NNS  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  lay_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  open_JJ  .  
  after_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  there_EX  seemed_VVD  nothing_PN1  Martin_NP  could_VM  do_VD0  and_CC  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  again_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  given_VBN  the_AT1  speech_NN  to_IO  Burridge_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  ,_,  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS time_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  confused_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  explain_VV0  his_APP$  failure_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  illness_NN  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  bed_NN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  cheerfully_RR  how_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  feeling_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  these_DD2  questions_NNS  ,_,  left_VBN  unanswered_JJ  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  lead_VV0  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  bad_JJ  answers_NNS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  understand_VV0  their_APP$  terrible_JJ  irrelevance_NN  to_IO  everything_PN1  his_APP$  father_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  feeling_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  knew_VVD  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  new_JJ  morning_NN  schedules_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  Alton_NP  line_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  showing_VBG  him_PPHO1  how_CS completely_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  failing_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  idea_NN  his_APP$  father_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  say_VV0  hopeful_JJ  things_NNS  about_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  too_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  his_APP$  usual_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  away_RP  quickly_RR  ,_,  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  for_IO  quarter_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  little_DA  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  had_VHD  changed_VBN  and_CC  outside_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  strong_JJ  winds_NNS  swayed_VVD  the_AT1  heavily_RR  leafed_JJ  chestnut_NN  tree_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  summer_NN  evening_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  showing_VBG  the_AT1  wet_JJ  concrete_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  next_DA  door_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  when_CS the_AT1  whole_JJ  top_NN  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  sideways_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  violent_JJ  gust_NN  showing_VBG  the_AT1  grey_JJ  clouds_NNS  moving_VBG  fast_RR  above_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  badly_RR  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  how_CS sorry_JJ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  offhand_JJ  way_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sometimes_RR  behaved_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  surprised_JJ  that_CS  any_DD  person_NN  could_VM  bear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  hard_JJ  to_IO  another_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  when_CS his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  happy_JJ  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  hope_NN  then_RL  which_DDQ  had_VHD  gone_VBN  later_RRR  .  
  things_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  settled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  way_NN  they_PPHS2  later_RRR  became_VVD  settled_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  Bowerses_NP2  and_CC  Bowers_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  building_VBG  a_AT1  mud_NN  wall_NN  ,_,  some_DD  rustic_JJ  craft_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  discovered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  planks_NNS  set_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  form_VV0  a_AT1  mould_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  wet_JJ  mud_NN  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  remember_VV0  Bowers'_PPIO2  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  amusement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  responded_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  how_CS as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  wheeled_VBN  the_AT1  barrows_NNS  of_IO  sloshy_JJ  mud_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  sung_VBN  songs_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  now_RL  realized_VVD  had_VHD  been_VBN  parts_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  opera_NN  they_PPHS2  half_RR  knew_VVD  and_CC  half_RR  could_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  .  
  Bowers_NP  had_VHD  sung_VBN  the_AT1  male_JJ  voice_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  father_NN  the_AT1  female_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  great_JJ  seriousness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  half_RR  mock_JJ  half_RR  real_JJ  .  
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  remember_VV0  the_AT1  vicious_JJ  things_NNS  his_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  said_VBN  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bowers_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  questioned_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  believe_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  wicked_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  said_VBN  these_DD2  things_NNS  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  contradicted_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  mistake_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  blamed_VBN  when_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bowers'_PPIO2  fault_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  remember_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  why_CS his_APP$  father_NN  did_VDD  nothing_PN1  about_IO  this_DD1  .  
    but_CCB  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  all_DB  seemed_VBN  so_RG  simple_JJ  but_CCB  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  shaken_VBN  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  another_DD1  job_NN  ,_,  then_RL  quite_RR  soon_RR  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  sometimes_RR  seemed_VVD  to_IO  Martin_NP  that_CS  this_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  best_JJT  time_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  .  
  being_VBG  compelled_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  job_NN  which_DDQ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  questioning_VBG  and_CC  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  failing_VBG  at_IO  had_VHD  suited_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS his_APP$  father_NN  told_VVD  stories_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  a_AT1  curious_JJ  happiness_NN  came_VVD  over_IO  him_PPHO1  which_DDQ  the_AT1  stories_NNS  themselves_PPX2  did_VDD  not_XX  explain_VV0  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  one_MC1  about_IO  helping_VBG  to_TO  break_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  bottles_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  bar_NN  in_IO  Cairo_NP  and_CC  waking_VBG  up_RP  there_RL  next_DA  morning_NN  laid_VBN  out_RP  between_IO  two_MC  chairs_NNS  with_IO  nothing_PN1  on_RP  but_IO  his_APP$  boots_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  his_APP$  mother_NN  had_VHD  particularly_RR  disliked_VBN  .  
  once_RR  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  shown_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  small_JJ  automatic_JJ  pistol_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  something_PN1  exciting_JJ  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  capture_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  his_APP$  father_NN  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  smiling_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  at_IO  something_PN1  the_AT1  question_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  remember_VV0  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  again_RR  .  
    someone_PN1  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  me_PPIO1  .    
  Martin_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  liked_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  questioning_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  suspecting_VBG  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  intrusion_NN  on_IO  some_DD  private_JJ  memory_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  respect_VV0  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  his_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  advertising_NN  agency_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  liked_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  even_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  it_PPH1  to_TO  take_VV0  up_RP  tutoring_VBG  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  school_NN  textbooks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  .  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  morosely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  how_CS old_JJ  are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  twenty-four_MC    and_CC  fully_RR  grown_VBN  as_CS  others_DA2  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  twenty-seven_MC  .  
  still_RR  young_JJ  in_IO  years_NNS  perhaps_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  pretty_RR  old_JJ  in_IO  hours_NNS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  really_RR  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  never_RR  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  only_RR  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  love_NN  I_PPIS1  will_VM  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  inexperienced_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  thanks_NNS  for_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  get_VV0  huffy_JJ  .  
  why_CS do_VD0  men_NNS  always_RR  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  great_JJ  lovers_NNS  by_IO  nature_NN  .  
  to_TO  copulate_VV0  is_VBZ  natural_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  love_NN  's_VBZ  an_AT1  art_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  no_AT1  artist_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  !_!  
  all_DB  men_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  like_IO  all_DB  artists_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  need_VV0  training_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  roll_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Polytechnic_NNL1  .  
  Liszt_NP  and_CC  Tchaikovski_NP  were_VBDR  born_JJ  geniuses_NNS  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  learn_VV0  how_CS to_TO  read_VV0  and_CC  write_VV0  notes_NNS  .  
  love_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  natural_JJ  act_NN  .  
  so_PN1  's_VBZ  singing_NN  and_CC  dancing_NN    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  still_RR  need_VV0  training_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  the_AT1  preliminaries_NNS  of_IO  love_NN  are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  important_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS art_NN  comes_VBZ  in_RP  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  learn_VV0  what_DDQ  women_NNS  like_VV0  before_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  bring_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  best_JJT  in_IO  them_PPHO1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_DD1  pretty_RR  obvious_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  vulgar_JJ  .  
  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  vulgar_JJ  to_TO  want_VV0  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  things_NNS  you_PPY  do_VD0  want_VV0  !_!  
  no_UH  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  needs_VBZ  food_NN    but_CCB  you_PPY  cook_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  it_PPH1  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  needs_VBZ  physical_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  many_DA  reasons_NNS  but_CCB  prefers_VBZ  it_PPH1  served_VBN  with_IO  attraction_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  can_VM  a_AT1  man_NN  do_VD0  .  
  boy_UH  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  kidding_VBG  !_!  
  ah_UH  well_UH  ,_,  our_APP$  love_NN  affair_NN  was_VBDZ  short_JJ  if_CS  not_XX  sweet_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  mean_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  're_VBR  willing_JJ  to_TO  sacrifice_VV0  yourself_PPX1  again_RR  .  
  for_IO  answer_NN  she_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  him_PPHO1  back_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  cushions_NNS  and_CC  brought_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  very_RG  close_RR  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  kiss_VV0  my_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
  anger_NN  and_CC  desire_NN  fought_VVD  within_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  blow_NN  for_IO  blow_NN  .  
  her_APP$  red_JJ  mouth_NN  came_VVD  closer_RRR  and_CC  brushed_VVD  against_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  light_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  feather_NN  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  came_VVD  soft_JJ  and_CC  sweet_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  marshmallow_NN  :_:  
  just_RR  brush_VV0  them_PPHO1  like_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  this_DD1  .  and_CC  this_DD1  .  you_PPY  'll_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  blood_NN  pulsing_VBG  .  do_VD0  n't_XX  attack_VV0  a_AT1  mouth_NN  as_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  dipping_VBG  a_AT1  mop_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  slop-bucket_NN  .  always_RR  go_VV0  much_RR  slower_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  ,_,  it_PPH1  increases_VBZ  desire_NN  .  .  
  and_CC  Desire_NP  came_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  straight_JJ  left_NN  and_CC  Anger_NP  staggered_VVD  .  .  
  her_APP$  lips_NNS  parted_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pink_JJ  tongue_NN  came_VVD  slowly_RR  out_RP  and_CC  caressed_VVD  his_APP$  mouth_NN  from_IO  corner_NN  to_IO  corner_NN  ,_,  deliciously_RR  slow_JJ  ,_,  back_RP  and_CC  forwards_RR  ,_,  slipping_VBG  in_RP  a_AT1  fraction_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  inch_NN  and_CC  out_RP  again_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  rhythm_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drum_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  started_VBN  somewhere_RR  inside_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  murmur_NN  ,_,  caressing_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  words_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  as_RG  sweet_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  naughty_JJ  and_CC  nonsensical_JJ  .  
  Desire_NP  followed_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  nasty_JJ  rights_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  Anger_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS gave_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  knees_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  head_NN  moved_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  lips_NNS  and_CC  tongue_NN  spoke_VVD  a_AT1  language_NN  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  without_IO  having_VHG  learned_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  her_APP$  tongue_NN  went_VVD  in_RP  deeper_RRR  and_CC  touched_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  gliding_VBG  round_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  pulling_VBG  it_PPH1  in_RP  and_CC  letting_VBG  it_PPH1  go_VV0  .  
  Desire_NP  uppercutted_VVD  neatly_RR  and_CC  Anger_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  full_JJ  count_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  into_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  saw_VVD  the_AT1  immeasurable_JJ  depth_NN  of_IO  eternity_NN  that_PNQS God_NP  has_VHZ  put_VBN  in_IO  there_RL  for_IO  man_NN  to_TO  lose_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  over_RP  now_RL  and_CC  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  murmured_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  soft_JJ  and_CC  caressing_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  kiss_NN  :_:  
  look_VV0  at_IO  my_APP$  throat_NN  .  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  kiss_VV0  it_PPH1  .  to_TO  follow_VV0  its_APP$  lines_NNS  and_CC  taste_VV0  my_APP$  skin_NN  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  forgot_VVD  time_NN  and_CC  place_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  master_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  gently_RR  led_VBN  along_IO  erotic_JJ  paths_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  existed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  never_RR  trodden_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  learned_VVD  how_CS to_TO  use_VV0  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  how_CS to_TO  adore_VV0  that_DD1  body_NN  without_IO  haste_NN  ,_,  how_CS to_TO  caress_VV0  every_AT1  inch_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  to_TO  creep_VV0  down_RP  along_IO  her_APP$  smooth_JJ  muscles_NNS  till_CS  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  himself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  rapture_NN  of_IO  kisses_NNS  in_IO  places_NNS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  dreamed_VBN  of_IO  ,_,  where_CS life_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  ooze_VV0  and_CC  quickened_VVD  his_APP$  heart_NN  beat_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  thunder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  head_NN  thrown_VBN  back_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  pool_NN  of_IO  hair_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  blood-red_JJ  lips_NNS  parted_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  beating_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  throat_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mouth_NN  did_VDD  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  no_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  could_VM  stand_VV0  without_IO  dying_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  living_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  ocean_NN  of_IO  voluptuousness_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS swelled_VVD  and_CC  ebbed_VVD  over_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  under_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  through_IO  him_PPHO1  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  having_VHG  a_AT1  ball_NN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  twiddled_VVD  the_AT1  \0TV_NN  set_NN  with_IO  shaking_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  calmly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  smoking_VBG  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  white_JJ  with_IO  two_MC  red_JJ  blotches_NNS  .  
  hers_PP$  was_VBDZ  flushed_JJ  and_CC  lovely_JJ  .  
  \0O.K_UH  teacher_NN  !_!  
  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  any_RG  better_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  !_!  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  need_VV0  teaching_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_DA  little_DA  coaxing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  ran_VVD  his_APP$  finger_NN  down_RP  along_IO  her_APP$  spine_NN  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  now_RL  .  
  like_IO  yesterday_NN1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  extremely_RR  fond_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  my_APP$  physical_JJ  wants_NNS  does_VBZ  not_XX  change_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  before_IO  long_RR  you_PPY  'll_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  satisfaction_NN  that_PNQS 'll_VM  set_VV0  me_PPIO1  rocking_VBG  on_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  only_RR  fond_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  no_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  your_APP$  type_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  make_VV0  you_PPY  miserable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  very_RG  probably_RR  be_VB0  unfaithful_JJ  and_CC  that_DD1  'd_VM  kill_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  unfaithful_JJ  too_RR  ,_,  to_TO  teach_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  lesson_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  work_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  to_TO  spite_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  never_RR  do_VD0  it_PPH1  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  .  
  to_IO  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  'd_VM  be_VB0  immaterial_JJ  whether_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  retaliate_VV0  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  go_VV0  crazy_JJ  if_CS  that_DD1  situation_NN  arose_VVD  .  
  pretty_RR  conceited_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  truthful_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  the_AT1  faithful_JJ  type_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  marry_VV0  a_AT1  darned_RR  attractive_JJ  girl_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  never_RR  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  because_CS  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  all_DB  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  by_IO  day_NN  and_CC  night_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  ,_,  considering_CS  that_CS  60_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  all_DB  married_JJ  women_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  never_RR  get_VV0  full_JJ  satisfaction_NN  .  
  mostly_RR  because_CS  40_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  never_RR  expect_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  real_JJ  pleasure_NN  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  are_VBR  convinced_VBN  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  their_APP$  duty_NN  to_TO  suffer_VV0  the_AT1  husband_NN  ,_,  and_CC  20_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  because_CS  they_PPHS2  never_RR  dare_VV0  talk_VV0  or_CC  do_VD0  it_PPH1  by_IO  daylight_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  dare_VV0  tell_VV0  a_AT1  loving_JJ  husband_NN  they_PPHS2  only_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  like_VV0  it_PPH1  when_CS he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  already_RR  had_VHN  his_APP$  fun_NN  and_CC  prepares_VBZ  for_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  dare_VV0  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  that_CS  tastes_NNS  differ_VV0  just_RR  as_RG  much_RR  in_IO  sex_NN  as_CS  in_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  man's_NN1$  duty_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  experiment_VV0  .  
  \0O.K_UH  .  
  now_RL  look_VV0  in_IO  your_APP$  tea-leaves_NNS  again_RR  and_CC  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  in_IO  store_NN  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  never_RR  told_VBN  you_PPY  .  
  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  marrying_VBG  Mason_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  sculptor_NN  .  
  his_APP$  affair_NN  with_IO  Charlie_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  period_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  so_RG  far_RR  .  
  Sheila_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  disconcertingly_RR  observant_JJ  little_JJ  pigeon_NN  for_IO  all_DB  her_APP$  reserve_NN  and_CC  innocence_NN  ,_,  once_RR  hit_VVD  the_AT1  nail_NN  fully_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  in_IO  life_NN  except_IO  money_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  enough_RGA    for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  that_DD1  is_VBZ  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  thrown_VBN  his_APP$  pride_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  and_CC  accepted_VBN  Charlie's_PPIO2  superiority_NN  in_IO  seduction_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  a_AT1  prettier_JJ  teacher_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  greater_JJ  pleasure_NN  than_CS  to_TO  watch_VV0  his_APP$  improvements_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  would_VM  genuinely_RR  sigh_VV0  and_CC  toss_VV0  her_APP$  lovely_JJ  head_NN  in_IO  sweet_JJ  agony_NN  .  
  to_TO  observe_VV0  the_AT1  colour_NN  rise_VV0  in_IO  her_APP$  cheek_NN  and_CC  hear_VV0  her_APP$  breath_NN  come_VV0  faster_RRR  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  slight_JJ  beads_NNS  of_IO  sweat_NN  come_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  her_APP$  glistening_JJ  skin_NN  and_CC  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  move_VV0  with_IO  uncontrolled_JJ  rhythm_NN  .  
  to_TO  have_VH0  her_PPHO1  twist_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  caress_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  purposely_RR  withholding_VBG  ,_,  to_TO  hear_VV0  her_APP$  deep-throated_JJ  moan_NN  of_IO  full_JJ  satisfaction_NN  and_CC  feel_VV0  her_APP$  shivering_JJ  ,_,  clawing_JJ  surrender_NN  .  
  not_XX  so_RG  dusty_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  might_VM  say_VV0  afterwards_RR  ,_,  drawing_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  wow_NN  !_!  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  him_PPHO1  motherly_RR  :_:  
  you_PPY  just_RR  wait_VV0  till_CS  you_PPY  teach_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  you_PPY  really_RR  love_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  protest_VV0  any_RR  more_RRR  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  because_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  untrue_JJ  .  
  instead_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
  will_VM  that_DD1  be_VB0  better_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  :_:  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  man's_NN1$  nature_NN  to_TO  teach_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  teach_VV0  those_DD2  we_PPIS2  love_VV0  is_VBZ  double_JJ  pleasure_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  might_VM  add_VV0  :_:  
  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  lights_NNS  on_RP  .  
  you_PPY  lose_VV0  half_DB  the_AT1  fun_NN  when_CS you_PPY  fumble_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  many_DA  direct_JJ  comments_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  once_RR  she_PPHO1  quietly_RR  pushed_VVD  him_PPHO1  back_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  too_RG  fully_RR  and_CC  too_RG  soon_RR  :_:  
  oi_UH  ,_,  not_XX  yet_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  oaf_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  my_APP$  mouth_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  a_AT1  billposter's_NN1$  bucket_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  plunged_VBN  in_IO  at_RR  random_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  laugh_VV0  when_CS something_PN1  went_VVD  wrong_RR  or_CC  the_AT1  situation_NN  became_VVD  ludicrous_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  caught_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  raw_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  forgotten_VBN  to_TO  lock_VV0  his_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  Derek_NP  had_VHD  walked_VBN  in_RP  unexpectedly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  just_RR  had_VHN  time_NN  to_TO  nip_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  there_RL  shivering_VBG  for_IO  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  while_CS  their_APP$  guest_NN  was_VBDZ  smoking_VBG  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  Derek_NP  got_VVD  tired_JJ  and_CC  left_VVD  .  
  just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  ,_,  erupted_VVD  Charlie_NP  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  stayed_VBN  any_RR  longer_RRR  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  jolly_RR  well_RR  have_VH0  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  so_RG  darned_RR  cold_JJ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  two_MC  men_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  perverted_JJ  sex-maniac_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  dare_VV0  .  
  show_VV0  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  need_VV0  help_NN  .  
  once_RR  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  marriage_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  why_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  her_APP$  sculptor_NN  .  
  because_CS  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  older_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  what_DDQ  attracts_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  physical_JJ  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  so_RG  great_JJ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  bit_NN  scared_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1    a_AT1  woman_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  bit_NN  scared_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  really_RR  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS you_PPY  could_VM  never_RR  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  correct_JJ  ,_,  ducky_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  just_RR  wait_VV0  till_CS  you_PPY  meet_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS thinks_VBZ  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  god_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  make_VV0  you_PPY  feel_VV0  like_IO  one_MC1  !_!  
  you_PPY  think_VV0  that_DD1  sculptor_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  god_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  need_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  the_AT1  heart_NN  beat_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS about_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  side_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  quite_DA  an_AT1  erotic_JJ  little_JJ  beast_NN  ;_;  can_VM  he_PPHO1  satisfy_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  you_PPY  youngsters_NNS  always_RR  overestimate_VV0  yourselves_PPX2  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  and_CC  does_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  impotent_JJ  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  still_RR  love_VV0  and_CC  want_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  sides_NNS  to_IO  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  'll_VM  never_RR  know_VV0  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  feel_VV0  guilty_JJ  living_VBG  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  often_RR  !_!  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  Mary_NP  had_VHD  married_VBN  her_APP$  bill_NN  broker_NN  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  now_RL  shuddered_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  clinical_JJ  weekends_NNS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  spend_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  often_RR  used_VVD  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  imagine_VV0  her_APP$  reactions_NNS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  treated_VBN  her_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  Charlie_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  imagination_NN  failed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  efficient_JJ  little_JJ  Mary_NP  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  called_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  shocking_JJ  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  business_NN  !_!  
  Charlie_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  perfectly_RR  at_IO  home_NN1  at_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  artistic_JJ  circles_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  amongst_IO  others_DA2  wangled_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  membership_NN  ticket_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  club_NN  for_IO  artists_NNS  only_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  situated_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  huge_JJ  old-fashioned_JJ  house_NN  and_CC  lit_VBN  by_IO  candle-light_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  made_VVD  it_PPH1  seem_VV0  very_RG  romantic_JJ  through_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  or_CC  other_DA  and_CC  which_DDQ  made_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  check_VV0  bills_NNS  very_RG  carefully_RR  .  
  Charlie_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  sometimes_RR  went_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  meal_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  food_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  three_MC  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  made_VVD  just_RR  sufficient_JJ  noise_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  piano_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  accordion_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  drums_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  enable_VV0  the_AT1  patrons_NNS  to_TO  cling_VV0  together_RR  and_CC  call_VV0  it_PPH1  dancing_VBG  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  never_RR  any_DD  rock_NN  and_CC  rolling_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Chipsteak_NP  club_NN  .  
  its_APP$  members_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  care_VV0  for_IO  physical_JJ  exercise_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  hostesses_NNS  who_PNQS changed_VVD  constantly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  certainly_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  of_IO  hostesses_NNS  usually_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  small_JJ  clubs_NNS  ;_;  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  many_DA  a_AT1  member_NN  had_VHD  often_RR  found_VBN  them_PPHO1  very_RG  amenable_JJ  if_CS  given_VBN  sufficient_JJ  time_NN    and_CC  attention_NN  .  
  Charlie_NP  knew_VVD  practically_RR  every_AT1  one_MC1  there_RL  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  Irish_JJ  painter_NN  who_PNQS sat_VVD  glued_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  corner_NN  every_AT1  night_NN  from_IO  opening_NN  at_IO  eight_MC  till_IO  closing_NN  at_IO  one-thirty_MC  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  latest_JJT  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  of_IO  hostesses_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  girls_NNS  soon_RR  lost_VVD  interest_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS they_PPHS2  found_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  neither_LE  a_AT1  painter_NN  nor_CC  an_AT1  assistant_NN  film-producer_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  alone_JJ  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  the_AT1  motley_JJ  lot_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  .  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  hero_NN  in_IO  another_DD1  context_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  ,_,  by_IO  any_DD  stroke_NN  of_IO  circumstance_NN  or_CC  fate_NN  ,_,  be_VB0  linked_VBN  with_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  now_RL  concocted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  calculated_VBN  to_TO  place_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  romantic_JJ  light_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  seem_VV0  more_RG  pitiable_JJ    and_CC  for_IO  that_DD1  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  hated_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  her_PPHO1  brash_JJ  and_CC  vulgar_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  teller_NN  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  occasionally_RR  become_VBN  ,_,  of_IO  dirty_JJ  stories_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  chummy_JJ  and_CC  uncomplicated_JJ  as_CS  being_VBG  with_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  home_NN1  that_DD1  night_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  excuse_NN    lies_NNS  were_VBDR  contagious_JJ  things_NNS    his_APP$  car_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  dock_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  taxi_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1    which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  pay_VV0  for_IO  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  it_PPH1  outside_RP  .  
  while_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  met_VBN  your_APP$  neighbour_NN  yet_RR  .    
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  hall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  car_NN  had_VHD  driven_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  which_DDQ  stepped_VVD  a_AT1  grey-haired_JJ  woman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  Persian_JJ  lamb_NN  coat_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  his_APP$  neighbour_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  one_MC1  Thornie_NP  meant_VVD  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  less_RG  tall_JJ  and_CC  also_RR  younger_JJ  .  
    no_UH  .    
    seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  about_RP  at_IO  all_DB  .    
    now_RL  and_CC  again_RR  .    
  the_AT1  taxi_NN  came_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  Thornie_NP  got_VVD  into_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    give_VV0  my_APP$  love_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  distinguished_JJ  neighbour_NN  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  alone_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  encountered_VBN  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  always_RR  her_APP$  chauffeur_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  her_APP$  maid_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  even_RR  wished_VBN  her_PPHO1  good_JJ  morning_NN    as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  polite_JJ  custom_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  tenants_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  too_RG  damn_RR  haughty_JJ  every_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  held_VBN  high_RR    and_CC  in_IO  her_APP$  spiked_JJ  heels_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  taller_JJ  than_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  never_RR  once_RR  cast_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  merest_JJT  glance_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  she_PPHO1  affected_VVD  the_AT1  smoked_JJ  sun_NN  glasses_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  blue_JJ  frames_NNS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  worn_VBN  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  arrival_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  morning_NN  after_CS  Thornie_NP  dined_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  around_IO  midday_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Longdon-Lorristone_NP  coming_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  lift_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  chauffeur_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  barely_RR  passed_VBN  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  her_PPHO1  tell_VV0  the_AT1  chauffeur_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  manage_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  here_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  my_APP$  key_NN  .    
  as_CS  the_AT1  chauffeur_NN  walked_VVD  quickly_RR  past_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  James_NP  looked_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  standing_VBG  by_IO  her_APP$  door_NN  ,_,  fumbling_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  key_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  big_JJ  black_JJ  crocodile_NN  bag_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  parcel_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  key_NN  fall_VV0  from_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_PPHO1  stooping_VBG  to_TO  pick_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP    and_CC  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  her_PPHO1  swear_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  retrieved_VVD  the_AT1  key_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  opened_VVD  her_APP$  door_NN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  your_APP$  name_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Longdon_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  new_JJ  neighbour_NN  of_IO  yours_PP$  .    
    oh_UH  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  thank_VV0  you_PPY  so_RG  much_RR  .  
  but_CCB    will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  come_VV0  in_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  late_JJ  for_IO  lunch_NN  down-town_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  his_APP$  guests_NNS  could_VM  cool_VV0  their_APP$  heels_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  interest_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  launching_VBG  a_AT1  literary_JJ  magazine_NN    and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  possible_JJ  future_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  population_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  Australia's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  maid_NN  appeared_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  parcel_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  mistress_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS said_VVD  ,_,  
    leave_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  Frances_NP  .  
  Mathew_NP  is_VBZ  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  up_RP  again_RR  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Longdon_NP  ,_,  unless_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  .    
  her_APP$  flat_NN  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  much_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  ;_;  the_AT1  apartment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rich_JJ  woman_NN  of_IO  taste_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  eye_NN  immediately_RR  alighted_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  Degas_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  spoke_VVD  of_IO  having_VHG  seen_VBN  her_APP$  gift_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  .  
    my_APP$  son_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    has_VHZ  a_AT1  Renoir_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  married_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,    as_CS  other_DA  women_NNS  might_VM  speak_VV0  casually_RR  of_IO  having_VHG  given_VBN  their_APP$  sons_NNS  a_AT1  car_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  further_JB  use_NN  for_IO  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  please_UH  sit_VV0  down_RP  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  raised_VVD  her_APP$  voice_NN  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  called_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  
    Frances_NP  ,_,  bring_VV0  the_AT1  sherry_NN  ,_,  please_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  armchair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  decanter_NN  and_CC  two_MC  glasses_NNS  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  round_JJ  silver_NN  tray_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    will_VM  you_PPY  pour_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  please_UH  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  James_NP  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  the_AT1  glass_NN  into_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    will_VM  you_PPY  please_UH  bring_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  little_JJ  table_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  stiff_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  joints_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  drop_VV0  things_NNS    as_CS  you_PPY  saw_VVD  .    
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  her_APP$  arthritis_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  sit_VV0  down_RP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  drink_NN  ,_,  sipping_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  studying_VBG  her_PPHO1  from_IO  top_NN  to_IO  toe_NN    a_AT1  woman_NN  remarkably_RR  well-preserved_JJ  for_IO  her_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS might_VM  easily_RR  pass_VV0  for_IO  one_MC1  much_RR  younger_JJ  .  
  beyond_IO  the_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  disability_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  nothing_PN1  else_RR  away_RP  .  
  very_RG  correctly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  handing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  polite_JJ  but_CCB  casual_JJ  hospitality_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  neighbour_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  rendered_VBN  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  small_JJ  service_NN  .  
  challenged_VBN  more_RRR  by_IO  her_APP$  correctness_NN  than_CS  by_IO  any_DD  encouragement_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  topic_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  and_CC  how_CS long_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  Melbourne_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  my_APP$  flat_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    naturally_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Longdon_NP  !_!  
  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  a_AT1  rather_RR  superfluous_JJ  question_NN  .    
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  leave_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  shook_VVD  hands_NNS  .  
  hers_PP$  was_VBDZ  thin_JJ  and_CC  bony_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  very_RG  narrow_JJ  across_IO  the_AT1  knuckles_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  get_VV0  up_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  chair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  encounter_VV0  her_PPHO1  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  her_PPHO1  over_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  ten_MC  days_NNS  .  
  once_RR  ,_,  when_CS her_APP$  door_NN  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  a_AT1  caller_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  radio_NN  on_RP  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  late_RR  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  muffled_VBN  through_IO  that_DD1  closed_JJ  door_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  supposedly_RR  soundproof_JJ  wall_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD  her_PPHO1  early_RR  one_MC1  morning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  come_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  other_DA  that_PNQS suited_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sorry_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  so_RG  very_RG  rarely_RR  went_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  now_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  decided_JJ  rebuff_NN  ,_,  although_CS  her_APP$  voice_NN  itself_PPX1  sounded_VVD  pleasant_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  not_XX  cold_JJ  and_CC  stiff_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  off-putting_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  party_NN  .    
    no_UH  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  forgive_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  kind_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  have_VH0  asked_VBN  me_PPIO1  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  rung_VBN  off_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  changed_VBN  the_AT1  flat_NN  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  bought_VVD  the_AT1  furniture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  turned_VBN  it_PPH1  round_RP  ,_,  because_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  else's_RR  arrangement_NN  ever_RR  suits_VBZ  one_MC1  ,_,  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  changed_VBN  nothing_PN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    except_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  my_APP$  own_DA  books_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  desk_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .    
    that_DD1  should_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  improvement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  too_RG  big_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Sir_NNSB1  Eric_NP  liked_VVD  it_PPH1  that_DD1  way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  office_NN    and_CC  more_RRR  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
    then_RL  ,_,  will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  come_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  .    
    sometime_RR  ,_,  perhaps_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  let_VV0  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  avoided_VBN  Thornie_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  role_NN  of_IO  femme_&FW  fatale_&FW  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  old_JJ  Melbourne_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  casually_RR  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  read_VV0  and_CC  not_XX  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  library_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  finally_RR  unearthed_VBN  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  second-hand_JB  bookshop_NN  ,_,  without_IO  any_DD  cover_NN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  its_APP$  title_NN  or_CC  its_APP$  value_NN  to_IO  collectors_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  parcel_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  doorstep_NN  one_MC1  day_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  hoped_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_RP  ,_,  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  letter_NN  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  only_RR  an_AT1  obviously_RR  hastily-written_JB  message_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  ,_,  
    with_IO  Thornie's_PPIO2  love_NN  .    
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  to_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  back_RP  where_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  concocted_VVD  that_DD1  fairy_NN  tale_NN  .  
  almost_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  ,_,  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  girl_NN  lodging_VBG  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hogg_NP  who_PNQS Stephen_NP  Longdon-Lorristone_NP  brought_VVD  home_NN1  one_MC1  night_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  of_IO  that_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
    she_PPHO1  works_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  hairdressing_NN  at_IO  Longdon's_PPIO2  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  somewhere_RR  .    
    that_DD1  sounds_VBZ  very_RG  kind_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  Thornie_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  men_NNS  !_!  
  always_RR  stick_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  his_APP$  kindness_NN  extended_VVD  to_IO  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  out_RP  to_IO  dinner_NN  and_CC  to_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  after_II  and_CC  bringing_VBG  her_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hogg_NP  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  .    
    what_DDQ  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  see_VV0  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  milord_NN  .  
  the_AT1  girl_NN  's_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  kid_NN  when_CS all_DB  's_VBZ  said_VBN  and_CC  done_VBN  and_CC  from_IO  up-country_NN1  too_RR  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  know_VV0  his_APP$  onions_NNS  a_AT1  bit_NN  more_RRR  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  than_CS  to_TO  carry_VV0  on_RP  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  find_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  cold_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  good-looker_NN  ,_,  mind_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  care_VV0  for_IO  that_DD1  English_JJ  type_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  often_RR  go_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  floor_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  the_AT1  usual_JJ  discount_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  buy_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  stockings_NNS  one_MC1  lunch_NN  hour_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  came_VVD  through_RP  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  kids_NNS  in_IO  tow_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  holidays_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  them_PPHO1  new_JJ  school_NN  clothes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  never_RR  wears_VBZ  a_AT1  hat_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  very_RG  English_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  caught_VBN  on_RP  .  
  once_RR  no_AT1  Toorak_NP  woman_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  seen_VBN  dead_JJ  down-town_RL  without_IO  a_AT1  hat_NN  on_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  used_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0    and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  ones_CD1S  still_RR  do_VD0    as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  got_VBN  a_AT1  lunch_NN  date_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  .    
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  spread_VV0  that_DD1  story_NN  ,_,  Thornie_NP  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  her_APP$  keeper_NN  ;_;  neither_RR  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  the_AT1  guardian_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  reputation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Longdon-Lorristone_NP  family_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  league_NN  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  acquaintances_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  by_IO  now_RL    there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  who_PNQS could_VM  claim_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  mother_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  son_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  daughter-in-law_NN  ,_,  other_DA  than_CS  by_IO  repute_NN  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  after_IO  hearing_VBG  that_DD1  piece_NN  of_IO  gossip_NN  from_IO  Thornie_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  doorbell_NN  rang_VVD  one_MC1  night_NN  ,_,  shortly_RR  before_IO  nine_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  in_IO  its_APP$  discreet_JJ  little_JJ  buzz_NN  ,_,  interrupted_VVD  his_APP$  reading_NN  .  
  putting_VBG  down_RP  his_APP$  book_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  wide_JJ  and_CC  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  caller_NN  was_VBDZ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Longdon-Lorristone_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  taken_VBN  you_PPY  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    at_IO  your_APP$  word_NN  !_!  
  although_CS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  telephone_VV0  you_PPY  first_RR  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  alone_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  come_VBN  at_IO  an_AT1  inconvenient_JJ  hour_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  go_VV0  away_RP  again_RR  .    
    please_UH  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  threshold_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  leaning_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  stick_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  surprise_NN  ,_,  speech_NN  had_VHD  momentarily_RR  almost_RR  deserted_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  deep_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  reading_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  another_DD1  century_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  adjustment_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  present_JJ  one_MC1  had_VHD  been_VBN  slow_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  associating_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Byzantine_JJ  empress_NN  ,_,  with_IO  conflicting_JJ  tragedies_NNS  being_VBG  enacted_VBN  over_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  Nemesis_NP  catching_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  punishing_VBG  her_PPHO1  for_IO  her_APP$  ruthlessness_NN  and_CC  selfishness_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  passion_NN  for_IO  getting_VBG  her_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  ageing_JJ  ,_,  hesitant_JJ  Australian_JJ  woman_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  slow_JJ  walk_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,      it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  improvement_NN  ,_,    meaning_VBG  ,_,  he_PPHO1  presumed_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  desk_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  moved_VBN  near_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  chair_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  her_APP$  stick_NN  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  offered_VVD  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  asking_VBG  if_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  refused_VVD  the_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  disarmingly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  suddenly_RR  felt_VVD  lonely_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  maid_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  found_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  cigarettes_NNS  too_RR  !_!  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  smoke_VV0  too_RG  much_RR  !_!    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  opening_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  discussion_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  minor_JJ  vices_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  two_MC  shipboard_NN  companions_NNS  might_VM  talk_VV0  while_CS  occupying_VBG  long_JJ  chairs_NNS  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  like_IO  the_AT1  shared_JJ  confession_NN  of_IO  silly_JJ  weaknesses_NNS  to_TO  set_VV0  a_AT1  ball_NN  rolling_VBG  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  the_AT1  preliminary_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  all_DB  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  not_XX  quite_RR  all_DB  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  polite_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  outline_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  past_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  given_VBN  it_PPH1  to_IO  Thornie_NP  .  you_PPY  have_VH0  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  big_JJ  white_JJ  hat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  swallow-tailed_JJ  coat_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  braid_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  cravat_NN    in_IO  action_NN  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  southern_JJ  planter_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  picnic_NN  .  
  his_APP$  stock_NN  of_IO  bottles_NNS  was_VBDZ  all_DB  set_VBN  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  wagon_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  yet_RR  begun_VBN  to_TO  sell_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  inveigle_VV0  his_APP$  audience_NN  first_RR  .  .    
  how_CS I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  there_RL  .  
  these_DD2  forests_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Congo_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  nothing_PN1  like_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  bland_JJ  ,_,  self-assured_JJ  voice_NN  enveloping_VBG  his_APP$  spectators_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  cocoon_NN  of_IO  honey_NN  :_:  commercialism_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  started_VBN  his_APP$  show_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  seek_VV0  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  common_JJ  denominator_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  card_NN  tricks_NNS  .  
  tossing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  aces_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  picking_VBG  them_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  mid-air_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  gone_VBN  down_RP  well_RR  up_RP  near_IO  Lake_NNL1  Chad_NP  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  Arabic_JJ  influence_NN    on_IO  these_DD2  denser_JJ  sons_NNS  of_IO  Ham_NP  it_PPH1  had_VHD  no_AT1  effect_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  swiftly_RR  on_RP  to_IO  cigarette_NN  tricks_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  audience_NN  hummed_VVD  .  
  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  
    how_CS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  puffed_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  lighted_JJ  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  threw_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  into_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  and_CC  then_RL  retrieved_VVD  them_PPHO1  one_MC1  by_IO  one_MC1  from_IO  behind_IO  the_AT1  ears_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  rubbed_VVD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  confusedly_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  where_CS they_PPHS2  came_VVD  from_IO  .  
  how_CS does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
    why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  watch_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  a_AT1  lighted_JJ  cigar_NN  from_IO  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  cassock_NN  .  
  how_CS embarrassed_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  .    
    it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  try_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  Agnes_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  prematurely_RR  :_:  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  something_PN1  more_RG  dramatic_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  that_CS  facile_JJ  enchanting_JJ  patter_NN  .  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  enchantment_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  both_DB2  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  watch_VV0  him_PPHO1  closely_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Agnes_NP  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  hear_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  ,_,  nor_CC  see_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .    
  which_DDQ  suggests_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  expert_JJ  patter_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS the_AT1  mass_NN  tension_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  audience_NN  has_VHZ  suddenly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  heightened_VBN    the_AT1  magician_NN  ,_,  like_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  the_AT1  demagogue_NN  ,_,  must_VM  know_VV0  when_CS to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  screw_NN  .  
  Agnes_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  paying_VBG  me_PPIO1  any_DD  particular_JJ  attention_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  wish_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  into_IO  his_APP$  mumbo-jumbo_NN  .  .    
    Agnes_NP  ,_,  can_VM  we_PPIS2  forget_VV0  the_AT1  personal_JJ  aspect_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  do_VD0  .    
    he_PPHO1  produced_VVD  a_AT1  white_JJ  chicken_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  props_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  fluttered_VVD  and_CC  squawked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  :_:      go_VV0  ,_,  little_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,    and_CC  flung_VVD  a_AT1  cloth_NN  over_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  whisked_VVD  it_PPH1  away_RP  the_AT1  chicken_NN  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  call_VV0  out_RP  ,_,      little_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  .    and_CC  came_VVD  down_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  wagon_NN  as_CS  if_CS  searching_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  by_IO  me_PPIO1    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  idea_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  intention_NN    he_PPHO1  slapped_VVD  suddenly_RR  at_IO  my_APP$  skirt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  swear_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  with_IO  horror_NN  the_AT1  flapping_JJ  feathers_NNS  between_IO  my_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chicken_NN  escaped_VVD  from_IO  under_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  everybody_PN1  hissing_VBG  with_IO  shock_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  enough_DD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  embarrass_VV0  me_PPIO1  further_RRR    he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  egg_NN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  freshly_RR  laid_VBN  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  seen_VBN  that_DD1  trick_NN  performed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Bobino_NP  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  .    
    the_AT1  natives_NNS  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  to_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  on_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  staggering_JJ  .    
  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  said_VVD  disturbedly_RR  :_:  
    one_MC1  must_VM  n't_XX  take_VV0  liberties_NNS  with_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  so_RG  susceptible_JJ  to_IO  magic_NN  ,_,    what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   laugh_VV0    these_DD2  music-hall_NN  illusions_NNS    can_VM  literally_RR  petrify_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
  did_VDD  it_PPH1  matter_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  chief_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  wives_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  sons_NNS  Shadrach_NP  and_CC  Meshach_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  approached_VBN  the_AT1  fringe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  Joe_NP  Moses_NP  opened_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  large_JJ  coloured_JJ  box_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  out_RP  :_:      what_DDQ  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  for_IO  supper_NN  .  
    sucking_JJ  pig_NN  .    and_CC  persuaded_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  to_TO  throw_VV0  a_AT1  cheap_JJ  bangle_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  .  
  more_DA  incantations_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  tossed_VVD  the_AT1  box_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  burst_VVD  open_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  landed_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  pig_NN  squealed_VVD  and_CC  ran_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  that_DD1  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  Bobino_NP  .  
  then_RL  swiftly_RR  the_AT1  pie*?3ce-de-re*?2sistance_NN    after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  unloading_VBG  his_APP$  bottles_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  prepared_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  young_JJ  black_JJ  imp_NN  popped_VVD  gigglingly_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  crate_NN  .  
  that_DD1  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  mock_JJ  pistol-shots_NNS  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  sabre_NN  slammed_VVD  fearsomely_RR  through_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  all_DB  directions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  natives_NNS  suddenly_RR  expectant_JJ  of_IO  tragedy_NN    but_CCB  the_AT1  crate_NN  opened_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  young_JJ  imp_NN  of_IO  mischief_NN  came_VVD  waddling_VBG  out_RP  .  
  Agnes_NP  said_VVD  with_IO  sudden_JJ  pleasure_NN  :_:  
    but_CCB  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  too_RG  smart_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  undone_VBN  himself_PPX1  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  started_VVD  his_APP$  sales_NNS  talk_NN  .    and_CC  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  mimic_VV0  him_PPHO1  ironically_RR  :_:        my_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  here_RL  the_AT1  age-old_JJ  remedies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  famous_JJ  Shoshone_NP  Indians_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  essences_NNS  that_PNQS made_VVD  them_PPHO1  strong_JJ  and_CC  virile_JJ  .    nobody_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  would_VM  even_RR  glance_VV0  at_IO  his_APP$  bottles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  bewitched_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  frozen_VBN  into_IO  inertia_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  about_RP  trying_VBG  to_TO  interest_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  Shoshone_NP  cure-alls_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  addressing_VBG  black_JJ  statuary_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  uncanny_JJ  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  fell_VVD  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  the_AT1  rounds_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  sold_VBN  a_AT1  single_JJ  bottle_NN  .    
    hoist_VBN  with_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  petard_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  .  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  tribe_NN  that_PNQS troubled_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
    Joe_NP  Moses_NP  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  sales_NNS  resistance_NN  troubles_VBZ  every_AT1  business_NN  man_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  do_VD0  with_IO  his_APP$  bottles_NNS  .    
    emptied_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  angry_JJ  .    
    perhaps_RR  the_AT1  fishes_NNS  'll_VM  grow_VV0  as_RG  strong_JJ  and_CC  virile_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Shoshone_NP  Indians_NP2  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  show_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  fool_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,    Agnes_NP  said_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  fate_NN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  making_VBG  fools_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  before_II  that_CS  the_AT1  stage_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  set_VBN    it_PPH1  awaited_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  theatrical_JJ  prop_NN  .  
  the_AT1  curtain_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  ready_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  only_RR  needed_VVD  my_APP$  personal_JJ  attendance_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  arrived_VVD  with_IO  thirty_MC  soldiers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  display_NN  of_IO  armaments_NNS  in_IO  three_MC  flat-bottomed_JJ  river_NN  transports_NNS  the_AT1  following_JJ  afternoon_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  four_MC  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  the_AT1  Kano_NP  gendarmerie_&FW  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  soldiers_NNS  .  
  nothing_PN1  as_RG  alarming_JJ  as_IO  Caesar's_PPIO2  centurions_NNS    even_RR  with_IO  Springfield_NP  carbines_NNS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  difficult_JJ  for_IO  thin_JJ  black_JJ  shanks_VBZ  and_CC  tarbooshes_NNS  to_TO  strike_VV0  terror_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  our_APP$  native_JJ  levies_NNS  .  
  French_JJ  \0N.C.O.s_NNSB2  can_VM  whip_VV0  neolithic_JJ  African_JJ  bowmen_NNS  into_IO  military_JJ  shape_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  given_VBN  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  a_AT1  bad_JJ  half-hour_NN  of_IO  heart-burn_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  equipped_VBN  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  light_JJ  automatic_JJ  weapons_NNS  and_CC  tear-gas_NN  grenades_NNS  .  
  in_IO  command_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cold_JJ  sous-lieutenant_&FW  ,_,  a_AT1  veteran_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indo-Chinese_JJ  war_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  rather_RR  hoped_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  brisk_JJ  action_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  paraded_VVD  his_APP$  troops_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  fringe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  schoolmaster's_NN1$  cane_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  civilian_JJ  administrator_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  instrument_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN    but_CCB  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  first_RR  sees_VBZ  light_JJ  machine-guns_NNS  being_VBG  assembled_VBN  ,_,  his_APP$  stomach_NN  goes_VBZ  cold_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  sous-lieutenant_&FW  was_VBDZ  placing_VBG  them_PPHO1  strategically_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  silence_NN  fell_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  moved_VVD  :_:  not_XX  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  rooster_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  had_VHD  seen_VBN  the_AT1  platoon_NN  marching_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  mission_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  hurrying_VBG  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  never_RR  dreamt_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  serious_JJ  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  thing_NN  to_IO  rage_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Agnes_NP  came_VVD  palely_RR  behind_RP  .  
    they_PPHS2  've_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  serious_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  have_VH0  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  warned_VVD  them_PPHO1  so_RG  strongly_RR  just_RR  to_TO  exercise_VV0  my_APP$  voice_NN  .    
    Louis_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  are_VBR  doing_VBG  .  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  doing_VBG  my_APP$  duty_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  that_DD1  perverse_JJ  chief_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  forced_VBN  my_APP$  hand_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  utterly_RR  unforgivable_JJ  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easy_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  talk_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  me_PPIO1  feel_VV0  both_DB2  stubborn_JJ  and_CC  guilty_JJ  .  
    if_CS  anything_PN1  goes_VBZ  wrong_RR  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  nobody_PN1  but_IO  God_NP  to_TO  blame_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  to_TO  contend_VV0  with_IO  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  jumps_VBZ  on_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  .    
    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  guns_NNS  .  
  look_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  believe_VV0  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  the_AT1  military_NN  sticking_VBG  its_APP$  nose_NN  in_RP  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  bitterly_RR  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  spend_VV0  our_APP$  lives_NNS  running_VBG  things_NNS  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  way_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  army_NN  arrives_VBZ    a_AT1  blow_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  false_JJ  word_NN    bang_UH    suddenly_RR  there_EX  are_VBR  shots_NNS  .  
  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  clean_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  mess_NN  .    
  Agnes_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    get_VV0  those_DD2  soldiers_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  at_RR  once_RR  .    
    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  come_VBN  here_RL  to_TO  play_VV0  hide-and-seek_NN  .    
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  step_NN  nearer_RRR  .  .    
    nobody_PN1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  precipitate_VV0  trouble_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  stay_VV0  where_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .    
  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  tugged_VVD  incoherently_RR  at_IO  my_APP$  sleeve_NN    he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  step_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  light_JJ  automatic_JJ  weapons_NNS  perched_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  dust_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sous-lieutenant_&FW  had_VHD  an_AT1  eye_NN  for_IO  positioning_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  one_MC1  realised_VVD  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  by_IO    covering_NC2  fire_NC2    .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  almost_RR  as_RG  nervous_JJ  as_IO  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  dragged_VVD  him_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  mad_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  are_VBR  disciplined_JJ  soldiers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  n't_XX  Christians_NP2  .    
    what_DDQ  .    
    your_APP$  cassock_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  save_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  interfered_VVD  with_IO  them_PPHO1  they_PPHS2  would_VM  fire_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  impatiently_RR  :_:  
    as_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  matters_VBZ  .  .    
    it_PPH1  matters_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  would_VM  assassinate_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  stared_VVD  beseechingly_RR  at_IO  Agnes_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  :_:  
    be_VB0  still_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  Governor's_NNSB2  written_JJ  orders_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  to_TO  move_VV0  the_AT1  tribe_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  minimum_NN  of_IO  force_NN  .  .    
    how_CS small_JJ  is_VBZ  minimum_NN  .    asked_VVD  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  sweat_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  answering_VBG  that_DD1  one_MC1  .  
    all_DB  inhabitants_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  prepared_VBN  for_IO  transit_NN  ,_,  all_DB  stocks_NNS  ,_,  herds_NNS  ,_,  movable_JJ  goods_NNS  .  
  compensation_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  paid_VBN  for_IO  unavoidable_JJ  .  .    
    stop_VV0  waving_VBG  that_DD1  abominable_JJ  paper_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  face_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  object_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  going_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  voluntarily_RR  .    
    so_PN1  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  swim_VV0  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  show_VV0  the_AT1  chief_NN  the_AT1  orders_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  tongue_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  stalked_VVD  off_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  bad_JJ  odour_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  sous-lieutenant_&FW  deploying_VBG  his_APP$  soldiers_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  Agnes_NP  said_VVD  coolly_RR  :_:  
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  well_RR  ,_,  Louis_NP  .    
  thank_VV0  God_NP  for_IO  small_JJ  encouragement_NN  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  foolish_JJ  busybody_NN  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  ways_NNS  of_IO  doing_VBG  a_AT1  thing_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  always_RR  choose_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  one_MC1  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  so_RG  encouraging_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  striding_VBG  briskly_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  chief's_NN1$  hut_NN  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  thronged_VBN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  too_RG  many_DA  men_NNS  :_:  I_PPIS1  strained_VVD  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  dazzle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  painful_JJ  and_CC  perspiration_NN  wetted_VVD  my_APP$  lashes_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  bore_VVD  weapons_NNS  .  
  children_NNS  howled_VVD  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  advanced_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  paces_NNS  to_TO  shake_VV0  her_APP$  fist_NN  virulently_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  face_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  brushed_VVD  her_PPHO1  off_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  fly_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  shields_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  hunting_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  n't_XX  used_VBN  bows_NNS  and_CC  spears_NNS  since_CS  the_AT1  mission_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  planted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  :_:  and_CC  now_RL  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  banging_VBG  the_AT1  stretched_JJ  hide_NN  shields_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  sounded_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  boom_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  approaching_JJ  herd_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chief_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  white_JJ  coat_NN  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  excitedly_RR  with_IO  Father_NNSB1  Felix_NP  .  .  
  .  and_CC  sweat_NN  ,_,  sweat_NN  like_IO  cold_JJ  needles_NNS  ,_,  sprang_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  something_PN1  nosed_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  gun-barrel_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  small_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  back_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  about_RP  .  
  that_DD1  wretched_JJ  beast_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  elephant_NN  ,_,  breathing_VBG  inoffensively_RR  not_XX  a_AT1  pace_NN  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  how_CS silently_RR  it_PPH1  moved_VVD  .  
  Joe_NP  Moses_NP  sat_VVD  atop_RR  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  peered_VVD  up_RP  emotionally_RR  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    do_VD0  not_XX  ever_RR  do_VD0  that_DD1  again_RR  .    
    your_APP$  nerves_NNS  are_VBR  in_IO  bad_JJ  shape_NN  .    
    yours_PP$  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  remove_VV0  that_DD1  creature_NN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  smells_VBZ  .    
    so_RR  the_AT1  marines_NNS  are_VBR  here_RL  .    
    what_DDQ  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  .    
    when_CS does_VBZ  the_AT1  battle_NN  open_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  mad_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  concern_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  go_VV0  away_RP  .    
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  listen_VV0  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    
    to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  who_PNQS  would_VM  .    
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  big_JJ  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  belly_NN  ,_,    and_CC  again_RR  he_PPHO1  surveyed_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  cold_JJ  languor_NN  ,_,    so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  the_AT1  sap_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  command_VV0  respect_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  qualified_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  have_VH0  brains_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
  about_IO  not_XX  shoving_VBG  a_AT1  mule_NN  to_IO  water_NN  when_CS ten_MC  sweet_JJ  words_NNS  will_VM  coax_VV0  it_PPH1  along_RP  .    
    your_APP$    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  call_VV0  it_PPH1    cracker-barrel_JB  philosophy_NN  makes_VBZ  me_PPIO1  sick_JJ  .    
    but_CCB  better_JJ  sick_JJ  than_CS  dead_JJ  .    
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  obtuse_JJ  people_NN  .  
  there_EX  comes_VBZ  a_AT1  time_NN  when_CS one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  show_VV0  strength_NN  .    
    suppose_VV0  they_PPHS2  resist_VV0  you_PPY  with_IO  strength_NN  .    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  raised_VBN  his_APP$  voice_NN  above_IO  normal_JJ  to_TO  address_VV0  his_APP$  friend_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  delighted_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Egerton_NP  my_APP$  collection_NN  ,_,    Theodore_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    perhaps_RR  you_PPY  would_VM  all_DB  come_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  tea_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR    Thursday_NN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  from_IO  Sylvie_NP  to_IO  Sonia_NP  .  
    could_VM  you_PPY  then_RL  .    asked_VVD  Sylvie_NP  .  
  Sonia_NP  thought_VVD  rapidly_RR  .  
  Harold_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  absent_JJ  in_IO  Salonika_NP  for_IO  some_DD  days_NNS  ;_;  this_DD1  made_VVD  the_AT1  arrangement_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  timetable_NN  much_RR  simpler_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  it_PPH1  very_RG  much_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    and_CC  bring_VV0  your_APP$  icon_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    added_VVD  Andre*?2_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  pick_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Sylvie_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  movement_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  Hugo_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  reappeared_VVD  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  beside_IO  Andre*?2_NP  and_CC  invited_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  seated_VBN  .  
    but_CCB  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_JJ  boy_NN    we_PPIS2  must_VM  be_VB0  going_VBG  !_!    exclaimed_VVD  Andre*?2_NP  .  
    very_RG  kind_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  the_AT1  last_DA  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  we_PPIS2  could_VM  stay_VV0  here_RL  talking_VBG  and_CC  browsing_VBG  among_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  all_DB  night_NN  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  popular_JJ  .    
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  indeed_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  there_RL  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  employed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  eye_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  and_CC  rearrange_VV0  them_PPHO1  after_CS  the_AT1  visitors_NNS  had_VHD  left_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  dispersed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  but_CCB  Sonia_NP  accepted_VVD  a_AT1  lift_NN  in_IO  Andre*?2's_PPIO2  car_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  dropped_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_IO  her_APP$  flat_NN  .  
  Harold_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  returned_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  uneasily_RR  where_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  but_CCB  since_CS  he_PPHO1  rarely_RR  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  his_APP$  plans_NNS  this_DD1  evening_NN  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  exception_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  the_AT1  nervousness_NN  that_PNQS sent_VVD  her_PPHO1  wandering_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  back_RP  again_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  ,_,  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  ,_,  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  pin_VV0  down_RP  its_APP$  causes_NNS  .  
  Magda's_PPIO2  face_NN  hovered_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  ,_,  disembodied_VBN  ,_,  panic-struck_JJ  ;_;  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  eliminate_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  and_CC  could_VM  only_RR  hope_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  home_NN1  to_IO  Erich_NP  who_PNQS loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  however_CS hopelessly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  begun_VBN  so_RG  promisingly_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  laughter_NN  in_IO  Andre*?2's_PPIO2  flat_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  new_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  archaeologist_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  turned_VBN  sour_JJ  since_CS  Harold_NP  and_CC  Magda_NP  had_VHD  put_VBN  their_APP$  acid_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  restless_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  Andre*?2's_PPIO2  and_CC  Sylvie's_PPIO2  pleasure_NN  in_IO  one_PPX2  another's_PPX2  company_NN  .  
  envy_NN  mingled_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  with_IO  regret_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  missed_VBN  and_CC  saw_VVD  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  reaching_VBG  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  old_JJ  but_CCB  with_IO  their_APP$  security_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  5_MC  .  
  although_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  Sonia_NP  found_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  an_AT1  evening_NN  at_IO  Magda's_PPIO2  flat_NN  ,_,  especially_RR  since_CS  Erich_NP  had_VHD  pleaded_VBN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  so_RG  anxiously_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  could_VM  to_TO  befriend_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS tended_VVD  to_TO  shut_VV0  herself_PPX1  away_RP  completely_RR  from_IO  society_NN  and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  made_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  unhappy_JJ  but_CCB  also_RR  damaged_VVD  his_APP$  chances_NNS  of_IO  promotion_NN  by_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  social_JJ  life_NN  being_VBG  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  duty_NN  .  
  Harold_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  join_VV0  them_PPHO1  straight_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  away_RP  .  
  for_RR  once_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  observe_VV0  him_PPHO1  with_IO  Magda_NP  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  discover_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  and_CC  how_CS far_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  under_IO  his_APP$  control_NN  .  
  the_AT1  few_DA  minutes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  exhibition_NN  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  dominated_VBN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  ready_JJ  to_TO  submit_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  meeting_VBG  fairly_RR  often_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  now_RL  believed_VVD  that_CS  when_CS Magda_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  them_PPHO1  after_IO  the_AT1  bathe_NN  near_IO  Cape_NNL1  Sunion_NP  her_APP$  appointment_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  with_IO  Harold_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  flicker_NN  of_IO  rebellion_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Sonia_NP  hoped_VVD  to_TO  encourage_VV0  this_DD1  tiny_JJ  flame_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  across_IO  a_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  uneven_JJ  waste_JJ  land_NN  that_PNQS lay_VVD  neglected_VBN  between_IO  two_MC  blocks_NNS  of_IO  modern_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  poppies_NNS  and_CC  coltsfoot_NN  grew_VVD  in_IO  profusion_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  colour_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dreary_JJ  area_NN  ,_,  and_CC  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  edible_JJ  leaves_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  two_MC  old_JJ  women_NNS  bent_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  plucking_VBG  them_PPHO1  and_CC  stuffing_VBG  them_PPHO1  into_IO  paper_NN  bags_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  closely_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  passed_VVD  and_CC  saw_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  collecting_VBG  dandelions_NNS  and_CC  nettles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  women_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  far_RR  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  poorly_RR  dressed_VBN  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  prosperous_JJ  neighbourhood_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  up_RP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  passed_VVD  and_CC  ,_,  noticing_VBG  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  filled_VBN  with_IO  curiosity_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:      salad_NN  !_!    with_IO  a_AT1  grin_NN  and_CC  waved_VVD  a_AT1  bunch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tough_JJ  ,_,  dark-green_JJ  leaves_NNS  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  driven_VBN  by_IO  poverty_NN  alone_RR  .  
  by_IO  thrift_NN  .  
  by_IO  avarice_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  dark_JJ  ,_,  bent_JJ  figures_NNS  collecting_VBG  the_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  dusty_JJ  weeds_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  flowering_JJ  gardens_NNS  of_IO  plenty_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  remained_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  mind's_NN1$  eye_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  humour_NN  even_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  reached_VBN  Magda's_PPIO2  flat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  young_JJ  people_NNS  had_VHD  contrived_VBN  to_TO  import_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  possessions_NNS  from_IO  Germany_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  flat_NN  was_VBDZ  delightful_JJ  with_IO  its_APP$  golden-yellow_JJ  cherrywood_NN  and_CC  ebony_NN  Biedermeier_NP  furniture_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  modern_JJ  pieces_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  a_AT1  rocking-chair_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  back_NN  that_PNQS Magda_NP  had_VHD  purchased_VBN  after_IO  visiting_VBG  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  pieces_NNS  from_IO  Denmark_NP  some_DD  months_NNS  earlier_RRR  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  plan_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  Sonia_NP  felt_VVD  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  immediately_RR  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  built_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  scheme_NN  as_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  exactly_RR  where_CS kitchen_NN  ,_,  bathroom_NN  and_CC  bedroom_NN  lay_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  disconcerting_JJ  impression_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  in_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  entered_VBN  until_IO  that_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  fussiness_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  innumerable_JJ  little_JJ  lace_NN  mats_NNS  that_PNQS covered_VVD  almost_RR  every_AT1  polished_JJ  surface_NN  .  
  Magda_NP  and_CC  Erich_NP  were_VBDR  both_DB2  awaiting_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  arranged_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  home_NN1  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  earlier_RRR  than_CS  usual_JJ  and_CC  hurried_VVD  forward_RR  eagerly_RR  to_TO  welcome_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  gratitude_NN  was_VBDZ  painful_JJ  and_CC  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  lack_NN  of_IO  genuine_JJ  warmth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  ,_,  to_IO  her_APP$  dismay_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  the_AT1  isolation_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  Magda_NP  was_VBDZ  gradually_RR  forcing_VBG  him_PPHO1  even_RR  more_RG  evident_JJ  .  
  Sonia_NP  and_CC  Harold_NP  coming_VBG  to_IO  dinner_NN  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  more_DA  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  than_IO  a_AT1  normal_JJ  friendly_JJ  event_NN  among_IO  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  age_NN  ,_,  and_CC  constantly_RR  drawn_VBN  together_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  various_JJ  cultural_JJ  and_CC  social_JJ  activities_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  attitude_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  special_JJ  occasion_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    tomato_NN  juice_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  added_VVD  lemon_NN  juice_NN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  vitamin_NN  content_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Magda_NP  proudly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  glass_NN  and_CC  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  mats_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  carried_VVD  one_MC1  over_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  Harold_NP  will_VM  care_VV0  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  uncertainly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  do_VD0  him_PPHO1  good_NN  ,_,    Magda_NP  declared_VVD  decidedly_RR  .  
    Magda_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  think_VV0  alcohol_NN  good_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  health_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Erich_NP  apologetically_RR  .  
    but_CCB  this_DD1  stuff_NN  's_VBZ  delicious_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  eagerly_RR  .  
  politely_RR  Sonia_NP  agreed_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  too_RR    ice-cool_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  imagine_VV0  Harold_NP  drinking_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  doing_VBG  since_CS  we_PPIS2  met_VVD  last_DA  time_NN  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  Erich_NP  ,_,  more_RRR  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  starting_VBG  a_AT1  conversation_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  than_CS  from_IO  a_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  smile_NN  died_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  rather_DA  a_AT1  dreadful_JJ  job_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0    .    
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  interest_VV0  Sonia_NP  !_!    said_VBN  Magda_NP  swiftly_RR  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  objection_NN  ,_,  Sonia_NP  felt_VVD  obliged_VBN  to_TO  encourage_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    do_VD0  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  always_RR  fun_NN  having_VHG  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  embassy_NN    I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  long_JJ  cocktail_NN  party_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  exchange_NN  of_IO    notes_NNS    .  
  the_AT1  notes_NNS  always_RR  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  see_VV0  a_AT1  little_JJ  billet_&FW  doux_&FW  on_IO  mauve_JJ  paper_NN  being_VBG  handed_VBN  over_RP  in_IO  deadly_JJ  earnest_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  imposing_JJ  Ambassador_NNSB1  to_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  equally_RR  serious_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  wearing_VBG  all_DB  their_APP$  decorations_NNS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  !_!    
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    Erich_NP  smiled_VVD  .  
    no_UH    this_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  German_JJ  war-graves_NNS  on_IO  Leros_NP  and_CC  other_DA  islands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  relations_NNS    you_PPY  know_VV0    they_PPHS2  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  where_CS their_APP$  boys_NNS  are_VBR  buried_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  visit_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  lay_VV0  wreaths_NNS  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  all_DB  pass_VV0  through_IO  our_APP$  office_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  consulate_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  pleasant_JJ  but_CCB  moving_JJ  experiences_NNS  and_CC  sometimes_RR  very_RG  disheartening_JJ  .    
    these_DD2  are_VBR  Dienstgeheimnisse_&FW  !_!    Magda_NP  interrupted_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  talk_VV0  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  betraying_VBG  any_DD  secrets_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Erich_NP  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  even_RR  a_AT1  note_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  graves_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  papers_NNS  recently_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Sonia_NP  .  
    but_CCB  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  could_VM  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  Erich_NP  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  may_VM  talk_VV0  about_IO  and_CC  what_DDQ  not_XX  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  his_APP$  job_NN  !_!    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  impatiently_RR  .  
  Erich_NP  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  an_AT1  astonished_JJ  look_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  gratitude_NN  and_CC  alarm_NN  were_VBDR  mingled_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  comical_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  almost_RR  laughed_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
    and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  his_APP$  profession_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  good_JJ  at_IO  it_PPH1  or_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  here_RL  in_IO  Athens_NP  already_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  sitting_VBG  in_IO  some_DD  awful_JJ  little_JJ  place_NN  in_IO  south_NN1  America_NP  or_CC  on_IO  a_AT1  Somerset_NP  Maugham_NP  kind_NN  of_IO  island_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Pacific_NP  .  
  you_PPY  with_IO  him_PPHO1  !_!    
    oh_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  so_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  !_!    Erich_NP  contradicted_VVD  nai"vely_RR  .  
    but_CCB  my_APP$  father_NN  is_VBZ    er_UH    well_UH  ,_,  rather_RR  influential_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .    
    now_RL  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  a_AT1  German_NN1  say_VV0    the_NC2  party_NC2    I_PPIS1  always_RR  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Nazis_NP2  ,_,    Sonia_NP  laughed_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  .  
  which_WDTI  one_MC1  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    
    \0C.D.U_NP  of_RR  course_RR  !_!    answered_VVD  Magda_NP  .  
  Sonia_NP  sighed_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  that_DD1  means_VBZ  .  
  Harold_NP  's_VHZ  tried_VBN  time_RR  and_RR  again_RR  to_TO    put_VV0  me_PPIO1  wise_JJ    as_CS  he_PPHO1  calls_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  to_IO  European_JJ  politics_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  never_RR  could_VM  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  all_DB  those_DD2  various_JJ  complicated_JJ  initials_NNS  stand_VV0  for_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  almost_RR  as_RG  bad_JJ  in_IO  England_NP  in_IO  labour_NN  party_NN  circles_NNS  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS used_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  my_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  only_RR  in_IO  initials_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  ,_,  secret_JJ  language_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  say_VV0  such_DA  things_NNS  as_IO  :_:      the_AT1  \0T.U.C_NP  will_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  the_AT1  \0I.L.P_NP  do_VD0  so_PN1  and_CC  so_PN1  and_CC  the_AT1  \0G.W.R_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  \0N.U.J_NP  have_VH0  threatened_VBN  to_TO  strike_VV0  ,_,    and_CC    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  Greek_NN1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!    she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  even_RR  worse_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  French_NP2  !_!  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  could_VM  invent_VV0  an_AT1  abbreviated_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  shorthand-speech_NN  for_IO  everyday_JB  conversation_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  we_PPIS2  could_VM  !_!    
  Magda_NP  and_CC  Erich_NP  were_VBDR  staring_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  dumbfounded_VBN  ,_,  incapable_JJ  of_IO  knowing_VBG  whether_CS  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  seriously_RR  or_CC  not_XX  .  
    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  mischievously_RR  ,_,    when_CS I_PPIS1  arrive_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,      how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  !_!    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  bound_VBN  to_TO  reply_VV0  ,_,      very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  now_RL  we_PPIS2  could_VM  shorten_VV0  all_DB  that_DD1  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  say_VV0  ,_,    \0H.D.Y.D_NC2    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  reply_VV0  ,_,    \0V.W.T.Y_NC2  .    
  think_VV0  what_DDQ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  time_NN  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  save_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  lives_NNS  !_!  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  shorten_VV0  sentences_NNS  such_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN    for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  now_RL  say_VV0  ,_,      is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  evening_NN  .    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  before_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  finished_VBN  ,_,  from_IO  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  intonation_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  only_RR  need_VV0  ,_,  really_RR  ,_,  to_TO  begin_VV0  ,_,      is_NC2  n't_NC2  it_NC2  .  .    and_CC  you_PPY  could_VM  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  people_NNS  talk_VV0  far_RR  too_RG  much_RR  and_CC  say_VV0  the_AT1  same_DA  things_NNS  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  again_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  mean_VV0  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  boring_JJ    the_AT1  lovely_JJ  evening_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  could_VM  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_CS  granted_VBN  ,_,  could_VM  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  two_MC  languages_NNS    a_AT1  cypher_NN  one_MC1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  proper_JJ  language_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  few_DA  ,_,  occasional_JJ  original_JJ  thoughts_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VM  stand_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  like_IO  jewels_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  of_IO  my_APP$  idea_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  very_RG  silly_JJ  and_CC  impracticable_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Magda_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  would_VM  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  without_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  formal_JJ  aids_NNS  to_IO  talk_NN  .    
    perhaps_RR  the_AT1  tomato_NN  juice_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  to_IO  your_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  Sonia_NP  !_!    Erich_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  some_DD  more_DA  .    
    maybe_RR  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  .    
  lightening_VBG  their_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  would_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  suddenly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  the_AT1  many_DA  flowers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  brought_VBN  any_DD  herself_PPX1  but_CCB  had_VHD  something_PN1  else_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  gift_NN  for_IO  Magda_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_RP  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  handbag_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  bring_VV0  you_PPY  flowers_NNS  ,_,  Magda_NP  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  always_RR  have_VH0  so_RG  many_DA    we_PPIS2  all_DB  do_VD0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  find_VV0  this_DD1  little_JJ  book_NN  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  might_VM  like_VV0  .    
  Magda_NP  flushed_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  necessary_JJ    .    
    of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  !_!  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  not-necessary_JB  things_NNS  that_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  nicest_JJT  !_!    
    open_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Magda_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Erich_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  book_NN  about_IO  birds_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  many_DA  illustrations_NNS  showing_VBG  their_APP$  various_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  nests_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  clumsy_JJ  casual_JJ  untidy_JJ  heaps_NNS  set_VBN  together_RR  by_IO  storks_NNS  on_IO  roof-tops_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  exquisite_JJ  feather-lined_JJ  ,_,  moss-bedecked_JJ  enclosure_NN  of_IO  warmth_NN  and_CC  security_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  wren_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  forester_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  yawned_VVD  and_CC  stretched_VVD  himself_PPX1  .  
    why_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  wear_VV0  those_DD2  wellingtons_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  hot_JJ  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  always_RR  wear_VV0  them_PPHO1  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  out_RP  working_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  useful_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .    
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  silent_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  shaded_VVD  the_AT1  sun_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  looked_VVD  out_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  .  
  Julian_NP  watched_VVD  the_AT1  sawing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  grass_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  warm_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  breath_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  were_VBDR  quite_RR  motionless_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  forester_NN  had_VHD  closed_VBN  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  breathing_VBG  deeply_RR  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  sawing_NN  stopped_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  pair_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  curlews_NNS  far_RR  above_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  hillside_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  drowsy_JJ  and_CC  lay_VVD  back_RP  again_RR  .  
  some_DD  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  they_PPHS2  shouted_VVD  over_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  forester_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  his_APP$  turn_NN  once_RR  more_RRR  .  
    hi_UH  ,_,  Johnnie_NP  !_!  
  wake_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  !_!    
  Julian_NP  sat_VVD  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  forester_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  fast_RR  asleep_JJ  .  
  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  smiling_VBG  and_CC  obviously_RR  waiting_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  would_VM  happen_VV0  .  
  Julian_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  waking_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  crawled_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  shook_VVD  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  wellingtons_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_IO  no_AT1  effect_NN  .  
    hit_VV0  him_PPHO1  !_!    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  shouted_VVD  .  
  Julian_NP  tapped_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  pulled_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  wrist_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  life_NN  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  breathing_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  stick_NN  ,_,  coming_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  workmen_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  missed_VVD  Julian_NP  and_CC  embedded_VVD  itself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  turf_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  angrily_RR  and_CC  then_RL  glanced_VVD  at_IO  Mary_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  watching_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  ,_,  rather_RR  anxious_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  another_DD1  stick_NN  flew_VVD  over_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  knelt_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  and_CC  shook_VVD  the_AT1  forester_NN  by_IO  both_DB2  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  let_VVD  go_VV0  quickly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  sat_VVD  up_RP  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  calling_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    Julian_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  moving_VBG  back_RP  and_CC  sitting_VBG  down_RP  again_RR  beside_IO  Mary_NP  .  
    are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  well_UH  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  and_CC  then_RL  stood_VVD  up_RP  .  
    you_PPY  stay_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  safe_JJ  here_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  very_RG  long_RR  now_RL  .  
  you_PPY  watch_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  exactly_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  falls_VBZ  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  tell_VV0  your_APP$  friends_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  up_RP  here_RL  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  strode_VVD  off_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  funny_JJ  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  rather_RR  doubtfully_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  can_VM  make_VV0  the_AT1  trees_NNS  do_VD0  just_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  no_AT1  idea_NN  how_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  almost_RR  like_IO  an_AT1  animal_NN  .    
    and_CC  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  care_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  why_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  happening_VBG  !_!    Julian_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  feeling_VBG  a_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  criticise_VV0  the_AT1  forester_NN  .  
    you_PPY  'd_VM  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  more_RG  concerned_JJ  about_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  ,_,  considering_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  obviously_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  craftsman_NN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  just_RR  does_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  told_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  and_CC  do_VD0  you_PPY  remember_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  driver_NN  said_VVD  the_AT1  woodcutters_NNS  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  how_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  factory_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  people_NNS  worked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  forest_NN  now_RL  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  !_!  
  this_DD1  man_NN  here_RL  must_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  good_JJ  a_AT1  craftsman_NN  as_IO  any_DD  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  all_DB  about_IO  the_AT1  felling_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  kind_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  lived_VBN  out_RP  here_RL  all_DB  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  wonderful_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  you_PPY  remember_VV0  when_CS I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  come_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  change_NN  ,_,  to_TO  break_VV0  the_AT1  chain_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  away_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  !_!  
  somewhere_RR  where_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  live_VV0  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  life_NN  this_DD1  forester_NN  's_VBZ  living_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  is_VBZ  really_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  .  
  no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  just_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  live_VV0  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  life_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  person_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  might_VM  just_RR  as_RG  well_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  change_VV0  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  why_CS ever_RR  should_VM  you_PPY  want_VV0  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .    
  Julian_NP  wished_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  said_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  foolish_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  it_PPH1  partly_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  really_RR  did_VDD  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  partly_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  think_VV0  more_RG  highly_RR  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  second_MD  reason_NN  seemed_VVD  quite_RR  absurd_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  even_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  replied_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  like_VV0  that_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  person_NN  ,_,  though_RR  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    how_CS can_VM  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  abruptly_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  better_JJ  sort_NN  than_IO  Hanson_NP  ,_,  more_RG  honest_JJ  and_CC  straightforward_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  exactly_RR  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  irresistible_JJ  though_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  you_PPY  quite_RR  see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  Hanson_NP  and_CC  Elizabeth_NP  came_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  near_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
    so_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  coming_VBG  down_RP  soon_RR  ,_,    Hanson_NP  said_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  talking_VBG  about_IO  .    
    nothing_PN1  much_DA  ,_,    Julian_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    only_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  fall_VV0  just_RR  where_CS you_PPY  were_VBDR  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  it_PPH1  all_DB  worked_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  or_CC  judged_VBN  rather_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  inch_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  quite_RR  safe_JJ  here_RL  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  lucky_JJ  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,    Elizabeth_NP  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  blond_JJ  forester_NN  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  saw_NN  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  farther_RRR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  men_NNS  were_VBDR  no_RR  longer_RRR  resting_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  standing_VBG  back_RP  and_CC  watching_VBG  intently_RR  ,_,  some_DD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  cut_NN  ,_,  others_DA2  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  we_PPIS2  disapproved_VVD  .    Hanson_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  ,_,    Julian_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  say_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  .    
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  beyond_IO  how_CS to_TO  fell_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  now_RL  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  could_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  about_IO  it_PPH1  before_II  .    Mary_NP  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  quietly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  tried_VBN  to_TO  persuade_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  known_VBN  anyone_PN1  cared_VVD  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    and_CC  why_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  care_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  still_RR  completely_RR  ignoring_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  because_CS  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  taken_VBN  ages_NNS  to_TO  grow_VV0  as_RG  perfect_JJ  and_CC  beautiful_JJ  and_CC  tall_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  it_PPH1  only_RR  takes_VBZ  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  to_TO  destroy_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  because_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  create_VV0  it_PPH1  again_RR  !_!  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  sight_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  .    
    it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  fine_JJ  sight_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  coming_VBG  down_RP  though_RR  ,_,  will_VM  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    maybe_RR  ,_,    Julian_NP  said_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  rather_RR  fine_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  n't_XX  even_RR  know_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  wearing_VBG  wellingtons_NNS  bring_VV0  down_RP  something_PN1  as_RG  wonderful_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  tree_NN  .  
  and_CC  for_IO  no_AT1  reason_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  !_!  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  rather_RR  like_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  really_RR  doing_VBG  something_PN1  big_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,    Julian_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  very_RG  exciting_JJ  though_RR  to_TO  watch_VV0  someone_PN1  like_IO  that_DD1  doing_VBG  physically_RR  strenuous_JJ  work_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  much_RR  rather_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  destroying_VBG  something_PN1  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  though_RR  !_!    
    I_PPIS1  agree_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  exciting_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  so_RG  destructive_JJ  ,_,    Elizabeth_NP  put_VVD  in_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  very_RG  strong_JJ  unspoken_JJ  feelings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  judging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaning_VBG  on_IO  one_MC1  arm_NN  and_CC  staring_VBG  down_RP  and_CC  nervously_RR  crumbling_VBG  the_AT1  dry_JJ  earth_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  molehill_NN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    destructive_JJ  !_!  
  destructive_JJ  !_!    Mary_NP  said_VVD  sarcastically_RR  ,_,  turning_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  you_PPY  'd_VM  call_VV0  destructive_JJ  ,_,  maybe_RR  !_!  
  oh_UH  how_CS unimaginative_JJ  you_PPY  all_DB  are_VBR  !_!    
    Mary_NP  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  indulge_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  deliberate_JJ  spitefulness_NN  just_RR  because_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  angry_JJ  with_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  without_IO  looking_VBG  up_RP  .  
    other_DA  people_NNS  will_VM  only_RR  help_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  fair_JJ  chance_NN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  speak_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  way_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  ,_,  down_RP  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  ,_,  how_CS can_VM  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  talking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  you_PPY  're_VBR  blaming_VBG  me_PPIO1  for_IO  now_RL  .    
    blaming_VBG  you_PPY  .    
  Mary_NP  jumped_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  stood_VVD  bending_VBG  towards_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  really_RR  know_VV0  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  well_UH  !_!  
  you_PPY  need_VM  n't_XX  try_VV0  to_TO  pretend_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  the_AT1  only_DA  person_NN  who_PNQS keeps_VBZ  things_NNS  secret_JJ  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  turned_VBN  on_IO  Julian_NP  :_:  
    my_APP$  own_DA  sister_NN  scheming_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  me_PPIO1  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  alone_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  like_IO  you_PPY  who_PNQS 's_VHZ  run_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  wants_VBZ  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  blond-haired_JJ  woodcutter_NN  !_!  
  oh_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  understand_VV0  people_NNS  so_RG  well_RR  !_!  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  fine_JJ  man_NN  !_!  
  a_AT1  real_JJ  man_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  real_JJ  feeling_NN  !_!    
  these_DD2  last_DA  words_NNS  she_PPHO1  directed_VVD  at_IO  Julian_NP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  withering_JJ  tone_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  completely_RR  unable_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  anything_PN1  more_DA  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  walked_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  across_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  .  
  Julian_NP  stared_VVD  after_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  dazed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  profoundly_RR  injured_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  unjustly_RR  but_CCB  absolutely_RR  rejected_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  feeling_NN  of_IO  weakness_NN  quickly_RR  merged_VVD  into_IO  impotent_JJ  anger_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  then_RL  she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  stopped_VVD  and_CC  stood_VVD  looking_VBG  back_RP  at_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  far_RR  away_RP  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  see_VV0  any_DD  expression_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
    hi_UH  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  ,_,    one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  foresters_NNS  shouted_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,    you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  move_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  or_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  your_APP$  pretty_JJ  self_NN  squashed_VBN  flat_JJ  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  no_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  heard_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  stopped_VVD  sawing_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  gone_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  old_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  Julian_NP  said_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  bully_VV0  me_PPIO1  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  stopped_VBN  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  standing_VBG  there_RL  expecting_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  rescue_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  force_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  show_VV0  some_DD  concern_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  in_RP  and_CC  run_VV0  to_TO  drag_VV0  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  commit_VV0  myself_PPX1  .  
  because_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  go_VV0  to_TO  rescue_VV0  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  consider_VV0  it_PPH1  absolute_JJ  proof_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  fond_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  just_RR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  forced_VBN  like_IO  that_DD1  !_!  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  a_AT1  fool_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  seem_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  onlookers_NNS  !_!  
  they_PPHS2  just_RR  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  playing_VBG  !_!  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  playing_VBG  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  me_PPIO1  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  !_!  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  hysterical_JJ  now_RL  either_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  stone_NN  cold_JJ  and_CC  determined_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  me_PPIO1  helplessly_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  power_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  wrong_JJ  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  had_VHD  one_MC1  hand_NN  on_IO  Hanson's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  staring_VBG  intently_RR  at_IO  Mary_NP  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  standing_VBG  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  too_RR  ,_,  in_IO  exaggerated_JJ  attitudes_NNS  of_IO  impatience_NN  and_CC  annoyance_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  thistles_NNS  .  
    if_CS  only_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  of_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,    Hanson_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Elizabeth_NP  tugged_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  blond_JJ  forester_NN  looked_VVD  over_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Julian_NP  pretended_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  notice_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  expecting_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  suddenly_RR  afraid_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  forester_NN  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  think_VV0  it_PPH1  serious_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  determined_VVD  to_TO  remain_VV0  completely_RR  aloof_JJ  .  
  deliberately_RR  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  down_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  manor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  dark_JJ  circular_JJ  mark_NN  spreading_VBG  towards_IO  them_PPHO1  across_IO  the_AT1  meadow_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  manor_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pillar_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  swirled_VVD  high_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  huge_JJ  eddy_NN  swept_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  ,_,  catching_VBG  wisps_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  and_CC  catching_VBG  Mary's_PPIO2  dress_NN  and_CC  snatching_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  branches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  fir_NN  tree_NN  quivered_VVD  and_CC  swayed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  surging_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  masses_NNS  of_IO  dark_JJ  foliage_NN  spread_VVD  upwards_RR  and_CC  shook_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  tree_NN  as_CS  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  it_PPH1  became_VVD  the_AT1  violent_JJ  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  whirlwind_NN  .  
  a_AT1  shout_NN  sounded_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  strange_JJ  roaring_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  blond_JJ  forester_NN  ran_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  tree_NN  ,_,  suddenly_RR  calm_JJ  again_RR  ,_,  towered_VVD  over_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  hung_VVD  a_AT1  moment_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  crashed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  lashing_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  turf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  rocked_VVD  and_CC  shuddered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  lay_VVD  still_JJ  .  
  Julian_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  watched_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  helpless_JJ  ,_,  petrified_JJ  amazement_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  ,_,  ran_VVD  forward_RR  with_IO  Elizabeth_NP  and_CC  Hanson_NP  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  clambered_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  branches_NNS  .  
  Julian_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  force_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  foliage_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  imagined_VVD  Mary_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  entangled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  broken_JJ  branches_NNS  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  very_RG  far_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  his_APP$  legs_NNS  trembling_VBG  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  up_RP  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  branch_NN  .  
  Hanson_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  way_NN  beyond_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  crawling_VBG  underneath_II  .  
  Elizabeth_NP  had_VHD  run_VBN  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  trunk_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  hands_NNS  getting_VBG  sticky_JJ  with_IO  resin_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ankles_NNS  getting_VBG  scraped_VBN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bark_NN  .    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  will_VM  live_VV0  for_RR  ever_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  house_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  big_JJ  house_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  give_VV0  it_PPH1  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
  how_CS can_VM  one_MC1  answer_VV0  such_DA  promises_NNS  .  
  Innocencio's_PPIO2  words_NNS  were_VBDR  dreams_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  will_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  children_NNS  with_IO  fair_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  lovely_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  some_DD  children_NNS  .    
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  have_VH0  often_RR  remembered_VBN  Innocencio's_PPIO2  dialect_NN  version_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  song_NN  ;_;  palomita_&FW  blanca_&FW  reluciente_&FW  estrella_&FW  mas_&FW  chula_&FW  y_&FW  mas_&FW  bella_&FW  qu'un_&FW  blanco_&FW  jasmin_&FW    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Innocencio_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  crater_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  mainland_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  snowy_JJ  peak_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  even_RR  now_RL  see_VV0  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,  
    right_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  huge_JJ  volcano_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  real_JJ  volcano_NN  ,_,  quite_RR  as_RG  active_JJ  as_IO  Vesuvius_NP  or_CC  Stromboli_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  called_VBN  the_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  Empedocles_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  name_NN  is_VBZ  true_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  mountain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  try_VV0  to_TO  keep_VV0  its_APP$  activities_NNS  hidden_VBN  ;_;  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  often_RR  admit_VV0  even_RR  its_APP$  existence_NN  to_IO  anyone_PN1  from_IO  the_AT1  mainland_NN  or_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  islands_NNS  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  see_VV0  a_AT1  glow_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  sky_NN  and_CC  ask_VV0  us_PPIO2   what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  tell_VV0  you_PPY  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  scrub_NN  .  
  so_PN1  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  and_CC  very_RG  likely_RR  the_AT1  olive_NN  trees_NNS  are_VBR  burning_VBG  too_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  started_VBN  the_AT1  conflagration_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  will_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  you_PPY  anything_PN1  about_IO  those_DD2  seething_JJ  underground_JB  cauldrons_NNS  that_PNQS threaten_VV0  to_TO  break_VV0  through_RP  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  occasionally_RR  do_VD0  so_PN1  !_!    
    what_DDQ  does_VBZ  the_AT1  pharos_NN  say_VV0  ,_,  out_RP  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jetty_NN  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  flashes_VBZ  a_AT1  message_NN  all_DB  night_NN  through_RP  ,_,  long_RR  after_CS  every_AT1  other_DA  lamp_NN  is_VBZ  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  a_AT1  message_NN  of_IO  comfort_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  away_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  alight_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  so_PN1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  mountain_NN  !_!  
  keep_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  these_DD2  dangerous_JJ  shores_NNS  .  
  and_CC  from_IO  above_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  ranges_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  turned_VBN  into_IO  blood_NN  ,_,  cries_VBZ  the_AT1  moon_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  stars_NNS  wide-eyed_JJ  with_IO  terror_NN  sink_VV0  back_RP  into_IO  their_APP$  cavernous_JJ  abyss_NN  .  
    last_DA  eruption_NN  the_AT1  mountain_NN  burst_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  bank_NN  and_CC  flung_VVD  millions_MC2  of_IO  pieces_NNS  of_IO  money_NN  high_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surrounding_JJ  hills_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  eagerly_RR  searched_VBN  for_IO  and_CC  gathered_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  people_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  villages_NNS  .  
  many_DA  a_AT1  mattress_NN  and_CC  stocking_NN  now_RL  bulges_VBZ  with_IO  that_DD1  extraordinary_JJ  gold_NN  .  
  such_DA  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  explosive_JJ  force_NN  that_CS  a_DA  few_DA  coins_NNS  fell_VVD  even_RR  as_RG  far_RR  away_RP  as_IO  England_NP  .  
    but_CCB  one_MC1  never_RR  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  a_AT1  volcano_NN  will_VM  do_VD0  next_RR  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  best_JJT  to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Innocencio_NP  wandered_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  forehead_NN  clouded_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  so_RG  often_RR  his_APP$  native_JJ  peak_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  legends_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  race_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  out_RP  again_RR  ,_,  hoping_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  the_AT1  peaceful_JJ  garden_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  far_RR  from_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  sea_NN  below_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  garden_NN  lay_VVD  near_IO  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  which_DDQ  included_VVD  a_AT1  strip_NN  of_IO  coastline_NN  edged_VBN  with_IO  precipitous_JJ  cliffs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  ;_;  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  festival_NN  ,_,  that_CS  so_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  about_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea-sports_NNS  ;_;  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  search_VV0  the_AT1  holiday_NN  crowd_NN  for_IO  Innocencio_NP  .  
  shall_VM  I_PPIS1  recognize_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  this_DD1  dazzling_JJ  light_NN  .  
  there_RL  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  !_!  
  no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  someone_PN1  a_RR  little_RR  like_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  in_IO  other_DA  directions_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  suddenly_RR  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  walking_VBG  with_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  companions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  talking_VBG  of_IO  the_AT1  contest_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ready_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  wearing_VBG  his_APP$  bathing-slip_NN  and_CC  bonnet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  on_IO  the_AT1  cliff-tops_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  Uncle's_NNSB2  domain_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  getting_VBG  towards_IO  evening_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wind_NN  has_VHZ  risen_VBN  but_CCB  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  clouds_NNS  ,_,  huge_JJ  waves_NNS  are_VBR  crashing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  below_II  .  
  spectators_NNS  are_VBR  gathered_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  cliff_NN  ,_,  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  by_IO  a_AT1  chasm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  chief_JB  event_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sports_NNS  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  townspeople_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  visitors_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  rustics_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  inland_RL  .  
  all_RR  at_RR  once_RR  a_AT1  commotion_NN  stirs_VBZ  them_PPHO1  :_:  Innocencio_NP  comes_VBZ  in_IO  sight_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  headland_NN  ,_,  pulling_VBG  a_AT1  boat_NN  with_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  strength_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  sea_NN  .  
  will_VM  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  reach_VV0  the_AT1  bay_NN  .  
  time_NN  after_IO  time_NN  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  undertow_NN  sweeps_VBZ  him_PPHO1  outward_RR  .  
  then_RL  putting_VBG  forth_RP  a_AT1  supreme_JJ  effort_NN  he_PPHO1  rides_VBZ  inshore_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ninth_MD  wave_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  flung_VBN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  drag_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  out-rushing_JB  water_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  seen_VBN  for_IO  spray_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  scream_NN  of_IO  triumph_NN  goes_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  watchers_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  has_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  done_VBN  before_II  !_!    someone_PN1  shouts_VBZ  in_IO  excitement_NN  ,_,  
    no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  has_VHZ  finished_VBN  the_AT1  course_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  pulled_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  from_IO  Galva_NP    how_CS many_DA  miles_NNS  .    and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  teeth_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  north-east_NN1  gale_NN  !_!    
    Innocencio_NP  !_!  
  Innocencio_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  cries_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  soar_VV0  higher_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  stormy_JJ  tumult_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  put_VBN  them_PPHO1  above_IO  Galva_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  Grasshoppers_NP2  ,_,  their_APP$  rival_JJ  port_NN  ;_;  Innocencio_NP  is_VBZ  their_APP$  hero_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Galva_NP  will_VM  praise_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  down_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  boat_NN  ,_,  rocking_VBG  now_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  sheltered_JJ  inlet_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  brought_VBN  from_IO  Galva_NP  where_CS his_APP$  sister_NN  lives_VBZ  a_AT1  trophy_NN  without_IO  price_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  and_CC  through_IO  tears_NNS  it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  like_IO  two_MC  little_JJ  brown_JJ  dolls_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  bigger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  and_CC  lighter_JJ  in_IO  colour_NN  ;_;  then_RL  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  shoes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  feet_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  sister's_NN1$  children_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  elder_JJ  sister_NN  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  is_VBZ  future_NN  and_CC  present_NN  and_CC  past_NN  .  
  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  made_VBN  from_IO  walnut-shells_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  skin_NN  of_IO  mouse_NN  and_CC  mole_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  prove_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  boat_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  to_IO  Galva_NP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  will_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  his_APP$  greatest_JJT  treasure_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  now_RL  into_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  Innocencio_NP  ;_;  below_IO  the_AT1  proud_JJ  surf_NN  lie_VV0  images_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  perpetual_JJ  terror_NN  of_IO  earth_NN  and_CC  sea_NN  ;_;  first_RR  the_AT1  twelve_MC  men_NNS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  frozen_VBN  stiff_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  stranded_JJ  lifeboat_NN  ;_;  then_RL  more_RG  recently_RR  the_AT1  brothers_NNS  from_IO  Lumio_NP  drowned_VBN  in_IO  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  clasp_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  trying_VBG  to_TO  save_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA    dragged_VBN  from_IO  translucent_JJ  depths_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  fast_RR  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  locked_VBN  that_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  separate_VV0  their_APP$  last_DA  embrace_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  buried_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  grave_NN  ;_;  and_CC  finally_RR  the_AT1  corpse_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  half-eaten_JJ  by_IO  worms_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  cemetery_NN  .  
  his_APP$  ribs_NNS  still_RR  echo_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  horror_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  tawny_JJ  hue_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  open_VV0  my_APP$  veins_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  I_PPIS1  open_VV0  the_AT1  veins_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  cut_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sliver_NN  of_IO  silicon_NN  .  
  blood_NN  pours_VBZ  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  flows_VBZ  out_RP  till_CS  it_PPH1  reaches_VBZ  the_AT1  sea_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  flowing_VBG  pours_VBZ  inexhaustible_JJ  through_IO  the_AT1  inexhaustible_JJ  sea_NN  without_IO  chafe_NN  or_CC  pause_NN  till_CS  it_PPH1  surrounds_VBZ  the_AT1  island_NN  a_AT1  line_NN  veining_VBG  marble_VV0  a_AT1  red_JJ  line_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  sea_NN  taut_JJ  from_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  making_VBG  a_AT1  long_JJ  arm_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  circling_VBG  the_AT1  island_NN  a_AT1  ribbon_NN  of_IO  stain_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  foam_NN  unmixing_JJ  like_IO  a_AT1  rusty_JJ  chain_NN  to_TO  bind_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  binding_VBG  his_APP$  home_NN1  so_CS  he_PPHO1  never_RR  can_VM  go_VV0  nor_CC  a_AT1  boat's_NN1$  prow_NN  cut_VV0  through_IO  a_AT1  crown_NN  renewed_VBN  without_IO  end_NN  of_IO  mercurial_JJ  metal_NN  from_IO  far-away_JB  gap_NN  whence_CS it_PPH1  flows_VBZ  only_RR  his_APP$  tooth_NN  could_VM  mend_VV0  the_AT1  gap_NN  whence_CS it_PPH1  flows_VBZ  only_RR  his_APP$  tongue_NN  lick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  stream_NN  at_IO  its_APP$  source_NN  only_RR  his_APP$  tooth_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  tongue_NN  .  
  cibation_NN  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  of_IO  wonder_NN  her_APP$  fountain_NN  sings_VBZ  .    
  the_AT1  magical_JJ  aphorisms_NNS  of_IO  Eugenius_NP  Philalethes_NP  .  
  next_DA  day_NN  I_PPIS1  persuaded_VVD  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  walking_VBG  with_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  neighbourhood_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coast-scenery_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  fine_JJ  that_CS  presently_RR  we_PPIS2  stopped_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  gazing_VBG  across_IO  a_AT1  bay_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  where_CS a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  jagged_JJ  cliffs_NNS  rose_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  horizon_NN  .  
    a_AT1  year_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ago_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  ,_,    a_AT1  girl_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  walking_VBG  along_IO  this_DD1  road_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  spring-tide_NN  ,_,  gone_VBN  down_RP  very_RG  low_RR  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to-day_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  as_CS  we_PPIS2  looked_VVD  across_RP  at_IO  that_DD1  rocky_JJ  shoal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  the_AT1  towers_NNS  and_CC  spires_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Gothic_JJ  cathedral_NN  rising_VBG  above_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  tide_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  so_RG  far_RR  that_CS  this_DD1  cathedral_NN  ,_,  normally_RR  submerged_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  plainly_RR  visible_JJ  .    
  while_CS  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  out_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  expanse_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  almost_RR  behold_VV0  the_AT1  faintly-discernible_JB  architecture_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  described_VVD  .  
  outlined_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  distinctly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  mind's_NN1$  eye_NN  at_RR  least_RR  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  imagine_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  but_II  little_DA  carving_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  grew_VVD  ,_,  to_TO  turn_VV0  nature_NN  into_IO  art_NN  .  
  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  who_PNQS  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
    just_RR  where_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,    the_AT1  coast_NN  is_VBZ  so_RR  formed_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  can_VM  n't_XX  ebb_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  about_RR  dead-low_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  only_RR  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  of_IO  sand_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  you_PPY  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  cathedral_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  hardly_RR  ever_RR  uncovered_JJ  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  lady_NN  stepped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  quite_RR  near_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  she_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  just_RR  where_CS the_AT1  sand_NN  dividing_VBG  us_PPIO2   from_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  narrowest_JJT  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  about_RR  opposite_IO  where_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tall_JJ  and_CC  fair_JJ  and_CC  dressed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  robe_NN  of_IO  yellow_JJ  silk_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  colour_NN  between_IO  orange_NN  and_CC  lemon_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  towards_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  wet_JJ  sand_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  across_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  now_RL  concentrated_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  waveless_JJ  touch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  nearer_JJ  sea_NN  and_CC  shore_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  all_RR  but_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  yellow-clad_JJ  figure_NN  standing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  edge_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  other_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  people_NNS    sea-men_NNS  and_CC  sea-women_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  her_PPHO1  or_CC  not_XX  far_RR  behind_RP  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,    he_PPHO1  continued_VVD  (_(  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  almost_RR  hear_VV0  the_AT1  sea-woman's_NN1$  voice_NN  )_)  ,_,    telling_VBG  us_PPIO2   her_APP$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Vellanserga_NP  ,_,  and_CC  inviting_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  go_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  cathedral_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  refused_VVD  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  girl_NN  went_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  again_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  same_DA  invitation_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  offered_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  too_RR  would_VM  have_VH0  accepted_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  how_CS completely_RR  the_AT1  anchorite's_NN1$  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  subjection_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  Uncle's_NNSB2  service_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  done_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  seeing_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  engrossed_VBN  in_IO  meditation_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  tale_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  anchorite_NN  withdrew_VVD  .  
  storm_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  distant_JJ  .  
  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  echo_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  threaten_VV0  .  
  is_VBZ  the_AT1  air_NN  weighted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  melancholy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tempest_NN  subsiding_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  anxious_JJ  hush_NN  that_PNQS precedes_VBZ  its_APP$  first_MD  assault_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  floats_VBZ  a_AT1  head_NN  in_IO  profile_NN  ,_,  of_IO  heroic_JJ  traits_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  collar_NN  of_IO  violets_NNS  encircling_VBG  the_AT1  severed_JJ  neck_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flaxen_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  once_RR  looped-up_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  spread_VBN  upon_IO  a_AT1  watery_JJ  surface_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tilted_VBN  by_IO  recurring_JJ  small_JJ  waves_NNS  .  
  some_DD  distant_JJ  storm_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  tore_VVD  this_DD1  head_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  ship's_NN1$  prow_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  wood_NN  still_RR  bleeds_VBZ  ,_,  oozing_VBG  a_AT1  purple_JJ  growth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  salty_JJ  taste_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mused_VVD  ,_,  comes_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  being_VBG  without_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  reflects_VBZ  a_AT1  tint_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  above_II  while_CS  turning_VBG  its_APP$  red_JJ  globes_NNS  into_IO  sea-anemones_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  blood_NN  has_VHZ  kept_VBN  these_DD2  as_IO  a_AT1  dye_NN  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ;_;  an_AT1  impalpable_JJ  region_NN  stretches_VBZ  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  and_CC  extends_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  under_IO  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  said_VBN  that_CS  our_APP$  starvation_NN  is_VBZ  their_APP$  plenty_NN  ;_;  that_CS  in_IO  time_NN  of_IO  war_NN  here_RL  ,_,  down_RP  there_RL  reigns_VBZ  the_AT1  deepest_JJT  peace_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  douce_JJ  air_NN  above_IO  stones_NNS  and_CC  soil_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  is_VBZ  not_XX  alone_JJ  ;_;  mist_NN  is_VBZ  blown_VBN  out_RP  towards_IO  a_AT1  silvered_JJ  horizon_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  perishes_VBZ  .  
  sometimes_RR  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  thickening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  growing_JJ  menace_NN  .  
  round_IO  coastal_JJ  rocks_NNS  flows_VBZ  a_AT1  true_JJ  water_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  authentic_JJ  Atlantide_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  peacock_NN  that_PNQS divides_VBZ  two_MC  continents_NNS  ,_,  shrill-voiced_JJ  but_CCB  never_RR  terrible_JJ  ;_;  nor_CC  that_DD1  narrow_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  deceptive_JJ  iris_NN  strait_NN  ;_;  nor_CC  yet_RR  the_AT1  electric_JJ  blue_NN  sweeping_VBG  from_IO  Teneriffe_NP  to_IO  Tory_NP  ,_,  though_CS  a_AT1  swish_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  tail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  dragon_NN  .  
  under_IO  granite_NN  the_AT1  saints_NNS  lie_NN  buried_VBN  ;_;  here_RL  a_AT1  monument_NN  measured_VBN  to_IO  human_JJ  form_NN  still_RR  stands_VBZ  ,_,  there_RL  a_AT1  tree_NN  takes_VBZ  shape_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bones_NNS  beneath_II  ,_,  an_AT1  honourable_JJ  vessel_NN  .  
  in_IO  yet_RR  earlier_JJ  rock_NN  there_EX  pulses_VBZ  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  sensual_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  saints_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  roused_VBN  up_RP  first_RR  .  
  their_APP$  diadems_NNS  are_VBR  bright_JJ  with_IO  Sunday_NN1  flowers_NNS  ,_,  already_RR  they_PPHS2  lift_VV0  head_NN  and_CC  shoulders_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  covering_JJ  slabs_NNS  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  come_VV0  alive_JJ  and_CC  walk_VV0  their_APP$  own_DA  realm_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  vegetation_NN  ,_,  then_RL  blood_NN  of_IO  beasts_NNS  must_VM  warm_VV0  the_AT1  older_JJ  stones_NNS  and_CC  power_NN  will_VM  wake_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  deeper_JJ  cave_NN  .  3_MC  .  
  hardly_RR  noticed_VBN  by_IO  Vicky_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  grief_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  expectant_JJ  motherhood_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  political_JJ  scene_NN  in_IO  Prussia_NP  had_VHD  greatly_RR  changed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  second_MD  son_NN  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  resumed_VVD  her_APP$  old_JJ  interests_NNS  .  
  Fritz_NP  had_VHD  shielded_VBN  her_PPHO1  from_IO  worry_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  weeks_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  pregnancy_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  with_IO  her_APP$  second_MD  son_NN  thriving_VBG  ,_,  delighted_JJ  with_IO  this_DD1  strong_JJ  and_CC  perfect_JJ  child_NN  ,_,  Vicky's_PPIO2  vitality_NN  renewed_VVD  itself_PPX1  .  
  Fritz_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  observed_VVD  ,_,  looked_VVD  harrassed_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  current_JJ  events_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  direct_JJ  questions_NNS  broke_VVD  through_IO  his_APP$  reserve_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  that_CS  Roon_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  conservative_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  otherwise_RR  liberal_JJ  ministry_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  demand_NN  ,_,  drawn_VBN  up_RP  plans_NNS  for_IO  an_AT1  army_NN  reform_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  approved_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  diet_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  ;_;  whereupon_CS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  dissolved_VVD  the_AT1  diet_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  newly_RR  elected_JJ  one_MC1  also_RR  vote_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  reform_NN  .  
  furious_JJ  ,_,  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  dissolved_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  diet_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  third_MD  ,_,  although_CS  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  members_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  in_IO  opposition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  suggested_VVD  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  compromise_NN  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  crisis_NN  ,_,  Fritz_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  at_IO  his_APP$  wit's_NN1$  end_NN  ,_,  advised_VVD  acceptance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  then_RL  turned_VVD  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  declared_VVD  that_CS  sooner_RRR  than_CS  step_VV0  down_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  stand_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  abdicate_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  abdication_NN  document_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  drawn_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  though_CS  not_XX  yet_RR  signed_VBN  .  
  Vicky_NP  listened_VVD  aghast_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  never_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  been_VBN  more_RRR  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Prince_NNSB1  Consort's_NNSB2  advice_NN  .  
    the_AT1  opinion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,    Fritz_NP  said_VVD  bitterly_RR  ,_,    is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  urging_VBG  my_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  abdicate_VV0  ,_,  in_CS  order_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  may_VM  step_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  shoes_NNS  .    
    what_DDQ  nonsense_NN  ,_,  oh_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  nonsense_NN  !_!    Vicky_NP  cried_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  anything_PN1  but_IO  nonsense_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  enemies_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  dearest_NN  .    
    but_CCB  who_PNQS  could_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  reign_VV0  under_IO  such_DA  conditions_NNS  .  
  how_CS could_VM  you_PPY  make_VV0  a_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  kingship_NN  knowing_VBG  your_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  bitterly_RR  resentful_JJ  and_CC  hurt_VBN  .    
    not_XX  all_DB  sons_NNS  love_VV0  their_APP$  fathers_NNS  ,_,  Vicky_NP  .    
    but_CCB  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    yes_UH  ;_;  though_CS  not_XX  as_CS  you_PPY  loved_VVD  yours_PP$  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  though_RR  ,_,  if_CS  our_APP$  opponents_NNS  credit_VV0  me_PPIO1  with_IO  filial_JJ  affection_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  will_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  .    
    refuse_VV0  the_AT1  crown_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  offered_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  apart_RP  altogether_RR  from_IO  my_APP$  father's_NN1$  feelings_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  accepted_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  well_RR  start_VV0  a_AT1  civil_JJ  war_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  worst_JJT  comes_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  abdication_NN  paper_NN  is_VBZ  signed_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  stand_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  Willy_NP  .    
    which_DDQ  ,_,    Vicky_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    would_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  regency_NN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  heaven_NN  only_RR  knows_VBZ  who_PNQS  would_VM  be_VB0  appointed_VBN  Regent_NNSB1  .  
  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  alternative_NN  .    
    the_AT1  present_JJ  diet_NN  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  solution_NN  ,_,    Fritz_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  offer_VV0  no_AT1  further_JB  suggestions_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  any_DD  advice_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  is_VBZ  suspect_JJ  .  
  Roon_NP  has_VHZ  sent_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,  Otto_NP  von_&FW  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  hoping_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  find_VV0  some_DD  way_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  deadlock_NN  .    
    Bismarck_NP  .  
  oh_UH  yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Paris_NP  ambassador_NN  .    
  Vicky_NP  knitted_VVD  her_APP$  brows_NNS  ,_,  
    Bertie_NP  of_IO  all_DB  people_NNS  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  that_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conservatives_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  excessively_RR  able_JJ  and_CC  ambitious_JJ  .  
  Bertie_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  ,_,  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  very_RG  sharp_JJ  thorn_NN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
    odd_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  Bertie_NP  being_VBG  so_RG  well-informed_JJ  ,_,    Fritz_NP  commented_VVD  .  
  feeling_VBG  rather_RR  proud_JJ  of_IO  her_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  Vicky_NP  agreed_VVD  .  
  Bertie_NP  was_VBDZ  much_RR  more_RG  intelligent_JJ  than_CS  most_DA  people_NNS  supposed_VVD  .  
  poor_JJ  ,_,  darling_JJ  Papa_NNSB1  had_VHD  under-rated_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  natural_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  so_RG  very_RG  different_JJ  from_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  presently_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  not_XX  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  throwing_VBG  poor_JJ  little_JJ  Willy_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  wolves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  depriving_VBG  him_PPHO1  of_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  mother_NN    for_CS  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  say_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  upbringing_NN    I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  exile_NN  .  
  England_NP  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  that_DD1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  you_PPY  .  would_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  grievously_RR  hard_JJ  on_IO  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  imagine_VV0  worse_JJ  fates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  my_APP$  father_NN  is_VBZ  pacified_VBN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  will_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  .  
  Willy_NP  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  boy_NN  king_NN  in_IO  history_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  old_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  rule_VV0  ,_,  conditions_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  altered_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  darling_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  risk_VV0  a_AT1  civil_JJ  war_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  .    
    Prussia_NP  might_VM  become_VV0  a_AT1  republic_NN  ,_,    Vicky_NP  hazarded_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  other_DA  states_NNS  might_VM  be_VB0  co-operative_JJ  .    
    that_DD1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  whole_NN  ,_,  Germans_NP2  are_VBR  imperial_JJ  minded_JJ  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  insist_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  king_NN  ,_,  if_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  puppet_NN  king_NN  .    
    is_VBZ  there_EX  nothing_PN1  we_PPIS2  can_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  Fritz_NP  .    
    nothing_PN1  but_CS  wait_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  influence_NN  over_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  poor_JJ  mother_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  despair_NN  .  
  Bismarck_NP  is_VBZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  arrive_VV0  in_IO  Berlin_NP  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  father_NN  has_VHZ  agreed_VBN  to_TO  receive_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Vicky_NP  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  ,_,  unable_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  shamed_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  resist_VV0  weaving_VBG  a_AT1  roseate_JJ  dream_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  joy_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  England_NP  with_IO  Fritz_NP  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  forget_VV0  these_DD2  few_DA  bitter_JJ  years_NNS  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  poor_JJ  little_JJ  Willy_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  in_IO  authority_NN  here_RL  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  their_APP$  two_MC  younger_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS everything_PN1  had_VHD  settled_VBN  down_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  parting_NN  from_IO  their_APP$  firstborn_NN  .  
  Victoria_NP  would_VM  use_VV0  all_DB  her_APP$  considerable_JJ  influence_NN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dream_NN  soon_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  dispelled_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  tore_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  abdication_NN  document_NN  .  
  Bismarck_NP  promised_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  given_IO  authority_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  get_VV0  through_RP  the_AT1  army_NN  reform_NN  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  the_AT1  disposition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  diet_NN  ;_;  whereupon_CS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  conferred_VVD  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  title_NN  and_CC  position_NN  of_IO  Minister_NNSB1  President_NNSB1  and_CC  foreign_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  of_IO  Prussia_NP  .  
  hearing_VBG  this_DD1  ,_,  Fritz_NP  and_CC  Vicky_NP  scarcely_RR  knew_VVD  whether_CS  to_TO  be_VB0  relieved_JJ  or_CC  otherwise_RR  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  crisis_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  bypassed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  worn_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  struggle_NN  was_VBDZ  content_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  state_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  adviser_NN  .  
  Queen_NNSB1  Augusta_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  hitherto_RR  seen_VBN  little_DA  of_IO  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  who_PNQS within_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  disliked_VVD  him_PPHO1  intensely_RR  ,_,  wept_VVD  disconsolate_JJ  tears_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  influence_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  great_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reduced_VBN  to_IO  nil_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  President_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  bluntly_RR  announced_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  tolerate_VV0  petticoat_NN  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  included_VVD  the_AT1  young_JJ  Crown_NNSB1  Princess_NNSB1  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  serve_VV0  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  ,_,  Bismarck_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  him_PPHO1  alone_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  doubt_NN  but_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  serve_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  his_APP$  satisfaction_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  relied_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  finally_RR  be_VB0  not_XX  only_RR  King_NNSB1  of_IO  Prussia_NP  but_CCB  Emperor_NNSB1  of_IO  a_AT1  united_JJ  Germany_NP  .  
  soon_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  realised_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ  Minister_NNSB1  had_VHD  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  following_NN  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  King's_NNSB2  backing_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  authority_NN  was_VBDZ  paramount_JJ  .  
  within_IO  weeks_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  diet_NN  ,_,  composed_VBN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS slavishly_RR  believed_VVD  in_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  under_IO  his_APP$  sway_NN  .  
  Fritz_NP  was_VBDZ  treated_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  weakling_NN  enemy_NN  .  
  Vicky_NP  as_IO  his_APP$  evil_JJ  genius_NN  .  
  unpopular_JJ  before_CS  Bismarck_NP  came_VVD  into_IO  power_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  hated_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  hatred_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  ignoring_VBG  her_PPHO1  whenever_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  not_XX  been_VBN  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  Royal_NNSB1  of_IO  Great_NP  Britain_NP  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  mother_NN  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  queen_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Fritz_NP  might_VM  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  banished_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  Vicky_NP  often_RR  wondered_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  meet_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  untimely_JJ  end_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  ways_NNS  than_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  getting_VBG  rid_VBN  of_IO  an_AT1  intransigent_JJ  princess_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  Bismarck's_PPIO2  policy_NN  to_TO  so_RR  inflame_VV0  Britain_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  war_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  wiser_JJ  to_TO  treat_VV0  Vicky_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  ignorant_JJ  ,_,  hot-headed_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  appearing_VBG  to_TO  tolerate_VV0  Fritz_NP  ,_,  to_TO  estrange_VV0  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  from_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  various_JJ  subtle_JJ  means_NNS  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  Fritz_NP  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  into_IO  open_JJ  conflict_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  .  
  Bismarck_NP  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  diet_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  subservient_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  constantly_RR  criticised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  liberal_JJ  newspapers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  retaliated_VVD  by_IO  passing_VBG  an_AT1  emergency_NN  decree_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  effectually_RR  muzzled_VVD  the_AT1  press_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  no_AT1  political_JJ  opinion_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  newspaper_NN  circulated_VBN  without_IO  the_AT1  approval_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Minister_NNSB1  President_NNSB1  ;_;  free_JJ  speech_NN  was_VBDZ  annihilated_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  any_DD  article_NN  in_IO  praise_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  government_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  extravagant_JJ  publicity_NN  .  
  scurrilous_JJ  attacks_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  on_IO  Vicky_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  bad_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  too_RG  personally_RR  insulting_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  written_VBN  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  now_RL  no_AT1  objections_NNS  raised_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  visiting_VBG  England_NP  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  chose_VVD  ;_;  the_AT1  hope_NN  was_VBDZ  openly_RR  expressed_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  return_VV0  to_IO  Prussia_NP  .  
  Fritz_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  opinions_NNS  and_CC  principles_NNS  were_VBDR  outraged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  furiously_RR  indignant_JJ  on_IO  Vicky's_PPIO2  behalf_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS at_IO  an_AT1  official_JJ  reception_NN  at_IO  Dantzig_NP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  outright_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  burgomaster_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  any_DD  hand_NN  in_IO  bringing_VBG  about_RP  the_AT1  press_NN  ordinance_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  been_VBN  absent_JJ  from_IO  Berlin_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  had_VHN  no_AT1  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  councils_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  led_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  his_APP$  short_JJ  speech_NN  which_DDQ  followed_VVD  ,_,  showed_VVD  clearly_RR  where_CS his_APP$  sympathies_NNS  lay_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  burgomaster's_NN1$  question_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  as_IO  no_AT1  surprise_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  warned_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  reception_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  challenged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Vicky_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  had_VHD  implored_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  position_NN  plain_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  their_APP$  own_DA  following_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  argued_VVD  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  minority_NN  following_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Fritz_NP  owed_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  involved_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  disgraceful_JJ  measure_NN  .  
  within_IO  hours_NNS  the_AT1  storm_NN  broke_VVD  about_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  threatened_VVD  to_TO  cast_VV0  Fritz_NP  off_RP  altogether_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  Augusta_NP  wrote_VVD  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  hysterical_JJ  letter_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  confusedly_RR  sympathised_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  reproached_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  laid_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  blame_NN  on_IO  Vicky_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  proving_VBG  herself_PPX1  no_AT1  friend_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  adopted_JJ  country_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,    Vicky_NP  said_VVD  sadly_RR  .  
    not_XX  to_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  Prussia_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  changed_VBN  and_CC  demoralised_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  without_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  even_RR  some_DD  of_IO  your_APP$  real_JJ  ,_,  true_JJ  friends_NNS  doubt_VV0  me_PPIO1  ;_;  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  wedded_VBN  not_XX  only_RR  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  country_NN  ;_;  and_CC  they_PPHS2  would_VM  rather_RR  put_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  this_DD1  devilish_JJ  Bismarck_NP  than_CS  run_VV0  the_AT1  danger_NN    they_PPHS2  think_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  danger_NN    of_IO  being_VBG  anglicised_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  blame_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  how_CS repellent_JJ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  prussianised_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  loved_VBN  you_PPY  ,_,  or_CC  wanted_VBN  to_TO  marry_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  had_VHN  that_DD1  been_VBN  your_APP$  attitude_NN  .    
    thank_VV0  God_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  never_RR  was_VBDZ  ,_,    Fritz_NP  said_VVD  .  
    all_DB  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  bring_VV0  the_AT1  fresh_JJ  air_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  to_TO  blow_VV0  upon_IO  the_AT1  cobwebs_NNS  in_IO  mine_PP$  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  sufficient_JJ  breath_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    and_CC  Vicky_NP  smiled_VVD  wryly_RR  .  
    oh_UH  darling_NN    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  so_RG  hopeless_JJ  .  
  sometimes_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  they_PPHS2  will_VM  contrive_VV0  to_TO  separate_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  dearly_RR  though_CS  we_PPIS2  love_VV0  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .    
  to_TO  think_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  reality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nightmare_NN  dream_NN  ,_,  Fritz_NP  chided_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  added_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  only_RR  wish_VV0  you_PPY  could_VM  get_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1    you_PPY  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  as_RR  well_RR    until_CS  the_AT1  worst_JJT  storm_NN  blows_VBZ  over_RP  .    
    we_PPIS2  both_DB2  ought_VM  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  Fritz_NP    not_XX  permanently_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  a_AT1  respite_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  ,_,  in_IO  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  am_VBM  strangely_RR  free_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  so_RR  opposed_VBN  to_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  views_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  scarcely_RR  be_VB0  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  figure-head_NN  in_IO  Prussia_NP  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  hateful_JJ  Bismarck_NP  will_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  .    
    so_PN1  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,    agreed_VVD  Fritz_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  shrug_NN  .  
    why_CS not_XX  give_VV0  the_AT1  King_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  country_NN  time_NN  to_TO  tire_VV0  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .    Vicky_NP  urged_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  good_NN  can_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  as_CS  things_NNS  are_VBR  .  
  Mamma_NNSB1  ,_,  poor_JJ  darling_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  sufficiently_RR  roused_VBN  herself_PPX1  from_IO  her_APP$  grief_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  concerned_JJ  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  proposition_NN  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  greatly_RR  depends_VBZ  upon_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  of_IO  Alix_NP  when_CS she_PPHO1  at_RR  last_RR  meets_VBZ  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  possible_JJ  she_PPHO1  will_VM  bring_VV0  about_RP  that_DD1  marriage_NN  ,_,  because_CS  Papa_NNSB1  so_RG  much_RR  wished_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  Bertie_NP  seems_VBZ  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  indifferent_JJ  .  
  poor_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  too_RG  miserable_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  future_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  Fritz_NP  opined_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  to_TO  approve_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  Princess_NNSB1  Alexandra_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  inherent_JJ  gentleness_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  asset_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  see_VV0  ,_,    
  Vicky_NP  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  meeting_NN  at_IO  Laeken_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  arranged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  Mamma_NNSB1  has_VHZ  asked_VBN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  take_VV0  charge_NN  of_IO  Bertie_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  .    
    take_VV0  charge_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  Berlin_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  scarcely_RR  enjoy_VV0  himself_PPX1  here_RL  just_RR  now_RL  .    
    Mamma_NNSB1  knows_VBZ  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  advocate_VV0  it_PPH1  .  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  once_RR  more_RRR  at_IO  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  no_AT1  signs_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  interested_JJ  in_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP  before_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  shoe_NN  remained_VVD  ,_,  untouched_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  occurred_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  briefly_RR  (_(  two_MC  more_DA  prisoners_NNS  were_VBDR  examined_VBN  )_)  how_CS odd_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  convoy_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  this_DD1    Colonel_NNSB1    and_CC  his_APP$  assistant_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  ones_CD1S  who_PNQS knew_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  .  
  and_CC  did_VDD  Benvenuto_NP  know_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  also_RR  seemed_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  soldier_NN  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  reaching_VBG  Benvenuto_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  trust_VV0  her_APP$  senses_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  soldier_NN  shout_VV0  :_:      fall_VV0  out_RP  !_!    get_VV0  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  trucks_NNS  !_!    and_CC  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  add_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  language_NN  ,_,      and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  waste_VV0  any_DD  time_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    and_CC  though_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  impossible_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  escaped_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  possible_JJ  explanation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  command_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  started_VVD  shuffling_VBG  back_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  truck_NN  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  walking_VBG  evenly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  foot_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  higher_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  moved_VVD  very_RG  fast_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Benvenuto_NP  get_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  truck_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  without_IO  looking_VBG  either_LE  right_RR  or_CC  left_RR  ;_;  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  soldier_NN  help_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  up_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  tail-gate_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  start_VV0  to_TO  hurry_VV0  the_AT1  line_NN  along_RP  ,_,  pushing_VBG  each_DD1  man_NN  along_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  shoulders_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_DA  few_DA  prisoners_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  boarding_VBG  the_AT1  truck_NN  herself_PPX1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  step_VV0  on_IO  her_APP$  shoe_NN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  even_RR  notice_VV0  his_APP$  discomfort_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  impatience_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  truck_NN  .  
  but_CCB  obviously_RR  the_AT1  heel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shoe_NN  annoyed_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  the_AT1  soldier_NN  to_TO  point_VV0  his_APP$  flashlight_NN  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  offending_JJ  object_NN  .  
  the_AT1  soldier_NN  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Colonel_NNSB1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  from_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  methodically_RR  wiped_VVD  the_AT1  mud_NN  from_IO  it_PPH1  so_CS  that_CS  its_APP$  red_JJ  leather_NN  shone_VVD  .  
  Clara_NP  meanwhile_RR  had_VHD  passed_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  truck_NN  ,_,  manoeuvring_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  close_RR  to_IO  Benvenuto_NP  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  round_RP  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  shoe_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Colonel's_NNSB2  hand_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  very_RG  small_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  Colonel's_NNSB2  hand_NN  looked_VVD  very_RG  large_JJ  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  shoe_NN  ,_,    Lescaut_NP  said_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  very_RG  pretty_JJ  shoe_NN  .    
  three_MC  .  
  liberation_NN  .  
  1_MC1  .  
  until_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  moment_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  captured_VBN  Clara_NP  had_VHD  believed_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  of_IO  hearts_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  would_VM  escape_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  .  
  in_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  hours_NNS  from_IO  noon_NN  to_IO  midnight_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  August_NN1  day_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RR  filled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  ceased_VBN  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  day-to-day_JB  life_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  enjoyed_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  today_NN1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  Benvenuto_NP  ;_;  tomorrow_NN1  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  Benvenuto_NP  .  
  had_VHD  it_PPH1  not_XX  always_RR  been_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  would_VM  it_PPH1  not_XX  always_RR  be_VB0  so_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  more_RRR  you_PPY  love_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RRR  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  likely_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  world_NN  must_VM  love_VV0  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  takes_VBZ  stubborn_JJ  facts_NNS  to_TO  dislodge_VV0  belief_NN  or_CC  habit_NN  .  
  until_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  Manon_NP  Lescaut_NP  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  shoe_NN  ,_,  Clara_NP  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  against_IO  all_DB  appearances_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  :_:  because_CS  they_PPHS2  loved_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  if_CS  for_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  reason_NN  .  
  another_DD1  thing_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  for_CS  granted_VBN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  Benvenuto_NP  also_RR  had_VHD  faith_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  escape_NN  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  why_CS had_VHD  he_PPHO1  undertaken_VBN  to_TO  fly_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  Clara_NP  had_VHD  believed_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  who_PNQS tended_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  more_RG  realistic_JJ  in_IO  appraising_VBG  their_APP$  chances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  swayed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  o'erweaning_JJ  optimism_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS their_APP$  capture_NN  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  Benvenuto_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  believed_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  escape_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  this_DD1  perfectly_RR  plain_JJ  by_IO  his_APP$  reactions_NNS  .  
  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  more_RG  frightened_JJ  than_CS  before_II  ,_,  his_APP$  capture_NN  plainly_RR  relieved_VVD  his_APP$  mind_NN  of_IO  whatever_DDQ  doubts_NNS  he_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  .  
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  and_CC  obeyed_VVD  Manon_NP  Lescaut_NP  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  absolutely_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  ,_,  why_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  ;_;  and_CC  even_RR  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  probably_RR  knew_VVD  better_RRR  than_CS  he_PPHO1  ,_,  Benvenuto_NP  ,_,  did_VDD  ,_,  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  and_CC  suitable_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Clara_NP  was_VBDZ  used_JJ  to_IO  following_VBG  his_APP$  lead_NN  ,_,  and_CC  within_IO  minutes_NNS  she_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  relief_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  captured_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  realized_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  would_VM  not_XX  escape_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  everything_PN1  that_PNQS had_VHD  happened_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  twelve_MC  hours_NNS  had_VHD  happened_VBN  just_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ordained_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  everything_PN1  that_PNQS would_VM  happen_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  now_RL  would_VM  happen_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ordained_VBN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  so_PN1  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  plan_VV0  anything_PN1  or_CC  to_TO  feel_VV0  any_DD  fear_NN  .  
  several_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  that_PNQS followed_VVD  their_APP$  capture_NN  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  being_VBG  driven_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  roads_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  jeep_NN  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  had_VHD  commandeered_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  to_IO  Benvenuto_NP  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  ;_;  and_CC  whenever_CS she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  her_APP$  own_DA  feelings_NNS  confirmed_VBN  .  
  Benvenuto's_PPIO2  face_NN  was_VBDZ  deprived_VBN  of_IO  all_DB  expression_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  done_VBN  away_RP  both_DB2  with_IO  its_APP$  past_NN  and_CC  with_IO  its_APP$  future_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  neither_LE  regretted_VVD  nor_CC  expected_VVD  .  
  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  his_APP$  large_JJ  and_CC  strong_JJ  hand_NN  passed_VVD  under_IO  her_APP$  blanket_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  hers_PP$  and_CC  lie_VV0  there_RL  on_IO  her_APP$  lap_NN  ;_;  and_CC  even_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  neither_LE  pleasure_NN  nor_CC  pain_NN  .  
  his_APP$  hand_NN  merely_RR  indicated_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  next_RR  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  together_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  derived_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  strength_NN  from_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Benvenuto_NP  were_VBDR  able_JJ  to_TO  sustain_VV0  everything_PN1  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  said_VVD  and_CC  did_VDD  in_IO  silence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  cruel_JJ  ,_,  except_CS  with_IO  his_APP$  words_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  words_NNS  all_DB  seemed_VVD  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  someone_PN1  called_VBN  the_AT1  Capita*?2n_NNSB1  and_CC  with_IO  times_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  gone_VBN  by_RP  and_CC  had_VHD  no_AT1  particular_JJ  relevance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  imagine_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  bothered_VVD  to_TO  mention_VV0  half_DB  the_AT1  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  mentioned_VVD  :_:  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  think_VV0  Benvenuto_NP  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  or_CC  would_VM  deny_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  now_CS  that_CS  all_DB  those_DD2  things_NNS  were_VBDR  done_VBN  ,_,  now_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  over_RP  with_II  ,_,  what_DDQ  could_VM  recalling_VBG  them_PPHO1  serve_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  taken_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  and_CC  told_VBN  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  two_MC  chairs_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  football_NN  games_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  so_RG  common_JJ  ,_,  where_CS all_DB  the_AT1  players_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  handles_NNS  and_CC  you_PPY  make_VV0  goals_NNS  by_IO  twisting_VBG  the_AT1  handles_NNS  and_CC  making_VBG  the_AT1  players_NNS  kick_VV0  a_AT1  ping-pong_NN  ball_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  goal_NN  .  
  Benvenuto_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  team_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  introduced_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  called_VBN    Major_NNSB1  Vincent_NP    and_CC  then_RL  introduced_VVD  Benvenuto_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  get_VV0  up_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  chairs_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  did_VDD  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  ,_,  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  fat_JJ  ,_,  pink_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  seek_VV0  to_TO  shake_VV0  their_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  presumed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  handed_VBN  over_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  charge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  surprised_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  care_VV0  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  glance_NN  at_IO  Benvenuto_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  too_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  care_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unimportant_JJ  in_IO  whose_WP$I  hands_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ;_;  all_DB  would_VM  happen_VV0  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ordained_VBN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  Major_NNSB1  Vincent_NP  to_TO  misjudge_VV0  the_AT1  emotions_NNS  of_IO  Benvenuto_NP  and_CC  Clara_NP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  because_CS  from_IO  his_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  of_IO  their_APP$  fates_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  very_RG  little_DA  in_IO  their_APP$  present_JJ  appearance_NN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  anything_PN1  else_RR  but_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  abject_JJ  fear_NN  and_CC  humiliation_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  fullness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  self-satisfaction_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  suggested_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  pale_JJ  ,_,  weary_JJ  ,_,  shrunken_JJ  ,_,  wizened_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  tattered_JJ  rags_NNS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  proud_JJ  Capita*?2n_NNSB1  who_PNQS had_VHD  guided_VBN  the_AT1  destiny_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  country_NN  for_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Bassanio's_PPIO2  patched_JJ  and_CC  threadbare_JJ  uniform_NN  Benvenuto_NP  looked_VVD  like_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  fugitive_NN  from_IO  justice_NN  caught_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  absolutely_RR  futile_JJ  disguise_NN  .  
  gone_VBN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  habitual_JJ  arrogance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  expression_NN  ,_,  gone_VBN  the_AT1  proud_JJ  thrust_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  jaw_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  many_DA  gestures_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  ;_;  extinct_JJ  the_AT1  brilliance_NN  and_CC  fire_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  her_PPHO1  an_AT1  Emperor's_NNSB2  mistress_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  pampered_JJ  Pompadour_NP  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  had_VHD  always_RR  imagined_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD    the_AT1  expression_NN  caused_VVD  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  a_AT1  smile_NN    like_IO  a_AT1  wife_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  faithful_JJ  adjunct_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  mute_JJ  copy_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  master_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  slouch_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  fine_JJ  shoe_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  delicate_JJ  foot_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  dress_NN  spattered_VBN  and_CC  stiff_JJ  with_IO  mud_NN  :_:  to_IO  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  her_APP$  cropped_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  thin_JJ  breasts_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  pale_JJ  and_CC  drawn_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  sleepless-strained_JB  eyes_NNS  brought_VVD  to_IO  mind_NN  nothing_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  submissiveness_NN  and_CC  servility_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  Rumanian_NN1  brought_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_RP  ,_,  Major_NNSB1  Vincent_NP  decided_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  stages_NNS  of_IO  fear_NN  and_CC  exhaustion_NN  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  trouble_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Benvenuto_NP  and_CC  Clara_NP  were_VBDR  not_XX  the_AT1  first_MD  prisoners_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  ,_,  nor_CC  would_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  execute_VV0  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  prisoners_NNS  had_VHD  behaved_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  confident_JJ  Benvenuto_NP  and_CC  Clara_NP  would_VM  behave_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  as_IO  fear_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  faces_NNS  he_PPHO1  ascribed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  overwhelming_JJ  depression_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  taken_VBN  when_CS they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  Benvenuto_NP  as_CS  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  position_NN  as_IO  that_DD1  prisoner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  Cardinal_NNSB1  during_IO  the_AT1  inquisition_NN  .  
  one_MC1  night_NN  the_AT1  Cardinal_NNSB1  left_VVD  the_AT1  prisoner's_NN1$  door_NN  unlocked_JJ  and_CC  through_IO  endless_JJ  dangers_NNS  and_CC  mounting_JJ  fear_NN  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  outer_JB  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  citadel_NN    only_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  Cardinal_NNSB1  waiting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  there_RL  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  scaled_VBN  that_DD1  wall_NN  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  a_DA  few_DA  steps_NNS  short_JJ  of_IO  achieving_VBG  one's_$  aims_NNS  ,_,  Major_NNSB1  Vincent_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  as_RG  terrible_JJ  a_AT1  fate_NN  as_CS  could_VM  befall_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  .  
  like_IO  that_DD1  Cardinal_NNSB1  ,_,  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  had_VHD  his_APP$  methods_NNS  with_IO  prisoners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  modern_JJ  and_CC  most_RG  efficient_JJ  methods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  relatively_RR  without_IO  cruelty_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  Capita*?2n_NNSB1  before_CS  he_PPHO1  killed_VVD  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  broken_VBN  down_RP  into_IO  absolute_JJ  zero_MC  ;_;  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  deny_VV0  ever_RR  having_VHG  been_VBN  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  unthink_VV0  every_AT1  thought_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  had_VHN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  succeed_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  accomplished_VBN  two_MC  desirable_JJ  aims_NNS  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  own_DA  thoughts_NNS  would_VM  rule_VV0  supreme_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  feel_VV0  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  before_II  ,_,  that_DD1  state_NN  of_IO  semi-exaltation_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  own_DA  ideas_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  supersede_VV0  all_DB  others_DA2  and_CC  have_VH0  free_JJ  play_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  realities_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  state_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  cars_NNS  that_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  function_VV0  ,_,  no_AT1  stomachs_NNS  with_IO  special_JJ  requirements_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  imperfections_NNS  of_IO  communication_NN  .  
  second_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  easier_JJ  to_TO  kill_VV0  his_APP$  prisoner_NN  once_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  reduced_VBN  to_IO  absolute_JJ  zero_MC  .  
  somehow_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  afraid_JJ  a_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  the_AT1  easier_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  kill_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  had_VHD  his_APP$  methods_NNS  for_IO  achieving_VBG  these_DD2  aims_NNS  :_:  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  always_RR  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
    the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  made_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  and_CC  understand_VV0  one_MC1  thing_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  swing_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  pendulum_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  make_VV0  doubt_NN  play_VV0  with_IO  hope_NN  ,_,  speculation_NN  with_IO  logic_NN  .  
  ultimately_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  relief_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  not_XX  caring_VBG  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  mind_NN  will_VM  take_VV0  death_NN  with_IO  ease_NN  then_RL  ,_,  for_CS  life_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  burden_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  torment_NN  and_CC  death_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  liberation_NN  .    
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  did_VDD  not_XX  understand_VV0  was_VBDZ  that_CS  Benvenuto_NP  and_CC  Clara_NP  had_VHD  reached_VBN  this_DD1  point_NN  without_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Major's_NNSB2  odd_JJ  vanity_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  impose_VV0  this_DD1  on_IO  two_MC  human_JJ  beings_NNS  .  
  in_IO  reality_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  making_VBG  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  follow_VV0  that_DD1  path_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Major_NNSB1  Vincent_NP  also_RR  had_VHD  his_APP$  moments_NNS  of_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  to_TO  calculate_VV0  what_DDQ  effect_NN  the_AT1  girl_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  on_IO  his_APP$  plans_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  ought_VM  he_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  would_VM  n't_XX  it_PPH1  be_VB0  considered_VBN  unnecessarily_RR  cruel_JJ  to_TO  kill_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  and_CC  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  reduce_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  zero_MC  when_CS obviously_RR  all_DB  her_APP$  concerns_NNS  were_VBDR  with_IO  the_AT1  Capita*?2n_NNSB1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  barely_RR  thought_VVD  of_IO  herself_PPX1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  sidestepped_VVD  the_AT1  thought_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  later_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  imagined_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  thinking_VBG  that_CS  Clara_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  anything_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  decision_NN  .  yet_RR  even_RR  this_DD1  did_VDD  not_XX  yet_RR  trouble_VV0  me_PPIO1  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  my_APP$  reception_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  see_VV0  Honor_NP  again_RR  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  frenzy_NN  of_IO  need_NN  and_CC  desire_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  now_RL  come_VBN  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  enough_DD  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  moreover_RR  a_RR  little_RR  the_AT1  dupe_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  illusion_NN  of_IO  lovers_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  beloved_JJ  object_NN  must_VM  ,_,  somehow_RR  ,_,  respond_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  an_AT1  extremity_NN  of_IO  love_NN  not_XX  only_RR  merits_VBZ  but_CCB  compels_VBZ  some_DD  return_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  expected_VVD  nothing_PN1  very_RG  much_DA  ,_,  I_PPIS1  certainly_RR  expected_VVD  nothing_PN1  precise_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  future_NN  was_VBDZ  sufficiently_RR  open_JJ  ,_,  sufficiently_RR  obscure_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  receive_VV0  the_AT1  now_RL  so_RG  fierce_JJ  onward_JB  rush_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  more_RRR  occupied_VBN  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  near_II  to_IO  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  wonderment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  nature_NN  and_CC  genesis_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  love_NN  .  
  when_CS had_VHD  I_PPIS1  begun_VBN  ,_,  unbeknown_RR  to_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  to_TO  love_VV0  Honor_NP  Klein_NP  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  when_CS I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  cellar_NN  floor_NN  .  
  or_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  cut_VV0  the_AT1  napkins_NNS  in_IO  two_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  Samurai_NP  sword_NN  .  
  or_CC  at_IO  some_DD  earlier_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  strange_JJ  moment_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  dusty_JJ  ,_,  booted_JJ  and_CC  spurred_JJ  ,_,  confront_VV0  the_AT1  golden_JJ  potentates_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  my_APP$  oppressors_NNS  .  
  or_CC  even_RR  ,_,  most_RG  prophetically_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  glimpsed_VBN  the_AT1  curving_JJ  seam_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stocking_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flaring_JJ  orange_JJ  lights_NNS  at_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  Corner_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  harder_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  peculiar_JJ  nature_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  love_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  how_CS peculiar_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  struck_VVD  me_PPIO1  as_CS  marvellous_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  nevertheless_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  deep_JJ  certainty_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  love_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  passed_VBN  from_IO  dislike_NN  to_IO  love_NN  without_IO  experiencing_VBG  any_DD  intermediate_JJ  stage_NN  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  reassessed_VVD  her_APP$  character_NN  ,_,  noticed_VVD  new_JJ  qualities_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  passed_VVD  less_RG  harsh_JJ  judgements_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  ones_CD1S  :_:  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  imply_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  now_RL  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  for_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  things_NNS  for_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  previously_RR  disliked_VBN  her_PPHO1  heartily_RR  ;_;  if_CS  indeed_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ever_RR  disliked_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  doubt_NN  that_CS  now_RL  I_PPIS1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  truth_NN  a_AT1  monstrous_JJ  love_NN  such_CS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  experienced_VBN  before_II  ,_,  a_AT1  love_NN  out_RP  of_IO  such_DA  depths_NNS  of_IO  self_NN  as_CS  monsters_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  .  
  a_AT1  love_NN  devoid_JJ  of_IO  tenderness_NN  and_CC  humour_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  love_NN  practically_RR  devoid_JJ  of_IO  personality_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  too_RR  how_CS little_DA  this_DD1  passion_NN  which_DDQ  involved_VVD  ,_,  so_PN1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  subjection_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  whole_JJ  being_NN  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  in_IO  any_DD  simple_JJ  or_CC  comprehensible_JJ  sense_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  as_CS  my_APP$  blood_NN  at_IO  every_AT1  moment_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  so_RG  darkly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  preserved_VVD  the_AT1  illusion_NN  of_IO  never_RR  having_VHG  touched_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  knocked_VBN  her_PPHO1  down_RP  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  held_VBN  her_APP$  hand_NN  ;_;  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  her_APP$  hand_NN  I_PPIS1  practically_RR  felt_VVD  faint_JJ  .  
  how_CS very_RG  different_JJ  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  from_IO  my_APP$  old_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  Antonia_NP  ,_,  so_RG  warm_JJ  and_CC  radiant_JJ  with_IO  golden_JJ  human_JJ  dignity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  my_APP$  love_NN  for_IO  Georgie_NP  ,_,  so_RG  tender_JJ  and_CC  sensuous_JJ  and_CC  gay_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  how_CS flimsy_JJ  these_DD2  other_DA  attachments_NNS  seemed_VVD  by_IO  comparison_NN  .  
  the_AT1  power_NN  that_PNQS held_VVD  me_PPIO1  now_RL  was_VBDZ  like_IO  nothing_PN1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  ever_RR  known_VBN  :_:  and_CC  the_AT1  image_NN  returned_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  of_IO  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  Love_NP  as_CS  pictured_VBN  by_IO  Dante_NP  .  
  el_&FW  m'ha_&FW  percosso_&FW  in_&FW  terra_&FW  e_&FW  stammi_&FW  sopra_&FW  .  
  it_PPH1  occurred_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  later_RRR  as_CS  remarkable_JJ  and_CC  somehow_RR  splendid_JJ  that_CS  one_MC1  thing_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  never_RR  envisaged_VVD  in_IO  these_DD2  early_JJ  moments_NNS  was_VBDZ  that_CS  my_APP$  condition_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  bogus_JJ  or_CC  unreal_JJ  .  
  wherever_CS it_PPH1  might_VM  lead_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sufficiently_RR  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  and_CC  had_VHD  utterly_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  :_:  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  ,_,  attempt_VV0  to_TO  disown_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  explain_VV0  it_PPH1  away_RP  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  grotesque_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  grotesqueness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  substance_NN  and_CC  to_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  beyond_IO  any_DD  area_NN  of_IO  possible_JJ  explanation_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  laid_VVD  an_AT1  absolute_JJ  claim_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  idea_NN  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  do_VD0  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Honor_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  quite_RR  likely_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  simply_RR  collapse_VV0  speechless_JJ  at_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  nothing_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  mattered_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  my_APP$  actions_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  richness_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  glided_VVD  ,_,  motley_NN  and_CC  all_DB  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  checkered_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  King's_NNSB2  Parade_NNL1  .  
  beyond_IO  the_AT1  slim_JJ  street_NN  lamps_NNS  the_AT1  great_JJ  crested_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  King's_NNSB2  chapel_NN  rose_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  moon_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  pinnacles_NNS  touched_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  pallid_JJ  blue_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  starry_JJ  distance_NN  beyond_II  .  
  the_AT1  moon-shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  House_NNL1  lay_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  thicker_JJ  obscurity_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  until_CS  dispelled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  lamplight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  majesty_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  familiarity_NN  ,_,  of_IO  these_DD2  buildings_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  add_VV0  solemnity_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  rite_NN  ,_,  as_CS  when_CS old_JJ  patriarchs_NNS  come_VV0  to_TO  grace_VV0  a_AT1  marriage_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  by_IO  now_RL  extremely_RR  sick_JJ  again_RR  and_CC  practically_RR  suffocated_VBN  with_IO  excitement_NN  and_CC  with_IO  something_PN1  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  supposed_VVD  must_VM  be_VB0  desire_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  where_CS Honor_NP  Klein_NP  lived_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  checked_VVD  the_AT1  numbers_NNS  and_CC  could_VM  see_VV0  ahead_RR  the_AT1  house_NN  which_DDQ  must_VM  be_VB0  hers_PP$  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  single_JJ  light_NN  on_RP  upstairs_RL  .  
  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  light_NN  made_VVD  my_APP$  heart_NN  increase_VV0  its_APP$  pace_NN  so_RG  hideously_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  slow_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  stop_VV0  and_CC  hold_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  lamp-post_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  breathe_VV0  evenly_RR  and_CC  quietly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  better_RRR  wait_VV0  a_AT1  while_NN  and_CC  attempt_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  calm_VV0  myself_PPX1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  simply_RR  to_TO  organize_VV0  my_APP$  breathing_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  be_VB0  sure_JJ  not_XX  to_TO  swoon_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  and_CC  breathed_VVD  steadily_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  wait_VV0  no_RR  longer_RRR  in_IO  case_NN  Honor_NP  should_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  bed_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  bed_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  hour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pictured_VVD  the_AT1  upstairs_JB  room_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  study_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  pictured_VVD  her_PPHO1  there_RL  sitting_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  desk_NN  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  books_NNS  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  pictured_VVD  myself_PPX1  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  advanced_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  leaned_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  single_JJ  bell_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  until_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  envisaged_VBN  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  lodgers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  bell_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  pressed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  no_AT1  sound_NN  within_II  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  bell_NN  again_RR  .  
  still_RR  no_AT1  sound_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stepped_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  lit_JJ  curtained_JJ  window_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  it_PPH1  gently_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  locked_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  peered_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  box_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  darkness_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  approaching_JJ  feet_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  held_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  box_NN  open_JJ  and_CC  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  bell_NN  again_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  bell_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  out_RP  of_IO  order_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  next_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  might_VM  either_LE  call_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  or_CC  bang_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  or_CC  throw_VV0  stones_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  meditating_VBG  on_IO  these_DD2  various_JJ  courses_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  all_DB  seemed_VVD  insuperably_RR  difficult_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  uncertain_JJ  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  control_VV0  my_APP$  voice_NN  sufficiently_RR  to_TO  produce_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  cry_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  methods_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  brusque_JJ  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  relish_VV0  a_AT1  head_NN  thrust_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  confused_JJ  encounter_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  street_NN  doorway_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  really_RR  wanted_VVD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  slink_VV0  quietly_RR  into_IO  some_DD  room_NN  and_CC  find_VV0  myself_PPX1  at_RR  once_RR  in_IO  Honor's_PPIO2  presence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  then_RL  occurred_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  just_RR  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  precisely_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  might_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  manage_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  gate_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  which_DDQ  doubtless_RR  led_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  passed_VVD  down_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  passageway_NN  of_IO  mossy_JJ  bricks_NNS  which_DDQ  divided_VVD  the_AT1  houses_NNS  and_CC  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  garden_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stepped_VVD  back_RP  a_RR  little_RR  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drooping_JJ  tree_NN  the_AT1  high_JJ  moon_NN  revealed_VVD  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  darkness_NN  .  
  french_JJ  windows_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  room_NN  gave_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  tiptoed_VVD  back_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  my_APP$  hand_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
  here_RL  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  pause_VV0  again_RR  to_TO  subdue_VV0  a_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  sheer_JB  panic_NN  .  
  my_APP$  breathing_NN  ,_,  even_RR  my_APP$  heart-beat_NN  ,_,  must_VM  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  already_RR  be_VB0  audible_JJ  through_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  panting_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  engine_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  the_AT1  doors_NNS  ,_,  got_VVD  my_APP$  finger_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  crack_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  them_PPHO1  sharply_RR  away_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  sure_JJ  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  unlatched_VBN  anyway_RR  or_CC  whether_CS  my_APP$  violent_JJ  push_NN  had_VHD  broken_VBN  some_DD  weak_JJ  fastening_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  them_PPHO1  wide_JJ  with_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  dark_JJ  room_NN  gaped_VVD  before_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  very_RG  faintly_RR  illuminated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  fire_NN  .  
  by_IO  now_RL  I_PPIS1  scarcely_RR  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  my_APP$  movements_NNS  took_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  .  
  things_NNS  melted_VVD  before_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  and_CC  opened_VVD  a_AT1  door_NN  whose_PNQV$  white_JJ  surface_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  glimmering_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  a_DA  little_DA  light_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  lamp_NN  in_IO  front_NN  ,_,  coming_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  door_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  rooms_NNS  ,_,  showed_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  mount_VV0  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  leaning_VBG  hard_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  banisters_NNS  and_CC  stepping_VBG  softly_RR  .  
  once_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  landing_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  light_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  Honor's_PPIO2  room_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hesitated_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  advanced_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  knocked_VVD  .  
  after_IO  so_RG  much_DA  breathless_JJ  silence_NN  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  knock_NN  seemed_VVD  thunderous_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  let_VVD  it_PPH1  die_VV0  away_RP  and_CC  then_RL  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reply_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  light_NN  dazzled_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  opposite_II  to_IO  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  large_JJ  double_JJ  divan_NN  bed_NN  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  brightly_RR  lit_VBN  .  
  sitting_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  bed_NN  and_CC  staring_VBG  straight_RR  at_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  Honor_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  sideways_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  sheet_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  upwards_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  tawny_JJ  and_CC  as_RG  naked_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  ship's_NN1$  figurehead_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  in_RP  her_APP$  pointed_JJ  breasts_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  black_JJ  shaggy_JJ  head_NN  of_IO  hair_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  face_NN  stiff_JJ  and_CC  expressionless_JJ  as_IO  carved_JJ  wood_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  alone_JJ  .  
  beside_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  a_AT1  naked_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  hastily_RR  engaged_VBN  in_IO  pulling_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  dressing-gown_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  immediately_RR  and_CC  indubitably_RR  apparent_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  interrupted_VBN  a_AT1  scene_NN  of_IO  lovers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  Palmer_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  closed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  walked_VVD  back_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  twenty_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  a_AT1  light_NN  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  finding_VBG  the_AT1  switch_NN  instinctively_RR  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  switch_NN  here_RL  and_CC  various_JJ  lamps_NNS  came_VVD  on_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  vaguely_RR  took_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  white_JJ  book-lined_JJ  room_NN  with_IO  chintz_NN  armchairs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  closed_VVD  the_AT1  french_JJ  windows_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  hanging_VBG  ajar_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  broken_VBN  the_AT1  fastening_NN  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  also_RR  chintz_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  back_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  table_NN  before_IO  it_PPH1  stood_VVD  a_AT1  tray_NN  with_IO  two_MC  glasses_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  decanter_NN  of_IO  whisky_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  jug_NN  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  poured_VVD  out_RP  some_DD  whisky_NN  ,_,  spilling_VBG  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  drank_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  poured_VVD  out_RP  some_DD  more_DA  ,_,  poked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  fire_NN  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  waited_VVD  .  
  ever_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  near_IO  Waterloo_NP  Bridge_NNL1  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  consciousness_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  condition_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  running_VBG  towards_IO  a_AT1  curtain_NN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  so_RG  suddenly_RR  and_CC  with_IO  such_DA  exceedingly_RR  unexpected_JJ  results_NNS  passed_VBN  through_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  dazed_VBN  and_CC  in_IO  great_JJ  pain_NN  but_CCB  also_RR  curiously_RR  steady_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  entered_VBN  the_AT1  house_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  thief_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  now_RL  like_IO  a_AT1  conquering_JJ  general_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  come_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  attend_VV0  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  this_DD1  steadiness_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  setting_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  of_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  sturdily_RR  apart_RP  ;_;  yet_RR  with_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  confusion_NN  amounting_VBG  to_IO  agony_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  so_RG  rapaciously_RR  desired_VBN  and_CC  so_RG  obtusely_RR  expected_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  Honor_NP  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  simple_JJ  fact_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  not_XX  being_VBG  alone_JJ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wrench_NN  almost_RR  separately_RR  felt_VBN  ,_,  even_RR  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  nightmarish_JJ  significance_NN  of_IO  who_PNQS  her_APP$  companion_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  shivered_VVD  through_IO  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  violence_NN  of_IO  amazement_NN  not_XX  distinguishable_JJ  from_IO  horror_NN  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  physical_JJ  pain_NN  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  done_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  how_CS nai"vely_RR  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  imagined_VBN  that_CS  Honor_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  ;_;  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  even_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  now_RL  occurred_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  imagined_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  virgin_NN  :_:  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  person_NN  to_TO  discover_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  her_APP$  conqueror_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  awakener_NN  .  
  caught_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  coils_NNS  of_IO  such_DA  stupidity_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  yet_RR  even_RR  begin_VV0  to_TO  touch_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  imagination_NN  the_AT1  notion_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  her_APP$  brother_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  lover_NN  .  there_EX  is_VBZ  not_XX  much_DA  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  a_AT1  mahogany_NN  wardrobe_NN  except_CS  put_VV0  your_APP$  clothes_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  save_CS  perhaps_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  simple-minded_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  dressing-table_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  gas-fire_NN  do_VD0  not_XX  open_VV0  up_RP  endless_JJ  vistas_NNS  of_IO  amusement_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  glance_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  possibility_NN  of_IO  diversion_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  which_DDQ  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  hostile_JJ  and_CC  unruffled_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  convinced_VBN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  courage_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  a_AT1  thought_NN  struck_VVD  me_PPIO1  :_:  the_AT1  very_DA  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  uncompromisingly_RR  adjusted_VBN  to_IO  lying_VBG  down_RP  might_VM  make_VV0  this_DD1  easier_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  when_CS the_AT1  right_JJ  moment_NN  came_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  coming_VBG  .  
  how_CS would_VM  one_MC1  recognise_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  by_IO  dismissing_VBG  the_AT1  porter_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  florin_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  brought_VVD  that_DD1  moment_NN  a_AT1  step_NN  nearer_RRR  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  essential_JJ  to_TO  distract_VV0  Priscilla's_PPIO2  attention_NN  from_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  why_CS .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  averse_JJ  in_IO  principle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  closely-guarded_JB  ladylike_JJ  secret_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  inspired_VBN  respect_NN  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  poets_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  type_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  speak_VV0  of_IO  her_APP$  virginity_NN  .  
  though_CS  not_XX  a_AT1  poet_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  respected_VBN  it_PPH1  myself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  both_DB2  quite_RR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  playing_VBG  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fifth_MD  parent_NN  for_IO  far_RR  too_RG  long_RR  ,_,  getting_VBG  between_IO  us_PPIO2   whenever_CS we_PPIS2  began_VVD  to_TO  slip_VV0  from_IO  sofa_NN  to_IO  hearthrug_NN  ,_,  raising_VBG  a_AT1  finger_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  feverish_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  asking_VBG  a_AT1  favour_NN  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  our_APP$  parents_NNS  had_VHD  faded_VBN  into_IO  slightly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  memories_NNS  gesturing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  ,_,  so_RR  too_RR  must_VM  virginity_NN  give_VV0  way_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  pressures_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  legal_JJ  marriage_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Priscilla_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS can_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  matter-of-fact_JJ  at_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  plainly_RR  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  propose_VV0  some_DD  suitable_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  spending_VBG  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  why_CS should_VM  an_AT1  item_NN  like_IO  marriage_NN  affect_VV0  one's_$  orderly_JJ  mode_NN  of_IO  existence_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  prompt_JJ  seduction_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  part_NN  would_VM  land_VV0  us_PPIO2   with_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  to_TO  rise_VV0  ,_,  bathe_VV0  and_CC  dress_VV0  ,_,  chat_VV0  falsely_RR  about_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  emerge_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  as_CS  though_CS  nothing_PN1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  ready-made_JJ  climax_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  shaping_VBG  the_AT1  hours_NNS  ahead_RR  with_IO  tact_NN  and_CC  artistry_NN  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  we_PPIS2  dine_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  Priscilla_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  hungry_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  eaten_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  smoked_JJ  salmon_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  reception_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  proposed_VVD  we_PPIS2  visit_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  places_NNS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  known_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  drinks_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  dance_VV0  .  
  dancing_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  exhaust_VV0  her_PPHO1  utterly_RR  .  
  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  and_CC  as_IO  for_II  the_AT1  drinks_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  wish_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  tossing_VBG  restlessly_RR  ,_,  while_CS  I_PPIS1  snored_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  hangover_NN  .  
  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  snore_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  my_APP$  invention_NN  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  slacken_VV0  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  tensions_NNS  of_IO  courtship_NN  were_VBDR  over_RP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Priscilla_NP  always_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  difficult_JJ  to_TO  entertain_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  next_RR  wondered_VVD  if_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  bear_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  Shaftesbury_NP  Avenue_NNL1  and_CC  see_VV0  a_AT1  play_NN  .  
  Priscilla_NP  fingered_VVD  the_AT1  knob_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  shocked_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  immoral_JJ  about_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  wedding_NN  night_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  likely_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  turn_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  shocked_JJ  .  
  when_CS ,_,  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  would_VM  the_AT1  subsequent_JJ  one_MC1  take_VV0  place_NN  .  
  if_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  wish_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  retire_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  and_CC  leave_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  clear_JJ  for_IO  my_APP$  successor_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  skulking_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  precincts_NNS  .  
  Priscilla_NP  laughed_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  I_PPIS1  must_VM  put_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  within_IO  inverted_JJ  commas_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  words_NNS  Priscilla_NP  next_RR  chose_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  .  
  luckily_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  introducing_VBG  her_PPHO1  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  more_RG  stupid_JJ  remarks_NNS  .  
    how_CS long_RR  will_VM  it_PPH1  take_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  realise_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  evening_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  keep_VV0  on_RP  trying_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  off_RP  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  nasty_JJ  way_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  meant_VVD  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  married_VBN  ,_,  this_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  qualified_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  indecent_JJ  proposal_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  experienced_VVD  a_AT1  pang_NN  of_IO  regret_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Priscilla_NP  and_CC  not_XX  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS had_VHD  given_VBN  voice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  regret_NN  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  overwhelmed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  stunning_JJ  knowledge_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  ,_,  suddenly_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  just_RR  the_AT1  right_JJ  hour_NN  ,_,  for_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  in_IO  mind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  shivered_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  slight_JJ  breeze_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evening_NN  sunlight_NN  glowed_VVD  like_IO  skin_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  stuccoed_JJ  houses_NNS  opposite_II  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  darkening_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  Priscilla_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  half_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  in_IO  shadow_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  gold_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  faint_JJ  reflection_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  a_AT1  gleam_NN  caught_VVD  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  lip_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  eye_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  married_VBN  this_DD1  quiet_JJ  breathing_JJ  creature_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,    all_RR  right_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  afterwards_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  inadequate_JJ  reply_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  time_NN  now_RL  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  nor_CC  ,_,  evidently_RR  ,_,  had_VHD  Priscilla_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  sigh_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  tear_NN  glimmering_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  eyelash_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mouth_NN  opened_VVD  slightly_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  kiss_NN  and_CC  moved_VBN  beneath_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  kiss_NN  grew_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  leap_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  mammoth_NN  sensation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  our_APP$  former_DA  love-making_NN  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  restrain_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  hand_NN  swam_VVD  through_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  kiss_NN  .  
  her_APP$  eyelids_NNS  dropped_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  her_APP$  arms_NNS  came_VVD  up_RP  under_IO  my_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  closed_VVD  over_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  low_JJ  aching_JJ  cry_NN  rose_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  heard_VBN  anything_PN1  like_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  kiss_NN  broke_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  kisses_NNS  do_VD0  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  ever_RR  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  an_AT1  end_NN  in_IO  itself_PPX1  .  
  we_PPIS2  no_RR  longer_RRR  had_VHD  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  embarrassed_JJ  reality_NN  ,_,  smooth_VV0  down_RP  our_APP$  clothes_NNS  ,_,  wipe_VV0  off_RP  smudged_JJ  lipstick_NN  and_CC  suggest_VV0  putting_VBG  on_RP  another_DD1  record_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  safe_JJ  to_TO  dance_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  precipice_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  licensed_VBN  to_TO  jump_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  forgotten_VBN  no_AT1  detail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  that_PNQS followed_VVD  :_:  Priscilla_NP  behaved_VVD  unforgettably_RR  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  assurance_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  kiss_NN  still_RR  between_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  fading_JJ  day_NN  was_VBDZ  narrowed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  slot_NN  of_IO  deep_RR  amber_JJ  light_NN  ,_,  then_RL  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  stark_JJ  and_CC  unpretending_JJ  and_CC  fixed_VBN  on_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  unbuttoning_VBG  her_APP$  blouse_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  beginning_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  off_RP  my_APP$  clothes_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  distinctly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  yet_RR  used_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  care_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  giving_VBG  a_AT1  cool_JJ  demonstration_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  class_NN  of_IO  novitiates_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  movements_NNS  were_VBDR  precise_JJ  ,_,  practised_JJ  and_CC  unemotional_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  fumbled_VVD  hopelessly_RR  with_IO  my_APP$  tie_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  blurred_JJ  imitation_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  neat_JJ  and_CC  methodical_JJ  unclothing_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  blouse_NN  ,_,  unzipped_VVD  and_CC  dropped_VVD  her_APP$  skirt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stepped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  though_CS  alighting_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  .  
  school_NN  had_VHD  taught_VBN  me_PPIO1  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  men_NNS  were_VBDR  normally_RR  privileged_JJ  to_TO  watch_VV0  only_RR  through_IO  keyholes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  here_RL  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  my_APP$  senses_NNS  involved_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  suffocation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rustling_JJ  magic_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  undressing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_PNQS impressed_VVD  me_PPIO1  most_RBT  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  purity_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  the_AT1  simplicity_NN  of_IO  soft_JJ  white_JJ  materials_NNS  ,_,  almost_RR  as_RG  insubstantial_JJ  as_IO  light_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  covered_VVD  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  body_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  shape_NN  and_CC  slipped_VBN  off_IO  it_PPH1  as_RG  quietly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  shadow_NN  covering_VBG  the_AT1  sun_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  dark_JJ  skin_NN  beneath_II  .  
  with_IO  hair_NN  flopping_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  Priscilla_NP  squatted_VVD  like_IO  an_AT1  animal_NN  and_CC  ,_,  thrusting_VBG  out_RP  first_RR  one_MC1  leg_NN  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  ran_VVD  her_APP$  stockings_NNS  smoothly_RR  down_RP  and_CC  pulled_VVD  them_PPHO1  over_IO  her_APP$  ankles_NNS  .  
  with_IO  every_AT1  garment_NN  she_PPHO1  removed_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  body_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  more_RG  duskily_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  until_CS  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  nude_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  negligent_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  attitude_NN  ,_,  not_XX  moving_VBG  any_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  as_RG  natural_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  shed_VBN  its_APP$  leaves_NNS  ,_,  as_RG  casual_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  secretary_NN  waiting_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  letter_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  like_IO  ,_,    said_VVD  Priscilla_NP  .  
    you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  ideas_NNS  you_PPY  might_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  .    
  then_RL  like_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  she_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  clumsily_RR  into_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  up_RP  shivering_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  blankets_NNS  round_IO  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  the_AT1  coins_NNS  from_IO  my_APP$  pocket_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  mantelshelf_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  always_RR  do_VD0  that_DD1  .    she_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    otherwise_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  pulls_VBZ  the_AT1  pockets_NNS  of_IO  one's_$  trousers_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  shape_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  see_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Priscilla_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  interested_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  more_RG  masculine_JJ  habits_NNS  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  encountered_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  informed_VVD  her_PPHO1  about_IO  braces_NNS  :_:  to_TO  save_VV0  trouble_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  should_VM  remove_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  one's_$  suit_NN  the_AT1  night_NN  before_II  and_CC  lay_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  ready_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  buttoned_VBN  to_IO  another_DD1  pair_NN  of_IO  trousers_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  day_NN  .  
  as_IO  my_APP$  reason_NN  for_IO  rejecting_VBG  suspenders_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  by_IO  doctors_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  apt_JJ  to_TO  bring_VV0  up_RP  varicose_JJ  veins_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  legs_NNS  .  
  Priscilla_NP  uttered_VVD  a_AT1  groan_NN  .  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  see_VV0  your_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  showed_VVD  her_PPHO1  one_MC1  .  
  she_PPHO1  pronounced_VVD  it_PPH1  satisfactory_JJ  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  my_APP$  leg_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  climbed_VVD  hastily_RR  into_IO  bed_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  5_MC  .  
  perhaps_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  read_VBN  too_RG  few_DA  books_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  once_RR  knew_VVD  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS took_VVD  a_AT1  pride_NN  in_IO  practising_VBG  on_IO  unsuspecting_JJ  ladies_NNS  the_AT1  advice_NN  put_VBN  forward_RR  by_IO  authors_NNS  of_IO  handbooks_NNS  in_IO  respect_NN  of_IO  trial_NN  blandishments_NNS  ,_,  eccentric_JJ  positions_NNS  and_RR  so_RR  forth_RR  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  care_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  result_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  addressed_VVD  witty_JJ  letters_NNS  of_IO  criticism_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  publishers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wise_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  to_TO  question_VV0  his_APP$  morals_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  expected_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  from_IO  an_AT1  activity_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  convenient_JJ  method_NN  devised_VBN  by_IO  nature_NN  for_IO  reproducing_VBG  the_AT1  species_NN  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  lay_VVD  behind_RP  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  a_AT1  ghastly_JJ  flop_NN  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  lay_VVD  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  like_IO  effigies_NNS  ,_,  Priscilla_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  put_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  bicycles_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  ridiculous_JJ  things_NNS  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  chattily_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  ride_VV0  a_AT1  bicycle_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  really_RR  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  horsewoman_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  way_NN  too_RR  .    
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  very_RG  much_RR  involved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  before_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  ,_,  so_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  suspected_VBN  about_IO  Priscilla_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  interesting_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  wished_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  suitable_JJ  moment_NN  to_TO  digest_VV0  such_DA  confidences_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  fitness_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  tussle_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  natural_JJ  inclination_NN  to_TO  listen_VV0  sympathetically_RR  to_IO  anything_PN1  Priscilla_NP  cared_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
    so_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  might_VM  think_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Priscilla_NP  .  
    life_NN  never_RR  is_VBZ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  philosophical_JJ  tone_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  just_RR  the_AT1  strain_NN  of_IO  gymkhana_NN  jumping_NN  and_CC  cycling_VBG  madly_RR  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  happen_VV0  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  thinking_VBG  of_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  riding_NN  again_RR  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Priscilla_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  reply_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  decent_JJ  interval_NN  of_IO  silence_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  rather_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  rush_NN  ,_,  activity_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hardly_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  describe_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  bed_NN  creaked_VVD  protestingly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  visions_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  of_IO  love_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  waiters_NNS  dashing_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  with_IO  scandalised_JJ  expressions_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  mind_NN  wandered_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  sweat_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  all_RR  over_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  trice_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  struggling_VBG  through_IO  sticky_JJ  intolerable_JJ  tropics_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  making_NN  .  
  my_APP$  hair_NN  itched_VVD  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  scratch_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  ricked_VVD  my_APP$  back_NN  .  
  our_APP$  bodies_NNS  jumped_VVD  nervously_RR  away_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  touch_NN  .  
  wriggling_VBG  like_IO  an_AT1  eel_NN  ,_,  Priscilla_NP  complained_VVD  of_IO  being_VBG  tickled_VBN  and_CC  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  raised_VBN  in_IO  hysterical_JJ  defence_NN  ,_,  caught_VVD  me_PPIO1  painfully_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  pictured_VVD  a_AT1  free_JJ  fight_NN  such_CS  as_CS  one_MC1  sees_VBZ  in_IO  films_NNS  and_CC  thought_VVD  how_CS much_RR  more_RG  manly_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  than_IO  this_DD1  display_NN  of_IO  total_JJ  incompetence_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  ,_,  when_CS for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  we_PPIS2  paused_VVD  and_CC  sank_VVD  back_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  damp_JJ  pillows_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  of_IO  debauchery_NN  could_VM  scarcely_RR  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  more_RRR  drained_VBN  and_CC  feeble_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  put_VBN  such_DA  agonising_JJ  effort_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  achievement_NN  of_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  veins_NNS  bulging_VBG  in_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  heart_NN  beating_VBG  in_IO  angry_JJ  frustration_NN  .  in_IO  the_AT1  bedrooms_NNS  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  preparing_VBG  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .  
  in_IO  turmoil_NN  and_CC  excitement_NN  probably_RR  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  strangeness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  being_VBG  packed_VBN  together_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  Thomas_NP  doing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  to_TO  watch_VV0  them_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  children_NNS  now_RL  ;_;  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  undressing_VBG  Bobbie_NP  .  
  and_CC  Aunt_NNSB1  Mary_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  alone_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  plaiting_VBG  the_AT1  iron_JJ  hair_NN  in_IO  two_MC  stiff_JJ  little_JJ  pigtails_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS that_DD1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  sit_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  ,_,  lonely_JJ  bed_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  claimed_VBN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  rub_VV0  her_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sigh_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  pull_VV0  over_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  the_AT1  voluminous_JJ  wincey_NN  nightgown_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  tucks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bodice_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  round_JJ  collar_NN  up_RP  under_IO  her_APP$  chin_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  down_RP  she_PPHO1  would_VM  rise_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  in_IO  rigid_JJ  humps_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  mountain_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  lie_NN  relaxed_JJ  and_CC  peaceful_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  resting_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  iron_NN  hard_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  still_RR  fighting_VBG  .  
  Kate_NP  and_CC  Thomas_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  at_IO  ease_NN  and_CC  smiling_VBG  .  
  children_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  freshly_RR  washed_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  at_IO  their_APP$  most_RG  lovable_JJ  .  
    hullo_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Thomas_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quiet_JJ  .  
  where_CS are_VBR  the_AT1  others_DA2  .    
    Sheila_NP  and_CC  Hugh_NP  are_VBR  fixing_VBG  the_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Esther_NP  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  they_PPHS2  can_VM  manage_VV0  .    
    what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .    said_VVD  Henry_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  bash_NN  ,_,  bash_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  weatherboards_NNS  all_DB  day_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  tired_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  fix_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  take_VV0  it_PPH1  away_RP  !_!    
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  stay_VV0  there_RL  !_!  
  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  bang_VV0  !_!  
  what_DDQ  can_VM  the_AT1  boy_NN  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Thomas_NP  slammed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  verandah_NN  roof_NN  ,_,  calling_VBG  
    Hugh_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  wind_NN  washed_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  great_JJ  gob_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  sending_VBG  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  ceiling_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  Thomas_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  grasped_VVD  the_AT1  sill_NN  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  in_RP  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .  
  goddammit_UH  ,_,  where_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .    
  nobody_PN1  answered_VVD  .  
  then_RL  ,_,      what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    said_VVD  Kate_NP  .  
  Thomas_NP  climbed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  catching_VBG  his_APP$  foot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sill_NN  and_CC  tumbling_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  himself_PPX1  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  frenzy_NN  ,_,  ran_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  bedroom_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  knocking_VBG  Teresa_NP  down_RP  ,_,  hurled_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  window_NN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  stern_NN  mooring_NN  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  boat_NN  hung_VVD  straight_RR  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  .  
  Thomas_NP  rapidly_RR  hauled_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  cast_VBN  off_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  Thomas_NP  ran_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  ,_,  hung_VVD  out_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  mast_NN  and_CC  sail_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  laid_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  guttering_NN  were_VBDR  gone_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  closed_VVD  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  choked_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  kill_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    
  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Teresa_NP  they_PPHS2  must_VM  cope_VV0  with_IO  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  frantic_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  attacked_VBN  her_APP$  father_NN  but_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  pulled_VVD  her_PPHO1  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Kate_NP  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  free_JJ  bedroom_NN  ,_,  where_CS for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  calm_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  Julie_NP  dragged_VVD  off_RP  shoes_NNS  and_CC  stockings_NNS  and_CC  searched_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  for_IO  aspirin_NN  ,_,  because_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  none_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  water_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  waded_VVD  was_VBDZ  cold_JJ  ,_,  thick_JJ  and_CC  repulsive_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  shuddered_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  with_IO  distaste_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  now_RL  permeating_VBG  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clammy_JJ  flood_NN  reached_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  thighs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  keep_VV0  her_APP$  clothes_NNS  dry_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  tucked_VBN  her_APP$  skirt_NN  up_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  trailed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  dusk_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  thickening_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  corners_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  outside_RP  the_AT1  water_NN  slapped_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  below_II  ,_,  as_CS  when_CS one_MC1  was_VBDZ  upstairs_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  round_RP  about_RP  ,_,  butting_VBG  about_IO  one's_$  ears_NNS  ,_,  pummelling_VBG  ,_,  menacing_VBG  ,_,  with_IO  all_RR  too_RG  little_DA  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  ,_,  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  engulfing_VBG  one_MC1  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  the_AT1  aspirin_NN  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  and_CC  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  where_CS Thomas_NP  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  sight_NN  again_RR  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  safe_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  wanted_VBN  to_TO  rush_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  to_TO  swim_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  boundary_NN  fence_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sense_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  downstream_RR  ,_,  to_IO  Sheila's_PPIO2  home_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  ,_,  as_CS  Henry_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  aggrieved_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  far_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  why_CS they_PPHS2  should_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  all_RR  right_RR  .  
    but_CCB  not_XX  sailing_VBG  ,_,    Thomas_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  .  
    they_PPHS2  would_VM  n't_XX  need_VV0  to_TO  sail_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Henry_NP  .  
    just_RR  drift_VV0  there_RL  .    
    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  only_RR  one_MC1  oar_NN  !_!    
    they_PPHS2  can_VM  use_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  steer_VV0  with_IO  .    
  all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  Sheila_NP  and_CC  Hugh_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  safe_JJ  .  
  unless_CS  they_PPHS2  tried_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  .  
  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  anxious_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  knowing_VBG  their_APP$  absence_NN  would_VM  cause_VV0  alarm_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  Thomas_NP  grew_VVD  cold_JJ  .  
  Sheila_NP  probably_RR  knew_VVD  nothing_PN1  of_IO  sailing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Hugh_NP  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  comfort_NN  ,_,  if_CS  Bob_NP  Higgins_NP  were_VBDR  at_IO  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  stop_VV0  any_DD  such_DA  foolhardiness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  Sheila_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  .  
  Thomas_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  aspirin_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Esther_NP  .  
    Julie_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  wet_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  change_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  something_PN1  .  
  Thomas_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  growing_JJ  dark_JJ  .  
  had_VHD  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  better_RRR  bring_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  primus_NN  and_CC  some_DD  tea_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  fetch_VV0  them_PPHO1  myself_PPX1  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  manage_VV0  .    
    bring_VV0  some_DD  things_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  tray_NN  .  
  then_RL  you_PPY  must_VM  change_VV0  .    
  Julie_NP  went_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  were_VBDR  growing_VBG  deeper_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  water_NN  sounded_VVD  louder_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  outside_RP  and_CC  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pushing_VBG  through_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  made_VVD  such_DA  a_AT1  weight_NN  against_IO  her_APP$  thighs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  cold_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  knife_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  body_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  as_RG  high_JJ  before_II  ,_,  or_CC  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  shudder_VV0  again_RR  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  silly_JJ  .  
  think_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  need_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  big_JJ  tray_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  table_NN  .  
  the_AT1  primus_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_PNQS Aunt_NNSB1  Mary_NP  had_VHD  used_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  full_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  the_AT1  methylated_JJ  spirit_NN  .  
  cups_NNS  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  will_VM  do_VD0  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  wash_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tea_NN  caddy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  biscuit_NN  barrel_NN  .  
  both_DB2  of_IO  willow_NN  pattern_NN  and_CC  as_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  familiar_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  milk_NN  jug_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  refrigerator_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  open_VV0  the_AT1  refrigerator_NN  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  water_NN  against_IO  its_APP$  lower_JJ  part_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  bother_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  tea_NN  without_IO  milk_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  would_VM  spoil_VV0  some_DD  food_NN  anyway_RR  .  
  Thomas_NP  has_VHZ  matches_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lamps_NNS  are_VBR  upstairs_RL  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  candles_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  else_RR  .  
  sugar_NN  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  bread_NN  .  
  and_CC  butter_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  knives_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  n't_XX  starve_VV0  overnight_RR  anyway_RR  .  
  but_CCB  can_VM  I_PPIS1  carry_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  rainwater_NN  tanks_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  drink_VV0  .  
  oh_UH  !_!  
  kettle_NN  and_CC  teapot_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  awfully_RG  hard_JJ  to_TO  walk_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  tired_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  so_RG  hard_JJ  before_II  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lifting_VBG  the_AT1  tray_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  water_NN  washing_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  now_RL  fear_NN  caught_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  flood_NN  was_VBDZ  reaching_VBG  towards_IO  her_APP$  waist_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  covering_VBG  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  table_NN  .  
  water_NN  dripped_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  tray_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  it_PPH1  high_RR  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  hammering_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  wade_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
    Thomas_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  tray_NN  ,_,  
    Thomas_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  water_NN  is_VBZ  deeper_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  nearly_RR  up_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  waist_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  nodded_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  go_VV0  down_RP  again_RR  ,_,  Julie_NP  .  
  for_IO  anything_PN1  .    
    Thomas_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  feel_VV0  another_DD1  wave_NN  .    
    no_UH  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  risen_VBN  quickly_RR  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  now_RL  go_VV0  and_CC  change_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  watch_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  .    
  Julie_NP  padded_VVD  off_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  some_DD  clothes_NNS  ,_,  wondering_VBG  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  all_DB  the_AT1  worry_NN  and_CC  fear_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  tiredness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  clog_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  resembled_VVD  Aunt_NNSB1  Mary_NP  doing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  .  
  Esther_NP  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  frock_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  warm_JJ  dressing_NN  gown_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  changed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  Sophie_NP  and_CC  Esther_NP  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  dejectedly_RR  ,_,  Henry_NP  was_VBDZ  dozing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  Thomas_NP  peering_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  dusk_NN  .  
  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  nothing_PN1  .  
    are_VBR  the_AT1  children_NNS  asleep_JJ  ,_,  Sophie_NP  .    
    more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  threatened_VBN  them_PPHO1  with_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  settling_VBG  down_RP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  cry_VV0  .    
  for_CS  Esther_NP  had_VHD  pulled_VBN  out_RP  her_APP$  handkerchief_NN  .  
    cheer_VV0  up_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Sophie_NP  .  
    but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  husband_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  Wellington_NP  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  use_VV0  your_APP$  handkerchief_NN  .    
  Julie_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  joke_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  Kate_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  looking_VBG  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  too_RR  were_VBDR  ready_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  way_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  here_RL  ,_,  thought_VVD  Thomas_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  pull_VV0  themselves_PPX2  together_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  lit_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  lamps_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  soft_JJ  yellow_JJ  light_NN  flickered_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  settled_VVD  ,_,  pooling_VBG  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  corners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  were_VBDR  still_RR  shadowed_VBN  and_CC  remote_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  peopled_VBN  ,_,  suddenly_RR  ,_,  to_IO  Julie_NP  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  ghosts_NNS  now_RL  awakened_VBN  .  
  first_RR  Grandmother_NNSB1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  erect_JJ  and_CC  certain_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  fighting_VBG  like_IO  Aunt_NNSB1  Mary_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  just_RR    completely_RR  sure_JJ  of_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  feathered_JJ  toque_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  heels_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  speckless_JJ  shoes_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  groomed_VBN  ,_,  polished_VBN  ,_,  perfect_JJ  and_CC  unapproachable_JJ  .  
  and_CC  Uncle_NNSB1  John_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  in_IO  Flanders_NP  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  legend_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  symbol_NN  ,_,  someone_PN1  for_IO  Grandmother_NNSB1  to_TO  pin_VV0  her_APP$  prayers_NNS  on_IO  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  one_MC1  never_RR  knew_VVD  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  person_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  never_RR  would_VM  .  
  his_APP$  two_MC  brothers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  disappointment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  were_VBDR  never_RR  mentioned_VBN  ,_,  skeletons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  cupboard_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  there_RL  now_RL  ,_,  inhabiting_VBG  the_AT1  shadowy_JJ  ,_,  shifting_JJ  corners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  .  
  did_VDD  Esther_NP  notice_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
    how_CS is_VBZ  Teresa_NP  .    asked_VVD  Thomas_NP  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  lying_VBG  quietly_RR  now_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  Kate_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  .    
    poor_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Esther_NP  .  
    Hugh_NP  and_CC  Sheila_NP  are_VBR  quite_RR  safe_JJ  .    
  Thomas_NP  spoke_VVD  angrily_RR  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  trying_VBG  to_TO  convince_VV0  himself_PPX1  .  
  Esther_NP  wept_VVD  again_RR  .  
  Kate_NP  bent_VVD  over_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  said_VVD  
    weep_VV0  now_RL  if_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  ,_,  Mother_NNSB1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  weep_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  dead_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  gestured_VVD  towards_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  remind_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  Sophie_NP  looked_VVD  uneasy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Esther_NP  startled_JJ  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  calmly_RR  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  probably_RR  die_VV0  first_RR  .    
    no_UH  !_!    said_VVD  Kate_NP  .  
  quite_RR  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  crumpled_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  heap_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  laid_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  against_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  knee_NN  and_CC  cried_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  stop_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  utterly_RR  confounded_JJ  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  embarrassed_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  this_DD1  were_VBDR  something_PN1  not_XX  meant_VBN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  only_RR  Esther_NP  ,_,  after_IO  hesitating_VBG  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  as_CS  though_CS  indeed_RR  Kate_NP  were_VBDR  a_AT1  child_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  knee_NN  ,_,  Rose_NP  or_CC  Jane_NP  or_CC  Sally_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  placed_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  Kate's_PPIO2  hair_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  gesture_NN  was_VBDZ  all_DB  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  needed_VBN  ,_,  both_DB2  to_TO  reassure_VV0  Kate_NP  and_CC  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  feeling_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Julie_NP  and_CC  Sophie_NP  and_CC  Thomas_NP  ,_,  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  intruding_VBG  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  quite_RR  quiet_JJ  and_CC  still_JJ  .  
  only_RR  Henry's_PPIO2  head_NN  nodded_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  closed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  breathing_NN  loud_JJ  and_CC  heavy_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  loud_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  dark_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  night_NN  hours_NNS  would_VM  bring_VV0  .  
  in_IO  Julie_NP  the_AT1  peaks_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  could_VM  rouse_VV0  no_AT1  more_DA  emotion_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ,_,  wrung_VBN  dry_JJ  and_CC  flaccid_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  cleaning_NN  cloth_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  Kate_NP  at_IO  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  knee_NN  ,_,  where_CS not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  she_PPHO1  herself_PPX1  had_VHD  ached_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  should_VM  have_VH0  pierced_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  quick_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  truth_NN  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  tears_NNS  wetting_VBG  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  now_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  exhausted_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  no_AT1  jealousy_NN  and_CC  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  hate_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  resolved_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  for_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
  nor_CC  pity_NN  either_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  worn_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  felt_VVD  quite_RR  detached_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  wished_VVD  Kate_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  broken_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  front_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  .  
  should_VM  I_PPIS1  not_XX  feel_VV0  for_IO  anyone_PN1  .  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  .  
  is_VBZ  that_DD1  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  hurt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  make_VV0  life_NN  bearable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  perhaps_RR  Mother_NNSB1  is_VBZ  stronger_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  needed_VBN  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  there_RL  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  fault_NN  I_PPIS1  never_RR  sat_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  knee_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  lick_VV0  the_AT1  tears_NNS  away_RP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  too_RG  many_DA  .  
  yet_RR  if_CS  I_PPIS1  bring_VV0  out_RP  my_APP$  handkerchief_NN  Thomas_NP  will_VM  notice_VV0  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  crying_VBG  ,_,  really_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  quite_RR  calm_JJ  and_CC  cold_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  so_RG  tired_JJ  .  
  so_PN1  deadly_RR  tired_JJ  .  
  Sophie_NP  rose_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  ineffectually_RR  to_TO  light_VV0  the_AT1  primus_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Thomas_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    no_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  humanist_NN    so_PN1  am_VBM  I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
  words_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  count_VV0  where_CS real_JJ  feeling_NN  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  judge_VV0  of_IO  what_DDQ  's_VHZ  happened_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  turns_VBZ  out_RP  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  must_VM  wait_VV0  for_IO  that_DD1  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  so_RG  miserable_JJ    waiting_VBG  .    she_PPHO1  confessed_VVD  with_IO  trembling_JJ  lips_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  roundly_RR  into_IO  his_APP$  beard_NN  .  
    listen_VV0  Nan_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  personal_JJ  desires_NNS  can_VM  go_VV0  haywire_JJ  at_IO  times_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  followed_VVD  our_APP$  desire_NN  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  would_VM  we_PPIS2  live_VV0  in_IO  .  
  crime_NN  ,_,  disease_NN  ,_,  misery_NN    no_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  law_NN  and_CC  order_NN    and_CC  basically_RR  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  .  
  try_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  worry_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  .  
  would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  Stuart_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  up_RP  wildly_RR  .  
    no_UH  .  
  no_UH  .  
  no_UH  .  
  keep_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Doc_NP  .  
  you_PPY  promised_VVD  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  never_RR  forgive_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  speak_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  anyone_PN1  .  .    
    you_PPY  can_VM  trust_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  care_VV0  to_TO  tackle_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  issue_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  thinking_VBG  right_RR  now_RL  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  congratulating_VBG  himself_PPX1  on_IO  a_AT1  lucky_JJ  escape_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  bitterly_RR  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  or_CC  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  confession_NN  Nan_NP  was_VBDZ  feeling_VBG  better_JJ  .  
  Doctor_NNSB1  Benson_NP  had_VHD  almost_RR  forced_VBN  it_PPH1  from_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  wilful_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  hug_VV0  her_APP$  unhappiness_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  bosom_NN  .  
  his_APP$  reasoning_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  another_DD1  train_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  mixed_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
    drink_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  Nan_NP    and_CC  chin_NN  up_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  cured_VBN  must_VM  be_VB0  endured_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  survive_VV0  .    
    a_AT1  more_RG  unfeeling_JJ  remark_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  hard_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  .  
  ugh_UH  !_!  
  whisky_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  the_AT1  stuff_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  how_CS you_PPY  can_VM  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Doc_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  drained_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  however_RR  ,_,  and_CC  handed_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  before_IO  uncrossing_VBG  her_APP$  legs_NNS  and_CC  going_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  still_RR  miserable_JJ  though_RR  .    
  they_PPHS2  exchanged_VVD  smiles_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  'll_VM  stop_VV0    in_IO  time_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  you_PPY  'll_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  ,_,  while_CS  Nan_NP  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  his_APP$  words_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  their_APP$  truth_NN  as_CS  few_DA  could_VM  do_VD0  .  
  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  when_CS the_AT1  bomb_NN  fell_VVD  ,_,  taking_VBG  with_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  dear_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  child_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  sought_VBN  solace_NN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  pain_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  happy_JJ    most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  mused_VVD  .  
  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  because_CS  ,_,  having_VHG  made_VBN  his_APP$  choice_NN    he_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  advised_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  chapter_NN  nine_MC  .  
  Nan_NP  woke_VVD  at_IO  dawn_NN  prompted_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  memory_NN  that_PNQS eluded_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_RR  first_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  dressed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  stood_VVD  by_IO  her_APP$  window_NN  ,_,  gazing_VBG  out_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  and_CC  beyond_IO  that_DD1  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  light_NN  the_AT1  sands_NNS  appeared_VVD  lifeless_JJ  ,_,  ugly_JJ  ,_,  dark_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  birds_NNS  had_VHD  started_VBN  their_APP$  dawn_NN  chorus_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  this_DD1  that_PNQS had_VHD  wakened_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  gaze_NN  swivelled_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  yacht_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  far_RR  out_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  graceful_JJ  gull_NN  riding_VBG  the_AT1  waves_NNS  .  
  near_II  at_IO  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  Jimmy's_PPIO2  small_JJ  rowing_NN  boat_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  recently_RR  attached_VBN  an_AT1  outboard_JJ  motor_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  chugging_NN  distinctly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  quietness_NN  .  
  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  aboard_RP  .  Stuart_NP  and_CC  Jimmy_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  them_PPHO1  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  seeing_VBG  their_APP$  absorbing_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  .  
  lobster_NN  would_VM  figure_VV0  prominently_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  menu_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  yacht_NN  today_NN1  .  
  yet_RR  Stuart_NP  was_VBDZ  after_IO  more_DA  than_IO  lobster_NN  fishing_NN  ,_,  Nan_NP  knew_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  big_JJ  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  waste_VV0  time_NN  on_IO  anyone_PN1  without_IO  sufficient_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  Doc_NP  had_VHD  only_RR  judged_VBN  from_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  yet_CF  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  the_AT1  story_NN  went_VVD  so_RG  much_RR  deeper_RRR  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  sharp_JJ  division_NN  as_CS  one_MC1  believed_VVD  when_CS one_MC1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  .  
  Nan_NP  saw_VVD  that_DD1  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  judging_NN  must_VM  come_VV0  from_IO  one's_$  own_DA  experience_NN  ,_,  one's_$  own_DA  conscience_NN  ,_,  and_CC  understanding_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  the_AT1  world_NN  thought_VVD  did_VDD  n't_XX  matter_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  clumsy-looking_JJ  lobster_NN  pots_NNS  being_VBG  hauled_VBN  on_IO  board_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  contents_NNS  taken_VBN  out_RP  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  repeated_VBN  several_DA  times_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  tired_VVD  of_IO  watching_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  much_DA  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  conversation_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  worked_VVD  .  
  all_DB  day_NN  she_PPHO1  worked_VVD  ,_,  keeping_VBG  thought_NN  at_IO  bay_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  win_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  tranquility_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  house_NN  shone_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  extra_JJ  polishing_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  time_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  \0B_NP  was_VBDZ  washing_VBG  ,_,  hanging_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  garden_NN  ,_,  revelling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  soft_JJ  breeze_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  sprung_VBN  up_RP  .  
  Nan_NP  worked_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
  when_CS night_NN  came_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thankful_JJ  to_TO  relax_VV0  .  
  Charles_NP  and_CC  Doctor_NNSB1  Benson_NP  were_VBDR  both_DB2  absent_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  a_AT1  busy_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS so_RG  many_DA  visitors_NNS  flocked_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  their_APP$  surgeries_NNS  were_VBDR  packed_JJ  ,_,  making_VBG  their_APP$  calls_NNS  later_JJ  and_CC  later_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  Jimmy_NP  brought_VVD  two_MC  lobsters_NNS  ,_,  dressed_VBN  ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  Nan_NP  laughed_VVD  when_CS she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  you_PPY  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  at_IO  dawn_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Maxwell_NP  was_VBDZ  keen_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  done_VBN  deep_JJ  sea_NN  fishing_NN  in_IO  Bermuda_NP  ,_,  Alaska_NP  ,_,  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  so_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  that_DD1  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  .  
  Nan_NP  waited_VVD  ,_,  putting_VBG  the_AT1  lobster_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  dish_NN  .  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fine_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  taking_VBG  on_RP  that_DD1  job_NN  ,_,  Nan_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  expectantly_RR  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  .    she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  glad_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  step_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  direction_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  Maxwell_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  chap_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lot_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  stick_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  permanent_JJ  too_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  me_PPIO1  right_RR  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  boarding_VBG  the_AT1  yacht_NN  tonight_NN1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH  Jimmy_NP  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aghast_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  .  
    sorry_JJ  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  teasingly_RR  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  miss_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  his_APP$  face_NN  changed_VVD  its_APP$  expression_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  miss_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Nan_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  for_IO  long_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  home_NN1  every_AT1  chance_NN  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   have_VH0  a_AT1  walk_NN  ,_,  Nan_NP  .  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  our_APP$  last_DA  chance_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  spent_VVD  an_AT1  hour_NN  together_RR  ,_,  talking_VBG  nostalgically_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  wandered_VVD  slowly_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  Nan_NP  felt_VVD  hedged_VBN  in_RP  by_IO  sadness_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  dispel_VV0  for_IO  Jimmy's_PPIO2  sake_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  later_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  misunderstood_VBN  her_APP$  sad_JJ  mood_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sad_JJ  at_IO  his_APP$  going_VBG  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  force_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  withstand_VV0  .  
    Nan_NP    you_PPY  'll_VM  wait_VV0  .  
  promise_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  wait_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  otherwise_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  real_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  promise_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  .    
  she_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    try_VV0  to_TO  forget_VV0  about_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  meet_VV0  lots_NNS  of_IO  other_DA  girls_NNS  .  
  why_CS has_VHZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_PN1  one_PN  to_TO  hold_VV0  a_AT1  candle_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Nan_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  the_AT1  words_NNS  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  shy_JJ  of_IO  expressing_VBG  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  beautiful_JJ  and_CC  strong_JJ  and_CC  .  the_AT1  girl_NN  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  hurt_VBN  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  ;_;  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  tied_VBN  down_RP  yet_RR  .    
    will_VM  you_PPY  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  definite_JJ  answer_NN  at_IO  Christmas_NP  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  Charles_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN    that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  yes_UH  or_CC  no_UH  with_IO  Jimmy_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  her_APP$  hesitation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  his_APP$  eagerness_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  sorry_JJ  because_CS  the_AT1  failure_NN  was_VBDZ  within_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  his_APP$  kiss_NN  because_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  give_VV0  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  an_AT1  answer_NN  then_RL  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  one_MC1  to_TO  feel_VV0  glad_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  promise_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  meet_VV0  someone_PN1  else_RR  .    
    no_UH  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  known_VBN  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  too_RG  long_RR  for_IO  that_DD1  .    
    perhaps_RR  too_RG  long_RR  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  .    
    think_VV0  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  .  
  good_JJ  night_NN    and_CC  good-bye_UH  .  Jimmy_NP  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  abruptly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  footsteps_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  brisk_JJ  ,_,  sure_JJ  of_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  where_CS only_RR  the_AT1  light_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  surgery_NN  door_NN  showed_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  pool_NN  .  
  Stuart_NP  stepped_VVD  into_IO  that_DD1  light_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  her_APP$  start_VV0  for_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  known_VBN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  anyone_PN1  near_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  until_CS  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  Jimmy_NP  leaving_VBG  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  hard_JJ  to_TO  break_VV0  .  
  Nan_NP  felt_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  her_APP$  breath_NN  had_VHD  run_VBN  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  her_APP$  suspended_VBN  ,_,  her_APP$  lungs_NNS  helpless_JJ  .  
    saying_VBG  good-bye_NN  to_IO  Jimmy_NP  .    Stuart_NP  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  saw_VVD  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thankful_JJ  when_CS her_APP$  voice_NN  followed_VVD  her_APP$  will_NN  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  speak_VV0  sooner_RRR  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  spoil_VV0  your_APP$  last_DA  tender_JJ  moments_NNS  together_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  let_VVD  this_DD1  pass_VV0  because_CS  she_PPHO1  hated_VVD  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  sneered_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  over_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  cruising_VBG  around_RP  on_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  you_PPY  must_VM  return_VV0  sometime_RR  .  
  where_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  .    
    surely_RR  that_DD1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  affair_NN  .    
    answer_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    we_PPIS2  went_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  last_DA  walk_NN  together_RR    just_RR  talking_VBG  .  
  any_DD  reason_NN  why_CS we_PPIS2  should_VM  n't_XX  .    
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  ahead_RR  of_IO  him_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  switching_VBG  on_RP  all_DB  the_AT1  lights_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  too_RG  much_DA  light_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  that_CS  either_LE  Doc_NP  or_CC  Charles_NP  would_VM  come_VV0  soon_RR  .  
  Stuart_NP  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    not_XX  any_DD  reason_NN  .  
  Charles_NP  is_VBZ  with_IO  Hilary_NP    bidding_VBG  her_PPHO1  good-bye_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  .  
  this_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  is_VBZ  contagious_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  it_PPH1  when_CS you_PPY  sneer_VV0  about_IO  Charles_NP  and_CC  Hilary_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  sneering_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  just_RR  jealous_JJ  as_IO  hell_NN  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  disbelieving_JJ  look_NN  .  
    please_UH    do_VD0  you_PPY  mind_VV0  .  
  and_CC  while_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  alone_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  real_JJ  reason_NN  why_CS you_PPY  gave_VVD  Jimmy_NP  that_DD1  job_NN  .    
    to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  here_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  so_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  any_DD  difference_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  making_VBG  him_PPHO1  wait_VV0    too_RR  .  .    
  the_AT1  inference_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  lost_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  flushed_VVD  hotly_RR  .  
    who_PNQS  told_VVD  you_PPY  so_PN1  .    
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  or_CC  words_NNS  to_IO  that_DD1  effect_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  offended_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  explain_VV0  even_RR  to_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
    had_VHD  n't_XX  you_PPY  better_RRR  go_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  too_RR  ,_,  came_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  good-bye_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  catching_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  rather_RR  missed_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  that_DD1  yesterday_NN1  .    
    your_APP$  fault_NN  .  
  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  very_RG  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  need_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  gone_VBN  to_IO  so_RG  much_DA  trouble_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  pleased_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  Brownie_NP  the_AT1  goldfish_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  account_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  send_VV0  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  .    
    no_UH  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .    
    in_IO  robust_JJ  health_NN  as_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Tyler_NP  is_VBZ  finding_VBG  it_PPH1  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  strain_NN  looking_VBG  after_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  deck_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  such_DA  an_AT1  active_JJ  child_NN  .    
    so_RR    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  good-bye_NN  ,_,  Nan_NP  .  
  you_PPY  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  angry_JJ  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  over_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  forgiven_VBN  me_PPIO1  .    
    quite_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  quickly_RR  .  
    then_RL  we_PPIS2  could_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  properly_RR  perhaps_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
    no_UH  .    
    scared_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  jibe_NN  came_VVD  softly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
  her_APP$  compliance_NN  closed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  completely_RR  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  trust_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    good-bye_UH  Stuart_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  remainder_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  trip_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  thrust_VVD  both_DB2  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  and_CC  lounged_VVD  closer_RRR  ,_,  a_AT1  pulse_NN  beating_VBG  intermittently_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  temple_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  taking_VBG  Brownie_NP  back_RP  home_NN1  ,_,  then_RL  going_VBG  to_IO  America_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  away_RP  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  Nan_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  must_VM  do_VD0  .    
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  why_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  such_DA  pains_NNS  to_TO  explain_VV0  his_APP$  movements_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  go_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  care_VV0    much_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  secretly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  ,_,  wondering_VBG  how_CS to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  uncomfortable_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  with_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  chair_NN  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  some_DD  coffee_NN  .    she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  ,_,  hoping_VBG  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  accept_VV0  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  nice_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  long_RR  .    
  when_CS she_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  close_RR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  measured_VVD  the_AT1  coffee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  fund_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  talk_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  entertained_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  good-bye_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  left_VVD  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  back_JB  way_NN  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  absent_JJ  she_PPHO1  prepared_VVD  the_AT1  tray_NN  with_IO  cups_NNS  and_CC  saucers_NNS  and_CC  sugar_NN  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  go_VV0  .  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  desperately_RR  .  
  the_AT1  ordeal_NN  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  bear_VV0  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  peace_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  gained_VBN  in_IO  Jimmy's_PPIO2  company_NN  was_VBDZ  fast_RR  being_VBG  dispelled_VBN  .  here_RL  he_PPHO1  checked_VVD  the_AT1  mare's_NN1$  pace_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  amble_NN  ,_,  and_CC  round_IO  a_AT1  bend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  upon_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  and_CC  elegant_JJ  little_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  back_RP  behind_IO  a_AT1  red_JJ  brick_NN  wall_NN  with_IO  creepers_NNS  that_PNQS scrambled_VVD  over_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  green-painted_JJ  gate_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  a_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  pretty_JJ  governess_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  setting_VBG  out_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  morning_NN  walk_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  charges_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  little_JJ  boy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  the_AT1  children_NNS  had_VHD  hoops_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  difficulty_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  restrained_VBN  from_IO  bowling_VBG  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  mare's_NN1$  legs_NNS  .  
  Hudson_NP  brought_VVD  the_AT1  gig_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  and_CC  raised_VVD  his_APP$  hat_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  lady_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  tossing_VBG  the_AT1  reins_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  groom_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  swung_VVD  himself_PPX1  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Greenwood_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Horatia_NP  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  heard_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  feeling_NN  put_VBN  into_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  prosaic_JJ  greeting_NN  before_II  .  
    oh_UH  !_!    said_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  governess_NN  ,_,  blushing_VBG  deeply_RR  .  
    good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crankcroft_NP  .    
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  may_VM  bowl_VV0  your_APP$  hoops_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  back_RP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  brightly_RR  .  
    and_CC  see_VV0  which_WDTI  can_VM  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  first_RR  .  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  cheating_NN  ,_,  mind_VV0  !_!  
  Sam_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  trip_VV0  Sukey_NP  as_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  last_DA  time_NN  .  .  
  and_CC  Sukey_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  bowl_VV0  your_APP$  hoop_NN  into_IO  Sam's_PPIO2  deliberately_RR  .  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Greenwood_NP  ,_,    they_PPHS2  cried_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  off_RP  ,_,  their_APP$  small_JJ  legs_NNS  flashing_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  boy's_NN1$  long_JJ  white_JJ  trousers_NNS  not_XX  quite_RR  as_RG  quick_JJ  as_IO  his_APP$  sister's_NN1$  frilled_JJ  pantaloons_NNS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  her_APP$  long_JJ  skirts_NNS  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  absence_NN  the_AT1  little_JJ  governess_NN  turned_VVD  breathlessly_RR  to_IO  Hudson_NP  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Crankcroft_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  urgently_RR  .  
    Hudson_NP  .  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  we_PPIS2  agreed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  Hudson_NP  ,_,  Sophy_NP  !_!    
  his_APP$  teasing_JJ  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  tender_JJ  as_RR  well_RR  .  
    Hudson_NP  then_RL  !_!  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  madness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  come_VV0  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  children_NNS  will_VM  talk_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  lose_VV0  my_APP$  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  your_APP$  father_NN  will_VM  find_VV0  out_RP  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  meeting_VBG  me_PPIO1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  furious_JJ  with_IO  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  quarrel_NN  between_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  dismissal_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  meet_VV0  any_RR  more_RRR  .    
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  meet_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  .    
  Hudson's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  firm_JJ  .  
    Sophy_NP  .  darling_NN  ,_,  dearest_JJT  Sophy_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  seeing_VBG  you_PPY  because_CS  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  die_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  would_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,  would_VM  you_PPY  ,_,  from_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  cause_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  teasing_VBG  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  serious_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  children_NNS  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  arguing_VBG  hotly_RR  before_IO  starting_VBG  back_RP  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  little_JJ  governess_NN  caught_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  arm_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,    a_AT1  governess_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  kindly_JJ  household_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  in_IO  ,_,  has_VHZ  no_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  not_XX  .  
  her_APP$  only_DA  reason_NN  for_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  teach_VV0  them_PPHO1  their_APP$  lessons_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  Horatia_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  gig_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  funereal_JJ  garments_NNS  .  
    better_JJ  you_PPY  should_VM  forget_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  gently_RR  ,_,    while_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  time_NN  .    
    but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  time_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    because_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  fallen_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Sophy_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  introduced_VVD  Horatia_NP  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  stressing_VBG  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Wade_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  catspaw_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  need_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  kindly_JJ  catspaw_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  she_PPHO1  will_VM  fish_VV0  our_APP$  chestnuts_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  Horatia_NP  beamed_VVD  her_APP$  approval_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  depths_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  bonnet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sophy_NP  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  timid_JJ  little_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  children_NNS  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  back_RP  ,_,  their_APP$  hoops_NNS  racing_VBG  ahead_RR  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  implore_VV0  Hudson_NP  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  before_CS  she_PPHO1  met_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  flung_VVD  themselves_PPX2  upon_IO  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  both_DB2  won_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  neither_LE  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  inch_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  away_RP  for_IO  their_APP$  walk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  ,_,  without_IO  another_DD1  glance_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  lover_NN  .  
  Hudson_NP  drove_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Regent's_NNSB2  park_NN  in_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Horatia_NP  felt_VVD  sorry_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  hopeless_JJ  love_NN  affair_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  having_VHG  coping_NN  stones_NNS  on_IO  your_APP$  head_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  March_NN1  morning_NN  was_VBDZ  sunny_JJ  and_CC  blustery_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  buds_NNS  were_VBDR  thickening_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  freshness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  promising_VBG  that_CS  April_NN1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  signal_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  they_PPHS2  entered_VVD  the_AT1  park_NN  Hudson_NP  asked_VVD  his_APP$  companion_NN  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  his_APP$  charmer_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  not_XX  the_AT1  loveliest_JJT  creature_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  ever_RR  seen_VBN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  head_NN  over_IO  heels_NNS  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  Sophy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Horatia_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  oblige_VV0  him_PPHO1  by_IO  agreeing_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  very_RG  pretty_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    and_CC  she_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  sweet-tempered_JJ  and_CC  gentle_JJ  and_CC  kind_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  congratulate_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  indeed_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  met_VBN  another_DD1  girl_NN  like_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  ever_RR  meet_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  one_MC1  again_RR  .  
  therefore_RR  I_PPIS1  dare_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  go_VV0  the_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  directly_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  prevail_VV0  upon_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  offer_VV0  her_PPHO1  except_IO  debts_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  live_VV0  on_IO  bread_NN  and_CC  cheese_NN  and_CC  kisses_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  satisfying_JJ  diet_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Horatia_NP  demurely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  shot_VVD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  grinned_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  in_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  Lady_NNSB1  Wade_NP  and_CC  my_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .    
    no_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  blank_JJ  .  
    how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  .    
    why_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  go_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  had_VHD  n't_XX  you_PPY  twigged_VVD  it_PPH1  .    
    but_CCB  .  .    
  Horatia_NP  coloured_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  absurd_JJ  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  your_APP$  father_NN  has_VHZ  met_VBN  me_PPIO1  but_II  once_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  !_!    
    that_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  care_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  met_VBN  you_PPY  at_IO  all_DB  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  now_RL  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mortified_VBN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  that_DD1  wretched_JJ  money_NN  again_RR  !_!    
    quite_RR  so_PN1  .  
  that_DD1  wretched_JJ  money_NN  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  .  
  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  thing_NN  that_CS  half_DB  the_AT1  world_NN  suffers_VBZ  from_IO  having_VHG  no_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  from_IO  having_VHG  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  and_CC  of_IO  the_AT1  half_NN  that_PNQS has_VHZ  too_RG  much_DA  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  half_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  again_RR  love_VV0  money_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  hate_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Horatia_NP  agreed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  extremely_RR  unfair_JJ  .  
  here_RL  was_VBDZ  Hudson_NP  ,_,  only_RR  wanting_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  his_APP$  pretty_JJ  Sophy_NP  and_CC  having_VHG  no_AT1  money_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  and_CC  there_RL  was_VBDZ  herself_PPX1  ,_,  only_RR  wishing_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  quietly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  among_IO  horses_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  coping_NN  stones_NNS  falling_VBG  on_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  being_VBG  heiress_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  fortune_NN  that_PNQS everybody_PN1  appeared_VVD  to_TO  want_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  without_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  suffered_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  neither_LE  a_AT1  flattering_JJ  nor_CC  a_AT1  gratifying_JJ  prospect_NN  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Hudson_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  earnestly_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  apologize_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  taken_VBN  me_PPIO1  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  say_VV0  that_DD1  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  apologized_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  turn_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  clumsy_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  frank_JJ  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Horatia_NP  ,_,  because_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  such_DA  an_AT1  honest_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  person_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  my_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  accompany_VV0  me_PPIO1  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  .    
  her_APP$  mortification_NN  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    and_CC  all_DB  so_CS  that_CS  you_PPY  shall_VM  meet_VV0  your_APP$  Sophy_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  country_NN  lane_NN  !_!    
    you_PPY  've_VH0  hit_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  ma'am_NN  .    
    but_CCB  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  raising_VBG  your_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  hopes_NNS  and_CC  your_APP$  father's_NN1$  anticipations_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  cruel_JJ  degree_NN  .    
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  foolish_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  have_VH0  such_DA  hopes_NNS  and_CC  anticipations_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  scarcely_RR  my_APP$  affair_NN  .    
  Horatia_NP  laughed_VVD  again_RR  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  approve_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  remember_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  taking_VBG  your_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  hospitality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  your_APP$  plans_NNS  go_VV0  right_RR  ,_,  on_IO  entirely_RR  false_JJ  pretences_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  come_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  promise_VV0  .    
  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  Oxford_NP  Street_NNL1  towards_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  presently_RR  clattered_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  cobbles_NNS  into_IO  Bounty_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  front_II  of_II  number_NN  eleven_MC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  surprised_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  phaeton_NN  drawn_VBN  up_RP    a_AT1  very_RG  new_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  phaeton_NN    with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  horses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  shafts_NNS  that_PNQS Horatia_NP  recognised_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  .  
    why_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  gladly_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Latimer_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  know_VV0  that_DD1  cattle_NNS  anywhere_RR  !_!    
  Hudson_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  oddly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  mild_JJ  ,_,      a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  yours_PP$  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Pendleton_NP  .    as_CS  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  in_RP  his_APP$  little_JJ  mare_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  vastly_RR  superior_JJ  equipage_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  his_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  door_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  ride_NN  into_IO  Brighton_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  carriage_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  stage_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  us_PPIO2   stranded_VBN  in_IO  Lewes_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  hastily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  groom_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  down_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  her_APP$  foot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  and_CC  dropped_VVD  easily_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  and_CC  came_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  to_IO  number_NN  eleven_MC  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  opened_VVD  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Latimer_NP  himself_PPX1  came_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  deep_JJ  displeasure_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  handsome_JJ  face_NN  .  
  Horatia_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  escort_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  gone_VBN  about_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  when_CS old_JJ  Lady_NNSB1  Wade_NP  ,_,  indulging_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  occupation_NN  of_IO  watching_VBG  her_APP$  neighbours_NNS  from_IO  behind_IO  her_APP$  parlour_NN  curtains_NNS  ,_,  observed_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  phaeton_NN  turn_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  and_CC  stop_VV0  outside_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  front_JB  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  recognize_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  the_AT1  horses_NNS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  driver_NN  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sharp_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  morning_NN  visit_NN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  brand_NN  new_JJ  carriage_NN    evidently_RR  brought_VBN  there_RL  to_TO  impress_VV0  the_AT1  sadly_RR  inexperienced_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Pendleton_NP    would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  paid_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  herself_PPX1  :_:  an_AT1  enquiry_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  formal_JJ  leaving_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  card_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  sufficient_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Latimer_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  the_AT1  reins_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  man_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  mounting_VBG  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  number_NN  eleven_MC  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  news_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning's_NN1$  paper_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  sent_VBN  him_PPHO1  after_IO  Horatia_NP  .  
    once_CS  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  where_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  fortune-hunters_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  after_IO  her_PPHO1  like_IO  flies_NNS  after_IO  bad_JJ  meat_NN  ,_,    muttered_VVD  her_APP$  ladyship_NN  ,_,  scowling_VBG  darkly_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  at_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Latimer's_PPIO2  broad_JJ  back_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  two_MC  minds_NNS  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  receive_VV0  him_PPHO1  before_IO  telling_VBG  Josiah_NP  to_TO  show_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_RP  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  visitor_NN  was_VBDZ  disappointed_JJ  that_CS  Horatia_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  with_IO  her_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  show_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  assure_VV0  myself_PPX1  that_CS  neither_LE  your_APP$  ladyship_NN  nor_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Pendleton_NP  were_VBDR  any_RR  the_AT1  worse_JJ  for_IO  your_APP$  journey_NN  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  took_VVD  no_AT1  harm_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  disagreeably_RR  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  answer_VV0  for_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Pendleton_NP  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  here_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  flushed_VVD  and_CC  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  glinted_VVD  with_IO  temper_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  controlled_VBN  and_CC  courteous_JJ  enough_RGA  as_CS  he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  :_:  
    come_VV0  now_RL  ,_,  madam_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  an_AT1  emissary_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  lady's_NN1$  uncle_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  fire-eating_JJ  Sussex_NP  squire_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  young_JJ  and_CC  inexperienced_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  ways_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  certain_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  safe_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  good_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  left_VBN  your_APP$  house_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  kind_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  .    
  and_CC  without_IO  being_VBG  asked_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  himself_PPX1  down_RP  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  day_NN  was_VBDZ  before_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  ladyship_NN  was_VBDZ  alarmed_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  when_CS Horatia_NP  returned_VVD  ;_;  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  quickly_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  hard_RR  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  sharply_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  relieve_VV0  your_APP$  mind_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  score_NN  then_RL  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Latimer_NP  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Pendleton_NP  is_VBZ  still_RR  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  here_RL  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  :_:  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  drive_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  nephew_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  gig_NN  .    
  and_CC  here_RL  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  phaeton_NN  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  man_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  new_JJ  carriage_NN  that_DD1  morning_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  a_AT1  thought_NN  pale_NN    the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  air_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  daresay_VV0  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  shrill_JJ  cackle_NN  of_IO  laughter_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  parrot_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  echoed_VVD  with_IO  great_JJ  veracity_NN  .    what_DDQ  !_!    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  astonished_VBN  ,_,    have_VH0  you_PPY  loved_VBN  me_PPIO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  been_VBN  so_RG  inconsiderate_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  make_VV0  myself_PPX1  unworthy_JJ  of_IO  your_APP$  love_NN  .    
    did_VDD  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  never_RR  tell_VV0  you_PPY  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  for_IO  in_IO  yours_PP$  .    
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  boldness_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  ,_,    to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  such_DA  construction_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  looks_NNS  .    
    your_APP$  fear_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  indifference_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    still_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  of_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  past_RP  .  
  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  now_RL  ;_;  can_VM  you_PPY  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    rather_RR  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Ma'm_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  confessed_VVD  ,_,    if_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  affection_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  soul_NN  can_VM  merit_VV0  your_APP$  love_NN  .  
  and_CC  whether_CS  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  you_PPY  design_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  happiest_JJT  man_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  shall_VM  not_XX  carry_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Leicester_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  explained_VVD  hastily_RR  ,_,    was_VBDZ  but_II  a_AT1  pretence_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  speak_VV0  ;_;  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  then_RL  the_AT1  thoughts_NNS  I_PPIS1  truly_RR  had_VHD  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  my_APP$  trouble_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  small_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  your_APP$  absence_NN  and_CC  since_IO  your_APP$  return_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  all_DB  is_VBZ  now_RL  forgotten_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  some_DD  disorder_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  imagined_VVD  the_AT1  effect_NN  of_IO  sudden_JJ  joy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  time_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  no_RR  longer_RRR  scrupulous_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_RR  vain_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  any_DD  reserve_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  said_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  you_PPY  go_VV0  under_IO  any_DD  uncertainty_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  proceeded_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  to_TO  convince_VV0  you_PPY  clearly_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  said_VBN  take_VV0  this_DD1  ring_NN  ,_,  as_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  mark_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  favour_NN  .  
  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  pledge_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  love_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  charge_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  preserve_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  that_DD1  condition_NN  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  never_RR  to_TO  deny_VV0  you_PPY  anything_PN1  you_PPY  shall_VM  desire_VV0  when_CS you_PPY  shew_VV0  it_PPH1  ;_;  though_CS  it_PPH1  cost_VV0  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  life_NN  !_!    
  his_APP$  joy_NN  at_IO  receiving_VBG  the_AT1  ring_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  appearance_NN  extraordinary_JJ  and_CC  unparalleled_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  attended_VBN  with_IO  promises_NNS  of_IO  as_RG  high_JJ  a_AT1  nature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  for_IO  Ireland_NP  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  leaving_VBG  me_PPIO1  fully_RR  persuaded_VBN  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  wholly_RR  taken_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  scarce_RR  advanced_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  rebels_NNS  than_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  charged_VBN  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  crimes_NNS  that_PNQS brought_VVD  about_RP  his_APP$  imprisonment_NN  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Southampton_NP  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  repent_VV0  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  given_VBN  ear_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  wholesome_JJ  advice_NN  Cecil_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  concerning_IO  the_AT1  secret_JJ  conduct_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  while_CS  my_APP$  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  wholly_RR  employed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  fortune_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  plotting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Tyrone_NP  to_TO  surprise_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  prisoner_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  :_:  his_APP$  obstinate_JJ  resistance_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  want_NN  of_IO  respect_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  orders_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  imprisoning_VBG  my_APP$  ministers_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  murdering_VBG  my_APP$  soldiers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  intolerable_JJ  pride_NN  in_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  misfortune_NN  .  
  so_RR  ended_VVD  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  confession_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  having_VHG  called_VBN  fresh_JJ  to_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  all_DB  that_PNQS had_VHD  passed_VBN  between_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  Essex_NP  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  more_RRR  troubled_VBN  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  had_VHD  listened_VBN  with_IO  keen_JJ  interest_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  !_!  
  but_CCB  newly_RR  understanding_VBG  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  coldness_NN  it_PPH1  added_VVD  infinitely_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  former_DA  resentment_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  mind_NN  to_TO  condemn_VV0  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  weakness_NN  knowing_VBG  herself_PPX1  guilty_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  like_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  inclined_VBN  to_TO  speak_VV0  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  grown_VBN  so_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  odious_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  formerly_RR  loved_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  comfort_VV0  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  with_IO  words_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  proceed_VV0  only_RR  from_IO  loyalty_NN  ,_,  when_CS in_IO  truth_NN  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  wholly_RR  bent_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  ruin_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  ungrateful_JJ  lover_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  deserved_VVD  nothing_PN1  but_IO  hatred_NN  .  
  though_CS  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  fall_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  ,_,  yet_RR  another_DD1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  admirer_NN  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  character_NN  did_VDD  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  amends_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Secretary_NNSB1  Cecil_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  amidst_IO  his_APP$  great_JJ  offices_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  gravity_NN  that_PNQS became_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  discovered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  beauty_NN  ,_,  ingenuity_NN  ,_,  and_CC  personal_JJ  charm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  an_AT1  attraction_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  him_PPHO1  capable_JJ  of_IO  strong_JJ  feelings_NNS  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  heightened_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  mutual_JJ  hatred_NN  of_IO  Essex_NP  ,_,  Cecil_NP  having_VHG  always_RR  looked_VBN  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  an_AT1  invincible_JJ  obstacle_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  ambitious_JJ  pretentions_NNS  ,_,  whilst_CS  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  had_VHD  against_IO  him_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  rage_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  aversion_NN  that_PNQS usually_RR  succeeds_VBZ  rejected_JJ  love_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  glad_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  imprisonment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  favourable_JJ  inclinations_NNS  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  expressed_VVD  alarmed_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  had_VHD  no_RR  sooner_RRR  taken_VBN  leave_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  than_CS  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  Cecil_NP  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  all_DB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  .  
  having_VHG  considered_VBN  the_AT1  consequences_NNS  they_PPHS2  concluded_VVD  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  their_APP$  sovereign_NN  pined_VVD  secretly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  prisoner_NN  ,_,  that_CS  ways_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  found_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  their_APP$  appearing_VBG  conspicuous_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  mercy_NN  which_DDQ  love_NN  might_VM  well_RR  inspire_VV0  her_PPHO1  with_IO  .  
  Cecil_NP  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  step_NN  ,_,  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  to_TO  bring_VV0  Essex_NP  to_IO  trial_NN  ,_,  and_CC  caused_VVD  certain_JJ  news_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  spread_VBN  throughout_IO  England_NP  .  
  Essex_NP  ,_,  meantime_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  busied_VBN  with_IO  thoughts_NNS  of_IO  more_DA  weight_NN  than_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  well_RR  enough_RGA  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  loved_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  also_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  deceived_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  with_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  justice_NN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  reproach_VV0  but_CCB  condemn_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  since_IO  his_APP$  departure_NN  for_IO  Ireland_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  having_VHG  the_AT1  power_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  ill-fortune_NN  she_PPHO1  resolved_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  house_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prisoner_NN  ,_,  to_TO  reproach_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  deserved_VVD  and_CC  endeavour_VV0  if_CS  possible_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  innocent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  far_RR  from_IO  Whitehall_NP  to_IO  Essex_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  so_RR  arranged_VVD  the_AT1  matter_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  notice_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  visit_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  been_VBN  introduced_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  confidants_NNS  .  
  Essex_NP  was_VBDZ  very_RG  surprised_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  languishing_JJ  condition_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  weak_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  all_DB  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  favour_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  victory_NN  seemed_VVD  easy_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  addressed_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  utmost_JB  respect_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  upon_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  crying_VBG  bitterly_RR  for_IO  some_DD  minutes_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Robert_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  began_VVD  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  pause_NN  ,_,    you_PPY  see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  notwithstanding_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  crimes_NNS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  reproach_VV0  you_PPY  with_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  come_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  design_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  anything_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  to_TO  justify_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  loved_VBN  you_PPY  too_RG  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  wish_VV0  it_PPH1  above_IO  all_DB  things_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  that_CS  heaven_NN  were_VBDR  pleased_JJ  your_APP$  justification_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  realised_VBN  even_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  precious_JJ  thing_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  power_NN  !_!    
    my_APP$  greatest_JJT  crime_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  myself_PPX1  too_RG  secure_JJ  ,_,  Ma'm_NNSB1  ,_,    replied_VVD  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  ,_,  desperately_RR  .  
    had_VHD  you_PPY  rested_VBN  there_RL  !_!    said_VVD  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  too_RG  well_RR  satisfied_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  believe_VV0  yourself_PPX1  secure_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  you_PPY  should_VM  betray_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  did_VDD  you_PPY  have_VH0  need_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  violence_NN  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  yourself_PPX1  master_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fortune_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  share_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  reason_NN  had_VHD  you_PPY  to_TO  seek_VV0  protection_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Kings_NNSB2  of_IO  Scotland_NP  and_CC  Spain_NP  .  
  did_VDD  any_DD  interest_NN  force_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  correspond_VV0  with_IO  Tyrone_NP  .  
  and_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  safety_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  person_NN  you_PPY  designed_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  your_APP$  prisoner_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_PP$  .  
  all_DB  you_PPY  have_VH0  done_VBN  since_II  to_IO  my_APP$  subjects_NNS  ,_,  against_IO  my_APP$  orders_NNS  ;_;  are_VBR  these_DD2  the_AT1  expressions_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  respect_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  by_IO  this_DD1  murder_NN  and_CC  treason_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  shew_VV0  your_APP$  devotion_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  the_AT1  public_NN  .  
  or_CC  is_VBZ  all_DB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  seen_VBN  and_CC  heard_VBN  of_IO  you_PPY  but_II  an_AT1  illusion_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  Ma'm_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    those_DD2  accusations_NNS  of_IO  treason_NN  and_CC  evil_JJ  design_NN  have_VH0  run_VBN  me_PPIO1  upon_IO  the_AT1  desperate_JJ  resistance_NN  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  been_VBN  pleased_JJ  to_TO  heap_VV0  favours_NNS  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  too_RG  proud_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  so_RG  little_RR  deserved_VVD  flattered_VVD  myself_PPX1  with_IO  the_AT1  expectation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  pleasures_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  you_PPY  had_VHD  not_XX  forbid_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_TO  hope_VV0  for_IO  .  
  this_DD1  let_VVD  loose_JJ  the_AT1  envy_NN  and_CC  jealousy_NN  of_IO  others_DA2  against_IO  my_APP$  good_JJ  fortune_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  abused_VVD  your_APP$  majesty_NN  with_IO  misinformation_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  misfortune_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  assured_VBN  you_PPY  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  my_APP$  arrest_NN  ,_,  although_CS  my_APP$  innocence_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  persuaded_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  confess_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  enraged_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  my_APP$  enemies_NNS  gloat_VV0  over_IO  my_APP$  downfall_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  abandoned_VBN  by_IO  your_APP$  majesty_NN  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  suffering_VBG  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  shameful_JJ  death_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  neither_LE  good_JJ  for_IO  my_APP$  reputation_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  your_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  honour_NN  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  die_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  criminal_NN  .  
  this_DD1  forced_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  those_DD2  ends_NNS  they_PPHS2  reproach_VV0  me_PPIO1  with_IO  and_CC  the_AT1  resolution_NN  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  England_NP  in_IO  hopes_NNS  to_TO  confound_VV0  my_APP$  accusers_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  all_DB  ways_NNS  of_IO  escape_NN  closed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  must_VM  acknowledge_VV0  that_CS  in_IO  so_RG  desperate_JJ  a_AT1  condition_NN  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  revenge_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  ministers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  ,_,  Ma'm_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  they_PPHS2  ,_,  were_VBDR  the_AT1  object_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rebellion_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  charged_VBN  with_IO  .  
  my_APP$  design_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  so_RG  industriously_RR  laboured_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  appear_VV0  guilty_JJ  should_VM  do_VD0  me_PPIO1  right_RR  in_IO  declaring_VBG  my_APP$  innocence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  permit_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  lay_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  at_IO  your_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  feet_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  doubted_VVD  that_CS  your_APP$  majesty_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  fair_JJ  hearing_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_CS  by_IO  a_AT1  clear_JJ  discovery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  certainly_RR  frustrated_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  their_APP$  malice_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  success_NN  :_:  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  ,_,  hated_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  sovereign_NN  ,_,  despised_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  made_VBN  a_AT1  sacrifice_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  rage_NN  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  what_DDQ  remains_VBZ  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  receive_VV0  the_AT1  sentence_NN  of_IO  death_NN  pronounced_VBN  by_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  see_VV0  Cobham_NP  ,_,  Cecil_NP  ,_,  Raleigh_NP  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  fellows_NNS  ,_,  share_VV0  the_AT1  favours_NNS  you_PPY  honoured_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  .    
    be_VB0  assured_VBN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  hate_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  interrupting_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,    but_CCB  shall_VM  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  yet_RR  should_VM  I_PPIS1  not_XX  believe_VV0  .  
  can_VM  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  ill_JJ  fate_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  murmur_VV0  against_IO  your_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  orders_NNS  ,_,    replied_VVD  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  ,_,    but_CCB  submit_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  readily_RR  whatever_DDQ  they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  .    
  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  knew_VVD  the_AT1  weak_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  easily_RR  revived_VVD  in_IO  her_PPHO1  that_DD1  love_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  formerly_RR  inspired_VBN  her_PPHO1  with_IO  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  having_VHG  paused_VBN  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,    you_PPY  shall_VM  not_XX  die_VV0  .  
  make_VV0  use_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  advantage_NN  ,_,  triumph_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  heart_NN  whose_PNQV$  inclinations_NNS  you_PPY  very_RG  well_RR  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  believe_VV0  your_APP$  intentions_NNS  less_RG  criminal_JJ  than_CS  they_PPHS2  appear_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  Robert_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  warn_VV0  you_PPY  by_IO  that_DD1  love_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  particular_JJ  experience_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  no_AT1  cause_NN  to_TO  repent_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  trouble_VV0  not_XX  yourself_PPX1  for_IO  your_APP$  reputation_NN  and_CC  honour_NN  I_PPIS1  will_VM  take_VV0  care_NN  to_TO  repair_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  two_MC  days_NNS  be_VB0  over_RP  I_PPIS1  will_VM  restore_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  place_NN  you_PPY  ever_RR  held_VVD  .    
  Essex_NP  ,_,  overcome_VBN  with_IO  joy_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  success_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  meeting_NN  ,_,  affected_VVD  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  restored_VVD  her_APP$  spirits_NNS  to_IO  perfect_JJ  tranquility_NN  .  
  at_IO  parting_VBG  she_PPHO1  promised_VVD  to_TO  call_VV0  the_AT1  council_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  ostentatious_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  declare_VV0  him_PPHO1  innocent_JJ  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  daylight_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  sent_VVD  for_IO  Cecil_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  attended_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  having_VHG  told_VBN  them_PPHO1  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  conflict_NN  between_IO  her_APP$  justice_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  mercy_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  ,_,  and_CC  ordered_VVD  Cecil_NP  to_TO  summon_VV0  the_AT1  council_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  declare_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  design_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  set_VV0  Essex_NP  at_IO  liberty_NN  ,_,  assuring_VBG  him_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  invincible_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mortal_JJ  blow_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ambitious_JJ  Cecil_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Nottingham_NP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  at_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  perplexed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  asked_VBN  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  advice_NN  on_IO  what_DDQ  course_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  .  
  afterwards_RR  they_PPHS2  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  in_IO  hopes_NNS  to_TO  divert_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  inflexible_JJ  ;_;  Cecil_NP  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  order_VV0  an_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  .  
  but_CCB  while_CS  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex's_PPIO2  enemies_NNS  thought_VVD  his_APP$  good_JJ  fortune_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  reconciled_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  chance_NN  laboured_VVD  for_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  unexpected_JJ  success_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  council_NN  word_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Rutland_NP  desired_VVD  an_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Queen_NNSB1  blushed_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  past_RP  ,_,  and_CC  looking_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  request_NN  as_CS  unreasonable_JJ  and_CC  unlucky_JJ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  minded_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  to_IO  another_DD1  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  considering_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  never_RR  denied_VVD  any_DD  person_NN  access_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  of_IO  Rutland_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Lady_NNSB1  of_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  repute_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  commanded_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  .  
  though_CS  her_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  sad_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  dress_NN  and_CC  gait_NN  very_RG  careless_JJ  ,_,  yet_RR  her_APP$  beauty_NN  was_VBDZ  outstanding_JJ  .  
  moving_VBG  forward_RR  she_PPHO1  threw_VVD  herself_PPX1  at_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  feet_NNS  .  
    Madam_NNSB1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  come_VV0  to_TO  implore_VV0  your_APP$  majesty's_NN1$  goodness_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  unfortunate_JJ  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  !_!    
    for_IO  the_AT1  Earl_NNSB1  of_IO  Essex_NP  .    
  Joe_NP  Joe's_PPIO2  notice-board_NN  .  
  by_IO  \0B_NP  \0A_NP  McPhee_NP  .  
    un_&FW  paquete_&FW  de_&FW  cigarillos_&FW  ,_,  seno*?2r_&FW  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  cloth_NN  cap_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  arms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  cheery_JJ  tourist_NN  smile_NN  .  
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  a_AT1  packet_NN  of_IO  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,    Joe_NP  Joe_NP  replied_VVD  in_IO  English_NN1  ,_,  first_RR  regretting_VBG  his_APP$  abruptness_NN  ,_,  then_RL  on_IO  instant_JJ  reflection_NN  not_XX  regretting_VBG  it_PPH1  but_CCB  thinking_VBG  that_CS  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  even_RR  more_RG  curt_JJ  .  
  these_DD2  tourists_NNS  were_VBDR  trying_JJ  on_IO  one's_$  patience_NN  at_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  vague_JJ  ill-pronounced_JJ  Spanish_NN1  and_CC  their_APP$  standard_JJ  benign_JJ  smiles_NNS  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  had_VHD  once_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  putting_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  notice_NN  reading_VBG      a_DA  little_DA  English_NN1  spoken_VBN  here_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  actually_RR  obtained_VBN  the_AT1  board_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  friend_NN  Jose*?2_NP  Puerette*?2_NP  had_VHD  gallantly_RR  volunteered_VBN  to_TO  paint_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  him_PPHO1  free_RR  of_IO  cost_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  set_VBN  to_IO  work_NN  early_RR  one_MC1  evening_NN  ,_,  Jose*?2_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  tin_NN  of_IO  purple_JJ  paint_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  found_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  wharf_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  strong_JJ  brush_NN  borrowed_VBN  from_IO  Carlo_NP  Berrano_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  hardware_NN  shop_NN  in_IO  Pasto_NP  Del_NP  Sol_NP  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  word_NN    spoken_NC2    had_VHD  presented_VBN  an_AT1  unsurmountable_JJ  problem_NN  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  spelling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  no_PN1  one_PN  that_DD1  night_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  work_NN  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  there_RL  ;_;  for_CS  Jose*?2_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  paint_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  wharf_NN  before_IO  morning_NN  ,_,  in_IO  case_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS owns_VBZ  it_PPH1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  in_IO  point_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  notice-board_NN  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  completed_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  instead_RR  cast_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  shop_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  empty_JJ  wine-bottles_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  vegetable-bags_NNS    dust-covered_JJ  and_CC  useless_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  discussed_VBN  the_AT1  matter_NN  at_RR  length_RR  with_IO  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  and_CC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  able_JJ  (_(  so_PN1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  )_)  to_TO  combine_VV0  aesthetic_JJ  appreciation_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  business_NN  brain_NN    a_AT1  rare_JJ  quality_NN  in_IO  any_DD  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  widely_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  had_VHD  composed_VBN  a_AT1  poem_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  close_JJ  friends_NNS  of_IO  his_PP$  had_VHD  heard_VBN  this_DD1  poem_NN  recited_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  persuasion_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  part_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  vinos_&FW  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  .  
  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  had_VHD  advised_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unsound_JJ  practice_NN  to_TO  deprive_VV0  a_AT1  tourist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  speak_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  Spanish_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  once_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  some_DD  English_JJ  tourists_NNS  took_VVD  courses_NNS  in_IO  Spanish_NN1  especially_RR  for_IO  their_APP$  annual_JJ  holidays_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  people_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  humoured_VBN  and_CC  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  this_DD1  knowledge_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  secretly_RR  very_RG  proud_JJ  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  pampered_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  could_VM  find_VV0  no_AT1  justification_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  fortnight's_NN1$  idleness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  their_APP$  main_JB  sense_NN  of_IO  purpose_NN  was_VBDZ  destroyed_VBN    they_PPHS2  thereby_RR  suffered_VVD  a_AT1  slump_NN  in_IO  morale_NN  and_CC  concluded_VVD  that_CS  Pasto_NP  Del_NP  Sol_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  ungrateful_JJ  place_NN  and_CC  would_VM  determine_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  Italy_NP  for_IO  their_APP$  holidays_NNS  next_DA  year_NN  .  
  although_CS  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  all_DB  of_IO  what_DDQ  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  should_VM  accept_VV0  the_AT1  advice_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  and_CC  educated_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  especially_RR  one_MC1  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  council_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  written_VBN  a_AT1  poem_NN  .  
  life_NN  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  ,_,  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  reflected_VVD  .  
  Seno*?2r_NNSB1  Juarez_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  afflicted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  temper_NN  such_IO  as_II  his_PP$  ,_,  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  run_VV0  a_AT1  little_JJ  shop_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  often_RR  filled_VBN  with_IO  tourist_NN  people_NNS  who_PNQS all_DB  smiled_VVD  at_IO  you_PPY  widely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  tourist_NN  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  expected_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  smile_VV0  widely_RR  back_RP  at_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  manner_NN  as_CS  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  pleased_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  smiled_VBN  at_IO  you_PPY  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  made_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  mind_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Father_NNSB1  Brenes_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  church_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  about_IO  his_APP$  problem_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_CS  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  burdening_VBG  Father_NNSB1  Brenes_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  minor_JJ  worries_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  good_JJ  and_CC  kind_JJ  Father_NNSB1  had_VHD  assisted_VBN  him_PPHO1  once_RR  before_II  about_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  said_VBN  ,_,  
    if_CS  this_DD1  occurs_VBZ  again_RR  ,_,  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,  then_RL  please_UH  come_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  :_:  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  always_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  little_JJ  flock_NN  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  his_APP$  wife_NN  Maria_NP  had_VHD  called_VBN  him_PPHO1  an_AT1    under-grown_JJ  donkey_NN    and_CC  after_CS  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  restrained_VBN  himself_PPX1  from_IO  saying_VBG  anything_PN1  in_IO  reply_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  thrown_VBN  a_AT1  melon_NN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  when_CS his_APP$  back_NN  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  for_IO  guidance_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  all_RR  but_RR  lost_VBN  his_APP$  temper_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  Father_NNSB1  Brenes_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  nearly_RR  swore_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Father_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  by_IO  clasping_VBG  the_AT1  window-sill_NN  and_CC  clenching_VBG  my_APP$  teeth_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  saved_VVD  myself_PPX1  from_IO  uttering_VBG  a_AT1  blasphemous_JJ  word_NN  .    
    you_PPY  did_VDD  right_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  son_NN  ,_,    Father_NNSB1  Brenes_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  did_VDD  right_RR  to_TO  clench_VV0  your_APP$  teeth_NNS  and_CC  clasp_VV0  the_AT1  window-sill_NN  and_CC  utter_VV0  not_XX  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  were_VBDR  wrong_JJ  in_IO  even_RR  contemplating_VBG  using_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  proper_JJ  Christian_JJ  attitude_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  patience_NN  ,_,  tolerance_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  wrongs_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  right_NN  .    
  so_RR  now_RL  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  feel_VV0  any_DD  similar_JJ  temptations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  especially_RR  difficult_JJ  if_CS  Maria_NP  threw_VVD  another_DD1  melon_NN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS his_APP$  back_NN  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  .  
    .  and_CC  two_MC  boxes_NNS  of_IO  matches_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  white-armed_JJ  tourist_NN  continued_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  laughter_NN  having_VHG  gone_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  cut_VVD  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  brown_JJ  paper_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  wooden-handled_JJ  all-purpose_JB  knife_NN  ,_,  wrapped_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  cigarettes_NNS  and_CC  matches_NNS  and_CC  handed_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  now_RL  somewhat_RR  disinterested_JJ  customer_NN  .  
    gracias_&FW  ,_,    acknowledged_VVD  the_AT1  white-armed_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  a_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  returning_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
    adios_&FW  ,_,  seno*?2r_&FW  ,_,    Joe_NP  Joe_NP  said_VVD  .  
  Maria_NP  called_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  that_PNQS descended_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  rooms_NNS  above_II  ,_,  which_DDQ  formed_VVD  their_APP$  little_JJ  home_NN1  .  
    Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  shouted_VVD  ,_,    when_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  shop_NN  and_CC  clean_VV0  the_AT1  fish_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  making_VBG  my_APP$  kitchen_NN  smell_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  fish-shop_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  shop_NN  now_RL  ,_,  Maria_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  resignedly_RR  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  then_RL  clean_VV0  the_AT1  fish_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  making_VBG  your_APP$  kitchen_NN  smell_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  fish-shop_NN  .    
  Maria_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  position_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  and_CC  ornately_RR  designed_JJ  wooden_JJ  chair_NN  given_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  by_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  marriage_NN  to_IO  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  it_PPH1  had_VHD  occupied_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  area_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  kitchen_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  almost_RR  irritating_JJ  habit_NN  of_IO  shuffling_VBG  her_APP$  feet_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  bare_JJ  boards_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  and_CC  sewed_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  carefully_RR  embroidering_VBG  a_AT1  lace_NN  handkerchief_NN  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  doing_VBG  for_IO  six_MC  weeks_NNS  now_RL  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  smell_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,    Joe_NP  Joe_NP  commented_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  sniffing_VBG  loudly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    his_APP$  wife_NN  replied_VVD  sharply_RR  ,_,    down_RP  in_IO  that_DD1  shop_NN  all_DB  day_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  stuck_VBN  here_RL  with_IO  two_MC  uncleaned_JJ  fish_NNS  for_IO  company_NN  .    
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  nearly_RR  said_VVD  ,_,      why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  clean_VV0  them_PPHO1  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  by_IO  Saint_NNSB1  Christopher_NP  .    but_CCB  remembered_VVD  Father_NNSB1  Brenes_NP  and_CC  instead_RR  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  fish_NNS  and_CC  began_VVD  scaling_VBG  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  all-purpose_JB  knife_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  over_RP  at_IO  Maria_NP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  there_RL  in_IO  her_APP$  formidable_JJ  high-backed_JJ  chair_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  six-weeks'_JB  lace_NN  handkerchief_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  knee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  one_MC1  fish_NN  down_RP  and_CC  picked_VVD  up_RP  another_DD1  ,_,  his_APP$  mind_NN  drifted_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  and_CC  Maria_NP  had_VHD  together_RR  sat_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  pebbly_JJ  beach_NN  that_PNQS adjoins_VBZ  the_AT1  beach_NN  of_IO  Pasto_NP  Del_NP  Sol_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Maria_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  courting_VBG  then_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  stolen_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  Mama_NNSB1  (_(  a_AT1  significant_JJ  woman_NN  )_)  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  below_IO  the_AT1  cliff-face_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  .  
  together_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  sat_VBN  throwing_VBG  hard_JJ  ,_,  round_JJ  pebbles_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  waters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moon_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  full_JJ  moon_NN  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  nevertheless_RR  the_AT1  finest_JJT  moon_NN  that_PNQS Joe_NP  Joe_NP  had_VHD  seen_VBN  up_RP  until_IO  then_RL  .  
  Maria_NP  had_VHD  long_JJ  black_JJ  hair_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  reached_VVD  down_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  broad_JJ  sweep_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  pride_NN  and_CC  joy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  pride_NN  and_CC  joy_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  Mama_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  talk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lads_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Market_NNL1  Square_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  nights_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  deep_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  waist_NN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  slimmest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  wind_VV0  the_AT1  cane_NN  band_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lobster-pot_NN  round_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  ease_NN  .  
  that_DD1  night_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  trembled_VBN  .  
  trembled_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  calm_JJ  ,_,  dark_JJ  waters_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  moon_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pebbly_JJ  beach_NN  .  
  trembled_VBN  when_CS he_PPHO1  touched_VVD  her_APP$  long_JJ  warm_JJ  fingers_NNS  and_CC  heard_VVD  her_APP$  soft_JJ  low_JJ  pebbly-beach_JB  voice_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  kissed_VBN  her_APP$  red_JJ  lips_NNS  ,_,  once_RR  ,_,  clumsily_RR  but_CCB  strongly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  night_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  still_JJ  and_CC  silent_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  waves_NNS  slumbered_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  there_RL  mute_JJ  together_RR  ,_,      Maria_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  lovely_JJ  Maria_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  replied_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  spontaneity_NN  which_DDQ  amazed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  ,_,  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  darling_JJ  little_JJ  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  must_VM  wait_VV0  until_CS  your_APP$  father_NN  lets_VBZ  you_PPY  have_VH0  his_APP$  shop_NN  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  may_VM  make_VV0  our_APP$  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  rooms_NNS  above_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  shop_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  best_JJT  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Mama_NNSB1  would_VM  think_VV0  so_PN1  too_RR  .    
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  elated_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  months_NNS  succeeding_VBG  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  blissful_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  less_RG  and_CC  less_RG  aware_JJ  of_IO  Maria's_PPIO2  four_MC  large_JJ  front_JB  teeth_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  protruded_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  very_RG  sharply_RR  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  also_RR  were_VBDR  the_AT1  talk_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lads_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Market_NNL1  Square_NNL1  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  nights_NNS  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  ebony_NN  black_JJ  hair_NN  was_VBDZ  discoloured_VBN  with_IO  grey_JJ  strands_NNS  and_CC  tied_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  tight_JJ  and_CC  severe_JJ  bun_NN  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  deep_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  flashed_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  somehow_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  way_NN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  to_TO  wind_VV0  around_IO  her_APP$  waist_NN  even_RR  the_AT1  lowest_JJT  band_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lobster-pot_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pebbly_JJ  beach_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  more_RRR  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  finished_VVD  getting_VBG  the_AT1  fish_NNS  washed_VBN  and_CC  laid_VVD  them_PPHO1  neatly_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  flat_JJ  plate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  cleaned_VVD  the_AT1  all-purpose_JB  knife_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  wooden_JJ  handle_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  it_PPH1  away_RP  carefully_RR  .  
  taking_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  sombrero_NN  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ      adios_&FW    to_IO  Maria_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  from_IO  her_APP$  sewing_NN  (_(  for_IO  strict_JJ  concentration_NN  was_VBDZ  required_VBN  )_)  ,_,  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  deep_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Joe_NP  Joe's_PPIO2  custom_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  his_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Cafe*?2_NNL1  Del_NP  Costa_NP  ,_,  since_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  count_VV0  the_AT1  coins_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  there_RL  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  along_RP  and_CC  thereby_RR  gauge_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cognacs_NNS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  purchase_VV0  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  his_APP$  friend_NN  Jose*?2_NP  Puerette*?2_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  every_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  friends_NNS  shook_VVD  hands_NNS  warmly_RR  and_CC  sat_VVD  at_IO  their_APP$  usual_JJ  place_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,    Jose*?2_NP  said_VVD  ;_;    the_AT1  fish_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  biting_VBG  today_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  calm_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  hot_JJ  and_CC  my_APP$  brother_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  not_XX  greatly_RR  disappointed_JJ  .    
  Jose*?2_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  brother_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  joint-owners_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  fishing-boat_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  laden_VBN  with_IO  nets_NNS  ,_,  set_VVD  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  every_AT1  morning_NN  just_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  sun_NN  peeped_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  Pasto_NP  Del_NP  Sol_NP  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  fruitless_JJ  search_NN  for_IO  fish_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  (_(  allegedly_RR  by_IO  rivals_NNS  )_)  that_CS  the_AT1  Puerette*?2_NP  brothers_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  fishermen_NNS  for_IO  long_RR  ,_,  lacked_VVD  the_AT1  native_JJ  instinct_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  whose_PNQV$  fathers_NNS  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  fathers_NNS  before_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  fishermen_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  this_DD1  accounted_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  singular_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  success_NN  in_IO  obtaining_VBG  hauls_NNS  .  
  others_DA2  said_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  spent_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  time_NN  in_IO  siesta_NN  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  pull_VV0  round_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  rocky_JJ  inlets_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  and_CC  anchor_VV0  there_RL  ,_,  sleeping_VBG  ,_,  munching_VBG  bread_NN  and_CC  drinking_VBG  wine_NN  .  
  Joe_NP  Joe_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  really_RR  believe_VV0  this_DD1  latter_DA  story_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  suspected_VVD  was_VBDZ  invented_VBN  by_IO  Jose*?2's_PPIO2  wife_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  hardworking_JJ  but_CCB  mean_JJ  woman_NN  with_IO  sharp_JJ  cheek-bones_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  Jose*?2_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  resourceful_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ  person_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  one_MC1  afternoon_NN  when_CS the_AT1  boat_NN  had_VHD  started_VBN  to_TO  fill_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  water_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  leak_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  calmly_RR  awakened_VBN  his_APP$  brother_NN  and_CC  then_RL  had_VHD  swum_VBN  ashore_RR  to_TO  enlist_VV0  help_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  his_APP$  brother_NN  to_TO  tread_VV0  water_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  mark_VV0  the_AT1  spot_NN  where_CS the_AT1  boat_NN  had_VHD  sunk_VBN  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  other_DA  boats_NNS  the_AT1  craft_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  brought_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  and_CC  towed_VBN  ashore_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Jose*?2_NP  had_VHD  that_DD1  night_NN  accepted_VVD  many_DA  congratulationary_JJ  cognacs_NNS  proffered_VBN  him_PPHO1  by_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS admired_VVD  his_APP$  quick_JJ  thinking_NN  and_CC  coolness_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  crisis_NN  .  never_RR  speak_VV0  to_IO  strange_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Diana_NP  Athill_NP  .  
  conversation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Oscar_NP  Wilde_NP  might_VM  almost_RR  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  easy_JJ  art_NN  of_IO  losing_VBG  friends_NNS  and_CC  alienating_VBG  people_NNS  ;_;  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  ever_RR  been_VBN  inescapably_RR  bound_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  threads_NNS  of_IO  conversation_NN  of_IO  two_MC  such_DA  gentlemen_NNS  as_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  likely_JJ  to_TO  agree_VV0  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  ,_,  take_VV0  warning_NN  and_CC  plan_VV0  an_AT1  escape_NN  route_NN  in_IO  advance_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  often_RR  too_RG  few_DA  chairs_NNS  on_IO  steamers_NNS  which_DDQ  visit_VV0  Adriatic_NP  islands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  few_DA  are_VBR  shackled_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  queued_VBN  for_IO  until_CS  a_AT1  morose_JJ  sailor_NN  consents_VBZ  to_TO  unlock_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  gives_VBZ  them_PPHO1  rarity_NN  value_NN  .  
  uncomfortable_JJ  though_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  a_AT1  privilege_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  one_MC1  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  rather_RR  be_VB0  leaning_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  rail_NN  .  
  so_RR  if_CS  two_MC  men_NNS  insist_VV0  on_IO  giving_VBG  up_RP  their_APP$  hard-won_JB  deck-chairs_NNS  to_IO  two_MC  women_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  ungracious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  to_TO  refuse_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS I_PPIS1  and_CC  my_APP$  cousin_NN  Laura_NP  met_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  from_IO  Oldham_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  visiting_VBG  a_AT1  trade_NN  fair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  now_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  spree_NN  ,_,  intending_VBG  to_TO  spend_VV0  one_MC1  night_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  bound_VBN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS boomed_VVD  and_CC  had_VHD  three_MC  strands_NNS  of_IO  hair_NN  trained_VBN  across_IO  his_APP$  skull_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  about_RR  fifty-five_MC  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS whispered_VVD  and_CC  wore_VVD  pince-nez_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  seventy_MC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  probably_RR  the_AT1  kindest_JJT  men_NNS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  ever_RR  meet_VV0  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  mines_NNS  of_IO  information_NN  on_IO  draught-proof_JJ  floor_NN  coverings_NNS  and_CC  plastic_NN  paints_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  widely_RR  travelled_JJ  and_CC  had_VHD  brought_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  Malaya_NP  ,_,  Peru_NP  ,_,  Queensland_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Friendly_NP  Islands_NPLS  an_AT1  astonishing_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  statistics_NNS  concerning_IO  measurements_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM    and_CC  did_VDD    describe_VV0  how_CS high_JJ  ,_,  wide_JJ  ,_,  deep_JJ  ,_,  thick_JJ  and_CC  heavy_JJ  was_VBDZ  any_DD  object_NN  you_PPY  might_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  name_VV0  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  places_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  was_VBDZ  less_RG  enterprising_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  trade_NN  fair_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  his_APP$  first_MD  journey_NN  abroad_RR  and_CC  his_APP$  preoccupations_NNS  were_VBDR  chiefly_RR  dietary_JJ  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  morning_NN  Laura_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS has_VHZ  less_DA  sense_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  obligation_NN  than_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,  had_VHD  sidled_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  deck_NN  chair_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  hatch_NN  beside_IO  a_AT1  medical_JJ  student_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  guitar_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  stuck_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  trying_VBG  to_TO  view_VV0  the_AT1  experiences_NNS  as_IO  a_AT1  salutary_JJ  discipline_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  that_CS  Laura_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  travel_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  new_JJ  places_NNS  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  new_JJ  beauties_NNS  in_IO  nature_NN  and_CC  art_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  that_CS  when_CS we_PPIS2  have_VH0  encounters_NNS  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  worth_IO  having_VHG  .  
  the_AT1  encounters_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  imagined_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  journey_NN  were_VBDR  certainly_RR  remote_JJ  from_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  in_IO  everything_PN1  but_IO  sex_NN  (_(  if_CS  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  could_VM  call_VV0  it_PPH1  that_DD1  )_)  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  reminded_VVD  myself_PPX1  of_IO  how_CS kind_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  and_CC  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  myself_PPX1  that_CS  anyway_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  over_RP  when_CS we_PPIS2  reached_VVD  our_APP$  destination_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  thought_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  suffering_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  become_VBN  numb_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  faculties_NNS  .  a_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  boredom_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  reached_VBN  before_II  .  
  when_CS lunch_NN  came_VVD  round_RP  again_RR  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  by_IO  immemorial_JJ  custom_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  listening_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  ate_VVD  ,_,  to_IO  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  exact_JJ  dimensions_NNS  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball's_PPIO2  verandah_NN  in_IO  Kuala_NP  Lumpur_NP  (_(  some_DD  eighteen_MC  inches_NNS  longer_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  verandah_NN  in_IO  Lima_NP  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  and_CC  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  sweet_JJ  potato_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  eaten_VBN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  as_CS  inertia_NN  crept_VVD  up_RP  on_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  the_AT1  venerable_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  more_RG  lively_JJ  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  slightly_RR  oppressed_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  companion's_NN1$  sophistication_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  talk_NN  turned_VVD  to_IO  food_NN  he_PPHO1  perked_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  of_IO  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  which_WDTI  breakfast_NN  cereals_NNS  his_APP$  grandchildren_NN  preferred_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  journey_NN  ended_VVD  that_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  gang-plank_NN  went_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  said_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  room_NN  booked_VBN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  without_IO  thinking_VBG  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  an_AT1  address_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  office_NN  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  luck_NN  !_!    exclaimed_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  .  
    look_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  letter_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  chief_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  man_NN  here_RL  ,_,  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  you_PPY  just_RR  stick_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  Laura_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  edge_VV0  backwards_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  surge_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  gangway_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  babble_VV0  about_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  nuisance_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  porters_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  unleashed_VBN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  had_VHD  caught_VBN  one_MC1  and_CC  handed_VVD  over_RP  our_APP$  baggage_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  and_CC  there_RL  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  quay_NN  with_IO  our_APP$  benevolent_JJ  friends_NNS  ,_,  obviously_RR    together_RR  .    
  other_DA  people_NNS  were_VBDR  borne_VBN  off_RP  in_IO  large_JJ  numbers_NNS  towards_IO  adventure_NN  .  
  Laura_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  (_(  not_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspected_VVD  unhappily_RR  ,_,  on_IO  speaking_NN  terms_NNS  )_)  got_VVD  meekly_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  taxi_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  last_DA  traces_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  initiative_NN  vanishing_VBG  as_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  so_PN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  visiting_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  thickly_RR  walled_JJ  and_CC  lovely_JJ  town_NN  with_IO  straggling_JJ  outskirts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  straggle_NN  was_VBDZ  long_JJ  and_CC  thin_JJ    the_AT1  mountains_NNS  came_VVD  too_RG  close_RR  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  spread_VV0  backwards_RR    and_CC  unless_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  careful_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  ,_,  you_PPY  could_VM  find_VV0  yourself_PPX1  staying_VBG  some_DD  way_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  town_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  rooms_NNS  within_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  only_RR  just_RR  outside_RP  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  got_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  chief_NN  we_PPIS2  said_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  .  
    oh_UH  no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  shocked_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  the_AT1  noise_NN  .    
    but_CCB  cars_NNS  are_VBR  n't_XX  allowed_VBN  inside_RP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  cars_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  talking_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  music_NN    they_PPHS2  go_VV0  on_RP  all_DB  night_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  places_NNS  .  
  and_CC  besides_II    the_AT1  drains_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  ,_,  clean_JJ  ,_,  modern_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  worry_VV0  .    
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  worrying_VBG  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  panicking_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  numb_JJ  and_CC  Laura_NP  was_VBDZ  speechless_JJ  with_IO  rage_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  words_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  rude_JJ  and_CC  wounding_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  ,_,  kind_JJ  man_NN  .  
  so_RR  before_IO  long_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  Laura_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  being_VBG  welcomed_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  eminently_RR  respectable_JJ  ,_,  exquisitely_RR  clean_JJ  ,_,  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  modern_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  half-hour's_NN1$  walk_NN  (_(  the_AT1  trams_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  go_VV0  that_DD1  way_NN  )_)  outside_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  night_NN  was_VBDZ  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  rains_NNS  came_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  rained_VVD  and_CC  blew_VVD  for_IO  five_MC  days_NNS  without_IO  stopping_VBG  .  
  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  August_NN1  ,_,  widely_RR  advertised_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  Adriatic's_PPIO2  most_RG  benign_JJ  month_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  not_XX  stopped_VBN  at_IO  bringing_VBG  no_AT1  raincoats_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  umbrellas_NNS  :_:  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  brought_VBN  no_AT1  coats_NNS  and_CC  no_AT1  sensible_JJ  shoes_NNS  either_RR  .  
  had_VHD  we_PPIS2  been_VBN  staying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  itself_PPX1  we_PPIS2  could_VM  each_DD1  day_NN  have_VH0  darted_VBN  across_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  Cafe*?2_NNL1  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  a_AT1  full_JJ  life_NN  for_IO  hours_NNS  on_IO  end_NN  without_IO  setting_VBG  foot_NN  out_RP  of_IO  doors_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  choice_NN  of_IO  eating_NN  places_NNS  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  danced_VBN  every_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  rare_JJ  occasions_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  rain_NN  diminished_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  drizzle_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  hurry_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  town_NN  before_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  drenched_VBN  .  
  once_RR  or_CC  twice_RR  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  reach_VV0  the_AT1  town_NN    but_CCB  never_RR  before_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  drenched_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  about_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  amenity_NN  not_XX  provided_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  Cafe*?2_NNL1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  drying_NN  room_NN  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  as_IO  an_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  borne_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  truly_RR  testing_JJ  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  no_AT1  aeroplane_NN  could_VM  take_VV0  off_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  airfield_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  had_VHD  planned_VBN  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  fair_NN  ,_,  after_IO  only_RR  one_MC1  night_NN  ,_,  by_IO  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  local_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  ,_,  anxious_JJ  for_IO  their_APP$  district's_NN1$  reputation_NN  for_IO  clemency_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  decided_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  rain_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  belittle_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  every_AT1  morning_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  airline_NN  office_NN  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  stop_VV0  tonight_NN1  ,_,  planes_NNS  will_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  leaving_VBG  tomorrow_NN1  .    
  so_RR  our_APP$  friends_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  change_VV0  their_APP$  plans_NNS  and_CC  go_VV0  by_IO  boat_NN  .  
  no_UH  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  immured_VBN  with_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  that_DD1  spotless_JJ  house_NN  for_IO  five_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  longest_JJT  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  lived_VBN  through_IO  .  
  we_PPIS2  expected_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  fretful_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  grave_JJ  hitch_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  plans_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  mind_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  had_VHD  known_VBN  far_RR  longer_JJ  and_CC    incredible_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD    duller_JJ  delays_NNS  on_IO  savannah_NN  and_CC  prairie_NN  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  now_RL  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  while_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  though_CS  gently_RR  distressed_JJ  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  found_VVD  his_APP$  imprisonment_NN  positively_RR  rewarding_JJ  .  
  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  his_APP$  digestion_NN  was_VBDZ  upset_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  discovery_NN  of_IO  yoghourt_NN  :_:  a_AT1  discovery_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  recall_VV0  throughout_IO  his_APP$  declining_NN  years_NNS  as_IO  an_AT1  important_JJ  event_NN  ;_;  though_CS  perhaps_RR  not_XX  always_RR  at_IO  half-hourly_JJ  intervals_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  however_CS long_RR  we_PPIS2  stayed_VVD  in_IO  bed_NN  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  at_RR  last_RR    and_CC  there_RL  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  cheerful_JJ  and_CC  kind_JJ  ,_,  ready_JJ  for_IO  talk_NN  and_CC  paper-games_NNS  involving_VBG  arithmetic_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  resourceful_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  knew_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  said_VVD  charming_JJ  things_NNS  to_IO  us_PPIO2     how_CS grateful_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  for_IO  our_APP$  company_NN  ,_,  how_CS pleased_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  found_VBN  us_PPIO2   such_DA  a_AT1  nice_JJ  house_NN    we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  meet_VV0  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  sometimes_RR  made_VVD  it_PPH1  worse_JJ  by_IO  taking_VBG  us_PPIO2   aside_RP  and_CC  whispering_VBG  that_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  wished_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  ,_,  to_TO  escape_VV0  from_IO  two_MC  old_JJ  fogeys_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  not_XX  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  conscious_JJ  of_IO  our_APP$  bilious_JJ  rage_NN  ,_,  suppressed_VBN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  feared_VVD  so_RG  badly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  driven_VBN  by_IO  guilt_NN  (_(  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  the_AT1  rain_NN  )_)  to_IO  effusive_JJ  protests_NNS  .  
  good_JJ  heavens_NNS  no_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  nonsense_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  settle_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  another_DD1  paper_NN  game_NN  .  
  the_AT1  climax_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  day_NN  came_VVD  at_IO  dinner_NN  time_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  listening_VBG  to_IO  wild_JJ  music_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  dancing_VBG  ,_,  we_PPIS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  meeting_VBG  young_JJ  men_NNS  with_IO  bold_JJ  ,_,  flashing_JJ  eyes_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  instead_RR  ,_,  because_CS  our_APP$  landlady_NN  served_VVD  no_AT1  meals_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  splash_VV0  across_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next-door_JB  pension_NN  under_IO  umbrellas_NNS  held_VBN  by_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  ,_,  there_RL  to_TO  eat_VV0  Wiener_NP  schnitzel_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  table_NN  with_IO  seven_MC  middle-aged_JJ  married_JJ  couples_NNS  from_IO  Wuppertal_NP  .  
  relief_NN  came_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  sixth_MD  day_NN  .  
  having_VHG  learned_VBN  that_CS  bits_NNS  of_IO  purple_JJ  storm_NN  cloud_NN  look_VV0  deceptively_RR  like_IO  blue_JJ  sky_NN  when_CS seen_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  chinks_NNS  in_IO  shutters_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  not_XX  bothered_VBN  to_TO  consult_VV0  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  weather's_NN1$  change_NN  was_VBDZ  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  knocked_VVD  on_IO  our_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   that_CS  a_AT1  taxi_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  young_JJ  ladies_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  shared_VBN  an_AT1  interesting_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rainfall_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  last_DA  five_MC  days_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  half_RR  as_RG  much_DA  again_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  average_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  four_MC  months_NNS  June_NN1  to_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  inclusive_JJ  .    
  as_CS  the_AT1  taxi_NN  bumped_VVD  away_RP  we_PPIS2  collapsed_VVD  on_IO  our_APP$  beds_NNS  and_CC  exchanged_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  look_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  dared_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  since_IO  our_APP$  arrival_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  still_RR  had_VHD  five_MC  more_DA  days_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  legendary_JJ  place_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  move_VV0  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Laura_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  move_VV0  right_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  room_NN  above_IO  a_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  music_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  place_NN  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,    said_VVD  I_PPIS1  ,_,    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  hardly_RR  ever_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  only_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  stop_VV0  swimming_VBG  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  eat_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  stop_VV0  eating_VBG  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  talk_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  stop_VV0  talking_VBG  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  dance_VV0  .    
  but_CCB  as_CS  we_PPIS2  spoke_VVD  our_APP$  landlady_NN  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  carried_VVD  a_AT1  tray_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  two_MC  little_JJ  glasses_NNS  of_IO  cherry_NN  brandy_NN  and_CC  two_MC  big_JJ  slices_NNS  of_IO  home-made_JJ  sponge_NN  cake_NN  .  
    sun_NN  ,_,  yes_UH  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  so_RG  'appy_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    and_CC  she_PPHO1  beamed_VVD  with_IO  pleasure_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  the_AT1  mistress_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  respectable_JJ  ,_,  clean_JJ  ,_,  modern_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ    oh_UH  ominous_JJ  word_NN    as_RG  kind_JJ  as_CS  kind_JJ  can_VM  be_VB0  .  
  how_CS could_VM  we_PPIS2  possibly_RR  run_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  anyone_PN1  so_RG  admirable_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  no_AT1  definite_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  thus_RR  ,_,  though_CS  our_APP$  holiday_NN  had_VHD  begun_VBN  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ball_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Baring_NP  .  
  try_VV0  as_CS  we_PPIS2  might_VM  ,_,  no_AT1  harm_NN  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  each_DD1  day_NN  left_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  after_IO  some_DD  nineteen_MC  hours_NNS  of_IO  sight-seeing_NN  ,_,  swimming_NN  ,_,  talking_NN  ,_,  drinking_NN  ,_,  and_CC  dancing_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  still_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  those_DD2  bewitching_JJ  noisy_JJ  streets_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  still_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  trudge_VV0  for_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  back_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  eminently_RR  respectable_JJ  lodgings_NNS  .  
  and_CC  so_RG  respectable_JJ  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  that_CS  once_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  door_NN  our_APP$  escorts_NNS    those_DD2  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  who_PNQS were_VBDR  stalwart_JJ  enough_RGA  still_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  with_IO  us_PPIO2     never_RR  dreamed_VVD  of_IO  doing_VBG  anything_PN1  more_DA  than_CS  shake_VV0  our_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  village_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  her_APP$  childhood_NN  .  
  here_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  .  the_AT1  white_JJ  people_NNS  seized_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  word_NN  ,_,  Nature_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  lightest_JJT  footfall_NN  ,_,  with_IO  fanatical_JJ  seriousness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  English_JJ  nurses_NNS  discovered_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  sit_VV0  next_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  and_CC  be_VB0  agreeable_JJ    perhaps_RR  asking_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  slice_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  boredom_NN  ,_,  to_TO  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN    without_IO  his_APP$  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  flirtation_NN  and_CC  turning_VBG  up_RP  next_DA  day_NN  after_IO  breakfast_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  love_NN  affair_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  place_NN  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  never_RR  a_AT1  breath_NN  of_IO  breeze_NN  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  season_NN  of_IO  storms_NNS  and_CC  where_CS the_AT1  curtains_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  never_RR  moved_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  breeze_NN  unless_CS  a_AT1  storm_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  English_JJ  nurses_NNS  were_VBDR  often_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  in_RP  for_IO  transfers_NNS  to_IO  another_DD1  district_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  much_RR  brighter_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  towns_NNS  ,_,  life_NN  .  
  civilisation_NN  ,_,  shops_NNS  .  
  much_RR  cooler_JJ    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  high_RR  up_RP  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  races_NNS  .    
    you_PPY  would_VM  like_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1    those_DD2  orange_NN  planters_NNS  .  
  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  greener_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  huge_JJ  valley_NN  .  
  shooting_NN  .    
    why_CS did_VDD  they_PPHS2  send_VV0  you_PPY  nurses_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  unhealthy_JJ  spot_NN  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  spot_NN  .    
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  nurses_NNS  left_VVD  Fort_NNL1  Beit_NP  .  
  but_CCB  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   who_PNQS were_VBDR  doing_VBG  tropical_JJ  diseases_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  because_CS  our_APP$  clinic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  largest_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  colony_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  research_NN  centre_NN  for_IO  tropical_JJ  diseases_NNS  .  
  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   who_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  used_VVD  sometimes_RR  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  wonderful_JJ  here_RL  .  
  heaps_NNS  of_IO  servants_NNS  .  
  cheap_JJ  drinks_NNS  .  
  birds_NNS  ,_,  beasts_NNS  ,_,  flowers_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  place_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  without_IO  its_APP$  strange_JJ  marvels_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  got_VVD  used_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  travel-film_NN  colours_NNS  except_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  dry_JJ  season_NN  when_CS the_AT1  dust_NN  made_VVD  everything_PN1  real_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  dust_NN  was_VBDZ  thick_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  yard_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  where_CS the_AT1  natives_NNS  squatted_VVD  and_CC  stood_VVD  about_RP  ,_,  shouting_VBG  or_CC  laughing_VBG    it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN    cooking_VBG  and_CC  eating_VBG  ,_,  while_CS  they_PPHS2  awaited_VVD  treatment_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  x-rays_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  x-ray_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  relative_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  off_RP  a_AT1  fierce_JJ  smell_NN  and_CC  kicked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  dust_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sore_JJ  eyes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  babies_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  beset_VBN  by_IO  flies_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  babies_NNS  slept_VVD  on_RP  regardless_RR  ,_,  slung_VBN  on_IO  their_APP$  mothers'_NN2  backs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  woke_VVD  and_CC  cried_VVD  the_AT1  women_NNS  suckled_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  poor_JJ  whites_NNS  of_IO  Fort_NNL1  Beit_NP  and_CC  its_APP$  area_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  reception_NN  room_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  inside_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  they_PPHS2  ate_VVD  the_AT1  food_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  brought_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  lolled_VVD  about_RP  in_IO  long_JJ  silences_NNS  ,_,  sometimes_RR  working_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  fight_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  remainder_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  society_NN  of_IO  Fort_NNL1  Beit_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  visit_VV0  the_AT1  clinic_NN  .  
  the_AT1  remainder_NN  comprised_VVD  the_AT1  chemist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  clergyman_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  veterinary_JJ  surgeon_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  families_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  enjoyed_VVD  a_AT1  social_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  and_CC  remote_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  only_RR  coming_VBG  into_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  poor_JJ  white_JJ  small-farmers_NNS  for_IO  business_NN  purposes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  entertain_VV0  the_AT1  clinic_NN  staff_NN  who_PNQS mostly_RR  spent_VVD  its_APP$  free_JJ  time_NN  elsewhere_RR    miles_NNS  and_CC  miles_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  driving_VBG  at_IO  weekends_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  dams_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  set_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  sailor_NN  .  
  but_CCB  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  nurses_NNS  and_CC  medical_JJ  officers_NNS  would_VM  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  ,_,  spend_VV0  an_AT1  evening_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chemist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  clergyman_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  vet_NN  ,_,  or_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  quarters_NNS  .  
  into_IO  this_DD1  society_NN  came_VVD  Sonia_NP  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwe_NP  when_CS her_APP$  husband_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  three_MC  years_NNS  in_IO  prison_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  certain_JJ  slur_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  sentence_NN  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  generally_RR  felt_VBN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  too_RG  far_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  undermining_VBG  the_AT1  prestige_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  colony_NN  at_IO  Whitehall_NP  .  
  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  held_VVD  the_AT1  incident_NN  against_IO  Sonia_NP  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  difficulty_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  face_VV0  in_IO  her_APP$  efforts_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  chemist_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  clergyman_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  yet_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  company_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwes'_NPS$  farm_NN  lay_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  outside_IO  Fort_NNL1  Beit_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  farms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  area_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  developed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  mines_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  had_VHD  lately_RR  closed_VBN  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwes_NP2  had_VHD  lived_VBN  the_AT1  makeshift_JJ  ,_,  toiling_JJ  lives_NNS  of_IO  Afrikaans_JJ  settlers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  trekked_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  had_VHD  ever_RR  before_II  occurred_VBN  to_IO  Sonia_NP  that_CS  her_APP$  days_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  spent_VBN  otherwise_RR  than_CS  in_IO  rising_VBG  and_CC  washing_VBG  her_APP$  face_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  tub_NN  outside_RP  ,_,  baking_VBG  bread_NN  ,_,  scrappily_RR  feeding_VBG  her_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  yelling_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  natives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  retiring_VBG  at_IO  night_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  feather_NN  bed_NN  with_IO  Jannie_NP  .  
  her_APP$  only_DA  outings_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  gathering_NN  at_IO  Easter_NP  when_CS the_AT1  Afrikaans_NP2  came_VVD  in_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  street_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  covered_JJ  wagons_NNS  and_CC  settled_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  till_CS  the_AT1  lawyer_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  arrange_VV0  some_DD  affair_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  land_NN  bank_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  learned_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  actually_RR  handle_VV0  the_AT1  fortune_NN  her_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  imagined_VBN  that_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  pound_NN  notes_NNS  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  stuffed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  stocking_NN  were_VBDR  of_IO  real_JJ  spending_NN  worth_NN  ;_;  her_APP$  father_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  had_VHD  never_RR  spent_VBN  his_APP$  money_NN  on_IO  visible_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  invested_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  Sonia_NP  thought_VVD  that_CS  money_NN  paid_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  tribute-money_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  people_NNS  which_DDQ  patriarchal_JJ  farmers_NNS  like_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  were_VBDR  obliged_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  ethic_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  Church_NNL1  .  
  she_PPHO1  now_RL  understood_VVD  her_APP$  cash_NN  value_NN  ,_,  and_CC  felt_VVD  fiercely_RR  against_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  for_IO  failing_VBG  to_TO  reveal_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  difficult_JJ  course_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  final_JJ  draft_NN  ,_,  about_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  a_AT1  conference_NN  of_IO  nurses_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  clinic_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  wicked_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  let_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  much_DA  thought_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  recall_VV0  that_CS  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  far_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  about_IO  her_APP$  possibilities_NNS    her_APP$  tennis_NN  court_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  two_MC  bathrooms_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  black-and-white_JB  bedroom_NN    all_DB  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  as_RR  yet_RR  only_RR  a_AT1  glimmer_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tunnel_NN  .  
  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  changing_VBG  her_APP$  mind_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  which_DDQ  subsequently_RR  enjoyed_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  inches_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  press_NN  as_IO  part_NN  of_IO  Jannie's_PPIO2  evidence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  follows_VBZ  :_:  
  dear_JJ  Jannie_NP  there_EX  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  some_DD  changes_NNS  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  out_RP  what_DDQ  pa_NN  left_VVD  is_VBZ  cash_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  I_PPIS1  only_RR  got_VVD  to_IO  sine_VV0  my_APP$  name_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  like_IO  this_DD1  work_NN  work_NN  work_NN  counting_VBG  the_AT1  mealies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  by_IO  God_NP  like_IO  poor_JJ  whites_NNS  when_CS did_VDD  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  a_AT1  dress_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  your_APP$  shame_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  have_VH0  landed_VBN  in_IO  jale_NN  with_IO  your_APP$  bad_JJ  temper_NN  you_PPY  shoud_VM  of_VH0  amed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  legs_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Little_NP  came_VVD  here_RL  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  papers_NNS  to_IO  sine_VV0  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  you_PPY  get_VV0  good_JJ  cooking_NN  in_IO  jale_NN  the_AT1  kids_NNS  are_VBR  well_JJ  but_CCB  Hannah_NP  got_VVD  a_AT1  bite_NN  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  will_VM  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  there_RL  now_RL  and_CC  send_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  convent_NN  and_CC  pay_VV0  money_NN  .  
  your_APP$  loving_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  \0S_NP  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwe_NP  .  
  there_EX  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  many_DA  occasions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  lay_VVD  on_IO  my_APP$  bed_NN  on_IO  summer_NN  afternoons_NNS  in_IO  Worcestershire_NP  ,_,  because_CS  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  convalescent_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  schooldays_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  
  my_APP$  training_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  radio-therapist_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  begin_VV0  till_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS many_DA  afternoons_NNS  I_PPIS1  lay_VVD  on_IO  my_APP$  bed_NN  listening_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  litany_NN  of_IO  tennis_NN  noises_NNS  from_IO  where_CS my_APP$  two_MC  brothers_NNS  played_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  a_RR  little_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  below_IO  my_APP$  window_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  ,_,  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  my_APP$  elder_JJ  brother_NN  Richard_NP  would_VM  send_VV0  a_AT1  tennis_NN  ball_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  .  
  the_AT1  net_NN  curtain_NN  would_VM  stir_VV0  and_CC  part_VV0  very_RG  suddenly_RR  and_CC  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  the_AT1  ball_NN  would_VM  thud_VV0  and_CC  then_RL  roll_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  thought_VVD  one_MC1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  break_VV0  the_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  land_VV0  the_AT1  ball_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  face_NN  or_CC  break_VV0  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  never_RR  did_VDD  .  
  perhaps_RR  my_APP$  memory_NN  exaggerates_VBZ  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  occasions_NNS  and_CC  really_RR  they_PPHS2  only_RR  occurred_VVD  once_RR  or_CC  twice_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  moved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  breeze_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  lay_VVD  taking_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  calls_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  to_NN  and_CC  fro_NN  of_IO  tennis_NN  on_IO  those_DD2  unconcerned_JJ  afternoons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  the_AT1  sight_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pleasurable_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  that_CS  a_AT1  slight_JJ  movement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  should_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  summer_NN  breeze_NN  seems_VBZ  somewhere_RR  near_II  to_IO  truth_NN  ,_,  for_CS  to_IO  me_PPIO1  truth_NN  has_VHZ  airy_JJ  properties_NNS  with_IO  buoyant_JJ  and_CC  lyrical_JJ  effects_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS anything_PN1  drastic_JJ  starts_VBZ  up_RP  from_IO  some_DD  light_JJ  cause_NN  it_PPH1  only_RR  proves_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  something_PN1  false_JJ  has_VHZ  got_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  actually_RR  remember_VV0  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  room_NN  being_VBG  touched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  wind_NN  although_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ;_;  whenever_CS I_PPIS1  try_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  to_IO  mind_NN  this_DD1  detail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  sensations_NNS  it_PPH1  disappears_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  image_NN  only_RR  as_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  swallowed_VBN  some_DD  fruit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  of_IO  knowledge_NN    its_APP$  memory_NN  is_VBZ  usurped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwe's_PPIO2  house_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  disturbed_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  rainy_JJ  season_NN  ,_,  by_IO  a_AT1  trifling_JJ  wind_NN  ,_,  unreasonably_RR  meaning_VBG  a_AT1  storm_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  ,_,  on_IO  those_DD2  restful_JJ  afternoons_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  doubt_NN  about_IO  my_APP$  acceptance_NN  for_IO  training_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  radio-therapist_NN  because_IO  of_II  my_APP$  interrupted_JJ  schooling_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  the_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  acceptance_NN  came_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  post_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  with_IO  relief_NN  and_CC  delight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  that_DD1  same_DA  moment_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  turn_VV0  down_RP  the_AT1  offer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  received_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  given_VBN  to_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  reason_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  drawn_VBN  to_IO  moderate_JJ  and_CC  tranquil_JJ  motives_NNS  is_VBZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  lack_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  instead_RR  to_TO  become_VV0  a_AT1  hospital_NN  nurse_NN  and_CC  later_RRR  to_TO  follow_VV0  my_APP$  brother_NN  Richard_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  then_RL  a_AT1  medical_JJ  student_NN  ,_,  to_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  specialise_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  tropical_JJ  diseases_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  after_IO  my_APP$  arrival_NN  at_IO  Fort_NNL1  Beit_NP  that_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  across_IO  Sonji_NP  Van_NP  der_&FW  Merwe_NP  and_CC  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  nurses_NNS  ,_,  read_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  four_MC  hundred_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  colony's_NN1$  prison_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  posted_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  ritualistically_RR  the_AT1  next_DA  afternoon_NN  ,_,  putting_VBG  on_RP  her_APP$  church-going_NN  gloves_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  expect_VV0  ,_,  nor_CC  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  receive_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  three_MC  weeks_NNS  later_RRR  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  calling_VBG  herself_PPX1  Sonia_NP  .  
  our_APP$  visits_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  evenings_NNS  spent_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  vet's_NN1$  ,_,  the_AT1  chemist's_NN1$  and_CC  the_AT1  clergyman's_NN1$  ,_,  to_IO  whose_PNQV$  society_NN  Sonia_NP  now_RL  had_VHD  good_JJ  hopes_NNS  of_IO  access_NN  .  
  and_CC  every_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  turned_VVD  up_RP  something_PN1  new_JJ  had_VHD  taken_VBN  place_NN  .  
  Sonia_NP  knew_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  discovered_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  by_IO  bush-telegraph_NN  ,_,  where_CS to_TO  begin_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  yet_RR  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  travel_VV0  by_IO  train_NN  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  afraid_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  excursion_NN  by_IO  herself_PPX1  far_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  through_IO  one_MC1  nurse_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  she_PPHO1  obtained_VVD  furnishings_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  union_NN  ,_,  catalogues_NNS  ,_,  books_NNS  about_IO  interior_JJ  decoration_NN  and_CC  fashion_NN  magazines_NNS  .  
  travel-stained_JJ  furniture_NN  vans_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  arrive_VV0  at_IO  her_APP$  bidding_NN  and_CC  our_APP$  instigation_NN  .  
  her_APP$  first_MD  move_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  join_VV0  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  abandoning_VBG  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  reformed_JJ  persuasion_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  forefathers_NNS  ;_;  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  hand_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  this_DD1  up_RP  for_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  we_PPIS2  egged_VVD  her_PPHO1  on_RP  from_IO  week_NN  to_IO  week_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  taught_VVD  her_PPHO1  how_CS not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  mean_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  drinks_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  an_AT1  exotic_JJ  supply_NN  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  locked_VBN  the_AT1  bottles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pantry_NN  and_CC  poured_VBN  them_PPHO1  into_IO  glasses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  watered_VBN  them_PPHO1  before_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  house_NN  boy_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  her_APP$  guests_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  stopped_VVD  all_DB  that_DD1  .  
  a_AT1  contractor_NN  already_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  extensions_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  were_VBDR  being_VBG  decorated_VBN  and_CC  furnished_VBN  one_MC1  by_IO  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  two_MC  bathrooms_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  merely_RR  one_MC1  ,_,  installed_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  time_NN  getting_VBG  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  indoor_JB  lavatories_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  keep_VV0  reminding_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  pull_VV0  the_AT1  chain_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   brought_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  capital_NN  a_AT1  book_NN  of_IO  etiquette_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  twenty-eight_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  but_CCB  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  read_VVD  assiduously_RR  ,_,  following_VBG  the_AT1  words_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  forefinger_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS had_VHD  suggested_VBN  the_AT1  black-and-white_JB  bedroom_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  a_AT1  bit_NN  drunk_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wonder_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  taking_VBG  shape_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  within_IO  a_AT1  month_NN    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  black_JJ  wallpaper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  put_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  ,_,  although_CS  wallpaper_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thing_NN  unheard_JJ  of_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  colony_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  warned_VBN  by_IO  everyone_PN1  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  never_RR  stick_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  .  the_AT1  toothache_NN  .  
  toothache_NN  on_IO  top_II  of_II  all_DB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  taken_VBN  great_JJ  care_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  his_APP$  marriage_NN  was_VBDZ  two_MC  months_NNS  old_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  had_VHD  passed_VBN  in_IO  as_RG  many_DA  days_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  seventy_MC  three_MC  .  
  another_DD1  two_MC  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  over_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  divided_VBN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  stable_NN  door_NN  ,_,  into_IO  two_MC  equal_JJ  leaves_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knocked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  leaf_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  frosted_JJ  glass_NN  panel_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  and_CC  profession_NN  in_IO  heavy_JJ  black_JJ  capitals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  upper_JB  half_NN  opened_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  clean_JJ  ,_,  florid_JJ  face_NN  appeared_VVD  and_CC  disappointment_NN  pricked_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    yes_UH  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  .  attend_VV0  to_IO  this_DD1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  please_UH  .  
  the_AT1  slip_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  was_VBDZ  carefully_RR  scrutinised_VBN  .  
  himself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  paper_NN  .  
  himself_PPX1  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  the_AT1  father_NN  .  
    yes_UH  .  
    come_VBN  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  half_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  unlatched_VBN  to_TO  admit_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  half_RR  church_NN  ,_,  half_RR  office_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ecclesiastical_JJ  half_NN  was_VBDZ  neat_JJ  and_CC  shining_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  official_NN  half_NN  untidy_JJ  ,_,  strewn_VBN  with_IO  papers_NNS  .  
  nameless_JJ  brass_NN  projections_NNS  hung_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  and_CC  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  looted_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  glossy_JJ  photographs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  chapels_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  crematoria_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  funeral_NN  director_NN  busied_VVD  himself_PPX1  among_IO  his_APP$  littered_JJ  papers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  solved_VBN  a_AT1  problem_NN  ,_,  pronounced_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  expected_VVD  his_APP$  client_NN  to_TO  haggle_VV0  :_:  
    that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  three_MC  pounds_NNS  ten_MC  ,_,  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  four_MC  new_JJ  pound_NN  notes_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  wallet_NN  ,_,  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  placed_VVD  them_PPHO1  emphatically_RR  beneath_IO  the_AT1  undertaker's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  will_VM  anyone_PN1  attend_VV0  .  
    no_UH  .  
    has_VHZ  it_PPH1  got_VBN  a_AT1  name_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  
    shall_VM  I_PPIS1  inform_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  burial_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  
    some_DD  people_NNS  like_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  best_RBT  forgotten_VBN  .  
    if_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  had_VHD  lived_VBN  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  or_CC  weeks_NNS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  name_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  stone_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  apologising_VBG  for_IO  not_XX  bringing_VBG  better_JJ  trade_NN  .  
    a_AT1  different_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  but_CCB  best_RBT  forgotten_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  solved_VBN  a_AT1  problem_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  often_RR  happen_VV0  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  how_CS much_DA  a_AT1  child_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  would_VM  cost_VV0  .  
    right_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  tomorrow_NN1  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  business_NN  completed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  undertaker_NN  moved_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  ecclesiastical_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    put_VV0  it_PPH1  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  family_NN  man_NN  myself_PPX1  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  hand_NN  the_AT1  undertaker_NN  held_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  small_JJ  receipt_NN  for_IO  three_MC  pounds_NNS  ten_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  crumpled_JJ  ten_MC  shilling_NN  note_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  and_CC  went_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  divided_JJ  door_NN  .  
    good_JJ  afternoon_NN  .  
    good_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  registrar_NN  of_IO  births_NNS  and_CC  deaths_NNS  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  collected_VBN  the_AT1  certificate_NN  for_IO  disposal_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  that_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  names_NNS  .  
  dates_NNS  of_IO  birth_NN  .  
  1937_MC  .  
  1937_MC  .  
  professions_NNS  .  
  schoolteacher_NN  .  
  schoolteacher_NN  .  
  the_AT1  registrar_NN  wrote_VVD  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stillbirth_NN  .  
  19_MC  February_NN1  ,_,  1960_MC  .  
    when_CS were_VBDR  you_PPY  married_VBN  .  
    December_NN1  the_AT1  sixteenth_MD  .  
    nineteen_MC  fifty_MC  eight_MC  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  last_DA  year_NN  .  
  the_AT1  registrar_NN  smiled_VVD  .  
  who_PNQS  had_VHD  selected_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  endure_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  time_NN  .  
  like_IO  an_AT1  ever_RR  rolling_JJ  stream_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  comfort_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  .  
  his_APP$  tooth_NN  ached_VVD  .  
  no_AT1  comfort_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  kill_VV0  before_IO  his_APP$  dental_JJ  appointment_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  always_RR  time_NN  to_TO  kill_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  and_CC  watched_VBN  either_LE  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  die_VV0  or_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  being_VBG  born_VBN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ejaculated_VBN  into_IO  being_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  spermicide_NN  ,_,  killed_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  seeds_NNS  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  all_DB  his_APP$  moments_NNS  were_VBDR  dying_VBG  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  were_VBDR  seventy_MC  three_MC  you_PPY  could_VM  only_RR  look_VV0  behind_RP  you_PPY  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  age_NN  you_PPY  walked_VVD  backwards_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  kill_VV0  before_IO  his_APP$  dental_JJ  appointment_NN  ,_,  before_CS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  walk_VV0  .  
  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  dentist's_NN1$  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  thought_VBN  to_TO  change_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  walk_VV0  from_IO  Town_NNL1  to_IO  Beeston_NP  ,_,  up_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  hill_NN  that_PNQS overlooked_VVD  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  Leeds_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  near_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  since_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  so_RG  abruptly_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  returned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  lack_NN  of_IO  forgiveness_NN  would_VM  remain_VV0  mutual_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  resentment_NN  would_VM  consume_VV0  his_APP$  guilt_NN  .  
  supposing_VBG  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  .  
  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  supposing_VBG  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  greengrocer's_NN1$  on_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  ignore_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  written_VBN  a_AT1  terse_JJ  postcard_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  say_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  judgement_NN  .  
  besides_II  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  seventy_MC  three_MC  ,_,  your_APP$  parents_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  dead_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  names_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  heaped_VBN  on_IO  them_PPHO1  !_!  
  all_DB  the_AT1  fragments_NNS  of_IO  morality_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  fallen_VBN  about_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  fifth_MD  and_CC  the_AT1  seventh_MD  commandments_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  burned_VBN  his_APP$  photograph_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  bible_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  kept_VBN  at_IO  his_APP$  bedside_NN  .  
  such_DA  as_IO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  possess_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  read_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  an_AT1  ornament_NN  anyway_RR  .  
  a_AT1  tit_NN  bit_NN  .  
  a_AT1  miniature_NN  edition_NN  ,_,  inscribed_VBN  Joseph_NC2  Carson_NC2  ,_,  1841_NC2  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  picked_VBN  it_PPH1  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  pence_NNS  ,_,  buried_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  battered_JJ  copies_NNS  of_IO  Marie_NP  Corelli_NP  ,_,  Ouida_NP  and_CC  Hall_NNL1  Caine_NP  .  
  after_IO  only_RR  two_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  absence_NN  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  streets_NNS  showed_VVD  signs_NNS  of_IO  considerable_JJ  change_NN  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  gas_NN  lamps_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shocked_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  overhead_JB  sodium_NN  lighting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  demolition_NN  in_IO  progress_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  terrace_NN  houses_NNS  ,_,  almost_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  street_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  to_TO  watch_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  kill_VV0  .  
  ahead_RR  of_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  crutches_NNS  stood_VVD  watching_VBG  the_AT1  houses_NNS  being_VBG  torn_VBN  down_RP  .  
  that_DD1  had_VHD  not_XX  changed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  afternoons_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  peopled_VBN  by_IO  mothers_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  under_IO  five_MC  ,_,  or_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  aged_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  maimed_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  able-bodied_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  demolition_NN  men_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  would_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  at_IO  school_NN  tomorrow_NN1  morning_NN  .  
  after_IO  his_APP$  slight_JJ  indisposition_NN  .  
  a_AT1  chill_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bilious_JJ  attack_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blood_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  stair_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ambulance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  attendants'_NN2  hands_NNS  .  
  at_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  broken_JJ  bricks_NNS  ,_,  open_JJ  at_IO  page_NN  305_MC  ,_,  lay_VVD  the_AT1  grey_JJ  remnants_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  beauties_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  poetry_NN  :_:  
    the_AT1  Assyrian_NN1  came_VVD  down_RP  like_IO  the_AT1  wolf_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  fold_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  cohorts_NNS  were_VBDR  gleaming_VBG  in_IO  purple_NN  and_CC  gold_NN  ;_;    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  stiffened_JJ  pages_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  foot_NN  .  
  another_DD1  by_IO  Lord_NNSB1  Byron_NP  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hemans_NP  .  
  Hogg_NP  .  
  two_MC  men_NNS  with_IO  sledgehammers_NNS  were_VBDR  poised_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  fragment_NN  of_IO  surviving_JJ  wall_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  easily_RR  fall_VV0  and_CC  kill_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  had_VHD  worn_VBN  badly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  .  
  how_CS doth_VBZ  the_AT1  city_NN  sit_VV0  solitary_JJ  ,_,  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  people_NNS  !_!  
  seventy_MC  three_MC  .  
  fifty_MC  years_NNS  had_VHD  passed_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  expect_VV0  changes_NNS  in_IO  fifty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  change_NN  after_IO  fourteen_MC  years_NNS  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  .  
  a_AT1  plaque_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  site_NN  testified_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  work_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  carried_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  federation_NN  of_IO  demolition_NN  contractors_NNS  .  
  on_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  badge_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  map_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Isles_NPLS  .  
  great_JJ  Britain_NP  and_CC  Ulster_NP  were_VBDR  in_IO  black_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  circumference_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  badge_NN  ,_,  surmounting_VBG  the_AT1  Outer_NP  Hebrides_NP2  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  contractor's_NN1$  crane_NN  .  
  a_AT1  shovel_NN  intersected_VVD  Sligo_NP  and_CC  traversed_VVD  Ireland_NP  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  County_NNL1  Cork_NP  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  emerged_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  ocean_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pick_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  had_VHD  its_APP$  point_NN  curved_VBN  towards_IO  some_DD  coastal_JJ  town_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  Firth_NNL1  of_IO  Forth_NP  .  
  a_AT1  crowbar_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  balance_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  ,_,  floated_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  Channel_NNL1  ,_,  extending_VBG  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  rough_JJ  guess_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Plymouth_NP  to_IO  Brighton_NP  .  
  beneath_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  date_NN  ,_,  1941_MC  ,_,  (_(  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  four_MC  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  beneath_IO  that_DD1  the_AT1  motto_NN  ,_,  resurgam_&FW  .  
  the_AT1  cripple_NN  had_VHD  moved_VBN  off_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  overtook_VVD  him_PPHO1  quickly_RR  ,_,  imagining_VBG  the_AT1  cripple's_NN1$  envy_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  straight_JJ  ,_,  retreating_JJ  legs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  round_RP  .  
  the_AT1  cripple's_NN1$  head_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  always_RR  had_VHD  ,_,  hung_VVD  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  cartoon_NN  Christ's_PPIO2  ,_,  upon_IO  his_APP$  breast_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nearer_RRR  to_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  almost_RR  all_DB  of_IO  Leeds_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  crest_NN  of_IO  Beeston_NP  Hill_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  roofs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  chimneys_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  steeples_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  higher_JJ  civic_JJ  buildings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  clock_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  Town_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  listened_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  attic_NN  bedroom_NN  ,_,  striking_VBG  the_AT1  small_JJ  hours_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  mornings_NNS  immediately_RR  before_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  earth_NN  tremor_NN  could_VM  level_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  landmarks_NNS  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  passed_VBN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Salem_NP  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  Hudson's_PPIO2  Warehouse_NNL1  ,_,  formerly_RR  Wesley_NP  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  gas_NN  cylinders_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  truncated_JJ  pinnacles_NNS  of_IO  Christ_NP  Church_NNL1  .  
  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  these_DD2  had_VHD  become_VBN  insecure_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  constant_JJ  passage_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  and_CC  rapidly_RR  increasing_JJ  traffic_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  danger_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  the_AT1  incumbent_NN  had_VHD  sat_VBN  for_IO  weeks_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  trestle_NN  table_NN  ,_,  with_IO  placards_NNS  ranged_VBN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  fixed_VBN  above_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  porch_NN  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  tinted_JJ  photograph_NN  of_IO  Christ_NP  ,_,  beneath_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  written_VBN  in_IO  white_JJ  capitals_NNS  ,_,  
  come_VV0  unto_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  who_PNQS  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  faded_JJ  figure_NN  held_VVD  out_RP  its_APP$  arms_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  welcome_NN  .  
  an_AT1  appeal_NN  for_IO  renovations_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  fabric_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  *+10,000_NNU  urgently_RR  needed_VBN  .  
  please_UH  give_VV0  generously_RR  .  
  save_VV0  your_APP$  church_NN  .  
  hardly_RR  a_AT1  tithe_NN  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  regard_NN  for_IO  proportion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dangerous_JJ  finials_NNS  and_CC  crockets_NNS  were_VBDR  removed_VBN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  four_MC  stunted_JJ  growths_NNS  of_IO  stone_NN  ,_,  projecting_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  square_JJ  tower_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  them_PPHO1  to_TO  fall_VV0  down_RP  .  
  nearer_RRR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  large_JJ  dome_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  building_NN  ,_,  formerly_RR  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  music_NN  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Cinema_NNL1  ,_,  now_RL  an_AT1  unwanted_JJ  fixture_NN  ,_,  described_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  site_NN  for_IO  future_JB  development_NN  ,_,  becoming_VBG  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  dilapidated_JJ  ,_,  devoid_JJ  of_IO  players_NNS  ,_,  stars_NNS  or_CC  audience_NN  .  
  of_IO  the_AT1  advertisement_NN  board_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  ,_,  between_IO  what_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  two_MC  giant_JJ  tulips_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  remained_VVD  only_RR  the_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  today_NC2  .  
  just_RR  visible_JJ  below_II  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  Palace_NP  Cinema_NNL1  ,_,  formerly_RR  the_AT1  Tabernacle_NNL1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  still_RR  assertive_JJ  .  
  its_APP$  prices_NNS  had_VHD  risen_VBN  ,_,  so_PN1  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  ,_,  from_IO  fourpence_NNS  to_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  six_MC  or_CC  two_MC  and_CC  three_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  risen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  the_AT1  city_NN  was_VBDZ  senile_JJ  too_RR  .  
  let_VV0  the_AT1  everlasting_JJ  stars_NNS  go_VV0  out_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  all_DB  pass_VV0  away_RP  as_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  a_AT1  slow_JJ  driftage_NN  of_IO  stardust_NN  ,_,  crumbled_JJ  brick_NN  and_CC  plaster_NN  ,_,  powdered_JJ  flesh_NN  and_CC  bone_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dentist_NN  had_VHD  his_APP$  surgery_NN  in_IO  Cemetery_NP  Road_NNL1  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  brow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  commanding_JJ  hill_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  congested_JJ  burial_NN  ground_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  left_NN  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  from_IO  seventeen_MC  something_PN1  were_VBDR  laid_VBN  at_IO  rest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  butchers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  publicans_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  wives_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  took_VVD  flowers_NNS  there_RL  almost_RR  every_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  came_VVD  home_NN1  with_IO  the_AT1  stains_NNS  of_IO  clay_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  trouser_NN  knees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  five_MC  sons_NNS  ,_,  now_RL  dispersed_VBN  in_IO  various_JJ  parts_NNS  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  sent_VVD  every_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  with_IO  their_APP$  Christmas_NP  cards_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  subscription_NN  towards_IO  an_AT1  elaborate_JJ  wreath_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  having_VHG  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  tested_VBN  and_CC  found_VBN  wanting_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  fixed_VVD  his_APP$  attention_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  landmarks_NNS  below_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  distract_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  pains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dentist's_NN1$  probe_NN  .  
  four_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  required_VVD  treatment_NN  .  
  three_MC  new_JJ  fillings_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  about_RR  twelve_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  that_PNQS needed_VVD  repair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  tooth_NN  that_PNQS ached_VVD  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  extracted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  just_RR  be_VB0  possible_JJ  to_TO  fill_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  paid_VBN  more_DA  for_IO  a_AT1  filling_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  still_RR  clean_VV0  your_APP$  teeth_NNS  regularly_RR  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  after_IO  every_AT1  meal_NN  .  
    and_CC  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  eat_VV0  sweets_NNS  .  
    no_UH  .  
    or_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  biscuits_NNS  .  
    no_UH  .  
  no_UH  .  
    mm_UH  .  
  your_APP$  teeth_NNS  are_VBR  poorly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  decay_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  you_PPY  nothing_PN1  to_TO  numb_VV0  the_AT1  pain_NN  of_IO  drilling_NN  .  
  no_AT1  cocaine_NN  .  
  no_AT1  laughing_NN  gas_NN  .  
  the_AT1  drill_NN  began_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  heavens_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  higher_JJ  landmarks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  pinched_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  protective_JJ  sheet_NN  .  
  birds_NNS  circled_VVD  within_IO  his_APP$  vision_NN  ,_,  circumscribed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  tilted_JJ  position_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  seagulls_NNS  fleeing_VBG  the_AT1  storms_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  or_CC  the_AT1  Irish_JJ  Sea_NNL1  ,_,  sparrows_NNS  ,_,  starlings_NNS  circling_VBG  the_AT1  stunted_JJ  pinnacles_NNS  of_IO  Christ_NP  Church_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  dome_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  music_NN  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Cinema_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  derelict_NN  ,_,  wheeling_VBG  backwards_RR  and_CC  forwards_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  works_NN  cylinders_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  Salem_NP  Institute_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  nearer_RRR  ,_,  settling_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  houses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  immediately_RR  beneath_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  concentrate_VV0  .  
  transfer_VV0  the_AT1  pain_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  birds_NNS  soar_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  pain_NN  is_VBZ  sharp_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  crumbling_JJ  tooth_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  settle_VV0  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  subdued_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  drill_NN  .  
  the_AT1  drill_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  rise_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  wheel_VV0  and_CC  turn_VV0  ,_,  around_IO  the_AT1  stunted_JJ  pinnacles_NNS  ,_,  poorly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Theatre_NNL1  ,_,  poorly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Queen's_NNSB2  Cinema_NNL1  ,_,  poorly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  derelict_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  excellent_JJ  site_NN  for_IO  future_JB  development_NN  ,_,  for_IO  future_JB  buildings_NNS  ,_,  future_JB  derelicts_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS will_VM  survive_VV0  my_APP$  teeth_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  flesh_NN  and_CC  bone_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS died_VVD  before_CS  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  broken_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS may_VM  survive_VV0  my_APP$  second_MD  or_CC  my_APP$  third_MD  ,_,  their_APP$  first_MD  ,_,  or_CC  be_VB0  demolished_VBN  ,_,  excavated_VBN  ,_,  filled_VBN  ,_,  plucked_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  root_NN  and_CC  all_DB  ,_,  teeth_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  torn_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  their_APP$  roots_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  nameless_JJ  flesh_NN  interred_VBN  in_IO  nameless_JJ  ground_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dead_JJ  to_IO  judgement_NN  torn_VBN  ,_,  Christ_NP  torn_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  tomb_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  roots_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  judgement_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  welcoming_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  faded_JJ  Christ_NP  ,_,  poorly_RR  resistant_JJ  to_IO  decay_NN  .  maiden_NN  offering_NN  .  
  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Mavis_NP  Foreman_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  supported_VVD  the_AT1  dying_JJ  hero's_NN1$  head_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  lap_NN  .  
    have_VH0  no_AT1  fear_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  meet_VV0  again_RR    he_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  .  
  Belinda_NP  smiled_VVD  through_IO  her_APP$  tears_NNS  for_CS  she_PPHO1  too_RR  believed_VVD  that_CS  true_JJ  love_NN  reaches_VBZ  beyond_IO  the_AT1  grave_NN  .  
  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  flourish_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tears_NNS  coursing_VBG  down_IO  my_APP$  cheeks_NNS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  up_RP  triumphantly_RR  into_IO  my_APP$  dressing_NN  table_NN  mirror_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  fifteen_MC  and_CC  have_VH0  just_RR  completed_VBN  my_APP$  first_MD  real_JJ  story_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  written_VBN  it_PPH1  all_DB  sitting_VBG  like_IO  this_DD1  before_IO  my_APP$  mirror_NN  apeing_VBG  every_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  hero_NN  and_CC  heroine_NN  ,_,  sharing_VBG  their_APP$  every_AT1  joy_NN  and_CC  weeping_VBG  at_IO  their_APP$  many_DA  sorrows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  sad_JJ  story_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  stop_NN  crying_VBG  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  good_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  story_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  sad_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  mature_JJ  and_CC  frank_JJ  to_TO  succeed_VV0  these_DD2  days_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  that_CS  mine_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  fearless_JJ  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  heroine_NN  is_VBZ  myself_PPX1  and_CC  the_AT1  hero_NN  ,_,  Ben_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  boy_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  rather_RR  keen_JJ  about_IO  although_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  take_VV0  much_DA  notice_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  bit_NN  older_JJ  ,_,  nearly_RR  twenty_MC  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  story_NN  has_VHZ  two_MC  thousand_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  words_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  because_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  counted_VBN  every_AT1  word_NN    two_MC  thousand_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  !_!  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  must_VM  dry_VV0  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  go_VV0  and_CC  tell_VV0  someone_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  so_RG  excited_JJ  I_PPIS1  just_RR  can_VM  not_XX  stop_VV0  crying_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  reaction_NN  after_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  effort_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  two_MC  days_NNS  since_CS  I_PPIS1  finished_VVD    death_NN  at_IO  sundown_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  happy_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  although_CS  I_PPIS1  still_RR  believe_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  in_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  everyone_PN1  has_VHZ  pulled_VBN  it_PPH1  to_IO  pieces_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  the_AT1  heart_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  Grandpa_NNSB1  advised_VVD  .  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  first_RR  broke_VVD  the_AT1  news_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  very_RG  thrilled_JJ  and_CC  Mother_NNSB1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  must_VM  read_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  them_PPHO1  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  supper_NN  .  
  my_APP$  young_JJ  brother_NN  ,_,  Billy_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  fed_JJ  up_JJ"  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  miss_VV0  his_APP$  serial_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  and_CC  Father_NNSB1  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  all_RR  that_RG  keen_JJ  either_RR  .  
  Mother_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  really_RR  interested_JJ  and_CC  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  Grandpa_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  much_DA  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  nodding_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  Billy_NP  kept_VVD  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_IO  .  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  rip-roaring_JJ  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  spoil_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  my_APP$  Father_NNSB1  looked_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  then_RL  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  writer_NN  ,_,  Julia_NP    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Grandpa_NNSB1  chortled_VVD  .  
    takes_VBZ  after_IO  me_PPIO1    stories_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  dozen_MC  once_RR  and_CC  a_AT1  book_NN    .  
    really_RR  ,_,  Grandpa_NNSB1    ,_,  I_PPIS1  breathed_VVD  .  
    how_CS many_DA  words_NNS  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  fifty_MC  or_CC  sixty_MC  thousand_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  .    
    golly_UH  !_!    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    how_CS many_DA  has_VHZ  yours_PP$  .    said_VVD  Billy_NP  .  
    two_MC  thousand_MC  and_CC  one_MC1  .    
  everyone_PN1  looked_VVD  impressed_VBN  and_CC  Mother_NNSB1  said_VVD  proudly_RR  ,_,  
    Julia_NP  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  clever_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  letter_NN  published_VBN  once_RR  myself_PPX1  in_IO  some_DD  woman's_NN1$  magazine_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  forget_VV0  which_WDTI  one_MC1  .  
  a_AT1  household_NN  hint_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  something_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  pegs_NNS  .    
    pegs_NNS  !_!    said_VVD  Grandpa_NNSB1  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  say_VV0  pegs_NNS  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  pegs_NNS    said_VVD  my_APP$  Mother_NNSB1  crossly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  good_JJ  washday_NN  hint_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  just_RR  what_DDQ  now_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  ten_MC  and_CC  sixpence_NNS  for_IO  it_PPH1  though_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  enough_DD  together_RR  to_TO  send_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  that_DD1  good_JJ  school_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  reminiscently_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    how_CS much_DA  will_VM  Julia_NP  get_VV0  for_IO  hers_PP$  .    Billy_NP  said_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  pay_VV0  quite_DA  a_AT1  bit_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  really_RR  good_JJ  story_NN  ,_,    Grandpa_NNSB1  cut_VVD  in_RP  .  
  Billy_NP  looked_VVD  interested_JJ  .  
    enough_DD  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  record_NN  player_NN  .    
    hm_UH  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  pretty_RR  good_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  that_RG  much_DA  ,_,    Grandpa_NNSB1  said_VVD  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  intrigued_VBN  .  
  even_RR  Father_NNSB1  seemed_VVD  quite_RR  keen_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  after_IO  supper_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  all_DB  settled_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  the_AT1  tale_NN  out_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  much_DA  dramatic_JJ  feeling_NN  and_CC  ,_,  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  tears_NNS  in_IO  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  sad_JJ  ending_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  managed_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  tumbling_VBG  down_IO  my_APP$  cheeks_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  silence_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  finished_VVD  and_CC  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  that_CS  all_DB  their_APP$  hearts_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  full_JJ  to_TO  speak_VV0  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  all_DB  said_VVD  together_RR  ,_,      yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  good_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  good_JJ  ,_,    and_CC  Grandpa_NNSB1  added_VVD  ,_,  
    a_AT1  stout_JJ  effort_NN  .    
  only_RR  Billy_NP  remained_VVD  quiet_JJ  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  pointedly_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  silly_JJ  film_NN  we_PPIS2  saw_VVD  last_DA  week_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  smashing_JJ  cowboy_NN  one_MC1  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  too_RG  young_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  haughtily_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  written_VBN  for_IO  grown_NNS  ups_NNS"  ,_,  not_XX  boys_NNS  of_IO  nine_MC  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  .    
    they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  time_NN  making_VBG  passionate_JJ  love_NN  ,_,    Billy_NP  said_VVD  .  
  Mother_NNSB1  coughed_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  perhaps_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  .    she_PPHO1  tailed_VVD  off_RP  lamely_RR  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  Mother_NNSB1    I_PPIS1  flared_VVD  ,_,    everything_PN1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  like_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  or_CC  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  chance_NN    risque*?2_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Father_NNSB1  grunted_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  caught_VBN  their_APP$  deaths_NNS  of_IO  cold_NN  lying_VBG  about_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  snow_NN  like_IO  that_DD1    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  snowing_VBG  then_RL  .    
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  said_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  his_APP$    red_JJ  blood_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  snow_NN    .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  day_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  cross_JJ  now_RL  and_CC  slightly_RR  disheartened_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  further_JB  silence_NN  ;_;  then_RL  Father_NNSB1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  there_EX  are_VBR  several_DA  bits_NNS  regarding_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  that_PNQS just_RR  would_VM  not_XX  happen_VV0      
  Grandpa_NNSB1  cut_VVD  in_RP  quickly_RR  ,_,  
    that_DD1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  story_NN  .  
  one_MC1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  expect_VV0  one_MC1  hundred_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  accuracy_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  tale_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  that_DD1  .    
    in_IO  one_MC1  bit_NN  you_PPY  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  maiden_NN  of_IO  twenty_MC  and_CC  then_RL  later_RRR  you_PPY  say_VV0  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  squint_NN  ,_,    Billy_NP  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  glared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  furiously_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  cross-eyed_JJ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  .    
    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  wide-eyed_JJ  .  
  all_DB  innocent_JJ  maidens_NNS  are_VBR  wide-eyed_JJ  .    
    she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  behave_VV0  like_IO  an_AT1  innocent_JJ  maiden_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  my_APP$  Mother_NNSB1  mildly_RR  .  
  suddenly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  had_VHN  enough_DD  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  gulp_NN  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  ran_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  story_NN  clasped_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  breast_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tears_NNS  came_VVD  angrily_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  again_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  slammed_VVD  my_APP$  bedroom_NN  door_NN  .  
  why_CS could_VM  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  left_VBN  it_PPH1  alone_JJ  ,_,  saying_VBG  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  then_RL  pulling_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  pieces_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  seem_VV0  right_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  alter_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  fit_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  criticisms_NNS  .  
  then_RL  Grandpa_NNSB1  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  knock_VV0  as_CS  he_PPHO1  usually_RR  does_VBZ  ,_,  just_RR  walked_VVD  straight_RR  in_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  stared_VVD  out_RP  not_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  not_XX  saying_VBG  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  gazed_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  dear_JJ  old_JJ  back_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shabby_JJ  ,_,  tweed_NN  suit_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  funny_JJ  little_JJ  bald_JJ  patch_NN  peeping_VBG  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  tufts_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  bit_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  poached_JJ  egg_NN  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  irrelevantly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  sadly_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  alter_VV0  it_PPH1  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  suggested_VVD  .    
  Grandpa_NNSB1  flew_VVD  round_RP  then_RL  his_APP$  old_JJ  face_NN  shining_VBG  and_CC  red_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  no_AT1  such_DA  thing_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  your_APP$  story_NN  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  be_VB0  child_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  very_RG  own_DA  creation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  fair_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  fair_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  use_VV0  my_APP$  typewriter_NN  to_TO  type_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .    
  my_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  full_JJ  for_IO  words_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  an_AT1  honour_NN  !_!  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  typed_VVD  my_APP$  story_NN  on_IO  Grandpa's_NNSB2  typewriter_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  old_JJ  typewriter_NN  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  keys_NNS  are_VBR  rather_RR  crooked_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  only_RR  type_VV0  very_RG  slowly_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_DA  a_AT1  beginner_NN  so_CS  it_PPH1  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_DA  few_DA  mistakes_NNS  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  altered_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  in_IO  red_JJ  ink_NN  and_CC  Grandpa_NNSB1  says_VBZ  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_NN  how_CS badly_RR  a_AT1  story_NN  is_VBZ  typed_VBN  ;_;  if_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  real_JJ  merit_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  sell_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  moment_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  pushed_VVD  the_AT1  paper_NN  clip_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  pages_NNS  and_CC  folded_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  foolscap_NN  envelope_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  another_DD1  in_RP  with_IO  my_APP$  name_NN  and_CC  address_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  just_RR  in_IO  case_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  published_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  just_RR  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  .  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  walking_VBG  on_IO  air_NN  imagining_VBG  my_APP$  story_NN  printed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  magazine_NN    
  death_NN  at_IO  sundown_NN  .  
  by_IO  Julia_NP  Lane_NNL1  .  
  then_RL  this_DD1  morning_NN  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  plump_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  letters_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  mat_NN  and_CC  somehow_RR  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  immediately_RR  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  moment_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  raced_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  quick_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Grandpa_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  before_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  straightening_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  foolscap_NN  envelope_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  my_APP$  own_DA  writing_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  room_NN  .    Grandpa_NNSB1  said_VVD  very_RG  quietly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  aching_JJ  heart_NN  ;_;  all_DB  the_AT1  life_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  drained_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  Grandpa_NNSB1  sat_VVD  down_RP  slowly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  return_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  bit_VVD  my_APP$  lip_NN  miserably_RR  and_CC  nodded_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  too_RG  much_RR  ,_,    Grandpa_NNSB1  said_VVD  .  
    even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  famous_JJ  writers_NNS  started_VVD  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  some_DD  have_VH0  years_NNS  and_CC  years_NNS  of_IO  frustration_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  make_VV0  the_AT1  grade_NN  .  
  some_DD  never_RR  do_VD0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    shall_VM  I_PPIS1  open_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  nodded_VVD  dumbly_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  slit_VVD  the_AT1  envelope_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  there_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  my_APP$  beautiful_JJ  story_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  paper_NN  clip_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  myself_PPX1  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  pillows_NNS  beside_IO  Grandpa_NNSB1  and_CC  sobbed_VVD  my_APP$  heart_NN  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  me_PPIO1  cry_VV0  for_IO  a_DA  little_DA  then_RL  tugged_VVD  me_PPIO1  upright_JJ  and_CC  handed_VVD  me_PPIO1  his_APP$  handkerchief_NN  .  
    blow_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  commanded_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  so_PN1  and_CC  felt_VVD  better_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  this_DD1  beat_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    try_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  write_VV0  something_PN1  better_JJ  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  little_JJ  envelope_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  publisher's_NN1$  name_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  in_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  worth_IO  while_NN  .  
  and_CC  look_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  up_RP  my_APP$  story_NN  ,_,    your_APP$  very_RG  first_MD  rejection_NN  slip_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  from_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  read_VVD  ,_,  
  the_AT1  editor_NN  thanks_VBZ  you_PPY  for_IO  submitting_VBG  the_AT1  enclosed_JJ  \0MS_NN  but_CCB  regrets_VBZ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    he_PPHO1  thanked_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  in_IO  wonder_NN  ,_,    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  nice_JJ  .    
  Grandpa_NNSB1  nodded_VVD  thoughtfully_RR  .  
    keep_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    one_MC1  day_NN  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  laugh_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  up_IO  the_AT1  Elephant_NP  .  
  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Roy_NP  Boardman_NP  .  
  after_IO  tea_NN  Mum_NNSB1  and_CC  Dad_NNSB1  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  look_NN  they_PPHS2  always_RR  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  after_IO  our_APP$  first_MD  meal_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  to_IO  London_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  college_NN  term_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  action_NN  and_CC  conversation_NN  followed_VVD  the_AT1  usual_JJ  pattern_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  yawned_VVD  ,_,  surveyed_VVD  the_AT1  cramped_JJ  room_NN    the_AT1  littered_JJ  table_NN  ,_,  two_MC  armchairs_NNS  ,_,  old_JJ  football_NN  pools_NNS  and_CC  bills_NNS  stuffed_VBN  behind_IO  the_AT1  alarm_NN  clock_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  dominating_JJ  television_NN  screen_NN    and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  and_CC  let_VV0  everyone_PN1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  back_RP  .    
    where_CS you_PPY  goin'_VBG  ,_,  son_NN  .    asked_VVD  Mum_NNSB1  .  
    up_IO  the_AT1  Elephant_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  look_VV0  after_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  son_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Dad_NNSB1  lighting_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  hand-rolled_JJ  cigarettes_NNS  and_CC  leaning_VBG  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  striped_JJ  braces_NNS  straining_VBG  over_IO  his_APP$  striped_JJ  shirt_NN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Elephant_NP  and_CC  Castle_NNL1  's_VBZ  like_IO  .  
  mind_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  get_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  nothing_PN1  .    
    I_PPIS1  might_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  Pete_NP  .    
  Pete_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1    nice_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN    Mum_NNSB1  approved_VVD  of_IO  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  contemporaries_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  secondary_JJ  school_NN  until_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  college_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  into_IO  local_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  nice_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Mum_NNSB1  hoping_VBG  to_TO  begin_VV0  a_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  jacket_NN  on_RP  and_CC  my_APP$  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  doorknob_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  see_VV0  you_PPY  later_RRR  .    
    nice_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  'ave_VH0  dropped_VBN  in_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Dad_NNSB1  with_IO  terrible_JJ  sarcasm_NN  .  
    come_VV0  again_RR  sometime_RR  .    
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  knob_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  telly_NN  click_VV0  as_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  a_AT1  blast_NN  of_IO  music_NN  hit_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  twilight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  street_NN  was_VBDZ  deserted_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  lights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  regular_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  houses_NNS  that_PNQS enclosed_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  telly_NN  time_NN  for_IO  everyone_PN1  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  knife-edges_NNS  of_IO  light_NN  slit_VVD  the_AT1  shrouded_JJ  sky_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  doorstep_NN  a_AT1  while_NN  watching_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  decide_VV0  where_CS to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  Pete_NP  certainly_RR  did_VDD  n't_XX  attract_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  the_AT1  conversation_NN  would_VM  die_VV0  too_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  someone_PN1  .  
  every_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  from_IO  college_NN  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  known_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  re-evaluate_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  feel_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  desires_NNS  .  all_DB  the_AT1  girls_NNS  love_VV0  a_AT1  scholar_NN  .  
  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Malcolm_NP  Bradbury_NP  .  
  one_MC1  fine_JJ  day_NN  in_IO  late_JJ  August_NN1  ,_,  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  on_RP  some_DD  clean_JJ  socks_NNS  ,_,  pressed_VVD  my_APP$  trousers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  downs_NNS  to_IO  Southampton_NP  ,_,  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  take_VV0  ship_NN  for_IO  America_NP  .  
  after_CS  governmental_JJ  minions_NNS  had_VHD  knotted_VBN  my_APP$  suits_NNS  together_RR  and_CC  counted_VBN  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  wallet_NN  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  pretext_NN  of_IO  facilitating_VBG  my_APP$  embarkation_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  out_RP  onto_IO  the_AT1  dock_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  the_AT1  \0R.M.S_NP  Grand_NP  Cham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  huge_JJ  wedding_NN  cake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ship_NN  ,_,  sturdy_JJ  yet_CF  pleasantly_RR  worn_VBN  after_IO  yeoman_NN  service_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  transatlantic_JJ  run_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  paused_VVD  and_CC  scratched_VVD  my_APP$  ear_NN  ,_,  touched_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  America_NP  ,_,  safe_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  titan_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deep_NN    and_CC  what_DDQ  leisurely_JJ  ,_,  playful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  possibly_RR  lascivious_JJ  hours_NNS  lay_VVD  before_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  up_RP  my_APP$  hand_NN  baggage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  consisted_VVD  of_IO  a_AT1  portable_JJ  typewriter_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  briefcase_NN  containing_VBG  a_AT1  full-size_JB  x-ray_NN  photograph_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  chest_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  crisp_JJ  mint_NN  copy_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  Master's_NNSB2  thesis_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  influence_NN  of_IO  Dryden_NP  on_IO  anybody_PN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  just_RR  completed_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  fresh_JJ  from_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  research_NN  ,_,  spent_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  stone_NN  pillars_NNS  and_CC  solemnly_RR  dedicated_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  essentially_RR  a_AT1  provincial_JJ  lad_NN  ,_,  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  ,_,  unwieldy_JJ  City_NNL1  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  place_NN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  small_JJ  red_JJ  trains_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  London_NP  underground_NN  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  Tottenham_NP  Court_NNL1  Road_NNL1  station_NN  and_CC  emerge_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  grey_JJ  heady_JJ  airs_NNS  of_IO  Bloomsbury_NP  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  would_VM  wend_VV0  my_APP$  way_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  bookshops_NNS  ,_,  publishers'_NN2  offices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  espresso_NN  bars_NNS  ,_,  taking_VBG  care_NN  not_XX  to_TO  go_VV0  off_IO  course_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  void_NN  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  room_NN  ,_,  where_CS solid_JJ  silence_NN  was_VBDZ  packed_VBN  hard_JJ  and_CC  green_JJ  up_RP  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  bowl_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dome_NN  ,_,  and_CC  walk_VV0  over_RP  ,_,  always_RR  ,_,  to_IO  desk_NN  D-4_ZZ1  .  
  (_(  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ,_,  people_NNS  knew_VVD  that_CS  D-4_ZZ1  and_CC  Bradbury_NP  went_VVD  together_RR  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  exclusive_JJ  club_NN  .  )_)  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  settle_VV0  down_RP  there_RL  amid_IO  the_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  leather_NN  bindings_NNS  and_CC  leather_NN  desks_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  strange_JJ  aromas_NNS  of_IO  unguents_NNS  worn_VBN  by_IO  middle_JB  European_JJ  e*?2migre*?2s_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS notoriously_RR  used_VVD  to_TO  repair_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  to_TO  write_VV0  seditious_JJ  pamphlets_NNS  .  
  sometimes_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  basement_NN  lavatory_NN  ,_,  where_CS small_JJ  men_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  washing_VBG  their_APP$  hats_NNS  .  
  such_DA  eccentricities_NNS  were_VBDR  commonplace_JJ  in_IO  this_DD1  high_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  scholarship_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  now_RL  frequented_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  urbanity_NN  grew_VVD  daily_RR  .  
  so_RR  this_DD1  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  was_VBDZ  living_VBG  .  
  at_IO  eleven_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  go_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  coffee_NN  ;_;  at_IO  twelve-thirty_MC  for_IO  lunch_NN  ;_;  and_CC  at_IO  three-fifteen_MC  for_IO  tea_NN  .  
  in_IO  these_DD2  interstices_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  conducted_VVD  a_AT1  love_NN  affair_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  ,_,  flamboyant_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  rather_RR  rich_JJ  girl_NN  from_IO  Sheffield_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  also_RR  writing_VBG  a_AT1  thesis_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  save_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  daytime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  our_APP$  relationship_NN  was_VBDZ  conducted_VBN  largely_RR  by_IO  correspondence_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  museum_NN  .  
  notes_NNS  would_VM  arrive_VV0  saying_VBG  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  mad_JJ  at_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  said_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VM  have_VH0  lunch_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  yesterday_NN1  .    
  notes_NNS  would_VM  leave_VV0  saying_VBG  
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  tutor_NN  came_VVD  .  
  (_(  my_APP$  tutor_NN  would_VM  often_RR  pop_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  would_VM  retire_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  teashop_NN  ,_,  eat_VV0  buns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  discuss_VV0  my_APP$  thesis_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  feeding_VBG  crumbs_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  mice_NNS  that_PNQS kept_VVD  appearing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  wainscoting_NN  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  how_CS about_IO  today_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  your_APP$  friend_NN  .    
  when_CS I_PPIS1  accepted_VVD  a_AT1  fellowship_NN  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  notes_NNS  came_VVD  thick_RR  and_CC  fast_RR  ;_;  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  mad_JJ  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  that_DD1  day_NN  taken_VBN  my_APP$  thesis_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  bookbinder_NN  up_IO  Gower_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  hit_VBN  the_AT1  edges_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  hammer_NN  and_CC  put_VBN  a_AT1  binding_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  very_RG  proud_JJ  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  to_IO  dinner_NN  in_IO  Soho_NP  ,_,  then_RL  to_IO  a_AT1  theatre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  home_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  underground_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  bench_NN  in_IO  some_DD  gardens_NNS  near_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sign_NN  saying_VBG    hovis_NC2    kept_VVD  flashing_VBG  at_IO  us_PPIO2   from_IO  across_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  seat_NN  was_VBDZ  wet_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ants_NNS  kept_VVD  taking_VBG  things_NNS  back_RP  and_CC  forth_RP  along_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  mind_VV0  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  ushered_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  her_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  promised_VVD  never_RR  to_TO  forget_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  off_RP  to_IO  America_NP  to_TO  face_VV0  a_AT1  more_RG  rigorous_JJ  re*?2gime_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  west_NN1  to_TO  teach_VV0  a_AT1  course_NN  on_IO  gross_JJ  illiteracies_NNS  to_IO  freshmen_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  gross_JJ  illiteracies_NNS  did_VDD  n't_XX  sound_VV0  very_RG  interesting_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  included_VVD  such_DA  deviations_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  unjustifiable_JJ  dangling_JJ  modifier_NN    (_(    if_CS  thoroughly_RR  stewed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  patients_NNS  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  our_APP$  prunes_NNS    )_)  and_CC  the_AT1  fused_JJ  sentence_NN    (_(    his_APP$  bus_NN  was_VBDZ  late_JJ  he_PPHO1  missed_VVD  his_APP$  train_NN    )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  finished_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  cosmopolitan_JJ  gentlemanly_JJ  days_NNS  of_IO  English_JJ  research_NN  ;_;  no_AT1  more_DA  men_NNS  washing_VBG  their_APP$  hats_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  eccentrics_NNS  talking_VBG  on_IO  economic_JJ  theory_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stone_NN  lions_NNS  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  research_NN  work_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  take_VV0  courses_NNS  and_CC  acquire_VV0  credits_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  degree_NN  .  
  but_CCB  first_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  myself_PPX1  ,_,  forget_VV0  scholarship_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  academic_JJ  life_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  :_:  revel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  joys_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  cruise_NN  .  
  flunkies_NNS  ushered_VVD  me_PPIO1  aboard_IO  the_AT1  Grand_NP  Cham_NP  ,_,  and_CC  eventually_RR  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  my_APP$  cabin_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  cabin_NN  ,_,  no_RR  bigger_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  good-sized_JJ  coffin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  four_MC  berths_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  communal_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  drawers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  hand_NN  basin_NN  about_RR  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bowl_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  pipe_NN  .  
  my_APP$  three_MC  cabin_NN  mates_NNS  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  already_RR  ;_;  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  long-faced_JJ  ,_,  dark-haired_JJ  English_JJ  youths_NNS  who_PNQS looked_VVD  exactly_RR  like_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  package_NN  from_IO  Interflora_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  white_JJ  heather_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  girl_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  card_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  your_APP$  friend_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  then_RL  began_VVD  to_TO  unpack_VV0  my_APP$  briefcase_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  lifted_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  x-ray_NN  photograph_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  thesis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  carried_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  convenient_JJ  shelf_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  a_AT1  curious_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  already_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  shelf_NN  ,_,  there_EX  lay_VVD  three_MC  x-ray_NN  photographs_NNS  and_CC  three_MC  fat_JJ  Master's_NNSB2  theses_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  my_APP$  cabin_NN  mates_NNS  inquiringly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  nodded_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  errand_NN  .  
  bursting_VBG  with_IO  bonhomie_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  table_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  and_CC  talked_VBN  about_IO  Dryden_NP  and_CC  George_NP  Eliot_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  \0F_NP  \0R_NP  Leavis_NP  .  
  suddenly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  pause_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  conversation_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  observed_VVD  something_PN1  strange_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  table_NN  were_VBDR  also_RR  talking_VBG  about_IO  Dryden_NP  and_CC  George_NP  Eliot_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  criticism_NN  of_IO  \0F_NP  \0R_NP  Leavis_NP  .  
  so_PN1  were_VBDR  the_AT1  people_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  beyond_IO  that_DD1  .  
  soon_RR  everyone_PN1  was_VBDZ  turning_VBG  round_RP  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  everyone_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  quickly_RR  became_VVD  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  vessel_NN  was_VBDZ  largely_RR  given_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  American_JJ  intellectuals_NNS  returning_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  stint_NN  in_IO  Rome_NP  or_CC  Paris_NP  or_CC  London_NP  and_CC  English_JJ  intellectuals_NNS  going_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  stint_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Folger_NP  or_CC  to_IO  Stanford_NP  or_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  palaces_NNS  of_IO  cultivation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  west_NN1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  English-speaking_JJ  union_NN  fellows_NNS  ,_,  commonwealth_NN  fund_NN  fellows_NNS  ,_,  Henry_NP  fellows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Jane_NP  Eliza_NP  Procter_NP  visiting_JJ  fellows_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  Guggenheims_NP2  and_CC  Rockefellers_NP2  ,_,  Fords_NP2  and_CC  Gulbenkians_NP2  .  
    my_APP$  goodness_NN  ,_,    remarked_VVD  someone_PN1  ,_,    what_DDQ  a_AT1  blow_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  intelligence_NN  if_CS  this_DD1  ship_NN  should_VM  sink_VV0  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sobering_JJ  thought_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  ,_,  someone_PN1  else_RR  suggested_VVD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  shared_VBN  out_RP  among_IO  several_DA  vessels_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  should_VM  survive_VV0  .  
  as_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  cabin_NN  mates_NNS  remarked_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  incidence_NN  of_IO  scholars_NNS  was_VBDZ  more_RR  than_RR  random_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  statistically_RR  significant_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  historians_NNS  of_IO  race_NN  migration_NN  have_VH0  missed_VBN  this_DD1  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  thesis_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  hastened_VVD  to_TO  assure_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  with_IO  a_AT1  passenger_NN  list_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sort_NN  no_AT1  potential_JJ  subject_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  thesis_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  likely_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  begging_VBG  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  good_JJ  !_!    said_VVD  my_APP$  companion_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  relieved_JJ  .  
  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  really_RR  my_APP$  field_NN  .    
  already_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  suspect_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  passenger_NN  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vessel_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  my_APP$  field_NN  either_RR  ,_,  and_CC  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  or_CC  two_MC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  but_CS  feel_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  claustrophobic_JJ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_DA  few_DA  passengers_NNS  without_IO  even_RR  their_APP$  Master's_NNSB2  degrees_NNS  ,_,  going_VBG  to_TO  visit_VV0  relatives_NNS  or_CC  get_VV0  married_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  states_NP  ,_,  or_CC  returning_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  you_PPY  saw_VVD  them_PPHO1  occasionally_RR  ,_,  walking_VBG  about_RP  defiantly_RR  carrying_VBG  copies_NNS  of_IO  novels_NNS  by_IO  Nevil_NP  Shute_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  ,_,  never_RR  let_VVD  them_PPHO1  go_VV0  by_RP  without_IO  sparing_VBG  them_PPHO1  a_DA  few_DA  kindly_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  by_RR  and_RR  large_RR  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  gathered_VVD  in_IO  groups_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  deck_NN  each_DD1  day_NN  in_IO  informal_JJ  seminars_NNS  ,_,  keeping_VBG  alive_JJ  the_AT1  tradition_NN  of_IO  academic_JJ  debate_NN  during_IO  this_DD1  tough_JJ  ,_,  fallow_JJ  spell_NN  while_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  a_AT1  university_NN  and_CC  out_RP  under_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  sky_NN  .  
  one_MC1  evening_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  roommates_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  in_IO  our_APP$  cabin_NN  deluging_VBG  our_APP$  nostrils_NNS  with_IO  heather_NN  pollen_NN  when_CS there_EX  came_VVD  a_AT1  tap_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  young_JJ  American_JJ  scholar_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  already_RR  met_VBN  (_(  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Swinburne_NP  man_NN  )_)  entered_VVD  .  
    hi_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  said_VVD      hi_UH    back_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  meeting_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  and_CC  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  decided_VBN  to_TO  formalise_VV0  the_AT1  discussions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  deck_NN  by_IO  holding_VBG  daily_JJ  seminars_NNS  devoted_VBN  to_IO  comparisons_NNS  of_IO  American_JJ  and_CC  European_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  thought_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  keep_VV0  our_APP$  minds_NNS  from_IO  rusting_VBG  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  serve_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1  orientation_NN  programme_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  unfamiliar_JJ  with_IO  various_JJ  lands_NNS  .  
  people_NNS  would_VM  contribute_VV0  papers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  discussion_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  encouraged_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  opportunity_NN  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  go_VV0  by_RP  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  admit_VV0  ,_,  one_MC1  painful_JJ  drawback_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  n't_XX  authorised_VBN  to_TO  award_VV0  credits_NNS  toward_IO  any_DD  degree_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  this_DD1  should_VM  stand_VV0  in_IO  our_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  hope_VV0  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  deter_VV0  you_PPY  from_IO  coming_VBG  .    
  we_PPIS2  congratulated_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  being_VBG  so_RR  infected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  joy_NN  of_IO  pure_JJ  scholarship_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thanked_VVD  us_PPIO2   and_CC  adjured_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  be_VB0  present_JJ  at_IO  ten-thirty_MC  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  strange_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  possibly_RR  a_AT1  decline_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  metabolism_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  quite_RR  relish_VV0  the_AT1  prospect_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  eminent_JJ  professor_NN  from_IO  Emmanuel_NP  College_NNL1  ,_,  Cambridge_NP  ,_,  gave_VVD  a_AT1  paper_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cheapest_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  potatoes_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  discussion_NN  about_IO  how_CS to_TO  get_VV0  off_IO  a_AT1  turnpike_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  states_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  searching_JJ  stuff_NN  ,_,  well_RR  presented_VBN  and_CC  well_RR  delivered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  showing_VBG  the_AT1  stamp_NN  of_IO  original_JJ  minds_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  somehow_RR  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  Swinburne_NP  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO  general_JJ  charge_NN  ,_,  assigned_VVD  us_PPIO2   Moby_NP  Dick_NP  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  read_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  class_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  almost_RR  rather_RR  take_VV0  an_AT1  incomplete_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  .  
  fortunately_RR  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  my_APP$  fears_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  bested_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  debate_NN  on_IO  Melville_NP  were_VBDR  relieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  chance_JB  encounter_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  elegantly_RR  proportioned_VVD  American_JJ  nurse_NN  ,_,  tanned_VBN  as_RG  brown_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  berry_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  two-month_JB  tour_NN  of_IO  Italy_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  business_NN  being_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  with_IO  so_RG  much_DA  reading_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  call_VV0  on_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  quiz_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  on_IO  this_DD1  unqualified_JJ  specimen_NN  of_IO  American_JJ  womanhood_NN  ,_,  charming_JJ  even_RR  without_IO  her_APP$  \0M.A_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  spiritually_RR  closer_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  than_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  to_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  scholar_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_RR  short_RR  ,_,  tempted_VBN  into_IO  silken_JJ  dalliance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  knowledge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  all_DB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  Weltanschauung_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  female_NN  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  egged_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  my_APP$  course_NN  of_IO  study_NN  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  modest_JJ  and_CC  provincial_JJ  English_JJ  youth_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  companion_NN  seemed_VVD  inclined_VBN  to_TO  thaw_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  so_RG  polite_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  cute_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  snow_VV0  an_AT1  American_JJ  girl_NN  that_DD1  way_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  how_CS to_TO  snow_VV0  an_AT1  American_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  Swinburne_NP  man_NN  appeared_VVD  .  
    say_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  missed_VVD  you_PPY  today_NN1  .    
  I_PPIS1  apologised_VVD  for_IO  my_APP$  absence_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  great_JJ  class_NN  on_IO  how_CS to_TO  use_VV0  an_AT1  Automat_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    then_RL  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  guys_NNS  in_IO  your_APP$  cabin_NN  talked_VVD  about_IO  how_CS to_TO  get_VV0  shillings_NNS  to_TO  put_VV0  into_IO  English_JJ  gas_NN  meters_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  interesting_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  I_PPIS1  missed_VVD  it_PPH1  .    
  next_DA  morning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Swinburne_NP  man_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  our_APP$  cabin_NN  early_RR  ,_,  looking_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  most_RG  surely_RR  have_VH0  joined_VBN  the_AT1  group_NN  that_DD1  day_NN  were_VBDR  I_PPIS1  not_XX  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  project_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  trifle_NN  dejected_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  project_NN  came_VVD  along_RP  shortly_RR  afterward_RR  from_IO  her_APP$  cabin_NN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  putting_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  swimsuit_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  pool_NN  .  the_AT1  stile_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mirror_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  bevelled_JJ  edge_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  by_IO  tilting_VBG  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  cut_VV0  his_APP$  eye_NN  in_IO  half_DB  quite_RR  painlessly_RR  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  three_MC  eyes_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  harelip_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  squared_VVD  the_AT1  mirror_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  a_AT1  cruel_JJ  gesture_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  then_RL  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  more_DA  hair_NN  than_IO  Falkirk_NP  yet_RR  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  some_DD  flecks_NNS  of_IO  scurf_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  combing_VBG  his_APP$  parting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  worry_VV0  about_IO  that_DD1  instead_RR  .  
  the_AT1  waiting_NN  was_VBDZ  intolerable_JJ  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  should_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  .  
  the_AT1  bed_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  secure_JJ  island_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  immune_JJ  from_IO  time_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS before_IO  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  school_NN  ,_,  or_CC  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  as_CS  now_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  set_VV0  aside_RP  a_AT1  whole_JJ  hour_NN  for_IO  lying_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rational_JJ  device_NN  for_IO  delaying_VBG  fear_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  panicked_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  panicking_VBG  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  say_VV0  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  still_RR  the_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  excuse_NN  for_IO  worrying_VBG  before_IO  the_AT1  hour_NN  .    
  the_AT1  strategem_NN  never_RR  worked_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  still_RR  enforced_VVD  it_PPH1  rigidly_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  hour_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  thinking_VBG  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  silly_JJ  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  blue_JJ  suit_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  ridiculous_JJ  patent-leather_JB  shoes_NNS  with_IO  silver_NN  buckles_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  strained_VVD  his_APP$  ears_NNS  to_TO  hear_VV0  his_APP$  mother_NN  backing_VBG  the_AT1  car_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ;_;  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  his_APP$  breathing_NN  coming_VBG  faster_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  thought_NN  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  bit_VVD  his_APP$  lip_NN  and_CC  cut_VVD  his_APP$  eye_NN  in_IO  half_DB  again_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  rather_RR  wished_VVD  the_AT1  down_NN  would_VM  disappear_VV0  altogether_RR  .  
  last_DA  term_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  bad_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  their_APP$  voices_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  ears_NNS  like_IO  trapped_JJ  bees_NNS  .  
    Morton_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  forest_NN  !_!    
    with_IO  a_AT1  waterfall_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    
    Morton_NP  !_!  
  Morton_NP  !_!  
  Morton_NP  !_!    
    look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Jelly_NP  Roll_NP  !_!    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  precocious_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  carefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  aloud_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  ceiling_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  away_RP  wearily_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  voices_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  dazedly_RR  whether_CS  the_AT1  term_NN  after_IO  next_DA  at_IO  his_APP$  new_JJ  school_NN  everyone_PN1  would_VM  have_VH0  hairy_JJ  dings_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  matter_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  if_CS  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  fell_VVD  off_RP  tonight_NN1  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  girls_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  started_VVD  shouting_VBG  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  reversed_VVD  the_AT1  mirror_NN  quickly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  an_AT1  additional_JJ  safeguard_NN  closed_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  easy_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  pretend_VV0  :_:  in_IO  no_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  what_DDQ  about_IO  the_AT1  doctor_NN  at_IO  last_DA  term's_NN1$  medical_JJ  inspection_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  wondering_VBG  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
    stand_VV0  up_RP  straight_JJ  much_RR  .    the_AT1  doctor_NN  asked_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  tapping_VBG  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  tongue-depressor_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  Peter_NP  drew_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  attention_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Sir_NNSB1  .    
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  call_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_DD1  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  manners_NNS  .  
    play_VV0  about_RP  a_AT1  bit_NN  .    the_AT1  doctor_NN  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  absent-mindedly_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  cleaning_VBG  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  tongue_NN  depressor_NN  now_RL  ;_;  then_RL  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  that_DD1  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  fingernails_NNS  .  
    football_NN  practice_NN  .    
  Peter_NP  shrugged_VVD  .  
    and_CC  camp-fires_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  woods_NNS  mostly_RR  .    
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  boy_NN  ,_,  wondering_VBG  why_CS the_AT1  matron_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  usually_RR  helping_VBG  the_AT1  doctor_NN  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  backing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  panicked_VVD  .  
  leaping_VBG  off_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  he_PPHO1  scrabbled_VVD  through_IO  his_APP$  drawers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  something_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  people_NNS  .  
  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  grabbed_VVD  his_APP$  bullet_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  his_APP$  hairbrush_NN  .  
  at_IO  school_NN  boys_NNS  hit_VVD  their_APP$  chests_NNS  with_IO  hairbrushes_NNS  to_TO  look_VV0  like_IO  measles_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  hand_NN  hovered_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  brush_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  would_VM  see_VV0  through_IO  it_PPH1  though_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  start_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  speeches_NNS  about_IO  ,_,    when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shy_JJ  lad_NN  ,_,  Peter-son_NN  .    
  then_RL  his_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  pretty_JJ  little_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  people_NNS  love_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  be_VB0  brave_JJ  ,_,  lamb_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  shuddered_VVD  ,_,  feeling_VBG  weaker_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  a_AT1  tough_JJ  ,_,  twisted_JJ  face_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  its_APP$  contours_NNS  carefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  determined_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  there_RL  all_DB  evening_NN  .  
  no_UH  ;_;  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  Rosemary_NP  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  thinking_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  ding_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  scurf_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hair_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  legs_NNS  might_VM  melt_VV0  away_RP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  her_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  could_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  though_RR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  walk_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  knuckles_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  artist_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  Gallery_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  Rosemary_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  picture_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  come_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  his_APP$  legs_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  sharp_JJ  trousers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  only_RR  shook_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  cotton_NN  sails_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  Firefly_NP  when_CS the_AT1  wind_NN  veered_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  his_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  dotty_JJ  parties_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  practicing_VBG  dotty_JJ  remarks_NNS  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  practicing_VBG  smoking_VBG  cigarettes_NNS  too_RR  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  only_RR  smoked_VVD  them_PPHO1  at_IO  parties_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  casual_JJ  ;_;  even_RR  bored_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  .  
  if_CS  his_APP$  mother_NN  knew_VVD  about_IO  Rosemary_NP  he_PPHO1  would_VM  probably_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  wear_VV0  a_AT1  paper_NN  bag_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ;_;  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  fall_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  first_RR  and_CC  get_VV0  crushed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  death_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  two_MC  .  
  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  moved_VVD  from_IO  pocket_NN  to_IO  pocket_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stiff_JJ  new_JJ  suit_NN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  the_AT1  live_JJ  bullet_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  it_PPH1  against_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  prayed_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  scratched_VVD  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  soft_JJ  pimple_NN  of_IO  lead_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  go_VV0  off_RP  .  
    Peter_NP  is_VBZ  dead_JJ  ,_,    his_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  say_VV0  .  
    if_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  spare_JJ  sausages_NNS  and_CC  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  Rosemary_NP  will_VM  like_VV0  them_PPHO1  cold_JJ  for_IO  lunch_NN  tomorrow_NN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  Rosemary's_PPIO2  house_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  real_JJ  existence_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  real_JJ  place_NN  like_IO  his_APP$  flannel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  ,_,  or_CC  his_APP$  bicycle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shed_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  how_CS his_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  going_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  straight_JJ  line_NN  for_IO  very_RG  long_RR  ,_,  as_CS  other_DA  cars_NNS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  managed_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  he_PPHO1  lurched_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  door_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  bullet_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  go_VV0  off_RP  .  
    tipsy_JJ  taxi_NN  ,_,    his_APP$  mother_NN  called_VVD  happily_RR  .  
  Peter_NP  was_VBDZ  thrown_VBN  forward_RR  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  being_VBG  pushed_VBN  about_RP  by_IO  people_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  bounced_VBN  around_RP  inside_IO  cars_NNS  like_IO  a_AT1  rag_NN  doll_NN  .  
  everyone_PN1  else_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  power_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  limp_JJ  ,_,  exhausted_JJ  ,_,  calmer_JJ  ;_;  almost_RR  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  alternately_RR  having_VHG  his_APP$  head_NN  banged_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  windscreen_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  neck_NN  dislocated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  punch-drunk_JJ  boxer_NN  sticking_VBG  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  no_UH  ;_;  a_AT1  Christian_NN1  being_VBG  thrown_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  lions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  himself_PPX1  dancing_VBG  with_IO  Rosemary_NP  .  
  or_CC  rather_RR  to_TO  feel_VV0  himself_PPX1  stumbling_VBG  clumsily_RR  after_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  movements_NNS  light_JJ  as_IO  an_AT1  angel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lurching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  had_VHD  dazed_VBN  his_APP$  brain_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  dancing_VBG  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  get_VV0  that_DD1  strange_JJ  feeling_NN  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  that_DD1  time_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  crashed_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  drip_NN  Hunter_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  rugger_NN  match_NN  and_CC  somehow_RR  just_RR  had_VHD  n't_XX  wanted_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  again_RR  ,_,  or_CC  let_VV0  go_VV0  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  whistle_NN  was_VBDZ  blowing_VBG  furiously_RR  .  
  Peter_NP  jerked_VVD  suddenly_RR  upright_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  on_IO  fire_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  hands_NNS  shaking_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  shock_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  raised_VVD  a_AT1  lump_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  mole-hill_NN  thrown_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  did_VDD  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  something_PN1  alive_JJ  and_CC  scratching_VBG  there_RL  too_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Rosemary_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  dirty_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  hugging_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  whilst_CS  a_AT1  kiss_NN  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  laid_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  arm_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wrestling_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  steering-wheel_NN  like_IO  Tarzan_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  wolf_NN  girl_NN  and_CC  did_VDD  n't_XX  notice_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  forgot_VVD  all_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  ,_,  and_CC  instead_RR  decided_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  any_DD  time_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  whole_JJ  life_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  convert_VV0  a_AT1  try_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  twenty-five_MC  yard_NN  line_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  very_DA  second_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  game_NN  rugger_NN  ball_NN  ,_,  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  size_NN  ones_CD1S  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  music_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  Paul_NP  Jones_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  now_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  leave_VV0  him_PPHO1  facing_VBG  Rosemary_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  immediately_RR  seize_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  forty_MC  fat_JJ  ugly_JJ  girls_NNS  who_PNQS stood_VVD  each_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  probably_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  start_VV0  to_TO  sulk_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  to_TO  pretend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wallpaper_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  artist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  bearable_JJ  if_CS  her_APP$  mother_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  sit_VV0  there_RL  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  queen_NN  with_IO  silver_JJ  hair_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  too_RR  .  
  and_CC  her_APP$  father_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  like_IO  his_PP$  and_CC  say_VV0  things_NNS  like_IO  ,_,  
    your_APP$  playing_NN  fields_NNS  flood_VV0  last_DA  term_NN  .  
  my_APP$  youngest_JJT  lad's_NN1$  did_VDD  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  now_RL  do_VD0  pull_VV0  yourself_PPX1  together_RR  and_CC  dance_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  .  
  come_VV0  along_RP  !_!  
  want_VV0  a_AT1  spot_NN  of_IO  whisky_NN  .  
  ho_UH  !_!  
  ho_UH  !_!  
  ho_UH  !_!    
  Peter_NP  found_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  unfamiliar_JJ  gravel_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  kissing_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  light_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  glass_NN  house_NN  ;_;  shadows_NNS  moving_VBG  with_IO  music_NN  and_CC  laughter_NN  .  
  now_RL  a_AT1  brighter_JJ  rectangle_NN  of_IO  light_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  confusion_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  stumbling_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  door_NN  .  
  Rosemary's_PPIO2  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  holding_VBG  out_RP  her_APP$  long_JJ  hand_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  branch_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  willow_NN  tree_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  her_APP$  hair_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  really_RR  be_VB0  thunder-sky_NN  blue_JJ  .  
  Peter_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  drooping_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  just_RR  long_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  polite_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  like_CS  she_PPHO1  always_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  his_APP$  dream_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  somehow_RR  willed_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  room_NN  .  
  music_NN  and_CC  movement_NN  was_VBDZ  all_RR  around_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  bumping_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  snatched_VBN  in_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  revolving_JJ  chain_NN  of_IO  boys_NNS  ;_;  not_XX  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  before_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  time_NN  to_TO  notice_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  all_DB  had_VHD  real_JJ  dinner_NN  jackets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  music_NN  stopped_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  circle_NN  of_IO  girls_NNS  Rosemary_NP  was_VBDZ  facing_VBG  him_PPHO1  exactly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  shifted_VVD  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  ;_;  taking_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  fat_JJ  ugly_JJ  girls_NNS  on_IO  her_APP$  left_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Rosemary_NP  lift_VV0  her_APP$  chin_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  funny_JJ  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  must_VM  like_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  either_LE  side_NN  better_RRR  than_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  just_RR  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  like_IO  that_DD1  straight_RR  away_RP  .  
    how_CS old_JJ  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    the_AT1  fat_JJ  girl_NN  asked_VVD  .  
    thirteen_MC  ,_,    said_VVD  Peter_NP  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  Rosemary's_PPIO2  friends_NNS  not_XX  Jane's_PPIO2  then_RL  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  at_IO  his_APP$  suit_NN  now_RL  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  little_JJ  sister_NN  who_PNQS crashes_VBZ  my_APP$  parties_NNS  and_CC  asks_VBZ  kids_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  age_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
    how_CS old_JJ  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    Peter_NP  asked_VVD  stiffly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  fat_JJ  girl_NN  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  pulling_VBG  him_PPHO1  around_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  sack_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  ask_VV0  a_AT1  girl_NN  things_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  .    
  Peter_NP  was_VBDZ  exasperated_JJ  .  
    well_UH  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  how_CS old_JJ  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  .    
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  point_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  girl_NN  said_VVD  carefully_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  intended_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  male_NN  should_VM  know_VV0  .    
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  let_VVD  go_VV0  of_IO  Peter_NP  promptly_RR  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  music_NN  had_VHD  n't_XX  stopped_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  music_NN  began_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dragged_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  revolving_JJ  circle_NN  of_IO    males_NNS    inside_JB  which_DDQ  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  circle_NN  of_IO  girls_NNS  was_VBDZ  spinning_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  Rosemary_NP  was_VBDZ  nowhere_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  and_CC  an_AT1  ugly_JJ  thin_JJ  girl_NN  grabbed_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  more_DA  haste_NN  than_CS  was_VBDZ  really_RR  polite_JJ  .  
  Peter_NP  determined_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  in_RP  first_RR  .  
    where_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  go_VV0  to_IO  school_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  pretending_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  interested_JJ  and_CC  sort_RR  of_RR  intense_JJ  the_AT1  way_NN  his_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  her_APP$  dotty_JJ  parties_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ugly_JJ  thin_JJ  girl_NN  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    why_CS 's_VBZ  it_PPH1  called_VBN  a_AT1  ladies'_NN2  college_NN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  actually_RR  was_VBDZ  intrigued_VBN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  very_RG    are_VBR  you_PPY  grown_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  
  at_IO  Cheltenham_NP  university_NN  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  just_RR  giggled_VVD  and_CC  pressed_VVD  him_PPHO1  nearer_RRR  to_IO  her_APP$  breasts_NNS  .  
  Peter_NP  swallowed_VVD  twice_RR  very_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  music_NN  stopped_VVD  again_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  unsatisfactory_JJ  about_IO  a_AT1  succession_NN  of_IO  brief_JJ  relationships_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  imposed_VBN  and_CC  dissolved_VBN  wholly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  discretion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  loud_JJ  gramophone_NN  record_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  Rosemary_NP  and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  fell_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  trance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  occurred_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  now_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  vision_NN  might_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  last_VV0  another_DD1  year_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  stay_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  any_RR  longer_RRR  .  finally_RR  Julian_NP  re-crossed_VVD  his_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  concentrated_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  .  
  when_CS Janet_NP  brought_VVD  in_RP  tea_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  too_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  coming_VBG  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  deceive_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  will_VM  please_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  ,_,  tired_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  ask_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  make_VV0  us_PPIO2   miserable_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  ask_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  taken_VBN  your_APP$  pill_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  and_CC  felt_VVD  hastily_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  waistcoat_NN  pocket_NN  ,_,  apologetic_JJ  with_IO  victory_NN  .  
  Janet_NP  drank_VVD  her_APP$  tea_NN  and_CC  compressed_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  warming_VBG  her_APP$  legs_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  large_JJ  coal_NN  fire_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  assembled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  large_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  drinking_VBG  sherry_NN  before_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  on_IO  Christmas_NP  eve_NN  .  
  Julian's_PPIO2  mother_NN  ,_,  small_JJ  and_CC  stout_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  lavender_JJ  woolly_NN  and_CC  lavender_JJ  skirt_NN  ,_,  smiled_VVD  at_IO  each_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  talk_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  alone_RR  sat_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  dignity_NN  due_JJ  to_IO  age_NN  .  
  Janet's_PPIO2  widowed_JJ  sister_NN  ,_,  Doris_NP  ,_,  trotted_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  with_IO  more_DA  glasses_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  robust_JJ  ,_,  sensible_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  similar_JJ  to_IO  Janet_NP  in_IO  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  elder_JJ  grandchildren_NN  drank_VVD  self-consciously_RR  .  
  Julian's_PPIO2  brother_NN  ,_,  Paul_NP  ,_,  leaned_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harford's_PPIO2  chair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  avoided_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  May_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  drinking_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  again_RR  .  
  Julian_NP  wondered_VVD  why_CS ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  too_RG  afraid_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  youngest_JJT  children_NNS  were_VBDR  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  ready_JJ  to_TO  wake_VV0  at_IO  3_MC  \0a.m_RR  and_CC  open_VV0  their_APP$  presents_NNS  .  
  someone_PN1  had_VHD  given_VBN  John_NP  a_AT1  drum_NN  ,_,  blast_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  Celia_NP  had_VHD  telephoned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  breathlessly_RR  ,_,  saying_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  car_NN  had_VHD  broken_VBN  down_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bringing_VBG  a_AT1  friend_NN    was_VBDZ  that_DD1  all_RR  right_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  putting_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  room_NN  ,_,    whispered_VVD  Janet_NP  furiously_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  countenance_VV0  cheap_JJ  affairs_NNS  at_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  impressionable_JJ  young_JJ  people_NNS  !_!    
    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  girl-friend_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Julian_NP  rationally_RR  ,_,  untruthfully_RR  .  
  Janet_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  swift_JJ  ,_,  sharp_JJ  snort_NN  and_CC  flounced_VVD  past_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Julian's_PPIO2  eldest_JJT  daughter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  person_NN  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  Celia_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  downstairs_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  happy_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  home_NN1  for_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  first_MD  baby_NN  to_TO  steal_VV0  attention_NN  .  
  Julian_NP  patted_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  past_RP  .  
    everything_PN1  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  Sue_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  and_CC  smiled_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  nice_JJ  enough_RGA  young_JJ  chap_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  usually_RR  squeezing_VBG  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  hands_NNS  and_CC  sidling_VBG  together_RR  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  work_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  time_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  Celia_NP  and_CC  that_DD1  Forster_NP  fellow_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  wild_JJ  about_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  Julian_NP  put_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  money_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  elopement_NN  and_CC  never_RR  told_VVD  anyone_PN1  :_:  it_PPH1  rankled_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  should_VM  keep_VV0  the_AT1  dinner_NN  back_RP  much_RR  longer_RRR  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    said_VVD  Janet_NP  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  rising_JJ  tone_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  dear_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  ,_,    said_VVD  Doris_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS agreed_VVD  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    Celia_NP  will_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Julian_NP  ,_,  nervous_JJ  for_IO  her_APP$  reception_NN  .  
  Paul_NP  smiled_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  sherry_NN  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  having_VHG  a_AT1  private_JJ  joke_NN  .  
  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harford_NP  began_VVD  stiffly_RR  to_TO  rise_VV0  ,_,  helped_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  sons_NNS  .  
  Julian's_PPIO2  head_NN  ached_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  lead_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  people_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  care_VV0  much_RR  for_IO  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  stupid_JJ  ,_,  expensive_JJ  hypocrisy_NN  ,_,  family_NN  Christmas_NP  .  
  if_CS  Sue_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  here_RL  ,_,  if_CS  Celia_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  coming_VBG    nothing_PN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  nothing_PN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  double_JJ  row_NN  of_IO  family_NN  faces_NNS  ,_,  eating_VBG  ,_,  drinking_VBG  ,_,  talking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  wondered_VVD  whether_CS  they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  counted_VVD  the_AT1  people_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  really_RR  loved_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  :_:  the_AT1  ones_CD1S  he_PPHO1  would_VM  die_VV0  for_IO  ,_,  gladly_RR  .  
  there_EX  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  many_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  waste_NN  ,_,  spending_VBG  your_APP$  life_NN  with_IO  people_NNS  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  .  
  why_CS not_XX  collect_VV0  round_IO  you_PPY  the_AT1  odd_JJ  few_DA  you_PPY  loved_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  spend_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  them_PPHO1  instead_RR  .  
  a_AT1  commotion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  Julian's_PPIO2  heart_NN  beat_VVD  rapidly_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_IO  his_APP$  soup_NN  and_CC  pretended_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  notice_VV0  .  
    that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  Celia_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  ,_,  and_CC  scraped_VVD  her_APP$  chair_NN  back_RP  ,_,  her_APP$  napkin_NN  clutched_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  large_JJ  capable_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  a_AT1  flutter_NN  passed_VVD  visibly_RR  round_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  Celia_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  disturbance_NN  ,_,  pleasant_JJ  or_CC  unpleasant_JJ  according_IO  to_II  taste_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  flung_VBN  open_JJ  and_CC  Julian_NP  felt_VVD  her_APP$  presence_NN  a_DA  few_DA  feet_NNS  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  light_JJ  ,_,  quick_JJ  voice_NN  pattered_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  vague_JJ  and_CC  charming_JJ  list_NN  of_IO  woes_NNS  .  
    hallo_UH  ,_,  hallo_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Julian_NP  ,_,  pushing_VBG  back_RP  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
    merry_JJ  Christmas_NP  ,_,  \0C_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  took_VVD  both_DB2  her_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_PP$  ,_,  kissed_VVD  her_APP$  cold_JJ  cheek_NN  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  bubbled_VVD  past_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  and_CC  kissed_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  told_VBN  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Janet_NP  and_CC  Doris_NP  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  stuffy_JJ  and_CC  mottled_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  tight_JJ  best_JJT  dresses_NNS  .  
    everybody_PN1  's_VBZ  so_RG  smart_JJ  !_!    wailed_VVD  Celia_NP  ,_,  throwing_VBG  her_APP$  fur_NN  coat_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  side_NN  table_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  fell_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  silky_JJ  thud_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  carpet_NN  .  
  someone_PN1  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  just_RR  came_VVD  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,    said_VVD  Celia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  contrived_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  others_DA2  feel_VV0  over-dressed_JJ  ,_,    in_IO  my_APP$  old_JJ  sweater_NN  and_CC  skirt_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  brought_VBN  you_PPY  lovely_JJ  ,_,  lovely_JJ  presents_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  show_VV0  you_PPY      
    after_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  briskly_RR  .  
    do_VD0  come_VV0  and_CC  sit_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  Celia_NP  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  have_VH0  you_PPY  done_VBN  with_IO  your_APP$  friend_NN  .    
    oh_UH  my_APP$  God_NP  !_!    said_VVD  Celia_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  forgot_VVD  .  
  yoo-hoo_UH  .  
  Mark_NP  ,_,  sweetie_NN  .  
  come_VV0  and_CC  meet_VV0  my_APP$  lovely_JJ  family_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  gaiety_NN  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  clinging_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  style_NN  of_IO  prettiness_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  suited_VBN  her_PPHO1  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  .  
    come_VV0  on_RP  !_!    she_PPHO1  called_VVD  ,_,  nervous_JJ  and_CC  laughing_VBG  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  shy_JJ  .  
  poor_JJ  Mark_NP  .    
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  sensed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  de_&FW  trop_&FW  before_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  in_RP  because_CS  his_APP$  entrance_NN  was_VBDZ  both_DB2  dignified_JJ  and_CC  defiant_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  universal_JJ  gasp_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  Celia_NP  had_VHD  done_VBN  it_PPH1  again_RR  .  
  lean_JJ  ,_,  tall_JJ  and_CC  personable_JJ  though_CS  Mark_NP  was_VBDZ    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  African_NN1  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,    whispered_VVD  Doris_NP  ,_,    and_CC  mother_NN  the_AT1  age_NN  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  too_RR  .    
    at_IO  Christmas_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  .  
  Celia_NP  held_VVD  Mark's_PPIO2  hand_NN  and_CC  smiled_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  herself_PPX1  on_IO  one_MC1  person_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  took_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  uncertainty_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  expression_NN  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  awfully_RG  glad_JJ  you_PPY  've_VH0  come_VBN  ,_,    said_VVD  Celia_NP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  room_NN  were_VBDR  empty_JJ  .  
    he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  trumpet_NN  ,_,  professionally_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  turning_VBG  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  bring_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  after_IO  dinner_NN  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  play_VV0  the_AT1  blues_NN  .  
  Markie_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  touching_VBG  her_APP$  throat_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  that_PNQS tore_VVD  Julian_NP  ,_,    just_RR  gets_VBZ  me_PPIO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  plays_VBZ  the_AT1  trumpet_NN  .    
  still_RR  the_AT1  family_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  come_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  scratch_NN  .  
  her_APP$  wide-spaced_JJ  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  garnered_VVD  and_CC  sorted_VVD  the_AT1  message_NN  .  
  her_APP$  smile_NN  wavered_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  awfully_RG  hungry_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    awfully_RG  hungry_JJ  ,_,  Julian_NP  .    
    delighted_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Julian_NP  ,_,  jerked_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  appeal_NN  into_IO  shaking_VBG  Mark's_PPIO2  hand_NN  .  
    do_VD0  sit_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  certainly_RR  play_VV0  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  er_UH      
    just_RR  call_VV0  him_PPHO1    Mark_NP    ,_,    said_VVD  Celia_NP  .  
    second_MD  names_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  unfriendly_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  his_PP$  is_VBZ  unpronounceable_JJ  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  everybody_PN1  .  
  darling_JJ  Mummy_NNSB1  ,_,  always_RR  so_RG  sweet_JJ  .  
  Doris_NP  .  
  Janet_NP  .  
  May_NP  .  
  Sue_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  you_PPY  brought_VBN  little_JJ  poppet_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  adore_VV0  him_PPHO1  frantically_RR  .    lucky_JJ  you_PPY  .  
  and_CC  dear_JJ  Paul_NP    oh_UH  ,_,  Paul_NP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Paul_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  drinking_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  ,_,  \0C_NP  .    
    but_CCB  why_CS .    
  Julian_NP  wished_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  asked_VBN  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  listened_VVD  .  
    because_CS  ,_,    said_VVD  Paul_NP  ,_,    a_AT1  family_NN  is_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  bloody_JJ  great_JJ  pillow_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  face_NN  .  
  suffocation_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  drink_VV0  to_TO  forget_VV0  that_DD1  terrible_JJ  fact_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Paul_NP  !_!    everyone_PN1  said_VVD  ,_,  laughing_VBG  to_TO  cover_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  surrounded_VBN  ,_,    said_VVD  Paul_NP  ,_,    by_IO  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  well_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  wish_VV0  you_PPY  well_RR  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  you_PPY  well_RR  away_RP  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  all_DB  lovely_JJ  .  
  good_JJ  ,_,  clean-living_JJ  ,_,  strong-minded_JJ  ,_,  short-sighted_JJ  salts_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  spot_NN  in_IO  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  Christ's_PPIO2  sake_NN  why_CS can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  be_VB0  salty_JJ  without_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  alone_JJ  .    
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  long_JJ  talk_NN  afterwards_RR  ,_,  Paulie_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Celia_NP  ,_,  touching_VBG  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    eat_VV0  your_APP$  dinner_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  .    
  comforted_VBN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  himself_PPX1  fastidiously_RR  from_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  or_CC  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  chair_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  cut_VV0  his_APP$  meat_NN  into_IO  smaller_JJ  and_CC  smaller_JJ  pieces_NNS  .  
  Julian_NP  formed_VVD  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  Celia_NP  by_IO  frequent_JJ  glances_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  touching_VBG  up_RP  her_APP$  hair_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  never_RR  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  quite_RR  that_DD1  auburn_JJ  shade_NN  ,_,  more_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  russet_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  noticeable_JJ  lines_NNS  round_IO  eyes_NNS  and_CC  mouth_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  neck_NN  was_VBDZ  hollowed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  repose_NN  her_APP$  face_NN  showed_VVD  her_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Celia_NP  was_VBDZ  rarely_RR  still_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dressed_VBN  in_IO  some_DD  pretty_JJ  ,_,  fuzzy_JJ  material_NN  :_:  dark_JJ  ,_,  soft_JJ  blue_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  jewellery_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  looking_VBG  well_JJ  ,_,  \0C_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Julian_NP  ,_,  and_CC  cleared_VVD  his_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  a_AT1  cross-current_NN  of_IO  conversation_NN  prevented_VVD  her_APP$  reply_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  always_RR  put_VVD  my_APP$  babies_NNS  on_IO  pots_NNS  right_RR  away_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harford_NP  ,_,  reprovingly_RR  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  book_NN  says_VBZ  .      .  and_CC  it_PPH1  saved_VVD  nappies_NNS  and_CC  got_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  good_JJ  habits_NNS  .    
    put_VV0  a_AT1  pillow_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Paul_NP  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  kinder_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  run_NN  .  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  sprouts_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Doris_NP  ,_,  flustered_JJ  ,_,    but_CCB  you_PPY  've_VH0  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  fuss_NN  .  
  one_MC1  would_VM  think_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  seven_MC  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  seventeen_MC  .    
    more_DA  gravy_NN  ,_,  Mother_NNSB1  .    said_VVD  Janet_NP  .  
    staying_VBG  in_IO  England_NP  long_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  er_UH    Mark_NP  .    asked_VVD  Julian_NP  courteously_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  quite_RR  know_VV0  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Mark_NP  .  
  his_APP$  deep_JJ  voice_NN  jolted_VVD  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  rows_NNS  of_IO  heads_NNS  ducked_VVD  to_IO  their_APP$  plates_NNS  ,_,  silenced_VBN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  staying_VBG  at_IO  my_APP$  flat_NN  just_RR  now_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  Celia_NP  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  all_DB  started_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  Julian_NP  ,_,  exchanging_VBG  glances_NNS  with_IO  Paul_NP  ,_,  caught_VVD  a_AT1  curious_JJ  look_NN  in_IO  Celia's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  irony_NN  and_CC  sadness_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  family_NN  Christmas_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Paul_NP  ,_,  loudly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  at_RR  once_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  :_:  a_AT1  child_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  comforted_VBN  .  
    never_RR  mind_VV0  ,_,  sweetie_NN  .  
  never_RR  mind_VV0  .    
  and_CC  Mark_NP  could_VM  play_VV0  .  
  licking_VBG  his_APP$  purplish_JJ  lips_NNS  ,_,  first_RR  ,_,  then_RL  raising_VBG  the_AT1  trumpet_NN  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  wine_NN  :_:  setting_VBG  his_APP$  mouth_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  girl_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  kissed_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  long_JJ  back_NN  and_CC  legs_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  narrow_JJ  hips_NNS  ,_,  arched_VBN  into_IO  one_MC1  effortless_JJ  curve_NN  :_:  an_AT1  attitude_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  trumpet_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  played_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  younger_JJ  ones_CD1S  and_CC  Celia_NP  urged_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  drank_VVD  water_NN  ,_,  rested_VVD  ,_,  smiled_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  played_VVD  again_RR  .  
  his_APP$  music_NN  ran_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  ears_NNS  ,_,  darker_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  skin_NN  ,_,  sweeter_JJ  than_IO  honey_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  listening_VBG  .  
  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harford_NP  fell_VVD  asleep_JJ  .  
  Paul_NP  ,_,  stupified_VBN  ,_,  shut_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  Julian_NP  stood_VVD  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  awkwardly_RR  ,_,  against_IO  the_AT1  newel_NN  post_NN  ,_,  and_CC  applauded_VVD  loudly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  little_DA  knowledge_NN  of_IO  music_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  Celia_NP  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  approved_VVD  of_IO  her_APP$  friend_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  squeezed_VVD  his_APP$  arm_NN  and_CC  smiled_VVD  ,_,  translating_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  Doris_NP  and_CC  Janet_NP  disappeared_VVD  ,_,  alienated_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  discuss_VV0  to-morrow's_NP1  Christmas_NP  lunch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Celia's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  gaffe_NN  .  
  Sue_NP  thought_VVD  her_APP$  baby_NN  was_VBDZ  crying_VBG  ,_,  though_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  noticed_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  stage_NN  of_IO  loving_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  carried_VBN  him_PPHO1  about_RP  with_IO  her_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  socially_RR  permissible_JJ  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Mark_NP  to_IO  Julian_NP  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  dark_JJ  ,_,  slow_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,    what_DDQ  can_VM  I_PPIS1  play_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  implied_VVD  compliment_NN  and_CC  Julian_NP  was_VBDZ  flustered_JJ  ,_,  afraid_JJ  of_IO  failing_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  Celia_NP  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  hair_NN  swinging_VBG  past_IO  her_APP$  brother's_NN1$  bulky_JJ  waistcoat_NN  .  
    play_VV0    Savoy_NP  blues_NN    ,_,  Markie_NP  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  Jule_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  the_AT1  tune_NN  .    
  Mark_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  melancholy_JJ  love_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  trumpet_NN  and_CC  Julian_NP  was_VBDZ  stricken_JJ  as_CS  by_IO  Celia's_PPIO2  pathos_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  sharpened_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  with_IO  tears_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  concerned_JJ  to_TO  hide_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  wrong_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  this_DD1  Christmas_NP  .  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  ,_,  finding_VBG  no_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  only_LE  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  middle-aged_JJ  and_CC  had_VHD  never_RR  possessed_VBN  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  truly_RR  desired_VVD  .  
  composed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  smile_VV0  at_IO  Celia_NP  and_CC  found_VVD  his_APP$  mood_NN  reflected_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  concentrated_VVD  again_RR  on_IO  Mark_NP  ,_,  and_CC  clapped_VVD  louder_RRR  than_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
    again_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  .    said_VVD  Mark_NP  ,_,  absorbed_VBN  ,_,  respectful_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  noticed_VBN  something_PN1  .  
  dignified_JJ  beggar_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  enjoyed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  tremendously_RR  .  
  old_JJ  favourite_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  .  
  thank_VV0  you_PPY  very_RG  much_RR  .    
  Mark_NP  bowed_VVD  and_CC  stood_VVD  silent_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  family_NN  carols_NNS  now_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  ,_,  bright_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,    and_CC  Mama_NNSB1  must_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  bed_NN  .  
  come_VV0  along_RP  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  where_CS 's_VHZ  Sue_NP  got_VBN  to_IO  .  
  that_DD1  baby_NN  of_IO  hers_PP$  will_VM  be_VB0  ruined_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  picks_VBZ  him_PPHO1  up_RP  every_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  cries_VBZ  .    
  as_CS  Janet_NP  passed_VVD  Julian_NP  she_PPHO1  stared_VVD  through_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  her_APP$  powdery_JJ  skin_NN  flushed_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  cheekbones_NNS  ;_;  her_APP$  best_JJT  court_NN  shoes_NNS  uncomfortable_JJ  and_CC  smart_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  trod_VVD  on_IO  Celia's_PPIO2  fuzzy_JJ  skirt_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  ,_,  rapt_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  Celia_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Janet_NP  heartily_RR  ,_,    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  getting_VBG  Mama_NNSB1  to_IO  bed_NN  .    Christopher_NP  Hollis_NP  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  of_IO  change_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  white_JJ  settlers_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Highlands_NP2  in_IO  1904_MC  and_CC  therefore_RR  an_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  like_IO  Kungo_NP  could_VM  remember_VV0  a_AT1  time_NN  before_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  the_AT1  Serkali_NP  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  Kikuyus_NP2  called_VVD  the_AT1  British_JJ  government_NN  ,_,  come_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  manage_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  longer_RRR  ,_,  there_EX  seemed_VVD  every_AT1  likelihood_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  was_VBDZ  turning_VBG  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  that_DD1  of_IO  but_II  one_MC1  long_JJ  lifetime_NN  .  
  Kungo_NP  sat_VVD  outside_IO  his_APP$  thingira_&FW    his_APP$  bachelor's_NN1$  hut_NN    and_CC  watched_VVD  the_AT1  hot_JJ  equatorial_JJ  sun_NN  going_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  called_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  senior_JJ  wife_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  some_DD  beer_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_APP$  beer_NN  out_RP  of_IO  sugar-cane_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  preferred_VVD  her_APP$  brew_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  other_DA  wives_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  calabash_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  drinking_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  drank_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  meditated_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  memories_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  life_NN  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  white_JJ  men_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  Nanyuki_NP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  missionaries_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  whom_WPO  Kungo_NP  ever_RR  met_VVD  was_VBDZ  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR    more_DA  ,_,  far_RR  more_DA  ,_,  than_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  seasons_NNS    for_CS  Kungo_NP  always_RR  reckoned_VVD  his_APP$  time_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  seasons_NNS  of_IO  six_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  rains_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  crops_NNS  come_VV0  every_AT1  six_MC  months_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  reckon_VV0  in_IO  years_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  so_RG  absurdly_RR  do_VD0  .  
  Kungo_NP  remembered_VVD  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  well_RR    a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  white_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  piercing_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  kind_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  fellow_JB  priests_NNS  had_VHD  taught_VBN  Kungo_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  tribesmen_NNS  some_DD  lessons_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  glad_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  shown_VBN  them_PPHO1  how_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  plant_VV0  their_APP$  crops_NNS  and_CC  tend_VV0  them_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  yield_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  increased_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  cast_VBN  a_AT1  spell_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  tsetse_NN  fly_NN  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  eat_VV0  their_APP$  herds_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  could_VM  now_RL  drive_VV0  their_APP$  herds_NNS  into_IO  districts_NNS  where_CS herds_NNS  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  before_II  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  shown_VBN  them_PPHO1  how_CS to_TO  build_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  land_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hillsides_NNS  in_IO  terraces_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  rain_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  washed_VVD  all_DB  their_APP$  soil_NN  away_RP  .  
  all_DB  these_DD2  were_VBDR  good_JJ  lessons_NNS  .  
  once_RR  when_CS his_APP$  first_MD  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  ill_JJ  ,_,  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_IO  Nyeri_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  bad-smelling_JJ  house_NN  called_VBN  a_AT1  hospital_NN  ,_,  where_CS a_AT1  white_JJ  witch-doctor_NN  had_VHD  cut_VBN  her_PPHO1  open_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  panga_NN  and_CC  snatched_VBN  out_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  stomach_NN  the_AT1  devil_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bewitched_VBN  within_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  then_RL  sown_VBN  her_PPHO1  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  needle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  cured_VBN  and_CC  able_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  more_DA  children_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  seemed_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  witch-doctors_NNS    their_APP$  mundumugu_&FW    had_VHD  more_RG  powerful_JJ  spells_NNS  than_CS  had_VHD  the_AT1  mundumugu_&FW  of_IO  the_AT1  Kikuyu_NP  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  their_APP$  God_NP  was_VBDZ  more_RG  powerful_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  Kikuyu's_PPIO2  Ngai_NP  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  Kungo_NP  had_VHD  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  God_NP  of_IO  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP    had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  servant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bwana_NNSB1  Jesus_NP    and_CC  had_VHD  defied_VBN  the_AT1  old_JJ  law_NN  of_IO  Ngai_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  clear_JJ  when_CS his_APP$  wife_NN  came_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  God_NP  who_PNQS now_RL  sat_VVD  on_IO  Kerinyaga_NP  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  Ngai_NP  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  age_NN  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  feel_VV0  so_RG  sure_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  hyena_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  its_APP$  droppings_NNS  near_IO  his_APP$  thingira_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  disgust_NN  and_CC  with_IO  terror_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  well_RR  knew_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  hyena's_NN1$  droppings_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  hyena's_NN1$  droppings_NNS  and_CC  nothing_PN1  more_DA  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  Kikuyu_NP  believe_VV0  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  thahu_&FW    a_AT1  curse_NN    in_IO  a_AT1  hyena's_NN1$  droppings_NNS  .  
  would_VM  it_PPH1  not_XX  be_VB0  as_RG  well_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  mundumugu_&FW  ,_,  to_TO  kill_VV0  a_AT1  goat_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  purification_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  thahu_&FW  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Bwana_NNSB1  Jesus_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  powerful_JJ  for_IO  evil_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  had_VHD  taught_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  any_DD  reason_NN  why_CS Ngai_NP  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  powerful_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  might_VM  it_PPH1  not_XX  be_VB0  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  gods_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  whom_WPO  had_VHD  their_APP$  power_NN  for_IO  evil_NN  .  and_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  sensible_JJ  prudence_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  offending_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  gods_NNS  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  though_CS  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  and_CC  kind_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  taught_VVD  lessons_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  well_RR  to_TO  learn_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  also_RR  said_VVD  things_NNS  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  less_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  and_CC  which_DDQ  Kungo_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  sensible_JJ  .  
  when_CS Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  came_VVD  ,_,  Kungo_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  bought_VBN  his_APP$  second_MD  wife_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  wife_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  then_RL  should_VM  he_PPHO1  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  wife_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  should_VM  he_PPHO1  just_RR  turn_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  to_TO  starve_VV0  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  her_PPHO1  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  certainly_RR  not_XX  return_VV0  the_AT1  bride-price_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,  said_VVD  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  should_VM  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  use_VV0  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  wife_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  plain_JJ  madness_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  plain_JJ  madness_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  imagined_VBN  that_CS  ,_,  mad_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  priests_NNS  with_IO  him_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  special_JJ  thahu_&FW  ,_,  placed_VBN  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  Bwana_NNSB1  Jesus_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  forbade_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  women_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  soon_RR  learnt_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  thahu_&FW  did_VDD  not_XX  fall_VV0  upon_IO  all_DB  white_JJ  men_NNS    that_CS  some_DD  white_JJ  men_NNS  did_VDD  lie_VV0  with_IO  women_NNS    and_CC  indeed_RR  when_CS ,_,  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  Bwana_NNSB1  Dillon_NP  ,_,  came_VVD  and_CC  built_VVD  a_AT1  shamba_NN  and_CC  set_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  farm_NN  amongst_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  a_AT1  memsaab_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  among_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  Kungo_NP  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  has_VHZ  one_MC1  single_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  strange_JJ  custom_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  for_IO  what_DDQ  purpose_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  would_VM  trouble_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  himself_PPX1  rich_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  buy_VV0  more_DA  women_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  riches_NNS  .  
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  if_CS  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  white_JJ  man's_NN1$  custom_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  so_PN1  be_VB0  it_PPH1  .  
  Kungo_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  greatly_RR  concerned_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  then_RL  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  Bwana_NNSB1  Dillon's_PPIO2  memsaab_NN  went_VVD  away_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  had_VHD  gone_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  called_VBN  England_NP  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  Bwana_NNSB1  Dillon_NP  lived_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  alone_JJ  .  
  then_RL  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  too_RR  went_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  another_DD1  memsaab_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  so_PN1  Kungo_NP  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  ,_,  been_VBN  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  divorced_VBN  and_CC  had_VHD  married_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  wife_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  divorced_VVD  that_DD1  wife_NN  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  married_VVD  a_AT1  third_MD  .  
  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  by_IO  then_RL  ,_,  so_CS  Kungo_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  able_JJ  to_TO  consult_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  understood_VBN  it_PPH1  rightly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  that_CS  among_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  as_RG  many_DA  wives_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  ,_,  provided_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  only_RR  had_VHD  one_MC1  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  this_DD1  surely_RR  ,_,  Kungo_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  sensible_JJ  arrangement_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  much_RR  better_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  all_DB  his_APP$  wives_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  as_CS  then_RL  the_AT1  wives_NNS  could_VM  share_VV0  out_RP  among_IO  themselves_PPX2  both_DB2  the_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  child-bearing_NN  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  man's_NN1$  arrangement_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  fair_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  right_JJ  that_CS  women_NNS  should_VM  control_VV0  their_APP$  desires_NNS  .  
  for_IO  that_DD1  reason_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  Kungo_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  circumcise_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  wives_NNS  runs_VBZ  away_RP  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  is_VBZ  the_AT1  custom_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  bind_VV0  a_AT1  hot_JJ  stone_NN  beneath_IO  her_APP$  knee-caps_NNS  to_TO  cripple_VV0  her_APP$  tendons_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  never_RR  run_VV0  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  common_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS can_VM  one_MC1  expect_VV0  a_AT1  woman_NN  to_TO  control_VV0  her_APP$  desires_NNS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  woman_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  serve_VV0  her_APP$  man_NN  .  
  Kungo_NP  of_RR  course_RR  had_VHD  ,_,  like_IO  all_DB  Kikuyu_NP  ,_,  ever_RR  since_IO  his_APP$  boyhood_NN  ,_,  lain_VBN  with_IO  any_DD  girls_NNS  wherever_CS opportunity_NN  offered_VVD  .  
  since_CS  Ngai_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  desires_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  but_II  natural_JJ  and_CC  right_JJ  to_TO  satisfy_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  careful_JJ  in_IO  obeying_VBG  the_AT1  custom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tribe_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  well_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  to_TO  impregnate_VV0  an_AT1  unmarried_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  for_CS  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  would_VM  reduce_VV0  her_APP$  bride-price_NN  and_CC  would_VM  thus_RR  be_VB0  an_AT1  injustice_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  therefore_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  sought_VBN  to_TO  lift_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  apron_NN  which_DDQ  all_DB  unmarried_JJ  girls_NNS  wear_VV0  in_IO  copulation_NN  to_TO  guard_VV0  themselves_PPX2  against_IO  being_VBG  impregnated_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  fornication_NN  ,_,  how_CS could_VM  the_AT1  girls_NNS  tell_VV0  which_WDTI  men_NNS  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  and_CC  which_WDTI  they_PPHS2  disliked_VVD  .  
  yet_RR  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  fornication_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ    that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  any_DD  woman_NN  unless_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  married_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  also_RR  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  strange_JJ  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  other_DA  bwanas_NNS    bwanas_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  ,_,  like_IO  Father_NNSB1  McCarthy_NP  ,_,  fallen_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  thahu_&FW  which_DDQ  forbade_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  women_NNS    he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  custom_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  a_AT1  general_JJ  custom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  Bwana_NNSB1  Dillon_NP  had_VHD  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  years_NNS  got_VBN  tired_JJ  of_IO  farming_NN  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  instead_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  a_AT1  country_NN  club_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rich_JJ  bwanas_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  bwanas_NNS  who_PNQS came_VVD  from_IO  over_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  get_VV0  drunk_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  got_VVD  tired_JJ  of_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  wild_JJ  animals_NNS  .  
  Bwana_NNSB1  Dillon_NP  hired_VVD  Kungo_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  work_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  club_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thus_RR  that_CS  Kungo_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  learn_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  ways_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  how_CS in_IO  their_APP$  dances_NNS  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  held_VVD  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  obscenely_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  arm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  whore_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  them_PPHO1  their_APP$  drinks_NNS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  often_RR  hear_VV0  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  talking_VBG  easily_RR  and_CC  casually_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  with_IO  whom_WPO  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  lain_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  English_NN1  and_CC  therefore_RR  talked_VVD  before_IO  him_PPHO1  without_IO  restraint_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  all_DB  English_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  early_RR  got_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  words_NNS  which_DDQ  the_AT1  English_NP2  most_RG  commonly_RR  used_VVD    such_IO  as_II  those_DD2  for_IO  food_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  government_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fornication_NN  ,_,  and_CC  motor_NN  cars_NNS    which_DDQ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  mainly_RR  talked_VVD  .  
  what_DDQ  Kungo_NP  could_VM  not_XX  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  understand_VV0  was_VBDZ  why_CS ,_,  though_CS  those_DD2  bwanas_NNS  lay_VVD  with_IO  unmarried_JJ  girls_NNS  and_CC  though_CS  the_AT1  girls_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  use_VV0  a_AT1  second_MD  apron_NN  ,_,  yet_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  often_RR  to_TO  happen_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  girls_NNS  had_VHD  children_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  shamba_NN  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  hotel_NN  in_IO  Nairobi_NP  ,_,  explained_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  women_NNS  did_VDD  have_VH0  a_AT1  second_MD  apron_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  on_RP  when_CS they_PPHS2  lay_VVD  with_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  which_DDQ  guarded_VVD  them_PPHO1  against_IO  pregnancy_NN  .  
  or_CC  sometimes_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS brought_VVD  the_AT1  apron_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  gift_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  the_AT1  white_JJ  woman's_NN1$  second_MD  apron_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  said_VVD  his_APP$  son_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  apron_NN  of_IO  rubber_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  often_RR  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  among_IO  the_AT1  luggage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  guests_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  friend_NN  had_VHD  explained_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  its_APP$  purpose_NN  .  
  Kungo_NP  had_VHD  then_RL  understood_VBN  why_CS white_JJ  unmarried_JJ  women_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  more_RG  often_RR  pregnant_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  why_CS did_VDD  they_PPHS2  object_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Kikuyu_NP  girls_NNS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  wore_VVD  a_AT1  second_MD  apron_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  surely_RR  in_IO  every_AT1  way_NN  a_AT1  more_RG  seemly_JJ  and_CC  decent_JJ  habit_NN  and_CC  in_IO  accordance_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  custom_NN  .  
  white_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  looked_VVD  into_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  did_VDD  much_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  things_NNS  as_IO  Africans_NP2  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  less_RG  reasonable_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  differently_RR  and_CC  pretended_VVD  to_TO  act_VV0  differently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  natural_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  should_VM  wish_VV0  to_TO  beget_VV0  as_RG  many_DA  children_NNS  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_DA  wives_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  the_AT1  more_DA  children_NNS  could_VM  he_PPHO1  beget_VV0  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  less_DA  inconvenience_NN  .  
  a_AT1  rich_JJ  man_NN    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  reasonable_JJ    would_VM  buy_VV0  as_RG  many_DA  women_NNS  and_CC  as_RG  fat_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  as_RG  broad_JJ  pelvises_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  afford_VV0  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  forbidden_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  lie_VV0  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  for_IO  twenty-four_MC  months_NNS  after_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  born_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  for_IO  fear_NN  that_CS  her_APP$  milk_NN  would_VM  fall_VV0  on_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  cause_VV0  a_AT1  thahu_&FW  ,_,  or_CC  when_CS a_AT1  cow_NN  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  calve_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  more_DA  than_IO  one_MC1  wife_NN  .  *"_*'  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  well_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  Pete_NP  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  off_RP  as_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  Starmouth_NP  managed_VVD  to_TO  win_VV0  her_APP$  confidence_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  honest_JJ  enough_RGA  woman_NN  ,_,  only_LE  her_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  as_RG  clear_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  photographs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  house_NN    Grand_NP  Greve_NP    was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  bay_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  Islands_NPLS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  Sark_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  Caxtons_NP2  used_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  their_APP$  holidays_NNS  there_RL  .  
  Starmouth_NP  went_VVD  there_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  dug_VVD  out_RP  some_DD  people_NNS  who_PNQS remembered_VVD  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  he_PPHO1  pieced_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  together_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Caxtons_NP2  had_VHD  two_MC  boys_NNS    Michael_NP  and_CC  Derek_NP  .  
  Pete_NP  first_RR  met_VVD  them_PPHO1  at_IO  school_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  school_NN  I_PPIS1  sent_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  boarder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  always_RR  turn_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  charm_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  suited_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  family_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  real_JJ  Michael_NP    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  age_NN  as_IO  my_APP$  son_NN    died_VVD  of_IO  pleurisy_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  eighteen_MC  .  
  soon_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  Pete_NP  staged_VVD  his_APP$  drowning_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  liar_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  invented_VVD  some_DD  plausible_JJ  story_NN  or_CC  other_DA  and_CC  threw_VVD  himself_PPX1  on_IO  the_AT1  Caxtons'_NPS$  generosity_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  accepted_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  substitute_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  lost_VBN  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  himself_PPX1  off_RP  as_IO  Michael_NP  Caxton_NP  .  
  the_AT1  father_NN  was_VBDZ  well-off_JJ  and_CC  easy-going_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  meat_NN  for_IO  Pete_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  sponged_VVD  off_IO  him_PPHO1  until_CS  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  just_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  then_RL  Pete_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  look_VV0  around_RP  for_IO  some_DD  other_DA  security_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1    Dackson's_PPIO2  wharf_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Dackson's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caxton's_PPIO2  other_DA  boy_NN  ,_,  Derek_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  killed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  after_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  died_VVD  her_APP$  brain_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  fade_VV0  .  
  at_IO  times_NNS  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  Pete_NP  was_VBDZ  really_RR  her_APP$  own_DA  son_NN  .  
  other_DA  times_NNS  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  both_DB2  Michael_NP  and_CC  Derek_NP  were_VBDR  dead_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  work_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  heading_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  breakdown_NN  ,_,  Starmouth_NP  said_VVD  .  
  then_RL  Starmouth_NP  found_VVD  out_RP  that_CS  Pete_NP  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  to_IO  Geraldine_NP  Dackson_NP  .  
  (_(  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  point_NN  Jesty_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  his_APP$  story_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  jerky_JJ  ,_,  monotone_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  grew_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  agitated_JJ  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  revenge_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  round_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  Starmouth_NP  to_TO  keep_VV0  on_RP  watching_VBG  Pete_NP  .  
  last_DA  Monday_NN1  evening_NN    a_AT1  week_NN  ago_RR  to-day_NN1  .  God_NP  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  !_!    he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  my_APP$  son_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  girl_NN  in_IO  intimacy_NN  .  
  (_(  Jesty's_PPIO2  voice_NN  became_VVD  shrill_JJ  ;_;  his_APP$  body_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  twitch_VV0  and_CC  jerk_VV0  .  )_)  
  my_APP$  chance_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  smash_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  twice_RR  tried_VBN  to_TO  smash_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  (_(  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  wild_JJ  and_CC  frightened_JJ  ,_,  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  on_IO  Tong_NP  .  
  Tong_NP  guessed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  )_)  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  Starmouth_NP  to_TO  go_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  and_CC  report_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  to_IO  Dackson_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  told_VBN  .  
  (_(  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thin_JJ  trickle_NN  of_IO  moisture_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  Jesty's_PPIO2  lips_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  speech_NN  was_VBDZ  parched_JJ  and_CC  unsteady_JJ  .  )_)  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  that_CS  Dackson_NP  would_VM  ruin_VV0  my_APP$  son_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  would_VM  kill_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  swear_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  Dackson_NP  to_TO  kill_VV0  my_APP$  son_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  wharf_NN  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  on_IO  Wednesday_NN1  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  so_RR  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  God_NP  .    
  12_MC  .  
  Carol_NP  Carstairs_NP  ,_,  interviewed_VBN  by_IO  Passon_NP  and_CC  Tong_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  ,_,  began_VVD  by_IO  agreeing_VBG  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  mistaken_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  precise_JJ  minute_NN  of_IO  Dackson's_PPIO2  visit_NN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  Wednesday_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  ended_VVD  by_IO  admitting_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  fact_NN  at_RR  least_RR  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  late_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  appointment_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,    Passon_NP  commented_VVD  afterwards_RR  .  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  business_NN  woman_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  he_PPHO1  paid_VVD  her_PPHO1  well_RR  for_IO  stretching_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  second_MD  alibi_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  television_NN  set_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  daughter_NN  loyal_JJ  enough_RGA  Toberson_NP  .    
    who_PNQS  knows_VBZ  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  factors_NNS  the_AT1  commander_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  bargain_VV0  for_IO  .    
    another_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  body_NN  fetching_VBG  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  mooring-hook_NN    practically_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  started_VVD  from_IO  .    
    and_CC  you_PPY  finding_VBG  out_RP  about_IO  the_AT1  spy_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Marshams'_NPS$  ,_,    Passon_NP  said_VVD  .  
    just_RR  a_AT1  stroke_NN  of_IO  luck_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    Tong_NP  said_VVD  .  
    luck_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  Harry_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  real_JJ  turning-point_NN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  must_VM  be_VB0  true_JJ  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  .  
    Tong_NP  can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  wrong_RR  !_!      
  coming_VBG  from_IO  Long_NP  Dick_NP  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  praise_NN  indeed_RR  .  
  Tong_NP  laughed_VVD  happily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  good_JJ  dart-player_NN  too_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  13_MC  .  
  the_AT1  long_JJ  brutal_JJ  winter_NN  ended_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  the_AT1  plane_NN  trees_NNS  in_IO  Southwark_NP  Park_NNL1  were_VBDR  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  delicate_JJ  mist_NN  of_IO  bursting_JJ  buds_NNS  ;_;  mild_JJ  sunlight_NN  played_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  grey_JJ  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  railway_NN  embankment_NN  along_IO  Railside_NP  Terrace_NNL1  was_VBDZ  thinly_RR  carpeted_VBN  with_IO  upshooting_JJ  leaves_NNS  of_IO  new_JJ  weeds_NNS  and_CC  grass_NN  ;_;  and_CC  a_AT1  revolution_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Toberson_NP  household_NN  .  
  when_CS Nick_NP  returned_VVD  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  seriously_RR  ill_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  pneumonia_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  youngest_JJT  son_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  doctor_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  that_PNQS saved_VVD  her_PPHO1  ;_;  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  strength_NN  she_PPHO1  needed_VVD  to_TO  fight_VV0  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  danger_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  doctor_NN  told_VVD  Dan_NP  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  bed_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  and_CC  that_CS  thereafter_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  essential_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  exert_VV0  herself_PPX1  .  
  Dan_NP  ,_,  not_XX  knowing_VBG  which_WDTI  way_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  ,_,  took_VVD  a_AT1  desperate_JJ  course_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  Rose_NP  beseeching_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  flower_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  prompt_JJ  appearance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  announced_VVD  happily_RR  that_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  daughter_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  manage_VV0  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS she_PPHO1  should_VM  n't_XX  stay_VV0  at_IO  Railside_NP  Terrace_NNL1  indefinitely_RR  .  
  with_IO  Grace_NP  helpless_JJ  Rose_NP  set_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  own_DA  autocracy_NN  .  
  her_APP$  squeaking_JJ  ,_,  querulous_JJ  accents_NNS  were_VBDR  heard_VBN  without_IO  intermission_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  rose_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  interminable_JJ  howling_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  directed_VBN  at_IO  everyone_PN1  in_IO  equal_JJ  measure_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  poor_JJ  and_CC  unpunctual_JJ  cook_NN  .  
  normally_RR  indolent_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  and_CC  again_RR  seized_VBN  with_IO  unpredictable_JJ  bouts_NNS  of_IO  energy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  grip_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  swept_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  fury_NN  that_PNQS disarranged_VVD  everything_PN1  and_CC  left_VVD  a_AT1  trail_NN  of_IO  havoc_NN  behind_RP  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  old_JJ  man's_NN1$  room_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  once_RR  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sam_NP  shouted_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  get_VV0  right_RR  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  Rose_NP  .  
  you_PPY  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  peace_NN  .    
  Rose_NP  took_VVD  one_MC1  breath_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stagnant_JJ  air_NN  .  
    you_PPY    you_PPY  polecat_NN  !_!    she_PPHO1  screeched_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  retreated_VVD  without_IO  argument_NN  .  
  her_APP$  re*?2gime_NN  ,_,  hated_VBN  alike_RR  by_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  men_NNS  ,_,  produced_VVD  one_MC1  extraordinary_JJ  result_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  Fred_NP  met_VVD  Nick_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  about_RP  to_TO  enter_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  Fred_NP  grasped_VVD  his_APP$  brother's_NN1$  elbow_NN  .  
    Nick_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  stomach_VV0  this_DD1  much_RR  longer_RRR  .    
    nor_CC  me_PPIO1  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  Mum_NNSB1  's_VBZ  picking_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  her_APP$  old_JJ  self_NN  again_RR  .    
    that_DD1  first_MD  flower_NN  's_VBZ  driving_VBG  me_PPIO1  nuts_JJ  ,_,    Fred_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  a_AT1  stop_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    what_DDQ  with_IO    arsenic_NN  .    
  Fred_NP  fixed_VVD  his_APP$  small_JJ  eyes_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  beckoned_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  stand_VV0  closer_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  whispered_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  the_AT1  most_RG  unexpected_JJ  words_NNS  Nick_NP  had_VHD  ever_RR  heard_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  myself_PPX1  married_VBN  ,_,    Fred_NP  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  home_NN1  a_AT1  woman_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  middle_JB  thirties_MC2  and_CC  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  straight_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  bedside_NN  .  
    Mum_NNSB1  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  Maggie_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  live_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  Maggie_NP  was_VBDZ  plump_JJ  and_CC  plain_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  pleasing_JJ  smile_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  placid_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  slow-moving_JJ  but_CCB  methodical_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  for_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  worked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bottling-store_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  brewery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Grace_NP  heard_VVD  with_IO  astonishment_NN  that_CS  Fred_NP  had_VHD  known_VBN  her_PPHO1  on_RP  and_CC  off_RP  for_IO  nearly_RR  as_RG  long_RR  .  
  Grace_NP  ,_,  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  turbulence_NN  that_PNQS Rose_NP  was_VBDZ  creating_VBG  ,_,  was_VBDZ  as_RG  anxious_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  an_AT1  alternative_JJ  solution_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_IO  Maggie_NP  at_RR  once_RR  ;_;  and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  began_VVD  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  how_CS to_TO  accommodate_VV0  Fred_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  bride_NN  within_IO  the_AT1  limited_JJ  space_NN  available_JJ  .  
  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  old_JJ  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  stumbling-block_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  dilemma_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  face_VV0  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  prospect_NN  ,_,  now_RL  vanished_VBN  for_RR  ever_RR  ,_,  of_IO  Nick_NP  marrying_VBG  Ella_NP  Marsham_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Nick_NP  who_PNQS found_VVD  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
    only_RR  one_MC1  thing_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  Mum_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  sitting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  holding_VBG  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_PP$  .  
    let_VV0  Fred_NP  and_CC  Mag_NP  have_VH0  the_AT1  two_MC  upstairs_JB  rooms_NNS  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Sam_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  kennel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   will_VM  sleep_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  room_NN  downstairs_RL  .    
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  ever_RR  shift_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Nick_NP  patted_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  manage_VV0  .  
  just_RR  you_PPY  take_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  sort_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .    
  Nick_NP  went_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  buried_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  barely_RR  visible_JJ  upon_IO  the_AT1  pillow_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  spent_VVD  much_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  in_IO  bed_NN  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  argued_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  place_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  safe_JJ  from_IO  Rose_NP  .  
    see_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  Sam_NP  ,_,    Nick_NP  began_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  Fred_NP  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  spliced_VBN  .    
    gone_VBN  soft_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,    Sam_NP  said_VVD  .  
    same_DA  as_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  always_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  women_NNS  rule_VV0  the_AT1  roost_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  man_NN  's_VBZ  safe_JJ  from_IO  'em_PPHO1  .  
  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  better_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  things_NNS  .  
  take_VV0  trees_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  rattled_VVD  on_RP  very_RG  happily_RR  .  
    trees_NNS  have_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  right_JJ  idea_NN  .  
  a_AT1  tree_NN  's_VHZ  got_VBN  more_DA  sense_NN  than_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  think_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  tree_NN  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  worry_VV0  .  
  just_RR  stays_VBZ  put_VBN  right_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN  .    
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  Sam_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  no_AT1  tree_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  shift_VV0  from_IO  this_DD1  room_NN  .    
  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RR  incensed_VBN  that_CS  after_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  wriggling_NN  and_CC  twisting_NN  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  clear_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  restrictions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  propped_VVD  himself_PPX1  on_IO  one_MC1  elbow_NN  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Nick_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  worked_VBN  this_DD1  room_NN  up_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  way_NN  of_IO  thinking_VBG  like_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  educate_VV0  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
  this_DD1  room_NN  and_CC  me_PPIO1  understands_VBZ  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .    
    Sam_NP  ,_,    Nick_NP  said_VVD  firmly_RR  ,_,    either_LE  you_PPY  and_CC  me_PPIO1  share_VV0  downstairs_RL  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  Mag_NP  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  stick_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  up_RP  here_RL  and_CC  we_PPIS2  all_DB  get_VV0  saddled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  flower_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  .    
  Sam_NP  sank_VVD  back_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  pillow_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  God_NP  !_!  
  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  win_VV0  !_!    
  with_IO  that_DD1  settled_VBN  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  married_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  flower_NN  snatched_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  infant_NN  and_CC  departed_VVD  ,_,  muttering_VBG  sarcasms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  household_NN  listened_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  dwindling_JJ  screams_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  with_IO  relief_NN  .  
  Maggie_NP  soon_RR  proved_VVD  her_APP$  worth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  Dan_NP  summed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  general_JJ  approval_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  as_RG  good_JJ  a_AT1  worker_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  wish_VV0  for_IO  .  
  she_PPHO1  speaks_VBZ  our_APP$  language_NN  .  
  Mag_NP  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  Nick_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  shared_VVD  their_APP$  bedroom_NN  amicably_RR  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  though_CS  fighting_VBG  a_AT1  grumbling_JJ  rearguard_NN  action_NN  ,_,  permitted_VVD  himself_PPX1  gradually_RR  to_TO  become_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  cleaner_JJ  and_CC  tidier_JJ  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  satisfied_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  Nick's_PPIO2  company_NN  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  together_RR  he_PPHO1  often_RR  explained_VVD  all_RR  over_RP  again_RR  how_CS shrewd_JJ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  discovering_VBG  Alf_NP  Jesty's_PPIO2  secret_NN  .  
    imagine_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Nick_NP  ,_,  just_RR  that_DD1  bit_NN  of_IO  information_NN  Fred_NP  picked_VVD  up_RP  about_IO  Pete_NP  Jesty_NP  always_RR  touching_VBG  his_APP$  nose_NN  ,_,  and_CC  me_PPIO1  remembering_VBG  from_IO  that_DD1  snap_NN  you_PPY  once_RR  showed_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  this_DD1  Caxton_NP  had_VHD  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  scar_NN  there_RL  .  
  just_RR  an_AT1  idea_NN  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ,_,  mind_VV0  you_PPY    then_RL  click_NN  !_!  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  smart_JJ  work_NN  ,_,  say_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  like_VV0  .    
    it_PPH1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Sam_NP  ,_,    Nick_NP  would_VM  agree_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  go_VV0  on_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  self-importance_NN  :_:  
    no_AT1  wonder_NN  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  me_PPIO1  suffocated_VBN  back_RP  last_DA  summer_NN  .  
  must_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  rumbled_VBN  him_PPHO1  right_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .    
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  Nick_NP  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  mind_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  really_RR  seen_VBN  Caxton's_PPIO2  hand_NN  snatching_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  prop_NN  holding_VBG  the_AT1  barge's_NN1$  hatch_NN  open_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  never_RR  prove_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  of_IO  much_DA  use_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  .  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  less_RG  important_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  news_NN  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  had_VHD  visited_VBN  Haines_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  in_IO  Jarvis_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  spoken_VBN  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  call_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  murdered_JJ  man_NN  .  
    off-hand_RR    said_VVD  Tarrant_NP  in_IO  reply_NN  to_IO  Oxenham_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  my_APP$  friends_NNS  who_PNQS fits_VBZ  that_DD1  description_NN  .  
    then_RL  you_PPY  suggest_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  information_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  seen_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  man_NN  in_IO  Brighton_NP  is_VBZ  untrue_JJ  .    
  Tarrant_NP  was_VBDZ  irritated_VBN  by_IO  Oxenham's_PPIO2  tone_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  frightened_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  reply_NN  as_RG  offensive_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  .  
    you_PPY  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  recall_VV0  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS tallied_VVD  with_IO  that_DD1  description_NN  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  perverted_JJ  mind_NN  would_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  suggested_VBN  your_APP$  informant_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  liar_NN  .    
  Oxenham's_PPIO2  face_NN  flushed_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  find_VV0  your_APP$  remark_NN  offensive_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  leaves_VBZ  me_PPIO1  quite_RR  indifferent_JJ  ,_,    snapped_VVD  Tarrant_NP  .  
  Commander_NNSB1  Rodgers_NP  felt_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  hand_NN  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  police_NNS  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  against_IO  Tarrant_NP  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sponsored_VBN  Bianca_NP  Poravia_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  lied_VBN  about_IO  her_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  Haines_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  had_VHD  that_DD1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  Tarrant_NP  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  Tarrant's_PPIO2  car_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  seen_VBN  near_IO  Battersea_NP  Bridge_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  explanation_NN  offered_VBN  seemed_VVD  reasonable_JJ  enough_RGA  and_CC  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  disproved_VBN  on_IO  present_JJ  information_NN  .  
  Rodgers_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  Oxenham_NP  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  fishing_VBG  when_CS he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  that_CS  Tarrant_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  limping_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  Brighton_NP  .  
  plenty_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  walked_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  limp_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  link_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  discovered_VBN  between_IO  Tarrant_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  white-haired_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  shown_VBN  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  Haines_NP  .  
  Rodgers_NP  decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  questioning_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  close_NN  immediately_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  reason_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  stopping_VBG  Oxenham_NP  from_IO  probing_VBG  further_RRR  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  Tarrant_NP  so_RG  well_RR  and_CC  trusted_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  not_XX  ,_,  Rodgers_NP  repeated_VVD  ,_,  because_CS  Tarrant_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  senior_JJ  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  expected_VBN  to_TO  become_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  deputy_NN  Director_NNSB1  General_NNSB1  and_CC  who_PNQS ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  rank_NN  ,_,  exercised_VVD  influence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  department's_NN1$  policy_NN  towards_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  .  
  anyhow_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  foolish_JJ  to_TO  antagonise_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  awkward_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Commissioner_NNSB1  of_IO  police_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  thank_VV0  his_APP$  staff_NN  for_IO  precipitating_VBG  a_AT1  conflict_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  respected_JJ  and_CC  responsible_JJ  official_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  of_IO  security_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  gone_VBN  off_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  tangent_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rodgers_NP  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  should_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  anything_PN1  that_PNQS will_VM  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  Haines_NP  case_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  ring_NN  .    
  Tarrant_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  stiff_JJ  bow_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  behaviour_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  friendship_NN  with_IO  Rodgers_NP  to_TO  bulldoze_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  through_RP  and_CC  that_CS  almost_RR  any_DD  other_DA  witness_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  behaved_VBN  so_RG  scandalously_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  quickly_RR  pulled_VBN  up_RP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  protect_VV0  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  and_CC  himself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  find_VV0  an_AT1  excuse_NN  to_TO  cut_VV0  the_AT1  questioning_NN  short_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  tactful_JJ  and_CC  considerate_JJ  of_IO  others_DA2  .  
  an_AT1  insulting_JJ  superiority_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  his_APP$  best_JJT  defence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Yard_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  with_IO  satisfaction_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  discovered_VBN  nothing_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  forgery_NN  of_IO  Bianca_NP  Poravia's_PPIO2  papers_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  weight_NN  off_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  prepared_VBN  for_IO  Rodgers_NP  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  knew_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  fraudulent_JJ  application_NN  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  file_NN  placed_VBN  before_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  demand_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  explanation_NN  .  
  that_DD1  danger_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  yet_RR  past_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  no_PN1  one_PN  suspected_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  forgery_NN  .  
  but_CCB  did_VDD  the_AT1  police_NNS  really_RR  believe_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  concerned_VBN  in_IO  Haines's_PPIO2  murder_NN  .  
  Tarrant_NP  smiled_VVD    the_AT1  idea_NN  seemed_VVD  too_RG  ridiculous_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  questions_NNS  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  indicate_VV0  that_CS  Oxenham_NP  suspected_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  Tarrant_NP  had_VHD  felt_VBN  almost_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  \0C.I.D_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  learned_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  meetings_NNS  with_IO  Haines_NP  and_CC  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  blackmail_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  to_TO  deduce_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  so_PN1  ,_,  Rodgers_NP  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  stopped_VBN  the_AT1  questioning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  silly_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  indignant_JJ  about_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  suspect_NN  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  reminded_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  truth_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  killed_VBN  Haines_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  intended_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  his_APP$  own_DA  lack_NN  of_IO  courage_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  surrender_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  it_PPH1  a_AT1  disagreeable_JJ  experience_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  wriggle_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  wilfully_RR  obtuse_JJ  and_CC  indeed_RR  engage_VV0  almost_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  juvenile_JJ  brand_NN  of_IO  impertinence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  how_CS would_VM  it_PPH1  have_VH0  helped_VBN  the_AT1  investigation_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  saved_VBN  the_AT1  Yard_NNL1  trouble_NN  perhaps_RR  by_IO  disclosing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  source_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  Haines_NP  had_VHD  amassed_VBN  the_AT1  six_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  identifying_VBG  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  white-haired_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  enquired_VBN  in_IO  Brighton_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  blackmailer_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  withheld_VBN  nothing_PN1  that_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  assisted_VBN  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  in_IO  tracking_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  murderer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pondered_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  significance_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  Barker's_PPIO2  visit_NN  to_IO  Haines_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  decided_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  warn_VV0  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  depend_VV0  on_IO  intercepting_VBG  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  Tarrant_NP  made_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  mind_NN  to_TO  wait_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  until_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  reached_VBN  home_NN1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Paynter_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  papers_NNS  when_CS Tarrant_NP  had_VHD  seated_VBN  himself_PPX1  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  them_PPHO1  aside_RP  carelessly_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  that_CS  Manning_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  but_CCB  changed_VVD  his_APP$  mind_NN  and_CC  told_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Paynter_NP  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  come_VV0  along_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  discuss_VV0  official_JJ  work_NN  but_CCB  Tarrant_NP  thought_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  hidden_VBN  his_APP$  perturbation_NN  .  
  Manning_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  very_RG  observant_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  wrapped_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  affairs_NNS  to_TO  pay_VV0  much_DA  attention_NN  to_IO  others_DA2  .  
  when_CS Manning_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  sent_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Paynter_NP  home_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  strode_VVD  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  for_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  reached_VBN  his_APP$  flat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  relieved_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  father-in-law's_NN1$  voice_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  .  
  another_DD1  bout_NN  of_IO  probing_NN  by_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Barker_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  bear_VV0  .  
  Tarrant_NP  asked_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  grudgingly_RR  agreed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  hotel_NN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Barkers'_NPS$  flat_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  rendezvous_NN  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  ordered_VVD  a_AT1  drink_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  secluded_JJ  corner_NN  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  any_DD  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  dismiss_VV0  the_AT1  thought_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  Tarrant_NP  remembered_VVD  how_CS close_RR  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  killing_VBG  Haines_NP  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  making_VBG  his_APP$  leisurely_JJ  way_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  bar_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  light-coloured_JJ  overcoat_NN  flapping_VBG  round_IO  his_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  jumped_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  that_DD1  coat_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  urgently_RR  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  stroked_VVD  the_AT1  material_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coat_NN  affectionately_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  wear_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  yet_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  feel_VV0  the_AT1  cold_NN  .    
  Tarrant_NP  helped_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  to_TO  take_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  overcoat_NN  and_CC  bundled_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  lining_NN  turned_VBN  outwards_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  another_DD1  drink_NN  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  repeated_VVD  at_RR  length_RR  the_AT1  exchanges_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  taken_VBN  place_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  .  
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  sat_VVD  apparently_RR  unmoved_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  recital_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  loud_JJ  chuckle_NN  .  
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  bit_NN  rough_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  commented_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  bureaucratic_JJ  licence_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  the_AT1  easiest_JJT  way_NN  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  inquisition_NN  .  
  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  had_VHD  visited_VBN  Haines_NP  ,_,  Cedric_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  better_JJ  you_PPY  should_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  defensively_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  the_AT1  police_NNS  would_VM  n't_XX  question_VV0  you_PPY  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  foresaw_VVD  the_AT1  possibility_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  information_NN  out_RP  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  look_VV0  suspicious_JJ  .    
    and_CC  why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  visit_VV0  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  .    
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  looked_VVD  rather_RR  shamefaced_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  terms_NNS  for_IO  keeping_VBG  quiet_JJ  about_IO  your_APP$  forgery_NN  .    
    but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  senseless_JJ  !_!  
  whatever_DDQ  Haines_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  promised_VBN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  your_APP$  money_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  him_PPHO1  keep_VV0  his_APP$  word_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  simple_JJ  ,_,  Bob_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  Haines_NP  that_CS  before_CS  I_PPIS1  handed_VVD  over_RP  any_DD  cash_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  sign_VV0  a_AT1  statement_NN  confessing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  crime_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  prosecuted_VBN  .  
  then_RL  if_CS  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  used_VVD  his_APP$  knowledge_NN  against_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  produce_VV0  his_APP$  confession_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  gaol_NN  .    
  Tarrant_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  unbelievingly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  really_RR  expected_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  agree_VV0  to_IO  that_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  looked_VVD  on_IO  you_PPY  as_IO  a_AT1  romantist_NN  !_!    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  try_VV0  anything_PN1  to_TO  end_VV0  the_AT1  threat_NN  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  gone_VBN  on_RP  as_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  ,_,  Bob_NP  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  Haines_NP  had_VHD  kept_VBN  quiet_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  known_VBN  any_DD  peace_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  'd_VM  have_VH0  broken_VBN  within_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS    I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  remember_VV0  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  you_PPY  how_CS much_DA  you_PPY  would_VM  give_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  his_APP$  silence_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  almost_RR  everything_PN1  you_PPY  possessed_VVD  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  offer_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  tempt_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  ten_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  terms_NNS  .    
  Tarrant_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  soft_JJ  whistle_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  worth_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  Haines_NP  would_VM  n't_XX  play_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tempted_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  eaten_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  bitterness_NN  against_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  this_DD1  woman_NN  Bianca_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  raved_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  unbalanced_JJ  .    
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  sip_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  sherry_NN  .  
    a_AT1  pity_NN  somebody_PN1  saw_VVD  us_PPIO2   at_IO  Brighton_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  sure_JJ  or_CC  they_PPHS2  'd_VM  have_VH0  clamped_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  they_PPHS2  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  certain_JJ  about_IO  my_APP$  being_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  your_APP$  description_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  far_RR  out_RP  .  
  that_DD1  coat_NN  is_VBZ  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  Cedric_NP  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  promised_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  coat_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  arm_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  Museum_NNL1  on_IO  Monday_NN1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  would_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  coat_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  reading_NN  room_NN  and_CC  let_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  lost_VBN  .  
    best_JJT  place_NN  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  to_TO  hide_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  stuff_VV0  the_AT1  coat_NN  behind_IO  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  old_JJ  religious_JJ  sermons_NNS  which_DDQ  no_PN1  one_PN  ever_RR  looks_VBZ  at_IO  .    
  he_PPHO1  patted_VVD  the_AT1  material_NN  gently_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  part_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  altogether_RR  .    
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  asked_VBN  ,_,  Tarrant_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  Haines_NP  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  bribed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  ,_,  particularly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  meeting_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  blackmailer_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Haines_NP  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  on_IO  revenge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  induced_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  money_NN    even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  sum_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  high_JJ  as_IO  ten_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS    as_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  quiet_JJ  was_VBDZ  based_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  failure_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  Jim_NP  Haines's_PPIO2  warped_JJ  and_CC  twisted_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS Haines_NP  had_VHD  rejected_VBN  the_AT1  proposal_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  had_VHD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  done_VBN  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  determined_VBN  to_TO  kill_VV0  Haines_NP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  silenced_VBN  otherwise_RR  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  offer_NN  of_IO  money_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  rejected_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  steeled_VBN  himself_PPX1  to_IO  murder_NN  .  
  Tarrant_NP  looked_VVD  across_RP  at_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  felt_VVD  a_AT1  rush_NN  of_IO  affection_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  how_CS fantastic_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  imagine_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  father-in-law_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  so_RG  brutal_JJ  a_AT1  murder_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  suspect_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Cedric_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  apologised_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  obvious_JJ  ,_,    smiled_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Cedric_NP  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  admit_VV0  I_PPIS1  once_RR  had_VHD  doubts_NNS  about_IO  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  that_PNQS worries_VBZ  me_PPIO1  is_VBZ  your_APP$  forgery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  immigration_NN  papers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  that_CS  someone_PN1  had_VHD  left_VBN  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  two_MC  months_NNS  after_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Haines_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  .    
    you_PPY  read_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  newspapers_NNS  ,_,  Cedric_NP  ,_,    laughed_VVD  Tarrant_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  less_RG  confident_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  sounded_VVD  .  
  chapter_NN  seventeen_MC  .  
  Oxenham_NP  felt_VVD  incensed_VBN  that_CS  Tarrant_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  treated_VBN  so_RG  leniently_RR  and_CC  been_VBN  permitted_VBN  to_TO  dodge_VV0  questions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chief_JB  inspector_NN  could_VM  not_XX  argue_VV0  with_IO  Commander_NNSB1  Rodgers_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  when_CS Tarrant_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  his_APP$  irritation_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  interview_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  conducted_VBN  .  the_AT1  nose_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  pain-sensitive_JJ  organs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  body_NN    and_CC  Malone_NP  was_VBDZ  discovering_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  in_IO  scientific_JJ  detail_NN  .  
  Kennan_NP  had_VHD  only_RR  seconds_NNS  left_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  limit_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  chain_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  chopping_VBG  edge-downwards_RR  in_IO  bone-jarring_JJ  force_NN  .  
  the_AT1  blow_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  writhing_JJ  thug_NN  a_AT1  fraction_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  boney_JJ  knob_NN  which_DDQ  landmarked_VVD  the_AT1  cervical_JJ  plexus_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  vital_JJ  nerve-centre_NN  which_DDQ  a_AT1  long-ago_JB  marine_JJ  instructor_NN  had_VHD  declared_VBN  the_AT1  pinnacle_NN  of_IO  unarmed_JJ  combat_NN  targets_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  thug_NN  collapsed_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  whistling_JJ  moan_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Kennan_NP  tore_VVD  the_AT1  Luger_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  suddenly_RR  limp_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  rejoicing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  firm_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  automatic_NN  sent_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  confidence_NN  surging_NN  through_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  .  
  shouts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  clatter_NN  of_IO  feet_NNS  meant_VVD  Goldie_NP  and_CC  Leo_NP  Grundy_NP  were_VBDR  on_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  .  
  Kennan_NP  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  manacle_NN  chain_NN  taut_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  blasted_VVD  two_MC  shots_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  link_NN  which_DDQ  tied_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  ring-bolt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nine-millimetre_JB  bullets_NNS  smashed_VVD  the_AT1  chain_NN  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  plastic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  free_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  the_AT1  chain_NN  still_RR  dangled_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  himself_PPX1  across_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  .  
  Leo_NP  Grundy_NP  materialized_VVD  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  second_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  gun_NN  throwing_VBG  down_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  target_NN  .  
  Kennan_NP  squeezed_VVD  trigger_NN  first_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bullet_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  with_IO  blasting_JJ  muzzle-velocity_NN  at_IO  close_JJ  range_NN  ,_,  high_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  ,_,  smashed_VVD  him_PPHO1  back_RP  and_CC  downwards_RR  while_CS  Grundy's_PPIO2  shot_NN  bit_VVD  splintering_JJ  rock_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  feet_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  then_RL  whined_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  double_JJ  ricochet_NN  .  
  with_IO  scrambling_JJ  intensity_NN  ,_,  Kennan_NP  hurdled_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  gallery_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  trio_NN  .  
  Goldie_NP  Lord_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  ,_,  back_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  rock-walled_JJ  corridor_NN  ,_,  past_IO  the_AT1  tangle_NN  of_IO  camp-beds_NNS  ,_,  stove_NN  ,_,  and_CC  collection_NN  of_IO  crates_NNS  which_DDQ  marked_VVD  their_APP$  base_NN  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  where_CS the_AT1  lights_NNS  stopped_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  deep_JJ  blackness_NN  marked_VVD  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  Kennan_NP  aimed_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  lowered_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  sprinting_VBG  instead_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  mood_NN  ,_,  shoot_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  for_CS  Goldie_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  open_JJ  razor_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  close_RR  by_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  tripped_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  sprawling_VBG  ,_,  one_MC1  foot_NN  tangled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rubber-armoured_JJ  wire_NN  which_DDQ  snaked_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  midget_NN  power_NN  generator_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lights_NNS  flickered_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  held_VVD  steady_JJ  .  
  Goldie_NP  lunged_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  again_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  razor_NN  flashing_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  frantic_JJ  sidestroke_NN  as_CS  his_APP$  pursuer_NN  loomed_VVD  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Kennan_NP  threw_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  slicing_JJ  metal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  swung_VVD  the_AT1  manacle_NN  chain_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  flail_NN  ,_,  reaping_VBG  a_AT1  bloody_JJ  swathe_NN  across_IO  his_APP$  opponent's_NN1$  face_NN  ,_,  following_VBG  it_PPH1  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  blow_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  gun-barrel_NN  which_DDQ  smashed_VVD  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  forearm_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bone_NN  fracturing_VBG  with_IO  an_AT1  audible_JJ  click_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  kicked_VVD  the_AT1  razor_NN  clear_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  stood_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  panting_VBG  for_IO  breath_NN  ,_,  gesturing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  black_JJ  muzzle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Luger_NP  .  
    my_APP$  turn_NN  .  get_VV0  moving_VBG  .    he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  ,_,  pointing_VBG  back_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  gallery_NN  .  
  tears_NNS  of_IO  pain_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  facial_JJ  muscles_NNS  quivering_VBG  ,_,  Goldie_NP  rose_VVD  slowly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  obeyed_VVD  .  
  Kennan_NP  got_VVD  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  let_VVD  him_PPHO1  reach_VV0  the_AT1  camp_NN  area_NN  ,_,  then_RL  smartly_RR  reversed_VVD  the_AT1  Luger_NP  and_CC  brought_VVD  the_AT1  butt_NN  down_RP  hard_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  man's_NN1$  head_NN  .  
  Goldie_NP  went_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  jack-knifing_VBG  across_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  camp-beds_NNS  .  
  limping_VBG  badly_RR  now_RL    the_AT1  old_JJ  familiar_JJ  ache_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  leg_NN  started_VVD  again_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  tension_NN  died_VVD    Kennan_NP  heaved_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  over_RP  ,_,  rummaged_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  boxes_NNS  and_CC  crates_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  a_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  cord_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  lash_VV0  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  hands_NNS  and_CC  feet_NNS  together_RR  ,_,  then_RL  passed_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  final_JJ  turns_NNS  round_IO  Goldie's_PPIO2  body_NN  and_CC  camp-bed_NN  frame_NN  ,_,  anchoring_VBG  him_PPHO1  securely_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Luger_NP  ready_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  slowly_RR  back_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  side-gallery_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  his_APP$  prison_NN  .  
  Leo_NP  Grundy_NP  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  wall_NN  ,_,  barely_RR  conscious_JJ  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  suddenly_RR  younger_JJ  and_CC  frightened_JJ  ,_,  breath_NN  coming_NN  in_IO  wheezing_JJ  gulps_NNS  .  
  Kennan_NP  stepped_VVD  over_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  collecting_VBG  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  gun_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  knelt_VVD  beside_IO  Cutter_NP  Malone_NP  .  
  the_AT1  knifeman_NN  thug_NN  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  two_MC  before_CS  Kennan_NP  understood_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  crushing_JJ  blow_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  landed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  neck_NN  ,_,  paralysing_VBG  the_AT1  vital_JJ  nerve_NN  centre_NN  ,_,  by_IO  fluke_NN  chance_NN  had_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  hard_JJ  and_CC  accurate_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  damage_VV0  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  nervous_JJ  lacework_NN  which_DDQ  controlled_VVD  life's_NN1$  respiratory_JJ  action_NN  .  
  unconscious_JJ  ,_,  Malone_NP  had_VHD  died_VBN  from_IO  lack_NN  of_IO  oxygen_NN  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  surely_RR  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  strangled_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  sick_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  other_DA  things_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  than_CS  crouch_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  probably_RR  unlamented_JJ  remains_NNS  of_IO  Cutter_NP  Malone_NP  .  
  Kennan_NP  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  where_CS Leo_NP  Grundy_NP  was_VBDZ  slumped_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  eased_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  back_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  comfortable_JJ  position_NN  .  
  Grundy's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  ,_,  wide_JJ  and_CC  bright_JJ  with_IO  fear_NN  ,_,  followed_VVD  every_AT1  move_NN  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  handcuff_NN  key_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  twenty-year-old's_NN1$  trouser_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  sigh_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  ,_,  Kennan_NP  loosened_VVD  the_AT1  metal_NN  jaws_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  massaged_VVD  his_APP$  red-wealed_JJ  wrist_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  another_DD1  problem_NN  :_:  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  surviving_JJ  crooks_NNS  .  
  Goldie_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  discounted_VBN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  bonds_NNS  should_VM  hold_VV0  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  collected_VBN  by_IO  MacTaggart's_PPIO2  men_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Leo_NP  Grundy_NP    he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  low_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  man_NN  again_RR  .  
  Leo_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  vicious_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  came_VVD    but_CCB  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sorry_JJ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  stopped_VBN  a_AT1  bullet_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  his_APP$  record_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Kennan_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  illusions_NNS  on_IO  that_DD1  score_NN  ,_,  Leo_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  most_RG  humane_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  trio_NN  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  lift_VV0  you_PPY  and_CC  get_VV0  you_PPY  on_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  beds_NNS  .  
  understand_VV0  .    
  Grundy_NP  coughed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  gave_VVD  a_AT1  faint_JJ  mumble_NN  of_IO  acknowledgement_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  heavy_JJ  .  
  Kennan_NP  carried_VVD  him_PPHO1  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  laid_VVD  him_PPHO1  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  camp-bed_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  pillow_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  a_AT1  two-gallon_JB  water-can_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  bright-red_JJ  plastic_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  near_II  by_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  poured_VVD  some_DD  into_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  ,_,  and_CC  let_VVD  the_AT1  wounded_JJ  man_NN  sip_VV0  the_AT1  liquid_NN  .  
  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  showed_VVD  something_PN1  akin_JJ  to_IO  gratitude_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  red_JJ  stain_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  Grundy's_PPIO2  red_JJ  woollen_JJ  cardigan_NN  was_VBDZ  spreading_VBG  .  
  Kennan's_PPIO2  fingertips_NNS  were_VBDR  stained_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  colour_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  unbuttoned_VVD  the_AT1  garment_NN  and_CC  loosened_VVD  the_AT1  shirt_NN  beneath_II  .  
  the_AT1  Luger_NP  slug_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  neat_JJ  round_JJ  entry_NN  just_RR  below_IO  the_AT1  collarbone_NN  .  
  easing_VBG  him_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  Kennan_NP  found_VVD  the_AT1  bullet's_NN1$  exit_NN  point_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  more_RG  ragged_JJ  wound_NN  ,_,  in_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  shoulder-blade_NN  .  
  Grundy_NP  would_VM  live_VV0  .  
  his_APP$  lung_NN  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  nicked_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  sign_NN  yet_RR  of_IO  blood_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  lucky_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  you_PPY  it_PPH1  straight_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Kennan_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  pad_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  wound_NN  ,_,  and_CC  send_VV0  help_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  out_RP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  stay_VV0  still_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  've_VH0  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  try_VV0  getting_VBG  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  haemorrhage_VV0  within_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  .    
  Grundy_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  a_AT1  clean_JJ  shirt_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  suitcase_NN  ,_,  tore_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  strips_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  used_VVD  the_AT1  resultant_JJ  rags_NNS  as_IO  bandages_NNS  .  
  Grundy_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  weak_JJ  from_IO  shock_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  wound_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  watch_VV0  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  settled_VVD  back_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  sigh_NN  .  
    answer_VV0  me_PPIO1  some_DD  questions_NNS  .    
  Kennan_NP  sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Luger_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  lap_NN  .  
    how_CS far_RR  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  from_IO  the_AT1  Polley-Bland_NP  plant_NN  .    
  Grundy_NP  swallowed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  mumbled_VVD  a_AT1  reply_NN  so_RG  low_JJ  and_CC  hoarse_JJ  that_CS  Kennan_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  strain_VV0  to_TO  hear_VV0  .  
    about_RR  .  about_RR  forty_MC  miles_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  in_IO  south_NN1  .  Ayrshire_NP  .  
  takes_VBZ  about_RR  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  to_IO  .  Glasgow_NP  .    
    the_AT1  inside_JB  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  plant_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  American_NN1  .    
  a_AT1  nod_NN  .  
    his_APP$  name_NN  .    
  Grundy_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  turn_VV0  his_APP$  head_NN  away_RP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  escape_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  swallowed_VVD  again_RR  .  
    Spence_NP  .  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  Vince_NP  Benson_NP  calls_VBZ  him_PPHO1  .    
  Gene_NP  .  
  since_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  lain_VBN  chained_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  ,_,  Kennan_NP  had_VHD  realized_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  other_DA  choice_NN  .  
  but_CCB  somehow_RR  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  kept_VBN  hoping_VBG  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  face_VV0  facts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  important_JJ  task_NN  still_RR  on_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  saving_VBG  big_JJ  Betsy_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  crucial_JJ  item_NN  of_IO  equipment_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Polley-Bland_NP  contract_NN  and_CC  so_RG  much_DA  more_DA  depended_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  lit_VVD  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VVD  his_APP$  final_JJ  question_NN  .  
    how_CS are_VBR  they_PPHS2  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  how_CS do_VD0  they_PPHS2  knock_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  transformer_NN  .    
  the_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  death_NN  was_VBDZ  large_JJ  in_IO  Grundy's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  Kennan_NP  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  only_DA  hope_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  medical_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  his_APP$  standards_NNS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  logical_JJ  enough_RGA  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  unspoken_JJ  threat_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  consequence_NN  of_IO  failure_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  .  
    Spence_NP  .  Spence_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  Vince_NP  knows_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  talk_VV0  either_RR  .    
  Grundy_NP  licked_VVD  his_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  face_NN  white_JJ  and_CC  desperate_JJ  .  
    all_DB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  is_VBZ  the_AT1  time_NN  .  eleven_MC  \0a.m_RR  .  
  hell_UH  ,_,  Kennan_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  .  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .    
  Kennan_NP  tried_VVD  again_RR  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  his_APP$  voice_NN  hoarse_JJ  and_CC  weak_JJ  ,_,  coupling_VBG  his_APP$  words_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  plea_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  crook_NN  persisted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  exact_JJ  method_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  used_VBN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  secret_NN  Gene_NP  Spence_NP  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  reveal_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  eight-thirty_MC    only_RR  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  brooch_NN  and_CC  fish_NN  hook_NN  trap_NN  had_VHD  sprung_VBN  .  
  time_NN  enough_DD  ,_,  Kennan_NP  knew_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  leaving_VBG  nothing_PN1  to_TO  spare_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  storm_NN  lantern_NN  lying_VBG  among_IO  the_AT1  clutter_NN  of_IO  stores_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  ,_,  took_VVD  a_AT1  last_DA  look_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  underground_JB  gallery_NN  ,_,  sniffing_VBG  the_AT1  faint_JJ  odour_NN  of_IO  gunsmoke_NN  still_RR  lingering_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  then_RL  headed_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  black_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tunnel_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  compared_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  gallery_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ventilation_NN  tunnel_NN  was_VBDZ  smaller_JJ  and_CC  narrow_JJ  .  
  even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  wavering_JJ  beam_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  storm_NN  light_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  bumped_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  hundred_MC  yard_NN  trip_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  shaft's_NN1$  rough_JJ  ,_,  rising_JJ  surface_NN  towards_IO  ground_NN  level_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  an_AT1  upward_JB  angle_NN  of_IO  almost_RR  forty-five_MC  degrees_NNS  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  door_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  shaft_NN  entrance_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  staring_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  key_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Benson_NP  had_VHD  obviously_RR  decided_VBN  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  locked_VBN  in_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  simple_JJ  handle_NN  mechanism_NN  which_DDQ  governed_VVD  the_AT1  massive_JJ  lock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  swung_VVD  wide_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  free_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  clean_JJ  fresh_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sun_NN  shining_VBG  above_II  ,_,  the_AT1  soft_JJ  ,_,  still_RR  dew-moist_JJ  grass_NN  springy_JJ  underfoot_RR  .  
  a_AT1  curlew_NN  rose_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  heather_NN  only_RR  feet_NNS  away_RP  and_CC  soared_VVD  skywards_RR  ,_,  giving_VBG  its_APP$  distinctive_JJ    pee-wit_NC2    cry_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  like_IO  laughing_VBG  and_CC  crying_VBG  ,_,  both_DB2  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  distance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  tarmac_NN  ribbon_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  cut_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  green_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moorland_NN  .  
  Kennan_NP  dragged_VVD  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  boulder_NN  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  shaft_NN  doorway_NN  ,_,  placing_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  way_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  door_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  swing_VV0  shut_VBN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  shoving_VBG  the_AT1  Luger_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  waistband_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  off_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  half_DB  a_AT1  mile_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  after_IO  tossing_VBG  a_AT1  coin_NN  and_CC  electing_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  left-hand_JB  direction_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  thumb_VV0  a_AT1  lift_NN  .  
  the_AT1  driver_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  tractor_NN  had_VHD  taken_VBN  some_DD  convincing_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  first_RR  saw_VVD  the_AT1  ragged_JJ  ,_,  blood-stained_JJ  tramp_NN  waving_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  roadside_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Kennan_NP  still_RR  had_VHN  his_APP$  wallet_NN  ,_,  and_CC  money_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tractor_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  fare-paying_JJ  passenger_NN  perched_VBN  precariously_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  driver_NN  ,_,  roared_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  highway_NN  at_IO  full_JJ  throttle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  mile_NN  swung_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  plantation_NN  of_IO  fir_NN  trees_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .  
  more_DA  explanations_NNS  ,_,  considerably_RR  complicated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  gun_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  waistband_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  wife_NN  held_VVD  an_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  single-barrelled_JJ  shotgun_NN  pointed_VBN  at_IO  his_APP$  midriff_NN  ,_,  finally_RR  ended_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  phone_NN  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  operator_NN  at_IO  police_NNS  head-quarters_NN  in_IO  Glasgow_NP  to_TO  locate_VV0  Superintendent_NNSB1  MacTaggart_NP  ,_,  Kennan_NP  asked_VVD  his_APP$  audience_NN  :_:  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  place_NN  .    
  the_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  wife_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  shotgun_NN  now_RL  laid_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  but_CCB  still_RR  near_II  at_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    Aultdonald_NP  .  
  about_RR  three_MC  miles_NNS  out_RP  o'_IO  Cumnock_NP  ,_,  mister_NN  .    
  in_IO  her_APP$  broad_JJ  Ayrshire_NP  dialect_NN  she_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,    are_VBR  you_PPY  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  Americans_NP2  from_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  base_NN  at_IO  Prestwick_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  as_CS  MacTaggart's_PPIO2  voice_NN  crackled_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  .  
    where_CS the_AT1  hell_NN  have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  ,_,  Kennan_NP  .    barked_VVD  the_AT1  policeman_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  full_JJ  scale_NN  search_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  for_IO  you_PPY  for_IO  almost_RR  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  American_JJ  embassy_NN  's_VHZ  been_VBN  howling_VBG  that_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  home_NN1  office_NN  joining_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chorus_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  left_VBN  holding_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .    
  Kennan_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_RG  crisply_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  open-mouth_JB  attention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  other_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  farmhouse_NN  kitchen_NN  .    well_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  scoffed_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  brilliant_JJ  eyes_NNS  challenging_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  his_APP$  glass_NN  and_CC  drained_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  feeling_VBG  the_AT1  sweat_NN  breaking_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  palms_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  when_CS at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  right_RR  in_IO  front_II  of_II  him_PPHO1  ,_,  smiling_VBG  as_CS  if_CS  nothing_PN1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hardly_RR  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  blinked_VVD  several_DA  times_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  a_AT1  drink_NN  tonight_NN1  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  boldly_RR  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  .  anything_PN1  you_PPY  like_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  ,_,  relief_NN  flooding_NN  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    Kitty_NP  .  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  .  .    
  his_APP$  throat_NN  went_VVD  tight_JJ  and_CC  words_NNS  failed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    aw_UH  ,_,  forget_VV0  it_PPH1    ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  cheerfully_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  sting_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  a_AT1  double_NN  for_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  naughty_JJ  boy_NN  .  
  how_CS about_IO  the_AT1  telly_NN  tomorrow_NN1  afternoon_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  glow_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  steal_VV0  over_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  now_RL  ,_,  thank_VV0  God_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  break_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  that_PNQS mattered_VVD  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  Kitty_NP    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  fervently_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  misty_JJ  behind_IO  their_APP$  thick_JJ  lenses_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  off_RP  now_RL  .  
  see_VV0  you_PPY  tomorrow_NN1  .  and_CC  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  .    
    so_RG  long_RR  ,_,  Bob_NP    ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  waving_VBG  her_APP$  hand_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Harry_NP  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  stood_VVD  outside_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  step_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  where_CS a_DA  few_DA  pale_JJ  stars_NNS  shone_VVD  between_IO  puffs_NNS  of_IO  light_JJ  cumulus_NN  cloud_NN  .  
    nice_JJ  night_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  affably_RR  .  
    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  forecast_VV0  rain_NN  for_IO  tomorrow_NN1  .    
    do_VD0  they_PPHS2  .    
  Bone_NP  glanced_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  elsewhere_RR  .  
  personally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  rained_VVD  cats_NNS  and_CC  dogs_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  Harry_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  either_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  ,_,  pulling_VBG  on_RP  his_APP$  gloves_NNS  and_CC  adjusting_VBG  his_APP$  hat_NN  .  
    look_VV0  ,_,  Bob_NP  ,_,    Harry_NP  began_VVD  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  mean_VV0  to_TO  butt_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  take_VV0  my_APP$  advice_NN  you_PPY  'll_VM  'ave_VH0  no_AT1  more_DA  truck_NN  with_IO  'er_PPHO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  jerked_VVD  his_APP$  thumb_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
    that_DD1  girl_NN  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  but_IO  a_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  warning_VBG  you_PPY  .    
    Kitty_NP  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR    ,_,  Bone_NP  contradicted_VVD  flatly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  her_APP$  boy-friend_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  the_AT1  trouble_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  .    
  Harry_NP  nodded_VVD  his_APP$  grizzled_JJ  head_NN  like_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  hound_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  there_RL  ,_,  Bob_NP    ,_,  he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easier_RRR  said_VBN  than_CS  done_VBN  .  
  Kitty_NP  encourages_VBZ  him_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  no_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  background_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  regular_JJ  money_NN  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  make_VV0  out_RP  .  
  probably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  crook_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  the_AT1  girl_NN  's_VBZ  wild_JJ  and_CC  headstrong_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  with_IO  'er_PPHO1  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,  Harry_NP    ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  fool_NN  of_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  Kitty_NP  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  friend_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  that_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  ,_,  hatred_NN  of_IO  Stevie_NP  Hewitt_NP  rising_VBG  like_IO  gall_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  rid_VBN  of_IO  that_DD1  chap_NN  ,_,  Hewitt_NP  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    \0O.K_UH  ,_,  Bob_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  watch_VV0  your_APP$  step_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  tough_JJ  customer_NN  ,_,  mark_VV0  my_APP$  words_NNS    ,_,  Harry_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  Bone_NP  half_RR  smiled_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  remember_VV0    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    good_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  Harry_NP  .    
    good_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  Bob_NP  .    
  Bone_NP  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  cre*?5pe-soled_JJ  shoes_NNS  making_VBG  no_AT1  sound_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  asphalt_NN  surface_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  he_PPHO1  concentrated_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  Stevie_NP  Hewitt_NP  .  
  by_IO  comparison_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  dispatched_VBN  Henry_NP  Mansell_NP  the_AT1  elimination_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  spiv_NN  from_IO  Brighton_NP  seemed_VVD  an_AT1  easy_JJ  undertaking_NN  .  once_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  set_VBN  his_APP$  mind_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  he_PPHO1  prepared_VVD  his_APP$  supper_NN  and_CC  ate_VVD  it_PPH1  beside_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  once_RR  more_RRR  on_IO  Kitty_NP  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Stevie_NP  Hewitt_NP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  madness_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  worrying_VBG  about_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  moodily_RR  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  as_RG  clear-cut_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  not_XX  only_RR  felt_VVD  his_APP$  need_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  necessity_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  and_CC  protect_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  even_RR  against_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  .  
  tonight_NN1  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  abandoned_VBN  all_DB  pretence_NN  and_CC  shown_VBN  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  honest_JJ  desperation_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  feeling_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  neither_RR  encouraged_VBN  nor_CC  completely_RR  rejected_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  perverse_JJ  way_NN  their_APP$  brief_JJ  quarrel_NN  had_VHD  forged_VBN  a_AT1  bond_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  every_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  a_AT1  string_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  he_PPHO1  probably_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  slight_JJ  advantage_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  inasmuch_CS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  money_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  respect_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  material_JJ  things_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  towards_IO  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  he_PPHO1  locked_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  turned_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  reflection_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  oval_JJ  mirror_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  toupe*?2e_NN  undoubtedly_RR  improved_VVD  his_APP$  appearance_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  look_VV0  ten_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  skin_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  healthier_JJ  colour_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  on_RP  half_DB  a_AT1  stone_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ,_,  filling_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  hollows_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  cheeks_NNS  and_CC  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  more_RG  rounded_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  no_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  match_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  and_CC  virile_JJ  competitor_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  begun_VVD  to_TO  undress_VV0  ,_,  shivering_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  cold_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eye_NN  automatically_RR  glanced_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  which_DDQ  concealed_VVD  the_AT1  hiding-place_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  secret_JJ  treasure_NN  .  
  for_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  transfixed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  unwavering_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  riveted_VVD  themselves_PPX2  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  his_APP$  imagination_NN  or_CC  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  panel_NN  slightly_RR  lop-sided_JJ  .  
  leaping_VBG  forward_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  choked_JJ  sound_NN  he_PPHO1  grasped_VVD  the_AT1  oblong_JJ  panel_NN  and_CC  pulled_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  black_JJ  tin_NN  box_NN  was_VBDZ  exactly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  with_IO  heavily_RR  beating_JJ  heart_NN  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  lid_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  intact_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  with_IO  relief_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  bundles_NNS  of_IO  notes_NNS  and_CC  knelt_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  to_TO  count_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  being_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  hurry_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  that_DD1  fifty_MC  pounds_NNS  for_IO  Kitty_NP  !_!  
  obviously_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  careless_JJ  in_IO  replacing_VBG  the_AT1  panel_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  anyone_PN1  having_VHG  discovered_VBN  his_APP$  hiding-place_NN  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  shock_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  bundles_NNS  of_IO  notes_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  withdrew_VVD  the_AT1  tin_NN  box_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  hiding-place_NN  and_CC  locked_VVD  it_PPH1  inside_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  safer_JJ  under_IO  lock_NN  and_CC  key_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  than_CS  behind_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  panelling_NN  which_DDQ  did_VDD  not_XX  fit_VV0  very_RG  securely_RR  .  
  tomorrow_NN1  he_PPHO1  would_VM  buy_VV0  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  padlock_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  and_CC  search_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  hiding-place_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lay_VVD  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  cold_JJ  and_CC  uneasy_JJ  ,_,  unable_JJ  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  instinctive_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  danger_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  closed_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Henry_NP  Mansell's_PPIO2  face_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  ,_,  hovering_VBG  above_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  hideous_JJ  caricature_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parrot_NN  nose_NN  and_CC  straight_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pitiless_JJ  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  strip_VV0  him_PPHO1  right_RR  down_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  abjectly_RR  quaking_JJ  bones_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mouldering_JJ  horror_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  Henry_NP  Mansell_NP  taunted_VVD  him_PPHO1  now_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  silent_JJ  darkness_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  saloon_NN  bar_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  bells_NNS  at_IO  Hawkeshurst_NP  that_DD1  Friday_NN1  night_NN  Hugh_NP  Mansell_NP  and_CC  Roddy_NP  Dowell_NP  drank_VVD  their_APP$  beer_NN  and_CC  waited_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  too_RG  damn_RR  busy_JJ  in_IO  here_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  leave_VV0  his_APP$  customers_NNS    ,_,  Hugh_NP  said_VVD  morosely_RR  .  
    give_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,  old_JJ  chap_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  over_RP  .  
  Jim_NP  's_VBZ  a_AT1  most_RG  reliable_JJ  chap_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  comes_VBZ  to_IO  picking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  small_JJ  tip_NN  .    
    \0O.K_UH  ,_,  Roddy_NP  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  you_PPY  say_VV0  .    
  Hugh_NP  drained_VVD  his_APP$  glass_NN  and_CC  ordered_VVD  two_MC  more_DA  beers_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  really_RR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  collecting_VBG  scraps_NNS  of_IO  evidence_NN  and_CC  piecing_VBG  them_PPHO1  together_RR  for_IO  four_MC  months_NNS  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  lot_NN  still_RR  does_VBZ  n't_XX  amount_VV0  to_IO  anything_PN1  one_MC1  could_VM  call_VV0  concrete_JJ  .    
  Roddy_NP  puffed_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  pipe_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  fixed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  white-coated_JJ  barman_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,  Hugh_NP  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  meet_VV0  this_DD1  bird_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  fills_VBZ  in_RP  an_AT1  important_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
  furthermore_RR  ,_,  dear_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  confirms_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  already_RR  know_VV0  of_IO  your_APP$  father's_NN1$  intention_NN  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  country_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  October_NN1  14th_MD  .    
  Hugh_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  wore_VVD  the_AT1  melancholy_JJ  expression_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  habitual_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  showed_VVD  his_APP$  inner_JB  excitement_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  a_AT1  shred_NN  of_IO  evidence_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .  
  obviously_RR  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  someone_PN1  ,_,  either_LE  by_IO  chance_NN  or_CC  by_IO  arrangement_NN  .  
  whichever_DDQ  way_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  that_DD1  person_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  gun_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  persuade_VV0  Father_NNSB1  to_TO  drive_VV0  along_IO  that_DD1  quiet_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  road_NN  .  .    
    miles_NNS  off_IO  his_APP$  proper_JJ  route_NN  to_IO  Dover_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  airport_NN  at_IO  Lydd_NP    ,_,  Roddy_NP  interposed_VVD  quickly_RR  .  
    and_CC  once_CS  there_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shot_VBN  at_IO  close_JJ  range_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  money_NN  smartly_RR  filched_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  whoever_PNQS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  might_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  existence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  suicide_NN  letter_NN  .  providing_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  unshakable_JJ  alibi_NN  .    
  Hugh_NP  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  of_IO  his_APP$  uncle_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Julian_NP  had_VHD  acted_VBN  very_RG  strangely_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  tragedy_NN  ,_,  always_RR  secretive_JJ  ,_,  always_RR  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  his_APP$  brother's_NN1$  death_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  associate_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  one's_$  mind_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  cold-blooded_JJ  murder_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  Henry_NP  Mansell's_PPIO2  death_NN  had_VHD  saved_VBN  the_AT1  firm_NN  and_CC  Julian's_PPIO2  future_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  he_PPHO1  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  aware_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  brother's_NN1$  intention_NN  to_TO  skip_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  and_CC  passed_VBN  on_RP  the_AT1  information_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ    ,_,  Hugh_NP  said_VVD  thoughtfully_RR  .  
    but_CCB  whoever_PNQS did_VDD  it_PPH1  got_VVD  clean_RR  away_RP  without_IO  being_VBG  spotted_VBN  .    
    easy_JJ  enough_RGA  along_IO  that_DD1  stretch_NN  of_IO  coast_NN  road_NN  in_IO  winter_NN  ,_,  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1    ,_,  Roddy_NP  affirmed_VVD  solemnly_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  probably_RR  caught_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  boat_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  channel_NN  and_CC  has_VHZ  been_VBN  lying_VBG  low_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  somewhere_RR  .    
  Hugh_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  that_DD1  after_IO  my_APP$  talk_NN  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Lawford_NP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  countries_NNS  where_CS a_AT1  man_NN  could_VM  easily_RR  hide_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  change_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  without_IO  danger_NN  .  
  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  definite_JJ  line_NN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  hopeless_JJ  .  .    
    something_PN1  will_VM  turn_VV0  up_RP  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0    ,_,  Roddy_NP  said_VVD  confidently_RR  .  
    if_CS  we_PPIS2  plug_VV0  away_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  leads_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  .  .    
    if_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  police_NNS  would_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  .    Hugh_NP  cried_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  exasperation_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  put_VBN  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  before_IO  them_PPHO1  .  .    
    no_AT1  dice_NNS  ,_,  Hugh_NP  .    
  Roddy_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  sandy_JJ  head_NN  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  bound_VBN  to_TO  want_VV0  pretty_RR  solid_JJ  new_JJ  evidence_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  agree_VV0  to_TO  reopen_VV0  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  from_IO  their_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  the_AT1  evidence_NN  for_IO  suicide_NN  is_VBZ  overwhelming_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  chap_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Director_NNSB1  of_IO  public_JJ  prosecutions_NNS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  pretty_RR  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  missing_JJ  cash_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hell_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mystery_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  he_PPHO1  quite_RR  reasonably_RR  pointed_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  money_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  disposed_VBN  of_IO  in_IO  London_NP  before_CS  your_APP$  father_NN  left_VVD  that_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  unnatural_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  position_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  provision_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  dependent_NN  or_CC  settle_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  as_IO  particular_JJ  debts_NNS  of_IO  honour_NN  before_IO  taking_VBG  his_APP$  own_DA  life_NN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  logically_RR  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  pinched_VBN  by_IO  someone_PN1  passing_VBG  the_AT1  car_NN  after_CS  your_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  stealing_VBG  from_IO  cars_NNS  is_VBZ  about_RR  the_AT1  commonest_JJT  kind_NN  of_IO  crime_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  that_PNQS absolutely_RR  ties_VBZ  the_AT1  missing_JJ  money_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  father_NN  's_VBZ  death_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
  same_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  passport_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  gone_VBN  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  turn_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  dustbin_NN  somewhere_RR  or_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drawer_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  are_VBR  concerned_VBN  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  .  
  in_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  minds_NNS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  be_VB0  pretty_RR  sure_JJ  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  good_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  suicide_NN  letter_NN  did_VDD  the_AT1  trick_NN    definite_JJ  proof_NN  that_CS  your_APP$  father_NN  took_VVD  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  backed_VBN  by_IO  medical_JJ  evidence_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fingerprint_NN  chaps_NNS  .    
  a_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  thin_JJ  brown_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  ruddy_JJ  complexion_NN  came_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  greeted_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  a_AT1  short_JJ  white_JJ  coat_NN  .  
  Hugh_NP  ordered_VVD  drinks_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  sorry_JJ  to_TO  read_VV0  about_IO  your_APP$  dad_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  to_IO  Hugh_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  voice_NN  which_DDQ  bore_VVD  traces_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  cockney_NN  accent_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  your_APP$  friend_NN  how_CS he_PPHO1  come_VVD  in_IO  here_RL  the_AT1  very_DA  night_NN  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  away_RP  .    
  Hugh_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  impressed_VBN  with_IO  this_DD1  ingratiating_JJ  barman_NN  whom_WPO  Roddy_NP  had_VHD  raked_VBN  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seedy_JJ  and_CC  middle-aged_JJ  with_IO  small_JJ  black_JJ  eyes_NNS  set_VBN  close_RR  together_RR  beneath_IO  heavily_RR  marked_JJ  brows_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  sly_JJ  ,_,  crafty_JJ  expression_NN  that_PNQS failed_VVD  to_TO  inspire_VV0  confidence_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hitting_VBG  the_AT1  bottle_NN  pretty_RR  hard_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  .    the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  loud_JJ  whisper_NN  .  
    meaning_VBG  no_AT1  offence_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  Hugh_NP  .  what_DDQ  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  really_RR  wanted_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  copy_NN  of_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  will_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  impossible_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  unpleasant_JJ  to_TO  contemplate_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  ideas_NNS  might_VM  feel_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  entitled_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  provision_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  for_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  event_NN  of_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  death_NN  .  
  now_CS  that_CS  Rose_NP  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  picture_NN  had_VHD  changed_VBN  substantially_RR  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_PN1  one_PN  to_TO  share_VV0  the_AT1  vast_JJ  fortune_NN  with_IO  Lisabelle_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  sole_JB  beneficiary_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  would_VM  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  very_RG  rich_JJ  young_JJ  woman_NN  indeed_RGA  .  
    sorry_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  long_RR  ,_,    Peter's_PPIO2  voice_NN  made_VVD  Mary_NP  jump_VV0  guiltily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  my_APP$  hand_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  cheese_NN  concoction_NN  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  you_PPY  liked_VVD  .  
  and_CC  heated_VVD  up_RP  some_DD  soup_NN  .  
  you_PPY  deserve_VV0  better_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  cold_JJ  snack_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  an_AT1  appetizingly_RR  set_JJ  tray_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cleared_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  table_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  only_RR  taken_VBN  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  behalf_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  foreseen_VBN  exactly_RR  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  food_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  appeal_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  beyond_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  was_VBDZ  such_DA  charming_JJ  friendliness_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  manner_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  looking_JJ  fair-haired_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  so_RG  blue_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  tanned_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  steel_VV0  herself_PPX1  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  charm_NN  and_CC  good_JJ  looks_NNS  and_CC  attentiveness_NN  in_IO  small_JJ  ways_NNS  were_VBDR  qualities_NNS  essential_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fortune_NN  hunter_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  bore_VVD  no_AT1  relation_NN  to_IO  trustworthiness_NN  or_CC  character_NN  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  Peter's_PPIO2  gift_NN  for_IO  companionable_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,  grateful_JJ  though_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  forced_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  conversation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  open_VV0  ,_,  heard_VVD  the_AT1  rustle_NN  of_IO  silk_NN  just_RR  as_CS  Peter_NP  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  tray_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  empty_JJ  dishes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  quite_RR  still_JJ  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  an_AT1  eloquent_JJ  ,_,  far-from-old-world_JB  ,_,      wow_UH  !_!    
  Lisabelle's_PPIO2  cheeks_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  watermelon_NN  pink_JJ  silk_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  presented_VVD  herself_PPX1  for_IO  Mary's_PPIO2  inspection_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dress_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  unusual_JJ  care_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  to_TO  arrange_VV0  her_APP$  smooth_JJ  black_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lipstick_NN  and_CC  powder_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  put_VBN  on_RP  with_IO  surprising_JJ  skill_NN  had_VHD  transformed_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  beauty_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  transformed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  dream_VV0  clothes_NNS  could_VM  make_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  difference_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  buy_VV0  all_DB  my_APP$  clothes_NNS  for_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  although_CS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ruefully_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  where_CS I_PPIS1  'd_VM  wear_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  where_CS I_PPIS1  'll_VM  even_RR  wear_VV0  this_DD1  .    
    in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  're_VBR  staying_VBG  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  was_VBDZ  heaven-sent_JJ  .  
    look_VV0  ,_,  Lisabelle_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  guarantee_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  time_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  adore_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  .    
  Lisabelle's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  shone_VVD  like_IO  stars_NNS  .  
    then_RL  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  all_RR  set_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  job_NN  here_RL  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  finished_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  days_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  ring_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  airport_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  our_APP$  reservations_NNS  .  
  luckily_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  guest_NN  room_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  apartment_NN    a_AT1  tiny_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  .    
      mind_VV0    .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  bliss_NN  .    
  then_RL  the_AT1  sparkle_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  green_JJ  eyes_NNS  vanished_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  excitement_NN  ebbed_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  quiet_NN  of_IO  despair_NN  ,_,  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  leave_VV0  Dad_NNSB1  .    
  Peter_NP  moved_VVD  resolutely_RR  off_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  tray_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  picked_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  and_CC  lighted_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  without_IO  speaking_VBG  .  
  Lisabelle_NP  glanced_VVD  appealing_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  understand_VV0  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  ,_,  lambie_NN  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  raised_VVD  her_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  Lisabelle_NP  leaned_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  real_JJ  kiss_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  29_MC  .  
  Sunday_NN1  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  golden_JJ  day_NN  of_IO  sunshine_NN  .  
  a_AT1  day_NN  when_CS every_AT1  instinct_NN  rebelled_VVD  against_IO  staying_VBG  indoors_RL  .  
  the_AT1  chances_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  the_AT1  telephone_NN  call_NN  until_IO  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  earliest_JJT  ,_,  Mary_NP  thought_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dynamic_JJ  quality_NN  about_IO  James_NP  Danford_NP  that_PNQS made_VVD  anything_PN1  possible_JJ  .  
  at_IO  10_MC  o'clock_RR  Mary_NP  reluctantly_RR  rose_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  canvas_NN  chair_NN  outside_IO  her_APP$  door_NN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  basking_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  garden_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  last_DA  person_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  with_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  would_VM  willingly_RR  have_VH0  shared_VBN  this_DD1  tense_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  waiting_NN  was_VBDZ  ensconced_VBN  there_RL  .  
  Dora_NP  May_NP  was_VBDZ  settled_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  upholstered_JJ  chair_NN  ,_,  Sunday_NN1  newspapers_NNS  strewn_VBN  all_RR  around_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  her_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  high-heeled_JJ  pink_JJ  linen_NN  sandals_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  resting_VBG  on_IO  an_AT1  upholstered_JJ  stool_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dressed_VBN  entirely_RR  in_IO  pink_NN  .  
  the_AT1  black_NN  of_IO  mourning_NN  for_IO  Rose_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  quickly_RR  discarded_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  importance_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  imparted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  legacy_NN  Rose_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  waiting_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  Cousin_NNSB1  Hilary_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  brought_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  mail_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  four_MC  letters_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  very_RG  exciting_JJ  ,_,  though_RR  .    
  Mary_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  chair_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  back_NN  turned_VBN  to_IO  Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  gaze_NN  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  letters_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  judged_VBN  ,_,  very_RG  exciting_JJ  .  
  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  reading_VBG  the_AT1  one_MC1  from_IO  her_APP$  assistant_NN  a_AT1  second_MD  time_NN  ,_,  when_CS Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  flat_JJ  nasal_JJ  voice_NN  broke_VVD  in_RP  .  
    a_AT1  little_JJ  bird_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  had_VHD  a_AT1  real_RG  long_JJ  visit_NN  with_IO  Manuel_NP  night_NN  before_IO  last_DA  .    
  Mary_NP  put_VVD  all_DB  her_APP$  letters_NNS  into_IO  her_APP$  purse_NN  ,_,  rose_VVD  without_IO  haste_NN  and_CC  moved_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  .  
  despite_IO  the_AT1  warmth_NN  outside_RP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  cool_JJ  in_IO  here_RL  and_CC  the_AT1  fire_NN  was_VBDZ  welcome_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  tossed_VVD  the_AT1  envelopes_NNS  onto_IO  the_AT1  blaze_NN  ,_,  stood_VVD  watching_VBG  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  somehow_RR  she_PPHO1  must_VM  manage_VV0  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  this_DD1  wretched_JJ  creature_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  tight_JJ  blonde_JJ  curls_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  every_AT1  word_NN  and_CC  gesture_NN  irritated_VVD  her_PPHO1  almost_RR  beyond_IO  endurance_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  dislodging_VBG  her_PPHO1  ;_;  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rooted_VBN  here_RL  .  
  nor_CC  could_VM  any_DD  power_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  stop_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  talking_VBG  .  
  Mary_NP  realized_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  wisdom_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  situation_NN  without_IO  further_JB  protest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  extract_VV0  some_DD  benefit_NN  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Dora_NP  May_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  household_NN  for_IO  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  years_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  possess_VV0  information_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  value_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  least_RG  observant_JJ  person_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  learned_VBN  a_AT1  vast_JJ  amount_NN  ;_;  and_CC  she_PPHO1  possessed_VVD  abnormal_JJ  curiosity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  difficulty_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  getting_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  talk_VV0  ,_,  heaven_NN  knew_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  diverting_VBG  her_APP$  talk_NN  into_IO  channels_NNS  of_IO  potential_JJ  usefulness_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  knowing_VBG  when_CS Hilary_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  .  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0  but_CS  loaf_VV0  and_CC  wait_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  distance_NN  call_NN  about_IO  some_DD  materials_NNS  I_PPIS1  need_VV0  .    
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  sensible_JJ  to_TO  slip_VV0  this_DD1  in_RP  .  
    so_RR  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  any_DD  help_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  how_CS .  
  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  is_VBZ  for_IO  Cousin_NNSB1  Hilary_NP  to_TO  advance_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  money_NN  Rose_NP  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hardly_RR  do_VD0  that_DD1  .  
  twenty-five_MC  thousand_MC  dollars_NNS  is_VBZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  sum_NN  .  
  although_CS  to_IO  Hilary_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  peanuts_NNS  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  glint_NN  in_IO  Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  cold_JJ  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  signpost_NN  the_AT1  least_RG  discerning_JJ  could_VM  follow_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  positive_JJ  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  firmly_RR  ,_,    that_CS  twenty-five_MC  thousand_MC  dollars_NNS  does_VBZ  n't_XX  mean_VV0  any_DD  more_DA  to_IO  Hilary_NP  than_CS  twenty-five_MC  cents_NNS  would_VM  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    then_RL  why_CS has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  mortgaged_VBN  this_DD1  ranch_NN  .    
  Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  shrill_JJ  with_IO  triumph_NN  .  
    borrowed_VBN  every_AT1  penny_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  just_RR  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  about_IO  his_APP$  affairs_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  need_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  much_DA  about_IO  Hilary_NP  's_VBZ  affairs_NNS  to_TO  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  richest_JJT  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  misinformed_VBN  about_IO  his_APP$  borrowing_VBG  money_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  as_CS  if_CS  dismissing_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  subject_NN  ,_,  picked_VVD  up_RP  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  pretended_VVD  interest_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  headlines_NNS  .  
  Dora_NP  May_NP  rose_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  bait_NN  .  
    Hilary's_PPIO2  lawyer's_NN1$  secretary_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  close_JJ  personal_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  .  
  I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  misinformed_JJ  about_IO  documents_NNS  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  up_RP  herself_PPX1  !_!  
  and_CC  came_VVD  out_RP  here_RL  with_IO  the_AT1  notary_NN  and_CC  signed_VVD  as_IO  witness_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  very_DA  afternoon_NN  of_IO  Rose's_PPIO2  funeral_NN  .    
    more_DA  trouble_NN  in_IO  Africa_NP  .    
  Mary_NP  kept_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  sorry_JJ  ,_,  Dora_NP  May_NP  .  you_PPY  said_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  documents_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  thinking_VBG  ,_,  with_IO  wicked_JJ  amusement_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  blame_VV0  her_PPHO1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  slapped_VVD  me_PPIO1  !_!  then_RL  shrank_VVD  within_IO  herself_PPX1  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  wrath_NN  in_IO  Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  voice_NN  made_VVD  that_DD1  outcome_NN  not_XX  impossible_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  need_VM  n't_XX  high-hat_VV0  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  trying_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  something_PN1  for_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  good_NN    if_CS  you_PPY  ever_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  paid_VBN  for_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  doing_VBG  here_RL  !_!  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  something_PN1  else_RR  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  your_APP$  pipe_NN  and_CC  smoke_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  so_PN1  long_RR  as_CS  Rose_NP  was_VBDZ  alive_JJ  Hilary_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  mortgaged_VBN  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  owned_VVD  without_IO  her_APP$  consent_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  given_VBN  it_PPH1  .  .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  alive_JJ  today_NN1  if_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  willing_JJ  to_TO  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  crazy_JJ  !_!    Mary_NP  declared_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  hide_VV0  her_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  shock_NN  .  
  Dora_NP  May_NP  was_VBDZ  gratified_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  Rose_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  kill_VV0  herself_PPX1  .  
  why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  go_VV0  to_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Summersby's_PPIO2  office_NN  and_CC  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  those_DD2  pain-killers_NNS  of_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  if_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  suspicion_VV0  something_PN1  .    
  on_IO  guard_NN  now_RL  ,_,  Mary_NP  resorted_VVD  to_IO  counter-attack_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  said_VVD  once_RR  that_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Summersby's_PPIO2  nurse_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  yours_PP$  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,    
    we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_IO  school_NN  together_RR  .    
    and_CC  the_AT1  good_JJ  doctor_NN  tells_VBZ  her_PPHO1  everything_PN1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  not_XX  exactly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  dictaphone_NN  things_NNS  so_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  keep_VV0  a_AT1  record_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  his_APP$  patients_NNS  say_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  he_PPHO1  forgot_VVD  to_TO  turn_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  when_CS you_PPY  were_VBDR  there_RL  .    
  Mary's_PPIO2  mind_NN  flashed_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  interview_NN  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Summersby_NP  .  
  just_RR  what_DDQ  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  said_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  so-called_JB  privacy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  asked_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  English_JJ  valet's_NN1$  address_NN  ,_,  asked_VBN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Manuel_NP  .  
  spoken_VBN  of_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  plans_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  festive_JJ  wedding_NN  for_IO  Manuel_NP  and_CC  Sarita_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  that_PNQS Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  bird-brain_NN  could_VM  fasten_VV0  on_IO  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  such_DA  a_AT1  bird-brain_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  inventing_VBG  this_DD1  fantasy_NN  of_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  desperate_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  money_NN  .  
  the_AT1  details_NNS  had_VHD  sounded_VBN  disturbingly_RR  convincing_JJ  .  
  Hilary_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  niggardly_JJ  gambler_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  easily_RR  be_VB0  all_DB  or_CC  nothing_PN1  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  notary_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  funeral_NN  .  
  Lisabelle_NP  and_CC  Peter_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  riding_VBG  and_CC  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  for_IO  hours_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  certainly_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  given_VBN  \0Dr_NNSB1  Summersby_NP  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  Hilary_NP  had_VHD  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  Rose's_PPIO2  death_NN  ,_,    Mary_NP  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  question_NN  that_PNQS bothered_VVD  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  why_CS she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  her_APP$  own_DA  life_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  take_VV0  it_PPH1  deliberately_RR  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  all_DB  about_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  Dallas_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  very_RG  happy_JJ  if_CS  eventually_RR  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  married_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  deserved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  happy_JJ  .    
  Dora_NP  May_NP  looked_VVD  up_RP  .  
  again_RR  she_PPHO1  astonished_VVD  Mary_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  tears_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  tears_NNS  of_IO  self-pity_NN  ,_,  
    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  friend_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  at_IO  the_AT1  ranch_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  outsider_NN  .  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  Rose_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  Hilary_NP  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  bankrupt_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  another_DD1  startling_JJ  shift_NN  of_IO  mood_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS she_PPHO1  left_VVD  her_APP$  jewellery_NN  to_IO  Lisabelle_NP  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  to_TO  complain_VV0  .  
  not_XX  little_JJ  old_JJ  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  understand_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  .    
  she_PPHO1  swung_VVD  her_APP$  pink_JJ  sandals_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  footrest_NN  ,_,  got_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  ;_;  elaborately_RR  smoothing_VBG  the_AT1  pink_JJ  linen_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  rounded_JJ  hips_NNS  ,_,  patting_VBG  her_APP$  tight_JJ  blonde_JJ  curls_NNS  .  
    if_CS  Rose_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  that_DD1  will_NN  after_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  words_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  blamed_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  while_CS  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  fine_JJ  between_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  so_RR  Dora_NP  May_NP  had_VHD  quarrelled_VBN  with_IO  Rose_NP  !_!  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  angle_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  explored_VBN  .  
  had_VHD  Dora_NP  May_NP  tried_VBN  to_TO  blackmail_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  Mary_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  probably_RR  did_VDD  n't_XX  think_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VM  really_RR  tell_VV0  Hilary_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  Dallas_NP  .    
  Dora_NP  May_NP  pressed_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  red_JJ  pucker_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  over-powdered_JJ  face_NN  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  wary_JJ  .  
  obviously_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wondering_VBG  whether_CS  denial_NN  would_VM  do_VD0  any_DD  good_NN  ,_,  since_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  knowing_VBG  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  Hilary_NP  had_VHD  confided_VBN  in_IO  Mary_NP  .  
  never_RR  had_VHD  Mary_NP  thought_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  when_CS Dora_NP  May's_PPIO2  silence_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  unwelcome_JJ  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  silent_JJ  ,_,  Mary_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  shaken_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  your_APP$  considered_JJ  opinion_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,    that_CS  Hilary_NP  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  Rose's_PPIO2  death_NN  .    
    goodness_NN  gracious_JJ  no_UH  !_!  
  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  dare_VV0  put_VV0  words_NNS  into_IO  my_APP$  mouth_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  how_CS else_RR  to_TO  interpret_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  said_VVD  ,_,    Mary_NP  kept_VVD  her_APP$  voice_NN  calmly_RR  reasonable_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  claim_VV0  Rose_NP  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  consented_VBN  to_IO  Hilary's_PPIO2  borrowing_VBG  the_AT1  money_NN  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  .  
  you_PPY  said_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  Rose_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  consented_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  alive_JJ  today_NN1  .  
  what_DDQ  other_DA  construction_NN  can_VM  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  .    people_NNS  were_VBDR  n't_XX  enemies_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  house_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  swept_VBN  inside_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  faces_NNS  and_CC  eyes_NNS  and_CC  reaching_JJ  hands_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  stood_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  invisible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  hands_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  quick_JJ  voices_NNS  had_VHD  all_DB  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  afterwards_RR  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  someone_PN1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  her_PPHO1  up_RP  and_CC  gone_VBN  straight_RR  away_RP  again_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  next_DA  door_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  baby_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  heard_VBN  voices_NNS  in_IO  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  communicating_JJ  door_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  faint_JJ  voices_NNS  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  desperately_RR  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  flower-painted_JJ  china_NN  knob_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  apple-green_JJ  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  go_VV0  through_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  somehow_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  dreadful_JJ  feeling_NN  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  find_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  and_CC  truly_RR  invisible_JJ  ;_;  that_CS  eyes_NNS  would_VM  look_VV0  through_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  steps_NNS  go_VV0  past_RP  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  see_VV0  or_CC  hear_VV0  her_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  desperately_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  crazy_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  turned_VVD  sharply_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  door_NN    the_AT1  one_MC1  leading_VBG  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  ,_,  white-painted_JJ  corridor_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  ,_,      come_VV0  in_RP    and_CC  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  ,_,  to_TO  release_VV0  bright_JJ  electric_JJ  light_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  twilighted_JJ  room_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  bounced_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  scattering_VBG  gay_JJ  colour_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  carpeted_JJ  floor_NN  .  
  a_AT1  grey_JJ  ghost_NN  followed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  figure_NN  looked_VVD  like_IO  .  
  grey_JJ  and_CC  blurred_VBN  .  
  hastily_RR  Lea_NP  groped_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  glasses_NNS  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ghost_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  plump_JJ  ,_,  grey-haired_JJ  woman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  grey_JJ  pleated_JJ  skirt_NN  and_CC  grey_JJ  jumper_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  downstairs_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  which_WDTI  one_MC1  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  names_NNS  and_CC  distinctions_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  jumbled_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  the_AT1  grey_JJ  woman_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  now_RL  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  Abby_NP  Paladrey_NP    Mort's_PPIO2  sister_NN  ,_,  just_RR  in_IO  case_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  things_NNS  clear_JJ  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  introduced_VBN  .    
    how_CS .  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  .    
  Lea_NP  rose_VVD  stiffly_RR  ,_,  jerkily_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  seat_NN  ,_,  striving_VBG  to_TO  brush_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  creases_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  cheap_JJ  blue_JJ  linen_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  skirt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  started_VBN  to_TO  tidy_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  found_VBN  like_IO  this_DD1    a_AT1  mess_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS she_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  herself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  coming_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  looked_VBN  terrible_JJ  .  
  all_RR  eyes_NNS  and_CC  white_JJ  hollow_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  cheap_JJ  ,_,  crumpled_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  comfortable_JJ  .    Abby_NP  Paladrey_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  bright_JJ  gaze_NN  going_VBG  from_IO  Lea_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  shabby_JJ  suitcase_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
    not_XX  unpacked_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  send_VV0  Edith_NP  up_RP  to_TO  help_VV0  you_PPY  then_RL  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  Edith_NP  Camm_NP  .  
  our_APP$  housemaid_NN  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  worker_NN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  silly_JJ  about_IO  boys_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  just_RR  one_MC1  boy_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  and_CC  leave_VV0  ,_,  young_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  all_RR  too_RG  independent_JJ  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Stewart_NP  too_RR  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  our_APP$  daily_NN  ,_,  Rita_NP  Stewart_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  widow_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  expecting_VBG  that_CS  Lea_NP  would_VM  break_VV0  her_APP$  silence_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  brisk_JJ  ,_,  clackety_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS reminded_VVD  Lea_NP  of_IO  nothing_PN1  so_RG  much_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  childhood_NN  memory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  next_DA  door_NN  playing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  morse_NN  set_NN  .  
  clack_NN  ,_,  clack_NN  ,_,  clackety_JJ  ,_,  clack_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  like_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  two_MC  housemaids_NNS  at_RR  least_RR  and_CC  a_AT1  cook_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  girl_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  maybe_RR  more_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  get_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  can_VM  and_CC  be_VB0  thankful_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  ,_,  even_RR  at_IO  home_NN1  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  full_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  for_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  rough_JJ  work_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  never_RR  had_VHD  money_NN  or_CC  much_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  even_RR  in_IO  Wales_NP  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  all_DB  changed_VBN  .    
  the_AT1  words_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  flowing_VBG  over_IO  Lea_NP  .  
  like_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  going_VBG  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  .  
  softly_RR  ,_,  pleasantly_RR  .  
  lulling_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  big_JJ  wave_NN  of_IO  surprise_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  jerked_VVD  .  
    Wales_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  Americans_NP2  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Paladrey_NP  looked_VVD  equally_RR  surprised_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  rosebud_NN  mouth_NN  went_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  crumpled_JJ  O_ZZ1  .  
  she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  Babby_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Honor_NP  .  
  and_CC  Eddie_NP  was_VBDZ  .    
  her_APP$  plump_JJ  bosom_NN  went_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  down_RP  ,_,  just_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  billowing_JJ  wave_NN  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  explaining_VBG  ,_,  
    they_PPHS2  all_DB  came_VVD  from_IO  America_NP  .  
  Babba_NP  married_VVD  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sixteen_MC  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  worse_JJ  than_IO  Edith_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX    they_PPHS2  all_DB  seem_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  over_RP  there_RL  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  Ed_NP  Anwood_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  years_NNS  back_RP  and_CC  then_RL  came_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  young_JJ  Eddie_NP  got_VVD  his_APP$  draft_NN  papers_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  them_PPHO1  before_II  ,_,  only_LE  he_PPHO1  hurt_VVD  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  at_IO  football_NN  or_CC  somesuch_PN1  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  spent_VBN  in_IO  treatment_NN  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  deferred_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  finally_RR  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  .  
  into_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  force_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  next_DA  thing_NN  they_PPHS2  sent_VVD  him_PPHO1  over_RP  here_RL  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  his_APP$  spell_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  .  
  so_RR  Babba_NP  packed_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  followed_VVD  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  Ian_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  father_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  gentleman_NN  was_VBDZ  dying_VBG  then_RL  and_CC  when_CS Babba_NP  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  offer_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  yes_UH  .    
    an_AT1  offer_NN  .    
  Lea_NP  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  dizzy_JJ  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  no_AT1  idea_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  now_RL  ,_,  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  then_RL  .  
  so_PN1  Babby_NP  says_VBZ  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  even_RR  when_CS we_PPIS2  came_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  different_JJ  to_IO  now_RL  .  
  Babba_NP  's_VHZ  just_RR  poured_VBN  money_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  silent_JJ  .  
  Lea_NP  saw_VVD  with_IO  surprise_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  rosebudy_JJ  mouth_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  bud_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  thin_JJ  and_CC  straight_JJ  and_CC  tight_JJ  .  
  then_RL  abruptly_RR  it_PPH1  relaxed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  bright_JJ  little_JJ  eyes_NNS  looked_VVD  into_IO  hers_PP$  and_CC  the_AT1  clackety-clack_NN  continued_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  break_NN  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  .  
    Ian_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  agree_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  sale_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  things_NNS  being_VBG  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  
  so_RR  Babba_NP  moved_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  Ian_NP  took_VVD  over_RP  managing_VBG  the_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  when_CS Mort_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  Wales_NP  .  
  our_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  songster_NN  .  
  Lloyd_NP  Paladrey_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  again_RR  ;_;  expectant_JJ  .  
  Lea_NP  said_VVD  with_IO  embarrassment_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  much_DA  about_IO  music_NN  .    
    oh_UH  well_UH  ,_,    Abby_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  discouraged_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  dreamer_NN  ever_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  any_DD  good_NN  .  
  people_NNS  used_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  never_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  penny_NN  or_CC  two_MC  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  later_RRR  on_RP  Mort_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  London_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  little_JJ  packet_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  house_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  things_NNS  were_VBDR  just_RR  perfect_JJ  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beverly_NP  .  
  then_RL  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  touring_NN  holiday_NN  .  
  a_AT1  coach_NN  trip_NN  ,_,  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  group_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  day_NN  we_PPIS2  finished_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  castle_NN  .  
  Babba_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  sight-seeing_VBG  with_IO  Eddie_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  on_IO  leave_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  bought_VBN  this_DD1  place_NN  by_IO  then_RL  and_CC  had_VHD  settled_VBN  in_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  jokes_NNS  about_IO  it_PPH1  being_VBG  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  monument_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  restored_VBN  for_IO  England_NP  .  
    well_UH  Mort_NP  fell_VVD  for_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  .    
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  gesture_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  plump_JJ  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  pouter_NN  bosom_NN  billowed_VVD  again_RR  .  
  Lea_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  things_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  perfect_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  add_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  present_VV0  events_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  expressionless_JJ  .  
  almost_RR  apologetically_RR  ,_,  Abby_NP  added_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  talked_VBN  enough_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  put_VV0  you_PPY  straight_JJ  about_IO  everyone_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  you_PPY  looked_VVD  dazed_VBN  down_RP  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  things_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  take_VV0  in_RP  .    
  Lea_NP  thought_VVD  warmly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  invisible_JJ  to_IO  one_MC1  person_NN  anyway_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  swift_JJ  gratitude_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  plump_JJ  ,_,  chattering_JJ  woman_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  dazed_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  .  
  Abby_NP  nodded_VVD  vehemently_RR  ,_,  
    just_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  ferris_NN  wheel_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  think_VV0  .  
  Honor_NP  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  go_VV0  on_IO  one_MC1  once_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  fair_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  .  
  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  and_CC  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  and_CC  never_RR  getting_VBG  to_IO  any_DD  place_NN  and_CC  then_RL  leaving_VBG  you_PPY  that_RG  dizzy_JJ  .  .    
  Lea_NP  repeated_VVD  dully_RR  ,_,      a_AT1  ferris_NN  wheel_NN  ,_,    and_CC  shivered_VVD  ;_;  remembered_VVD  a_AT1  long-ago_JB  scene_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  tiny_JJ  then_RL  .  
  her_APP$  parents_NNS  had_VHD  taken_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  fair_NN  and_CC  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  wheel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  sparred_JJ  skeleton_NN  of_IO  bright_JJ  red_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  sky_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  round_II  and_CC  round_RP  and_CC  then_RL  people_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  screaming_VBG  and_CC  the_AT1  wheel_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  slowly_RR  apart_RP  and_CC  had_VHD  .  .  
  crash_NN  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  nightmare_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  tearingly_RR  ,_,  to_TO  hear_VV0  Abby_NP  saying_VBG  brightly_RR  ,_,  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  now_RL  .    
  will_VM  I_PPIS1  .  
  Lea_NP  wondered_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  unconsciously_RR  her_APP$  gaze_NN  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  door_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  now_RL  seemed_VVD  silent_JJ  beyond_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Abby_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  followed_VBN  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  gaze_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    so_RR  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  who_PNQS  everyone_PN1  is_VBZ  now_RL  .  
  Honor_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  tall_JJ  fair_JJ  girl_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  know_VV0  Ian_NP  ,_,  and_CC  .  .    
  Lea_NP  spoke_VVD  without_IO  thinking_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  does_VBZ  Ian_NP  think_VV0  of_IO  being_VBG  just_RR  a_AT1  servant_NN  here_RL  now_RL    in_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  home_NN1  .    
  Abby_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  answer_VV0  without_IO  thought_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  he_PPHO1  hates_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  us_PPIO2   .    
  chapter_NN  four_MC  .  
  Lea_NP  woke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  certain_JJ  knowledge_NN  that_CS  something_PN1  unpleasant_JJ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  faced_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  still_JJ  ,_,  staring_VBG  upwards_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  ceiling_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shadow_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  just_RR  over_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  then_RL  rolled_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  sat_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  reaching_VBG  for_IO  her_APP$  glasses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  shadow_NN  resolved_VVD  itself_PPX1  into_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  brown_JJ  moth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  alien_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  carefully_RR  decorated_JJ  pastel_JJ  bedroom_NN  .  
  like_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  Lea_NP  thought_VVD  and_CC  glanced_VVD  across_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  communicating_JJ  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  slid_VVD  softly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  padding_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  thick_JJ  carpet_NN  ,_,  hesitating_VBG  ,_,  then_RL  turned_VVD  the_AT1  china_NN  door-knob_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  room_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  too-thin_JB  figure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fragile_JJ  blue_JJ  nylon_NN  nightgown_NN  .  
  the_AT1  baby_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  asleep_JJ  .  
  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  trace_VV0  some_DD  resemblance_NN  to_IO  herself_PPX1  in_IO  his_APP$  tiny_JJ  features_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  .  
  standing_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  much_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  glad_JJ  for_IO  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  warmth_NN  and_CC  shelter_NN  and_CC  food_NN  and_CC  comfort_NN  .  
  and_CC  apparent_JJ  friendship_NN  .  
  at_IO  dinner_NN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  evening_NN  Babba_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  friendly_JJ  ;_;  had_VHD  striven_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  stranger_NN  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  .  
  so_PN1  had_VHD  Abby_NP  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  constant_JJ  stream_NN  of_IO  chatter_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  dairy_NN  herd_NN  of_IO  Fen_NNL1  House_NNL1  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  Fens_NPLS  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  about_IO  their_APP$  neighbours_NNS  .  
  Lea_NP  remembered_VVD  that_CS  Mort_NP  Paladrey_NP  had_VHD  put_VBN  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  interrupted_VBN  one_MC1  cheerfully_RR  scandalous_JJ  anecdote_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  terse_JJ  ,_,  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  libel_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  n't_XX  so_PN1  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  mean-minded_JJ  gossiping_JJ  old_JJ  woman_NN  .    
  Abby's_PPIO2  putty-blob_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nose_NN  had_VHD  turned_VBN  red_JJ  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  Lea_NP  had_VHD  feared_VBN  a_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  then_RL  Abby_NP  had_VHD  laughed_VBN  ;_;  had_VHD  turned_VBN  the_AT1  talk_NN  to_IO  something_PN1  else_RR  .  
  Lea_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  sure_JJ  of_IO  Mort_NP  Paladrey_NP  .  
  short_JJ  and_CC  rotund_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  thinning_JJ  grey_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  ruddy_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  which_DDQ  two_MC  surprisingly_RR  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  said_VBN  much_DA  and_CC  nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  to_IO  Lea_NP    not_XX  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  greeting_NN  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS Babba_NP  had_VHD  shooed_VBN  her_PPHO1  upstairs_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  said_VBN  goodnight_NN  .  
  Ian_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  very_RG  little_DA  and_CC  Honor_NP  had_VHD  just_RR  sat_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  eating_VBG  a_DA  little_DA  ,_,  smoking_VBG  a_AT1  lot_NN  ,_,  never_RR  even_RR  seeming_VBG  to_TO  gaze_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  guest_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  always_RR  ,_,  when_CS Lea_NP  looked_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  Honor's_PPIO2  grey_JJ  eyes_NNS  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
  that_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  uncomfortable_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  another_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  Jean_NP  McLone's_PPIO2  firm_JJ  ,_,  
    the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  asleep_JJ  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Beverly_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  now_RL  .    
  Lea_NP  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  held_VBN  her_APP$  ground_NN  .  
  gone_VBN  in_RP  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  .  
  something_PN1  inside_IO  her_PPHO1  had_VHD  curled_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  panic_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  said_VBN  something_PN1  vague_JJ  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_IO  bed_NN  without_IO  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  that_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  wondered_VBN  if_CS  downstairs_RL  they_PPHS2  would_VM  comment_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  say_VV0  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  love_VV0  the_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  right_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  acting_VBG  selfishly_RR  ,_,  denying_VBG  the_AT1  baby_NN  a_AT1  name_NN    but_CCB  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  name_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  security_NN  ,_,  comfort_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_DA  little_DA  at_RR  least_RR  .  
  far_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hope_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  dare_VV0  think_VV0  ahead_RR  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  tell_VV0  about_IO  Arthur_NP  ,_,  confess_VV0  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  preyed_VBN  on_IO  these_DD2  people_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  of_IO  comfort_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  mad_JJ  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  yet_RR  .  .  
  there_EX  'd_VHD  been_VBN  one_MC1  more_DA  uncomfortable_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  fallen_VBN  asleep_JJ  .  
  Edith_NP  Camm_NP  coming_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  just_RR  after_CS  Lea_NP  had_VHD  slipped_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  sheets_NNS    apple-green_JJ  sheets_NNS  that_PNQS matched_VVD  the_AT1  walls_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  made_VBN  Lea_NP  feel_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  apple-green_JJ  meringue_NN  .    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  very_RG  grateful_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
    you_PPY  need_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  touched_VBN  and_CC  flattered_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  manner_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  most_RG  attractive_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  friendliness_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  make_VV0  friends_NNS  easily_RR  ;_;  my_APP$  defences_NNS  go_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  of_IO  intimacy_NN  and_CC  when_CS people_NNS  realise_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  withdraw_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  young_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  ignoring_VBG  the_AT1  defences_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  liked_VVD  him_PPHO1  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  until_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  afterwards_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  shade_NN  too_RG  friendly_JJ  .  
  now_RL  all_DB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  Max_NP  and_CC  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  soon_RR  after_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  wait_VV0  until_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  bath_NN  and_CC  changed_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  linen_NN  dress_NN  .  
  there_EX  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  something_PN1  about_IO  my_APP$  appearance_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  found_VVD  disturbing_JJ  because_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  as_CS  though_CS  seeing_VBG  me_PPIO1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  waiting_VBG  for_IO  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  freshest_JJT  thing_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .    
    the_AT1  water_NN  was_VBDZ  cold_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    it_PPH1  nearly_RR  always_RR  is_VBZ  .    
  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  lightly_RR  brushed_VVD  something_PN1    powder_NN  perhaps_RR    from_IO  my_APP$  cheek_NN  .  
    cold_JJ  water_NN  suits_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  complain_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  here_RL  much_RR  longer_RRR  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  coming_VBG  to_IO  Greece_NP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  moved_VVD  away_RP  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  Max_NP  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  not_XX  yet_RR  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  first_RR  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  trousseau_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  refusing_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  seriously_RR  .  
    tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  while_CS  we_PPIS2  eat_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  chose_VVD  a_AT1  Greek_JJ  restaurant_NN  in_IO  Soho_NP  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  me_PPIO1  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  place_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  ;_;  I_PPIS1  needed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  talk_VV0  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  meal_NN  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Bletcham_NP  today_NN1  .    
    to_IO  Bletcham_NP  .    
  the_AT1  word_NN  was_VBDZ  heavily_RR  underlined_VBN  with_IO  surprise_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  with_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  you_PPY  'd_VM  think_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  only_RR  just_RR  started_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  boat_NN  and_CC  moor_VV0  it_PPH1  near_IO  Hardy's_PPIO2  house_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  rushed_VVD  on_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    why_CS .    
  the_AT1  question_NN  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  by_IO  surprise_NN  .  
    because_CS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  impatiently_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS murdered_VVD  Alice_NP  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  tried_VBN    if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  prove_VV0  anything_PN1    and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  witness_NN  .  
  you_PPY  surely_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  drag_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  up_RP  again_RR  .    
    if_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  guilty_JJ  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  through_IO  anything_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  convicted_VBN  .    
    why_CS .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  again_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  by_IO  your_APP$  voice_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  damned_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  reason_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  as_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  all_RR  that_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  Alice_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  interrupted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  arrival_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  food_NN  and_CC  wine_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  pouring_NN  ritual_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  as_RG  keen_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  man_NN  on_IO  justice_NN  being_VBG  done_VBN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rather_RR  see_VV0  you_PPY  happy_JJ  .    
    there_EX  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  any_DD  happiness_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  until_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  prove_VV0  him_PPHO1  guilty_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  already_RR  certain_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  it_PPH1  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    not_XX  quite_RR  .  
  well_UH    yes_UH  ,_,  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,    I_PPIS1  admitted_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN      
    must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  who_PNQS  .    Max_NP  prompted_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  longed_VVD  with_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  heart_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  my_APP$  suspicion_NN  remained_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  pretend_VV0  to_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  moments_NNS  of_IO  optimism_NN  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  true_JJ  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  Max_NP  he_PPHO1  might_VM  agree_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  could_VM  no_RR  longer_RRR  pretend_VV0  .  
    it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  anyone_PN1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  lamely_RR  .  
    so_RR  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  boat_NN  ,_,  though_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  nothing_PN1  about_IO  boats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  prove_VV0  Hardy's_PPIO2  guilt_NN  so_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS    anyone_PN1        there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  glint_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  the_AT1  word_NN      that_CS    anyone_PN1    was_VBDZ  innocent_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  serious_JJ  danger_NN  from_IO  Hardy_NP  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  wrong_JJ  you_PPY  'll_VM  most_RG  certainly_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  danger_NN  when_CS you_PPY  start_VV0  handling_VBG  a_AT1  boat_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  glass_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  thoughtfully_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  allow_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  very_RG  well_RR  stop_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  now_RL  I_PPIS1  could_VM  come_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  my_APP$  plate_NN  ,_,  not_XX  daring_VBG  to_TO  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  the_AT1  idea_NN  appealed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  reminding_VBG  myself_PPX1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  said_VBN  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  truth_NN  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  allow_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    deadlock_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Max_NP  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  determined_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  you_PPY  say_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  sounded_VVD  resigned_JJ  but_CCB  none_RR  the_RR  less_RR  hopeful_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  wilful_JJ  woman_NN  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  change_VV0  your_APP$  mind_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  thing_NN  is_VBZ  :_:  when_CS .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  wait_VV0  for_RR  ever_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  just_RR  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_DA  little_DA  time_NN  ,_,  Max_NP  ,_,  say_VV0  three_MC  months_NNS  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  discovered_VBN  anything_PN1  by_RP  then_RL  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  up_RP  trying_VBG  .    
    and_CC  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    and_CC  marry_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  chapter_NN  six_MC  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  office_NN  rang_VVD  up_RP  two_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  his_APP$  name_NN  as_IO  Clive_NP  Mortimer_NP  and_CC  pronounced_VVD  favourably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  moored_VBN  two_MC  miles_NNS  up_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  from_IO  Bletcham_NP  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  any_DD  time_NN  you_PPY  like_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
    the_AT1  sooner_RRR  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  get_VV0  to_IO  Bletcham_NP  this_DD1  evening_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  run_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  very_RG  nice_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  .    
    nice_JJ  ,_,  nothing_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  mad_JJ  about_IO  boats_NNS  .  
  seven_MC  thirty_MC  do_VD0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  meet_VV0  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  station_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    outside_IO  your_APP$  office_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  endure_VV0  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  wait_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  station_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  punctually_RR  .  
  dressed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  loud_JJ  tartan_NN  shirt_NN  and_CC  abbreviated_JJ  shorts_NNS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  hardly_RR  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cheerful_JJ  ,_,  good-natured_JJ  boy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  settled_VVD  me_PPIO1  into_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  touching_JJ  care_NN  and_CC  then_RL  drove_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  fiend_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  road_NN  .  
  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  lane_NN  and_CC  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  out_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  careful_JJ  courtesy_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  boat_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  corrected_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  converted_JJ  life-boat_NN  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  sound_JJ  enough_RGA  and_CC  the_AT1  engine_NN  's_VBZ  fine_JJ  .    
  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  river's_NN1$  edge_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  boats_NNS  moored_VBN  there_RL  and_CC  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  as_IO  mine_PP$  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  her_PPHO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Sandpiper_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  eye-catching_JJ  craft_NN  .  
  years_NNS  ago_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  white-painted_JJ  infancy_NN  she_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  hung_VBN  presentably_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  of_IO  some_DD  luxury_NN  liner_NN  but_CCB  now_RL  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  gaudy_JJ  ark_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  top-heavy_JJ  cabin_NN  streaked_VBN  with_IO  layers_NNS  of_IO  red_JJ  and_CC  green_JJ  and_CC  black_JJ  paint_NN  .  
  inside_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  untidy_JJ  and_CC  grubby_JJ  but_CCB  roomy_JJ  enough_RGA  and_CC  well_RR  lit_VBN  by_IO  two_MC  rows_NNS  of_IO  good-sized_JJ  windows_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  used_JJ  to_IO  calling_VBG  them_PPHO1  portholes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  owner_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  family_NN  had_VHD  tired_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  limited_JJ  excitement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  and_CC  now_RL  had_VHD  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  seagoing_JJ  boat_NN  .  
  Clive_NP    he_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  on_IO  being_VBG  called_VBN  Clive_NP    haggled_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  within_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  Sandpiper_NP  was_VBDZ  mine_PP$  for_IO  three_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  when_CS all_DB  the_AT1  business_NN  details_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  settled_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  owner_NN  had_VHD  departed_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  cheque_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  Clive_NP  started_VVD  the_AT1  engine_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  first_MD  lesson_NN  in_IO  manoeuvring_VBG  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  and_CC  in_RP  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  boats_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  warm_JJ  ,_,  still_JJ  evening_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  plop_NN  of_IO  fish_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  gentle_JJ  putter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  were_VBDR  infinitely_RR  soothing_JJ  after_IO  city_NN  noises_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  pronounced_VVD  me_PPIO1  riverworthy_JJ  and_CC  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  when_CS I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  moving_VBG  in_RP  .  
    at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  give_VV0  a_AT1  week's_NN1$  notice_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  mooring_VBG  her_PPHO1  nearer_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .    
    not_XX  much_RR  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  place_NN  just_RR  below_IO  Bletcham_NP  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  footbridge_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  doubtful_JJ  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  better_JJ  places_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  commented_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  .    
  he_PPHO1  stroked_VVD  Sandpiper's_PPIO2  wheel_NN  lovingly_RR  .  
    take_VV0  her_PPHO1  down_RP  there_RL  for_IO  you_PPY  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  so_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  longing_VBG  to_TO  play_VV0  with_IO  someone_PN1  else's_RR  toy_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  laughed_VVD  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Clive_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  manage_VV0  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pub_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  where_CS the_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  parked_VBN  ;_;  to_TO  soften_VV0  the_AT1  blow_NN  and_CC  also_RR  to_TO  thank_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  his_APP$  trouble_NN  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  afterwards_RR  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  me_PPIO1  back_RP  to_IO  Bletcham_NP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  parted_VVD  like_IO  old_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  another_DD1  meeting_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  refused_VVD  ;_;  the_AT1  boat_NN  was_VBDZ  such_DA  an_AT1  attraction_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  near_IO  it_PPH1  again_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  Friday_NN1  I_PPIS1  moved_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  flat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Max_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR    justifiably_RR    doubtful_JJ  of_IO  my_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  manage_VV0  a_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  to_TO  help_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  piled_VVD  all_DB  my_APP$  things_NNS  into_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  drove_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  where_CS the_AT1  boat_NN  was_VBDZ  moored_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Sandpiper_NP  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  look_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  much_DA  faith_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    that_DD1  fellow_NN  Mortimer_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    wants_VBZ  his_APP$  head_NN  seeing_VBG  to_IO  .  
  this_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  original_JJ  ark_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  so_PN1  too_RR  ,_,  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  nice_JJ  inside_RP  .  
  come_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  .    
  we_PPIS2  climbed_VVD  aboard_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  eased_VVD  his_APP$  wiry_JJ  frame_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  cabin_NN  door_NN  and_CC  wandered_VVD  about_RP  inside_RP  ,_,  opening_VBG  everything_PN1  that_PNQS would_VM  open_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  guessed_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  for_IO  leaks_NNS  and_CC  waited_VVD  anxiously_RR  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  one_MC1  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  only_DA  comment_NN  was_VBDZ  :_:      plenty_NN  of_IO  room_NN  in_IO  here_RL  for_IO  two_MC  ,_,    a_AT1  remark_NN  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  safer_JJ  to_TO  ignore_VV0  .  
  like_IO  Clive_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  enthusiastic_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  and_CC  decided_VVD  ,_,  apparently_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  strength_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  efficiency_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Sandpiper_NP  was_VBDZ  fit_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  more_RR  than_RR  thankful_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  help_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  had_VHD  installed_VBN  my_APP$  things_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  boat_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  move_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  river_NN  was_VBDZ  crowded_JJ  with_IO  flocks_NNS  of_IO  sailing_NN  boats_NNS  which_DDQ  swirled_VVD  round_IO  us_PPIO2   like_IO  gulls_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  locks_NNS  to_TO  negotiate_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  Max_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  kept_VVD  me_PPIO1  supplied_VBN  with_IO  important_JJ  bits_NNS  of_IO  information_NN  that_PNQS Clive_NP  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  to_TO  mention_VV0  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  keeping_VBG  to_IO  starboard_NN  and_CC  giving_VBG  way_NN  to_IO  sail_NN  .  
    how_CS on_IO  earth_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  play_VV0  about_RP  in_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  kid_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  acted_VVD  as_IO  guide_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  river_NN  boat_NN  one_MC1  summer_NN  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  myself_PPX1  going_VBG  between_IO  terms_NNS  at_IO  college_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  about_IO  Max_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  so_RG  many_DA  things_NNS  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  always_RR  something_PN1  new_JJ  and_CC  exciting_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  wonderful_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  meaning_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  nose_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  finger_NN  .  
    that_DD1  makes_VBZ  two_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  eight_MC  o'clock_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  tied_VVD  up_RP  almost_RR  exactly_RR  opposite_IO  Hardy's_PPIO2  garden_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  up_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cabin_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  could_VM  see_VV0  .  
  from_IO  this_DD1  side_NN  ,_,  Rivermead_NP  was_VBDZ  less_RG  forbidding_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  stood_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  velvety_JJ  lawn_NN  flanked_VBN  with_IO  flowering_JJ  trees_NNS  and_CC  shrubs_NNS  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lawn_NN  ,_,  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  edge_NN  ,_,  stood_VVD  an_AT1  ancient_JJ  boathouse_NN  shrouded_VBN  in_IO  wistaria_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  across_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  backwater_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  delicate_JJ  iron_NN  staircase_NN  climbing_VBG  the_AT1  outer_JB  wall_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  above_II  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  anyone_PN1  tonight_NN1  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  ,_,    Max_NP  said_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
    no_UH    wait_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  put_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  hand_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  shining_VBG  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dark_JJ  across_IO  there_RL  by_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  something_PN1  move_VV0  .    Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  beg_VV0  of_IO  you_PPY    you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  that_DD1  !_!    Andrea_NP  implored_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  !_!  
  to_TO    to_TO  beguile_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  love_VV0  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  trap_VV0  him_PPHO1    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  shameless_JJ  ,_,  horrible_JJ  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  it_PPH1  !_!    
    you_PPY  will_VM    because_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  !_!    Madam_NNSB1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  inflexibly_RR  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  impatiently_RR  :_:  
    heavens_NNS  ,_,  girl_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  a_AT1  to-do_NN  !_!  
  the_AT1  man_NN  is_VBZ  presentable_JJ  enough_RGA    and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  marry_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  get_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  Mistress_NNSB1  of_IO  Galleon_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  what_DDQ  more_DA  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  .    
    more_DA    much_DA  more_DA  !_!    
  Andrea_NP  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
    love_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .    Madam_NNSB1  asked_VVD  resignedly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  with_IO  all_DB  young_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  illusion_NN    a_AT1  mirage_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  do_VD0  very_RG  well_RR  without_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  or_CC  who_PNQS  knows_VBZ  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  fall_VV0  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Simon_NP  .    
    never_RR  !_!    Andrea_NP  declared_VVD  passionately_RR  .  
    never_RR  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  robbed_VBN  me_PPIO1      
    and_CC  here_RL  is_VBZ  your_APP$  chance_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  pay_VV0  back_RP  !_!    Madam_NNSB1  interrupted_VVD  .  
    now_RL  go_VV0  away_RP  and_CC  think_VV0  over_RP  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  advice_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  or_CC  anyone_PN1  else_RR  could_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  shut_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  resolutely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  because_CS  Andrea_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  purposeless_JJ  to_TO  stay_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  room_NN  .  
  as_CS  Madam's_NNSB2  door_NN  closed_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  thin_JJ  hand_NN  picked_VVD  nervously_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  sheet_NN  .  
  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  been_VBN  wise_JJ  .  
  ought_VM  she_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  hinted_VBN  at_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  truth_NN    that_CS  Simon_NP  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  .  
    no_UH  !_!    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  aloud_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  believed_VBN  it_PPH1  !_!  
  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  Simon_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  absurd_JJ  chivalry_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  need_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  encouragement_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  child_NN  has_VHZ  thought_VBN  it_PPH1  over_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  will_VM  give_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  all_DB  work_VV0  out_RP  as_CS  Leo_NP  planned_VVD      
  the_AT1  tired_JJ  eyes_NNS  closed_VVD  and_CC  Madam_NNSB1  drifted_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  brief_JJ  ,_,  easy_JJ  sleep_NN  of_IO  age_NN  .  
  and_CC  Simon_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  at_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  desk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tower_NN  room_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  feel_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  as_CS  Andrea_NP  herself_PPX1  had_VHD  done_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  it_PPH1  for_CS  granted_VBN  that_CS  Leo_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  everything_PN1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  reaction_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Leo's_PPIO2  heir_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  to_TO  refuse_VV0  his_APP$  inheritance_NN  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  grossly_RR  unfair_JJ  to_IO  Andrea_NP  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  accepted_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  accepting_VBG  banishment_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  country_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  home_NN1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  all_DB  his_APP$  life_NN  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR    and_CC  yet_RR    which_WDTI  was_VBDZ  home_NN1  .  
  that_DD1  far-off_JB  ,_,  sun-filled_JJ  house_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  glorious_JJ  views_NNS  of_IO  pasture_NN  and_CC  distant_JJ  mountains_NNS  .  
  or_CC  this_DD1  grim_JJ  ,_,  sturdy_JJ  house_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  practically_RR  a_AT1  fortress_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  arrival_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  this_DD1  place_NN  before_II  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  coming_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  ,_,  before_IO  very_RG  long_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  conscious_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  unreality_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  House_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  people_NNS  who_PNQS lived_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  having_VHG  thought_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  fantastic_JJ  ,_,  people_NNS  left_VBN  over_RP  from_IO  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  age_NN  who_PNQS defied_VVD  the_AT1  passing_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  Leo_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  adventurer_NN  .  
  Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  rare_JJ  ,_,  magnificent_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  their_APP$  age_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  the_AT1  ability_NN  to_TO  attract_VV0  and_CC  hold_VV0  the_AT1  devotion_NN  and_CC  loyalty_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  .  
  and_CC  Andrea_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  younger_JJ  version_NN  of_IO  Madam_NNSB1  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  ways_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  loyalty_NN  and_CC  courage_NN  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  doubt_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_RR  yet_RR  unsure_JJ  of_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  as_CS  Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  unsure_JJ  .  
  Andrea_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  all_DB  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  whatever_DDQ  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  must_VM  serve_VV0  her_APP$  best_JJT  interests_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  being_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  seem_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  somehow_RR  pass_VV0  his_APP$  inheritance_NN  on_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  more_DA  to_IO  it_PPH1  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  Luke_NP  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  .  
  and_CC  for_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  Galleon_NP  House_NNL1  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  all_RR  but_RR  solved_VBN  .  
  an_AT1  odd_JJ  word_NN  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  amusement_NN  in_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS    the_AT1  amusement_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  always_RR  enjoyed_VVD  playing_VBG  with_IO  fire_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  now_RL  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  tension_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  other_DA  things_NNS  too_RR  ,_,  some_DD  so_RG  nebulous_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  grasp_VV0  ,_,  some_DD  insignificant_JJ  in_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  but_CCB  adding_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  substance_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  incredible_JJ  conviction_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  convincing_JJ  to_IO  himself_PPX1  but_CCB  lacking_VBG  actual_JJ  proof_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  before_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  Madam_NNSB1  and_CC  demanded_VVD  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  fully_RR  intended_VVD  doing_VBG  .  
  already_RR  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  that_DD1  proof_NN  among_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  papers_NNS  .  
  sitting_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  quiet_JJ  room_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  guilt_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  through_IO  every_AT1  cupboard_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  drawer_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  file_NN  .  
  all_DB  dealt_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  normal_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  were_VBDR  in_IO  apple-pie_NN  order_NN  .  
  Leo_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  business_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC    everything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  safe_NN  too_RR  .  
  that_DD1  yielded_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  jewellery_NN  ,_,  though_CS  none_PN1  of_IO  very_RG  great_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  investments_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  statement_NN  showing_VBG  at_IO  which_WDTI  bank_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  deposited_VBN  and_CC  various_JJ  certificates_NNS  and_CC  statements_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  bank_NN  .  
  these_DD2  last_DA  Simon_NP  went_VVD  through_IO  carefully_RR  .  
  for_IO  a_DA  good_DA  many_DA  years_NNS  past_RP  Leo_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  paying_VBG  in_RP  large_JJ  sums_NNS  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN    twice_RR  or_CC  three_MC  times_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  very_RG  recently_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Simon_NP  recognised_VVD  it_PPH1  as_CS  being_VBG  approximately_RR  the_AT1  amount_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  diamond_NN  necklace_NN  and_CC  bracelet_NN  had_VHD  fetched_VBN  .  
  surely_RR  ,_,  all_DB  clear_JJ  and_CC  above_JJ  board_JJ"  !_!  
  and_CC  yet_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  satisfied_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  days_NNS  past_RP  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  growing_JJ  conviction_NN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  place_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  information_NN  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  .  
  that_DD1  story_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Leo_NP  had_VHD  confirmed_VBN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  Trevaine_NP  treasure_NN  buried_VBN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  itself_PPX1  ,_,  had_VHD  always_RR  fired_VBN  his_APP$  imagination_NN  .  
  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  stories_NNS  about_IO  it_PPH1  that_PNQS ,_,  to_IO  his_APP$  boyish_JJ  mind_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  held_VBN  the_AT1  very_DA  essence_NN  of_IO  romance_NN  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1  fact_NN  to_IO  Leo_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  where_CS the_AT1  entry_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hidden_JJ  chamber_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  more_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  key_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  slender_JJ  chain_NN  from_IO  around_IO  his_APP$  dead_JJ  cousin's_NN1$  neck_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  worn_VBN  it_PPH1  round_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  neck_NN  ever_RR  since_II  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  Madam_NNSB1  knew_VVD  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  since_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  no_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  with_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  doubtless_RR  been_VBN  told_VBN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  it_PPH1  off_RP  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  intently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  modern_JJ  key_NN  ,_,  beautifully_RR  made_VBN  and_CC  engraved_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  famous_JJ  firm_NN  of_IO  safe-makers_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  further_RRR  confirmed_VVD  his_APP$  suspicions_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  had_VHD  spoken_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  massive_JJ  oak_NN  door_NN  ,_,  studded_VBN  with_IO  steel_NN  bosses_NNS  and_CC  strengthened_VBN  with_IO  steel_NN  bars_NNS    strong_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  evidently_RR  not_XX  strong_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  please_VV0  Leo_NP  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  about_IO  ,_,  for_CS  only_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  story_NN  could_VM  he_PPHO1  decide_VV0    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  electric_JJ  torch_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  recently_RR  put_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  battery_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  bedroom_NN    a_AT1  room_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  claim_VV0  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  now_RL  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  since_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  used_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  fact_NN  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  trespassing_VBG  .  
  when_CS one_MC1  generation_NN  succeeded_VVD  another_DD1  over_IO  so_RG  many_DA  years_NNS  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  case_NN  here_RL  ,_,  some_DD  rooms_NNS  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  acquired_VVD  an_AT1  almost_RR  impersonal_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_PN1  here_RL  .  
  presumably_RR  Madam_NNSB1  had_VHD  given_VBN  orders_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  entirely_RR  cleared_VBN  of_IO  all_DB  of_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  personal_JJ  property_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  simply_RR  a_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  swept_VBN  and_CC  garnished_VBN  for_IO  its_APP$  next_DA  occupant_NN    himself_PPX1  .  
  like_IO  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  rooms_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  panelled_VBN  .  
  by_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  door_NN  which_DDQ  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  another_DD1  room_NN  .  
  Simon_NP  knew_VVD  better_RRR  .  
  carefully_RR  locking_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  come_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  door_NN  and_CC  flashed_VVD  on_RP  his_APP$  torch_NN  .  
  at_IO  right_JJ  angles_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  thickness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  massive_JJ  wall_NN  a_AT1  flight_NN  of_IO  stone_NN  steps_NNS  ran_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  oak_NN  door_NN    the_AT1  one_MC1  his_APP$  grandfather_NN  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  about_IO  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  counted_VVD  the_AT1  steps_NNS  and_CC  estimated_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  have_VH0  brought_VBN  him_PPHO1  just_RR  about_RR  to_IO  ground_NN  level_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  surprise_VV0  him_PPHO1  very_RG  much_RR  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  latch_NN  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  worn_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  offered_VVD  little_DA  security_NN  .  
  beyond_IO  it_PPH1  Simon_NP  found_VVD  more_DA  steps_NNS  which_DDQ  suddenly_RR  took_VVD  a_AT1  turn_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  old_JJ  story_NN  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  Trevaine_NP  treasure_NN  was_VBDZ  buried_VBN  right_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  surprise_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  now_RL  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  and_CC  steps_NNS  being_VBG  of_IO  stone_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  hewn_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  solid_JJ  rock_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  further_JB  flight_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  door_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  painted_VBN  a_AT1  dull_JJ  grey_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  Simon_NP  laid_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  coldness_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  steel_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pursed_VVD  his_APP$  lips_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  whistle_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  flashed_VVD  the_AT1  torch_NN  over_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  set_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  it_PPH1  presented_VVD  a_AT1  formidable_JJ  barrier_NN    and_CC  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_AT1  easy_JJ  task_NN  getting_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  place_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  it_PPH1  opened_VVD  easily_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  Leo's_PPIO2  key_NN  and_CC  Simon_NP  pushed_VVD  it_PPH1  open_JJ  .  
  eager_JJ  though_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  discoveries_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  examined_VVD  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thick_JJ  door_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  interior_NN  carefully_RR  before_IO  letting_NN  go_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  wish_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  latter-day_JB  mistletoe_NN  bough_NN  story_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  safe_JJ  enough_RGA  to_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  let_VV0  go_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  just_RR  in_IO  case_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  for_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  prop_VV0  against_IO  it_PPH1  so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  shut_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  treasure_NN  chamber_NN  .  
  neatly_RR  ranged_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  all_DB  manner_NN  of_IO  chests_NNS  and_CC  trunks_NNS  .  
  some_DD  were_VBDR  comparatively_RR  modern_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  ,_,  Simon_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  Captain_NNSB1  Jeremy_NP  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  brought_VBN  home_NN1  full_JJ  of_IO  plunder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  ,_,  solid_JJ  metal_NN  one_MC1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  too_RG  heavy_JJ  to_TO  lift_VV0  and_CC  set_VVD  it_PPH1  between_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  frame_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  his_APP$  search_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  tempting_JJ  to_TO  investigate_VV0  the_AT1  contents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  chests_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  else_RR  which_DDQ  intrigued_VVD  Simon_NP  even_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  .  
  sunk_VBN  right_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  so_CS  that_CS  only_RR  its_APP$  door_NN  showed_VVD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  modern_JJ  safe_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  glance_NN  showed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  a_AT1  combination_NN  lock_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  without_IO  taking_VBG  someone_PN1  into_IO  his_APP$  confidence_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  wryly_RR  .  
  Madam_NNSB1  ,_,  presumably_RR  ,_,  would_VM  know_VV0  the_AT1  word_NN  that_PNQS unlocked_VVD  the_AT1  safe_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  ask_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  shot_NN    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  much_DA  about_IO  such_DA  locks_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  know_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  tell_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  dials_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  six-letter_JB  word_NN  .  
  six_MC  letters_NNS    and_CC  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  any_DD  word_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  !_!  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  while_NN  trying_VBG  words_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  some_DD  connection_NN  with_IO  Galleon_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  Andrea_NP    that_DD1  had_VHD  the_AT1  right_JJ  number_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  quickly_RR  found_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  right_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  Galleon_NP    no_UH  ,_,  seven_MC  .  
  Trevaine_NP  ,_,  much_RR  too_RG  long_JJ  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  how_CS about_IO    he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  about_IO  himself_PPX1  for_IO  inspiration_NN    Jeremy_NP    or_CC  pirate_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  each_DD1  in_IO  turn_NN  without_IO  success_NN  .  
  feeling_VBG  considerably_RR  discouraged_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  other_DA  family_NN  names_NNS  .  
  Cherry_NP  ,_,  Leo's_PPIO2  mother_NN  .  
  Esther_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  grandfather's_NN1$  sister_NN  .  
  two_MC  other_DA  surnames_NNS  connected_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  family_NN    Penlee_NP  and_CC  Polwyn_NP    though_CS  with_IO  little_DA  hope_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  .  
  Leo_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  hardly_RR  use_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  he_PPHO1  despised_VVD  so_RG  heartily_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  deeply_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  was_VBDZ  there_EX  to_TO  try_VV0  .  
  Poldean_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  estuary_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  too_RG  long_JJ  .  
  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  \0St_NNSB1  Finbar_NP    although_CS  Finbar_NP  alone_RR    suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  shout_NN  of_IO  laughter_NN  that_PNQS echoed_VVD  oddly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  confined_JJ  space_NN  .  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  that_CS  any_DD  woman_NN  could_VM  resist_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  association_NN    any_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  association_NN    with_IO  the_AT1  wonderful_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  handsome_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  fascinating_JJ  Connor_NP  Winslow_NP  .  
  and_CC  Con_NP  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  judge_VV0  ,_,  Con_NP  thought_VVD  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  fatted_JJ  calf_NN  or_CC  no_AT1  fatted_JJ  calf_NN  ,_,  Annabel's_PPIO2  homecoming_NN  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  riot_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  5_MC  .  *"_*'  
  oh_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  oak_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ash_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bonny_JJ  ivy_NN  tree_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  growing_VBG  so_RG  green_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  country_NN  .  **"_**'  
  traditional_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  approach_NN  to_IO  Whitescar_NP  was_VBDZ  down_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  gravelled_JJ  track_NN  edged_VBN  with_IO  hawthorns_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gap_NN  where_CS the_AT1  track_NN  left_VVD  the_AT1  main_JB  road_NN  ,_,  stood_VVD  a_AT1  dilapidated_JJ  signpost_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  once_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  private_JJ  road_NN  to_IO  Forrest_NP  Hall_NNL1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  solid-looking_JJ  stand_NN  for_IO  milk-churns_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  bore_VVD  a_AT1  beautifully-painted_JB  legend_NN  ,_,  Whitescar_NP  .  
  between_IO  these_DD2  symbols_NNS  the_AT1  lane_NN  curled_VVD  off_RP  between_IO  its_APP$  high_JJ  hawthorns_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  come_VBN  an_AT1  hour_NN  too_RG  early_RR  ,_,  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  was_VBDZ  there_RL  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  bus_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  only_RR  two_MC  cases_NNS  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  carrying_VBG  these_DD2  I_PPIS1  set_VVD  off_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  .  
  round_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  bend_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quarry_NN  ,_,  disused_VBN  now_RL  and_CC  overgrown_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  ,_,  behind_IO  a_AT1  thicket_NN  of_IO  brambles_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  my_APP$  cases_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  safe_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  be_VB0  collected_VBN  later_RRR  .  
  meanwhile_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  my_APP$  first_MD  reconnaissance_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  lane_NN  skirted_VVD  the_AT1  quarry_NN  ,_,  leading_VBG  downhill_RR  for_IO  perhaps_RR  another_DD1  two_MC  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  before_CS  the_AT1  hedges_NNS  gave_VVD  way_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  side_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  wall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA    the_AT1  left_JJ    to_IO  a_AT1  fence_NN  which_DDQ  allowed_VVD  a_AT1  view_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  territory_NN  that_PNQS Lisa_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  such_DA  pains_NNS  to_TO  picture_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  ,_,  leaning_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  bar_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  below_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  Whitescar_NP  was_VBDZ  about_RR  eight_MC  miles_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  crow_NN  flies_VBZ  ,_,  from_IO  Bellingham_NP  .  
  there_RL  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  meandering_VBG  down_IO  its_APP$  valley_NN  ,_,  doubles_VBZ  round_RP  leisurely_RR  on_IO  itself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  loop_NN  ,_,  all_RR  but_RR  enclosing_VBG  the_AT1  rolling_JJ  ,_,  well-timbered_JJ  lands_NNS  of_IO  Forrest_NP  Park_NNL1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loop_NN  the_AT1  bends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  are_VBR  barely_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  apart_RP  ,_,  forming_VBG  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  narrow_JJ  isthmus_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  ran_VVD  the_AT1  track_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  divided_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  lodge_NN  gates_NNS  for_IO  Whitescar_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  west_NN1  Lodge_NNL1  which_DDQ  lay_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  .  
  the_AT1  main_JB  road_NN  ,_,  along_IO  which_DDQ  my_APP$  bus_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  ,_,  lay_VVD  some_DD  way_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  drop_NN  past_IO  the_AT1  quarry_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  gates_NNS  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  steep_JJ  .  
  from_IO  where_CS I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  near-island_NN  laid_VBN  out_RP  below_IO  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  circling_JJ  arm_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  woods_NNS  and_CC  its_APP$  water_NN  meadows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  chimneys_NNS  glimpsed_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  lay_VVD  Forrest_NP  Hall_NNL1  itself_PPX1  ,_,  set_VBN  in_IO  what_DDQ  remained_VVD  of_IO  its_APP$  once_RR  formal_JJ  gardens_NNS  and_CC  timbered_JJ  walks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  girdled_VVD  on_IO  two_MC  sides_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  curving_JJ  river_NN  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  two_MC  by_IO  a_AT1  mile-long_JB  wall_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  belt_NN  of_IO  thick_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  except_IO  for_II  a_AT1  wooded_JJ  path_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  entrance_NN  was_VBDZ  through_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  pillared_JJ  gates_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  main_JB  lodge_NN  had_VHD  stood_VBN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  long_RR  since_II  been_VBN  allowed_VBN  to_TO  crumble_VV0  gently_RR  into_IO  ruin_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  tracks_NNS  to_IO  Whitescar_NP  and_CC  west_NN1  Lodge_NNL1  branched_VVD  off_RP  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  latter_DA  clearly_RR  ,_,  cutting_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  from_IO  east_NN1  to_IO  west_NN1  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  orderly_JJ  rows_NNS  of_IO  planted_JJ  conifers_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  roofs_NNS  and_CC  chimneys_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  quick_JJ  glitter_NN  of_IO  glass_NN  that_PNQS marked_VVD  the_AT1  hot-houses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  walled_JJ  garden_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  belonged_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  lay_VVD  the_AT1  stables_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  house_NN  called_VBN  west_NN1  Lodge_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  footbridge_NN  spanning_VBG  the_AT1  river_NN  to_TO  serve_VV0  a_AT1  track_NN  which_DDQ  climbed_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  trees_NNS  and_CC  across_IO  the_AT1  moors_NNS  to_IO  Nether_NP  Shields_NP  farm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  eventually_RR  ,_,  to_IO  Whitescar_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Whitescar_NP  property_NN  ,_,  lying_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  river-bank_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  centre_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  loops_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  stretching_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  junction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  roads_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  gates_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  bite_NN  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  Forrest_NP  territory_NN  .  
  lying_VBG  neatly_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  west_NN1  Lodge_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  screened_VBN  now_RL  from_IO  my_APP$  sight_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  land_NN  that_PNQS only_RR  allowed_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  see_VV0  its_APP$  chimneys_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  tops_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  my_APP$  view-point_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  ,_,  not_XX  hurrying_VBG  .  
  behind_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  right_NN  now_RL  loomed_VVD  the_AT1  Forrest_NP  woods_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  huge_JJ  trees_NNS  full_RR  out_RP  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  late_JJ  ,_,  lacy_JJ  boughs_NNS  of_IO  ash_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ditch_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  wall's_NN1$  foot_NN  was_VBDZ  frilled_VBN  with_IO  cow-parsley_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wall_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  poor_JJ  repair_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  blackbird's_NN1$  nest_NN  stuffed_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  hole_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  coping_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  tangles_NNS  of_IO  campion_NN  and_CC  toad-flax_NN  bunching_VBG  from_IO  gaps_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  stones_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  entrance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lane_NN  ended_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  cul-de-sac_NN  ,_,  bounded_VBN  by_IO  three_MC  gateways_NNS  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  brand-new_JJ  oak_NN  gate_NN  guarded_VVD  the_AT1  forestry_NN  commission's_NN1$  fir_NN  plantations_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  west_NN1  Lodge_NNL1  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  lay_VVD  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  entrance_NN  .  
  ahead_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  solid_JJ  ,_,  five-barred_JJ  gate_NN  ,_,  painted_VBN  white_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  Whitescar_NP  blazoning_VBG  the_AT1  top_JB  bar_NN  .  
  beyond_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  track_NN  lifted_VVD  itself_PPX1  up_IO  a_AT1  gentle_JJ  rise_NN  of_IO  pasture_NN  ,_,  and_CC  vanished_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  ridge_NN  .  
  from_IO  here_RL  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  the_AT1  chimney-tops_NNS  of_IO  Whitescar_NP  were_VBDR  visible_JJ  ;_;  only_RR  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  sunny_JJ  prospect_NN  of_IO  green_JJ  pastures_NNS  and_CC  dry-stone_JB  walling_NN  sharp_JJ  with_IO  blue_JJ  shadows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  hollow_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  rise_NN  somewhere_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  tops_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  tall_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  gateway_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  entrance_NN  to_IO  another_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  world_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  big_JJ  gates_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  should_VM  have_VH0  hung_VBN  between_IO  their_APP$  massive_JJ  pillars_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  simply_RR  a_AT1  gap_NN  giving_VBG  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  driveway_NN  ,_,  green_JJ  and_CC  mossy_JJ  ,_,  its_APP$  twin_NN  tracks_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  worn_VBN  by_IO  wheels_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  matted_VBN  over_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  discs_NNS  of_IO  plaintain_NN  and_CC  hawkweed_NN  ,_,  rings_NNS  of_IO  weed_NN  spreading_VBG  and_CC  overlapping_VBG  like_IO  the_AT1  rings_NNS  that_PNQS grow_VV0  and_CC  ripple_VV0  over_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  when_CS a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  gravel_NN  is_VBZ  thrown_VBN  into_IO  water_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  edges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  the_AT1  taller_JJ  weeds_NNS  began_VVD  ,_,  hedge-parsley_NN  and_CC  campion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  forget-me-not_NN  gone_VBN  wild_JJ  ,_,  all_DB  frothing_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  rhododendrons_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  flowers_NNS  showed_VVD  like_IO  pale_JJ  ,_,  symmetrical_JJ  lamps_NNS  above_IO  their_APP$  splayed_JJ  leaves_NNS  .  
  overhead_RR  hung_VVD  the_AT1  shadowy_JJ  ,_,  enormous_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  lodge_NN  once_RR  ,_,  tucked_VBN  deep_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  beside_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  a_AT1  damp_JJ  ,_,  dismal_JJ  place_NN  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  ;_;  the_AT1  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  roofless_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  half_RR  drifted_VBN  over_RP  with_IO  nettles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  chimney-stacks_NNS  stuck_VVD  up_RP  like_IO  bones_NNS  from_IO  a_AT1  broken_JJ  limb_NN  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS had_VHD  survived_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  garden_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rank_JJ  plantation_NN  of_IO  rhubarb_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  blush_NN  rambler_NN  that_PNQS ran_VVD  riot_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  gaping_JJ  windows_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  legend_NN  here_RL  of_IO  Forrest_NP  to_TO  guide_VV0  the_AT1  visitor_NN  .  
  for_IO  those_DD2  wise_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  lores_NNS  there_EX  were_VBDR  some_DD  heraldic_JJ  beasts_NNS  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  ,_,  rampant_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  holding_VBG  shields_NNS  where_CS some_DD  carving_NN  made_VVD  cushions_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  moss_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  pillars_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  either_LE  side_NN  ,_,  stretched_VVD  the_AT1  high_JJ  wall_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  marked_VBN  the_AT1  boundaries_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  cracked_VBN  and_CC  crumbling_VBG  in_IO  many_DA  places_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  copings_NNS  were_VBDR  off_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  barrier_NN  ,_,  save_CS  in_IO  one_MC1  place_NN  not_XX  far_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  pillar_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lodge_NN  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  here_RL  a_AT1  giant_JJ  oak_NN  stood_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  originally_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  and_CC  spread_VBN  ,_,  pressing_VBG  closer_RRR  and_CC  ever_RR  closer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  masonry_NN  ,_,  until_CS  its_APP$  vast_JJ  flank_NN  had_VHD  bent_VBN  and_CC  finally_RR  broken_VBN  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  here_RL  lay_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  pile_NN  of_IO  tumbled_JJ  and_CC  weedy_JJ  stone_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  oak_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  its_APP$  undoing_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  wall_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  clothed_VBN  in_IO  ivy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ivy_NN  had_VHD  reached_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  ,_,  crept_VBN  up_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  engulfed_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  till_CS  now_RL  the_AT1  trunk_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  towering_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  gleaming_JJ  leaves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  tree's_NN1$  upper_JB  branches_NNS  managed_VVD  to_TO  thrust_VV0  the_AT1  young_JJ  gold_JJ  leaves_NNS  of_IO  early_JJ  summer_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  strangling_JJ  curtain_NN  .  
  eventually_RR  the_AT1  ivy_NN  would_VM  kill_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  already_RR  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  tracery_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ivy-stems_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  oak-boughs_NNS  showed_VVD  dead_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  great_JJ  lower_JJ  limb_NN  ,_,  long_RR  since_II  broken_VBN  off_RP  ,_,  had_VHD  left_VBN  a_AT1  gap_NN  where_CS rotten_JJ  wood_NN  yawned_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  holes_NNS  deep_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  owls_NNS  to_TO  nest_VV0  in_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  along_IO  the_AT1  neat_JJ  sunny_JJ  track_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  towards_IO  Whitescar_NP  .  
  somewhere_RR  a_AT1  ring-dove_NN  purred_VVD  and_CC  intoned_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  wood-warbler_NN  stuttered_VVD  into_IO  its_APP$  long_JJ  trill_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fell_VVD  silent_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  moved_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  realising_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  gateway_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  yard_NN  or_CC  two_MC  up_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  fields_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  cupped_JJ  valley_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  white-painted_JJ  gate_NN  gleaming_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  braced_VBN  as_CS  if_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  race_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  mouth_NN  dry_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  muscles_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  throat_NN  taut_JJ  and_CC  aching_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  swallowed_VVD  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  times_NNS  ,_,  breathed_VVD  deeply_RR  and_CC  slowly_RR  to_TO  calm_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,  repeating_VBG  the_AT1  now_RL  often-used_JB  formula_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  there_RL  to_TO  go_VV0  wrong_RR  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  Annabel_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  home_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  anyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  must_VM  be_VB0  forgotten_VBN  .  
  Mary_NP  Grey_NP  need_VM  never_RR  appear_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  except_CS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  to_IO  Con_NP  and_CC  Lisa_NP  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  forget_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  thoughts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  Annabel_NP  Winslow_NP  ,_,  coming_VBG  home_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  quickly_RR  out_RP  between_IO  the_AT1  crumbling_JJ  pillars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  pushed_VVD  open_JJ  the_AT1  white_JJ  gate_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  even_RR  creak_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  swung_VVD  quietly_RR  open_JJ  on_IO  sleek_JJ  ,_,  well-oiled_JJ  hinges_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  came_VVD  to_RP  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  click_NN  that_PNQS said_VVD  money_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  had_VHD  brought_VBN  me_PPIO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  quickly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Forrest_NP  trees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  up_IO  the_AT1  sunny_JJ  track_NN  towards_IO  Whitescar_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  afternoon_NN  stillness_NN  the_AT1  farm_NN  looked_VVD  clean_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  orderly_JJ  whitewash_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  toy_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rise_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  laid_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  in_IO  plan_NN  exactly_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  maps_NNS  that_PNQS Lisa_NP  Dermott_NP  had_VHD  drawn_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  so_RG  carefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  led_VBN  me_PPIO1  through_IO  in_IO  imagination_NN  so_RG  many_DA  times_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  long_JJ  and_CC  low_JJ  ,_,  two-storied_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  big_JJ  modern_JJ  windows_NNS  cut_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  thick_JJ  walls_NNS  .  
  unlike_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  whitewashed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  built_VBN  of_IO  sandstone_NN  ,_,  green-gold_JJ  with_IO  age_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lichens_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  showed_VVD  ,_,  even_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  distance_NN  ,_,  like_IO  patens_NNS  of_IO  copper_NN  laid_VBN  along_IO  the_AT1  soft_JJ  blue_JJ  slates_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  faced_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  strip_NN  of_IO  garden_NN    grass_NN  and_CC  flower-borders_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  lilac_NN  tree_NN    whose_PNQV$  lower_JJ  wall_NN  edged_VVD  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  white_JJ  wicket-gate_NN  gave_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  footbridge_NN  .  
  the_AT1  river_NN  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  wide_JJ  here_RL  ,_,  lying_VBG  under_IO  the_AT1  low_JJ  ,_,  tree-hung_JB  cliffs_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  further_JB  bank_NN  with_IO  that_DD1  still_JJ  gleam_NN  that_PNQS means_VBZ  depth_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  reflected_VVD  the_AT1  bridge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  banked_JJ  tangles_NNS  of_IO  elder_NN  and_CC  honeysuckle_NN  ,_,  in_IO  layers_NNS  of_IO  deepening_JJ  colour_NN  as_RG  rich_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  Flemish_JJ  painter's_NN1$  palette_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  nearer_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  house_NN  and_CC  garden_NN  lay_VVD  the_AT1  farm_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  courtyard_NN    even_RR  at_IO  this_DD1  distance_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  its_APP$  clean_JJ  baked_JJ  concrete_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  freshness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paint_NN  on_IO  doors_NNS  and_CC  gates_NNS    surrounded_VBN  by_IO  byres_NNS  and_CC  stables_NNS  and_CC  sheds_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  roof_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  Dutch_JJ  barn_NN  conspicuous_JJ  beside_IO  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  last_DA  year's_NN1$  straw_NN  stacks_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  dark_JJ  knot_NN  of_IO  Scotch_JJ  pines_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RR  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  laid_VBN  out_RP  before_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  noticed_VBN  the_AT1  man_NN  approaching_VBG  ,_,  some_DD  thirty_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  until_CS  the_AT1  clang_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  nailed_JJ  boots_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cattle-grid_NN  startled_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  burly_JJ  ,_,  middle-aged_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  rough_JJ  farm_NN  clothes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  staring_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  undisguised_JJ  interest_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  approached_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  pace_NN  that_PNQS ,_,  without_IO  seeming_VBG  to_TO  ,_,  carried_VVD  him_PPHO1  over_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   at_IO  a_AT1  speed_NN  that_PNQS left_VVD  me_PPIO1  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  have_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  wonder_VV0  briefly_RR  if_CS  my_APP$  venture_NN  alone_JJ  into_IO  the_AT1  Winslow_NP  den_NN  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  prove_VV0  my_APP$  undoing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  possibility_NN  now_RL  of_IO  turning_VBG  tail_NN  .  chapter_NN  nine_MC  .  
  the_AT1  pale_JJ  April_NN1  sunshine_NN  filtered_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  court_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Glasgow_NP  slum_NN  ,_,  throwing_VBG  its_APP$  soft_JJ  radiance_NN  on_IO  grimy_JJ  windows_NNS  ,_,  blistering_VBG  the_AT1  already_RR  ravaged_JJ  paintwork_NN  and_CC  casting_VBG  long_JJ  shadows_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  broken_JJ  masonry_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dirty_JJ  evil-smelling_JJ  hovels_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  Utah_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  Utah_NP  Street_NNL1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cancerous_JJ  growth_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  city_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sunlight_NN  struggled_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  layer_NN  of_IO  dirt_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  at_IO  ground_NN  level_NN  and_CC  lightened_VVD  the_AT1  interior_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  no_RR  better_JJ  and_CC  no_RR  worse_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  majority_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  neighbours_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  old-fashioned_JJ  range_NN  ,_,  yellowed_VBN  by_IO  rust_NN  ,_,  housed_VVD  the_AT1  dying_JJ  embers_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  fire_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  airless_JJ  kitchen_NN  a_AT1  veritable_JJ  oven_NN  of_IO  unpleasant_JJ  odours_NNS  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  littered_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  motley_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  articles_NNS  ,_,  ranging_VBG  from_IO  empty_JJ  beer_NN  bottles_NNS  to_IO  discarded_JJ  articles_NNS  of_IO  clothing_NN  ,_,  sat_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  known_VBN  only_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  appellation_NN  of_IO  Gaffer_NP  .  
  among_IO  this_DD1  wreckage_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  society_NN  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  defeated_JJ  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  wretched_JJ  inhabitants_NNS  who_PNQS called_VVD  Utah_NP  Street_NNL1    home_NN1    .  
  Gaffer_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  alien_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  midst_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  ways_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  bully_NN  soon_RR  make_VV0  their_APP$  mark_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  swiftly_RR  earned_VVD  a_AT1  reputation_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  defend_VV0  his_APP$  chosen_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  in_IO  five_MC  short_JJ  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  accepted_VBN  but_CCB  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  leading_JJ  light_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  rapidly_RR  dying_JJ  empire_NN  of_IO  squalor_NN  and_CC  decay_NN  .  
  Gaffer_NP  bent_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  bearing_VBG  the_AT1  day's_NN1$  racing_NN  forecast_NN  ,_,  oblivious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  advent_NN  of_IO  spring_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  murmur_NN  of_IO  voices_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  pontoon_NN  school_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  his_APP$  forefinger_NN  travelled_VVD  slowly_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  probable_JJ  starters_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  three-thirty_MC  at_IO  Newmarket_NP  .  
  thoughtfully_RR  he_PPHO1  tapped_VVD  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  pencil_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  deliberated_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  rival_JJ  merits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  horses_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  choice_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  regards_II  the_AT1  starting_NN  prices_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  simply_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  choosing_VBG  the_AT1  right_JJ  horse_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  fingered_VVD  the_AT1  five_MC  one-pound_JB  notes_NNS  lying_VBG  before_IO  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  winners_NNS  today_NN1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  live_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  .  
  might_VM  even_RR  go_VV0  away_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  days_NNS  .  
  reaching_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  book_NN  he_PPHO1  thumbed_VVD  through_IO  its_APP$  battered_JJ  pages_NNS  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  he_PPHO1  required_VVD  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  his_APP$  choice_NN  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  and_CC  strode_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  close_NN  and_CC  planted_VVD  a_AT1  savage_JJ  foot_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  panel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  door_NN  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  shrivelled_JJ  creature_NN  craned_VVD  a_AT1  startled_JJ  head_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  jamb_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cadaverous_JJ  features_NNS  creased_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  nervous_JJ  smirk_NN  .  
    a'right_RR  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  coming_VBG  .    
  he_PPHO1  jerked_VVD  on_RP  his_APP$  threadbare_JJ  jacket_NN  and_CC  shuffled_VBN  after_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  stuffy_JJ  humidity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
    you_PPY  wantin'_VBG  somethin'_PN1  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  .    
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  enjoy_VV0  your_APP$  scintillating_JJ  company_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  .    
  Gaffer_NP  scribbled_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  slip_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  and_CC  tucked_VVD  the_AT1  banknotes_NNS  into_IO  its_APP$  fold_NN  .  
    nip_VV0  round_RP  to_IO  Sammy_NP  and_CC  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  this_DD1  .  
  wait_VV0  until_CS  the_AT1  race_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  .    
  a_AT1  slow_JJ  grin_NN  revealed_VVD  his_APP$  perfect_JJ  teeth_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  expecting_VBG  thirty_MC  quid_NNS  back_RP  .    
    you_PPY  floppin'_VBG  five_MC  quid_NNS  on_IO  one_MC1  horse_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  's_VHZ  that_DD1  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
    nothin'_PN1  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  ,_,  nothin'_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  risky_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a'_DB  .    
    and_CC  who_PNQS  asked_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  thinking_NN  around_IO  here_RL  .    
  Gaffer's_PPIO2  lip_NN  curled_VVD  in_IO  disgust_NN  .  
    go_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  beat_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  get_VV0  nicked_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  paper_VV0  the_AT1  walls_NNS  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  glad_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  escape_NN  Lofty_NP  scuttled_VVD  off_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  close_NN  ,_,  grateful_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  was_VBDZ  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  mellow_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  less_DA  than_IO  forty_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  bearing_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  shaking_JJ  hand_NN  thirty_MC  one-pound_JB  notes_NNS  .  
  goggle-eyed_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  Gaffer_NP  count_VV0  his_APP$  winnings_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  separated_VVD  three_MC  from_IO  the_AT1  pile_NN  and_CC  contemptuously_RR  threw_VVD  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
    go_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  buy_VV0  yourself_PPX1  a_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  sneered_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  jerk_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  signalled_VVD  dismissal_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  go_VV0  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  might_VM  want_VV0  you_PPY  later_RRR  on_RP  .    
    sure_UH  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  .  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  next_DA  door_NN  .    
  Gaffer_NP  returned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  newspaper_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  day_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  swiftly_RR  he_PPHO1  scanned_VVD  the_AT1  sheet_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  greyhound_NN  runners_NNS  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  Dosser_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  the_AT1  Slob_NP  tonight_NN1  .  
  tentatively_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  fingered_VVD  his_APP$  winnings_NNS  .  
  should_VM  he_PPHO1  risk_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  in_IO  one_MC1  fell_JJ  swoop_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  why_CS not_XX  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  run_NN  of_IO  luck_NN  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  and_CC  moved_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  broken_JJ  triangle_NN  of_IO  mirror_NN  hanging_VBG  above_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  his_APP$  image_NN  with_IO  petulant_JJ  concentration_NN  .  
  always_RR  a_AT1  victim_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  over-developed_JJ  imagination_NN  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  luckless_JJ  individual_NN  for_IO  whom_WPO  nothing_PN1  ever_RR  went_VVD  right_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  possessed_VVD  a_AT1  persecution_NN  complex_NN  that_PNQS frequently_RR  reduced_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  maudlin_JJ  hulk_NN  of_IO  self-pity_NN  whenever_CS opposition_NN  reared_VVD  its_APP$  ugly_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Gaffer_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  egotist_NN  ,_,  saw_VVD  none_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  examined_VVD  the_AT1  face_NN  looking_VBG  back_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  through_IO  that_DD1  distorted_JJ  glass_NN  .  
  spruced_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  clean-shaven_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  bad-looking_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  jawline_NN  was_VBDZ  firm_JJ  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  surplus_NN  flesh_NN  gathering_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  tall_JJ  frame_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mouth_NN  curled_VVD  sardonically_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  smoothed_VVD  back_RP  his_APP$  thick_JJ  dark_JJ  hair_NN  revealing_VBG  again_RR  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  ,_,  strong_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  as_IO  blanched_JJ  almonds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  turning_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  newspaper_NN  when_CS his_APP$  eye_NN  fell_VVD  on_IO  an_AT1  out-of-date_JB  magazine_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  a_AT1  photograph_NN  taken_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  recent_JJ  film_NN  premie*?3re_NN  held_VVD  his_APP$  attention_NN  .  
  slowly_RR  he_PPHO1  stooped_VVD  to_TO  lift_VV0  the_AT1  magazine_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  idea_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  ferment_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  quick_JJ  brain_NN  .  
  an_AT1  idea_NN  so_RG  daring_JJ  and_CC  yet_RR  so_RG  audaciously_RR  tempting_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  shiver_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  quivered_VVD  through_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  studied_VVD  the_AT1  photograph_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  before_IO  throwing_VBG  aside_RP  the_AT1  book_NN  and_CC  returning_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  racing_NN  column_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  his_APP$  concentration_NN  was_VBDZ  fired_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  flame_NN  of_IO  incentive_NN  .  
  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  rap_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  brought_VVD  a_AT1  frown_NN  of_IO  impatience_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  growl_NN  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  permission_NN  to_TO  enter_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  panel_NN  swung_VVD  open_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  a_AT1  narrow-shouldered_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  sue*?3de_NN  zipper_NN  jerkin_NN  and_CC  tight_JJ  Italian_JJ  trousers_NNS  .  
    'lo_UH  Gaffer_NP  .  
  heard_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VHD  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  luck_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  three-thirty_MC  .  
  want_VV0  a_AT1  certainty_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  tonight_NN1  .    
    such_IO  as_II  .    sneered_VVD  Gaffer_NP  .  
    Hurly_NP  Burly_NP  .  
  that_DD1  dog_NN  's_VBZ  jet_NN  propelled_VBN  .    
  Cuddy_NP  Gallagher_NP  winked_VVD  .  
    over_IO  'n_CC  above_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  happen_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  got_VBN  at_IO  by_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  .    
  Gaffer's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  narrowed_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  a_AT1  sure_JJ  thing_NN  .    
    sure_JJ  as_IO  death_NN  .    
  Cuddy's_PPIO2  sleek_JJ  head_NN  jerked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  lay_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  that_DD1  lot_NN  on_RP  for_IO  you_PPY  .    
  Gaffer_NP  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  money_NN  and_CC  slipped_VVD  two_MC  notes_NNS  into_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  twenty-five_MC  quid_NNS  there_RL  .  
  lose_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  kill_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  Joe's_PPIO2  place_NN  tonight_NN1  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  let_VV0  anyone_PN1  see_VV0  you_PPY  flash_VV0  my_APP$  money_NN  around_RP  .    
  Cuddy_NP  peeled_VVD  off_RP  five_MC  notes_NNS  before_IO  stowing_VBG  the_AT1  remainder_NN  away_RP  .  
    commission_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  laconically_RR  explained_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  away_RP  .  
  see_VV0  you_PPY  later_RRR  .    
    tell_VV0  the_AT1  Wop_NP  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  nae_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  that_DD1  wee_JJ  greaser_NN  ,_,    Cuddy_NP  objected_VVD  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  this_DD1  lot_NN  on_RP  in_IO  time_NN  it_PPH1  'll_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  right_RR  away_RP  .  
  sent_VBN  Lofty_NP  to_TO  do_VD0  your_APP$  dirty_JJ  work_NN  .    
    look_VV0  ,_,    a_AT1  dangerous_JJ  glint_NN  appeared_VBN  in_IO  Gaffer's_PPIO2  bright_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  decide_VV0  who_PNQS  does_VBZ  what_DDQ  .  
  you_PPY  get_VV0  that_DD1  money_NN  on_RP  first_RR  then_RL  look_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  Wop_NP  .  
  tonight_NN1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  clean_VV0  up_RP  so_CS  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  warn_VV0  Sammy_NP  to_TO  keep_VV0  plenty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ready_NN  by_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  hundred_MC  nicker_NNS  off_IO  him_PPHO1  before_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  finished_VBN  .    
  Cuddy_NP  emitted_VVD  a_AT1  low_JJ  soundless_JJ  whistle_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  change_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  lucky_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  bet_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  streak_NN  tonight_NN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Cuddy_NP  saw_VVD  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  fanaticism_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other's_$  face_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  recognize_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  such_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  moment_NN  to_TO  argue_VV0  .  
    \0O.K_UH  ,_,  so_RR  you_PPY  're_VBR  lucky_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  swiftly_RR  placated_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  it_PPH1  your_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  .    
  Gaffer_NP  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  half-empty_JJ  whisky_NN  bottle_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sink-board_NN  and_CC  sloshed_VVD  a_AT1  liberal_JJ  quantity_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  tumbler_NN  .  
    here_RL  's_VBZ  to_IO  your_APP$  information_NN  being_VBG  correct_JJ  ,_,  Cuddy_NP  ,_,  because_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .  .    
  his_APP$  arm_NN  flashed_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  grabbed_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  sue*?3de_NN  jacket_NN  ,_,    you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  not_XX  show_VV0  your_APP$  face_NN  back_RP  here_RL  ,_,  unless_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_IO  work_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  razor_NN  .    
  hate_NN  rose_VVD  in_IO  Cuddy_NP  like_IO  mercury_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  thermometer_NN  but_CCB  fear_NN  stifled_VVD  his_APP$  reply_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  grip_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN  tightened_VVD  .  
    listen_VV0  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  in_IO  desperation_NN  ,_,    even_CS  if_CS  that_DD1  dog_NN  wins_VBZ  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  no'_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  hundred_MC  quid_NNS  back_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  swallowed_VVD  with_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  runnin'_VBG  at_IO  even_JJ  money_NN  .    
    when_CS you_PPY  get_VV0  the_AT1  winnings_NNS  ,_,  put_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  Slob_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  eight-fifteen_MC  .    
    what_DDQ  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    all_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Gaffer_NP  threw_VVD  him_PPHO1  away_RP  and_CC  wiped_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  .  
    if_CS  Sammy_NP  runs_VBZ  out_RP  of_IO  cash_NN  lay_VV0  the_AT1  second_MD  bet_NN  with_IO  Kruger_NP  .  
  now_RL  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  sight_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  realized_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  a_AT1  chance_NN  in_IO  giving_VBG  Cuddy_NP  a_AT1  free_JJ  hand_NN  with_IO  so_RG  much_DA  at_IO  stake_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  confident_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  hold_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  craven-hearted_JJ  little_JJ  tout_NN  .  
  some_DD  thirty_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  avidly_RR  studying_VBG  the_AT1  photograph_NN  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  fascinate_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  when_CS Louie_NP  Morri_NP  sidled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  Gaffer_NP  long_RR  to_TO  explain_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  the_AT1  Italian_NN1  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  ,_,    what_DDQ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  can_VM  you_PPY  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  Louis_NP  looked_VVD  worried_JJ  .  
    sure_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  'sa_VBZ  no'_XX  easy_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  big_JJ  dark_JJ  eyes_NNS  swivelled_VVD  upwards_RR  uneasily_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  'sa_VBZ  goin'_VBG  to_TO  costa_VV0  lota_NN  money_NN  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  needa_VV0  special_JJ  stuffa_NN  from_IO  up-town_NN1  an'_CC  it_PPH1  'sa_VBZ  no'_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  geta_VV0  .    
  his_APP$  podgy_JJ  hands_NNS  turned_VVD  palm_NN  upwards_RR  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  how_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  'sa_VBZ  no'_XX  easy_JJ  .    
    if_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  that_DD1  once_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  ram_VV0  your_APP$  teeth_NNS  down_IO  your_APP$  throat_NN  .    
  Gaffer_NP  leaned_VVD  menacingly_RR  nearer_RRR  .  
    now_RL  listen_VV0  ,_,  Wop_NP  ,_,  and_CC  listen_VV0  well_RR  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  job_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  without_IO  any_DD  more_DA  argument_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  it_PPH1  right_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  paid_VBN  right_RR  .  
  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  rough_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  breath_NN  fanned_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  man's_NN1$  face_NN  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  Louie_NP  .  
  Maria_NP  would_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  either_RR  ,_,  so_CS  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  find_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  nice_JJ  easy_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  or_CC  you_PPY  're_VBR  liable_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  up_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  fat_JJ  neck_NN  in_IO  trouble_NN  ,_,  Louie_NP  boy_NN  .    
  stark_JJ  fear_NN  turned_VVD  the_AT1  Italian's_NNP$  skin_NN  yellow_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  no'_XX  to_TO  worry_VV0  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  better_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  when_CS people_NNS  argue_VV0  ,_,  Louie_NP  .  
  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  know_VV0  that_DD1  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  swung_VVD  round_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  ball_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  foot_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  winced_VVD  and_CC  moved_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  range_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  Louie_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  hurt_VV0  you_PPY  .  yet_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  keep_VV0  your_APP$  mouth_NN  shut_VBN  ,_,  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  .  
  one_MC1  cheep_NN  out_RP  of_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  Maria_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  putting_VBG  down_RP  an_AT1  instalment_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  nice_JJ  marble_NN  headstone_NN  .  
  you_PPY  understand_VV0  ,_,  Louie_NP  .    
  Louie's_PPIO2  head_NN  rocked_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  forward_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  hinged_JJ  flap_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  'sa_VBZ  a'right_RR  ,_,  Gaffer_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  no'_XX  open_VV0  my_APP$  moutha_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  Louie_NP  ,_,  not_XX  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  you_PPY  ,_,    Gaffer_NP  advised_VVD  .  
    just_RR  you_PPY  keep_VV0  thinking_VBG  that_DD1  way_NN  and_CC  everything_PN1  will_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  escorted_VVD  his_APP$  nervous_JJ  visitor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    you_PPY  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  send_VV0  Cuddy_NP  down_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  in_RP  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  make_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stuff_NN  you_PPY  need_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS long_RR  would_VM  it_PPH1  take_VV0  .    
  Louie_NP  thought_VVD  carefully_RR  .  
    no'_XX  very_RG  longa_RR  .  
  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  weeks_NNS  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .    
    \0O.K_UH  .  
  see_VV0  you_PPY  later_RRR  .    
  his_APP$  finger_NN  poked_VVD  belligerently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  other's_$  face_NN  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  remember_VV0  ,_,  keep_VV0  your_APP$  mouth_NN  shut_VBN  about_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  or_CC  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  an_AT1  expressive_JJ  gesture_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  forefinger_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  keep_VV0  my_APP$  moutha_NN  shut_VBN  ,_,    Louie_NP  promised_VVD  fervently_RR  .  
  chapter_NN  ten_MC  .  
  Mark's_PPIO2  feet_NNS  made_VVD  no_AT1  sound_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  turf_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  slowly_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  chestnut_NN  tree_NN  .  
  Christiane_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  with_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  fair_JJ  head_NN  bent_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  motionless_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  look_NN  gravely_RR  compassionate_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  noted_VVD  the_AT1  rug_NN  draped_VBN  over_IO  her_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  quite_RR  .    
  Maureen_NP  ,_,  afraid_JJ  he_PPHO1  might_VM  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  too_RG  many_DA  questions_NNS  ,_,  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  turned_VBN  the_AT1  bend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  walking_VBG  along_RP  with_IO  Loch_NNL1  Eighe_NP  on_IO  their_APP$  left_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  road_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  said_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  about_RP  at_IO  all_DB  since_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  here_RL  .    
    a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  yesterday_NN1    to_IO  Dalloch_NP  and_CC  round_IO  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  .  
  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  ferry_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  loch_NN  .    
    not_XX  for_IO  cars_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  only_RR  goes_VBZ  when_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  wanted_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_DD1  's_VBZ  very_RG  often_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  shore_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loch_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  met_VVD  Loch_NNL1  Onaig_NP  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  ferryman's_NN1$  house_NN  there_RL  .    
  Maureen_NP  was_VBDZ  just_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  croft_NN  .  
    can_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  across_RP  some_DD  time_NN  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  ferries_NNS  .    
    if_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  .    
    please_UH  .    
  rather_RR  diffidently_RR  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  'd_VM  rather_RR  .  .    
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  assured_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    the_AT1  shore_NN  's_VBZ  rather_RR  fine_JJ  along_IO  there_RL  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  birches_NNS  and_CC  bracken_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  farther_RRR  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  turn_VV0  back_RP  if_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  that_DD1  drink_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  getting_VBG  cold_JJ  .    
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  retraced_VVD  their_APP$  steps_NNS  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  Maureen's_PPIO2  fiance*?2_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  like_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  policeman_NN  too_RG  long_RR  to_TO  judge_VV0  people_NNS  too_RG  swiftly_RR  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  most_DA  men_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_RR  than_RR  happy_JJ  to_TO  marry_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  really_RR  been_VBN  her_PPHO1  who_PNQS had_VHD  broken_VBN  off_RP  the_AT1  engagement_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  jetty_NN  .  
  Maureen_NP  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  yard_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  grass_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  up_IO  Loch_NNL1  Onaig_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  rising_VBG  round_IO  its_APP$  head_NN  .  
  MacLeod_NP  joined_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  lovely_JJ  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  I_PPIS1  never_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  .    
    an_AT1  hour_NN  ago_RR  you_PPY  were_VBDR  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  should_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  feel_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  any_RR  more_RRR  .    
  she_PPHO1  picked_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  stone_NN  and_CC  tossed_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  fell_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  plop_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  watched_VVD  the_AT1  ripples_NNS  spreading_VBG  .  
    how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    train_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  walked_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  MacLeod_NP  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  little_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  walking_VBG  slowly_RR  ,_,  each_DD1  thinking_VBG  .  
  arrived_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  Maureen_NP  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  while_CS  MacLeod_NP  entered_VVD  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  since_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  stay_NN  there_RL  Alan_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  it_PPH1  redecorated_VBN  to_TO  suit_VV0  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  English_JJ  patrons_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  couple_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  arrived_VBN  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  couch_NN  against_IO  one_MC1  wall_NN  .  
  the_AT1  contemporary_JJ  furnishings_NNS  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  more_RG  appropriate_JJ  setting_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  than_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  sunlight_NN  and_CC  sparser_JJ  surroundings_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  occupant_NN  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  barman_NN  ,_,  James_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shortish_JJ  ,_,  slightly-built_JB  man_NN  of_IO  about_RR  MacLeod's_PPIO2  age_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  rather_RR  small_JJ  eyes_NNS  and_CC  thinning_JJ  fair_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  tweed_NN  sports_NNS  jacket_NN  that_PNQS somehow_RR  did_VDD  not_XX  look_NN  quite_RR  right_JJ  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaning_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  and_CC  when_CS MacLeod_NP  came_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  eyed_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  will_VM  in_IO  such_DA  circumstances_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  better_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
    a_AT1  gin_NN  and_CC  lime_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  export_NN  ,_,  please_UH  ,_,  James_NP  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  said_VVD  .  
  still_RR  eyeing_VBG  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ferguson_NP  in_RP  ,_,  James_NP  .    
  the_AT1  barman_NN  ,_,  busy_JJ  with_IO  MacLeod's_PPIO2  order_NN  ,_,  answered_VVD  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  out_RP  just_RR  now_RL  .    
  Martin_NP  ,_,  MacLeod_NP  reflected_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  that_DD1  name_NN  somewhere_RR  recently_RR  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS .  
  in_IO  what_DDQ  connection_NN  .  
  moreover_RR  ,_,  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  seemed_VVD  vaguely_RR  familiar_JJ  though_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  seeing_VBG  him_PPHO1  before_II  .  
  probably_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  chance_JB  resemblance_NN  to_IO  someone_PN1  else_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  grand_JJ  day_NN  again_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  .  
    damned_RR  hot_JJ  ,_,    Martin_NP  agreed_VVD  .  
  MacLeod_NP  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  worried_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hot_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  glen_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Martin_NP  looked_VVD  sideways_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  there_RL  this_DD1  morning_NN  .    he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .    
    did_VDD  you_PPY  go_VV0  far_RR  .    
  the_AT1  barman_NN  put_VVD  two_MC  glasses_NNS  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  counter_NN  .  
  MacLeod_NP  paid_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  Martin_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  impatiently_RR  for_IO  his_APP$  answer_NN  .  
    nearly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  lightly_RR  .  
    why_CS .    
  the_AT1  other_DA  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  birds_NNS  up_RP  there_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  hoping_VBG  no-one_PN1  would_VM  disturb_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
    what_DDQ  sort_NN  of_IO  birds_NNS  .    MacLeod_NP  asked_VVD  curiously_RR  .  
    capercaillies_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  barman_NN  looked_VVD  surprised_JJ  .  
    in_IO  Glen_NP  Onaig_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  .    he_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  here_RL  all_DB  my_APP$  life_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  any_DD  round_RP  here_RL  before_II  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  here_RL  now_RL  ,_,    Martin_NP  said_VVD  shortly_RR  .  
  MacLeod_NP  eyed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  those_DD2  big_JJ  birds_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  piercing_JJ  cry_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    Martin_NP  agreed_VVD  without_IO  much_DA  grace_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  eye_NN  MacLeod_NP  noticed_VVD  that_CS  James_NP  looked_VVD  surprised_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  scare_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  go_VV0  up_IO  the_AT1  glen_NN  again_RR  while_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  here_RL  .    
  Martin_NP  looked_VVD  relieved_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  the_AT1  top_JB  part_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    so_RG  many_DA  rare_JJ  birds_NNS  are_VBR  driven_VBN  away_RP  nowadays_RR  .    
    like_IO  the_AT1  ospreys_NNS  .    MacLeod_NP  suggested_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .    
  over_IO  Martin's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Maureen_NP  come_VV0  in_RP  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  sitting_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  couch_NN  glanced_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  eyed_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  insolent_JJ  condescension_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  to_TO  join_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  ask_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ferguson_NP  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  ring_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  in_RP  .    Martin_NP  asked_VVD  James_NP  .  
    ay_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  .    
  with_IO  a_AT1  curt_JJ  nod_NN  to_IO  MacLeod_NP  the_AT1  other_DA  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  Maureen_NP  picked_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  glass_NN  .  
    good_JJ  luck_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  sit_VV0  down_RP  .    
  MacLeod_NP  dragged_VVD  his_APP$  thought_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  wild_JJ  idea_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  forming_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  .  
    had_VHD  something_PN1  happened_VBN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  in_RP  .    Maureen_NP  asked_VVD  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  seated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  couches_NNS  .  
    no_UH  .  
  why_CS .    
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  atmosphere_NN  .    
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  about_IO  capercaillies_NNS  .    
    what_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .    
    large_JJ  birds_NNS  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Highlands_NP2  .    
    oh_UH  .    
  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  finished_VBN  their_APP$  drinks_NNS  MacLeod_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    will_VM  you_PPY  have_VH0  another_DD1  one_MC1  .    
    on_IO  condition_NN  you_PPY  'll_VM  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  pay_VV0  .    
    certainly_RR  not_XX  .    
    then_RL  no_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  Maureen_NP  smiled_VVD  sweetly_RR  .  
    look_VV0  here_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  began_VVD  .  
    please_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  so_RG  serious_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  mean_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VM  rather_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  .    
  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  while_CS  James_NP  was_VBDZ  pouring_VBG  the_AT1  drinks_NNS  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  
    was_VBDZ  that_DD1  the_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  who_PNQS 's_VHZ  taken_VBN  the_AT1  Lodge_NNL1  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  him_PPHO1  .    
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Ferguson_NP  said_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  him_PPHO1  being_VBG  a_AT1  bird-watcher_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  talks_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  about_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,    James_NP  assented_VVD  ,_,  managing_VBG  to_TO  convey_VV0  an_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  fine_JJ  contempt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  glasses_NNS  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  from_IO  .    MacLeod_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  somewhere_RR  down_RP  south_NN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  thinking_VBG  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  feeling_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  somewhere_RR  before_II  .    
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Ferguson_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    James_NP  volunteered_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  him_PPHO1  well_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  the_AT1  people_NNS  here_RL  think_VV0  of_IO  Martin_NP  .    
    och_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  little_DA  enough_RGA  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  seen_VBN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  here_RL  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  altogether_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  harmless_JJ  enough_RGA  wee_JJ  man_NN  .    
    which_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  true_JJ  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  reflected_VVD  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  .  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  Alan_NP  Ferguson_NP  came_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  walk_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  .    he_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  .  
    ay_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  grand_JJ  day_NN  again_RR  .    
  Alan_NP  grinned_VVD  broadly_RR  .  
    man_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  belong_VV0  up_RP  here_RL  !_!    he_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  back_RP  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  and_CC  already_RR  you_PPY  're_VBR  forgetting_VBG  your_APP$  heathen_JJ  English_JJ  speech_NN  .    
  MacLeod_NP  ,_,  grinning_VBG  and_CC  not_XX  displeased_JJ  returned_VVD  to_IO  Maureen_NP  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Martin_NP  was_VBDZ  in_RP  just_RR  now_RL  ,_,    the_AT1  barman_NN  told_VVD  Alan_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  kind_NN  of_IO  nervy_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  you_PPY  to_TO  phone_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Alan_NP  stiffened_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  devil_NN  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  want_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  .  
  MacLeod_NP  ,_,  hearing_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  wondered_VVD  if_CS  Martin_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  nuisance_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  Alan_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  look_VV0  pleased_JJ  .  
  6_MC  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  the_AT1  weather_NN  broke_VVD  .  
  when_CS MacLeod_NP  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  drizzling_VBG  steadily_RR  .  
  dark_JJ  grey_JJ  clouds_NNS  hung_VVD  low_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  loch_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hills_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  shore_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  last_VV0  until_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  shaved_VVD  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  hope_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  clearing_VBG  before_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  .  
  oh_UH  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  happy_JJ  enough_RGA  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  novel_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  time_NN  over_IO  dressing_VBG  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  almost_RR  finished_VBN  breakfast_NN  when_CS Maureen_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  white_JJ  raincoat_NN  belted_VBN  tightly_RR  round_IO  her_APP$  waist_NN  .  
  a_AT1  scarf_NN  was_VBDZ  tied_VBN  round_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  rebellious_JJ  curl_NN  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  and_CC  hung_VVD  damply_RR  over_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  eye_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  pouring_VBG  ,_,    she_PPHO1  announced_VVD  ,_,  perching_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  facing_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  anything_PN1  to_TO  read_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  finished_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  fields_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  so_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  paper_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  pocket_NN  and_CC  laid_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  yesterday's_NP1  .    
    it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  thought_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  eating_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  we_PPIS2  might_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  find_VV0  somewhere_RR  where_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  drier_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  met_VVD  his_APP$  eye_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  flushing_VBG  very_RG  slightly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  'd_VM  rather_RR  stay_VV0  here_RL  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  .    
    you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  mistaking_VBG  the_AT1  pleasure_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  voice_NN  and_CC  MacLeod_NP  felt_VVD  suddenly_RR  cheered_VBN  .  
  perhaps_RR  after_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  really_RR  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  spending_VBG  the_AT1  morning_NN  cooped_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  staying_VBG  in_RP  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  on_IO  holiday_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  defiance_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  waste_NN  .    
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  take_VV0  lunch_NN  or_CC  eat_VV0  in_IO  style_NN  .    
    in_IO  style_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  think_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  might_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  lucky_JJ  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  Morris_NP  minor_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  not_XX  all_RR  that_RG  much_DA  room_NN  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  before_CS  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    will_VM  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  for_IO  you_PPY  .    
    fine_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  walk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  slim_JJ  figure_NN  moving_VBG  gracefully_RR  between_IO  the_AT1  tables_NNS  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  finished_VBN  his_APP$  coffee_NN  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  Alan_NP  Ferguson_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  dealing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  day's_NN1$  correspondence_NN  .  
  when_CS MacLeod_NP  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  frowning_VBG  over_IO  a_AT1  letter_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  and_CC  stuffed_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  pocket_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  jacket_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  and_CC  grinned_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  thinking_VBG  of_IO  walking_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  glen_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  .    he_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  path_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  river_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  drive_NN  .    
    a_AT1  drive_NN  .    
  Alan_NP  stared_VVD  .  
    with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Forrester_NP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  now_RL  .  
  ah_UH  well_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  sun_NN  here_RL  today_NN1  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  wondering_VBG  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  birds_NNS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  borrow_VV0  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  explained_VVD  .  
    birds_NNS  .  
  ay_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  one_MC1  somewhere_RR  about_RP  .    
  Alan_NP  rose_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  Martin_NP  last_DA  night_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  he_PPHO1  mentioned_VVD  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  up_RP  .    
  the_AT1  other_DA  stopped_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  about_IO  birds_NNS  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  capercaillies_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  glen_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  right_JJ  at_IO  that_DD1  .    
  they_PPHS2  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  back_JB  stairs_NNS  to_IO  Alan's_PPIO2  quarters_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  bedroom_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  sitting-room_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  .  
  while_CS  MacLeod_NP  stood_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  latter_DA  Alan_NP  looked_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  scanty_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  books_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  shelves_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  here_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  maybe_RR  lent_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  someone_PN1  and_CC  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  returned_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
    thanks_NNS  ,_,  anyway_RR  ,_,    MacLeod_NP  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  room_NN  and_CC  collected_VVD  the_AT1  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  camera_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cap_NN  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  only_RR  on_IO  holiday_NN  and_CC  then_RL  only_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  rained_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  powerful_JJ  binoculars_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  second-hand_RR  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  Maureen_NP  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  her_APP$  car_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    you_PPY  'd_VM  rather_RR  drive_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    would_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  walked_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  pull_VV0  up_RP  outside_IO  the_AT1  post_NN  office_NN  .  
  Maureen_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  enquiringly_RR  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  mind_VV0  waiting_VBG  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  minute_NN  .    through_IO  a_AT1  mist_NN  of_IO  tears_NNS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  smiling_VBG    the_AT1  most_RG  wonderful_JJ  smile_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  .  .    
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  me_PPIO1  her_APP$  mouth_NN  in_IO  complete_JJ  surrender_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  trust_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0  .  
  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  fight_VV0  the_AT1  temptation_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  willingly_RR  offered_VVD  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lost_JJ  battle_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  against_IO  my_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,      hold_VV0  me_PPIO1  tight_RR  .  do_VD0  n't_XX  ever_RR  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    I_PPIS1  could_VM  fight_VV0  no_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  her_APP$  body_NN  was_VBDZ  soft_JJ  and_CC  yielding_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  tender_JJ  hands_NNS  drew_VVD  me_PPIO1  down_RP  into_IO  forgetfulness_NN  .  
  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  quickened_VVD  under_IO  my_APP$  caresses_NNS  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  brought_VVD  to_IO  life_NN  something_PN1  that_PNQS had_VHD  lain_VBN  dormant_JJ  with_IO  her_PPHO1  until_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  unfastened_VVD  her_APP$  coat_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  it_PPH1  off_RP  with_IO  fierce_JJ  impatience_NN  and_CC  then_RL  her_APP$  lips_NNS  sought_VVD  mine_PP$  again_RR  .  
  all_RR  around_IO  us_PPIO2   people_NNS  slept_VVD  .  
  outside_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  windy_JJ  darkness_NN  snow_NN  blanketed_VVD  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  distant_JJ  traffic_NN  .  
  our_APP$  world_NN  belonged_VVD  to_IO  Sonia_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1    a_AT1  world_NN  created_VBN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   alone_RR  out_RP  of_IO  suffering_NN  and_CC  loneliness_NN  and_CC  heartbreak_NN  .  
  dimly_RR  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  this_DD1  night_NN  would_VM  spoil_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  nights_NNS  yet_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  just_RR  another_DD1  woman_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  get_VV0  married_VBN  .  and_CC  have_VH0  kids_NNS  .  and_CC  live_VV0  like_IO  other_DA  folks_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  voice_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  began_VVD  whining_VBG  :_:  
    .  you_PPY  're_VBR  trying_VBG  to_TO  reassure_VV0  yourself_PPX1  because_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  before_II  .  
  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  mother_NN  will_VM  she_PPHO1  make_VV0  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  told_VBN  you_PPY  herself_PPX1  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  .  .    
  I_PPIS1  called_VVD  myself_PPX1  a_AT1  louse_NN  .  
  swell_JJ  husband_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  make_VV0  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  trusted_VVD  me_PPIO1  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  .  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  eaten_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  hatred_NN  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  men_NNS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  given_VBN  herself_PPX1  to_IO  .  
  maybe_RR  to_IO  her_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  different_JJ  .  .  
  but_CCB  to-night_NN1  was_VBDZ  mine_PP$  .  
  to-night_NN1  would_VM  wipe_VV0  the_AT1  slate_NN  clean_JJ  .  
  to-morrow_NN1  ,_,  Sonia_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  two_MC  people_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  met_VBN  and_CC  fallen_VBN  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  switched_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  and_CC  carried_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  .  
  her_APP$  skin_NN  was_VBDZ  smooth_JJ  and_CC  cool_JJ  as_IO  velvet_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  hunger_NN  as_RG  great_JJ  as_IO  mine_PP$  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  crooning_JJ  sound_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  throat_NN  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  me_PPIO1  close_RR  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  once_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  roused_VVD  and_CC  asked_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  sleepy_JJ  whisper_NN  ,_,  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  love_VV0  me_PPIO1    really_RR  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    sure_UH  ,_,  honey_NN  .  
  sure_UH  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  but_CCB  another_DD1  man_NN  lay_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  beside_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  his_APP$  sneering_JJ  laughter_NN  as_CS  her_APP$  arms_NNS  carried_VVD  me_PPIO1  off_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  of_IO  oblivion_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  yet_RR  .  
  picking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  cab_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  easy_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  one_MC1  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  me_PPIO1  good_JJ  night_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  in_RP    a_AT1  kiss_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  barest_JJT  touch_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  like_IO  stars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  known_VBN  anyone_PN1  quite_RR  as_RG  beautiful_JJ  as_IO  Sonia_NP  Rakosi_NP  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  cab_NN  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  swirling_JJ  snow_NN  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  rooming_NN  house_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  with_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  filled_VBN  with_IO  conflicting_JJ  thoughts_NNS  .  
  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  old_JJ  to_TO  fall_VV0  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  pain_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  decide_VV0  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  happy_JJ  or_CC  sad_JJ  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  smell_VV0  her_APP$  perfume_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  scent_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  powder_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  used_VBN  when_CS I_PPIS1  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  alone_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  tidy_VV0  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  thinking_VBG  only_RR  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  more_RG  confused_JJ  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  small_JJ  drink_NN  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  plugged_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  coffee_NN  percolator_NN  .  
  while_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  warming_VBG  up_RP  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  remaking_VBG  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  bitter-sweet_JJ  thoughts_NNS  kept_VVD  me_PPIO1  company_NN  .  
  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  loomed_VVD  a_AT1  shadowy_JJ  picture_NN  of_IO  Jakob_NP  Kadar_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  lumpy_JJ  face_NN  dark_JJ  with_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  someone_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  organisation_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  traitor_NN  .  
  that_DD1  fitted_VVD  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  better_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  Zuck_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  followed_VBN  the_AT1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  ordered_VVD  a_AT1  music-box_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  store_NN  on_IO  Fifth_NP  Avenue_NNL1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  against_IO  the_AT1  theory_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  followed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  by_IO  somebody_PN1  who_PNQS knew_VVD  his_APP$  normal_JJ  daily_JJ  routine_NN  ,_,  somebody_PN1  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  moment_NN  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  the_AT1  music-box_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  've_VH0  been_VBN  something_PN1  else_RR  .  
  Kadar_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  opportunity_NN  .  
  Kadar_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  member_NN  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  meeting_NN  just_RR  before_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  yet_RR  .  he_PPHO1  could_VM  've_VH0  had_VHN  no_AT1  hand_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  switching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  valises_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  wanted_VBN  to_TO  happen_VV0  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  chance_NN  that_PNQS saved_VVD  the_AT1  organisation_NN  .  
  if_CS  Rickie_NP  Oppenheimer_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  picked_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  valise_NN  .  .  
  but_CCB  Rickie_NP  should_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  brief-case_NN  that_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  every_AT1  other_DA  time_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  left_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  bottle_NN  club_NN  .  
  Monday_NN1  night_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  broken_VBN  a_AT1  long-standing_JJ  habit_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  no_AT1  reply_NN  at_IO  Schultz's_PPIO2  apartment_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  away_RP  .  
  some_DD  time_NN  between_IO  then_RL  and_CC  eight-thirty_MC  next_DA  morning_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  disposed_VBN  of_IO  twenty_MC  thousand_MC  dollars_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  was_VBDZ    how_CS .  
  Zuck_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  lying_VBG  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  money_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  substitute_NN  valise_NN  .  
  which_DDQ  meant_VVD  that_CS  Rickie_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  it_PPH1  to_IO  someone_PN1  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  only_RR  one_MC1  person_NN  that_DD1  night_NN  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD    Paula_NP  .  
  but_CCB  why_CS give_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  making_VBG  the_AT1  bed_NN  by_IO  then_RL  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  pushed_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  something_PN1  drop_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  when_CS the_AT1  percolator_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  started_VVD  making_NN  bubbling_VBG  noises_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  myself_PPX1  it_PPH1  must_VM  've_VH0  fallen_VBN  down_RP  between_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  .  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  urgent_JJ  anyway_RR  .  
  maybe_RR  my_APP$  cigarette-case_NN  .  or_CC  Sonia's_PPIO2  powder_NN  compact_NN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  look_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  later_RRR  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  up_RP  from_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  knees_NNS  ,_,  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  and_CC  fixed_VVD  myself_PPX1  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  coffee_NN  .  
  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  drinking_VBG  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  Peter_NP  Rakosi_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  when_CS I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  marry_VV0  his_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  know_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  lived_VBN  in_IO  Budapest_NP    or_CC  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  the_AT1  only_DA  person_NN  in_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  ever_RR  confided_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  difference_NN  did_VDD  it_PPH1  make_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  past_NN  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  why_CS did_VDD  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  tormenting_VBG  myself_PPX1  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  I_PPIS1  could_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  easy_JJ  .  .  
  there_RL  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  new_JJ  thought_NN  that_PNQS drove_VVD  everything_PN1  else_RR  from_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  my_APP$  cigarette-case_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  fallen_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  it_PPH1  in_IO  my_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  and_CC  Sonia_NP  had_VHD  used_VBN  her_APP$  powder_NN  compact_NN  just_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  seeing_VBG  her_PPHO1  open_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  glance_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  two_MC  before_CS  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  on_IO  stiff_JJ  ,_,  unwilling_JJ  legs_NNS  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  on_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  knees_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  match_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  thing_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  fallen_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  metal_NN  box_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR  six_MC  inches_NNS  by_IO  four_MC  and_CC  an_AT1  inch_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  deep_JJ    the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  box_NN  that_PNQS a_AT1  well-known_JJ  maker_NN  used_VVD  for_IO  packaging_VBG  pipe_NN  tobacco_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  advertised_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  television_NN  and_CC  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  glossy_JJ  magazines_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  muscle_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  body_NN  froze_VVD  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  move_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  never_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  box_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  :_:  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  pipe_NN  smoker_NN  .  
  neither_RR  was_VBDZ  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  visited_VBN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  weeks_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  or_CC  on_IO  my_APP$  bed_NN  that_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  sheer_JB  blind_JJ  terror_NN  held_VVD  me_PPIO1  rigid_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  stricken_JJ  with_IO  paralysis_NN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  report_NN  .  
    .  one_MC1  arm_NN  blown_VBN  off_RP  .  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  part_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  a_AT1  shambles_NN  .  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  face_NN  .  .    
  the_AT1  same_DA  kind_NN  of_IO  death_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  planned_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  any_DD  moment_NN  that_DD1  innocent-looking_JJ  tobacco_NN  box_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  off_RP  .  
  even_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  stared_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  with_IO  my_APP$  skin_NN  crawling_VBG  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  counting_VBG  off_RP  my_APP$  last_DA  moments_NNS  .  
  judging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  spot_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  lay_VVD  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  planted_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  underside_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mattress_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  cross-supports_NNS  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  re-made_VBN  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  if_CS  Sonia_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  made_VBN  love_NN  .  .  
  Sonia_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  else_RR  accounted_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  presence_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  hellish_JJ  box_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  left_VBN  her_PPHO1  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  awoke_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  brief_JJ  sleep_NN  of_IO  exhaustion_NN  .  
  .  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  given_VBN  herself_PPX1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  then_RL  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  asked_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  dress_VV0  and_CC  fix_VV0  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  while_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  time_NN  to_TO  plant_VV0  the_AT1  booby-trap_NN  .  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  how_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  behind_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  kissing_NN  and_CC  caressing_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  planning_VBG  my_APP$  death_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  menace_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  removed_VBN  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  appointed_VBN  herself_PPX1  my_APP$  executioner_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  match_NN  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  still_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  small_JJ  metal_NN  box_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  movement_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  've_VH0  reached_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  touched_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  lost_VBN  the_AT1  will_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  but_CS  kneel_VV0  there_RL  and_CC  sweat_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  bones_NNS  like_IO  rubber_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  wits_NNS  gyrating_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  carousel_NN  inside_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  .  
  .  if_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  ran_VVD  people_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  burned_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  sleep_NN  when_CS the_AT1  thing_NN  went_VVD  off_RP  .  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  building_NN  would_VM  blaze_VV0  like_IO  tinder_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  rouse_VV0  everybody_PN1  and_CC  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  but_CCB  not_XX  if_CS  they_PPHS2  put_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  not_XX  if_CS  they_PPHS2  refused_VVD  to_TO  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  and_CC  demanded_VVD  explanations_NNS  .  .  
  how_CS long_RR  would_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  before_CS  the_AT1  bomb_NN  detonated_VVD  .  
  my_APP$  watch_NN  said_VVD  the_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  off_IO  midnight_NN  .  
  whoever_PNQS had_VHD  set_VBN  the_AT1  fuse_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  allow_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  come_VV0  home_NN1  late_RR  .  
  so_PN1  much_DA  depended_VVD  on_IO  how_CS long_RR  Sonia_NP  Rakosi_NP  had_VHD  waited_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  return_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  hurry_NN  to_TO  leave_VV0  .  
  so_RR  there_EX  must_VM  've_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  ample_JJ  time_NN  allowance_NN  .  
  probably_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  explode_VV0  at_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  o'clock_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  asleep_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  chance_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  any_DD  way_NN  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  take_VV0  that_DD1  chance_NN  .  
  with_IO  sweat_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  I_PPIS1  groped_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  box_NN  .  
  slowly_RR  and_CC  stiffly_RR  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  so_RG  scared_JJ  in_IO  all_DB  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
  putting_VBG  on_RP  my_APP$  coat_NN  meant_VVD  transferring_VBG  the_AT1  box_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  stupidly_RR  what_DDQ  would_VM  happen_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  dropped_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  maybe_RR  nothing_PN1  .  
  maybe_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  matter_VV0  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  miscalculated_VBN  nothing_PN1  mattered_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  on_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  box_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  .  
  outside_RP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  blowing_VBG  a_AT1  blizzard_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  watch_VV0  where_CS I_PPIS1  put_VVD  my_APP$  feet_NNS  in_IO  case_NN  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  force_VV0  myself_PPX1  to_TO  think_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  with_IO  absolute_JJ  certainty_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  keep_VV0  going_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  streets_NNS  were_VBDR  empty_JJ  .  
  snow_NN  blanketed_VVD  everything_PN1  beyond_IO  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  ahead_RR  .  
  with_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  box_NN  hugged_VBN  against_IO  my_APP$  chest_NN  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
  my_APP$  hands_NNS  became_VVD  numbed_VBN  with_IO  cold_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  only_RR  a_AT1  vague_JJ  idea_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  .  
  somewhere_RR  a_AT1  clock_NN  struck_VVD  the_AT1  hour_NN  .  
  by_IO  then_RL  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  daze_NN  .  
  time_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  counted_VVD  ,_,  time_NN  existed_VVD  only_RR  inside_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  carried_VVD  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  ticking_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  grew_VVD  louder_JJ  and_CC  louder_JJ  with_IO  every_AT1  step_NN  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  .  
  chapter_NN  12_MC  .  
  even_RR  now_RL  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  where_CS I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  or_CC  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  when_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  there_RL  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  is_VBZ  walking_VBG  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ,_,  seeking_VBG  a_AT1  place_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  rid_VV0  myself_PPX1  of_IO  the_AT1  metal_NN  box_NN    a_AT1  place_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  only_RR  too_RG  well_RR  I_PPIS1  might_VM  never_RR  reach_VV0  .  
  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  bomb_NN  lying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  created_VBN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  must_VM  die_VV0  because_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  fool_NN  .  
  no_AT1  innocent_JJ  passer-by_NN  must_VM  pay_VV0  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  stupidity_NN  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  private_JJ  hell_NN  ,_,  listening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  ticking_JJ  noise_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  was_VBDZ  inside_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  cringing_VBG  in_IO  my_APP$  stomach_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  holocaust_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  metal_NN  box_NN  might_VM  unleash_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  .    one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  forgot_VVD  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  about_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  told_VVD  Murray_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  pub_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  inhabitant_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  a_AT1  niece_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  thought_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  .    
    Miss_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  .    
    that_DD1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    splendid_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  affair_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  offer_VV0  one_MC1  sheerly_RR  aesthetic_JJ  moment_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  and_CC  Appleby_NP  walked_VVD  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  drive_NN  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  untended_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  passed_VVD  between_IO  ragged_JJ  shrubberies_NNS  and_CC  skirted_VVD  a_AT1  garden_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wilderness_NN  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  this_DD1  hardly_RR  prepared_VVD  one_MC1  for_IO  the_AT1  spectacle_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  house_NN  itself_PPX1  presented_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  closer_JJ  view_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  stood_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  knee-deep_JJ  in_IO  weeds_NNS    like_IO  some_DD  forlorn_JJ  prehistoric_JJ  creature_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  inedible_JJ  pasture_NN  .  
  its_APP$  grey_JJ  surfaces_NNS  were_VBDR  flaked_VBN  and_CC  cracked_VBN  ;_;  its_APP$  woodwork_NN  was_VBDZ  denuded_VBN  of_IO  paint_NN  ;_;  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  windows_NNS  showed_VVD  tattered_JJ  curtains_NNS  pulled_VBN  awry_RR  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  ones_CD1S  lacked_VVD  entire_JB  panes_NNS  of_IO  glass_NN  .  
  the_AT1  effect_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  shocking_JJ  because_CS  the_AT1  house_NN  carried_VVD  its_APP$  breeding_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  ruined_JJ  face_NN  .  
  if_CS  challenged_VBN  to_TO  date_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Appleby_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  1718_MC  ;_;  if_CS  challenged_VBN  to_TO  name_VV0  the_AT1  builder_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  James_NP  Gibbs_NP  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  spoke_VVD  either_LE  of_IO  madness_NN    which_DDQ  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  attributed_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  owner_NN    or_CC  of_IO  penury_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  spoke_VVD  of_IO  both_DB2  .  
  Appleby_NP  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  wondering_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  false_JJ  Astarte_NP  had_VHD  risen_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  decent_JJ  coat_NN  and_CC  skirt_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  presented_VBN  herself_PPX1  to_IO  Gulliver_NP  and_CC  Heffer_NP  on_IO  that_DD1  fateful_JJ  occasion_NN  .  
  for_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  Astarte's_PPIO2  home_NN1  .  
  mysteriously_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  finally_RR  ,_,  Appleby_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  doubt_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  Heffer's_PPIO2  car_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  Heffer_NP  was_VBDZ  either_LE  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  unassuming_JJ  tastes_NNS  or_CC  possessed_NN  of_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  modest_JJ  private_JJ  income_NN  indeed_RGA  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Parker_NP  had_VHD  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  brief-case_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN    and_CC  ,_,  neatly_RR  stacked_VBN  beside_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  a_AT1  sheaf_NN  of_IO  documents_NNS  tied_VBN  with_IO  narrow_JJ  pink_JJ  tape_NN  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  a_AT1  solicitor_NN  .  
  this_DD1  discovery_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  relief_NN  .  
  Appleby_NP  mounted_VVD  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  steps_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  Gabriel_NP  Gulliver's_PPIO2  guess_NN  at_IO  Astarte_NP  Oakes's_PPIO2  background_NN  :_:  the_AT1  ponies_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  spaniels_NNS  in_IO  decay_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  garden_NN  boy_NN  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  entitled_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  rise_NN  in_IO  wages_NNS  .  
  genteel_JJ  poverty_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  descendants_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  colonial_JJ  Governor_NNSB1  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  near_JJ  miss_NN  .  
  the_AT1  poverty_NN  was_VBDZ  here_RL  ,_,  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  as_CS  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  garden_NN  boy_NN  .  
  Appleby_NP  rang_VVD  the_AT1  bell_NN  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  rather_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  this_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  bell-pull_NN  went_VVD  limp_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  limb_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  infant_NN  corpse_NN    he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  and_CC  ghoulishly_RR  thought_VVD    before_CS  rigor_NN  mortis_NN"  set_VVD  in_RP  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  a_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  pulled_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  broken_JJ  bell_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  so_RG  vigorously_RR  that_CS  yards_NNS  of_IO  wire_NN  had_VHD  shot_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  strangled_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  Veere_NP  House_NNL1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  conduce_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  healthy_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  clenched_VVD  his_APP$  fist_NN  and_CC  knocked_VVD  vigorously_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  pause_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knocked_VVD  again_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  every_AT1  reason_NN  to_TO  suppose_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  effect_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  interior_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  considerable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  happened_VVD  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  begin_VV0  shouting_VBG  an_AT1  injunction_NN  to_TO  open_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  more_RRR  in_IO  Parker's_PPIO2  line_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  locked_VBN  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  walked_VVD  in_RP  .  
  trespass_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  house-breaking_NN  or_CC  burglary_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  confirmed_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  impression_NN  that_CS  here_RL  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  dwelling_NN  of_IO  some_DD  elegance_NN  .  
  in_IO  front_II  of_II  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  circular_JJ  hall_NN  of_IO  moderate_JJ  dimensions_NNS  ,_,  rising_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  cupola_NN  and_CC  lantern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  clothed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  plain_JJ  honeycoloured_JJ  marble_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  relieved_VBN  by_IO  engaged_JJ  pilasters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  stone_NN  .  
  ahead_RR  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  archway_NN  beyond_IO  which_DDQ  a_AT1  branching_JJ  staircase_NN  rose_VVD  beneath_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  cupola_NN  .  
  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  were_VBDR  open_JJ  doorways_NNS  ,_,  giving_VBG  on_IO  large_JJ  rooms_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  empty_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  vigorous_JJ  wash_NN  down_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  this_DD1  it_PPH1  retained_VVD  the_AT1  dignity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  built_VBN  .  
  contrastingly_RR  ,_,  both_DB2  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  leading_VBG  off_IO  it_PPH1  gave_VVD  an_AT1  immediate_JJ  impression_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  disgraced_VBN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  reason_NN  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  were_VBDR  the_AT1  carpets_NNS  and_CC  curtains_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  stages_NNS  of_IO  decay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  were_VBDR  crowded_JJ    and_CC  crowded_JJ  with_IO  junk_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  all_DB  be_VB0  junk_NN  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  if_CS  transported_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  junk-shop_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  junk_NN  here_RL  .  
  Appleby_NP  concentrated_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  right_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  further_JB  open_JJ  door_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  through_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  room_NN  beyond_II  .  
  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  crowded_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  .  
  and_CC  neither_LE  room_NN  was_VBDZ  furnished_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  attempt_NN  at_IO  individual_JJ  character_NN  or_CC  even_RR  specific_JJ  function_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  beds_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  sideboards_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  desks_NNS  which_DDQ  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  massive_JJ  Victorian_JJ  offices_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  dressing-tables_NNS  which_DDQ  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  penurious_JJ  Victorian_JJ  servants'_NN2  dormitories_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  covered_VBN  with_IO  pictures_NNS    oils_NNS  ,_,  water-colours_NNS  and_CC  steel-engravings_NNS  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  bags_NNS  of_IO  golf-clubs_NNS  and_CC  bundles_NNS  of_IO  tennis-rackets_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  vaulting_JJ  horse_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  croquet-box_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  stuffed_JJ  bear_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  harmonium_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  disposition_NN  of_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  crowded_JJ  objects_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  principle_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  observed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  principle_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_PNQS struck_VVD  Appleby_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  notable_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  nothing_PN1  was_VBDZ  entirely_RR  concealed_VBN  behind_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  minute_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  took_VVD  Appleby_NP  to_TO  absorb_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  Veere_NP  House_NNL1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  soundless_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  tomb_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  false_JJ  Astarte_NP  were_VBDR  really_RR  here_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  character_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sleeping_JJ  beauty_NN  .  
  in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  Heffer_NP  had_VHD  certainly_RR  taken_VBN  on_RP  the_AT1  ro*?5le_NN  of_IO  Prince_NNSB1  Charming_NP  .  
  but_CCB  whether_CS  his_APP$  plan_NN  for_IO  arousing_VBG  the_AT1  lady_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  all_DB  moral_JJ    whether_CS  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  might_VM  n't_XX  both_DB2  wake_VV0  up_RP  to_TO  find_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  gaol_NN    was_VBDZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  must_VM  now_RL  be_VB0  hunted_VBN  out_RP  .  
  Appleby_NP  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  address_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  this_DD1  task_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  became_VVD  aware_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  deathly_JJ  stillness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  broken_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  broken_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  ,_,  firm_JJ  tapping_NN  from_IO    he_PPHO1  judged_VVD    some_DD  distant_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  floor_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  tapping_NN  came_VVD  nearer_RRR  .  
  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  remember_VV0  treasure_NN  island_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  blind_JJ  pirate_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  unnerved_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Appleby_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  fought_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  thieves'_NN2  kitchens_NNS  almost_RR  as_RG  often_RR  as_IO  Sexton_NP  Blake_NP  ,_,  felt_VVD  a_AT1  momentary_JJ  tingling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scalp_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL    at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farther_JJ  room_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  glancing_VBG    the_AT1  occasion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tapping_NN  appeared_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  some_DD  remoter_JJ  corridor_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  shaft_NN  of_IO  afternoon_NN  sunshine_NN  falling_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  farthest_JJT  of_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  windows_NNS  which_DDQ  extended_VVD  between_IO  Appleby_NP  and_CC  herself_PPX1  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stick_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  tapping_NN  did_VDD  proceed_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  stick_NN    was_VBDZ  muted_VBN  but_CCB  still_RR  irrationally_RR  alarming_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  passed_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  tiled_JJ  floor_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  carpeted_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quick_JJ  tapping_NN    so_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  suggested_VVD  itself_PPX1  as_CS  indeed_RR  produced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  blind_JJ  person_NN  rather_RR  than_IO  a_AT1  lame_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  delusive_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  had_VHD  eyes_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  see_VV0  .  
  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  using_VBG  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  impression_NN  you_PPY  had_VHD  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  advancing_VBG  towards_IO  Appleby_NP  with_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  turned_VBN  steadily_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  left_NN  .  
  her_APP$  stick_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  with_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN    its_APP$  index-finger_NN  extended_VBN    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  spasmodic_JJ  but_CCB  purposeful_JJ  movements_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  advanced_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  old_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  black_NN  .  
  the_AT1  black_NN  was_VBDZ  relieved_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  collar_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  white_JJ  cap_NN  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  uncanny_JJ    uncanny_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  advanced_VVD  through_IO  this_DD1  decorous_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  successors_NNS  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Christopher_NP  Wren_NP  had_VHD  tactfully_RR  refined_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  Dutch_JJ  taste_NN  of_IO  William_NP  and_CC  Mary_NP  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  by_IO  Rembrandt_NP  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  make_VV0  sense_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  ,_,  presumably_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  Kipper_NP  .  
  very_RG  probably_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  Miss_NNSB1  Smith_NP  or_CC  a_AT1  Miss_NNSB1  Jones_NP  .  
  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  passed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  between_IO  two_MC  windows_NNS    and_CC  now_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  clear_JJ  faint_JJ  sunlight_NN  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nearer_RRR  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX    Appleby_NP  saw_VVD    a_AT1  Rembrandt_NP  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  a_AT1  Frans_NP  Hals_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  say_VV0    grown_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  flesh_NN  with_IO  age_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  acquisitive_JJ  old_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_UH    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  ordinary_JJ  ,_,  either_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  behaving_VBG  in_IO  too_RG  extraordinary_JJ  a_AT1  way_NN  .  
  for_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  what_DDQ  that_DD1  left_JJ  index-finger_NN  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ticking_VBG  things_NNS  off_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ticking_VBG  off_RP  all_DB  those_DD2  rubbishing_JJ  material_JJ  possessions_NNS  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  among_IO  which_DDQ  quite_RR  concealed_VVD  any_DD  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  pathological_JJ  old_JJ  miser_NN    for_CS  that_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    advanced_VVD  steadily_RR  towards_IO  Appleby_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  frowned_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  ought_VM  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  there_RL  to_TO  be_VB0  counted_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  spoke_VVD  sharply_RR  .  
    young_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    are_VBR  you_PPY  Richardson's_PPIO2  clerk_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  purblind_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  glance_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  told_VVD  you_PPY  that_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  everything_PN1  .  
  so_RR  Appleby_NP  felt_VVD  rejuvenated_VBN  .  
  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  a_AT1  relative_JJ  matter_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  Richardson's_PPIO2  clerk_NN  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  better_RRR  say_VV0  so_PN1  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    my_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  Appleby_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  call_VV0  on_IO  your_APP$  niece_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  forgive_VV0  me_PPIO1  for_IO  walking_VBG  in_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  difficulty_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  bell_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP    as_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  presumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0    ignored_VVD  this_DD1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  on_RP    crossing_VBG  her_APP$  elegant_JJ  hall_NN  and_CC  entering_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  of_IO  the_AT1  rooms_NNS  on_IO  its_APP$  farther_JJ  side_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  signed_VVD  to_IO  Appleby_NP  to_TO  accompany_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  prepared_VBN  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  provided_CS  this_DD1  did_VDD  not_XX  distract_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  task_NN  of_IO  checking_VBG  over_RP  her_APP$  property_NN  .  
  this_DD1  still_RR  took_VVD  place_NN  entirely_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  no_AT1  doubt_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  return_NN  journey_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD      \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  said_VVD      because_CS  Richardson_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  business_NN  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  mind_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .    
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  \0Mr_NNSB1  Richardson_NP  your_APP$  solicitor_NN  .    
  Appleby_NP  asked_VVD  this_DD1  very_RG  much_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  venture_NN  .  
    certainly_RR  not_XX  .  
  my_APP$  solicitor_NN  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wiggins_NP  of_IO  Gray's_PPIO2  Inn_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  Richardson_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  local_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS did_VDD  business_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  late_JJ  brother-in-law_NN  ,_,  Joseph_NP  Kipper_NP  .  
  most_RG  mistakenly_RR  and_CC  unnecessarily_RR  ,_,  Joseph_NP  left_VVD  a_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  money_NN  in_IO  trust_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  education_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  niece_NN  .  
  Richardson_NP  administered_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  all_RR  over_RP  .  
  the_AT1  money_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  spent_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  trust_NN  discharged_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  girl_NN  may_VM  send_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  pleases_VBZ  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  penny_NN  left_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  unless_CS  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  pocket_NN  .    
    your_APP$  niece_NN  Astarte_NP  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  had_VHD  now_RL  nearly_RR  reached_VBN  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  time_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  serious_JJ  business_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  peregrination_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  sharply_RR  at_IO  Appleby_NP  .  
    Astarte_NP  .  
  stuff_NN  and_CC  nonsense_NN  !_!  
  my_APP$  niece's_NN1$  name_NN  is_VBZ  plain_JJ  Jane_NP  .    
    plain_JJ  Jane_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  loveliest_JJT  girls_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  experimental_JJ  spirit_NN  that_CS  Appleby_NP  offered_VVD  this_DD1  .  
  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  produced_VVD  from_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cackle_NN  of_IO  highly_RR  disagreeable_JJ  laughter_NN  .  
    lovely_JJ  .  
  all_RR  the_AT1  more_DA  reason_NN  why_CS she_PPHO1  should_VM  marry_VV0  Charles_NP  Onions_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  cancel_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  out_RP  ,_,  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  looks_NNS  go_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Onions_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  revoltingly_RR  ugly_JJ  man_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .    
  and_CC  indeed_RR  Appleby_NP  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  might_VM  be_VB0  called_VBN  the_AT1  archetypal_JJ  simplicity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  at_IO  Veere_NP  House_NNL1  .  
    your_APP$  niece_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  wish_NN  to_TO  marry_VV0  this_DD1  revoltingly_RR  ugly_JJ  man_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  penniless_JJ  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  match_NN  that_PNQS you_PPY  design_VV0  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    you_PPY  express_VV0  it_PPH1  very_RG  clearly_RR  ,_,    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Kipper_NP  said_VVD  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  on_RP  .  
    the_AT1  announcement_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  presently_RR  ,_,    would_VM  look_VV0  well_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS    supposing_VBG  one_MC1  were_VBDR  to_TO  waste_VV0  money_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  way_NN  .  **"_**'    very_RG  interesting_JJ  indeed_RGA  ,_,    Miss_NNSB1  Hocking_NP  murmured_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  ended_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  enlighten_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Pritchard_NP  frequently_RR  marked_VVD  books_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  little_JJ  annotations_NNS  on_IO  passages_NNS  that_PNQS interested_VVD  her_PPHO1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  lots_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  do_VD0  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  mention_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  neighbour's_NN1$  name_NN    and_CC  his_APP$  suspecting_VBG  something_PN1    and_CC  the_AT1  sentence_NN  not_XX  finished_VBN    and_CC  the_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  died_VVD  .  
  come_VV0  now_RL  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Hocking_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_DD1  adds_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  something_PN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  answer_VV0  ,_,  just_RR  looked_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  moving_VBG  slightly_RR  behind_IO  lowered_JJ  lids_NNS  .  
  satisfied_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  silenced_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    this_DD1  message_NN    do_VD0  you_PPY  reckon_VV0  it_PPH1  could_VM  've_VH0  been_VBN  for_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  McEvoy_NP  ,_,  warning_VBG  her_PPHO1  that_CS  her_APP$  husband_NN  suspected_VVD  her_PPHO1  of_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  boatshed_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  assignation_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  idea_NN  who_PNQS  this_DD1  warning_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  for_IO  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  warning_NN  .    
    did_VDD  anyone_PN1  turn_VV0  up_RP  at_IO  her_APP$  place_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  probed_VVD  patiently_RR  ,_,    soon_RR  after_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .    
    everyone_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  news_NN  spread_VVD  quickly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  everyone_PN1  came_VVD  in_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  anything_PN1  they_PPHS2  could_VM  do_VD0  .    
  Grogan_NP  turned_VVD  to_IO  Stephen_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  for_IO  your_APP$  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  McEvoy's_PPIO2  divorce_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    desertion_NN  ,_,    Stephen_NP  said_VVD  promptly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  flicked_VVD  on_RP  a_AT1  lighter_NN  and_CC  lighted_VVD  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  .  
    on_IO  whose_WP$I  part_NN  .    
    mine_PP$  .  
  on_IO  our_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  Singapore_NP  things_NNS  were_VBDR  n't_XX  too_RG  happy_JJ  between_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  divorced_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  ,_,  Grogan_NP  thought_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  nice_JJ  clean_JJ  decent_JJ  desertion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  never_RR  so_RG  much_DA  as_CS  turned_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  any_DD  other_DA  bloke_NN  !_!  
  no_UH  !_!  
  a_AT1  brick_NN  wall_NN  here_RL  every_AT1  bit_NN  as_RG  thick_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  putting_VBG  up_RP  .  
  pointedly_RR  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Hocking_NP  reached_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  took_VVD  Stephen's_PPIO2  cup_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  tray_NN  and_CC  straightened_VVD  the_AT1  things_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  though_CS  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  Inspector_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  learnt_VBN  .  
  forestalling_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Grogan_NP  got_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  took_VVD  his_APP$  hat_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  a_AT1  moment_NN  turning_VBG  the_AT1  brim_NN  round_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
    by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  kept_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  steadily_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,    about_RR  where_CS McEvoy_NP  was_VBDZ  shot_VBN  .    
    yes_UH  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  find_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  happen_VV0  down_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  fowlyard_NN  and_CC  him_PPHO1  carried_VBN  indoors_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shot_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  first_RR  appeared_VVD  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  strong_JJ  man_NN  after_IO  all_DB  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Hocking's_PPIO2  expression_NN  was_VBDZ  admirably_RR  impassive_JJ  under_IO  his_APP$  stare_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  blood_NN  that_PNQS rises_VBZ  to_IO  or_CC  drains_VBZ  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  at_IO  certain_JJ  moments_NNS  is_VBZ  under_IO  no_PN$  one's_PN$"  control_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  stones_NNS  that_PNQS enclosed_VVD  his_APP$  small_JJ  domain_NN  ,_,  Jeffrey_NP  Cornwall_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  filling_VBG  a_AT1  mid-morning_NN  pipe_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  tune_NN  of_IO  cherry_NN  ripe_JJ  droned_VBN  several_DA  tones_NNS  flat_RR  he_PPHO1  rolled_VVD  the_AT1  tobacco_NN  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  palms_NNS  .  
  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  ,_,  while_CS  meditatively_RR  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  cow_NN  chewing_VBG  the_AT1  cud_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  rest_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  water_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  near-to-overhead_JB  sun_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  flatten_VV0  it_PPH1  still_RR  further_RRR  so_CS  that_CS  hardly_RR  a_AT1  ripple_NN  stirred_VVD  its_APP$  surface_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bird_NN  flying_VBG  low_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  black_JJ  cloud_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  fish_NN  leaping_VBG  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  explosion_NN  .  
    h'm_UH  .  h'm_VV0  .  h'm_VV0  .  .  
  ripe_JJ  I_PPIS1  cry_VV0  ,_,  full_JJ  and_CC  fair_JJ  ones_CD1S  come_VV0  and_CC  buy_VV0  .    
  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  .  .  
  Grogan_NP  ,_,  leaving_VBG  Miss_NNSB1  Hocking's_PPIO2  ,_,  stopped_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  leaning_VBG  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  and_CC  lighting_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  inspector_NN  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  worse_JJ  occupations_NNS  than_IO  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cornwall_NP  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  on_IO  !_!  
  that_CS  himself_PPX1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  half_RR  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VM  sit_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  and_CC  smoke_VV0  his_APP$  pipe_NN  and_CC  give_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  away_RP  .  
  Cornwall_NP  agreed_VVD  heartily_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  always_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  
  retire_VV0  while_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  health_NN  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  your_APP$  leisure_NN  ,_,  cultivate_VV0  your_APP$  mind_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  an_AT1  ulcer_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  talking_VBG  of_IO  jobs_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  whether_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  had_VHD  got_VBN  any_RR  nearer_RRR  to_IO  solving_VBG  the_AT1  crime_NN  .  
  Grogan_NP  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  several_DA  small_JJ  developments_NNS  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  Cornwall_NP  up_RP  to_IO  date_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  warning_JJ  message_NN  written_VBN  by_IO  old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Pritchard_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  Cornwall_NP  listened_VVD  ,_,  blew_VVD  a_AT1  cloud_NN  of_IO  fragrant_JJ  smoke_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  tobacco_NN  down_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  thumb_NN  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  think_VV0  ,_,    Grogan_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,    that_CS  McEvoy_NP  suspected_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  of_IO  meeting_VBG  a_AT1  feller_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  boatshed_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  fellow_NN  .    Cornwall_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  in_IO  exchange_NN  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  upward_JB  squint_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  .  
    say_VV0  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pritchard_NP  .    
  Cornwall_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  soundless_JJ  whistle_NN  .  
    well_UH  .  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  everyone_PN1  admires_VBZ  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  any_DD  signs_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  carrying_VBG  on_RP  with_IO  anyone_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  then_RL  ,_,  more_RR  than_RR  likely_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  if_CS  it_PPH1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  right_RR  under_IO  my_APP$  nose_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  thank_VV0  God_NP  ,_,  of_IO  being_VBG  interested_JJ  in_IO  love_NN  affairs_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  damn_NN  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  and_CC  frankly_RR  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  Boris_NP  would_VM  've_VH0  cared_VBN  two_MC  hoots_NNS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  dozen_MC  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  boatshed_NN  .    
    no_UH  .  
  how_CS say_VV0  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  divorce_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  snooping_VBG  around_RP  for_IO  evidence_NN  .    
  Cornwall_NP  rejected_VVD  this_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  shake_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  long_JJ  ,_,  thick_JJ  head_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  enveloped_VVD  a_AT1  passing_JJ  fly_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cloud_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  
  divorces_NNS  cost_VV0  money_NN  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .  
  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  work_VV0  ,_,  seemed_VVD  comfortable_JJ  enough_RGA  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  not_XX  in_IO  getting_VBG  rid_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  wife_NN  when_CS all_DB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  say_VV0  was_VBDZ    if_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  up_RP  to_IO  ,_,  beat_VV0  it_PPH1    .    
    look_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  prove_VV0  adultery_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  wife_NN  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  the_AT1  evidence_NN  but_CCB  just_RR  turn_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  on_IO  suspicion_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  can_VM  force_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  support_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  maybe_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  've_VH0  suited_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_TO  clear_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  nothing_PN1  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  match_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  as_RG  young_JJ  and_CC  pretty_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  .    
    you_PPY  may_VM  have_VH0  something_PN1  there_RL  ,_,    Cornwall_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    for_IO  Dal's_PPIO2  sake_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  might_VM  've_VH0  wanted_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  life_NN    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  concerned_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Grogan_NP  ,_,  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  
  not_XX  a_AT1  bad_JJ  looking_JJ  old_JJ  cove_NN  .  
  upright_JJ  and_CC  well-preserved_JJ  ,_,  hair_NN  still_RR  dark_JJ  and_CC  thick_JJ  .  
  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  a_AT1  bit_NN  too_RG  emphatic_JJ  about_IO  how_CS little_DA  interest_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  sex_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  suddenly_RR  :_:  
    by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cornwall_NP  ,_,  about_IO  that_DD1  gun_NN  of_IO  yours_PP$  .    
    by_IO  jove_NN  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  when_CS am_VBM  I_PPIS1  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  back_RP  .    
    chatting_VBG  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  McEvoy_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  again_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  never_RR  saw_VVD  her_APP$  husband_NN  fire_VV0  a_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  or_CC  speak_VV0  of_IO  shooting_VBG  .    
    does_VBZ  n't_XX  mean_VV0  a_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  odd_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  chap_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  plant_VV0  vegetables_NNS  and_CC  forget_VV0  to_TO  water_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  yet_CF  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  wage_VV0  war_NN  on_IO  anything_PN1  that_PNQS took_VVD  a_AT1  nibble_NN  at_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
    his_APP$  wife_NN  says_VBZ  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  damn_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  vegetables_NNS  .    
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  damn_NN  till_CS  somebody_PN1  else_RR  wanted_VVD  them_PPHO1    even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  rabbit_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  that_DD1  about_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  damn_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  records_NNS  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  hit_VV0  the_AT1  roof_NN  if_CS  young_JJ  Dal_NP  Owen_NP  touched_VVD  them_PPHO1  .    
    you_PPY  'd_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  McEvoy_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  too_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  that_DD1  might_VM  be_VB0  why_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  down_RP  here_RL  to_IO  your_APP$  place_NN  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .    
    look_VV0  ,_,  Inspector_NNSB1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  quote_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    Cornwall_NP  said_VVD  hastily_RR  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  Grogan_NP  thought_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  and_CC  passed_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  quote_VV0  me_PPIO1    do_VD0  n't_XX  expect_VV0  any_DD  opinion_NN    do_VD0  n't_XX  expect_VV0  any_DD  help_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  help_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  dozen_MC  murderers_NNS  loose_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  community_NN  .  
  stand_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  sidelines_NNS  and_CC  cheer_VV0  on_RP  anyone_PN1  out_RP  to_TO  down_VV0  the_AT1  cops_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  forget_VV0  'em_PPHO1  all_DB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  just_RR  get_VV0  one_MC1  bit_NN  more_DA  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  half-way_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  met_VVD  Manning_NP  coming_VBG  down_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  grudgingly_RR  ,_,  Manning_NP  admitted_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  other's_$  guess_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  too_RG  bad_JJ  a_AT1  one_MC1  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  just_RR  been_VBN  talking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Fordham_NP  police_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  .  
  chapter_NN  15_MC  .  
  the_AT1  Frys_NP2  were_VBDR  home_NN1  by_IO  midday_NN  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  nice_JJ  little_JJ  lunch_NN  out_RP  ,_,  no_AT1  trip_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  ;_;  instead_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  hire_NN  car_NN  deposited_VVD  them_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  even_RR  more_RG  slowly_RR  than_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  up_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Edward's_PPIO2  face_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  more_RG  pale_JJ  and_CC  drawn_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Jane's_PPIO2  manner_NN  more_RG  determinedly_RR  cheerful_JJ  than_CS  when_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  set_VBN  out_RP  .  
  walking_VBG  ahead_RR  ,_,  as_CS  earlier_RRR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  quickly_RR  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  key_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  have_VH0  it_PPH1  wide_JJ  before_CS  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  hurried_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ,_,  lowered_VVD  the_AT1  blinds_NNS  half-way_RR  ,_,  arranged_VVD  cushions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  refrigerator_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  cool_JJ  drink_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  and_CC  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  sipped_VVD  the_AT1  milk_NN  and_CC  soda_NN  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  one_MC1  more_DA  fear_NN  was_VBDZ  added_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  others_DA2  in_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  fear_NN  worse_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  worse_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  hateful_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  class_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  birds_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  frogs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  Edward_NP  had_VHD  voiced_VBN  the_AT1  fear_NN  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  home_NN1  ;_;  and_CC  each_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  with_IO  dry_JJ  mouth_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  faith_NN  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_IO  feeling_VBG  ,_,  Jane_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  :_:  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,  Eddie_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  like_IO  the_AT1  confessional_NN  .    
    should_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .    
  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  when_CS steps_NNS  sounded_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  veranda_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  last-ditch_JB  courage_NN  ;_;      that_DD1  'll_VM  be_VB0  Vetch's_PPIO2  boy_NN  ,_,    though_CS  the_AT1  steps_NNS  were_VBDR  clearly_RR  of_IO  four_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  two_MC  ,_,  and_CC  Vetch's_PPIO2  boy_NN  never_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  entry_NN  of_IO  Grogan_NP  and_CC  Manning_NP  ,_,  following_IO  on_IO  Manning's_PPIO2  information_NN  to_IO  Grogan_NP  ,_,  left_VVD  no_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  further_JB  ostrich_NN  tactics_NNS  on_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  part_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Frys_NP2  greeted_VVD  the_AT1  visitors_NNS  with_IO  no_AT1  small_JJ  talk_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  ,_,  having_VHG  brought_VBN  them_PPHO1  in_RP  ,_,  murmured_VVD  :_:      the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  Eddie_NP  ,_,    and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  chair_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  detectives_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  habitual_JJ  air_NN  of_IO  resigned_JJ  anxiety_NN  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  trim_JJ  and_CC  orderly_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  Frys_NP2  themselves_PPX2  .  
  from_IO  year_NN  to_IO  year_NN  not_XX  the_AT1  smallest_JJT  thing_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ever_RR  changed_VBN  .  
  Jane_NP  dusted_VVD  it_PPH1  once_RR  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VVD  each_DD1  object_NN  back_RP  in_IO  its_APP$  allotted_JJ  place_NN  .  
  Grogan_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  long_RR  in_IO  explaining_VBG  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  call_NN  :_:  the_AT1  Frys'_NPS$  visit_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  surgery_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  visit_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  chemist_NN  near_II  by_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  surgical_JJ  lint_NN  ,_,  bandages_NNS  and_CC  antiseptics_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  damning_JJ  facts_NNS  gathered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  police_NNS  constable_NN  in_IO  Fordham_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  denied_VBN  ,_,  nor_CC  could_VM  the_AT1  deductions_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  from_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  yes_UH    yes_UH    and_CC  yes_UH  ,_,  Edward_NP  admitted_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  blood_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  spattered_VBN  the_AT1  stones_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  outside_IO  Boris_NP  McEvoy's_PPIO2  fowl-run_NN  .  
  Edward_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  legs_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  ,_,  reached_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  put_VVD  his_APP$  glass_NN  down_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  filled_VBN  with_IO  burning_JJ  intensity_NN  ,_,  seemed_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  breathe_VV0  now_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  hard_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  just_RR  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Frys_NP2  were_VBDR  clinging_VBG  to_IO  with_IO  such_DA  tenacity_NN  ,_,  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  austere_JJ  house_NN  seemed_VVD  so_RG  joyless_JJ  ,_,  its_APP$  barrenness_NN  so_RG  little_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  that_DD1    fine_JJ  and_CC  private_JJ  place_NN    ,_,  the_AT1  grave_NN  .  
    where_CS were_VBDR  you_PPY  wounded_VBN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Fry_NP  .    Grogan_NP  asked_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  facts_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  stated_VBN  and_CC  admitted_VBN  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  calf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  leg_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  flesh_NN  wound_NN  ,_,    Edward_NP  rapped_VVD  out_RP  .  
    the_AT1  bullet_NN  ricocheted_VVD  off_IO  a_AT1  stone_NN  .  
  my_APP$  wife_NN  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  more_RR  than_RR  slightly_RR  angry_JJ  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .  
  otherwise_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  miserable_JJ  incident_NN  to_IO  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  or_CC  ,_,  even_RR  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  relied_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  much-vaunted_JB  medical_JJ  etiquette_NN  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  maintained_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  chemist's_NN1$  were_VBDR  for_IO  some_DD  minor_JJ  injury_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  McEvoy's_PPIO2  death_NN  .    
    who_PNQS  fired_VVD  the_AT1  shot_NN  .    
    Boris_NP  McEvoy_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  lived_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  locality_NN  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  left_VBN  in_IO  peace_NN  to_TO      
    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  deliberate_JJ  .    
    kindly_RR  allow_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  story_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  fashion_NN  ,_,    Edward_NP  rasped_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  stern_JJ  schoolmaster's_NN1$  glance_NN  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  inspector_NN  .  
  Edward_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  control_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  and_CC  none_PN1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  interrupters_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  promptly_RR  dealt_VBN  with_IO  .  
  his_APP$  injured_JJ  leg_NN  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  did_VDD  little_DA  to_TO  lessen_VV0  his_APP$  air_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  uplifted_JJ  hand_NN  commanded_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  turn_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  snap_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  though_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  two_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  household_NN  .  
  my_APP$  younger_JJ  brother_NN  Tom_NP  shared_VVD  our_APP$  holding_NN  of_IO  some_DD  two_MC  hundred_MC  acres_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  barn_NN  door_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  banging_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,  so_CS  if_CS  anyone_PN1  had_VHD  concluded_VBN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  two_MC  bachelors_NNS  were_VBDR  also_RR  wealthy_JJ  ,_,  here_RL  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  another_DD1  such_DA  opportunity_NN  for_IO  murder_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  fancy_NN  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  its_APP$  possibility_NN  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  nervous_JJ  .  
  Tom_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  you_PPY  could_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  sure_JJ  of_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  eccentric_JJ  ,_,  moody_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  shrewd_JJ  ,_,  secretive_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  fault_NN  ,_,  fond_JJ  of_IO  company_NN  and_CC  very_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  liquor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  every_AT1  trifling_JJ  incident_NN  an_AT1  excuse_NN  for_IO  a_AT1    celebration_NN    ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  steady_JJ  enough_RGA  when_CS it_PPH1  suited_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  unreliable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  eldest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  surviving_JJ  sons_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  Tom's_PPIO2  senior_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  different_JJ  temperament_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  one_MC1  to_TO  count_VV0  the_AT1  costs_NNS  beforehand_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  seldom_RR  smoked_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  no_AT1  taste_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  to_II  strong_JJ  drink_NN  ,_,  well_UH  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  appeal_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  when_CS I_PPIS1  considered_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  my_APP$  interests_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,  otherwise_RR  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  sheer_JB  waste_NN  of_IO  good_JJ  money_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  enjoyed_VVD  work_NN  for_IO  work's_NN1$  sake_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  violin_NN  well_RR  played_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  well_RR  told_JJ  story_NN  .  
  Tom_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  reverse_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  tastes_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  good_JJ  at_IO  heart_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thoughtless_JJ  ,_,  more_RR  than_RR  selfish_JJ  ;_;  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  quantity_NN  would_VM  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  best_RBT  describe_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  there_RL  musing_VBG  and_CC  waiting_VBG  his_APP$  return_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  and_CC  powerful_JJ  gust_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  shook_VVD  the_AT1  entire_JB  cottage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  trembled_VVD  violently_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  accompanied_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  tearing_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  terminated_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  dull_JJ  thud_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  adjacent_JJ  room_NN  .  
  at_IO  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  in_IO  alarm_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  at_IO  all_DB  surprised_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  entire_JB  roof_NN  had_VHD  collapsed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  old_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  repair_NN  .  
  however_RR  nothing_PN1  further_JB  happened_VVD  and_CC  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  curious_JJ  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  had_VHD  apparently_RR  fallen_VBN  .  
  taking_VBG  the_AT1  lamp_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  investigate_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  no_RR  sooner_RRR  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  door_NN  than_CS  my_APP$  lamp_NN  was_VBDZ  nigh_RR  extinguished_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  violent_JJ  draught_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  gable_NN  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  ripped_VBN  off_RP  and_CC  swept_VBN  away_RP  .  
  luckily_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  though_CS  windy_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  or_CC  we_PPIS2  would_VM  certainly_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  flooded_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  room_NN  seldom_RR  used_VBN  however_RR  ,_,  so_CS  things_NNS  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  worse_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  contained_VVD  little_DA  furniture_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  its_APP$  contents_NNS  by_IO  heart_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  an_AT1  unfamiliar_JJ  parcel_NN  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  mystified_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  another_DD1  gust_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  came_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  hurriedly_RR  lifted_VBN  up_RP  that_DD1  loosely_RR  tied_JJ  parcel_NN  and_CC  returned_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  room_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  fearful_JJ  of_IO  my_APP$  lamp's_NN1$  chimney_NN  being_VBG  destroyed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  draught_NN  .  
  the_AT1  parcel_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  a_AT1  light_JJ  though_CS  rustly_JJ  nature_NN  ,_,  and_CC  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  carelessly_RR  packed_VBN  .  
  its_APP$  cord_NN  was_VBDZ  useless_JJ  in_IO  effect_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  no_AT1  trouble_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  removal_NN  ,_,  on_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  dumbfounded_VBN  by_IO  its_APP$  unexpected_JJ  contents_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  have_VH0  stood_VBN  some_DD  time_NN  motionless_JJ  in_IO  awe_NN  .  
  on_IO  examination_NN  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  about_RR  twenty_MC  bundles_NNS  of_IO  one_MC1  pound_NN  notes_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  later_RRR  discovered_VVD  amounted_VVD  to_IO  *+2,010_NNU  in_IO  all_DB  .  
  when_CS my_APP$  sudden_JJ  excitement_NN  had_VHD  subsided_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  very_RG  nervous_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  later_RRR  developed_VVD  into_IO  anxiety_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  consult_VV0  anyone_PN1  for_IO  advice_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  uncertain_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  even_RR  tell_VV0  Tom_NP  my_APP$  brother_NN  ,_,  for_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  share_VV0  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  might_VM  talk_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  cups_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  indeed_RR  drink_VV0  its_APP$  entirety_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  kept_VVD  it_PPH1  secret_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  use_VV0  it_PPH1  without_IO  he_PPHO1  in_IO  time_NN  asking_VBG  awkward_JJ  questions_NNS  as_IO  to_II  where_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  obtained_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  money_NN  .  
  to_TO  lodge_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  might_VM  also_RR  make_VV0  for_IO  embarrassment_NN  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  better_RRR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  alternative_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  inform_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  relish_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  final_JJ  solution_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  undecided_JJ  .  
  its_APP$  destruction_NN  by_IO  fire_NN  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  loath_JJ  to_TO  destroy_VV0  wealth_NN  .  
  before_CS  however_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  made_VBN  up_RP  my_APP$  mind_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  room_NN  door_NN  unexpectedly_RR  opened_VVD  and_CC  Tom_NP  entered_VVD  ,_,  sober_JJ  and_CC  silently_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  so_RR  engrossed_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  thoughts_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  never_RR  heard_VVD  his_APP$  step_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  winds_NNS  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  pile_NN  of_IO  notes_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  picked_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  bundle_NN  in_IO  silence_NN  examining_VBG  it_PPH1  thoroughly_RR  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  real_JJ  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  hoarsely_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  saying_VBG  
    where_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  get_VV0  these_DD2  .  
  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  yours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  you_PPY  counting_VBG  your_APP$  wealth_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  absence_NN  .  
  or_CC  maybe_RR  you_PPY  've_VH0  stolen_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  eh_UH  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  staring_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  wildly_RR  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  not_XX  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  injury_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  might_VM  think_VV0  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  false_JJ  explanation_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  made_VBN  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  satisfactory_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  that_DD1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  his_APP$  piggish_JJ  way_NN    judgment_NN  before_IO  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  ,_,  any_DD  evidence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  replied_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  to_TO  have_VH0  hesitated_VBN  would_VM  have_VH0  meant_VBN  suspicion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  tinge_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  already_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  found_VBN  the_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  relating_VBG  in_IO  detail_NN  all_DB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  said_VBN  before_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  watching_VBG  me_PPIO1  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  incredulously_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  quite_RR  understand_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  appear_VV0  fantastic_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  improbable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  ceased_VBN  talking_VBG  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    well_UH  Jim_NP  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1    .  
  I_PPIS1  agreed_VVD  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  unpleasant_JJ  and_CC  peculiar_JJ  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  pressed_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  brown_JJ  paper_NN  wrapper_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  
    look_VV0  there_RL  !_!  
  see_VV0  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  poor_JJ  old_JJ  David_NP  Tuns'_PPIO2  name_NN  written_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1    .  
  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  his_APP$  pointing_JJ  finger_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sure_RR  enough_RGA  the_AT1  name_NN  and_CC  address_NN  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  showing_VBG  also_RR  a_AT1  cancelled_JJ  revenue_NN  stamp_NN  .  
  a_AT1  thought_NN  flashed_VVD  through_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  before_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  give_VV0  it_PPH1  expression_NN  Tom_NP  banged_VVD  his_APP$  fist_NN  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  exclaimed_VVD  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  surely_RR  blood_NN  money_NN  and_CC  will_VM  bring_VV0  bad_JJ  luck_NN  on_IO  us_PPIO2   !_!  
  't_PPH1  is_VBZ  plain_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  murderer_NN  wrapped_VVD  his_APP$  ill-gotten_JJ  gains_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  could_VM  find_VV0  and_CC  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  our_APP$  thatch_NN  .  
  but_CCB  why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  return_VV0  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  throw_VV0  suspicion_NN  on_IO  us_PPIO2   two_MC  lone_JB  men_NNS  .    
  again_RR  he_PPHO1  eyed_VVD  me_PPIO1    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  suspiciously_RR  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS had_VHD  done_VBN  the_AT1  deed_NN  and_CC  hid_VBN  the_AT1  money_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  give_VV0  no_AT1  explanation_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  out_RP  my_APP$  mind_NN  straight_RR  ,_,  asking_VBG  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  now_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  long_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  
    perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  bank_NN  robbery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  notes_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  known_VBN    .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  hardly_RR  probable_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    yet_RR  the_AT1  late_JJ  David_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  believed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  means_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  added_VVD  ,_,    quite_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  his_PP$  and_CC  the_AT1  wrapper_NN  a_AT1  mere_JB  coincidence_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  convinced_VBN  and_CC  Tom_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  David_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  hidden_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  our_APP$  thatch_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  address_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  though_CS  some_DD  people_NNS  are_VBR  queer_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  't_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  saved_VBN  him_PPHO1  income_NN  tax_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  form_VV0  no_AT1  conclusion_NN  as_IO  to_II  its_APP$  origin_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  to_TO  face_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  disposal_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  Tom_NP  would_VM  not_XX  even_RR  listen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  so_CS  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  debate_NN  far_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  we_PPIS2  decided_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  till_IO  morning_NN  and_CC  then_RL  decide_VV0  .  
  next_DA  morning_NN  however_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  earlier_RRR  than_CS  usual_JJ  and_CC  was_VBDZ  attending_VBG  the_AT1  live_JJ  stock_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  at_IO  my_APP$  customary_JJ  time_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  breakfast_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  commenced_VVD  to_TO  repair_VV0  our_APP$  damaged_JJ  roof_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  wind_NN  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  overcast_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  questioned_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_IO  to_II  why_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  asked_VBN  Hattie_NP  ,_,  our_APP$  local_JJ  expert_JJ  thatcher_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  not_XX  wanting_VBG  strangers_NNS  about_IO  our_APP$  home_NN1  as_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  others_DA2  domestic_JJ  affairs_NNS  already_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  perceive_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  sour_JJ  mood_NN  ,_,  so_CS  decided_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  pursue_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  indeed_RR  to_TO  refer_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  agreement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  disposal_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  find_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hurry_NN  anyway_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  now_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  till_IO  five_MC  months_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  brought_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  subject_NN  in_IO  desperation_NN  .  
  Tom_NP  made_VVD  no_AT1  reference_NN  ever_RR  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  early_JJ  spring_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  urgent_JJ  improvements_NNS  due_JJ  on_IO  our_APP$  farm_NN  .  
  extra_JJ  money_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  usefully_RR  spent_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  thing_NN  that_PNQS Tom_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  spend_VV0  a_AT1  discreet_JJ  figure_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  objective_NN  ,_,  so_TO  as_TO"  not_XX  to_TO  arouse_VV0  local_JJ  suspicions_NNS  or_CC  talk_NN  .  
  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  big_JJ  outlay_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  start_VV0  the_AT1  busybody_NN  neighbours_NNS  tongues_NNS  with_IO  Jim_NP  Kogh's_PPIO2  sudden_JJ  wealth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR        where_CS did_VDD  he_PPHO1  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .      't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  started_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  mighty_RG  hard_JJ  to_TO  stop_VV0  .  
  mid-February_NN1  then_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  again_RR  approached_VVD  Tom_NP  asking_VBG  him_PPHO1  why_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  decide_VV0  our_APP$  windfall_NN  of_IO  over_RR  five_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  awkward_JJ  fear_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  eventually_RR  agreed_VVD  with_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  ,_,  barring_IO  telling_VBG  either_LE  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  our_APP$  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  quite_RR  within_IO  our_APP$  rights_NNS  in_IO  equally_RR  dividing_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  as_CS  't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  unclaimed_JJ  on_IO  our_APP$  premises_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  mutual_JJ  share_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  *+2,010_NNU  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  without_IO  a_AT1  murmur_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  turned_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  this_DD1  does_VBZ  not_XX  get_VV0  me_PPIO1  into_IO  any_DD  trouble_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  pretend_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  meant_VBN  by_IO  saying_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  again_RR  entered_VVD  my_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  spend_VV0  it_PPH1  recklessly_RR  on_IO  drink_NN  ,_,  and_CC  give_VV0  our_APP$  secret_NN  away_RP  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  already_RR  said_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  intemperate_JJ  man_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  suited_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  replied_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  ,_,  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  my_APP$  hint_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  only_RR  looked_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  said_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  more_DA  ways_NNS  of_IO  getting_VBG  into_IO  troubles_NNS  than_IO  drink_NN  ,_,  and_CC  money_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  queerly_RR  come_VBN  by_IO  .  
  with_IO  that_DD1  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  understand_VV0  him_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  both_DB2  nervous_JJ  and_CC  vexed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  why_CS ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  even_RR  imagine_VV0  .  
  sometime_RR  later_RRR    't_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  at_RR  least_RR  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0    to_IO  my_APP$  great_JJ  surprise_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Tom_NP  emerging_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  delapidated_JJ  old_JJ  house_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  Dave_NP  Tuns_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  neighbour_NN  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  already_RR  referred_VBN  to_IO  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  found_VBN  murdered_VBN  and_CC  whose_PNQV$  house_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  unoccupied_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  ruin_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  locals_NNS  would_VM  n't_XX  enter_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  late_JJ  owner's_NN1$  property_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  died_VBN  without_IO  issue_NN  or_CC  relatives_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  therefore_RR  be_VB0  legally_RR  disposed_VBN  of_IO  ,_,  though_CS  Tom_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  acquired_VBN  the_AT1  adjacent_JJ  lands_NNS  by_IO  local_JJ  authority_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Tom_NP  coming_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  dreaded_JJ  house_NN  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  refrained_VVD  from_IO  mentioning_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  as_CS  't_PPH1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  none_PN1  of_IO  my_APP$  business_NN  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  later_RRR  than_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  one_MC1  morning_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  several_DA  bad_JJ  dreams_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  David_NP  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  him_PPHO1  prayed_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  put_VV0  a_AT1  stone_NN  or_CC  suchlike_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  memory_NN  .  
  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  decide_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  David_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  relation_NN  of_IO  ours_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  dead_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  pursue_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  nevertheless_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  mystified_VBN  as_IO  to_II  why_CS Tom_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  interest_NN  after_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  lapse_NN  of_IO  time_NN  as_IO  eighteen_MC  years_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  surprised_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  drinking_VBG  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  contrary_JJ  indeed_RGA  to_IO  my_APP$  expectations_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  to_TO  hold_VV0  money_NN  ,_,  much_DA  or_CC  little_DA  .  
  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  roundabout_JJ  way_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  visiting_VBG  a_AT1  nearby_JB  widow_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  daughter_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  considered_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  well_RR  off_RP  in_IO  property_NN  and_CC  gilt-edged_JJ  investments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  above_IO  criticism_NN  .  Farland_NP  sat_VVD  waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  yet_RR  to_TO  meet_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  Halset_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  arrived_VBN  just_RR  after_IO  dinner_NN  .  
  following_IO  a_AT1  telephone_NN  call_NN  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  earlier_RRR  ,_,  Winter_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  of_IO  explaining_VBG  you_PPY  to_IO  Halset_NP  before_CS  he_PPHO1  sees_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  would_VM  you_PPY  mind_VV0  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  stay_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  dining_NN  room_NN  ,_,  or_CC  .  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  my_APP$  bedroom_NN  ,_,    Farland_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  every_AT1  comfort_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  letter_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  .    
    so_RG  glad_JJ  you_PPY  understand_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  hear_VV0  us_PPIO2   come_VV0  upstairs_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  certain_JJ  to_TO  want_VV0  Wally_NP  to_TO  retire_VV0  early_RR  and_CC  will_VM  probably_RR  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  stronger_JJ  sedative_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  're_VBR  through_RP  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  join_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .    
    how_CS much_DA  will_VM  you_PPY  tell_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  Halset_NP  about_IO  the_AT1  reasons_NNS  for_IO  my_APP$  being_VBG  here_RL  .    Farland_NP  had_VHD  asked_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_RG  little_DA  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  your_APP$  rescuing_VBG  Wally_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  cliffs_NNS  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  that_DD1  falls_VBZ  into_IO  the_AT1  medical_JJ  picture_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  local_JJ  gossip_NN  and_CC  other_DA  troubles_NNS  are_VBR  outside_IO  his_APP$  province_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  your_APP$  cue_NN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Farland_NP  reviewed_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  decision_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  learned_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  reveal_VV0  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  information_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  believe_VV0  Susie_NP  Bowers_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  Winter_NP  might_VM  feel_VV0  very_RG  differently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  suit_VV0  Farland's_PPIO2  plans_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  girl_NN  banned_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  irresponsible_JJ  gossip_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  other_DA  valid_JJ  reasons_NNS  for_IO  silence_NN  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  proof_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  confirmation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  much_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  discovered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  strongly_RR  suspected_VVD  that_CS  Smail_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  watching_VBG  the_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  night_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chewing-gum_NN  was_VBDZ  circumstantial_JJ  .  
  considered_VBN  objectively_RR  it_PPH1  only_RR  proved_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  intruders_NNS  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  Smail_NP  .  
  the_AT1  identification_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  man_NN  as_IO  either_LE  Harker_NP  or_CC  Beddoes_NP  was_VBDZ  even_RR  flimsier_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lead_NN  .  
  no_AT1  more_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  watch_VV0  them_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  suspicions_NNS  were_VBDR  proved_VBN  right_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  discover_VV0  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  employing_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  had_VHD  the_AT1  same_DA  unknown_JJ  person_NN  induced_VBN  Bowers_NP  to_TO  start_VV0  the_AT1  talk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  or_CC  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  fortuitous_JJ  .  
  Farland_NP  summed_VVD  up_RP  .  
  quite_RR  fair_JJ  to_TO  hold_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  Winter_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  keeping_VBG  things_NNS  back_RP  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  about_IO  the_AT1  knife_NN  .  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  that_CS  Wally_NP  did_VDD  attack_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  .  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  voices_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  and_CC  Winter_NP  entered_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  visitor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  effected_VVD  introductions_NNS  .  
  Halset_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  as_CS  Farland_NP  had_VHD  pictured_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shortish_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  slight_JJ  build_NN  .  
  the_AT1  nose_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  predominant_JJ  feature_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  long_JJ  and_CC  beakish_JJ  ,_,  coming_VBG  out_RP  so_RG  far_RR  that_CS  one_MC1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  tip_NN  must_VM  intrude_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  vision_NN  whenever_CS he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  downwards_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  bald_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  hair_NN  tufting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  and_CC  tending_VBG  to_TO  curl_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  a_AT1  mournful_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  handshake_NN  was_VBDZ  loose_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  well_RR  modulated_VBN  and_CC  ,_,  Farland_NP  imagined_VVD  ,_,  could_VM  be_VB0  soothing_JJ  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Farland_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  heard_VBN  how_CS magnificently_RR  you_PPY  behaved_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  thankful_JJ  you_PPY  were_VBDR  here_RL  and_CC  averted_VVD  what_DDQ  would_VM  certainly_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  tragedy_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  ,_,    Farland_NP  murmured_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  Rufus_NP  Winter_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  situation_NN  that_PNQS called_VVD  for_IO  somebody_PN1  pretty_RR  athletic_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  not_XX  the_AT1  nerve_NN    let_VV0  alone_JJ  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,    Winter_NP  said_VVD  candidly_RR  .  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  get_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  how_CS very_RG  fortunate_JJ  ,_,  doctor_NN  ,_,  that_CS  you_PPY  should_VM  happen_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  coming_VBG  down_RP  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  often_RR  you_PPY  leave_VV0  town_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  escape_VV0  too_RG  rarely_RR  ,_,    Halset_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  prescribe_VV0  rest_NN  for_IO  myself_PPX1  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  never_RR  manage_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  however_RR    there_EX  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  long-standing_JJ  invitation_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suddenly_RR  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  with_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  cancelled_JJ  appointments_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  secretary_NN  managed_VVD  some_DD  re-arranging_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  ones_CD1S  and_CC    well_UH    here_RL  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .    
    taking_VBG  on_RP  an_AT1  extra_JJ  fifty_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  driving_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  bit_NN  more_DA  work_NN  ,_,    Winter_NP  commented_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  appreciate_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  driving_VBG  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  so_RG  little_DA  these_DD2  days_NNS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  welcome_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  comfortably_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  drink_NN  at_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  Winter_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  can_VM  talk_VV0  freely_RR  to_IO  Farland_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  very_RG  little_DA    largely_RR  because_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  sufficiently_RR  understand_VV0  your_APP$  methods_NNS  .    
    hypnosis_NN  ,_,    Halset_NP  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  facing_VBG  Farland_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  possible_JJ    with_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  subject_NN    to_TO  virtually_RR  turn_VV0  back_RP  the_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  fortunately_RR  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Waldo_NP  Sutton_NP  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  subject_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  put_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  hypnotic_JJ  sleep_NN  very_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  longer_RRR  at_RR  first_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  results_NNS  were_VBDR  no_RR  more_RR  than_RR  encouraging_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  now_RL  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  reached_VBN  the_AT1  stage_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  falls_VBZ  into_IO  a_AT1  trance_NN  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  word_NN  formula_NN  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  in_IO  this_DD1  condition_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  ,_,  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  relive_VV0  portions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  in_RR  particular_RR  that_DD1  night_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air-crash_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  disaster_NN  .    
  Farland_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
  Halset_NP  continued_VVD  ,_,  
    the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  hypnotic_JJ  treatment_NN  lies_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  increased_JJ  suggestibility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  patient_NN  and_CC  also_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  call_VV0  abreaction_NN    bringing_VBG  repressed_JJ  material_NN  back_RP  to_IO  consciousness_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  complex_JJ  matter_NN  ,_,  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  the_AT1  general_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,    Farland_NP  said_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  give_VV0  this_DD1  hypnotic_JJ  treatment_NN  to_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  patients_NNS  .    
    indeed_RR  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  possible_JJ  in_IO  certain_JJ  cases_NNS  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  among_IO  many_DA  methods_NNS  of_IO  treatment_NN  .    
  Winter_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  always_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  soothing_JJ  effect_NN  on_IO  Wally_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  more_DA  trouble_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  .    
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  not_XX  ,_,    Halset_NP  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  sound_VV0  so_RG  confident_JJ  as_IO  Winter_NP  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  Farland_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  watching_VBG  closely_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Halset_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  entirely_RR  at_IO  ease_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  worried_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  once_RR  or_CC  twice_RR  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  being_VBG  given_VBN  to_IO  Wally_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  glanced_VBN  at_IO  Winter_NP  as_CS  though_CS  for_IO  support_NN  .  
  or_CC  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  just_RR  ,_,  Farland_NP  wondered_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  too_RG  favourably_RR  impressed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  study_VV0  the_AT1  psychiatrist_NN  more_RG  closely_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  professionally_RR  critical_JJ  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  might_VM  evaluate_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
  however_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,  for_CS  Halset_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  and_CC  announced_VVD  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  .  
  Winter_NP  ,_,  at_IO  Farland's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  quietly_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  suggest_VV0  you_PPY  should_VM  run_VV0  any_DD  risk_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  sure_JJ  our_APP$  unknown_JJ  friends_NNS  are_VBR  n't_XX  watching_VBG  .    
    leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    Farland_NP  assured_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  Halset_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  risen_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  seat_NN  .  
  Winter_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  excuse_VV0  Farland_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  habit_NN    likes_VBZ  his_APP$  evening_NN  exercise_NN  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    Halset_NP  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  accompanied_VVD  the_AT1  loose_JJ  handshake_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  murmured_JJ  hope_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  meet_VV0  again_RR  sometime_RR  .  
  Farland_NP  left_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  back_JB  door_NN  ,_,  just_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  here_RL  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  thoughtfully_RR  .  
  did_VDD  it_PPH1  matter_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS watched_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  saw_VVD  Halset's_PPIO2  car_NN  leave_VV0  .  
  did_VDD  Winter_NP  have_VH0  a_AT1  genuine_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  or_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  just_RR  a_AT1  smooth_JJ  dismissal_NN  .  
  remembering_VBG  that_CS  Halset_NP  had_VHD  remained_VBN  seated_VBN  Farland_NP  favoured_VVD  this_DD1  explanation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  Halset_NP  sees_VBZ  me_PPIO1    and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  get_VV0  me_PPIO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  could_VM  be_VB0  worth_IO  checking_VBG  .  
  moving_VBG  with_IO  cautious_JJ  silence_NN  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  terrace_NN  and_CC  approached_VVD  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doors_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  garden_NN  bench_NN  nearer_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  and_CC  stepped_VVD  up_RP  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  leaning_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  Halset_NP  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  still_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  the_AT1  risk_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  kept_VBN  .  .    
    nonsense_NN  !_!    Winter_NP  interrupted_VVD  briskly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  this_DD1  is_VBZ  complicated_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  handle_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  we_PPIS2  will_VM  n't_XX  fail_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VHD  never_RR  .  .    
  Halset_NP  lowered_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,  or_CC  was_VBDZ  moving_VBG  farther_RRR  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  Farland_NP  could_VM  hear_VV0  no_AT1  more_DA  ;_;  not_XX  even_RR  Winter's_PPIO2  reply_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  guessed_VVD  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  bench_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  there_RL  waiting_VBG  .  
  within_IO  five_MC  minutes_NNS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  unmistakable_JJ  slam_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  door_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  car_NN  drove_VVD  off_RP  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  .  
  Winter_NP  might_VM  stroll_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  or_CC  come_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  and_CC  Farland_NP  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  no_AT1  cause_NN  for_IO  suspicion_NN  .  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  Halset_NP  uneasy_JJ  and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  risk_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  mentioned_VBN  .  
  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  discussing_VBG  some_DD  aspect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  treatment_NN  Wally_NP  was_VBDZ  undergoing_VBG  .  
  or_CC  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  last_DA  private_JJ  conversation_NN  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  connected_VBN  with_IO  Wally_NP  .  
  Winter_NP  had_VHD  business_NN  interests_NNS    or_CC  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  impossible_JJ  for_IO  Halset_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  financially_RR  involved_VBN  .  
  investments_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  presumably_RR  come_VBN  to_TO  know_VV0  Winter_NP  quite_RR  well_RR  .  
  certainly_RR  it_PPH1  sounded_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  Winter_NP  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  the_AT1  decisions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  rather_RR  ruled_VVD  out_RP  medical_JJ  matters_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  sentence_NN  interrupted_VBN  by_IO  Winter_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  :_:  
  we_PPIS2  should_VM  have_VH0  kept_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  investments_NNS  .  
  Winter_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  playing_VBG  the_AT1  market_NN  .  
  that_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  complicated_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  probably_RR  feel_VV0  himself_PPX1  competent_JJ  to_TO  handle_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  Farland_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  
  if_CS  money_NN  's_VBZ  the_AT1  answer_NN  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  politely_RR  pushing_VBG  me_PPIO1  off_RP  was_VBDZ  justified_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  money_NN  the_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  Farland_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  connect_VV0  the_AT1  words_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  whispering_NN  campaign_NN  against_IO  Wally_NP  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  Winter's_PPIO2  assurance_NN  that_CS  Halset_NP  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  told_VBN  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  unsatisfactory_JJ  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nearing_VBG  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  he_PPHO1  dismissed_VVD  the_AT1  overheard_JJ  conversation_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  his_APP$  wits_NNS  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  caught_VBN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  stop_NN  ,_,  hearing_VBG  a_AT1  slight_JJ  rustling_NN  ahead_RR  .  
  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  became_VVD  more_RG  definite_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  someone_PN1  running_VBG  across_IO  a_AT1  gap_NN  between_IO  bushes_NNS  ,_,  heading_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  orchard_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  by_IO  some_DD  ill-fortune_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  spotted_VBN  first_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  plunged_VVD  forward_RR  in_IO  pursuit_NN  but_CCB  still_RR  using_VBG  caution_NN  ,_,  remembering_VBG  there_EX  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  two_MC  men_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  orchard_NN  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  certain_JJ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  intruder_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  gaining_VBG  ground_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  Susie's_PPIO2  guidance_NN  earlier_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  his_APP$  quarry_NN  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  cliff_NN  path_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  no_AT1  particular_JJ  value_NN  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  obviously_RR  knew_VVD  the_AT1  layout_NN  much_RR  more_RG  intimately_RR  .  
  racing_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  path_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  allotments_NNS  Farland_NP  at_RR  last_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  clear_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  after_IO  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  mistaking_VBG  the_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  gangling_JJ  figure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Smail_NP  .  
  within_IO  seconds_NNS  a_AT1  bend_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  hid_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  view_NN  and_CC  Farland_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  wider_JJ  cliff_NN  path_NN  Farland_NP  stopped_VVD  .  
  Smail_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  cunning_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  be_VB0  making_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  under_IO  cover_NN  of_IO  bushes_NNS  and_CC  stretches_NNS  of_IO  hedge_NN  .  
  which_WDTI  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  way_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  to_IO  Brigantine_NP  Cove_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  Diana_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  lying_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  guess_NN  and_CC  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  right_JJ  choice_NN  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Smail's_PPIO2  favour_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  places_NNS  where_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  hide_VV0  .  
  Farland_NP  accepted_VVD  defeat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  regained_VVD  his_APP$  breath_NN  ,_,  listening_VBG  hard_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  betraying_JJ  sounds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  lit_VVD  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  retrace_VV0  his_APP$  steps_NNS  .  
  alongside_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  allotments_NNS  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fence_NN  and_CC  here_RL  he_PPHO1  rested_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  while_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  warm_JJ  night_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tempted_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  longer_RRR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  still_RR  quite_DA  a_AT1  distance_NN  to_TO  cover_VV0  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS  Winter_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  anxious_JJ  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  walking_VBG  briskly_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  finally_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  a_AT1  clear_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  french_JJ  windows_NNS  were_VBDR  open_JJ  and_CC  Winter_NP  was_VBDZ  pacing_VBG  the_AT1  terrace_NN  .  
  Farland_NP  hurried_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  overgrown_JJ  lawn_NN  and_CC  Winter_NP  ,_,  seeing_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  came_VVD  hurrying_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  steps_NNS  .  
    thank_VV0  heaven_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  back_RP  ,_,  Farland_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  worried_JJ  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  screw_VV0  up_RP  sufficient_JJ  courage_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  look_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  scared_JJ  after_IO  last_DA  night_NN    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  confess_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  hurt_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  sounded_VVD  anxious_JJ  .  
    no_UH  .  
  someone_PN1  was_VBDZ  spying_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  unfortunately_RR  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  me_PPIO1  before_CS  I_PPIS1  spotted_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  chased_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  cliff_NN  path_NN    and_CC  then_RL  lost_VVD  him_PPHO1  .    
    did_VDD  you_PPY  get_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  look_NN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .    Winter_NP  asked_VVD  eagerly_RR  .  
  Farland's_PPIO2  hesitation_NN  was_VBDZ  brief_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  chap_NN  had_VHD  too_RG  big_JJ  a_AT1  start_NN    plus_IO  the_AT1  advantage_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  on_IO  familiar_JJ  ground_NN  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  gained_VBN  by_IO  identifying_VBG  the_AT1  intruder_NN  as_IO  Smail_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  .    you_PPY  got_VVD  my_APP$  message_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  flower-seller_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  message_NN  and_CC  what_DDQ  flower-seller_NN  .    
    please_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  other_DA  talent_NN  for_IO  hire_NN  .    
  Loddon_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  signal_VV0  the_AT1  waiter_NN  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  off_RP  half-cocked_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  flick_NN  .    
    do_VD0  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  like_IO  one_MC1  .    
    no_UH  .  .    
    okay_UH  .  
  anywhere_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  talk_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  leave_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  go_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  entrance_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  come_VV0  in_RP  from_IO  Coventry_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  around_RP  .    
  the_AT1  man_NN  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  left_VVD  ,_,  pausing_VBG  a_AT1  moment_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  where_CS the_AT1  porter_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  bill_NN  .  
  Loddon_NP  paid_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  account_NN  ,_,  finished_VVD  his_APP$  cigarette_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  about_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  wondering_VBG  if_CS  Sergeant_NNSB1  Leinster_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  visible_JJ  .  
  in_IO  Coventry_NP  Street_NNL1  the_AT1  reporter_NN  halted_VVD  outside_IO  the_AT1  doors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Corner_NNL1  House_NNL1  ,_,  waiting_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  table_NN  companion_NN  appeared_VVD  ,_,  touching_VBG  his_APP$  arm_NN  and_CC  making_VBG  a_AT1  head_NN  jerk_NN  towards_IO  Rupert_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  court_NN  half-way_RR  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  where_CS ,_,  half-way_RR  along_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  stopped_VVD  .  
    now_RL  friend_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  job_NN  .    
    your_APP$  name_NN  Light_NP  .    
    what_DDQ  's_VHZ  that_DD1  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  his_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  wary_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  talk_VV0  to_IO  men_NNS  without_IO  names_NNS  .    
    choosey_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  call_VV0  me_PPIO1  Shiner_NP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  any_DD  funny_JJ  ideas_NNS  about_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  forget_VV0  them_PPHO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  touched_VVD  his_APP$  left_JJ  arm_NN  that_PNQS Loddon_NP  had_VHD  noticed_VBN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  slightly_RR  away_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sign-manual_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  habitually_RR  used_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  shoulder-holster_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  never_RR  funny_JJ  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  out_RP  on_IO  business_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  damned_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  talk_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  place_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  .  
  know_VV0  anywhere_RR  private_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  might_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lead_NN  on_IO  something_PN1  interesting_JJ  ,_,  for_IO  example_NN  .    
  Loddon_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  say_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,  fumbling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  left-hand_JB  pocket_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trench-coat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  half_RR  grinned_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Light's_PPIO2  hand_NN  begin_VV0  to_TO  move_VV0  towards_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  armpit_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  reporter's_NN1$  hand_NN  reappeared_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  a_AT1  thick_JJ  packet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  flicked_VVD  the_AT1  top_JB  fold_NN  ,_,  revealing_VBG  five-pound_JB  notes_NNS  in_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  large_JJ  collection_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    this_DD1  good_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  plenty_RR  more_DA  where_CS these_DD2  came_VVD  from_IO  .    
  Light's_PPIO2  quick_JJ  look_NN  was_VBDZ  expert_JJ  .  
    looks_VBZ  about_RR  seventy_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  that_DD1  lot_NN  .    
    eighty_MC  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  precise_JJ  .    
    good_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  cab_NN  .  
  got_VBN  any_DD  objection_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  hold_VV0  your_APP$  hat_NN  over_IO  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  ,_,  friend_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  advertise_VV0  my_APP$  home_NN1  .    
  Loddon_NP  was_VBDZ  amused_VBN  at_IO  Light's_PPIO2  caution_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  impressed_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  a_AT1  cab_NN  in_IO  Wardour_NP  Street_NNL1  and_CC  held_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  card_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  drive_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  address_NN  it_PPH1  bore_VVD  .  
  from_IO  behind_IO  the_AT1  shelter_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hat_NN  Loddon_NP  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  London_NP  is_VBZ  almost_RR  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  Superintendent_NNSB1  Shott's_PPIO2  ,_,  knew_VVD  when_CS they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  left_RR  in_IO  Shaftesbury_NP  Avenue_NNL1  .  
  from_IO  Piccadilly_NP  Circus_NNL1  ,_,  following_VBG  the_AT1  curious_JJ  angle_NN  round_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  Corner_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  fairly_RR  easy_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  slight_JJ  left_JJ  hand_NN  sway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cab_NN  ,_,  Brompton_NP  Road_NNL1  was_VBDZ  identified_VBN  .  
  then_RL  Loddon_NP  got_VVD  confused_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  idea_NN  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  Albert_NP  Hall_NNL1  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  twist_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  streets_NNS  ,_,  halting_VBG  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  guess_VV0  the_AT1  address_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  shrewd_JJ  idea_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  whereabouts_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  out_RP  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  ,_,  ill-lighted_JJ  mews_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cab_NN  driver_NN  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  off_RP  .  
  Light_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  door_NN  beside_IO  a_AT1  closed_JJ  garage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  key_NN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  pocket_NN  ,_,  smiling_VBG  without_IO  humour_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Loddon_NP  looking_VBG  round_RP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,  friend_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  never_RR  guess_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  years_NNS  .    
  Loddon_NP  nodded_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  baffled_JJ  fashion_NN  ,_,  not_XX  bothering_VBG  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  small_JJ  sign_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  caught_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  trick_NN  of_IO  light_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  badly_RR  curtained_JJ  window_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:    Hickliff_NP    coals_NNS    .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  trouble_NN  in_IO  finding_VBG  the_AT1  mews_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  again_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  darkness_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  that_PNQS opened_VVD  .  
  not_XX  until_CS  Loddon_NP  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  top_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  button_NN  touched_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  door_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  right_NN  .  
    go_VV0  on_RP  in_RP  ;_;  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  locked_VBN  .    
  the_AT1  door_NN  gave_VVD  access_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  tidily_RR  furnished_JJ  sitting-room_NN  where_CS chintz_NN  and_CC  Japanese_JJ  oak_NN  predominated_VVD  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  record-player_NN  with_IO  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  facing_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  television_NN  set_NN  .  
    make_VV0  yourself_PPX1  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
  Light_NP  threw_VVD  his_APP$  coat_NN  and_CC  hat_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  Loddon_NP  retained_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
    thanks_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  staying_VBG  long_RR  .  
  only_RR  take_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  .    
    sounds_VBZ  like_IO  something_PN1  easy_JJ  .  
  drink_NN  .    
  Light_NP  moved_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  spread_VBN  with_IO  bottles_NNS  .  
    whisky_NN  ;_;  if_CS  not_XX  ,_,  beer_NN  .    
    easy_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  filled_VVD  two_MC  glasses_NNS  and_CC  brought_VVD  them_PPHO1  across_RP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  couch_NN  facing_VBG  Loddon_NP  .  
    health_NN  .    
    and_CC  yours_PP$  .    
  the_AT1  reporter_NN  sipped_VVD  the_AT1  drink_NN  ,_,  setting_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  glass_NN  unusually_RR  slowly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  an_AT1  angle_NN  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  framing_VBG  a_AT1  proposition_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  Light_NP  to_TO  unwittingly_RR  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  slant_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seeking_VBG  .  
    now_RL  look_VV0      then_RL  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  noticed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  big_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  extremely_RR  ugly_JJ  face_NN  entered_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  yawning_VBG  and_CC  stretching_VBG  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  woken_VBN  from_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  stared_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  the_AT1  prospect_NN  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  soft_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  urbane_JJ  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,  Eeky_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  was_VBDZ  just_RR  getting_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  business_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  willing_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0      
  Eeky_NP  Morris_NP  went_VVD  slowly_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  something_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  long-barrelled_JJ  Smith_NP  &_CC  Wesson_NP  service_NN  pistol_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  face_NN  at_IO  Light's_PPIO2  expression_NN  of_IO  surprise_NN  .  
    sucker_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  Shiner_NP  .  
  seen_VBN  this_DD1  chap_NN  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  .  
  name_NN  's_VBZ  Loddon_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  reporter_NN  .    
  the_AT1  pale_JJ  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  became_VVD  narrowed_VBN  and_CC  bitter_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  sure_JJ  .    
    sure_UH  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  !_!  
  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  at_IO  a_AT1  coupla_NN  trials_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  picture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  report_NN  ,_,  once_RR  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  here_RL  !_!    
    his_APP$  message_NN  came_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  pillar-box_NN  .    
    that_DD1  damned_JJ  flower-merchant_NN  !_!    
  Morris's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  sour_JJ  .  
    probably_RR  got_VVD  the_AT1  lead_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  told_VVD  you_PPY  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  asking_VBG  for_IO  trouble_NN  relying_VBG  on_IO  that_DD1  old_JJ  fool_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  here_RL  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,    Loddon_NP  said_VVD  ;_;  he_PPHO1  disliked_VVD  being_VBG  ignored_VBN  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  party_NN  was_VBDZ  scarcely_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  favour_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  reporter_NN  .  
  okay_UH  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  the_AT1  hell_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  propose_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Light_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  his_APP$  toes_NNS  again_RR  .  
  one_MC1  hand_NN  sneaked_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  reporter's_NN1$  face_NN  became_VVD  white_JJ  then_RL  scarlet_JJ  where_CS the_AT1  violence_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  open_JJ  palm_NN  hit_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  ,_,  friend_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  half_RR  turned_VVD  to_IO  Morris_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Eeky_NP  .    
    please_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  cover_VV0  him_PPHO1  while_CS  you_PPY  frisk_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Loddon_NP  submitted_VVD  meekly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  search_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  so_RG  intently_RR  angry_JJ  that_CS  Light_NP  was_VBDZ  outstared_VBN  ,_,  completing_VBG  the_AT1  search_NN  with_IO  rough_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  gently_RR  .  
    precisely_RR  nothing_PN1  to_TO  identify_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC      he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  again_RR  .  
    two_MC  fivers_NNS  covering_VBG  a_AT1  bundle_NN  of_IO  scrap_NN  cut_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  size_NN  .  
  you_PPY  busy_JJ  little_JJ  fellow_NN  !_!    
  his_APP$  hand_NN  took_VVD  Loddon_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  cheek_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  remove_VV0  his_APP$  jacket_NN  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  ,_,  friend_NN  .    
  Loddon_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  Morris's_PPIO2  gun_NN  ,_,  guessed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  proximity_NN  of_IO  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  decided_VVD  to_TO  chance_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  Light_NP  had_VHD  only_RR  half_RR  removed_VBN  his_APP$  jacket_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  forward_RR  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  jumped_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  ready_JJ  fist_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  classic_JJ  haymaker_NN  .  
  Light's_PPIO2  head_NN  snicked_VVD  back_RP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  folded_VVD  up_RP  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suddenly_RR  gone_VBN  boneless_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  lay_VVD  still_JJ  .  
  Morris_NP  said_VVD  something_PN1  wicked_JJ  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    clever_JJ  bastard_NN  !_!  
  stay_VV0  where_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  unless_CS      
    unless_CS  nothing_PN1  !_!    
  Loddon_NP  leapt_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  comforting_JJ  zeal_NN  for_IO  battle_NN  rising_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  swift_JJ  urgency_NN  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  well_RR  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  use_VV0  that_DD1  thing_NN  here_RL  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  dodged_VVD  the_AT1  downward_JB  lash_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  attempted_JJ  pistol-whipping_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  fist_NN  smacked_VVD  on_IO  Morris's_PPIO2  ear_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  comforting_JJ  thud_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Morris_NP  was_VBDZ  both_DB2  larger_JJ  and_CC  tougher_JJ  than_IO  his_APP$  partner_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  away_RP  the_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  what_DDQ  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  painful_JJ  blow_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stepped_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  big_JJ  ,_,  Loddon_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  short_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  with_IO  far_RR  less_DA  weight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  stood_VVD  toe_NN  to_IO  toe_NN  and_CC  traded_VVD  blows_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  efficient_JJ  economy_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS knew_VVD  how_CS to_TO  fight_VV0  .  
  Loddon_NP  realized_VVD  his_APP$  weight_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  not_XX  good_JJ  enough_RGA  when_CS Morris_NP  began_VVD  driving_VBG  him_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  hurriedly_RR  ,_,  leapt_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sitting_VBG  on_IO  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  Morris_NP  could_VM  understand_VV0  the_AT1  manoeuvre_NN  ,_,  vaulted_VVD  back_RP  again_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shortened_JJ  handspring_NN  .  
  both_DB2  his_APP$  feet_NNS  in_IO  mid-air_NN  hit_VVD  Morris_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  action_NN  brought_VVD  Loddon_NP  over_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  partially_RR  winded_JJ  Morris_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  rolling_VBG  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  ,_,  hands_NNS  at_IO  throats_NNS  and_CC  eyes_NNS  ,_,  crashing_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  silent_JJ  Shiner_NP  Light_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  table_NN  of_IO  drink_NN  bottles_NNS  came_VVD  down_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  ended_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  record-player_NN  which_DDQ  tottered_VVD  but_CCB  did_VDD  not_XX  fall_VV0  ,_,  releasing_VBG  a_AT1  confetti_NN  of_IO  gramophone_NN  discs_NNS  on_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Loddon_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  stamina_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  forced_VVD  the_AT1  attack_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  win_VV0  the_AT1  fight_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  exhausted_JJ  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  gouging_VBG  and_CC  punching_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  envenomed_JJ  hate_NN  ,_,  grunting_VBG  and_CC  cursing_VBG  at_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  pleasant_JJ  sitting-room_NN  was_VBDZ  becoming_VBG  a_AT1  chaos_NN  and_CC  neither_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  paid_VVD  any_DD  attention_NN  to_IO  knockings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  protests_NNS  of_IO  alarmed_JJ  and_CC  irritated_JJ  neighbours_NNS  .  
  Morris_NP  ,_,  pounding_VBG  steadily_RR  at_IO  Loddon_NP  ,_,  seemed_VVD  determined_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  punishment_NN  going_VBG  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  prevail_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  .  
  with_IO  his_APP$  physique_NN  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  highly_RR  probable_JJ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  .  
  he_PPHO1  hit_VVD  the_AT1  reporter_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  force_NN  of_IO  controlled_JJ  fury_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  telegraphed_VVD  the_AT1  blow_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Loddon_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  moving_VBG  away_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  grunted_VVD  ,_,  went_VVD  head_NN  over_IO  heels_NNS  and_CC  came_VVD  up_RP  against_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  fallen_VBN  table_NN  of_IO  drinks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  hurled_VVD  himself_PPX1  backwards_RR  over_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  sliding_VBG  across_RP  and_CC  dropping_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  .  
  Morris_NP  angling_VBG  himself_PPX1  forward_RR  almost_RR  simultaneously_RR  ,_,  got_VVD  the_AT1  impact_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  thrust_VBN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  followed_VBN  by_IO  Loddon_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  headlong_JB  dive_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  down_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  violence_NN  that_PNQS shook_VVD  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  entangled_VVD  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  began_VVD  methodically_RR  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  pound_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  out_RP  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  bitter_JJ  and_CC  merciless_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  might_VM  have_VH0  gone_VBN  on_RP  until_CS  the_AT1  gasping_JJ  Loddon_NP  was_VBDZ  finished_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  Light's_PPIO2  voice_NN  came_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  lash_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  whip_NN  :_:  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  friend_NN  ;_;  stick_VV0  'em_PPHO1  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  perfectly_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  this_DD1  thing_NN  .    
  Loddon_NP  paused_VVD  ,_,  half_RR  turning_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Light_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  ,_,  holding_VBG  Morris's_PPIO2  gun_NN  ,_,  then_RL  folded_VVD  up_RP  as_CS  Morris's_PPIO2  fist_NN  drove_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  wind_NN  with_IO  deliberate_JJ  savagery_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  hours_NNS  before_CS  Loddon_NP  came_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  wrenching_NN  of_IO  agony_NN  inside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  breathe_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  somehow_RR  ,_,  with_IO  little_JJ  gasps_NNS  he_PPHO1  slowly_RR  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  doubtful_JJ  normality_NN  .  
  when_CS Light_NP  dug_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  failed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  tried_VVD  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  stood_VVD  there_RL  .  
  his_APP$  hands_NNS  bunched_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  tensed_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  jump_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  jeering_JJ  Eeky_NP  Morris_NP  .  
  Light_NP  thrust_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Loddon_NP  paused_VVD  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  guts_NNS  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  risk_VV0  firing_VBG  this_DD1  thing_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  still_RR  club_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  so_RR  nark_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  a_AT1  sore_JJ  head_NN  .  
  Eeky_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  this_DD1  chap_NN  knows_VBZ    it_PPH1  'd_VM  pay_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  certain_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  eh_UH  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    Morris_NP  ,_,  breathing_VBG  heavily_RR  and_CC  dabbing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  pouring_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  cut_JJ  ear_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  after_IO  all_DB  .  
    how_CS .    
    ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  feel_VV0  like_IO  answering_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  handle_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Light_NP  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  any_DD  refusal_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  would_VM  suit_VV0  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  Loddon_NP  with_IO  an_AT1  intent_JJ  expression_NN  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  friend_NN  .    
  a_AT1  battered_JJ  ,_,  still_RR  gasping_JJ  Loddon_NP  grinned_VVD  crookedly_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    melodrama_NN  in_IO  A_ZZ1  flat_JJ  !_!    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  poor_JJ  jest_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  funny_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  laugh_VV0  at_IO  outright_RR  ,_,  then_RL  Loddon's_PPIO2  lips_NNS  curled_VVD  in_IO  agony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  butt_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Smith_NP  &_CC  Wesson_NP  was_VBDZ  slapped_VBN  viciously_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  knee_NN  .  
    that_DD1  'll_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  start_VV0  off_RP  with_II  .    
  Light_NP  moved_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  waiting_VBG  until_CS  Loddon's_PPIO2  involuntary_JJ  tears_NNS  of_IO  agony_NN  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  .  
    feel_VV0  like_IO  being_VBG  civil_JJ  ,_,  friend_NN  .    
    if_CS  you_PPY  put_VV0  that_DD1  gun_NN  down_RP      
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  taking_VBG  you_PPY      
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  not_XX  .    
  the_AT1  voice_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  brought_VBN  round_RP  the_AT1  heads_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  men_NNS  .  Shevlin_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  more_DA  information_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  .    
    yeah_UH  .  
  what_DDQ  .    
    a_AT1  scream_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Slaytons'_NPS$  living-room_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  Weeks'_NPS$  if_CS  the_AT1  French_JJ  doors_NNS  are_VBR  open_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  n't_XX  if_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  closed_VBN  .    
    you_PPY  tested_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  experiment_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  .    
  Willis_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    good_JJ  going_NN  ,_,  Shevlin_NP  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  important_JJ  .    
  if_CS  Shevlin_NP  expected_VVD  a_AT1  pat_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  from_IO  Camp_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    yeah_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  chief_NN  ,_,    except_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  've_VH0  been_VBN  smarter_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  how_CS loud_JJ  a_AT1  scream_NN  sounds_NNS  in_IO  Star's_PPIO2  bedroom_NN  .    
  chapter_NN  nine_MC  .  
  the_AT1  papers_NNS  Tuesday_NN1  night_NN  spread_VVD  the_AT1  murder_NN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  pages_NNS  .  
  chauffeur_NN  held_VBN  in_IO  socialite_NN  slaying_NN  were_VBDR  the_AT1  headlines_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  contained_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  nuances_NNS  of_IO  sin_NN  and_CC  sex_NN  that_PNQS readers_NNS  ate_VVD  up_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  case_NN  the_AT1  papers_NNS  loved_VVD  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  people_NNS  in_IO  high_JJ  places_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  and_CC  almost_RR  naked_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  possibility_NN  that_CS  under_RP  the_AT1  bright_JJ  light_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  investigation_NN  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  scandals_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  uncovered_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  dream_NN  case_NN  and_CC  editors_NNS  had_VHD  spared_VBN  no_AT1  pains_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  effort_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  colour_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  enterprising_JJ  reporter_NN  had_VHD  dug_VBN  up_RP  an_AT1  old_JJ  publicity_NN  photo_NN  of_IO  Phyllis_NP  taken_VBN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pounding_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  doors_NNS  of_IO  show-business_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  helped_VVD  the_AT1  cause_NN  for_CS  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  ravishing_JJ  beauty_NN  taken_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ,_,  under_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  conditions_NNS  and_CC  eleven_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  Phyllis'_PPIO2  career_NN  on_IO  Broadway_NP  was_VBDZ  played_VBN  up_RP  ;_;  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  prote*?2ge*?2_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  big-name_JB  director_NN  and_CC  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  been_VBN  married_VBN  to_IO  Hans_NP  Meredith_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  since_II  become_VBN  a_AT1  prominent_JJ  playwright_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  even_RR  statements_NNS  from_IO  Meredith_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  director_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  said_VVD  flattering_JJ  things_NNS  about_IO  Phyllis_NP  and_CC  regretted_VVD  her_APP$  untimely_JJ  death_NN  .  
  Phyllis_NP  was_VBDZ  glorified_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  articles_NNS  but_CCB  her_APP$  husband_NN  fared_VVD  less_RG  well_RR  .  
  in_IO  mentioning_VBG  his_APP$  five_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  marriage_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  overlook_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  divorced_VBN  an_AT1  earlier_JJ  wife_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  run_VBN  off_RP  with_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  material_NN  that_PNQS helped_VVD  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hospital_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  heart_NN  surgeons_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  east_NN1  .  
  Wednesday_NN1  morning's_NN1$  papers_NNS  took_VVD  a_AT1  slightly_RR  different_JJ  approach_NN  .  
  with_IO  few_DA  developments_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  investigation_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  to_IO  interviews_NNS  and_CC  speculation_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  picture_NN  they_PPHS2  ran_VVD  was_VBDZ  of_IO  Ralph_NP  ,_,  not_XX  Phyllis_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  head_NN  lowered_VBN  ,_,  coming_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  Griswold_NP  funeral_NN  parlour_NN  with_IO  Harry_NP  and_CC  May_NP  Wilson_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Phyllis'_PPIO2  father_NN  and_CC  mother_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  black_JJ  suit_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  black_JJ  hat_NN  and_CC  dark_JJ  glasses_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  happy_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  questions_NNS  that_PNQS the_AT1  articles_NNS  raised_VVD  were_VBDR  :_:  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  Phyllis_NP  Slayton_NP  dressed_VBN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  (_(  overlooking_VBG  the_AT1  perfectly_RR  plausible_JJ  possibility_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  ready_JJ  for_IO  bed_NN  )_)  ,_,  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  nobody_PN1  at_IO  home_NN1  that_DD1  particular_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  and_CC  
  who_PNQS  had_VHD  parked_VBN  a_AT1  big_JJ  car_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  and_CC  gone_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  amateur_NN  detectives_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  dismissed_VVD  the_AT1  hidden_JJ  tea_NN  service_NN  as_IO  merely_RR  a_AT1  plant_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  disguise_VV0  the_AT1  real_JJ  motive_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  murder_NN  .  
  Wednesday_NN1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inquest_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  crowds_NNS  came_VVD  early_RR  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  fifty_MC  people_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  hall_NN  steps_NNS  at_IO  seven-thirty_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  auditorium_NN  doors_NNS  were_VBDR  opened_VBN  at_IO  nine_MC  ,_,  a_AT1  double_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  extended_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  and_CC  all_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  in_IO  front_NN  .  
  the_AT1  auditorium_NN  had_VHD  eight_MC  hundred_MC  seats_NNS  but_CCB  more_DA  than_IO  twice_RR  that_DD1  number_NN  were_VBDR  waiting_VBG  outside_RP  and_CC  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  after_CS  the_AT1  line_NN  started_VVD  moving_VBG  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  seat_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  had_VHD  outside_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  section_NN  reserved_VBN  for_IO  principals_NNS  and_CC  officials_NNS  .  
  Phyllis_NP  Slayton_NP  was_VBDZ  packing_VBG  them_PPHO1  in_RP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  never_RR  had_VHD  on_IO  Broadway_NP  and_CC  hundreds_MC2  had_VHD  turned_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  night_NN  before_II  to_TO  file_VV0  by_IO  her_APP$  bier_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  funeral_NN  parlour_NN  even_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  lid_NN  was_VBDZ  closed_VBN  .  
  Judge_NNSB1  Mansfield_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  flair_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  ,_,  strode_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  swirl_NN  of_IO  robes_NNS  at_IO  precisely_RR  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  buzz_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  turned_VVD  into_IO  dead_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  behind_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  beside_IO  which_DDQ  an_AT1  empty_JJ  chair_NN  for_IO  witnesses_NNS  faced_VVD  the_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  inquest_NN  was_VBDZ  conducted_VBN  by_IO  town_NN  prosecutor_NN  Robert_NP  Herring_NP  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Allen_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  man_NN  called_VBN  .  
  Herring_NP  spent_VVD  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  questioning_VBG  him_PPHO1  with_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Allen_NP  answering_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  voice_NN  that_PNQS people_NNS  strained_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  described_VVD  the_AT1  position_NN  and_CC  condition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  means_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  determined_VVD  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  death_NN  .  
  then_RL  Herring_NP  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  pointedly_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  sexual_JJ  attack_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  from_IO  Herring's_PPIO2  manner_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  strongly_RR  doubted_VVD  the_AT1  claim_NN  that_CS  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  none_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  Herring_NP  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  clad_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  filmy_JJ  ne*?2glige*?2e_NN  ,_,  could_VM  possibly_RR  be_VB0  strangled_VBN  without_IO  being_VBG  attacked_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  Allen_NP  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  swayed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  attack_NN  .  
  after_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Allen_NP  stepped_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Slayton_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  stand_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  questioning_NN  was_VBDZ  brief_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  board_NN  meeting_NN  ,_,  stopped_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  drinks_NNS  at_IO  Phaedo's_PPIO2  and_CC  come_VBN  home_NN1  to_TO  find_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  killed_VBN  .  
  Slayton_NP  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  suffering_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  stand_NN  and_CC  Herring_NP  was_VBDZ  gentle_JJ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  \0Lt_NNSB1  Willis_NP  was_VBDZ  next_DA  and_CC  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  what_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  victim's_NN1$  robe_NN  ,_,  dust_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fingerprints_NNS  from_IO  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  in_IO  Hartford_NP  .  
  no_AT1  clues_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  found_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  robe_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  dust_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fingerprints_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  being_VBG  sorted_VBN  .  
  further_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  extensive_JJ  interviews_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  conducted_VBN  and_CC  over_RR  seventy-five_MC  people_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  questioned_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  those_DD2  acquainted_VBN  or_CC  related_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  deceased_JJ  but_CCB  all_DB  known_JJ  criminals_NNS  ,_,  perverts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  sex-offenders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  everyone_PN1  who_PNQS had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  called_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  attention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  nothing_PN1  conclusive_JJ  had_VHD  been_VBN  uncovered_VBN  .  
  Star_NP  Slayton_NP  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  inquest_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  as_CS  was_VBDZ  everyone_PN1  else_RR  on_IO  Terrace_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  called_VBN  upon_IO  for_IO  testimony_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  grey-haired_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS looked_VVD  like_IO  Joe_NP  Morgan_NP  and_CC  no_AT1  mention_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  chauffeur_NN  named_VBN  Gary_NP  James_NP  ,_,  nor_CC  of_IO  his_APP$  pink_JJ  smudged_JJ  handkerchief_NN  .  
  Herring_NP  conducted_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  affair_NN  in_IO  as_RG  general_JJ  a_AT1  way_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  statements_NNS  definitely_RR  made_VVD  revolved_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  place_NN  ,_,  cause_NN  ,_,  and_CC  victim_NN  of_IO  death_NN  .  
  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  perpetration_NN  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  wide_RR  open_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  Judge_NNSB1  Mansfield_NP  could_VM  pronounce_VV0  the_AT1  broadest_JJT  decision_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  court_NN  ,_,  to_TO  wit_VV0  :_:  
    the_AT1  court_NN  finds_VBZ  that_CS  Phyllis_NP  Slayton_NP  ,_,  ne*?2e_JJ  Wilson_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  strangled_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  by_IO  hands_NNS  and_CC  by_IO  sash_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  on_IO  Terrace_NNL1  Lane_NNL1  between_IO  the_AT1  hours_NNS  of_IO  nine_MC  and_CC  ten-thirty_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  of_IO  August_NN1  third_MD  ,_,  nineteen_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty-nine_MC  ,_,  such_DA  death_NN  being_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  of_IO  person_NN  or_CC  persons_NNS  unknown_JJ  .    
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  adjourned_VVD  the_AT1  inquest_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  chambers_NNS  to_TO  pose_VV0  for_IO  pictures_NNS  with_IO  Herring_NP  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  crowd_NN  filed_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  torrid_JJ  and_CC  stuffy_JJ  auditorium_NN  ,_,  Camp_NP  and_CC  Willis_NP  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  basement_NN  headquarters_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chief_NN  was_VBDZ  perspiring_VBG  freely_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  grumbling_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  always_RR  grumbled_VVD  ,_,  at_IO  such_DA  red-tape_JB  phases_NNS  of_IO  law-and-order_NN  as_IO  inquests_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  supernumerary_NN  was_VBDZ  holding_VBG  down_RP  the_AT1  desk_NN  because_CS  all_DB  regular_JJ  patrolmen_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  ordered_VBN  to_TO  attend_VV0  the_AT1  inquest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  envelope_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    this_DD1  came_VVD  while_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  upstairs_RL  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  special_JJ  delivery_NN  letter_NN  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  three-cent_JB  stamped_JJ  envelope_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  cent_NN  for_IO  first_MD  class_NN  mail_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  delivery_NN  made_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  additional_JJ  three_MC  cent_NN  stamps_NNS  with_IO  extra_NN  for_IO  good_JJ  measure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  bore_VVD  a_AT1  Marshton_NP  postmark_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  9_MC  \0a.m_RR  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  addressed_VBN  to_IO  :_:  Chief_NNSB1  of_IO  police_NNS  ,_,  police_NNS  headquarters_NN  ,_,  Marshton_NP  ,_,  \0Conn_NP  .  
  the_AT1  address_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  words_NNS    special_NC2  delivery_NC2    had_VHD  been_VBN  typed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  envelope_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  battered_JJ  old_JJ  machine_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  a_AT1  piece_NN  missing_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1    L_NC2    and_CC  a_AT1  badly_RR  worn_JJ  and_CC  unaligned_JJ    E_NC2    .  
  Camp_NP  looked_VVD  the_AT1  envelope_NN  over_RP  briefly_RR  ,_,  then_RL  ripped_VVD  it_PPH1  open_JJ  and_CC  pulled_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  sheet_NN  inside_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  unfolded_VVD  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  by_IO  instinct_NN  not_XX  touching_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  more_DA  than_IO  his_APP$  fingertips_NNS  .  
  inside_RP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  four-word_JB  sentence_NN  which_DDQ  read_VVD  :_:  
    Ralph_NP  Slayton_NP  killed_VVD  Phyllis_NP  .    
  chapter_NN  ten_MC  .  
  Camp_NP  read_VVD  the_AT1  note_NN  and_CC  frowned_VVD  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  holding_VBG  it_PPH1  by_IO  the_AT1  corners_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Willis_NP  and_CC  Shevlin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  lieutenant_NN  whistled_VVD  but_CCB  Shevlin_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  one_MC1  in_IO  every_AT1  crowd_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    one_MC1  what_DDQ  .    
    it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  crank_NN  note_NN  .    
  Camp_NP  grinned_VVD  .  
    kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  funny_JJ  note_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  crank_NN  .  
  notice_VV0  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  suggest_VV0  Ralph_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  killed_VBN  his_APP$  wife_NN  as_CS  a_AT1  poison_NN  pen_NN  writer_NN  usually_RR  does_VBZ  .  
  this_DD1  says_VBZ  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  kill_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  writer_NN  talks_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  something_PN1  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  he_PPHO1  talks_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  happen_VV0  .    
    and_CC  ,_,    Willis_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,    as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  send_VV0  James_NP  up_RP  for_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Shevlin_NP  stood_VVD  alone_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  Slayton_NP  did_VDD  it_PPH1  .    
    give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  reason_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Camp_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  alibied_JJ  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  alibi_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  checked_VBN  yet_RR  .  
  the_AT1  writer_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  note_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  afraid_JJ  we_PPIS2  would_VM  n't_XX  check_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Willis_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  the_AT1  state_NN  police_NNS  .    
    hell_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Camp_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  even_RR  know_VV0  the_AT1  local_JJ  force_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  the_AT1  supernumerary_NN  .  
    go_VV0  find_VV0  a_AT1  board_NN  and_CC  some_DD  thumbtacks_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Willis_NP  to_TO  take_VV0  this_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  lab_NN  .    
  the_AT1  officer_NN  went_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  materials_NNS  and_CC  Shevlin_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Ralph_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  board_NN  meeting_NN  and_CC  stopped_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  home_NN1  until_IO  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  past_IO  eleven_MC  and_CC  Phyllis_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  killed_VBN  any_RR  later_RRR  than_IO  ten-thirty_MC  .  
  how_CS 's_VBZ  he_PPHO1  going_VBG  to_TO  lie_VV0  about_IO  a_AT1  thing_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  funny_JJ  about_IO  that_DD1  bar_NN  ,_,    Camp_NP  said_VVD  musingly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  and_CC  pulled_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  black_JJ  and_CC  acrid_JJ  cigar_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  shirt_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  thoughtfully_RR  .  
    Slayton_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  usually_RR  stop_VV0  at_IO  bars_NNS  after_IO  meetings_NNS  .  
  interesting_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  happened_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  this_DD1  particular_JJ  night_NN  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  easy_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  fight_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  right_RR  home_NN1  .    
    a_AT1  violent_JJ  fight_NN  ,_,    Willis_NP  put_VVD  in_RP  .  
    very_RG  violent_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  picked_VBN  up_RP  again_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  .    
    at_IO  eleven-twenty_MC  .    Shevlin_NP  retorted_VVD  .  
    an_AT1  hour_NN  after_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .    
  Camp_NP  lighted_VVD  his_APP$  cigar_NN  .  
    the_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  your_APP$  growing_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  this_DD1  town_NN  is_VBZ  you_PPY  have_VH0  background_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  bad_JJ  thing_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  prejudiced_JJ  .  
  forget_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  element_NN  ,_,  Shevlin_NP  .  
  forget_VV0  that_DD1  for_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  puffed_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  cigar_NN  in_IO  enjoyment_NN  .  
    a_AT1  fight_NN  with_IO  Ralph_NP  could_VM  explain_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .    
  Shevlin_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    not_XX  from_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  .    
    are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  because_CS  Ralph_NP  Slayton_NP  operates_VBZ  on_IO  hearts_NNS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  strangle_VV0  anybody_PN1  .    
    not_XX  that_DD1  way_NN  .  
  not_XX  from_IO  the_AT1  arguments_NNS  you_PPY  give_VV0  .  
  Ralph_NP  might_VM  strike_VV0  Phyllis_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  rage_NN  ,_,  or_CC  throttle_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  kill_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  half_RR  throttle_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  then_RL  knot_VV0  a_AT1  sash_NN  around_IO  her_APP$  neck_NN  to_TO  finish_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  just_RR  rage_NN  .    
  Camp_NP  paused_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  cigar_NN  in_IO  mid-air_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  steadfastly_RR  at_IO  Shevlin_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  moment_NN  .  
  finally_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  Willis_NP  ,_,  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  men_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  make_VV0  into_IO  cops_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  place_NN  were_VBDR  pretty_RR  hopeless_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  back_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  the_AT1  boy_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  spark_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  in_IO  time_NN  we_PPIS2  might_VM  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  real_JJ  detective_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  compliment_NN  Shevlin_NP  had_VHD  got_VBN  from_IO  Camp_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  feeling_VBG  flattered_VBN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  win_VV0  a_AT1  point_NN  .    
    hell_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,    Camp_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  lowering_VBG  the_AT1  boom_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  go_VV0  getting_VBG  a_AT1  swelled_JJ  head_NN  .  
  one_MC1  swallow_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  you_PPY  come_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  one_MC1  vague_JJ  intangible_NN  in_IO  Slayton's_PPIO2  favour_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  eliminates_VBZ  him_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  suspect_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  even_RR  a_AT1  suspect_NN  until_CS  you_PPY  got_VVD  that_DD1  note_NN  .    
    was_VBDZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .    
  Camp_NP  grinned_VVD  at_IO  Willis_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  spot_VV0  intangibles_NNS  too_RR  ,_,  Shevlin_NP  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  the_AT1  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  fight_NN  makes_VBZ  us_PPIO2   perk_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  ears_NNS  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  pay_VV0  attention_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  stated_VBN  they_PPHS2  fought_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  notice_VV0  he_PPHO1  never_RR  thinks_VBZ  his_APP$  daughter_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  killed_VBN  too_RR  .  **"_**'    you_PPY  went_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  Ellam_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  puts_VBZ  you_PPY  right_RR  there_RL  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crime_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  his_APP$  smile_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  filled_VVD  with_IO  horror_NN  .  
    no_UH  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN    I_PPIS1  can_VM  prove_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  frightened_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  before_II  .  
    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  Roger_NP  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  meet_VV0  Susan_NP  ,_,  because_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  met_VBN  her_PPHO1  myself_PPX1  that_DD1  same_DA  morning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  all_DB  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    did_VDD  n't_XX  that_DD1  make_VV0  you_PPY  wild_JJ  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  because_CS  Roger_NP  had_VHD  often_RR  spoken_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  about_IO  marrying_VBG  her_PPHO1  .    
    for_IO  her_APP$  money_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  drooped_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  wine_NN  glass_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  it_PPH1  round_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  and_CC  letting_VBG  it_PPH1  reflect_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  wild_JJ  ,_,  just_RR  miserable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  sort_NN  of_IO  helpless_JJ  and_CC  perhaps_RR  a_RR  little_RR  jealous_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  to_TO  shake_VV0  the_AT1  feeling_VBG  off_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  passed_VVD  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  drive_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  swear_VV0  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  go_VV0  in_RP  .  
  Roger_NP  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  there_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  his_APP$  date_NN  with_IO  Susan_NP  ,_,  that_CS  everything_PN1  depended_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  keep_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  say_VV0  why_CS .    
    he_PPHO1  just_RR  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dangerous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  might_VM  ruin_VV0  everything_PN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  suddenly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  kept_VVD  repeating_VBG  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  go_VV0  inside_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  moaning_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  left_VVD  without_IO  another_DD1  word_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  back_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  playing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  wine_NN  glass_NN  and_CC  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  .  
  somebody_PN1  should_VM  have_VH0  painted_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  just_RR  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  chapter_NN  twenty-six_MC  .  
  the_AT1  theatre_NN  building_NN  looked_VVD  just_RR  as_RG  square_JJ  and_CC  just_RR  as_RG  plain_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  shadows_NNS  from_IO  trees_NNS  swayed_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  brickwork_NN  like_IO  curious_JJ  fingers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  spring_NN  scent_NN  of_IO  earth_NN  and_CC  woods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  feeling_NN  of_IO  remoteness_NN  ,_,  though_CS  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  people_NNS  were_VBDR  about_RP  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  boys_NNS  drifted_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  ones_CD1S  frisky_JJ  and_CC  excited_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  big_JJ  ones_CD1S  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  condescending_JJ  tolerance_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  same_DA  effect_NN  on_IO  Shale_NP  it_PPH1  always_RR  had_VHD    a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  cynical_JJ  contempt_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  system_NN  that_PNQS moulded_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  lights_NNS  were_VBDR  on_RP  inside_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  windows_NNS  curtained_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  after_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  evening_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  colder_JJ  place_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  about_RR  two-thirds_MC2  full_JJ  of_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  kept_VVD  bobbing_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  seats_NNS  ,_,  chewing_VBG  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  happy_JJ  anticipatory_JJ  drone_NN  .  
  a_AT1  prefect_NN  ushered_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  our_APP$  seats_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  row_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  school_NN  orchestra_NN  in_IO  front_NN  began_VVD  teetering_VBG  nervously_RR  on_IO  their_APP$  violins_NNS  .  
  an_AT1  amateurish_JJ  air_NN  hung_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  infection_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  cover_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  programme_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  in_RP  for_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  affectionately_RR  known_VBN  as_IO  English_JJ  middle-class_JJ  comedy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  studied_VVD  the_AT1  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  row_NN  .  
  Wylie's_PPIO2  head_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  right_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  close_JJ  quarters_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  little_JJ  grey_JJ  waves_NNS  looked_VVD  thinner_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  flimsy_JJ  sponges_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  pink_JJ  sea_NN  bed_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  hat_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  sitting_VBG  behind_IO  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  played_VBN  a_AT1  gleam_NN  of_IO  triumph_NN  steadily_RR  on_IO  Shale_NP  as_CS  we_PPIS2  came_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  row_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  seats_NNS  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  her_APP$  head_NN  snapped_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  .  
  Wylie_NP  acknowledged_VVD  us_PPIO2   with_IO  a_AT1  curt_JJ  nod_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  faint_JJ  drawing_NN  in_IO  of_IO  the_AT1  eyebrows_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rather_RR  subdued_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  more_RG  human_JJ  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Teale_NP  looked_VVD  almost_RR  soft_JJ  and_CC  yielding_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  prim_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  new_JJ  defiance_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  wandered_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  confidently_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  her_APP$  hair_NN  long_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  look_VV0  younger_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  gaze_NN  rested_VVD  often_RR  on_IO  Carter_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  bright_JJ  smile_NN  next_RR  to_IO  my_APP$  uncle_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  across_RP  affably_RR  and_CC  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  whisper_NN  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  been_VBN  looking_VBG  for_IO  Ellam_NP  all_DB  evening_NN  .  
  apparently_RR  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  nowhere_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  .  
  looks_VBZ  pretty_RR  mysterious_JJ  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    
  I_PPIS1  passed_VVD  it_PPH1  on_RP  to_IO  Shale_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  reading_VBG  his_APP$  programme_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suddenly_RR  felt_VVD  him_PPHO1  nudge_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pointing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  cast_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  finger_NN  was_VBDZ  half_RR  way_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  page_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  :_:  
    Laura_NP  Thistledown_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  manager's_NN1$  secretary_NN  .  played_VBN  by_IO  William_NP  Barlow_NP  ,_,  6_MC  A_ZZ1  .    
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  his_APP$  finger_NN  there_RL  for_IO  my_APP$  benefit_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  meant_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  name_NN      Laura_NC2    .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  have_VH0  signified_VBN  something_PN1  but_CCB  my_APP$  mind_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  grasp_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  puzzled_JJ  glance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  settled_VBN  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  like_IO  that_DD1  when_CS the_AT1  prefect_NN  shuffled_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  row_NN  and_CC  whispered_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  .  
    Willant_NP  wants_VBZ  a_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    Shale_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  all_DB  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  heads_NNS  turned_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  polite_JJ  air_NN  of_IO  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  row_NN  .  
  Willant_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  indecision_NN  .  
    Ellam_NP  's_VBZ  nowhere_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    nowhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  .    
  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  strayed_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  waistcoat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  tugged_VVD  nervously_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  tricky_JJ  point_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  embarrassing_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  behaviour_NN  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  quite_RR  sure_JJ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
  Shale_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  could_VM  tell_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .    
    but_CCB  as_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  two_MC  hours_NNS  ago_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  look_VV0  premature_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  disappeared_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  return_VV0  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suffering_VBG  from_IO    perhaps_RR  a_AT1  nervous_JJ  breakdown_NN    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  unwise_JJ  to_TO  draw_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1      
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  at_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  to_TO  wait_VV0  .    Ambrose_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tactician_NN  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  weighed_VBN  everything_PN1  up_RP  .  
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  pretty_RR  worried_JJ  about_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  while_NN  back_RP  ,_,  doctor_NN  ,_,    Shale_NP  said_VVD  .  
      desperate_JJ    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  word_NN  you_PPY  used_VVD  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  tell_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .    
    no_AT1  doubt_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  ,_,    Willant_NP  said_VVD  weakly_RR  .  
    but_CCB  first_RR  I_PPIS1  must_VM  start_VV0  the_AT1  play_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  late_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ    so_RG  many_DA  things_NNS  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO      
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stepped_VVD  back_RP  as_CS  Forster_NP  came_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  .  
  Forster_NP  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  stage-hand's_NN1$  smock_NN  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  shining_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  happier_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  harassed_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  but_CCB  recovered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  to_IO  Willant_NP  :_:  
    no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ellam_NP  yet_RR  ,_,  headmaster_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  really_RR  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  start_VV0  .    
  Willant_NP  took_VVD  off_RP  his_APP$  glasses_NNS  and_CC  rubbed_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  sigh_NN  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Forster_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  just_RR  say_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  words_NNS  first_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  in_RP  impulsively_RR  ,_,  glad_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  .  
  Forster_NP  turned_VVD  to_TO  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  Shale_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    one_MC1  thing_NN  before_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Forster_NP  .  
  the_AT1  character_NN  Laura_NP  Thistledown_NP  .  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  play_VV0  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN    young_JJ  Burnage_NP  .    
  Forster_NP  nodded_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  worried_JJ  .  
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  ,_,    Shale_NP  said_VVD  gently_RR  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  start_VV0  the_AT1  revels_NNS  now_RL  .    
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  our_APP$  seats_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Willant_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  talking_VBG  to_IO  Wylie_NP  moved_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  hands_NNS  for_IO  silence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  shuffling_NN  died_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  his_APP$  piece_NN  without_IO  any_DD  trouble_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  sound_VV0  informal_JJ  and_CC  light-hearted_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  vicar_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  whist_NN  drive_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  certain_JJ  admiration_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  keeping_VBG  going_VBG  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  polite_JJ  applause_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  lights_NNS  went_VVD  out_RP  except_IO  for_II  a_AT1  glow_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  curtain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  blobs_NNS  of_IO  light_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  orchestra's_NN1$  music_NN  stands_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  overture_NN  was_VBDZ  brief_JJ  and_CC  chronic_JJ  .  
  Shale_NP  lit_VVD  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  and_CC  relaxed_VVD  ,_,  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  .  
  the_AT1  curtain_NN  opened_VVD  on_IO  an_AT1  amateurish_JJ  set_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  french_JJ  window_NN  looking_VBG  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  cardboard_NN  garden_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  slow_JJ  getting_VBG  underway_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  actors_NNS  were_VBDR  elocution_NN  conscious_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  went_VVD  down_RP  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  laughter_NN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  expense_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  actors_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  Currie_NP  playing_VBG  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  matron_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  lop-sided_JJ  bosom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  act_NN  lasted_VVD  some_DD  twenty_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  interval_NN  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  reactions_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Teale's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  shining_VBG  happily_RR  .  
  once_RR  she_PPHO1  flashed_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  smile_NN    quite_DA  a_AT1  becoming_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  Wylie_NP  had_VHD  unbent_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stern_JJ  man_NN  reflecting_VBG  that_CS  a_DA  little_DA  nonsense_NN  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  once_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  for_IO  boys_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  someone_PN1  in_IO  a_AT1  loud_JJ  voice_NN  that_DD1  so-and-so_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  so-and-so_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  so_RG  good_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  standards_NNS  were_VBDR  absolute_JJ  .  
  Carter_NP  was_VBDZ  frankly_RR  in_IO  tucks_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN  .  
  Shale_NP  seemed_VVD  half_RR  asleep_JJ  .  
  once_RR  ,_,  during_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  watched_VBN  Miss_NNSB1  Teale_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  had_VHD  mostly_RR  been_VBN  examining_VBG  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curtain_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  beyond_II  ,_,  and_CC  trying_VBG  to_TO  picture_VV0  the_AT1  dust_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  gallery_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  wooden_JJ  platform_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lights_NNS  went_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Willant_NP  come_VV0  back_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  informed_VBN  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  gasp_NN  of_IO  hilarious_JJ  delight_NN  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  character_NN  Laura_NP  Thistledown_NP  had_VHD  made_VBN  her_APP$  first_MD  entrance_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  pert_JJ  and_CC  pretty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  charmer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  playing_VBG  the_AT1  part_NN  wore_VVD  a_AT1  slim_JJ  black_JJ  costume_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  dinky_JJ  hat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wobbled_VVD  slightly_RR  on_IO  four-inch_JB  heels_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  wig_NN  of_IO  blonde_JJ  curls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  wig_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR  missing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  costume_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  also_RR  missing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  at_IO  Shale_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  forward_RR  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  play_NN  intently_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  rise_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  by-play_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  that_CS    Laura_NP  Thistledown_NP    was_VBDZ  vamping_VBG  the_AT1  goofy_JJ  nephew_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  aristocracy_NN    a_AT1  part_NN  played_VBN  with_IO  gusto_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  having_VHG  trouble_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  pencil-line_JB  moustache_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  this_DD1  young_JJ  blood_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  secretary_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  in_IO  an_AT1  anguish_NN  of_IO  embarrassment_NN  :_:  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Laura_NP  !_!  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  exactly_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  girl_NN  .    
  the_AT1  audience_NN  twittered_VVD  with_IO  delight_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  Shale_NP  stiffen_VV0  and_CC  then_RL  relax_VV0  ,_,  very_RG  slowly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  my_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  write_VV0  something_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  programme_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  easy_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  quickly_RR  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  fooling_VBG  about_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  audience_NN  was_VBDZ  making_VBG  happy_JJ  noises_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  with_IO  them_PPHO1  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  Shale_NP  spoke_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    read_VV0  it_PPH1  outside_RP    three_MC  important_JJ  questions_NNS  there_RL  .  
  go_VV0  right_RR  away_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  servant_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Olroyd_NP  .  
  got_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  as_RG  quietly_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  .  
  Ambrose_NP  looked_VVD  annoyed_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  squeezed_VVD  past_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  stop_VV0  to_TO  explain_VV0  .  
  outside_RP  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  read_VVD  the_AT1  programme_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  falling_JJ  light_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  out_RP  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  Shale's_PPIO2  writing_NN  had_VHD  run_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  print_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  finally_RR  got_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  three_MC  questions_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  .  
  just_RR  three_MC  questions_NNS  .  
  put_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  nice_JJ  old_JJ  servant_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  done_VBN  her_APP$  job_NN  well_RR  until_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  sacked_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  would_VM  get_VV0  three_MC  answers_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  three_MC  answers_NNS  because_CS  there_EX  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  three_MC  answers_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  would_VM  make_VV0  sense_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  lit_VVD  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sat_VVD  there_RL  and_CC  smelt_VVD  the_AT1  scents_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  ,_,  and_CC  watched_VVD  the_AT1  branches_NNS  sway_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  breeze_NN  ,_,  and_CC  listened_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  song_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  and_CC  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  clear_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  green_JJ  costume_NN  and_CC  everything_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  starter_NN  and_CC  checked_VVD  my_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  someone_PN1  had_VHD  just_RR  come_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  steps_NNS  hurrying_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  listened_VVD  until_CS  they_PPHS2  crunched_VVD  away_RP  into_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  see_VV0  who_PNQS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  passed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nobody_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  .  
  whoever_PNQS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  must_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  woods_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  lady_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  the_AT1  questions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  them_PPHO1  placidly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mean_VV0  much_DA  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  neither_LE  relieved_JJ  nor_CC  excited_JJ    I_PPIS1  just_RR  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  say_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  dark_JJ  when_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  curlew_NN  .  1_MC1  .  
  follow_VV0  the_AT1  Toff_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  honourable_JJ  Richard_NP  Rollison_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  followed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  last_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  in_IO  many_DA  cities_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  before_II  in_IO  this_DD1  fair_JJ  city_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  by_IO  day_NN  and_CC  by_IO  night_NN  ,_,  on_IO  land_NN  ,_,  on_IO  sea_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  Rollison_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  if_CS  challenged_VBN  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  that_CS  every_AT1  possible_JJ  variation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  theme_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  developed_VBN  ,_,  yet_CF  on_IO  this_DD1  day_NN  in_IO  May_NN1  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  that_CS  such_DA  beauty_NN  had_VHD  followed_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  beauty_NN  was_VBDZ  undoubtedly_RR  English_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  heard_VBN  her_PPHO1  speak_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  that_DD1  curiously_RR  indefinable_JJ  quality_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  more_RG  rightly_RR  air_NN  ,_,  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  supreme_JJ  simplicity_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  black_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  check_NN  suit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  coat_NN  short-waisted_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  skirt_NN  just_RR  long_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  fashion_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  show_VV0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  shapeliness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  those_DD2  long_JJ  ,_,  slim_JJ  legs_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  her_APP$  height_NN    five_MC  feet_NNS  eight_MC  or_CC  nine_MC  he_PPHO1  judged_VVD    or_CC  her_APP$  complexion_NN  ,_,  although_CS  undoubtedly_RR  her_APP$  complexion_NN  had_VHD  something_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  followed_VBN  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  Cafe*?2_&FW  de_&FW  Paris_&FW  ,_,  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  that_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  sat_VVD  long_RR  enough_RGA  one_MC1  would_VM  meet_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Cafe*?2_&FW  de_&FW  Paris_&FW  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  realised_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  interested_JJ  in_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  walked_VBN  past_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  wicker_NN  tables_NNS  and_CC  chairs_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  empty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  glass_NN  screens_NNS  of_IO  winter_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  whisked_VBN  away_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  spring_NN  sunshine_NN  not_XX  only_RR  made_VVD  life_NN  serene_JJ  but_CCB  almost_RR  made_VVD  it_PPH1  possible_JJ  to_TO  forget_VV0  the_AT1  surging_JJ  traffic_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  growl_NN  and_CC  snarl_NN  of_IO  engines_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  bark_NN  and_CC  clatter_NN  of_IO  taxis_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  all-pervading_JJ  stench_NN  of_IO  petrol_NN  fumes_NNS  mingling_VBG  with_IO  even_RR  worse_JJ  from_IO  diesel_NN  oil_NN  .  
  as_CS  Rollison_NP  had_VHD  sat_VBN  over_IO  late_JJ  petit_&FW  de*?2jeuner_&FW  ,_,  wondering_VBG  why_CS the_AT1  French_NP2  who_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  worst_JJT  coffee_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  reputation_NN  for_IO  making_VBG  it_PPH1  so_RG  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  why_CS the_AT1  English_NP2  ,_,  who_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  best_JJT  ,_,  were_VBDR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  worst_JJT  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  had_VHD  walked_VBN  past_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  looked_VBN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  then_RL  walked_VBN  quickly_RR  away_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ;_;  such_DA  grace_NN  and_CC  slenderness_NN  and_CC  beauty_NN  were_VBDR  all_RR  too_RG  rare_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  go_VV0  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  pensive_JJ  because_CS  he_PPHO1  doubted_VVD  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  an_AT1  excuse_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  perhaps_RR  not_XX  even_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  but_CCB  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  turned_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Place_&FW  de_&FW  l'Ope*?2ra_&FW  .  
  that_DD1  in_IO  itself_PPX1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  unusual_JJ  ;_;  people_NNS  often_RR  walked_VVD  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  turned_VVD  back_RP  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  Rollison_NP  pretended_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  no_AT1  notice_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  observed_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  stared_VVD  intently_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  several_DA  times_NNS  .  
  by_IO  then_RL  ,_,  Rollison's_PPIO2  interest_NN  had_VHD  become_VBN  much_RR  stronger_JJ  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  just_RR  how_CS remarkable_JJ  the_AT1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  ,_,  and_CC  remarkable_JJ  women_NNS  could_VM  usually_RR  make_VV0  his_APP$  heart_NN  beat_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  faster_RRR  .  
  for_IO  another_DD1  thing_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  recognised_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  wanted_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  but_CCB  could_VM  not_XX  summon_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  courage_NN    if_CS  courage_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  word_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  make_VV0  it_PPH1  comparatively_RR  hard_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  it_PPH1  easy_JJ  but_IO  for_II  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  .  
  this_DD1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  certainly_RR  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  swindled_VBN  Alice_NP  Day_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  now_RL  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Australia_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  fitted_VVD  Mike's_PPIO2  description_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  T_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  some_DD  time_NN  at_IO  stations_NNS  ,_,  outside_IO  night-clubs_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  tourist_NN  haunts_NNS  ,_,  offering_VBG  money_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  rate_NN  of_IO  exchange_NN  .  
  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  people_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  Rollison_NP  planned_VVD  to_TO  catch_VV0  him_PPHO1  red-handed_JJ  with_IO  forged_JJ  notes_NNS  .  
  now_RL  this_DD1  same_DA  man_NN  was_VBDZ  following_VBG  the_AT1  Englishwoman_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  Rollison_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  try_VV0  to_TO  guess_VV0  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  no_AT1  notice_NN    unless_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  awareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  surveillance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  kept_VVD  her_PPHO1  from_IO  approaching_VBG  Rollison_NP  boldly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mildly_RR  intriguing_JJ  situation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  quite_RR  entertaining_JJ  ;_;  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  amusing_JJ  but_IO  for_II  the_AT1  woman's_NN1$  obvious_JJ  anxiety_NN  .  
  beauty_NN  in_IO  distress_NN  was_VBDZ  never_RR  even_RR  remotely_RR  comic_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  assessing_VBG  the_AT1  situation_NN  as_CS  Rollison_NP  assessed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  would_VM  almost_RR  certainly_RR  have_VH0  found_VBN  an_AT1  excuse_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  might_VM  possibly_RR  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  shoo_VV0  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  off_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  times_NNS  when_CS Rollison_NP    known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  Toff_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  of_IO  seven_MC  continents_NNS  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  criminals_NNS  of_IO  six_MC  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  such_DA  direct_JJ  action_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  two_MC  reasons_NNS  for_IO  being_VBG  intrigued_VBN  :_:  his_APP$  Aunt_NNSB1  Gloria's_PPIO2  two_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  beauty_NN  .  
  at_IO  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  to_IO  eleven_MC  the_AT1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  some_DD  way_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  Boulevard_&FW  des_&FW  Capucines_&FW  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Madeleine_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  every_AT1  motor_NN  car_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  crammed_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  wide_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  of_IO  horse_NN  carriages_NNS  .  
  Rollison_NP  called_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  bill_NN  ,_,  paid_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  allowed_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  swept_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  surge_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  beings_NNS  all_DB  racing_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  pavement_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  roaring_JJ  monsters_NNS  of_IO  iron_NN  and_CC  steel_NN  were_VBDR  unleashed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  whirl_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gendarme's_NN1$  white_JJ  baton_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  trill_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  hidden_JJ  whistle_NN  .  
  once_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  Rollison_NP  watched_VVD  the_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tall_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  see_VV0  and_CC  be_VB0  seen_VBN  without_IO  difficulty_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  spotted_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  discontinued_VVD  a_AT1  tentative_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  which_DDQ  exhibited_VVD  every_AT1  refinement_NN  of_IO  feminine_JJ  foundation_NN  in_IO  black_JJ  ,_,  pink_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  pale_JJ  mauve_JJ  silk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  strolled_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  Madeleine_NP  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  walked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  direction_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  along_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mammoth_NN  pillars_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  arid_JJ  wastes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Place_&FW  de_&FW  la_&FW  Concorde_&FW  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  by_IO  devious_JJ  dangerous_JJ  routes_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  Seine_NP  .  
  now_RL  and_CC  again_RR  Rollison_NP  made_VVD  sure_JJ  that_CS  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  woman_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  at_IO  a_AT1  loose_JJ  end_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Rue_&FW  de_&FW  Rivoli_&FW  and_CC  became_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  thousands_MC2  of_IO  tourists_NNS  promenading_VBG  beneath_IO  the_AT1  arches_NNS  and_CC  seduced_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  million_MC  model_NN  Eiffel_NP  Towers_NPLS  and_CC  a_AT1  thousand_MC  Joan_NP  of_IO  Arcs_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  drew_VVD  closer_RRR  .  
  Rollison_NP  dawdled_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  time_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  speak_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  actually_RR  passed_VVD  within_IO  a_AT1  yard_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  imagined_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  her_PPHO1  breathing_VBG  agitatedly_RR    but_CCB  she_PPHO1  passed_VVD  without_IO  stopping_VBG  .  
  Rollison_NP  continued_VVD  to_TO  study_VV0  a_AT1  window_NN  resplendent_JJ  in_IO  Arab_JJ  leatherwork_NN  and_CC  Moroccan_JJ  silver_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  drew_VVD  nearer_RRR  .  
  this_DD1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  remarkable_JJ  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  task_NN  of_IO  following_VBG  an_AT1  individual_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  even_RR  for_IO  those_DD2  people_NNS  physically_RR  adapted_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  about_RR  five_MC  feet_NNS  two_MC  inches_NNS  high_JJ  .  
  heads_NNS  and_CC  shoulders_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  sizes_NNS  ,_,  chests_NNS  and_CC  bosoms_NNS  of_IO  all_DB  shapes_NNS  ,_,  arms_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  hands_NNS  got_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  doggedly_RR  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  trail_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  remarkable_JJ  in_IO  any_DD  other_DA  way_NN  ;_;  in_IO  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  type_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  easily_RR  get_VV0  lost_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  Rollison_NP  judged_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  French_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  blue-jowled_JJ  and_CC  wore_VVD  a_AT1  slightly_RR  faded_JJ  beret_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  he_PPHO1  chain-smoked_VVD  Skol_NP  cigarettes_NNS  ;_;  only_RR  a_AT1  Frenchman_NN1  could_VM  have_VH0  such_DA  hardihood_NN  and_CC  courage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  pinched_JJ  nose_NN  which_DDQ  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  pushed_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  little_JJ  bloodless_JJ  mouth_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  surprisingly_RR  square_JJ  and_CC  thrusting_JJ  chin_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  well_RR  cut_JJ  brown_JJ  suit_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  beret_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  quite_RR  match_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  suede_NN  shoes_NNS  too_RR  of_IO  dark_JJ  brown_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  shade_NN  darker_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  brown_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  suit_NN  .  
  all_DB  of_IO  this_DD1  Mike_NP  had_VHD  described_VBN  very_RG  well_RR  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  by_RP  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  was_VBDZ  following_VBG  .  
  Rollison_NP  judged_VVD  his_APP$  moment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stepped_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  man's_NN1$  path_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  ridiculous_JJ  contretemps_NN  of_IO  dither_NN  and_CC  dart_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  each_DD1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  fact_NN  Rollison_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  mean_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  way_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  moment_NN  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  collided_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  woman_NN  gasped_VVD  :_:      oo_UH  !_!    as_CS  only_RR  someone_PN1  born_VBN  in_IO  Blackpool_NP  could_VM  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  reeled_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  dazed_VBN  .  
  Rollison_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  dazzling_JJ  smile_NN  and_CC  apologised_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  allowed_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  pass_VV0  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  watched_VBN  by_IO  at_RR  least_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  people_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  darted_VVD  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  inside_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  coat_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  every_AT1  method_NN  school_NN  of_IO  acting_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  approved_VBN  his_APP$  performance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  startled_JJ  ,_,  aghast_JJ  ,_,  appalled_VBN  ,_,  angry_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  vengeful_JJ  .  
  then_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  clearest_JJT  and_CC  loudest_JJT  of_IO  English_NN1  he_PPHO1  called_VVD  :_:  
    stop_VV0  thief_NN  !_!    
  fifty_MC  people_NNS  looked_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  mostly_RR  English_JJ  and_CC  American_JJ  all_DB  open-mouthed_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  ready_JJ  to_TO  fling_VV0  themselves_PPX2  forward_RR  with_IO  great_JJ  courage_NN  ,_,  most_DA  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
    stop_VV0  thief_NN  !_!    cried_VVD  Rollison_NP  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  moved_VVD  with_IO  astonishing_JJ  rapidity_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  hurried_VBN  and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  looked_VVD  round_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Englishwoman_NN1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  staring_VBG  at_IO  those_DD2  massed_JJ  gilt_JJ  models_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Eiffel_NP  Tower_NNL1  ,_,  the_AT1  Notre_NP  Dame_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Joan_NP  of_IO  Arc_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  gilded_JJ  statue_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  original_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  .  
  Rollison_NP  pounced_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  gripped_VVD  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  and_CC  spun_VVD  him_PPHO1  round_RP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  gaped_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  gendarme_NN  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  roadway_NN  trilled_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  whistle_NN  ,_,  swung_VVD  his_APP$  baton_NN  and_CC  charged_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  a_AT1  crowd_NN  collected_VVD  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  people_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  safe_JJ  distance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  sturdy_JJ  Yorkshireman_NN1  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  Rollison's_PPIO2  support_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  reet_JJ  .    the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  demanded_VVD  .  
    did_VDD  he_PPHO1  take_VV0  summat_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  thy_APP$  pocket_NN  .    
    the_AT1  scoundrel_NN  stole_VVD  my_APP$  wallet_NN  ,_,    asserted_VVD  Rollison_NP  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  rested_VVD  a_AT1  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  butt_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  revolver_NN  ,_,  warningly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  machine-gunned_VVD  a_AT1  dozen_MC  questions_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  understand_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  saying_VBG  ,_,    lied_VVD  Rollison_NP  hotly_RR  .  
    this_DD1  man_NN  pretended_VVD  to_TO  collide_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  just_RR  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  stole_VVD  my_APP$  wallet_NN  .    
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_PN1  ,_,    declared_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  in_IO  highly_RR  accented_JJ  English_NN1  .  
    eet_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  big_JJ  lie_NN  .    
  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  demanded_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  French_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  exactly_RR  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
  Rollison_NP  tapped_VVD  his_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  thrust_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  inside_RP  ,_,  drew_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  empty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  declared_VVD  :_:  
    he_PPHO1    stole_VVD    my_APP$    wallet_NN  .    
  that_DD1    ees_VBZ    the_AT1    lie_NN  .    
    m'sieu_&FW  ,_,  je_&FW  demande_&FW  que_&FW  vous_&FW  parlez_&FW  Francais_&FW  .    
    he_PPHO1  stole_VVD      
  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  and_CC  poured_VVD  out_RP  an_AT1  earnest_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  an_AT1  impassioned_JJ  denial_NN    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  touched_VBN  Rollison's_PPIO2  wallet_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  touched_VBN  Rollison_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  law-abiding_JJ  citizen_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  insulted_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1    
    he_PPHO1  stole_VVD  my_APP$  wallet_NN  !_!    roared_VVD  Rollison_NP  .  
    eeeh_UH  ,_,  lad_NN  ,_,  better_RRR  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  in_IO  surprisingly_RR  colloquial_JJ  French_NN1  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  an_AT1  unbelievable_JJ  admixture_NN  of_IO  Yorkshire_NP  accent_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  silenced_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  begin_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  finished_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  held_VVD  his_APP$  baton_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ready_NN  and_CC  spoke_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Solomon_NP  :_:  
    if_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  stole_VVD  your_APP$  wallet_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  have_VH0  it_PPH1  with_IO  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .    
  Rollison_NP  just_RR  saved_VVD  himself_PPX1  from_IO  agreeing_VBG  in_IO  French_NN1  and_CC  asked_VVD  the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  :_:  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  blathering_NN  about_IO  .    
    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  man_NN  stole_VVD  tha_APP$  wallet_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  still_RR  have_VH0  it_PPH1  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    fair_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,    agreed_VVD  Rollison_NP  .  
    so_RR  why_CS not_XX  search_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    you_PPY  look_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0    nothing_PN1  ,_,    declared_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  Frenchman_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  the_AT1  edges_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  coat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  flung_VVD  it_PPH1  open_JJ  at_IO  arms'_NN2  length_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  off_RP  and_CC  fly_VV0  with_IO  these_DD2  homemade_JJ  wings_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  undoubtedly_RR  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  wallet_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  there_RL  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  met_VBN  Rollison_NP  before_II  .  
  the_AT1  gendarme_NN  stared_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  gaped_VVD  and_CC  glanced_VVD  with_IO  earthy_JJ  satisfaction_NN  at_IO  Rollison_NP  .  
  a_AT1  dozen_MC  other_DA  people_NNS  craned_VVD  forward_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  Rollison's_PPIO2  crocodile_NN  leather_NN  wallet_NN  showing_VBG  fully_RR  an_AT1  inch_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  Frenchman's_NNP$  pocket_NN  .  
    eeeh_UH  ,_,  lad_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Yorkshireman_NN1  ,_,    tha_PPY  #d_VM  best_RBT  leave_VV0  talking_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  just_RR  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS thou_PPY  'rt_VBR  staying_VBG  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  talk_VV0  to_IO  copper_NN  for_IO  thee_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  without_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    said_VVD  Rollison_NP  warmly_RR  .  
  concluding_JJ  chapters_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  mystery_NN  novel_NN  .  
  that_DD1  long_JJ  wet_JJ  summer_NN  .  
  by_IO  Joan_NP  Aiken_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  their_APP$  insane_JJ  plan_NN    gloating_VBG  and_CC  triumphant_JJ    trying_VBG  to_TO  force_VV0  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  so_RG  far_RR  :_:  
  Jane_NP  Drummond_NP  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  her_APP$  marriage_NN  together_RR    for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  Caroline_NP  and_CC  Donald_NP  .  
  her_APP$  architect_NN  husband_NN  ,_,  Graham_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  selfish_JJ  and_CC  self-centred_JJ  ,_,  living_VBG  above_IO  his_APP$  income_NN  to_TO    keep_VV0  up_RP  appearances_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  encouraged_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  while_CS  Myfanwy_NP  MacGregor_NP  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  .  
  Myfanwy_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  husband_NN  Tim_NP  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  hold_NN  over_IO  Graham_NP  .  
  living_VBG  near_IO  the_AT1  Drummonds_NP2  was_VBDZ  Tom_NP  Roland_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  \0TV_NN  celebrity_NN  Jane_NP  once_RR  met_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  Graham_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  cultivate_VV0  because_CS  Tom_NP  was_VBDZ  famous_JJ  .  
  Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  driven_VBN  home_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  each_DD1  night_NN  by_IO  Tom_NP  and_CC  their_APP$  friendship_NN  grew_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  suspected_VVD  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  MacGregor_NP    whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  detest_VV0    could_VM  not_XX  read_VV0  or_CC  write_VV0  and_CC  was_VBDZ  horrified_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  found_VVD  an_AT1  anonymous_JJ  letter_NN  in_IO  Caroline's_PPIO2  handwriting_NN  .  
  the_AT1  note_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  Graham_NP  and_CC  read_VVD  :_:  
  your_APP$  wife_NN  is_VBZ  carrying_VBG  on_RP  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roland_NP  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  and_CC  her_APP$  strained_JJ  relationship_NN  with_IO  Graham_NP  ,_,  Jane's_PPIO2  life_NN  became_VVD  unbearable_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pleased_JJ  when_CS her_APP$  old_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  Ellie_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  stay_VV0    but_CCB  surprised_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  Ellie_NP  and_CC  Tom_NP  obviously_RR  knew_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  though_CS  neither_LE  admitted_VVD  this_DD1  .  
  then_RL  Ellie_NP    a_AT1  scatter-brained_JJ  blonde_NN    told_VVD  Jane_NP  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pregnant_JJ  .  
  Jane_NP  promised_VVD  to_TO  help_VV0  all_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM    and_CC  to_TO  adopt_VV0  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  Tim_NP  MacGregor_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  kiss_VV0  Jane_NP    and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  she_PPHO1  mistook_VVD  him_PPHO1  for_IO  Graham_NP  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  in_IO  their_APP$  bedroom_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  Graham_NP  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  must_VM  go_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  terrified_JJ  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  terrified_JJ  .    Graham_NP  answered_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
  Jane_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  who_PNQS  that_DD1  man_NN  is_VBZ  .    
  now_RL  read_VV0  on_RP  :_:  
    no_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  who_PNQS  MacGregor_NP  is_VBZ  ,_,    Jane_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  trembling_VBG  .  
    how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  .  
  who_PNQS  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  cousin_NN  ,_,    Graham_NP  said_VVD  .  
    your_APP$  cousin_NN  .  
  then_RL  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS     
    he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  Tangier_NP  ,_,    Graham_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  who_PNQS suggested_VVD  I_PPIS1  should_VM  go_VV0  out_RP  there_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  factory_NN    a_AT1  makeshift_JJ  hole_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  tin_NN  shed_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  plastic_NN  doorknobs_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  sour_JJ  smile_NN  ,_,  seeing_VBG  Jane's_PPIO2  look_NN  of_IO  incredulity_NN  .  
    but_CCB  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  Tim_NP  's_VBZ  a_AT1  clever_JJ  chap_NN  .  
  doorknobs_NNS  were_VBDR  n't_XX  his_APP$  main_JB  line_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  quite_DA  a_AT1  nice_JJ  sideline_NN  in_IO  penicillin_NN  and_CC  black_JJ  market_NN  machine_NN  oil_NN  .    
  things_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  fall_VV0  into_IO  place_NN  in_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  mind_NN  .  
    and_CC  you_PPY  helped_VVD  him_PPHO1  .    
    only_RR  occasionally_RR  .    
  Graham's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  angry_JJ  ,_,  defensive_JJ  .  
    only_RR  when_CS clients_NNS  were_VBDR  n't_XX  biting_VBG  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  okay_JJ  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .    
  the_AT1  curtain_NN  blew_VVD  in_RP  above_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  head_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  volley_NN  of_IO  rain_NN  spatter_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  window-sill_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  shut_VV0  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  lay_VVD  still_JJ  ,_,  thinking_VBG  of_IO  how_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  met_VBN  Graham_NP  in_IO  Tangier_NP    the_AT1  hot_JJ  sun_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  roofs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  charming_JJ  things_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  like_IO  some_DD  twopence-coloured_JJ  fairy-tale_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  helping_VBG  him_PPHO1  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,    Graham_NP  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  profits_NNS  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  rather_RR  good_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  someone_PN1  had_VHD  used_VBN  a_AT1  batch_NN  of_IO  Tim's_PPIO2  oil_NN  for_IO  making_VBG  salad_NN  cream_NN  or_CC  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  had_VHD  died_VBN  .  
  things_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  tightened_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  lookout_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  followed_VBN  into_IO  Spanish_JJ  Morocco_NP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  fast_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  rendezvous_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  shooting_NN  and_CC  Tim_NP  got_VVD  hit_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  time_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  sure_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  him_PPHO1  behind_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  picked_VBN  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  to_IO  jail_NN  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  quite_DA  a_AT1  short_JJ  sentence_NN  really_RR  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  the_AT1  game_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  worth_IO  the_AT1  risk_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  rather_DA  a_AT1  murky_JJ  business_NN  ,_,    Graham_NP  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  flicker_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  normal_JJ  self-righteousness_NN  .  
    and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  opted_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  decided_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  home_NN1  and_CC  set_VV0  up_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  law-abiding_JJ  citizen_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .    
  Jane_NP  turned_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  willing_VBG  herself_PPX1  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  question_NN  .  
    Graham_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  legacy_NN  from_IO  your_APP$  uncle_NN  in_IO  Scotland_NP      
    well_UH  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  wary_JJ  .  
    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  really_RR  the_AT1  profits_NNS  from_IO  that_DD1    that_DD1  consignment_NN  .    
  his_APP$  silence_NN  said_VVD  yes_UH  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  lie_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  damn_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hardly_RR  knew_VVD  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  very_RG  well_UH  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  a_AT1  thing_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  then_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  injured_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  thought_VVD  the_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  and_CC  so_PN1  you_PPY  did_VDD  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Jane_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  ,_,  uncharacteristically_RR  hard_JJ  perception_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  broke_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  dreary_JJ  job_NN  ;_;  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  Daddy_NNSB1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  something_PN1  you_PPY  had_VHD  n't_XX  got_VBN  that_PNQS you_PPY  needed_VVD  on_IO  your_APP$  climb_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  ladder_NN  .  
  needed_VVD  as_RG  much_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  gardener_NN  ,_,  or_CC  Tom_NP  Roland's_PPIO2  mower_NN  .  
    and_CC  MacGregor_NP    what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  profit_NN  .    Jane_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  Lord's_NNSB2  sake_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  ,_,  must_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  over_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  ancient_JJ  history_NN  now_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  tired_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  enough_DD  to_TO  worry_VV0  about_IO  ;_;  all_DB  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  antagonize_VV0  Tim_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .    
    you_PPY  took_VVD  his_APP$  share_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_DD1  it_PPH1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  else_RR  could_VM  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  .    said_VVD  Graham_NP  sulkily_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  amount_VV0  to_IO  much_DA  ,_,  anyway_RR  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  .  
  naturally_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  well_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  pay_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  bad_JJ  luck_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  .    
    where_CS was_VBDZ  his_APP$  wife_NN  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  prison_NN  .    
    in_IO  Wales_NP  with_IO  her_APP$  family_NN  .    
  Jane_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  feel_VV0  pity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  Tim's_PPIO2  cunning_JJ  sidelong_JJ  look_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  hostile_JJ  air_NN  of_IO  concealed_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  find_VV0  nothing_PN1  but_IO  loathing_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  sell_VV0  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    sell_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  pay_VV0  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  you_PPY  owe_VV0  him_PPHO1  and_CC  move_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  here_RL  .    
    are_VBR  you_PPY  mad_JJ  .    Graham_NP  said_VVD  with_IO  violence_NN  .  
    sell_VV0  this_DD1  place_NN  .  
  just_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  it_PPH1  finished_VBN  .  
  just_RR  when_CS we_PPIS2  're_VBR  making_VBG  some_DD  useful_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  pay_VV0  Tim_NP  off_RP  somehow_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  all_DB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  quiet_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  n't_XX  really_RR  do_VD0  anything_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  confidence_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  sounded_VBN  so_RG  reassuring_JJ  to_IO  Jane_NP  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  how_CS much_DA  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  .  
    but_CCB  Graham_NP      
    stop_VV0  nagging_VBG  ,_,  stop_VV0  nagging_VBG  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  passionate_JJ  irritation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  holding_VBG  her_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  tense_JJ  ,_,  nervous_JJ  grip_NN  .  
  his_APP$  voice_NN  changed_VVD  .  
    just_RR  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   forget_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  .    
  Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  used_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  sudden_JJ  exigencies_NNS  of_IO  Graham's_PPIO2  desire_NN  when_CS the_AT1  world_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  long_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sleeping_VBG  ,_,  one_MC1  arm_NN  flung_VBN  possessively_RR  across_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  awake_JJ  ,_,  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  greying_JJ  sky_NN  ,_,  while_CS  slow_JJ  ,_,  cold_JJ  tears_NNS  trickled_VVD  backwards_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  roots_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  made_VVD  Ellie_NP  stay_VV0  in_IO  bed_NN  until_CS  after_IO  lunch_NN  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  hoping_VBG  an_AT1  affectionate_JJ  smile_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  papers_NNS  would_VM  serve_VV0  as_IO  sufficient_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  sympathy_NN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  gathered_VBN  herself_PPX1  together_RR  .  
  to_TO  listen_VV0  with_IO  constructive_JJ  attention_NN  to_IO  Ellie's_PPIO2  problem_NN  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  manage_VV0  just_RR  yet_RR  .  
  Graham_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  immediately_RR  after_IO  breakfast_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  absent_JJ  all_DB  morning_NN  .  
  when_CS Jane_NP  collected_VVD  Ellie's_PPIO2  tray_NN  after_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  Caroline_NP  went_VVD  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  stayed_VVD  chatting_VBG  to_IO  Ellie_NP  while_CS  she_PPHO1  dressed_VVD  .  
  Ellie_NP  was_VBDZ  devoted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  began_VVD  brushing_VBG  Caroline's_PPIO2  hair_NN  and_CC  tying_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  ribbons_NNS  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  Caroline_NP  and_CC  Donald_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  thankfully_RR  accepted_VVD  ,_,  put_VVD  the_AT1  baby_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  pram_NN  and_CC  saw_VVD  them_PPHO1  off_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  church_NN  ;_;  that_DD1  might_VM  clear_VV0  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  and_CC  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  decision_NN  .  
  Graham_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  just_RR  before_IO  lunch_NN  and_CC  been_VBN  completely_RR  silent_JJ  through_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  walked_VVD  into_IO  their_APP$  bedroom_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  putting_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  hat_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  Ellie_NP  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  by_IO  tonight_NN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  going_VBG  .    
  Jane's_PPIO2  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  firm_JJ  ,_,  light_JJ  ;_;  she_PPHO1  stooped_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  drawer_NN  ,_,  rummaging_VBG  for_IO  gloves_NNS  .  
  Graham_NP  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  loss_NN  before_IO  her_APP$  unexpected_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  angry_JJ  and_CC  irresolute_JJ    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  sorry_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  heel_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  his_APP$  steps_NNS  ,_,  heavy_JJ  and_CC  defeated_VBN  ,_,  dragging_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  something_PN1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  look_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  MacGregor_NP  had_VHD  arrived_VBN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  wheeling_VBG  the_AT1  mower_NN  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lawn_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  had_VHD  installed_VBN  herself_PPX1  on_IO  a_AT1  rug_NN  with_IO  Susan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  active_JJ  force_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  hate_NN  startled_VVD  Jane_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  MacGregor_NP  had_VHD  paused_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  to_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  address_VV0  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
    I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  doing_VBG  you_PPY  an_AT1  injustice_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  coldly_RR  .  
    naturally_RR  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  realized_VBN  that_CS  my_APP$  husband_NN  owed_VVD  you_PPY  money_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  different_JJ  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  now_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  found_VBN  out_RP  it_PPH1  makes_VBZ  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  ever_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  either_LE  of_IO  you_PPY  again_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  full-time_JB  job_NN  and_CC  pay_VV0  you_PPY  back_RP  myself_PPX1  ,_,  if_CS  necessary_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  pester_VV0  Graham_NP  or_CC  send_VV0  any_DD  more_DA  anonymous_JJ  messages_NNS  about_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  go_VV0  straight_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_IO  afternoon_NN  service_NN  now_RL  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  come_VV0  back_RP  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  packed_VBN  up_RP  your_APP$  things_NNS  and_CC  gone_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  on_RP  without_IO  waiting_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  answer_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  four_MC  malevolent_JJ  eyes_NNS  fixed_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  .  
  a_AT1  feeble_JJ  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  shine_VV0  .  
  little_JJ  Susan_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  sand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  ,_,  raised_VVD  an_AT1  indifferent_JJ  ,_,  vacant_JJ  face_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  Jane_NP  shuddered_VVD  ,_,  seeing_VBG  suddenly_RR  a_AT1  resemblance_NN  to_IO  Caroline_NP  .  
  this_DD1  child_NN  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  cousin_NN  !_!  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  ,_,  at_RR  first_RR  hardly_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  service_NN  ,_,  presently_RR  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  calmer_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  office_NN  will_VM  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  on_RP  full_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  hopefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  Ellie_NP  can_VM  be_VB0  persuaded_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  contribute_VV0  all_DB  my_APP$  salary_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  ,_,  Graham_NP  will_VM  surely_RR  agree_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  ignored_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  warning_JJ  voice_NN  that_PNQS said_VVD  :_:  
  leave_VV0  Graham_NP  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  children_NNS  and_CC  get_VV0  away_RP  while_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  ,_,  before_CS  you_PPY  get_VV0  dragged_VBN  in_RP  any_RR  deeper_RRR  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  considered_VVD  asking_VBG  advice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  vicar_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  kind_JJ  old_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  christened_VBN  Donald_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  story_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  hers_PP$  alone_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Graham's_PPIO2  ,_,  MacGregor's_PPIO2  ,_,  even_RR  Ellie's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  repellent_JJ  pair_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  right_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  Graham_NP  owed_VVD  them_PPHO1  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  sanctimonious_JJ  about_IO  how_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  Ellie_NP    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  promised_VBN  to_TO  help_VV0  Ellie_NP  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  run_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  her_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  Tom_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  asked_VBN  Tom's_PPIO2  advice_NN  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  too_RG  late_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  home_NN1  after_IO  the_AT1  service_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  raining_VBG  hard_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  coat_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  hurried_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  street_NN  ,_,  head_NN  bent_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  ,_,  driving_JJ  gusts_NNS  .  
    Ellie_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  called_VVD  ,_,  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  inside_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
    shut_VV0  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  window_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  rain_NN  always_RR  comes_VBZ  in_RP  on_IO  that_DD1  side_NN  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  were_VBDR  Ellie_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  not_XX  back_RP  from_IO  their_APP$  walk_NN  yet_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  soaked_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN    and_CC  stopped_VVD  short_RR  .  
  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  were_VBDR  there_RL  ,_,  Tim_NP  lounging_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  piano_NN  stool_NN  ,_,  Susan_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  MacGregor_NP  upright_JJ  and_CC  expressionless_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  leave_VV0  this_DD1  house_NN  ,_,    Jane_NP  said_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  madam_NN  ,_,    Tim_NP  said_VVD  softly_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  expect_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  leave_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  rain_NN  ,_,  would_VM  you_PPY  .    
  his_APP$  narrow_JJ  black_JJ  eyes_NNS  slid_VVD  past_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  rested_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Jane_NP  again_RR  .  
    Graham_NP  !_!    Jane_NP  called_VVD  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  herself_PPX1  and_CC  the_AT1  MacGregors_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  house_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  empty_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  fear_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  Jane_NP  .  
    Graham_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  called_VVD  again_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  sunbathing_VBG  ,_,    MacGregor_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  smiling_VBG  .  
    very_RG  keen_JJ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  on_IO  getting_VBG  brown_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  tan_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  wonder_VV0  but_CS  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  still_RR  there_RL  .  
  asleep_JJ  maybe_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Jane's_PPIO2  disbelieving_JJ  eyes_NNS  saw_VVD  something_PN1  on_IO  the_AT1  sloping_JJ  lawn_NN    a_AT1  round_JJ  blob_NN    Graham's_PPIO2  head_NN  .  
  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pelting_JJ  rain_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  flung_VVD  open_JJ  the_AT1  french_JJ  windows_NNS  and_CC  ran_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  sodden_JJ  grass_NN  ,_,  calling_VBG  frantically_RR  ,_,  
    Graham_NP  !_!  
  Graham_NP  !_!    whispering_JJ  tongues_NNS  blamed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS Bob_NP  Archer's_PPIO2  wife_NN  Anne_NP  ,_,  disappears_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  police_NNS  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  because_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  guilty_JJ  of_IO  poisoning_VBG  Bob's_PPIO2  mother_NN  .  
  actually_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  being_VBG  held_VBN  prisoner_NN  by_IO  Vera_NP  Corbett_NP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Archer's_PPIO2  ex-maid_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Vera_NP  who_PNQS killed_VVD  Bob's_PPIO2  mother_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  Anne_NP  can_VM  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  Arthur_NP  Hedley_NP  ,_,  Vera's_PPIO2  boy-friend_NN  ,_,  also_RR  knows_VBZ  of_IO  her_APP$  guilt_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  too_RG  deeply_RR  involved_VBN  to_TO  back_VV0  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_IO  Vera_NP  when_CS she_PPHO1  discovers_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  house_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  keeping_VBG  Anne_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  uninhabited_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  believed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  occupied_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  housekeeper_NN  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  are_VBR  guarded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  fierce_JJ  dogs_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  escape_NN  .  
  luckily_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  seldom_RR  comes_VBZ  near_IO  the_AT1  wing_NN  where_CS Vera_NP  is_VBZ  hiding_VBG  Anne_NP  and_CC  has_VHZ  no_AT1  idea_NN  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  there_RL  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  come_VV0  he_PPHO1  leaves_VBZ  behind_RP  a_AT1  local_JJ  paper_NN  .  
  studying_VBG  it_PPH1  casually_RR  Vera_NP  sees_VBZ  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  left_VBN  *+2000_NNU  in_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Archer's_PPIO2  will_NN  .  
    two_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  !_!    she_PPHO1  gasps_VBZ  turning_VBG  to_TO  look_VV0  down_RP  at_IO  Anne_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fortune_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  you_PPY  !_!    
  now_RL  read_VV0  on_RP  .  
  Vera_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  brain_NN  reeling_VBG  .  
  two_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  !_!  
  already_RR  her_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  racing_VBG  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  came_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  there_EX  to_TO  stop_VV0  her_PPHO1  turning_VBG  up_RP  to_TO  claim_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  .  
  the_AT1  police_NNS  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  on_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  especially_RR  now_CS  Anne_NP  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  difficulties_NNS  to_TO  overcome_VV0  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  first_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  problem_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  second_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  Anne_NP  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  how_CS was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  going_VBG  to_TO  explain_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  why_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  and_CC  third_MD  snags_NNS  she_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  aside_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  some_DD  way_NN  round_IO  them_PPHO1  when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  came_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  for_IO  Anne_NP  and_CC  hide_VV0  her_PPHO1  somewhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  some_DD  story_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  unseen_JJ    that_DD1  baffled_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  those_DD2  two_MC  bull_NN  terriers_NNS  were_VBDR  never_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS savage_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  whenever_CS a_AT1  tradesman_NN  called_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  look_VV0  how_CS they_PPHS2  raced_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  snarling_VBG  and_CC  barking_VBG  until_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  away_RP  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  suddenly_RR  Vera_NP  caught_VVD  her_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  answer_NN  !_!  
  next_DA  time_NN  a_AT1  tradesman_NN  came_VVD  !_!  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  for_IO  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quick_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  a_AT1  downstairs_JB  window_NN  the_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  rushed_VVD  round_RP  to_TO  snarl_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  tradesman_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  to_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  embankment_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  might_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  !_!  
  with_IO  sudden_JJ  decision_NN  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  bind_VV0  and_CC  gag_VV0  Anne_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  back_JB  for_IO  you_PPY    later_RRR  .    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  mirthless_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  very_RG  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  safe_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  .    
  in_IO  her_APP$  dull_JJ  ,_,  dazed_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  Anne_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  even_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  struggle_VV0  .  
  without_IO  a_AT1  backward_JJ  glance_NN  ,_,  Vera_NP  tiptoed_VVD  downstairs_RL  to_TO  wait_VV0  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  second_NN  would_VM  count_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  the_AT1  catch_NN  off_IO  one_MC1  window_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  waiting_VBG  impatiently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  hours_NNS  before_CS  her_APP$  chance_NN  came_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  bark_VV0  furiously_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  sound_NN  died_VVD  away_RP  as_CS  they_PPHS2  raced_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  Vera_NP  threw_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  scrambled_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  racing_VBG  blindly_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  fence_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  seconds_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  panting_VBG  ,_,  her_APP$  coat_NN  torn_VBN  and_CC  her_APP$  hands_NNS  bleeding_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tumbled_VVD  to_IO  safety_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  minute_NN  ,_,  getting_VBG  her_APP$  breath_NN  back_RP  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  triumph_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  made_VBN  it_PPH1  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  straightened_VVD  presently_RR  and_CC  dusted_VVD  herself_PPX1  down_RP  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  stumbled_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  embankment_NN  till_CS  she_PPHO1  reached_VVD  a_AT1  point_NN  right_RR  beside_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  Mardsley_NP  road_NN  .  
  there_RL  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  a_AT1  bus_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  right_RR  into_IO  Mardsley_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  later_JJ  than_CS  Vera_NP  had_VHD  realised_VBN    nearly_RR  midday_NN    but_CCB  that_DD1  suited_VVD  her_PPHO1  well_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  before_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  Arthur_NP  Hedley_NP  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  did_VDD  hold_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  questioning_NN  ,_,  Arthur_NP  could_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  about_IO  getting_VBG  Anne_NP  away_RP  from_IO  that_DD1  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bus_NN  dropped_VVD  her_PPHO1  almost_RR  opposite_IO  the_AT1  factory_NN  where_CS Arthur_NP  worked_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  ,_,  just_RR  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  waiting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  doorway_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  trickle_VV0  out_RP  .  
  presently_RR  Arthur_NP  came_VVD  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  .  
    Arthur_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  his_APP$  name_NN  very_RG  quietly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  spun_VVD  round_RP  .  
    Vera_NP  !_!    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  darted_VVD  uneasily_RR  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
    cross_VV0  over_RP  ,_,  quick_RR  !_!    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  come_VV0  now_RL    the_AT1  showdown_NN  between_IO  Anne_NP  Vardon_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  greatest_JJT  enemy_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  Church_NNL1  Walk_NNL1    there_EX  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  anyone_PN1  about_RP  .    
  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  quickly_RR  ,_,  not_XX  speaking_JJ  until_CS  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  deserted_JJ  lane_NN  .  
  then_RL  Arthur_NP  wheeled_VVD  on_IO  her_PPHO1  sharply_RR  .  
    why_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  come_VBN  here_RL  .  
  how_CS did_VDD    .    
    take_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  when_CS I_PPIS1  discovered_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  money_NN  .    
    you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  how_CS .    
    never_RR  mind_VV0  that_DD1  just_RR  now_RL  .  
  just_RR  listen_VV0  carefully_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  where_CS Anne_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  hiding_VBG  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  behind_RP  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  her_PPHO1  away_RP  to_IO  some_DD  other_DA  place_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  .    
    but_CCB  what_DDQ  about_IO  the_AT1  dogs_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  said_VVD      
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  throw_VV0  them_PPHO1  some_DD  poisoned_JJ  meat_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  just_RR  one_MC1  thing_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  alone_JJ  if_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  hold_VV0  me_PPIO1  for_IO  questioning_NN  .    
    the_AT1  police_NNS  !_!    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  fool_NN  ,_,  Arthur_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  sharply_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  claim_VV0  the_AT1  money_NN  without_IO  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  on_IO  my_APP$  way_NN  there_RL  now_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    
    why_CS not_XX  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  coolly_RR  .  
    the_AT1  police_NNS  have_VH0  n't_XX  anything_PN1  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  danger_NN  is_VBZ  if_CS  you_PPY  lose_VV0  your_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  do_VD0  anything_PN1  silly_JJ  .  
  now_RL  off_RP  you_PPY  go_VV0  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  police_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  keep_VV0  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  when_CS you_PPY  finish_VV0  tonight_NN1  .    
  Vera_NP  Corbett_NP  knew_VVD  now_RL  just_RR  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  gloriously_RR  simple_JJ  with_IO  Anne_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  and_CC  unable_JJ  to_TO  contradict_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  her_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  beating_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  faster_RRR  with_IO  nervousness_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  ,_,  Detective-Sergeant_NNSB1  Willis_NP  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  sergeant_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  went_VVD  in_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  idly_RR  round_RP  and_CC  stiffened_VVD  sharply_RR  .  
    you_PPY  !_!    he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  recovered_VVD  himself_PPX1  a_RR  little_RR  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  mind_VV0  stepping_VBG  into_IO  my_APP$  room_NN  .    
  apparently_RR  completely_RR  at_IO  ease_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  close_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  carefully_RR  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    now_RL  then_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  face_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
    where_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  .  
  why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  go_VV0  away_RP  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  address_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  really_RR  had_VHD  stayed_VBN  .  
    but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  why_CS I_PPIS1  went_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  Anne_NP  Archer_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  idea_NN  .    
  the_AT1  detective_NN  frowned_VVD  .  
    her_APP$  idea_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  driving_VBG  at_IO  .    
    she_PPHO1  paid_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  live_VV0  there_RL  under_IO  another_DD1  name_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  why_CS .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  paying_VBG  good_JJ  money_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  ask_VV0  too_RG  many_DA  questions_NNS  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  quarrelled_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  happy_JJ  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  just_RR  went_VVD  like_CS  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  ,_,  and_CC  told_VVD  nobody_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  staggered_VBN  .  
    but_CCB    good_JJ  heavens_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  idea_NN  why_CS she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  do_VD0  a_AT1  thing_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  ask_VV0  many_DA  questions_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  an_AT1  incredible_JJ  story_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  rang_VVD  completely_RR  true_JJ    because_CS  Willis_NP  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  question_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  .  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  never_RR  occurred_VVD  to_IO  you_PPY  that_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  reported_VBN  missing_JJ  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  sharply_RR  .  
    did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  read_VV0  the_AT1  papers_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  one_MC1  for_IO  reading_VBG  newspapers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  ones_CD1S  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  different_JJ  with_IO  local_JJ  ones_CD1S  .    
  he_PPHO1  swore_VVD  softly_RR  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  brought_VVD  you_PPY  back_RP  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    Anne_NP  Archer_NP  stopped_VVD  sending_VBG  me_PPIO1  money_NN  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
    Anne_NP  Archer_NP  stopped_VVD  sending_VBG  you_PPY  money_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS you_PPY  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
  when_CS did_VDD  she_PPHO1  stop_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  shot_VVD  the_AT1  questions_NNS  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    about_RR  a_AT1  week_NN  ago_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  slowly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  all_DB  fitted_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  why_CS come_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  sharply_RR  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  got_VVD  here_RL  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  a_AT1  local_JJ  paper_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  how_CS old_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Archer_NP  had_VHD  died_VBN  and_CC  left_VBN  me_PPIO1  some_DD  money_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  innocently_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  believe_VV0  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  at_RR  first_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  come_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_CS  Anne_NP  Archer_NP  accused_VVD  you_PPY  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  poison_VV0  her_APP$  mother-in-law_NN  .    
    me_PPIO1  .    
  Vera_NP  pretended_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  completely_RR  staggered_VBN  .  
  then_RL  anger_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  dreadful_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  !_!  
  how_CS could_VM  she_PPHO1  !_!  
  what_DDQ  possible_JJ  reason_NN  could_VM  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  the_AT1  money_NN  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Archer_NP  left_VVD  you_PPY  in_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  out_RP  sharply_RR  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  silly_JJ  !_!  
  that_DD1  will_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  made_VBN  until_CS  after_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  away_RP  !_!    
  Willis_NP  fairly_RR  pounced_VVD  on_IO  that_DD1  .  
    how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
    because_CS  I_PPIS1  witnessed_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  wills_NNS  she_PPHO1  ever_RR  made_VVD  ,_,    Vera_NP  said_VVD  simply_RR  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  .    
  her_APP$  face_NN  darkened_VVD  again_RR  .  
    just_RR  wait_VV0  till_CS  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  Anne_NP  Archer_NP  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  can_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  saying_VBG  things_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  !_!    
    Anne_NP  Archer_NP  has_VHZ  disappeared_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    disappeared_VBN  !_!    
  once_RR  again_RR  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  staggered_VBN  .  
    but_CCB  why_CS on_IO  earth_NN      
  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  catching_VBG  her_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  breathed_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  all_DB  fits_VBZ  in_RP  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  sent_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  London_NP  so_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  accuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  of_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  kill_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  lady_NN  !_!  
  then_RL  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  the_AT1  wind_NN  up_RP  and_CC  cleared_VVD  out_RP  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  Willis_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  thinking_VBG  ,_,  too_RR  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  weary_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  go_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  want_VV0  you_PPY  again_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  go_VV0  .    Vera_NP  echoed_VVD  indignantly_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  here_RL  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  free_JJ  will_NN  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  forget_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  should_VM  do_VD0  about_IO  claiming_VBG  the_AT1  money_NN  .    
  briefly_RR  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  must_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  then_RL  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  Vera_NP  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  more_RG  confident_JJ  than_CS  ever_RR  .  
  Willis_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  nothing_PN1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  about_IO  going_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  Bob_NP  Archer_NP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  for_IO  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  home_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  reasoned_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  natural_JJ  thing_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  really_RR  had_VHD  been_VBN  innocent_JJ  .  
  Bob_NP  gasped_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    Vera_NP  !_!  
  where_CS on_IO  earth_NN  have_VH0  you_PPY  come_VBN  from_IO  .    
    I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  about_IO  your_APP$  trouble_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Archer_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  about_IO  your_APP$  mother's_NN1$  death_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  way_NN  your_APP$  wife_NN  has_VHZ  disappeared_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  just_RR  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  how_CS sorry_JJ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  sharply_RR  .  
    but_CCB  where_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  .  
  what_DDQ  made_VVD  you_PPY  come_VV0  back_RP  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  read_VV0  about_IO  my_APP$  mother_NN  leaving_VBG  you_PPY  money_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    not_XX  till_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Mardsley_NP  !_!    
    then_RL  why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  reluctantly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easier_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .    
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  Bob_NP  listened_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  strained_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS she_PPHO1  finished_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  hard_JJ  .  
    these_DD2  are_VBR  very_RG  grave_JJ  accusations_NNS  you_PPY  're_VBR  making_VBG  ,_,  Vera_NP  ,_,  especially_RR  as_CS  my_APP$  wife_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  here_RL  to_TO  defend_VV0  herself_PPX1  !_!    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  care_VV0  !_!    Vera_NP  said_VVD  hotly_RR  .  
    how_CS dare_VM  she_PPHO1  accuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  of_IO  poisoning_VBG  your_APP$  mother_NN  .    
  her_APP$  voice_NN  softened_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Archer_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  hurt_VV0  your_APP$  feelings_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  pursed_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bad_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  your_APP$  mother_NN    the_AT1  things_NNS  she_PPHO1  even_RR  said_VVD  about_IO  you_PPY  behind_IO  your_APP$  back_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  never_RR  believe_VV0      
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  !_!    he_PPHO1  cut_VVD  in_RP  harshly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  care_VV0  !_!    Vera_NP  repeated_VVD  angrily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  Anne_NP  Vardon_NP  better_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  your_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  who_PNQS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  !_!  
  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  her_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  !_!    
  Bob's_PPIO2  jaw_NN  tightened_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  said_VBN  quite_RR  enough_DD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  harshly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  now_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  heel_NN  .  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Humphrey_NP  ap_&FW  Evans_NP  .  
  the_AT1  assessor_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  ,_,  taking_VBG  off_RP  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  very_RG  thick_JJ  rimless_JJ  glasses_NNS  and_CC  wiping_VBG  them_PPHO1  over_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  monogrammed_JJ  handkerchief_NN  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  student_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  any_RR  good_JJ  as_IO  an_AT1  assessor_NN    any_RR  good_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
    without_IO  appearing_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  unhelpful_JJ  or_CC  hard-hearted_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  've_VH0  just_RR  got_VBN  to_TO  cut_VV0  the_AT1  claims_NNS  as_RG  low_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  .    
  he_PPHO1  replaced_VVD  his_APP$  glasses_NNS  ,_,  turning_VBG  them_PPHO1  upside_NN  down_RP  and_CC  swivelling_VBG  the_AT1  earpieces_NNS  round_RP  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  now_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,    and_CC  although_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  rot_NN  talked_VBN  about_IO  a_AT1  sixth_MD  sense_NN  and_CC  all_DB  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  got_VBN  something_PN1  that_PNQS helps_VBZ  me_PPIO1  size_VV0  a_AT1  thing_NN  up_RP  pretty_RR  well_RR  .  
  not_XX  every_AT1  case_NN  who_PNQS comes_VBZ  before_IO  you_PPY  is_VBZ  trying_VBG  it_PPH1  on_RP  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  are_VBR  out_RP  for_IO  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  get_VV0  .  
  and_CC  who_PNQS  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  turning_VBG  round_RP  and_CC  looking_VBG  me_PPIO1  full_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  ,_,  through_IO  his_APP$  upside_NN  down_RP  glasses_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  appeared_VVD  enormous_JJ  when_CS one_MC1  looked_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  like_IO  watery_JJ  amoeba_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  microscope_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  amoebic_JJ  myself_PPX1  ,_,  almost_RR  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  I_PPIS1  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  found_VBN    trying_VBG  it_PPH1  on_RP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  agreed_VVD  hurriedly_RR  .  
    but_CCB  many_DA  of_IO  your_APP$  cases_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  really_RR  deserving_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  bread-winners_NNS  disabled_VBN  with_IO  mouths_NNS  to_TO  feed_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .    
    ah_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  usually_RR  have_VH0  some_DD  confidential_JJ  reports_NNS  beforehand_RR  which_DDQ  give_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  medical_JJ  man_NN  myself_PPX1  though_RR  :_:  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  \0G.P_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  midlands_NNS  before_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  over_RP  whole_JJ  time_NN  as_IO  claims_NNS  assessor_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  medico_NN  when_CS they_PPHS2  come_VV0  up_RP  before_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  some_DD  yarns_NNS  spun_VBN  me_PPIO1  sometimes_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  chuckled_VVD  moistly_RR  ,_,  clouding_VBG  his_APP$  reversible_JJ  glasses_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  removed_VBN  again_RR  for_IO  demisting_NN  .  
    you_PPY  take_VV0  this_DD1  case_NN  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  come_VBN  up_RP  about_IO  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  chap's_NN1$  shoulder_NN    his_APP$  right_JJ  shoulder_NN  ,_,  too_RR    if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  then_RL  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  with_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  or_CC  arm_NN    perhaps_RR  never_RR  again_RR  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  serious_JJ  thing_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  family_NN  man_NN  with_IO  seven_MC  young_JJ  children_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  making_VBG  mistakes_NNS  ,_,  can_VM  I_PPIS1  .  
  his_APP$  employers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  sued_VBN  for_IO  *+10,000_NNU    loss_NN  of_IO  potential_JJ  earnings_NNS  ,_,  inconvenience_NN  ,_,  suffering_NN    all_DB  the_AT1  usual_JJ  claims_NNS  trotted_VBN  out_RP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  easier_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  chap_NN  with_IO  something_PN1  you_PPY  can_VM  actually_RR  see_VV0  that_CS  's_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  these_DD2  fellows_NNS  with_IO    loss_NN  of_IO  concentration_NN    or_CC    intermittent_JJ  headaches_NNS    or_CC    recurrent_JJ  depression_NN    that_PNQS are_VBR  the_AT1  most_RG  difficult_JJ  .  
  how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  prove_VV0    loss_NN  of_IO  concentration_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  prove_VV0  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  could_VM  concentrate_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  problems_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  sort_VV0  out_RP  .  
  headaches_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  same_DA    nothing_PN1  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  or_CC  prove_VV0  either_LE  way_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bad_JJ  headache_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  rotten_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  have_VH0  one_MC1  .    
    what_DDQ  about_IO  the_AT1    recurrent_JJ  depressions_NNS    .    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,    that_DD1  's_VBZ  difficult_JJ  too_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  about_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  face_NN  saying_VBG  how_CS terrible_JJ  everything_PN1  is_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS  's_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  really_RR  feel_VV0  perfectly_RR  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  we_PPIS2  pondered_VVD  this_DD1  situation_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  two_MC  in_IO  silence_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  department_NN  of_IO  insurance_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  sent_VBN  round_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  first-hand_JB  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  assessor_NN  worked_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  was_VBDZ  reckoned_VBN  a_AT1  wizard_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  saved_VVD  the_AT1  firm_NN  tens_MC2  of_IO  thousands_MC2  of_IO  pounds_NNS  a_AT1  year_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  knew_VVD  just_RR  how_CS he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  seeing_VBG  him_PPHO1  in_IO  action_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  about_IO  his_APP$    psychology_NN    angle_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  how_CS this_DD1  would_VM  help_VV0  in_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  cases_NNS  .  
  the_AT1    case_NN    up_RP  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  had_VHD  claimed_VBN  that_CS  because_CS  the_AT1  management_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  allowed_VBN  a_AT1  wide_JJ  enough_RGA  passageway_NN  between_IO  two_MC  machines_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  banged_VBN  against_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  seriously_RR  affecting_VBG  his_APP$  whole_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  he_PPHO1  claimed_VVD  ,_,  only_RR  raise_VV0  his_APP$  right_JJ  arm_NN  to_IO  elbow_NN  level_NN  very_RG  slowly_RR  and_CC  with_IO  great_JJ  difficulty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  higher_RRR  than_IO  his_APP$  elbow_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  been_VBN  off_IO  work_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  arm_NN  had_VHD  not_XX    responded_VBN  to_IO  treatment_NN  ,_,    much_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  surprise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doctors_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  in_IO  fact_NN  got_VBN  gradually_RR  worse_JJ  ,_,  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  man_NN  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  help_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  his_APP$  clothes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  all_DB  manner_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  least_DA  bit_NN  left-handed_JJ  ,_,  naturally_RR  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  evening_NN  work_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  him_PPHO1  :_:  that_DD1  meant_VVD  a_AT1  regular_JJ  allowance_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  insurance_NN  to_TO  compensate_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  need_VV0  some_DD  form_NN  of_IO  electric_JJ  tricycle_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_RP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  small_JJ  garage_NN  built_VBN  to_TO  house_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  injury_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  ,_,  might_VM  easily_RR  spread_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  worry_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  *+10,000_NNU  would_VM  probably_RR  be_VB0  quite_RR  inadequate_JJ  .  
  his_APP$    statement_NN  of_IO  basis_NN  of_IO  claim_NN    ran_VVD  to_IO  three_MC  sides_NNS  of_IO  foolscap_NN    dictated_VBN  by_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  written_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  injury_NN  what_DDQ  prevents_VBZ  my_APP$  writing_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  was_VBDZ  unperturbed_JJ  by_IO  this_DD1  voluminous_JJ  evidence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  man's_NN1$  injuries_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  seem_VV0  quite_RR  right_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  somehow_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  pulling_VBG  off_RP  the_AT1  glasses_NNS  yet_RR  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  irritating_JJ  gesture_NN  :_:  perhaps_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  it_PPH1  deliberately_RR  to_TO  put_VV0  his_APP$  cases_NNS  off_IO  their_APP$  guard_NN  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  their_APP$  minds_NNS  off_IO  themselves_PPX2  and_CC  to_TO  give_VV0  themselves_PPX2  away_RP  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  really_RR  is_VBZ  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  sensitivity_NN  of_IO  some_DD  nerves_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  affected_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  finger_NN  extremities_NNS  even_RR  supposing_VBG  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  no_AT1  bruising_NN  of_IO  tissue_NN  .  
  the_AT1  doctors_NNS  apparently_RR  can_VM  find_VV0  nothing_PN1  actually_RR  wrong_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  maintains_VBZ  he_PPHO1  can_VM  not_XX  raise_VV0  his_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  raised_VBN  up_RP  quickly_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  doctor_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  expecting_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  out_RP  such_DA  a_AT1  scream_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  wretched_JJ  doctor_NN  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  torn_VBN  the_AT1  arm_NN  right_RR  off_RP  !_!  
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  bit_NN  chary_JJ  about_IO  wrenching_VBG  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  .  
    however_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  after_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  time_NN  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  saw_VVD  for_IO  ourselves_PPX2  .  
  come_VV0  along_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  we_PPIS2  walked_VVD  across_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  assessment_NN  office_NN  and_CC  up_RP  into_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley's_PPIO2  room_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  particular_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  just_RR  the_AT1  usual_JJ  desk_NN  (_(  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_RR  course_RR  )_)  ,_,  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  chairs_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  reading_NN  chart_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  bookcase_NN  about_RR  six_MC  feet_NNS  tall_JJ  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  papers_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  oddments_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  attendant_NN  :_:  
    send_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  in_RP  now_RL  ,_,  would_VM  you_PPY  please_UH  .    
  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  passed_VVD  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shuffling_NN  outside_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  linoleum_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton's_PPIO2  left_JJ  hand_NN  pushed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  handle_NN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  right_JJ  arm_NN  was_VBDZ  hanging_VBG  dejectedly_RR  at_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  patently_RR  useless_JJ  and_CC  perhaps_RR  even_RR  causing_VBG  pain_NN  .  
    ah_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  ,_,  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  .    smiled_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  holding_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  limp_JJ  right_JJ  arm_NN  quivered_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  quick_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  flash_NN  the_AT1  sturdy_JJ  remaining_JJ  left_JJ  hand_NN  took_VVD  its_APP$  place_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  brave_JJ  handshake_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  thinking_VBG  your_APP$  case_NN  over_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  down_RP  at_RR  once_RR  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  standing_VBG  without_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  unfortunate_JJ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  come_VBN  across_IO  and_CC  our_APP$  hearts_NNS  go_VV0  out_RP  to_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  family_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  serious_JJ  blow_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  *+15,000_NNU  is_VBZ  the_AT1  least_DA  we_PPIS2  can_VM  reasonably_RR  offer_VV0  in_IO  compensation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  agreeable_JJ  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  authorized_VBN  to_TO  write_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  cheque_NN  this_DD1  very_DA  minute_NN  in_IO  full_JJ  settlement_NN  ,_,  without_IO  ado_NN  .    
  after_IO  rubbing_VBG  his_APP$  glasses_NNS  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  pulled_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  fountain_NN  pen_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  cap_NN  off_RP  and_CC  briskly_RR  prepared_VVD  to_TO  write_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  evidently_RR  could_VM  hardly_RR  believe_VV0  his_APP$  ears_NNS  ,_,  mercifully_RR  unaffected_JJ  by_IO  his_APP$  injury_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  nod_VV0  his_APP$  agreement_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_DD1  would_VM  do_VD0  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  managed_VVD  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS power_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  returned_VVD  .  
    right_RR  then_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  ,_,  pen_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ready_NN  .  
    just_RR  hand_VV0  me_PPIO1  down_RP  my_APP$  cheque_NN  book_NN  from_IO  that_DD1  bookcase_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  it_PPH1  cleared_VBN  up_RP  .    
  alas_UH  for_IO  poor_JJ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  feel_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  sorry_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  bookcase_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  his_APP$  right_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bright_JJ  blue_JJ  cheque_NN  book_NN  was_VBDZ  plainly_RR  visible_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  step_NN  forward_RR  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton's_PPIO2  arm_NN    his_APP$  right_JJ  arm_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  poor_JJ  injured_JJ  right_JJ  arm_NN  upon_IO  whose_PNQV$  failing_JJ  strength_NN  a_AT1  wife_NN  and_CC  many_DA  small_JJ  children_NNS  had_VHD  depended_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  daily_JJ  bread_NN    swung_VVD  up_RP  as_RG  easily_RR  and_CC  quickly_RR  as_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  policeman_NN  on_IO  point_NN  duty_NN  .  
  rapid_JJ  fingers_NNS  closed_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  beckoning_JJ  cheque_NN  book_NN  with_IO  new_JJ  found_JJ  health_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  halfway_RR  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley's_PPIO2  desk_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  awful_JJ  implication_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  action_NN  dawned_VVD  upon_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Alton_NP  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  went_VVD  scarlet_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  drained_VVD  .  
  tiny_JJ  beads_NNS  of_IO  sweat_NN  appeared_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Ridley_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  cap_NN  back_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  unused_JJ  pen_NN  .  
    the_AT1  study_NN  of_IO  human_JJ  nature_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  help_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  profession_NN  .    
  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Nat_NP  Easton_NP  .  
  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  escape_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wind_NN  had_VHD  slapped_VBN  the_AT1  notice_NN  so_RG  hard_RR  and_CC  often_RR  you_PPY  had_VHD  to_TO  lean_VV0  with_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  read_VV0  the_AT1  faded_JJ  letters_NNS  ,_,  unfit_NC2  for_NC2  motorists_NC2  .  
  I_PPIS1  smiled_VVD  ,_,  patting_VBG  the_AT1  weather-roughened_JJ  wood_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  slipped_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  track_NN  onto_IO  the_AT1  moor_NN  ,_,  left_VVD  it_PPH1  behind_IO  the_AT1  V-shaped_JJ  ruin_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  stone_NN  barn_NN    pointing_VBG  back_RP  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  come_VBN  .  
  light_JJ  hearted_JJ  ,_,  sure_JJ  of_IO  myself_PPX1  somehow_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  completely_RR  new_JJ  outfit_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  heather_NN  brow_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  down_IO  its_APP$  tumbling_JJ  slopes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  below_II  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  just_RR  wishing_VBG  and_CC  willing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  taking_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  spread_NN  of_IO  land_NN  and_CC  ocean_NN  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  slithered_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  scoured_JJ  out_RP  track_NN  and_CC  plunged_VVD  downwards_RR  eagerly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  banks_NNS  were_VBDR  high_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  surface_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  forgotten_JJ  river_NN  bed_NN    dry_JJ  ,_,  bread-coloured_JJ  mud_NN  and_CC  stones_NNS  the_AT1  years_NNS  had_VHD  smoothed_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  budged_VBN  .  
  about_IO  halfway_RR  down_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  bare_JJ  ,_,  trodden_JJ  soil_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  gate_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  privet_NN  hedge_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  over_RP  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  pep-talking_VBG  myself_PPX1  ,_,  then_RL  braced_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  the_AT1  bungalow_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  neat_JJ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  transplanted_JJ  suburbia_NN  as_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  could_VM  imagine_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  path_NN  was_VBDZ  concrete_JJ  ,_,  straight_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  railway_NN  line_NN  .  
  on_IO  each_DD1  side_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  shaved_JJ  square_NN  of_IO  lawn_NN  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  blanket_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  round_JJ  bed_NN  of_IO  roses_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  slap_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .  
  each_DD1  lawn_NN  was_VBDZ  overlooked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  bay_NN  window_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  packed_JJ  with_IO  red_JJ  geraniums_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  wire_NN  basket_NN  of_IO  flowers_NNS  hung_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  leaded_JJ  door_NN  panel_NN  shone_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  leather_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  left_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  green_JJ  and_CC  cream_JJ  paintwork_NN  took_VVD  a_AT1  bath_NN  regularly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  poked_VVD  a_AT1  gloved_JJ  finger_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  copper_NN  letter_NN  box_NN  and_CC  raised_VVD  the_AT1  flap_NN  .  
  the_AT1  corridor_NN  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  laid_VBN  with_IO  polished_JJ  orange_JJ  and_CC  brown_JJ  linoleum_NN  ,_,  covered_VBN  down_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  runner_NN  of_IO  plain_JJ  beige_JJ  carpet_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  continuation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hall-stand_NN  held_VVD  one_MC1  umbrella_NN  ,_,  impeccably_RR  furled_VBN  ,_,  one_MC1  horn-handled_JJ  walking-stick_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  raincoat_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  hanger_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  crisp_JJ  trilbies_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  check_NN  cap_NN  .  
  beyond_IO  that_DD1  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  took_VVD  over_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  lowered_VVD  the_AT1  flap_NN  gently_RR  and_CC  side-stepped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  window_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  .  
  squinting_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  geraniums_NNS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  green_JJ  three-piece_JB  suite_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  bureau_NN  ,_,  dining_NN  table_NN  and_CC  chairs_NNS  of_IO  dark_JJ  oak_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  red_JJ  leather_NN  tufty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  modern_JJ  cut-down_JB  pianos_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  empty_JJ  fireplace_NN  was_VBDZ  shielded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  blue_JJ  hydrangea_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  pot_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  painted_VBN  green_JJ  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  tobacco_NN  jar_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  chimney-piece_NN  six_MC  pipes_NNS  hung_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  rack_NN  .  
  the_AT1  seventh_MD  slot_NN  was_VBDZ  vacant_JJ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  letters_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  under_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  glass_NN  paper-weight_NN  .  the_AT1  outline_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  which_DDQ  follows_VBZ  will_VM  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  ,_,  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  to_TO  secure_VV0  a_AT1  withdrawal_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  questions_NNS  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  fails_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  of_RR  course_RR  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  offer_VV0  the_AT1  members_NNS  concerned_VBN  a_AT1  full_JJ  and_CC  free_JJ  opportunity_NN  to_TO  question_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  officers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  conducted_VBN  the_AT1  investigation_NN  ,_,  in_IO  whatever_DDQ  fashion_NN  they_PPHS2  think_VV0  fit_JJ  .  
  their_APP$  suspicions_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  more_RG  ironical_JJ  in_CS  that_CS  Gillian_NP  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  arrested_VBN  yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  ,_,  on_IO  my_APP$  personal_JJ  instructions_NNS  .  
  since_CS  the_AT1  department_NN  of_IO  public_JJ  prosecutions_NNS  regards_VBZ  the_AT1  evidence_NN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  as_CS  insufficient_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  arrest_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  without_IO  a_AT1  warrant_NN  ;_;  and_CC  within_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  Gillian_NP  was_VBDZ  inevitably_RR  once_RR  again_RR  a_AT1  free_JJ  man_NN  .  
  my_APP$  action_NN  did_VDD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  succeed_VV0  in_IO  its_APP$  intended_JJ  purpose_NN  :_:  Gillian_NP  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  had_VHD  planned_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  yesterday_NN1  afternoon_NN  ;_;  as_IO  a_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  that_PNQS occurred_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  office_NN  the_AT1  marriage_NN  will_VM  not_XX  now_RL  take_VV0  place_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  rightly_RR  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  to_TO  discourage_VV0  people_NNS  who_PNQS wish_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  murderers_NNS  .  
  nonetheless_RR  ,_,  when_CS one_MC1  partner_NN  is_VBZ  completely_RR  unsuspicious_JJ  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  said_VBN  on_IO  humane_JJ  grounds_NNS  for_IO  at_RR  least_RR  dropping_VBG  a_AT1  hint_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  simple_JJ  ruse_NN  we_PPIS2  employed_VVD  succeeded_VVD  handsomely_RR  ,_,  thereby_RR  confirming_VBG  the_AT1  theory_NN  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  formed_VBN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  only_DA  possible_JJ  method_NN  by_IO  which_DDQ  this_DD1  perplexing_JJ  murder_NN  can_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  committed_VBN  .  
  Gillian's_PPIO2  arrest_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RR  contrived_VBN  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    allowed_VBN    to_TO  accompany_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  arrival_NN  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  brought_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  office_NN  .  
  also_RR  present_JJ  were_VBDR  Superintendent_NNSB1  Colleano_NP  (_(  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  )_)  ,_,  Detective-Inspector_NNSB1  Pugh_NP  (_(  who_PNQS made_VVD  the_AT1  arrest_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  shorthand_NN  writer_NN  (_(  \0P_NP  \0C_NP  Clements_NP  )_)  .  
  despite_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter's_PPIO2  urgings_NNS  ,_,  Gillian_NP  declined_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  solicitor_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  attitude_NN  was_VBDZ  fatalistic_JJ  throughout_II  and_CC  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  ill_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  need_VM  hardly_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  Gillian's_PPIO2  arrest_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  anything_PN1  other_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  trick_NN  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  confronting_VBG  him_PPHO1  personally_RR  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  use_VV0  our_APP$  previous_JJ  acquaintance_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  pretext_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  quite_RR  untruthfully_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  just_RR  returned_VBN  from_IO  leave_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  for_IO  old_JJ  times'_NN2  sake_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  an_AT1  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  resulted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  deputy_NN  \0A.C.'s_NNSB2  ordering_VBG  his_APP$  arrest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  look_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  in_IO  person_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  queer_JJ  ,_,  apathetic_JJ  state_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  that_CS  he_PPHO1  apparently_RR  swallowed_VVD  this_DD1  preposterous_JJ  tale_NN  without_IO  turning_VBG  a_AT1  hair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  opened_VVD  with_IO  Colleano's_PPIO2  giving_VBG  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  summary_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  .  
  from_IO  our_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  mere_JB  camouflage_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  necessary_JJ  to_TO  repeat_VV0  it_PPH1  here_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  purpose_NN  of_IO  clarifying_VBG  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  subsequently_RR  .  
  approximately_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Harold_NP  Wynter_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  general_JJ  practitioner_NN  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Somerset_NP  town_NN  of_IO  Midcastle_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  tried_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  and_CC  convicted_VBN  of_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  manslaughter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  patient_NN  through_IO  gross_JJ  negligence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evidence_NN  against_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  decisive_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  both_DB2  judge_NN  and_CC  jury_NN  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  influenced_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  doctor_NN  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  morphine_NN  addict_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  adjudged_VBN  guilty_JJ  and_CC  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  imprisonment_NN  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  .  
  at_IO  Nottsville_NP  Prison_NNL1    to_IO  which_DDQ  Gillian_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  year_NN  previously_RR  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  governor_NN    Wynter's_PPIO2  first_MD  few_DA  weeks_NNS  were_VBDR  spent_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  infirmary_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  weaned_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  addiction_NN  before_IO  being_VBG  transferred_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  cells_NNS  .  
  very_RG  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  suffer_VV0  from_IO  attacks_NNS  of_IO  angina_NN  pectoris_NN"  .  
  accordingly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  excused_VBN  from_IO  all_DB  serious_JJ  exertion_NN  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  addition_NN    since_CS  he_PPHO1  proved_VVD  a_AT1  model_JB  prisoner_NN    was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  a_AT1  cell_NN  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  mingled_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  prisoners_NNS  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  occasions_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  took_VVD  light_JJ  exercise_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  Ellen_NP  Wynter_NP  ,_,  wrote_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  regularly_RR  and_CC  seems_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  visited_VBN  him_PPHO1  as_RG  often_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  ;_;  these_DD2  visits_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  restricted_JJ  in_IO  number_NN  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  for_IO  financial_JJ  reasons_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  job_NN  some_DD  considerable_JJ  distance_NN  away_RP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ordinary_JJ  course_NN  of_IO  things_NNS    taking_VBG  into_IO  account_NN  remissions_NNS  for_IO  good_JJ  conduct_NN    Wynter_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  released_VBN  in_IO  October_NN1  of_IO  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  on_IO  April_NN1  23rd_MD  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  cell_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  when_CS luncheon_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  noon_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  contra-indications_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  death_NN  was_VBDZ  ascribed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  angina_NN    for_CS  although_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  suffering_VBG  from_IO  this_DD1  complaint_NN  may_VM  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  does_VBZ  ,_,  live_VV0  on_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  years_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  guarantee_NN  that_CS  any_DD  single_JJ  attack_NN  may_VM  not_XX  finish_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  with_IO  all_DB  prison_NN  deaths_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  inquest_NN  was_VBDZ  held_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  post_NN  mortem_NN"  ,_,  since_CS  none_PN1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  April_NN1  27th_MD  Wynter_NP  was_VBDZ  buried_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  cemetery_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  death_NN  being_VBG  certified_VBN  as_CS  due_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  disease_NN  .  
  there_RL  the_AT1  matter_NN  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  rested_VBN  .  
  three_MC  days_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  received_VVD  here_RL  at_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  an_AT1  anonymous_JJ  letter_NN  which_DDQ  accused_VVD  Gillian_NP  of_IO  having_VHG  poisoned_VBN  Wynter_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  plant_NN  spray_NN  containing_VBG  nicotine_NN  ;_;  Gillian's_PPIO2  motive_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  writer_NN  added_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  infatuation_NN  with_IO  Wynter's_PPIO2  wife_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  ordered_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  accusation_NN  be_VB0  investigated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  proved_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  sufficient_JJ  plausibility_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  justify_VV0  us_PPIO2   in_IO  exhuming_VBG  Wynter's_PPIO2  body_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stomach_NN  was_VBDZ  shown_VBN  to_TO  contain_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  but_CCB  sufficiently_RR  lethal_JJ  quantity_NN  of_IO  nicotine_NN  ;_;  in_IO  consequence_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  a_AT1  full-scale_JB  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  was_VBDZ  at_RR  once_RR  put_VBN  in_IO  hand_NN  .  
  the_AT1  writer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  anonymous_JJ  letter_NN  was_VBDZ  traced_VBN  easily_RR  enough_RGA  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  warder_NN  at_IO  Nottsville_NP  named_VBN  Parker_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS conceived_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  grudge_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  Governor_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS purely_RR  by_IO  chance_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  hear_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  irregular_JJ  association_NN  which_DDQ  did_VDD  in_IO  fact_NN  exist_VV0  between_IO  Gillian_NP  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  nicotine_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  guess_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  this_DD1  type_NN  of_IO  plant_NN  spray_NN  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  occasionally_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Governor's_NNSB2  shrubbery_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  suspiciously_RR  good_JJ  guess_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Superintendent_NNSB1  Colleano_NP  devoted_VVD  plenty_NN  of_IO  time_NN  and_CC  energy_NN  to_IO  investigating_VBG  whether_CS  Parker_NP  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  opportunity_NN  or_CC  motive_NN  for_IO  poisoning_VBG  Wynter_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  established_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  neither_LE  .  
  a_AT1  second_MD  possibility_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  Wynter's_PPIO2  death_NN  had_VHD  some_DD  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  patient_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alleged_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  neglected_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  again_RR  proved_VVD  unlikely_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  impossible_JJ  .  
  to_TO  cut_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  story_NN  short_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  closest_JJT  checking_NN  and_CC  counter-checking_NN  failed_VVD  to_TO  establish_VV0  a_AT1  motive_NN  for_IO  Wynter's_PPIO2  death_NN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN    except_IO  Gillian_NP  .  
  Gillian's_PPIO2  motive_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  undeniably_RR  a_AT1  strong_JJ  one_MC1  :_:  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Wynter_NP  was_VBDZ  devoted_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  extent_NN  that_CS    in_IO  her_APP$  view_NN    he_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  agreed_VBN  to_TO  divorce_VV0  her_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  illness_NN  he_PPHO1  might_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  lived_VBN  for_IO  many_DA  years_NNS  after_IO  his_APP$  release_NN  from_IO  Nottsville_NP  .  
  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  manner_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Gillian_NP  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  became_VVD  acquainted_VBN  ,_,  that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  calls_VBZ  for_IO  no_AT1  detailed_JJ  description_NN  here_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  noting_VBG  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Gillian's_PPIO2  obsession_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  a_AT1  happy_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  husband_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  personal_JJ  charge_NN  ,_,  undergoing_VBG  a_AT1  relatively_RR  savage_JJ  sentence_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  crime_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  may_VM  quite_RR  possibly_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  innocent_JJ  ;_;  moreover_RR  ,_,  Wynter_NP  loved_VVD  his_APP$  wife_NN  ;_;  and_CC  finally_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  incurable_JJ  invalid_NN  .  
  to_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  Gillian's_PPIO2  record_NN  for_IO  probity_NN  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  may_VM  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  horribly_RR  distressing_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  worried_VVD  him_PPHO1  deeply_RR    and_CC  his_APP$  anxiety_NN  was_VBDZ  naturally_RR  compounded_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  official_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  his_APP$  surreptitious_JJ  relationship_NN  with_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  unforgivable_JJ  offence_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  resignation_NN  would_VM  certainly_RR  be_VB0  demanded_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  truth_NN  became_VVD  known_VBN  .  
  as_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  aware_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  resignation_NN  was_VBDZ  tendered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  accepted_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  ago_RR  .  
  since_CS  Gillian_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wealthy_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  right_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  financial_JJ  position_NN  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  affected_VBN  ;_;  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  long_JJ  and_CC  devoted_JJ  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  penal_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wrench_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  considerable_JJ  .  
  was_VBDZ  Gillian's_PPIO2  passion_NN  for_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Wynter_NP  sufficiently_RR  strong_JJ  to_TO  override_VV0  all_DB  these_DD2  considerations_NNS  .  
  unquestionably_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ;_;  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  not_XX  unreasonably_RR  assume_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  strong_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  impel_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  murder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  motive_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  means_NNS  .  
  unfortunately_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  quite_RR  definitely_RR  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  had_VHN  was_VBDZ  opportunity_NN  .  
  the_AT1  medical_JJ  evidence_NN  as_IO  to_II  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  Wynter's_PPIO2  death_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS long_RR  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  regrettably_RR  uncertain_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  definite_JJ  consensus_NN  of_IO  opinion_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  effect_NN  that_CS  Wynter_NP  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  ingested_VBN  the_AT1  poison_NN  earlier_RRR  than_IO  breakfast_NN  time_NN    that_DD1  is_VBZ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  7.30_MC  \0a.m_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  equally_RR  certain_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  nicotine_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  Wynter's_PPIO2  breakfast_NN  ;_;  two_MC  warders_NNS  (_(  perfectly_RR  reputable_JJ  men_NNS  )_)  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  serving_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  moreover_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  ,_,  accompanied_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  occasion_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  \0H.M_NNSB1  Inspectors_NNSB2  of_IO  Prisons_NPLS  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  staying_VBG  in_IO  Nottsville_NP  overnight_RR  ;_;  without_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  in_IO  detail_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  short_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  conspiracy_NN  among_IO  these_DD2  three_MC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  impossible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  poison_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  administered_VBN  in_IO  Wynter's_PPIO2  breakfast_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  not_XX  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  when_CS .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  Wynter_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  chanced_VVD  ,_,  require_VV0  fresh_JJ  materials_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  he_PPHO1  performed_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  cell_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  visit_NN  paid_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  lunch-time_NN    when_CS his_APP$  dead_JJ  body_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  between_IO  7.30_MC  and_CC  noon_NN  Wynter_NP  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  cell_NN  in_IO  E_ZZ1  block_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  in_IO  contact_NN  with_IO  no_PN1  one_PN    neither_LE  with_IO  Gillian_NP  nor_CC  with_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
  these_DD2  circumstances_NNS  would_VM  seem_VV0  to_TO  point_VV0  either_LE  to_IO  suicide_NN  or_CC  to_IO  murder_NN  by_IO  trickery_NN    for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  Wynter_NP  might_VM  previously_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  given_VBN  a_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  nicotine_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  guise_NN  of_IO  medicine_NN  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  consumed_VBN  it_PPH1  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  volition_NN  some_DD  time_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  death_NN  .  
  there_EX  exists_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  an_AT1  insuperable_JJ  objection_NN  to_IO  both_DB2  assumptions_NNS  :_:  before_II  breakfast_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  particular_JJ  morning_NN  a_AT1  snap_NN  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cells_NNS  in_IO  E_ZZ1  block_NN  was_VBDZ  carried_VBN  out_RP  .  
  these_DD2  searches_NNS  are_VBR  routine_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  nevertheless_RR  thorough_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  recent_JJ  suicide_NN  of_IO  Pickering_NP  at_IO  Tawton_NP  Prison_NNL1  ,_,  special_JJ  attention_NN  is_VBZ  currently_RR  being_VBG  paid_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  concealed_JJ  poison_NN  .  
  the_AT1  upshot_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  applies_VBZ  to_IO  Wynter_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  guess_VV0  :_:  no_AT1  pills_NNS  or_CC  powders_NNS  or_CC  capsules_NNS  or_CC  fluids_NNS  were_VBDR  found_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  cell_NN  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  supply_NN  of_IO  trinitrini_NN  tablets_NNS  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  by_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  case_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  angina_NN  attack_NN  .  
  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  search_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  sealed_JJ  container_NN  ;_;  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  irrefutable_JJ  evidence_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  same_DA  container_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  there_RL  ,_,  still_RR  sealed_VBN  and_CC  intact_JJ  ,_,  when_CS Wynter's_PPIO2  body_NN  was_VBDZ  discovered_VBN  (_(  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  noticed_VBN  particularly_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  reason_NN  that_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  Wynter's_PPIO2  death_NN  was_VBDZ  assumed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  result_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  angina_NN  attack_NN  sufficiently_RR  disabling_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  prevented_VBN  him_PPHO1  from_IO  getting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  tablets_NNS  )_)  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  Gillian's_PPIO2  last_DA  direct_JJ  encounter_NN  with_IO  Wynter_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  place_NN  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  before_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  ;_;  and_CC  on_IO  that_DD1  occasion_NN  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  another_DD1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  prison_NN  staff_NN  was_VBDZ  present_JJ    this_DD1  precaution_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  invariable_JJ  in_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  convicts_NNS  that_CS  if_CS  Gillian_NP  had_VHD  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  departed_VBN  from_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  dealings_NNS  with_IO  Wynter_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  fact_NN  must_VM  inevitably_RR  have_VH0  become_VBN  known_VBN  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  how_CS ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  can_VM  Gillian_NP  possibly_RR  have_VH0  committed_VBN  this_DD1  murder_NN  .  
  or_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  suicide_NN  ,_,  how_CS can_VM  Gillian_NP  or_CC  anyone_PN1  else_RR  possibly_RR  have_VH0  supplied_VBN  Wynter_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  means_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  warders_NNS  who_PNQS conducted_VVD  the_AT1  search_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  might_VM  conceivably_RR  have_VH0  conspired_VBN  together_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  Wynter_NP  a_AT1  present_NN  of_IO  poison_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  excellent_JJ  record_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  possibility_NN  which_DDQ  Colleano_NP  felt_VVD  able_JJ  to_TO  accept_VV0  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  another_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  likelier_JJ  ,_,  explanation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  remained_VVD  open_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  such_DA  an_AT1  explanation_NN  did_VDD  exist_VV0  .  
  despite_IO  the_AT1  external_JJ  appearances_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  thriller-writers_NNS  describe_VV0  as_IO  an_AT1    impossible_JJ  murder_NN    or_CC  a_AT1    locked-room_JB  mystery_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  ingenious_JJ  yet_CF  simple_JJ  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  Wynter_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  murdered_VBN  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  deduced_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  facts_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  given_VBN  above_II  .  
  a_AT1  shudder_NN  ,_,  more_RG  mental_JJ  than_CS  physical_JJ  ,_,  ran_VVD  through_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  mind_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  melt_VV0  away_RP  into_IO  emptiness_NN  .  
  his_APP$  bulging_JJ  eyes_NNS  caught_VVD  the_AT1  reclining_JJ  form_NN  of_IO  Heather_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR  repeating_VBG  in_IO  sing-song_NN  :_:  
    .  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  give_VV0  in_RP  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  blankly_RR  ,_,  mouthing_VBG  an_AT1  incoherent_JJ  gabble_NN  of_IO  half_DB  words_NNS  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  crazy_JJ  laugh_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  rolling_JJ  echoes_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  trailed-off_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  long-drawn-out_JJ  unearthly_JJ  wail_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wail_NN  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  despairing_VBG  ;_;  but_CCB  its_APP$  eerie_JJ  note_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  its_APP$  senseless_JJ  gaggling_JJ  babble_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  jubilant_JJ  ,_,  triumphant_JJ  .  
  chapter_NN  7_MC  .  
  happy_JJ  faces_NNS  and_CC  an_AT1  exigency_NN  .  
  returning_VBG  to_IO  some_DD  degree_NN  of_IO  consciousness_NN  ,_,  Steve_NP  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  slumped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  trying_VBG  to_TO  shake_VV0  and_CC  blink_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  mind-deadening_JJ  mists_NNS  of_IO  hypnotic_JJ  trance_NN  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  still_RR  rather_RR  stuporous_JJ  perceptions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  world_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  endless_JJ  cloud_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  floated_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  various_JJ  dark_JJ  ,_,  shapeless_JJ  objects_NNS  went_VVD  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  in_IO  concentric_JJ  orbits_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  rotations_NNS  preceeded_VVD  by_IO  rhythmic_JJ  jerks_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  timed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  painful_JJ  throb_NN  that_PNQS bumped_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slapped_VVD  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  cuffed_VVD  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  then_RL  by_IO  degrees_NNS  the_AT1  rotating_JJ  objects_NNS  slowed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  coming_VBG  into_IO  focus_NN  took_VVD  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  furnishings_NNS  in_IO  Dan_NP  Brown's_PPIO2  living_NN  room_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  up_RP  unsteadily_RR  and_CC  looked_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  gather_VV0  his_APP$  wits_NNS  .  
  outside_RP  the_AT1  dusk_NN  was_VBDZ  settling_VBG  over_IO  Dow's_PPIO2  Lake_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  heights_NNS  beyond_II  were_VBDR  in_IO  silhouette_NN  ,_,  already_RR  a_AT1  solid_JJ  black_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  bumped_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  floor_NN  lamp_NN  and_CC  switched_VVD  it_PPH1  on_RP  .  
  Heather_NP  McNabb_NP  still_RR  lay_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  couch_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  body_NN  uncomfortably_RR  twisted_VBN  and_CC  afflicted_VBN  with_IO  occasional_JJ  spasmodic_JJ  jerks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  for_IO  water_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  Dan_NP  .  
  Dan_NP  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  bench_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  breakfast_NN  nook_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  head_NN  bent_VBN  upright_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  his_APP$  usually_RR  animated_JJ  face_NN  was_VBDZ  expressionless_JJ  and_CC  looked_VVD  flat_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  his_APP$  nose_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  pushed_VBN  back_RP  and_CC  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  cheeks_NNS  brought_VBN  forward_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  mouthed_VVD  a_AT1  low_JJ  mutter_NN  ,_,  punctuated_VBN  at_IO  intervals_NNS  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  syllables_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  crazy_JJ  and_CC  incoherent_JJ  jargon_NN  .  
  as_CS  Steve_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  mouth_NN  suddenly_RR  snapped_VVD  shut_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  jaws_NNS  askew_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  utter_JB  imbecility_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  blank_JJ  face_NN  .  
  presently_RR  the_AT1  muttering_NN  started_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  .  
  stunned_VBN  and_CC  shaken_JJ  ,_,  Steve_NP  drew_VVD  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  water_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Heather_NP  .  
  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  later_RRR  Heather_NP  and_CC  Steve_NP  were_VBDR  still_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  shake-off_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  traces_NNS  of_IO  hypnotic_JJ  after-effects_NNS  .  
  for_IO  several_DA  minutes_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  facing_VBG  each_DD1  other_DA  across_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  table_NN  ,_,  like_IO  two_MC  old_JJ  convalescents_NNS  thoroughly_RR  bored_JJ  with_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  through_IO  forced_JJ  association_NN  .  
  then_RL  something_PN1  like_IO  a_AT1  zest_NN  for_IO  living_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Steve_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  squeezed_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  took_VVD  on_RP  enough_DD  animation_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  a_AT1  wan_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  Dan's_PPIO2  low_JJ  muttering_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  audible_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  and_CC  Steve_NP  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  as_CS  Heather_NP  recovered_VVD  her_APP$  senses_NNS  and_CC  emotions_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  cold_JJ  and_CC  numb_JJ  with_IO  shock_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  Dan_NP  ,_,  or_CC  rather_RR  the_AT1  physical_JJ  relic_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1    the_AT1  empty_JJ  shell_NN  of_IO  flesh_NN  and_CC  bone_NN  ,_,  devoid_JJ  of_IO  intellect_NN  and_CC  personality_NN  .  
  and_CC  these_DD2  had_VHD  been_VBN  his_APP$  great_JJ  qualities_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  attractive_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  base_NN  station_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  before_II  ,_,  discharging_VBG  its_APP$  narrow_JJ  plane_NN  of_IO  ementalating_JJ  energy_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  earth's_NN1$  imaginary_JJ  longitudes_NNS  ,_,  moving_VBG  eastward_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  knife-edged_JJ  twilight_NN  in_IO  reversed_JJ  progression_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Thetan_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  conquest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  empty-minded_JJ  receptiveness_NN  that_PNQS prepared_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  .  
  the_AT1  landingship_NN  followed_VVD  with_IO  its_APP$  longitudinal_JJ  sweeps_NNS  ,_,  an_AT1  invisible_JJ  speck_NN  moving_VBG  at_IO  incredible_JJ  speed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  ionosphere_NN  .  
  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  ,_,  from_IO  pole_NN  to_IO  pole_NN  .  
  beaming_VBG  down_RP  a_AT1  moving_JJ  cone_NN  of_IO  impulses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  .  
  bringing_VBG  reverence_NN  and_CC  servility_NN  to_IO  preconditioned_JJ  humanity_NN  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  Thetan_JJ  impulses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  stage_NN  descended_VVD  on_IO  Dan_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  received_VVD  their_APP$  inspiration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nine-thirty_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  breakfast-nook_NN  bench_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  livingroom_NN  ,_,  where_CS Heather_NP  and_CC  Steve_NP  stood_VVD  aghast_JJ  at_IO  his_APP$  entrance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  ,_,  almost_RR  falling_VBG  forward_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  ungainly_JJ  shuffle_NN  ,_,  neck_NN  thrust_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  arms_NNS  dangling_VBG  loosely_RR  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  abruptly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  himself_PPX1  up_RP  and_CC  walked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  tips_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  toes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  stretched_VVD  his_APP$  arms_NNS  over_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  yawned_VVD  agape_RR  ,_,  drawing-in_VBG  great_JJ  breaths_NNS  that_PNQS became_VVD  great_JJ  sighs_NNS  of_IO  ecstacy_NN  .  
  his_APP$  flat_JJ  moonface_NN  shone_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  undescribable_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  utter_JB  happiness_NN  .  
  seeing_VBG  Heather_NP  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  danced_VVD  her_PPHO1  gleefully_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slapped_VVD  Steve_NP  heartily_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  sat_VVD  down_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  preoccupied_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  groping_VBG  for_IO  an_AT1  elusive_JJ  understanding_NN  of_IO  some_DD  new_JJ  and_CC  wonderful_JJ  phenomenon_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  beamed_VVD  upon_IO  his_APP$  guests_NNS  .  
    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  !_!    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  reverently_RR  ,_,  gripping_VBG  his_APP$  hands_NNS  together_RR  between_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  and_CC  leaning_VBG  forward_RR  .  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  a_AT1  glorious_JJ  thing_NN  !_!  
  long_RR  awaited_JJ  transcendent_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  exalted_JJ  desire_NN  of_IO  all_DB  mankind_NN  through_IO  all_DB  ages_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  is_VBZ  at_IO  hand_NN  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  beaming_JJ  eyes_NNS  upward_RR  and_CC  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  slowly_RR  from_IO  side_NN  to_IO  side_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  of_IO  Lords_NNSB2  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  commend_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,  through_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  thine_PP$  ,_,  to_IO  thy_APP$  command_NN  .  
  for_CS  in_IO  doing_VBG  thy_APP$  command_NN  my_APP$  services_NNS  become_VV0  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ultimate_JJ  fulfilment_NN  .  
  fulfilment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kingdom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mind_NN  on_IO  earth_NN  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  intoned_VBN  this_DD1  awful_JJ  devotion_NN  in_IO  rapt_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  repeating_VBG  the_AT1  faint_JJ  phrasing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  distant_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  and_CC  his_APP$  fervour_NN  grew_VVD  in_IO  stringendo_NN  until_CS  his_APP$  last_DA  words_NNS  were_VBDR  uttered_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  frenzy_NN  of_IO  zeal_NN  and_CC  adoration_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  very_RG  calmly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  inner_JB  peace_NN  and_CC  sure_JJ  purpose_NN  shining_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  go_VV0  to_IO  bed_NN  now_RL  .  
  good_JJ  night_NN  .    
  Steve_NP  drove_VVD  Heather_NP  to_IO  her_APP$  nearby_JB  apartment_NN  and_CC  then_RL  continued_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  sleeping_JJ  city_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  place_NN  in_IO  Rockliffe_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  lighted_JJ  streets_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  passage_NN  controlled_VBN  by_IO  traffic_NN  lights_NNS  that_PNQS blinked_VVD  green_JJ  and_CC  red_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  proper_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  superfluous_JJ  precaution_NN  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  abroad_RR  ;_;  and_CC  no_AT1  pedestrian_NN  to_TO  cross_VV0  his_APP$  path_NN  nor_CC  to_TO  wait_VV0  at_IO  an_AT1  intersection_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  to_TO  change_VV0  .  
  at_IO  his_APP$  apartment_NN  he_PPHO1  garaged_VVD  his_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  then_RL  stood_VVD  listening_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  listening_VBG  in_RR  vain_RR  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  had_VHD  lost_VBN  its_APP$  life-tempo_NN  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  heart_NN  loses_VBZ  its_APP$  beat_NN  in_IO  death_NN  .  
  deadly_JJ  stillness_NN  ,_,  deadly_JJ  portent_NN  !_!  
  Steve_NP  awakened_VVD  early_RR  and_CC  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  radio_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  tuned_VBN  to_IO  \0CBO_NP  .  
  the_AT1  set_NN  lighted-up_VVD  but_CCB  gave_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  low_JJ  buzzing_JJ  sound_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  finished_VBN  shaving_VBG  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  flat_JJ  voice_NN  repeating_VBG  :_:  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  \0BBC_NP  calling_VBG  .  this_DD1  is_VBZ  \0BBC_NP  calling_VBG  .  .    
  after_CS  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  an_AT1  undue_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  repetition_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  voice_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  landing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Thetan_JJ  colony_NN  in_IO  Sussex_NP  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  its_APP$  obscene_JJ  details_NNS  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  radio_NN  went_VVD  dead_JJ  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Steve_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  stomach_NN  for_IO  breakfast_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  day_NN  ,_,  as_CS  firsts-of-June_NN2  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  Steve_NP  got_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  traversed_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  empty_JJ  streets_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  night_NN  before_II  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  appointment_NN  with_IO  Heather_NP  .  
  coming_VBG  around_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Chateau_NNL1  Laurier_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  braked_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  screeching_JJ  stop_NN  .  
  a_AT1  flying_JJ  saucer_NN  was_VBDZ  tilting_VBG  and_CC  dipping_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  memorial_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  deep_JJ  whirring_JJ  sound_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  high-pitched_JJ  hissing_JJ  overtone_NN  that_PNQS sang_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  ears_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  almost_RR  painful_JJ  sharpness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reversed_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  back_RP  on_IO  McKenzie_NP  Avenue_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  Thetans_NP2  must_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  another_DD1  route_NN  to_IO  Heather's_PPIO2  and_CC  saw_VVD  two_MC  more_DA  flying_JJ  saucers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  Heather_NP  was_VBDZ  very_RG  anxious_JJ  to_TO  visit_VV0  Dan_NP  at_RR  once_RR  ;_;  but_CCB  Steve_NP  insisted_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  first_RR  discuss_VV0  their_APP$  situation_NN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  assessed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  decide_VV0  on_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  of_IO  meeting_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
    the_AT1  Thetans_NP2  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    are_VBR  presumably_RR  here_RL  to_TO  take_VV0  charge_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS    who_PNQS are_VBR  probably_RR  falling_VBG  all_RR  over_IO  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  their_APP$  zeal_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  their_APP$  orders_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  carry_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  just_RR  what_DDQ  these_DD2  orders_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  because_IO  of_II  prior_JJ  hypnosis_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  escaped_VBN  Thetan_JJ  subjugation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  no_RR  longer_RRR  have_VH0  any_DD  immunity_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  little_DA  doubt_NN  that_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  Thetans_NP2  discover_VV0  our_APP$  mental_JJ  independence_NN  they_PPHS2  will_VM  promptly_RR  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   their_APP$  hypnotic_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  avoid_VV0  undue_JJ  prominence_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  move_VV0  about_RP  pretty_RR  freely_RR  without_IO  detection_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM    well_UH  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  promote_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  interests_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  those_DD2  interests_NNS  are_VBR  ,_,  beyond_IO  personal_JJ  security_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  a_AT1  clue_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  who_PNQS  knows_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  may_VM  form_VV0  the_AT1  nucleus_NN  around_IO  which_DDQ  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  resistance_NN  movement_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  built_VBN  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  to_TO  summarize_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  our_APP$  course_NN  of_IO  action_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  first_MD  ,_,  to_TO  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  Thetans_NP2  like_IO  the_AT1  plague_NN  ,_,  for_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  us_PPIO2   out_RP  !_!  
  second_RR  ,_,  to_TO  tread_VV0  pretty_RR  warily_RR  among_IO  our_APP$  own_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  finding_VBG  out_RP  just_RR  how_CS much_DA  freedom_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  take_VV0  with_IO  safety_NN  .  
  and_CC  third_RR  ,_,  to_TO  study_VV0  these_DD2  damned_JJ  Thetans_NP2  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  learn_VV0  all_DB  we_PPIS2  can_VM  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  may_VM  uncover_VV0  some_DD  weakness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  find_VV0  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  fighting_VBG  back_RP  at_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  Heather_NP  agreed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  suggested_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  use_VV0  Dan_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  specimen_NN  demonstrating_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  Thetan_JJ  machinations_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  working_VBG  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  occurred_VVD  to_IO  Steve_NP  that_CS  this_DD1  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  entirely_RR  an_AT1  objective_JJ  suggestion_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  part_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  nevertheless_RR  .  
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  proceeded_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  coast_NN  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  street_NN  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  and_CC  deserted_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  neither_LE  sight_NN  nor_CC  sound_NN  of_IO  flying_JJ  saucers_NNS  .  
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  ventured_VVD  forth_RP  and_CC  made_VVD  their_APP$  way_NN  on_IO  foot_NN  to_IO  Dan's_PPIO2  house_NN  .  
  Dan_NP  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  at_IO  their_APP$  ring_NN  but_CCB  neglected_VVD  to_TO  offer_VV0  any_DD  greeting_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  deeply_RR  preoccupied_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  ringing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  doorbell_NN  was_VBDZ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  strange_JJ  phenomenon_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  finally_RR  beckoned_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  enter_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  action_NN  gave_VVD  the_AT1  impression_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  been_VBN  thought_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  decided_VBN  upon_IO  .  
  inside_RP  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  down_RP  unbidden_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  Dan_NP  paced_VVD  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  completely_RR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  their_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  just_RR  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  turning_VBG  their_APP$  heads_NNS  like_IO  tennis_NN  spectators_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  ,_,  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  .  
  his_APP$  whole_JJ  attitude_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mixture_NN  of_IO  impatience_NN  pending_IO  an_AT1  awaited_JJ  communication_NN  and_CC  of_IO  a_AT1  vague_JJ  perplexity_NN  respecting_IO  his_APP$  surroundings_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  purpose_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  serve_VV0  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  being_VBG  so_RG  obviously_RR  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  Heather_NP  and_CC  Steve_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  themselves_PPX2  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  Steve_NP  switched_VVD  on_RP  Dan's_PPIO2  powerful_JJ  ,_,  world-wide_JJ  radio_NN  and_CC  systematically_RR  turned_VVD  the_AT1  tuning_NN  knob_NN  through_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  tuning_NN  points_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  great_JJ  radio_NN  stations_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  dials_NNS  lighted_VVD  up_RP  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  variety_NN  of_IO  squeaks_NNS  and_CC  whistles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ether_NN  waves_NNS  were_VBDR  without_IO  human_JJ  voice_NN  or_CC  sound_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  dead_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  overhead_RR  a_AT1  flying_JJ  saucer_NN  whirred_VVD  and_CC  ,_,  pitched_VBN  high_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  whir_NN  ,_,  whined_VVD  its_APP$  pungent_JJ  song_NN  .  
  Dan_NP  stopped_VVD  his_APP$  pacing_NN  and_CC  became_VVD  profoundly_RR  attentive_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  listening_VBG  to_IO  unspoken_JJ  orders_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  could_VM  almost_RR  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  say_VV0  ,_,    yes_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  !_!    ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  eager_JJ  acceptance_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  beamed_VVD  on_IO  Steve_NP  and_CC  Heather_NP  in_IO  turn_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  ineffable_JJ  happiness_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  flat_JJ  face_NN  .  
  quickly_RR  taking_VBG  his_APP$  coat_NN  and_CC  hat_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  vestibule_NN  closet_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  bus_NN  stop_NN  on_IO  Carling_NP  Avenue_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  bus_NN  stop_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  deserted_JJ  island_NN  on_IO  an_AT1  empty_JJ  street_NN  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  for_IO  long_RR  ,_,  for_CS  soon_RR  pedestrians_NNS  and_CC  cars_NNS  flocked_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  Avenue_NNL1  from_IO  its_APP$  many_DA  tributary_JJ  streets_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  normal_JJ  business-day_JB  bustle_NN  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  two_MC  anomalies_NNS  .  
  first_MD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Sunday_NN1  morning_NN  ;_;  and_CC  ,_,  second_RR  ,_,  everyone_PN1  walked_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  drove_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  waited_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  person_NN  possessed_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  all-exclusive_JJ  purpose_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  pleasantries_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  shouted_JJ  greetings_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  friendly_JJ  waves_NNS  of_IO  recognition_NN  .  
  everyone_PN1  minded_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  business_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  vengeance_NN  .  
  yet_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  grim_JJ  or_CC  surly_JJ  face_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  anywhere_RR  that_CS  Heather_NP  and_CC  Steve_NP  might_VM  look_VV0  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  reflections_NNS  of_IO  Dan_NP  Brown's_PPIO2  indescribably_RR  happy_JJ  face_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  wait_NN  a_AT1  bus_NN  appeared_VVD  and_CC  they_PPHS2  followed_VVD  the_AT1  beaming_JJ  Dan_NP  aboard_RP  ,_,  taking_VBG  seats_NNS  some_DD  rows_NNS  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Steve_NP  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  stereotyped_JJ  ,_,  flattish_JJ  ,_,  happy_JJ  faces_NNS  very_RG  disconcerting_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  looking_VBG  at_IO  Heather_NP  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  a_AT1  welcome_JJ  relief_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  relatively_RR  long_JJ  doleful_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  in_IO  \0W.C.U_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  evil_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  system_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  avoided_VBN  like_IO  the_AT1  plague_NN  in_IO  public_JJ  debate_NN  .  
  mutually-sustaining_JJ  opposites_NNS  .  .  
  Realtor's_PPIO2  measure_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  lost_VBN  anyway_RR  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  Mocrats_NP2  were_VBDR  in_IO  a_AT1  minority_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  pressed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  vote_NN  ;_;  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  relief_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Senate_NP  to_TO  turn_VV0  from_IO  these_DD2  remote_JJ  and_CC  academic_JJ  matters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  item_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  agenda_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  practical_JJ  fug_NN  measure_NN  to_TO    spyproof_VV0  the_AT1  membrane_NN  and_CC  expand_VV0  .    
  Harry_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  this_DD1  meant_VVD  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  Casino_NNL1  Ronde_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  the_AT1  Cherokee_NP  Indian_NN1  feeling_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  slip_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  canteen_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  coffee_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  happening_VBG  aloft_RR  .    drawled_VVD  a_AT1  journalist_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  elbows_NNS  sprawling_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  canteen_NN  table_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  pencil_NN  doodling_VBG  among_IO  his_APP$  shorthand_NN  notes_NNS  .  
    this_DD1  motion_NN  to_TO  spy-proof_VV0  the_AT1  membrane_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  it_PPH1  mean_VV0  .    
    have_VH0  n't_XX  you_PPY  heard_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  fugs_NNS  ,_,  especially_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  scared_VBN  by_IO  reports_NNS  that_CS  \0W.C.U_NP  spies_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  shot_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  membrane_NN  in_IO  capsules_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  could_VM  guide_VV0  missiles_NNS  onto_IO  back-face_JB  targets_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  now_RL  safe_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  found_VBN  little_JJ  capsules_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  big_JJ      he_PPHO1  brandished_VVD  a_AT1  teaspoon_NN      with_IO  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  tiny_JJ  little_JJ  red_JJ  men_NNS  inside_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  a_AT1  bit_NN  far-fetched_JJ  .    said_VVD  Harry_NP  ,_,  recalling_VBG  what_DDQ  Lilipendi_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  Mos_NP2  being_VBG  as_RG  credulous_JJ  as_IO  Africans_NP2  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  the_AT1  capsules_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  red_JJ  midgets_NNS  inside_JB  them_PPHO1  come_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  Moke's_PPIO2  toy_NN  factories_NNS  .    
    Moke_NP    Moke_NP  Blenkinsop_NP  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    
    would_VM  n't_XX  it_PPH1  make_VV0  sense_NN  .  
  traditionally_RR  second_MD  coming_NN  is_VBZ  associated_VBN  with_IO  Daggitt's_PPIO2  ,_,  the_AT1  membrane_NN  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  has_VHZ  put_VBN  more_DA  money_NN  into_IO  it_PPH1  lately_RR  .  
  coincidence_NN  .  
  if_CS  spy-proofing_NN  becomes_VBZ  statutory_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  'll_VM  mean_VV0  a_AT1  complete_JJ  360_MC  degree_NN  new_JJ  trap_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  membrane_NN  .  
    will_VM  it_PPH1  become_VV0  statutory_JJ  .    
    Realtor_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  Mocrats_NP2  will_VM  be_VB0  against_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  Moke_NP  licked_VVD  them_PPHO1  even_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  power_NN  ,_,  though_CS  only_RR  just_RR  .  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  Mike_NP  Renshaw_NP  a_AT1  match_NN  for_IO  Moke_NP  .    
  though_CS  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  anti-presidentials_NNS  ,_,  Renshaw_NP  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  left_JJ  of_IO  centre_NN  ,_,  so_CS  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  uncritical_JJ  of_IO  big_JJ  business_NN  .  
    Renshaw's_PPIO2  ulcers_NNS  are_VBR  bad_JJ  this_DD1  month_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  away_RP  resting_VBG  and_CC  playing_VBG  clock-golf_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  next_DA  week_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  Bowery_NP  President_NNSB1  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  over_RP  and_CC  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO      a_AT1  sly_JJ  reference_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  break_NN  in_IO  Mo-American_JJ  affairs_NNS  occasioned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Panama_NP  affair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Mos_NP2  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  Marjoribanks_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  had_VHD  just_RR  agreed_VBN  to_TO  receive_VV0  his_APP$  successor_NN  ,_,  President_NNSB1  Scribner_NP  .  
    so_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS Moke_NP  gets_VBZ  the_AT1  right-wing_JB  \0A.P.'s_NP2  to_TO  bring_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  spy-proofing_NN  now_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  saying_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,    but_CCB  the_AT1  journalist_NN  winked_VVD  knowingly_RR  ,_,  though_CS  probably_RR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  any_RG  more_RRR  than_IO  Harry_NP  whether_CS  real_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  than_IO  prejudice_NN  ,_,  or_CC  possibly_RR  just_RR  the_AT1  policy_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  paper_NN  ,_,  lay_VVD  behind_IO  that_DD1  wink_NN  .  
  and_CC  not_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  or_CC  last_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  American_NN1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  Moon_NP  as_IO  an_AT1  outsize_JB  social_JJ  organism_NN  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  still_RR  primitive_JJ  in_CS  that_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  not_XX  yet_RR  grown_VBN  sufficient_JJ  nervous_JJ  system_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  internal_JJ  motions_NNS  ,_,  far_RR  less_DA  of_IO  their_APP$  outward_JB  repercussions_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  this_DD1  place_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  really_RR  a_AT1  political_JJ  centre_NN  if_CS  financier_NN  Moke_NP  secretly_RR  inspires_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  thinking_VBG  of_IO  those_DD2  stories_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  read_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  saying_VBG  so_PN1  .    
    but_CCB  why_CS should_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  have_VH0  n't_XX  you_PPY  free_JJ  speech_NN  on_IO  Moon_NP  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  free_JJ  speech_NN  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  smash_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS says_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  !_!    .  
  20_MC  .  
  but_CCB  during_IO  these_DD2  real_JJ  days_NNS  in_IO  Aristotle_NP  Harry_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  merely_RR  dabbling_VBG  in_IO  mighty_JJ  Mo_NP  matters_NNS  perhaps_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  understanding_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  sub_NN  outsider_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  carrying_VBG  out_RP  his_APP$  commitments_NNS  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Halliday_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Uncle_NNSB1  Sam_NP  ,_,  by_IO  revising_VBG  his_APP$  stories_NNS  .  
  energy_NN  had_VHD  returned_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  Sun_NP  .  
  also_RR  the_AT1  economic_JJ  equilibrium_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  in_IO  Plato_NP  ,_,  before_IO  the_AT1  interruption_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  nights_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  determined_VVD  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  series_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  here_RL  in_IO  Aristotle_NP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  pace_NN  was_VBDZ  less_DA  than_CS  in_IO  Plato_NP  ,_,  almost_RR  reminding_VBG  him_PPHO1  of_IO  sleepy_JJ  sub_NN  towns_NNS  like_IO  Philadelphia_NP  and_CC  Chicago_NP  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Plato_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  final_JJ  spell_NN  of_IO  real_JJ  days_NNS  and_CC  would_VM  return_VV0  to_IO  New_NP  York_NP  in_IO  late_JJ  January_NN1  or_CC  early_JJ  February_NN1  .  
  Angelina_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  sorry_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  back_RP  for_IO  Christmas_NP  as_CS  arranged_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  consoled_VVD  himself_PPX1  by_IO  thinking_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Angelina_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  plenty_NN  of_IO  time_NN  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  and_CC  heaven_NN  alone_RR  knew_VVD  when_CS ,_,  if_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  on_IO  Moon_NP  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  able_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  research_NN  at_IO  first_MD  hand_NN  into_IO  matters_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  future_NN  of_IO  everyone_PN1  ,_,  including_IO  Angelina_NP  ,_,  depended_VVD  .  .  
  the_AT1  recovery_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  balance_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  living_VBG  ,_,  virtually_RR  without_IO  expenses_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  Moke_NP  had_VHD  sent_VBN  him_PPHO1  :_:  little_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS regarded_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  lucky_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  descended_VBN  from_IO  such_DA  economic_JJ  altitudes_NNS  .  
  Tom_NP  Dreyfus_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  job_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  machines_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  secretariat_NN  (_(  stamp_NN  department_NN  )_)  while_CS  Sally_NP  sulked_VVD  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  married_VBN  for_IO  six_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  salary_NN  raise_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  expectation_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  so_PN1  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX  materialised_VBN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  send_VV0  back_RP  our_APP$  bedroom_NN  furniture_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  year_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  moaned_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  contacts_NNS  in_IO  political_JJ  circles_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  schoolfriend_NN  of_IO  hers_PP$  having_VHG  married_VBN  Lester_NP  Peron_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  Mocrat_NP  Senator_NNSB1  with_IO  a_AT1  seat_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  (_(  literally_RR  )_)  all-powerful_JJ  rocket_NN  release_NN  board_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  Harry_NP  around_RP  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  never_RR  her_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fact_NN  he_PPHO1  accepted_VVD  as_CS  inevitable_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  Sally_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  mistake_NN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  one_MC1  evening_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  to_TO  cook_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  meal_NN  .  
  all_DB  Sally's_PPIO2  relations_NNS  were_VBDR  makrodeb_NN  now_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  Tom_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  static_JJ  Mib_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  middle-income-bracket_JB  equivalent_NN  to_IO  sub-lil_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  economic_JJ  shock_NN  had_VHD  unmanned_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Harry_NP  ,_,  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  host_NN  busy_JJ  among_IO  soft_JJ  foods_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  ,_,  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  poor_JJ  fellow_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  understandably_RR  ,_,  changing_VBG  sex_NN  .  
  so_RR  a_AT1  happy_JJ  week_NN  passed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lunar_JJ  noon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  dark_JJ  earth_NN  was_VBDZ  fringed_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1    wedding_NN  ring_NN  effect_NN    ,_,  when_CS eventually_RR  Sally_NP  Dreyfus_NP  took_VVD  Harry_NP  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  Lester_NP  Perons_NP2  .  
  all_DB  Aristotle_NP  was_VBDZ  excited_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  not_XX  by_IO  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0U.S_NP  President's_NNSB2  visit_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  by_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  storm_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  photosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  a_AT1  matter_NN  which_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  would_VM  hardly_RR  penetrate_VV0  beyond_IO  the_AT1  minds_NNS  of_IO  astronomers_NNS  was_VBDZ  of_IO  general_JJ  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Mos_NP2  ,_,  doubtless_RR  because_CS  their_APP$  habitat_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  submerged_VBN  beneath_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  natural_JJ  atmosphere_NN  .  
  one_MC1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  this_DD1  greater_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  cosmos_NN  might_VM  with_IO  time_NN  instil_VV0  the_AT1  reverence_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  on_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  nature_NN  inspires_VBZ  ,_,  especially_RR  when_CS one_MC1  reflected_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  rockets_NNS  over_IO  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Peron's_PPIO2  board_NN  presided_VVD  had_VHD  it_PPH1  in_IO  their_APP$  power_NN  permanently_RR  to_TO  warp_VV0  the_AT1  solar_JJ  system_NN  .  
  true_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  such_DA  ultimate_JJ  weapons_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  used_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  few_DA  wars_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  very_RG  probable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  one_MC1  ,_,  Moon_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  allies_NNS  being_VBG  more_RG  inferior_JJ  than_CS  formerly_RR  to_IO  \0W.C.U_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  weapons_NNS  pronounced_VBN  conventional_JJ  .  
  Lester_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  home_NN1  yet_RR  from_IO  his_APP$  formidable_JJ  duties_NNS  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  middle-brow_JB  wives_NNS  ,_,  romanced_VVD  about_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  .  
    Lester_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  country_NN  lawyer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  very_RG  small_JJ  microdebs_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  ,_,  Sally_NP      here_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  dropped_VBN  her_APP$  voice_NN  in_IO  homage_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  economic_JJ  system_NN  :_:  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  reverenced_VBN      when_CS he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  might_VM  get_VV0  go_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  better_RRR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  politics_NN  .  
  know_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  clever_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  mouth-organ_NN  .  
  so_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  visited_VVD  some_DD  craterlet_NN  on_IO  Face_NP  (_(  ours_PP$  is_VBZ  an_AT1  agricultural_JJ  back-face_JB  area_NN  )_)  the_AT1  cry_NN  would_VM  go_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  spoken_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  sentences_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  speech_NN  :_:  
    cut_VV0  the_AT1  politics_NN  ,_,  Lester_NP  ,_,  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   something_PN1  on_IO  your_APP$  mouth-organ_NN  .    
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  how_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  the_AT1  votes_NNS  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  how_CS we_PPIS2  came_VVD  through_RP  to_IO  makrodeb_NN  status_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  all_DB  these_DD2  lovely_JJ  things_NNS      she_PPHO1  waved_VVD  a_AT1  plump_JJ  hand_NN  towards_IO  her_APP$  grand_JJ  pianos_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  :_:  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  a_AT1  door_NN  banged_VVD      but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  Lester_NP  wants_VBZ  his_APP$  mouth-organ_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  forgotten_VBN  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  has_VHZ  come_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  taken_VBN  seriously_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  statesman_NN  .    
  Peron_NP  entered_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  handsome_JJ  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  now_RL  seedy-looking_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  sufferer_NN  from_IO  stomach-ulcers_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  back-face_JB  tradition_NN  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  kept_VVD  on_RP  indoors_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  fifty_MC  gallon_NN  hat_NN  .  
  Harry_NP  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  for_IO  something_PN1  unpleasant_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  Senator_NNSB1  who_PNQS had_VHD  annoyed_VBN  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  by_IO  bragging_VBG  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  won_VBN  a_AT1  trick_NN  from_IO  \0W.C.U_NP  by_IO  threatening_VBG  to_TO  loose_VV0  off_RP  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  rockets_NNS  (_(  an_AT1  admission_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  scarcely_RR  help_VV0  bluff_NN  to_TO  succeed_VV0  the_AT1  next_DA  time_NN  )_)  and_CC  ,_,  lately_RR  ,_,  by_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  if_CS  Mo_NP  land-troops_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0O.G.O_NP  contingent_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Panama_NP  region_NN  ,_,    no_AT1  Mo_NP  dough-boy_NN  will_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  American_JJ  \0G.I_NP  fighting_VBG  alongside_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  but_CCB  privately_RR  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  friendly_JJ  as_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Wise_NP  the_AT1  tube_NN  manufacturer_NN  ,_,  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  same_DA  adolescent_JJ  openness_NN  and_CC  freshness_NN  ,_,  though_CS  perhaps_RR  not_XX  the_AT1  same_DA  maturity_NN  .  
  one_MC1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  by_IO  training_NN  ,_,  and_CC  suspected_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  points_NNS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  so_RG  sharply_RR  in_IO  international_JJ  politics_NN  were_VBDR  as_RG  abstract_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  as_IO  those_DD2  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  makes_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  of_IO  law_NN  .  
  the_AT1  motive_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  in_IO  both_DB2  cases_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  serve_VV0  this_DD1  home_NN1  of_IO  his_APP$  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  heart_NN  lay_VVD  .  
  here_RL  the_AT1  rocket_NN  man's_NN1$  charm_NN  was_VBDZ  disarming_VBG  .  
  yet_RR  when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  ,_,  Harry_NP  felt_VVD  as_RG  depressed_JJ  as_CS  when_CS he_PPHO1  left_VVD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Halliday's_PPIO2  office_NN  ,_,  exactly_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  .  
  if_CS  even_RR  Mo_NP  statesmen_NNS  only_RR  did_VDD  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  to_TO  get_VV0  go_VV0  on_IO  an_AT1  expanding_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  sum-total_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  actions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  lunar_JJ  and_CC  earthly_JJ  repercussions_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  luck_NN  (_(  or_CC  to_IO  Moke_NP  )_)  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  vacuum_NN  where_CS there_EX  should_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  trust_NN  ,_,  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  maintenance_NN  and_CC  expansion_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  society_NN  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  Aristotle_NP  looked_VVD  more_RRR  and_CC  more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  masquerade_NN  of_IO  business_NN  interests_NNS  in_IO  disguise_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  attracting_VBG  the_AT1  allegiance_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  men_NNS  everywhere_RR  ,_,  could_VM  only_RR  repel_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  what_DDQ  of_IO  the_AT1  cultural_JJ  life_NN  .  
  did_VDD  this_DD1  perhaps_RR  nurture_VV0  a_AT1  genuinely_RR  civilizing_JJ  impulse_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  in_IO  time_NN  become_VV0  social_JJ  fact_NN  and_CC  counteract_VV0  the_AT1  obsession_NN  with_IO  economics_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  grown_VBN  up_RP  during_IO  the_AT1  Moon's_PPIO2  first_MD  two_MC  centuries_NNS  .  
  Harry_NP  borrowed_VVD  Sally_NP  Dreyfus'_PPIO2  car_NN  and_CC  drove_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  Eudoxus_NP  University_NNL1  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  famous_JJ  rodeos_NNS  which_DDQ  take_VV0  place_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  advent_NN  term_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  more_DA  of_IO  those_DD2  Mo_NP    traditions_NNS    which_DDQ  look_VV0  so_RG  suspect_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  visitor_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  gas_NN  and_CC  harsh_JJ  sunshine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  December_NN1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  last_DA  year_NN  students_NNS  revolved_VVD  in_IO  interlocking_JJ  circles_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  vast_JJ  ,_,  round_JJ  campus_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  each_DD1  circle_NN  stood_VVD  personnel_NNS  managers_NNS  of_IO  corporations_NNS  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  professors_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  filing_JJ  clerks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  students_NNS  had_VHD  bought_VBN  their_APP$  college_NN  education_NN  forward_RR  and_CC  were_VBDR  now_RL  being_VBG  bought_VBN  forward_RR  in_IO  their_APP$  turn_NN  .  
  by_IO  comparing_VBG  personal_JJ  appearances_NNS  with_IO  university_NN  records_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  agents_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  businesses_NNS  would_VM  pick_VV0  on_IO  young_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  who_PNQS interested_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  contracts_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  initialled_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  parade_NN  .  
  but_CCB  since_CS  starting_NN  salaries_NNS  would_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  grade_VV0  A_ZZ1  or_CC  B_ZZ1  in_IO  the_AT1  finals_NNS  next_DA  May_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  since_CS  mating_NN  prospects_NNS  would_VM  depend_VV0  upon_IO  salaries_NNS  ,_,  scholarship_NN  for_IO  these_DD2  fine_JJ  young_JJ  people_NNS  was_VBDZ  closely_RR  geared_VBN  to_IO  economic_JJ  and_CC  biological_JJ  ends_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  essentially_RR  ,_,  were_VBDR  really_RR  means_NNS  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  seeing_VBG  them_PPHO1  revolve_VV0  in_IO  circles_NNS  ,_,  Harry_NP  had_VHD  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  Moke_NP  (_(  or_CC  what_DDQ  Moke_NP  consciously_RR  or_CC  unconsciously_RR  symbolised_VVD  ,_,  anyway_RR  in_IO  Harry's_PPIO2  mind_NN  )_)  had_VHD  these_DD2  splendid_JJ  young_JJ  people_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  hairs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  diverting_VBG  them_PPHO1  from_IO  true_JJ  life_NN  .  
  stepping_VBG  out_RP  in_IO  their_APP$  white_JJ  shorts_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  glad_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  be_VB0  diverted_VBN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  single_JJ  exception_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  worried_JJ  little_JJ  man-student_NN  who_PNQS kept_VVD  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  step_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  nothing_PN1  Moke_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  minions_NNS  could_VM  do_VD0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  would_VM  ever_RR  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  reason_NN  probably_RR  lay_VVD  in_IO  elementary_JJ  neurosis_NN  and_CC  not_XX  in_IO  some_DD  eruption_NN  from_IO  those_DD2  deeper_JJ  layers_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  human_JJ  psyche_NN  which_DDQ  are_VBR  trans-economic_JJ  .  
  so_RR  once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  metaphysics_NNS  were_VBDR  depressing_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  absolute_JJ  contrast_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  physical_JJ  display_NN  .  
  Mos_NP2  have_VH0  an_AT1  un-American_JJ  love_NN  of_IO  parades_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  these_DD2  young_JJ  ones_CD1S  ,_,  on_IO  parade_NN  for_IO  jobs_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  to_TO  pay_VV0  off_RP  their_APP$  college_NN  bills_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  naturally_RR  putting_VBG  their_APP$  best_JJT  foot_NN  forward_RR  .  
  6_MC  .  
  a_AT1  night_NN  or_CC  two_MC  later_RRR  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  strolling_VBG  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  on_IO  sentry-go_NN  ,_,  round_IO  the_AT1  tents_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  caught_VVD  sight_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  looking_VBG  out_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  flap_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  occupied_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  lordship's_NN1$  own_DA  self_NN  .  
    bit_NN  moody_JJ  ,_,    remarked_VVD  my_APP$  companion_NN  .  
    like_CS  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  remember_VV0  .    
  well_RR  did_VDD  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  the_AT1  crisis_NN  of_IO  emotion_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  plunged_VBN  one_MC1  night_NN  at_IO  Abbotsfield_NP  .  a_AT1  dinner-party_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  when_CS he_PPHO1  first_RR  set_VVD  eyes_NNS  on_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Ariadne_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  impart_VV0  my_APP$  thoughts_NNS  or_CC  any_DD  misgivings_NNS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  on_IO  this_DD1  subject_NN  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  my_APP$  recollections_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Manor_NNL1  ,_,  of_IO  my_APP$  parlour_NN  and_CC  Sally_NP  sitting_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  amenities_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  so_RG  strong_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  dared_VM  not_XX  speak_VV0  .  
    something_PN1  's_VBZ  up_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  ,_,  carefully_RR  casual_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  servants_NNS  are_VBR  all_DB  on_IO  edge_NN  .  did_VDD  you_PPY  notice_VV0  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  mules_NNS  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  off_IO  the_AT1  raft_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  peered_VVD  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  secrets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  jungle_NN  .  
    think_VV0  there_EX  's_VBZ  Indians_NP2  about_RP  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  most_RG  certainly_RR  an_AT1  eerie_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  exceptionally_RR  brilliant_JJ  and_CC  strange_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  proximity_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  presence_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  almost_RR  smell_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  air_NN  grew_VVD  less_RG  humid_JJ  and_CC  as_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  moon_NN  the_AT1  galaxies_NNS  had_VHD  it_PPH1  their_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  forest_NN  looked_VVD  ever_RR  more_RG  mysterious_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  faint_JJ  ,_,  silver_JJ  light_NN  .  
    impressive_JJ  ,_,    Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  gazing_VBG  reverently_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  cosmic_JJ  handiwork_NN  .  
    all_DB  those_DD2  stars_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  bit_NN  earthbound_JJ  tonight_NN1  ,_,  Trout_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  queer_JJ  feeling_NN  ,_,  like_CS  I_PPIS1  always_RR  get_VV0  when_CS something_PN1  sensational_JJ  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  happen_VV0  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  things_NNS  lurking_VBG  if_CS  you_PPY  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  might_VM  be_VB0  jaguar_NN  ,_,  might_VM  be_VB0  .  head-shrinkers_NNS  .  
  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  die_VV0  kind_NN  of_IO  composed_JJ  ,_,  Trout_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  Christian_JJ  martyrs_NNS  twisting_VBG  and_CC  shrieking_VBG  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS bad_JJ  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  fire_NN  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  lion_NN  munching_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  arrows_NNS  where_CS it_PPH1  hurts_VBZ  most_RBT  .  
  or_CC  can_VM  you_PPY  .  
  look_VV0  over_IO  there_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  beyond_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
    something_PN1  moved_VVD  .    
    it_PPH1  may_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  darkness_NN  conceals_VBZ  some_DD  threat_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  to_TO  dissemble_VV0  my_APP$  dislike_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  .    
  somewhat_RR  resentful_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  responsibility_NN  that_PNQS did_VDD  not_XX  fall_VV0  within_IO  the_AT1  strict_JJ  terms_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  butler's_NN1$  engagement_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  flattered_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  bound_VBN  to_TO  advance_VV0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  suggestions_NNS  that_PNQS occurred_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    bottle-foot_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  .    
    bottle-foot_NN  .    
  his_APP$  lordship_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  become_VBN  unbalanced_JJ  through_IO  fear_NN  .  
    a_AT1  character_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  .  
  a_AT1  being_NN  of_IO  whom_WPO  the_AT1  forest_NN  Indians_NP2  are_VBR  said_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  mortally_RR  afraid_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  hoof_NN  shaped_VBN  like_IO  the_AT1  heel_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
  if_CS  your_APP$  lordship_NN  will_VM  excuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  long_RR  .    
  rummaging_VBG  among_IO  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  our_APP$  provisions_NNS  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  a_AT1  bottle_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  numerous_JJ  marks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  surrounding_VBG  our_APP$  tents_NNS  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  jungle_NN  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  dared_VVD  venture_VV0  .  
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  observe_VV0  these_DD2  footprints_NNS  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  rather_RR  proud_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  device_NN  ,_,    they_PPHS2  may_VM  be_VB0  deterred_VBN  from_IO  attacking_VBG  us_PPIO2   .    
    ummm_UH  .  
  any_DD  other_DA  ideas_NNS  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  creature_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  water-mother_NN  who_PNQS sits_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  lily-leaf_NN  singing_VBG  and_CC  entices_VBZ  men_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  stream_NN  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  drown_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  long_JJ  green_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  .  .    
    kind_NN  of_IO  Lorelei_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    
    precisely_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  lord_NN  .  
  a_AT1  highly_RR  poetical_JJ  conception_NN  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  impersonate_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  being_NN  .  .    
    what_DDQ  ,_,  me_PPIO1  .  
  sit_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  lily-leaf_NN  and_CC  sing_VV0  .  
  not_XX  likely_JJ  ,_,  Trout_NP  .  
  better_RRR  get_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  .  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  witch_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  draw_VV0  anyone_PN1  into_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .    
  his_APP$  lordship_NN  sighed_VVD  as_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS would_VM  n't_XX  mind_VV0  dying_VBG  in_IO  certain_JJ  unlikely_JJ  circumstances_NNS  .  
    d'_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  Septimus_NP  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  nuts_JJ  over_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  question_NN  startled_VVD  my_APP$  secret_JJ  thoughts_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  before_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  formulate_VV0  a_AT1  discreet_JJ  answer_NN  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  were_VBDR  all_RR  over_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  though_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  by_IO  means_II  of_II  a_AT1  trick_NN  practised_VBN  in_IO  equally_RR  repugnant_JJ  circumstances_NNS  to_TO  floor_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  three_MC  who_PNQS attacked_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  got_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  hand_NN  .  
  small_JJ  ,_,  repulsive_JJ  creatures_NNS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  with_IO  black_JJ  ,_,  matted_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  striking_JJ  resemblance_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  shrunk_JJ  heads_NNS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  gazed_VBN  at_IO  recently_RR  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  hesitation_NN  in_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  an_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   but_IO  for_II  an_AT1  intervention_NN  so_RG  unexpected_JJ  ,_,  so_RG  unusual_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  necessity_NN  of_IO  rounding_VBG  my_APP$  narrative_NN  compels_VBZ  me_PPIO1  to_TO  mention_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  appreciated_VBN  that_CS  whereas_CS  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  about_RP  to_TO  relate_VV0  passed_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  flashes_NNS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  very_RG  long_RR  during_IO  the_AT1  action_NN  .  
  standing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  blade_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rough_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  spear_NN  at_IO  my_APP$  back_NN  (_(  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  of_IO  cuts_NNS  and_CC  scratches_NNS  that_PNQS might_VM  or_CC  might_VM  not_XX  prove_VV0  poisonous_JJ  )_)  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  my_APP$  somewhat_RR  futile_JJ  best_JJT  by_IO  necessarily_RR  restricted_JJ  gestures_NNS  to_TO  draw_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  whether_CS  these_DD2  savages_NNS  saw_VVD  bottle-foot's_NN1$  print_NN  or_CC  not_XX  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  neither_LE  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  least_DA  notice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  alarming_JJ  countenance_NN  Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  had_VHD  assumed_VBN  .  
  at_IO  first_MD  glimpse_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  assailants_NNS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  of_RR  course_RR  smitten_VBN  the_AT1  empty_JJ  tin_NN  of_IO  fruit-salad_NN  that_PNQS constituted_VVD  our_APP$  warning_JJ  note_NN  ,_,  hoping_VBG  that_CS  its_APP$  flat_JJ  tinkle_NN  would_VM  serve_VV0  to_TO  rouse_VV0  our_APP$  companions_NNS  ;_;  trusting_VBG  also_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  evoke_VV0  some_DD  magical_JJ  demonstration_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  .  
  in_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  few_DA  seconds_NNS  Canon_NNSB1  Pluckley_NP  emerged_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  tent_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS desires_VBZ  to_TO  investigate_VV0  a_AT1  situation_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  scholarship_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  seized_VVD  and_CC  threw_VVD  the_AT1  poor_JJ  gentleman_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  and_CC  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  followed_VVD  ,_,  armed_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  boathook_NN  and_CC  fiery_JJ  with_IO  indignation_NN  ,_,  as_CS  having_VHG  a_AT1  measure_NN  of_IO  savage_JJ  clearsightedness_NN  they_PPHS2  could_VM  undoubtedly_RR  see_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  prepared_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  kill_NN  .  
  certainly_RR  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  painful_JJ  resolution_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  existence_NN  but_IO  for_II  the_AT1  mysterious_JJ  intervention_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  alluded_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  more_RR  than_RR  half_RR  expected_VBN  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  ,_,  if_CS  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  appeared_VVD  in_IO  our_APP$  midst_NN  ,_,  would_VM  make_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  raised_JJ  hand_NN  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  power_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  tent_NN  indeed_RR  ,_,  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  cool_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  ;_;  but_CCB  though_CS  at_IO  sight_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  made_VVD  a_AT1  curious_JJ  hissing_JJ  noise_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  snakes_NNS  and_CC  poised_VVD  their_APP$  spears_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  view_NN  to_IO  hurling_NN  or_CC  stabbing_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  first_RR  no_AT1  doubt_NN  dispatched_VBN  those_DD2  of_IO  us_PPIO2   they_PPHS2  already_RR  held_VVD  ,_,  our_APP$  host_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  lady_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  resource_NN  but_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  personal_JJ  immunity_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  scarcely_RR  a_AT1  moment_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  expected_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  reminded_VBN  of_IO  another_DD1  book_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  frequently_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  through_IO  the_AT1  looking-glass_NN  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  remembered_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  two_MC  characters_NNS  are_VBR  about_RP  to_TO  engage_VV0  in_IO  battle_NN  a_AT1  fierce_JJ  ,_,  black_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  crow_NN  of_IO  unusual_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  appears_VBZ  over_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  ,_,  putting_VBG  an_AT1  end_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  quarrel_NN  by_IO  its_APP$  formidable_JJ  aspect_NN  .  
  in_IO  just_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  manner_NN  there_EX  now_RL  showed_VVD  itself_PPX1  over_IO  our_APP$  heads_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  with_IO  noise_NN  and_CC  menace_NN  but_CCB  in_IO  silence_NN  more_RG  frightening_JJ  than_IO  thunder_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  bird_NN  not_XX  black_JJ  but_CCB  white_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  an_AT1  eagle_NN  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  having_VHG  circled_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  rose_VVD  and_CC  returned_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  starry_JJ  sky_NN  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  ,_,  if_CS  Indians_NP2  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  had_VHD  vanished_VBN  .  
  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  add_VV0  that_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  dressed_VVD  our_APP$  cuts_NNS  and_CC  scratches_NNS  with_IO  medicaments_NNS  from_IO  her_APP$  little_JJ  box_NN  while_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  held_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  over_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  effect_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  radiant_JJ  heat_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
    is_VBZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  place_NN  .    asked_VVD  Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  ,_,  peering_VBG  about_RP  for_IO  vestiges_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  golden_JJ  temple_NN  or_CC  like_JB  portent_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  this_DD1  where_CS the_AT1  feller_NN  jumped_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  Gilberto_NP  .    
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  gathered_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cliff_NN  perhaps_RR  three_MC  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  over_IO  a_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  deep_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Cordillera_NP  .  
    es_&FW  posible_&FW  que_&FW  .  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  .    
  but_CCB  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  broke_VVD  off_RP  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  say_VV0  ,_,  Feather_NP  .    
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  told_VBN  that_CS  where_CS the_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  plunged_VVD  in_RP  his_APP$  image_NN  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    nothing_PN1  there_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  his_APP$  lordship_NN  ,_,  gazing_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  clean_JJ  rock_NN  that_PNQS reflected_VVD  mountain_NN  and_CC  forest_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cliff_NN  and_CC  our_APP$  own_DA  peeping_JJ  faces_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  remote_JJ  and_CC  magical_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  well_RR  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  scene_NN  of_IO  some_DD  legendary_JJ  event_NN  ,_,  though_CS  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  landscape_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  looked_VBN  very_RG  different_JJ  in_IO  those_DD2  far-off_JB  days_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  came_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  riding_VBG  muleback_RR  along_IO  wooded_JJ  slopes_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  agreeable_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  after_IO  that_DD1  humid_JJ  ,_,  malodorous_JJ  journey_NN  by_IO  river_NN  and_CC  swamp_NN  ,_,  for_CS  as_CS  the_AT1  path_NN  ascended_VVD  the_AT1  climate_NN  grew_VVD  temperate_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  vegetation_NN  ,_,  so_PN1  Canon_NNSB1  Pluckley_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  subtropical_JJ  ,_,  characteristically_RR  so_PN1  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  should_VM  have_VH0  described_VBN  it_PPH1  as_CS  fairylike_JJ  .  
  here_RL  then_RL  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  disposed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  commodious_JJ  hut_NN  built_VBN  of_IO  pine-logs_NNS  or_CC  some_DD  such_DA  timber_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  debouched_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  stream_NN  that_PNQS must_VM  find_VV0  its_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  supposed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  Atlantic_NP  ;_;  around_IO  us_PPIO2   abundant_JJ  provision_NN  of_IO  fruit_NN  ,_,  fish_NN  and_CC  if_CS  we_PPIS2  desired_VVD  it_PPH1  duck_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  distinct_JJ  impression_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  hut_NN  had_VHD  recently_RR  been_VBN  cleaned_VBN  and_CC  prepared_VBN  for_IO  visitors_NNS  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  said_VVD  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  go_VV0  no_RR  further_RRR  unless_CS  and_CC  until_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  sent_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  confirming_VBG  another_DD1  impression_NN  that_PNQS became_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  definite_JJ  ,_,  namely_RR  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  invisible_JJ  source_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  her_APP$  words_NNS  stimulated_VVD  an_AT1  already_RR  lively_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  near_JJ  future_NN  and_CC  as_CS  usual_JJ  Lord_NNSB1  Undertone_NP  could_VM  not_XX  refrain_VV0  from_IO  questions_NNS  .  
    sent_VBN  for_IO  .    
  his_APP$  gaze_NN  examined_VVD  the_AT1  hut_NN  .  
    no_AT1  telephone_NN  .  
  no_AT1  wireless_NN  .  
  no_AT1  .  .    
  it_PPH1  dawned_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    stupid_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  tele-what-d'you-call-it_NN  of_RR  course_RR  !_!    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  smiled_VVD  and_CC  with_IO  this_DD1  all_DB  of_IO  us_PPIO2   must_VM  be_VB0  content_JJ  .  
  for_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  part_NN  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  ready_JJ  to_TO  remain_VV0  here_RL  several_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  collecting_VBG  my_APP$  wits_NNS  so_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  arranging_VBG  my_APP$  expectations_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  wondering_VBG  if_CS  Sally_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  brought_VBN  here_RL  by_IO  aeroplane_NN  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  undertake_VV0  any_DD  adventure_NN  without_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  not_XX  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  any_DD  place_NN  where_CS even_RR  a_AT1  vertical_JJ  landing_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  effected_VBN  .  
  Sally_NP  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  ,_,  for_CS  surely_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  case_NN  as_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  allowed_VVD  myself_PPX1  to_TO  entertain_VV0  for_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  the_AT1  idea_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  strange_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  unwelcome_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  almost_RR  inconceivable_JJ  idea_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Ariadne's_PPIO2  arrival_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  inopportune_JJ  ;_;  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  came_VVD  a_AT1  somewhat_RR  vulgar_JJ  impulse_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  refused_VVD  ,_,  to_TO  watch_VV0  \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  more_RG  closely_RR  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  too_RR  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  who_PNQS would_VM  surely_RR  show_VV0  some_DD  anxiety_NN  by_IO  now_RL  if_CS  he_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  anything_PN1  untoward_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  three_MC  were_VBDR  to_IO  the_AT1  casual_JJ  observation_NN  I_PPIS1  permitted_VVD  myself_PPX1  unruffled_JJ  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  reserved_JJ  and_CC  certainly_RR  very_RG  thoughtful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  habit_NN  .  
  indeed_RR  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  invaded_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  tranquil_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  Indian_JJ  servants_NNS  relaxed_VVD  ,_,  knowing_VBG  ,_,  so_PN1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Gilberto_NP  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  wild_JJ  and_CC  savage_JJ  tribes_NNS  never_RR  approached_VVD  this_DD1  region_NN  :_:  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  they_PPHS2  remained_VVD  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  perhaps_RR  for_IO  such_DA  protection_NN  as_CS  our_APP$  presence_NN  ,_,  or_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine's_PPIO2  ,_,  afforded_VVD  ,_,  sticking_VBG  rather_RR  to_IO  their_APP$  quarters_NNS  ,_,  going_VBG  no_RR  further_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  to_TO  fish_VV0  ,_,  whereas_CS  we_PPIS2  ourselves_PPX2  explored_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  neighbourhood_NN  ,_,  half_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  with_IO  an_AT1  eye_NN  to_IO  fabulous_JJ  remains_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  after_IO  what_DDQ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Caine_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  far_RR  from_IO  our_APP$  minds_NNS  that_CS  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  summons_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Septimus_NP  was_VBDZ  impatient_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  we_PPIS2  climbed_VVD  a_AT1  promontory_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  clean_JJ  rock_NN  crowned_VBN  with_IO  trees_NNS  and_CC  bushes_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS stood_VVD  well_RR  out_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thing_NN  about_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  sheet_NN  of_IO  water_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  looked_VVD  down_RP  was_VBDZ  its_APP$  astonishing_JJ  stillness_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  reflect_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  its_APP$  own_DA  dreamy_JJ  shores_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  forests_NNS  of_IO  red-leaved_JJ  trees_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  mountainsides_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  snowfields_NNS  above_II  ,_,  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  sky_NN  but_CCB  the_AT1  invisible_JJ  ground_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  itself_PPX1  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  should_VM  gather_VV0  himself_PPX1  into_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  in_IO  meditation_NN  perceive_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  otherwise_RR  imperceptible_JJ  .  
  away_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  far_RR  below_II  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  our_APP$  Indians_NP2  fishing_VBG  and_CC  I_PPIS1  declare_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  ripple_NN  his_APP$  cast_NN  made_VVD  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  change_NN  in_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  expanse_NN  .  the_AT1  2.20_MC  from_IO  Dinas_NP  .  
  start_VV0  running_VBG  punctual_JJ  and_CC    where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  by_IO  \0E_NP  \0L_NP  Malpass_NP  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  has_VHZ  ever_RR  satisfactorily_RR  explained_VBN  how_CS a_AT1  single-decker_NN  Welsh_JJ  bus_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  got_VBN  itself_PPX1  into_IO  orbit_NN  .  
  shooting_VBG  up_RP  over_IO  the_AT1  pass_NN  a_AT1  bit_NN  too_RG  carefree_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  becoming_VBG  airborne_JJ  .  
  caught_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  gust_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  .  
  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  seems_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  remains_VBZ  that_CS  get_VV0  itself_PPX1  into_IO  orbit_NN  it_PPH1  did_VDD  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  old_JJ  fuss_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  here_RL  are_VBR  the_AT1  known_JJ  facts_NNS  .  
  on_IO  10th_MD  July_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  bus_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  2.20_MC  from_IO  Dinas_NP  to_IO  Llangrwl_NP  ,_,  left_VVD  Dinas_NP  at_IO  two-thirty-five_MC  as_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  aboard_RP  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  crew_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  five-year-old_JB  son_NN  Cadwallader_NP  ;_;  pretty_JJ  little_JJ  Morfydd_NP  Owen_NP  ;_;  \0Mr_NNSB1  Stanley_NP  Hayball_NP  and_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Ethel_NP  Yates_NP  ,_,  hikers_NNS  from_IO  Birmingham_NP  ;_;  Price_NP  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  bus_NN  set_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  Dinas_NP  .  
  so_RG  much_DA  is_VBZ  established_VBN  .  
  Ifor_NP  Huw_NP  Evans_NP  ,_,  \0Propr_NN  ,_,  watched_VVD  it_PPH1  go_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Dinas_NP  motor_NN  omnibus_NN  \0Co_NN1  .  
  very_RG  interested_JJ  ,_,  Ifor_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  garage_NN  hand_NN  ,_,  Dai_NP  Pugh_NP  ,_,  taking_VBG  a_AT1  tearful_JJ  farewell_NN  of_IO  Morfydd_NP  Owen_NP  .  
  Morfydd_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  until_CS  recently_RR  been_VBN  Ifor's_PPIO2  typist_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  now_RL  returning_VBG  to_IO  her_APP$  home_NN1  town_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  fully-fledged_JJ  schoolteacher_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  only_RR  going_VBG  fifteen_MC  miles_NNS  away_RP  ,_,    Morfydd_NP  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
    not_XX  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    for_IO  me_PPIO1  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,    Dai_NP  said_VVD  wretchedly_RR  ,_,  wiping_VBG  his_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  overalls_NNS  preparatory_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  last_DA  embrace_NN  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  remembering_VBG  a_AT1  mere_JB  garage_NN  hand_NN  when_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  lording_VBG  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  mixed_JJ  infants_NNS  of_IO  Llangrwl_NP  .    
    silly_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Morfydd_NP  .  
  though_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  wondering_VBG  whether_CS  ,_,  now_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  qualified_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  schoolteacher_NN  ,_,  poor_JJ  little_JJ  Dai_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_DA  the_AT1  man_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  nice_JJ  boy_NN  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  but_CCB  perhaps_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  world_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  entering_VBG  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  boys_NNS  equally_RR  nice_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  far_RR  more_DA  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  conductor_NN  rang_VVD  his_APP$  bell_NN  .  
    good-bye_UH  ,_,  Dai_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Morfydd_NP  ,_,  smiling_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  bottom_JB  step_NN  .  
    good-bye_UH  ,_,  Morfydd_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  sought_VVD  to_TO  enfold_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  steps_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bus_NN  was_VBDZ  away_RP  .  
  and_CC  Morfydd_NP  Owen_NP  waving_VBG  ,_,  unkissed_JJ  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  and_CC  Dai_NP  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  that_CS  Morfydd_NP  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  as_RG  surely_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  Dinas_NP  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  bus_NN  set_VVD  out_RP  for_IO  Llangrwl_NP  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  never_RR  reached_VVD  there_RL  !_!  
  somewhere_RR  ,_,  on_IO  those_DD2  fifteen_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  mountain_NN  roads_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  disappeared_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  earthly_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  intimation_NN  that_CS  all_DB  was_VBDZ  not_XX  well_JJ  came_VVD  when_CS a_AT1  \0Mr_NNSB1  Isaiah_NP  Roberts_NP  ,_,  landlord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  traveller's_NN1$  joy_NN  ,_,  rang_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  Dinas_NP  motor_NN  omnibus_NN  \0Co_NN1  to_TO  ask_VV0  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  damn_JJ  bus_NN  .  
    left_VVD  here_RL  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Ifor_NP  .  
    two-thirty-five_MC  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  dot_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  leave_VV0  at_IO  two-twenty_MC  .    
    who_PNQS  says_VBZ  so_PN1  .    
    your_APP$  timetable_NN  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  notice_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  old_JJ  timetables_NNS  ,_,    Ifor_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  reasonably_RR  .  
    start_VV0  running_VBG  punctual_JJ  and_CC  where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  .  
  people_NNS  get_VV0  left_VBN  behind_RP  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .  
  very_RG  exasperating_JJ  for_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  all_DB  .    
  exasperated_JJ  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  sounded_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  over_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  late_JJ  ,_,  now_RL  .  
  and_CC  me_PPIO1  due_JJ  in_IO  Llangrwl_NP  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  ago_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  meeting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  licensed_JJ  victualler's_NN1$  association_NN  .    
  shaken_VBN  ,_,  Ifor_NP  Evans_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  showing_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  mind_VV0  .  
    must_VM  n't_XX  expect_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  on_IO  these_DD2  Welsh_JJ  roads_NNS  ,_,  must_VM  we_PPIS2  now_RL  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  very_RG  conciliatory_JJ  .  
    not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  M1_ZZ1  ,_,  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  tendentious_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  sounded_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  send_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  sheriff's_NN1$  posse_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
  no_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  Isaiah_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  banged_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  receiver_NN  .  
  very_RG  uncivil_JJ  .  
  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  mask_NN  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  Ifor_NP  did_VDD  .  
    Dai_NP  Pugh_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  bellowed_VVD  .  
    leap_VV0  on_IO  your_APP$  bicycle_NN  and_CC  scour_VV0  the_AT1  countryside_NN  between_IO  here_RL  and_CC  the_AT1  traveller's_NN1$  joy_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two-twenty_MC  to_IO  Llangrwl_NP  has_VHZ  failed_VBN  to_TO  complete_VV0  her_APP$  mission_NN  .    
  paled_VVD  ,_,  did_VDD  Dai_NP  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  two-twenty_MC  carried_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  cargo_NN  more_RG  precious_JJ  than_IO  jewels_NNS  .  
  though_CS  Mofydd_NP  Owen_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  feared_VVD  ,_,  departed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  still_RR  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  dearly_RR  .  
  already_RR  ,_,  even_RR  as_CS  with_IO  trembling_JJ  fingers_NNS  he_PPHO1  fastened_VVD  his_APP$  trouser_NN  clips_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seeing_VBG  her_APP$  lying_VBG  in_IO  some_DD  dreadful_JJ  ravine_NN  ,_,  or_CC  beset_VBN  by_IO  robbers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  being_VBG  whisked_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  emergency_NN  ward_NN  10_MC  .  
  but_CCB  even_RR  his_APP$  imagination_NN  ,_,  luckily_RR  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  visualise_VV0  the_AT1  awful_JJ  truth_NN    that_CS  Morfyyd_NP  Owen_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  qualifying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  title_NN  of_IO    first_MD  woman_NN  to_TO  enter_VV0  space_NN  .    
    where_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  ,_,  Mam_NNSB1  .    inquired_VVD  little_JJ  Cadwallader_NP  when_CS his_APP$  child_NN  mind_NN  grasped_VVD  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  green_JJ  earth_NN  was_VBDZ  falling_VBG  away_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  rate_NN  of_IO  knots_NNS  .  
  where_CS indeed_RR  .  
  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  spoke_VVD  sharply_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  conductor_NN  ,_,  demanding_VBG  an_AT1  explanation_NN  .  
  but_CCB  nonplussed_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  conductor_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  mind_VV0  ;_;  knew_VVD  his_APP$  job_NN  .  
  but_CCB  out_RP  of_IO  depth_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  instance_NN  .  
  fingered_VVD  his_APP$  ticket-punch_NN  nervously_RR  .  
  peered_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  went_VVD  and_CC  consulted_VVD  the_AT1  driver_NN  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  .    he_PPHO1  echoed_VVD  Cadwallader_NP  .  
    damned_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  boy_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  driver_NN  .  
    but_CCB  something_PN1  very_RG  untoward_JJ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  immersed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Dinas_NP  advertiser_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  paper_NN  ,_,  folded_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  glanced_VVD  idly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  looked_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  eyes_NNS  starting_VBG  from_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    God_NP  bless_VV0  my_APP$  immortal_JJ  soul_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
    never_RR  mind_VV0  your_APP$  immortal_JJ  soul_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  tartly_RR  .  
    here_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  traversing_VBG  the_AT1  heavens_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  moment_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  should_VM  be_VB0  running_VBG  into_IO  Llangrwl_NP  bus_NN  station_NN  .  
  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  doing_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  stung_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  conductor_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
    what_DDQ  you_PPY  expect_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0  .    he_PPHO1  inquired_VVD  ,_,  bitter_JJ  .  
    radio_VV0  flying_JJ  control_NN  at_IO  London_NP  Airport_NNL1  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    mutual_JJ  recriminations_NNS  will_VM  get_VV0  us_PPIO2   nowhere_RR  ,_,    boomed_VVD  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  ,_,    commented_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hayball_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  .  
    but_CCB  Eth_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  youth_NN  hostel_NN  before_IO  dark_NN  .    
  Morfydd_NP  Owen_NP  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  fast-disappearing_JJ  earth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  see_VV0  her_APP$  Dai_NP  again_RR  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  ago_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  regarded_VBN  this_DD1  possibility_NN  with_IO  fortitude_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  now_RL  filled_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  dismay_NN  .  
  quietly_RR  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  weep_VV0  .  .  
  Dai_NP  ,_,  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pedalling_VBG  furiously_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  the_AT1  traveller's_NN1$  joy_NN  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  up_RP  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  ,_,  walking_VBG  very_RG  dogged_JJ  towards_IO  Llangrwl_NP  .  
    afternoon_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  called_VVD  ,_,  polite_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  shot_VVD  past_RP  .  
  his_APP$  spirits_NNS  were_VBDR  rising_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roberts_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  mistaken_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  bus_NN  safe_JJ  and_CC  sound_JJ  in_IO  Llangrwl_NP  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  dear_JJ  Morfydd_NP  quietly_RR  having_VHG  tea_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  home_NN1  .  
  but_CCB  disappointment_NN  awaited_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  restive_JJ  queue_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  station_NN  ,_,  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  transported_VBN  to_IO  Dinas_NP  .  
  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  Morfydd's_PPIO2  house_NN  ,_,  all_DB  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  was_VBDZ  Morfydd's_PPIO2  mam_NN  ,_,  working_VBG  herself_PPX1  up_RP  proper_JJ  .  .  
  getting_VBG  dark_NN  ,_,  now_RL  .  
  the_AT1  conductor_NN  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  lights_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  beleaguered_JJ  passengers_NNS  peered_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
  little_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  ,_,  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  lone_JB  stars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  distant_JJ  earth_NN  brooding_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  shroud_NN  of_IO  mist_NN  .  
  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  sat_VVD  tight-lipped_JJ  ,_,  nursing_VBG  the_AT1  sleeping_JJ  Cadwallader_NP  .  
  driver_NN  and_CC  conductor_NN  peered_VVD  ahead_RR  into_IO  nothingness_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  Stan_NP  Hayball_NP  embraced_VVD  his_APP$  Eth_NP  .  
  Morfydd_NP  thought_VVD  of_IO  Dai_NP  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  ,_,  standing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  forlorn_JJ  flock_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  about_IO  a_AT1  verse_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  Cwm_&FW  Rhondda_&FW  .    he_PPHO1  suggested_VVD  hopefully_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  sullen_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  heart_NN  sank_VVD  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  Welsh_NP2  found_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  too_RG  desperate_JJ  for_IO  singing_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  situation_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  desperate_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  but_CCB  suddenly_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  roused_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  lethargy_NN  .  
  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  approaching_VBG  ,_,  faster_RRR  ,_,  faster_RRR  ,_,  a_AT1  tearing_JJ  hurrying_JJ  blur_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  past_RP  and_CC  gone_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  followed_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  rush_NN  of_IO  sound_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  waved_VVD  frantically_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  jet_NN  aircraft_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  miles_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  swinging_VBG  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  darkening_JJ  earth_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  passed_VVD  me_PPIO1  at_IO  fifty_MC  thousand_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  climbing_VBG  steadily_RR  .    
  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  Llewelyn_NP  Jones_NP  ,_,  Officer_NNSB1  commanding_VBG  \0R.A.F_NP  station_NN  ,_,  Dinas_NP  ,_,  looked_VVD  keenly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  flying_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  who_PNQS had_VHD  burst_VBN  so_RG  unceremoniously_RR  into_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  did_VDD  it_PPH1  look_VV0  like_IO  ,_,  Broughtons_NP  .  
  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  rocket_NN  .    
  flying_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  Broughtons_NP  shuffled_VVD  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  actually_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  like_IO    like_IO  a_AT1  bus_NN  .  
  a_AT1  single-decker_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  elaborated_VVD  .  
  daggers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  looked_VVD  .  
    Broughtons_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  silkily_RR  .  
    did_VDD  n't_XX  they_PPHS2  teach_VV0  you_PPY  at_IO  Cranwell_NP  that_CS  buses_NNS  are_VBR  earth-bound_JJ  creatures_NNS  .  
  aeroplanes_NNS  fly_VV0  ,_,  Broughtons_NP  .  
  buses_NNS  crawl_VV0  .    
  very_RG  pale_JJ  ,_,  Broughtons_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  but_CCB  determined_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bus_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  got_VBN  the_AT1  lights_NNS  on_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  people_NNS  inside_RP  .  
  waving_VBG  .    
  like_IO  gimlets_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  station_NN  Commander's_NNSB2  eyes_NNS  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  see_VV0  the_AT1  indicator_NN  board_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  did_VDD  it_PPH1  say_VV0  .  
  mystery_NC2  tour_NC2  .    
  oh_UH  ,_,  very_RG  caustic_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  group_NN  Captain_NNSB1  .  
  but_CCB  Broughtons_NP  stood_VVD  his_APP$  ground_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  said_VVD  Llangrwl_NP  .    
  Llewelyn_NP  Jones_NP  sat_VVD  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .  
  so_RR  you_PPY  met_VVD  a_AT1  bus_NN  at_IO  fifty_MC  thousand_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  all_RR  lit_VBN  up_RP  .  
  full_JJ  of_IO  people_NNS  waving_VBG  as_CS  you_PPY  went_VVD  past_RP  .    
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  crouched_VVD  forward_RR  .  
    Broughtons_NP  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  anything_PN1  in_IO  Queen's_NNSB2  regulations_NNS  to_TO  cover_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  you_PPY  court-martialled_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  ,_,    he_PPHO1  ended_VVD  sadly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  read_VV0  the_AT1  registration_NN  number_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  dark_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  commanding_JJ  officer_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  forgotten_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  saluted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  presence_NN  ,_,  very_RG  crestfallen_JJ  .  .  
  time_NN  passed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  bus_NN  climbed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  quietly_RR  into_IO  orbit_NN  .  
  time_NN  passed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards'_PPIO2  pulpit_NN  remained_VVD  empty_JJ  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  did_VDD  the_AT1  arms_NNS  of_IO  Dai_NP  Pugh_NP  .  
  how_CS could_VM  they_PPHS2  be_VB0  otherwise_RR  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  beloved_NN  was_VBDZ  circling_VBG  the_AT1  poles_NNS  at_IO  three-and-a-quarter-hour_JB  intervals_NNS  ,_,  regular_JJ  as_IO  clockwork_NN  .  
  time_NN  passed_VVD  .  
  everyone_PN1  said_VVD  ,_,      pity_NN  about_IO  Megan_NP  Thomas_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  ,_,    as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ;_;  as_CS  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  local_NC2  bus_NC2  disappears_NC2  announced_VVD  the_AT1  Dinas_NP  advertiser_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  London_NP  papers_NNS  ignored_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  affair_NN  .  
  Ifor_NP  Evans_NP  reported_VVD  his_APP$  loss_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  only_RR  tut-tutted_VVD  .  
    lost_VVD  a_AT1  bus_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  very_RG  careless_JJ  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  attitude_NN  .  
  now_RL  if_CS  there_EX  'd_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  old_JJ  accident_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  could_VM  have_VH0  measured_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  taken_VBN  an_AT1  interest_NN  .  
  but_CCB  losing_VBG  a_AT1  bus_NN  !_!  
  people_NNS  were_VBDR  always_RR  losing_VBG  things_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  .  
  so_PN1  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  affair_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  written_VBN  off_RP  as_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  unexplained_JJ  mysteries_NNS  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Marie_NP  Celeste_NP  .  
  then_RL  things_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  happen_VV0  .  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  about_IO  the_AT1  voyagers_NNS  .  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  asking_VBG  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  command_NN  .  
    our_APP$  position_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    is_VBZ  somewhat_RR  analogous_JJ  to_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  castaway_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  desert_NN  island_NN  .  
  now_RL  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  person_NN  do_VD0  .  
  he_PPHO1  signals_VBZ  his_APP$  position_NN  by_IO  lighting_VBG  bonfires_NNS  or_CC  hoisting_VBG  a_AT1  flag_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  palm_NN  tree_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  tries_VBZ  to_TO  ensure_VV0  a_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  food_NN  .    
    can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  lighting_VBG  bonfires_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  bus_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  conductor_NN  said_VVD  firmly_RR  .  
    contrary_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  company's_NN1$  regulations_NNS  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  ,_,    agreed_VVD  the_AT1  minister_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  another_DD1  way_NN  of_IO  signalling_VBG  our_APP$  position_NN  .  
  the_AT1  driver_NN  must_VM  sound_VV0  his_APP$  horn_NN  continuously_RR  .    
  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  look_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  driver_NN  did_VDD  .  
    where_CS you_PPY  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  rudely_RR  .  
    Dinas_NP  High_NP  Street_NNL1  .    
    do_VD0  as_CS  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,  driver_NN  .    
  very_RG  stern_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  reverend_JJ  gentleman_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  so_RR  the_AT1  driver_NN  peep-peeped_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  edging_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  through_IO  a_AT1  herd_NN  of_IO  cows_NNS  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  hurtling_VBG  through_IO  empty_JJ  space_NN  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  said_VVD  courteously_RR  .  
    secondly_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  pool_VV0  and_CC  ration_VV0  our_APP$  supplies_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  Price_NP  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  nursing_VBG  a_AT1  great_JJ  basket_NN  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  who_PNQS  has_VHZ  any_DD  food_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  hopefully_RR  .  
  stared_VVD  back_RP  did_VDD  Price_NP  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  ,_,  unwinking_JJ  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Price_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   here_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  .  
  Price_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    intended_VBN  for_IO  Plas_NP  Newydd_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  lot_NN  is_VBZ  .  
  paid_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  too_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  folded_VVD  his_APP$  arms_NNS  protectively_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  basket_NN  .  
  mutinous_JJ  dog_NN  ,_,  thought_VVD  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  n't_XX  enjoyed_VBN  himself_PPX1  so_RG  much_RR  since_IO  reading_VBG  treasure_NN  Island_NNL1  .  
    what_DDQ  have_VH0  you_PPY  got_VBN  in_IO  that_DD1  basket_NN  ,_,  Price_NP  .    he_PPHO1  roared_VVD  .  
  quelled_VBN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Price_NP  pulled_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  grocery_NN  list_NN  ,_,  pushed_VVD  his_APP$  glasses_NNS  up_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  nose_NN  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  read_VV0  .  
    six_MC  loaves_NNS  ,_,  four_MC  pounds_NNS  butter_NN  ,_,  two_MC  pounds_NNS  marge_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  tin_NN  pineapple_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  York_NP  ham_NN  .    
    then_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  saved_VBN  ,_,    cried_VVD  the_AT1  \0Rev_NNSB1  Edwards_NP  .  
  shyly_RR  ,_,  Morfydd_NP  Owen_NP  produced_VVD  a_AT1  block_NN  of_IO  chocolate_NN  .  Allamagoosa_NP  .  
  Eric_NP  Frank_NP  Russell_NP  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  space-ship_NN  commander_NN  who_PNQS faces_VBZ  an_AT1  inspection_NN  by_IO  an_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  of_IO  stores_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Rear-Admiral_NNSB1  who_PNQS can_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  space-ship_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  short_JJ  of_IO  even_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  minute_JJ  item_NN  of_IO  equipment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  commander_NN  discovers_VBZ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  short_JJ  of_IO  an_AT1    offog_NN    .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  bad_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  an_AT1    offog_NN    is_VBZ  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  since_CS  the_AT1  Bustler_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  silent_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Sirian_JJ  spaceport_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  tubes_NNS  cold_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  shell_NN  particle-scarred_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  air_NN  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  long-distance_JB  runner_NN  exhausted_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  marathon_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  :_:  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  returned_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  lengthy_JJ  trip_NN  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  devoid_JJ  of_IO  troubles_NNS  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  in_IO  port_NN  ,_,  well-deserved_JJ  rest_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  gained_VBN  if_CS  only_RR  temporarily_RR  .  
  peace_NN  ,_,  sweet_JJ  peace_NN  .  
  no_AT1  more_DA  bothers_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  crises_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  major_JJ  upsets_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  dire_JB  predicaments_NNS  such_CS  as_CS  crop_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  free_JJ  flight_NN  at_RR  least_RR  twice_RR  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  just_RR  peace_NN  .  
  hah_UH  !_!  
  Captain_NNSB1  McNaught_NP  reposed_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  cabin_NN  ,_,  feet_NNS  up_RP  on_IO  desk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  relaxation_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  utmost_NN  .  
  the_AT1  engines_NNS  were_VBDR  dead_JJ  ,_,  their_APP$  hellish_JJ  pounding_NN  absent_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  months_NNS  .  
  out_RP  there_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  city_NN  four_MC  hundred_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  crew_NN  were_VBDR  making_VBG  whoopee_NN  under_IO  a_AT1  brilliant_JJ  sun_NN  .  
  this_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  when_CS first_MD  Officer_NNSB1  Gregory_NP  returned_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  charge_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  fragrant_JJ  twilight_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  rounds_NNS  of_IO  neon-lit_JJ  civilization_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  landfall_NN  at_IO  long_JJ  last_NN  .  
  men_NNS  could_VM  give_VV0  way_NN  to_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  blow_VV0  off_RP  surplus_NN  steam_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  according_IO  to_II  his_APP$  fashion_NN  .  
  no_AT1  duties_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  worries_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  dangers_NNS  ,_,  no_AT1  responsibilities_NNS  in_IO  spaceport_NN  .  
  a_AT1  haven_NN  of_IO  safety_NN  and_CC  comfort_NN  for_IO  tired_JJ  rovers_NNS  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  hah_UH  !_!  
  Burman_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  chief_JB  radio_NN  officer_NN  ,_,  entered_VVD  the_AT1  cabin_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  half-dozen_MC  remaining_VBG  on_IO  duty_NN  and_CC  bore_VVD  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS can_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  twenty_MC  better_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
    relayed_JJ  signal_NN  just_RR  come_VBN  in_RP  sir_NN  .    
  handing_VBG  the_AT1  paper_NN  across_RP  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  perhaps_RR  dictate_VV0  a_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  taking_VBG  the_AT1  sheet_NN  McNaught_NP  removed_VVD  the_AT1  feet_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  ,_,  sat_VVD  erect_JJ  and_CC  read_VVD  the_AT1  message_NN  aloud_RR  .  *"_*'  
  Terran_JJ  headquarters_NN  to_IO  Bustler_NP  .  
  remain_VV0  Siriport_NP  pending_IO  further_JB  orders_NNS  .  
  rear_JB  Admiral_NNSB1  Vane_NP  \0W_NP  Cassidy_NP  due_JJ  there_RL  seventeenth_MD  .  
  Feldman_NP  .  
  navy_NN  \0Op_NN  command_NN  .  
  Sirisec_NP  .  **"_**'  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  all_DB  happiness_NN  gone_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  leathery_JJ  features_NNS  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Lord_NNSB1  !_!    he_PPHO1  groaned_VVD  .  
    something_PN1  wrong_JJ  .    asked_VVD  Burman_NP  ,_,  vaguely_RR  alarmed_JJ  .  
  McNaught_NP  pointed_VVD  at_IO  three_MC  thin_JJ  books_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  .  
    the_AT1  middle_NN  one_MC1  .  
  page_NN  twenty_MC  .    
  leafing_VBG  through_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  Burman_NP  found_VVD  an_AT1  item_NN  that_PNQS said_VVD  :_:  *"_*'  
  Vane_NP  \0W_NP  Cassidy_NP  ,_,  \0R-Ad_NNSB1  .  
  head_JB  Inspector_NNSB1  ships_NNS  and_CC  stores_NNS  .  **"_**'  
  Burman_NP  swallowed_VVD  hard_RR  .  
    does_VBZ  that_DD1  mean_VV0    .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,    said_VVD  McNaught_NP  without_IO  pleasure_NN  .  
    back_RP  to_IO  training-college_NN  and_CC  all_DB  its_APP$  rigmarole_NN  .  
  paint_NN  and_CC  soap_NN  ,_,  spit_NN  and_CC  polish_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  on_RP  an_AT1  officious_JJ  expression_NN  ,_,  adopted_VVD  a_AT1  voice_NN  to_TO  match_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    Captain_NNSB1  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  only_RR  seven-ninety-nine_MC  emergency_NN  rations_NNS  .  
  your_APP$  allocation_NN  is_VBZ  eight_MC  hundred_MC  .  
  nothing_PN1  in_IO  your_APP$  logbook_NN  accounts_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  missing_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  where_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  how_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  that_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men's_NN2  kit_NN  lacks_VBZ  an_AT1  officially-issued_JB  pair_NN  of_IO  suspenders_NNS  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  report_VV0  his_APP$  loss_NN  .    
    why_CS does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  pick_VV0  on_IO  us_PPIO2   .    asked_VVD  Burman_NP  ,_,  appalled_VBN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  never_RR  chivvied_VVD  us_PPIO2   before_II  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS ,_,    informed_VVD  McNaught_NP  ,_,  scowling_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  our_APP$  turn_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  stretched_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  barrel_NN  .    
  his_APP$  gaze_NN  found_VVD  the_AT1  calendar_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  three_MC  days_NNS    and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  need_VV0  'em_PPHO1  !_!  
  tell_VV0  second_MD  Officer_NNSB1  Pike_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  here_RL  at_RR  once_RR  .    
  Burman_NP  departed_VVD  gloomily_RR  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  Pike_NP  entered_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  reaffirmed_VVD  the_AT1  old_JJ  adage_NN  that_CS  bad_JJ  news_NN  travels_VBZ  fast_RR  .  
    make_VV0  out_RP  an_AT1  indent_NN  ,_,    ordered_VVD  McNaught_NP  ,_,    for_IO  one_MC1  hundred_MC  gallons_NNS  of_IO  plastic_NN  paint_NN  ,_,  navy-grey_NN  ,_,  approved_JJ  quality_NN  .  
  make_VV0  out_RP  another_DD1  for_IO  thirty_MC  gallons_NNS  of_IO  interior_JJ  white_JJ  enamel_NN  .  
  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  spaceport_NN  stores_NNS  right_RR  away_RP  .  
  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  deliver_VV0  by_IO  six_MC  this_DD1  evening_NN  along_IO  with_II  our_APP$  correct_JJ  issue_NN  of_IO  brushes_NNS  and_CC  sprayers_NNS  .  
  grab_VV0  up_RP  any_DD  cleaning_NN  material_NN  that_PNQS 's_VBZ  going_VBG  for_IO  free_JJ  .    
    the_AT1  men_NNS  will_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,    remarked_VVD  Pike_NP  feebly_RR  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  love_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    McNaught_NP  asserted_VVD  .  
    a_AT1  bright_JJ  and_CC  shiny_JJ  ship_NN  ,_,  all_DB  spic_JJ  and_CC  span_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  morale_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  so_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  book_NN  .  
  get_VV0  moving_VBG  and_CC  put_VV0  those_DD2  indents_NNS  in_RP  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  find_VV0  the_AT1  stores_NNS  and_CC  equipment_NN  sheets_NNS  and_CC  bring_VV0  them_PPHO1  here_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  check_VV0  stocks_NNS  before_IO  Cassidy_NP  arrives_VBZ  .  
  once_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  here_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  shortages_NNS  or_CC  smuggle_VV0  out_RP  any_DD  extra_JJ  items_NNS  we_PPIS2  happened_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  on_IO  our_APP$  hands_NNS  .    
    very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  Pike_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  expression_NN  as_IO  Burman's_PPIO2  .  
  lying_VBG  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  McNaught_NP  muttered_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  feeling_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  bones_NNS  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  to_TO  cause_VV0  a_AT1  last_DA  minute_JJ  ruckus_NN  .  
  a_AT1  shortage_NN  on_IO  any_DD  item_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  serious_JJ  enough_RGA  unless_CS  covered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  report_NN  .  
  a_AT1  surplus_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  bad_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  bad_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  former_DA  implied_VVD  carelessness_NN  or_CC  misfortune_NN  .  
  the_AT1  latter_DA  suggested_VVD  barefaced_JJ  theft_NN  of_IO  government_NN  property_NN  in_IO  circumstances_NNS  condoned_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  commander_NN  .  
  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  recent_JJ  case_NN  of_IO  Williams_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  cruiser_NN  swift_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  heard_VBN  of_IO  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  spacevine_NN  when_CS out_RP  around_IO  Bootes_NP  .  
  Williams_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  found_VBN  in_IO  unwitting_JJ  command_NN  of_IO  eleven_MC  reels_NNS  of_IO  electric-fence_JB  wire_NN  when_CS his_APP$  official_JJ  issue_NN  was_VBDZ  ten_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  court-martial_NN  to_TO  decide_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  extra_JJ  reel_NN    which_DDQ  had_VHD  formidable_JJ  barter-value_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  planet_NN    had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  stolen_VBN  from_IO  space-stores_NNS  or_CC  ,_,  in_IO  sailor_NN  jargon_NN  ,_,    teleportated_VBN  aboard_RP    .  
  but_CCB  Williams_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  reprimanded_VBN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  did_VDD  not_XX  help_VV0  promotion_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  rumbling_VBG  discontentedly_RR  when_CS Pike_NP  returned_VVD  bearing_VBG  a_AT1  folder_NN  of_IO  foolscap_NN  sheets_NNS  .  
    going_VBG  to_TO  start_VV0  right_RR  away_RP  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  .    
  he_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  himself_PPX1  erect_JJ  ,_,  mentally_RR  bidded_VVD  good-bye_NN  to_IO  time_NN  off_RP  and_CC  a_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  lights_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  'll_VM  take_VV0  long_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  work_VV0  right_RR  through_RP  from_IO  bow_NN  to_IO  tail_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  men's_NN2  kit_NN  inspections_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  last_NN  .    
  marching_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  cabin_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  forth_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  ,_,  Pike_NP  following_VBG  with_IO  broody_JJ  reluctance_NN  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  passed_VVD  the_AT1  open_JJ  main-lock_NN  Peaslake_NP  observed_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  bounded_VVD  eagerly_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  gangway_NN  and_CC  joined_VVD  behind_RP  .  
  a_AT1  pukka_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  crew_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  dog_NN  whose_PNQV$  ancestors_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  more_RG  enthusiastic_JJ  than_CS  selective_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  with_IO  pride_NN  a_AT1  big_JJ  collar_NN  inscribed_VBN  :_:  Peaslake_NP    property_NN  of_IO  \0S.S_NP  Bustler_NP  .  
  his_APP$  chief_JB  duties_NNS  ,_,  ably_RR  performed_VBN  ,_,  were_VBDR  to_TO  keep_VV0  alien_JJ  rodents_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  and_CC  ,_,  on_IO  rare_JJ  occasions_NNS  ,_,  smell_VV0  out_RP  dangers_NNS  not_XX  visible_JJ  to_IO  human_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  three_MC  paraded_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  McNaught_NP  and_CC  Pike_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  grimly_RR  sacrificing_VBG  pleasure_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  duty_NN  ,_,  Peaslake_NP  with_IO  the_AT1  panting_JJ  willingness_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  ready_JJ  for_IO  any_DD  new_JJ  game_NN  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  .  
  reaching_VBG  the_AT1  bow-cabin_NN  ,_,  McNaught_NP  dumped_VVD  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  pilot's_NN1$  seat_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  folder_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  this_DD1  stuff_NN  better_RRR  than_IO  me_PPIO1    the_AT1  chart_NN  room_NN  is_VBZ  where_CS I_PPIS1  shine_VV0  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  read_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  while_CS  you_PPY  look_VV0  them_PPHO1  over_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  folder_NN  ,_,  started_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  page_NN  .  
    K1_ZZ1  .  
  beam_NN  compass_NN  ,_,  type_NN  D_ZZ1  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .    
    check_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Pike_NP  .  
    K2_ZZ1  .  
  distance_NN  and_CC  direction_NN  indicator_NN  ,_,  electronic_JJ  type_NN  JJ_ZZ1  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .    
    check_NN  .    
  Peaslake_NP  planted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  in_IO  McNaught's_PPIO2  lap_NN  ,_,  blinked_VVD  soulfully_RR  and_CC  whined_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  others'_APS$  viewpoint_NN  .  
  this_DD1  tedious_JJ  itemizing_NN  and_CC  checking_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hell_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  game_NN  .  
  McNaught_NP  consolingly_RR  lowered_VVD  a_AT1  hand_NN  and_CC  played_VVD  with_IO  Peaslake's_PPIO2  ears_NNS  while_CS  he_PPHO1  ploughed_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  list_NN  .  
    K187_ZZ1  .  
  foam_NN  rubber_NN  cushions_NNS  ,_,  pilot_NN  and_CC  co-pilot_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  pair_NN  .    
    check_NN  .    
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  first_MD  Officer_NNSB1  Gregory_NP  appeared_VVD  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  intercom-cubby_NN  and_CC  poked_VVD  around_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  semi-darkness_NN  .  
  Peaslake_NP  had_VHD  long_RR  departed_VBN  in_IO  disgust_NN  .  
    M24_ZZ1  .  
  spare_JJ  minispeakers_NNS  ,_,  three-inch_JB  type_NN  T2_ZZ1  ,_,  one_MC1  set_NN  of_IO  six_MC  .    
    check_NN  .    
  looking_VBG  in_RP  ,_,  Gregory_NP  popped_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  devil_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  .    
    major_JJ  inspection_NN  due_JJ  soon_RR  .    
  McNaught_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  .  
    go_VV0  see_VV0  if_CS  stores_NNS  has_VHZ  delivered_VBN  a_AT1  load_NN  and_CC  if_CS  not_XX  why_CS not_XX  .  
  then_RL  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  hand_NN  and_CC  let_VV0  Pike_NP  take_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  off_RP  .    
    does_VBZ  this_DD1  mean_VV0  land-leave_NN  is_VBZ  cancelled_VBN  .    
    you_PPY  bet_VV0  it_PPH1  does_VBZ    until_CS  after_CS  Hizonner_NNSB1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  and_CC  gone_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  Pike_NP  .  
    when_CS you_PPY  get_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  search_VV0  around_RP  and_CC  send_VV0  back_RP  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  crew_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  find_VV0  .  
  no_AT1  arguments_NNS  or_CC  excuses_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  order_NN  .    
  Pike_NP  registered_VVD  unhappiness_NN  .  
  Gregory_NP  glowered_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  went_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  came_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    stores_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  stuff_NN  here_RL  in_IO  twenty_MC  minutes'_NN2  time_NN  .    
  with_IO  bad_JJ  grace_NN  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  Pike_NP  depart_VV0  .  
    M47_ZZ1  .  
  intercom_NN  cable_NN  ,_,  woven-wire_JB  protected_JJ  ,_,  three_MC  drums_NNS  .    
    check_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Gregory_NP  ,_,  mentally_RR  kicking_VBG  himself_PPX1  for_IO  returning_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  task_NN  continued_VVD  until_CS  late_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  resumed_VBN  early_RR  next_DA  morning_NN  .  
  by_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  three-quarters_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  hard_RR  at_IO  work_NN  inside_IO  and_CC  outside_IO  the_AT1  vessel_NN  ,_,  doing_VBG  their_APP$  jobs_NNS  as_CS  though_CS  sentenced_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  crimes_NNS  contemplated_VBN  but_CCB  not_XX  yet_RR  committed_VBN  .  
  moving_VBG  around_IO  the_AT1  ship's_NN1$  corridors_NNS  and_CC  catwalks_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  crab-fashion_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  nervous_JJ  sidewise_JJ  edging_NN  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  demonstrated_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Terran_JJ  life-form_NN  suffers_VBZ  from_IO  ye_AT1  fear_VV0  of_IO  wette_JJ  paynt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  smearer_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  ten_MC  years_NNS  willed_VBN  off_IO  his_APP$  unfortunate_JJ  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  these_DD2  conditions_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  mid-afternoon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  day_NN  ,_,  that_CS  McNaught's_PPIO2  bones_NNS  proved_VVD  their_APP$  feelings_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  prophetic_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  recited_VVD  the_AT1  ninth_MD  page_NN  while_CS  Jean_NP  Blanchard_NP  confirmed_VVD  the_AT1  presence_NN  and_CC  actual_JJ  existence_NN  of_IO  all_DB  items_NNS  enumerated_VBN  .  
  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  down_RP  they_PPHS2  hit_VV0  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  ,_,  metaphorically_RR  speaking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  commenced_VVD  to_TO  sink_VV0  fast_RR  .  
  McNaught_NP  said_VVD  boredly_RR  ,_,  
    V1097_ZZ1  .  
  drinking-bowl_NN  ,_,  enamel_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .    
    is_VBZ  zis_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  tapping_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
    V1098_ZZ1  .  
  offog_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  .    
    quoi_&FW  .    asked_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  staring_VBG  .  
    V1098_ZZ1  .  
  offog_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  ,_,    repeated_VVD  McNaught_NP  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  looking_VBG  thunderstruck_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  ship's_NN1$  galley_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  the_AT1  head_JB  cook_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  the_AT1  galley_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  where_CS 's_VBZ  this_DD1  offog_NN  .    
    never_RR  hear_VV0  of_IO  heem_PPHO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  flatly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  on_IO  this_DD1  equipment-sheet_NN  in_IO  plain_JJ  ,_,  clear_JJ  type_NN  .  
  offog_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  ,_,  it_PPH1  says_VBZ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  fitted-out_VBN  four_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  checked_VVD  it_PPH1  ourselves_PPX2  and_CC  signed_VVD  for_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  signed_VVD  for_IO  nossings_PN1  called_VBN  offog_NN  ,_,    Blanchard_NP  denied_VVD  .  
    in_IO  zee_AT1  cuisine_NN  zere_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  such_DA  sing_NN  .    
    look_VV0  !_!    
  McNaught_NP  scowled_VVD  and_CC  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  sheet_NN  .  
  Blanchard_NP  looked_VVD  and_CC  sniffed_VVD  disdainfully_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  here_RL  zee_AT1  electronic_JJ  oven_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  jacketed_JJ  boilers_NNS  ,_,  graduated_JJ  capacities_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  set_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  bain_NN  marie_NN  pans_NNS  ,_,  seex_MC  of_IO  .  
  but_CCB  no_AT1  offog_NN  .  
  never_RR  heard_VBN  of_IO  heem_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  of_IO  heem_PPHO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  spread_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  and_CC  shrugged_VVD  .  
    no_AT1  offog_NN  .    
    there_EX  's_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,    McNaught_NP  insisted_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  ,_,  when_CS Cassidy_NP  arrives_VBZ  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  hell_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  if_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .    
    you_PPY  find_VV0  heem_PPHO1  ,_,    Blanchard_NP  suggested_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  got_VVD  a_AT1  certificate_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  international_JJ  Hotels_NPLS  School_NNL1  of_IO  cookery_NN  .  
  you_PPY  got_VVD  a_AT1  certificate_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Cordon_NP  Bleu_NP  College_NNL1  of_IO  cuisine_NN  .  
  you_PPY  got_VVD  a_AT1  certificate_NN  with_IO  three_MC  credits_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  space-navy_NN  feeding_NN  centre_NN  ,_,    McNaught_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  .  
    all_DB  that_DD1    and_CC  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  an_AT1  offog_NN  is_VBZ  .    
    nom_&FW  d'un_&FW  chien_&FW  !_!    ejaculated_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  waving_VBG  his_APP$  arms_NNS  around_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ten_MC  t'ousand_MC  time_NN  zere_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  offog_NN  .  
  zere_EX  never_RR  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  offog_NN  .  
  Escoffier_NP  heemself_PPX1  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  zee_AT1  offog_NN  of_IO  vich_DDQ  zere_EX  is_VBZ  none_PN1  .  
  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  a_AT1  magician_NN  perhaps_RR  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  culinary_JJ  equipment_NN  ,_,    McNaught_NP  maintained_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  because_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  on_IO  page_NN  nine_MC  .  
  and_CC  page_NN  nine_MC  means_VBZ  its_APP$  proper_JJ  home_NN1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  galley_NN  ,_,  care_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_JB  cook_NN  .    
    like_IO  hail_NN  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,    Blanchard_NP  retorted_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  at_IO  a_AT1  metal_NN  box_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
    intercom_NN  booster_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  zat_DD1  mine_PP$  .    
  McNaught_NP  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  ,_,  conceded_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Burman's_PPIO2  .  
  his_APP$  stuff_NN  rambles_VBZ  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  .    
    zen_RL  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  zis_DD1  offog_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  triumphantly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  yours_PP$  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  his_PP$  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   finish_VV0  this_DD1  checking_NN  first_RR  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  sought_VVD  the_AT1  list_NN  .  
    V1099_ZZ1  .  
  inscribed_JJ  collar_NN  ,_,  leather_NN  ,_,  brass_NN  studded_VBN  ,_,  dog_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  .  
  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  myself_PPX1  five_MC  minutes_NNS  ago_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  ticked_VVD  the_AT1  item_NN  ,_,  continued_VVD  ,_,  
    V1100_ZZ1  .  
  sleeping_NN  basket_NN  ,_,  woven_JJ  reed_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .    
    is_VBZ  zis_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Blanchard_NP  ,_,  kicking_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  .  
    V1101_ZZ1  .  
  cushion_NN  ,_,  foam_NN  rubber_NN  ,_,  to_TO  fit_VV0  sleeping_NN  basket_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  .    
    half_DB  of_IO  ,_,    Blanchard_NP  contradicted_VVD  .  
    in_IO  four_MC  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  chewed_VBN  away_RP  other_DA  half_NN  .    
    maybe_RR  Cassidy_NP  will_VM  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   indent_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  one_MC1  .  **"_**'  the_AT1  captives_NNS  were_VBDR  painful_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  on_IO  .  
  all_DB  had_VHN  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  deformity_NN  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  no_AT1  legs_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  no_AT1  flesh_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  lower_JJ  jaw_NN  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  four_MC  gnarled_JJ  dwarf_NN  arms_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  short_JJ  wings_NNS  of_IO  flesh_NN  connecting_VBG  ear_NN  lobes_NNS  and_CC  thumbs_NNS  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  lived_VVD  perpetually_RR  with_IO  hands_NNS  half_RR  raised_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  boneless_JJ  arms_NNS  trailing_VBG  at_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  and_CC  one_MC1  boneless_JJ  leg_NN  .  
  one_MC1  had_VHD  monstrous_JJ  wings_NNS  which_DDQ  trailed_VVD  about_IO  him_PPHO1  like_IO  a_AT1  carpet_NN  .  
  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  hiding_VBG  his_APP$  ill-shaped_JJ  form_NN  away_RP  behind_IO  a_AT1  screen_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  excrement_NN  ,_,  smearing_VBG  it_PPH1  onto_IO  the_AT1  transparent_JJ  walls_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  cell_NN  .  
  and_CC  one_MC1  had_VHD  a_AT1  second_MD  head_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  wizened_JJ  thing_NN  growing_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  that_PNQS fixed_VVD  Lily-yo_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  malevolent_JJ  eye_NN  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  captive_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  lead_VV0  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  spoke_VVD  now_RL  ,_,  using_VBG  the_AT1  mouth_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  main_JB  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  greet_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  .  
  now_RL  you_PPY  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   because_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  though_CS  your_APP$  wings_NNS  and_CC  your_APP$  scars_NNS  are_VBR  new_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  may_VM  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  Lily-yo_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  three_MC  are_VBR  humans_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  only_RR  flymen_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  will_VM  not_XX  join_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  captives_NNS  grunted_VVD  in_IO  boredom_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  spoke_VVD  again_RR  .  
    always_RR  this_DD1  talk_NN  from_IO  you_PPY  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  joined_VBN  us_PPIO2   .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  flymen_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  human_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  little_DA  ,_,  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  much_DA  .    
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2      
    stop_VV0  your_APP$  stupid_JJ  talk_NN  ,_,  woman_NN  !_!    
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR      
    be_VB0  silent_JJ  ,_,  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  listen_VV0  ,_,    Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  know_VV0  much_DA  ,_,    repeated_VVD  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  .  
    some_DD  things_NNS  we_PPIS2  will_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  all_DB  who_PNQS make_VV0  the_AT1  journey_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  become_VV0  changed_JJ  .  
  some_DD  die_VV0  .  
  most_DA  live_VV0  and_CC  grow_VV0  wings_NNS  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  worlds_NNS  are_VBR  many_DA  strong_JJ  rays_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  seen_VBN  or_CC  felt_VBN  ,_,  which_DDQ  change_VV0  our_APP$  bodies_NNS  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  become_VV0  a_AT1  true_JJ  human_NN  .  
  the_AT1  grub_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tigerfly_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  tigerfly_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  changes_VBZ  .  
  so_RR  humans_NNS  change_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,    Haris_NP  said_VVD  stubbornly_RR  ,_,  throwing_VBG  himself_PPX1  down_RP  .  
  but_CCB  Lily-yo_NP  and_CC  Flor_NP  were_VBDR  listening_VBG  .  
    to_IO  this_DD1  true_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  call_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,    Lily-yo_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  doubtingly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  captive_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  fleshless_JJ  jaw_NN  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  grub_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tigerfly_NN  thinks_VBZ  it_PPH1  dies_VBZ  when_CS it_PPH1  changes_VBZ  into_IO  a_AT1  tigerfly_NN  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  still_RR  young_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  .  
    you_PPY  begin_VV0  newly_RR  here_RL  .  
  where_CS are_VBR  your_APP$  souls_NNS  .    
  Lily-yo_NP  and_CC  Flor_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  in_IO  their_APP$  flight_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  wiltmilt_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  heedlessly_RR  thrown_VBN  down_RP  their_APP$  souls_NNS  .  
  Haris_NP  had_VHD  trampled_VBN  on_IO  his_PP$  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unthinkable_JJ  !_!  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  needed_VVD  them_PPHO1  no_RR  more_RRR  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  still_RR  young_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  babies_NNS  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  babies_NNS  may_VM  be_VB0  born_VBN  with_IO  wings_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  captive_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  boneless_JJ  arms_NNS  added_VVD  ,_,  
    some_DD  may_VM  be_VB0  born_VBN  wrong_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .  
  some_DD  may_VM  be_VB0  born_VBN  right_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  too_RG  foul_JJ  to_TO  live_VV0  !_!    Haris_NP  growled_VVD  .  
    why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  not_XX  killed_VBN  .    
    because_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  all_DB  things_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  said_VVD  .  
  suddenly_RR  his_APP$  second_MD  head_NN  roused_VVD  itself_PPX1  and_CC  declared_VVD  ,_,  
    to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  good_JJ  shape_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  all_DB  in_IO  life_NN  .  
  to_TO  know_VV0  is_VBZ  also_RR  good_JJ  .  
  because_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  move_VV0  well_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM    think_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  tribe_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  and_CC  knows_VBZ  these_DD2  things_NNS  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  lets_VBZ  us_PPIO2   rule_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Flor_NP  and_CC  Lily-yo_NP  muttered_VVD  together_RR  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  say_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  poor_JJ  captives_NNS  rule_VV0  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  .    Lily-yo_NP  asked_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  .    
    then_RL  why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  captives_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  flyman_NN  with_IO  ear_NN  lobes_NNS  and_CC  thumbs_NNS  connected_VBN  ,_,  making_VBG  his_APP$  perpetual_JJ  little_JJ  gesture_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  ,_,  spoke_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
    to_TO  rule_VV0  is_VBZ  to_TO  serve_VV0  ,_,  woman_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS bear_VV0  power_NN  are_VBR  slaves_NNS  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  only_RR  an_AT1  outcast_NN  is_VBZ  free_JJ  .  
  because_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  captives_NNS  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  talk_VV0  and_CC  think_VV0  and_CC  plan_VV0  and_CC  know_VV0  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS know_VV0  command_VV0  the_AT1  knives_NNS  of_IO  others_DA2  .    
    no_AT1  hurt_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Lily-yo_NP  ,_,    Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  added_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  live_VV0  among_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  enjoy_VV0  your_APP$  life_NN  free_JJ  from_IO  harm_NN  .    
    no_UH  !_!    the_AT1  Chief_NNSB1  captive_NN  said_VVD  with_IO  both_DB2  mouths_NNS  .  
    before_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  enjoy_VV0  ,_,  Lily-yo_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  companion_NN  Flor_NP    this_DD1  other_DA  man_NN  creature_NN  is_VBZ  plainly_RR  useless_JJ    must_VM  help_VV0  our_APP$  great_JJ  plan_NN  .    
    the_AT1  invasion_NN  .    Bondi_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  else_RR  .  
  Flor_NP  and_CC  Lily-yo_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  arrive_VV0  here_RL  at_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  time_NN  .  
  memories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  savage_JJ  life_NN  are_VBR  still_RR  fresh_JJ  in_IO  you_PPY  .  
  we_PPIS2  need_VV0  such_DA  memories_NNS  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  there_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  plan_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  .    
    go_VV0  back_RP  .    gasped_VVD  Flor_NP  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  we_PPIS2  plan_VV0  to_TO  attack_VV0  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  lead_VV0  our_APP$  force_NN  .    
  6_MC  .  
  the_AT1  long_JJ  afternoon_NN  of_IO  eternity_NN  wore_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  that_DD1  long_JJ  golden_JJ  road_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  afternoon_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  somewhere_RR  lead_VV0  to_IO  everlasting_JJ  night_NN  .  
  motion_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  ,_,  but_CCB  motion_NN  without_IO  event_NN    except_IO  for_II  those_DD2  negligible_JJ  events_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  so_RG  large_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  creatures_NNS  participating_VBG  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  Lily-yo_NP  ,_,  Flor_NP  and_CC  Haris_NP  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  events_NNS  .  
  chief_JB  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  learned_VVD  to_TO  fly_VV0  properly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  pains_NNS  associated_VBN  with_IO  their_APP$  wings_NNS  soon_RR  died_VVD  away_RP  as_CS  the_AT1  wonderful_JJ  new_JJ  flesh_NN  and_CC  tendon_NN  strengthened_VVD  .  
  to_TO  sail_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  light_JJ  gravity_NN  became_VVD  an_AT1  increasing_JJ  delight_NN    the_AT1  ugly_JJ  flopping_JJ  movements_NNS  of_IO  flymen_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  place_NN  here_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  learned_VVD  to_TO  fly_VV0  in_IO  packs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  hunt_VV0  in_IO  packs_NNS  .  
  in_IO  time_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  trained_VBN  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  captives'_NN2  plan_NN  .  
  the_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  accidents_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  first_RR  delivered_VBN  humans_NNS  to_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  in_IO  burnurns_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  fortunate_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  growing_VBG  more_RG  fortunate_JJ  as_CS  millennia_NNS  tolled_VVD  away_RP  .  
  for_CS  gradually_RR  the_AT1  humans_NNS  adapted_VVD  better_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  .  
  their_APP$  survival_NN  factor_NN  became_VVD  greater_JJ  ,_,  their_APP$  power_NN  surer_JJ  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  this_DD1  as_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  conditions_NNS  grew_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  adverse_JJ  to_IO  anything_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  giant_JB  vegetables_NNS  .  
  Lily-yo_NP  at_RR  least_RR  was_VBDZ  quick_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  easier_JJ  life_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  these_DD2  new_JJ  conditions_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  with_IO  Flor_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  dozen_MC  others_DA2  eating_VBG  pulped_JJ  pluggyrugg_NN  ,_,  before_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  the_AT1  captives'_NN2  bidding_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  all_DB  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  .  
    here_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  safe_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  indicating_VBG  the_AT1  whole_JJ  green_JJ  land_NN  that_PNQS sweltered_VVD  under_IO  the_AT1  silver_JJ  network_NN  of_IO  webs_NNS  .  
    except_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  tigerflies_NNS  ,_,    Flor_NP  agreed_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  rested_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  bare_JJ  peak_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  air_NN  was_VBDZ  thin_JJ  and_CC  even_RR  the_AT1  giant_JB  creepers_NNS  had_VHD  not_XX  climbed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  turbulent_JJ  green_NN  stretched_VVD  away_RP  below_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  almost_RR  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  earth_NN    although_CS  here_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  continually_RR  checked_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  circular_JJ  formations_NNS  of_IO  rock_NN  .  
    this_DD1  world_NN  is_VBZ  smaller_JJ  ,_,    Lily-yo_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  again_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  Flor_NP  know_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    here_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  much_RR  bigger_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  not_XX  need_VV0  to_TO  fight_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  .    
    soon_RR  we_PPIS2  must_VM  fight_VV0  .    
    then_RL  we_PPIS2  can_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  here_RL  again_RR  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  with_IO  nothing_PN1  so_RG  savage_JJ  and_CC  with_IO  not_XX  so_RG  many_DA  enemies_NNS  .  
  here_RL  the_AT1  groups_NNS  could_VM  live_VV0  without_IO  so_RG  much_DA  fear_NN  .  
  Veggy_NP  and_CC  Toy_NP  and_CC  May_NP  and_CC  Gren_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  little_JJ  ones_CD1S  would_VM  like_VV0  it_PPH1  here_RL  .    
    they_PPHS2  would_VM  miss_VV0  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .    
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  soon_RR  miss_VV0  the_AT1  trees_NNS  no_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  wings_NNS  instead_RR  .    
  this_DD1  idle_JJ  talk_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  unmoving_JJ  shadow_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rock_NN  .  
  overhead_RR  ,_,  silver_JJ  blobs_NNS  against_IO  a_AT1  purple_JJ  sky_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  transversers_NNS  went_VVD  ,_,  walking_VBG  their_APP$  networks_NNS  ,_,  descending_VBG  only_RR  occasionally_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  celeries_NNS  far_RR  below_II  .  
  as_CS  Lily-yo_NP  fell_VVD  to_IO  watching_VBG  these_DD2  creatures_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grand_JJ  plan_NN  the_AT1  captives_NNS  had_VHD  hatched_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  flicked_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  vivid_JJ  pictures_NNS  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  captives_NNS  knew_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  could_VM  see_VV0  ahead_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  .  
  she_PPHO1  and_CC  those_DD2  about_IO  her_PPHO1  had_VHD  lived_VBN  like_IO  plants_NNS  ,_,  doing_VBG  what_DDQ  came_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  captives_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  plants_NNS  .  
  from_IO  their_APP$  cells_NNS  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  those_DD2  outside_JB  outside_JB  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  captives_NNS  saw_VVD  :_:  that_CS  the_AT1  few_DA  humans_NNS  who_PNQS reached_VVD  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  bore_VVD  few_DA  children_NNS  ,_,  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  old_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  because_CS  the_AT1  rays_NNS  that_PNQS made_VVD  their_APP$  wings_NNS  grow_VV0  made_VVD  their_APP$  seeds_NNS  die_VV0  :_:  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  here_RL  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  still_RR  with_IO  more_DA  humans_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  one_MC1  way_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  more_DA  humans_NNS  here_RL  was_VBDZ  to_TO  bring_VV0  babies_NNS  and_CC  children_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  world_NN  .  
  for_IO  countless_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  done_VBN  .  
  brave_JJ  flymen_NNS  had_VHD  travelled_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  other_DA  world_NN  and_CC  stolen_VBN  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  flymen_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  attacked_VBN  Lily-yo's_PPIO2  group_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  climb_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  tips_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  that_DD1  mission_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  taken_VBN  Bain_NP  to_TO  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  in_IO  burnurns_NNS    and_CC  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  heard_VBN  of_IO  since_II  .  
  many_DA  perils_NNS  and_CC  mischances_NNS  lay_VVD  in_IO  that_DD1  long_JJ  double_JJ  journey_NN  .  
  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS set_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  few_DA  returned_VVD  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  captives_NNS  had_VHD  thought_VBN  of_IO  a_AT1  better_JJ  and_CC  more_RG  daring_JJ  scheme_NN  .  
    here_RL  comes_VBZ  a_AT1  traverser_NN  ,_,    Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  said_VVD  .  
    let_VV0  us_PPIO2   be_VB0  ready_JJ  to_TO  move_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  before_IO  the_AT1  pack_NN  of_IO  twelve_MC  flyers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  chosen_VBN  for_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  attempt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  leader_NN  .  
  Lily-yo_NP  ,_,  Flo_NP  and_CC  Haris_NP  were_VBDR  in_IO  support_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  together_RR  with_IO  eight_MC  others_DA2  ,_,  three_MC  male_NN  ,_,  five_MC  female_NN  .  
  only_RR  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  carried_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  world_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  .  
  slowly_RR  the_AT1  pack_NN  stood_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  stretching_VBG  their_APP$  wings_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  great_JJ  adventure_NN  was_VBDZ  here_RL  .  
  yet_RR  they_PPHS2  felt_VVD  little_DA  fear_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  look_VV0  ahead_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  captives_NNS  did_VDD  ,_,  except_IO  perhaps_RR  for_IO  Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  and_CC  Lily-yo_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  strengthened_VVD  her_APP$  will_NN  by_IO  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  .    
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  all_DB  spread_VVD  their_APP$  arms_NNS  wide_RR  and_CC  soared_VVD  off_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  traverser_NN  .  
  the_AT1  traverser_NN  had_VHD  eaten_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  caught_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  its_APP$  most_RG  tasty_JJ  enemies_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  tigerfly_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  web_NN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  sucked_VBN  it_PPH1  till_CS  only_RR  a_AT1  shell_NN  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  .  
  now_RL  it_PPH1  sank_VVD  down_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  bed_NN  of_IO  celeries_NNS  ,_,  crushing_VBG  them_PPHO1  under_IO  its_APP$  great_JJ  bulk_NN  .  
  gently_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  began_VVD  to_TO  bud_VV0  .  
  afterwards_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  head_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  black_JJ  gulfs_NNS  ,_,  where_CS heat_NN  and_CC  radiance_NN  called_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  born_VBN  on_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  .  
  being_VBG  young_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  never_RR  yet_RR  made_VBN  that_DD1  dreaded_VVD  ,_,  desired_VBN  journey_NN  .  
  its_APP$  buds_NNS  burst_VVD  up_RP  from_IO  its_APP$  back_NN  ,_,  hung_VVD  over_RP  ,_,  popped_VVD  ,_,  fell_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  and_CC  scurried_VVD  away_RP  to_TO  bury_VV0  themselves_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  pulp_NN  and_CC  dirt_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  might_VM  begin_VV0  their_APP$  ten_MC  thousand_MC  years'_NN2  growth_NN  in_IO  peace_NN  .  
  young_JJ  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  the_AT1  traverser_NN  was_VBDZ  sick_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  enemy_NN  tigerfly_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  its_APP$  vast_JJ  bulk_NN  held_VVD  little_DA  sensation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  twelve_MC  humans_NNS  glided_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  landed_VVD  on_IO  its_APP$  back_NN  ,_,  low_RR  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  abdomen_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  position_NN  hidden_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  creature's_NN1$  cluster_NN  of_IO  eyes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  sank_VVD  among_IO  the_AT1  tough_JJ  shoulder-high_JJ  fibres_NNS  that_PNQS served_VVD  the_AT1  traverser_NN  as_IO  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  ray-plane_NN  swooped_VVD  overhead_RR  and_CC  disappeared_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  trio_NN  of_IO  tumbleweeds_NNS  skittered_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  fibres_NNS  and_CC  were_VBDR  seen_VBN  no_RR  more_RRR  .  
  all_DB  was_VBDZ  as_RG  quiet_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  lay_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  deserted_JJ  hill_NN  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  they_PPHS2  spread_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  moved_VVD  along_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  heads_NNS  down_RP  ,_,  eyes_NNS  searching_VBG  ,_,  Band_NP  Appa_NP  Bondi_NP  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  ,_,  Lily-yo_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  body_NN  was_VBDZ  streaked_VBN  and_CC  pitted_VBN  and_CC  scarred_VBN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  progress_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  fibre_NN  grew_VVD  in_IO  patterns_NNS  of_IO  different_JJ  shades_NNS  ,_,  green_JJ  ,_,  yellow_JJ  ,_,  black_JJ  ,_,  breaking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  traverser's_NN1$  bulk_NN  when_CS seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  ,_,  serving_VBG  it_PPH1  as_IO  natural_JJ  camouflage_NN  .  
  in_IO  many_DA  places_NNS  ,_,  tough_JJ  parasitic_JJ  plants_NNS  had_VHD  rooted_VBN  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  drawing_VBG  their_APP$  nourishment_NN  entirely_RR  from_IO  their_APP$  host_NN  ;_;  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  would_VM  die_VV0  when_CS the_AT1  traverser_NN  launched_VVD  itself_PPX1  out_RP  between_IO  worlds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  humans_NNS  worked_VVD  hard_RR  .  
  once_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  thrown_VBN  flat_RR  when_CS the_AT1  traverser_NN  changed_VVD  position_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  slope_NN  down_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  grew_VVD  steeper_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  progress_NN  became_VVD  more_RG  slow_JJ  .  
    here_RL  !_!    cried_VVD  Y_NP  Coyin_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  sought_VVD  ,_,  what_DDQ  the_AT1  captives_NNS  sent_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  seek_VV0  .  
  clustering_VBG  round_IO  Y_NP  Coyin_NP  with_IO  their_APP$  knives_NNS  out_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  pack_NN  looked_VVD  down_RP  .  
  here_RL  the_AT1  fibres_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  neatly_RR  champed_VBN  away_RP  in_IO  swathes_NNS  ,_,  leaving_VBG  a_AT1  bare_JJ  patch_NN  as_RG  far_RR  across_RP  as_CS  a_AT1  human_NN  was_VBDZ  long_JJ  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  patch_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  round_JJ  scab_NN  .  
  Lily-yo_NP  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  immensely_RR  hard_JJ  .  
  Lo_NP  Jint_NP  put_VVD  his_APP$  ear_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  silence_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  at_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  no_AT1  signal_NN  was_VBDZ  needed_VBN  ,_,  none_PN1  given_VBN  .  
  together_RR  they_PPHS2  knelt_VVD  ,_,  prising_VBG  with_IO  their_APP$  knives_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  scab_NN  .  
  once_RR  the_AT1  traverser_NN  moved_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  threw_VVD  themselves_PPX2  flat_RR  .  
  Alastair_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bachelor_NN  .  
  all_DB  his_APP$  life_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  inclined_VBN  to_TO  regard_VV0  women_NNS  as_IO  something_PN1  which_DDQ  must_VM  necessarily_RR  be_VB0  subordinated_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  entrusting_VBG  not_XX  only_RR  his_APP$  own_DA  life_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Geoffrey's_PPIO2  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  girl_NN  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  met_VBN  and_CC  on_IO  whom_WPO  after_IO  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  telephone_NN  calls_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  place_VV0  complete_JJ  reliance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  novel_JJ  experience_NN  .  
  Alastair_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  unable_JJ  to_TO  explain_VV0  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  feel_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  confidence_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  once_RR  again_RR  she_PPHO1  checked_VVD  back_RP  her_APP$  instructions_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  fail_VV0  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  the_AT1  faith_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  placing_VBG  in_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  .  
    good_JJ  luck_NN  ,_,  air_NN  Marshal_NNSB1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  gently_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Roma_NP  at_IO  six_MC  this_DD1  evening_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  meeting_VBG  you_PPY  both_DB2  at_IO  midnight_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  arranging_VBG  a_AT1  supper_NN  party_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  rang_VVD  off_RP  .  
  Alastair_NP  admitted_VVD  that_CS  never_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  not_XX  altogether_RR  uneventful_JJ  life_NN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  come_VBN  across_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS sounded_VVD  so_RG  charming_JJ  and_CC  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  efficient_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  meeting_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  chapter_NN  ten_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  moonlight_NN  night_NN  ;_;  there_EX  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  no_AT1  cloud_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  50,000_MC  feet_NNS  northern_JJ  Italy_NP  strikingly_RR  resembled_VVD  the_AT1  great_JJ  relief_NN  map_NN  which_DDQ  covers_VBZ  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  Europe_NP  briefing_NN  room_NN  at_IO  \0NATO_NP  headquarters_NN  .  
  seated_VBN  beside_IO  Alastair_NP  ,_,  lulled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  uncanny_JJ  silence_NN  of_IO  supersonic_JJ  flight_NN  ,_,  Geoffrey_NP  could_VM  imagine_VV0  himself_PPX1  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  upper_JB  galleries_NNS  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  the_AT1  orderlies_NNS  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  to_TO  switch_VV0  on_RP  the_AT1  lights_NNS  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  colour_NN    physical_JJ  features_NNS  were_VBDR  distinguishable_JJ  solely_RR  by_IO  gradations_NNS  of_IO  silvery_JJ  greyness_NN  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  snow-capped_JJ  summit_NN  of_IO  Mont_NP  Blanc_NP  ,_,  seven_MC  miles_NNS  below_II  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  recognisable_JJ  among_IO  the_AT1  host_NN  of_IO  lower_JJ  peaks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  screen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  air-to-air_JB  radar_NN  glowed_VVD  .  
  occasionally_RR  minute_JJ  spots_NNS  flickered_VVD  across_IO  its_APP$  surface_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  permanent_JJ  image_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sky_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  deserted_VBN  .  
  Alastair_NP  leant_VVD  across_RP  and_CC  pressed_VVD  a_AT1  switch_NN  .  
  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  red_JJ  light_NN  sprang_VVD  into_IO  life_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  fade_VV0  as_CS  the_AT1  screen_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  radar_NN  scanner_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  operation_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  ground_NN  definition_NN  unit_NN  .  
  although_CS  Geoffrey_NP  had_VHD  relatively_RR  little_DA  experience_NN  of_IO  interpreting_VBG  radar_NN  pictures_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  land_NN  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  exceptional_JJ  clarity_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  even_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  direct_JJ  comparison_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  radar_NN  image_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  ground_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  ahead_RR  lay_VVD  the_AT1  Plain_NNL1  of_IO  Lombardy_NP  ;_;  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  ,_,  Turin_NP  ;_;  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  ,_,  Milan_NP  .  
  the_AT1  directional_JJ  angle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scanner_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  adjusted_VBN  to_TO  cover_VV0  any_DD  particular_JJ  area_NN  within_IO  its_APP$  range_NN  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  turned_VVD  the_AT1  scale_NN  slowly_RR  to_TO  cover_VV0  the_AT1  ground_NN  immediately_RR  ahead_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  pick_VV0  out_RP  towns_NNS  ,_,  unrecognisable_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  naked_JJ  eye_NN  ,_,  obscured_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  haze_NN  which_DDQ  even_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  clearest_JJT  night_NN  limited_VVD  angular_JJ  vision_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  recorder_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  almost_RR  incredible_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  white_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  8.5_MC  against_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  needle_NN  was_VBDZ  resting_VBG  could_VM  really_RR  mean_VV0  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  knots_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  flying_VBG  at_IO  more_DA  than_IO  975_MC  miles_NNS  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  or_CC  nearly_RR  Mach_NP  1.3_MC  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  modern_JJ  jargon_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  massive_JJ  cooling_NN  plant_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  excessive_JJ  heat_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  the_AT1  nature_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  silence_NN  changed_VVD  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  fifty-odd_JB  minutes_NNS  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  left_VBN  Boscombe_NP  Down_NNL1  ,_,  Geoffrey_NP  had_VHD  become_VBN  so_RR  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  unbroken_JJ  note_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  engines_NNS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  no_RR  longer_RRR  audible_JJ  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  as_CS  Alastair_NP  reduced_VVD  the_AT1  thrust_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pitch_NN  changed_VBN  as_CS  the_AT1  nose_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  dipped_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  needle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  speed_NN  recorder_NN  swung_VVD  gently_RR  through_IO  8.0_MC  ,_,  7.0_MC  ,_,  6.0_MC  before_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  rest_NN  at_IO  5.0_MC  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  a_AT1  bit_NN  ahead_RR  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Alastair_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  run_VV0  in_RP  on_IO  minimum_NN  engine_NN  power_NN  .    
  Geoffrey_NP  smiled_VVD  .  
  Alastair_NP  talked_VVD  of_IO  running_VBG  in_RP  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  more_DA  than_IO  four_MC  hundred_MC  miles_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  destination_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  nearing_VBG  Modena_NP  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  focused_VVD  the_AT1  radar_NN  scanner_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  bridge_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Po_NP  ,_,  barely_RR  forty_MC  miles_NNS  to_IO  port_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  trace_VV0  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  route_NN  of_IO  N12_ZZ1  ,_,  along_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  motored_VBN  so_RG  desperately_RR  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  earlier_RRR  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  flown_VBN  to_IO  England_NP  ,_,  attended_VBN  the_AT1  vital_JJ  conference_NN  in_IO  Bruce_NP  Denton's_PPIO2  office_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  whisked_VBN  by_IO  special_JJ  helicopter_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Horse_NP  Guards_NP  Parade_NNL1  to_IO  Boscombe_NP  Down_NNL1  ,_,  slept_VBN  for_IO  six_MC  blessed_JJ  refreshing_JJ  hours_NNS  and_CC  had_VHD  now_RL  completed_VBN  two-thirds_MC2  of_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  where_CS every_AT1  indication_NN  pointed_VVD  to_IO  Eve_NP  being_VBG  held_VBN  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  set_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  consider_VV0  the_AT1  movements_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Bentley_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  passed_VBN  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  temporary_JJ  bridge_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  Tartaro_NP  at_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  past_IO  ten_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  distance_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  presumption_NN  that_CS  its_APP$  route_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  through_IO  Florence_NP  and_CC  Rome_NP  and_CC  then_RL  across_IO  Italy_NP  via_IO  Foggia_NP  to_IO  Barletta_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  just_RR  over_RR  six_MC  hundred_MC  miles_NNS  .  
  provided_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  stop_VV0  (_(  and_CC  with_IO  Eve_NP  unconscious_JJ    or_CC  worse_JJ    they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  anxious_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  attracting_VBG  attention_NN  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  they_PPHS2  drove_VVD  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  roads_NNS  would_VM  permit_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  hope_VV0  to_TO  reach_VV0  Barletta_NP  before_IO  midday_NN  .  
  magnificent_JJ  as_CS  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  performance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Bentley_NP  ,_,  Geoffrey_NP  doubted_VVD  whether_CS  on_IO  the_AT1  route_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  chosen_VBN  ,_,  involving_VBG  a_AT1  double_JJ  crossing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Apennines_NP2    once_RR  at_IO  Raticosa_NP  over_IO  the_AT1  Futa_NP  Pass_NNL1  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  near_IO  Campobasso_NP    anyone_PN1  could_VM  maintain_VV0  the_AT1  average_NN  of_IO  forty_MC  miles_NNS  an_AT1  hour_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  necessary_JJ  .  
  far_RR  more_RG  probable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  travel_VV0  more_RG  leisurely_RR  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  they_PPHS2  could_VM  have_VH0  bound_VBN  and_CC  gagged_VBN  her_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  provided_CS  no_PN1  one_PN  examined_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  hidden_VBN  under_IO  the_AT1  rug_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  might_VM  get_VV0  by_RP  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  could_VM  hardly_RR  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  while_CS  they_PPHS2  rested_VVD  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  probability_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  would_VM  drive_VV0  continuously_RR  ,_,  only_RR  stopping_VBG  for_IO  fuel_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  to_TO  purchase_VV0  snacks_NNS  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  drink_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  not_XX  reach_VV0  Foggia_NP  until_CS  late_RR  at_IO  night_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  even_RR  conceivable_JJ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  arrive_VV0  before_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  forced_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  consider_VV0  another_DD1  possible_JJ  alternative_NN  .  
  Eve_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  dead_JJ  .  
  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  why_CS had_VHD  they_PPHS2  troubled_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  her_APP$  body_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  from_IO  Trento_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  places_NNS  between_IO  Trento_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Po_NP  where_CS they_PPHS2  could_VM  have_VH0  dumped_VBN  her_APP$  body_NN  without_IO  fear_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  being_VBG  prematurely_RR  discovered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  used_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  himself_PPX1  to_TO  dispose_VV0  of_IO  Stefano_NP  and_CC  Pietro_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  determined_VVD  to_TO  act_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  assumption_NN  that_CS  Eve_NP  was_VBDZ  alive_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  imagine_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Italians_NP2  would_VM  do_VD0  next_RR  .  
  their_APP$  final_JJ  objective_NN  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  to_TO  deliver_VV0  Eve_NP  to_IO  Herring's_PPIO2  headquarters_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  information_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gleaned_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  morning's_NN1$  conference_NN  and_CC  of_IO  Gloria_NP  Falcon's_PPIO2  story_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  somewhere_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Gargano_NP  Massif_NP  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  assuming_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  ,_,  for_IO  Peter_NP  Lambert's_PPIO2  injuries_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  abduction_NN  of_IO  Eve_NP  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  person_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  Herring_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  deductions_NNS  on_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  planning_VBG  might_VM  be_VB0  false_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  captured_VBN  Eve_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  taken_VBN  her_PPHO1  anywhere_RR  but_CS  to_IO  Barletta_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  speculate_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  innumerable_JJ  alternatives_NNS  was_VBDZ  to_TO  invite_VV0  confusion_NN  .  
  far_RR  better_JJ  to_TO  adhere_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  course_NN  which_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  present_JJ  knowledge_NN  seemed_VVD  most_RG  probable_JJ  ,_,  while_CS  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  keeping_VBG  keenly_RR  alert_JJ  for_IO  any_DD  additional_JJ  information_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  of_IO  help_NN  .  
  Gloria_NP  Falcon_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  key_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  operation_NN  .  
  on_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  could_VM  report_VV0  of_IO  her_APP$  conversation_NN  with_IO  Peter_NP  Lambert_NP  depended_VVD  ultimate_JJ  success_NN  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  no_AT1  contact_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  but_CCB  Alastair_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  developed_VBN  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  admiration_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  intelligence_NN  .  
  during_IO  the_AT1  earlier_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  flight_NN  from_IO  Boscombe_NP  Down_NNL1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  repeated_VBN  the_AT1  gist_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  third_MD  conversation_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Gloria_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Roma_NP  when_CS punctually_RR  at_IO  6_MC  the_AT1  call_NN  from_IO  Alastair_NP  came_VVD  through_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  all_DB  and_CC  more_DA  than_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Lancia_NP  Rapido_NP    just_RR  the_AT1  car_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  :_:  fast_JJ  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  performance_NN  over_IO  rough_JJ  going_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  examined_VBN  every_AT1  inch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  runway_NN  and_CC  found_VBN  it_PPH1  quite_RR  serviceable_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  ,_,  as_CS  Alastair_NP  had_VHD  feared_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  landing_NN  area_NN  was_VBDZ  obstructed_VBN  by_IO  grazing_JJ  cattle_NNS  .  
  Gloria_NP  had_VHD  visited_VBN  the_AT1  farmer_NN  ,_,  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  that_CS  a_AT1  high-level_JB  inspecting_JJ  officer_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  Italian_JJ  ministry_NN  of_IO  aviation_NN  was_VBDZ  proposing_VBG  to_TO  land_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  strip_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  his_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  to_TO  allow_VV0  his_APP$  cattle_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  cause_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  Gloria_NP  had_VHD  laughed_VBN  when_CS she_PPHO1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  how_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  accounted_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  impending_JJ  visit_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  official_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  ministry_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  hinted_VVD  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    that_CS  he_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  having_VHG  an_AT1  affaire_NN  and_CC  only_RR  by_IO  making_VBG  this_DD1  desperate_JJ  landing_NN  at_IO  night_NN  could_VM  he_PPHO1  avoid_VV0  the_AT1  suspicions_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  every_AT1  Italian_NN1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  romantic_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  promised_VVD  that_CS  nothing_PN1  should_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  increase_VV0  the_AT1  danger_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  meeting_NN  .    
  Gloria_NP  emphasised_VVD  that_CS  even_RR  a_AT1  slight_JJ  mishap_NN  would_VM  draw_VV0  attention_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  and_CC  would_VM  be_VB0  disastrous_JJ  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  her_PPHO1  but_CCB  for_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  significantly_RR  ,_,  for_IO  those_DD2  responsible_JJ  for_IO  obstructing_VBG  the_AT1  runway_NN  .  
  within_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  the_AT1  strip_NN  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  clear_JJ  ;_;  a_AT1  horde_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  farmer's_NN1$  family_NN  and_CC  all_DB  his_APP$  workpeople_NNS  hastened_VVD  to_TO  remove_VV0  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  but_CCB  every_AT1  trace_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  Gloria_NP  admitted_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  intended_VBN  to_TO  initiate_VV0  quite_RR  so_RG  much_DA  activity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  once_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_APP$  story_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  back_RP  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  arranged_VBN  ,_,    concluded_VVD  Alastair_NP  ,_,    for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  car_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS the_AT1  14-kilometre_JB  stone_NN  track_NN  meets_VBZ  the_AT1  runway_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  about_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  southern_JJ  end_NN  ;_;  so_CS  that_CS  if_CS  all_DB  goes_VBZ  well_RR  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  quite_RR  near_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  Geoffrey_NP  was_VBDZ  impressed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  efficiency_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  Alastair_NP  managed_VVD  to_TO  surround_VV0  himself_PPX1  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  service_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  ruthless_JJ  to_IO  incompetence_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seldom_RR  had_VHD  any_DD  difficulty_NN  in_IO  recruiting_VBG  precisely_RR  the_AT1  staff_NN  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  possessed_VVD  the_AT1  strange_JJ  gift_NN  of_IO  leadership_NN  which_DDQ  enabled_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  imbue_VV0  even_RR  an_AT1  unknown_JJ  film_NN  actress_NN  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  qualities_NNS  of_IO  efficiency_NN  and_CC  decision_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_RR  course_RR  among_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  officers_NNS  .  
  Geoffrey_NP  remembered_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  famous_JJ  field_NN  marshal_NN  ,_,  inclined_VBN  to_TO  pontificate_VV0  ,_,  had_VHD  once_RR  stated_VBN  that_CS  a_AT1  headquarters_NN  staff_NN  reflected_VVD  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  commander_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  apply_VV0  to_IO  Alastair_NP  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  \0N.F.E_NP  67_MC  was_VBDZ  losing_VBG  height_NN  more_RG  rapidly_RR  .  
  Alastair_NP  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  final_JJ  approach_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  airstrip_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  low_JJ  level_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  coast_NN  a_DA  few_DA  miles_NNS  south_NN1  of_IO  Ancona_NP  and_CC  almost_RR  immediately_RR  made_VVD  a_AT1  steep_JJ  turn_NN  to_IO  starboard_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  flying_VBG  at_IO  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  about_RR  five_MC  miles_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  bet_VV0  the_AT1  radar_NN  boys_NNS  are_VBR  worried_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  lost_VBN  us_PPIO2   by_IO  now_RL  and_CC  will_VM  be_VB0  wondering_VBG  where_CS we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_IO  .    
  Geoffrey_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  eighteen_MC  minutes_NNS  to_IO  midnight_NN  ;_;  just_RR  one_MC1  hundred_MC  and_CC  seven_MC  minutes_NNS  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  left_VBN  Boscombe_NP  Down_NNL1  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  land_VV0  in_IO  five_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,    Alastair_NP  announced_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  be_VB0  as_RG  quick_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  .  
  chuck_VV0  your_APP$  flying_NN  kit_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  aircraft_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  get_VV0  weaving_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  sooner_RRR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  show_VV0  up_RP  on_IO  their_APP$  radar_NN  screens_NNS  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  hush-hush_JB  job_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  create_VV0  alarm_NN  and_CC  despondency_NN  by_IO  giving_VBG  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  skipped_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  curtain_NN  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  spotted_VVD  us_PPIO2   flying_VBG  due_RR  east_NN1  over_IO  Ancona_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  ideas_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  landing_NN  was_VBDZ  easier_JJ  than_CS  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  dared_VBN  to_TO  hope_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  landing_NN  strip_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  helped_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  spring-cleaning_NN  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  undergone_VBN  during_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  shone_VVD  like_IO  black_JJ  glass_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  .  
  Alastair_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  very_RG  fast_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  within_IO  less_DA  than_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  mile_NN  the_AT1  machine_NN  rolled_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  cut_VVD  the_AT1  engines_NNS  and_CC  flung_VVD  open_JJ  the_AT1  canopy_NN  .  chapter_NN  16_MC  .  
  darkness_NN  had_VHD  descended_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  curtain_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  docked_VVD  at_IO  Belleray_NP  .  
  and_CC  though_CS  Guy_NP  ,_,  made_VBN  nervous_JJ  by_IO  Beryl's_PPIO2  silence_NN  ,_,  drove_VVD  at_IO  reckless_JJ  speed_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  Villa_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  evident_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  party_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  Piers_NP  came_VVD  strolling_VBG  out_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  Deanes_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  Guy_NP  had_VHD  driven_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  invited_VVD  them_PPHO1  casually_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  flat_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  to_IO  Beryl_NP  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  anti-climax_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  vengeance_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  with_IO  violent_JJ  reproaches_NNS    and_CC  here_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bland_JJ  and_CC  smiling_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  long_RR  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  mood_NN  was_VBDZ  less_RG  pleasant_JJ  than_CS  appeared_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  nonchalantly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  veranda_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  liberty_NN  of_IO  asking_VBG  Jack_NP    as_IO  a_AT1  representative_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Vallin_NP  family_NN    to_TO  come_VV0  over_RP  and_CC  make_VV0  the_AT1  presentation_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  stead_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  just_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  airport_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  Blanche_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  asked_VBN  him_PPHO1  last_DA  night_NN  to_TO  deputise_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  fetch_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  too_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  both_DB2  here_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  back_RP  from_IO  Barbados_NP  so_RG  soon_RR  .    
  Beryl_NP  said_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  that_PNQS came_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  !_!    
  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  casual_JJ  tone_NN  ,_,  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  returning_VBG  to_IO  her_APP$  family_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  friends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  manager_NN  ,_,  just_RR  this_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  Belleray_NP  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Deane_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  comment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Beryl_NP  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  sort_VV0  things_NNS  out_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  that_CS  beneath_IO  his_APP$  unnaturally_RR  smooth_VV0  exterior_NN  Piers_NP  was_VBDZ  simmering_VBG  with_IO  anger_NN  against_IO  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  doubt_NN  .  
  but_CCB  had_VHD  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  cause_NN  for_IO  anger_NN  too_RR  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  acted_VBN  within_IO  his_APP$  rights_NNS  in_IO  inviting_VBG  Jack_NP  Vallin_NP  to_TO  act_VV0  on_IO  her_APP$  behalf_NN  ,_,  in_IO  having_VHG  Blanche_NP  there_RL    not_XX  doing_VBG  the_AT1  honours_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  white_JJ  woman_NN  of_IO  position_NN  .  
  be_VB0  this_DD1  as_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  ,_,  she_PPHO1  must_VM  on_IO  no_AT1  account_NN  show_VV0  resentment_NN  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  greeted_VVD  Jack_NP  and_CC  Blanche_NP  with_IO  friendly_JJ  courtesy_NN  ,_,  thanking_VBG  Jack_NP  warmly_RR  for_IO  coming_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  explaining_VBG  as_CS  best_RBT  she_PPHO1  could_VM  how_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  obliged_VBN  to_TO  miss_VV0  the_AT1  celebrations_NNS  .  
  Jack_NP  and_CC  Blanche_NP  were_VBDR  quick_JJ  to_TO  sympathise_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  express_VV0  their_APP$  disgust_NN  at_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  abominable_JJ  treatment_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  guests_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  Piers_NP  remained_VVD  aloof_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS Beryl_NP  suggested_VVD  having_VHG  a_AT1  second_MD  party_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  following_JJ  week_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  poured_VVD  cold_JJ  water_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  project_NN  .  
  everyone_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  declared_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  thoroughly_RR  good_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  take_VV0  them_PPHO1  nearly_RR  to_IO  next_DA  week_NN  to_TO  settle_VV0  down_RP  again_RR  .  
  meanwhile_RR  Hubert_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  betaken_VBN  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  well-earned_JJ  gratuity_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  native_JJ  village_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  over_RP  and_CC  done_VBN  with_II  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  being_VBG  Beryl_NP  was_VBDZ  content_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  at_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  resolved_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  it_PPH1  out_RP  with_IO  Piers_NP  when_CS a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  opportunity_NN  presented_VVD  itself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  learn_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  treat_VV0  her_PPHO1  with_IO  injustice_NN  and_CC  contempt_NN  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  her_APP$  explanations_NNS  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  schoolmaster_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  ignorant_JJ  child_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  any_DD  private_JJ  conversation_NN  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS Blanche_NP  and_CC  Jack_NP  left_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  next_DA  morning_NN  she_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  jeep_NN    to_TO  find_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  Hubert_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  relations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  of_IO  her_APP$  great_JJ  disappointment_NN  at_IO  being_VBG  held_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  Balicou_NP  .  
  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  resignation_NN  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  Judy_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  Boxer_NP  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  ,_,  and_CC  made_VVD  room_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  all_DB  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  letting_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  clutch_NN  .  
    no_UH  ;_;  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  understand_VV0  just_RR  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  about_IO  this_DD1  Balicou_NP  trip_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  coldly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_RR  little_RR  tired_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  treated_VBN  like_IO  an_AT1  ineffective_JJ  imbecile_NN  .    
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  heartily_RR  sick_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  constantly_RR  called_VBN  to_IO  account_NN  for_IO  my_APP$  manners_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  done_VBN  wrong_JJ  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  cover_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  you_PPY  the_AT1  best_JJT  way_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  by_IO  getting_VBG  hold_NN  of_IO  Jack_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  presentation_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  run_VV0  the_AT1  damned_JJ  party_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  my_APP$  ability_NN    saying_VBG  the_AT1  sugary_JJ  things_NNS  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  there_RL  to_TO  say_VV0    and_CC  all_DB  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  is_VBZ  to_TO  find_VV0  fault_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  superior_JJ  attitude_NN  that_PNQS riles_VBZ  me_PPIO1  .    
  Beryl_NP  was_VBDZ  scarlet_JJ  with_IO  annoyance_NN  .  
    how_CS I_PPIS1  happened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  marooned_VBN  at_IO  Balicou_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  interest_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  degree_NN  .  
  you_PPY  look_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  expected_VVD  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0  a_AT1  hoot_NN  about_IO  letting_VBG  Hubert_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  pals_NNS  down_RP  .    
    as_IO  your_APP$  employee_NN  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  my_APP$  business_NN  to_TO  understand_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  whys_NNS  and_CC  wherefores_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  actions_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  stiffly_RR  .  
    still_RR  less_RRR  to_TO  criticise_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  drop_VV0  that_DD1  nonsense_NN  ,_,  Piers_NP  !_!  
  be_VB0  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  mounting_JJ  exasperation_NN  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  brought_VVD  the_AT1  jeep_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  rough_JJ  path_NN  fringed_VBN  and_CC  shaded_VBN  by_IO  citrus_NN  trees_NNS  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  my_APP$  true_JJ  opinion_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  made_VVD  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  protest_NN  to_IO  Graybury_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  credit_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  press_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  because_CS  ,_,  very_RG  naturally_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  were_VBDR  thoroughly_RR  enjoying_VBG  Forrest's_PPIO2  company_NN  in_IO  idyllic_JJ  surroundings_NNS  .    
    how_CS dare_VM  you_PPY  say_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  .    she_PPHO1  blazed_VVD  .  
    for_IO  goodness'_NN1$  sake_NN  show_VV0  a_AT1  glimmer_NN  of_IO  reason_NN  ,_,    was_VBDZ  his_APP$  equally_RR  indignant_JJ  rejoinder_NN  .  
    one_MC1  minute_NN  you_PPY  order_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  behave_VV0  like_IO  your_APP$  secretary_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  like_IO  an_AT1  uninhibited_JJ  human_JJ  being_NN  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  caustically_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  only_RR  to_TO  mention_VV0  Forrest's_PPIO2  name_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  a_AT1  temper_NN  .  
  why_CS not_XX  admit_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  fellow_NN  and_CC  have_VH0  done_VBN  with_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    because_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  ,_,    she_PPHO1  snapped_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  expect_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_DD1  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  mockery_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  tone_NN  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  next_RR  that_CS  you_PPY  spent_VVD  all_DB  those_DD2  hours_NNS  together_RR  on_IO  Balicou_NP  without_IO  his_APP$  kissing_VBG  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  her_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  caddish_JJ  things_NNS  to_TO  say_VV0  !_!    
    nonsense_NN  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  place_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  kissed_VBN  you_PPY  myself_PPX1    good_RR  and_CC  hard_RR  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  tempted_VBN  to_TO  now_RL  .    
    you_PPY  talk_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  on_IO  Balicou_NP  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  avoided_VVD  his_APP$  gaze_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  ignore_VV0  that_DD1  last_DA  impertinent_JJ  remark_NN  .  
    with_IO  four_MC  other_DA  people_NNS      
    whom_WPO  you_PPY  never_RR  once_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  circumvent_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  mockery_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  had_VHD  deepened_VBN  .  
    with_IO  all_DB  due_JJ  deference_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Deane_NP    come_VV0  off_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  met_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  then_RL  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  coolly_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  together_RR  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  the_AT1  first_MD  afternoon_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  kiss_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  acquiesced_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  delay_NN  because_CS  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  his_APP$  company_NN    well_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  misjudging_VBG  me_PPIO1  badly_RR  .    
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  that_DD1  !_!    
  his_APP$  expression_NN  had_VHD  changed_VBN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  on_IO  his_APP$  account_NN  at_IO  all_DB  that_CS  you_PPY  allowed_VVD  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  this_DD1    this_DD1  Hitlerish_JJ  behaviour_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  wavered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  at_RR  last_RR  said_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,  
    if_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  drag_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  out_RP  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  regard_VV0  it_PPH1  as_CS  confidential_JJ  .    
    my_APP$  dear_JJ  Beryl_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  anything_PN1  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  rather_RR  not_XX  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  clearly_RR  startled_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  words_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  remember_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  you_PPY  ,_,  not_XX  I_PPIS1  ,_,  who_PNQS started_VVD  this_DD1  conversation_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  absurd_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  may_VM  seem_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  think_VV0  badly_RR  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  fondle_VV0  Judy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  sensing_VBG  something_PN1  amiss_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  nudging_VBG  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  endeavour_NN  to_TO  gain_VV0  her_APP$  attention_NN  .  
    the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  absolutely_RR  insisted_VBN  on_IO  sailing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  originally_RR  arranged_VBN  ,_,  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  it_PPH1  in_RP  for_IO  Guy_NP  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  apparently_RR  ,_,  through_IO  a_AT1  mistake_NN  on_IO  Guy's_PPIO2  part_NN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  missed_VVD  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  flamingoes_NNS  our_APP$  first_MD  morning_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  harm_NN  could_VM  possibly_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  to_IO  Forrest_NP  through_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  nonsense_NN  .    
  Piers_NP  could_VM  hardly_RR  have_VH0  spoken_VBN  with_IO  more_DA  contempt_NN  .  
    a_AT1  bully_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  respects_VBZ  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS dares_VBZ  to_TO  stand_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  Beryl_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  suppress_VV0  the_AT1  thought_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  precisely_RR  the_AT1  remark_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  to_IO  Guy_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  icily_RR  ,_,  
    as_CS  you_PPY  pride_VV0  yourself_PPX1  on_IO  your_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  affairs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  I_PPIS1  need_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  Graybury_NP  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hewson's_PPIO2  most_RG  important_JJ  customers_NNS  .    
    so_RR  what_DDQ  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  trying_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  Hewson_NP  would_VM  victimise_VV0  Forrest_NP  for_IO  behaving_VBG  with_IO  ordinary_JJ  moral_JJ  courage_NN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  telling_VBG  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  to_TO  take_VV0  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  business_NN  to_IO  an_AT1  unmentionable_JJ  destination_NN  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  what_DDQ  a_AT1  senior_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  junior_JJ  partner_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  ,_,    was_VBDZ  her_APP$  quick_JJ  reply_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  can_VM  bring_VV0  off_RP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  admit_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  Forrest_NP  might_VM  at_RR  least_RR  have_VH0  tried_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  pretty_RR  spineless_JJ  !_!    
    you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  could_VM  have_VH0  carried_VBN  more_DA  weight_NN  with_IO  Sir_NNSB1  John_NP  .    she_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  cuttingly_RR  .  
    for_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  good_JJ  opinion_NN  of_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  about_RR  as_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  push_VV0  around_RP  as_IO    as_IO  a_AT1  grounded_JJ  whale_NN  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  smile_VV0  at_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  went_VVD  on_RP  airily_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  an_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  my_APP$  lady-love_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  her_APP$  interests_NNS  before_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  cared_VBN  to_TO  risk_VV0  her_PPHO1  thinking_VBG  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  selfish_JJ  weakling_NN  .    
  the_AT1  barb_NN  hurt_VVD  cruelly_RR  .  
  for_CS  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  of_IO  hearts_NNS  Beryl_NP  had_VHD  resented_VBN  Guy's_PPIO2  apparent_JJ  indifference_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  dilemma_NN    had_VHD  come_VBN  near_II  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  to_IO  despising_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  her_APP$  soreness_NN  merely_RR  increased_VVD  her_APP$  anger_NN  with_IO  Piers_NP  .  
    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  studying_VBG  my_APP$  interests_NNS  to_TO  bring_VV0  your_APP$  girl_NN  friend_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  party_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  labourers_NNS  .    she_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  .  
    to_TO  have_VH0  her_PPHO1  act_VV0  as_IO  hostess_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  absence_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  wrathfully_RR  now_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  quizzically_RR  .  
    my_APP$  girl_NN  friend_NN  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  call_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  remained_VVD  as_RG  much_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  as_CS  even_RR  you_PPY  could_VM  wish_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  patted_VVD  the_AT1  Boxer's_PPIO2  huge_JJ  head_NN  .  
    Judy_NP  ,_,  here_RL  ,_,  was_VBDZ  more_RG  forthcoming_JJ  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  trotted_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  obviously_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  everyone_PN1  feel_VV0  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  gazing_VBG  reproachfully_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  timid_JJ  ones_CD1S  who_PNQS bolted_VVD  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tempted_VBN  to_TO  laugh_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  though_CS  that_DD1  barb_NN  still_RR  stuck_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  quivering_JJ  flesh_NN  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  an_AT1  answer_NN    of_IO  sorts_NNS    for_IO  everything_PN1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  shortly_RR  .  
    personally_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  no_AT1  more_DA  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  along_RP  .    
  to_IO  her_APP$  great_JJ  relief_NN  they_PPHS2  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  cluster_NN  of_IO  little_JJ  houses_NNS  where_CS Hubert_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  living_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  stowing_VBG  in_IO  leisurely_JJ  fashion_NN  his_APP$  few_DA  possessions_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  ramshackle_JJ  and_CC  incredibly_RR  ancient_JJ  car_NN  ,_,  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  innumerable_JJ  friends_NNS  and_CC  relatives_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  air_NN  of_IO  smiling_JJ  somnolence_NN  showed_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  guests_NNS  at_IO  yesterday's_NP1  celebrations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  friendly_JJ  welcome_NN  and_CC  warm_JJ  sympathy_NN  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  how_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  miss_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  send_VV0  a_AT1  complacent_JJ  glance_NN  in_IO  Piers'_PPIO2  direction_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  fuss-box_NN  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  impatiently_RR  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  worry_VV0  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  her_APP$  failure_NN  to_TO  appear_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  function_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  estate_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  major_JJ  error_NN  :_:  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  that_PNQS ,_,  with_IO  these_DD2  simple_JJ  folk_NNS  ,_,  spoiled_VVD  the_AT1  master-servant_JB  relationship_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  received_VVD  a_AT1  jolt_NN  .  
  old_JJ  Hubert_NP  ,_,  standing_VBG  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  battered_JJ  hat_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  toothless_JJ  mouth_NN  stretched_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  grin_NN  ,_,  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  halting_JJ  patois_NN  that_CS    Mistah_NNSB1  Piers_NP    had_VHD  explained_VBN  right_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  start_NN  that_CS    Mis'_NNSB1  Beryl_NP    would_VM  be_VB0    plenty_RR  ,_,  plenty_RR  sad_JJ    not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Villa_NNL1  in_IO  time_NN  .  
  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  her_APP$  fault_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lady_NN  who_PNQS ,_,  like_IO  her_APP$  Uncle_NNSB1  Charles_NP  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  highest_JJT  pride_NN  in_IO  keeping_VBG  her_APP$  word_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  anudder_DD1  t'ing_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  lower_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  sunken_JJ  black_JJ  eyes_NNS  twinkling_VBG  .  
    he_PPHO1  powerful_RR  anxious_JJ  ,_,  poor_JJ  Mistah_NNSB1  Piers_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  all_DB  know_VV0  how_CS Balicou_NP  Island_NNL1  dangerous_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  kin'_NN  o'_IO  boats_NNS  ,_,  wid_IO  d'ose_DD2  big_JJ  ,_,  big_JJ  rocks_NNS  in_IO  an'_CC  out_RP  o'_IO  de_AT1  water_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  full_JJ  o'_IO  fear_NN  you_PPY  comin'_VBG  bad_JJ  harm_NN  ,_,  Mis_NNSB1  Beryl_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  smilin'_VBG  and_CC  larkin'_VBG  wid_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  knowin'_VBG  him_PPHO1  well_RR  ,_,  Missie_NNSB1  .  
  he_PPHO1  always_RR  sayin'_VBG  he_PPHO1  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  'cos_CS  he_PPHO1  born_VBN  an'_CC  bred_VBN  in_IO  de_AT1  islands_NNS  .  
  an'_CC  he_PPHO1  say_VV0  for_IO  true_JJ  !_!    
  this_DD1  sidelight_NN  on_IO  Piers_NP  had_VHD  its_APP$  effect_NN  on_IO  Beryl_NP  .  
  without_IO  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  too_RG  seriously_RR  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  regretting_VBG  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  things_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  when_CS ,_,  her_APP$  goodbyes_NNS  said_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  jeep_NN  ,_,  preparatory_JJ  to_IO  returning_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Villa_NNL1  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  the_AT1  resolve_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  quarrel_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1    to_TO  achieve_VV0  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  surface_NN  peace_NN  .    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  say_VV0  .    
    yes_UH  sir_NN  !_!  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  Gene_NP  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  say_VV0  ,_,  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  what_DDQ  a_AT1  rotten_JJ  deal_NN  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  is_VBZ  still_RR  gettin'_VBG  from_IO  that_DD1  Hawley_NP  girl_NN  he_PPHO1  married_VVD  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Goddard_NP  ,_,  if_CS  that_DD1  woman_NN  had_VHD  treated_VBN  him_PPHO1  half_RR  way_RR  decent_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  've_VH0  found_VBN  out_RP  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  herself_PPX1  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  perfect_JJ  husbands_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  no_UH  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  ai_VHZ  nt_XX  got_VBN  sense_NN  enough_DD  to_TO  see_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Dan_NP  Hawley's_PPIO2  daughter_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  personally_RR  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  ai_VBZ  nt_XX  .    
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  by_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  Constable_NNSB1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  catch-colt_NN  ,_,  could_VM  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  some_DD  poor_JJ  baby_NN  Hawley_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  adopted_VVD  because_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  kids_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Goddard_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  lay_VV0  down_RP  my_APP$  life_NN  for_IO  Gene_NP  Pelcher_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  admire_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_RG  much_RR  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  never_RR  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  practice_NN  to_TO  inquire_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  personal_JJ  or_CC  marital_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  Constable_NNSB1  ,_,  here_RL  is_VBZ  where_CS I_PPIS1  turn_VV0  in_RP  .    
  too_RG  dense_JJ  to_TO  recognize_VV0  this_DD1  dismissal_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Nick_NP  Newell_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  continued_VBN  the_AT1  almost_RR  one-sided_JJ  conversation_NN  if_CS  Murdock_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  called_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  his_APP$  store_NN    
    how_CS you_PPY  feeling_VBG  now_RL  ,_,  Brother_NNSB1  Goddard_NP  .  
  you_PPY  look_VV0  like_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_RR  little_RR  bunged_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  you_PPY  walk_VV0  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  Brother_NNSB1  Murdock_NP  ,_,    Goddard_NP  answered_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  sigh_NN  ,_,    that_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  on_IO  that_DD1  rabbit_NN  hunt_NN  I_PPIS1  overdid_VVD  myself_PPX1  a_RR  little_RR  .  
  from_IO  now_RL  on_RP  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  walk_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  among_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  extending_VBG  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  walks_NNS  slightly_RR  each_DD1  day_NN  till_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  myself_PPX1  back_RP  in_IO  condition_NN  among_IO  these_DD2  wonderful_JJ  mountains_NNS  .    
    now_RL  there_RL  's_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  tie_VV0  to_IO  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  constable_NN  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  happily_RR  as_CS  Goddard_NP  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
    durned_VBN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  most_RBT  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  and_CC  trust_VV0  Gene_NP  Pelcher_NP  ,_,  by_IO  jingo_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  !_!  
  but_CCB  havin'_VHG  an_AT1  official_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  close-mouthed_JJ  in_IO  expressin'_VBG  my_APP$  opinion_NN  of_IO  other_DA  men_NNS  .    
  on_IO  Poverty_NP  flat_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  comparatively_RR  level_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  gravelly_JJ  ground_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  once_RR  been_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  bed_NN  ,_,  Orestus_NP  Hancock_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  erected_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  finest_JJT  houses_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  mountain_NN  county_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  large_JJ  and_CC  comfortable_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  houses_NNS  in_IO  Geneva_NP  that_PNQS were_VBDR  adorned_VBN  with_IO  more_DA    gingerbread_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  disturbed_VBN  nature_NN  ,_,  except_CS  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  where_CS there_EX  were_VBDR  gravelled_JJ  walks_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  drive_NN  turning_VBG  in_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  painted_JJ  stable_NN  and_CC  carriage_NN  house_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  itself_PPX1  had_VHD  a_AT1  shake_NN  hip-roof_NN  that_PNQS covered_VVD  a_AT1  wide_JJ  porch_NN  that_PNQS extended_VVD  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  and_CC  both_DB2  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  building_NN  which_DDQ  contained_VVD  seven_MC  large_JJ  rooms_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  addition_NN  to_IO  quarters_NNS  for_IO  Willie_NP  Kim_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Chinaman_NN1  the_AT1  judge_NN  and_CC  Bill_NP  had_VHD  brought_VBN  from_IO  San_NP  Francisco_NP  eight_MC  years_NNS  before_II  ,_,  to_TO  serve_VV0  as_IO  cook_NN  and_CC  housekeeper_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  family_NN  consultant_NN  and_CC  adviser_NN  .  
  the_AT1  wide_JJ  veranda_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  screened_VBN  all_RR  around_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  hinged_JJ  windows_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  raised_VBN  or_CC  lowered_VBN  as_CS  weather_NN  conditions_NNS  dictated_VVD  .  
  now_RL  as_CS  the_AT1  judge_NN  sat_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  easy_JJ  chair_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  portion_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  veranda_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  before_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  path_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  pier_NN  which_DDQ  projected_VVD  about_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  of_IO  water_NN  was_VBDZ  violently_RR  disturbed_VBN  today_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  across_IO  this_DD1  expanse_NN  of_IO  uneasy_JJ  water_NN  the_AT1  ground_NN  rose_VVD  to_IO  where_CS it_PPH1  rounded_VVD  off_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  thickly_RR  brushed_JJ  mountain_NN  .  
  until_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  before_II  the_AT1  judge_NN  had_VHD  felt_VBN  easier_JJ  in_IO  mind_NN  than_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  since_CS  Bill_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  his_APP$  fight_NN  with_IO  Goddard_NP  in_IO  Pinenut_NP  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  changed_VBN  completely_RR  .  
  the_AT1  judge_NN  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  of_IO  Bill's_PPIO2  defeat_NN  by_IO  Goddard_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  thing_NN  of_IO  much_DA  importance_NN  except_CS  that_CS  possibly_RR  defeat_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  smaller_JJ  ,_,  lighter_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  brought_VBN  Bill_NP  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  senses_NNS  and_CC  made_VBN  him_PPHO1  see_VV0  the_AT1  futility_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  leading_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  almost_RR  entirely_RR  settled_VBN  back_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  old_JJ  ways_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  reading_VBG  law_NN  about_IO  two_MC  hours_NNS  each_DD1  day_NN  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  refuse_VV0  wine_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  judge_NN  always_RR  had_VHD  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  act_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  except_CS  in_IO  moderate_JJ  compliance_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  habit_NN  .  
  in_IO  one_MC1  respect_NN  the_AT1  judge_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  at_IO  peace_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  never_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  .  
  though_CS  he_PPHO1  never_RR  expected_VVD  to_TO  attain_VV0  the_AT1  happiness_NN  he_PPHO1  yearned_VVD  for_IO  in_IO  a_AT1  daughter-in-law_NN  and_CC  grandchildren_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  big_JJ  house_NN  would_VM  never_RR  really_RR  be_VB0  complete_JJ  until_CS  Kate_NP  ,_,  as_IO  Bill's_PPIO2  wife_NN  ,_,  brought_VVD  children_NNS  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  probably_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  might_VM  jounce_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  knee_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  narrow-minded_JJ  priggishness_NN  of_IO  Dan_NP  Hawley_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
    from_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  heard_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  mused_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  sigh_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  considerable_JJ  bitterness_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  themselves_PPX2  socially_RR  besmirched_VBN  because_IO  of_II  poor_JJ  Bill's_PPIO2  deluded_JJ  mother_NN  .  
  may_VM  God_NP  have_VH0  mercy_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  soul_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  may_VM  Lombard_NP  burn_VV0  in_IO  hell_NN  !_!  
  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  as_IO  putty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  myself_PPX1  am_VBM  by_IO  no_AT1  means_NNS  blameless_JJ  for_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  given_VBN  more_DA  time_NN  and_CC  attention_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  less_DA  to_IO  the_AT1  acquisition_NN  of_IO  wealth_NN  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  establishment_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  high_JJ  reputation_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  attorney_NN  at_IO  law_NN  .    
  now_RL  the_AT1  judge_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  thinking_VBG  about_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  but_IO  for_II  Dan_NP  Hawley_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  ,_,  even_RR  worrying_VBG  about_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  .  
  soon_RR  after_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  when_CS the_AT1  lake_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  as_RG  smooth_JJ  as_CS  blue_JJ  water_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  Bill_NP  had_VHD  set_VBN  off_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  sixteen-foot_JB  yawl_NN  with_IO  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  strapping_JJ  young_JJ  Pomo_NP  Indian_NN1  ,_,  to_TO  row_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Bill_NP  had_VHD  intended_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  some_DD  trolling_NN  for_IO  lake_NN  trout_NNS  beyond_IO  the_AT1  rounded_JJ  promontory_NN  around_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  shore_NN  bent_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  mile-wide_JB  cove_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  straightened_VVD  out_RP  toward_IO  the_AT1  Narrows_NP2  above_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  main_JB  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  lay_VVD  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  judge_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  worried_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  permanence_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  son_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alarmed_JJ  for_IO  Bill's_PPIO2  safety_NN  .  
  rising_VBG  two_MC  hours_NNS  earlier_RRR  than_CS  was_VBDZ  its_APP$  habit_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  northwest_NN1  wind_NN  ,_,  prevalent_JJ  at_IO  this_DD1  season_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  marching_VBG  high_RR  ,_,  white-capped_JJ  waves_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  breaking_VBG  them_PPHO1  into_IO  spray_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  and_CC  against_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  shore_NN  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  sending_VBG  spray_NN  so_RG  high_RR  it_PPH1  sometimes_RR  covered_VVD  the_AT1  pier_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  gale_NN  Bill_NP  and_CC  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  could_VM  tie_VV0  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mile-wide_JB  cove_NN  and_CC  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  wind_NN  to_TO  blow_VV0  itself_PPX1  out_RP  ,_,  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  probably_RR  do_VD0  along_RP  toward_IO  sunset_NN  .  
  but_CCB  would_VM  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  Bill_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  home_NN1  not_XX  later_RRR  than_IO  one_MC1  o'clock_RR  .  
  the_AT1  judge_NN  had_VHD  decided_VBN  that_CS  Bill_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  young_JJ  Indian_NN1  had_VHD  accepted_VBN  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  and_CC  sensibly_RR  decided_VBN  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  gale_NN  to_TO  blow_VV0  itself_PPX1  out_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  and_CC  held_VVD  his_APP$  breath_NN  ,_,  then_RL  rose_VVD  hastily_RR  .  
  around_IO  that_DD1  rounded_JJ  rocky_JJ  promontory_NN  where_CS the_AT1  white_JJ  spray_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  seen_VBN  flying_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  ,_,  came_VVD  the_AT1  yawl_NN  under_IO  her_APP$  full_JJ  triangular_JJ  sail_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  judge's_NN1$  frightened_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  dashed_VBN  against_IO  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  lift_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  wave_NN  .  
    that_DD1  boy_NN  !_!  
  that_DD1  damned_JJ  fool_JB  boy_NN  !_!  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  mean_VV0  by_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  come_VV0  home_NN1  now_RL  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  promise_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  does_VBZ  time_NN  mean_VV0  when_CS weighed_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  two_MC  human_JJ  beings_NNS  .    
  not_XX  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  yawl_NN  had_VHD  rounded_VBN  the_AT1  rocky_JJ  point_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  flung_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  huge_JJ  boulders_NNS  did_VDD  the_AT1  judge_NN  empty_VV0  his_APP$  lungs_NNS  of_IO  stifling_JJ  air_NN  and_CC  refill_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  part_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  howling_JJ  northwest_NN1  gale_NN  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  fright_NN  and_CC  alarm_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  gone_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  merely_RR  lessened_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  figure_NN  ,_,  undoubtedly_RR  that_DD1  of_IO  his_APP$  beloved_JJ  fool_JB  son_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  now_RL  sitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  stern_NN  sheets_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  yawl_NN  quartered_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  figure_NN  close_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  gunwale_NN  was_VBDZ  apparently_RR  bailing_VBG  fast_RR  ,_,  with_IO  as_RG  near_JJ  frenzy_NN  as_CS  a_AT1  young_JJ  Indian_NN1  who_PNQS could_VM  swim_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  fish_NN  could_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  frenzy_NN  .  
  not_XX  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  the_AT1  yawl_NN  had_VHD  successfully_RR  got_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  did_VDD  the_AT1  judge_NN  begin_VV0  to_TO  stride_VV0  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  wide_JJ  veranda_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  not_XX  really_RR  realizing_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  captain_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rudderless_JJ  ship_NN  pacing_VBG  his_APP$  own_DA  bridge_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  control_NN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  over_IO  that_DD1  tiny_JJ  craft_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  lifting_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  wave_NN  crest_NN  ,_,  then_RL  dropping_VBG  from_IO  sight_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  trough_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  a_AT1  rampage_NN  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  kick_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  sea-sized_JJ  commotion_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  a_AT1  straight_JJ  blow_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  miles_NNS  down_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  .  
    big_JJ  blow_NN  ,_,  Judge_NNSB1  ,_,    remarked_VVD  Willie_NP  Kim_NP  as_CS  the_AT1  wind_NN  billowed_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  sucked_VVD  in_RP  his_APP$  baggy_JJ  black_JJ  blouse_NN  and_CC  pantaloons_NNS  .  
    blow_VV0  like_IO  hell_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  by_RR  and_RR  by_RR  she_PPHO1  blow_VV0  some_RR  more_RRR  .    
    hello_UH  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,  where_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  from_IO  .    the_AT1  judge_NN  said_VVD  in_IO  mild_JJ  surprise_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  hear_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  see_VV0  that_DD1  fool_JB  boy_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  out_RP  there_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  need_VV0  worry_VV0  ,_,  Judge_NNSB1  .  
  big_JJ  wind_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  can_VM  n't_XX  drown_VV0  good_JJ  man_NN  .  
  Bill_NP  is_VBZ  good_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  is_VBZ  raised_VBN  on_IO  lake_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  no_RR  drown_VV0  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  him_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  mother_NN  throw_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  water_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  swim_VV0  when_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  born_VBN  .  
  maybe_RR  so_PN1  Bill_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  can_VM  swim_VV0  that_RG  good_RR  ,_,  too_RR  .    
  chapter_NN  19_MC  .  
  the_AT1  yawl_NN  ,_,  riding_VBG  the_AT1  high_JJ  waves_NNS  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  an_AT1  ocean_NN  liner_NN  envious_JJ  ,_,  seemed_VVD  prepared_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  safe_JJ  though_CS  violent_JJ  landing_NN  when_CS there_EX  came_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  gust_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  .  
    my_APP$  God_NP  !_!    the_AT1  judge_NN  cried_VVD  out_RP  .  
    the_AT1  boy_NN  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  landing_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  side_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  pier_NN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  wreck_VV0  !_!    
  Willie_NP  Kim_NP  was_VBDZ  speechless_JJ  ,_,  only_RR  his_APP$  slant_NN  black_JJ  eyes_NNS  showing_VBG  any_DD  emotion_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ  shift_NN  of_IO  tiller_NN  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  jibbing_VBG  the_AT1  boom_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  stay_NN  rope_NN  fastened_VBN  ,_,  Bill_NP  made_VVD  the_AT1  yawl_NN  recover_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  frightened_JJ  judge_NN  as_CS  though_CS  his_APP$  son_NN  would_VM  actually_RR  shoot_VV0  the_AT1  craft_NN  in_RP  under_IO  the_AT1  outer_JB  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wharf_NN  .  
  but_CCB  by_IO  pressing_VBG  the_AT1  tiller_NN  hard_RR  over_RP  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  dropping_VBG  the_AT1  small_JJ  sheet_NN  of_IO  wet_JJ  canvas_NN  ,_,  Bill_NP  cleared_VVD  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pier_NN  by_IO  inches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  tiller_NN  still_RR  hard_RR  over_RP  ,_,  brought_VVD  the_AT1  yawl_NN  up_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  waves_NNS  with_IO  sufficient_JJ  momentum_NN  to_TO  permit_VV0  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  ,_,  now_RL  on_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  coiled_JJ  rope_NN  in_IO  left_JJ  hand_NN  a_AT1  cowboy_NN  loop_NN  in_IO  right_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  toss_VV0  the_AT1  loop_NN  over_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  piles_NNS  that_PNQS projected_VVD  upward_RR  for_IO  about_RR  three_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  lee_NN  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pier_NN  .  
    Willie_NP  ,_,    the_AT1  judge_NN  said_VVD  huskily_RR  ,_,    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  pretty_JJ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  seamanship_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  saw_VVD  .  
  that_DD1  boy_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  seems_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  do_VD0  everything_PN1  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  .    
    naw_UH  ,_,    disputed_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    just_RR  play_NN  in_IO  damn_RR  fine_JJ  luck_NN  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  plenty_RR  smart_JJ  though_RR  .    
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  pier_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  judge_NN  on_IO  legs_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  a_RR  little_RR  unsteady_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  ,_,  now_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  pier_NN  ,_,  leading_VBG  the_AT1  yawl_NN  toward_IO  the_AT1  wave-battered_JJ  shore_NN  .  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Dad_NNSB1  !_!    Bill_NP  called_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX  worried_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  drag_VV0  the_AT1  boat_NN  ashore_RR  and_CC  turn_VV0  her_PPHO1  over_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  water_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  broke_VVD  all_DB  speed_NN  records_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  in_RP  .  
  yes_UH  sir_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  slightly_RR  wet_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  Buck_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  wetter_JJ  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  more_DA  clothes_NNS  on_RP  .    
  with_IO  four_MC  doing_VBG  the_AT1  job_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  waves_NNS  pushing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  stern_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  yawl_NN  was_VBDZ  soon_RR  dragged_VBN  out_RP  but_CCB  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  over_RP  Bueno_NP  Buck_NP  reached_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  water_NN  ,_,  tossed_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  string_NN  of_IO  silvery_JJ  lake_NN  trout_NNS  and_CC  said_VVD    
    Bill_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  better_JJ  man_NN  at_IO  catch_VV0  'em_PPHO1  than_IO  Injun_NN1  ,_,  Judge_NNSB1  .  
  you_PPY  look_VV0  .  
  little_JJ  one_MC1  more_DA  as_IO  fifteen_MC  inches_NNS  .  
  maybe_RR  big_JJ  one_MC1  four_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  huh_UH  .    
    by_IO  George_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  string_NN  of_IO  fish_NNS  !_!    exclaimed_VVD  the_AT1  judge_NN  .  
    toss_VV0  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  all_DB  get_VV0  hold_NN  and_CC  heave_NN  .    
  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  yawl_NN  was_VBDZ  upside_NN  down_RP  ,_,  exposing_VBG  its_APP$  shallow_JJ  keel_NN  .  Bertram's_PPIO2  face_NN  was_VBDZ  grim_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  snort_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
  John_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  short_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ;_;    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  stop_VV0  thinking_VBG  that_DD1  now_RL  .  
  Pericles_NP  is_VBZ  fitted_VBN  with_IO  an_AT1  identically_RR  similar_JJ  one_MC1  .    
    so_RR  there_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  .    
  Peggy_NP  's_VBZ  eyes_NNS  filled_VVD  with_IO  tears_NNS  .  
    it's_NN1$  so_RG  unfair_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  little_JJ  beast_NN  Robbie_NP  Munyard_NP  spent_VVD  six_MC  months_NNS  ashore_RR  while_CS  Pericles_NP  was_VBDZ  refitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  dockyard_NN  and_CC  now_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  ready_JJ  for_IO  sea_NN  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  sick_JJ  .  
  just_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  honourable_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  do_VD0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  likes_VBZ  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  why_CS pick_VV0  on_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  succeed_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  John_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  point_NN  in_IO  sharing_VBG  his_APP$  discomfort_NN  with_IO  Peggy_NP  .  
  a_AT1  submariner's_NN1$  wife_NN  needed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  spared_VBN  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  anyway_RR  the_AT1  Parsifal_NP  affair_NN  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  fresh_JJ  in_IO  both_DB2  their_APP$  minds_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  subject_NN  for_IO  discussion_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  command_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  the_AT1  extra_JJ  money_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  just_RR  about_RR  pay_VV0  Jacky's_PPIO2  school_NN  fees_NNS  .    
    what_DDQ  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  about_IO  this_DD1  house_NN  .    and_CC  Jill's_PPIO2  school_NN  .    and_CC  oh_UH  !_!  how_CS I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  the_AT1  navy_NN  !_!  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  known_VBN  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  like_IO  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  sooner_RRR  have_VH0  married_VBN  a_AT1  parson_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    parsons_NNS  work_VV0  on_IO  Sundays_NN2  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  worse_RRR  off_RP  than_IO  submariners_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  married_VBN  that_DD1  fat_JJ  stockbroker_NN  chap_NN  and_CC  shared_VBN  him_PPHO1  with_IO  his_APP$  three_MC  mistresses_NNS  .  
  anyway_RR  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  worse_JJ  .  
  Pericles_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  Portsmouth_NP  boat_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  spends_VBZ  longer_RRR  in_IO  harbour_NN  than_IO  any_DD  other_DA  submarine_NN  .  
  practically_RR  a_AT1  shore_NN  job_NN  .  
  cheer_VV0  up_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  wiped_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  reached_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  address_NN  book_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  write_VV0  to_IO  those_DD2  agents_NNS  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  flat_NN  in_IO  Alverstoke_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  Jill_NP  will_VM  say_VV0  about_IO  leaving_VBG  her_APP$  school_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  blessing_NN  that_CS  Jacky_NP  's_VBZ  off_RP  to_IO  boarding_NN  school_NN  .  
  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  trouble_NN  you_PPY  've_VH0  taken_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  !_!  
  that_DD1  little_JJ  beast_NN  ,_,  Robbie_NP  Munyard_NP  !_!    
  having_VHG  said_VBN  her_APP$  say_NN  Peggy_NP  manfully_RR  shouldered_VVD  her_APP$  burden_NN  and_CC  prepared_VVD  to_TO  break_VV0  up_RP  yet_RR  another_DD1  home_NN1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  married_JJ  life_NN  this_DD1  had_VHD  already_RR  happened_VBN  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  times_NNS  .  
  such_DA  is_VBZ  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  naval_JJ  officer's_NN1$  wife_NN  .  
  John's_PPIO2  father_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  naval_JJ  officer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  school_NN  ;_;  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  rigid_JJ  ideas_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  passed_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  generation_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  was_VBDZ  that_CS  an_AT1  officer_NN  should_VM  join_VV0  a_AT1  ship_NN  ,_,  on_IO  taking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  new_JJ  appointment_NN  ,_,  at_IO  nine_MC  \0a.m_RR  precisely_RR  ,_,  dressed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  modern_JJ  equivalent_NN  of_IO  frock-coat_NN  and_CC  sword_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  acceptable_JJ  to_IO  all_DB  concerned_VBN  if_CS  John_NP  had_VHD  stepped_VBN  into_IO  Fort_NNL1  Blockhouse_NP  clad_JJ  in_IO  plain-clothes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ways_NNS  instilled_VBN  by_IO  martinet_NN  parents_NNS  have_VH0  a_AT1  habit_NN  of_IO  sticking_VBG  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  up_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Admiral's_NNSB2  head_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  famous_JJ  Portsmouth_NP  hostelry_NN  ,_,  second_MD  only_RR  in_IO  historic_JJ  interest_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  George_NP  ,_,  unhappily_RR  destroyed_VBN  by_IO  German_JJ  bombs_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  war_NN  .  
  having_VHG  deposited_VBN  his_APP$  baggage_NN  and_CC  unpacked_VBN  his_APP$  overnight-bag_NN  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lower_JJ  bar_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  ,_,  save_IO  for_II  the_AT1  lady_NN  known_VBN  by_IO  all_DB  habitue*?2s_NNS  as_IO    Seaweed_NP    ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  youngish_JJ  ,_,  sharp-eyed_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  staring_VBG  moodily_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  gin_NN  and_CC  tonic_NN  .  
  Seaweed's_PPIO2  memory_NN  was_VBDZ  prodigious_JJ  ;_;  her_APP$  manner_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  worth_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  proprietors_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  greeted_VVD  John_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  with_IO  less_DA  than_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  cordiality_NN  and_CC  flashed_VVD  a_AT1  warning_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  evidently_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  occupant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  persona_NN  grata_NN"  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  memory_NN  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  ,_,  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  stranger's_NN1$  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  Commander_NNSB1  Winter_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  a_AT1  gin_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  Seaweed_NP    
    make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  large_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  the_AT1  naval_JJ  habits_NNS  .  
    drink_VV0  gin_NN  and_CC  call_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  wallahs_NNS  ,_,  what_DDQ  !_!      as_CS  the_AT1  guards_NNS  officer_NN  said_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  return_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  royal_JJ  navy_NN  .  
  submarines_NNS  ,_,  what_DDQ  .  
  youngest_JJT  \0D.S.C_NNSB1  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  .  
  crawled_VVD  inside_IO  a_AT1  submarine_NN  casing_NN  to_TO  defuse_VV0  a_AT1  Jerry_NP  bomb_NN  .  
  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  \0V.C_NNSB1  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  waiting_VBG  for_IO  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  the_AT1  officer_NN  is_VBZ  obviously_RR  thirsty_JJ  .    
  John_NP  fought_VVD  back_RP  his_APP$  inherited_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  snub_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  bar_NN  and_CC  either_LE  sit_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  or_CC  return_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  .  
  Seaweed_NP  sensed_VVD  his_APP$  embarrassment_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  introduced_VBN  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  mock_JJ  severity_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  rule_NN  on_IO  these_DD2  premises_NNS  .  
  no_AT1  treating_NN  with_IO  strangers_NNS    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,  John_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    my_APP$  fault_NN  entirely_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  stranger_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  conceited_JJ  nature_NN    I_PPIS1  assumed_VVD  that_CS  you_PPY  both_DB2  knew_VVD  who_PNQS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  Ian_NP  Bawley_NP  .  
  does_VBZ  that_DD1  mean_VV0  anything_PN1  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  .  
  Ian_NP  Bawley's_PPIO2  name_NN  was_VBDZ  printed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  most_DA  naval_JJ  articles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  courier_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Seaweed_NP  .  
    down_RP  here_RL  on_IO  business_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Bawley_NP  .    
    a_AT1  pressman_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  John_NP  could_VM  not_XX  do_VD0  otherwise_RR  than_CS  take_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    pleased_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Commander_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    now_RL  what_DDQ  about_IO  that_DD1  drink_NN  .    
  John_NP  nodded_VVD    he_PPHO1  could_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  one_MC1  in_IO  return_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  lonely_JJ  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  accuracy_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  how_CS you_PPY  newspaper_NN  people_NNS  value_VV0  that_DD1  commodity_NN  !_!    please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  address_VV0  me_PPIO1  as_IO  Commander_NNSB1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  Lieutenant-Commander_NNSB1  .  
  perhaps_RR  we_PPIS2  could_VM  drop_VV0  the_AT1  rank_NN    such_DA  a_AT1  mouthful_NN  !_!    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  absolutely_RR  right_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Bawley_NP  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  over_RP  his_APP$  glass_NN  .  
    fill_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  accuracy_NN  above_IO  all_DB  else_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  pride_VV0  ourselves_PPX2  about_IO  accuracy_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  courier_NN  .  
  ever_RR  known_VBN  us_PPIO2   bowl_VV0  a_AT1  wide_NN  about_IO  your_APP$  service_NN  .  
  check_NN  and_CC  counter-check_NN    nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  somewhat_RR  embarrassing_JJ  ,_,  what_DDQ  .    
    how_CS can_VM  the_AT1  truth_NN  be_VB0  embarrassing_JJ  .    
  John_NP  sipped_VVD  his_APP$  double_JJ  gin_NN  with_IO  relish_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  favourite_JB  brand_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  verge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  chapter_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  career_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  companion's_NN1$  attitude_NN  was_VBDZ  challenging_JJ  .  
  life_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  in_IO  Bath_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  trifle_NN  too_RG  comfortable_JJ  and_CC  humdrum_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  never_RR  before_II  met_VBN  a_AT1  pressman_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  curiously_RR  stimulating_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  humorist_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    said_VVD  Bawley_NP  .  
    the_AT1  truth_NN  is_VBZ  usually_RR  very_RG  embarrassing_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  submarines_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    you_PPY  know_VV0  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  John_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  business_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  more_DA  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  command_NN  of_IO  Pericles_NP  .  
  am_VBM  I_PPIS1  right_JJ  .    
    who_PNQS  told_VVD  you_PPY  .    
    little_JJ  bird_NN  .  
  other_DA  half_NN  .    
  John_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    on_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  Bawley_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    all_DB  paid_VBN  for_IO  by_IO  his_APP$  lordship_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    expense_NN  account_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  married_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  kids_NNS  .  
  can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  wasting_VBG  your_APP$  substance_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  stranger_NN  .  
  set_VV0  'em_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  darling_NN  !_!    
  John_NP  flushed_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  charity_NN  .    
    come_VV0  off_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Bawley_NP  .  
    the_AT1  proprietor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  daily_JJ  courier_NN  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  going_VBG  on_RP  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  mind_VV0  ,_,  why_CS should_VM  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .    
  John_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  refilled_JJ  glass_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  rim_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  companion_NN  .  
    you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  talk_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_DD1  it_PPH1  .    
    you_PPY  misjudge_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Bawley_NP  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  yet_RR  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  meeting_VBG  again_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  .  
  regard_VV0  this_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  softening-up_JB  process_NN  ,_,  and_CC  have_VH0  dinner_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  on_IO  his_APP$  lordship_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .    
    on_IO  one_MC1  condition_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  John_NP  .  
    tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  who_PNQS  the_AT1  little_JJ  bird_NN  was_VBDZ  .    
    can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  guess_VV0  .  
  whose_WP$I  portrait_NN  appears_VBZ  regularly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  papers_NNS  .    
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  Munyard_NP  .    
    sure_UH  .  
  very_RG  useful_JJ  contact_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  our_APP$  Robbie_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  gives_VBZ  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  gen_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  publicity_NN  .  
    the_AT1  honourable_JJ    Robbie_NP    and_CC  friend_NN    ,_,  what_DDQ  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  nothing_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  John_NP  ,_,    but_CCB  you_PPY  can_VM  pay_VV0  for_IO  my_APP$  drinks_NNS  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  ,_,  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  keep_VV0  off_IO  service_NN  matters_NNS  .    
    good-oh_UH  !_!  
  one_MC1  for_IO  the_AT1  grill-room_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tell_VV0  George_NP  to_TO  bring_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  carte_NN  du_&FW  jour_&FW  .    
  Bawley_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  word_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  service_NN  matters_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  host_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  raconteur_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evening_NN  passed_VVD  all_RR  too_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  as_CS  they_PPHS2  parted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  vestibule_NN  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  well_RR  disposed_JJ  towards_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
    ever_RR  been_VBN  to_IO  Fleet_NP  Street_NNL1  .    asked_VVD  Bawley_NP  .  
    you_PPY  should_VM  .  
  next_DA  time_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  town_NN  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  ring_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  number_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  round_IO  the_AT1  pubs_NNS  where_CS most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  card_NN  .  
  John_NP  took_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  put_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
    thanks_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    if_CS  ever_RR  my_APP$  missus_NN  lets_VBZ  me_PPIO1  off_IO  the_AT1  chain_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  on_IO  that_DD1  .  
  ever_RR  been_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  submarine_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  spin_NN  round_RP  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  write_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  .    
  Bawley_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  face_NN  .  
    not_XX  in_IO  Pericles_NP  ,_,  old_JJ  man_NN  .    
    why_CS not_XX  .    
    better_RRR  ask_VV0  Robbie_NP  Munyard_NP  .    
    what_DDQ  's_VHZ  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  saying_VBG  .    
  John_NP  was_VBDZ  furious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  squirt_NN  !_!  
  to_TO  go_VV0  gassing_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  man_NN  !_!  
    look_VV0  !_!    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  earnestly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  write_VV0  up_RP  Pericles_NP  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  or_CC  other_DA  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  there_EX  to_TO  write_VV0  up_RP  .    said_VVD  Bawley_NP  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  forty-three_MC  submarines_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  navy_NN    why_CS should_VM  I_PPIS1  pick_VV0  on_IO  Pericles_NP  .    
  John_NP  eyed_VVD  him_PPHO1  steadily_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  Parcifal_NP  business_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  it_PPH1  to_TO  happen_VV0  again_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Bawley_NP      more_RRR  so_PN1  than_CS  ever_RR  since_CS  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  you_PPY  .    
    what_DDQ  did_VDD  Munyard_NP  say_VV0  .    
    the_AT1  snort_NN    hull_NN  fitting_NN  fractured_VBN  .    
    supposing_VBG  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  had_VHN  Pericles'_PPIO2  entire_JB  snort_NN  equipment_NN  removed_VBN  and_CC  X-rayed_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  sound_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  bell_NN  .    said_VVD  John_NP  .  
    Munyard_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  confess_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  relieved_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  still_RR  does_VBZ  n't_XX  do_VD0  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  faulty_JJ  design_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  will_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  trip_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  meantime_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  tell_VV0  my_APP$  editor_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  story_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  dead_JJ  bird_NN  .  
  glad_JJ  I_PPIS1  met_VVD  you_PPY  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  ring_NN    any_DD  time_NN    knock_VV0  twice_RR  and_CC  ask_VV0  for_IO  Bawley_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  when_CS that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,    said_VVD  John_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  busy_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  cleaning_VBG  up_RP  after_IO  Master_NNSB1  bloody_JJ  Munyard_NP  .    
  2_MC  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Henry_NP  Turton_NP  ,_,  \0D.S.O_NNSB1  ,_,  \0R.N_NP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  six_MC  submarines_NNS  ,_,  lying_VBG  in_IO  pairs_NNS  alongside_IO  the_AT1  jetty_NN  at_IO  Fort_NNL1  Blockhouse_NP  .  
  black_JJ  and_CC  grimly_RR  businesslike_JJ  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  looked_VVD  and_CC  sounded_VVD  ,_,  for_CS  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  rumbling_VBG  as_CS  they_PPHS2  charged_VVD  their_APP$  electric_JJ  batteries_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  light_JJ  wind_NN  wafted_VVD  the_AT1  smoke_NN  of_IO  diesel_NN  exhaust_NN  in_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Captain's_NNSB2  house_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  pervaded_VVD  every_AT1  room_NN  but_CCB  neither_LE  Harry_NP  nor_CC  Madeleine_NP  Turton_NP  noticed_VVD  its_APP$  existence_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  substantial_JJ  breakfast_NN  .  
  although_CS  usually_RR  a_AT1  very_RG  talkative_JJ  lady_NN  Madeleine_NP  respected_VVD  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  silences_NNS  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  they_PPHS2  betokened_VVD  a_AT1  worry_NN  of_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  many_DA  such_DA  breakfasts_NNS  lately_RR  since_IO  the_AT1  affair_NN  of_IO  Parsifal_NP  .  
  Harry_NP  had_VHD  lost_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  weight_NN  .  
  his_APP$  normal_JJ  placid_JJ  and_CC  steady-going_JJ  manner_NN  remained_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  no_RR  longer_RRR  came_VVD  naturally_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  common_JJ  lot_NN  of_IO  all_DB  squadron_NN  senior_JJ  Officers_NNSB2  to_TO  experience_VV0  such_DA  catastrophes_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  loss_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  submarine_NN  ,_,  though_CS  in_IO  peace_NN  time_NN  these_DD2  happenings_NNS  are_VBR  few_DA  and_CC  far_RR  between_II  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  testing_NN  time_NN  for_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  affair_NN  blows_VBZ  up_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  national_JJ  disaster_NN  and_CC  then_RL  when_CS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  all_RR  over_RP  life_NN  must_VM  continue_VV0  as_CS  before_II  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  the_AT1  Captain_NNSB1  must_VM  present_VV0  an_AT1  unruffled_JJ  appearance_NN  and_CC  carry_VV0  on_RP  as_CS  if_CS  nothing_PN1  unusual_JJ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  .  
  Harry_NP  Turton_NP  had_VHD  written_VBN  letters_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  bereaved_JJ  ,_,  had_VHD  visited_VBN  many_DA  in_IO  the_AT1  locality_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  interviewed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  driven_VBN  his_APP$  surviving_JJ  submarines_NNS  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  harder_RRR  than_CS  usual_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  had_VHD  applied_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  usual_JJ  specifics_NNS  suitable_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  occasions_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  worst_JJT  was_VBDZ  over_RP  now_RL  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  Pericles_NP  affair_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  never_RR  occurred_VBN  to_IO  Harry_NP  Turton_NP  that_CS  Robbie_NP  Munyard_NP  ,_,  popular_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  especially_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  ladies_NNS  ,_,  son_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  famous_JJ  man_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  (_(  apparently_RR  )_)  well_RR  weathered_JJ  submariner_NN  ,_,  should_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  pieces_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  with_IO  disastrous_JJ  effects_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  morale_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  crew_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  .  
  quite_RR  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  walked_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  and_CC  declared_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  command_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  fit_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  under_IO  water_NN  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  burst_VBN  into_IO  tears_NNS  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  naval_JJ  hospital_NN  .  
  acute_JJ  neurasthenia_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  the_AT1  surgeon-rear-admiral_NN  .  
  the_AT1  affair_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  handled_VBN  quietly_RR  and_CC  efficiently_RR  but_CCB  rumours_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  extraordinary_JJ  scene_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  had_VHD  reached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  corners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  establishment_NN  .  
  Munyard_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  his_APP$  jitters_NNS  behind_RP  .  
  long_JJ  conferences_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  between_IO  Harry_NP  Turton_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  Admiral_NNSB1  in_IO  which_DDQ  various_JJ  alterations_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  debated_VBN  .  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  eyeing_VBG  Hanson_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  tingle_NN  passing_VBG  up_IO  and_CC  down_IO  his_APP$  spine_NN  .  
  this_DD1  police_NNS  inspector_NN  looked_VVD  genuine_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  Freeman_NP  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  no_AT1  chances_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  inspector_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  total_JJ  stranger_NN  increased_VVD  his_APP$  suspicions_NNS  .  
  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  well_RR  acquainted_VBN  with_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  officers_NNS  who_PNQS operated_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  district_NN  .  .  
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  blandly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  tell_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  waste_VV0  your_APP$  time_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  some_DD  time_NN  ago_RR  .    
  Hanson's_PPIO2  lips_NNS  tightened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  this_DD1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  lie_NN  .  
  Landis_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  watching_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  Conquests_NP2  had_VHD  not_XX  left_VBN    and_CC  Landis_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  well_RR  trained_VBN  for_IO  work_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  kind_NN  .  
    so_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  .    said_VVD  Hanson_NP  ,_,  with_IO  ominous_JJ  calm_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  advise_VV0  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  lie_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  my_APP$  man_NN  .  
  if_CS  Conquest_NP  gave_VVD  you_PPY  orders_NNS  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  .  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  .    
    when_CS did_VDD  he_PPHO1  go_VV0  .  
  and_CC  where_CS .    
    did_VDD  n't_XX  say_VV0  where_CS ,_,  sir_NN    never_RR  does_VBZ  say_VV0  .    
    when_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  .    
    never_RR  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Fred_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  bland_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  uncertain_JJ  young_JJ  gentleman_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  .  
  might_VM  be_VB0  hours_NNS  .  
  might_VM  be_VB0  days_NNS  .    
    was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  alone_JJ  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  his_APP$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  Hanson_NP  was_VBDZ  now_RL  certain_JJ  that_CS  Freeman_NP  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  .  
  Landis_NP  could_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  have_VH0  missed_VBN  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  attractive_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  Joy_NP  .  
  Hanson_NP  was_VBDZ  rapidly_RR  becoming_VBG  exasperated_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  showed_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  manner_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  else_RR  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  .    he_PPHO1  snapped_VVD  .  
    nobody_PN1  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    no_AT1  servants_NNS  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Bliss_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  housekeeper_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  an_AT1  hour_NN  ago_RR  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  's_VBZ  Livingstone_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS looks_VBZ  after_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest's_PPIO2  car_NN  ,_,  and_CC  does_VBZ  odd_JJ  jobs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  the_AT1  flat_NN  's_VBZ  empty_JJ  .    
  Hanson_NP  swore_VVD  .  
    listen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  my_APP$  man_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  grimly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  a_AT1  hard_JJ  hand_NN  on_IO  Fred's_PPIO2  arm_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  in_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  are_VBR  well_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  Conquest_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  tricky_JJ  ways_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  may_VM  live_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  expensive_JJ  penthouse_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  worse_JJ  than_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  crooks_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  lying_VBG  to_IO  me_PPIO1    on_IO  his_APP$  orders_NNS  .  
  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  penthouse_NN  at_RR  once_RR  .    
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  use_NN  .    asked_VVD  Freeman_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  empty_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  inwardly_RR  excited_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  this_DD1  police_NNS  inspector_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  phony_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  on_IO  the_AT1  spur_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  required_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  really_RR  active_JJ  part_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  employer's_NN1$  enterprises_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thrilled_JJ  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  ,_,    said_VVD  Hanson_NP  curtly_RR  .  
    take_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  immediately_RR  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  Freeman_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  private_JJ  lift_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  minute_NN  later_RRR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ascending_VBG  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  door_NN  slid_VVD  open_JJ  ,_,  Hanson_NP  stepped_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  annoyed_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  Freeman_NP  following_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  lounge_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
    all_RR  right_RR    you_PPY  can_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  lift_NN  down_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Hanson_NP  curtly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  n't_XX  need_VV0  you_PPY  now_RL  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Fred_NP  stubbornly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  the_AT1  guv'nor's_NN1$  orders_NNS  not_XX  to_TO  let_VV0  anybody_PN1  into_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  policeman_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  let_VBN  you_PPY  in_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  staying_VBG  until_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  finished_VBN  .    
  Hanson_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  expected_VBN  this_DD1  difficulty_NN  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  role_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  police_NNS  inspector_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  limit_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  ordering_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  to_TO  arouse_VV0  this_DD1  porter's_NN1$  suspicions_NNS  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  lounge_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  empty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  entire_JB  penthouse_NN  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  !_!    shouted_VVD  Hanson_NP  loudly_RR  .  
  silence_NN    except_IO  for_II  a_AT1  discreet_JJ  cough_NN  from_IO  Fred_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  anybody_PN1  home_NN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    no_AT1  good_NN  you_PPY  shouting_VBG  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    stay_VV0  where_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,    snapped_VVD  Hanson_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  puzzled_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  alarmed_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  Conquests_NP2  were_VBDR  here_RL    they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  left_VBN  ,_,  Landis_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  Hanson_NP  suspected_VVD  a_AT1  trick_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  hand_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pocket_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  uniform_NN  jacket_NN    where_CS he_PPHO1  carried_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN    he_PPHO1  made_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  door_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  led_VVD  through_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  quarters_NNS  .  
  everything_PN1  tidy_JJ  and_CC  neat_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  living_JJ  thing_NN  present_JJ  .  
  Hanson_NP  quickly_RR  explored_VVD  Aunt_NNSB1  Susan's_PPIO2  bedroom_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  also_RR  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  penthouse_NN  .  
  baffled_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
  an_AT1  examination_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bedrooms_NNS  and_CC  bathroom_NN  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  result_NN  .  
  empty_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  passed_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  ,_,  watched_VBN  amusedly_RR  by_IO  Fred_NP  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  .  
  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  life_NN  here_RL  ,_,  either_RR  .  
  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  Merce*?2de*?3s_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  its_APP$  windows_NNS  shattered_VBN  as_IO  of_II  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  .  
    hell_UH  !_!    muttered_VVD  Hanson_NP  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  inwardly_RR  cursed_VVD  Landis_NP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  obviously_RR  fallen_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  job_NN  .  
  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  occupant_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  penthouse_NN  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  premises_NNS    and_CC  Landis_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  go_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  understandable_JJ  that_CS  Aunt_NNSB1  Susan_NP  and_CC  Livingstone_NP  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  the_AT1  watcher's_NN1$  attention_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  incredible_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  missed_VBN  such_DA  striking_JJ  figures_NNS  as_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  Norman_NP  and_CC  Joy_NP  .  
  how_CS the_AT1  devil_NN  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  tricked_VBN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .    asked_VVD  Freeman_NP  patiently_RR  ,_,  as_CS  Hanson_NP  re-entered_VVD  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
    you_PPY  appear_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  been_VBN  right_JJ  ,_,    admitted_VVD  Hanson_NP  savagely_RR  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  nobody_PN1  here_RL  .  
  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  down_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  move_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  lift_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  halted_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  caught_VBN  sight_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  card_NN  prominently_RR  displayed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  cocktail_NN  bar_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  strode_VVD  across_RP  ,_,  and_CC  examined_VVD  it_PPH1    and_CC  a_AT1  fluttery_JJ  sensation_NN  assailed_VVD  his_APP$  stomach_NN  .  
  the_AT1  card_NN  simply_RR  said_VVD    
    back_RP  on_IO  April_NN1  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  .    
  the_AT1  implication_NN  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Conquest's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  ,_,  would_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  functioning_VBG  after_IO  the_AT1  expiration_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  true_JJ  prophet's_NN1$  deadline_NN  .  
  Hanson_NP  inwardly_RR  squirmed_VVD  .  
  this_DD1  young_JJ  hell-hound_NN  was_VBDZ  prepared_VBN  for_IO  everything_PN1  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  suspected_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  opposition_NN  would_VM  invade_VV0  the_AT1  penthouse_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  this_DD1  card_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  benefit_NN  !_!  
  Hanson's_PPIO2  very_DA  appearance_NN    his_APP$  hard_JJ  breathing_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  frustration_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  savage_JJ  expression_NN    assured_VVD  Fred_NP  Freeman_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fake_NN  .  
  no_AT1  genuine_JJ  police_NNS  inspector_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  reacted_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  and_CC  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  agog_JJ  with_IO  excitement_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suddenly_RR  decided_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  move_NN  which_DDQ  might_VM  ,_,  or_CC  might_VM  not_XX  ,_,  meet_VV0  with_IO  Conquest's_PPIO2  approval_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  act_VV0  on_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  initiative_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  heart_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  pump_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  striving_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  his_APP$  voice_NN  normal_JJ  ,_,    but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  one_MC1  room_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  private_JJ  room_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  .    
  Hanson_NP  swung_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  staring_VBG  .  
    a_AT1  private_JJ  room_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  .    
    take_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Hanson_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  suspicion_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  ordinary-looking_JJ  porter_NN  was_VBDZ  adopting_VBG  something_PN1  of_IO  his_APP$  employer's_NN1$  technique_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  surprised_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  to_TO  hear_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  flat_NN  contained_VVD  a_AT1    private_JJ  room_NN  .    
  Fedder_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  trickiness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS signed_VVD  himself_PPX1    1066_NC2  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unfortunate_JJ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  Fedder_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  mentioned_VBN  the_AT1    private_JJ  room_NN      which_DDQ  Fedder_NP  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  occupied_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  his_APP$  mortification_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  when_CS Conquest_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  getting_VBG  to_IO  grips_NNS  with_IO  Pierre_NP  Dacca_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Paris_NP  criminal_NN  .  
    this_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  quivering_VBG  with_IO  eagerness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  Hanson_NP  had_VHD  already_RR  examined_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  plain_JJ  ,_,  austere_JJ  apartment_NN  ,_,  gleaming_VBG  with_IO  porcelain-tiled_JJ  walls_NNS  and_CC  glass_NN  shelves_NNS  .  
  Fred_NP  went_VVD  straight_RR  across_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  plain_JJ  wall_NN  opposite_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  here_RL  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  grinning_VBG  .  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0    make_VV0  a_AT1  fool_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .    shouted_VVD  Hanson_NP  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  doorway_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  wall_NN  .    
  Fred_NP  reached_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  Hanson_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  what_DDQ  his_APP$  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  ;_;  all_DB  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_CS  a_AT1  portion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  silently_RR  opened_VVD  ,_,  revealing_VBG  a_AT1  void_NN  .  
  lights_NNS  sprang_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Hanson_NP  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  staring_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  little_JJ  inner_JB  room_NN  ,_,  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lounge_NN  and_CC  other_DA  articles_NNS  of_IO  furniture_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  rapid_JJ  steps_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  and_CC  peered_VVD  in_RP  .  
  a_AT1  fatal_JJ  move_NN  .  .  
  for_CS  Hanson_NP  had_VHD  placed_VBN  himself_PPX1  exactly_RR  where_CS Fred_NP  Freeman_NP  required_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  quick_JJ  shove_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Hanson_NP  blundered_VVD  headlong_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  room_NN  .  
  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  recover_VV0  his_APP$  balance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wall_NN  had_VHD  closed_VBN  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Fred_NP  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  breathed_VVD  heavily_RR  .  
    blimey_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  right_RR  !_!    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  ,_,  thoroughly_RR  scared_JJ  now_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  thing_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  accomplished_VBN  .  
  months_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  Conquest_NP  had_VHD  shown_VBN  Freeman_NP  the_AT1  secret_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  room_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  useful_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  for_IO  Fred_NP  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  for_CS  Conquest_NP  trusted_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  implicitly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  good_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  Fred_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  loyal_JJ  as_IO  Livingstone_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  actively_RR  assisted_VBN  Norman_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  occasion_NN  rather_RR  overawed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  something_PN1  else_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  again_RR  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  blank_JJ  wall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  a_AT1  little_JJ  cubby-hole_NN  opened_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  far_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  door_NN    much_RR  too_RG  small_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  the_AT1  exit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  and_CC  saw_VVD  Hanson's_PPIO2  face_NN  staring_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  mister_NN  .    asked_VVD  Fred_NP  recklessly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  a_AT1  police_NNS  inspector_NN  .  
  a_AT1  cop_NN  .  
  like_IO  my_APP$  foot_NN  !_!  
  when_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  born_VBN    yesterday_NN1  .    
    my_APP$  God_NP  !_!    panted_VVD  Hanson_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  brain_NN  nearly_RR  bursting_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  alarmed_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  himself_PPX1  trapped_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  gloating_JJ  face_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  trapper_NN  peering_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  through_IO  this_DD1  hole_NN  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_CS  his_APP$  nerve_NN  could_VM  stand_VV0  .  
    Conquest_NP  put_VVD  you_PPY  up_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  !_!    he_PPHO1  snarled_VVD  .  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  and_CC  thrust_VVD  it_PPH1  forward_RR  ,_,  thus_RR  certifying_VBG  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  fake_NN    for_CS  no_AT1  genuine_JJ  police_NNS  inspector_NN  carries_VBZ  a_AT1  gun_NN  .  
    put_VV0  your_APP$  hands_NNS  up_RP  !_!    
  Fred_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  threat_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  idle_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  afford_VV0  to_TO  laugh_VV0  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  sliding_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  range_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  the_AT1  danger_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  trapped_JJ  man_NN  would_VM  reach_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  through_IO  the_AT1  opening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  use_VV0  the_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Fred_NP  scotched_VVD  this_DD1  by_IO  operating_VBG  the_AT1  mechanism_NN  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  causing_VBG  the_AT1  opening_NN  to_TO  close_VV0  itself_PPX1  up_RP  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  he_PPHO1  need_VM  have_VH0  worried_VBN  ;_;  for_CS  Hanson_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  gunman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  excitement_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  to_TO  release_VV0  the_AT1  safety-catch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  automatic_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  ,_,    whispered_VVD  Fred_NP  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  with_IO  jubilation_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  phony_NN  .    
  the_AT1  word_NN  put_VVD  an_AT1  idea_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  dialled_VVD  a_AT1  Streatham_NP  number_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  was_VBDZ  gratified_VBN  to_TO  hear_VV0  Conquest's_PPIO2  clear_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  me_PPIO1  ,_,  sir_NN    Fred_NP  ,_,    panted_VVD  the_AT1  porter_NN  .  
    something_PN1  's_VHZ  happened_VBN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  right_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  .    
    you_PPY  sound_VV0  hoarse_JJ  ,_,  Fred_NP  .  
  calm_VV0  down_RP  ,_,  and_CC  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  ,_,    came_VVD  Conquest's_PPIO2  voice_NN  .  
    spare_VV0  no_AT1  details_NNS  ,_,  however_CS slight_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  that_CS  your_APP$  singular_JJ  narrative_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  fraught_JJ  with_IO  interest_NN  .    
    come_VV0  off_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Conquest_NP  ,_,    protested_VVD  Fred_NP  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  serious_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  locked_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  your_APP$  secret_JJ  room_NN  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  details_NNS  ,_,  describing_VBG  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  .  
    did_VDD  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  right_RR  ,_,  sir_NN  .    he_PPHO1  ended_VVD  anxiously_RR  .  
    the_AT1  word_NN    right_NC2    is_VBZ  totally_RR  inadequate_JJ  ,_,  Fred_NP  ,_,    replied_VVD  Norman_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  chuckle_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    well_RR  done_VBN  !_!  
  as_RG  nice_JJ  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  work_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  remember_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  there_EX  might_VM  be_VB0  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  enemy_NN  activity_NN  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  hardly_RR  expected_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  explode_VV0  so_RG  soon_RR  .  
  this_DD1  blighter_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  gun_NN  ,_,  eh_UH  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  warn_VV0  Bill_NP  Williams_NP  about_IO  that_DD1  .    
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Williams_NP  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  hung_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  get_VV0  through_RP  to_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  ,_,  ask_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  ,_,  and_CC  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  charmed_VBN  .  
  another_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  ungodly_JJ  for_IO  Bill's_PPIO2  collection_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  not_XX  doing_VBG  so_RG  badly_RR  ,_,  Fred_NP  .  
  this_DD1  bloke_NN  of_IO  yours_PP$  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  important_JJ  specimens_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  porter_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  the_AT1  faintest_JJT  idea_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  which_DDQ  Conquest_NP  was_VBDZ  playing_VBG  ,_,  asked_VVD  no_AT1  questions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  Norman's_PPIO2  words_NNS  of_IO  praise_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  lost_VVD  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  getting_VBG  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  .  .  
  at_IO  Hampstead_NP  ,_,  Fedder_NP  was_VBDZ  impatiently_RR  awaiting_VBG  Hanson's_PPIO2  return_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  too_RG  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  Hanson_NP  .  
  more_RR  than_RR  once_RR  ,_,  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  parted_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  sent_VBN  a_AT1  more_RG  determined_JJ  ,_,  more_RG  ruthless_JJ  man_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  assignment_NN  .  
  too_RG  late_RR  now_RL  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  all_DB  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  wait_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  truth_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Fedder_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  pitchforked_VBN  into_IO  near-panic_JB  action_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  fear_NN  that_CS  Conquest_NP  ,_,  if_CS  any_DD  delay_NN  took_VVD  place_NN  ,_,  would_VM  elude_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  there_EX  were_VBDR  tears_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  then_RL  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mighty_RG  big_JJ  temptation_NN  to_TO  back_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  stay_VV0  which_DDQ  would_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  want_VV0  in_IO  my_APP$  goddam_RR  selfish_JJ  way_NN  .  
  so_RR  instead_RR  I_PPIS1  hardened_VVD  my_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  real_RG  hard_JJ  work_NN  .  
  even_RR  Matt_NP  Tompkins_NP  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  dirty_JJ  look_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  he_PPHO1  figured_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  real_RG  mean_JJ  hombre_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  onto_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  tomorrow_NN1  morning_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    meantime_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  stay_VV0  indoors_RL  .  
  this_DD1  town_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  health_NN  resort_NN  .    
    amen_UH  to_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Ma_NNSB1  Tompkins_NP  unexpectedly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  sink_NN  of_IO  iniquity_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  real_JJ  Sodom_NP  and_CC  Gomorrow_NP  .    
    Gomorrah_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  absent-minded_JJ  like_II  .  
  my_APP$  Pa_NNSB1  never_RR  made_VVD  any_DD  mistake_NN  over_IO  words_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  book_NN  .  
    so-long_UH  then_RL  till_IO  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Jeannie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  look_VV0  after_IO  yourself_PPX1  .    
  and_CC  with_IO  those_DD2  weak_JJ  words_NNS  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  on_RP  out_RP  ,_,  avoiding_VBG  Jeannie_NP  Bain's_PPIO2  accusing_JJ  eyes_NNS  and_CC  wishing_VBG  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  strength_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  a_AT1  half_NN  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  around_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  morning_NN  sunlight_NN  not_XX  knowing_VBG  quite_RR  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  next_RR  and_CC  then_RL  of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  find_VV0  Dan_NP  Maffrey_NP  and_CC  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  wised_VBN  up_RP  about_IO  last_DA  night's_NN1$  occurrences_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  ambled_VVD  on_RP  from_IO  Ma_NNSB1  Tompkins's_PPIO2  house_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  livery_NN  stable_NN  .  
  the_AT1  owner_NN  was_VBDZ  inside_RP  rubbing_VBG  down_RP  a_AT1  horse_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  around_RP  watching_VBG  him_PPHO1  and_CC  listening_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  hiss_VV0  through_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  peculiar_JJ  way_NN  hostlers_NNS  have_VH0  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  horse_NN  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  mister_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  his_APP$  hissing_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  brief_JJ  space_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  look_NN  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  Morgan_NP  .  
  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  Marshal_NNSB1  .    
  something_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  this_DD1  ,_,  a_AT1  swift_JJ  flicker_NN  of_IO  double_JJ  knowledge_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  think_VV0  .  
  here_RL  was_VBDZ  someone_PN1  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  known_VBN  all_DB  about_IO  Bill_NP  Appleton_NP  and_CC  someone_PN1  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  had_VHN  enough_DD  time_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  Pell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  gang_NN  know_VV0  about_IO  Appleton's_PPIO2  movements_NNS  and_CC  identity_NN  too_RR  .  
  someone_PN1  maybe_RR  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .  
  this_DD1  man_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  too_RR  .  
    you_PPY  heard_VVD  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  Appleton_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  .    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    yeah_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .    I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  .    
    someone_PN1  must_VM  have_VH0  arranged_VBN  that_DD1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    mebbe_RR  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  jest_RR  hear_VV0  things_NNS  .  
  everyone_PN1  talks_VBZ  to_IO  liverymen_NNS  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA  pow-wowing_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  hereabouts_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  behind_IO  the_AT1  Marshal's_NNSB2  horse_NN  .  
    you_PPY  want_VV0  your_APP$  pony_NN  ,_,  mister_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  little_JJ  pasear_NN  around_RP  .  
  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  hear_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  talk_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  trail_NN  and_CC  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  out_RP  who_PNQS  killed_VVD  Bill_NP  Appleton_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  off_RP  then_RL  to_TO  get_VV0  Bessie_NP  from_IO  an_AT1  inner_JB  stall_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  along_RP  and_CC  whickered_VVD  when_CS she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  liveryman_NN  pulled_VVD  my_APP$  rig_NN  off_IO  a_AT1  nail_NN  and_CC  slapped_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  mare_NN  .  
    you_PPY  coming_VBG  back_RP  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  the_AT1  saddle_NN  fixed_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  aim_VV0  to_TO  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  cold_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  fish_NN  .  
    this_DD1  town_NN  kind_NN  of_IO  grows_VBZ  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  climbed_VVD  up_RP  onto_IO  Bessie_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  resentment_NN  ,_,  fear_NN  and_CC  self-disgust_NN  fighting_VBG  for_IO  possession_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  rode_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  away_RP  from_IO  town_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  trot_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  circle_VV0  around_RP  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  Dan_NP  Maffrey_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hidey-hole_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  ridden_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  hour_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  my_APP$  circle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  the_AT1  trail_NN  along_IO  which_DDQ  Dan_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  in_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  well-worn_JJ  ,_,  wheel-marked_JJ  and_CC  dusty_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  trail_NN  up_RP  to_IO  Colorado_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  figured_VVD  .  
  about_RR  four_MC  miles_NNS  along_RP  ,_,  it_PPH1  swung_VVD  north-east_NN1  ,_,  twisting_VBG  and_CC  turning_VBG  through_IO  rough_JJ  country_NN  with_IO  big_JJ  rocks_NNS  sticking_VBG  out_RP  all_RR  round_RP  .  
  a_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  slow_VV0  up_RP  some_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  trail_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  trotted_VVD  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  spot_NN  lay_VVD  about_RR  half_DB  a_AT1  mile_NN  further_RRR  on_RP  ,_,  on_IO  an_AT1  upgrade_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  steep_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  slow_VV0  any_DD  coach_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  crawl_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  reined_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  look_NN  around_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  medium-sized_JJ  rocks_NNS  and_CC  mesquite_NN  bushes_NNS  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  with_IO  enough_DD  cover_NN  for_IO  men_NNS  and_CC  horses_NNS  until_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  moment_NN  .  
  further_RRR  over_RP  ,_,  about_RR  four_MC  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  west_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  trail_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  ground_NN  rose_VVD  again_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  ridge_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  staring_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  voice_NN  .  
    you_PPY  got_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  idea_NN  as_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Dan_NP  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  bellied_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  stand_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  disappeared_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  reappearing_VBG  seconds_NNS  later_RRR  on_IO  his_APP$  cayuse_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  rode_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  what_DDQ  a_AT1  skill_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  for_IO  reading_VBG  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  good_JJ  a_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  hold-up_NN  as_IO  any_DD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  reining_VBG  in_RP  near_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  tomorrow_NN1  as_RG  likely_RR  as_CS  not_XX  .    
  I_PPIS1  paused_VVD  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Jeannie_NP  'll_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  that_DD1  coach_NN  ,_,  Dan_NP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    
    no_AT1  harm_NN  must_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Dan_NP  .    
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS 'll_VM  be_VB0  after_IO  that_DD1  coach_NN  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  interested_JJ  in_IO  ,_,  Johnny_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  lead_NN  starts_NNS  flying_VBG  she_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  danger_NN  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  so_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  too_RG  busy_JJ  shooting_VBG  at_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  bother_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  folks_NNS  in_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    maybe_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_DD1  girl_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  Dan_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  kind_NN  of_IO  responsible_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  giving_VBG  me_PPIO1  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  strange_JJ  looks_NNS  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   ride_VV0  over_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  mining_NN  camp_NN  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  them_PPHO1  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  working_VBG  for_IO  ,_,  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  the_AT1  townsfolk_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  agency_NN  detective_NN  .    
  with_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  brought_VBN  us_PPIO2   into_IO  this_DD1  business_NN  .  
    maybe_RR  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  about_IO  Appleton_NP  ,_,  Dan_NP  .    
    know_VV0  what_DDQ  .    
    that_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  dead_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  because_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  fascinated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  when_CS you_PPY  tried_VVD  to_TO  surprise_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    dead_JJ  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  dead_JJ  .  
  shuffled_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  .  
  blasted_VBN  down_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  shotgun_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  last_DA  night_NN  .    
    Fenton_NP  or_CC  Somers_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    or_CC  the_AT1  town_NN  Marshal_NNSB1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  added_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  fixed_VBN  ,_,  unreadable_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  rock_NN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   get_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  mining_NN  camp_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  abruptly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  wheeled_VVD  his_APP$  horse_NN  back_RP  off_IO  the_AT1  trail_NN  and_CC  up_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  ridge_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  wild_JJ  hill_NN  country_NN  that_PNQS lay_VVD  all_RR  round_IO  Gilburg_NP  Crossing_NP  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  was_VBDZ  fresh_JJ  and_CC  clear_JJ  and_CC  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  far_RR  over_RP  west_NN1  and_CC  north_NN1  for_IO  many_DA  miles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  real_RG  high_JJ  country_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Rockies_NP2  lifted_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  pale_JJ  water-colour_NN  drawing_NN  .  
  between_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  that_DD1  lay_VVD  a_AT1  vast_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  hills_NNS  ,_,  canyons_NNS  ,_,  buttes_NNS  and_CC  malpais_NN  .  
    the_AT1  mine-workings_NNS  lie_VV0  north_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Dan_NP  .  
    if_CS  we_PPIS2  head_VV0  west_NN1  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  cut_VV0  the_AT1  trail_NN  leading_VBG  from_IO  Gilburg_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .    
  so_RR  we_PPIS2  swung_VVD  west_NN1  ,_,  making_VBG  slow_JJ  going_NN  over_IO  rough_JJ  country_NN  ,_,  sliding_VBG  on_IO  shale_NN  ,_,  climbing_VBG  down_RP  into_IO  draws_NNS  ,_,  circling_VBG  a_AT1  big_JJ  mesa_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  four_MC  or_CC  five_MC  mile_NN  valley_NN  ,_,  sandy-floored_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  got_VVD  hotter_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  day_NN  wore_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  rested_VBN  gratefully_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  creek_NN  where_CS we_PPIS2  watered_VVD  the_AT1  horses_NNS  and_CC  drank_VVD  enough_DD  to_TO  cure_VV0  our_APP$  thirst_NN  .  
  an_AT1  hour's_NN1$  riding_NN  brought_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_IO  a_AT1  trail_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  figured_VVD  would_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  miners'_NN2  camp_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  turned_VVD  north_NN1  into_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  after_IO  about_RR  four_MC  miles_NNS  it_PPH1  led_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  canyon_NN  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  shallow_JJ  draw_NN  .  
  here_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  dried-up_JB  creek-bed_NN  we_PPIS2  found_VVD  the_AT1  miners_NNS  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  scattered_VBN  over_IO  a_AT1  fairly_RR  wide_JJ  area_NN  working_VBG  singly_RR  or_CC  in_IO  pairs_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  approach_VV0  unchallenged_JJ  .  
  just_RR  short_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  diggings_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  roughly-built_JB  shack_NN  and_CC  as_CS  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  near_II  someone_PN1  inside_RP  bawled_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  
    if_CS  you_PPY  come_VV0  any_RR  closer_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  sure_RR  blow_VV0  your_APP$  whiskers_NNS  off_RP  .    
    take_VV0  it_PPH1  easy_RR  ,_,  mister_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  sang_VVD  out_RP  .  
    we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  aim_VV0  to_TO  come_VV0  any_RR  closer_RRR  and_CC  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  no_AT1  whiskers_NNS  so_CS  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  .  
  just_RR  you_PPY  go_VV0  and_CC  tell_VV0  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  come_VBN  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  about_IO  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  unseen_JJ  guard_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  blew_VVD  a_AT1  whistle_NN  then_RL  ,_,  loud_JJ  and_CC  shrill_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  gun_NN  barrel_NN  peeking_VBG  out_RP  through_IO  a_AT1  hole_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  shack_NN  never_RR  wavered_VVD  .  
  we_PPIS2  sat_VVD  our_APP$  horses_NNS  ,_,  waiting_VBG  .  
    looks_VBZ  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  expecting_VBG  trouble_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    where_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  gold_NN  and_CC  women_NNS  there_EX  's_VBZ  always_RR  trouble_NN  ,_,    observed_VVD  Dan_NP  ,_,  shifting_VBG  about_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  saddle_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  long_JJ  on_IO  patience_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  several_DA  men_NNS  running_VBG  down_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  shack_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  armed_VBN  with_IO  rifles_NNS  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  of_IO  them_PPHO1  came_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  shack_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  rifle_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ready_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP  ,_,  still_RR  wearing_VBG  his_APP$  blue_JJ  check_NN  shirt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  up_RP  close_RR  ,_,  eyeing_VBG  us_PPIO2   suspiciously_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  come_VBN  a-calling_VBG  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  calling_VBG  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    still_RR  long_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  here_RL  you_PPY  may_VM  as_RG  well_RR  stay_VV0  a_AT1  while_NN  .  
  'light_VV0  an'_CC  come_VV0  on_RP  in_RP  .    
  we_PPIS2  dismounted_VVD  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  miners_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  come_VBN  along_RP  with_IO  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP  took_VVD  our_APP$  horses_NNS  off_RP  to_TO  water_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  followed_VVD  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  shack_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  rigged_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  stove_NN  of_IO  sorts_NNS  and_CC  on_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  huge_JJ  blackened_JJ  coffee-pot_NN  steamed_VVD  .  
  other_DA  miners_NNS  followed_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  our_APP$  heels_NNS  .  
  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP  found_VVD  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  boxes_NNS  to_TO  sit_VV0  on_IO  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  man_NN  in_IO  bib_NN  overalls_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  battered_JJ  Derby_NP  hat_NN  fussed_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  stove_NN  .  
    ai_VBZ  n't_XX  exactly_RR  the_AT1  Ritz_NP  Hotel_NNL1  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  our_APP$  little_JJ  comforts_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Dowd_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  introduced_VVD  the_AT1  men_NNS  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  come_VBN  in_RP  as_IO  Roper_NP  Smith_NP  ,_,  Shorty_NP  ,_,  Mick_NP  Golightly_NP  ,_,  Swede_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  Sodbuster_NP  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  little_JJ  hombre_NN  in_IO  big_JJ  overalls_NNS  .  
  very_RG  soon_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  tin_NN  mugs_NNS  filled_VBN  with_IO  hot_JJ  black_JJ  coffee_NN  sweetened_VBN  with_IO  molasses_NN  for_IO  all_DB  and_CC  for_IO  us_PPIO2   there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  plates_NNS  of_IO  beans_NNS  .  
    they_PPHS2  gives_VBZ  you_PPY  the_AT1  wind_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Sodbuster_NP  handing_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  we_PPIS2  got_VVD  as_IO  of_II  now_RL  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  a_DA  few_DA  sacks_NNS  of_IO  gold_NN  dust_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  winked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  partners_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  watched_VVD  us_PPIO2   as_CS  we_PPIS2  ate_VVD  the_AT1  beans_NNS  .  
  then_RL  when_CS we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  rolled_VBN  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  the_AT1  man_NN  called_VBN  Shorty_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  saying_VBG  when_CS you_PPY  came_VVD  in_RP  that_CS  somep'n_PN1  happened_VVD  last_DA  night_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    something_PN1  happened_VVD  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  after_CS  you_PPY  'd_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  meeting_NN  ,_,  mister_NN      I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  across_RP  at_IO  Nick_NP  Dowd_NP      someone_PN1  cut_VVD  down_RP  William_NP  Appleton_NP  outside_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  with_IO  a_AT1  shotgun_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  paused_VVD  and_CC  watched_VVD  my_APP$  words_NNS  affect_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  their_APP$  different_JJ  ways_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  sure_RR  bad_JJ  news_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Dowd_NP  ,_,  sombrely_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  jest_RR  about_RR  leaves_VBZ  everything_PN1  wide_RR  open_JJ  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Pell_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  bunch_NN  ,_,    observed_VVD  Shorty_NP  .  
  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  there_RL  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  but_CCB  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  hard_RR  hit_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  simple_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS knew_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  maybe_RR  about_IO  digging_VBG  for_IO  gold_NN  but_CCB  were_VBDR  babes_NNS  in_IO  arms_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  dealing_VBG  with_IO  owlhooters_NNS  and_CC  desperadoes_NNS  like_IO  Pell_NP  and_CC  Fenton_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  hold_VV0  onto_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  right_RR  hyar_RL  ,_,  Nick_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  Sodbuster_NP  .  
    yeah_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  Dowd_NP  dubiously_RR  .  
    mebbe_RR  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  .    
  suprisingly_RR  Dan_NP  Maffrey_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  that_DD1  point_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  asking_VBG  for_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  your_APP$  necks_NNS  before_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  say_VV0    knife_NC2    .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  held_VBN  up_RP  a_AT1  diggings_NN  at_IO  gun_NN  point_NN  either_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  done_VBN  it_PPH1  before_II  and_CC  got_VBN  away_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  durned_RR  tootin'_JJ  ,_,  mister_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  called_VBN  Roper_NP  Smith_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  five_MC  rifles_NNS  among_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  six-shooters_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   ai_VBR  n't_XX  eddicated_VBN  in_IO  shootin'_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  'd_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  massacree_NN  ,_,  yessir_UH  .    
    if_CS  you_PPY  'll_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  chance_NN  on_IO  getting_VBG  your_APP$  gold_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  abide_VV0  by_IO  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  said_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  meeting_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Dan_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  watch_VV0  the_AT1  stage_NN  out_RP  of_IO  reach_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  quite_RR  see_VV0  how_CS all_DB  this_DD1  fitted_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  Dan_NP  Maffrey's_PPIO2  aim_NN  to_TO  avenge_VV0  himself_PPX1  on_IO  the_AT1  Fenton_NP  bunch_NN  but_CCB  still_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  offer_NN  so_CS  I_PPIS1  chimed_VVD  in_RP  too_RR  .  
    that_DD1  goes_VBZ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  gentlemen_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  try_VV0  and_CC  hold_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  couple_NN  or_CC  three_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  no_AT1  more_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  we_PPIS2  can_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  all_RR  right_RR  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Dowd_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  as_CS  we_PPIS2  planned_VVD  it_PPH1  last_DA  night_NN  .  **"_**'  
  an_AT1  Apache_NP  will_VM  give_VV0  plenty_NN  silver_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  magazine_NN  rifle_NN  .  
  and_CC  somebody_PN1  is_VBZ  seeing_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  get_VV0  'em_PPHO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  been_VBN  alerted_VBN  .    
  Brock_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    looks_VBZ  like_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  here_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  time_NN  .    
  the_AT1  Major's_NNSB2  smile_NN  was_VBDZ  grim_JJ  .  
    may_VM  need_VV0  every_AT1  man_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  .    
    count_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  keep_VV0  an_AT1  eye_NN  on_IO  Parkhurst_NP    Slocum_NP  ,_,  if_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  called_VBN    while_CS  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  into_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  .    
    like_IO  what_DDQ  .    
    well_UH  .  Carlyle_NP  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  .  
  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  look_VV0  ,_,  Pete_NP  .  
  did_VDD  n't_XX  it_PPH1  strike_VV0  you_PPY  funny_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  clammed_VVD  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  shooting_NN  .    
  shaking_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  Ahrens_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cold_JJ  fish_NN  .  
  asked_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  questions_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  back_RP  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  opened_VVD  up_RP  .  
  did_VDD  n't_XX  expect_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  .  
  reckon_VV0  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  just_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  let_VV0  the_AT1  matter_NN  solve_VV0  itself_PPX1  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  waiting_VBG  .    
    now_RL  look_VV0  ,_,  feller_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  none_PN1  of_IO  your_APP$  business_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  making_VBG  it_PPH1  my_APP$  business_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  in_IO  blazes_NNS  got_VVD  you_PPY  so_RG      
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  sparked_VVD  with_IO  understanding_NN  .  
    ahhhh_UH  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  slowly_RR  nodded_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  smiling_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  beauty_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  crazy_JJ  .    
  Brock_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  warmth_NN  prickle_VV0  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
    go_VV0  climb_VV0  your_APP$  horse_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  who_PNQS  you_PPY  're_VBR  talking_VBG  about_IO  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  bet_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  sure-shot_NN  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  big_JJ  boy_NN  now_RL  .  
  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  yourself_PPX1  without_IO      
  Brock_NP  waved_VVD  the_AT1  grinning_JJ  Ahrens_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  shack_NN  .  
    go_VV0  play_VV0  with_IO  your_APP$  Indians_NP2  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  !_!    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  just_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  came_VVD  up_RP  this_DD1  way_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  Indian_JJ  signs_NNS  .  
  got_VBN  patrols_NNS  cutting_VBG  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  our_APP$  friend_NN  Carlyle_NP  should_VM  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  since_CS  his_APP$  wagons_NNS  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  back_RP  with_IO  supplies_NNS  .  
  might_VM  be_VB0  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  need_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  cavalry_NN  protection_NN  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  taking_VBG  those_DD2  dispatches_NNS  seriously_RR  .    
    darn_RR  right_JJ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
  anything_PN1  about_IO  Indians_NP2  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  seriously_RR  .  
  and_CC  they_PPHS2  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  their_APP$  bloody_JJ  hands_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  beef_NN  and_CC  whisky_NN  and_CC  beer_NN  and_CC  stuff_NN  he_PPHO1  hauls_VBZ  back_RP  .    
    he_PPHO1  ships_VBZ  out_RP  unbroken_JJ  ore_NN  and_CC  brings_VBZ  back_RP  supplies_NNS  .    
    takes_VBZ  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
  due_JJ  back_RP  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  .  
  goes_VBZ  south_NN1  someplace_RR  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  much_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  turn_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  duty_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  eye_NN  out_RP  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  troopers_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  joshing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  starry-eyed_JJ  Toma*?2s_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  snapped_VVD  to_IO  rigid_JJ  silence_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  approached_VVD  and_CC  mounted_VVD  his_APP$  roan_JJ  gelding_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  ran_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  ,_,  scraped_VVD  it_PPH1  open_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  waved_VVD  the_AT1  trotting_NN  detail_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  way_NN  .  
    Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  ,_,    Toma*?2s_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  riders_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  haze_NN  of_IO  kicked_JJ  up_RP  dust_NN  ,_,    how_CS long_RR  before_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .    
  Brock_NP  rumpled_VVD  the_AT1  boy's_NN1$  hair_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  .  
  enjoy_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  around_RP  here_RL  while_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  here_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ride_VV0  the_AT1  mules_NNS  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  too_RR  .    
  pondering_VBG  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tipped_VVD  the_AT1  curly_JJ  head_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  .  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  Juanito_NP  I_PPIS1  ride_VV0  well_RR  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  one_MC1  ,_,  Diablo_NP  ,_,  does_VBZ  not_XX  like_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  get_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .    
    then_RL  stay_VV0  off_RP  .    
    oh_UH  yes_UH  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  Juanito_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  mule_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  I_PPIS1  ride_VV0  him_PPHO1  almost_RR  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  where_CS the_AT1  Sheriff_NNSB1  lived_VVD  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  soldier_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  ride_VV0  and_CC  ride_VV0  and_CC      
    hold_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  now_RL  .  
  a_AT1  soldier_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  walk_VV0  too_RR  .  
  walk_VV0  far_RR  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  walk_VV0  far_RR  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  walk_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  .    
    you_PPY  keep_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  .  
  no_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  boys_NNS  to_TO  play_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  pout_NN  puckered_VVD  the_AT1  boy's_NN1$  face_NN  .  
    you_PPY  talk_VV0  like_CS  my_APP$  mother_NN  talks_VBZ  .    
    you_PPY  listen_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  mother_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  .    
  Brock_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    a_AT1  soldier_NN  must_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  orders_NNS  ,_,  do_VD0  as_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  told_VBN  .  
  your_APP$  mother_NN  is_VBZ  your_APP$  commander_NN    like_IO  the_AT1  Major_NNSB1  .  
  see_VV0  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  tells_VBZ  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  order_NN  .    
  the_AT1  brown_JJ  eyes_NNS  rolled_VVD  slowly_RR  upward_RR  ,_,  searching_VBG  Brock's_PPIO2  serious_JJ  gaze_NN  .  
  softly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  boy_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .    
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  how_CS about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  good_JJ  soldier_NN  ,_,  or_CC  a_AT1  bad_JJ  boy_NN  .    
  a_AT1  tough_JJ  decision_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  .  
  half_DB  the_AT1  fun_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  a_AT1  boy_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  doing_VBG  the_AT1  things_NNS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  forbidden_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .  !_!  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  snorting_JJ  horses_NNS  and_CC  blue_JJ  uniforms_NNS  and_CC  sheathed_JJ  sabres_NNS  was_VBDZ  too_RG  fresh_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    a_AT1  soldier_NN  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  .    
    promise_VV0  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  honour_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .    
  the_AT1  large_JJ  eyes_NNS  lit_VVD  up_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  promise_VV0    like_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .    
    you_PPY  can_VM  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .    
    no_AT1  more_DA  going_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    no_UH  sir_NN  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Brock_NP  .  
  soldier's_NN1$  promise_NN  .    
  chapter_NN  eight_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  late_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  before_CS  Magdalena_NP  returned_VVD  the_AT1  cleaned_JJ  and_CC  mended_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
  saddling_VBG  Rusty_NP  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  dressed_VBN  ,_,  Brock_NP  cut_VVD  eastward_RR  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Stevens'_NPS$  place_NN  .  
  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  compelled_VBN  to_TO  look_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  shooting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sheriff_NNSB1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  visit_VV0  the_AT1  victim's_NN1$  late_JJ  home_NN1  .  
  maybe_RR  Stevens'_PPIO2  niece_NN  could_VM  furnish_VV0  a_AT1  clue_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  proud_JJ  chestnut_NN  stretched_VVD  limber_JJ  legs_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  rocky_JJ  soil_NN  .  
  his_APP$  interest_NN  was_VBDZ  purely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  shooting_NN  !_!  
  nothing_PN1  else_RR  !_!  
  topping_VBG  a_AT1  slight_JJ  rise_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  squat_JJ  white-painted_JJ  frame_NN  cottage_NN    a_AT1  square_JJ  box_NN  dumped_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drab_JJ  desert_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  slat_NN  fence_NN  girdling_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  uneven_JJ  lines_NNS  .  
  two_MC  low_JJ  stringy_JJ  shrubs_NNS  afforded_VVD  the_AT1  only_DA  touch_NN  of_IO  green_NN  within_IO  sight_NN  .  
  a_AT1  weathered_JJ  unpainted_JJ  stable_NN  stood_VVD  about_RR  fifty_MC  feet_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  man_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  shovel_NN  and_CC  bucket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  walked_VVD  unhurriedly_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dull_JJ  orange_JJ  shirt_NN  hung_VVD  loosely_RR  over_IO  dust_NN  brown_JJ  pants_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  red_JJ  band_NN  circling_VBG  long_JJ  black_JJ  strands_NNS  of_IO  hair_NN  clearly_RR  identified_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_IO  an_AT1  Indian_NN1  .  
  touching_VBG  Rusty_NP  ,_,  Brock_NP  guided_VVD  the_AT1  horse_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  picket_NN  gate_NN  ,_,  dismounting_VBG  as_CS  the_AT1  cottage_NN  door_NN  opened_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  framed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  formal_JJ  full-length_JB  portrait_NN  with_IO  hands_NNS  clasped_VBN  before_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  head_NN  high_RR  .  
  the_AT1  soft_JJ  violet_JJ  eyes_NNS    well_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  neither_LE  soft_JJ  nor_CC  violet_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    just_RR  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Taylor_NP  .    
  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  being_VBG  invited_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    why_CS .  .    
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  hat_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  .  
    just_RR  dropped_VVD  by_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  hello_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Stevens_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  y'_PPY  know_VV0  .    
    Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  certain_JJ  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RG  violet_JJ  than_CS  grey_JJ  .  
  could_VM  it_PPH1  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  black_JJ  dress_NN  of_IO  mourning_NN  that_PNQS brought_VVD  out_RP  such_DA  warm_JJ  lights_NNS  last_DA  evening_NN  .  
  surely_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  gown_NN  she_PPHO1  now_RL  wore_VVD    corn-flower_NN  blue_JJ  ,_,  waist-tight_JJ  with_IO  full_JJ  skirt_NN    should_VM  complement_VV0  tender_JJ  violet_JJ  tints_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  accentuating_VBG  the_AT1  cold_JJ  impersonal_JJ  grey_JJ  stare_NN  that_PNQS challenged_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    just_RR  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  hello_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  awkwardly_RR  .  
    see_VV0  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  anything_PN1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  to_TO      
    I_PPIS1  assure_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  worth_IO  spying_VBG  on_IO  !_!    
    spying_VBG  .    
    Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  !_!    
    told_VVD  you_PPY  what_DDQ  ,_,  ma'am_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  forced_VVD  a_AT1  smile_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  left_VBN  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    of_IO  your_APP$    profession_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  tolerate_VV0  Yankee_JJ  subjugation_NN  back_RP  home_NN1  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  free_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  out_RP  here_RL  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  I_PPIS1  could_VM  evade_VV0  them_PPHO1  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  blue_JJ  uniforms_NNS  .    
    sorry_JJ  you_PPY  feel_VV0  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  ma'am_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  what_DDQ  that_DD1  has_VHZ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  calling_VBG  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  spy_NN  .    
    please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  try_VV0  to_IO  brazen_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Taylor_NP    if_CS  that_DD1  is_VBZ  your_APP$  name_NN  !_!  
  your_APP$  companions_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  questionable_JJ  decency_NN  to_TO  show_VV0  their_APP$  colours_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  .  .    
    yes_UH  .  .  
  but_CCB  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  small_JJ  fists_NNS  clenched_VBN  white_JJ  at_IO  her_APP$  sides_NNS  .  
  sparking_VBG  each_DD1  word_NN  with_IO  bitter_JJ  contempt_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  accused_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  shaking_JJ  vehemence_NN  .  
    you_PPY  pose_VV0  as_IO  something_PN1  you_PPY  never_RR  were_VBDR  !_!  
  trying_VBG  to_TO  win_VV0  your_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle's_PPIO2  confidence_NN  ,_,  just_RR  to_TO  spy_VV0  on_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  your_APP$  Yankee_JJ  masters_NNS  !_!    
    now_RL  just_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  young_JJ  lady_NN  !_!    
  his_APP$  face_NN  reddened_VVD  ,_,  darkening_VBG  the_AT1  welts_NNS  and_CC  bruises_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  emphasizing_VBG  the_AT1  purple_JJ  bulge_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  eye_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  being_VBG  called_VBN  a_AT1  spy_NN  !_!    
    call_VV0  it_PPH1  what_DDQ  you_PPY  will_VM  !_!  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  nastier_JJ  term_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  slamming_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  shut_VBN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  fuming_VBG  as_CS  he_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  the_AT1  white_JJ  picket_NN  fence_NN  .  
  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  oh_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  !_!  
  jamming_VBG  the_AT1  hat_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  Brock_NP  leaped_VVD  to_IO  Rusty's_PPIO2  back_NN  ,_,  swung_VVD  him_PPHO1  towards_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  look_VV0  there_RL  first_RR  and_CC  find_VV0  out_RP  just_RR  what_DDQ  in_IO  the_AT1  blazing_JJ  hell_NN  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  !_!  
  a_AT1  thin_JJ  freckled-faced_JJ  youth_NN  sauntered_VVD  from_IO  around_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  loading_NN  platform_NN  as_CS  Brock_NP  drew_VVD  Rusty_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  rearing_JJ  halt_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy's_NN1$  black_JJ  hat_NN  sat_VVD  far_RR  back_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  thumbs_NNS  were_VBDR  hooked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  cartridge_NN  belt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hog_NN  leg_NN  butt_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  pistol_NN  stuck_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  a_AT1  holster_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  tied_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  skinny_JJ  thigh_NN  .  
    Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  around_RP  .    Brock_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  'im_PPHO1  fer_IO  .    
  the_AT1  boy_NN  tried_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  the_AT1  age-changing_JJ  voice_NN  sound_VV0  hard_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  sounded_VBN  ludicrous_JJ  had_VHD  it_PPH1  not_XX  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  reckless_JJ  chill_NN  shimmering_VBG  in_IO  cat-yellow_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,    Brock_NP  said_VVD  .  
    know_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .    
    maybe_RR  .  
  who_PNQS  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    
    neighbour_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  Carlyle_NP  here_RL  .    
  the_AT1  boy_NN  spat_VVD  between_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS    just_RR  like_IO  O'Shay_NP    and_CC  pressed_VVD  his_APP$  thumbs_NNS  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  pistol_NN  belt_NN    just_RR  like_IO  Clanton_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  squint_VV0  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  like_IO  Beeman_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  'im_PPHO1  ,_,  do_VD0  yuh_PPY  .    
  Brock_NP  looked_VVD  the_AT1  boy_NN  over_RP  from_IO  shabby_JJ  boots_NNS  to_IO  over-sized_JJ  hat_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  trying_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  sonny_NN  .  
  play_VV0  like_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  man_NN  .    
  a_AT1  freckled_JJ  hand_NN  flashed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  hog_NN  leg_NN  butt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gawky_JJ  frame_NN  tensed_VVD  .  
  Brock_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    better_RRR  be_VB0  careful_JJ  who_PNQS  you_PPY  play_VV0  with_IO  ,_,  sonny_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  swung_VVD  Rusty_NP  around_RP  and_CC  toed_VVD  him_PPHO1  into_IO  a_AT1  run_NN  without_IO  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  black-haired_JJ  man_NN  waiting_VBG  motionlessly_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  .  
  Gimpy_NP  Beckett_NP  limped_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  youth_NN  as_CS  Brock_NP  disappeared_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  grade_NN  .  
    see_VV0  him_PPHO1  before_II  .    he_PPHO1  growled_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  shoulda_VM  give_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  !_!    
  Gimpy_NP  glared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  .  
    listen_VV0  ,_,  kid_NN  .  
  just_RR  'cause_CS  you_PPY  shot_VVD  one_MC1  man_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  feel_VV0  like_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  shoot_VV0  'em_PPHO1  all_DB  !_!    
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  need_VV0  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  tellin'_VBG  you_PPY  !_!  
  get_VV0  snotty_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  youngster_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  back_RP  that_DD1  hog_NN  leg_NN  and_CC  warm_VV0  your_APP$  skinny_JJ  butts_NNS  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  Carlyle_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  learn_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  God_NP  I_PPIS1  will_VM  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  limped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  office_NN  .  
  Arkie_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  next_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  saloon's_NN1$  hitching_NN  rail_NN  ,_,  minding_VBG  the_AT1  red-wheeled_JJ  chaise_NN  ,_,  when_CS Brock_NP  rode_VVD  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  black_JJ  stallion_NN  reared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  shafts_NNS  as_CS  Rusty_NP  drew_VVD  close_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Arkie_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  hang_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  .  
    heck_UH  all_DB  !_!    
  Arkie_NP  scolded_VVD  Brock_NP  over_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  better_RRR  'n_CS  to_TO  bring_VV0  a_AT1  horse_NN  that_RG  close_RR  to_IO  Jet_NP  !_!  
  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  sure_RR  give_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  yuh_PPY  ,_,  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  out_RP  !_!    
  from_IO  the_AT1  saddle_NN  ,_,  Brock_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  just_RR  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS Carlyle_NP  is_VBZ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  out_RP  .    
  Arkie_NP  gaped_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  talkin'_VBG  'bout_IO  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  .    
    where_CS is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    
  Brock_NP  nodded_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  saloon_NN  .  
    in_IO  there_RL  .    
  stunned_VBN  ,_,  Arkie_NP  gasped_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  you_PPY  gonna_VBG  tell_VV0  Mister_NNSB1  Carlyle_NP  .    
  dismounting_VBG  ,_,  Brock_NP  slip-knotted_VVD  the_AT1  reins_NNS  around_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  post_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hitch_NN  rail_NN  .  
    keep_VV0  that_DD1  black_JJ  devil_NN  away_RP  from_IO  Rusty_NP  or_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  sick_JJ  horse_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  warned_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  leaped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  wooden_JJ  sidewalk_NN  .  
  about_RP  to_TO  push_VV0  open_JJ  the_AT1  swinging_JJ  doors_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  as_CS  a_AT1  woman_NN  touched_VVD  his_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  a_AT1  gaunt_JJ  little_JJ  creature_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  pinched_JJ  face_NN  seemed_VVD  more_RRR  eyes_NNS  than_IO  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  a_AT1  faded_JJ  blue_JJ  sun-bonnet_NN  hid_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  and_CC  all_DB  of_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  clutched_VVD  a_AT1  thin_JJ  grey_JJ  shawl_NN  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  sun's_NN1$  rays_NNS  were_VBDR  streaks_NNS  of_IO  penetrating_JJ  sleet_NN  .  
  her_APP$  long_JJ  full_JJ  skirt_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  worn_JJ  drab_JJ  plaid_NN  ,_,  swept_VVD  the_AT1  boardwalk_NN  in_IO  uneven_JJ  folds_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  see_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  Taylor_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  ,_,  leaning_VBG  close_RR  .  
    just_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  .  
  please_UH  .    
  Brock_NP  glanced_VVD  impatiently_RR  inside_IO  the_AT1  saloon_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  ma'am_NN  .    
    over_RP  here_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  building_NN  past_IO  the_AT1  saloon_NN  .  
    look_VV0  ,_,  ma'am_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  sound_VV0  patient_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  business_NN  to_TO  attend_VV0  to_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  listen_VV0  if_CS      
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  remember_VV0  me_PPIO1  Mister_NNSB1  Taylor_NP  .    
  the_AT1  interruption_NN  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  by_IO  surprise_NN  .  
  remember_VV0  this_DD1  frail_JJ  little_JJ  old_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  before_II  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  .  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  none_PN1  .  
  only_RR  silence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  staggered_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  packing-cases_NNS  ,_,  rummaged_VVD  among_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  held_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  bound_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  galvanized_JJ  wire_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  twist_VV0  and_CC  turn_VV0  ,_,  feeling_VBG  the_AT1  wire_NN  heat_VV0  up_RP  between_IO  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  ,_,  begin_VV0  to_TO  burn_VV0  my_APP$  flesh_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  ignored_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  kept_VVD  twisting_VBG  until_CS  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  about_RR  six_MC  inches_NNS  in_IO  length_NN  came_VVD  free_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  limped_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  knelt_VVD  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  lock_NN  was_VBDZ  massive_JJ  but_CCB  ancient_JJ  and_CC  simple_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  key_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  look_VV0  straight_RR  through_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  dimming_JJ  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  probed_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  ,_,  got_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  tumbler_NN  and_CC  lifted_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  wire_NN  bent_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  cursed_VVD  ,_,  pulled_VVD  it_PPH1  clear_JJ  ,_,  straightened_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  tried_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  again_RR  it_PPH1  bent_VVD  .  
    here_RL  ,_,    Seona's_PPIO2  voice_NN  from_IO  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  nail_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  long_JJ  nail_NN  ,_,  stronger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  snatched_VVD  it_PPH1  from_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  probed_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  lifted_VVD  and_CC  this_DD1  time_NN  the_AT1  tumbler_NN  rose_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  way_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  slipped_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  place_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  paused_VVD  ,_,  wiped_VVD  sweat_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  brow_NN  and_CC  listened_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  guard_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  outside_RP  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  heard_VBN  the_AT1  attempts_NNS  at_IO  picking_VBG  the_AT1  lock_NN  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  was_VBDZ  still_JJ  .  
  with_IO  trembling_JJ  fingers_NNS  I_PPIS1  thrust_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  nail_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tumbler_NN  rose_VVD  the_AT1  whole_JJ  way_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lock_NN  snapped_VVD  open_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  nerves_NNS  were_VBDR  jangling_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  back_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  breathing_VBG  heavily_RR  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  and_CC  slowly_RR  ,_,  stealthily_RR  I_PPIS1  eased_VVD  it_PPH1  open_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  creaked_VVD  .  
  my_APP$  heart_NN  missed_VVD  a_AT1  beat_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  waited_VVD  .  
  still_RR  no_AT1  sound_NN  from_IO  outside_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  wide_JJ  .  
  carefully_RR  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  passageway_NN  .  
  the_AT1  chair_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  ,_,  cigarette-ends_NNS  littered_VVD  the_AT1  floor_NN  beside_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  gloomy_JJ  light_NN  of_IO  evening_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  look_VV0  straight_RR  along_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  hallway_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  grasped_VVD  Seona's_PPIO2  arm_NN  ,_,  pulled_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  me_PPIO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  silently_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  passage_NN  keeping_VBG  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  my_APP$  groin_NN  was_VBDZ  paining_VBG  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  swollen_VBN  but_CCB  somehow_RR  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  seem_VV0  so_RG  bad_JJ  now_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  hallway_NN  .  
  still_RR  the_AT1  silence_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  eerie_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  make_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    stay_VV0  here_RL  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  on_IO  my_APP$  toes_NNS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  door_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  courtyard_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  truck_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  beckoned_VVD  .  
  Seona_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  join_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  my_APP$  lips_NNS  were_VBDR  against_IO  her_APP$  ear_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  hair_NN  brushing_VBG  my_APP$  face_NN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  of_IO  Farrel_NP  .  
  ask_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  go_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  or_CC  De_NP  Sotto_NP  .    
  her_APP$  face_NN  turned_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    and_CC  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  follow_VV0  ,_,    ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  hastily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  still_RR  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  far_RR  behind_IO  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  voice_NN  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  whisper_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  come_VBN  this_RG  far_RR  together_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  you_PPY  now_RL  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  need_VV0  my_APP$  help_NN  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  has_VHZ  said_VBN  that_CS  Jeronimo's_PPIO2  men_NNS  are_VBR  between_IO  us_PPIO2   and_CC  the_AT1  coast_NN  .    
    do_VD0  as_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  told_VBN  .    
  my_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  harsh_JJ  ,_,  impatient_JJ  .  
    no_UH  .  
  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  together_RR  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  time_NN  to_TO  argue_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  quickly_RR  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  climb_VV0  ,_,  placing_VBG  my_APP$  feet_NNS  carefully_RR  on_IO  each_DD1  step_NN  ,_,  keeping_VBG  close_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  deep_JJ  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  balustrade_NN  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  I_PPIS1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  bent_VVD  double_JJ  and_CC  looked_VVD  each_DD1  way_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  ,_,  along_IO  the_AT1  dim_JJ  empty_JJ  silence_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  then_RL  ,_,  padding_VBG  softly_RR  ,_,  making_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  .  
  double_JJ  doors_NNS  stood_VVD  open_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  inside_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  bare_JJ  empty_JJ  room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  evening_NN  breeze_NN  blew_VVD  gently_RR  in_RP  through_IO  windows_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  glazing_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  .  
  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  doors_NNS  were_VBDR  shut_VBN  .  
  slowly_RR  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  fraction_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  in_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  signs_NNS  of_IO  recent_JJ  occupation_NN  .  
  papers_NNS  scattered_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  cigarette-ends_NNS  too_RR  .  
  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  pin-up_JB  pictures_NNS  stuck_VBN  to_IO  one_MC1  wall_NN  .  
  then_RL  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  ,_,  working_VBG  my_APP$  way_NN  along_RP  ,_,  seeing_VBG  signs_NNS  of_IO  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  having_VHG  been_VBN  in_IO  use_NN  until_CS  at_RR  last_RR  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  met_VBN  Jeronimo_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  careful_JJ  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  the_AT1  keyhole_NN  first_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  too_RR  was_VBDZ  deserted_VBN  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  furniture_NN  covered_VBN  by_IO  dust_NN  sheets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  frowning_VBG  ,_,  puzzled_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  knowing_VBG  what_DDQ  to_TO  make_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  next_RR  to_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  fully_RR  furnished_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  great_JJ  canopied_JJ  bed_NN  occupying_VBG  most_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  bed_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  made_VBN  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  went_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  two_MC  doors_NNS  farther_RRR  on_RP  ,_,  and_CC  almost_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  landing_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  a_AT1  handle_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  in_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  horrible_JJ  sickening_JJ  stench_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  staggered_VVD  back_RP  .  
  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  Seona_NP  retreated_VVD  hurriedly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  forward_RR  again_RR  into_IO  darkness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  still_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  matches_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  struck_VVD  one_MC1  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  flame_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  shuttered_JJ  windows_NNS  ,_,  saw_VVD  a_AT1  low_JJ  truckle-bed_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  table_NN  beside_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  a_AT1  form_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  someone_PN1  covered_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  blanket_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  stood_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  oil_NN  lamp_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  held_VVD  my_APP$  breath_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  raised_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  ,_,  lighted_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  the_AT1  room_NN  filled_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  warm_JJ  mellow_JJ  light_NN  .  
  gingerly_RR  I_PPIS1  raised_VVD  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blanket_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dead_JJ  face_NN  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  closed_VBN  ,_,  dark-ringed_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  face_NN  waxen_JJ  and_CC  showing_VBG  still_RR  the_AT1  lines_NNS  of_IO  pain_NN  and_CC  suffering_NN  .  
  hurriedly_RR  I_PPIS1  ripped_VVD  away_RP  the_AT1  blanket_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  naked_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  well_RR  built_VBN  and_CC  young_JJ  :_:  one_MC1  arm_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  bandaged_VBN  ,_,  an_AT1  arm_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  swollen_VBN  to_IO  enormous_JJ  proportions_NNS  and_CC  stinking_VBG  ,_,  gangrenous_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  other_DA  arm_NN  lay_VVD  across_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  ,_,  unnaturally_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  placed_VBN  there_RL  deliberately_RR  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  purpose_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  bent_VVD  closer_RRR  ,_,  saw_VVD  the_AT1  pinprick_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hole_NN  made_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  hypodermic_JJ  syringe_NN  .  
  someone_PN1  had_VHD  been_VBN  merciful_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  the_AT1  blanket_NN  back_RP  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  clothing_NN  lay_VVD  piled_VVD  over_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  trousers_NNS  ,_,  shoes_NNS  ,_,  socks_NNS  ,_,  underclothing_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  shirt_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  jacket_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  shirt_NN  .  
  the_AT1  right_JJ  sleeve_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  ripped_VBN  open_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  heavily_RR  bloodstained_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  right_JJ  sleeve_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  cold_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  that_DD1  same_DA  sleeve_NN  of_IO  Baker's_PPIO2  raincoat_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  torn_VBN  ,_,  ripped_VBN  open_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  Baker_NP  .  
  Baker_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  short_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  past_IO  middle_JB  age_NN  and_CC  sandy-haired_JJ  ,_,  balding_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  whirl_VV0  around_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  clothing_NN  ,_,  rummaged_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  pockets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  trousers_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  held_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  around_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  jacket_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  flung_VVD  the_AT1  clothing_NN  back_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  and_CC  as_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  so_PN1  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  the_AT1  shoulder_NN  holster_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  hung_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  partly_RR  concealed_VBN  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  ,_,  drew_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  automatic_NN  .  
  a_AT1  P.38_&FO  .  
  a_AT1  full_JJ  clip_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  butt_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  spare_JJ  clip_NN  attached_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  holster_NN  .  
  quickly_RR  I_PPIS1  slipped_VVD  off_RP  my_APP$  jacket_NN  ,_,  hung_VVD  the_AT1  holster_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  shoulder_NN  and_CC  shrugged_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  jacket_NN  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lamp_NN  ,_,  bent_VVD  to_TO  blow_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  sooner_RRR  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  contact_NN  now_RL  with_IO  Farrel_NP  the_AT1  better_JJ  .  
  from_IO  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  slither_NN  of_IO  footsteps_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  Seona_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  and_CC  I_PPIS1  froze_VVD  .  
  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  nose_NN  wrinkled_VBN  in_IO  disgust_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  smell_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  woman_NN  Jeronimo_NP  had_VHD  called_VBN  Elsa_NP  .  
  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  peering_VBG  round_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  were_VBDR  Ginetti_NP  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  ,_,  surprise_NN  on_IO  their_APP$  faces_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  pointing_VBG  straight_RR  at_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long-barrelled_JJ  Luger_NP  .  
  9_MC  .  
    take_VV0  your_APP$  hand_NN  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  lamp_NN  .    
  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  high_JJ  and_CC  thin_JJ  and_CC  sharp_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  stench_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  because_CS  even_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  gun_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  safer_JJ  with_IO  distance_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  Ginetti_NP  was_VBDZ  by_IO  her_APP$  side_NN  and_CC  slightly_RR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  blocking_VBG  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  boy_NN  peered_VVD  in_RP  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  slowly_RR  I_PPIS1  straightened_VVD  ,_,  let_VVD  my_APP$  hands_NNS  drop_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  lamp_NN  .  
    come_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  moved_VVD  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  steps_NNS  nearer_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  .    
  I_PPIS1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  tense_JJ  ,_,  every_AT1  muscle_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  body_NN  taut_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  mind_NN  reeling_VBG  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  a_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  situation_NN  .  
    how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  get_VV0  out_RP  .    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  pistol_NN  she_PPHO1  held_VVD  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  finger_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  crooked_VBN  around_IO  the_AT1  trigger_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  showed_VVD  white_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  pressure_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  exerting_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  close_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  close_JJ  to_IO  death_NN  .  
    how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  get_VV0  out_RP  .    
  still_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  had_VHD  risen_VBN  still_RR  higher_RRR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nervous_JJ  ,_,  uncertain_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  gauged_VVD  the_AT1  distance_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   judging_VBG  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  get_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  pull_VV0  the_AT1  trigger_NN  .  
  but_CCB  eight_MC  feet_NNS  or_CC  more_DA  separated_VVD  us_PPIO2   :_:  and_CC  Ginetti_NP  too_RR  had_VHD  his_APP$  pistol_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  held_VBN  loosely_RR  by_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  but_CCB  nevertheless_RR  ready_JJ  for_IO  action_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  boy_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  too_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  armed_VBN  .  
    answer_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  the_AT1  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  danger_NN  signal_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  nerves_NNS  reaching_VBG  a_AT1  pitch_NN  when_CS anything_PN1  could_VM  happen_VV0  .  
    through_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  mumbled_VVD  ,_,  my_APP$  mouth_NN  dry_JJ  .  
    how_CS else_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  relax_VV0  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  only_RR  a_RR  little_RR  .  
    and_CC  the_AT1  girl_NN  .    
    gone_VBN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    Christ_NP  !_!    Ginetti's_PPIO2  voice_NN  broke_VVD  in_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  frightened_JJ  .  
    Jeronimo_NP  's_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  play_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Contessa_NNSB1  .  
  shoot_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .    
  nervously_RR  she_PPHO1  licked_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  uncertain_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  herself_PPX1  more_RG  firmly_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  barrel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pistol_NN  quivered_VBN  as_CS  an_AT1  extra_JJ  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  trigger_NN  .  
  and_CC  inside_IO  me_PPIO1  my_APP$  nerves_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  shiver_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  jar_VV0  .  
  now_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  now_RL  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  myself_PPX1  to_TO  leap_VV0  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  get_VV0  the_AT1  pistol_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  went_VVD  off_RP  .  
  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  happened_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  easy_JJ  matter_NN  to_TO  kill_VV0  in_IO  cold_JJ  blood_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  the_AT1  mentality_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  women_NNS  have_VH0  .  
  vicious_JJ  though_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  the_AT1  Contessa_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  exception_NN  .  
    get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  way_NN  .    
  Ginetti's_PPIO2  voice_NN  had_VHD  risen_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  panicking_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  losing_VBG  control_NN  .  
    move_VV0  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  edged_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  shoulder_VV0  her_PPHO1  aside_RP  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  freedom_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  hand_NN  which_DDQ  held_VVD  the_AT1  pistol_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  had_VHD  closed_VBN  in_RP  upon_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  in_IO  front_II  of_II  him_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  now_RL  grouped_VBN  tightly_RR  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  my_APP$  heart_NN  lurched_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  shadowy_JJ  figure_NN  appeared_VVD  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  figure_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  Seona_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS moved_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  into_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  jumped_VBN  at_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  arms_NNS  outstretched_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  the_AT1  Contessa_NNSB1  full_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  ,_,  sending_VBG  her_PPHO1  staggering_VBG  in_RP  at_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  barging_VBG  Ginetti_NP  violently_RR  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  I_PPIS1  leaped_VVD  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  Luger_NP  going_VBG  off_RP  almost_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bullet_NN  missing_VBG  me_PPIO1  by_IO  inches_NNS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  swayed_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  chopped_VVD  in_RP  a_AT1  blow_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  palm_NN  alongside_IO  her_APP$  jaw_NN  .  
  her_APP$  head_NN  snapped_VVD  violently_RR  around_RP  and_CC  sideways_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  rolled_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  the_AT1  whites_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  slumped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  Ginetti_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  down_RP  on_IO  one_MC1  knee_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  on_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  before_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  .  
  again_RR  that_DD1  chopping_VBG  blow_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  blow_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  kill_VV0  if_CS  aimed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  spot_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  time_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wrist_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  which_DDQ  held_VVD  his_APP$  pistol_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hard_JJ  ,_,  really_RR  hard_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  his_APP$  gasp_NN  of_IO  pain_NN  ,_,  heard_VVD  too_RR  the_AT1  clatter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  hitting_VBG  the_AT1  floor_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  brought_VVD  my_APP$  knee_NN  up_RP  violently_RR  into_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  him_PPHO1  flying_VBG  backwards_RR  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  staggered_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  ,_,  then_RL  gathered_VVD  myself_PPX1  ready_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  slipped_VBN  back_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  shotgun_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  shortened_JJ  barrels_NNS  swinging_VBG  as_CS  he_PPHO1  wrestled_VVD  with_IO  Seona_NP  :_:  a_AT1  Seona_NP  whose_PNQV$  teeth_NNS  showed_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  tigerish_JJ  fury_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  and_CC  pulled_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  knuckles_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  white_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  on_IO  those_DD2  barrels_NNS  ,_,  fighting_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  them_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .    my_APP$  dear_JJ  Frank_NP  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  hear_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  dead_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  and_CC  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_RR  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  fastened_VBN  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  am_VBM  now_RL  seated_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  recorder_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  invented_VBN  a_AT1  weapon_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  call_VV0  liquid_JJ  glass_NN  .  
  the_AT1  atom_NN  bomb_NN  causes_VBZ  death_NN  by_IO  fire_NN  .  
  my_APP$  invention_NN  causes_VBZ  death_NN  by_IO  freezing_NN  .  
  liquid_JJ  glass_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  crystals_NNS  .  
  five_MC  of_IO  these_DD2  crystals_NNS  enclosed_VBN  within_IO  a_AT1  glass_NN  cylinder_NN  are_VBR  sufficient_JJ  ,_,  when_CS dropped_VBN  from_IO  a_AT1  plane_NN  ,_,  to_TO  reduce_VV0  the_AT1  land_NN  beneath_II  to_IO  a_AT1  thick_JJ  crust_NN  of_IO  ice_NN  .  
  all_DB  people_NNS  caught_VBN  within_IO  the_AT1  belt_NN  are_VBR  frozen_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  instantly_RR  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  should_VM  a_AT1  free_JJ  nation_NN  be_VB0  threatened_VBN  by_IO  another_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  can_VM  meet_VV0  the_AT1  menace_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  enemy's_NN1$  atomic_JJ  fire_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  introduction_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  ice_NN  age_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  placed_VBN  my_APP$  formula_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  secret_JJ  cache_NN  for_IO  greater_JJ  safety_NN  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  ,_,  Frank_NP    I_PPIS1  very_RG  much_RR  fear_VV0    that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  shadowed_VBN  and_CC  that_CS  some_DD  person_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  faint_JJ  inkling_NN  as_IO  to_II  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  brought_VBN  into_IO  being_VBG  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  ever_RR  heard_VBN  talk_NN  concerning_IO  three_MC  men_NNS  who_PNQS are_VBR  known_VBN  as_IO  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  three_MC  ,_,  who_PNQS have_VH0  managed_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  to_TO  elude_VV0  capture_NN  .  
  their_APP$  field_NN  of_IO  operation_NN  is_VBZ  world_NN  wide_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  rumour_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  at_IO  present_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  .  
  these_DD2  three_MC  men_NNS  have_VH0  the_AT1  reputation_NN  of_IO  possessing_VBG  superb_JJ  nerve_NN  and_CC  cunning_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  many_DA  inside_JB  stories_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  happenings_NNS  under_IO  cover_NN  within_IO  Europe_NP  .  
  the_AT1  merest_JJT  glimpse_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  face_NN  is_VBZ  sufficient_JJ  warning_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  initiated_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  proof_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  be_VB0  on_IO  your_APP$  guard_NN  .  
    now_RL  for_IO  your_APP$  instructions_NNS  .  
    snatch_VV0  a_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS the_AT1  house_NN  is_VBZ  unoccupied_JJ    but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  send_VV0  the_AT1  servants_NNS  out_IO  too_RG  obviously_RR    then_RL  go_VV0  upstairs_RL  to_IO  the_AT1  attic_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  room_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  pictures_NNS  resting_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  choose_VV0  Psyche_NP  and_CC  Pan_NP  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  between_IO  this_DD1  outer_JB  covering_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  sealed_JJ  packet_NN  .  
  the_AT1  words_NNS    liquid_NC2  glass_NC2    are_VBR  written_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  envelope_NN  .  
  take_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  Professor_NNSB1  Slade_NP  ,_,    Carmel_NP  ,_,    Balfour_NP  Crescent_NNL1  ,_,  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  once_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  possession_NN  your_APP$  task_NN  is_VBZ  completed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  whilst_CS  this_DD1  operation_NN  is_VBZ  in_IO  progress_NN  I_PPIS1  beg_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  use_VV0  the_AT1  utmost_JB  discretion_NN  .  
  trust_VV0  no_PN1  one_PN  ;_;  neither_LE  a_AT1  friend_NN  nor_CC  a_AT1  beloved_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  remember_VV0    you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  holding_VBG  dynamite_NN  .  
    there_EX  remains_VBZ  nothing_PN1  more_DA  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Frank_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  well_RR  .    
  the_AT1  tape_NN  ran_VVD  on_RP  soundlessly_RR  until_CS  Frank_NP  ,_,  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  spell_NN  ,_,  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  fast-wind_JB  switch_NN  .  
  now_RL  he_PPHO1  understood_VVD  the_AT1  Professor's_NNSB2  agony_NN  of_IO  indecision_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  answer_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  atomic_JJ  bomb_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  a_AT1  fearful_JJ  answer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  mantle_NN  of_IO  responsibility_NN  descending_VBG  upon_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  shoulders_NNS  .  
  lifting_VBG  off_RP  the_AT1  tape_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  over_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  should_VM  do_VD0  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  of_RR  course_RR  remove_VV0  the_AT1  message_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  naturally_RR  preferred_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  it_PPH1  with_IO  the_AT1  sealed_JJ  packet_NN  to_IO  Slade_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  meanwhile_NN  where_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  keep_VV0  the_AT1  tape_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  dared_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  about_RP  ,_,  so_CS  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  it_PPH1  perpetually_RR  around_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  this_DD1  point_NN  settled_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  shower_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  tied_VBN  the_AT1  belt_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  bathrobe_NN  he_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  the_AT1  tape_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  pocket_NN  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  shower_NN  compartment_NN  his_APP$  brain_NN  ran_VVD  riot_NN  ,_,  in_IO  company_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  falling_JJ  jets_NNS  of_IO  water_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  through_IO  his_APP$  hair_NN  while_CS  he_PPHO1  figured_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  only_RR  need_VV0  the_AT1  right_JJ  opportunity_NN  to_TO  snatch_VV0  the_AT1  packet_NN  ,_,  then_RL  carry_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  New_NP  York_NP  and_CC  my_APP$  part_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  .    
  when_CS he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  again_RR  looking_VBG  around_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  unexpected_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  too_RG  darned_RR  easy_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  your_APP$  imagination_NN  take_VV0  the_AT1  reins_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  admonished_VVD  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  really_RR  believe_VV0  Zinnerman's_PPIO2  secret_NN  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  credit_VV0  the_AT1  Professor's_NNSB2  notion_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  trailed_VBN  .  
    no_UH    just_RR  a_AT1  sick_JJ  man_NN  weaving_VBG  fantasies_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  watch_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  warned_VVD  ,_,    or_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  starting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  road_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  key_NN  softly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  slept_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  house_NN  .  
  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  later_RRR  Frank_NP  lay_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  room_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  smoking_VBG  and_CC  flicking_VBG  over_RP  the_AT1  pages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tape_NN  now_RL  reposed_VVD  beneath_IO  his_APP$  pillow_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  night_NN  was_VBDZ  endless_JJ  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  the_AT1  least_DA  hope_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  sleep_VV0  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  aside_RP  his_APP$  cigarette_NN  end_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  silver_NN  tray_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  in_IO  retrospect_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  again_RR  Zinnerman's_PPIO2  face_NN  close_RR  to_IO  his_PP$  ,_,  and_CC  felt_VVD  the_AT1  Professor's_NNSB2  hands_NNS  gripping_VBG  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  relived_VVD  the_AT1  scene_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  drifted_VVD  into_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  !_!  
  Frank_NP  sat_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  listened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  click-click_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  table_NN  lamp_NN  ,_,  swung_VVD  his_APP$  feet_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  reached_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  robe_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  anyone_PN1  there_RL  .    he_PPHO1  called_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  room_NN  he_PPHO1  groped_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  button_NN  and_CC  flooded_VVD  the_AT1  apartment_NN  with_IO  illumination_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  wait_VV0  a_AT1  minute_NN  to_TO  adjust_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  vision_NN  .  
  then_RL  going_VBG  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  he_PPHO1  released_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  passage_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
    is_VBZ  someone_PN1  there_RL  .    he_PPHO1  queried_VVD  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  replied_VVD  .  
  no_AT1  sound_NN  disturbed_VVD  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  silence_NN  which_DDQ  now_RL  ruled_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  closed_VVD  his_APP$  door_NN  .  
  his_APP$  watch_NN  registered_VVD  two_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  extinguished_VVD  the_AT1  lamp_NN  and_CC  pulled_VVD  back_RP  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  drapes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dark_JJ  sky_NN  was_VBDZ  lit_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  silver_JJ  moon_NN  boat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trees_NNS  were_VBDR  scarcely_RR  discernible_JJ  ;_;  a_AT1  serene_JJ  autumnal_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wandered_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  Stuyvesant_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  packet_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  table_NN  and_CC  used_VVD  his_APP$  lighter_NN  .  
  seated_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  he_PPHO1  commenced_VVD  to_TO  evolve_VV0  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  morrow_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  two_MC  .  
  frenzied_JJ  web_NN  .  
  the_AT1  new_JJ  day_NN  proved_VVD  a_AT1  whirlpool_NN  of_IO  activity_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  dozens_MC2  of_IO  letters_NNS  ,_,  attend_VV0  to_IO  callers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  each_DD1  phone_NN  call_NN  which_DDQ  occurred_VVD  about_RR  every_AT1  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  at_IO  mid-day_NN  Benn_NP  entered_VVD  Frank's_PPIO2  study_NN  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  tray_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  wanted_VVD  only_RR  a_AT1  sandwich_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  for_IO  luncheon_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  butler_NN  deposited_VVD  the_AT1  tray_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  slip_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  .  
    sure_UH  ,_,    Frank_NP  agreed_VVD  absently_RR  .  
  then_RL  as_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  departed_VVD  realisation_NN  dawned_VVD  .  
  with_IO  Benn_NP  removed_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  house_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  virtually_RR  empty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  servants_NNS  had_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  a_AT1  while_NN  since_II  .  
  Johnson_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  with_IO  sufficient_JJ  work_NN  to_TO  occupy_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  at_RR  least_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  late_JJ  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  desperately_RR  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  lost_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  hinted_VBN  to_IO  Frank_NP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  fun_NN  and_CC  consumed_VBN  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  highballs_NNS  .  
  possibly_RR  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  noise_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  woken_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Frank_NP  had_VHD  decided_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  within_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  span_NN  of_IO  time_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  his_APP$  chance_NN  within_IO  his_APP$  grasp_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  until_CS  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  slam_VV0  ;_;  made_VVD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  check_NN  to_TO  ascertain_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  house_NN  really_RR  was_VBDZ  untenanted_JJ  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  swiftly_RR  mounted_VVD  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  which_DDQ  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  storey_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  a_AT1  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  room_NN  looked_VVD  rather_RR  eerie_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  faint_JJ  light_NN  filtering_VBG  in_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  lowered_JJ  shades_NNS  .  
  Frank_NP  crossed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  door_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  the_AT1  handle_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  several_DA  pieces_NNS  of_IO  furniture_NN  stored_VBN  in_IO  here_RL  .  
  resting_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  wall_NN  were_VBDR  a_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  pictures_NNS  ,_,  gilded_JJ  frames_NNS  turned_VBN  towards_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  examined_VVD  each_DD1  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  then_RL  as_CS  the_AT1  fifth_MD  picture_NN  passed_VVD  through_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  with_IO  quickening_JJ  pulses_NNS  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  sought_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  study_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  kneeling_JJ  Psyche_NP  imploring_VBG  the_AT1  aid_NN  of_IO  Pan_NP  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  genial_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  apparently_RR  giving_VBG  advice_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  stricken_JJ  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  lost_VBN  her_APP$  lover_NN  through_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  imprudence_NN  and_CC  mistrust_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  produced_VVD  his_APP$  penknife_NN  and_CC  gently_RR  attacked_VVD  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  aware_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  task_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  delicately_RR  done_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  owed_VVD  that_DD1  to_IO  Zinnerman_NP  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  finished_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  square_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  plywood_NN  fell_VVD  away_RP  .  
  there_RL  ,_,  resting_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  canvas_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  sealed_JJ  packet_NN  ,_,  measuring_VBG  not_XX  more_DA  than_IO  six_MC  inches_NNS  by_IO  four_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  read_VVD    liquid_NC2  glass_NC2    inscribed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Professor's_NNSB2  neat_JJ  script_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  the_AT1  package_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  commenced_VVD  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  restoring_VBG  the_AT1  picture_NN  in_IO  as_RG  perfect_JJ  a_AT1  condition_NN  as_CS  before_II  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  at_RR  last_RR  satisfied_JJ  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  descended_VVD  the_AT1  staircase_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  strode_VVD  swiftly_RR  into_IO  his_APP$  room_NN    and_CC  stopped_VVD    eyes_NNS  riveted_VBN  upon_IO  his_APP$  black_JJ  jacket_NN  lying_VBG  across_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  hand_NN  pocket_NN  reposed_VVD  the_AT1  tape_NN  .  
  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  careless_JJ  as_CS  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  here_RL  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  the_AT1  next_DA  instant_NN  .  
  the_AT1  dwelling_NN  was_VBDZ  deserted_VBN  .  
  nevertheless_RR  his_APP$  conscience_NN  troubled_VVD  him_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  slid_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  pocket_NN  to_TO  recover_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  tape_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  there_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  explored_VVD  the_AT1  left_JJ  side_NN  pocket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  again_RR  drew_VVD  blank_JJ  .  
  where_CS was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  certain_JJ  beyond_IO  a_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  doubt_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  there_RL  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  his_APP$  gaze_NN  flashed_VVD  around_RP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tape_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  recorder_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  left_VBN  bare_JJ  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  bounded_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tape_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quarter_NN  wound_VBN  off_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  switched_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  fast-wound_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  playback_NN  button_NN  .  
  with_IO  an_AT1  indescribable_JJ  shock_NN  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  Zinnerman's_PPIO2  voice_NN  saying_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  words_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  message_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  stopped_VVD  the_AT1  machine_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  taut_JJ  .  
  someone_PN1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  room_NN  during_IO  his_APP$  absence_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  move_VV0  as_CS  realisation_NN  flooded_VVD  his_APP$  brain_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  fled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  is_VBZ  there_RL  .    he_PPHO1  shouted_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  voice_NN  echoed_VVD    and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  swift_JJ  search_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  floor_NN  rooms_NNS  and_CC  rushed_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  to_TO  explore_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  no_PN1  one_PN  .  
  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  lawn_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  laboratory_NN  and_CC  threw_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  wide_JJ  .  
  Johnson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  terribly_RR  busy_JJ  ,_,  glanced_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  an_AT1  apparently_RR  startled_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Frank_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  greeted_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  come_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  hand_NN  .  
  that_DD1  sure_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  acceptable_JJ  .    
  Frank_NP  ignored_VVD  this_DD1  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  just_RR  now_RL  .    he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  abruptly_RR  .  
  Johnson_NP  ruffled_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  hair_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  ,_,  me_PPIO1  .    he_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    good_JJ  God_NP  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  far_RR  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  thinking_VBG  of_IO  brewing_VBG  coffee_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  love_VV0  some_DD  .  
  better_RRR  make_VV0  it_PPH1  black_JJ  though_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  last_DA  night_NN  .    
  Frank_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  read_VV0  within_IO  Johnson's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  then_RL  Frank_NP  withdrew_VVD  ,_,  closing_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  after_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  swiftly_RR  back_RP  up_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  and_CC  removing_VBG  the_AT1  tape_NN  ,_,  slid_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  wretchedly_RR  ,_,  
    how_CS much_DA  harm_NN  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  caused_VBN  already_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  abundantly_RR  clear_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  an_AT1  intruder_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  just_RR  how_CS far_RR  that_DD1  person_NN  had_VHD  advanced_VBN  in_IO  knowledge_NN  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  to_IO  speculation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  time_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tape_NN  ,_,  or_CC    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  as_RG  wise_JJ  as_CS  Frank_NP  was_VBDZ  .  
  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  tell_VV0  .  
  there_EX  just_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  time_NN  to_TO  waste_VV0  in_IO  self-reproach_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  criminal_JJ  carelessness_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  part_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0    think_VV0  fast_RR  ,_,  and_CC  decide_VV0  just_RR  how_CS the_AT1  situation_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  remedied_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  down_RP  upon_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  Johnson_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  probable_JJ  candidate_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  intruder_NN  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  way_NN  of_IO  checking_VBG  up_RP  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  tall_JJ  trees_NNS  stood_VVD  sentinel_NN  below_II  dressed_VBN  in_IO  their_APP$  garlands_NNS  of_IO  russet_JJ  leaves_NNS  .  
  autumn_NN  .  
  the_AT1  loveliest_JJT  season_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  a_AT1  figure_NN  was_VBDZ  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  stone_NN  courtyard_NN  below_II  .  
  Benn_NP  ,_,  returning_VBG  from_IO  his_APP$  errand_NN  no_AT1  doubt_NN  .  
  Frank_NP  turned_VVD  away_RP  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  new_JJ  line_NN  of_IO  thought_NN  arrested_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  could_VM  this_DD1  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  work_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stranger_NN  .  
  a_AT1  person_NN  Frank_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  creature_NN  well_RR  adapted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  art_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  unnoticed_JJ  entry_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  swift_JJ  melting_NN  away_RP  afterwards_RR  when_CS the_AT1  task_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  completed_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  saboteur_NN  perhaps_RR  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  terrible_JJ  three_MC  .  
  but_CCB  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  deal_VV0  with_IO  facts_NNS  known_VBN  .  
  however_CS much_DA  his_APP$  enemy_NN  had_VHD  learned_VBN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  point_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  aware_JJ  of_IO  ,_,  namely_RR  that_CS  Frank_NP  had_VHD  already_RR  secured_VBN  the_AT1  packet_NN  .  feeling_VBG  rather_RR  diminished_VBN  by_IO  being_VBG  reduced_VBN  to_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  obvious_JJ  manoeuvre_NN  ,_,  Sam_NP  swung_VVD  abruptly_RR  round_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  ,_,  vaulted_VVD  ,_,  as_RG  silently_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  over_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  garden_NN  wall_NN  ,_,  and_CC  crouched_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  prickly_JJ  refuge_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  bush_NN  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  footsteps_NNS  panicked_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  almost_RR  running_VBG  .  
  evidently_RR  the_AT1  trailer_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  novice_NN  .  
  then_RL  Sam_NP  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  footsteps_NNS  belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  straggly_JJ  beard_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS had_VHD  claimed_VBN  Han's_PPIO2  attention_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  Sam_NP  felt_VVD  reckless_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  danger_NN  written_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  stars_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  write_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  autobiography_NN  .  
  without_IO  taking_VBG  any_DD  further_JB  precautions_NNS  ,_,  Sam_NP  followed_VVD  the_AT1  follower_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  lost_VVD  his_APP$  nerve_NN  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_TO  face_VV0  Sam_NP  .  
    well_UH  .    Sam_NP  demanded_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  straggly_JJ  beard_NN  trembled_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  catch_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  coincidence_NN  !_!  for_CS  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,    Sam_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  ,_,    that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  caught_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  was_VBDZ  recovering_VBG  his_APP$  composure_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  ,_,    till_CS  we_PPIS2  passed_VVD  a_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Han_NP  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  you_PPY  .  .    
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  talk_VV0  here_RL  ,_,    Sam_NP  answered_VVD  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  .  er_UH  .  .    
    Singh_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  bearded_JJ  man_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  conferring_VBG  a_AT1  favour_NN  .  
    my_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  Singh_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  about_IO  Foster_NP  .    
    so_RG  many_DA  names_NNS  !_!    said_VVD  Sam_NP  .  
    why_CS should_VM  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  about_IO  Foster_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  before_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .    
  Singh_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  there_EX  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  storm_NN  .    
  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  certainly_RR  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  loaded_VBN  with_IO  thunder_NN  ;_;  and_CC  Sam_NP  wondered_VVD  how_CS intolerable_JJ  the_AT1  other's_$  social_JJ  manners_NNS  could_VM  get_VV0  .  
  were_VBDR  they_PPHS2  now_RL  going_VBG  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  weather_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  conscious_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  muscles_NNS  absorbing_VBG  the_AT1  secrets_NNS  of_IO  flexion_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  synaptic_JJ  gathering_NN  inside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  would_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  worth_IO  pulling_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  silly_JJ  little_JJ  beard_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  you_PPY  know_VV0  about_IO  Foster_NP  ,_,    Singh_NP  said_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  would_VM  need_VV0  a_AT1  genius_NN  for_IO  letting_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  rip_VV0  by_RP  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  Foster_NP  .  
  newspapers_NNS  had_VHD  bellowed_VBN  headlines_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  settler_NN  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  complained_VBN  that_CS  his_APP$  native_JJ  gardener_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  too_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  slugged_VBN  the_AT1  man_NN  so_RG  hard_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  pushed_VBN  him_PPHO1  into_IO  eternity_NN  .  
  Foster_NP  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  hitting_VBG  his_APP$  native_JJ  servants_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  gardener_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  too_RG  far_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  right_JJ  that_CS  Foster_NP  should_VM  hang_VV0  ,_,    Singh_NP  said_VVD  curtly_RR  .  
    yet_RR  this_DD1  new_JJ  government_NN  may_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  start_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  era_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  execution_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  man_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  may_VM  feel_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  bias_VV0  their_APP$  relations_NNS  with_IO  other_DA  western_JJ  powers_NNS  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  sign_VV0  our_APP$  petition_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  visitor_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  States_NP  ,_,  your_APP$  signature_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  .  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  man_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  even_RR  troubled_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  Sam_NP  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  believed_VVD  in_IO  capital_JJ  punishment_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  vengeance_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  dish_NN  best_RBT  eaten_VBN  cold_JJ  !_!  
  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  right_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  black_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS killed_VVD  whites_NNS  should_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  punished_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  who_PNQS killed_VVD  blacks_NNS  should_VM  go_VV0  free_JJ  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  law_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  impartial_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  capital_JJ  punishment_NN  part_NN  of_IO  any_DD  law_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  be_VB0  justified_VBN  .  
  Singh_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  men_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  away_RP  the_AT1  petition_NN  .  
  but_CCB  surely_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  for_CS  Sam_NP  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  prejudiced_JJ  .  
  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  black_JJ  as_IO  night_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  not_XX  knowing_VBG  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  called_VBN  him_PPHO1  Sam_NP  Dark_NP  .  
    my_APP$  name_NN  's_VBZ  trash_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  nice_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  be_VB0  proud_JJ  of_IO  yourself_PPX1  .    
  Sam_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Singh_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  circumstances_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  'd_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  ten_MC  minutes'_NN2  start_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  walk_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  or_CC  have_VH0  you_PPY  on_IO  my_APP$  heels_NNS  .    
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  tail_NN  of_IO  footsteps_NNS  just_RR  out_RP  of_IO  synchrony_NN  ;_;  and_CC  when_CS Sam_NP  passed_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  small_JJ  bar_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  open_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  solitary_JJ  footsteps_NNS  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  place_NN  was_VBDZ  utterly_RR  undistinguished_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  Sam_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  drink_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  Mary_NP  Parker_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Singh_NP  with_IO  his_APP$  wish_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Foster_NP  strung_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  rafters_NNS  .  
  and_CC  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  drunk_VBN  away_RP  the_AT1  rancid_JJ  taste_NN  ,_,  Sam_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  Han_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS long_RR  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  drinking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  reached_VVD  no_AT1  conclusions_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  bar_NN  finally_RR  because_CS  the_AT1  proprietor_NN  begged_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  porter_NN  or_CC  of_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  staff_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  yet_RR  Sam_NP  wanted_VVD  one_MC1  last_DA  cool_JJ  glass_NN  before_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whirling_JJ  fans_NNS  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Grandad's_NNSB2  soda_NN  pop_NN  was_VBDZ  paying_VBG  enough_DD  to_TO  justify_VV0  Sam_NP  throwing_VBG  a_DA  little_DA  weight_NN  around_RP  .  
  Sam_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  consultant_NN  on_IO  market_NN  research_NN  in_IO  relation_NN  to_IO  coloured_JJ  citizens_NNS  in_IO  America_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  been_VBN  yanked_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  advertising_NN  department_NN  and_CC  sent_VBN  off_RP  as_IO  ambassadorial_JJ  salesman_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  state_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  soda_NN  pop_NN  salesman_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS kept_VVD  his_APP$  finger_NN  jammed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  bell_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  eerie_JJ  thing_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  nobody_PN1  would_VM  come_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  somehow_RR  the_AT1  luxury_NN  hotel_NN  was_VBDZ  adrift_RR  and_CC  floating_VBG  away_RP  without_IO  a_AT1  crew_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  stifling_JJ  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  for_IO  another_DD1  bell_NN  ,_,  in_IO  case_NN  the_AT1  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ringing_VBG  was_VBDZ  at_IO  fault_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  jabbed_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  viciousness_NN  that_PNQS surprised_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  saved_VBN  his_APP$  finger_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  obstinacy_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  sit_VV0  himself_PPX1  down_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  padded_JJ  chair_NN  .  
  surely_RR  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR  some_DD  servant_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pass_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  term_NN  policy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sam_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  weary_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  acquire_VV0  a_AT1  skull_NN  cap_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  before_CS  anything_PN1  happened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  hotel_NN  had_VHD  won_VBN  the_AT1  round_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  moved_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lifts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS Sam_NP  flipped_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  inside_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  alone_JJ  :_:  there_EX  was_VBDZ  someone_PN1  on_IO  his_APP$  bed_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  woman_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  made_VBN  herself_PPX1  at_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  sleep_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Mary_NP  Parker_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  bogus_JJ  fortune_NN  teller_NN  who_PNQS   read_VVD    the_AT1  vibrations_NNS  accumulated_VVD  on_IO  things_NNS  people_NNS  had_VHD  carried_VBN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  impetus_NN  of_IO  fate_NN  ,_,  psychometry_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  handsome_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  awake_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  asleep_JJ  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  ghastly_JJ  .  
  then_RL  Sam_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  penknife_NN  .  
  his_APP$  penknife_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  plunged_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  woman's_NN1$  heart_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  staggered_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  private_JJ  bathroom_NN  and_CC  passed_VVD  a_AT1  wet_JJ  sponge_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  unhooked_VVD  the_AT1  shaving_NN  mirror_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  mirror_NN  over_IO  Mary_NP  Parker's_PPIO2  mouth_NN  .  
  Mary_NP  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  much_DA  blood_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Sam_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  knife_NN  there_EX  'd_VM  be_VB0  plenty_NN  .  
  ought_VM  he_PPHO1  to_TO  pull_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  knife_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  the_AT1  witch_NN  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  blood_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  awkward_JJ  if_CS  .  .  
  if_CS  what_DDQ  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  body_NN  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  mausoleum_NN  .  
  a_AT1  blood_NN  trail_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  confession_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  recover_VV0  his_APP$  knife_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  let_VV0  the_AT1  corpse_NN  bleed_VV0  comfortably_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  cushions_NNS  .  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  Sam's_PPIO2  one_MC1  obsessive_JJ  idea_NN  was_VBDZ    to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  and_CC  how_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  happened_VBN  ,_,  these_DD2  were_VBDR  hideous_JJ  questions_NNS  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  .  
  Sam_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  complained_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  management_NN  !_!  
  what_DDQ  damned_JJ  right_NN  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  to_TO  give_VV0  permission_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  caller_NN  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  guest_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  .  
  such_DA  slipshod_JJ  security_NN  was_VBDZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  lead_VV0  to_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  Mary_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  a_AT1  wink_NN  meaning_VBG      Sam_NP  's_VBZ  expecting_VBG  me_PPIO1    ,_,  they_PPHS2  ought_VM  n't_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  fallen_VBN  for_IO  that_DD1  flattering_JJ  assumption_NN  of_IO  sophistication_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  first-class_JJ  hotel_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  state_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  brothel_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  regime_NN  .  
  Jesus_NP  !_!  .  if_CS  Mary's_PPIO2  body_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  in_IO  Sam's_PPIO2  room_NN  with_IO  Sam's_PPIO2  knife_NN  pinning_VBG  it_PPH1  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  dimension_NN  of_IO  eternity_NN  .  .  
  although_CS  Sam_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  body_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  control_VV0  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  force_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_TO  number_VV0  off_RP  the_AT1  tasks_NNS  in_IO  hand_NN  :_:  1_MC1  )_)  drag_VV0  the_AT1  corpse_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  2_MC  )_)  look_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  the_AT1  coast_NN  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  ,_,  3_MC  )_)  get_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  lift_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  night_NN  porter_NN  took_VVD  to_IO  operating_VBG  the_AT1  damned_JJ  thing_NN  again_RR  ,_,  4_MC  )_)  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  and_CC  change_NN  clothes_NNS  in_IO  case_NN  of_IO  bloodstains_NNS  ,_,  5_MC  )_)  think_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  good_JJ  bluff_NN  if_CS  some_DD  minion_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  story_NN  about_IO  showing_VBG  Mary_NP  Parker_NP  up_RP  to_IO  Sam's_PPIO2  room_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_IO  perdition_NN  with_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  think_VV0  straight_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  needed_VBN  was_VBDZ  a_DA  little_DA  crooked_JJ  action_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  forced_VVD  himself_PPX1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bedside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  arms_NNS  to_TO  grab_VV0  the_AT1  corpse_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  pits_NNS  .  .  
    dear_UH  me_PPIO1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dark_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  any_DD  further_JB  violence_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  unnecessary_JJ  .  .    
  Sam_NP  spun_VVD  round_RP  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  pushing_VBG  out_RP  his_APP$  lips_NNS  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  kiss_VV0  or_CC  be_VB0  kissed_VBN  ,_,  had_VHD  come_VBN  silently_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
    oh_UH  dear_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  the_AT1  hotel_NN  detective_NN  .    
  Sam_NP  goggled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    where_CS the_AT1  devil_NN  have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  bitterly_RR  .  
    why_CS can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  prevent_VV0  this_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  happening_VBG  .    
    do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  that_DD1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dark_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  everywhere_RR  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  had_VHN  trouble_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  lady_NN  who_PNQS lost_VVD  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  brooch_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  interviewing_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  staff_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  lady_NN  insisted_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  we_PPIS2  discovered_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  used_VBN  the_AT1  brooch_NN  for_IO  pinning_VBG  a_AT1  cheque_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  laundry_NN  list_NN  .  
  old_JJ  ladies_NNS  are_VBR  capable_JJ  of_IO  anything_PN1  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  never_RR  credit_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  do_VD0  without_IO  a_AT1  second_MD  thought_NN  .  
    they_PPHS2  stick_VV0  a_AT1  hat_NN  pin_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  tiresome_JJ  dog_NN  or_CC  leave_VV0  a_AT1  valuable_JJ  brooch_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  laundry_NN  list_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  forget_VV0  all_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  whereas_CS  you_PPY  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  twinge_NN  of_IO  conscience_NN  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  .  or_CC  else_RR  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  bloody_JJ  sight_NN  more_RG  careful_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  tried_VVD  to_TO  suck_VV0  in_RP  his_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  much_DA  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    my_APP$  name_NN  is_VBZ  Ralph_NP  Chand_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  pleased_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  prevented_VBN  you_PPY  from_IO  doing_VBG  something_PN1  foolish_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  get_VV0  flustered_JJ  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  crisis_NN  .    
  Sam_NP  was_VBDZ  speechless_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  hotel_NN  detectives_NNS  talk_VV0  like_IO  nursery_NN  governesses_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  eat_VV0  up_RP  all_DB  our_APP$  bread_NN  and_CC  butter_NN  before_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  any_DD  cake_NN  ,_,  must_VM  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  .  
  then_RL  Sam_NP  tensed_VVD  .  
  perhaps_RR  this_DD1  imbecile_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  murderer_NN  who_PNQS 'd_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  to_TO  gloat_VV0  and_CC  perhaps_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  some_DD  more_DA  damage_NN  .  
  Chand_NP  said_VVD  conversationally_RR  ,_,  
    stabbed_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  prefer_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  poisoned_VBN  or_CC  strangled_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  suit_VV0  your_APP$  personality_NN  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS carries_VBZ  a_AT1  knife_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
  Sam_NP  felt_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  swelling_VBG  like_IO  bubbles_NNS  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  say_VV0  that_DD1  again_RR  .    he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  faintly_RR  .  
    perhaps_RR  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dark_NP  ,_,    Chand_NP  said_VVD  brusquely_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  are_VBR  finding_VBG  it_PPH1  hard_JJ  to_TO  believe_VV0  in_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  holding_VBG  a_AT1  gun_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  handcuffs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  here_RL  is_VBZ  my_APP$  warrant_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  verify_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  ,_,  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  in_IO  order_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  real_JJ  .  
    and_CC  now_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  hotel_NN  detective_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  accompany_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  Sam_NP  stepped_VVD  back_RP  .  
    oh_UH  no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  wait_VV0  here_RL  till_CS  the_AT1  real_JJ  police_NNS  take_VV0  charge_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  locked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  told_VBN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  wash_VV0  dishes_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .    
  the_AT1  detective_NN  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  getting_VBG  his_APP$  lower_JJ  lip_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  upper_JB  teeth_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  released_VVD  it_PPH1  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  sprang_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bulge_NN  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  attack_VV0  .  
    sir_NN  ,_,    \0Mr_NNSB1  Chand_NP  said_VVD  firmly_RR  ,_,    what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  .  
  after_IO  this_DD1  unfortunate_JJ  incident_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  waiting_VBG  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  lawyer_NN  in_IO  town_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Dark_NP  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  our_APP$  acting_JJ  President_NNSB1  while_CS  Bassanto_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  Nyamba_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  a_AT1  higher_JJ  authority_NN  .    
  Sam_NP  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  telephone_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  his_APP$  amazement_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  answered_VBN  almost_RR  immediately_RR  .  
  anyone_PN1  would_VM  think_VV0  the_AT1  hotel_NN  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  to_IO  orderly_JJ  schedule_NN  .  
  Sam_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    give_VV0  me_PPIO1  police_NNS  headquarters_NN  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  switchboard_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  drank_VVD  off_IO  the_AT1  Scotch_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  find_VV0  out_RP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    another_DD1  one_MC1  ,_,  Sergeant_NNSB1  .    
  he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  .  
    may_VM  as_RG  well_RR  make_VV0  a_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    
  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  it_PPH1  quite_DA  a_AT1  session_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  two_MC  hours_NNS  I_PPIS1  gathered_VVD  more_DA  information_NN  about_IO  Sergeant_NNSB1  Ellison_NP  than_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  known_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  bar_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  Bloomsbury_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  drank_VVD  just_RR  about_RR  enough_DD  to_TO  loosen_VV0  our_APP$  tongues_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  to_IO  the_AT1  good_NN  because_CS  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  irrelevant_JJ  data_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  odd_JJ  fact_NN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  that_PNQS ,_,  though_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  unimportant_JJ  ,_,  came_VVD  in_RP  very_RG  handy_JJ  later_RRR  on_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  draw_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  on_IO  Malaya_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  rubber_NN  plantations_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  weighed_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  problems_NNS  of_IO  Indian_JJ  labour_NN  .  
  strikes_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  blowing_VBG  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  flimsiest_JJT  pretext_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  one_MC1  that_PNQS had_VHD  threatened_VBN  to_TO  paralyse_VV0  production_NN  just_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
    that_DD1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  ,_,    was_VBDZ  when_CS I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  to_TO  drive_VV0  an_AT1  engine_NN  .    
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  a_AT1  railway_NN  engine_NN  .    
    a_AT1  small_JJ  one_MC1  .    
  he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  .  
    much_RR  smaller_JJ  than_IO  anything_PN1  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  down_RP  at_IO  Ravi_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  cab_NN  lay-out_NN  's_VBZ  roughly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  branch_NN  line_NN  connecting_VBG  the_AT1  plantation_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  Singapore_NP  track_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  strike_NN  came_VVD  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  wagons_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  move_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  way_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  half-jokingly_RR  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  drive_VV0  the_AT1  Calcutta-Peshawar_NP  express_NN  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  drive_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  hell_NN  into_IO  heaven_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  at_RR  least_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  damn_RR  good_JJ  try_NN  .    
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  neither_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   talking_VBG  in_IO  deadly_JJ  earnest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  no_AT1  idea_NN  then_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  ever_RR  need_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  drive_VV0  a_AT1  locomotive_NN  .  
  yet_RR  when_CS the_AT1  time_NN  came_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  needed_VVD  a_AT1  driver_NN  and_CC  seconds_NNS  were_VBDR  precious_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  little_DA  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  learnt_VBN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  that_DD1  evening_NN  snapped_VVD  into_IO  mind_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sweetness_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  difference_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  back_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  learnt_VVD  quite_DA  a_AT1  lot_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  useful_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  couple_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Bloomsbury_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  close_RR  on_IO  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  left_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  jeep_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  ,_,  another_DD1  car_NN  came_VVD  blaring_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  American_JJ  make_NN  ,_,  half_DB  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  tank_NN  and_CC  unmistakably_RR  belonged_VVD  to_IO  Sarwate_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  too_RG  often_RR  at_IO  Dalgoorie_NP  to_TO  have_VH0  any_DD  doubts_NNS  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  sight_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  all_RR  flesh_NN  ,_,  peering_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  windscreen_NN  ,_,  and_CC  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  woman_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  sari_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  her_APP$  features_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  young_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  Scotch_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  right_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  very_RG  much_RR  alone_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  world_NN  away_RP  from_IO  Fay_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  muttered_VVD  an_AT1  entreaty_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  three_MC  nights_NNS  at_RR  least_RR  would_VM  be_VB0  quiet_JJ  ;_;  then_RL  ,_,  swinging_VBG  the_AT1  jeep_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  tarmac_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  Sarwate_NP  up_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  .  
  22_MC  .  a_AT1  luscious_JJ  little_JJ  windfall_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  slept_VVD  soundly_RR  from_IO  midnight_NN  to_IO  six_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  woke_VVD  feeling_VBG  more_RG  thoroughly_RR  rested_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  for_IO  ten_MC  days_NNS  .  
  there_EX  'd_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  hornet-buzz_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  bazar_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  jangling_JJ  telephone-bells_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  hours_NNS  .  
  some_DD  distant_JJ  Hindu_JJ  deity_NN  ,_,  possibly_RR  Vishnu_NP  the_AT1  preserver_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  nine_MC  incarnations_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  lent_VBN  an_AT1  ear_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  prayer_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  unbeliever_NN  and_CC  laid_VBN  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  hand_NN  on_IO  Kulachi_NP  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  thing_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  thankful_JJ  for_IO  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  me_PPIO1  there_EX  was_VBDZ  another_DD1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  equally_RR  if_CS  not_XX  more_RG  important_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  Tuesday_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  August_NN1  the_AT1  eleventh_MD  ,_,  and_CC  Fay_NP  was_VBDZ  arriving_VBG  from_IO  Delhi_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  slipped_VVD  on_RP  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  sandals_NNS  ,_,  snatched_VVD  myself_PPX1  a_AT1  quick_JJ  ,_,  cool_JJ  shower_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  dollop_NN  of_IO  breakfast_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ran_VVD  the_AT1  jeep_NN  down_RP  to_IO  area_NN  headquarters_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  airy_JJ  feeling_NN  that_PNQS in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  heat_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  remember_VV0  this_DD1  day_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  pleasanter_JJ  landmark_NN  of_IO  monsoon_NN  1942_MC  .  
  Betty_NP  had_VHD  only_RR  just_RR  arrived_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  called_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  signals_NNS  section_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  and_CC  picked_VBN  up_RP  what_DDQ  messages_NNS  there_EX  were_VBDR  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sealed_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  envelope_NN  and_CC  labelled_VBN  top_JB  secret_JJ    obviously_RR  from_IO  \0G.H.Q_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  slit_VVD  the_AT1  flap_NN  and_CC  pulled_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  folded_JJ  slip_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  with_IO  all_DB  kinds_NNS  of_IO  misgivings_NNS  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  desperately_RR  worried_JJ  about_IO  Fay_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  spoken_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  less_DA  than_IO  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  before_II  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  seemed_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  upset_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  ,_,  from_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  narrow_JJ  shave_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Kutcherry_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  just_RR  how_CS little_DA  was_VBDZ  needed_VBN  to_TO  spark_VV0  off_RP  an_AT1  outbreak_NN  of_IO  violence_NN  ,_,  how_CS swiftly_RR  a_AT1  peaceful_JJ  street_NN  could_VM  become_VV0  as_RG  dangerous_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  valley_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  crumbling_JJ  dam_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mere_JB  mention_NN  of_IO  Delhi_NP  ,_,  on_IO  this_DD1  of_IO  all_DB  days_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  calculated_VBN  to_TO  set_VV0  all_DB  my_APP$  nerve-ends_NNS  tingling_VBG  ;_;  and_CC  with_IO  the_AT1  press_NN  and_CC  radio_NN  clamped_VBN  into_IO  virtual_JJ  silence_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  subject_NN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  two_MC  sources_NNS  of_IO  news_NN  :_:  rumour_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  wild_JJ  and_CC  unreliable_JJ  and_CC  reports_NNS  from_IO  \0G.H.Q_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  reliable_JJ  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspected_VVD  ,_,  never_RR  told_VVD  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  casting_VBG  an_AT1  eye_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  message_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  anything_PN1  to_TO  cause_VV0  immediate_JJ  concern_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  mention_NN  of_IO  Delhi_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  context_NN  of_IO  student_NN  demonstrations_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  hell_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  let_VBN  loose_JJ  in_IO  Bombay_NP  .  
  a_AT1  railway_NN  station_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  raided_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  government_NN  grain-shop_NN  looted_VBN  and_CC  burnt_VBN  ,_,  telegraph_NN  wires_NNS  cut_VBN  and_CC  stones_NNS  thrown_VBN  at_IO  trains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  military_NN  had_VHD  had_VHN  to_TO  intervene_VV0  and_CC  there_EX  'd_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  casualties_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  fatal_JJ  .  
  there_EX  'd_VHD  also_RR  been_VBN  some_DD  firing_NN  in_IO  Lucknow_NP  and_CC  Poona_NP  ,_,  and_CC  more_DA  trouble_NN  in_IO  Ahmedabad_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  even_RR  more_RG  disturbing_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  no_AT1  reference_NN  at_IO  all_DB  to_IO  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  at_IO  Kulachi_NP  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  places_NNS  were_VBDR  detailed_VBN  in_IO  connection_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  were_VBDR  called_VBN    minor_JJ  disturbances_NNS    ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  spot_VV0  Kulachi_NP  anywhere_RR  among_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  made_VVD  me_PPIO1  think_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  once_RR  but_CCB  three_MC  times_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  \0Brig_NNSB1  had_VHD  sent_VBN  a_AT1  wire_NN  up_RP  to_IO  district_NN  ,_,  and_CC  both_DB2  Rob_NP  and_CC  Scattergood_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  their_APP$  own_DA  individual_JJ  reports_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  Sadar_NP  bazar_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  even_RR  classed_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1    minor_JJ  disturbance_NN    .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  down_IO  my_APP$  nose_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  message_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  the_AT1  hell_NN  sort_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  \0G.H.Q_NN  meant_VVD  when_CS they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  about_IO    a_AT1  student_NN  demonstration_NN    .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  abruptly_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  worth_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  meant_VVD  what_DDQ  Rob_NP  described_VVD  as_IO    wilful_JJ  bloody_JJ  murder_NN    ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  prevent_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  Delhi_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  miles_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  Ganges_NP  plain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  damned_JJ  sight_NN  too_RG  far_RR  .  
  in_IO  six_MC  hours_NNS  Fay_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  sitting_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  train_NN  ,_,  and_CC  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  wheel_VV0  the_AT1  jeep_NN  down_RP  to_IO  Jagapur_NP  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  forget_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  business_NN  completely_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  floated_VVD  the_AT1  message-form_NN  to_IO  Betty_NP  and_CC  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  file_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    and_CC  give_VV0  the_AT1  \0D.S.P_NP  a_AT1  tinkle_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  added_VVD  .  
    see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Kutcherry_NP  in_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour's_NN1$  time_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  word_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  about_IO  a_AT1  bungalow_NN  at_IO  Ravi_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  reached_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  so_RG  much_DA  as_CS  lift_VV0  the_AT1  receiver_NN  the_AT1  bell_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  ring_VV0  .  
    damn_UH  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    find_VV0  out_RP  who_PNQS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .    
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Rob_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  the_AT1  phone_NN  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  toddle_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  see_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  small_JJ  twist_NN  of_IO  dope_NN  about_IO  our_APP$  friend_NN  from_IO  Asifabad_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  him_PPHO1  chuckle_VV0  down_IO  the_AT1  wire_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  packet_NN  right_RR  here_RL  that_PNQS 'll_VM  make_VV0  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  pop_VV0  .    
    oh_UH  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  in_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    another_DD1  twist_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  that_PNQS 's_VHZ  turned_VBN  up_RP  at_RR  last_RR  .    
    that_DD1  tells_VBZ  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  hell_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  .    
    d'_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  guess_VV0  .    
    not_XX  while_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  talking_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  blower_NN  .  
  just_RR  get_VV0  toddling_VBG  ,_,  old_JJ  son_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  roughly_RR  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
    make_VV0  it_PPH1  five_MC  ,_,    he_PPHO1  urged_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  manna_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  skies_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  luscious_JJ  little_JJ  windfall_NN  if_CS  ever_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  .    
    what_DDQ  shall_VM  I_PPIS1  bring_VV0  then_RL  .  
  a_AT1  spoon_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  penknife_NN  .    
    neither_LE  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    pack_VV0  a_AT1  thinking_NN  cap_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  need_VV0  .    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  more_DA  than_CS  toddle_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Kutcherry_NP  in_IO  six_MC  minutes_NNS  flat_RR  .  
  Rob_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  by_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  gazing_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  metal_NN  box_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  box_NN  that_PNQS anyone_PN1  could_VM  have_VH0  bought_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  of_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  bazars_NNS  :_:  a_AT1  small_JJ  tin_NN  trunk_NN  ,_,  flat-topped_JJ  ,_,  fitted_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  hasp_NN  and_CC  staple_NN  and_CC  secured_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  padlock_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  millions_MC2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  India_NP  .  
  this_DD1  one_MC1  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  had_VHD  seen_VBN  better_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  scratched_VBN  and_CC  dented_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  hasp_NN  was_VBDZ  broken_VBN  and_CC  some_DD  sharp_JJ  concussion_NN  at_IO  some_DD  time_NN  or_CC  other_DA  had_VHD  strained_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  hinges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  paint_NN  had_VHD  long_RR  since_II  lost_VBN  all_DB  its_APP$  gloss_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  very_RG  faintly_RR  the_AT1  letters_NNS    \0M.F_NC2    lacquered_VBN  in_IO  white_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  lid_NN  .  
    some_DD  windfall_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  remarked_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  kick_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Rob_NP  .  
    sit_VV0  down_RP  .  
  have_VH0  you_PPY  heard_VBN  about_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  bus_NN  .    
    first_MD  one_MC1  down_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  from_IO  Dalgoorie_NP  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  struck_VVD  a_AT1  patch_NN  of_IO  oil_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  hairpins_NNS  and_CC  nose-dived_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  khud_&FW  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  surprised_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  buses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  winding_JJ  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  kind_NN  I_PPIS1  remembered_VVD  on_IO  country_NN  routes_NNS  in_IO  England_NP  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  nineteen-twenties_MC2  :_:  rattling_JJ  affairs_NNS  ,_,  sparingly_RR  sprung_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  bulbous_JJ  horns_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  single_JJ  door_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  rear_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  driven_VBN  with_IO  erratic_JJ  and_CC  reckless_JJ  fury_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  team_NN  of_IO  Sikhs_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  odd_JJ  occasions_NNS  when_CS necessity_NN  had_VHD  forced_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_TO  use_VV0  them_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  suffered_VBN  a_AT1  multitude_NN  of_IO  hideous_JJ  deaths_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  hour's_NN1$  fertile_JJ  imagination_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  to_IO  Rob_NP  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  how_CS far_RR  this_DD1  one_MC1  had_VHD  dropped_VBN  .  
    five_MC  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,  almost_RR  sheer_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    finished_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  stream_NN  .  
  little_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  left_VBN  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  chassis_NN  .    
    any_DD  military_JJ  personnel_NNS  aboard_RP  .    
    no_UH  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  five_MC  passengers_NNS  .  
  six_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  driver_NN  .  
  devil_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  shambles_NN  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  bodies_NNS  here_RL  ,_,  there_RL  and_CC  everywhere_RR  .    
    anyone_PN1  escape_VV0  .    
    killed_VBN  four_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    simply_RR  had_VHD  n't_XX  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  two_MC  on_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  threw_VVD  themselves_PPX2  out_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  \0I.M.H_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  with_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  broken_JJ  legs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  got_VVD  away_RP  with_IO  cuts_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  bump_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  pigeon's_NN1$  egg_NN  .  
  he's_NN1$  the_AT1  luckiest_JJT  beggar_NN  still_RR  breathing_VBG  this_DD1  morning_NN  .    
    who_PNQS  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    a_AT1  friend_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  property_NN  .    
  Rob_NP  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  .  
    tossed_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  luggage_NN  grid_NN  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  the_AT1  bus_NN  turned_VVD  over_RP  .  
  fell_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  clump_NN  of_IO  thorns_NNS  and_CC  lodged_VVD  there_RL  .  
  luckily_RR  for_IO  us_PPIO2   it_PPH1  burst_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  seams_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  sub-inspector_NN  from_IO  Dalgoorie_NP  saw_VVD  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  down_RP  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    and_CC  you_PPY  impounded_VVD  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  borrowed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    said_VVD  Rob_NP  ,_,    and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  personal_JJ  belongings_NNS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  find_VV0  scattered_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  .  
  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  safe_JJ  custody_NN  till_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  discover_VV0  whose_WP$I  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  .  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  taken_VBN  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  little_JJ  lot_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  having_VHG  the_AT1  hasp_NN  riveted_VBN  back_RP  into_IO  place_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  box_NN  delivered_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  \0I.M.H_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  held_VBN  in_IO  store_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  patient_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  any_RG  the_AT1  wiser_JJ  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  flat_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  stretcher_NN  ,_,  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  wide_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sub-inspector_NN  's_VBZ  down_RP  at_IO  his_APP$  bedside_NN  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  flannel_NN  he_PPHO1  needs_VBZ  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  begins_VBZ  to_TO  worry_VV0  .    
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  box_NN  around_RP  and_CC  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  letters_NNS  stencilled_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  lid_NN  .  
    but_CCB  who_PNQS  the_AT1  devil_NN  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    I_PPIS1  queried_VVD  .  
    Goanese_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Rob_NP  ,_,  handing_VBG  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  clue_NN  .  
    a_AT1  thin_JJ  ,_,  sallow_JJ  streak_NN  of_IO  mixed_JJ  Dago_NP  and_CC  Madrassi_NP  .  
  waves_VBZ  a_AT1  stick_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  that_DD1  lousy_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  saxes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  Mayfair_NP  .    
    Fernandes_NP  .    
    Manuel_NP  Fernandes_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  boss_NN  of_IO  Sarwate's_PPIO2  dance_NN  band_NN  .  Sam_NP  looked_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  Willie_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  you_PPY  ,_,  Sam_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  afraid_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  socialist_NN  now_RL  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,    Parnell_NP  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  shows_VBZ  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  strong_JJ  beliefs_NNS  and_CC  acts_VBZ  on_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  perseveres_VBZ  .    
  he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  a_AT1  sheaf_NN  of_IO  letters_NNS  .  
    congratulations_NNS  pouring_VBG  in_RP  .    
    so_RR  what_DDQ  .    Willie_NP  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  proved_VBN  the_AT1  power_NN  of_IO  dirty_JJ  propaganda_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  before_II  .    
  Parnell_NP  came_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  and_CC  embraced_VVD  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
    Willie_NP  ,_,  when_CS will_VM  you_PPY  realize_VV0  .  
  every_AT1  newspaper_NN  makes_VBZ  propaganda_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  Beaverbrook_NP  told_VVD  the_AT1  royal_JJ  commission_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  owns_VBZ  his_APP$  newspapers_NNS  for_IO  no_AT1  other_DA  purpose_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  propaganda_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  or_CC  right_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  propaganda_NN  and_CC  with_IO  good_JJ  reason_NN  .    
  his_APP$  white_JJ  hand_NN  tightened_VVD  on_IO  Willie's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  you_PPY  'd_VM  have_VH0  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sheet_NN  which_DDQ  tells_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  whole_JJ  truth_NN  and_CC  nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  Willie_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  is_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  act_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  others_DA2  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  politician_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  platform_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  parson_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  pulpit_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  allow_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  ,_,  Willie_NP    the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  an_AT1  opinion_NN  and_CC  expressing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  every_AT1  force_NN  at_IO  my_APP$  command_NN  .    
  very_RG  plausible_JJ  ,_,  Willie_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  one_MC1  thing_NN  .  
  you_PPY  hold_VV0  the_AT1  opinion_NN  ,_,  then_RL  make_VV0  others_DA2  express_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  allow_VV0  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  freedom_NN  which_DDQ  you_PPY  claim_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  right_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  socialist_NN  ,_,  Willie_NP  .  
  with_IO  your_APP$  background_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  never_RR  got_VBN  1926_MC  out_RP  of_IO  your_APP$  memory_NN  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  take_VV0  it_PPH1  so_RG  hard_RR  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  lose_VV0  more_RG  gracefully_RR  .    
  Willie_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  then_RL  at_IO  Parnell_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  his_APP$  gaze_NN  steady_JJ  until_CS  the_AT1  hand_NN  fell_VVD  away_RP  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  victory_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  means_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  done_VBN  your_APP$  bit_NN  towards_IO  making_VBG  journalism_NN  a_AT1  shameful_JJ  thing_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  slowly_RR  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  raised_VVD  a_AT1  hand_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  slightly_RR  and_CC  secretively_RR  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  favourite_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  in_IO  mild_JJ  answer_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  said_VVD  ,_,  something_PN1  happened_VVD  in_IO  there_RL  just_RR  now_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  moved_VVD  another_DD1  step_NN  nearer_IO  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  show-down_NN  .  
  Parnell_NP  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  ,_,  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  compromise_NN  in_RP  between_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  to_IO  Joe's_PPIO2  room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  news_NN  editor_NN  was_VBDZ  cleaning_VBG  his_APP$  pipe_NN  ;_;  pushing_VBG  the_AT1  white_JJ  cleaner_NN  in_RP  one_MC1  end_NN  and_CC  waiting_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  come_VV0  out_RP  brown_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  seen_VBN  the_AT1  letters_NNS  .    Joe_NP  said_VVD  .  
    all_DB  the_AT1  congratulations_NNS  .    
  Willie_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  out_RP  at_IO  nothing_PN1  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  puke_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  it_PPH1  personal_RR  ,_,  Willie_NP  .  
  you_PPY  and_CC  me_PPIO1  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  told_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  make_VV0  the_AT1  policy_NN  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  no_AT1  answer_NN  .  
  no_AT1  excuse_NN  .    
  Joe_NP  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  cleaner_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  waste-basket_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  stem_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bowl_NN  ,_,  twisting_VBG  it_PPH1  another_DD1  squeak_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  mouthpiece_NN  became_VVD  comfortable_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  tobacco-pouch_NN  and_CC  filled_VVD  the_AT1  bowl_NN  ,_,  fingering_VBG  down_RP  a_AT1  shred_NN  which_DDQ  curled_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  tapped_VVD  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  for_IO  matches_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  finding_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  worth_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  .    
  Willie_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  room_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  worth_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  ;_;  that_CS  nothing_PN1  mattered_VVD  except_IO  Joe's_PPIO2  do-nothing_NN  ,_,  say-nothing_NN  ,_,  be-nothing_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  long_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  here_RL  in_IO  this_DD1  room_NN  which_DDQ  this_DD1  man_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  ,_,  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  and_CC  along_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  reporters'_NN2  room_NN  Ritchie's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  plain_JJ  :_:  
    on_IO  some_DD  newspapers_NNS  there_EX  'd_VM  be_VB0  champagne_NN  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  .    
  through_IO  the_AT1  opened_JJ  door_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  room_NN  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  sub-editors_NNS  ,_,  crouched_VBN  over_IO  their_APP$  copy_NN  like_IO  cold_JJ  hens_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  perch_NN  .  
  Willie_NP  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  which_DDQ  said_VVD    \0Mr_NC2  Whittaker_NC2    and_CC  slumped_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  ;_;  biting_VBG  his_APP$  thumb_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  boiling_VBG  with_IO  anger_NN  and_CC  disgust_NN  and_CC  humiliation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  and_CC  half_DB  a_AT1  minute_NN  later_RRR  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  there_RL  .  
    Helen_NP  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  eat_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  drink_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  somewhere_RR  .  anywhere_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  imagined_VVD  her_APP$  surprise_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    why_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .    
    we_PPIS2  could_VM  go_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  somewhere_RR  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  places_NNS  where_CS we_PPIS2  used_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  before_IO  ,_,    he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  and_CC  added_VVD  ,_,    before_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .    
    that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  nice_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  perplexed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  peremptory_JJ  invitation_NN  ,_,  by_IO  his_APP$  sudden_JJ  need_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  drink_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  long_JJ  drink_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  bad_JJ  taste_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  mouth_NN  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  beginning_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  nineteen_MC  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  Willie_NP  thought_VVD  .  
  our_APP$  beginning_NN  is_VBZ  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  my_APP$  tie_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  propeller_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  ,_,  always_RR  looking_VBG  in_RP  .  
  since_IO  then_RL  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  there_RL  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  star_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  shade_NN  beneath_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  river_NN  ran_VVD  away_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  leaves_NNS  went_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  sleeping_JJ  breath_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  about_IO  Slack_NP  Lane_NNL1  and_CC  his_APP$  boots_NNS  and_CC  Blonkin_NP  ;_;  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  ,_,  wagging_JJ  head_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  yellow_JJ  teeth_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  watchful_JJ  cruelty_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  all_DB  about_IO  Blonkin_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  more_DA  to_IO  him_PPHO1  than_IO  hooligan_NN  boots_NNS  .  
    during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,    Willie_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    Blonkin_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  prisoner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Japanese_NP2  and_CC  they_PPHS2  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  something_PN1  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  filled_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  water_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  him_PPHO1  upside_NN  down_RP  and_CC  hit_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  rifle-butts_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  fell_VVD  out_RP  .  
  at_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  each_DD1  day_NN  they_PPHS2  hit_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  half_DB  past_IO  nine_MC  each_DD1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mad_JJ  with_IO  waiting_VBG  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  tell_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  guess_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  and_CC  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  all_DB  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  poor_JJ  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  clever_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  guess_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  ,_,  so_CS  they_PPHS2  clubbed_VVD  him_PPHO1  again_RR  for_IO  trying_VBG  to_TO  deceive_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  now_RL  Blonkin_NP  is_VBZ  back_RP  in_IO  Slack_NP  Lane_NNL1  ,_,  living_VBG  on_IO  medical_JJ  certificates_NNS  because_IO  of_II  what_DDQ  the_AT1  Japs_NP2  did_VDD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  other_DA  men_NNS  say_VV0  there_RL  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  ,_,  always_RR  boozing_VBG  ,_,  living_VBG  free_JJ  and_CC  doing_VBG  nothing_PN1  .  
  see_VV0  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  welfare_NN  state_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  of_IO  Creedy_NP  ;_;  tall_JJ  and_CC  pale_JJ  and_CC  intense_JJ  ,_,  for_RR  ever_RR  dependent_JJ  on_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  who_PNQS knew_VVD  about_IO  his_APP$  studs_NNS  and_CC  socks_NNS  and_CC  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  tickets_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  hate_VV0  Creedy_NP  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  twelve_MC  and_CC  he_PPHO1  forced_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  learn_VV0  more_DA  than_CS  I_PPIS1  believed_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  learn_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  used_VVD  to_TO  lie_VV0  awake_JJ  planning_VBG  how_CS to_TO  kill_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  how_CS I_PPIS1  would_VM  kill_VV0  him_PPHO1  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  big_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  all_DB  my_APP$  love_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  first_MD  love_NN  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  jealous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  bullied_VVD  her_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  changed_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  knife_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  last_VV0  longer_RRR  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  cost_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  grateful_JJ  for_IO  all_DB  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  and_CC  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  nothing_PN1  in_IO  return_NN  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  thanks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  me_PPIO1  long_JJ  letters_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  ,_,  clever_JJ  letters_NNS  but_CCB  excited_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  excited_JJ  not_XX  about_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  but_CCB  about_IO  what_DDQ  would_VM  happen_VV0  afterwards_RR  .  
  in_IO  Greece_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Balkans_NP2  ,_,  in_IO  Arabia_NP  and_CC  Egypt_NP  and_CC  Africa_NP  ,_,  in_IO  India_NP  and_CC  Burma_NP  and_CC  Malaya_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  looking_VBG  ahead_RR  to_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  war_NN  meant_VVD  to_IO  those_DD2  countries_NNS  and_CC  what_DDQ  freedom_NN  would_VM  mean_VV0  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  Helen_NP  murmured_VVD  :_:  
    is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  a_AT1  communist_NN  .    and_CC  Willie_NP  smiled_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    everybody_PN1  these_DD2  days_NNS  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  something_PN1  .  
  conservative_NN  ,_,  socialist_NN  ,_,  communist_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  belong_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  party_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  any_DD  opinion_NN  worth_IO  calling_VBG  an_AT1  opinion_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Creedy_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  belong_VV0  to_IO  any_DD  opinion_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  individual_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thinks_VBZ  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  sounds_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  communist_NN  .  
  sometimes_RR  like_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Francis_NP  .  
  sometimes_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  but_CCB  to_IO  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  those_DD2  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  a_AT1  sincere_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  for_RR  ever_RR  crusading_VBG  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  against_IO  ignorance_NN  ,_,  then_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  from_IO  Slack_NP  Lane_NNL1  who_PNQS sat_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  row_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  raspberry_NN  noises_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  now_RL  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  realize_VV0  then_RL  ,_,  that_CS  without_IO  Creedy_NP  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  Slack_NP  Lane_NNL1  for_RR  ever_RR  ,_,  doing_VBG  nothing_PN1  and_CC  learning_VBG  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  .  
  dying_VBG  by_IO  eight-hour_JB  stints_NNS  .    
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  of_IO  Aunt_NNSB1  Nance_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  dream_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  white_JJ  cottage_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  wood-smoke_NN  pottering_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  chimney_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  delphiniums_NNS  blue_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  questions_NNS  about_IO  this_DD1  cottage_NN  ,_,  probing_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  about_IO  the_AT1  logs_NNS  of_IO  wood_NN  ,_,  criss-crossed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  kettle-holder_NN  on_IO  its_APP$  hook_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  red_JJ  curtains_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  low_JJ  beam_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  her_APP$  interest_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  cottage_NN  ,_,  for_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  such_DA  cottage_NN  and_CC  could_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  the_AT1  creation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  ask_VV0  why_CS she_PPHO1  probed_VVD  for_IO  details_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  just_RR  to_TO  talk_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  everywhere_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  people_NNS  learned_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  :_:  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,  hello_UH  ,_,  Helen_NP  ,_,  nice_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Helen_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  them_PPHO1  linking_VBG  their_APP$  names_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  link_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  form_NN  of_IO  marriage_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  races_NNS  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  Harry_NP  Carr_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,    then_RL  touched_VVD  his_APP$  cap_NN  for_IO  Helen_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  theatre_NN  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  Charlie_NP  Chester_NP  welcomed_VVD  them_PPHO1  to_IO  his_APP$  dressing-room_NN    
    only_RR  milk_NN  ,_,    Charlie_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  drinking_VBG  milk_NN      then_RL  pulled_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  chair_NN  for_IO  Helen_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  City_NNL1  ground_NN  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  Stanley_NP  Matthews_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    always_RR  nice_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,    then_RL  gave_VVD  his_APP$  shy_JJ  nod_NN  and_CC  smile_NN  to_IO  Helen_NP  .  
  Willie_NP  was_VBDZ  grateful_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  names_NNS  ;_;  to_IO  Colin_NP  Cowdrey_NP  and_CC  Jack_NP  Hawkins_NP  and_CC  Ted_NP  Ray_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  could_VM  see_VV0  how_CS much_DA  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  when_CS there_EX  were_VBDR  parties_NNS  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  a_AT1  new_JJ  play_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  book_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  hit-song_NN  ,_,  new_JJ  exhibition_NN  ,_,  Helen_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  to_TO  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  through_RP  ,_,  although_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  always_RR  said_VBN  he_PPHO1  despised_VVD  parties_NNS  ;_;  you_PPY  paid_VVD  too_RG  high_JJ  a_AT1  price_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  free_JJ  drink_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  across_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  and_CC  see_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Helen_NP  .  
  never_RR  mind_VV0  the_AT1  crap_NN  talk_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  scratch-my-back_JB  talk_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  pretending_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  women_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  women_NNS  wishing_VBG  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  men_NNS  .  
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  you_PPY  and_CC  know_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  still_RR  there_RL  ,_,  then_RL  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  Helen_NP  .    
  they_PPHS2  never_RR  mentioned_VVD  Parnell_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  ;_;  in_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  forearms_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  seats_NNS  ,_,  watching_VBG  with_IO  amusement_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  more_DA  they_PPHS2  shared_VVD  the_AT1  more_RG  vulnerable_JJ  they_PPHS2  became_VVD  .  
  once_RR  Helen_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  not_XX  married_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  really_RR  married_VBN  ,_,    and_CC  slowly_RR  ,_,  reluctantly_RR  ,_,  disjointedly_RR  it_PPH1  came_VVD  out_RP  .  
  how_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  by_IO  Parnell_NP  sleeping_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  dressing-room_NN  ,_,  because_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  so_RG  late_RR  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  disturb_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  aside_RP  pretence_NN  and_CC  slept_VBN  in_IO  another_DD1  room_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  it_PPH1  plain_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  .  
    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  1939_MC  ,_,    Helen_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  year_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .    
  his_APP$  glance_NN  was_VBDZ  shocked_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  car_NN  swerved_VVD  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  glance_NN  said_VVD  .  
  Helen's_PPIO2  smile_NN  still_RR  showed_VVD  the_AT1  hurt_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  to_TO  realize_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  find_VV0  me_PPIO1  attractive_JJ  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  excuses_NNS  .  
  hundreds_MC2  of_IO  excuses_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  pretended_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  women_NNS  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  evacuees_NNS  ,_,  such_DA  beautiful_JJ  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  letters_NNS  to_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  yours_PP$  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  now_RL  .  
  you_PPY  and_CC  me_PPIO1  .    
    you_PPY  could_VM  divorce_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  .  
    before_CS  she_PPHO1  died_VVD  Mummy_NNSB1  wanted_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  divorce_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  hate_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  always_RR  so_RG  gentle_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  hate_VV0  and_CC  cared_VVD  about_IO  nothing_PN1  except_IO  that_DD1  hate_NN  .  
  not_XX  the_AT1  scandal_NN  ,_,  not_XX  the_AT1  gossip_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  the_AT1  harm_NN  it_PPH1  would_VM  do_VD0  to_IO  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  .  
  the_AT1  herald_NN  means_VBZ  too_RG  much_DA  for_IO  that_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  with_IO  sudden_JJ  anger_NN  ,_,  glancing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  speedometer_NN  ,_,  then_RL  boosting_VBG  it_PPH1  higher_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  flickered_VVD  around_RP  seventy_MC  and_CC  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  in_IO  alarm_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  alarm_NN  and_CC  let_VVD  the_AT1  rage_NN  go_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  needle_NN  flickered_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  sixty_MC  ,_,  to_IO  fifty_MC  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  car_NN  relaxed_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  horse_NN  when_CS the_AT1  race_NN  is_VBZ  done_VBN  .  
    careful_JJ  ,_,  Willie_NP  ,_,  or_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  there_RL  .      is_VBZ  n't_XX  there_EX  something_PN1  simpler_JJ  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  like_IO  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  dancing_VBG  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  restaurants_NNS  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  islands_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  look_VV0  very_RG  romantic_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  my_APP$  advice_NN  .  
  that_DD1  same_DA  evening_NN  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Elaine_NP  dressed_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  best_JJT  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  dinner_NN  .  
  but_CCB  oddly_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  dinner_NN  which_DDQ  distracted_VVD  her_PPHO1  from_IO  her_APP$  troubles_NNS  but_CCB  what_DDQ  came_VVD  after_II  .  
  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  pension_NN  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  a_RR  little_RR  after_IO  six_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  woke_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  a_AT1  tapping_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  Steve_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  pyjamas_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  blanket_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  the_AT1  hell_NN  .    I_PPIS1  began_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  noticed_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  grey_JJ  .  
    Steve_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  lavatory_NN  since_IO  four_MC  o'clock_RR  and_CC  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  as_RG  sick_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  you_PPY  've_VH0  eaten_VBN  .    
  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  were_VBDR  chattering_VBG  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  stand_VV0  here_RL  :_:  you_PPY  'll_VM  catch_VV0  a_AT1  cold_NN  .  
  get_VV0  back_RP  into_IO  bed_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  back_RP  meekly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  into_IO  bed_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  up_RP  since_IO  four_MC  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    why_CS the_AT1  devil_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  call_VV0  me_PPIO1  sooner_RRR  .    
    I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  but_CCB  you_PPY  were_VBDR  sound_RG  asleep_JJ  .    
    but_CCB  could_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  have_VH0  tried_VBN  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .    
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  known_VBN  you_PPY  longest_RBT  .    
  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  were_VBDR  still_RR  chattering_VBG  but_CCB  his_APP$  forehead_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  hot_JJ  and_CC  clammy_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  temperature_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  sitting_VBG  exams_NNS  half_DB  the_AT1  night_NN  that_PNQS even_RR  Einstein_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  flunked_VBN  .    
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  wardrobe_NN  ,_,  found_VVD  another_DD1  blanket_NN  and_CC  spread_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
    next_DA  time_NN  you_PPY  catch_VV0  the_AT1  pox_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    do_VD0  it_PPH1  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  much_RR  cheaper_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  national_JJ  health_NN  .    
    next_DA  time_NN  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  .    
  I_PPIS1  tucked_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  blanket_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  downstairs_RL  now_RL  and_CC  see_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  something_PN1  you_PPY  can_VM  take_VV0  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  any_RR  better_JJ  by_IO  breakfast-time_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  pretty_RR  useless_JJ  ,_,  standing_VBG  and_CC  watching_VBG  but_CCB  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  growing_JJ  paler_JJ  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  vomit_VV0  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  him_PPHO1  by_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  outside_RP  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  tumbled_VVD  to_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  should_VM  do_VD0  .  
  I_PPIS1  stopped_VVD  at_IO  Elaine's_PPIO2  door_NN  ,_,  tapped_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  tapping_VBG  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  half_RR  open_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  nightgown_NN  and_CC  wrap_NN  .  
    Peter_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Steve_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  well_JJ  .    
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  not_XX  .    
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  opened_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  concerned_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  done_VBN  right_RR  to_TO  wake_VV0  her_PPHO1  up_RP  .  
    but_CCB  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  matter_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  something_PN1  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  eaten_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  tied_VVD  the_AT1  cord_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  wrap_NN  and_CC  stepped_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  idea_NN  to_TO  wake_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  wanted_VBN  to_TO  disturb_VV0  you_PPY  himself_PPX1  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  you_PPY  did_VDD  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  worse_JJ  than_CS  being_VBG  ill_JJ  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  laid_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    hey_UH  !_!  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  doing_VBG  here_RL  .    
    you_PPY  should_VM  have_VH0  called_VBN  me_PPIO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  friendly_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  gesture_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  wash-basin_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  quicker_RRR  than_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  dashed_VVD  across_RP  ,_,  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  bidet_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  stand_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  against_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  fish_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  .    
  from_IO  her_APP$  fear_NN  of_IO  insects_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  expected_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  fastidious_JJ  but_CCB  not_XX  a_AT1  scrap_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  bidet_NN  away_RP  ,_,  wiped_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  towel_NN  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  these_DD2  things_NNS  every_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  to_IO  my_APP$  astonishment_NN  ,_,  laid_VVD  her_APP$  cheek_NN  gently_RR  against_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  done_VBN  for_IO  effect_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  really_RR  meant_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  for_CS  she_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  sitting_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  dropped_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  sleep_NN  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  out_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  to_TO  bring_VV0  back_RP  a_AT1  doctor_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  having_VHG  breakfast_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ill_JJ  for_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  near_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  either_LE  in_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  or_CC  sitting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  called_VVD  .  
  with_IO  dark_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  haggard_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  an_AT1  appealing_JJ  patient_NN  .  
  but_CCB  because_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  hard_JJ  and_CC  egotistical_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  stayed_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  simply_RR  from_IO  affection_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  sure_JJ  of_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  perhaps_RR  after_IO  her_APP$  disappointment_NN  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  unwanted_JJ  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  someone_PN1  dependent_JJ  on_IO  her_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  consoled_VBN  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  lot_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fifth_MD  day_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  usually_RR  did_VDD  ,_,  soon_RR  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  woken_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  and_CC  found_VVD  Elaine_NP  lying_VBG  next_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  believe_VV0  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  making_VBG  love_NN    that_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  happen_VV0  until_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  later_RRR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  wishing_VBG  them_PPHO1  good_JJ  morning_NN  without_IO  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  embarrassment_NN  showed_VVD  how_CS closely_RR  in_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  days_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  together_RR  .  
  (_(  4_MC  )_)  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  for_IO  Alison_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  English_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  without_IO  discussing_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  had_VHD  taken_VBN  separate_JJ  rooms_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  kept_VVD  our_APP$  promise_NN  never_RR  to_TO  snog_VV0  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  keeping_VBG  us_PPIO2   apart_RP  ,_,  made_VVD  us_PPIO2   all_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  passionate_JJ  once_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  spent_VVD  our_APP$  time_NN  ,_,  sometimes_RR  with_IO  Max_NP  and_CC  Jill_NP  but_CCB  more_RG  often_RR  alone_JJ  ,_,  swimming_VBG  ,_,  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  steamers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  wandering_VBG  in_IO  Steve's_PPIO2  car_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  we_PPIS2  would_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  for_IO  lunch_NN  and_CC  afterwards_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  go_VV0  upstairs_RL  ,_,  sleep_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ  half-hour_NN  ,_,  then_RL  creep_VV0  along_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  and_CC  tap_VV0  at_IO  Alison's_PPIO2  door_NN  ;_;  and_CC  asleep_JJ  or_CC  awake_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  tap_NN  and_CC  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_RP  .  
  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  love_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  days_NNS  many_DA  times_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  heat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  wine_NN  ,_,  Stresa_NP  itself_PPX1    the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1    made_VVD  us_PPIO2   both_DB2  unbelievably_RR  amorous_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  because_CS  we_PPIS2  knew_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  that_RG  much_RR  better_RRR  ,_,  or_CC  simply_RR  because_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  privacy_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  spring_NN  mattress_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  enjoyed_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  very_RG  much_RR  more_RRR  .  
  with_IO  regular_JJ  oats_NNS  and_CC  mounds_NNS  of_IO  spaghetti_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  on_IO  weight_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  bronzed_VBN  ,_,  almost_RR  handsome_JJ  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  same_DA  process_NN  turned_VVD  Alison_NP  into_IO  a_AT1  raving_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  sometimes_RR  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  making_VBG  love_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  close_VV0  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  keep_VV0  from_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  case_NN  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  too_RG  roused_VVD  and_CC  satisfied_VVD  myself_PPX1  before_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  afterwards_RR  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  dozed_VVD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  lie_VV0  back_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  staring_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  twilight_NN  and_CC  feeling_VBG  wonderfully_RR  calm_JJ  ,_,  wonderfully_RR  rested_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  sit_VV0  there_RL  ,_,  my_APP$  body_NN  cool_JJ  and_CC  naked_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  sheet_NN  for_IO  comfort_NN  tucked_VBN  into_IO  my_APP$  crutch_NN  ,_,  stroking_VBG  her_APP$  cheek_NN  or_CC  her_APP$  hair_NN  and_CC  listening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  sounds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  clatter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  train_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  spluttering_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  scooter_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS drifted_VVD  in_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  closed_JJ  shutters_NNS  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  think_VV0  how_CS right_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  how_CS much_RR  more_RG  moral_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  live_VV0  like_IO  this_DD1  than_CS  like_IO  a_AT1  hermit_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  calm_JJ  ,_,  contented_JJ  and_CC  then_RL  for_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  making_VBG  love_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  possible_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  out_RP  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  still_RR  spent_VVD  the_AT1  siesta_NN  in_IO  Alison's_PPIO2  room_NN  but_CCB  instead_RR  of_IO  making_VBG  love_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  would_VM  lie_VV0  side_NN  by_IO  side_NN  and_CC  talk_VV0  .  
  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  in_IO  those_DD2  days_NNS  at_IO  Stresa_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RRR  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RRR  I_PPIS1  liked_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  slow_JJ  sometimes_RR  to_TO  sense_VV0  the_AT1  comic_JJ    her_APP$  life_NN  perhaps_RR  had_VHD  been_VBN  too_RG  easy_JJ    but_CCB  she_PPHO1  never_RR  pretended_VVD  ,_,  she_PPHO1  never_RR  talked_VVD  for_IO  effect_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  felt_VVD  with_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  with_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  myself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  padded_JJ  room_NN  .  
  in_IO  everything_PN1  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  enthusiasm_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  passion_NN  .  
  for_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  without_IO  my_APP$  oats_NNS  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  night_NN  we_PPIS2  spent_VVD  in_IO  Stresa_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  bed_NN  a_RR  little_RR  early_RR  while_CS  Alison_NP  went_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  shower_NN  .  
  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  night_NN  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  shutters_NNS  and_CC  looked_VVD  out_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  faint_JJ  scent_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  on_IO  Steve's_PPIO2  balcony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sky_NN  overhead_RR  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  stars_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  lights_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  steamer_NN  far_RR  away_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  lake_NN  and_CC  right_RR  beneath_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  beneath_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  firefly_NN  winking_VBG  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  opened_VBN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  and_CC  saw_VVD  Alison_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  kissed_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_IO  the_AT1  cheek_NN  .  
    Peter_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  should_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  clean_JJ  again_RR  and_CC  decent_JJ  .    
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  made_VVD  love_NN  .  
  because_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  expected_VBN  it_PPH1  and_CC  because_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  unawares_RR  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  saw_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  there_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  right_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  throat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  urge_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  words_NNS  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  a_AT1  pain_NN  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  held_VVD  them_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  even_RR  then_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  stupid_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  afterwards_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  quiet_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  feel_VV0  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  felt_VBN  before_II  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  exposed_VBN  ,_,  unprotected_JJ  ,_,  somehow_RR  afraid_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  might_VM  happen_VV0  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  woke_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  none_RR  too_RG  early_JJ  and_CC  Alison_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  already_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  gave_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  a_AT1  damned_RR  good_JJ  scratch_NN  .  
  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  underneath_II  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  Max_NP  and_CC  Elaine_NP  and_CC  then_RL  Alison_NP  ;_;  so_RR  instead_RR  of_IO  lying_VBG  back_RP  again_RR  for_IO  another_DD1  five_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  shutters_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  just_RR  begun_VBN  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  Steve_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  balcony_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  quite_RR  still_JJ  and_CC  well_RR  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  balustrade_NN  so_TO  as_TO"  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  noticed_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  see_VV0  only_RR  his_APP$  profile_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  not_XX  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  Elaine_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  the_AT1  shutter_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  silently_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  some_DD  idea_NN  now_RL  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  happening_VBG  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  because_IO  of_II  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  for_RR  certain_RR  ,_,  without_IO  even_RR  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  too_RR  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  hook_NN  .  
  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  breakfast_NN  that_DD1  morning_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  pre-examination_JB  shakes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  hot_JJ  weather_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  wine_NN  at_IO  dinner_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  palpitations_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  suspicious_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  the_AT1  world_NN  the_AT1  night_NN  before_RR  as_IO  one_MC1  gigantic_JJ  romance_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  everything_PN1  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  littered_JJ  table_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  look_NN  on_IO  Alison's_PPIO2  face_NN  ,_,  seemed_VVD  horribly_RR  normal_JJ  ,_,  horribly_RR  mundane_JJ  .  
  Max_NP  was_VBDZ  worrying_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  always_RR  did_VDD  because_CS  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  to_TO  .  
    Venice_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  crowded_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  it_PPH1  always_RR  is_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  ought_VM  to_TO  'phone_VV0  Vittorio_NP  and_CC  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  book_VV0  us_PPIO2   rooms_NNS  .    
    but_CCB  why_CS bother_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    Steve_NP  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  can_VM  manage_VV0  .    
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  fun_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  meet_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Venetians_NP2  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  easily_RR  'phone_VV0  him_PPHO1  when_CS we_PPIS2  get_VV0  there_RL  ,_,    Steve_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  bother_VV0  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .    
    anyway_RR  ,_,    Jill_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  not_XX  quite_RR  sure_JJ  when_CS we_PPIS2  'll_VM  arrive_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  sounds_VBZ  from_IO  the_AT1  guide_NN  book_NN  as_CS  if_CS  Verona_NP  were_VBDR  worth_IO  a_AT1  visit_NN  .    
  and_CC  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  left_VBN    that_CS  we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  'phone_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  instead_RR  of_IO  being_VBG  relieved_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  hurt_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  it_PPH1  much_RR  better_RRR  if_CS  Alison_NP  had_VHD  spoken_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  for_IO  instance_NN  that_CS  Vittorio_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bore_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  left_VVD  Stresa_NP  shortly_RR  after_IO  breakfast_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  approaching_VBG  Verona_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  .  
  Verona_NP  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  seemed_VVD  dusty_JJ  and_CC  unremarkable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Max_NP  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  outside_IO  a_AT1  greengrocer's_NN1$  and_CC  went_VVD  in_RP  to_TO  buy_VV0  peaches_NNS  ,_,  luscious_JJ  and_CC  as_RG  big_JJ  as_IO  melons_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  ripest_JJT  and_CC  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  ,_,  with_IO  Alison_NP  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  holding_VBG  my_APP$  head_NN  well_RR  forward_RR  and_CC  letting_VBG  the_AT1  juice_NN  trickle_VV0  over_IO  my_APP$  chin_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  wishing_VBG  Bowling_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  there_RL  to_TO  turn_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  nose_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  Alison_NP  ,_,  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  poster_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  .  
    the_AT1  opera_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  forgot_VVD  all_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    opera_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  opera_NN  .    
    they_PPHS2  have_VH0  it_PPH1  here_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Roman_JJ  arena_NN  .  **"_**'  chapter_NN  two_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  his_APP$  parents_NNS  talking_VBG  of_IO  Maine_NP  ,_,  where_CS they_PPHS2  came_VVD  from_IO  ,_,  a_AT1  vague_JJ  and_CC  distant_JJ  place_NN  girded_VBN  with_IO  rocks_NNS  and_CC  bound_VBN  by_IO  hard_JJ  winters_NNS  .  
  thinking_VBG  back_RP  sometimes_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pleasant_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  painful_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sum_NN  of_IO  recollection_NN  inclined_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  believe_VV0  his_APP$  parents_NNS  had_VHD  settled_VBN  the_AT1  emerald_NN  meadows_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  reminded_VVD  them_PPHO1  of_IO  Maine_NP  .  
  small_JJ  ,_,  rich_JJ  fields_NNS  interspersed_VBN  with_IO  fingerlings_NNS  of_IO  forest_NN  ,_,  along_IO  the_AT1  swift-falling_JB  curves_NNS  and_CC  bends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  watershed_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  called_VBN  Roan's_PPIO2  Creek_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  recall_VV0  the_AT1  slab-house_NN  under_IO  trees_NNS  that_PNQS leaned_VVD  and_CC  creaked_VVD  like_IO  antiquated_JJ  gladiators_NNS  when_CS winter_NN  hurled_VVD  its_APP$  fierce_JJ  assaults_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  creek_NN  that_PNQS flowed_VVD  southward_RR  ,_,  down_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  belly_NN  of_IO  prairie_NN  ,_,  and_CC  squandered_VVD  its_APP$  clear-water_JB  strength_NN  there_RL  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  crooked_JJ  road_NN  wrought_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  fringe_NN  of_IO  shade_NN  the_AT1  full_JJ  length_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  old_JJ  snake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  all_DB  shade-mottled_JJ  and_CC  dusty_JJ  looking_JJ  ,_,  leading_VBG  up_RP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  prairie_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  blue-shaggy_JJ  beyond_NN  ;_;  into_IO  the_AT1  highland_NN  where_CS deer_NN  and_CC  bear_NN  and_CC  all_DB  manner_NN  of_IO  game_NN  lived_VVD  ;_;  where_CS meadows_NNS  lay_VV0  hidden_VBN  ,_,  swollen_VBN  with_IO  stirrup-high_JJ  grass_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  fullness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  uplands_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  land_NN  swept_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  prairie-desert_NN  ,_,  broadening_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  lifting_VBG  higher_RRR  and_CC  becoming_VBG  wilder_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  rich_JJ  fertility_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  burst_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  dark_JJ  and_CC  straining_JJ  way_NN  .  
  somehow_RR  ,_,  Ben_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  only_RR  because_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  beauty_NN  up_RP  there_RL  ,_,  that_DD1  land_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  hold_NN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  travelled_VBN  far_RR  and_CC  wide_RR  ,_,  seen_VBN  tons_NNS  of_IO  country_NN  ,_,  some_DD  full_JJ  of_IO  beauty_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  grand_JJ  solemnity_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  a_AT1  man_NN  hurt_VBN  for_IO  looking_VBG  on_IO  it_PPH1  ;_;  some_DD  harsh_JJ  and_CC  forbidding_JJ  ,_,  some_DD  jagged_JJ  and_CC  untamed_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  tilted_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  flaming_JJ  sunsets_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  flat_JJ  and_CC  docile_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  a_AT1  country_NN  that_PNQS reached_VVD  down_RP  inside_RP  and_CC  gripped_VVD  him_PPHO1  like_CS  the_AT1  uplands_NNS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  known_VBN  since_IO  infancy_NN  ,_,  held_VVD  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  belonged_VVD  there_RL  .  
  nothing_PN1  ;_;  man_NN  ,_,  animal_NN  ,_,  or_CC  element_NN  ,_,  could_VM  turn_VV0  him_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  least_RBT  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  Marlows_NP2  .  
  he_PPHO1  arose_VVD  and_CC  dressed_VVD  with_IO  these_DD2  thoughts_NNS  ;_;  he_PPHO1  ate_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  diner_NN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  for_IO  company_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  bought_VVD  a_AT1  sturdy_JJ  wagon_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  liveryman_NN  ,_,  to_TO  implement_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  also_RR  bought_VVD  a_AT1  team_NN  of_IO  big_JJ  bay_JJ  horses_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  good_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  harness_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  Deming_NP  mercantile_JJ  company_NN  and_CC  loaded_VVD  up_RP  kegs_NNS  of_IO  nails_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  big_JJ  grindstone_NN  ,_,  two_MC  axes_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  saws_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  impedimenta_NNS  of_IO  building_NN  ,_,  all_DB  the_AT1  requisites_NNS  for_IO  putting_VBG  down_RP  roots_NNS  .  
  and_CC  finally_RR  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  saddlehorse_NN  tied_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  tailgate_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  carbine_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  northward_RR  out_RP  of_IO  Deming_NP  .  
  Cliff_NP  Thompson_NP  lingered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Oasis_NP  Saloon's_PPIO2  overhang_NN  ,_,  smoking_VBG  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  watching_VBG  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  wagon_NN  was_VBDZ  lost_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shimmering_JJ  ,_,  heat-scourged_JJ  distance_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  flung_VVD  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  down_RP  and_CC  stamped_VBN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  irritated_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  Ben_NP  Roan_NP  would_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  heading_VBG  straight_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  killing_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  own_DA  or_CC  someone_PN1  else's_RR  .  
    morning_NN  ,_,  Marshal_NNSB1  .  
  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  Ben_NP  Roan_NP  that_PNQS drovee_RL  .  
  nothing_PN1  ;_;  man_NN  ,_,  
  Charlie_NP  Bell_NP  squinted_VVD  northward_RR  .  
    unless_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  restraining_JJ  order_NN  issued_VBN  to_TO  prevent_VV0  him_PPHO1  from_IO  using_VBG  that_DD1  road_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  his_APP$  right_NN  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  can_VM  go_VV0  up_RP  there_RL  any_DD  time_NN  he_PPHO1  wants_VBZ  to_TO  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  so_PN1  far_RR  there_EX  's_VHZ  only_RR  been_VBN  talk_NN  ,_,  and_CC  talk_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  mean_VV0  a_AT1  thing_NN  .    
    law-book_NN  theory_NN  ,_,    Thompson_NP  said_VVD  shortly_RR  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  ever_RR  try_VV0  law-book_NN  theory_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  cocked_JJ  pistol_NN  ,_,  Bell_NP  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  ridiculous_JJ  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  should_VM  be_VB0  riding_VBG  up_RP  there_RL  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  prevent_VV0  trouble_NN    stop_VV0  it_PPH1  before_CS  it_PPH1  starts_VBZ  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  that_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  attorneys_NNS  .    
    now_RL  who_PNQS  's_VBZ  being_VBG  ridiculous_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  damned_RR  well_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  forbid_VV0  either_LE  the_AT1  Marlows_NP2  or_CC  Ben_NP  Roan_NP  from_IO  fighting_VBG  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  without_IO  a_AT1  court_NN  order_NN  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  the_AT1  order_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  killing_NN  has_VHZ  already_RR  begun_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  folks_NNS  who_PNQS make_VV0  laws_NNS  had_VHD  to_TO  carry_VV0  law_NN  books_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  holsters_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  guns_NNS  .    
  Bell_NP  continued_VVD  to_TO  squint_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  and_CC  Marshal_NNSB1  Thompson_NP  fell_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  and_CC  disgusted_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  vertical_JJ  groove_NN  of_IO  disapproval_NN  lay_VVD  deep_RR  between_IO  his_APP$  eyebrows_NNS  .  
  Ben_NP  drove_VVD  steadily_RR  and_CC  did_VDD  not_XX  look_VV0  back_RP  .  
  Deming_NP  squatted_VVD  far_RR  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  quivering_JJ  heat_NN  one_MC1  moment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  moment_NN  it_PPH1  blurred_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  soiled_JJ  murk_NN  low_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  of_IO  far_JJ  horizon_NN  .  
  his_APP$  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  on_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Marlows_NP2  might_VM  have_VH0  money_NN  now_RL  ,_,  good_JJ  horses_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  large_JJ  herd_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  men_NNS  ;_;  that_DD1  kind_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  change_VV0  inwardly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  dozen_MC  gunfights_NNS  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  lay_VVD  inside_IO  men_NNS  that_PNQS counted_VVD  ,_,  not_XX  their_APP$  bankrolls_NNS  nor_CC  their_APP$  herds_NNS  ,_,  nor_CC  the_AT1  quality_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  stock_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Marlows_NP2  had_VHD  never_RR  had_VHN  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  money_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  put_VV0  it_PPH1  into_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  try_VV0  scaring_VBG  him_PPHO1  out_RP  ;_;  probably_RR  would_VM  .  
  or_CC  they_PPHS2  might_VM  shoot_VV0  his_APP$  horses_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  try_VV0  to_TO  bushwhack_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS it_PPH1  came_VVD  to_IO  stand-up-and-fight_NN  ,_,  or_CC  cut_NN  and_CC  run_NN  ,_,  lead_NN  bullets_NNS  or_CC  fast_JJ  horses_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  which_WDTI  way_NN  they_PPHS2  'd_VM  go_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  forged_VVD  steadily_RR  ahead_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  blue-shadows_NNS  where_CS the_AT1  land_NN  swelled_VVD  upwards_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  lift_NN  and_CC  fullness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  watch_NN  but_CCB  made_VVD  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  conceal_VV0  his_APP$  coming_NN  by_IO  clinging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  creek-willows_NNS  or_CC  the_AT1  meagre_JJ  shadows_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  watching_VBG  ,_,  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  watch_VV0  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  found_VBN  a_AT1  pinch_NN  of_IO  guttiness_NN  among_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  show_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  drinking_VBG  in_RP  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shade_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  uplands'_NN2  deep_JJ  silence_NN  when_CS movement_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  right_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  quiver_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  ,_,  of_IO  red_NN  and_CC  white_NN  ,_,  snagged_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  vision_NN  .  
  facing_VBG  swiftly_RR  half_RR  around_RP  ,_,  one_MC1  hand_NN  moving_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  blur_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  horse_NN  ,_,  head_NN  up_RP  ,_,  tail_NN  high_JJ  and_CC  waving_VBG  ,_,  running_VBG  westward_RR  .  
  a_AT1  lemon-yellow_JJ  sun_NN  ,_,  burning-huge_JJ  ,_,  cast_VVD  a_AT1  haziness_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  horse_NN  long_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  discern_VV0  flopping_JJ  stirrups_NNS  and_CC  broken_JJ  reins_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  back-traced_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_IO  where_CS the_AT1  sprawl_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  lay_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  grass_NN  ;_;  swung_VVD  the_AT1  team_NN  ,_,  urged_VVD  them_PPHO1  closer_RRR  and_CC  kept_VVD  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  vivid_JJ  hues_NNS  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  close_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  make_VV0  out_RP  arms_NNS  and_CC  legs_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  slowed_VVD  ,_,  set_VVD  the_AT1  brake_NN  and_CC  jumped_VVD  down_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  rolled_VVD  her_PPHO1  over_RP  with_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  straightened_VVD  her_APP$  limbs_NNS  and_CC  knelt_VVD  there_RL  wondering_VBG  who_PNQS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  from_IO  .  
  her_APP$  blouse_NN  was_VBDZ  tight-rising_JJ  ,_,  violent_JJ  red_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  riding_NN  skirt_NN  was_VBDZ  creamy_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  looking_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  even_RR  in_IO  unconsciousness_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  square_JJ  ,_,  full-lipped_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  wilful_JJ  appearing_JJ"  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  thick_JJ  riot_NN  of_IO  auburn_JJ  hair_NN  glistened_VVD  fiercely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  sunlight_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  shaded_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  hat_NN  and_CC  waited_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  uninjured_JJ  so_RG  far_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  being_VBG  knocked_VBN  senseless_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  fall_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  twisted_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  the_AT1  horse_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  smoking_VBG  and_CC  studying_VBG  the_AT1  upland_NN  shadows_NNS  when_CS she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  .  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  punched_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  lifted_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  smoothed_VVD  away_RP  the_AT1  hair_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  happened_VVD  ,_,  ma'm_NN  .    
    oh_UH  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  bucked_VVD  me_PPIO1  off_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  propped_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  against_IO  his_APP$  knee_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  his_APP$  hat_NN  back_RP  on_RP  and_CC  bent_VVD  to_TO  shield_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
    nothing_PN1  's_VBZ  broken_VBN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  could_VM  find_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  felt_VVD  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  
    ouch_UH  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  then_RL  gripped_VVD  her_PPHO1  by_IO  both_DB2  arms_NNS  .  
    come_VV0  on_RP  ;_;  you_PPY  can_VM  stand_VV0  up_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  drive_VV0  you_PPY  home_NN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  long_JJ  eyes_NNS  narrowed_VVD  .  
    who_PNQS  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    
    Ben_NP  Roan_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  own_VV0  some_DD  land_NN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  foothills_NNS  .    
    Roan_NP  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  blinked_VVD  and_CC  stared_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  .  
    and_CC  who_PNQS  are_VBR  you_PPY  ,_,  ma'm_NN  .    
    Sarahlee_NP  Marlow_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  .  
    Marlow_NP  .  
  kin_JJ  to_IO  old_JJ  Will_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  others_DA2  .    
    Will_NP  is_VBZ  my_APP$  uncle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boys_NNS  are_VBR  my_APP$  cousins_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  recollect_VV0  ever_RR  hearing_VBG  of_IO  any_DD  other_DA  Marlows_NP2  hereabouts_RR  .    
    my_APP$  people_NNS  live_VV0  in_IO  Santa_NP  Fe_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  up_RP  here_RL  since_IO  last_DA  May_NN1  looking_VBG  after_IO  grandpaw_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  very_RG  old_JJ  .    
    well_UH  ,_,    Ben_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  helping_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  arise_VV0  .  
    come_VV0  on_RP  ;_;  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  drive_VV0  you_PPY  on_RP  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  Marlow_NP  place_NN  .    
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  setting_VBG  the_AT1  lines_NNS  straight_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  straightened_VVD  her_APP$  clothes_NNS  ,_,  brushed_VVD  herself_PPX1  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  westerly_RR  ,_,  after_IO  the_AT1  horse_NN  ,_,  with_IO  anger_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  helped_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  went_VVD  around_RP  and_CC  climbed_VVD  up_RP  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  flicked_VVD  the_AT1  lines_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  leaned_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  wagon_NN  ground_VVD  back_RP  onto_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  the_AT1  only_DA  sound_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  iron_NN  tyres_NNS  grinding_VBG  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  gritty_JJ  dust_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  green_JJ  bog_NN  lay_VVD  the_AT1  ascent_NN  began_VVD  .  
  Ben_NP  slapped_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  team_NN  leaned_VVD  into_IO  their_APP$  collars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  trail_NN  steepened_VVD  .  
  not_XX  until_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  again_RR  ,_,  moving_VBG  through_IO  tree-shade_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  the_AT1  girl_NN  speak_VV0  .  
    what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  doing_VBG  is_VBZ  foolish_JJ  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roan_NP  .    
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    Ben_NP  said_VVD  easily_RR  ,_,  without_IO  looking_VBG  around_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  seem_VV0  that_DD1  way_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  the_AT1  lines_NNS  lie_VV0  slack_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  team_NN  dropped_VVD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  and_CC  toed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  upgrade_NN  .  
    my_APP$  cousins_NNS  will_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  you_PPY  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  ,_,  finally_RR  ,_,  and_CC  gazed_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  ma'm_NN  .  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  heard_VBN  that_DD1  before_II  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  now_RL  .    
    you_PPY  have_VH0  no_AT1  right-of-way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  Roan_NP  place_NN  .    
    ma'm_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  father_NN  built_VVD  this_DD1  road_NN  almost_RR  thirty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  Marlows_NP2  were_VBDR  in_IO  this_DD1  country_NN  .    
    but_CCB  the_AT1  road_NN  has_VHZ  n't_XX  been_VBN  used_VBN  since_CS  you_PPY  left_VVD  .    
    maybe_RR  not_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  right_NN  or_CC  not_XX  is_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  law-court_NN  to_TO  decide_VV0    not_XX  your_APP$  cousins_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  your_APP$  uncle_NN  .    
  Ben_NP  shrugged_VVD  slightly_RR  ,_,  studied_VVD  the_AT1  land_NN  ahead_RR  ,_,  then_RL  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  make_VV0  old_JJ  Will_NP  like_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  being_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  studied_VVD  his_APP$  profile_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  unnecessary_JJ  trouble_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Roan_NP  .    
    no_UH  ;_;  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  trouble_NN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  build_VV0  a_AT1  cabin_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  barn_NN  ,_,  some_DD  corrals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  peace_NN  .  
  if_CS  there_EX  's_VBZ  trouble_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  me_PPIO1  that_PNQS starts_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  more_DA  when_CS movement_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ahead_RR  caught_VVD  his_APP$  attention_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lines_NNS  lay_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  right_JJ  hand_NN  was_VBDZ  curled_VBN  and_CC  moving_VBG  when_CS a_AT1  big-framed_JJ  man_NN  moved_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  team_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  holding_VBG  a_AT1  carbine_NN  one-handed_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  cocked_VBN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  far_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  Roan_NP  .    
  Ben_NP  recognised_VVD  Harold_NP  Marlow_NP  .  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Hal_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    Sarahlee_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  way_NN  Marlow_NP  said_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  sounded_VVD  like_IO    Sally_NP    .  
    what_DDQ  'n_IO  tarnation_NN  you_PPY  doing_VBG  up_RP  there_RL  .    
    that_DD1  horse_NN  El_NP  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  bucked_VVD  me_PPIO1  off_RP  .    
    are_VBR  you_PPY  hurt_VBN  .    
    no_UH  ;_;  but_CCB      
    El_NP  told_VVD  you_PPY  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  green-broke_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  wonder_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  hurt_VBN  bad_RR  .    
  Marlow_NP  gestured_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  carbine_NN  .  
    get_VV0  down_RP  off'n_IO  there_RL  .    
    wait_VV0  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,    Ben_NP  said_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  get_VV0  down_RP  when_CS you_PPY  empty_VV0  that_DD1  carbine_NN  .    
  the_AT1  big_JJ  man_NN  looked_VVD  hard_RR  at_IO  Roan_NP  .  
    empty_VV0  hell_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  talking_VBG  to_IO  Guy_NP  now_RL  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  turn_VV0  that_DD1  caravan_NN  around_RP  and_CC  head_VV0  back_RP  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  .    
    be_VB0  a_AT1  shame_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  kill_VV0  your_APP$  cousin_NN  ,_,    Ben_NP  said_VVD  .  
    be_VB0  sure_JJ  you_PPY  shoot_VV0  straight_RR  ,_,  Hal_NP  .    
    Roan_NP  !_!  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  try_VV0  it_PPH1  !_!    
    behind_IO  two_MC  big_JJ  horses_NNS  and_CC  beside_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  try_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  odds_NNS  're_VBR  in_IO  my_APP$  favour_NN  .    
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  team-horses_NNS  blew_VVD  its_APP$  nose_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  girl_NN  started_VVD  .  
  her_APP$  single_JJ      do_VD0  n't_NC2    was_VBDZ  half_RR  scream_NN  ,_,  half_RR  sob_NN  .  
  neither_LE  man_NN  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  silence_NN  was_VBDZ  tight_JJ  around_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  .  
    Harold_NP  ,_,  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  .    
    can_VM  n't_XX  ,_,  Sarahlee_NP  ;_;  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  .    
    then_RL  wait_VV0  until_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  down_RP  .    
  Ben_NP  caught_VVD  her_APP$  right_JJ  wrist_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  took_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  off_IO  Hal_NP  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  trying_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  gone_VBN  for_IO  an_AT1  exposed_JJ  wrist_NN  or_CC  arm_NN  .  
  his_APP$  tie_NN  was_VBDZ  flapping_VBG  loose_JJ  now_RL  ;_;  his_APP$  hat_NN  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  and_CC  his_APP$  shoes_NNS  were_VBDR  dusty_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  shiny_JJ  and_CC  sweating_VBG  ;_;  so_PN1  was_VBDZ  mine_PP$  ,_,  no_AT1  doubt_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  in_RP  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  I_PPIS1  parried_VVD  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tiring_VBG  :_:  his_APP$  point_NN  was_VBDZ  far_RR  out_RP  of_IO  line_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  trick_NN  whereby_CS you_PPY  can_VM  ,_,  theoretically_RR  ,_,  disarm_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  stand_VV0  still_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  suppose_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ever_RR  used_VBN  in_IO  actual_JJ  combat_NN  ,_,  any_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  western_JJ  gunmen_NNS  ever_RR  used_VVD  such_DA  fancy_JJ  stunts_NNS  as_IO  the_AT1  highwayman's_NN1$  roll_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  border_NN  shift_NN  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  generally_RR  do_VD0  juggling_NN  tricks_NNS  when_CS your_APP$  life_NN  's_VBZ  at_IO  stake_NN  .  
  but_CCB  still_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  theoretical_JJ  possibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_RR  in_IO  position_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  with_IO  him_PPHO1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  n't_XX  lethal_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  counter-clockwise_JJ  circle_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  cane_NN    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  forgotten_VBN  the_AT1  technical_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manoeuvre_NN    catching_VBG  that_DD1  wide_JJ  point_NN  and_CC  spinning_VBG  it_PPH1  around_RP  ,_,  twisting_VBG  the_AT1  weapon_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  grasp_NN  .  .  
  an_AT1  alert_JJ  swordsman_NN  ,_,  in_IO  good_JJ  condition_NN  ,_,  would_VM  simply_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  smoothly_RR  around_IO  my_APP$  blade_NN  ,_,  or_CC  cane_NN  ,_,  and_CC  continued_VBN  his_APP$  attack_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  the_AT1  little_JJ  man's_NN1$  reflexes_NNS  were_VBDR  slowing_VBG  ,_,  his_APP$  wrist_NN  was_VBDZ  tired_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  wrench_NN  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  by_IO  surprise_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  the_AT1  sword_NN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sent_VVD  it_PPH1  flying_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  disarmed_VBN  and_CC  vulnerable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  hell_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  tired_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  moved_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  sob_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  after_IO  his_APP$  weapon_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  beat_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  and_CC  came_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  fencing_VBG  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  sword_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wielding_VBG  it_PPH1  like_IO  a_AT1  club_NN  ,_,  beating_VBG  at_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  shoulders_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  crying_VBG  with_IO  frustration_NN  and_CC  anger_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  whacked_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  chop_VV0  me_PPIO1  down_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  defend_VV0  myself_PPX1  against_IO  the_AT1  crazy_JJ  attack_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  kill_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  all_RR  right_RR    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wide_RR  open_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  above_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  straight-armed_JJ  lunge_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  driven_VBN  the_AT1  brass-tipped_JJ  cane_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  cartilages_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  supposed_VBN  to_TO  kill_VV0  anybody_PN1  .  
  under_IO  no_AT1  circumstances_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  order_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  order_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  too_RG  many_DA  weapons_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  hands_NNS  were_VBDR  full_JJ  ;_;  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  something_PN1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  alive_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  pleasant_JJ  aspects_NNS  of_IO  getting_VBG  a_AT1  living_JJ  ,_,  spitting_JJ  bobcat_NN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  parried_VVD  a_AT1  two-handed_JJ  cut_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  sword_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  laid_VBN  my_APP$  scalp_NN  open_JJ  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  weapon_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  edge_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  my_APP$  arms_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  dropped_VVD  everything_PN1  and_CC  ,_,  clutching_VBG  him_PPHO1  desperately_RR    if_CS  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  free_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  run_VV0  me_PPIO1  through_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN    I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  knee_NN  just_RR  as_RG  hard_RR  and_CC  dirty_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  doubled_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  clubbed_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  to_TO  break_VV0  his_APP$  neck_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  just_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  heel_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  fist_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  hammer_NN  ,_,  to_TO  drive_VV0  him_PPHO1  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  and_CC  curled_VVD  up_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  baby_NN  ,_,  hugging_VBG  himself_PPX1  where_CS it_PPH1  hurt_VVD  .  
  breathing_VBG  hard_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  retrieved_VVD  my_APP$  knife_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  sword_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  cane_NN  sheath_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fitted_VVD  them_PPHO1  back_RP  together_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  workmanship_NN  :_:  you_PPY  could_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  the_AT1  joint_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  Homburg_NP  hat_NN  and_CC  dusted_VVD  it_PPH1  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  carried_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  guy_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR  lying_VBG  there_RL  .  
  my_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  ached_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  feel_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  sorry_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  admit_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  honesty_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  put_VBN  on_RP  a_AT1  damn_RR  good_JJ  show_NN  .  
  whether_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  genuine_JJ  or_CC  phony_JJ  remained_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  determined_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  bent_VVD  over_RP  to_TO  hear_VV0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  moaning_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  a_AT1  name_NN  ,_,  and_CC  leaned_VVD  closer_RRR  .  
    Sara_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  whimpering_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  my_APP$  best_JJT  ,_,  Sara_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sorry_JJ  .    
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ready_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  more_RG  clearly_RR  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  just_RR  a_RR  little_RR  bigger_JJ  .  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ready_JJ  now_RL  .  
  kill_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  murderer_NN  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  her_PPHO1  !_!    
  chapter_NN  thirteen_MC  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  while_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  things_NNS  straightened_VBN  out_RP  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  finally_RR  become_VBN  reconciled_VBN  to_IO  not_XX  dying_VBG  heroically_RR  at_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Sara_NP  Lundgren's_PPIO2  fiance_NN  ,_,  Raoul_NP  Carlsson_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  of_IO  Carlsson_NP  and_CC  LeClaire_NP  ,_,  women's_NN2  clothing_NN  ,_,  Stockholm_NP  ,_,  Paris_NP  ,_,  London_NP  ,_,  Rome_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  met_VBN  Sara_NP  at_IO  her_APP$  dress_NN  shop_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  business_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  romance_NN  had_VHD  flowered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  worried_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  Sara_NP  lately_RR  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seemed_VBN  preoccupied_JJ  and_CC  unhappy_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  for_IO  lunch_NN  and_CC  then_RL  called_VVD  up_RP  later_RRR  the_AT1  same_DA  day_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  hotel_NN  to_TO  cancel_VV0  their_APP$  dinner_NN  engagement_NN  for_IO  reasons_NNS  that_PNQS did_VDD  n't_XX  ring_NN  quite_RR  true_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  it_PPH1  upon_IO  himself_PPX1  to_TO  go_VV0  there_RL  and_CC  .  well_UH  ,_,  to_TO  tell_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  spied_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  good_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  least_DA  bit_NN  jealous_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  merely_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  troubling_VBG  her_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  help_VV0  .  
  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  surreptitiously_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  waited_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  lobby_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  soon_RR  realized_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  turn_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  watching_VBG  for_IO  somebody_PN1  else_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  me_PPIO1  come_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  lobby_NN  with_IO  Lou_NP  Taylor_NP  .  
  Sara_NP  had_VHD  followed_VBN  us_PPIO2   ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  followed_VBN  Sara_NP  .  
  after_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  trailed_VBN  us_PPIO2   all_DB  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  then_RL  Sara_NP  had_VHD  got_VBN  her_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  driven_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  park_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  until_CS  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  briefly_RR  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  suitable_JJ  place_NN  to_TO  leave_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  car_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  parking_NN  lot_NN  on_IO  foot_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  fancy_JJ  Volkswagen_NP  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  there_RL  empty_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  waited_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  bushes_NNS  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  return_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  long_JJ  conversation_NN  not_XX  as_RG  friendly_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  left_VBN  abruptly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  in_IO  anger_NN  ,_,  and_CC  disappeared_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  almost_RR  immediately_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  dispatched_VBN  by_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  two_MC  men_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  and_CC  dragged_VBN  Sara_NP  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  carried_VBN  her_PPHO1  off_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  taken_VBN  .  
  while_CS  he_PPHO1  ,_,  Carlsson_NP  ,_,  was_VBDZ  still_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  way_NN  after_IO  her_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  and_CC  darkness_NN  ,_,  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  shots_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  clearing_NN  and_CC  seen_VBN  me_PPIO1  standing_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  looking_VBG  grim_JJ  and_CC  terrible_JJ  .  
  at_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  beloved_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  Sara_NP  ,_,  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  brutally_RR  beaten_VBN  and_CC  shot_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  started_VBN  forward_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  police_NNS  had_VHD  come_VBN  .  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  tell_VV0  them_PPHO1  about_IO  me_PPIO1  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  expressively_RR  .  
    they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  put_VBN  you_PPY  in_IO  prison_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  reach_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  crazy_JJ  with_IO  grief_NN  and_CC  anger_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  punish_VV0  you_PPY  myself_PPX1  ,_,  not_XX  give_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  some_DD  stupid_JJ  policeman_NN  !_!    
  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  slipped_VVD  away_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  learned_VVD  your_APP$  name_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  left_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  determine_VV0  your_APP$  destination_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  .    
    with_IO  your_APP$  little_JJ  sword-cane_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  dryly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  again_RR  .  
    pistols_NNS  are_VBR  not_XX  so_RG  common_JJ  here_RL  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  in_IO  your_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Helm_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  weapon_NN  I_PPIS1  owned_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  suffice_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  expect_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  swordsman_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  American_JJ  passport_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  grimaced_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  skilful_JJ  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  little_JJ  knife_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  think_VV0  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  fair_JJ  .    
  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  this_DD1  secret_JJ  business_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  you_PPY  say_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  Sara_NP  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  ,_,  that_PNQS led_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  death_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  who_PNQS  killed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  man_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  care_NN  of_IO  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  big_JJ  talk_NN  ,_,  for_IO  someone_PN1  whose_PNQV$  hands_NNS  were_VBDR  tied_VBN  by_IO  official_JJ  orders_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  this_DD1  little_JJ  firebrand_NN  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  complex_JJ  enough_RGA  without_IO  being_VBG  loused_VBN  up_RP  further_RRR  by_IO  vengeful_JJ  amateurs_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  finally_RR  got_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  promise_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Stockholm_NP  and_CC  leave_VV0  everything_PN1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  his_APP$  home_NN1  address_NN  and_CC  telephone_NN  number_NN  ,_,  and_CC  promised_VVD  to_TO  notify_VV0  him_PPHO1  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  something_PN1  to_TO  notify_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  get_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  big_JJ  American_JJ  car_NN  and_CC  drive_VV0  away_RP  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  into_IO  my_APP$  little_JJ  Volvo_NP  ,_,  drove_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  stuck_VVD  some_DD  bandaids_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  my_APP$  breakfast_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  dining_NN  room_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  shared_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  only_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  railroad_NN  workers_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  tourist_NN  couple_NN  from_IO  Norway_NP    the_AT1  language_NN  sounds_VBZ  like_VV0  badly_RR  garbled_JJ  Swedish_NN1  ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  Swede_NN1  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bright_JJ  ,_,  clear_JJ  fall_NN  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  stay_VV0  that_DD1  way_NN  ,_,  for_IO  photography's_NN1$  sake_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sipped_VVD  my_APP$  coffee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  nibbled_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  stuff_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  plate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thought_VBN  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Raoul_NP  Carlsson_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  time_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  kidding_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  know_VV0  more_DA  about_IO  it_PPH1  when_CS Vance_NP  made_VVD  his_APP$  report_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hoped_VVD  within_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  or_CC  two_MC  .  
  a_AT1  shadow_NN  fell_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  thinking_VBG  deep_JJ  thoughts_NNS  .    Lou_NP  Taylor_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  away_RP  .    
  I_PPIS1  rose_VVD  and_CC  helped_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  her_APP$  chair_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  rust-brown_JJ  skirt_NN  and_CC  sweater_NN  as_IO  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  sturdy_JJ  walking_NN  shoes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  trench_NN  coat_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  dropped_VBN  it_PPH1  on_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  concerned_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  trench_NN  coat_NN  looks_VBZ  fine_JJ  on_IO  Alan_NP  Ladd_NP  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  bad_JJ  on_IO  Marlene_NP  Dietrich_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  either_LE  one_MC1  .  
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stopped_VVD  smiling_VBG  abruptly_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  happened_VVD  to_IO  your_APP$  hand_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  my_APP$  bandaged_JJ  fingers_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  cut_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  dropped_VVD  a_AT1  glass_NN  and_CC  cut_VVD  myself_PPX1  picking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  pieces_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  dryly_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  get_VV0  yourself_PPX1  another_DD1  girl_NN  ,_,  Matt_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  frowned_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  does_VBZ  that_DD1  mean_VV0  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  bowing_VBG  out_RP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  referring_VBG  to_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  laughing_VBG  quickly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  your_APP$  night_NN  girl_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  who_PNQS plays_VBZ  so_RG  rough_RR  .  
  a_AT1  black_JJ  eye_NN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  two_MC  cut_JJ  fingers_NNS  today_NN1    or_CC  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  bite_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    keep_VV0  it_PPH1  clean_JJ  ,_,  now_RL  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  nights_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  yourself_PPX1  all_RR  beat_VBN  up_RP  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  the_AT1  secret_JJ  life_NN  of_IO  Matthew_NP  Helm_NP  .  Helm_NP  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  a_AT1  Swedish_JJ  name_NN  .    
    more_RRR  or_CC  less_RRR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  fancier_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  Dad_NNSB1  whittled_VVD  it_PPH1  down_RP  to_IO  something_PN1  even_RR  Yankees_NP2  could_VM  pronounce_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  Scandinavian_JJ  blood_NN  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  sitting_VBG  there_RL  eating_VBG  that_DD1  stuff_NN  so_RG  calmly_RR  .  
  fish_NN  for_IO  breakfast_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  God_NP  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  watch_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  hurry_VV0  ;_;  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  in_IO  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  possibly_RR  promote_VV0  a_AT1  simple_JJ  cup_NN  of_IO  black_JJ  coffee_NN  and_CC  some_DD  toast_NN  .  
  rostat_&FW  bro"d_&FW  ,_,  they_PPHS2  call_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  means_VBZ  ,_,  literally_RR  ,_,  roasted_JJ  bread_NN  .  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  to_TO  figure_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  team_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  good_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  told_VBN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  Swedish_NN1  perfectly_RR  well_RR  ,_,  yet_CF  here_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  calmly_RR  instructing_VBG  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  language_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  ancestors_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  taught_VBN  me_PPIO1  their_APP$  system_NN  of_IO  measurement_NN  the_AT1  day_NN  before_II  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  nice_JJ  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS knew_VVD  their_APP$  business_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  company_NN  car_NN  arrived_VVD  ,_,  right_RR  on_IO  schedule_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  black_JJ  ,_,  dignified-looking_JJ  old_JJ  Chrysler_NP  limousine_NN  complete_JJ  with_IO  one_MC1  middle-aged_JJ  gent_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  chauffeur's_NN1$  cap_NN  to_TO  drive_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  young_JJ  guy_NN  named_VBN  Lindstro"m_NP  to_TO  answer_VV0  our_APP$  questions_NNS  and_CC  keep_VV0  us_PPIO2   out_RP  of_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  load_VV0  my_APP$  paraphernalia_NNS  aboard_RP  ;_;  then_RL  we_PPIS2  drove_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  mine_NN  entrance_NN  ,_,  less_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  mile_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  passed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  with_IO  some_DD  formality_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  took_VVD  a_AT1  road_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mountain_NN  named_VBN  Kirnnavaara_NP    vaara_&FW  means_VBZ  mountain_NN  in_IO  Finnish_NN1  ,_,  Lou_NP  informed_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  the_AT1  country_NN  lane_NN  was_VBDZ  lonely_JJ  .  
  terrified_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  faced_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS barred_VVD  her_APP$  way_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  then_RL  he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  turned_VVD  and_CC  ran_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  .  
  voices_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  a_AT1  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Trevor_NP  Allen_NP  .  
  as_CS  dusk_NN  deepened_VVD  to_IO  darkness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  gloomy_JJ  beechwood_NN  Sheila_NP  shivered_VVD  .  
  shadows_NNS  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  scared_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  breath_NN  ,_,  stumbling_VBG  over_IO  roots_NNS  and_CC  ruts_NNS  ,_,  pressing_VBG  on_RP  to_TO  reach_VV0  the_AT1  road_NN  before_CS  utter_JB  darkness_NN  swallowed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  taken_VBN  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  path_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  common_NN  and_CC  gone_VBN  miles_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  home_NN1  long_RR  before_IO  sunset_NN  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  mounting_JJ  terror_NN  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  never_RR  find_VV0  the_AT1  road_NN  at_IO  all_DB  and_CC  have_VH0  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  night_NN  huddled_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  shelter_NN  of_IO  bushes_NNS  or_CC  a_AT1  hedge_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  fool_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  to_TO  come_VV0  on_IO  this_DD1  walk_NN  alone_JJ  !_!  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  set_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  temper_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fed_JJ  up_JJ"  ,_,  desperate_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  everyone_PN1  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  two_MC    especially_RR  father_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  nagging_VBG  her_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  nothing_PN1  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  ever_RR  pleased_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  builder's_NN1$  foreman_NN  and_CC  seemed_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  could_VM  order_VV0  her_PPHO1  about_RP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  his_APP$  men_NNS    as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  child_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  of_IO  seventeen_MC  earning_VBG  her_APP$  own_DA  living_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  grew_VVD  her_APP$  hair_NN  beehive_NN  style_NN  because_CS  other_DA  girls_NNS  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    why_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  have_VH0  your_APP$  hair_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  hideous_JJ  !_!    
  when_CS she_PPHO1  bought_VVD  her_APP$  first_MD  stiletto-heeled_JJ  shoes_NNS  he_PPHO1  grumbled_VVD  :_:  
    how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  walk_VV0  on_IO  those_DD2  things_NNS  ,_,  wobbling_VBG  at_IO  every_AT1  step_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  ruin_VV0  your_APP$  feet_NNS    and_CC  the_AT1  carpets_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  her_APP$  wearing_VBG  jeans_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  objected_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  juke-box_NN  cafe*?2_NN  where_CS her_APP$  friends_NNS  met_VVD  regularly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  straw_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  just_RR  bought_VBN  a_AT1  transistor_NN  radio_NN  set_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  he_PPHO1  could_VM  say_VV0  was_VBDZ  :_:  
    why_CS on_IO  earth_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  cart_VV0  that_DD1  about_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  everywhere_RR  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  telly_NN  at_IO  home_NN1  ;_;  is_VBZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  enough_DD  .    
    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  retorted_VBN  ,_,  stung_VBN  by_IO  this_DD1  latest_JJT  reproof_NN  .  
    and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  own_DA  money_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  listen_VV0  to_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  any_DD  time_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  do_VD0  any_DD  harm_NN  .  
    why_CS must_VM  you_PPY  always_RR  be_VB0  getting_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Dad_NNSB1  .  
  nothing_PN1  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  do_VD0  is_VBZ  right_JJ  !_!    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  waste_NN  of_IO  money_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  persisted_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  start_VV0  saving_VBG  now_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  as_CS  your_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  young_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  transistor_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  straw_NN    over_IO  Sunday_NN1  tea_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  sulked_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  wandered_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  past_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  housing_NN  estate_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  outskirts_NNS  ,_,  up_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  that_PNQS climbed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  beechwoods_NNS  and_CC  common_NN  ,_,  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ,_,  furious_JJ  ,_,  rebellious_JJ  ,_,  thinking_VBG  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  :_:  
  if_CS  Dad_NNSB1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  stop_VV0  going_VBG  on_RP  at_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  leave_VV0  home_NN1  and_CC  get_VV0  a_AT1  room_NN  somewhere_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  now_RL  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  for_IO  mother_NN  .  
  Mother_NN  had_VHD  always_RR  tried_VBN  to_TO  smooth_VV0  things_NNS  out_RP  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  young_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  learn_VV0  .    
  but_CCB  father_NN  was_VBDZ  obstinate_JJ  ,_,  domineering_JJ  .  
  panic_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS ,_,  too_RG  angry_JJ  to_TO  notice_VV0  where_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  wrong_JJ  path_NN  back_RP  and_CC  got_VBN  lost_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  with_IO  thankful_JJ  relief_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  and_CC  saw_VVD  ,_,  through_IO  a_AT1  gap_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  town_NN  lights_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  lane_NN  between_IO  high_JJ  hedges_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lights_NNS  looked_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  off_RP  .  
  the_AT1  road_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  want_VV0  to_TO  imprison_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  its_APP$  funnelled_JJ  gloom_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  off_RP  along_IO  it_PPH1  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  footsteps_NNS  approaching_VBG  ahead_RR  of_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  crossed_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  side_NN  .  
    good_JJ  evening_NN  !_!    said_VVD  a_AT1  thick_JJ  voice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  ,_,  as_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  came_VVD  abreast_RR  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  too_RG  scared_JJ  to_TO  reply_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  on_RP    then_RL  became_VVD  aware_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suddenly_RR  turned_VBN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  following_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  footsteps_NNS  behind_RP  terrified_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  quickened_VVD  her_APP$  pace_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  quickened_VVD  his_PP$  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  overtaking_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  panic_NN  seized_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  murders_NNS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  read_VBN  about_IO    of_IO  girls_NNS  waylaid_VBN  on_IO  lonely_JJ  roads_NNS  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  girls_NNS  missing_JJ  for_IO  days_NNS  ,_,  weeks_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  search_NN  parties_NNS  scouring_VBG  the_AT1  countryside_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  hidden_JJ  spot_NN  .  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  God_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  ,_,    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  get_VV0  home_NN1  safely_RR  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  get_VV0  home_NN1  ,_,  away_RP  from_IO  this_DD1  terror_NN  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  run_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  show_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  make_VV0  things_NNS  worse_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  tight_JJ  new_JJ  skirt_NN  was_VBDZ  hampering_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  knees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  run_VV0  .  
  terror_NN  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  strength_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  that_CS  someone_PN1  would_VM  suddenly_RR  come_VV0  along_IO  the_AT1  lane_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  and_CC  save_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  footsteps_NNS  drew_VVD  close_RR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  again_RR  ,_,  still_RR  frantically_RR  hurrying_VBG  ,_,  panting_VBG  and_CC  palpitating_VBG  with_IO  fright_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  came_VVD  alongside_II  .  
  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  ,_,  facing_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
    in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    he_PPHO1  slurred_VVD  .  
    thought_VVD  you_PPY  might_VM  like_VV0  company_NN  .  like_VV0  .  .    
  his_APP$  breath_NN  smelt_VVD  of_IO  drink_NN  .  
  his_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  bantering_JJ  ,_,  insinuating_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  towered_VVD  above_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  an_AT1  evil_JJ  shadow_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
    please_UH  !_!    she_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  heart_NN  pounding_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  company_NN  .  
  please_UH  !_!    
    someone_PN1  's_VBZ  coming_VBG    .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  blocked_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
    a_AT1  nice_JJ  girl_NN  like_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  smirked_VVD  ,_,    all_RR  alone_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  bit_NN  friendly_JJ  ,_,  can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  alone_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  maybe_RR  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  get_VV0  on_RP  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  maybe_RR  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  sidestep_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  
    a_AT1  nice_JJ  girl_NN  like_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  grip_NN  numbed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  faint_VV0  .  
  then_RL  .  dimly_RR  ,_,  distantly_RR  ,_,  voices_NNS  sounded_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  stillness_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  down_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  voices_NNS  sounded_VBN  nearer_RRR  ,_,  slightly_RR  louder_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  remote_JJ  .  
  thank_VV0  heaven_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  alone_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  his_APP$  mercy_NN  .  .  
    help_VV0  me_PPIO1  !_!    she_PPHO1  screamed_VVD  .  
    help_VV0  !_!  
  help_VV0  !_!    
  then_RL  ,_,  wrenching_VBG  her_APP$  arm_NN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  :_:  
    now_RL  you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  deserve_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  beast_NN  !_!  
  someone_PN1  's_VBZ  coming_VBG  !_!    
  startled_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  instantly_RR  released_VVD  his_APP$  grip_NN  and_CC  backed_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  him_PPHO1  running_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  .  
  relieved_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  running_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  lights_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  lifting_VBG  her_APP$  skirt_NN  to_TO  free_VV0  her_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
  half_RR  running_VBG  half_RR  walking_VBG  ,_,  stumbling_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  slow_VV0  down_RP  until_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  breath_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  housing_NN  estate_NN  glimmered_VVD  ahead_RR  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  whence_CS the_AT1  voices_NNS  came_VVD  .  
  involuntarily_RR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  right_JJ  arm_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  finger_NN  had_VHD  touched_VBN  and_CC  turned_VBN  the_AT1  knob_NN  on_IO  top_II  of_II  the_AT1  transistor_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  strap_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN    this_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  just_RR  enough_DD  to_TO  tune_VV0  in_RP  faintly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  talking_VBG  .  
  luckily_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
    waste_NN  of_IO  money_NN  !_!    
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  tuned_VBN  to_IO  another_DD1  station_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  music_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  a_AT1  discussion_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  play_NN  ,_,  or_CC  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  turned_VBN  it_PPH1  full_RR  on_RP  instead_RR  of_IO  faintly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  voices_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  down_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  home_NN1  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_APP$  father_NN  what_DDQ  the_AT1    waste_NN  of_IO  money_NN    had_VHD  done_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  lonely_JJ  road_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  ,_,  with_IO  no_PN1  one_PN  near_II  to_TO  aid_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  menacing_JJ  gunman_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  impatient_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  stalled_VVD  for_IO  time_NN  .  
  her_APP$  position_NN  seemed_VVD  hopeless_JJ  .  then_RL  her_APP$  desperate_JJ  plan_NN  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  .  .  
  diamonds_NNS  are_VBR  hard_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Sheila_NP  Burns_NP  .  
  Cherry_NP  backed_VVD  her_APP$  car_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ,_,  glad_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  home_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  hated_VBN  every_AT1  moment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  television_NN  theatre_NN  away_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  young_JJ  ,_,  adored_JJ  husband_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  study_NN  and_CC  guessed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  \0TV_NN  play_NN  .  
  closing_VBG  the_AT1  garage_NN  doors_NNS  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  turn_VV0  when_CS she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  cold_JJ  muzzle_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  gun_NN  against_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  .  
    just_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  quickly_RR  it_PPH1  flashed_VVD  through_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  John's_PPIO2  anniversary_NN  gift_NN  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  after_IO  .  
  the_AT1  newspapers_NNS  had_VHD  carried_VBN  a_AT1  story_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1    a_AT1  diamond_NN  brooch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  first_MD  really_RR  expensive_JJ  gift_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  man_NN  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wearing_VBG  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  broadcast_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  safe_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  Mount_NNL1  Everest_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  sitting_NN  room_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  brooch_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  wearing_VBG  it_PPH1  .    
    a_AT1  muffet_NN    .  
    walk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  commanded_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  back_RP  .  
  go_VV0  inside_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  follow_VV0  .  
  is_VBZ  your_APP$  husband_NN  asleep_JJ  .    
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  working_VBG  late_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    go_VV0  in_RP  just_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  ,_,  except_IO  for_II  John_NP  and_CC  Bongo_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  dog_NN  .  
  Cherry_NP  walked_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  path_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ;_;  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  shivered_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  key_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  paused_VVD    and_CC  the_AT1  gun_NN  prodded_VVD  still_RR  harder_RRR  in_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    go_VV0  on_RP  .    
  from_IO  upstairs_RL  ,_,  John_NP  called_VVD  :_:  
    that_DD1  you_PPY  ,_,  Cherry_NP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  back_RP  .    
    everything_PN1  \0OK_UH  .    
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  sweat_NN  ,_,  then_RL  said_VVD  automatically_RR  :_:  
    everything_PN1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  hall_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  man_NN  close_RR  up_RP  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Bongo_NP  was_VBDZ  whining_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  put_VBN  to_IO  bed_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  sitting_NN  room_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  and_CC  John_NP  spent_VVD  their_APP$  happiest_JJT  hours_NNS  together_RR  .  
  usually_RR  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  come_VV0  into_IO  this_DD1  room_NN  immediately_RR  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  hoped_VVD  that_CS  John_NP  would_VM  hear_VV0  and_CC  notice_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  happened_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  attract_VV0  his_APP$  attention_NN  somehow_RR  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    in_IO  a_AT1  muffet_NN  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  always_RR  called_VBN  getting_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  jam_NN  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  John_NP  had_VHD  called_VBN  a_AT1  muddle_NN  a_AT1    muffet_NN        Miss_NNSB1  Muffet_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  spider_NN    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  explained_VBN  and_CC  laughed_VBN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  the_AT1  gunman_NN  .  
  playing_VBG  for_IO  time_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  face_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  agony_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  and_CC  hoping_VBG  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  faint_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  smaller_JJ  than_CS  she_PPHO1  expected_VVD    a_AT1  little_JJ  rat_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  close-set_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  a_AT1  drink_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  beer_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sideboard_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  fetched_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    put_VV0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  lady_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  still_RR  pointing_VBG  the_AT1  gun_NN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,    and_CC  then_RL  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS the_AT1  brooch_NN  is_VBZ  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  safe_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  might_VM  already_RR  know_VV0  that_CS  John_NP  had_VHD  got_VBN  a_AT1  home-made_JJ  safe_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  magazine_NN  had_VHD  used_VBN  the_AT1  story_NN  as_IO  an_AT1  item_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  life_NN  of_IO  celebrities_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  read_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  safe_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  .  
    where_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
  she_PPHO1  conquered_VVD  the_AT1  compelling_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  quick_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  Everest_NP  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  her_APP$  first_MD  flash_NN  of_IO  spirit_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  secret_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  make_VV0  you_PPY  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  here_RL  to_TO  get_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  live_VV0  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
    but_CCB  the_AT1  big_JJ  breaks_NNS  are_VBR  too_RG  tricky_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  small_JJ  pulls_NNS  ,_,  something_PN1  that_PNQS fences_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  shy_VV0  at_IO  ,_,  diamonds_NNS  without_IO  a_AT1  history_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  big_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  bring_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  next_DA  meal_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  rapped_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  .  
    open_VV0  that_DD1  bottle_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  pour_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  head_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  .  
  now_RL  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS ,_,  lady_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  amazed_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  courage_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  upstairs_RL  .    
    you_PPY  could_VM  get_VV0  'em_PPHO1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    yes_UH  .    
    but_CCB  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  along_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VM  tell_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  bet_VV0  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  go_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  know_VV0  ,_,  anyway_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  man_NN  drank_VVD  the_AT1  beer_NN  ,_,  held_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  glass_NN  for_IO  more_DA  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  she_PPHO1  faltered_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  got_VBN  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  some_DD  way_NN  out_RP  ;_;  the_AT1  longer_RRR  she_PPHO1  lingered_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  easier_JJ  it_PPH1  could_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  for_CS  sooner_RRR  or_CC  later_RRR  John_NP  would_VM  realize_VV0  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  closely_RR  the_AT1  man_NN  eyed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  get_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  lady_NN  ,_,  maybe_RR  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  right_RR  up_RP  and_CC  shoot_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .    
  she_PPHO1  winced_VVD  .  
    surely_RR  we_PPIS2  could_VM  settle_VV0  this_DD1  between_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  suddenly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  easier_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  the_AT1  brooch_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  somehow_RR  she_PPHO1  still_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  not_XX  doing_VBG  that_DD1  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    the_AT1  man_NN  said_VVD  between_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
  terrified_JJ  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  John's_PPIO2  sudden_JJ  footstep_NN  overhead_RR  and_CC  wondered_VVD  if_CS  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  realized_VVD  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  6-15_MC-MC  .  
  Joyce_NP  Seaton_NP  was_VBDZ  quarrelling_VBG  with_IO  Barry_NP  West_NP  again_RR  .  
  Barry_NP  had_VHD  brought_VBN  her_PPHO1  more_DA  happiness_NN  than_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  known_VBN  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  her_APP$  quieter_JJ  moments_NNS  she_PPHO1  never_RR  had_VHD  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  doubt_NN  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  lately_RR  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  been_VBN  quarrelling_VBG  far_RR  too_RG  often_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  quarrelled_VBN  with_IO  anyone_PN1  more_RG  fiercely_RR  than_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  with_IO  Barry_NP  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  about_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  thing_NN    whether_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  give_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  job_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  married_VBN  .  
    why_CS can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  understand_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  despairingly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  more_DA  to_IO  me_PPIO1  than_IO  just_RR  a_AT1  job_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  true_JJ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  only_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  secretary_NN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  dreamed_VBN  and_CC  worked_VBN  for_IO  since_CS  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  work_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  just_RR  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  typist_NN  any_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  someone_PN1  important_JJ  .    
  Barry's_PPIO2  face_NN  set_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  obstinate_JJ  lines_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  learned_VBN  to_TO  recognise_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  order_VV0  other_DA  people_NNS  about_RP  and_CC  you_PPY  get_VV0  a_AT1  kick_NN  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  making_VBG  you_PPY  hard_JJ  ,_,  Joyce_NP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  meant_VVD  what_DDQ  you_PPY  said_VVD  about_IO  loving_VBG  me_PPIO1  and_CC  wanting_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1      
  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  wistful_JJ  look_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  Joyce_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  regret_VV0  all_DB  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  said_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  mean_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    then_RL  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  agree_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  properly_RR  engaged_VBN  .    
  Joyce_NP  drew_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  ,_,  determined_JJ  to_TO  remain_VV0  calm_JJ  and_CC  reasonable_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  explained_VBN  how_CS I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  around_RP  flashing_VBG  an_AT1  engagement_NN  ring_NN  it_PPH1  'll_VM  look_VV0  as_CS  though_CS  my_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  something_PN1  else_RR  instead_RR  of_IO  my_APP$  work_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  neither_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   go_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  .  
  what_DDQ  difference_NN  would_VM  an_AT1  engagement_NN  make_VV0  .    
  Barry_NP  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  quiet_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  deadly_JJ  earnest_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  had_VHD  made_VBN  up_RP  your_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  your_APP$  future_NN  lay_VVD  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  could_VM  fix_VV0  a_AT1  date_NN  for_IO  our_APP$  wedding_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  look_VV0  forward_RR  to_IO  having_VHG  you_PPY  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  seeing_VBG  you_PPY  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  less_DA  every_AT1  night_NN  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  catch_VV0  this_DD1  darn_JJ  train_NN  each_DD1  day_NN  ,_,  getting_VBG  home_NN1  too_RG  tired_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  gazed_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  earnestly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  putting_VBG  years_NNS  on_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  travelling_VBG  to_IO  Marbury_NP  every_AT1  day_NN  .  
  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  you_PPY  look_VV0  much_RR  more_RG  tired_JJ  since_CS  you_PPY  took_VVD  on_RP  that_DD1  new_JJ  job_NN  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  a_AT1  bit_NN  more_DA  money_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  on_IO  clothes_NNS  and_CC  make-up_NN  ,_,  but_CCB      
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  !_!    said_VVD  Joyce_NP  sharply_RR  .  
  Barry_NP  had_VHD  really_RR  touched_VBN  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  raw_JJ  ,_,  telling_VBG  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  older_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  responsibility_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hectic_JJ  day_NN  that_PNQS never_RR  seemed_VVD  long_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  on_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  admit_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  worlds_NNS  .  
  Joyce_NP  stood_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  took_VVD  down_RP  her_APP$  shopping_NN  bag_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rack_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  find_VV0  another_DD1  compartment_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  pleased_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  came_VVD  to_IO  Marbury_NP  to_TO  travel_VV0  home_NN1  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  realise_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lecture_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  run_VV0  my_APP$  life_NN  .  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Barry_NP  West_NP  ,_,  that_CS  marriage_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  a_AT1  girl_NN  thinks_VBZ  about_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  career_NN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  lead_VV0  a_AT1  busy_JJ  ,_,  useful_JJ  life_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  doing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  may_VM  never_RR  marry_VV0  .    
    now_RL  look_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  Joyce_NP      he_PPHO1  said_VVD  indignantly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  brushed_VVD  past_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  ,_,  stepping_VBG  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  ,_,  closed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  slam_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  quick-tempered_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  tears_NNS  of_IO  vexation_NN  blinded_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  chill_JJ  draught_NN  that_PNQS swept_VVD  along_IO  it_PPH1  calmed_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_RR  little_RR  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  marry_VV0  Barry_NP  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  no_AT1  hurry_NN  to_TO  bury_VV0  herself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  Wilford_NP  .  
  Barry_NP  really_RR  knew_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  the_AT1  importance_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  urgency_NN  ,_,  having_VHG  people_NNS  doing_VBG  as_CS  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD    having_VHG  extra_JJ  money_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  purse_NN  for_IO  new_JJ  clothes_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  for_IO  silly_JJ  things_NNS  like_IO  bits_NNS  of_IO  costume_NN  jewellery_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  new_JJ  lipstick_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  shivered_VVD  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  catch_NN  cold_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  .  
  Joyce_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  expected_VBN  Barry_NP  to_TO  follow_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  obstinate_JJ  as_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  weakness_NN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  back_RP  and_CC  walked_VVD  past_IO  his_APP$  window_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  one_MC1  compartment_NN  between_IO  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sitting_VBG  with_IO  Barry_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  so_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  corner_NN  seat_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  her_APP$  indignation_NN  subsided_VVD  and_CC  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  calm_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  take_VV0  stock_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  fellow-travellers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  sitting_VBG  opposite_IO  her_PPHO1  holding_VBG  a_AT1  sporting_NN  paper_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  Joyce_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  long_JJ  legs_NNS  in_IO  narrow_JJ  trousers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  shoes_NNS  with_IO  pointed_JJ  toes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  lowered_VVD  his_APP$  paper_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  Joyce_NP  quickly_RR  glanced_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  before_CS  her_APP$  dislike_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stranger_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  confirmed_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  older_JJ  than_CS  she_PPHO1  expected_VVD  ,_,  about_RR  thirty_MC  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  black_JJ  and_CC  unusually_RR  searching_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  thin_JJ  mouth_NN  had_VHD  an_AT1  equally_RR  thin_JJ  moustache_NN  above_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  harmless_JJ  enough_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  Joyce_NP  was_VBDZ  relieved_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  compartment_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  men_NNS  sitting_VBG  facing_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  at_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  compartment_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  been_VBN  chatting_VBG  together_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  Joyce_NP  glanced_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  turned_VVD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  and_CC  stared_VVD  back_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  suddenly_RR  sick_JJ  and_CC  more_RR  than_RR  a_RR  little_RR  scared_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  look_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  pure_JJ  hate_NN  .  
  Joyce_NP  took_VVD  another_DD1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  facing_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  raised_VBN  his_APP$  paper_NN  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sure_JJ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  imagined_VBN  the_AT1  strange_JJ  look_NN  .  
  tonight_NN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  even_RR  more_RG  tired_JJ  than_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  despite_IO  her_APP$  assurances_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  nagging_JJ  little_JJ  fear_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  move_VV0  farther_RRR  up_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  .  
  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  find_VV0  an_AT1  empty_JJ  compartment_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  rose_VVD  ,_,  took_VVD  her_APP$  bag_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  coach_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  guard_NN  was_VBDZ  locking_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  grey-haired_JJ  ,_,  elderly_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  kindly_JJ  face_NN  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  through_RP  here_RL  ,_,  miss_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    why_CS not_XX  .    said_VVD  Joyce_NP  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  room_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  might_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  compartment_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  could_VM  put_VV0  my_APP$  feet_NNS  up_RP  .    
  the_AT1  guard_NN  smiled_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  but_CCB  put_VVD  away_RP  his_APP$  keys_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  through_RP  ,_,  miss_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  mail-coach_NN  and_CC  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  the_AT1  sorter_NN  inside_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  lock_VV0  this_DD1  door_NN  everytime_RR  I_PPIS1  pass_VV0  through_RP  myself_PPX1  .  
  come_VV0  along_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  seat_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  polite_JJ  but_CCB  firm_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  door_NN  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  to_IO  ,_,  the_AT1  compartment_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  men_NNS  inside_RP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  else_RR  for_IO  Joyce_NP  to_TO  do_VD0  but_CS  step_VV0  inside_RP  and_CC  sit_VV0  down_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  corner_NN  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  across_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  holding_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  paper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  leaning_VBG  back_RP  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  looked_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asleep_JJ  .  
  Joyce_NP  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  sleep_VV0  herself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  an_AT1  unusual_JJ  inner_JB  excitement_NN  possessed_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  pounded_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  seemed_VVD  louder_JJ  than_CS  usual_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  sleep_VV0  and_CC  watched_VVD  the_AT1  empty_JJ  corridor_NN  .  
  the_AT1  guard_NN  passed_VVD  by_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  mail-van_NN  again_RR  ,_,  jingling_VBG  his_APP$  keys_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  across_RP  from_IO  Joyce_NP  tossed_VVD  his_APP$  paper_NN  aside_NN  and_CC  rose_VVD  ,_,  stumbling_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  apologise_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  curious_JJ  intentness_NN  and_CC  followed_VVD  the_AT1  guard_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  corridor_NN  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  far_RR  ,_,  Joyce_NP  thought_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  guard_NN  will_VM  turn_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  mail-van_NN  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  away_RP  longer_RRR  than_CS  she_PPHO1  expected_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  breathing_VBG  quickly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  past_IO  Joyce_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  men_NNS  ,_,  although_CS  previously_RR  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  sign_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  knew_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
    right_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   get_VV0  going_VBG  .    
    sit_VV0  down_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  thickset_JJ  men_NNS  quietly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  another_DD1  three_MC  minutes_NNS  .    
  through_IO  her_APP$  lashes_NNS  Joyce_NP  watched_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  pointed_JJ  shoes_NNS  sit_VV0  down_RP  tensely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  seat_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  wrong_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  very_RG  still_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  head_NN  tilted_VBN  back_RP  as_CS  though_CS  sleeping_VBG  .  
  fear_NN  had_VHD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  its_APP$  grip_NN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
  those_DD2  men_NNS  had_VHD  resented_VBN  her_APP$  arriving_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  and_CC  upsetting_VBG  their_APP$  plans_NNS  .  
  three_MC  silent_JJ  men_NNS  ,_,  tense_JJ  and_CC  waiting_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  mail-van_NN  directly_RR  in_IO  front_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  happened_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  kindly_JJ  guard_NN  when_CS the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  pointed_JJ  shoes_NNS  had_VHD  followed_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  anxious_JJ  for_IO  action_NN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS had_VHD  the_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  held_VBN  him_PPHO1  back_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  curt_JJ  command_NN  .  
  Joyce_NP  felt_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  reason_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  nearer_RRR  to_IO  Wilford_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  slow_VV0  down_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  climb_NN  up_IO  Shirley_NP  Rise_NNL1  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  where_CS these_DD2  three_MC  men_NNS  intended_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  robbed_VBN  the_AT1  mail-van_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  tell_VV0  someone_PN1  ,_,  thought_VVD  Joyce_NP  desperately_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  calm_JJ  and_CC  keep_VV0  these_DD2  men_NNS  from_IO  guessing_VBG  that_CS  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  anything_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  compartment_NN  quietly_RR  and_CC  unhurriedly_RR  and_CC  go_VV0  for_IO  help_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  Barry_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  unsuspectingly_RR  beyond_IO  that_DD1  wall_NN  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  yards_NNS  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  nervous_JJ  and_CC  shaky_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  willed_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  natural_JJ  and_CC  composed_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  herself_PPX1  ,_,  opened_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  put_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  hand_NN  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  stifle_VV0  a_AT1  yawn_NN  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  took_VVD  her_APP$  bag_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rack_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  pointed_JJ  shoes_NNS  stood_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  beady_JJ  ,_,  close-set_JJ  eyes_NNS  fixed_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    not_XX  now_RL  ,_,  sister_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  softly_RR  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  Joyce_NP  felt_VVD  her_APP$  mouth_NN  go_VV0  dry_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  him_PPHO1  indignantly_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0    not_XX  now_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  his_APP$  closed_JJ  hand_NN  up_RP  before_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  clenching_VBG  something_PN1  within_IO  his_APP$  fist_NN  .  
  his_APP$  thumb_NN  moved_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  click_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  staring_VBG  glassily_RR  at_IO  a_AT1  knife-blade_NN  ,_,  only_RR  inches_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
  Joyce_NP  turned_VVD  and_CC  found_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  men_NNS  had_VHD  risen_VBN  and_CC  closed_VBN  in_RP  on_IO  her_PPHO1  from_IO  behind_RP  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  coming_VBG  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  girlie_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  you_PPY  along_RP  .    
  Joyce_NP  opened_VVD  her_APP$  mouth_NN  to_TO  scream_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gripping_VBG  her_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  digging_VBG  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  into_IO  her_APP$  flesh_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thrust_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  close_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  make_VV0  a_AT1  sound_NN  you_PPY  'll_VM  regret_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  menacingly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Joyce's_PPIO2  gaze_NN  shifted_VVD  fearfully_RR  ,_,  looking_VBG  anywhere_RR  except_CS  into_IO  that_DD1  cruel_JJ  ,_,  fleshy_JJ  face_NN  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  knife_NN  moved_VVD  it_PPH1  sideways_RR  significantly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  drawing_VBG  it_PPH1  across_IO  her_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wilted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  knife_NN  stepped_VVD  out_RP  first_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Joyce_NP  was_VBDZ  pushed_VBN  out_RP  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hustled_VBN  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mail-van_NN  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  urgency_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  men_NNS  .  
  Joyce_NP  was_VBDZ  pushed_VBN  roughly_RR  aside_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  knife_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  railway_NN  guard's_NN1$  keys_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  at_RR  first_RR  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  nothing_PN1  but_IO  fat_JJ  ,_,  disordered_JJ  mail-sacks_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  another_DD1  closed_JJ  door_NN  beyond_II  where_CS she_PPHO1  guessed_VVD  the_AT1  sorter_NN  was_VBDZ  at_IO  work_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  kicked_VVD  a_AT1  sack_NN  aside_RP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  and_CC  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  something_PN1  else_RR    a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  feet_NNS  jutting_VBG  out_RP  from_IO  behind_IO  the_AT1  bags_NNS    the_AT1  guard_NN  .  
    where_CS 's_VBZ  the_AT1  registered_JJ  stuff_NN  .    said_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  keys_NNS  jerked_VVD  his_APP$  thumb_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  closed_JJ  door_NN  .  
    in_IO  there_RL  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  sorter_NN  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  .  
  open_VV0  up_RP  .    
  one_MC1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  guarding_VBG  Joyce_NP  closely_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  trying_VBG  to_TO  tell_VV0  herself_PPX1  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  really_RR  happening_VBG  .  
  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  involved_VBN  in_IO  violence_NN  and_CC  robbery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  inner_JB  door_NN  was_VBDZ  unlocked_VBN  and_CC  flung_VBN  open_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  shirt-sleeves_NNS  ,_,  working_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  sorting_NN  rack_NN  ,_,  turned_VVD  to_TO  stare_VV0  .  
    look_VV0  out_RP  !_!    Joyce_NP  cried_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  hand_NN  clamped_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  jerked_VBN  backwards_RR  so_RG  painfully_RR  that_CS  her_APP$  spine_NN  was_VBDZ  jarred_VBN  .  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  decide_VV0  quickly_RR  which_WDTI  man_NN  to_TO  trust_VV0    and_CC  she_PPHO1  chose_VVD  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  one_MC1  !_!  
  the_AT1  night_NN  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  train_NN  home_NN1  .  
  Sheila_NP  Farrell_NP  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  train_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  happy_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy_NN  kept_VVD  eyeing_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  hectic_JJ  hours_NNS  at_IO  her_APP$  girl_NN  friend's_NN1$  twenty-first_MD  birthday_NN  party_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  as_RG  flat_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  deflated_JJ  balloon_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  would_VM  hurry_VV0  up_RP  .  
  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy_NN  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  clock_NN  .  
    train_NN  's_VBZ  late_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Sheila_NP  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  answer_VV0  automatically_RR  when_CS she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  away_RP  uneasily_RR  .  
  the_AT1  stranger_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  put_VBN  off_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  sliding_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    going_VBG  far_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  for_IO  Pulfern_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,  myself_PPX1  .    
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  plunged_VVD  on_RP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  seen_VBN  you_PPY  before_II  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  get_VV0  this_DD1  train_NN  often_RR  .    
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  corny_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  Sheila_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  heart_NN  thumping_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  quick_JJ  glance_NN  round_RP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  only_DA  two_MC  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  another_DD1  soul_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  a_AT1  porter_NN  .  
  would_VM  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy_NN  follow_VV0  her_PPHO1  when_CS she_PPHO1  got_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  Sheila_NP  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  cold_JJ  stare_NN  ,_,  rose_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  moved_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  deserted_JJ  platform_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  lonely_JJ  and_CC  afraid_JJ  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  how_CS she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  the_AT1  night_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  friend's_NN1$  !_!  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  her_APP$  dad's_NN1$  week_NN  for_IO  night_NN  shift_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  mum_NN  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  minded_VBN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Mum_NNSB1  could_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  being_VBG  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Sheila_NP  had_VHD  promised_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  catch_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  train_NN  .  
  the_AT1  approaching_JJ  train_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  jump_VV0  nervously_RR  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  relief_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  drew_VVD  noisily_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  .  
  Sheila_NP  entered_VVD  an_AT1  empty_JJ  carriage_NN  and_CC  moved_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  aisle_NN  towards_IO  its_APP$  far_JJ  end_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  settled_VVD  herself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  dark_JJ  corner_NN  ,_,  every_AT1  nerve_NN  strained_VBN  ,_,  listening_VBG  intently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  until_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  pulled_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  certain_JJ  that_CS  nobody_PN1  had_VHD  entered_VBN  the_AT1  carriage_NN  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  relaxed_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  yawned_VVD  ,_,  slipped_VVD  off_RP  her_APP$  shoes_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  stretching_VBG  out_RP  her_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  lay_VVD  full-length_JB  along_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  train_NN  had_VHD  pulled_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  station_NN  ,_,  Sheila_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  half_DB  doze_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shocked_VBN  awake_JJ  ,_,  nerves_NNS  leaping_VBG  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  carriage_NN  door_NN  being_VBG  opened_VBN  nearby_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  still_JJ  ,_,  waiting_VBG  ,_,  her_APP$  hands_NNS  gripping_VBG  her_APP$  handbag_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  emergency_NN  chain_NN  just_RR  above_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  hoped_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  use_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  several_DA  men's_NN2  voices_NNS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  relieved_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  relaxed_VVD  again_RR  .  
  a_AT1  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  rose_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  compartment_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  there_EX  ai_VBZ  n't_XX  nobody_PN1  in_IO  this_DD1  carriage_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  as_CS  it_PPH1  pulled_VVD  up_RP  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  people_NNS  travellin'_VBG  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  o'_IO  night_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  'ud_VM  be_VB0  safer_JJ  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Green_NNL1  tonight_NN1  or_CC  else_RR  .  .  
  them_PPHO1  rozzers_NNS  is_VBZ  gettin'_VBG  too_RG  hot_JJ  for_IO  comfort_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  lay_VV0  low_RR  ,_,  or_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  curtains_NNS  for_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  mate_NN  !_!    
  Sheila_NP  shivered_VVD  .  
  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  jumped_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  frying_NN  pan_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  a_AT1  different_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  younger_JJ  and_CC  nervous_JJ  ,_,  began_VVD  :_:  
    what_DDQ  if_CS  the_AT1  ticket_NN  bloke_NN  remembers_VBZ  us_PPIO2   .  
  'ow_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  'e_PPHO1  ai_VBZ  n't_XX  ringing_VBG  the_AT1  rozzers_NNS  right_RR  now_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  likely_RR  be_VB0  met_VBN  by_IO  .  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  stop_VV0  your_APP$  whinin'_NN  !_!    interrupted_VVD  the_AT1  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  met_VBN  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  Fred_NP  's_VBZ  meeting_VBG  us_PPIO2   with_IO  'is_APP$  car_NN  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  any_DD  trouble_NN  unless_CS  you_PPY  lose_VV0  yer_APP$  'ead_NN  .  .    
  the_AT1  voice_NN  dropped_VVD  menacingly_RR  .  
  Sheila's_PPIO2  hazel_JJ  eyes_NNS  widened_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  herself_PPX1  as_RG  small_JJ  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  listened_VVD  to_IO  every_AT1  movement_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  men_NNS  made_VVD  ,_,  all_DB  her_APP$  nerves_NNS  alert_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  sign_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  coming_VBG  her_APP$  way_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  pretend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  asleep_JJ  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  into_IO  another_DD1  station_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  thankfulness_NN  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  hers_PP$  .  
  she_PPHO1  listened_VVD  unwillingly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  continued_VVD  the_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
    see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  
  nobody_PN1  there_RL  ,_,  either_RR  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  's_VBZ  deserted_VBN  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  night_NN  .  
    Len_NP  and_CC  Busk_NP  got_VVD  away_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  making_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  get_VV0  picked_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  n't_XX  grass_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  better_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  .    
    what_DDQ  about_IO  Fred_NP  .  
  d'_VD0  ye_PPY  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  safe_JJ  .    
    Fred_NP  .    scoffed_VVD  the_AT1  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    as_RG  safe_JJ  as_IO  houses_NNS  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  it_PPH1  worth_IO  his_APP$  while_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  stop_VV0  there_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  then_RL  move_VV0  on_RP  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  .  
    those_DD2  blokes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bank_NN  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  hit_VVD  'em_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  recognise_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  ye_PPY  gonna_VBG  do_VD0  with_IO  your_APP$  lolly_NN  .    
    buy_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  .  
  get_VV0  some_DD  fun_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  runs_VBZ  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  blondes_NNS  best_RBT  .  
  saw_VVD  a_AT1  smasher_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  likes_NNS  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  plenty_NN  of_IO  lolly_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  on_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  blondes_NNS  !_!    
  a_AT1  coarse_JJ  laugh_NN  drowned_VVD  the_AT1  other's_$  reply_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sent_VVD  shivers_NNS  down_IO  Sheila's_PPIO2  back_NN  .  
  surely_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  nearly_RR  at_IO  her_APP$  station_NN  by_IO  now_RL  .  
  how_CS was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  men_NNS  would_VM  n't_XX  realise_VV0  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  heard_VBN  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  just_RR  how_CS dangerous_JJ  her_APP$  position_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  that_DD1  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  mercy_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  with_IO  mixed_JJ  feelings_NNS  of_IO  relief_NN  ,_,  Sheila_NP  saw_VVD  the_AT1  lights_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  station_NN  come_VV0  into_IO  view_NN  .  
  very_RG  gently_RR  she_PPHO1  slid_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  seat_NN  and_CC  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  eased_VVD  back_RP  the_AT1  catch_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  steady_JJ  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  pulled_VVD  up_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  close_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  opening_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  startled_JJ  face_NN  was_VBDZ  gazing_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  mounting_JJ  panic_NN  ,_,  Sheila_NP  turned_VVD  and_CC  fled_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  deserted_JJ  platform_NN  .  
  thudding_JJ  feet_NNS  started_VVD  after_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  raced_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  exit_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  mind_NN  searching_VBG  desperately_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  escape_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  somehow_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  porter_NN  .  
  instead_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  well-dressed_JJ  ,_,  dependable-looking_JJ  man_NN  stood_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  exit_NN  .  
  Sheila_NP  made_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  mind_NN  quickly_RR  .  
    please_UH  ,_,  please_UH  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  !_!    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  urgently_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  overheard_VBN  two_MC  crooks_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  must_VM  get_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  they_PPHS2  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  overheard_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  coming_VBG  after_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  the_AT1  stranger_NN  looked_VVD  at_IO  Sheila_NP  oddly_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  hesitated_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  making_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  then_RL  propelled_VVD  her_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  exit_NN  towards_IO  a_AT1  waiting_JJ  car_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  burst_VVD  out_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  street_NN  and_CC  pounded_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  stranger_NN  stood_VVD  quietly_RR  ,_,  waiting_VBG  for_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  dawned_VVD  on_IO  Sheila_NP  who_PNQS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  .  
    Fred_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  in_IO  horror_NN  .  
  as_CS  Sheila_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  dodge_VV0  past_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  heel_NN  caught_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  stumbled_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  managed_VVD  one_MC1  cry_NN  for_IO  help_NN  before_CS  a_AT1  hand_NN  closed_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  a_AT1  voice_NN  snarled_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  ear_NN  ,_,  
    keep_VV0  still_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  else_RR  .  .    
  Sheila_NP  was_VBDZ  bundled_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  there_RL  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  ,_,  squashed_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  ,_,  heart_NN  pounding_VBG  wildly_RR  with_IO  fear_NN  .  
  the_AT1  younger_JJ  man_NN  looked_VVD  her_PPHO1  over_RP  admiringly_RR  .  
  Sheila_NP  shivered_VVD  .  
    \0OK_UH  ,_,  Fred_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  burly_JJ  man_NN  .  
    take_VV0  it_PPH1  away_RP  .    
  Sheila_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  silent_JJ  man's_NN1$  back_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  picked_VBN  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  man_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS could_VM  you_PPY  tell_VV0  which_WDTI  man_NN  to_TO  trust_VV0  and_CC  which_WDTI  to_TO  avoid_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  nice_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  clothes_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  hopelessly_RR  wrong_JJ  .  
  first_RR  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy_NN  .  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy_NN  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  nice_JJ  voice_NN  behind_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  talk-gimmick_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  chance_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  sight_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  clothes_NNS  .  
  suddenly_RR  ,_,  there_EX  came_VVD  a_AT1  gleam_NN  of_IO  hope_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  said_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_IO  Pulfern_NP  Green_NNL1  ,_,  her_APP$  station_NN  .  
  had_VHD  he_PPHO1  got_VBN  off_RP  here_RL  .  
  could_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  anything_PN1  .  
  would_VM  he_PPHO1  act_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  .  
  Sheila_NP  looked_VVD  back_RP  as_CS  the_AT1  car_NN  turned_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  saw_VVD  no_PN1  one_PN  .  
  nobody_PN1  spoke_VVD  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  Sheila_NP  could_VM  stand_VV0  it_PPH1  no_RR  longer_RRR  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  taking_VBG  me_PPIO1  .    she_PPHO1  burst_VVD  out_RP  .  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  please_UH  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  go_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  my_APP$  mother_NN  's_VBZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  alone_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  upset_JJ  .  
  please_UH  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  go_VV0  !_!    
    well_UH  now_RL  ,_,  ai_VBZ  n't_XX  that_DD1  a_AT1  pity_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mummy_NN  's_VBZ  waiting_VBG  up_RP  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  grinned_VVD  nastily_RR  ,_,  then_RL  his_APP$  voice_NN  altered_VVD  cruelly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  got_VVD  yourself_PPX1  into_IO  this_DD1    nobody_PN1  asked_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  talk_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  heard_VBN  enough_DD  to_TO  get_VV0  us_PPIO2   put_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  so_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  put_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  safe_JJ  place_NN  .  
  see_VV0  .    
  with_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  word_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_APP$  wrist_NN  and_CC  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  a_AT1  quick_JJ  twist_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  her_PPHO1  gasp_VV0  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  little_JJ  taste_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  try_VV0  anything_PN1  on_RP  ,_,  see_VV0  .    
  Sheila_NP  nodded_VVD  ,_,  eyes_NNS  blinking_VBG  back_RP  the_AT1  threatening_JJ  tears_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  nursed_VVD  her_APP$  sore_JJ  wrist_NN  .  
  the_AT1  car_NN  drew_VVD  up_RP  beside_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  ,_,  detached_JJ  house_NN  .  
  Sheila_NP  was_VBDZ  bundled_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  propelled_VBN  along_IO  a_AT1  passage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  pushed_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  room_NN  .  
    yer_APP$  stay_VV0  there_RL  till_CS  we_PPIS2  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  you_PPY  !_!    gruff_JJ  voice_NN  growled_VVD  .  
    and_CC  make_VV0  no_AT1  mistakes_NNS    if_CS  I_PPIS1  hears_VBZ  a_AT1  peep_NN  out_RP  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  for_IO  it_PPH1  !_!    
  then_RL  the_AT1  key_NN  was_VBDZ  turned_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  Sheila_NP  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  way_NN  to_IO  tears_NNS  of_IO  hopelessness_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  tears_NNS  relieved_VVD  her_APP$  immediate_JJ  tension_NN  ,_,  Sheila_NP  realised_VVD  everything_PN1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  quiet_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  having_VHG  a_AT1  meal_NN    they_PPHS2  certainly_RR  were_VBDR  n't_XX  bothering_VBG  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  tapping_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  over_RP  .  
    who_PNQS  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  nervously_RR  .  
    who_PNQS    who_PNQS  's_VBZ  there_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  just_RR  make_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  whispered_JJ  reply_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  filled_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  unbelievable_JJ  hope_NN  .  
  the_AT1  voice_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  kidnapped_VBN  .    
  at_IO  her_APP$  answer_NN  the_AT1  unknown_JJ  voice_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  chap_NN  who_PNQS spoke_VVD  to_IO  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  main-line_JB  station_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  remember_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  you_PPY  being_VBG  pushed_VBN  into_IO  that_DD1  car_NN  .  
  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  as_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  went_VVD  willingly_RR  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  on_IO  my_APP$  motor_NN  bike_NN  .  
  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  find_VV0  out_RP  for_RR  sure_RR  whether_CS  you_PPY  needed_VVD  help_NN  ,_,  before_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  came_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  wondering_VBG  which_WDTI  room_NN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  in_IO  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  you_PPY  cry_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  cops_NNS  now_RL  ,_,    the_AT1  voice_NN  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  there_RL  much_RR  longer_RRR  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  help_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  keep_VV0  your_APP$  chin_NN  up_RP  !_!  
  be_VB0  seeing_VBG  you_PPY  .    
  Sheila_NP  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  shaking_VBG  ,_,  without_IO  really_RR  knowing_VBG  why_CS .  
  rather_RR  than_CS  lose_VV0  all_DB  control_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  proving_VBG  such_DA  a_AT1  friend_NN  in_IO  need_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  nice_JJ  person_NN  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  after_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  treated_VBN  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  !_!  
  then_RL  at_RR  last_RR  Sheila_NP  heard_VVD  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  outside_RP  .  
  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  shrilling_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  doorbell_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  jump_VV0  .  
  presently_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  footsteps_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  clattered_VVD  downstairs_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  held_VVD  a_AT1  whispered_JJ  conversation_NN  outside_IO  her_APP$  door_NN  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  key_NN  turned_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  gruff_JJ  voice_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  accomplice_NN  entered_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  younger_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  plainly_RR  scared_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  older_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  cursing_VBG  under_IO  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  Sheila_NP  backed_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  managed_VVD  one_MC1  scream_NN  before_CS  a_AT1  scarf_NN  was_VBDZ  thrust_VBN  round_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  heard_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  being_VBG  opened_VBN  and_CC  Fred's_PPIO2  voice_NN  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    yes_UH  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  me_PPIO1  out_RP  of_IO  bed_NN  !_!    
  Sheila's_PPIO2  pulses_NNS  leaped_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  Teddy_NP  boy's_NN1$  voice_NN  .  
    excuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  does_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  live_VV0  here_RL  .    
  what_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  playing_VBG  at_IO  .  
  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  could_VM  rescue_VV0  her_PPHO1  alone_JJ  .  
  Fred's_PPIO2  innocently_RR  outraged_JJ  voice_NN  began_VVD  ,_,  
    no_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  !_!  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  big_JJ  idea_NN  .  .    
  then_RL  came_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  crash_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  was_VBDZ  thrust_VBN  violently_RR  open_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  several_DA  deeper_JJ  voices_NNS  sounded_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  gripping_JJ  hands_NNS  around_IO  Sheila_NP  tightened_VVD  until_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  barely_RR  breathe_VV0  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  door_NN  gave_VVD  way_NN  before_IO  a_AT1  brawny_JJ  shoulder_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thrown_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  struggling_JJ  mass_NN  of_IO  bodies_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  fist_NN  aimed_VBN  at_IO  somebody_PN1  else_RR  caught_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  glancing_JJ  blow_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  fell_VVD  backwards_RR  .  
  another_DD1  pair_NN  of_IO  hands_NNS  caught_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  began_VVD  pulling_VBG  her_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  fighting_JJ  men_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  struggled_VVD  weakly_RR  until_CS  a_AT1  remembered_JJ  voice_NN  spoke_VVD  urgently_RR  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  struggle_VV0  !_!  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  brought_VBN  the_AT1  police_NNS  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  over_RP  .    a_AT1  present_NN  for_IO  General_NNSB1  Calinga_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  betrayed_VBN    by_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  loyalty_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  taken_VBN  for_CS  granted_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  continued_VVD  holding_VBG  the_AT1  telephone_NN  to_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  long_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  beyond_IO  all_DB  doubt_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  line_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  cut_VBN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  despairing_JJ  little_JJ  sigh_NN  ,_,  returned_VVD  the_AT1  now_RL  useless_JJ  instrument_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  cradle_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  staring_VBG  with_IO  unseeing_JJ  eyes_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  opposite_II  .  
  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  outburst_NN  of_IO  machine-gun_NN  fire_NN  from_IO  outside_IO  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1  caused_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  shiver_VV0  and_CC  rise_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  quickly_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  handle_NN  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  and_CC  his_APP$  aide_NN  ,_,  Major_NNSB1  Pillar_NP  Juarez_NP  ,_,  entered_VVD  .  
  Juarez_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  slim_JJ  athletic_JJ  type_NN  .  
  unlike_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  force_NN  pilots_NNS  his_APP$  uniform_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  immaculate_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  fact_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  commended_VBN  itself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  considered_VBN  making_VBG  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  personal_JJ  aide_NN  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  the_AT1  major's_NN1$  uniform_NN  had_VHD  lost_VBN  its_APP$  immaculate_JJ  look_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dusty_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  right_JJ  trouser_NN  leg_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  large_JJ  tear_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    excellency_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  before_CS  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  could_VM  speak_VV0  ,_,    you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  leave_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  rebels_NNS  are_VBR  closing_VBG  in_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  troops_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  here_RL  can_VM  not_XX  hold_VV0  out_RP  much_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  Santos_NP  has_VHZ  made_VBN  the_AT1  Palace_NNL1    and_CC  you_PPY    his_APP$  main_JB  objective_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  concentrating_VBG  his_APP$  forces_NNS  here_RL  because_CS  once_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  his_APP$  power_NN  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  over_RP  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  swallowed_VVD  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  telephone_NN  line_NN  is_VBZ  cut_VBN  .  
  our_APP$  position_NN  is_VBZ  hopeless_JJ  .    
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS you_PPY  must_VM  leave_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  excellency_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  standing_VBG  by_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  down_RP  to_IO  La_NP  Plomas_NP  .  
  General_NNSB1  Calinga_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  city_NN  completely_RR  under_IO  control_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  fight_VV0  back_RP  from_IO  there_RL  ,_,  excellency_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  with_IO  General_NNSB1  Calinga_NP  behind_IO  you_PPY      
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  words_NNS  broke_VVD  in_RP  almost_RR  nervously_RR  .  
    about_IO  Calinga_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  sure_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    but_CCB  Calinga_NP  is_VBZ  loyal_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  excellency_NN  .    
    maybe_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  maybe_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  half_RR  closed_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  my_APP$  fill_NN  of_IO  bitter_JJ  disappointments_NNS  since_IO  this_DD1  uprising_NN  ,_,  Juarez_NP  .  
  so_RG  many_DA  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  trusted_VBN  have_VH0  turned_VBN  against_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  lit_VVD  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  jerky_JJ  movement_NN  .  
    you_PPY  ,_,  Juarez_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,    are_VBR  about_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  whose_PNQV$  loyalty_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  take_VV0  for_CS  granted_VBN  .    
    you_PPY  trust_VV0  me_PPIO1  implicitly_RR  ,_,  excellency_NN  .    
  the_AT1  words_NNS  came_VVD  quickly_RR  ,_,  almost_RR  sharply_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  Juarez_NP  .    
    but_CCB  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  absolutely_RR  certain_JJ  of_IO  Calinga's_PPIO2  loyalty_NN  .    
    not_XX  quite_RR  .  
  his_APP$  loyalty_NN  will_VM  depend_VV0  on_IO  which_WDTI  way_NN  the_AT1  wind_NN  is_VBZ  blowing_VBG  .  
  and_CC  at_IO  present_NN      
    so_RR  ,_,  should_VM  Calinga_NP  have_VH0  decided_VBN  to_TO  throw_VV0  in_RP  his_APP$  lot_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  rebels_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  La_NP  Plomas_NP  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  in_IO  effect_NN  be_VB0  handing_VBG  you_PPY  over_RP  to_IO  Santos_NP  .    
  the_AT1  major's_NN1$  words_NNS  were_VBDR  more_RRR  a_AT1  statement_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  question_NN  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  drew_VVD  heavily_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  cigarette_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  slowly_RR  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    so_RR  therefore_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  come_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    no_UH  .    
  Major_NNSB1  Pillar_NP  Juarez_NP  slowly_RR  undid_VVD  the_AT1  flap_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  holster_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  withdrew_VVD  his_APP$  revolver_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  it_PPH1  straight_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  .  
    the_AT1  helicopter_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  ready_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  and_CC  evenly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  fly_VV0  to_IO  La_NP  Plomas_NP  in_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  stared_VVD  .  
    Juarez_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  huskily_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  seem_VV0  particularly_RR  anxious_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_IO  Calinga_NP  .  
  suspiciously_RR  anxious_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  say_VV0  .    
  Juarez_NP  tightened_VVD  his_APP$  grip_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  .  
    you_PPY  said_VVD  you_PPY  trusted_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  nodded_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  .  
    now_RL  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  so_RG  sure_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1      
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    cut_VVD  in_RP  Juarez_NP  sharply_RR  ,_,    my_APP$  crew-men_NNS  are_VBR  already_RR  aboard_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  movement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  revolver_NN  .  
    come_VV0  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  now_RL  .    
  as_CS  Juarez_NP  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  suddenly_RR  started_VVD  biting_VBG  at_IO  his_APP$  lower_JJ  lip_NN  .  
    the_AT1  helicopter_NN  ,_,    continued_VVD  Juarez_NP  ,_,    is_VBZ  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  interior_JJ  gardens_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  walked_VVD  slowly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  blinking_VBG  spasmodically_RR  .  
    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  tie_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  looked_VVD  tired_JJ  and_CC  old_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  indicated_VVD  his_APP$  bound_JJ  wrists_NNS  .  
  Juarez_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  radio-operator_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  dropping_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  feet_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    try_VV0  to_TO  contact_VV0  Santos_NP  now_RL  .    
  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  eyes_NNS  filled_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  ocean_NN  of_IO  contempt_NN  .  
    and_CC  to_TO  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  once_RR  gave_VVD  you_PPY  my_APP$  trust_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  choked_VVD  .  
    much_RR  rather_RR  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  stayed_VVD  at_IO  my_APP$  Palace_NNL1  and_CC      
  he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  and_CC  buried_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  bound_JJ  hands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  sobbing_VBG  silently_RR  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  Juarez_NP  contemplated_VVD  the_AT1  broken_JJ  man_NN  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  his_APP$  mouth_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  but_CCB  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  his_APP$  radio-operator_NN  announced_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  contacted_VBN  Santos_NP  .  
  Juarez_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  microphone_NN  and_CC  started_VVD  talking_VBG  slowly_RR  ,_,  deliberately_RR  .  
  after_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  finished_VBN  doing_VBG  so_PN1  he_PPHO1  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  to_IO  five_MC  hundred_MC  feet_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  banked_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  three_MC  men_NNS  leave_VV0  a_AT1  hut_NN  and_CC  walk_VV0  out_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  it_PPH1  he_PPHO1  dropped_VVD  even_RR  lower_RRR  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  Santos_NP  ,_,    pointed_VVD  the_AT1  radio-operator_NN  .  
    the_AT1  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    
  Juarez_NP  made_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  landed_VVD  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  about_RR  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  men_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  the_AT1  rotor_NN  blades_NNS  turning_VBG  .  
    right_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  sharply_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  ,_,    out_RP  you_PPY  get_VV0  .  
  Santos_NP  is_VBZ  expecting_VBG  you_PPY  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  removed_VVD  his_APP$  gun_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  holster_NN  .  
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  lifted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  revolver_NN  and_CC  also_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  carbines_NNS  the_AT1  radio-operator_NN  and_CC  Juarez's_PPIO2  other_DA  crew-men_NNS  were_VBDR  holding_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  started_VVD  blinking_VBG  again_RR  .  
  then_RL  slowly_RR  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  seat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  Juarez_NP  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  from_IO  whose_PNQV$  body_NN  the_AT1  last_DA  spark_NN  of_IO  life_NN  had_VHD  all_RR  but_RR  departed_VBN  .  
  Santos_NP  could_VM  not_XX  contain_VV0  himself_PPX1  any_RR  longer_RRR  :_:  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  his_APP$  dejected_JJ  enemy_NN  before_IO  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  running_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shouting_VBG  almost_RR  incoherently_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  that_CS  the_AT1  carbines_NNS  opened_VVD  up_RP  catching_VBG  Santos's_PPIO2  two_MC  henchmen_NNS  completely_RR  unawares_RR  ;_;  they_PPHS2  died_VVD  instantly_RR  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  moment_NN  Juarez_NP  moved_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  rebel_NN  leader_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  gun_NN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  other's_$  stomach_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  trigger_NN  five_MC  times_NNS  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  two_MC  crew-men_NNS  had_VHD  dropped_VBN  their_APP$  carbines_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  leaped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  and_CC  unceremoniously_RR  tossed_VVD  the_AT1  dazed_JJ  and_CC  bewildered_JJ  President_NNSB1  back_RP  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  while_CS  Juarez_NP  climbed_VVD  frantically_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  pilot's_NN1$  seat_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  also_RR  tossed_VVD  aboard_RP  the_AT1  dead_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rebel_NN  leader_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  rise_VV0  they_PPHS2  regained_VVD  their_APP$  carbines_NNS  and_CC  poured_VVD  a_AT1  stream_NN  of_IO  bullets_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  shouting_JJ  groups_NNS  of_IO  men_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  now_RL  running_VBG  out_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  field_NN  .  
  at_IO  two_MC  thousand_MC  feet_NNS  Juarez_NP  set_VVD  course_NN  for_IO  La_NP  Plomas_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  tightly_RR  as_CS  his_APP$  radio-operator_NN  leaned_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  cut_VVD  the_AT1  bonds_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  wrists_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  excellency_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  shot_NN  but_CCB      
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  indeed_RR  a_AT1  long_JJ  shot_NN  ,_,    interjected_VVD  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  in_IO  a_AT1  strangled_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    a_AT1  very_RG  long_JJ  shot_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  swallowed_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  bewildered_JJ  .  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  necessary_JJ  to_TO  force_VV0  me_PPIO1  into_IO  this_DD1  helicopter_NN  at_IO  gunpoint_NN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS the_AT1  bonds_NNS  .  
  why_CS     
    excellency_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Major_NNSB1  Pillar_NP  Juarez_NP  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  force_VV0  you_PPY  into_IO  the_AT1  helicopter_NN  because_CS  otherwise_RR  you_PPY  would_VM  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  at_IO  your_APP$  Palace_NNL1  .  
  and_CC  died_VBN  .  
  also_RR  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  respect_NN  ,_,  excellency_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  very_RG  poor_JJ  actor_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  hide_VV0  or_CC  disguise_VV0  your_APP$  emotions_NNS  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  actually_RR  believe_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  handing_VBG  you_PPY  over_RP  to_IO  Santos_NP  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  excellency_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  played_VBN  the_AT1  part_NN  you_PPY  did_VDD  ;_;  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  concerned_VBN  ,_,  only_RR  too_RG  horribly_RR  true_JJ  .  
  otherwise_RR  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  succeeded_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  did_VDD  believe_VV0  it_PPH1      
    yes_UH  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  believed_VVD  that_CS  you_PPY  too_RR  had_VHD  turned_VBN  against_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Juarez_NP  .    
  the_AT1  words_NNS  were_VBDR  uttered_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  apology_NN  as_RG  humble_JJ  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sincere_JJ  .  
  Juarez_NP  smiled_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  had_VHD  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_DD1  too_RR  ,_,  excellency_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  altered_VVD  course_NN  ten_MC  degrees_NNS  to_IO  starboard_NN  .  
    La_NP  Plomas_NP  ahead_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  .  
    now_RL  when_CS we_PPIS2  land_VV0  and_CC  you_PPY  show_VV0  General_NNSB1  Calinga_NP  the_AT1  dead_JJ  body_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rebel_NN  Santos_NP  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  doubt_NN  where_CS his_APP$  loyalty_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  is_VBZ  there_EX  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  nodded_VVD  and_CC  fell_VVD  silent_JJ  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    Juarez_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  never_RR  reward_VV0  you_PPY  enough_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1      
    excellency_NN  ,_,    smiled_VVD  Major_NNSB1  Pillar_NP  Juarez_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  wish_NN  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  grant_VV0  .    
    name_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  major's_NN1$  smile_NN  widened_VVD  .  
    a_AT1  new_JJ  uniform_NN  ,_,  excellency_NN  .  
  hand-tailored_JJ  in_IO  English_JJ  cloth_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  tear_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  trouser_NN  leg_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  almost_RR  entitled_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  excellency_NN  .    
  the_AT1  President_NNSB1  laughed_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  so_PN1  in_IO  over_RR  three_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
  a_AT1  slightly_RR  hysterical_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
  the_AT1  friend_NN  .  
  Santago_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  trusted_VBN  .  he_PPHO1  could_VM  use_VV0  a_AT1  sub-machine_JB  gun_NN  .  
  Captain_NNSB1  Ramon_NP  Cordora's_PPIO2  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  loud_JJ  .  
    Corporal_NNSB1  Santago_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  shouted_VVD  .  
    where_CS 's_VBZ  Corporal_NNSB1  Santago_NP  .    
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  privates_NNS  looked_VVD  up_RP  briefly_RR  from_IO  his_APP$  cards_NNS  .  
    back_RP  there_RL  somewhere_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  grunted_VVD  .  
  Cordora_NP  opened_VVD  his_APP$  mouth_NN  again_RR  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  remonstrate_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  private_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  appalling_JJ  lack_NN  of_IO  discipline_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  thinking_VBG  better_RRR  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  off_RP  in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  Santago_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  behind_IO  the_AT1  hut_NN  cleaning_VBG  his_APP$  rifle_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Corporal_NNSB1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  someone_PN1  in_IO  your_APP$  platoon_NN  cleans_VBZ  his_APP$  weapons_NNS  regularly_RR  !_!    
  Santago_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  until_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  removed_VBN  the_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  four-by-two_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  pull-through_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  used_VVD  to_TO  clean_VV0  my_APP$  rifle_NN  regularly_RR  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  surly_JJ  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  made_VVD  an_AT1  inspection_NN  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  still_RR  do_VD0  .    
  Cordora_NP  continued_VVD  smiling_VBG  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  take_VV0  a_AT1  little_JJ  joke_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  friend_NN  .    
  Santago_NP  slowly_RR  raised_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  call_VV0  me_PPIO1  your_APP$  friend_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  only_DA  friend_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  is_VBZ  yourself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  other's_$  smile_NN  remained_VVD  fixed_VBN  .  
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  friends_NNS  once_RR  upon_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  long_RR  ,_,  long_RR  ago_RR  .    
    not_XX  so_RG  long_RR  ago_RR  .    
  the_AT1  Captain_NNSB1  paused_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  six_MC  months_NNS  since_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  serving_VBG  together_RR  under_IO  La_NP  Cruz_NP  .    
  Santago_NP  now_RL  began_VVD  to_TO  examine_VV0  the_AT1  bolt_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  rifle_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  served_VVD  together_RR  under_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_IO  privates_NNS  .  
  then_RL  along_RP  came_VVD  Kassan_NP  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  power_NN  what_DDQ  happened_VVD  .  
  you_PPY  became_VVD  sergeant_NN  the_AT1  very_RG  next_DA  day_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    broke_VVD  in_IO  Cordora_NP  ,_,    but_CCB  shortly_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  you_PPY  promoted_VBN  to_IO  corporal_NN  .    
  Santago_NP  lifted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    true_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  also_RR  got_VVD  yourself_PPX1  promoted_VBN  to_IO  lieutenant_NN  .  
  then_RL  a_AT1  month_NN  later_RRR  you_PPY  became_VVD  a_AT1  captain_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  down_RP  once_RR  again_RR  and_CC  started_VVD  cleaning_VBG  his_APP$  rifle_NN  bolt_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  good_JJ  friend_NN  to_IO  yourself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  not_XX  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  any_DD  friend_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  a_AT1  bit_NN  higher_RRR  than_IO  this_DD1  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  flicked_VVD  contemptuously_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  rank_NN  badges_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  sleeve_NN  ,_,  then_RL  back_RP  again_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  rifle_NN  bolt_NN  .  
  Cordora_NP  switched_VVD  his_APP$  smile_NN  off_RP  and_CC  managed_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  sympathetic_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  how_CS you_PPY  must_VM  feel_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  easy_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  think_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  my_APP$  best_JJT  for_IO  you_PPY  but_CCB  President_NNSB1  Kassan_NP  has_VHZ  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  that_DD1  day_NN  over_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  let_VVD  him_PPHO1  have_VH0  the_AT1  butt_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  rifle_NN  right_RR  across_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    muttered_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ordered_VBN  to_TO  disperse_VV0  the_AT1  crowd_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  doing_VBG  my_APP$  duty_NN  .  
  how_CS was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  President_NNSB1  .    
  Captain_NNSB1  Cordora_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  clicking_JJ  sound_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  never_RR  forgotten_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  every_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  brought_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  subject_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  commission_NN  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  said_VBN  no_UH  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  persuading_NN  to_TO  even_RR  get_VV0  you_PPY  your_APP$  corporal's_NN1$  stripes_NNS  ,_,  Santago_NP  ,_,  if_CS  the_AT1  truth_NN  be_VB0  told_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  and_CC  lowered_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    but_CCB  now_RL  something_PN1  's_VHZ  come_VBN  up_RP  which_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  your_APP$  bit_NN  ,_,  will_VM  maybe_RR  enable_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  find_VV0  favour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  President's_NNSB2  eyes_NNS  .  
    for_IO  a_AT1  start_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  authority_NN  to_TO  promote_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  sergeant_NN  if_CS  all_DB  goes_VBZ  well_RR  .    
  Santago_NP  stopped_VVD  cleaning_VBG  the_AT1  rifle_NN  bolt_NN  .  
    to_IO  sergeant_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  forgive_VV0  you_PPY  enough_RR  to_TO  agree_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  promotion_NN  to_IO  sergeant_NN  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  who_PNQS  knows_VBZ  .  
  maybe_RR  sometime_RR  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  will_VM  forgive_VV0  you_PPY  completely_RR  and_CC  grant_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  commission_NN  .    
  Cordora_NP  paused_VVD  again_RR  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  all_DB  that_DD1  is_VBZ  conjecture_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  carry_VV0  out_RP  this_DD1  special_JJ  little_JJ  job_NN  first_RR  and_CC  qualify_VV0  yourself_PPX1  for_IO  promotion_NN  to_IO  sergeant_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  officer_NN  question_NN  could_VM  even_RR  be_VB0  considered_VBN  .    destination_NN  danger_NN  .  
  by_IO  Ernest_NP  Haycox_NP  .  
  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  Edwin_NP  Phillips_NP  .  
  Bill_NP  wanted_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  his_PP$  alone_RR    despite_IO  her_APP$  past_NN  .  
  but_CCB  first_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  settle_VV0  a_AT1  grudge_NN  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  years_NNS  when_CS Apache_NP  smoke_NN  signals_NNS  spiralled_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  tops_NNS  ,_,  when_CS many_DA  a_AT1  ranch-house_NN  lay_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  square_NN  of_IO  blackened_JJ  ashes_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  departure_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  stage_NN  from_IO  Tonto_NP  started_VVD  an_AT1  adventure_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  no_AT1  certain_JJ  ending_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  with_IO  its_APP$  six_MC  horses_NNS  ,_,  waited_VVD  in_IO  Tonto's_PPIO2  town_NN  square_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  was_VBDZ  Happy_NP  Stewart_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  reins_NNS  between_IO  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  .  
  John_NP  Strang_NP  rode_VVD  shotgun_NN  guard_NN  .  
  and_CC  an_AT1  escort_NN  of_IO  10_MC  cavalrymen_NNS  waited_VVD  behind_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  half_RR  asleep_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  saddles_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  dawn_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  high_JJ  air_NN  was_VBDZ  cold_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  crowd_NN  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  ,_,  presenting_VBG  their_APP$  final_JJ  messages_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  girl_NN  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  an_AT1  infantry_NN  officer_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  thin_JJ  Englishman_NN1  carrying_VBG  a_AT1  sporting_NN  rifle_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  gambler_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cattleman_NN    and_CC  a_AT1  slim_JJ  blond_JJ  man_NN  .  
  Happy_NP  Stuart_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  shotgun_NN  guard_NN  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  with_IO  narrow-eyed_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  this_DD1  seemed_VVD  all_DB  until_CS  a_AT1  girl_NN  known_VBN  commonly_RR  throughout_IO  Arizona_NP  territory_NN  as_CS  Henriette_NP  walked_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  paleness_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  blond_JJ  man_NN  stepped_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  door_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  lifted_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  unexpected_JJ  courtesy_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  showed_VVD  faint_JJ  surprise_NN  .  
  men_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  were_VBDR  smiling_VBG    derisively_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  blond_JJ  man_NN  turned_VVD    the_AT1  movement_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  swift_JJ  cut_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  knife_NN    and_CC  his_APP$  sharp-bright_JJ  attention_NN  covered_VVD  them_PPHO1  until_CS  the_AT1  smiling_NN  quit_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lean_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stamped_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  gun-fighter_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  Colts_NP2  slung_VBN  on_IO  his_APP$  hip_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  guns_NNS  alone_RR  .  
  something_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  watchful_JJ  and_CC  smooth_JJ  ,_,  showed_VVD  his_APP$  trade_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  Happy_NP  Stuart_NP  kicked_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  brakes_NNS  and_CC  yelled_VVD  :_:  
    hi_UH  !_!    
  the_AT1  stage_NN  rolled_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cloud_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cavalrymen_NNS  trotting_VBG  briskly_RR  behind_RP  .  
  beyond_IO  them_PPHO1  stretched_VVD  the_AT1  journey_NN  no_AT1  coach_NN  had_VHD  attempted_VBN  for_IO  45_MC  days_NNS  .  
  out_RP  below_II  in_IO  the_AT1  desert's_NN1$  distance_NN  stood_VVD  the_AT1  relay_NN  stations_NNS  they_PPHS2  hoped_VVD  to_TO  reach_VV0  and_CC  pass_VV0  .  
  between_II  lay_VVD  a_AT1  country_NN  swept_VBN  empty_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  quick_JJ  raids_NNS  of_IO  Geronimo's_PPIO2  savages_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  gambler_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  blond_JJ  man_NN  sat_VVD  jammed_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  forward_JJ  seat_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cattleman_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  two_MC  women_NNS  shared_VVD  the_AT1  rear_JB  seat_NN  .  
  now_RL  the_AT1  cattleman_NN  leaned_VVD  towards_IO  Henriette_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  knees_NNS  almost_RR  touching_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  huge_JJ  gold_NN  nugget_NN  slid_VVD  gently_RR  back_RP  and_CC  forth_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  gold_NN  watch_NN  chain_NN  slung_VBN  across_IO  his_APP$  wide_JJ  chest_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  looked_VVD  into_IO  hers_PP$  ,_,  reading_VBG  something_PN1  that_PNQS caused_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  smile_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  strangers_NNS  packed_VBN  closely_RR  together_RR  with_IO  nothing_PN1  in_IO  common_NN  save_IO  a_AT1  destination_NN  .  
  yet_RR  the_AT1  cattleman's_NN1$  smile_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boldness_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  glance_NN  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  as_RG  audible_JJ  as_IO  speech_NN  ,_,  noted_VBN  by_IO  everyone_PN1  except_IO  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  ,_,  who_PNQS sat_VVD  bolt_NN  upright_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  ,_,  covered_VBN  by_IO  stony_JJ  indifference_NN  .  
  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  ,_,  tall_JJ  and_CC  demurely_RR  pretty_JJ  ,_,  threw_VVD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  side-glance_NN  at_IO  Henriette_NP  ,_,  then_RL  looked_VVD  away_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  .  
  three_MC  hours_NNS  from_IO  Tonto_NP  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  a_AT1  last_DA  round_JJ  sweep_NN  ,_,  let_VVD  them_PPHO1  down_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  flat_JJ  desert_NN  .  
  from_IO  now_RL  on_RP  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  the_AT1  cavalrymen_NNS  wheeled_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  town_NN  ,_,  their_APP$  sergeant_NN  yelling_VBG  ,_,  doubtfully_RR  :_:  
    good_JJ  luck_NN  .    
  the_AT1  miles_NNS  fell_VVD  behind_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  alkali_NN  dust_NN  got_VVD  thicker_JJ  .  
  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  box_NN  ,_,  Johnny_NP  Strang_NP  shifted_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  lap_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP    the_AT1  blond_JJ  one_MC1    riding_VBG  with_IO  us_PPIO2   for_IO  .    
    I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,    Happy_NP  Stuart_NP  replied_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  studied_VVD  the_AT1  hazy_JJ  horizon_NN  .  
  all_DB  day_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  tormented_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  cruel_JJ  ,_,  relentless_JJ  sun_NN  .  
  now_RL  as_CS  the_AT1  coach_NN  trundled_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  outside_IO  Gap_NP  Station_NNL1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  red-eyed_JJ  and_CC  aching_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  stinging_JJ  dust_NN  .  
  a_AT1  short_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  stomach_NN  shuffled_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  dusk_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    was_VBDZ  n't_XX  sure_JJ  you_PPY  'd_VM  get_VV0  through_RP  ,_,  Happy_NP  .    
    where_CS 's_VBZ  the_AT1  soldiers_NNS  for_IO  tomorrow_NN1  .    
    other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  .  
  everybody_PN1  's_VBZ  chased_VBN  out_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  ai_VBZ  n't_XX  forted_VBN  up_RP  here_RL  was_VBDZ  sent_VBN  into_IO  Lordsburg_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  first_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  ,_,  then_RL  appraised_VVD  Henriette_NP  instantly_RR  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  slid_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
  recognition_NN  stirred_VVD  him_PPHO1  then_RL  and_CC  made_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  careful_JJ  .  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Bill_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  brings_VBZ  you_PPY  this_DD1  way_NN  .    
  Malpais_NP  Bill's_PPIO2  cigarette_NN  glowed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  gathering_JJ  dusk_NN  and_CC  Henriette_NP  caught_VVD  the_AT1  brief_JJ  image_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  serene_JJ  and_CC  watchful_JJ  .  
  Malpais_NP  Bill's_PPIO2  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  soft_JJ  .  
    just_RR  the_AT1  trip_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  moving_VBG  on_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  frame_NN  house_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  station's_NN1$  big_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  soldier_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  dishevelled_JJ  uniform_NN  stepped_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    Miss_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  .  
  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Hauser_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  have_VH0  met_VBN  you_PPY  here_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  Lordsburg_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wounded_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  brush_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  Apaches_NP2  last_DA  night_NN  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  stood_VVD  very_RG  still_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    badly_RR  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  soldier_NN  .  
  Henriette's_PPIO2  dove-coloured_JJ  dress_NN  blended_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  shadows_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  watching_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  girl's_NN1$  face_NN  whiten_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  strength_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fortitude_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  her_PPHO1  think_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  soldier_NN  .  
  for_CS  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  :_:  
    you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  bad_JJ  trip_NN  .    
    nothing_PN1    nothing_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  soldier_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  trooper_NN  left_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  gambler_NN  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  expression_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  remembering_VBG  painful_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  after_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP  lounged_VVD  ,_,  cigarette_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  frozen_JJ  silver_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  dissolve_VV0  the_AT1  desert's_NN1$  incredible_JJ  blackness_NN  .  
  as_CS  Henriette_NP  walked_VVD  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  Tonto_NP  road_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  and_CC  strange_JJ  and_CC  incurious_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    Apaches_NP2  like_VV0  to_TO  crawl_VV0  down_RP  next_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  settlement_NN  and_CC  wait_VV0  for_IO  strays_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  indifferent_JJ  ,_,  unafraid_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  cool_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  faint_JJ  loneliness_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  fatalism_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  her_APP$  words_NNS  so_RG  even_JJ  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  wind_NN  coming_VBG  up_RP  ,_,  so_RG  soft_JJ  and_CC  good_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  off_RP  his_APP$  hat_NN  ,_,  long_JJ  legs_NNS  braced_VBN  and_CC  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  quick_JJ  and_CC  puzzled_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  watchfulness_NN  .  
  his_APP$  blond_JJ  hair_NN  glowed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  fugitive_JJ  light_NN  .  
  his_APP$  lips_NNS  were_VBDR  restless_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  sing_NN  and_CC  rush_NN  of_IO  strong_JJ  feeling_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  current_NN  of_IO  quick_JJ  wind_NN  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_RG  unruly_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  folks_NNS  in_IO  Lordsburg_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  direct_JJ  patient_JJ  way_NN  as_CS  though_CS  explaining_VBG  something_PN1  he_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  without_IO  asking_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  run_VV0  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  Lordsburg_NP  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .    
    my_APP$  folks_NNS  are_VBR  dead_JJ    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  massacre_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Superstition_NP  Mountains_NPLS  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  baby_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  bowed_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hardness_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  rawness_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  land_NN  and_CC  little_DA  sympathy_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  weak_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  survived_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  paid_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  survival_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  now_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS offered_VVD  no_AT1  explanation_NN  or_CC  apologies_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    over_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  Tonto_NP  Basin_NNL1  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  fine_JJ  land_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  still_RR  have_VH0  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ranch_NN  there_RL    with_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  half_RR  built_VBN  .    
    if_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  here_RL  .    
  his_APP$  lips_NNS  laughed_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  rashness_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  glowed_VVD  hot_JJ  again_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  grow_VV0  taller_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  .  
    a_AT1  debt_NN  to_TO  collect_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  will_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  through_IO  collecting_VBG  those_DD2  kind_NN  of_IO  debts_NNS  .  
  everybody_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  territory_NN  knows_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
    once_RR  you_PPY  were_VBDR  just_RR  a_AT1  rancher_NN  .  
  then_RL  you_PPY  tried_VVD  to_TO  wipe_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  grudge_NN  and_CC  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bigger_JJ  one_MC1  to_TO  wipe_VV0  out_RP    and_CC  the_AT1  debt_NN  kept_VVD  growing_VBG  and_CC  more_DA  men_NNS  are_VBR  waiting_VBG  to_TO  kill_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  some_DD  day_NN  a_AT1  man_NN  will_VM  .  
  run_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  debts_NNS  .    
  his_APP$  bright_JJ  smile_NN  kept_VVD  constant_JJ  ,_,  which_DDQ  made_VVD  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  lift_VV0  in_IO  resignation_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  run_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  back_RP  ,_,    and_CC  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  in_IO  silence_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  him_PPHO1  once_RR  more_RRR  and_CC  then_RL  passed_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  corridor_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  quarters_NNS  .  
  beyond_IO  her_APP$  window_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  murmuring_VBG  to_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  :_:  
    Plummer_NP  and_CC  Shanley_NP  are_VBR  in_IO  Lordsburg_NP  .  
  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP  knows_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
  through_IO  the_AT1  thin_JJ  partition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  adjoining_JJ  room_NN  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  crying_VBG  with_IO  uncontrollable_JJ  regularity_NN  .  
  Henriette_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  wall_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  head_NN  bowed_VBN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  ,_,  knocked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl's_NN1$  door_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  in_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  morning_NN  .  
  six_MC  fresh_JJ  horses_NNS  fidgeted_VVD  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  coach_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  fat_JJ  host_NN  of_IO  Gap_NP  Station_NNL1  came_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  swinging_VBG  a_AT1  lantern_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  ,_,  bitter_JJ  black_NN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  passengers_NNS  filed_VVD  sleep-dulled_JJ  and_CC  miserable_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Gap_NP  host_NN  grumbled_VVD  :_:  
    if_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  jump_VV0  you_PPY  before_CS  you_PPY  get_VV0  to_IO  Al's_PPIO2  ranch_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  noon_NN  when_CS Henriette_NP  caught_VVD  the_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  windless_JJ  air_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  angled_JJ  vista_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  panel_NN  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  a_AT1  clay_NN  and_CC  rock_NN  chimney_NN  standing_VBG  up_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  gaunt_JJ  skeleton_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  day's_NN1$  light_NN  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  there_RL  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  black_JJ  square_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  ,_,  smoke_NN  still_RR  rising_VBG  from_IO  pieces_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  completely_RR  burned_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  stage_NN  stopped_VVD  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  men_NNS  were_VBDR  instantly_RR  out_RP  .  
  an_AT1  iron_NN  stove_NN  squatted_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  ,_,  with_IO  one_MC1  section_NN  of_IO  pipe_NN  stuck_VBN  upright_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  fire_NN  licked_VVD  lazily_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  collapsed_JJ  fragments_NNS  of_IO  what_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  trunk_NN  .  
  beyond_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  lay_VVD  two_MC  nude_JJ  figures_NNS  grotesquely_RR  bald_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  deliberate_JJ  knife-slashes_NNS  marking_VBG  their_APP$  bodies_NNS  .  
  Happy_NP  Stuart_NP  walked_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  returned_VVD  quickly_RR  .  
    Al_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  wife_NN  .    
  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  battle_NN  ahead_RR  .  
  with_IO  Happy_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  shotgun_NN  guard_NN  he_PPHO1  clambered_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  roof_NN    ready_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  fight_NN  .  
  back_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  gambler_NN  said_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  :_:  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  pretty_RR  safe_JJ  between_IO  two_MC  fellows_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  hauled_VVD  a_AT1  .44_MC  from_IO  a_AT1  back_JB  pocket_NN  and_CC  laid_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  his_APP$  lap_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  pulled_VVD  the_AT1  rifle_NN  from_IO  between_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  and_CC  laid_VVD  it_PPH1  across_IO  the_AT1  sill_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cattleman_NN  swept_VVD  back_RP  his_APP$  coat_NN  to_TO  clear_VV0  the_AT1  gun_NN  holster_NN  .  
  Henriette_NP  sat_VVD  with_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  pinned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  gloved_JJ  tips_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  ,_,  remembering_VBG  the_AT1  tall_JJ  shape_NN  of_IO  Malpais_NP  Bill_NP  cut_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  of_IO  Gap_NP  Station_NNL1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  smiled_VBN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  might_VM  smile_VV0  at_IO  any_DD  desirable_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  sweep_NN  and_CC  swing_NN  of_IO  laughter_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  gentle_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  gambler_NN  spoke_VVD  very_RG  quietly_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  until_CS  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  not_XX  raising_VBG  his_APP$  voice_NN  :_:  
    get_VV0  down_RP  .    
  Henriette_NP  dropped_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  knees_NNS  ,_,  hearing_VBG  gunfire_NN  blast_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  rush_NN  and_CC  run_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  .  
  Happy_NP  Stuart_NP  ceased_VVD  to_TO  yell_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  army_NN  girl's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  round_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  ,_,  yet_CF  showing_VBG  no_AT1  fright_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  upward_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  gambler's_NN1$  side_NN  ,_,  Henriette_NP  saw_VVD  the_AT1  weaving_JJ  figure_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  Apache_NP  warrior_NN  reel_VV0  nakedly_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  pony_NN  and_CC  rush_VV0  by_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  rifle_NN  raised_VBN  and_CC  pointed_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  bony_JJ  elbows_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  gambler_NN  took_VVD  a_AT1  cool_JJ  aim_NN  .  
  the_AT1  stockman_NN  fired_VVD  and_CC  aimed_VVD  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Englishman's_NNP$  sporting_NN  rifle_NN  blasted_VVD  heavy_JJ  echoes_NNS  through_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  ,_,  hurting_VBG  her_APP$  ears_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  smell_NN  of_IO  powder_NN  got_VVD  rank_JJ  and_CC  bitter_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  blond_JJ  man's_NN1$  boots_NNS  scraped_VVD  the_AT1  coach_NN  top_NN  and_CC  round_JJ  small_JJ  holes_NNS  began_VVD  to_TO  dimple_VV0  the_AT1  panelling_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  Apaches'_NPS$  bullets_NNS  struck_VVD  .  
  an_AT1  Indian_NN1  came_VVD  boldly_RR  abreast_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  a_AT1  target_NN  that_PNQS could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  missed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  cattleman_NN  dropped_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  one_MC1  shot_NN  .  
  the_AT1  coach_NN  hubs_NNS  screamed_VVD  as_CS  its_APP$  wheels_NNS  slewed_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  sharp_JJ  ruts_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  heavy_JJ  superstructure_NN  bounced_VVD  high_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gambler_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  quietly_RR  :_:      you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  take_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,    handing_VBG  Henriette_NP  his_APP$  gun_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  small_JJ  hands_NNS  gripping_VBG  the_AT1  sill_NN  .  
  pallor_NN  loosened_VVD  the_AT1  cheeks_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  :_:  
    be_VB0  sure_JJ  to_TO  keep_VV0  between_IO  those_DD2  gentlemen_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  slumped_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  sill_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  rolling_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  without_IO  brake_NN  .  
  gunfire_NN  fell_VVD  off_RP  and_CC  the_AT1  crying_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Indians_NP2  faded_VVD  back_RP  .  
  coming_VBG  up_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  knees_NNS  then_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  desert's_NN1$  flat_JJ  surface_NN  far_RR  below_II  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  angular_JJ  pattern_NN  of_IO  Lordsburg_NP  vaguely_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  borders_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  heat_NN  fog_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  roar_NN  ,_,  Happy_NP  Stuart's_PPIO2  voice_NN  lifted_VVD  again_RR  and_CC  brakes_NNS  were_VBDR  screaming_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  wheels_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  going_VBG  off_RP  ,_,  and_CC  screaming_VBG  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  Englishman_NN1  stared_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  sullenly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  army_NN  girl_NN  seemed_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  deep_JJ  desperate_JJ  dream_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cattleman's_NN1$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  shining_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  sweat_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  man's_NN1$  mercy_NN  .  
  as_CS  Jenny_NP  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  receiver_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  arm_NN  suddenly_RR  came_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  hairy_JJ  hand_NN  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  wrist_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  warned_VVD  Jenny_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  peace_NN  and_CC  quiet_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  shattered_VBN  .  
  Jenny_NP  put_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  walked_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  Ian_NP  were_VBDR  back_RP  .  
  the_AT1  house_NN  always_RR  seemed_VVD  very_RG  still_JJ  and_CC  quiet_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  away_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  home_NN1  until_CS  late_RR  .  
  tonight_NN1  Jenny_NP  felt_VVD  uneasy_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  announcement_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  escaped_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  mental_JJ  institution_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  neighbouring_JJ  town_NN  had_VHD  disturbed_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  looking_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  bay-window_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  the_AT1  great_JJ  copper_JJ  beech_NN  cast_VVD  a_AT1  lacework_NN  of_IO  moving_JJ  shadows_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  ,_,  sunlit_JJ  lawn_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  whispering_JJ  branches_NNS  two_MC  magpies_NNS  quarrelled_VVD  noisily_RR  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_IO  the_AT1  eye_NN  could_VM  see_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  but_IO  trees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  distance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  bleak_JJ  moors_NNS  ,_,  so_RG  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  peaceful_JJ  and_CC  isolated_VBN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Ian_NP  liked_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  maniac_NN  at_RR  large_RR  .  
  Jenny_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  settee_NN  and_CC  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  calm_JJ  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS he_PPHO1  should_VM  come_VV0  here_RL  .  
  the_AT1  road_NN  past_IO  their_APP$  house_NN  led_VVD  only_RR  to_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  secluded_JJ  bay_NN  a_AT1  mile_NN  or_CC  two_MC  further_RRR  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  escaping_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  asylum_NN  was_VBDZ  presumably_RR  to_TO  get_VV0  as_RG  far_RR  away_RP  from_IO  confinement_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  case_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  naturally_RR  go_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  direction_NN  .  
  her_APP$  fears_NNS  somewhat_RR  lulled_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  read_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  radio_NN  was_VBDZ  on_RP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  baby_NN  upstairs_RL  whimper_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  sleep_NN  .  
  the_AT1  clock_NN  was_VBDZ  striking_VBG  six_MC  when_CS a_AT1  loud_JJ  knock_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  start_VV0  .  
  slowly_RR  she_PPHO1  lowered_VVD  the_AT1  newspaper_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  expecting_VBG  anyone_PN1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  her_APP$  young_JJ  sister_NN  ,_,  Betty_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  said_VBN  she_PPHO1  might_VM  call_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  a_AT1  good-looking_JJ  man_NN  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  grey_JJ  suit_NN  ,_,  pushed_VVD  past_IO  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  indignantly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  protest_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  and_CC  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  her_APP$  mouth_NN  went_VVD  dry_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  large_JJ  hand_NN  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  her_PPHO1  towards_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .  
    go_VV0  on_RP  ,_,    the_AT1  voice_NN  said_VVD  metallically_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  protest_NN  died_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  obeyed_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  settee_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  turned_VVD  and_CC  smiled_VVD  nervously_RR  .  
    will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  sit_VV0  down_RP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  throat_NN  constricted_VBN  .  
    food_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  you_PPY  any_DD  food_NN  .    he_PPHO1  growled_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  strange_JJ  glint_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eye_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  swallowed_VVD  hard_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  fumbling_VBG  nervously_RR  with_IO  her_APP$  wedding_NN  ring_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  much_DA    my_APP$  husband's_NN1$  supper_NN      
  her_APP$  voice_NN  trailed_VVD  away_RP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  Ian_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  stranger_NN  half-rose_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  wary_JJ  .  
    your_APP$  husband_NN  ,_,  where_CS is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  soon_RR  .    
    give_VV0  me_PPIO1  food_NN  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  try_VV0  as_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  take_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  away_RP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  almost_RR  hypnotic_JJ  about_IO  those_DD2  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  something_PN1  lonely_JJ    a_AT1  loneliness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  spirit_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  terrifying_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  his_APP$  mind_NN  were_VBDR  far_RR  beyond_IO  reality_NN  .  
  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  announcer_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  warned_VBN  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS met_VVD  this_DD1  man_NN  not_XX  to_TO  provoke_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  any_DD  way_NN  .  
  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  disagreement_NN  could_VM  send_VV0  him_PPHO1  into_IO  an_AT1  uncontrollable_JJ  rage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  rise_VV0  slowly_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  get_VV0  you_PPY  some_DD  food_NN  now_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  hastily_RR  .  
  her_APP$  hand_NN  found_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  handle_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  out_RP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  alcove_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  fell_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  longingly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  sixth_MD  sense_NN  made_VVD  her_APP$  glance_VV0  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  .  
  threateningly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  stooped_VVD  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  her_APP$  handkerchief_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  pantry_NN  door_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  bread_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  and_CC  took_VVD  the_AT1  butter_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cold_JJ  veal_NN  and_CC  ham_NN  pie_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  refrigerator_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  her_APP$  every_AT1  move_NN  .  
  putting_VBG  the_AT1  food_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  tray_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  cut_VVD  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  apple_NN  tart_NN  ,_,  and_CC  carried_VVD  it_PPH1  all_DB  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  close_RR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  placed_VVD  the_AT1  tray_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  him_PPHO1  .  
  ignoring_VBG  the_AT1  knife_NN  and_CC  fork_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  meat_NN  pie_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  breaking_VBG  it_PPH1  in_IO  two_MC  ,_,  began_VVD  to_TO  eat_VV0  .  
  Jenny_NP  could_VM  feel_VV0  her_APP$  hands_NNS  trembling_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  man_NN  coughed_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  hand_NN  jerked_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sauce_NN  bottle_NN  lay_VVD  on_IO  its_APP$  side_NN  .  
  a_AT1  brown_JJ  stain_NN  slowly_RR  spread_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  cloth_NN  .  
  her_APP$  hand_NN  went_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  fallen_JJ  bottle_NN    and_CC  froze_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  stop_VV0  chewing_VBG  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  spilling_JJ  sauce_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  shrank_VVD  back_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  wild_JJ  cat_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  disturbed_VBN  at_IO  its_APP$  meal_NN  .  
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  silly_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  forcing_VBG  a_AT1  laugh_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  moved_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  .  
  come_VV0  back_RP  .    
  the_AT1  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  whip-lash_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  swayed_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  shakily_RR  .  
    you_PPY  'd_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  drink_NN  .    
    beer_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  half-open_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  walking_VBG  quietly_RR  ,_,  reached_VVD  the_AT1  alcove_NN  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  only_RR  dial_VV0  999_MC  .  
  Jenny_NP  glanced_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  ajar_RR  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sound_NN  ,_,  except_CS  when_CS his_APP$  hand_NN  touched_VVD  the_AT1  cutlery_NN  .  
  reaching_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  receiver_NN  ,_,  and_CC  raised_VVD  her_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  dial_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  breathing_VBG  with_IO  difficulty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  legs_NNS  felt_VVD  unsteady_JJ  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  receiver_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  arm_NN  came_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  hairy_JJ  hand_NN  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  wrist_NN  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  leaped_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  blood_NN  pounded_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  ears_NNS  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  paralysed_VBN  with_IO  fear_NN  .  
  then_RL  slowly_RR  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  up_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  hardly_RR  recognised_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  flushed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  grown_VBN  larger_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  mouth_NN  was_VBDZ  slightly_RR  open_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  jerked_VVD  spasmodically_RR  at_IO  one_MC1  corner_NN  .  
  her_APP$  breath_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  gasps_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  her_APP$  tongue_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  dry_JJ  lips_NNS  .  
  suddenly_RR  his_APP$  grip_NN  tightened_VVD  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  gasp_NN  of_IO  pain_NN  ,_,  Jenny_NP  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  receiver_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  ,_,  still_RR  holding_VBG  her_APP$  wrist_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  ring_VV0  the_AT1  doctor_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  calling_VBG  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  baby_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  too_RG  well_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  ringing_VBG  any_DD  doctor_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  thickly_RR  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  then_RL  .  
  come_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  that_DD1  bottle_NN  of_IO  beer_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  hopefully_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  released_VVD  her_APP$  wrist_NN  .  
  Jenny_NP  took_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  tentative_JJ  steps_NNS  forward_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  waited_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  heart_NN  pounding_VBG  .  
  glancing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  eye_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  following_VBG  .  
  slowly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  took_VVD  a_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  beer_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  refrigerator_NN  .  
  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  stood_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  bottle_NN  and_CC  poured_VVD  out_RP  the_AT1  drink_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  held_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  out_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    come_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  feel_VV0  better_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  suspiciously_RR  at_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  then_RL  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    what_DDQ  d'_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  ,_,    feel_VV0  better_JJ    .    he_PPHO1  growled_VVD  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  wrong_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  Jenny_NP  smiled_VVD  placatingly_RR  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  ,_,    she_PPHO1  soothed_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  you_PPY  said_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  very_RG  thirsty_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  brand_NN  .  
  my_APP$  husband_NN  's_VBZ  very_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  label_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  good_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  can_VM  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mean_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  rude_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  say_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  rude_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  glaze_VV0  over_RP  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  mad_JJ  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH    no_UH  .  
  why_CS should_VM  I_PPIS1  .  
  look_VV0  ,_,  drink_VV0  up_RP  .  
  have_VH0  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  packet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  one_MC1  and_CC  examined_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  thick_JJ  fingers_NNS  turning_VBG  it_PPH1  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  sniffed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  brows_NNS  drawn_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  concentration_NN  .  
  Jenny_NP  lit_VVD  hers_PP$  and_CC  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  amazement_NN  .  
  why_CS all_DB  this_DD1  fuss_NN  over_IO  an_AT1  ordinary_JJ  cigarette_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  flicked_VVD  her_APP$  lighter_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  wrist_NN  ,_,  bringing_VBG  the_AT1  flame_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  puffed_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  hands_NNS  gripped_VVD  her_PPHO1  more_RG  tightly_RR  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  met_VVD  hers_PP$  through_IO  the_AT1  thin_JJ  veil_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  pounded_VVD  and_CC  she_PPHO1  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  wild_JJ  look_NN  of_IO  animal_JJ  desire_NN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  mad_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  utterly_RR  weary_JJ  .  
  gently_RR  she_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  away_RP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  God_NP  ,_,  please_UH  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  inwardly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  much_DA  more_DA  of_IO  this_DD1  .    
  the_AT1  baby_NN  upstairs_RL  began_VVD  to_TO  cry_VV0  loudly_RR  ,_,  giving_VBG  great_JJ  hiccoughing_JJ  sobs_NNS  .  
  then_RL  his_APP$  voice_NN  rose_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  scream_NN  .  
  Jenny_NP  whipped_VVD  round_RP  and_CC  raced_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  man_NN  caught_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  .    he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  fierce_JJ  and_CC  ugly_JJ  .  
    my_APP$  baby_NN  's_VBZ  ill_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  see_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  glared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  fear_NN  forgotten_VBN  because_CS  her_APP$  little_JJ  son_NN  needed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    let_VV0  me_PPIO1  go_VV0  .    
    come_VV0  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  one_MC1  look_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  now_RL  a_AT1  deep_JJ  red_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  veins_NNS  bulging_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  madness_NN  plain_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  desperate_JJ  effort_NN  she_PPHO1  wrenched_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  away_RP  and_CC  dashed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  him_PPHO1  shout_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  start_VV0  to_TO  lumber_VV0  after_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  with_IO  fear_NN  as_IO  the_AT1  spur_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  leapt_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  madman_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  heels_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  split_JJ  second_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  seizing_VBG  a_AT1  large_JJ  Chinese_JJ  vase_NN  that_PNQS stood_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  turn_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  and_CC  sent_VVD  it_PPH1  rolling_VBG  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  across_IO  the_AT1  thighs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  man_NN  and_CC  vase_NN  crashed_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  heap_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  not_XX  waiting_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  results_NNS  ,_,  Jenny_NP  dived_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  and_CC  slammed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  turning_VBG  the_AT1  key_NN  .  
  gasping_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  back_RP  against_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  wildly_RR  around_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  eye_NN  fell_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  chest_NN  of_IO  drawers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  heavy_JJ  and_CC  made_VBN  of_IO  oak_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  across_RP  and_CC  slowly_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  push_VV0  it_PPH1  over_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  hearing_VBG  the_AT1  noise_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  baby_NN  stopped_VBN  crying_VBG  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  chest_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  position_NN  .  
  panting_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  her_APP$  hair_NN  off_IO  her_APP$  forehead_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  baby's_NN1$  cot_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  laid_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  picking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  cot_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  carried_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  ante-room_NN  which_DDQ  led_VVD  off_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  bedroom_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  in_RP  ,_,  except_CS  through_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  collected_VVD  the_AT1  baby_NN  and_CC  laid_VVD  him_PPHO1  down_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cot_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  going_VBG  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  closed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  muffled_JJ  sound_NN  of_IO  scrambling_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  eyed_VVD  the_AT1  oak_NN  chest_NN  .  
  that_DD1  should_VM  hold_VV0  him_PPHO1  off_RP  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  extension_NN  phone_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  trembling_JJ  hands_NNS  ,_,  dialled_VVD  999_MC  .  
  soon_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  blurting_VBG  out_RP  all_DB  the_AT1  essential_JJ  details_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  receiver_NN  ,_,  Jenny_NP  noticed_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  silent_JJ  again_RR  .  
  where_CS was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  as_RG  near_II  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  and_CC  listened_VVD  intently_RR    not_XX  a_AT1  sound_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  weakly_RR  .  
  taking_VBG  her_APP$  cigarettes_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lit_VVD  one_MC1  .  
  inhaling_VBG  deeply_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  let_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  fall_VV0  forward_RR  .  
  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  jerked_VVD  upright_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  side_NN  door_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  creaked_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  outside_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  for_IO  what_DDQ  .  
  then_RL  nightmare_NN  visions_NNS  of_IO  things_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  read_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  papers_NNS  flooded_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1    of_IO  people_NNS  being_VBG  axed_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  !_!  
  only_RR  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  Ian_NP  had_VHD  bought_VBN  a_AT1  new_JJ  axe_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  picture_VV0  its_APP$  gleaming_JJ  head_NN  now_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  darted_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gazed_VVD  vainly_RR  in_IO  all_DB  directions_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  sight_NN  or_CC  sound_NN  of_IO  anyone_PN1    only_RR  the_AT1  sun-dappled_JJ  lawn_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whispering_JJ  trees_NNS  .  
  peace_NN  was_VBDZ  everywhere_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  bitterly_RR  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  leaped_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  approaching_JJ  car_NN  .  
  running_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  Jenny_NP  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  sweep_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  bend_NN  and_CC  pass_VV0  straight_RR  on_RP  ,_,  heading_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  cove_NN  .  
  again_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  awful_JJ  silence_NN    silence_NN  except_IO  for_II  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  axe_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS began_VVD  to_TO  stumble_VV0  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  continuing_VBG  Reveille's_PPIO2  exciting_JJ  serial_NN  .  
  vice_JB  king's_NN1$  sweetheart_NN  .  
  hide-and-seek_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  killer_NN  .  
  by_IO  Douglas_NP  Enefer_NP  .  
  a_AT1  glance_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  driving_NN  mirror_NN  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  tailed_VBN  by_IO  another_DD1  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  .  
  his_APP$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Ugo_NP  Caramello_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  met_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  earlier_RRR    after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  found_VBN  lovely_JJ  Anna_NP  Pavone_NP  dead_JJ  in_IO  Rome's_PPIO2  famous_JJ  Fountain_NNL1  of_IO  Trevi_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  with_IO  Anna's_PPIO2  sister_NN  ,_,  Adriana_NP  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  news_NN  .  
  Adriana_NP  had_VHD  denied_VBN  that_CS  her_APP$  sister_NN  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  
  and_CC  Ugo_NP  had_VHD  threatened_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  
  events_NNS  moved_VVD  rapidly_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  run_VBN  across_IO  New_NP  York_NP  vice-boss_NN  Frank_NP  Delgarra_NP  in_IO  Rome_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  call-girl_NN  ,_,  Gina_NP  Vanoni_NP  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  Gina_NP  murdered_VBN    and_CC  Adriana_NP  left_VVD  for_IO  New_NP  York_NP  to_TO  collect_VV0  an_AT1  oil_NN  fortune_NN  she_PPHO1  should_VM  have_VH0  shared_VBN  with_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
  helping_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  collect_VV0  would_VM  be_VB0  her_APP$  fiance_NN  ,_,  business_NN  tycoon_NN  Lance_NP  Mallory_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  to_IO  Adriana_NP  in_IO  her_APP$  penthouse_NN  suite_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  her_APP$  sister_NN  had_VHD  died_VBN    in_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  crash_NN  .  
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  lips_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  inviting_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  snubbed_VBN  her_PPHO1  and_CC  stalked_VBN  out_RP  .  
  now_RL  watchdog_VV0  Ugo_NP  was_VBDZ  following_VBG  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  gun_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  being_VBG  tailed_VBN  by_IO  Ugo_NP  Caramello_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  blue_JJ  Chev_NP  when_CS I_PPIS1  drove_VVD  downtown_RL  through_IO  Columbus-circle_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  keeping_VBG  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  distance_NN  he_PPHO1  figured_VVD  necessary_JJ  for_IO  me_PPIO1  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  followed_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  at_IO  Times-square_NP  I_PPIS1  made_VVD  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  left_JJ  turn_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  down_IO  Eighth-avenue_NP  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  traffic_NN  would_VM  allow_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  shaken_VBN  him_PPHO1  off_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  widening_VBG  the_AT1  gap_NN  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  slewed_VVD  into_IO  Greenwich-avenue_NP  and_CC  twisted_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  side_NN  streets_NNS  with_IO  their_APP$  curio_NN  shops_NNS  and_CC  outdoor_JB  art_NN  shows_NNS  west_NN1  of_IO  Washington-square_NP  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  finally_RR  ran_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  alley_NN  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  Caramello_NP  beat_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  walked_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  alley_NN  and_CC  stood_VVD  back_RP  under_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  awning_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  three_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  blue_JJ  Chev_NP  poked_VVD  its_APP$  nose_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
  Ugo_NP  had_VHD  his_APP$  dark_JJ  glasses_NNS  off_RP  now_RL  and_CC  was_VBDZ  peering_VBG  around_RP  .  
  his_APP$  dark_JJ  Sicilian_JJ  face_NN  was_VBDZ  savage_JJ  with_IO  annoyance_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  killed_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  engine_NN  ,_,  stepped_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  dodged_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  drugstore_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  waited_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  ,_,  then_RL  drifted_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  the_AT1  drug-store_NN  doors_NNS  open_JJ  .  
  inside_RP  four_MC  teenage_JB  kids_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  boys_NNS  and_CC  two_MC  girls_NNS  ,_,  were_VBDR  drinking_VBG  cokes_NNS  and_CC  chattering_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  counterman_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  hefty_JJ  lad_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  shoulders_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  quarter-back_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  polishing_VBG  glasses_NNS  with_IO  quick_JJ  ,_,  deft_JJ  movements_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  a_AT1  middle-aged_JJ  guy_NN  with_IO  waxed_JJ  moustaches_NNS  was_VBDZ  reading_VBG  as_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  magazine_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  do_VD0  without_IO  buying_VBG  the_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  Signor_NNSB1  Ugo_NP  Caramello_NP  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  telephone_NN  booth_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  strolled_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  counter_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  my_APP$  ear_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  without_IO  glass_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  just_RR  hear_VV0  Ugo's_PPIO2  voice_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  a_AT1  bit_NN  agitated_JJ  .  
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  Plaza_NP  6-1079_MC-MC  ,_,  please_UH  .    
  a_AT1  pause_NN  ,_,  then_RL  :_:  
    who_PNQS  is_VBZ  speaking_VBG  ,_,  please_UH  .    
  again_RR  a_AT1  pause_NN  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  Caramello_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  disappear_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  traffic_NN  .    
  another_DD1  pause_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1    oh_UH  ,_,  damn_UH  .    
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  phone_NN  slam_VV0  back_RP  on_IO  its_APP$  rest_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  fast_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  and_CC  across_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  in_IO  it_PPH1  until_CS  Caramello_NP  came_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  drove_VVD  off_RP  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  drugstore_NN  .  
  the_AT1  counterhand_NN  eyed_VVD  me_PPIO1  coldly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  want_VV0  something_PN1  ,_,  mister_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  bought_VVD  a_AT1  pack_NN  of_IO  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  shut_VVD  myself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  booth_NN  and_CC  dialled_VVD  Plaza_NP  6-1079_MC-MC  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Lance_NP  Mallory's_PPIO2  residence_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  voice_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  let_VVD  the_AT1  receiver_NN  slide_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  its_APP$  cradle_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  car_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  head_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  thoughts_NNS    none_PN1  of_IO  which_DDQ  started_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  sense_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  drove_VVD  home_NN1  .  
  Lesley_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  brown-haired_JJ  girl_NN  who_PNQS operates_VBZ  the_AT1  switchboard_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  apartment_NN  block_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  up_RP  pertly_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  time_NN  in_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Power_NP  .    
    swell_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  've_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  tan_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  otherwise_RR  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  fresh_JJ  back_RP  from_IO  sunny_JJ  Italy_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  critically_RR  .  
    and_CC  why_CS are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  two_MC  more_DA  days'_NN2  leave_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  check_VV0  in_RP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  going_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  railing_NN  which_DDQ  protects_VBZ  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  harsh_JJ  world_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  leaned_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  kissed_VVD  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  counting_VBG  the_AT1  hours_NNS  to_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    put_VV0  your_APP$  face_NN  up_RP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  recklessly_RR  .  
  her_APP$  smooth_JJ  oval_JJ  face_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  directly_RR  .  
  her_APP$  mouth_NN  was_VBDZ  warm_JJ  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  moist_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  immobile_JJ  .  
  finally_RR  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,  briskly_RR  :_:  
    a_AT1  telephone_NN  message_NN  came_VVD  for_IO  you_PPY  while_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  out_RP  .  
  from_IO  a_AT1  Miss_NNSB1  Adriana_NP  Pavone_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  eyed_VVD  me_PPIO1  mockingly_RR  .  
    so_RR  they_PPHS2  even_RR  follow_VV0  you_PPY  from_IO  Italy_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  sure_UH    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  in_IO  rotation_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  did_VDD  Miss_NNSB1  Pavone_NP  want_VV0  .    
  Lesley_NP  tapped_VVD  her_APP$  small_JJ  teeth_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  newly-pointed_JB  pencil_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  rather_RR  urgently_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX  in_RP  she_PPHO1  would_VM  send_VV0  a_AT1  written_JJ  message_NN  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  half-hour_NN  later_RRR  this_DD1  came_VVD  .    
  she_PPHO1  handed_VVD  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  pale-blue_JJ  envelope_NN  .  
    thanks_NNS  ,_,  Lesley_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  started_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  elevator_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  innocently_RR  :_:  
    are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  open_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Power_NP  .    
  I_PPIS1  grinned_VVD  .  
    yeah_UH    where_CS you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  watch_VV0  my_APP$  emotional_JJ  reactions_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  apartment_NN  and_CC  read_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  quite_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  expected_VBN    if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  anything_PN1  in_RR  particular_RR    but_CCB  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  said_VVD  shook_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  dear_JJ  John_NP    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  distressed_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  those_DD2  dreadful_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  simply_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  convince_VV0  you_PPY  how_CS wrong_JJ  you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  the_AT1  opportunity_NN    because_CS  tonight_NN1  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  flying_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  Rome_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  uncertain_JJ  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  about_IO  my_APP$  engagement_NN  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Mallory_NP  and_CC  today_NN1  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  marry_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  explained_VBN  this_DD1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  understands_VBZ    better_RRR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  ,_,  than_CS  you_PPY  understand_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  goodbye_NN    Adriana_NP  Pavone_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  letter_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  desk_NN  and_CC  rammed_VVD  tobacco_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  pipe_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  .  
  the_AT1  hell_NN  with_IO  Adriana_NP  Pavone_NP  !_!  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  skip_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Rome_NP    let_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  give_VV0  a_AT1  damn_NN  .  
  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  picking_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  letter_NN  and_CC  reading_VBG  it_PPH1  again_RR  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  marrying_VBG  Mallory_NP  .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  old_JJ  man_NN  Power_NP  .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0  about_IO  either_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  maybe_RR  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0  about_IO  New_NP  York_NP  once_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  latched_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  that_DD1  five-million-dollar_JB  pay-off_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thoughts_NNS  jostled_VVD  through_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN    and_CC  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  stop_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  hope_VV0  to_TO  conclude_VV0  a_AT1  deal_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  in_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  days_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  she_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  stalling_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  flying_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  ,_,  so_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  any_RR  longer_RRR  need_VV0  to_TO  poke_VV0  your_APP$  goddam_JJ  nose_NN  into_IO  my_APP$  affairs_NNS  .  .    
  that_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  grabbed_VVD  the_AT1  telephone_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  terminal_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  reservation_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  flight_NN  to_IO  Rome_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Signorina_NNSB1  Adriana_NP  Pavone_NP  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  contact_VV0  her_PPHO1  before_CS  she_PPHO1  checks_VBZ  in_RP  .    
  a_AT1  girl_NN  clerk_NN  answered_VVD  :_:  
    wait_VV0  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  out_RP  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  pause_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  dragged_VVD  pipe_NN  smoke_NN  in_RP  coughing_VBG  clouds_NNS  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  line_NN  came_VVD  alive_JJ  again_RR  .  
    sorry_JJ  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  no_AT1  reservation_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  name_NN  .    
    the_AT1  morning_NN  flight_NN  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  looked_VBN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  of_IO  that_DD1  name_NN  is_VBZ  booked_VBN  to_IO  Rome_NP  .    
    thanks_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  thickly_RR  .  
  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG  north_NN1  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  commissionaire_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  on_IO  hand_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  plushy_JJ  hotel_NN  where_CS Adriana_NP  was_VBDZ  staying_VBG  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  rode_VVD  myself_PPX1  straight_RR  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  penthouse_NN  suite_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  locked_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  banged_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  three_MC  times_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  open_VV0  about_RR  a_AT1  foot_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  face_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  slit_JJ  view_NN    a_AT1  thin_JJ  ,_,  faintly_RR  yellowed_VBN  face_NN  with_IO  eyes_NNS  like_IO  deadly_JJ  sins_NNS  and_CC  shining_JJ  crinkly_JJ  hair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  around_RR  twenty-five_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  and_CC  looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  Filipino_JJ  houseboy_NN  .  
  before_II  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  noticed_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  one_MC1  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Adriana_NP  Pavone_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    John_NP  Power_NP  calling_VBG  .    
  he_PPHO1  twisted_VVD  a_AT1  wide_JJ  mouthful_NN  of_IO  teeth_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  grin_NN  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Pavone_NP  not_XX  in_RP  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    you_PPY  know_VV0  where_CS she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  gone_VBN  .    
    no_UH  sir_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  .    
  the_AT1  grin_NN  had_VHD  died_VBN  but_CCB  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  alert_JJ  .  
  too_RG  alert_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  you_PPY  here_RL  before_II  ,_,  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  .    
  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  a_AT1  foot_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  and_CC  smiled_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  slow_JJ  smile_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  friend_NN  of_IO  hers_PP$  ,_,  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Pavone_NP  left_VVD  just_RR  now_RL  with_IO  all_DB  her_APP$  baggage_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  fly_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
    on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  flight_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  nod_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  checked_VVD  himself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ  .  
    the_AT1  night_NN  flight_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  take_VV0  off_RP  until_IO  eleven-thirty_MC  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  some_DD  shopping_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  first_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  .    
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  snapping_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  now_RL  .  
  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  globule_NN  of_IO  saliva_NN  pooled_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  swung_VVD  my_APP$  shoulder_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reeled_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  arms_NNS  flailing_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  in_RP  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  lying_VBG  ,_,  Flip_NP  .  
  where_CS 's_VHZ  she_PPHO1  gone_VBN    and_CC  why_CS .    
  he_PPHO1  backed_VVD  warily_RR  from_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  going_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  hallway_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  lounge_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  without_IO  warning_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  lunged_VVD  .  
  something_PN1  long_JJ  and_CC  blue_JJ  and_CC  shining_VBG  had_VHD  slid_VBN  down_IO  his_APP$  sleeve_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hit_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  jaw_NN  with_IO  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  hang_VV0  ,_,  suspended_VBN  in_IO  mid_JB  air_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  zoomed_VVD  backwards_RR  ,_,  hit_VVD  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  rolled_VVD  over_RP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  done_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  face-upwards_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  roll_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  wrist_NN  angled_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  knife-throw_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  trod_VVD  savagely_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  wrist_NN  and_CC  ground_VVD  it_PPH1  until_CS  he_PPHO1  screamed_VVD  his_APP$  agony_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flick-knife_NN  jumped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  clattering_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  reached_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  hooked_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  by_IO  his_APP$  collar_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hit_VVD  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  more_DA  time_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  crack_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  sprawled_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  sofa_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  mouth_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  blood_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  full_JJ  of_IO  death_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  inside_IO  his_APP$  jacket_NN  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  outside_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  pants_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  wearing_VBG  artillery_NN  .  
    all_RR  right_RR    talk_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  barked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  dragged_VVD  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  breast-pocket_NN  and_CC  dabbed_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  from_IO  under_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  big_JJ  Luger_NP  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  needed_VBN  in_IO  Rome_NP  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  and_CC  fix_VV0  your_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  up_RP  soundlessly_RR  and_CC  speechlessly_RR  and_CC  glided_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  hallway_NN  and_CC  through_IO  a_AT1  door_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  in_RP  after_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  watched_VVD  while_CS  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  the_AT1  dislodged_JJ  teeth_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  again_RR  ,_,    tell_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  wolfishly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  words_NNS  came_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  beat_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Flip_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  the_AT1  time_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  sadistic_JJ  instincts_NNS  .  
    on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  hand_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  drag_VV0  you_PPY  down_RP  to_IO  police_NNS  headquarters_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boys_NNS  could_VM  stand_VV0  you_PPY  under_IO  the_AT1  lights_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  swayed_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  wash-basin_NN  ,_,  killing_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  shrugged_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  the_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  either_RR  .  
  you_PPY  stay_VV0  tied_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  locked_JJ  bathroom_NN  until_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  back_RP    with_IO  a_AT1  gag_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  and_CC  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  damned_RR  uncomfortable_JJ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  shed_VV0  tears_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  lounge_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  dropped_VVD  the_AT1  key_NN  on_RP  to_IO  Adriana's_PPIO2  writing_NN  desk_NN  .  
  something_PN1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  ,_,  pale_JJ  blue_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  that_DD1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  used_VBN  to_TO  write_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  writing_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  too_RR  :_:  
  dear_JJ  John_NP    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  distressed_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  those_DD2  dreadful_JJ  words_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  simply_RR  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  to_TO  convince_VV0  you_PPY  how_CS wrong_JJ  you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  like_VV0    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  more_DA  .  
  just_RR  a_AT1  letter_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  begun_VBN  and_CC  then_RL  started_VBN  again_RR  on_IO  another_DD1  sheet_NN  .  
  pushed_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  top_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  newspaper_NN  ,_,  folded_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  black_JJ  headlines_NNS  which_DDQ  read_VVD  :_:  
  Frank_NP  Delgarra_NP  ,_,  back_RP  from_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  talks_VBZ  of_IO  big_JJ  deal_NN  .  Durieux_NP  unbuttoned_VVD  the_AT1  right_JJ  breast_NN  pocket_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  parachute_NN  smock_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  fumbling_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  stiffness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  canvas_NN  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  party_NN  card_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  holding_VBG  it_PPH1  high_RR  ,_,  that_CS  all_DB  might_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  more_RG  proud_JJ  of_IO  this_DD1  card_NN  than_CS  of_IO  this_DD1  badge_NN  .    
  when_CS he_PPHO1  said_VVD  this_DD1  ,_,  Durieux_NP  tapped_VVD  the_AT1  silver-nickel_NN  badge_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  pinned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  flap_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  breast_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  the_AT1  badge_NN  consisted_VVD  of_IO  an_AT1  opened_JJ  parachute_NN  flanked_VBN  by_IO  wings_NNS  .  
  cynics_NNS  said_VVD  the_AT1  wings_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  added_VBN  to_TO  remind_VV0  the_AT1  wearer_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  one_MC1  day_NN  have_VH0  need_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  parachute-packing_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  an_AT1  exact_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  and_CC  parachute_NN  packers_NNS  have_VH0  been_VBN  known_VBN  to_TO  err_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  badge_NN  meant_VVD  that_CS  Durieux's_PPIO2  parachute_NN  had_VHD  six_MC  times_NNS  successfully_RR  responded_VBN  to_IO  his_APP$  pull_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ripcord_NN  ,_,  with_IO  himself_PPX1  dangling_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  rigging_NN  lines_NNS  ,_,  fluttering_VBG  to_IO  earth_NN  like_IO  an_AT1  autumn_NN  leaf_NN  discarded_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  military_JJ  tree_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  real_JJ  party_NN  card_NN  .    asked_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  like_IO  any_DD  party_NN  card_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  ever_RR  saw_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  bet_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  forgery_NN  .    
    see_VV0  for_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,    shouted_VVD  Durieux_NP  ,_,  thrusting_VBG  the_AT1  card_NN  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Corsican's_NNP$  face_NN  .  
  Rossi_NP  spat_VVD  very_RG  deliberately_RR  ,_,  and_CC  very_RG  messily_RR  ,_,  upon_IO  Durieux's_PPIO2  party_NN  card_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  paras_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  guessed_VBN  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  shouted_VVD  with_IO  laughter_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  lick_VV0  that_DD1  card_NN  clean_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Durieux_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  down_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  nape_NN  of_IO  Rossi's_PPIO2  neck_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  his_APP$  intention_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  force_VV0  the_AT1  Corsican's_NNP$  nose_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  spittle_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Rossi_NP  jerked_VVD  Durieux's_PPIO2  heels_NNS  from_IO  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Durieux_NP  pitched_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  falling_VBG  over_IO  Rossi_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  clutched_VBN  at_IO  Rossi_NP  to_TO  save_VV0  himself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  still_RR  held_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  card_NN  and_CC  would_VM  not_XX  let_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  restraining_JJ  hands_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  paras_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  at_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  Rossi_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  all_DB  that_PNQS saved_VVD  Durieux_NP  from_IO  falling_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  paras_NNS  who_PNQS held_VVD  Durieux_NP  spun_VVD  him_PPHO1  roughly_RR  about_RP  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  stumbled_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  concern_NN  was_VBDZ  for_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  card_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  scorched_VBN    as_CS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  that_PNQS held_VVD  it_PPH1    and_CC  Rossi's_PPIO2  spittle_NN  was_VBDZ  bubbling_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  cardboard_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  wiped_VVD  the_AT1  card_NN  clean_JJ  ,_,  using_VBG  great_JJ  care_NN  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  handkerchief_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  the_AT1  card_NN  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  breast_NN  pocket_NN  and_CC  buttoned_VVD  it_PPH1  beneath_IO  the_AT1  parachute_NN  badge_NN  .  
  only_RR  then_RL  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  return_VV0  to_IO  Rossi_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR  lying_VBG  beside_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
    now_RL  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  lick_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  better_RRR  than_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    promised_VVD  Durieux_NP  .  
    get_VV0  up_RP  ,_,  Rossi_NP  .    
    enchanted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  invitation_NN  ,_,  comrade_NN  Durieux_NP  .    
  Rossi_NP  arose_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  muscular_JJ  tension_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  caged_JJ  leopard_NN  at_IO  feeding_NN  time_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  almost_RR  regretted_VVD  having_VHG  issued_VBN  the_AT1  invitation_NN  .  
  Rossi_NP  was_VBDZ  tall_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  tower_VV0  above_IO  Durieux_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  broad_JJ  ,_,  yet_CF  not_XX  significantly_RR  wider_JJ  than_IO  Durieux_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unmistakably_RR  the_AT1  more_RG  aggressive_JJ  .  
  looking_VBG  at_IO  Rossi_NP  ,_,  Durieux_NP  could_VM  not_XX  believe_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  opponent_NN  possessed_VVD  the_AT1  fighting_NN  instincts_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  man_NN  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  though_CS  the_AT1  Corsican_NN1  belonged_VVD  spiritually_RR  to_IO  another_DD1  species_NN  .  
  the_AT1  leopard-skin_NN  pattern_NN  upon_IO  his_APP$  parachute_NN  smock_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  outward_JB  expression_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  character_NN  .  
  yet_RR  Durieux_NP  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  coward_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  easily_RR  intimidated_VBN  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  fired_VVD  his_APP$  right_JJ  fist_NN  into_IO  Rossi's_PPIO2  face_NN  and_CC  caught_VVD  the_AT1  Corsican_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  .  
  his_APP$  knuckles_NNS  made_VVD  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  sound_NN  against_IO  Rossi's_PPIO2  teeth_NNS  .  
  Rossi_NP  rode_VVD  the_AT1  blow_NN  ,_,  swaying_VBG  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  hips_NNS  upon_IO  which_DDQ  his_APP$  hands_NNS  still_RR  rested_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  his_APP$  lips_NNS  split_VVD  like_IO  an_AT1  over-ripe_JJ  tomato_NN  .  
  blood_NN  flowed_VVD  from_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  ran_VVD  down_IO  his_APP$  chin_NN  like_IO  wine_NN  .  
  Rossi_NP  ran_VVD  his_APP$  tongue_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  blood_NN  :_:  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  savour_VV0  the_AT1  taste_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  smiling_VBG  .  
  then_RL  Rossi_NP  struck_VVD  Durieux_NP  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  blow_NN  that_PNQS landed_VVD  midway_RR  between_IO  crutch_NN  and_CC  waist_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  hit_VBN  so_RG  hard_RR  before_II  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  an_AT1  amateur_NN  boxer_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  student_NN  days_NNS  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  gain_VV0  popularity_NN  and_CC  engender_VV0  self-confidence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  even_RR  imagined_VBN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  hit_VBN  so_RG  hard_RR  .  
  the_AT1  blow_NN  took_VVD  all_DB  pleasure_NN  out_RP  of_IO  anger_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  fighting_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  life_NN  itself_PPX1  .  
  Durieux's_PPIO2  head_NN  went_VVD  down_RP  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  level_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  folded_VVD  up_RP  so_RG  fast_RR  that_CS  Rossi's_PPIO2  second_MD  blow_NN    a_AT1  right_JJ  cross_NN    landed_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  temple_NN  .  
  instead_RR  of_IO  breaking_VBG  Durieux's_PPIO2  jaw_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Rossi_NP  had_VHD  intended_VBN  it_PPH1  should_VM  ,_,  the_AT1  blow_NN  split_VVD  his_APP$  scalp_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  felled_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  as_CS  a_AT1  bullock_NN  is_VBZ  felled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  humane_JJ  killer_NN  .  
  his_APP$  head_NN  suddenly_RR  became_VVD  enormous_JJ  and_CC  empty_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  echoes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  blow_NN  rang_VVD  through_IO  his_APP$  brain_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  angelus_NN  bell_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  tower_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  blood_NN  move_VV0  stickily_RR  from_IO  his_APP$  split_JJ  scalp_NN  and_CC  trickle_VV0  down_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  all_DB  feelings_NNS  were_VBDR  at_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  
  then_RL  Durieux_NP  realized_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  having_VHG  such_DA  primitive_JJ  feeling_NN  as_IO  pain_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  still_RR  hear_VV0  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  sounding_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  ears_NNS  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  lights_NNS  behind_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  knotted_JJ  cramp_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  intestines_NNS  .  
  and_CC  Durieux_NP  became_VVD  intensely_RR  relieved_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  still_RR  experience_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  hits_VBZ  me_PPIO1  like_IO  that_DD1  again_RR  ,_,  thought_VVD  Durieux_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  undoubtedly_RR  kill_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  if_CS  by_IO  chance_NN  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  kill_VV0  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  crippled_VBN  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  fails_VBZ  to_TO  kill_VV0  or_CC  cripple_VV0  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  permanently_RR  disfigured_VBN  .  
  none_PN1  of_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  help_VV0  propagate_VV0  Marxist-Leninist_JJ  doctrines_NNS  .  
  therefore_RR  ,_,  Durieux_NP  continued_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  himself_PPX1  thinking_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  somehow_RR  save_VV0  myself_PPX1  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  is_VBZ  lie_VV0  still_JJ  and_CC  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  think_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  knocked_VBN  me_PPIO1  out_RP  .  
  if_CS  everyone_PN1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  Rossi_NP  has_VHZ  knocked_VBN  me_PPIO1  out_RP  they_PPHS2  will_VM  not_XX  expect_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  get_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  fight_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  fight_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  .  
  even_RR  the_AT1  best_JJT  boxers_NNS  get_VV0  themselves_PPX2  knocked_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  especially_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  lucky_JJ  blow_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  dishonour_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  struck_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  blow_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  shown_VBN  them_PPHO1  all_DB  that_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  afraid_JJ  of_IO  Rossi_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  disabled_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  foul_JJ  blow_NN  and_CC  knocked_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  lucky_JJ  blow_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  an_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  now_RL  earned_VBN  my_APP$  place_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  really_RR  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  knocked_VBN  out_RP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  only_RR  just_RR  coming_VBG  to_IO  my_APP$  senses_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  only_RR  now_RL  able_JJ  to_TO  think_VV0  clearly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  knocked_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  bear_VV0  Rossi_NP  no_AT1  ill-will_NN  .  
  the_AT1  fight_NN  is_VBZ  finished_VBN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  shamming_VBG  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  shagged_VBN  ,_,    said_VVD  someone_PN1  .  
    balls_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  playing_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  used_VVD  my_APP$  fists_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  fun_NN  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  fight_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  since_CS  I_PPIS1  fought_VVD  a_AT1  Viet_NN1  .    
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  Viet_NN1  ,_,    said_VVD  someone_PN1  else_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  commie_NN  .    
    Viet_NN1  or_CC  commie_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  beat_VV0  the_AT1  crap_NN  out_RP  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  teach_VV0  the_AT1  depot_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  us_PPIO2   commies_NNS  .    
    they_PPHS2  probably_RR  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  commie_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  someone_PN1  else_RR  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  bastards_NNS  infiltrate_VV0  .    
    they_PPHS2  'll_VM  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  commie_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  finished_VBN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  pain_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  side_NN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  flung_VBN  over_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  back_NN  .  
  the_AT1  kick_NN  had_VHD  landed_VBN  sickeningly_RR  just_RR  below_IO  his_APP$  ribs_NNS  .  
  Durieux_NP  was_VBDZ  relieved_JJ  that_CS  Rossi_NP  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  rubber-soled_JJ  jumping_NN  boots_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  steel-tipped_JJ  infantry_NN  issue_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  kick_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,    said_VVD  a_AT1  voice_NN  ,_,  Marechal's_PPIO2  voice_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  subversive_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  kick_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  death_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  congratulated_JJ  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  caught_VVD  him_PPHO1  encouraging_VBG  us_PPIO2   to_TO  read_VV0  left-wing_JB  journals_NNS  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  .  
  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  about_RP  to_TO  encourage_VV0  us_PPIO2   lads_NNS  to_TO  desert_VV0  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  bull_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    you_PPY  needled_VVD  him_PPHO1  until_CS  he_PPHO1  produced_VVD  his_APP$  party_NN  card_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  commie_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  smell_VV0  the_AT1  bastards_NNS  out_RP  as_RG  surely_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  smell_VV0  the_AT1  bogs_NNS  .    
    perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  an_AT1  ex-commie_NN  now_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  someone_PN1  .  
    it_PPH1  looks_VBZ  as_CS  though_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  him_PPHO1  in_RP  .    
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  firing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  flank_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  shamming_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  then_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  someone_PN1  else_RR  .  
    not_XX  everyone_PN1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  head_NN  as_RG  thick_JJ  as_IO  yours_PP$  ,_,  Rossi_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  hold_VV0  a_AT1  light_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  mug_NN  and_CC  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  moves_VBZ  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  could_VM  smell_VV0  the_AT1  brand_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  as_CS  Rossi_NP  approached_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  close_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  inhaled_VVD  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  smoke_NN  ,_,  and_CC  felt_VVD  the_AT1  heat_NN  glow_VV0  against_IO  his_APP$  eyelids_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  to_TO  groan_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  preliminary_NN  to_IO  feigning_VBG  a_AT1  return_NN  to_IO  consciousness_NN  .  
  Rossi_NP  kicked_VVD  him_PPHO1  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  mildly_RR  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  exploratory_JJ  kick_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  raised_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  slightly_RR  ,_,  let_VVD  it_PPH1  loll_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  and_CC  opened_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  Rossi_NP  threw_VVD  the_AT1  blazing_JJ  brand_NN  back_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  groaned_VVD  again_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  rolled_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  raised_VVD  himself_PPX1  on_IO  one_MC1  elbow_NN  .  
  the_AT1  recovery_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  ,_,  must_VM  be_VB0  very_RG  gradual_JJ  ;_;  otherwise_RR  Rossi_NP  might_VM  take_VV0  it_PPH1  as_IO  an_AT1  invitation_NN  to_TO  renew_VV0  the_AT1  fight_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  groaned_VVD  and_CC  sank_VVD  back_RP  again_RR  .  
    commies_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  crap_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  commie_NN  .    
  Marechal_NP  stood_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  where_CS Durieux_NP  lay_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  carrying_VBG  his_APP$  canteen_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Durieux_NP  .  
    drink_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  drink_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  mincing_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  poke_VV0  either_RR  .    
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  learn_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  both_DB2  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    and_CC  to_TO  fight_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_TO  learn_VV0  .    
  Durieux_NP  took_VVD  the_AT1  canteen_NN  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  drink_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  to_TO  lie_VV0  there_RL  drinking_VBG  would_VM  prolong_VV0  the_AT1  period_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  rise_VV0  .  
  so_RR  he_PPHO1  drank_VVD  slowly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  drinking_VBG  neat_JJ  pastis_NN  .  
  the_AT1  liquorice_NN  taste_NN  was_VBDZ  unmistakable_JJ  even_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  tasted_VBN  it_PPH1  before_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  spluttered_VVD  and_CC  coughed_VVD  as_CS  the_AT1  liquid_NN  ran_VVD  down_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN  and_CC  surged_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  stomach_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  felt_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  better_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  stuff_NN  is_VBZ  liquid_JJ  fire_NN  ,_,  thought_VVD  Durieux_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  like_IO  napalm_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  of_IO  napalm_NN  .  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  himself_PPX1  out_RP  of_IO  journalistic_JJ  habit_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  ,_,  or_CC  very_RG  little_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  for_IO  Rossi_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  himself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  that_DD1  bastard_NN  burn_VV0  .  
    go_VV0  easy_RR  with_IO  that_DD1  stuff_NN  ,_,  man_NN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  n't_XX  used_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  Marechal_NP  warning_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  do_VD0  him_PPHO1  good_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  may_VM  even_RR  put_VV0  some_DD  guts_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  miserable_JJ  little_JJ  sod_NN  .    
  accepting_VBG  this_DD1  as_IO  encouragement_NN  ,_,  Durieux_NP  took_VVD  another_DD1  long_JJ  drink_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  canteen_NN  before_IO  returning_VBG  it_PPH1  to_IO  Marechal_NP  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  directly_RR  at_IO  Rossi_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  forced_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  no_RR  longer_RRR  afraid_JJ  of_IO  Rossi_NP  .  
    shut_VV0  your_APP$  dirty_JJ  trap_NN  ,_,  Rossi_NP  ,_,  or_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  shut_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  .  
    want_VV0  some_DD  more_DA  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  smash_VV0  your_APP$  mug_NN  in_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Durieux_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  lurched_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  as_RG  suddenly_RR  sat_VVD  down_RP  again_RR  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  ground_NN  appeared_VVD  to_TO  rise_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  and_CC  became_VVD  conscious_JJ  of_IO  pain_NN  where_CS Rossi_NP  had_VHD  struck_VBN  the_AT1  blow_NN  .  
  Durieux_NP  fell_VVD  forward_RR  and_CC  was_VBDZ  violently_RR  sick_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  :_:  yellow_JJ  bile_NN  that_PNQS bubbled_VVD  and_CC  spluttered_VVD  .  
  everything_PN1  tasted_VVD  and_CC  stank_VVD  of_IO  aniseed_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  wiped_VBN  his_APP$  mouth_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  Durieux_NP  felt_VVD  much_RR  better_JJ  .  
    now_RL  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  finish_VV0  him_PPHO1  off_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    shut_VV0  up_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  beaten_VBN  up_RP  already_RR  .  
  leave_VV0  the_AT1  poor_JJ  bastard_NN  be_VB0  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  matter_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  man_NN  .  
  can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  find_VV0  anyone_PN1  of_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  weight_NN  to_TO  fight_VV0  .    
    are_VBR  you_PPY  looking_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  beneath_IO  your_APP$  blanket_NN  .    asked_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    why_CS else_RR  should_VM  anyone_PN1  want_VV0  to_TO  protect_VV0  a_AT1  commie_NN  from_IO  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  coming_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .    asked_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  had_VHD  at_RR  last_RR  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  staying_VBG  on_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  stars_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  African_JJ  night_NN  were_VBDR  duplicated_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
  the_AT1  pastis_NN  had_VHD  entered_VBN  his_APP$  blood_NN  stream_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  your_APP$  guts_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  tie_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  as_RG  pissed_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  Pole_NN1  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  lick_VV0  any_DD  man_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  stick_NN  ,_,    announced_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    except_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    Marechal_NP  reminded_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  lick_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  a_AT1  stand_NN  up_RP  and_CC  smash_NN  down_RP  fight_NN  ,_,    shouted_VVD  Rossi_NP  .  
    who_PNQS  cares_VBZ  about_IO  wrestling_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  care_VV0  ,_,  man_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  to_TO  wrestle_VV0  sometimes_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  you_PPY  both_DB2  ,_,    announced_VVD  Durieux_NP  ,_,  approaching_VBG  them_PPHO1  at_IO  a_AT1  stagger_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  too_RG  ambitious_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Marechal_NP  .  
    has_VHZ  anyone_PN1  got_VBN  some_DD  black_JJ  coffee_NN  .    
  someone_PN1  handed_VVD  over_RP  a_AT1  mug_NN  of_IO  black_JJ  coffee_NN  and_CC  Marechal_NP  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  Durieux_NP  .  
  Durieux_NP  spilled_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  coffee_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  uniform_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  mingled_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  stains_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  blood_NN  ,_,  now_RL  drying_VBG  out_RP  brown_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  merged_VVD  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  dapple-camouflage_JB  pattern_NN  .  a_AT1  night_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  firth_NN  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  MacGillivray_NP  .  
  Willie_NP  Moir_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  big-boned_JJ  ,_,  fresh_JJ  ,_,  sandy-haired_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  about_RR  twenty-five_MC  ,_,  with_IO  bushy_JJ  brows_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  ready_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  washing_VBG  himself_PPX1  at_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  after_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  spent_VBN  working_VBG  hard_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  wood_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  evening_NN  meal_NN  was_VBDZ  all_RR  ready_RR  hot_JJ  and_CC  steaming_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  there_RL  waiting_VBG  for_IO  Willie_NP  to_TO  join_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  whilst_CS  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  short_JJ  and_CC  tubby_JJ  ,_,  was_VBDZ  hovering_VBG  between_IO  the_AT1  oven_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  broody_JJ  hen_NN  ;_;  not_XX  quite_RR  clucking_VBG  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  dried_VVD  himself_PPX1  Willie_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  came_VVD  round_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  way_NN  home_NN1  .  
  Jimmy_NP  Fraser_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  fishing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  out_RP  later_RRR  on_RP  .    
    fishing_VBG  .    his_APP$  father_NN  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  fishing_VBG  in_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  .    
    why_CS d'_VD0  ye_PPY  not_XX  come_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   then_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  grand_JJ  night_NN  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  come_VV0  .    
    no'_XX  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  boats_NNS  .    
    were_VBDR  you_PPY  ever_RR  on_IO  one_MC1  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  many_DA  a_AT1  one_MC1  .  
  troopships_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  .  
  men_NNS  and_CC  horses_NNS  all_DB  together_RR    and_CC  comin'_VBG  home_NN1  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  done_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  them_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  .    
    ach_UH  ,_,  be_VB0  quiet_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  different_JJ  altogether_RR  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  na'_XX  get_VV0  a_AT1  goat_NN  on_IO  Jimmy's_PPIO2  boat_NN  ,_,  never_RR  mind_VV0  a_AT1  horse_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  be_VB0  fine_JJ  and_CC  quiet_JJ  ,_,  oot_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  firth_NN  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  maybe_RR  quiet_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quiet_JJ  enough_RGA  here_RL  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  no'_XX  going_VBG  .  
  come_VV0  and_CC  get_VV0  your_APP$  tea_NN  before_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  cold_JJ  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  .  
  sit_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  Willie_NP  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  hungry_JJ  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,  out_RP  all_DB  day_NN  .  
  sit_VV0  in_RP  ,_,    said_VVD  his_APP$  mother_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  ken_VV0  one_MC1  fish_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  father_NN  .  
    except_IO  maybe_RR  a_AT1  salmon_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  spelding_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  a'_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  like_VV0  fish_NNS  .  
  or_CC  a_AT1  herring_NN  .    
    a_AT1  spelding_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  haddie_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  smoked_VBN  .    
    maybe_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  what_DDQ  time_NN  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  wi'_IO  Jimmy_NP  .    
    aboot_IO  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  tide_NN  .    
    h'm_UH  .  
  an'_CC  what_DDQ  time_NN  will_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  home_NN1  .    
    in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  about_RR  nine_MC  o'clock_RR  maybe_RR  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  aboot_IO  your_APP$  work_NN  .    
    ach_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Saturday_NN1  .  
  surely_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  Saturday_NN1  morning_NN  once_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no'_XX  much_DA  ;_;  only_RR  a_AT1  half_DB  holiday_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  half_DB  day_NN  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  na_XX  do_VD0  if_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  taking_VBG  half_DB  days_NNS  .    
    ach_UH  ,_,  be_VB0  quate_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  Sooth_NP  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  work_VV0  on_IO  any_DD  Saturdays_NN2  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  all_RR  right_RR  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  kind_NN  o'_IO  them_PPHO1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  shoot_VV0  the_AT1  half_NN  o'_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  kind_NN  o'_IO  an_AT1  engine_NN  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  boatie_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  diesel_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    very_RG  good_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  goes_VBZ  .  
  has_VHZ  na_XX  quite_RR  got_VBN  the_AT1  hang_NN  o'_IO  it_PPH1  yet_RR  .    
    watch_VV0  yoursel'_PPX1  then_RL  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  goin'_VBG  to_IO  America_NP  or_CC  something_PN1  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  maybe_RR  be_VB0  sick_JJ  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .  
  can_VM  you_PPY  swim_VV0  .    
    all_DB  commandos_NNS  can_VM  swim_VV0  ,_,    said_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  no'_XX  swimming_VBG  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  too_RG  cold_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  flask_NN  o'_IO  tea_NN  wi'_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Mam_NNSB1  ,_,  and_CC  a_DA  few_DA  sandwiches_NNS  .    
    all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  boy_NN  ,_,  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  ready_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  at_IO  nine_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  will_VM  that_DD1  do_VD0  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  fine_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  in_RP  for_IO  them_PPHO1  then_RL  .    
  big_JJ  Charlie_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  father_NN  ,_,  took_VVD  a_AT1  turn_NN  outside_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  calm_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  summer_NN  evening_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hills_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  Ben_NP  Wyvis_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  stood_VVD  clear_JJ  and_CC  near_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  occasionally_RR  hear_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  washing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  those_DD2  other_DA  hot_JJ  sandy_JJ  beaches_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  warm_JJ  middle_JB  sea_NN  ,_,  so_RG  many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  Willie_NP  collected_VVD  his_APP$  food_NN  parcel_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  ,_,  going_VBG  in_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  fishertown_NN  .  
  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  people_NNS  were_VBDR  gossiping_VBG  at_IO  gable_NN  corners_NNS  in_IO  twos_MC2  or_CC  threes_MC2  ,_,  mostly_RR  short_JJ  round_JJ  folk_NNS  ,_,  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  men_NNS  with_IO  layers_NNS  of_IO  jerseys_NNS  and_CC  clean_JJ  flat_JJ  caps_NNS  .  
  Jimmy_NP  Fraser_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fisherman_NN  .  
  fresh_JJ  ,_,  wrinkly-faced_JJ  ,_,  clean-shaven_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  good_JJ  natured_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  boat_NN  Magda_NP  ,_,  and_CC  called_VVD  to_IO  Willie_NP  ,_,  
    that_DD1  you_PPY  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  stop_VV0  there_RL  till_CS  I_PPIS1  start_VV0  the_AT1  diesel_NN  ,_,  then_RL  bring_VV0  in_RP  the_AT1  lines_NNS  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  away_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  disappeared_VVD  down_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  hatch_NN  and_CC  Willie_NP  could_VM  hear_VV0  him_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  engine_NN  .  
  Jimmy_NP  came_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  into_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  wheelhouse_NN  ,_,  waving_VBG  Willie_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  aboard_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  mooring_NN  lines_NNS  ;_;  then_RL  he_PPHO1  gently_RR  edged_VVD  the_AT1  nose_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  craft_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  still_JJ  harbour_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  firth_NN  .  
    just_RR  the_AT1  two_MC  o'_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  Jimmy_NP  .    asked_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    ay_UH  ,_,  ay_UH  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no'_XX  much_DA  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  just_RR  a_DA  few_DA  lines_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  manage_VV0  fine_RR  .  
  mind_VV0  your_APP$  feet_NNS  when_CS we_PPIS2  get_VV0  outside_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  maybe_RR  lift_VV0  .    
  as_CS  the_AT1  evening_NN  spent_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  grew_VVD  less_DA  and_CC  the_AT1  firth_NN  turned_VVD  dark_JJ  grey_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  breeze_NN  blowing_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  tide_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  lop_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  surface_NN  ,_,  so_CS  when_CS Magda_NP  left_VVD  the_AT1  shelter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  her_APP$  bow_NN  lifted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  lop_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  heeled_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  push_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  breeze_NN  .  
  Jimmy_NP  increased_VVD  his_APP$  speed_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  exhaust_NN  beat_NN  hardened_VVD  ,_,  though_CS  still_RR  not_XX  fast_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  ,_,  heading_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  darkening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bows_NNS  set_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  rolling_JJ  lift_NN  and_CC  fall_NN  ,_,  slight_JJ  and_CC  regular_JJ  .  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  do_VD0  six_MC  or_CC  seven_MC  knots_NNS  ,_,  dependin'_VBG  ,_,    said_VVD  Jimmy_NP  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  no'_XX  just_RR  right_JJ  this_DD1  last_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  great_JJ  hurry_NN  .    
    can_VM  I_PPIS1  no'_XX  steer_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    asked_VVD  Willie_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  manage_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  way_NN  are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  .    
    ay_UH  ,_,  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  here_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  show_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  a_AT1  droppie_NN  tea_NN  .  
  gie_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  call_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  see_VV0  anything_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  below_II  and_CC  Willie_NP  had_VHD  the_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boat_NN  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  as_CS  Magda_NP  chugged_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  he_PPHO1  constantly_RR  glanced_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  tell-tale_JB  compass_NN  .  
  sky_NN  had_VHD  merged_VBN  with_IO  black_JJ  sea_NN  all_RR  ahead_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  away_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  north-west_NN1  ,_,  on_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  yet_RR  so_RG  black_JJ  dark_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  occasional_JJ  light_NN  blinked_VVD  or_CC  flashed_VVD  over_RP  there_RL  .  
    Tarbat_NP  Ness_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  .  
    or_CC  maybe_RR  the_AT1  Sutors_NP2  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  startled_JJ  when_CS Jimmy's_PPIO2  voice_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  
    here_RL  y'_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  tea_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  while_CS  you_PPY  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cabin_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  sit_VV0  below_II  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  have_VH0  it_PPH1  up_RP  here_RL  ,_,  Jim_NP  .    
  Willie_NP  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  hot_JJ  sweet_JJ  tea_NN  ,_,  standing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cool_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  ,_,  leaning_VBG  against_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  and_CC  taking_VBG  his_APP$  ease_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  near_IO  twelve_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  Jimmy_NP    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    when_CS will_VM  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  lines_NNS  .    
    aboot_IO  two_MC  ,_,  boy_NN  ;_;  near_IO  the_AT1  slack_NN  o'_IO  the_AT1  tide_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  the_AT1  first_MD  o'_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  for_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  again_RR  .    
    aye_UH  ,_,  Jim_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  you_PPY  get_VV0  your_APP$  tea_NN  .  **"_**'  
  Willie_NP  leant_VVD  slightly_RR  forward_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  conned_VVD  the_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,  peering_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  lurch_NN  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  forward_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  spokes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  drove_VVD  blunt_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  pit_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  stomach_NN  ,_,  stealing_VBG  his_APP$  wind_NN  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  Magda's_PPIO2  bow_NN  strike_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  thump_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  diesel_NN  missed_VVD  a_AT1  beat_NN  ;_;  before_CS  it_PPH1  regained_VVD  its_APP$  regular_JJ  chug_NN  Jimmy_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  deck_NN  ,_,  running_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  ,_,  stumbling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  Wull_NP  .    he_PPHO1  shouted_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  ha'_VH0  we_PPIS2  struck_VBN  .    
  Willie_NP  gasped_VVD  deep_RR  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  recover_VV0  his_APP$  breath_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n'_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  Jim_NP  .  
  never_RR  saw_VVD  a_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  dam'_JJ  tree_NN  .  
  gie_VV0  's_PPIO2   a_AT1  han'_NN  to_TO  shift_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  man_NN  .  
  wait_VV0  you_PPY  till_CS  I_PPIS1  put_VV0  the_AT1  diesel_NN  oot_RP  o'_IO  gear_NN  .    
  the_AT1  engine_NN  idled_VVD  easily_RR  ,_,  relieved_VBN  of_IO  its_APP$  load_NN  ,_,  and_CC  together_RR  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  forward_RR  where_CS Jimmy's_PPIO2  torch_NN  revealed_VVD  the_AT1  tree_NN  with_IO  some_DD  branches_NNS  reaching_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  ,_,  still_JJ  across_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  ,_,  held_VBN  there_RL  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  n't_XX  quite_RR  stopped_VBN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  doon_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  hills_NNS  wi'_IO  the_AT1  storms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  floods_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Jimmy_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  back_VV0  her_PPHO1  away_RP  from_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  push_VV0  wi'_IO  this_DD1  boathook_NN  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  take_VV0  care_VV0  an'_CC  no'_XX  lose_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Willie_NP  pushed_VVD  as_CS  best_RBT  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS the_AT1  engine_NN  ground_VVD  the_AT1  boat_NN  astern_RR  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  free_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  tree_NN  and_CC  Jimmy_NP  released_VVD  the_AT1  engine_NN  again_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  dunt_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  has_VHZ  it_PPH1  sprung_VBN  the_AT1  stem_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  below_II  into_IO  the_AT1  hold_NN  ,_,  shining_VBG  his_APP$  torch_NN  .  
    looks_VBZ  a'right_RR  ,_,  Wull_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
    just_RR  a_AT1  bit_NN  o'_IO  a_AT1  weep_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  a'right_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  force_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  before_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  gleam_NN  had_VHD  showed_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  north-east_NN1  sky_NN  Jimmy_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  wheel_NN  and_CC  set_VBN  Magda_NP  more_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  ,_,  easing_VBG  her_PPHO1  along_RP  as_CS  the_AT1  dawn_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  screwed_VBN  nearly_RR  closed_VBN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  searched_VVD  ahead_RR  ,_,  to_IO  right_NN  and_CC  to_IO  left_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  always_RR  he_PPHO1  sniffed_VVD  .  
  then_RL  
    ay_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  there_RL  ,_,  boy_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  buoy_NN  .  
  bring_VV0  over_RP  that_DD1  bait_NN  ,_,  Wull_NP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  baskets_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  bow_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  cut_VBN  the_AT1  engine_NN  to_IO  idling_NN  speed_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  boat_NN  was_VBDZ  losing_VBG  way_NN  ,_,  coming_VBG  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fishing_NN  buoy_NN  dead_RR  slow_RR  .  
  Jim_NP  had_VHD  explained_VBN  the_AT1  job_NN  to_IO  Willie_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  lift_VV0  each_DD1  line_NN  and_CC  rebait_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  taking_VBG  aboard_RP  any_DD  catch_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  the_AT1  hooks_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  busy_JJ  job_NN  because_CS  Magda_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  watched_VBN  and_CC  guided_VBN  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  and_CC  Jim_NP  knew_VVD  how_CS best_RBT  to_TO  do_VD0  this_DD1  .  
    see_VV0  and_CC  mind_VV0  your_APP$  fingers_NNS  wi'_IO  the_AT1  hooks_NNS  ,_,  Wull_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  had_VHD  bare_JJ  hooks_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  hauled_VBN  aboard_RP  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  bait_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  taken_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  fish_NNS  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  were_VBDR  fishes_NNS  on_IO  some_DD  and_CC  these_DD2  flopped_VVD  and_CC  slithered_VVD  about_RP  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  nearly_RR  filled_VBN  their_APP$  second_MD  box_NN  of_IO  fish_NNS  when_CS Jim_NP  called_VVD  a_AT1  halt_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  near_IO  hand_NN  six_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  boy_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  more_DA  tea_NN  ,_,  will_VM  we_PPIS2  .  
  then_RL  we_PPIS2  can_VM  work_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  away_RP  home_NN1  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  wind_NN  coming_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  south-west_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  work_VV0  fast_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  edging_VBG  Magda_NP  across_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  further_JB  lines_NNS  whilst_CS  they_PPHS2  ate_VVD  their_APP$  bite_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  fresh_JJ  cold_JJ  morning_NN  air_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  no'_XX  just_RR  right_JJ  ,_,  man_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    kin'_NN  o'_IO  grinding_VBG  a'_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,      oh_UH  ,_,  damn_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  that_DD1  now_RL  .    as_CS  the_AT1  engine_NN  laboured_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
    something_PN1  wrong_JJ  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  Jimmy_NP  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  .    
  Jimmy_NP  put_VVD  the_AT1  engine_NN  out_RP  of_IO  gear_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  it_PPH1  over_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  starting_NN  handle_NN  .  
    the_AT1  engine_NN  's_VBZ  free_JJ  enough_RGA  ;_;  wonder_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  the_AT1  shaft_NN  .  
  maybe_RR  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  caught_VBN  up_RP  my_APP$  headrope_NN  .    
    how_CS can_VM  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  ,_,  Jim_NP  .    
    from_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  boat_NN  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  put_VV0  her_PPHO1  over_RP  .  
  make_VV0  fast_JJ  that_DD1  line_NN  ,_,  so_CS  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  no'_XX  lose_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  together_RR  they_PPHS2  lifted_VVD  the_AT1  small_JJ  boat_NN  overside_RR  ,_,  near_IO  Magda's_PPIO2  stern_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Jimmy_NP  crouched_VVD  down_RP  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  searching_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  propellor_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  na_XX  see_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Wull_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  grey_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  na_XX  see_VV0  clear_RR  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  swim_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  doon_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  no'_XX  wanting_VBG  to_TO  wait_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  Jim_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  in_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  damn_RR  cold_JJ  ,_,  though_RR  .    
    will_VM  you_PPY  manage_VV0  ,_,  boy_NN  .    
    fine_JJ  that_DD1  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
    just_RR  see_VV0  is_VBZ  there_EX  a_AT1  rope_NN  or_CC  something_PN1  holding_VBG  the_AT1  propellor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  take_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  .  
  cut_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    better_RRR  get_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  knife_NN  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  tie_VV0  a_AT1  string_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Willie_NP  stripped_VVD  naked_JJ  and_CC  stepped_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  boat_NN  ,_,  shivering_VBG  .  
  Jim_NP  followed_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  opened_JJ  gully_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  long_JJ  string_NN  tied_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  handle_NN  .  
    have_VH0  a_AT1  look_NN  first_RR  ,_,  Wull_NP  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  work_VV0  fast_RR  .  
  the_AT1  water_NN  's_VBZ  cold_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  ken_VV0  fine_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  cold_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  here_RL  goes_VBZ  ,_,    and_CC  Willie_NP  eased_VVD  himself_PPX1  overside_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
    hoo_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  wheezed_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  holding_VBG  his_APP$  nose_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  kicked_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  downhill_RR  .  
  in_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  minute_NN  he_PPHO1  surfaced_VVD  .  
    losh_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  cold_JJ  .  
  gie_VV0  's_PPIO2   the_AT1  knife_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  rope_NN  tight_RR  wound_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  propellor_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  boat_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  cut_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  dived_VVD  again_RR  and_CC  stayed_VVD  under_RP  for_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  bobbing_VBG  up_RP  blowing_VBG  and_CC  wheezing_VBG  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  tight_JJ  and_CC  tough_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  teeth_NNS  chattering_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  several_DA  times_NNS  he_PPHO1  dived_VVD  .  
  Jimmy_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  worry_VV0  because_CS  Willy_NP  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  wearying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  north_NN1  water_NN  .  
    this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  Jim_NP  .  
  finish_VV0  this_DD1  time_NN  .    
  when_CS next_RR  he_PPHO1  surfaced_VVD  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  up_RP  an_AT1  arm_NN  ,_,  holding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  boat_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
    gie_VV0  's_PPIO2   han'_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  panted_VVD  .  
  Jimmy_NP  hauled_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  ,_,  then_RL  on_IO  a_AT1  leg_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Willie_NP  rolled_VVD  exhausted_JJ  into_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  done_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  ,_,  breathing_VBG  deep_RR  and_CC  shivering_VBG  violently_RR  .  
    oot_RP  o'_IO  here_RL  ,_,  Wull_NP  ,_,  man_NN  .  
  back_RP  aboard_RP  and_CC  get_VV0  dry_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  your_APP$  death_NN  ,_,    ordered_VVD  Jim_NP  .  vendetta_NN  !_!  
  by_IO  Brian_NP  Cleeve_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  faced_VVD  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  the_AT1  lamplit_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  hands_NNS  pale_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  black_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  dress_NN  ,_,  clasped_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  would_VM  say_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  of_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  answer_VV0  .  
    tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  really_RR  happened_VVD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    how_CS did_VDD  your_APP$  father_NN  die_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  hands_NNS  twist_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  fingers_NNS  clench_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  effort_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  the_AT1  words_NNS  in_RP  .  
    was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  killed_VBN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  pressed_VVD  its_APP$  knuckles_NNS  against_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  breathed_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  killed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  towards_IO  the_AT1  deep_JJ  ,_,  narrow_JJ  window_NN  that_PNQS looked_VVD  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Mount_NNL1  Tamborene_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  moon_NN  yet_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  stars_NNS  were_VBDR  heavy_JJ  as_IO  gold_NN  coins_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  Italian_JJ  sky_NN  .  
    and_CC  your_APP$  brother_NN  .  
  Silvio_NP  .    
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  bitterness_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  carrying_VBG  on_RP  the_AT1  vendetta_NN  .  
  like_IO  a_AT1  hero_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  times_NNS  .    
  she_PPHO1  leant_VVD  her_APP$  forehead_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  cool_JJ  plaster_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  ,_,  beside_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  up_RP  there_RL  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  .  
  stealing_VBG  their_APP$  sheep_NNS  .  
  burning_VBG  their_APP$  shepherds'_NN2  huts_NNS  .  
  while_CS  we_PPIS2  stay_VV0  here_RL  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  crying_VBG  now_RL  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  despair_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  worse_JJ  than_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  screamed_VBN  aloud_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  to_TO  touch_VV0  her_PPHO1  :_:  afraid_JJ  of_IO  many_DA  things_NNS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  most_RBT  of_IO  all_DB  to_TO  wake_VV0  the_AT1  thing_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  forget_VV0  after_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  years_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  since_CS  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  this_DD1  house_NN  .  
  seven_MC  years_NNS  .  
  seven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  stealing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  night_NN  as_RG  dark_JJ  as_IO  this_DD1  .  
  running_VBG  away_RP  ,_,  a_AT1  boy's_NN1$  dream_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  fortune_NN  ,_,  to_TO  dazzle_VV0  this_DD1  family_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  taken_VBN  him_PPHO1  in_RP  as_IO  an_AT1  orphan_NN  ,_,  saved_VBN  his_APP$  life_NN    and_CC  exacted_VBN  the_AT1  fullest_JJT  price_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  could_VM  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  seven_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  wartime_NN  flotsam_NN  cast_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  Calabrian_JJ  valley_NN  from_IO  God_NP  knew_VVD  where_CS .  
  starving_VBG  ,_,  remembering_VBG  nothing_PN1  but_IO  his_APP$  name_NN  ,_,  Ettore_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  mind-picture_NN  of_IO  buildings_NNS  lit_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  fantastic_JJ  glare_NN  ,_,  tumbling_VBG  ,_,  falling_VBG  ,_,  while_CS  a_AT1  woman_NN  screamed_VVD  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  Feltri_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  richest_JJT  family_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  valley_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  let_VBN  him_PPHO1  sleep_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  yard_NN  ,_,  and_CC  fed_VBN  him_PPHO1  scraps_NNS  in_IO  return_NN  for_IO  work_NN  ;_;  drawing_VBG  water_NN  ,_,  minding_VBG  the_AT1  goats_NNS  and_CC  chickens_NNS  ,_,  seeing_VBG  that_CS  this_DD1  girl_NN  beside_IO  him_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  stray_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  courtyard_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  five_MC  then_RL  ,_,  small_JJ  and_CC  dark_JJ  and_CC  supple_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  kitten_NN  ;_;  running_VBG  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  laughing_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  hiding_VBG  ,_,  while_CS  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  after_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  despair_NN  ,_,  calling_VBG      Ginevra_NP  ,_,  Ginevra_NP  ,_,    terrified_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  beaten_VBN  or_CC  left_VBN  without_IO  food_NN  for_IO  not_XX  minding_VBG  her_PPHO1  properly_RR  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  Silvio_NP  too_RR  ,_,  almost_RR  his_APP$  own_DA  age_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  already_RR  a_AT1  young_JJ  prince_NN  ,_,  slender_JJ  and_CC  arrogant_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  Silvio_NP  who_PNQS gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  new_JJ  name_NN  ,_,  Orfano_NP  .  
  Ettore_NP  the_AT1  orphan_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  sullen_JJ  pride_NN  .  
  but_IO  for_II  that_DD1  name_NN  he_PPHO1  might_VM  truly_RR  have_VH0  become_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  kind_JJ  enough_RGA  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  understood_VVD  what_DDQ  kindness_NN  was_VBDZ  .  
  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  year_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  beat_VV0  him_PPHO1  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  place_NN  in_IO  life_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  their_APP$  dogs_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  shepherds_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  women_NNS  who_PNQS worked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  peasants_NNS  who_PNQS worked_VVD  on_IO  their_APP$  olive_NN  terraces_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  belonged_VVD  to_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  to_IO  their_APP$  faction_NN  ,_,  opposing_VBG  the_AT1  other_DA  faction_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  of_IO  the_AT1  Crespi_NP  ,_,  bitter_JJ  enemies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Feltri_NP  for_IO  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  years_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  grown_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  like_IO  Silvio's_PPIO2  true_JJ  brother_NN  ,_,  or_CC  cousin_NN  ,_,  but_IO  for_II  that_DD1  name_NN  ,_,  Orfano_NP  .  
  the_AT1  children_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  shrieked_VVD  it_PPH1  after_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,    the_AT1  orphan_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  orphan_NN  !_!    
  sometimes_RR  at_IO  night_NN  he_PPHO1  prayed_VVD  ,_,  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  wake_VV0  up_RP  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  remember_VV0  my_APP$  real_JJ  name_NN  .    
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  never_RR  did_VDD  .  
  only_RR  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  falling_VBG  ,_,  burning_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  woman_NN  screaming_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  person_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  close_RR  to_IO  was_VBDZ  Ginevra_NP  ;_;  protecting_VBG  her_PPHO1  from_IO  her_APP$  brother_NN  ;_;  bringing_VBG  her_PPHO1  new-born_JJ  chicks_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  cap_NN  for_IO  an_AT1  Easter_NP  gift_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  pretended_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  that_CS  both_DB2  she_PPHO1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  orphans_NNS  ;_;  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  brother_NN  and_CC  sister_NN  ,_,  not_XX  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Silvio_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  love_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  his_APP$  whole_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  one_MC1  .  .  
  until_CS  quite_RR  suddenly_RR  ,_,  between_IO  one_MC1  day_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  next_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  become_VBN  a_AT1  different_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  love_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  held_VBN  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  inside_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  half_RR  ecstasy_NN  ,_,  half_RR  terror_NN  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  pleasure_NN  so_RG  unbearable_JJ  that_CS  it_PPH1  becomes_VBZ  agony_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  evening_NN  ,_,  when_CS both_DB2  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  drawing_VBG  water_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  well_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  ;_;  had_VHD  taken_VBN  her_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  held_VBN  them_PPHO1  against_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  drawn_VBN  her_PPHO1  close_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  so_RG  close_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  breath_NN  against_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  .  .  
    Ettore_NP  .    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  breathed_VBN  ,_,  afraid_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  stirring_VBG  in_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
    Ettore_NP  .  .    
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  kissed_VBN  her_PPHO1  ;_;  not_XX  wanting_VBG  to_TO  ,_,  holding_VBG  himself_PPX1  back_RP  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sacrilege_NN  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  drawn_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  really_RR  kissed_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  drunkenness_NN  ,_,  like_IO  falling_VBG  ,_,  like_IO  fire_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  leaned_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  well_NN  ,_,  sick_JJ  and_CC  dizzy_JJ  ,_,  hardly_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  .  
  but_CCB  her_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  seen_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  shouting_VBG  curses_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knocked_VVD  Ettore_NP  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  and_CC  beat_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  harness_NN  strap_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  barely_RR  conscious_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  night_NN  Ettore_NP  ran_VVD  away_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  being_VBG  allowed_VBN  even_RR  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  Ginevra_NP  again_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  fortune_NN  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  motor_NN  car_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sack_NN  of_IO  gold_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  pour_VV0  the_AT1  gold_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  kitchen_NN  table_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  told_VVD  them_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  to_TO  marry_VV0  Ginevra_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  on_IO  their_APP$  knees_NNS  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  gratitude_NN  .  
  but_CCB  that_DD1  dream_NN  had_VHD  faded_VBN  very_RG  soon_RR  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  begged_VVD  his_APP$  way_NN  north_NN1  ,_,  picking_VBG  up_RP  what_DDQ  work_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  in_IO  Rome_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Bologna_NP  ,_,  in_IO  Milan_NP  ,_,  Turin_NP  .  
  until_CS  eventually_RR  in_IO  Turin_NP  the_AT1  police_NNS  picked_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  vagabond_NN  ,_,  found_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  for_IO  his_APP$  military_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  shipped_VVD  him_PPHO1  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  barracks_NNS  instead_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  gaol_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thrived_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  soldier_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  drafted_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  engineers_NNS  ,_,  showed_VVD  promise_NN  and_CC  intelligence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  trained_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  surveyor_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  finished_VVD  his_APP$  service_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  officers_NNS  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  job_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  road_NN  construction_NN  company_NN  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  Alps_NP2  .  
  Calabria_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  Feltri_NP    even_RR  Ginevra_NP    seemed_VVD  to_TO  belong_VV0  to_IO  another_DD1  world_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  do_VD0  him_PPHO1  no_AT1  good_NN  to_TO  carry_VV0  useless_JJ  regret_NN  through_IO  life_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  never_RR  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  construction_NN  company_NN  was_VBDZ  granted_VBN  a_AT1  contract_NN  in_IO  Calabria_NP  .  
  Ettore_NP  Orfano_NP  was_VBDZ  assigned_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  because_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  dialect_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  workmen_NNS  .  
  and_CC  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  within_IO  twenty_MC  miles_NNS  of_IO  Tamborene_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  house_NN  which_DDQ  for_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  his_APP$  home_NN1  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  he_PPHO1  debated_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  whether_CS  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  then_RL  whether_CS  to_TO  write_VV0  first_RR  ,_,  or_CC  simply_RR  to_TO  arrive_VV0  .  
  finally_RR  he_PPHO1  compromised_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  week's_NN1$  leave_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  simply_RR  wrote_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  followed_VVD  his_APP$  letter_NN  so_RG  closely_RR  that_CS  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  the_AT1  hour-long_JB  journey_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  trying_VBG  over_RP  a_AT1  dozen_MC  different_JJ  speeches_NNS  for_IO  his_APP$  arrival_NN  ,_,  wondering_VBG  how_CS they_PPHS2  would_VM  receive_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  nursing_VBG  the_AT1  little_JJ  pile_NN  of_IO  gifts_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  lap_NN  :_:  a_AT1  pipe_NN  for_IO  Giovanni_NP  Feltri_NP  ;_;  silk_NN  scarves_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  cheroots_NNS  for_IO  Silvio_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  half-eager_JJ  to_TO  walk_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  kitchen_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  smoke-blackened_JJ  timbers_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  huge_JJ  table_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  massive_JJ  chairs_NNS  and_CC  cavernous_JJ  hearth_NN  ;_;  to_TO  show_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  his_APP$  suit_NN  from_IO  Milan_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  town_NN  shoes_NNS  ;_;  to_TO  show_VV0  them_PPHO1  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  ;_;  a_AT1  man_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  rungs_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  skilled_JJ  professional_JJ  career_NN  ,_,  educated_VBN  ,_,  self-assured_JJ  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  also_RR  half-afraid_JJ  .  
  of_IO  what_DDQ  .  
  nothing_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  clamour_NN  of_IO  welcome_NN  .  
  even_RR  old_JJ  Giovanni_NP  would_VM  welcome_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  cuffs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  beatings_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  brutalities_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  quarrel_NN  forgotten_VBN  .  
  Ginevra_NP  would_VM  surely_RR  be_VB0  married_VBN  now_RL  .  
  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  children_NNS  .  
  would_VM  she_PPHO1  have_VH0  called_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  Ettore_NP  .  
  whom_WPOI  would_VM  she_PPHO1  have_VH0  married_VBN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Crespi_NP  .  
  not_XX  very_RG  likely_JJ  .  
  and_CC  yet_RR  who_PNQS  else_RR  had_VHN  there_EX  been_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  marry_VV0  .  
  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  healed_VBN  the_AT1  century-old_JB  vendetta_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  families_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  pleased_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bus_NN  hammered_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  passenger_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  down_RP  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  men_NNS  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  opposite_II  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  half-dark_JJ  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  recognized_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  very_RG  quickly_RR  up_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  lane_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  wide_JJ  ,_,  double_JJ  doors_NNS  set_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  fortress-thickness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  courtyard_NN  wall_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  beating_VBG  fast_RR  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  mouth_NN  was_VBDZ  dry_JJ  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  old_JJ  footsteps_NNS  shuffling_VBG  across_IO  the_AT1  courtyard_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  old_JJ  voice_NN  grumbling_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  leaf_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  door_NN  swinging_VBG  open_JJ  with_IO  a_AT1  whine_NN  of_IO  hinges_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  recognized_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  servants_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  there_RL  in_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  :_:  Franca_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  old_JJ  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  seemed_VVD  no_RR  older_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  as_RG  thin_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  stick_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  widow's_NN1$  black_NN  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  worn_VBN  for_IO  forty_MC  years_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    Franca_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  me_PPIO1  .  
  Ettore_NP  Orfano_NP  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  remember_VV0  .    
    madonna_&FW  mia_&FW  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    Ettore_NP  .  .    
  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  back_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  as_CS  if_CS  possessed_JJ  ,_,  shrieking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,  
    Ettore_NP  Orfano_NP  ,_,  little_JJ  Ettore_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  come_VBN  back_RP  !_!  
  Ginevra_NP  ,_,  Signora_NNSB1  Angela_NP  .  Maria_NP  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  laughing_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  scarcely_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  breathe_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  thudding_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tightness_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  throat_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  grown_VBN  very_RG  tall_JJ  and_CC  slender_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  face_NN  ivory_NN  pale_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  dark_JJ  eyebrows_NNS  frowning_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  among_IO  the_AT1  shadows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  courtyard_NN  .  
  until_CS  suddenly_RR  her_APP$  hand_NN  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  lighting_VBG  ,_,  her_APP$  remembered_JJ  voice_NN  saying_VBG  ,_,  
    Ettore_NP  !_!  
  welcome_UH  !_!  
  welcome_UH  !_!  
  welcome_UH  home_NN1  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  from_IO  head_NN  to_IO  foot_NN  ,_,  while_CS  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  felt_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  rings_NNS  she_PPHO1  wore_VVD  .  
  no_AT1  wedding_NN  ring_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  absurdly_RR  glad_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  angry_JJ  with_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  he_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  black_NN  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  mourning_NN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  already_RR  drawing_VBG  him_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
    for_IO  my_APP$  father_NN    ,_,  Ginevra_NP  said_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  died_VVD  a_AT1  month_NN  ago_RR  .  
  a_AT1  fall_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  mountain_NN  .    
    may_VM  God_NP  rest_VV0  his_APP$  soul_NN  ,_,    Ettore_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  very_RG  sorry_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  come_VBN      
  from_IO  inside_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  ,_,  Ginevra's_PPIO2  mother_NN  caught_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  words_NNS  ,_,  grasped_VVD  his_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  at_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  rebuke_NN  .  
    would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  come_VBN  .    she_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  kept_VBN  us_PPIO2   waiting_VBG  too_RG  long_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .  
  how_CS long_RR  will_VM  you_PPY  stay_VV0  .  
  where_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  .  oh_UH  ,_,  how_CS fine_JJ  you_PPY  have_VH0  grown_VBN  ,_,  how_CS tall_JJ  !_!  
  eh_UH  ,_,  Ginevra_NP    eh_UH  ,_,  Maria_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  remember_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  ;_;  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  glad_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  changed_VBN  ,_,  Ettore_NP  saw_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  days_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  harsh_JJ  and_CC  stiff_JJ  ;_;  afraid_JJ  of_IO  her_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  yet_RR  arrogantly_RR  proud_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  husband_NN  strong_JJ  and_CC  fierce_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  afraid_JJ  .  
  now_RL  all_DB  that_DD1  seemed_VVD  gone_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  shrunk_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  lost_VBN  all_DB  the_AT1  certainties_NNS  that_PNQS once_RR  held_VVD  her_PPHO1  upright_JJ  .  
    and_CC  Silvio_NP  .    Ettore_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  round_RP  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  silence_NN  fell_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  Ginevra_NP  looked_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  avoiding_VBG  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  away_RP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  immediately_RR  began_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  bustle_NN  of_IO  laying_VBG  a_AT1  place_NN  for_IO  Ettore_NP  ,_,  of_IO  giving_VBG  orders_NNS  to_IO  Maria_NP  the_AT1  cook_NN  ,_,  of_IO  fetching_VBG  wine_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  mentioned_VVD  Silvio_NP  again_RR  all_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS Ettore_NP  asked_VVD  exactly_RR  how_CS old_JJ  Giovanni_NP  had_VHD  died_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  silence_NN  fell_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  things_NNS  about_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  that_PNQS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  unwilling_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  ,_,  or_CC  that_PNQS made_VVD  them_PPHO1  afraid_JJ  .  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  .  
  by_IO  Nigel_NP  Morland_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  haunted_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  income-tax_NN  man_NN    and_CC  she_PPHO1  by_IO  desire_NN  .  
  the_AT1  years_NNS  have_VH0  passed_VBN  at_IO  times_NNS  like_IO  beads_NNS  told_VBN  by_IO  ancient_JJ  fumbling_JJ  fingers_NNS  ;_;  in_IO  other_DA  moods_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  seen_VBN  those_DD2  years_NNS  race_VV0  ,_,  tearing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  uncertain_JJ  grasp_NN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  time_NN  laughing_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  but_CCB  time_NN  in_IO  its_APP$  flight_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  pity_NN  ,_,  nor_CC  have_VH0  the_AT1  skies_NNS  mercy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  flee_VV0  my_APP$  twin_NN  devils_NNS  only_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  them_PPHO1  running_VBG  at_IO  my_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  pacing_VBG  me_PPIO1  with_IO  nonchalant_JJ  disinterest_NN  ,_,  neither_LE  mocking_JJ  nor_CC  savage_JJ  ,_,  just_RR  there_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  stay_VV0  ,_,  impalpable_JJ  ,_,  inflexible_JJ  ,_,  constant_JJ  ,_,  yet_RR  beyond_IO  reach_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  shadow_NN  .  
  and_CC  when_CS did_VDD  it_PPH1  actually_RR  start_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  frail_JJ  tendons_NNS  of_IO  misery_NN  wrapped_VVD  round_IO  me_PPIO1  unseen_JJ  tentacles_NNS  as_RG  tenuous_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  shoots_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  malignant_JJ  tumour_NN  which_DDQ  remains_VBZ  unknown_JJ  .  and_CC  triumphant_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  the_AT1  surgeon's_NN1$  knife_NN  finds_VBZ  it_PPH1  and_CC  is_VBZ  defeated_VBN  by_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  grew_VVD  round_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  sheltering_VBG  in_IO  my_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  shame_NN  ,_,  overwhelming_VBG  me_PPIO1  until_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  ,_,  bringing_VBG  with_IO  it_PPH1  a_AT1  resurgent_JJ  second_MD  devil_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  lost_VBN  .  
  a_AT1  monstrous_JJ  towering_JJ  pair_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  hunger_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  thirst_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  unfilled_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  unslaked_JJ  .  .  
  but_CCB  autobiography_NN  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  run_VV0  amok_RR  with_IO  a_AT1  writer's_NN1$  sense_NN  of_IO  drama_NN  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  writer_NN  by_IO  trade_NN  :_:  were_VBDR  I_PPIS1  on_IO  my_APP$  death-bed_NN  ,_,  as_CS  well_RR  I_PPIS1  might_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  my_APP$  pen_NN  would_VM  record_VV0  the_AT1  moments_NNS  as_CS  the_AT1  self-experimental_JJ  researcher_NN  notes_VBZ  his_APP$  symptoms_NNS  .  
  writing_NN  is_VBZ  surely_RR  nothing_PN1  but_IO  the_AT1  tape_NN  recorder_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  creator_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  hide_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  thin_JJ  furtiveness_NN  ,_,  behind_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  of_IO  fiction_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  ,_,  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  all_DB  writing_NN  is_VBZ  merely_RR  the_AT1  writer_NN  playing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  audience_NN  of_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  abject_JJ  before_IO  the_AT1  rowdy_JJ  despot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  subconscious_JJ  mind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  write_VV0  because_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  ,_,  write_VV0  as_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Jekyll_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  written_VBN  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Hyde_NP  was_VBDZ  absent_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  doubts_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  closeness_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hyde_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  both_DB2  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  devil's_NN1$  cherished_JJ  ,_,  indissolvably_RR  one_MC1  in_IO  an_AT1  unending_JJ  oneness_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  look_VV0  round_RP  and_CC  see_VV0  my_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  such_CS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  think_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  lost_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  wonder_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  myself_PPX1  now_RL  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  table_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  writing_VBG  .  
  ordinary_JJ  .  
  indeed_RR  so_PN1  .  
  a_AT1  slightly_RR  built_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  medium_JB  height_NN  ;_;  slim_JJ  ,_,  rather_RR  feminine_JJ  hands_NNS  ,_,  small_JJ  feet_NNS  and_CC  good_JJ  bones_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  face_NN  is_VBZ  simply_RR  that_DD1  ,_,  the_AT1  epitome_NN  of_IO  John_NP  Doe_NP  :_:  quiet_JJ  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  dark_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  what_DDQ  the_AT1  nice-minded_JJ  call_VV0  pleasing_JJ  features_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  passable_JJ  ,_,  civilised_JJ  ,_,  modest_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  perhaps_RR  forty_MC  .  
  obviously_RR  cleanly_JJ  ;_;  obviously_RR  of_IO  good_JJ  parentage_NN  and_CC  of_IO  good_JJ  education_NN  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS attend_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  wants_NNS  call_VV0  me_PPIO1    sir_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  treat_VV0  them_PPHO1  fairly_RR  ;_;  head_JB  waiters_NNS  are_VBR  polite_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  my_APP$  friends_NNS  see_VV0  all_DB  that_DD1  in_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  too_RR  .  
    Frank_NP  Damon_NP  .    so_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  answer_VV0  an_AT1  enquiry_NN  ,_,    old_JJ  Frank_NP  .  
  lord_NN  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  a_AT1  nice_JJ  chap_NN  .  
  quiet_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  good_JJ  company_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  drink_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  useful_JJ  man_NN  at_IO  bridge_NN  and_CC  tennis_NN  .  
  writes_VBZ  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0      here_RL  that_DD1  inevitable_JJ  apologetic_JJ  English_JJ  chuckle_NN      and_CC  good_JJ  at_IO  political_JJ  stuff_NN  .  
  thrillers_NNS  as_RR  well_RR  .    
  here_RL  the_AT1  amused_JJ  smiles_NNS  .  
    never_RR  read_VV0  the_AT1  things_NNS  myself_PPX1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  !_!  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  must_VM  be_VB0  good_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  money_NN  .    
  old_JJ  Frank_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  look_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  at_IO  old_JJ  Frank_NP  ,_,  one_MC1  invisible_JJ  devil_NN  on_IO  each_DD1  shoulder_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  did_VDD  like_VV0  political_JJ  science_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  thrillers_NNS  pay_VV0  ,_,  not_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  really_RR  need_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  use_VV0  a_AT1  pseudonym_NN  ,_,  John_NP  Laker_NP  Considine_NP  (_(  carefully_RR  chosen_VBN  ,_,  that_DD1    Carr_NP  ,_,  Chandler_NP  ,_,  Charteris_NP  ,_,  Cheyney_NP  ,_,  Christie_NP  ;_;  and_CC  Considine_NP  fits_VBZ  neatly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  shelves_NNS  ,_,  picking_VBG  up_RP  some_DD  reflected_JJ  glory_NN  )_)  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  my_APP$  characters_NNS  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Malobo_NP  .  
  the_AT1  red_JJ  aces_NNS  of_IO  justice_NN  .  
  Rafferty_NP  of_IO  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  .  
  colourful_JJ  stuff_NN  ,_,  wild_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  melodramatic_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  impervious_JJ  to_IO  my_APP$  devils_NNS  .  
  John_NP  Laker_NP  Considine_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  bright_JJ  jackets_NNS  .  
  poor_JJ  old_JJ  shadow_NN  !_!  
  piling_VBG  up_RP  wilderness_NN  of_IO  escapism_NN  for_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS would_VM  flee_VV0  themselves_PPX2  .  
  and_CC  behind_IO  this_DD1  veritable_JJ  escapist_NN  stands_VBZ  his_APP$  alter_NN  ego_NN"  ,_,  the_AT1  substantial_JJ  presence_NN  of_IO  Frank_NP  Damon_NP  ,_,  old_JJ  Frank_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  nice_JJ  chap_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  give_VV0  everything_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  world_NN  ,_,  unto_IO  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  he_PPHO1  wears_VBZ  ,_,  to_TO  become_VV0  John_NP  Laker_NP  Considine_NP  who_PNQS dwells_VBZ  in_IO  his_APP$  one-dimensioned_JJ  pseudonymous_JJ  world_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  gracious_JJ  study_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  look_VV0  across_IO  my_APP$  small_JJ  garden_NN  ,_,  backing_VBG  on_IO  this_DD1  house_NN  my_APP$  family_NN  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  becoming_VBG  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  front_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  the_AT1  rear_NN  of_IO  Knightsbridge_NP  .  
  a_AT1  noble_JJ  and_CC  valuable_JJ  house_NN  ,_,  big_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  solitary_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  love_VV0  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  digress_VV0  .  
  with_IO  my_APP$  ballpoint_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  my_APP$  thoughts_NNS  arrayed_VBN  ,_,  my_APP$  greater_JJ  morbidities_NNS  shrink_VV0  back_RP  though_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  not_XX  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  entirely_RR  ,_,  even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  brightness_NN  of_IO  Hyde_NP  Park_NNL1  to_TO  delight_VV0  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  brightness_NN  in_IO  nature_NN  in_IO  no_AT1  way_NN  detracts_VBZ  from_IO  my_APP$  devils_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  older_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  endured_VVD  and_CC  continue_VV0  to_TO  endure_VV0  though_CS  its_APP$  continuation_NN  shocked_VVD  me_PPIO1  ;_;  the_AT1  second_MD  devil_NN  came_VVD  on_IO  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  year_NN  after_IO  Dunkirk_NP  ,_,  over_RR  a_AT1  decade_NN  ago_RR  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  more_RG  awful_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  pair_NN  .  
  fortunately_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  London_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  chaos_NN  of_IO  war_NN  with_IO  bombs_NNS  turning_VBG  civic_JJ  life_NN  to_IO  ruin_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  disappear_VV0  ,_,  for_CS  money_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  buy_VV0  oblivion_NN  and_CC  secrecy_NN  .  
  that_DD1  second_MD  devil_NN  came_VVD  on_IO  me_PPIO1  so_RG  stealthily_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  at_RR  first_RR  ;_;  then_RL  I_PPIS1  shrank_VVD  back_RP  affrighted_VBN  ,_,  crushed_VBN  ,_,  nauseated_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  bear_VV0  it_PPH1  alone_JJ    and_CC  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  now_RL  ,_,  thinking_VBG  on_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  understand_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  leper_NN  must_VM  feel_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  mother_NN  and_CC  father_NN  died_VBN  before_CS  the_AT1  second_MD  world_NN  war_NN  broke_VVD  out_RP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  this_DD1  house_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  returned_VBN  to_TO  live_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  left_VVD  me_PPIO1  money_NN  .  
  writing_NN  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  up_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  release_NN  from_IO  myself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  as_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  to_IO  power_NN  without_IO  visibility_NN    a_AT1  purely_RR  morbid_JJ  passion_NN  !_!  
  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  always_RR  require_VV0  anonymity_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  easily_RR  found_VBN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  people_NNS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  before_IO  Dunkirk_NP  went_VVD  with_IO  those_DD2  same_DA  tides_NNS  of_IO  war_NN  which_DDQ  washed_VVD  smooth_JJ  the_AT1  sands_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  acquaintance_NN  ,_,  enabling_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_TO  start_VV0  again_RR  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  went_VVD  Mary_NP  Damon_NP  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  had_VHD  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  recall_VV0  her_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  for_CS  those_DD2  same_DA  tides_NNS  had_VHD  washed_VBN  her_PPHO1  away_RP  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  little_JJ  man_NN  must_VM  come_VV0  enquiring_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  troublesome_JJ  little_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  seemingly_RR  as_RG  harmless_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  fly_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  :_:  brownish_JJ    hair_NN  ,_,  skin_NN  ,_,  eyes_NNS    and_CC  slight_JJ  .  
  not_XX  young_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sadly_RR  dressed_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  fraying_JJ  cuff_NN  edges_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  dusty_JJ  old_JJ  hat_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  you_PPY  could_VM  see_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  cake_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  glass_NN  of_IO  milk_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cheap_JJ  restaurant_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  ever_RR  notice_VV0  ,_,  wholly_RR  a_AT1  human_JJ  zero_MC  except_CS  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  name_NN    Arthur_NP  George_NP  Zink_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  enquiring_VBG  so_RG  mildly_RR  ,_,  blinking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  from_IO  behind_IO  his_APP$  thick_JJ  spectacles_NNS  ,_,  affable_JJ  ,_,  self-effacing_JJ  ,_,  desiring_VBG  not_XX  to_TO  trouble_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  enquiring_VBG  for_IO  Mary_NP  Damon_NP  ,_,  apologising_VBG  for_IO  bothering_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  gentle_JJ  ,_,  kindly_JJ  Arthur_NP  George_NP  Zink_NP    as_RG  weakly_RR  persistent_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  dripping_JJ  tap_NN  ,_,  so_RG  damnably_RR  ,_,  politely_RR  ,_,  endlessly_RR  persistent_JJ  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  juggernauts_NNS  of_IO  bureaucracy_NN  hauled_VBN  by_IO  regiments_NNS  of_IO  Arthur_NP  George_NP  Zinks_NP2  ,_,  little_JJ  men_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  little_JJ  women_NNS  at_IO  their_APP$  eternal_JJ  writing_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  their_APP$  entries_NNS  ,_,  adding_VBG  their_APP$  sums_NNS  ,_,  putting_VBG  one_MC1  and_CC  one_MC1  together_RR  ,_,  until_CS  a_AT1  total_NN  must_VM  emerge_VV0  .  
  and_CC  asking_VBG  questions_NNS  ,_,  unavoidable_JJ  questions_NNS  ,_,  persistently_RR  ,_,  persistently_RR  .  .  
  the_AT1  inspector's_NN1$  glare_NN  was_VBDZ  ferocious_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  think_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  both_DB2  hands_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  ,_,  leaning_VBG  forward_RR  to_TO  tower_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  plump_JJ  amiability_NN  of_IO  Superintendent_NNSB1  Leeds_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  fifth_MD  one_MC1    do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Leeds_NP  beamed_VVD  at_IO  Detective-Inspector_NNSB1  Chater_NP  .  
  because_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  become_VBN  friends_NNS  when_CS they_PPHS2  met_VVD  as_IO  uniformed_JJ  probationers_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  two_MC  basic_JJ  years_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  usually_RR  forgot_VVD  rank_NN  when_CS alone_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  letting_VBG  the_AT1  thing_NN  infuriate_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Tom_NP      
  Chater_NP  threw_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  placated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  Christian_JJ  name_NN  .  
    naturally_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  trifle_NN  distrait_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  glared_VVD  .  
    five_MC  kidnappings_NNS  and_CC  five_MC  kids_NNS  returned_VBN  without_IO  a_AT1  hair_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  dear_JJ  little_JJ  heads_NNS  being_VBG  harmed_VBN  ,_,  without_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  mother_NN  screaming_VBG  blue_JJ  murder_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  knowledge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thing_NN      
  Chater_NP  jerked_VVD  a_AT1  thumb_NN  to_TO  indicate_VV0  all_DB  New_NP  Scotland_NP  Yard_NNL1  .  
    the_AT1  pundits_NNS  must_VM  be_VB0  delighted_JJ  .    
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  indeed_RR  .    
  Leeds_NP  flapped_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  lean_JJ  black_JJ  highland_NN  fury_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  friend_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  your_APP$  super_NN  ,_,  old_JJ  boy_NN  .  
  will_VM  n't_XX  the_AT1  mothers_NNS  say_VV0  a_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    tush_UH  !_!  
  compounding_NN  ,_,  dammit_UH  !_!  
  and_CC  do_VD0  they_PPHS2  care_VV0  .    
  Chater_NP  sniffed_VVD  .  
    ach_UH  !_!  
  and_CC  how_CS can_VM  I_PPIS1  move_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  even_RR  prove_VV0  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  paid_VBN  or_CC  how_CS much_DA  or_CC  where_CS .  
  women_NNS  !_!    
    kids_NNS  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  s'pose_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  my_APP$  methods_NNS  in_IO  finding_VBG  out_RP  .  
  aye_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  bonny_JJ  .  
  clean_JJ  ,_,  well-fed_JJ  ,_,  cared_VBN  for_IO  ,_,  happy_JJ  as_IO  Larry_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  known_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  kidnappings_NNS  but_CCB  none_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
    and_CC  why_CS will_VM  n't_XX  the_AT1  mothers_NNS  talk_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  behind_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  can_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  get_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Yanks_NP2  to_TO  come_VV0  across_RP  and_CC  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  used_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  snatch_NN  racket_NN  .    
  Leeds_NP  grimaced_VVD  .  
    now_RL  ,_,  Tom_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  cleft_JJ  stick_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  nobody_PN1  's_VHZ  complained_VBN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  the_AT1  complaints_NNS  've_VH0  been_VBN  withdrawn_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  made_VBN  .  
  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  prove_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  how_CS the_AT1  money_NN  passed_VVD      
    there_EX  's_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  as_IO  compounding_NN      
    be_VB0  quiet_JJ  ,_,  Tom_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  'd_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  hellish_JJ  charge_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  across_RP  in_IO  court_NN  .  
  can_VM  you_PPY  see_VV0  the_AT1  Attorney-General's_NNSB2  face_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asked_VBN  to_TO  support_VV0  a_AT1  charge_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  for_IO  compounding_VBG  when_CS her_APP$  child_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  kidnapped_VBN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  .    
  Leeds_NP  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  .  
    Tom_NP  ,_,  get_VV0  the_AT1  bastard_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  everything_PN1  else_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  dirty_JJ  business_NN  .    
  Chater_NP  snorted_VVD  irately_RR  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  work_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  newest_JJT  adventure_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Malobar_NP  to_TO  finish_VV0  ,_,  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  ten_MC  thousand_MC  words_NNS  ,_,  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  essays_NNS  at_IO  autobiography_NN  so_RG  fascinating_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  ancient_JJ  principle_NN  of_IO  confession_NN  being_VBG  good_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  soul_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  a_AT1  minor_JJ  antidote_NN  to_IO  devils_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  feeling_VBG  clearer_JJ  in_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  more_RG  comfortable_JJ  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Malobar_NP  manuscript_NN  to_TO  fetch_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  old-fashioned_JJ  in_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  write_VV0  in_IO  longhand_NN  ,_,  for_CS  my_APP$  mind_NN  constructs_VBZ  and_CC  perfects_VBZ  the_AT1  next_DA  sentence_NN  while_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  writing_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  folder_NN  of_IO  manuscript_NN  lives_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  built-in_JB  cupboard_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  ,_,  for_IO  no_AT1  sensible_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  bent_VVD  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  folder_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  nostalgia_NN  swept_VVD  over_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  not_XX  for_IO  months_NNS  had_VHD  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  spring_NN  air_NN  intensified_VVD  the_AT1  deep_JJ  scent_NN  of_IO  gardenia_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  well-remembered_JJ  scent_NN  .  
  all_DB  carefully_RR  preserved_VBN  ,_,  hanging_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  outer_JB  world_NN  of_IO  Mary_NP  Damon_NP  .  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  coral_JJ  taffeta_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  skirt_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  brown_JJ  check_NN  suit_NN    a_AT1  costly_JJ  article_NN    bought_VBN  in_IO  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  ivory_JJ  satin_NN  cloak_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  best_JJT  theatres_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  fur_NN  coat_NN    Persian_JJ  lamb_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  most_RG  expensive_JJ  thing_NN  ,_,  costly_JJ  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  as_CS  hateful_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  only_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  of_IO  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  to_IO  those_DD2  small_JJ  lambs_NNS  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  touched_VVD  garment_NN  after_IO  garment_NN  ,_,  each_DD1  fashioned_JJ  article_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  memory_NN  a_AT1  decade_NN  old_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  appeal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  each_DD1  reached_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  disturbing_VBG  me_PPIO1  ,_,  hurting_VBG    me_PPIO1  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  writer_NN  of_IO  bloodthirsty_JJ  tales_NNS  ,_,  John_NP  Laker_NP  Considine_NP  ,_,  no_AT1  less_DA  !_!  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  requested_JJ  danegeld_NN  was_VBDZ  paid_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  coinage_NN  of_IO  uneasy_JJ  recollection_NN  which_DDQ  memory_NN  demanded_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fool_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  thrice_RR  damned_JJ  fool_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  here_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  stupid_JJ  danger_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  any_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  could_VM  a_AT1  mother_NN  throw_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  relics_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  dead_JJ  child_NN  .  
  five_MC  children_NNS  kidnapped_VBN    and_CC  no_AT1  clue_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  guilty_JJ  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  began_VVD  worrying_VBG  me_PPIO1  again_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  probing_JJ  little_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  subtle_JJ  and_CC  insinuating_JJ  Zink_NP  .  
  a_AT1  wholly_RR  absurd_JJ  name_NN  which_DDQ  comes_VBZ  dangerously_RR  close_RR  to_IO  Mary_NP  .  .  
  God_NP  forbid_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  can_VM  disinter_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  yet_CF  in_IO  a_AT1  most_RG  shocking_JJ  sense_NN  he_PPHO1  can_VM  do_VD0  that_DD1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  comes_VBZ  too_RG  close_RR  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  .  
  these_DD2  morbid_JJ  thoughts_NNS  did_VDD  not_XX  help_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  thrust_VVD  the_AT1  pen_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  back_RP  again_RR  at_IO  my_APP$  table_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thought_VVD  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Malobar_NP  ,_,  
    the_AT1  tall_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  dramatic_JJ  green_JJ  eyes_NNS  seemed_VVD  to_TO  tower_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  growing_JJ  domination_NN  of_IO  terror_NN  .    
  there_RL  it_PPH1  stopped_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  hiatus_NN  which_DDQ  remained_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  use_NN  trying_VBG  ;_;  I_PPIS1  could_VM  not_XX  write_VV0  .  
  that_DD1  brownish_JJ  little_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  frayed_JJ  cuffs_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  dusty_JJ  hat_NN  would_VM  not_XX  leave_VV0  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  Larsen's_PPIO2  last_DA  haul_NN  .  
    lucky_JJ    Larsen_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  ruthless_JJ  skipper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  trawler_NN    Volsung_NP    ,_,  did_VDD  not_XX  believe_VV0  in_IO  hell_NN  hereafter_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  only_RR  believed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  immediate_JJ  hell_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  savage_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  by_IO  George_NP  Goldsmith-Carter_NP  .  
  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  trawler_NN  Volsung_NP  laboured_VVD  heavily_RR  at_IO  her_APP$  trawl_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  looping_JJ  ground-swell_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  nor'_NN1  west_NN1  of_IO  Andenes_NP  lighthouse_NN  ,_,  flashing_VBG  feebly_RR  against_IO  the_AT1  sleet-blurred_JJ  ,_,  rocky_JJ  backdrop_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  of_IO  north_NN1  west_NN1  Norway_NP  .  
  above_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  vessel_NN  the_AT1  northern_JJ  lights_NNS  rippled_VVD  in_IO  green_JJ  ,_,  barbaric_JJ  radiance_NN  across_IO  a_AT1  sable_JJ  ,_,  freezing_JJ  sky_NN  .  
  beneath_IO  her_APP$  restless_JJ  keel_NN  rolled_VVD  water_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  glacial_JJ  blue_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  few_DA  hours_NNS  of_IO  half_DB  light_NN  yet_RR  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  now_RL  black_JJ  and_CC  bitter_JJ  as_IO  death_NN  .  
  the_AT1  massive_JJ  bulk_NN  of_IO    lucky_JJ    Larsen_NP  ,_,  skipper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Volsung_NP  ,_,  loomed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  ,_,  from_IO  whence_CS he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  watching_VBG  ,_,  heedless_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  gathering_JJ  rime_NN  of_IO  frost_NN  which_DDQ  glittered_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  red_JJ  stubble_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  heavy_JJ  jaw_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  dark_JJ  sea_NN  to_IO  where_CS the_AT1  tip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  moon_NN  was_VBDZ  thrusting_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  silver_NN  dagger_NN  from_IO  behind_IO  the_AT1  shark-toothed_JJ  peaks_NNS  of_IO  Andoy_NP  ,_,  then_RL  his_APP$  wolfish_JJ  eyes_NNS  shifted_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  fish-pounds_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  fore-deck_NN  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  illuminated_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  glare_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deck_NN  lights_NNS  a_AT1  dozen_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  toiling_VBG  ,_,  their_APP$  oilskinned_JJ  backs_NNS  hunched_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  bite_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  searing_JJ  wind_NN  which_DDQ  glazed_VVD  the_AT1  ship_NN  with_IO  ice_NN  .  
  those_DD2  men_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  for_IO  seventy_MC  hours_NNS  now_RL  ,_,  labouring_VBG  without_IO  a_AT1  break_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  half_RR  blind_JJ  and_CC  savage_JJ  with_IO  exhaustion_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  reduced_VBN  almost_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  of_IO  beasts_NNS  .  
  men_NNS  driven_VBN  beyond_IO  endurance_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  silent_JJ  menace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  watcher_NN  above_II  to_TO  shoot_VV0  and_CC  haul_VV0  the_AT1  giant_JJ  net_NN  ,_,  to_TO  gut_VV0  and_CC  pack_VV0  the_AT1  torrent_NN  of_IO  bronze-backed_JJ  haddock_NNS  which_DDQ  shimmered_VVD  endlessly_RR  inboard_RR  ,_,  and_CC  curse_VV0  the_AT1  cooks_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  mugs_NNS  of_IO  strong_JJ  and_CC  scalding_JJ  tea_NN  were_VBDR  not_XX  forthcoming_JJ  .  
  Larsen's_PPIO2    luck_NN    lay_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  inherited_JJ  ability_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  roving_JJ  fish_NN  shoals_NNS  when_CS others_DA2  could_VM  not_XX  and_CC  having_VHG  found_VBN  them_PPHO1  ,_,  harry_VV0  his_APP$  crew_NN  without_IO  mercy_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  fish_NN  holds_NNS  were_VBDR  full_JJ  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  reputation_NN  men_NNS  still_RR  joined_VVD  his_APP$  ship_NN  to_TO  share_VV0  the_AT1  wealth_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  finding_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  break_VV0  their_APP$  bodies_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  spirits_NNS  ,_,  driving_VBG  them_PPHO1  with_IO  flaying_JJ  tongue_NN  and_CC  fist_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  voyage_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  .  
  then_RL  when_CS at_RR  last_RR  the_AT1  hatches_NNS  were_VBDR  battened_VBN  down_RP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  reel_VV0  below_II  to_TO  drop_VV0  exhausted_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  reeking_JJ  clothes_NNS  ,_,  lying_VBG  like_IO  corpses_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  fell_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  crew_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Volsung_NP  had_VHD  almost_RR  reached_VBN  that_DD1  point_NN  now_RL  ,_,  for_CS  their_APP$  bloodshot_JJ  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  glazed_VBN  with_IO  exhaustion_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  blank_JJ  look_NN  of_IO  sleep_NN  walkers_NNS  was_VBDZ  on_IO  their_APP$  scale_NN  and_CC  slime_NN  masked_JJ  faces_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  toiled_VVD  unceasingly_RR  amid_IO  the_AT1  slaughter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fish-pounds_NNS  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  comprehension_NN  but_CCB  no_AT1  pity_NN  on_IO  Larsen's_PPIO2  face_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  bleakly_RR  watched_VVD  his_APP$  crew_NN  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  pity_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  back_RP  a_AT1  young_JJ  deck-hand_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  trip_NN  had_VHD  stumbled_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  frost-ravaged_JJ  ,_,  bleeding_JJ  hands_NNS  held_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  supplication_NN  .  
    for_IO  the_AT1  love_NN  of_IO  God_NP  ,_,  skipper_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  carry_VV0  on_RP  !_!    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  cried_VBN  .  
  with_IO  bitter_JJ  and_CC  contemptuous_JJ  words_NNS  Larsen_NP  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  him_PPHO1  below_II  to_TO  help_VV0  the_AT1  cook_NN  ,_,  telling_VBG  him_PPHO1  that_CS  thereafter_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  receive_VV0  no_AT1  pay_NN  .  
  Larsen's_PPIO2  restless_JJ  gaze_NN  swept_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  fish-gutters_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  inflamed_JJ  and_CC  toil-swollen_JJ  wrists_NNS  swathed_VBN  in_IO  old_JJ  rags_NNS  to_TO  ease_VV0  the_AT1  abrasion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  spilling_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  bellies_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fish_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ripping_VBG  open_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  gutting_NN  knives_NNS  flashed_VVD  ceaselessly_RR  ,_,  in_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  vent_NN  ,_,  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  gills_NNS  .  
  like_IO  automatons_NNS  the_AT1  men_NNS  worked_VVD  ,_,  flinging_VBG  the_AT1  livers_NNS  into_IO  baskets_NNS  for_IO  rendering_VBG  into_IO  fish-oil_NN  ,_,  tossing_VBG  the_AT1  entrails_NNS  overboard_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  endless_JJ  stream_NN  .  
  Larsen's_PPIO2  frost-blackened_JJ  lips_NNS  curved_VVD  cynically_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  screaming_JJ  horde_NN  of_IO  sea-fowl_NNS  swooping_NN  avidly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  offal_NN  which_DDQ  encircled_VVD  his_APP$  ship_NN  .  
  all_RR  about_IO  him_PPHO1  gleamed_VVD  the_AT1  fishing_NN  lights_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  nationalities_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  each_DD1  trawler_NN  ,_,  like_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  was_VBDZ  emptying_VBG  the_AT1  sea_NN  of_IO  fish_NNS  ,_,  destroying_VBG  unborn_JJ  life_NN  and_CC  fouling_VBG  the_AT1  sea_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  endless_JJ  torrent_NN  of_IO  filth_NN  .  
  with_IO  savage_JJ  irony_NN  men_NNS  had_VHD  called_VBN  this_DD1  mighty_JJ  gathering_NN  of_IO  fishing_NN  craft_NNS    the_AT1  league_NN  of_IO  nations_NNS    ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  trawlers_NNS  fished_VVD  in_IO  bitter_JJ  rivalry_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  larger_JJ  vessels_NNS  ruthlessly_RR  thrusting_VBG  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  ones_CD1S  from_IO  where_CS the_AT1  haddock_NNS  shoaled_VVD  the_AT1  thickest_RBT  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  alone_RR  Larsen_NP  knew_VVD  these_DD2  raiders_NNS  had_VHD  in_IO  common_NN    a_AT1  blind_JJ  rapacity_NN  which_DDQ  chose_VVD  to_TO  disregard_VV0  the_AT1  barren_JJ  future_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  seas_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  this_DD1  heedless_JJ  rapine_NN  meant_VVD  nothing_PN1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  his_APP$  grandfather's_NN1$  day_NN  men_NNS  had_VHD  thus_RR  plundered_VBN  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  .  
    the_AT1  gamecocks_NNS    ,_,    the_AT1  short_JJ  blues_NNS    and_CC  other_DA  great_JJ  fleets_NNS  of_IO  rival_JJ  sailing_NN  trawlers_NNS  had_VHD  swept_VBN  bare_JJ  the_AT1  Dogger_NP  Bank_NNL1  ,_,  denuded_VBN  the_AT1  fabulous_JJ    silver_JJ  pits_NNS    ,_,  looted_VBN  the_AT1  fishy_JJ  gold_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  California_NP  grounds_NNS  .  
  then_RL  with_IO  the_AT1  North_NP  Sea_NNL1  almost_RR  barren_JJ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  turned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  west_NN1  ,_,  scouring_VBG  away_RP  the_AT1  lemon_NN  soles_NNS  of_IO  Cornwall's_PPIO2  Klondyke_NP  ground_NN  .  
  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  time_NN  the_AT1  Spanish_JJ  trawlers_NNS  had_VHD  pillaged_VBN  ,_,  almost_RR  overnight_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  silver_JJ  hake_NNS  of_IO  southern_JJ  Irish_JJ  waters_NNS  ,_,  ruining_VBG  Milford_NP  Haven_NNL1  ,_,  once_RR  the_AT1  chief_JB  hake_NN  port_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  then_RL  with_IO  home_NN1  waters_NNS  a_AT1  desolation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  new_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  trawler_NN  had_VHD  appeared_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  powerful_JJ    high_JJ  altitude_NN    trawlers_NNS  which_DDQ  now_RL  ravaged_VVD  the_AT1  bitter_JJ  waters_NNS  of_IO  Bear_NP  Island_NNL1  and_CC  Nova_NP  Zembla_NP  ;_;  the_AT1  plaice_NN  abounding_JJ  shallows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  White_NP  Sea_NNL1  ;_;  the_AT1  cod-rich_JJ  Icelandic_JJ  Banks_NPLS    and_CC  these_DD2  haddock-teeming_JJ  Norwegian_JJ  deeps_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  death_NN    some_DD  called_VVD  the_AT1  place_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  grim_JJ  spot_NN  where_CS the_AT1  continental_JJ  shelf_NN  swooped_VVD  steeply_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  surf_NN  smashed_JJ  rocks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  ,_,  ending_VBG  in_IO  a_AT1  submerged_JJ  precipice_NN  which_DDQ  plunged_VVD  twelve_MC  thousand_MC  feet_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  oceanic_JJ  depths_NNS  beneath_II  .  
  against_IO  this_DD1  deep-drowned_JB  cliff_NN  the_AT1  gale-driven_JJ  surges_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Arctic_NP  Ocean_NNL1  beat_VVD  in_IO  elemental_JJ  malice_NN  ,_,  creating_VBG  a_AT1  maelstrom_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  death_NN  to_IO  ships_NNS  and_CC  men_NNS  .  
  yet_RR  Larsen_NP  knew_VVD  no_AT1  pity_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  whose_PNQV$  bones_NNS  lay_VVD  far_RR  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  only_RR  the_AT1  law_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  northern_JJ  trawl_NN  ,_,  
    the_AT1  weak_JJ  perish_VV0  but_CCB  the_AT1  strong_JJ  survive_VV0  .    
  nor_CC  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  heed_VV0  the_AT1  fools_NNS  who_PNQS believed_VVD  these_DD2  water_NN  haunted_VBN  by_IO  ghost_NN  ships_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  earth-bound_JJ  spirits_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  crews_NNS  doomed_VBN  forever_RR  to_TO  endure_VV0  the_AT1  torment_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  earthly_JJ  memories_NNS  and_CC  re-enact_VV0  in_IO  endless_JJ  ghostly_JJ  parody_NN  the_AT1  last_DA  moments_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  sardonically_RR  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hell_NN  hereafter_RR  .  
  reason_NN  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  nothing_PN1  but_IO  oblivion_NN  ,_,  blacker_JJ  and_CC  deeper_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  depths_NNS  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  lay_VVD  beyond_IO  this_DD1  hell_NN  that_PNQS men_NNS  called_VVD    life_NN    .  
  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  ,_,  Larsen_NP  glanced_VVD  astern_RR  to_IO  where_CS the_AT1  wire_NN  trawl-warps_NNS  twanged_VVD  and_CC  quivered_VVD  away_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  heaving_JJ  night_NN  .  
    get_VV0  some_DD  weight_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  after_JB  warp_NN  ,_,  bos'un_NN  !_!    he_PPHO1  bellowed_VVD  .  
  going_VBG  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  he_PPHO1  scanned_VVD  the_AT1  echometer_NN  ,_,  
    watch_VV0  your_APP$  steering_NN  ,_,  blast_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    he_PPHO1  growled_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  weary_JJ  helmsman_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  wandering_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  .    
  tonight_NN1  the_AT1  haddock_NNS  were_VBDR  shoaling_VBG  massively_RR  in_IO  three_MC  hundred_MC  fathoms_NNS  ,_,  along_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  edge_NN  of_IO    the_AT1  wall_NN  of_IO  death_NN    .  
  a_RR  little_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  westward_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  sounding_NN  lay_VVD  an_AT1  abyss_NN  of_IO  eighteen_MC  hundred_MC  fathoms_NNS  ,_,  beyond_IO  the_AT1  reach_NN  of_IO  any_DD  trawl_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  haunt_NN  of_IO  alien_JJ  species_NNS  .  
  here_RL  swam_VVD  the_AT1  snake-like_JJ  Cyclothones_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  rat-tailed_JJ  Chimerae_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  swag-bellied_JJ  oceanic_JJ  angler_NN  fishes_NNS  ,_,  useless_JJ  monstrosities_NNS  ,_,  armoured_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  depths_NNS  with_IO  incredible_JJ  slime_NN  and_CC  carrying_VBG  their_APP$  own_DA  weird_JJ  luminosity_NN  to_TO  light_VV0  their_APP$  mindless_JJ  gropings_NNS  in_IO  awful_JJ  pressure_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  blackness_NN  beyond_IO  night_NN  .  
  Larsen_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  interested_JJ  in_IO  marine_JJ  biology_NN  ,_,  only_RR  in_IO  profit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  mate_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  black_JJ  holes_NNS  of_IO  fatigue_NN  burned_VBN  into_IO  his_APP$  thin_JJ  ,_,  dirty_JJ  face_NN  .  
  the_AT1  scarred_JJ  and_CC  broken_JJ  nailed_JJ  fingers_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  were_VBDR  locked_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  handles_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  grime-streaked_JJ  mugs_NNS  of_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  steadied_VVD  him_PPHO1  against_IO  the_AT1  uneasy_JJ  lurching_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  .  
    have_VH0  a_AT1  mug_NN  o'_IO  lotion_NN  ,_,  skipper_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  hoarsely_RR  .  
  Larsen_NP  gulped_VVD  the_AT1  lye-strong_JJ  ,_,  scalding_JJ  fluid_NN  then_RL  rasped_VVD  
    how_CS are_VBR  the_AT1  men_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  mate_NN  shrugged_VVD  ,_,  knowing_VBG  well_RR  that_CS  Larsen's_PPIO2  concern_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  with_IO  the_AT1  crew's_NN1$  welfare_NN  ,_,  merely_RR  with_IO  their_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  continue_VV0  working_VBG  .  
    they_PPHS2  say_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  spragged_JJ  ,_,  skipper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  whether_CS  you_PPY  like_VV0  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  stopping_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  kip_NN  .    
  Larsen_NP  leaned_VVD  out_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  window_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  out-thrust_JJ  face_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  gargoyle_NN  .  
    which_WDTI  of_IO  you_PPY  .  is_VBZ  stopping_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  sleep_NN  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  hardly_RR  raised_VBN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  bite_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  ice-bound_JJ  fabric_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  plunging_JJ  ship_NN  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  beneath_IO  him_PPHO1  raised_VVD  their_APP$  haggard_JJ  faces_NNS  and_CC  though_CS  dull_JJ  hatred_NN  glimmered_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  clouded_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  none_PN1  spoke_VVD  .  
    come_VV0  on_RP  my_APP$  lads_NNS    he_PPHO1  chided_VVD  softly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  thick_JJ  vein_NN  hammering_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  corded_JJ  throat_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  wants_VBZ  to_TO  sleep_VV0  .  .  do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  afraid_JJ  .  
  speak_VV0  up_RP  .    
  when_CS nobody_PN1  answered_VVD  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  satisfied_JJ  .  
    good_JJ  .  
  any_DD  more_DA  of_IO  that_DD1  talk_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  down_RP  amongst_IO  you_PPY  .    his_APP$  voice_NN  cracked_VVD  suddenly_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  whip_NN  .  
    now_RL  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  work_NN  you_PPY  .  s_ZZ1  !_!    
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  them_PPHO1  go_VV0  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  flog_VV0  the_AT1  life_NN  back_RP  into_IO  their_APP$  frozen_JJ  limbs_NNS  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  mate_NN  .  
    how_CS does_VBZ  the_AT1  fish_NN  tally_NN  stand_VV0  .    
    fifty_MC  thousand_MC  stone_NNS  of_IO  haddock_NNS  ,_,  skipper_NN  .  
  the_AT1  holds_NNS  are_VBR  full_JJ  .  a_AT1  record_NN  catch_NN  .    
  Larsen's_PPIO2  bitter_JJ  face_NN  showed_VVD  no_AT1  jubilation_NN  .  
    this_DD1  next_DA  haul_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  our_APP$  last_DA  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  .    
  when_CS the_AT1  mate_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  Larsen_NP  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  ,_,  where_CS oblivious_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  slashing_JJ  ,_,  needle-pointed_JJ  sleet_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  with_IO  his_APP$  powerful_JJ  legs_NNS  braced_VBN  against_IO  the_AT1  motion_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ship_NN  .  
  for_IO  an_AT1  eternity_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  strife_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  elements_NNS  and_CC  at_IO  strife_NN  with_IO  men_NNS  .  
  with_IO  axes_NNS  and_CC  steam_NN  horses_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  fought_VBN  the_AT1  creeping_JJ  black_JJ  frosts_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  burden_VV0  his_APP$  ship_NN  with_IO  their_APP$  deadly_JJ  weight_NN  of_IO  ice_NN  .  
  with_IO  brain_NN  and_CC  furious_JJ  strength_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  fought_VBN  the_AT1  giant_JJ  seas_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  licked_VBN  men_NNS  away_RP  like_IO  flies_NNS  and_CC  threatened_VBN  to_TO  engulf_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  with_IO  cruel_JJ  fists_NNS  and_CC  crueller_JJ  words_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  cowed_VBN  crews_NNS  made_VBN  mutinous_JJ  by_IO  wicked_JJ  overwork_NN  .  
  but_CCB  memories_NNS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  cow_VV0  .  
  they_PPHS2  crept_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  at_IO  unguarded_JJ  moments_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Rockall_NP  Bank_NNL1  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heaved_VBN  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  winch_NN  to_TO  free_VV0  the_AT1  trawl_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  fast_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  obstruction_NN  two_MC  hundred_MC  fathoms_NNS  down_RP  .  
  the_AT1  net_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  come_VBN  free_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heaved_VBN  down_RP  like_IO  a_AT1  madman_NN  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  lurching_JJ  ship_NN  and_CC  frightened_JJ  glances_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  men_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heaved_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  water_NN  lapped_VVD  the_AT1  rail_NN  .  
  heaved_VBN  until_CS  a_AT1  massive_JJ  iron_NN  bollard_NN  had_VHD  exploded_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  bomb_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  trawl-warp_NN  flailing_VBG  clear_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  captivity_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  scythed_VBN  away_RP  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  head_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  how_CS the_AT1  decapitated_JJ  body_NN  had_VHD  taken_VBN  three_MC  dreadful_JJ  steps_NNS  before_CS  it_PPH1  fell_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  night_NN  off_IO  North_NP  Cape_NNL1  when_CS only_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  dared_VBN  fish_VV0  whilst_CS  other_DA  craft_NNS  lay_VVD  hove-to_VBN  for_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  hurricane_NN  wind_NN  and_CC  giant_JJ  seas_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  ton-weight_JB  otter_NN  board_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  net_NN  had_VHD  ripped_VBN  free_JJ  of_IO  its_APP$  dog-chain_NN  and_CC  swinging_VBG  inboard_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  fore-gallows_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  crushed_VBN  the_AT1  boatswain_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  pulp_NN  .  
  yet_RR  men_NNS  called_VVD  him_PPHO1    lucky_JJ      a_AT1  man_NN  whose_PNQV$  wife_NN  ,_,  overwhelmed_VBN  by_IO  loneliness_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  father_NN  whose_PNQV$  grown_JJ  children_NNS  had_VHD  long_RR  since_II  become_VBN  as_IO  strangers_NNS  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  radio_NN  cabin_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  wheelhouse_NN  the_AT1  radio_NN  operator_NN  had_VHD  switched_VBN  on_RP  the_AT1  receiver_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  babel_NN  of_IO  voices_NNS  and_CC  tongues_NNS  broke_VVD  in_RP  on_IO  Larsen's_PPIO2  thoughts_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  skippers_NNS  of_IO  many_DA  nations_NNS  were_VBDR  asking_VBG  for_IO  instructions_NNS  from_IO  their_APP$  company_NN  offices_NNS  ;_;  some_DD  were_VBDR  rejoicing_VBG  in_IO  their_APP$  run_NN  of_IO  luck_NN  ;_;  others_DA2  blasphemously_RR  cursing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  one_MC1  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  drowning_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  others_DA2  with_IO  its_APP$  ire_NN  .  
    lost_VBN  all_DB  my_APP$  nets_NNS  but_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  ripped_VBN  to_IO  doll_NN  rags_NNS  .  all_DB  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lousy_JJ  two_MC  hundred_MC  boxes_NNS  of_IO  fish_NNS  .  
  will_VM  n't_XX  clear_VV0  my_APP$  expenses_NNS  !_!  
  over_RP  and_CC  out_RP  .  
  gone_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  .    
  a_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  contemptuous_JJ  amusement_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  Larsen's_PPIO2  face_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  rancorous_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  belonged_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  skipper_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trawler_NN  Valkyrie_NP  .  Dan_NP  Scarden_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  known_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  bitter_JJ  complaints_NNS  .  
  going_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  radio_NN  cabin_NN  Larsen_NP  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  transmitter_NN  and_CC  called_VVD    Volsung_NP  to_IO  Valkyrie_NP  ,_,  Volsung_NP  to_IO  Valkyrie_NP  .  
  d'_VD0  ye_PPY  hear_VV0  me_PPIO1  Dan_NP  .  .  over_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  answer_NN  but_CCB  none_PN1  came_VVD  .  
  tapping_VBG  the_AT1  speaker_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  Larsen_NP  called_VVD  
    Volsung_NP  to_IO  Valkyrie_NP  ,_,  Volsung_NP  to_IO  Valkyrie_NP  .  
  need_VV0  a_AT1  hearing_NN  aid_NN  ,_,  Dan_NP  .  
  for_IO  god's_NN1$  sake_NN  stop_VV0  chafing_VBG  and_CC  start_VV0  fishing_VBG  .    he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  maliciously_RR    you_PPY  can_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  spare_JJ  nets_NNS  .  **"_**'  begins_VBZ  today_NN1  :_:  dramatic_JJ  story_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  Scots_JJ  girl_NN  sold_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  slave_NN  .  
  a_AT1  gift_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Sultan_NNSB1  .  
  that_DD1  Scottish_JJ  autumn_NN  of_IO  1767_MC  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cold_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  ice_NN  rarely_RR  melted_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  rutted_JJ  country_NN  lanes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fields_NNS  and_CC  hills_NNS  were_VBDR  permanently_RR  blanketed_VBN  in_IO  thick_JJ  ,_,  white_JJ  frost_NN  .  
  winter_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  early_RR  and_CC  stay_VV0  long_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  poverty-stricken_JJ  since_IO  the_AT1  disastrous_JJ  uprising_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  prospect_NN  was_VBDZ  grim_JJ  indeed_RGA  .  
  with_IO  strange_JJ  English_JJ  landlords_NNS  usurping_VBG  their_APP$  chieftains'_NN2  seats_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  scattered_JJ  clansmen_NNS  were_VBDR  gradually_RR  deprived_VBN  of_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  hope_NN  .  
  sheep_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  paying_JJ  proposition_NN  ,_,  men_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  ,_,  so_CS  the_AT1  new_JJ    lairds_NNS    wanted_VVD  land_NN  .  
  by_IO  paying_VBG  starvation_NN  prices_NNS  for_IO  their_APP$  tenants'_NN2  crops_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  cruelly_RR  raising_VBG  the_AT1  cost_NN  of_IO  food_NN  and_CC  fuel_NN  and_CC  rents_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  faced_VBN  with_IO  eviction_NN  and_CC  worse_JJ  ,_,  men_NNS  despairing_VBG  of_IO  their_APP$  children's_NN2  future_NN  turned_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  thousands_MC2  to_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  new_JJ  world_NN  that_PNQS beckoned_VVD  from_IO  across_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  heartbreaking_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  worse_JJ  to_TO  stay_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  every_AT1  district_NN  had_VHD  its_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  deserted_JJ  cottages_NNS  and_CC  crofts_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  Aberdeenshire_NP  village_NN  of_IO  Mill_NNL1  o'_IO  Steps_NPLS  there_EX  were_VBDR  smokeless_JJ  chimneys_NNS  and_CC  blank_JJ  ,_,  unlighted_JJ  doorways_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  windows_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  blacksmith's_NN1$  cottage_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  cold_JJ  September_NN1  night_NN  glowed_VVD  warm_JJ  and_CC  welcoming_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  a_AT1  blazing_JJ  peat_NN  fire_NN  lit_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  red-gold_JB  hair_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  who_PNQS stirred_VVD  an_AT1  iron_NN  soup-kettle_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  enormous_JJ  hearth_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  listening_VBG  with_IO  more_DA  amusement_NN  than_IO  respect_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS sat_VVD  hunched_VBN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  staring_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  flames_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  laugh_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  girl_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  other_DA  reproved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    but_CCB  the_AT1  day_NN  will_VM  come_VV0  when_CS you_PPY  'll_VM  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  now_RL  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  stand_VV0  where_CS eagles_NNS  fly_VV0      
  from_IO  the_AT1  scullery_NN  there_EX  came_VVD  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  angry_JJ  snort_NN  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  irritable_JJ  voice_NN  called_VVD  :_:  
    will_VM  you_PPY  stop_VV0  this_DD1  nonsense_NN  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  Morag_NP  Paterson_NP  .    
  but_CCB  the_AT1  woman_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  ignored_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  pressed_VVD  on_RP  unperturbed_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  droning_JJ  sing-song_NN  voice_NN  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  stand_VV0  where_CS no_AT1  woman_NN  ever_RR  stood_VVD    and_CC  be_VB0  in_IO  mortal_JJ  danger_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  all_RR  about_IO  you_PPY  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  cruelty_NN  undreamed_JJ  of_IO  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  who_PNQS would_VM  kill_VV0  you_PPY  if_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  love_NN  undreamed_JJ  of_IO  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  who_PNQS 'll_VM  live_VV0  to_TO  serve_VV0  you_PPY  and_CC  die_VV0  to_TO  prove_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  walk_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  beside_IO  you_PPY  that_PNQS men_NNS  bow_VV0  down_RP  to_IO      
    Mistress_NNSB1  Paterson_NP  !_!    the_AT1  girl_NN  protested_VVD  laughingly_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  other_DA  nodded_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  solemnly_RR  .  
    aye_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  high_JJ  and_CC  mighty_JJ      
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  that_DD1  already_RR  !_!    
  the_AT1  exasperated_JJ  speaker_NN  appeared_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  stop_VV0  filling_VBG  her_APP$  head_NN  with_IO  such_DA  blether_NN  .    she_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  .  
    blether_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  Jessie_NP  Gloag_NP  .    retorted_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  stung_VBN  .  
    and_CC  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  sent_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  say_VV0  what_DDQ  lies_VBZ  ahead_RR  .  
  blether_NN  ,_,  indeed_RR  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  stare_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  again_RR  .  
  quietly_RR  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    nay_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  wear_VV0  silks_NNS  and_CC  laces_NNS  and_CC  ride_VV0  where_CS others_DA2  will_VM  walk_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  that_PNQS hear_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  will_VM  marvel_VV0  at_IO  what_DDQ  comes_VBZ  to_TO  pass_VV0  .    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  green_JJ  eyes_NNS  dancing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  firelight_NN  .  
    och_UH  ,_,  Mistress_NNSB1  Paterson_NP    you_PPY  should_VM  be_VB0  telling_VBG  fortunes_NNS  at_IO  a_AT1  fair_NN  !_!    she_PPHO1  teased_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  rich_JJ  you_PPY  'd_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  ,_,  with_IO  such_DA  fine_JJ  fates_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  asking_NN  !_!    
  old_JJ  Morag_NP  shrugged_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  say_VV0  more_DA  the_AT1  woman_NN  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  Jessie_NP  turned_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  younger_JJ  one_MC1  .  
    what_DDQ  ails_VBZ  you_PPY  ,_,  girl_NN  .    she_PPHO1  snapped_VVD  .  
    himself_PPX1  will_VM  be_VB0  in_RP  this_DD1  instant_NN  and_CC  never_RR  a_AT1  drop_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  water_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  had_VHN  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  fetch_VV0  the_AT1  bucket_NN  at_RR  once_RR  !_!    
  with_IO  a_AT1  toss_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  girl_NN  flounced_VVD  past_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    say_VV0    if_CS  you_PPY  please_VV0    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  maybe_RR  send_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  jewel_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  crown_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  mocked_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  ,_,  slamming_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Jessie's_PPIO2  face_NN  darkened_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  older_JJ  woman_NN  eyed_VVD  her_PPHO1  shrewdly_RR  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  so_RG  hard_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  lass_NN  ,_,  Jessie_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  envy_NN  that_PNQS ails_VBZ  you_PPY    envy_NN  that_CS  your_APP$  man_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  child_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  wife_NN  before_IO  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  sons_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY    aye_UH  ,_,  and_CC  happiness_NN  ,_,  too_RR    when_CS Helen_NP  's_VBZ  gone_VBN  from_IO  your_APP$  sight_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  and_CC  turned_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
    and_CC  that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  sooner_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  thinking_VBG  .    
    it_PPH1  'll_VM  not_XX  come_VV0  soon_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    retorted_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  ungraciously_RR  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VBN  as_CS  Helen_NP  entered_VVD  to_TO  berate_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  outside_JB  outside_JB  door_NN  ajar_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  left_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,    the_AT1  girl_NN  replied_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  manner_NN  suddenly_RR  oddly_RR  subdued_VBN  .  
    he_PPHO1  and_CC  Uncle_NNSB1  Donald_NP  are_VBR  just_RR  coming_VBG  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  moved_VBN  the_AT1  soup-kettle_NN  to_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  and_CC  now_RL  began_VVD  to_TO  fill_VV0  the_AT1  cauldron_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  .  
  but_CCB  at_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  footsteps_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  outside_RP  she_PPHO1  half_RR  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  slopping_VBG  the_AT1  water_NN  badly_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  .  
    land_VV0  sakes_NNS  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  look_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  about_RP  !_!    her_APP$  irate_JJ  stepmother_NN  exploded_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  Andrew_NP  Gloag_NP  entered_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
    och_UH  ,_,  hold_VV0  your_APP$  whisht_NN  ,_,  woman_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  irritably_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  none_PN1  of_IO  you_PPY  scowls_NNS  and_CC  scolds_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  brother's_NN1$  last_DA  night_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  .    
  flushing_VBG  ,_,  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  retort_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  slump_VV0  heavily_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  attitude_NN  that_PNQS silenced_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  watching_VBG  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  fireside_NN  ,_,  Helen_NP  was_VBDZ  suddenly_RR  wildly_RR  elated_JJ  .  
  forcing_VBG  herself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  calm_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  the_AT1  bucket_NN  down_RP  carefully_RR  and_CC  then_RL  stood_VVD  to_TO  face_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  hands_NNS  pressed_VBN  together_RR  to_TO  still_VV0  their_APP$  trembling_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  silent_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  nervously_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  followed_VBN  him_PPHO1  in_RP  .  
  reassured_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  nod_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  waited_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  gaze_NN  ,_,  steeling_VBG  herself_PPX1  against_IO  the_AT1  remorse_NN  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  feel_VV0  at_IO  hurting_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  shake_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  Andrew_NP  raised_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_IO  hers_PP$  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  really_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  ,_,  lass_NN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  answer_NN  so_RG  clearly_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  added_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  tone_NN  :_:  
    then_RL  that_DD1  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    America_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  breathed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  could_VM  not_XX  make_VV0  herself_PPX1  consider_VV0  how_CS her_APP$  delight_NN  must_VM  wound_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  compunction_NN  killed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  realisation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  dreams_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  sure_JJ  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  're_VBR  about_IO  ,_,  lass_NN  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  eyeing_VBG  her_PPHO1  searchingly_RR  .  
    turning_VBG  your_APP$  back_NN  on_IO  all_DB  you_PPY  've_VH0  ever_RR  known_VBN    have_VH0  you_PPY  thought_VBN  you_PPY  'll_VM  likely_RR  never_RR  see_VV0  your_APP$  family_NN  or_CC  friends_NNS  again_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  father_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  go_VV0    I_PPIS1  must_VM  go_VV0  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  heavily_RR  .  
    and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  leave_VV0  with_IO  Donald_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .    
    if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  for_IO  Jessie_NP  ,_,  this_DD1  sudden_JJ  turn_NN  of_IO  events_NNS  seemed_VVD  too_RG  good_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  true_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  as_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  dispirited_JJ  sag_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  shoulders_NNS  she_PPHO1  forced_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  Helen_NP  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  no_AT1  call_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  leaving_VBG  home_NN1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  flushed_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,    if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  ought_PN1  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  said_VBN  or_CC  done_VBN      
  but_CCB  old_JJ  Morag_NP  cut_VVD  across_IO  her_APP$  words_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  kitchen_NN  's_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  built_VBN  that_PNQS will_VM  hold_VV0  two_MC  women_NNS    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  your_APP$  fault_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  lass's_NN1$  .  
  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  glare_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Andrew_NP  Gloag_NP  !_!  
  your_APP$  girl_NN  is_VBZ  seventeen_MC  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  away_RP  from_IO  home_NN1  soon_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  one_MC1  way_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  .    
  Donald_NP  spoke_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  take_VV0  no_AT1  harm_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Andrew_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    och_UH  ,_,  man_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  speak_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    his_APP$  brother_NN  answered_VVD  .  
  with_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  broke_VVD  the_AT1  tension_NN  .  
  Helen_NP  crossed_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  rare_JJ  show_NN  of_IO  affection_NN  ,_,  bent_VVD  to_TO  kiss_VV0  his_APP$  cheek_NN  .  
    Uncle_NNSB1  Donald_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  someone_PN1  to_TO  cook_VV0  and_CC  clean_VV0  and_CC  keep_VV0  house_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  eagerly_RR  .  
    and_CC  maybe_RR  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  fine_JJ  fortune_NN  and_CC  marry_VV0    and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  can_VM  buy_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  passage_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  hopefully_RR  at_IO  Morag_NP  ,_,  expecting_VBG  support_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  turned_VVD  again_RR  to_TO  stare_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
    all_DB  that_DD1  's_VBZ  as_CS  maybe_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  flatly_RR  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  not_XX  change_VV0  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  though_CS  you_PPY  talk_VV0  till_CS  you_PPY  drop_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  follow_VV0  the_AT1  path_NN  that_PNQS 's_VHZ  been_VBN  laid_VBN  for_IO  you_PPY    aye_UH  ,_,  and_CC  Donald_NP  will_VM  follow_VV0  his_PP$  .    
  sleep_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  coming_VBG  to_IO  Helen_NP  that_DD1  night_NN  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  talk_VV0  about_IO  ,_,  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  plan_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  at_RR  last_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  curtained_JJ  comfort_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  wall_NN  cot_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  think_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  clearly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  large_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  fondness_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  remarkable_JJ  likeness_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  mother_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  hardly_RR  known_VBN  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  saw_VVD  that_CS  her_APP$  absence_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  all_DB  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  touched_VBN  and_CC  troubled_VBN  by_IO  Jessie's_PPIO2  obvious_JJ  effort_NN  at_IO  conciliation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ    a_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  self-sacrifice_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  evening's_NN1$  excitement_NN  seemed_VVD  somehow_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  brought_VBN  a_AT1  sharper_JJ  awareness_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  thoughts_NNS  and_CC  emotions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  ,_,  ashamed_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  before_II  given_VBN  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  consideration_NN  to_IO  Jessie's_PPIO2  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  easy_JJ  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  adored_JJ  memory_NN  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  spoiled_JJ  child_NN  to_TO  contend_VV0  with_IO  as_RR  well_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  have_VH0  seemed_VBN  an_AT1  almost_RR  hopeless_JJ  task_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  flushed_VVD  suddenly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  ,_,  remembering_VBG  the_AT1  times_NNS  without_IO  number_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  deliberately_RR  scored_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  stepmother_NN  ,_,  childishly_RR  flaunting_VBG  her_APP$  ability_NN  to_TO  wheedle_VV0  all_DB  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  doting_JJ  father_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  again_RR  Jessie's_PPIO2  odd_JJ  ,_,  strained_JJ  expression_NN  at_IO  such_DA  times_NNS    and_CC  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  another_DD1  face_NN  ,_,  another_DD1  expression_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  grew_VVD  even_RR  hotter_JJ  .  
  Uncle_NNSB1  Donald_NP  .  
  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  recent_JJ  weeks_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  caught_VBN  his_APP$  thoughtful_JJ  ,_,  measuring_JJ  gaze_NN  on_IO  her_PPHO1  after_IO  some_DD  sharp_JJ  exchange_NN  between_IO  herself_PPX1  and_CC  Jessie_NP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  she_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  knew_VVD  without_IO  any_DD  doubt_NN  that_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  reason_NN  for_IO  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  not_XX  because_CS  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  her_PPHO1  or_CC  particularly_RR  wanted_VVD  her_APP$  company_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  unfair_JJ  to_IO  Jessie_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Jessie_NP  who_PNQS awakened_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN    a_AT1  strangely_RR  different_JJ  ,_,  quieter_JJ  Jessie_NP  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  :_:  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  were_VBDR  over_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  smithy_NN  and_CC  old_JJ  Morag_NP  was_VBDZ  washing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  pump_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  new_JJ  understanding_NN  ,_,  Helen_NP  would_VM  have_VH0  dearly_RR  liked_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  and_CC  wipe_VV0  out_RP  all_DB  past_JB  trouble_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  her_APP$  inexperience_NN  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  even_RR  to_TO  act_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  naturally_RR  .  
  then_RL  Jessie_NP  placed_VVD  a_AT1  bowl_NN  of_IO  porridge_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  pushed_VVD  Helen's_PPIO2  own_DA  horn_NN  spoon_NN  towards_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  small_JJ  courtesy_NN  undid_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
  after_IO  mumbling_VBG  her_APP$  thanks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  younger_JJ  woman_NN  sat_VVD  red-faced_JJ  and_CC  unmoving_JJ  until_CS  the_AT1  other_DA  suddenly_RR  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  tired_JJ  voice_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Helen_NP  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  wanting_VBG  to_TO  go_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  your_APP$  home_NN1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  that_DD1  ,_,    Helen_NP  said_VVD  lamely_RR  ,_,  then_RL  tried_VVD  again_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  daughter_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  come_VBN  to_IO  that_DD1  .    
  Jessie_NP  appeared_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  have_VH0  heard_VBN  .  
    I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  ,_,  dear_NN  knows_VBZ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  plenty_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rue_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  listen_VV0  .  
  so_RG  certain_JJ  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  God_NP  had_VHD  put_VBN  me_PPIO1  here_RL  on_IO  earth_NN  to_TO  care_VV0  for_IO  Andrew_NP  Gloag_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  child_NN  that_CS  nobody_PN1  could_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  different_RR  .  
  and_CC  now_RL  just_RR  look_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  come_VBN  to_IO  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  suddenly_RR  and_CC  faced_VVD  Helen_NP  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  break_VV0  his_APP$  heart_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  .    
  Helen_NP  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  all_DB  uncertainty_NN  amazingly_RR  gone_VBN  .  
    no_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  best_JJT  for_IO  everybody_PN1  .    
  as_CS  Jessie_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  oddly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  realised_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  of_IO  sooner_RRR  .    
  embarrassed_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  ,_,  you_PPY  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  much_RR  above_IO  my_APP$  age_NN  when_CS   when_CS you_PPY      
  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  said_VBN    married_VVD  my_APP$  father_NN    for_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  marriage_NN  entailed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  now_RL  did_VDD  it_PPH1  occur_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  there_EX  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  little_DA  of_IO  true_JJ  marriage_NN  between_IO  Andrew_NP  Gloag_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  second_MD  wife_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  sixteen_MC  ,_,    said_VVD  Jessie_NP  ,_,  quietly_RR  .  
    sixteen_MC  !_!    Helen_NP  repeated_VVD  ,_,  startled_JJ  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  ,_,  old_JJ  Morag_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    aye_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  twice_RR  that_DD1  before_CS  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  bouncing_VBG  her_APP$  first-born_JJ  on_IO  her_APP$  knee_NN  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  talk_VV0  so_RG  daft_RR  ,_,  woman_NN  !_!    Jessie_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  old_JJ  spirit_NN  .  the_AT1  gun_NN  .  
  by_IO  Harry_NP  Richman_NP  .  
  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  story_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  not_XX  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  .  
  Gino_NP  stopped_VVD  pacing_VBG  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  sideboard_NN  .  
  gently_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  open_JJ  the_AT1  middle_JB  drawer_NN  and_CC  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  huge_JJ  black_JJ  Luger_NP  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  once_RR  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  ,_,  lying_VBG  serenely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  farthest_JJT  corner_NN  .  
  still_RR  without_IO  a_AT1  sound_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  closed_VVD  his_APP$  huge_JJ  brown_JJ  hand_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  steel_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hastily_RR  transferred_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  his_APP$  jacket_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  a_DA  few_DA  seconds_NNS  later_RRR  his_APP$  wife_NN  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
    Gino_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  doing_VBG  .    
    nothing_PN1  !_!    
  thinking_VBG  .    
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  drawer_NN  and_CC  put_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  to_TO  stop_VV0  them_PPHO1  from_IO  trembling_VBG  .  
    why_CS you_PPY  no_RR  think_VV0  about_IO  getting_VBG  the_AT1  work_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  wiped_VVD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  dirty_JJ  apron_NN  .  
    thinking_VBG    walking_VBG  up_RP    down_RP  .  .  
  no_AT1  food_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  what_DDQ  you_PPY  think_VV0  about_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  huh_UH  .  
  you_PPY  gotta_VBN  any_DD  plans_NNS  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  be_VB0  better_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  stay_VV0  in_IO  Viareggio_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  wiped_VVD  an_AT1  imaginary_JJ  tear_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  rosy_JJ  cheek_NN  .  
    you_PPY  wanna_VV0  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Viareggio_NP    go_VV0  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  no_RR  stop_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  stay_VV0  here_RL  .  
  go_VV0  back_RP  if_CS  you_PPY  wanna_VV0  go_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  no_RR  try_VV0  and_CC  get_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  ,_,  huh_UH  .  
  what_DDQ  you_PPY  think_VV0    you_PPY  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  no_RR  try_VV0  .    
  Gino_NP  turned_VVD  and_CC  stalked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  a_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  loud_JJ  slam_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  stopped_VVD  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  voluble_JJ  Italian_JJ  adjectives_NNS  from_IO  following_VBG  him_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  ever_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  lost_VBN  his_APP$  job_NN  two_MC  weeks_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  done_VBN  nothing_PN1  but_CS  squabble_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  packet_NN  and_CC  stared_VVD  disconsolately_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  Woodbine_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  placed_VVD  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  between_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  and_CC  lit_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  winced_VVD  as_CS  the_AT1  empty_JJ  packet_NN  landed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  gutter_NN  .  
  food_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  manage_VV0  without_IO  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  cigarettes_NNS  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  inhaled_VVD  deeply_RR  and_CC  kept_VVD  the_AT1  smoke_NN  inside_RP  of_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  all_DB  morning_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  it_PPH1  began_VVD  to_TO  drizzle_VV0  .  
  Gino_NP  pulled_VVD  his_APP$  jacket_NN  collar_NN  up_RP  high_RR  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  umpteenth_MD  time_NN  placed_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Luger_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  nervous_JJ  and_CC  undecided_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  clock_NN  hanging_NN  over_IO  a_AT1  jeweller's_NN1$  shop_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  four_MC  o'clock_RR    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  time_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  wait_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  doorway_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rain_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Viareggio_NP  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  let_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  dug_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  irritated_VBN  when_CS only_RR  a_AT1  box_NN  of_IO  matches_NNS  came_VVD  out_RP  .  
  his_APP$  irritation_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  think_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  mother_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  let_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  take_VV0  my_APP$  daughter_NN  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  a_AT1  daughter's_NN1$  place_NN  is_VBZ  by_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN    you_PPY  no_AT1  right_NN    you_PPY  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  my_APP$  bambino_NN  away_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ,_,  even_RR  when_CS the_AT1  train_NN  moved_VVD  off_RP  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  shouting_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  .  
  he_PPHO1  ran_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  anger_NN  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  subsided_VVD  slightly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  show_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  show_VV0  everybody_PN1  .  
  Gino_NP  moved_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  drizzle_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS showed_VVD  no_AT1  signs_NNS  of_IO  stopping_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  four-thirty_MC  and_CC  plans_NNS  had_VHD  better_RRR  be_VB0  made_VBN  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  covered_VBN  with_IO  thoughtful_JJ  wrinkles_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  steadily_RR  forward_RR  .  
  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  his_APP$  deep_JJ  concentration_NN  was_VBDZ  floored_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  aroma_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  coffee_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  cafe*?2s_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  smells_NNS  of_IO  fresh_JJ  bread_NN  and_CC  fried_JJ  chicken_NN  caused_VVD  his_APP$  stomach_NN  to_TO  scream_VV0  in_IO  anguish_NN  .  
  cigarette_NN  smoke_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  his_APP$  nose_NN  from_IO  all_DB  of_IO  a_AT1  hundred_MC  different_JJ  brands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  dug_VVD  his_APP$  nails_NNS  deeper_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  palms_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  his_APP$  head_NN  began_VVD  to_TO  reel_VV0  .  
  frantically_RR  he_PPHO1  swallowed_VVD  huge_JJ  gulps_NNS  of_IO  air_NN  and_CC  then_RL  closed_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  stop_VV0  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  from_IO  going_VBG  round_RP  and_CC  round_RP  .  
  in_IO  desperation_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  branched_VVD  off_RP  into_IO  an_AT1  alley-way_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  breathing_VBG  heavily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  by_IO  now_RL  almost_RR  wet_JJ  through_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  peace_NN  to_TO  return_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  five_MC  .  
  Gino_NP  wiped_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  head_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  handkerchief_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  drizzling_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  annoyed_JJ  at_IO  having_VHG  allowed_VBN  himself_PPX1  to_TO  be_VB0  soaked_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  squeezed_VVD  the_AT1  water_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  handkerchief_NN  and_CC  strode_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  his_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  up_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  straight_RR  toward_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  shop_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  once_RR  seen_VBN  in_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  side_NN  streets_NNS  that_PNQS ran_VVD  like_IO  arteries_NNS  off_IO  Soho's_PPIO2  more_RG  public_JJ  thoroughfares_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  people_NNS  about_RP  .  
  some_DD  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Luger_NP  and_CC  made_VVD  it_PPH1  feel_VV0  comfortable_JJ  .  
  an_AT1  old_JJ  woman_NN  stopped_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  shop's_NN1$  windows_NNS  .  
  Gino_NP  hesitated_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  gun_NN  was_VBDZ  heavy_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  left_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  the_AT1  weight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  lady_NN  went_VVD  away_RP  .  
  Gino_NP  moistened_VVD  his_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  never_RR  done_VBN  anything_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  before_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  uttered_VVD  a_AT1  swift_JJ  ,_,  silent_JJ  prayer_NN  ,_,  finishing_VBG  with_IO    dear_JJ  Father_NNSB1  and_CC  Mother_NNSB1  ,_,  please_UH  forgive_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  his_APP$  forehead_NN  was_VBDZ  covered_VBN  in_IO  perspiration_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  stopped_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  through_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  from_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  family_NN  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN  Farrari_NP  was_VBDZ  known_VBN  all_RR  over_IO  Italy_NP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  news_NN  ever_RR  got_VVD  back_RP  home_NN1    he_PPHO1  shuddered_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  quiet_JJ  little_JJ  street_NN  and_CC  watched_VVD  a_AT1  light_NN  come_VV0  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  shop_NN  .  
    dear_JJ  God_NP  ,_,    whispered_VVD  Gino_NP  ,_,    what_DDQ  shall_VM  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  .    
  the_AT1  gun_NN  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  heavier_JJ  and_CC  heavier_JJ  .  
  suddenly_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  must_VM  do_VD0  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  grim_JJ  ,_,  his_APP$  demeanour_NN  calm_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  again_RR  walked_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  care_VV0  what_DDQ  anybody_PN1  thought_VVD  or_CC  said_VVD  !_!  
  no_PN1  one_PN  worried_VVD  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  nobody_PN1  cared_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  stalked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  and_CC  stopped_VVD  three_MC  yards_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  counter_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  men_NNS  inside_RP  .  
  the_AT1  older_JJ  one_MC1  was_VBDZ  putting_VBG  something_PN1  away_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  shelf_NN  .  
  Gino_NP  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  and_CC  walked_VVD  toward_IO  the_AT1  fat_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  reading_VBG  the_AT1  evening_NN  paper_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  ,_,  jerky_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  Luger_NP  from_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  his_APP$  hand_NN  shook_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  sick_JJ  with_IO  shame_NN  .  
    how_CS .  ,_,    he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  gun_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  counter_NN  ,_,    how_CS much_DA  you_PPY  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  for_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  please_UH  .    
  communication_NN  .  
  terror_NN  roared_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  family_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  lonely_JJ  night_NN  .  
  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  agonising_JJ  struggle_NN  to_TO  save_VV0  them_PPHO1    and_CC  prove_VV0  himself_PPX1  .  
  by_IO  \0A_NP  \0E_NP  Treppass_NP  .  
  illustration_NN  by_IO  Bernard_NP  Blatch_NP  .  
  the_AT1  large_JJ  illuminated_JJ  sign_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  side_NN  etched_VVD  its_APP$  message_NN  sharply_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  cool_JJ  darkness_NN  :_:  
  stop_VV0    one_MC1  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  ahead_RR    for_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  for_IO  miles_NNS  .  
  Charles_NP  Corran_NP  smiled_VVD  and_CC  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  red_JJ  brick_NN  cafe*?2_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  rose_NN  garden_NN  and_CC  gravel_NN  car_NN  park_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  tempted_VBN  to_TO  stop_VV0  there_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  holiday_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  late_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  home_NN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  more_RR  than_RR  tempted_VBN  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  just_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  lay_VVD  the_AT1  twenty-mile_JB  long_JJ  ,_,  lonely_JJ  road_NN  across_IO  Rannet_NP  Moors_NPLS  ;_;  a_AT1  wearisome_JJ  journey_NN  ,_,  particularly_RR  so_RG  late_RR  at_IO  night_NN  when_CS all_DB  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  doze_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  steering_NN  column_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slowed_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_IO  Meg_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  half_DB  light_NN  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  tired_JJ  and_CC  a_RR  little_RR  sad_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  holiday_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  all_DB  been_VBN  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  sea_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  lazily_RR  and_CC  stirred_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  seat_NN  ,_,  enough_RR  to_TO  glance_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  children_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  snuggled_VBN  sleepily_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  Tony_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  five_MC  and_CC  precocious_JJ  ,_,  opened_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  murmured_VVD  :_:  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  what_DDQ  ,_,  Daddy_NNSB1  .    
    have_VH0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  ,_,    Meg_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  orange_NN  ,_,    Belle_NP  informed_VVD  them_PPHO1  ,_,  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  authority_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  eleven_MC  years_NNS  .  
    with_IO  a_AT1  straw_NN  ,_,    Tony_NP  added_VVD  .  
    good_JJ  .    
  Charles_NP  signalled_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  turning_VBG  left_RR  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  nosed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  car_NN  park_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  noise_NN  beside_IO  them_PPHO1  like_IO  an_AT1  aero_JB  engine_NN  and_CC  two_MC  unsilenced_JJ  motor_NN  cycles_NNS  carrying_VBG  black_JJ  ,_,  helmeted_JJ  figures_NNS  roared_VVD  right_RR  across_IO  his_APP$  path_NN  ,_,  spraying_VBG  gravel_NN  over_IO  his_APP$  bonnet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  braked_VVD  instantly_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  steering_NN  wheel_NN  hit_VVD  his_APP$  chest_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  .  
  Meg_NP  cried_VVD  out_RP  as_CS  her_APP$  head_NN  bumped_VVD  the_AT1  windscreen_NN  and_CC  Tony_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  sob_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
    the_AT1  devils_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  fiendish_JJ  devils_NNS  !_!    Meg_NP  snapped_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  leant_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  seat_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  Belle_NP  gather_VV0  Tony_NP  into_IO  her_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
  Charles_NP  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  realized_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  the_AT1  motorcycles_NNS  approaching_VBG  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  had_VHN  time_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  his_APP$  signal_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  until_CS  his_APP$  family_NN  were_VBDR  settled_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  accelerated_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  park_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  the_AT1  motorcycles_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  riders_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  glare_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  headlights_NNS  ,_,  braked_VVD  and_CC  slipped_VVD  purposefully_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  !_!    Meg_NP  pleaded_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  ignored_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  acrid_JJ  taste_NN  of_IO  fear_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  chest_NN  ached_VVD  .  
  his_APP$  legs_NNS  were_VBDR  rubbery_JJ  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  angry_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  his_APP$  tired_JJ  body_NN  off_IO  the_AT1  rack_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  weary_JJ  drive_NN  from_IO  Dorset_NP  and_CC  clenched_VVD  his_APP$  fists_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  riders_NNS  were_VBDR  standing_VBG  beside_IO  their_APP$  motorcycles_NNS  waiting_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  dressed_VBN  from_IO  head_NN  to_IO  foot_NN  in_IO  black_NN  ;_;  black_JJ  leggings_NNS  ,_,  boots_NNS  ,_,  zipper_NN  jacket_NN  ,_,  goggles_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  manner_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  insolent_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  startling_JJ  white_JJ  skull_NN  and_CC  crossbones_NNS  on_IO  each_DD1  black_JJ  crash_NN  helmet_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  young_JJ  and_CC  Charles_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  lash_VV0  out_RP  at_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  maniacs_NNS  !_!    he_PPHO1  snapped_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    turn_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  out_RP  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1  ,_,    the_AT1  slighter_JJ  one_MC1  drawled_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  hurts_VBZ  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  a_AT1  yard_NN  away_RP  from_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  towering_VBG  over_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  as_RG  tall_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  even_RR  taller_JJ  than_IO  he_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  control_VV0  his_APP$  fury_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  hammering_JJ  heart_NN  by_IO  taking_VBG  a_AT1  deep_JJ  ,_,  slow_JJ  breath_NN  .  
    you_PPY  crazy_JJ  lunatics_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  voice_NN  sounded_VVD  strange_JJ  and_CC  weak_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  kill_VV0  someone_PN1  someday_RR  .    
  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  ;_;  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  ,_,  hysterical_JJ  sound_NN  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  spat_VVD  .  
    so_RR  what_DDQ  .  
  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  you_PPY  why_CS should_VM  you_PPY  worry_VV0  .    
  Charles_NP  stepped_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  incensed_VBN  beyond_IO  reason_NN  .  
  instantly_RR  the_AT1  taller_JJ  thrust_VVD  his_APP$  body_NN  forward_RR  and_CC  warned_VVD  viciously_RR  :_:  
    you_PPY  touch_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  mate_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  call_VV0  the_AT1  cops_NNS  .    
  amazed_VBN  ,_,  Charles_NP  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  taller_JJ  one_MC1  sensed_VVD  his_APP$  advantage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  flipped_VVD  Charles'_PPIO2  tie_NN  out_RP  ,_,  turned_VVD  and_CC  caught_VVD  his_APP$  companion's_NN1$  arm_NN  .  
    c'm_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  boy_NN  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   blow_VV0  !_!  
  man_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  fella_NN  's_VBZ  a_AT1  drag_NN  !_!    
  Charles_NP  watched_VVD  them_PPHO1  strut_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  and_CC  realized_VVD  his_APP$  inadequacy_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  could_VM  communicate_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  arrogant_JJ  ,_,  teenage_JB  world_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  curt_JJ  questions_NNS  and_CC  harsh_JJ  answers_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  sudden_JJ  irrational_JJ  impulses_NNS  ;_;  a_AT1  world_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  changed_VBN  radically_RR  in_IO  the_ATP$  fury_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  
  Meg_NP  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  then_RL  held_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  door_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  anger_NN  switched_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  an_AT1  invalid_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  checked_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  held_VVD  the_AT1  anger_NN  back_RP  ,_,  and_CC  slid_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  driving_NN  seat_NN  .  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  on_RP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  a_AT1  request_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  question_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  .  
  twenty_MC  miles_NNS  across_IO  Rannet_NP  Moor_NNL1  ,_,  through_IO  Bisset_NP  and_CC  Scowlea_NP  ,_,  then_RL  home_NN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  wait_VV0  an_AT1  hour_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  some_DD  orange_NN  ,_,    Tony_NP  begged_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  Meg_NP  soothed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    hush_UH  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  get_VV0  home_NN1  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  any_DD  here_RL  .    
    but_CCB  daddy_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  ask_VV0  ,_,    the_AT1  boy_NN  insisted_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,    Meg_NP  replied_VVD  easily_RR  as_CS  Charles_NP  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  engine_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  five_MC  miles_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  ribbon_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  moor_NN  road_NN  carefully_RR  ,_,  in_IO  silence_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ashamed_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  his_APP$  family_NN  ,_,  even_RR  Tony_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  ashamed_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  slowly_RR  his_APP$  body_NN  calmed_VVD  and_CC  his_APP$  brain_NN  cooled_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  home_NN1  ;_;  the_AT1  touch_NN  and_CC  sight_NN  and_CC  smell_NN  of_IO  familiar_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  himself_PPX1  that_CS  the_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  extension_NN  of_IO  home_NN1  and_CC  that_CS  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  it_PPH1  nothing_PN1  more_DA  could_VM  go_VV0  wrong_RR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  moors_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  cold_JJ  ,_,  uneasy_JJ  waste_NN  where_CS every_AT1  bush_NN  and_CC  shadow_NN  and_CC  dark_JJ  rise_NN  hid_VVD  watching_JJ  eyes_NNS  and_CC  alien_JJ  fingers_NNS  .  
  suddenly_RR  Meg_NP  nudged_VVD  him_PPHO1  gently_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  rear_JB  view_NN  mirror_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  29_MC  .  
  the_AT1  black_JJ  candle_NN  Saturday_NN1  night_NN  cellar_NN  party_NN  was_VBDZ  on_RP  .  
  the_AT1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  approaching_VBG  midnight_NN  .  
  Margot_NP  and_CC  Jasmine_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  together_RR  shortly_RR  after_IO  ten_MC  .  
  before_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  at_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne's_PPIO2  invitation_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  spent_VBN  a_AT1  pleasant_JJ  half_DB  hour_NN  with_IO  Con_NP  O'Shea_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Narain_NP  Khuma_NP  at_IO  a_AT1  table_NN  for_IO  four_MC  .  
  at_IO  another_DD1  table_NN  nearby_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  and_CC  two_MC  of_IO  his_APP$  officers_NNS  in_IO  plain_JJ  clothes_NNS  were_VBDR  quietly_RR  chatting_VBG  together_RR  .  
  ordinary_JJ  members_NNS  had_VHD  quitted_VBN  the_AT1  club_NN  premises_NNS  which_DDQ  appeared_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  closed_VBN  and_CC  only_RR  Percy_NP  ,_,  weary_JJ  and_CC  fed_JJ  up_JJ"  was_VBDZ  compelled_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  ill-lit_JJ  little_JJ  cubby_NN  hole_NN  still_RR  on_IO  duty_NN  after_IO  hours_NNS  until_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  permission_NN  to_TO  depart_VV0  .  
  saturnalia_NN  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  proceed_VV0  within_IO  that_DD1  profane_JJ  cellar_NN  .  
  a_AT1  black_JJ  cock_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  white_JJ  hen_NN  had_VHD  passed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  flames_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  quench_VV0  the_AT1  unpleasant_JJ  stink_NN  of_IO  burnt_JJ  carcases_NNS  and_CC  feathers_NNS  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  in_IO  his_APP$  purple_JJ  and_CC  scarlet_JJ  bardic_JJ  robes_NNS  and_CC  peculiar_JJ  turbanned_JJ  headdress_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  swinging_VBG  about_RP  an_AT1  incense_NN  censer_NN  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  was_VBDZ  heavy_JJ  and_CC  thick_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  combined_JJ  smells_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  absent_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  while_NN  ,_,  entered_VVD  very_RG  hurriedly_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  stairway_NN  leading_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  premises_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  white_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  damask_NN  deeply_RR  lace-edged_JJ  cloth_NN  spread_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  refectory_NN  table_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  stood_VVD  the_AT1  golden_JJ  chalice_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  all_DB  had_VHD  drunk_VBN  and_CC  drained_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  hurriedly_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  chief_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  cornered_VBN  .  
  not_XX  a_AT1  hope_NN  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  away_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  entrance_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  turned_VVD  grey_JJ  .  
  without_IO  any_DD  waiting_NN  ,_,  panic-stricken_JJ  and_CC  regardless_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  scuttling_JJ  exit_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  cloak-room_NN  door_NN  leading_VBG  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  entrance_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  took_VVD  over_RP  with_IO  one_MC1  word_NN  .  
    scram_VV0  !_!    
  fright_NN  and_CC  alarm_NN  spread_VVD  amongst_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  guests_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  confusion_NN  to_TO  press_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  narrow_JJ  doorway_NN  a_AT1  paraffin_NN  radiator_NN  just_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  purple_JJ  and_CC  scarlet_JJ  muslin_NN  draped_JJ  platform_NN  was_VBDZ  upset_VBN  followed_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  explosion_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  burst_NN  of_IO  flame_NN  ,_,  instantly_RR  igniting_VBG  the_AT1  draperies_NNS  and_CC  matching_JJ  curtains_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  .  
  seizing_VBG  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  carpeting_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  attempted_VVD  to_TO  smother_VV0  and_CC  quench_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fire_NN  extinguisher_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  kept_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  club_NN  itself_PPX1  for_IO  handy_JJ  use_NN  .  
  the_AT1  flames_NNS  spread_VVD  and_CC  mounted_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  staggered_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  stairway_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  and_CC  dialled_VVD  999_MC  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  two_MC  companions_NNS  came_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rostrum_NN  where_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  concealing_VBG  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  and_CC  stood_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  faced_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  trembling_VBG  and_CC  shaking_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  ceased_VVD  to_TO  tremble_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  rigid_JJ  and_CC  straight_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  once_RR  again_RR  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  night_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  play_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  cast_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  minor_JJ  role_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  evil_JJ  man's_NN1$  dupe_NN  and_CC  confederate_NN  .  
  could_VM  he_PPHO1  have_VH0  cast_VBN  himself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  villain_NN  and_CC  apostate_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  attempted_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  his_APP$  captors_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  his_APP$  appearance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  show_NN  must_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  .  
  his_APP$  first_MD  night_NN  nerves_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  also_RR  his_APP$  last_DA  night_NN  dropped_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  lines_NNS  to_TO  speak_VV0  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  his_APP$  cue_NN  .  
    now_RL  then_RL  ,_,  Herman_NP  !_!    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman's_PPIO2  faintly_RR  mask-like_JJ  smile_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  pathetic_JJ  .  
    gentlemen_NNS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  at_IO  your_APP$  service_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  listen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  please_UH  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  take_VV0  too_RG  long_RR  then_RL  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  be_VB0  brief_JJ  .  
  can_VM  you_PPY  not_XX  smell_VV0  smoke_NN  .  
  turn_VV0  your_APP$  noses_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .    
  the_AT1  men_NNS  sniffed_VVD  and_CC  coughed_VBN  .  
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  your_APP$  trick_NN  .    snapped_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  .  
    trying_VBG  to_TO  smoke_VV0  us_PPIO2   out_RP  ,_,  eh_UH  .  
  been_VBN  burning_VBG  something_PN1  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  something_PN1  better_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  show_VV0  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  way_NN  below_II  .    
    impossible_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  doing_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  .  
  a_AT1  pure_JJ  accident_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  paraffin_NN  lamps_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  upset_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  premises_NNS  are_VBR  on_IO  fire_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  just_RR  phoned_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  brigade_NN  .  
  arrest_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  whatever_DDQ  information_NN  you_PPY  wish_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  give_VV0  you_PPY  later_RRR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  willing_JJ  to_TO  provide_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  knave_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  low_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  spreader_NN  of_IO  iniquity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  scarpering_VBG  even_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  had_VHN  enough_DD  to_TO  last_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
    tail_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  ,_,  Herman_NP  !_!    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  and_CC  his_APP$  men_NNS  were_VBDR  now_RL  uncomfortably_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  and_CC  that_CS  the_AT1  club_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  fire_NN  .  
    where_CS 's_VBZ  Copthorne_NP  .    
    my_APP$  leader_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  fiendish_JJ  racket_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_JJ  sir_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  well_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  by_IO  now_RL  to_IO  where_CS I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  even_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  know_VV0  for_RR  certain_RR  and_CC  told_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  doubt_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  catch_VV0  up_RP  with_IO  his_APP$  Rover_NP  90_MC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  had_VHN  a_AT1  good_JJ  start_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  conceivably_RR  be_VB0  down_RP  to_IO  Sussex_NP  or_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  airport_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  better_RRR  advised_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  into_IO  custody_NN  forthwith_RR  and_CC  lock_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  once_RR  more_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  all_RR  too_RG  familiar_JJ  confines_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  prison_NN  cell_NN  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  under_IO  arrest_VV0  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  coughed_VVD  as_CS  a_AT1  swirl_NN  of_IO  acrid_JJ  smoke_NN  drifted_VVD  past_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  officers_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  held_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
    put_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  bangles_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  fire_NN  brigade_NN  has_VHZ  arrived_VBN  .  
  hear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  Regis_NP  Road_NNL1  pavements_NNS  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  crowded_JJ  with_IO  late-homers_NNS  gathering_VBG  to_TO  witness_VV0  a_AT1  fire_NN  in_IO  full_JJ  bloom_NN  .  
  standing_NN  room_NN  only_RR  for_IO  nothing_PN1  to_TO  pay_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  pray_VV0  you_PPY  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  continue_VV0  to_TO  speak_VV0  the_AT1  tag_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  played_VVD  Hamlet_NP  once_RR  and_CC  how_CS I_PPIS1  gloried_VVD  in_IO  that_DD1  role_NN  although_CS  the_AT1  performance_NN  only_RR  took_VVD  place_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  country_NN  public_JJ  hall_NN      
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  enough_DD  ,_,  Herman_NP  .    
  the_AT1  firemen_NNS  were_VBDR  in_RP  ,_,  Percy_NP  ,_,  Con_NP  O'Shea_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  were_VBDR  all_DB  upon_IO  the_AT1  scene_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Herman_NP  raised_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  hubbub_NN  and_CC  roar_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  and_CC  flames_NNS  .  
  infinite_JJ  pathos_NN  ,_,  regret_NN  and_CC  sadness_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    how_CS weary_JJ  ,_,  stale_JJ  ,_,  flat_JJ  and_CC  unprofitable_JJ  seem_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  uses_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  world_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unweeded_JJ  garden_NN  that_PNQS grows_VBZ  to_IO  seed_NN  .  
  things_NNS  rank_JJ  and_CC  gross_JJ  in_IO  nature_NN  possess_VV0  it_PPH1      
    pipe_VV0  down_RP  !_!    
  the_AT1  two_MC  police_NNS  officers_NNS  hustled_VVD  him_PPHO1  forward_RR  towards_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  .  
  Con_NP  suddenly_RR  brushed_VVD  past_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
    the_AT1  cat_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  cat_NN  !_!    
  Percy_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  hold_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  .  
  so_PN1  did_VDD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  .  
    the_AT1  cat_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  got_VBN  itself_PPX1  out_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  coal-shoot_NN  .  
  bound_VBN  to_TO      
    it_PPH1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  it_PPH1  mewing_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  and_CC  certain_JJ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  cat_NN    let_VV0  go_VV0  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  George_NP  !_!    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  a_AT1  fool_NN  ,_,  Con_NP  !_!    
    get_VV0  outside_RP  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  unless_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  smothered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  wait_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  joining_VBG  you_PPY  in_IO  a_AT1  minute_NN  or_CC  two_MC  with_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  white_JJ  cat_NN  in_IO  me_APP$  arms_NNS  !_!    
  Con_NP  pushed_VVD  himself_PPX1  free_JJ  and_CC  dashed_VVD  forward_RR  .  
  chapter_NN  30_MC  .  
  the_AT1  speed_NN  dash_NN  into_IO  Sussex_NP  was_VBDZ  near_II  to_IO  its_APP$  end_NN  .  
  the_AT1  titled_JJ  displaced_JJ  person_NN  chauffeur_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  ,_,  intent_JJ  on_IO  the_AT1  wheel_NN  and_CC  covering_VBG  distance_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  not_XX  spoken_VBN  a_AT1  word_NN  .  
  nearing_VBG  the_AT1  village_NN  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  on_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  cowering_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
    stop_VV0  !_!    
    do_VD0  you_PPY  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  driven_VBN  home_NN1  .    
    no_UH  .  
  put_VV0  me_PPIO1  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .    
    very_RG  good_JJ  .    
  the_AT1  chauffeur_NN  did_VDD  not_XX    sir_VV0    his_APP$  employer_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  halted_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  lych_NN  gate_NN  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  almost_RR  fell_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  bardic_JJ  robes_NNS  impeding_VBG  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  see_VV0  you_PPY  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .    
    perhaps_RR  .    
    perhaps_RR  .  
  but_CCB    but_CCB  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Count_NNSB1  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  how_CS I_PPIS1  rely_VV0  on_IO  your_APP$  services_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  chauffeur_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  deign_VV0  to_TO  answer_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  self-possessed_JJ  and_CC  silent_JJ  as_CS  always_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  lych_NN  gate_NN  for_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  ,_,  closed_VVD  it_PPH1  after_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  drove_VVD  away_RP  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  stumbled_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  door_NN  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  heavy_JJ  handle_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  locked_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  verger_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  to_TO  open_VV0  it_PPH1  first_MD  thing_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  rector_NN  liked_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  church_NN  open_JJ  all_DB  day_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  proud_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  venerable_JJ  old_JJ  edifice_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  Norman_JJ  tower_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  made_VBN  good_JJ  and_CC  sound_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  restoration_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  stone_NN  and_CC  wood_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  ensure_VV0  its_APP$  preservation_NN  for_IO  many_DA  many_DA  years_NNS  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  generous_JJ  purse_NN  of_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  ,_,  squire_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manor_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  knew_VVD  a_AT1  way_NN  round_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  where_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  small_JJ  open_JJ  outbuilding_NN  where_CS the_AT1  grave_NN  digger_NN  kept_VVD  his_APP$  spades_NNS  and_CC  forks_NNS  and_CC  tidying_NN  up_RP  implements_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  open_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  entered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  seated_VVD  himself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  huddle_NN  upon_IO  an_AT1  upturned_JJ  wheelbarrow_NN  .  
  his_APP$  curious_JJ  headgear_NN  fell_VVD  off_RP  .  
  strange_JJ  things_NNS  were_VBDR  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  bewildered_JJ  brain_NN  .  
  when_CS a_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  drowning_VBG  and_CC  towards_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  gasp_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  scientifically_RR  supposed_VBN  his_APP$  whole_JJ  life_NN  came_VVD  up_RP  before_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  some_DD  cinematic_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  sequence_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  dry_JJ  land_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  outbuilding_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  happening_VBG  to_IO  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  himself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  sulky_JJ  ,_,  ugly_JJ  ,_,  malformed_JJ  ,_,  repressed_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  young_JJ  youth_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  himself_PPX1  refusing_VBG  baptism_NN  according_IO  to_II  the_AT1  sect_NN  his_APP$  parents_NNS  belonged_VVD  to_IO  .  
  walking_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  chapel_NN  later_RRR  on_RP  .  
  continuing_VBG  on_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  leaping_JJ  mind_NN  flashed_VVD  pictures_NNS  of_IO  chicanery_NN  and_CC  corruption_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  growth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  deadly_JJ  decadence_NN  and_CC  absorption_NN  in_IO  debasement_NN  and_CC  Satanic_JJ  debauchery_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  himself_PPX1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  become_VBN  ,_,  a_AT1  misbegotten_JJ  ,_,  infamous_JJ  ,_,  recidivist_NN  ,_,  past_IO  praying_VBG  for_IO  .  
  the_AT1  church_NN  clock_NN  was_VBDZ  striking_VBG  seven_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  slipped_VBN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  stone_NN  floor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gathered_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  swaying_VBG  and_CC  uncertain_JJ  and_CC  stumbled_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  again_RR  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  verger_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  unlocked_VBN  it_PPH1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  depart_VV0  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  entering_VBG  in_IO  his_APP$  very_RG  strange_JJ  purple_JJ  and_CC  scarlet_JJ  robes_NNS  get-up_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  make_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  attending_VBG  some_DD  kind_NN  of_IO  fancy_JJ  dress_NN  do_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  very_RG  strange_JJ  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  looked_VVD  .  
  mad_JJ  ,_,  hunted_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  poor_JJ  fellow_NN  had_VHD  rocks_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  so_PN1  the_AT1  verger_NN  described_VVD  afterwards_RR  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  very_RG  early_RR  about_RP  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  speak_VV0  normally_RR  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  travelled_VVD  down_RP  from_IO  London_NP  as_CS  the_AT1  dawn_NN  was_VBDZ  breaking_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  thought_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  like_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  inside_RP  .  
  very_RG  remiss_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  .  
  the_AT1  verger_NN  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  in_RP  .  
    the_AT1  stained_JJ  glass_NN  windows_NNS  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  date_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  fourteenth_MD  century_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  looked_VVD  and_CC  saw_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  stealing_VBG  through_RP  upon_IO  the_AT1  illuminated_JJ  figures_NNS  of_IO  Saints_NNSB2  and_CC  a_AT1  central_JJ  figure_NN  upon_IO  a_AT1  cross_NN  .  
    ah_UH  !_!    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    that_DD1  figure_NN    that_DD1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  afraid_JJ  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  verger_NN  was_VBDZ  simple_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  nature_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  died_VVD  for_IO  all_DB  .    
    and_CC  Christianity_NN1  goes_VBZ  on_RP  !_!    
    yes_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  and_CC  always_RR  will_VM  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne's_PPIO2  breathing_NN  was_VBDZ  deep_JJ  and_CC  laboured_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  sighing_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  like_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  belfry_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  come_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  like_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  myself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  verger_NN  waited_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  lych_NN  gate_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne_NP  ascended_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  belfry_NN  .  
  the_AT1  verger_NN  could_VM  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  standing_VBG  there_RL  on_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  edge_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bit_NN  risky_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  either_LE  cast_VBN  himself_PPX1  down_RP  or_CC  stumbled_VBN  and_CC  fallen_VBN  .  
  there_RL  he_PPHO1  lay_VVD  stretched_VBN  out_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  fat_JJ  figure_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  crude_JJ  spread-eagle_NN  ,_,  face_NN  forward_RR  .  
  the_AT1  verger_NN  ran_VVD  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  shift_VV0  the_AT1  unwieldy_JJ  figure_NN  and_CC  raise_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Copthorne's_PPIO2  head_NN  fell_VVD  sideways_RR  .  
  very_RG  faintly_RR  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  bare_JJ  murmur_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  verger_NN  caught_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  words_NNS  he_PPHO1  uttered_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  still_RR  baffled_JJ  .    
  chapter_NN  31_MC  .  
  on_IO  Sunday_NN1  afternoon_NN  a_AT1  telephone_NN  message_NN  was_VBDZ  conveyed_VBN  to_IO  Margot_NP  by_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Maclaren_NP  ,_,  very_RG  quietly_RR  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  fourth_MD  floor_NN  landing_NN  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  having_VHG  his_APP$  Sunday_NN1  afternoon_NN  nap_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  considerate_JJ  little_JJ  woman_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  disturb_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    a_AT1  gentleman_NN  whose_PNQV$  name_NN  is_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Butler_NP  ,_,  has_VHZ  just_RR  rung_VBN  up_RP  to_TO  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  some_DD  urgent_JJ  news_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  Jasmine_NP  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  coming_VBG  round_RP  now_RL  in_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  friend_NN  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  his_APP$  voice_NN  sounded_VVD  very_RG  grave_JJ  ,_,  dear_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  stressed_VVD  that_CS  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  a_AT1  subject_NN  that_PNQS might_VM  upset_VV0  your_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  best_JJT  to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  yet_RR  awhile_RR  .  
  Jasmine_NP  is_VBZ  getting_VBG  herself_PPX1  ready_JJ  now_RL  .  **"_**'  there_EX  were_VBDR  few_DA  passengers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  and_CC  Gavin_NP  was_VBDZ  quickly_RR  through_IO  the_AT1  customs_NNS  .  
    Gay_NP  !_!    
    Gavin_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  girl_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  luggage_NN  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  together_RR  .  
  the_AT1  porter_NN  brought_VVD  Gavin's_PPIO2  bag_NN  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  taxi_NN  .  
    just_RR  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,    Gavin_NP  pressed_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  smiled_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  check_VV0  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  flights_NNS  back_RP  .    
  Gay_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  waiting_JJ  taxi_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  found_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  excitement_NN  of_IO  meeting_VBG  Gavin_NP  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  her_APP$  sun-glasses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  veranda_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  quickly_RR  back_RP  to_TO  fetch_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  Gavin_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  got_VBN  off_IO  the_AT1  plane_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  writing_VBG  something_PN1  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket-book_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  sick_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  despair_NN  Gay_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  address_NN  .  
  Gavin_NP  joined_VVD  her_PPHO1  and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  dispelled_VVD  her_APP$  fears_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  little_JJ  bit_NN  you_PPY  saw_VVD  me_PPIO1  talking_VBG  to_IO  ,_,  her_APP$  father_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  big_JJ  land_NN  agent_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  says_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  sometimes_RR  has_VHZ  farms_NNS  for_IO  lease_NN  .  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  ,_,  Gay_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  farm_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  !_!    
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  cafe*?2_NN  opposite_II  after_IO  dinner_NN  .    
  Gay_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  opposite_IO  Gavin_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  could_VM  hardly_RR  believe_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  girl_NN  ,_,  miserable_JJ  ,_,  shy_JJ  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  sat_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  table_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  Gavin_NP  raised_VVD  his_APP$  glass_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  smiled_VVD  and_CC  Gay's_PPIO2  heart_NN  turned_VVD  over_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  like_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  that_DD1  .    
  Gavin_NP  drained_VVD  his_APP$  glass_NN  and_CC  refilled_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
    and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  stroll_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  a_AT1  moon_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  must_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  wasted_VBN  .    
  he_PPHO1  gestured_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  where_CS the_AT1  full_JJ  moon_NN  was_VBDZ  just_RR  rising_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  rocks_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  laid_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  hers_PP$  .  
  Gay_NP  smiled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  again_RR  ,_,  happy_JJ  beyond_IO  belief_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  now_RL  Gavin_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  her_PPHO1  only_RR  ,_,  yet_CF  remembering_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  the_AT1  kisses_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  giving_VBG  Elaine_NP  .  
  all_DB  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  would_VM  put_VV0  it_PPH1  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  jealous_JJ  again_RR  ,_,  would_VM  even_RR  take_VV0  Larry's_PPIO2  advice_NN  and_CC  look_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  if_CS  need_NN  be_VB0  .  
    I_PPIS1  say_VV0  !_!    
  Gavin_NP  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  girl_NN  !_!    
  Gay_NP  glanced_VVD  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  lovely_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  French_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  very_RG  well_RR  known_JJ  model_NN  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  only_RR  arrived_VVD  today_NN1  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  yacht_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  with_IO  are_VBR  the_AT1  Belgians_NP2  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  about_IO  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  so_RG  nice_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    does_VBZ  everyone_PN1  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  opposite_II  after_IO  dinner_NN  .    Gavin_NP  enquired_VVD  casually_RR  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  older_JJ  people_NNS  usually_RR  stay_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  have_VH0  coffee_NN  and_CC  some_DD  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  up_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .    
  Bernice_NP  came_VVD  over_RP  and_CC  was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  .  
  Gay_NP  felt_VVD  happy_JJ  and_CC  proud_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  introduction_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  ,_,    Bernice_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    are_VBR  you_PPY  coming_VBG  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  thought_VVD  that_CS  we_PPIS2  'd_VHD  go_VV0  opposite_II  .    
  Gay_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  other_DA  than_CS  be_VB0  alone_JJ  with_IO  Gavin_NP  and_CC  later_RRR  under_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  glorious_JJ  moon_NN  hear_VV0  his_APP$  explanation_NN  of_IO  everything_PN1  and_CC  in_IO  shared_JJ  kisses_NNS  put_VV0  it_PPH1  all_DB  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  dinner_NN  and_CC  Gay_NP  went_VVD  upstairs_RL  to_TO  get_VV0  her_APP$  stole_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  night_NN  was_VBDZ  warm_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  sky_NN  cloudless_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  cooler_JJ  later_RRR  on_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  herself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  ,_,  wanting_VBG  so_RG  much_RR  to_TO  look_VV0  lovely_JJ  for_IO  Gavin_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  lightly_RR  powdered_VVD  her_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  drew_VVD  a_AT1  pale_JJ  lipstick_NN  across_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  picked_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  stole_NN  and_CC  ran_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  to_IO  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  hall_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  thinking_VBG  that_CS  perhaps_RR  Gavin_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  outside_RP  when_CS Larry_NP  came_VVD  through_RP  ,_,  tall_JJ  and_CC  elegant_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  white_JJ  dinner_NN  jacket_NN  .  
    hullo_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  looking_VBG  very_RG  lovely_JJ  .    
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Larry_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  feeling_VBG  very_RG  happy_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  good_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  all_RR  right_RR  now_RL  .    
    oh_UH  yes_UH  ,_,  thanks_NNS  a_AT1  lot_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  advice_NN  .  
  Gavin_NP  is_VBZ  here_RL  !_!  and_CC  before_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  write_VV0  !_!    
    here_RL  .  
  you_PPY  mean_VV0  the_AT1  man_NN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  dining_VBG  with_IO  is_VBZ  Gavin_NP  .    Larry_NP  asked_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  surprised_JJ  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  wonderful_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  flew_VVD  over_RP  from_IO  Barcelona_NP  and_CC  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  stay_VV0  two_MC  days_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  wait_VV0  here_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  around_RP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  .    
  Larry_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  a_RR  little_RR  strangely_RR  ,_,  paused_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  something_PN1  ,_,  then_RL  with_IO  a_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  walked_VVD  off_RP  to_TO  join_VV0  a_AT1  smart_JJ  looking_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  Gay_NP  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  puzzled_JJ  ,_,  went_VVD  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  .  
  Doc_NP  and_CC  Lilyan_NP  were_VBDR  sitting_VBG  just_RR  inside_RP  having_VHG  coffee_NN  .  
    come_VV0  and_CC  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   and_CC  bring_VV0  your_APP$  boy_NN  friend_NN  ,_,    Doc_NP  called_VVD  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  Doc_NP  !_!    Lilyan_NP  remonstrated_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  booked_VBN  a_AT1  table_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  ,_,    Doc_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  packed_JJ  tonight_NN1  so_RR  come_VV0  and_CC  join_VV0  us_PPIO2   if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  find_VV0  a_AT1  table_NN  for_IO  two_MC  .    
  Gay_NP  thanked_VVD  him_PPHO1  and_CC  walked_VVD  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  thinking_NN  that_CS  perhaps_RR  Gavin_NP  had_VHD  bought_VBN  a_AT1  drink_NN  and_CC  taken_VBN  it_PPH1  outside_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  round_RP  scanning_VBG  the_AT1  tables_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  caught_VVD  her_APP$  breath_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  cold_JJ  hand_NN  seeming_VBG  to_TO  clutch_VV0  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  Gavin_NP  was_VBDZ  seated_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  table_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  shadowy_JJ  corner_NN  talking_VBG  animatedly_RR  to_IO  Simone_NP  .  
  as_CS  Gay_NP  watched_VVD  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  the_AT1  girl_NN  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  and_CC  lit_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  his_APP$  hands_NNS  cupping_VBG  hers_PP$  in_IO  an_AT1  intimate_JJ  way_NN  .  
  Gay_NP  stood_VVD  irresolute_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  half_RR  decided_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  and_CC  join_VV0  Lilyan_NP  and_CC  Doc_NP  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  no_AT1  more_DA  than_CS  run_VV0  upstairs_RL  to_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  Gavin_NP  although_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  already_RR  flirting_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  met_VBN  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  before_II  .  
  Larry's_PPIO2  advice_NN  flashed_VVD  through_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  giving_VBG  a_AT1  little_JJ  gesture_NN  of_IO  hopelessness_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  her_APP$  pride_NN  would_VM  never_RR  allow_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  look_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  way_NN  and_CC  aware_JJ  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  her_APP$  love_NN  for_IO  Gavin_NP  had_VHD  already_RR  lessened_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  suffering_VBG  the_AT1  pangs_NNS  of_IO  jealousy_NN  .  
    Gay_NP  !_!    Gavin_NP  came_VVD  up_RP  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  took_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,    where_CS have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  .    
  Simone_NP  stood_VVD  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  cool_JJ  and_CC  poised_JJ  .  
    come_VV0  along_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  by_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  ,_,    now_RL  show_VV0  me_PPIO1  where_CS this_DD1  cafe*?2_NN  is_VBZ  .    
  Gay_NP  withdrew_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pretext_NN  of_IO  adjusting_VBG  her_APP$  stole_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  shuddering_VBG  at_IO  Gavin's_PPIO2  touch_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cafe*?2_NN  was_VBDZ  crowded_JJ  as_CS  Doc_NP  had_VHD  predicted_VBN  and_CC  Gay_NP  led_VVD  them_PPHO1  over_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  table_NN  ,_,  glad_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  with_IO  Gavin_NP  .  
  the_AT1  others_DA2  were_VBDR  all_DB  dancing_VBG  and_CC  as_CS  Gay_NP  drew_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  chair_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  Gavin_NP  ,_,  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  swept_VVD  Simone_NP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  mean_VV0  anything_PN1  ,_,    Gay_NP  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  desperately_RR  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0  Gavin's_PPIO2  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  and_CC  remembering_VBG  the_AT1  advice_NN  that_PNQS Larry_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  wretched_JJ  beyond_IO  words_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  shivered_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  despite_IO  the_AT1  warmth_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  and_CC  turning_VBG  round_RP  ,_,  reached_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  stole_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  chair_NN  .  
  without_IO  meaning_VBG  to_TO  spy_VV0  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  sight_NN  of_IO  Gavin_NP  and_CC  Simone_NP  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  dancing_VBG  very_RG  closely_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Gavin_NP  lay_VVD  his_APP$  cheek_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  girl's_NN1$  and_CC  whisper_VV0  something_PN1  in_IO  her_APP$  ear_NN  .  
  Simone_NP  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  smiling_VBG  and_CC  nodded_VVD  .  
  feeling_VBG  sick_JJ  with_IO  unhappiness_NN  ,_,  Gay_NP  drank_VVD  her_APP$  coffee_NN  ,_,  aware_JJ  now_RL  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  really_RR  known_VBN  before_II  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  Gavin_NP  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  come_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  to_IO  Marjorca_NP  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  then_RL  immediately_RR  start_VV0  flirting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  pretty_JJ  girl_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  met_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  ,_,  it_PPH1  showed_VVD  only_RR  too_RG  plainly_RR  that_CS  his_APP$  affection_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  depths_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  his_APP$  behaviour_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  boorish_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  of_IO  taste_NN  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unkind_JJ  beyond_IO  words_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  fumbled_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  packet_NN  which_DDQ  lay_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  not_XX  wanting_VBG  to_TO  smoke_VV0  but_CCB  needing_VBG  some_DD  action_NN  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  control_VV0  her_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
    come_VV0  and_CC  dance_VV0  ,_,    Doc's_PPIO2  cheery_JJ  voice_NN  came_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  lifeline_NN  and_CC  Gay_NP  got_VVD  up_RP  quickly_RR  ,_,  managing_VBG  a_AT1  smile_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  swung_VVD  her_PPHO1  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  Gay_NP  saw_VVD  Gavin_NP  and_CC  Simone_NP  go_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  that_PNQS led_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  .  
  Gay_NP  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  in_IO  disgust_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fully_RR  aware_JJ  that_CS  Gavin_NP  would_VM  make_VV0  love_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  girl_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  soon_RR  and_CC  after_CS  Simone_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  expect_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  accept_VV0  his_APP$  kisses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
    and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  man_NN  whom_WPO  you_PPY  have_VH0  been_VBN  eating_VBG  your_APP$  heart_NN  out_RP  over_IO  .    
  Doc_NP  nodded_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
    you_PPY  may_VM  consider_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  mentally_RR  adolescent_JJ  cad_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Doc_NP  .    Gay_NP  protested_VVD  weakly_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  Gavin_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  only_RR  met_VBN  him_PPHO1  today_NN1  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  can_VM  safely_RR  say_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  great_JJ  deal_NN  better_RRR  than_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  .    
  Doc_NP  gave_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  a_AT1  shake_NN  .  
    wake_VV0  up_RP  Gay_NP  ,_,  and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  even_RR  contemplate_VV0  throwing_VBG  yourself_PPX1  away_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  chap_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  fine_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  intelligent_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  pretty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  sensible_JJ  too_RR  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  make_VV0  a_AT1  fool_NN  of_IO  yourself_PPX1  over_IO  someone_PN1  who_PNQS does_VBZ  n't_XX  care_VV0  two_MC  jots_NNS  for_IO  your_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  behaves_VBZ  like_IO  this_DD1  now_RL  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  your_APP$  married_JJ  life_NN  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  like_IO  .  
  hell_NN  .    
  Doc_NP  answered_VVD  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    just_RR  hell_NN  .  
  never_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  trust_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  your_APP$  sight_NN  and_CC  having_VHG  to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  a_AT1  brave_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  pretend_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  whenever_CS he_PPHO1  flirts_VBZ  with_IO  another_DD1  woman_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  always_RR  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  are_VBR  n't_XX  the_AT1  type_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  tough_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  change_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  Gay_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  Doc_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  now_RL  that_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  realise_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  sadly_RR  ,_,    if_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  change_VV0  Gavin_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  sound_VV0  like_IO  Alice_NP  in_IO  Wonderland_NP  ,_,    Doc_NP  gently_RR  mocked_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  you_PPY  're_VBR  beginning_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  wasting_VBG  your_APP$  time_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  chap_NN  .  
  now_RL  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  long_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  man_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  come_VV0  along_RP  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  thirty_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  and_CC  were_VBDR  n't_XX  married_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  sweetest_JJT  wife_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  marry_VV0  you_PPY  myself_PPX1  .    
  Gay_NP  laughed_VVD  ,_,  Doc_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  kind_JJ  and_CC  nice_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  situation_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  obviously_RR  appeared_VVD  to_IO  everyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
  Doc_NP  asked_VVD  Lilyan_NP  to_TO  dance_VV0  and_CC  once_RR  again_RR  Gay_NP  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  alone_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  feeling_VBG  self-conscious_JJ  and_CC  awkward_JJ  ,_,  sure_JJ  that_CS  people_NNS  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  Gavin_NP  was_VBDZ  behaving_VBG  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  seen_VBN  them_PPHO1  dining_VBG  together_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  her_APP$  bag_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  her_APP$  compact_NN  and_CC  saw_VVD  Grace's_PPIO2  letter_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  and_CC  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  glad_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  occupy_VV0  herself_PPX1  .  
    so_RG  glad_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  having_VHG  such_DA  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  dearie_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  ran_VVD  .  
    your_APP$  cards_NNS  are_VBR  lovely_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  rang_VVD  up_RP  Miss_NNSB1  Harland_NP  and_CC  have_VH0  been_VBN  over_RP  to_TO  sit_VV0  with_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  and_CC  do_VD0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  for_IO  him_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  get_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  do_VD0  her_APP$  shopping_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  on_RP  well_RR  but_CCB  is_VBZ  pretty_RR  helpless_JJ  still_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  broken_JJ  arm_NN  .  
  no_AT1  other_DA  news_NN  except_CS  that_CS  Elaine_NP  is_VBZ  engaged_VBN  and_CC  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  .  .    
  Gay_NP  read_VVD  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  letter_NN  then_RL  put_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  bag_NN  .  
  Elaine_NP  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  time_NN  with_IO  at_IO  her_APP$  party_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  why_CS Gavin_NP  had_VHD  come_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  clear_JJ  now_RL  ,_,  and_CC  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  surprise_NN  Gay_NP  felt_VVD  no_AT1  heartbreak_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  now_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  why_CS Gavin_NP  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  because_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  second_MD  best_JJT  .  
  the_AT1  others_DA2  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  all_DB  of_IO  them_PPHO1  making_VBG  a_AT1  fuss_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  at_RR  once_RR  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  happier_JJ  .  
  Gay_NP  loved_VVD  them_PPHO1  for_IO  their_APP$  warm_JJ  sympathy_NN  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  real_JJ  friends_NNS  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  new_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  dress_NN  ,_,    Lilyan_NP  commented_VVD  ,_,  obviously_RR  sensing_VBG  Gay's_PPIO2  distress_NN  and_CC  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  that_PNQS Doc_NP  ,_,  as_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  could_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  Gay_NP  was_VBDZ  as_RG  much_RR  ashamed_JJ  for_IO  Gavin_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  behaving_VBG  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hurt_VBN  for_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
    I_PPIS1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  myself_PPX1  ,_,    Gay_NP  tried_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  normally_RR  .  chapter_NN  one_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  hospital_NN  was_VBDZ  literally_RR  sited_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  cross-roads_NN  ,_,  though_CS  set_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  drive_NN  of_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  hundred_MC  and_CC  fifty_MC  yards_NNS  and_CC  cushioned_VBN  by_IO  rounded_JJ  shrubs_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  belt_NN  of_IO  trees_NNS  which_DDQ  helped_VVD  to_TO  absorb_VV0  the_AT1  noise_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  traffic_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  new_JJ  roundabout_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sign_NN  which_DDQ  gave_VVD  the_AT1  distances_NNS  to_IO  both_DB2  Edinburgh_NP  and_CC  London_NP  ,_,  Great_NP  Yarmouth_NP  and_CC  Liverpool_NP  ,_,  for_CS  besides_IO  being_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  cross-roads_NN  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  was_VBDZ  also_RR  sited_VBN  roughly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  highways_NNS  resembling_VBG  vast_JJ  arteries_NNS  pouring_VBG  the_AT1  flood_NN  tide_NN  of_IO  commerce_NN  and_CC  private_JJ  pleasure_NN  in_IO  four_MC  entirely_RR  different_JJ  directions_NNS  .  
  Diana_NP  Wills_NP  often_RR  sat_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  brand_NN  new_JJ  seat_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  gates_NNS  and_CC  thought_VVD  vagrant_JJ  thoughts_NNS  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  watched_VBN  the_AT1  workmen_NNS  constructing_VBG  the_AT1  roundabout_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  put_VV0  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  casualty_NN  department_NN  out_RP  of_IO  operation_NN    in_IO  theory_NN  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  herself_PPX1  as_IO  a_AT1  stranger_NN  in_IO  these_DD2  parts_NNS  studying_VBG  these_DD2  cross-roads_NNS  .  
  which_WDTI  one_MC1  to_TO  take_VV0  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  tramp_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  simply_RR  blow_VV0  a_AT1  feather_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  ,_,  rather_RR  envying_VBG  the_AT1  gentleman_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  his_APP$  freedom_NN  of_IO  decision_NN  ,_,  and_CC  wishing_VBG  life_NN  would_VM  sometimes_RR  allow_VV0  serious-minded_JJ  women_NNS  doctors_NNS  to_TO  blow_VV0  a_AT1  feather_NN  and_CC  follow_VV0  its_APP$  airy_JJ  directions_NNS  accordingly_RR  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  needing_VBG  a_AT1  job_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  London_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  wonderful_JJ  jobs_NNS  in_IO  London_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  take_VV0  my_APP$  pick_NN  ,_,  whereas_CS  in_IO  Yarmouth_NP  one_MC1  has_VHZ  to_TO  know_VV0  something_PN1  about_IO  fishing_NN  and_CC  in_IO  Liverpool_NP  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  want_VV0  sea-farers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  Edinburgh_NP  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Scot_NN1  and_CC  wanting_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  home_NN1  ,_,  or_CC  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  student_NN  studying_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  doctor_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  already_RR  know_VV0  all_DB  about_IO  that_DD1  .    
  being_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  cross-roads_NN  was_VBDZ  unsettling_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  also_RR  decided_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  felt_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  one_MC1  had_VHD  n't_XX  arrived_VBN  anywhere_RR  .  
  true_JJ  ,_,  \0St_NNSB1  John's_PPIO2  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  outskirts_NNS  of_IO  Farlingham_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  small_JJ  ,_,  prosperous_JJ  north_NN1  midlands_NNS  town_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  inhabitants_NNS  everybody_PN1  else_RR  regarded_VVD  Farlingham_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  spot_NN  where_CS one_MC1  could_VM  fill_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  have_VH0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  somewhere_RR  else_RR  with_IO  vastly_RR  more_DA  to_TO  offer_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  opportunity_NN  and_CC  entertainment_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  too_RG  cool_JJ  for_IO  sitting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  by_IO  early_JJ  October_NN1  ,_,  Di_NP  decided_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  collected_VVD  her_APP$  various_JJ  items_NNS  of_IO  shopping_NN    she_PPHO1  never_RR  carried_VVD  a_AT1  basket_NN    and_CC  prepared_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  inside_RP  for_IO  tea_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  chilled_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  bone_NN  and_CC  somewhat_RR  depressed_JJ  .  
  normally_RR  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  days_NNS  off_RP  ,_,  an_AT1  expedition_NN  into_IO  town_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  visit_NN  either_LE  to_IO  her_APP$  hairdresser_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  cinema_NN  and_CC  Nigel_NP  dashing_VBG  out_RP  to_TO  join_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  either_LE  luncheon_NN  or_CC  tea_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  screaming_JJ  red_JJ  \0M.G_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  to_IO  Nigel_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  sometimes_RR  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  theme_NN  of_IO    when_CS we_PPIS2  get_VV0  married_VBN    ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  all_DB  was_VBDZ  wonderful_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  had_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  slip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tongue_NN  when_CS Nigel_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  only_RR  last_DA  evening_NN  ,_,  
    if_CS  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  old_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  stop_VV0  that_DD1  lark_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  talking_VBG  about_IO  or_CC  which_WDTI    lark_NN    she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  stop_VV0  ,_,  only_LE  that_DD1  significant_JJ  tiny_JJ  word_NN  shouted_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  very_DA  soul_NN  a_AT1  horn_NN  of_IO  warning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  coupled_VBN  a_AT1  disembodied_JJ  fragment_NN  of_IO  information_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  now_RL  took_VVD  on_RP  an_AT1  ominous_JJ  significance_NN  :_:  Nigel_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  seen_VBN  in_IO  Farlingham_NP  on_IO  an_AT1  occasion_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sworn_VBN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  standing_VBG  in_RP  for_IO  Luke_NP  Parsons_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  surgery_NN  in_IO  Little_NP  Phelpham_NP  .  
  now_RL  Nigel_NP  had_VHD  every_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  during_IO  his_APP$  off-duty_JB  periods_NNS  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  free_JJ  ;_;  this_RG  much_DA  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  conceded_VBN  one_MC1  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  .  
  they_PPHS2  rarely_RR  found_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  off_IO  duty_NN  together_RR  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  situation_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  intolerable_JJ  had_VHD  there_EX  not_XX  been_VBN  some_DD  give_NN  and_CC  take_NN  about_IO  their_APP$  relationship_NN  .  
  so_RR  when_CS Nigel_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  about_IO  taking_VBG  Luke's_PPIO2  evening_NN  surgery_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,  
    bless_VV0  you_PPY  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  Luke_NP  is_VBZ  suitably_RR  grateful_JJ  ,_,  darling_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  diffidently_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  the_AT1  work_NN  .  
  one_MC1  gets_VBZ  plenty_NN  of_IO  variety_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  change_NN  .    
  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  hospital's_NN1$  junior_JJ  medical_JJ  Officer_NNSB1  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  free_JJ  about_IO  nine_MC  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  meet_VV0  me_PPIO1  for_IO  supper_NN  somewhere_RR  .    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  hopefully_RR  .  
    hardly_RR  likely_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  .  
  Luke's_PPIO2  surgery_NN  goes_VBZ  on_RP  for_IO  hours_NNS  .  
  if_CS  they_PPHS2  get_VV0  in_RP  before_IO  eight-thirty_MC  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  standing_VBG  on_IO  one_PPX2  another's_PPX2  toes_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  see_VV0  'em_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  free_JJ  ,_,  though_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  ring_NN  ,_,  \0O.K_UH  .    
  \0O.K_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  replied_VBN  readily_RR  .  
  so_RR  how_CS could_VM  Nigel_NP  have_VH0  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  roadhouse_NN  ,_,  dancing_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  blonde_NN  at_IO  eight-thirty_MC  that_DD1  very_DA  evening_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  Phil_NP  Gubbins_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  junior_JJ  houseman_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  Nigel_NP  you_PPY  saw_VVD  ,_,  my_APP$  lad_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Nigel's_PPIO2  car_NN  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  NUF_&FO  121_MC  .    
    he_PPHO1  probably_RR  loaned_VVD  his_APP$  car_NN  to_IO  somebody_PN1  ,_,  Phil_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  always_RR  doing_VBG  that_DD1  .    
  young_JJ  Gubbins_NP  shrugged_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  Di_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  looked_VVD  like_IO  Nigel_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  \0D.j_NP  and_CC  all_DB  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  such_DA  as_IO  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .    
    neither_RR  can_VM  Nigel_NP  ,_,    smiled_VVD  Diana_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  saving_VBG  up_RP  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  .  
  remember_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  ,_,    quipped_VVD  the_AT1  houseman_NN  ,_,  meaning_VBG  no_AT1  offence_NN  ,_,    but_CCB  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .  
  that_DD1  blonde_NN  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  .    
    anybody_PN1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  a_AT1  good_JJ  look_NN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  important_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    Di_NP  said_VVD  immediately_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  at_IO  all_DB  important_JJ  .    
  but_CCB  after_IO  that_DD1  slight_JJ  slip_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tongue_NN  on_IO  Nigel's_PPIO2  part_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  realised_VBN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  important_JJ  enough_RGA  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  remembered_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  though_CS  a_AT1  red_JJ  mist_NN  veiled_VVD  her_APP$  usually_RR  clear_JJ  sight_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  think_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  abyss_NN  immediately_RR  ahead_RR  .  
    Nigel_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  besought_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,    you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  evening_NN  you_PPY  took_VVD  Luke_NP  Parson's_PPIO2  surgery_NN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  cyst_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  ear_NN  .  .    
    ye-es_UH  .    he_PPHO1  lowered_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  devotion_NN  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  over-indulge_VV0  .  
    what_DDQ  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  .    
    well_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  suddenly_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  upsurging_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  ,_,    that_DD1  stupid_JJ  Gubbins_NP  boy_NN  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  blonde_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  imagine_VV0  !_!    
  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  frowning_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  distinguished_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  frowned_VVD  ;_;  boyishly_RR  handsome_JJ  at_IO  other_DA  times_NNS  .  
    Gubbins_NP  .  
  Gubbins_NP  .    he_PPHO1  fretted_VVD  .  
    who_PNQS  's_VBZ  he_PPHO1  .    
  though_CS  Diana_NP  knew_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  every_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  staff_NN  ,_,  distinguished_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  Nigel_NP  often_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  think_VV0  hard_RR  to_TO  sort_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  carrotty_JJ  lad_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .    he_PPHO1  now_RL  demanded_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  doing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  load_NN  of_IO  trouble_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  .  
  his_APP$  motor-bike_NN  had_VHD  broken_VBN  down_RP  outside_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  your_APP$  car_NN  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  dancing_VBG  with_IO  this_DD1  blonde_NN  .    
    really_RR  .    Nigel_NP  cocked_VVD  one_MC1  eyebrow_NN  .  
    actually_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  brunette_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  roots_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  redhead_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  arm_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  this_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  actually_RR  see_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  your_APP$  car_NN  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  he_PPHO1  presumed_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  you_PPY  ,_,  all_RR  dressed_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  your_APP$  dinner_NN  suit_NN  .    
    my_APP$  white_JJ  or_CC  my_APP$  black_JJ  .    Nigel_NP  enquired_VVD  .  
    now_RL  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  which_WDTI  I_PPIS1  wore_VVD  at_IO  that_DD1  particular_JJ  surgery_NN  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  fool_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,    Di_NP  said_VVD  happily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  take_VV0  great_JJ  pleasure_NN  in_IO  telling_VBG  that_DD1  young_JJ  man_NN  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  were_VBDR  doing_VBG  that_DD1  evening_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  after_IO  kissing_VBG  her_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  rather_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  housemen_NNS  think_VV0  of_IO  me_PPIO1  as_IO  a_AT1  two-timing_JJ  Don_NNSB1  Juan_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  such_DA  a_AT1  dull_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,  really_RR  .    
    dull_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  self-deprecation_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  Nigel's_PPIO2  usual_JJ  attributes_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  need_VV0  your_APP$  holiday_NN  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  only_RR  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  go_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  !_!    
    Doctor_NNSB1  Wills_NP  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  making_VBG  improper_JJ  suggestions_NNS  .  .    
    it_PPH1  would_VM  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  more_RG  interesting_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  archly_RR  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  !_!    he_PPHO1  almost_RR  snapped_VVD  ,_,  surprising_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  sounded_VVD  like_IO  somebody_PN1  else_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  there_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  become_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  behave_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1    a_AT1  tart_NN  ,_,  Di_NP  .    
    Nigel_NP    !_!    she_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mean_VV0  to_TO  behave_VV0  like_IO  anything_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  joking_VBG  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  miserable_JJ  enough_RGA  my_APP$  having_VHG  to_TO  take_VV0  my_APP$  leave_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  without_IO  you_PPY  trying_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  bright_JJ  and_CC  gay_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  shooting_NN  party_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  can_VM  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  at_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  of_IO  year_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  ask_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  because_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  strictly_RR  stag_NN  affair_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  expect_VV0  .  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  keep_VV0  hinting_VBG  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  you_PPY  wish_VV0  you_PPY  could_VM  come_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ;_;  you_PPY  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  miss_VV0  you_PPY  ;_;  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  imagine_VV0  the_AT1  hospital_NN  without_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  ,_,  etcetera_RR  ,_,  etcetera_RR  !_!    
  Diana's_PPIO2  face_NN  was_VBDZ  drained_VBN  of_IO  colour_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  angry_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    am_VBM  I_PPIS1  expected_VBN  not_XX  to_TO  mind_VV0  your_APP$  going_VBG  away_RP  for_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  simply_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  noting_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pansy_NN  blue_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  his_APP$  fiance*?2e's_NN1$  best_JJT  feature_NN  .  
  her_APP$  hair_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  a_AT1  chestnut_NN  brown_JJ  shade_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  glinted_VVD  with_IO  gold_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  noticed_VBN  .  
  her_APP$  figure_NN  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  and_CC  exquisite_JJ  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  schoolgirl's_NN1$  still_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  admired_VVD  her_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  the_AT1  male_JJ  sex_NN  were_VBDR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  regard_VV0  first_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  mind_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  grimly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  tugged_VVD  her_PPHO1  fiercely_RR  into_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  ,_,  pet_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  need_VV0  this_DD1  leave_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  bad-tempered_JJ  and_CC  broody_JJ  and_CC  going_VBG  out_RP  with_IO  brash_JJ  blondes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  deserve_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    darling_NN  !_!    her_APP$  voice_NN  caressed_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    moments_NNS  like_IO  this_DD1  make_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  waiting_NN  worth_IO  while_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  're_VBR  married_VBN  we_PPIS2  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  these_DD2  explosions_NNS  of_IO  emotion_NN  ,_,  will_VM  we_PPIS2  .    
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  eyed_VVD  her_PPHO1  strangely_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  married_VBN  ,_,  Di_NP  .  
  like_CS  a_AT1  patient_NN  wishes_VBZ  his_APP$  operation_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .    
  again_RR  her_APP$  laughter_NN  trilled_VVD  .  
    marriage_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  as_RG  bad_JJ  as_IO  an_AT1  operation_NN  ,_,  Nigel_NP  !_!    
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  and_CC  smoothed_VVD  himself_PPX1  down_RP  .  
    ask_VV0  any_DD  bridegroom-to-be_NN  .  
  anyhow_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  particular_JJ  problem_NN  is_VBZ  n't_XX  looming_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  thank_VV0  God_NP  !_!    
  problem_NN  .  .  looming_VBG  .  .  
    are_VBR  we_PPIS2  discussing_VBG  a_AT1  marriage_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  burial_NN  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  hardly_RR  believing_VBG  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  serious_JJ  .  
    surely_RR  marrying_VBG  me_PPIO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  all_RR  that_RG  bad_JJ  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ      she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  uncertainly_RR      you_PPY  can_VM  have_VH0  your_APP$  ring_NN  back_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  loosened_VVD  the_AT1  half-hoop_NN  of_IO  diamonds_NNS  on_IO  her_APP$  left_JJ  hand_NN  third_MD  finger_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  still_RR  playfully_RR  .  
  without_IO  a_AT1  glimmer_NN  of_IO  amusement_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  eyes_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  looking_VBG  moodily_RR  beyond_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  well_JJ  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  wear_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,  Di_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  it_PPH1  !_!    she_PPHO1  protested_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  ring_NN  .    
    you_PPY  just_RR  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  joking_VBG  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  joking_VBG  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .    
    you_PPY  should_VM  n't_XX  joke_VV0  about_IO  serious_JJ  things_NNS  like_IO  engagements_NNS  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  such_DA  a_AT1  baby_NN  !_!    
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  an_AT1  open_JJ  quarrel_NN  any_DD  minute_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  almost_RR  in_IO  desperation_NN  she_PPHO1  appealed_VVD  ,_,  
    will_VM  you_PPY  meet_VV0  me_PPIO1  at_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  ,_,  four_MC  o'clock_RR  tomorrow_NN1  .    
    why_CS .    he_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  ,_,  combing_VBG  his_APP$  thick_JJ  ,_,  tawny_JJ  hair_NN  .  
    to_TO  bring_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  for_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  thought_VVD  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  suddenly_RR  seized_VVD  her_PPHO1  in_IO  an_AT1  embrace_NN  which_DDQ  really_RR  hurt_VVD  .  
    without_IO  your_APP$  ring_NN  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  like_IO  kissing_VBG  somebody_PN1  else's_RR  girl_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  wickedly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  again_RR  ,_,  somewhat_RR  startled_JJ  to_TO  receive_VV0  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  slap_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  pains_NNS  .  
    if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  somebody_PN1  else's_RR  girl_NN  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  'd_VM  get_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  flashed_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  so_RR  had_VHD  left_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  on_IO  her_APP$  dignity_NN  and_CC  not_XX  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  admiration_NN  and_CC  revelation_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  followed_VBN  her_APP$  slim_JJ  young_JJ  figure_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  sight_NN  .  
    mine_PP$  ,_,    Nigel_NP  Lester_NP  had_VHD  decided_VBN  with_IO  a_AT1  sigh_NN  of_IO  satisfaction_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  regarded_VVD  the_AT1  ring_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  retrieved_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
    at_IO  a_AT1  price_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  concluded_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  some_DD  bitterness_NN  .  
  thus_RR  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  parted_VBN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  evening_NN  and_CC  now_RL  Diana_NP  was_VBDZ  trailing_VBG  up_IO  the_AT1  gravelled_JJ  drive_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  alone_JJ  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  one_MC1  could_VM  n't_XX  say_VV0  for_RR  certain_RR  when_CS a_AT1  doctor_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  during_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ;_;  tea_NN  was_VBDZ  served_VBN  from_IO  four_MC  until_IO  five-thirty_MC  in_IO  the_AT1  residents'_NN2  common-room_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  proved_VVD  the_AT1  elasticity_NN  of_IO  medical_JJ  commitments_NNS  .  
  something_PN1  had_VHD  cropped_VBN  up_RP  which_DDQ  required_VVD  Nigel's_PPIO2  attention_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  ,_,  or_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  granted_VBN  her_APP$  small_JJ  request_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  met_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  often_RR  had_VHD  such_DA  a_AT1  rendezvous_NN  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  just_RR  time_NN  to_TO  smoke_VV0  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  if_CS  one_MC1  walked_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,  between_IO  road_NN  and_CC  hospital_NN  .  Carol_NP  waited_VVD  until_CS  after_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  she_PPHO1  sprang_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  started_VVD  quickly_RR  to_TO  dress_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  waken_VV0  Jacques_NP  and_CC  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  drive_VV0  her_PPHO1  into_IO  Nice_NP  to_IO  Jimmy's_PPIO2  hotel_NN  and_CC  together_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  diamond_NN  and_CC  emerald_NN  clip_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  Ray_NP  into_IO  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sentimental_JJ  loyalties_NNS  towards_IO  Grant_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  still_RR  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  escape_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  Grant_NP  did_VDD  escape_VV0  all_DB  hope_NN  of_IO  proving_VBG  Ray's_PPIO2  innocence_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  gone_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  act_VV0    and_CC  to_TO  act_VV0  quickly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  already_RR  aroused_VBN  Grant's_PPIO2  suspicions_NNS  by_IO  her_APP$  questions_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  quietly_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  staircase_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  short_JJ  distance_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  foyer_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  close_VV0  it_PPH1  after_IO  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  foot_NN  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  doorway_NN  .  
  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  was_VBDZ  seized_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  scream_VV0  a_AT1  pad_NN  was_VBDZ  thrust_VBN  into_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  something_PN1  shoved_VBN  into_IO  her_APP$  ribs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  turning_VBG  slightly_RR  sideways_RR  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  nozzle_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  revolver_NN  .  
    keep_VV0  going_VBG  ,_,    Grant_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  harsh_JJ  voice_NN  .  
    one_MC1  false_JJ  movement_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  're_VBR  as_RR  good_RR  as_RR  dead_JJ  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  kid_VV0  yourself_PPX1  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  timid_JJ  about_IO  using_VBG  this_DD1  revolver_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  life_NN  or_CC  yours_PP$  .    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  scream_VV0  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  gag_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  mouth_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  both_DB2  her_APP$  hands_NNS  tightly_RR  behind_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  walk_VV0  round_II  to_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  and_CC  once_CS  there_RL  he_PPHO1  bound_VVD  both_DB2  her_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  her_APP$  legs_NNS  tightly_RR  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  bundled_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  ,_,  laying_VBG  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  all_DB  happened_VBN  so_RG  quickly_RR  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  completely_RR  numb_JJ  .  
  and_CC  anyhow_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  no_AT1  chance_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  her_PPHO1  completely_RR  unawares_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  even_RR  time_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  or_CC  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  intended_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  a_AT1  rug_NN  over_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  shortly_RR  afterwards_RR  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  him_PPHO1  start_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  Jacques_NP  slept_VVD  above_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  used_JJ  to_IO  Grant_NP  taking_VBG  his_APP$  car_NN  out_RP  at_IO  night_NN  .  
  Ray_NP  and_CC  Sarah_NP  were_VBDR  also_RR  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  awake_JJ  they_PPHS2  would_VM  suspect_VV0  nothing_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  consolation_NN  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  Jimmy_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  Grant_NP  obviously_RR  had_VHD  not_XX  only_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  notorious_JJ  jewel_NN  thief_NN  but_CCB  had_VHD  also_RR  murdered_VBN  Greta_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  reasonable_JJ  to_TO  suppose_VV0  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  murdered_VBN  her_PPHO1  because_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  upon_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  stealing_VBG  her_APP$  jewellery_NN  .  
  for_RR  once_RR  his_APP$  timing_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  wrong_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  made_VBN  the_AT1  attempt_NN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  thought_VBN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  out_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  undoubtedly_RR  known_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  few_DA  servants_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS slept_VVD  in_IO  another_DD1  wing_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  asleep_JJ  and_CC  would_VM  hear_VV0  nothing_PN1  .  
  probably_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  inside_JB  knowledge_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  obviously_RR  been_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  robberies_NNS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  pulled_VBN  off_RP  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Jimmy_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  did_VDD  n't_XX  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  Grant_NP  would_VM  show_VV0  her_PPHO1  any_DD  more_DA  mercy_NN  than_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  shown_VBN  Greta_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  blinked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  stars_NNS  and_CC  occasionally_RR  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  lights_NNS  and_CC  heard_VVD  traffic_NN  as_CS  though_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  passing_VBG  through_IO  villages_NNS  or_CC  towns_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  presently_RR  they_PPHS2  began_VVD  to_TO  climb_VV0  up_IO  a_AT1  twisting_JJ  road_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  climbed_VVD  higher_RRR  and_CC  higher_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  flashed_VVD  through_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Corniche_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  scenic_JJ  highway_NN  road_NN  which_DDQ  links_VBZ  Nice_NP  and_CC  Monte_NP  Carlo_NP  .  
  very_RG  few_DA  people_NNS  drove_VVD  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Corniche_NP  at_IO  night_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  either_LE  drove_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  Moyenne_NP  Corniche_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  road_NN  that_PNQS skirted_VVD  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  .  
  her_APP$  heart_NN  sank_VVD  .  
  what_DDQ  hope_NN  would_VM  she_PPHO1  have_VH0  of_IO  rescue_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  desolate_JJ  region_NN  .  
  Jimmy_NP  had_VHD  warned_VBN  her_PPHO1  that_CS  questioning_VBG  Grant_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  dangerous_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  had_VHD  finally_RR  prompted_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  abduct_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  purpose_NN  of_IO  killing_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  know_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  Greta's_PPIO2  clip_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  easily_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  listening_VBG  outside_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  ,_,  Sarah_NP  was_VBDZ  equally_RR  in_IO  danger_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  who_PNQS had_VHD  found_VBN  the_AT1  clip_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  icy_JJ  cold_JJ  and_CC  completely_RR  desperate_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  hesitation_NN  about_IO  getting_VBG  rid_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  her_PPHO1  in_IO  case_NN  she_PPHO1  babbled_VVD  something_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  clip_NN  .  
  or_CC  would_VM  he_PPHO1  be_VB0  afraid_JJ  to_TO  kill_VV0  Sarah_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  his_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  blame_NN  for_IO  Greta's_PPIO2  death_NN  on_IO  Ray_NP  ;_;  but_CCB  surely_RR  the_AT1  police_NNS  would_VM  never_RR  suspect_VV0  that_CS  Ray_NP  had_VHD  murdered_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  daughter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  hope_NN  ,_,  though_CS  her_APP$  own_DA  predicament_NN  was_VBDZ  still_RR  as_RG  desperate_JJ  .  
  Grant_NP  was_VBDZ  driving_VBG  the_AT1  car_NN  carefully_RR  .  
  obviously_RR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  wish_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  stopped_VBN  for_IO  speeding_NN  .  
  but_CCB  finally_RR  after_IO  a_AT1  terrific_JJ  climb_NN  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
  Carol_NP  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  twist_VV0  the_AT1  rug_NN  off_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  Mediterranean_NP  night_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  full_JJ  moon_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  blue-black_JJ  sky_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  stars_NNS  were_VBDR  shining_VBG  brightly_RR  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  night_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  amused_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  amused_VBN  for_CS  the_AT1  cord_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bound_VBN  her_APP$  cut_VVD  into_IO  her_APP$  wrists_NNS  and_CC  ankles_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  gag_NN  hurt_VVD  her_APP$  mouth_NN  .  
  how_CS would_VM  he_PPHO1  kill_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  shot_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  most_RG  merciful_JJ  end_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  revolver_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  round_RP  and_CC  opened_VVD  the_AT1  back_JB  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
    had_VHN  a_AT1  nice_JJ  ride_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  hoarse_JJ  ,_,  cynical_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  removed_VVD  the_AT1  gag_NN  and_CC  untied_VVD  her_APP$  legs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  sensation_NN  of_IO  freedom_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  cramped_JJ  position_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  exhilarating_JJ  .  
    few_DA  people_NNS  pass_VV0  here_RL  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  still_RR  have_VH0  my_APP$  gun_NN  .  
  so_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  dare_VV0  scream_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  you_PPY  and_CC  Sarah_NP  talking_NN  so_CS  I_PPIS1  crept_VVD  to_IO  your_APP$  door_NN  and_CC  listened_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  worried_JJ  about_IO  that_DD1  damned_JJ  clip_NN  ever_RR  since_CS  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  fool_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  put_VBN  two_MC  and_CC  two_MC  together_RR  ever_RR  since_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  told_VVD  you_PPY  about_IO  the_AT1  clip_NN  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  suspected_VVD  me_PPIO1  before_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  by_IO  those_DD2  questions_NNS  you_PPY  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  other_DA  night_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  raised_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  a_AT1  sitting_NN  position_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspected_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  Jimmy_NP  Mattson_NP  also_RR  suspects_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  he_PPHO1  contacted_VVD  the_AT1  firm_NN  of_IO  Brevet_NP  &_CC  Rene*?2_NP  in_IO  Marseilles_NP  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  been_VBN  trying_VBG  to_TO  buy_VV0  the_AT1  lease_NN  of_IO  any_DD  luxury_NN  hotel_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  also_RR  know_VV0  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Imperial_NP  in_IO  Marseilles_NP  where_CS you_PPY  could_VM  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  that_DD1  night_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  kill_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  Jimmy_NP  is_VBZ  concerned_VBN  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  definite_JJ  proof_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  guilt_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  almost_RR  wildly_RR  ,_,  
    but_CCB  how_CS can_VM  I_PPIS1  let_VV0  you_PPY  live_VV0  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  you_PPY  might_VM  propose_VV0  a_AT1  bargain_NN    your_APP$  life_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  silence_NN  .  
  but_CCB  how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  trust_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  about_IO  Sarah_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  and_CC  despite_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  danger_NN  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  thought_NN  uppermost_JJ  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    an_AT1  accident_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    probably_RR  while_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  swimming_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  dog_NN  .    
  Carol_NP  shuddered_VVD  ,_,  remembering_VBG  the_AT1  dream_NN  Sarah_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  same_DA  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  very_RG  calm_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  highest_JJT  point_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Corniche_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  doubtful_JJ  if_CS  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  find_VV0  your_APP$  body_NN  for_IO  many_DA  days_NNS    even_RR  weeks_NNS  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  meanwhile_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  clear_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .  
  your_APP$  friend_NN  Jimmy_NP  Mattson_NP  may_VM  have_VH0  his_APP$  suspicions_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  proof_NN  .  
  Ray_NP  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  any_DD  proof_NN  either_RR  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  Ray_NP  does_VBZ  n't_XX  suspect_VV0  me_PPIO1  of_IO  having_VHG  had_VHN  any_DD  connection_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  recent_JJ  jewel_NN  robberies_NNS  or_CC  with_IO  Greta's_PPIO2  death_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  bribing_VBG  the_AT1  household_NN  staffs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  for_IO  information_NN  about_IO  their_APP$  employers'_NN2  habits_NNS  and_CC  where_CS they_PPHS2  kept_VVD  their_APP$  jewellery_NN  ,_,  or_CC  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  those_DD2  friends_NNS  who_PNQS called_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  Baroness_NNSB1  Beaufort_NP  the_AT1  night_NN  her_APP$  jewellery_NN  was_VBDZ  stolen_VBN  ;_;  their_APP$  presence_NN  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .    
    why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  kill_VV0  the_AT1  Countess_NNSB1  Doriana_NP  .    Carol_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  early_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  found_VVD  me_PPIO1  at_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  strangle_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  silence_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  feel_VV0  any_DD  sense_NN  of_IO  guilt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  a_AT1  no-good_JB  woman_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Carol_NP  ;_;  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  bad_JJ  sort_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  you_PPY  took_VVD  it_PPH1  upon_IO  yourself_PPX1  to_TO  interfere_VV0  with_IO  my_APP$  affairs_NNS  .    
    why_CS would_VM  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  .    she_PPHO1  threw_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  left_VVD  Ray's_PPIO2  cigarette_NN  lighter_NN  beside_IO  his_APP$  dead_JJ  wife's_NN1$  body_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  did_VDD  your_APP$  best_JJT  to_TO  implicate_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  happened_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  lighter_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  borrowed_VVD  it_PPH1  ages_NNS  ago_RR  when_CS my_APP$  own_DA  lighter_NN  ran_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  fuel_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  protect_VV0  myself_PPX1  ,_,  and_CC  Ray_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  suspect_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  drink_NN  and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  that_DD1  clip_NN  from_IO  your_APP$  handbag_NN  .  
  there_EX  'll_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  pretty_RR  potent_JJ  in_IO  that_DD1  drink_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  feel_VV0  any_DD  shock_NN  or_CC  pain_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  unconscious_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  you_PPY  go_VV0  over_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  flask_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  a_AT1  glass_NN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  glove_NN  compartment_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  set_VVD  her_APP$  lips_NNS  firmly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  .  
    please_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  fool_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  .  
  the_AT1  sensation_NN  of_IO  falling_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  height_NN  can_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  over_RR  pleasant_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  rather_RR  risk_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  shoot_VV0  me_PPIO1  before_CS  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  jump_VV0  .  
  and_CC  when_CS my_APP$  body_NN  is_VBZ  found_VBN  the_AT1  bullet_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  traced_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  gun_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  low_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  Ray's_PPIO2  gun_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  it_PPH1  from_IO  his_APP$  bedside_NN  table_NN  while_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  sleeping_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  police_NNS  will_VM  undoubtedly_RR  think_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  stumbled_VVD  upon_IO  some_DD  fresh_JJ  evidence_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  it_PPH1  certain_JJ  that_CS  Ray_NP  had_VHD  murdered_VBN  his_APP$  ex-wife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  unbind_VV0  your_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  you_PPY  drink_VV0  this_DD1  down_RP  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  you_PPY  will_VM  remember_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  unbound_VVD  her_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  force_VV0  the_AT1  glass_NN  between_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  shrieked_VVD  and_CC  pushed_VVD  the_AT1  glass_NN  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  hit_VVD  her_PPHO1  hard_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  her_APP$  present_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  nervous_JJ  tension_NN  she_PPHO1  scarcely_RR  felt_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  care_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  presently_RR  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  over_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  anyhow_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  screamed_VVD  again_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  dragged_VVD  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  her_APP$  legs_NNS  collapsed_VVD  under_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  fell_VVD  sprawling_VBG  at_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  suddenly_RR  it_PPH1  happened_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  shot_NN  rang_VVD  out_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  lurched_VVD  and_CC  gave_VVD  a_AT1  cry_NN  and_CC  dropped_VVD  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  more_DA  than_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  arms_NNS  about_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  arms_NNS  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  familiar_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  dear_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  opened_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  moonlight_NN  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Ray's_PPIO2  face_NN  bending_NN  over_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    darling_JJ  ,_,  darling_JJ  Carol_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  all_RR  right_RR  .    
    Ray_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  passed_VBN  out_RP  for_CS  the_AT1  next_DA  thing_NN  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  shaking_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
    my_APP$  darling_NN  !_!  
  my_APP$  darling_NN  !_!  
  say_VV0  something_PN1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  Ray_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  .  
    how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  find_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  me_PPIO1  .    
    Sarah_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  gone_VBN  to_IO  sleep_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  grasp_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  gag_VV0  you_PPY  and_CC  take_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  dressed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  jiffy_NN  .  
  while_CS  I_PPIS1  dressed_VVD  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  finding_VBG  her_APP$  mother's_NN1$  clip_NN  in_IO  Grant's_PPIO2  car_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  so_RG  long_RR  after_IO  you_PPY  .  
  during_IO  a_AT1  hold-up_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Nice_NP  traffic_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  pick_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  car_NN  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS he_PPHO1  started_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  Grande_NP  Corniche_NP  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  him_PPHO1  temporarily_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  intent_JJ  on_IO  catching_VBG  up_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  aware_JJ  that_CS  another_DD1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  following_VBG  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  sight_NN  until_CS  he_PPHO1  disappeared_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  road_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  turned_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  engine_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  listened_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  other_DA  car_NN  drew_VVD  alongside_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  police_NNS  car_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  detailed_VBN  to_TO  watch_VV0  the_AT1  villa_NN  and_CC  follow_VV0  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  escape_VV0  .  
  thank_VV0  heavens_NNS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  follow_VV0  me_PPIO1  and_CC  that_CS  you_PPY  screamed_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  gun_NN  and_CC  Grant_NP  was_VBDZ  armed_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  chance_NN  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  n't_XX  seen_VBN  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  happening_VBG  and_CC  shot_VBN  him_PPHO1  down_RP  .  **"_**'  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  or_CC  so_PN1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  hospital_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  !_!    
  Lorraine_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  wait_VV0  for_IO  her_APP$  mother_NN  to_TO  confirm_VV0  or_CC  deny_VV0  this_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  turned_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Noreen_NP  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  sigh_NN    for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  twins_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  taken_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  affairs_NNS  to_TO  enquire_VV0  or_CC  sympathize_VV0    she_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Delorme_NP  was_VBDZ  thrilled_JJ  !_!    Joanna_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  breathlessly_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  suggested_VBN  we_PPIS2  should_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  town_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  be_VB0  arranged_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  're_VBR  settled_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  us_PPIO2   on_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Lys_NP  d'Or_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  exclusive_JJ  night_NN  club_NN  .    
  Noreen_NP  looked_VVD  doubtful_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  is_VBZ  that_DD1  what_DDQ  you_PPY  wanted_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  hoped_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  or_CC  television_NN  .  
  a_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  sounds_VBZ  rather_DA  a_AT1  come-down_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  sound_VV0  discouraging_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  are_VBR  n't_XX  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  pretty_RR  low_JJ  dives_NNS  .    
  Lorraine_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  lounging_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  cushioned_JJ  window-seat_NN  ,_,  straightened_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  leant_VVD  forward_RR  eagerly_RR  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  so_RG  nai"ve_JJ  and_CC  stupid_JJ  ,_,  Norrie_NP  !_!  
  there_EX  are_VBR  night_NN  clubs_NNS  and_CC  night_NN  clubs_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  know_VV0  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX  such_DA  an_AT1  ignoramus_NN  !_!  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  places_NNS  ,_,  frightfully_RR  swell_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  get_VV0  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  salary_NN  if_CS  we_PPIS2  deliver_VV0  the_AT1  goods_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  get_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  useful_JJ  people_NNS  .    
    Oliver_NP  knows_VBZ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Delorme_NP  quite_RR  well_RR  ,_,    Joanna_NP  put_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  not_XX  noticing_VBG  how_CS Noreen's_PPIO2  eyebrows_NNS  went_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  her_APP$  unthinking_JJ  use_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  first_MD  name_NN  .  
    and_CC  if_CS  he_PPHO1  backs_VBZ  anybody_PN1  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  surely_RR  good_JJ  enough_RGA  !_!    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  such_DA  warmth_NN  of_IO  partisanship_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  tone_NN  that_CS  Noreen_NP  was_VBDZ  astonished_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  impulsively_RR  :_:  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  hardly_RR  know_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Jo_NP  !_!  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Randall_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  
  how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  so_RG  sure_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  level_NN  .    
  Joanna_NP  stubbed_VVD  out_RP  her_APP$  cigarette_NN  with_IO  unnecessary_JJ  fierceness_NN  .  
  her_APP$  lovely_JJ  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  defiant_JJ  above_IO  cheeks_NNS  whose_PNQV$  colour_NN  had_VHD  deepened_VBN  at_IO  Noreen's_PPIO2  remark_NN  .  
    there_EX  are_VBR  some_DD  people_NNS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  for_IO  years_NNS  before_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  trust_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  Oliver_NP  Randall_NP  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  absolutely_RR  wonderful_JJ  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  promised_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  flat_NN      
  over_IO  Joanna's_PPIO2  coppery_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  Lorraine's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  met_VVD  Noreen's_PPIO2  enquiring_JJ  gaze_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  mischievously_RR  ,_,  and_CC  without_IO  envy_NN  .  
    as_CS  you_PPY  may_VM  have_VH0  gathered_VBN  ,_,  Norrie_NP  ,_,  Jo_NP  's_VHZ  fallen_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  ,_,  hook_NN  ,_,  line_NN  and_CC  sinker_NN  !_!  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  equally_RR  enthusiastic_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  for_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  restraining_JJ  influence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  warned_VBN  Jo_NP  already_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  walk_VV0  warily_RR  when_CS that_DD1  lady_NN  's_VBZ  around_RP  .    
  Joanna_NP  sprang_VVD  suddenly_RR  to_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  talk_VV0  rubbish_NN  ,_,  Lorraine_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  like_VV0  Oliver_NP  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  perfectly_RR  sweet_JJ  to_IO  us_PPIO2   both_DB2    you_PPY  must_VM  admit_VV0  that_DD1  !_!  
  not_XX  only_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  seem_VV0  to_TO  imply_VV0  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  put_VV0  ridiculous_JJ  ideas_NNS  into_IO  Norrie's_PPIO2  head_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  Noreen_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  realize_VV0  that_CS  we_PPIS2  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  come_VV0  with_IO  us_PPIO2   when_CS we_PPIS2  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  town_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  explained_VVD  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Delorme_NP  that_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  you_PPY  as_IO  our_APP$  accompanist_NN  .    
    me_PPIO1  .    
  Noreen_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  aback_RR  .  
  somehow_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  quite_RR  overlooked_VBN  this_DD1  possibility_NN  ,_,  and_CC  though_CS  ,_,  at_IO  one_MC1  time_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  hurt_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  sisters'_NN2  apparent_JJ  disregard_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  aware_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  prospect_NN  of_IO  leaving_VBG  Dorlcombe_NP  was_VBDZ  oddly_RR  unwelcome_JJ  .  
    Mummy_NNSB1  will_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  if_CS  we_PPIS2  all_DB  go_VV0  off_RP  and_CC  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  Joanna_NP  shrugged_VVD  impatiently_RR  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  prefer_VV0  to_TO  stick_VV0  here_RL  in_IO  this_DD1  dreary_JJ  place_NN    and_CC  you_PPY  know_VV0  just_RR  how_CS dull_JJ  and_CC  forsaken_VBN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  after_CS  the_AT1  season_NN  's_VBZ  over_RP    that_DD1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  look-out_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  rather_RR  mean_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  especially_RR  after_CS  we_PPIS2  insisted_VVD  to_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Delorme_NP  that_CS  we_PPIS2  must_VM  have_VH0  you_PPY  ,_,  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  talk_VV0  to_IO  Mummy_NNSB1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  suppose_VV0  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  raise_VV0  any_DD  objection_NN  .    
  Noreen_NP  said_VVD  no_AT1  more_DA  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  twins_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  understand_VV0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  attempted_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  see_VV0  her_APP$  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  their_APP$  trip_NN  to_IO  town_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  changed_VBN  them_PPHO1  in_IO  some_DD  inexplicable_JJ  way_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  always_RR  been_VBN  ambitious_JJ  ,_,  eager_JJ  to_TO  try_VV0  their_APP$  wings_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  wider_JJ  sphere_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  now_CS  the_AT1  chance_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  thinking_VBG  of_IO  nothing_PN1  and_CC  no_PN1  one_PN  save_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  yet_RR  their_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  as_CS  Noreen_NP  knew_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  done_VBN  everything_PN1  in_IO  her_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  them_PPHO1  happy_JJ  .  
  surely_RR  she_PPHO1  would_VM  feel_VV0  very_RG  lost_JJ  and_CC  lonely_JJ  if_CS  all_DB  her_APP$  children_NNS  deserted_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sangster_NP  returned_VVD  ,_,  they_PPHS2  could_VM  hear_VV0  her_PPHO1  talking_VBG  to_IO  someone_PN1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
  Joanna_NP  and_CC  Lorraine_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  in_IO  bewilderment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Noreen_NP  ,_,  recognizing_VBG  Stephen's_PPIO2  quiet_JJ  ,_,  pleasant_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,  went_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  guessed_VVD  ,_,  even_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  eager_JJ  look_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  come_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  express_JB  purpose_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  Joanna_NP  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  heart_NN  sank_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  probable_JJ  reception_NN  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Redfern_NP  very_RG  kindly_RR  brought_VVD  me_PPIO1  home_NN1  in_IO  his_APP$  car_NN  ,_,    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sangster_NP  explained_VVD  as_CS  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  Lorraine_NP  greeted_VVD  him_PPHO1  pleasantly_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  but_CCB  Joanna's_PPIO2  greeting_NN  was_VBDZ  barely_RR  polite_JJ  .  
  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  of_IO  general_JJ  conversation_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Sangster_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  see_VV0  about_IO  some_DD  supper_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  stay_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  some_DD  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Redfern_NP  .  
  Lorraine_NP  dear_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  come_VV0  down_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  all_DB  your_APP$  news_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  longing_VBG  to_TO  hear_VV0  how_CS you_PPY  got_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  town_NN  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  Noreen_NP  ,_,  did_VDD  you_PPY  remember_VV0  to_TO  feed_VV0  the_AT1  chickens_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  two_MC  girls_NNS  followed_VVD  their_APP$  mother_NN  downstairs_RL  ,_,  Noreen_NP  carefully_RR  shutting_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  deliberately_RR  ignoring_VBG  Joanna's_PPIO2  murmur_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  .  
  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  awkward_JJ  little_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,  then_RL  Stephen_NP  said_VVD  gently_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  everything_PN1  went_VVD  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  you_PPY  expected_VVD  ,_,  Jo_NP  .    
    oh_UH  yes_UH  !_!  
  better_RRR  ,_,  really_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  going_VBG  to_IO  London_NP  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  month_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  began_VVD  straightening_VBG  some_DD  magazines_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  've_VH0  been_VBN  offered_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  engagement_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  and_CC  came_VVD  over_RP  ,_,  standing_VBG  just_RR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  shiver_NN  went_VVD  down_IO  Joanna's_PPIO2  spine_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  touch_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  grand_JJ  !_!  
  just_RR  what_DDQ  you_PPY  hoped_VVD  for_IO  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  matter_NN  of_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  some_DD  news_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  though_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  seem_VV0  very_RG  exciting_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY    now_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  swung_VVD  round_RP  to_TO  face_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  arms_NNS  folded_VBN  ,_,  clear_JJ  eyes_NNS  wide_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  changed_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  suit_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  worn_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  now_RL  wearing_VBG  her_APP$  favourite_JB  attire_NN    a_AT1  thin_JJ  ,_,  woollen_JJ  jersey_NN  and_CC  slacks_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  hands_NNS  clenched_VVD  involuntarily_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1    so_RG  lovely_JJ  with_IO  that_DD1  glow_NN  of_IO  colour_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  hair_NN  a_AT1  bright_JJ  halo_NN  about_IO  her_APP$  upthrown_JJ  head_NN  .  
    why_CS not_XX  ,_,  Steve_NP  .  
  always_RR  glad_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  of_IO  a_AT1  friend's_NN1$  good_JJ  fortune_NN  !_!    
  her_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  deliberately_RR  casual_JJ  and_CC  gay_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  nothing_PN1  in_IO  her_APP$  manner_NN  betrayed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  her_APP$  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  racing_VBG  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  gone_VBN  and_CC  got_VBN  yourself_PPX1  engaged_VBN  or_CC  something_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  faced_VVD  her_PPHO1  steadily_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  answering_JJ  gaiety_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  really_RR  think_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  Jo_NP  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  know_VV0  there_EX  's_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  girl_NN  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  ever_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  engaged_VBN  to_IO  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  come_VBN  into_IO  some_DD  money_NN    not_XX  a_AT1  vast_JJ  fortune_NN  ,_,  by_IO  any_DD  means_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  enough_DD  to_TO  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  feel_VV0  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  something_PN1  to_TO  offer_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1      Joanna_NP  began_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  quickly_RR  aside_RP  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  moved_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  a_AT1  restraining_JJ  hand_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  gentle_JJ  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  of_IO  power_NN  behind_IO  that_DD1  touch_NN  ,_,  and_CC  involuntarily_RR  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  still_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  told_VBN  you_PPY  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  words_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  voice_NN  as_RG  quiet_JJ  and_CC  controlled_VBN  as_CS  ever_RR  ,_,    but_CCB  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  guessed_VBN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  care_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY    very_RG  deeply_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  loved_VBN  you_PPY  ever_RR  since_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  schoolgirl_NN  ,_,  Jo_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  a_AT1  chance_NN  compared_VBN  with_IO  all_DB  your_APP$  other_DA  admirers_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  wanted_VVD  gaiety_NN  and_CC  fun_NN  ;_;  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hard_JJ  up_JJ"  and_CC  had_VHD  to_TO  put_VV0  my_APP$  studies_NNS  first_RR  .  
  my_APP$  parents_NNS  sacrificed_VVD  a_AT1  lot_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  my_APP$  training_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  right_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  them_PPHO1  down_RP  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  really_RR  established_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  this_DD1  unexpected_JJ  legacy_NN  coming_VBG  along_RP      
  with_IO  an_AT1  impatient_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  free_JJ  from_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  turned_VVD  quickly_RR  away_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  speaking_VBG  with_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  go_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  Steve_NP  !_!  
  oh_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO    for_IO  wanting_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  impossible_JJ    it_PPH1  always_RR  will_VM  be_VB0  impossible_JJ  !_!  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  understand_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  life_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  offering_VBG  me_PPIO1    just_RR  living_VBG  in_IO  Quaystone_NP  and_CC  keeping_VBG  house_NN  and_CC  all_DB  that_DD1    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  deadly_RR  dull_JJ  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  something_PN1  different_JJ    all_DB  the_AT1  things_NNS  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  now_RL  got_VBN  the_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  enjoying_VBG  .  
  even_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  loved_VVD  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  say_VV0  yes_UH  !_!    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  silence_NN  .  
  wondering_VBG  ,_,  expecting_VBG  a_AT1  protest_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  half_RR  turned_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  motionless_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  queer_JJ  suggestion_NN  of_IO  defeat_NN  ,_,  of_IO  hopelessness_NN  ,_,  about_IO  the_AT1  powerful_JJ  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  bent_JJ  head_NN  where_CS the_AT1  fair_JJ  hair_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  smoothly_RR  brushed_VBN  ,_,  save_IO  for_II  the_AT1  unruly_JJ  drake's-tail_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  crown_NN  .  
  Joanna's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  suddenly_RR  softened_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  reluctant_JJ  feeling_NN  of_IO  compassion_NN  swept_VVD  over_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  speak_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  recovered_VBN  his_APP$  normal_JJ  self-control_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  loved_VVD  me_PPIO1  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  ,_,    well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  not_XX  seem_VV0  so_RG    deadly_RR  dull_JJ  .    
  but_CCB  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  that_DD1  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  held_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   part_VV0  good_JJ  friends_NNS  ,_,  Jo_NP  dear_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  your_APP$  heart's_NN1$  desire_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  that_PNQS really_RR  matters_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  apologize_VV0  to_IO  your_APP$  mother_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  stay_VV0  to_IO  supper_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  .    
  as_CS  the_AT1  outer_JB  door_NN  shut_VVD  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Noreen_NP  put_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  door_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  doubtfully_RR  :_:  
    did_VDD  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  somebody_PN1  .    
    Steve_NP  's_VHZ  gone_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  stay_VV0  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,    Joanna_NP  said_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  quickly_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  and_CC  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_RL  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  ,_,  dabbing_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  wet_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  telling_VBG  herself_PPX1  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  such_DA  a_AT1  sentimental_JJ  idiot_NN  .  
  silly_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  shedding_VBG  tears_NNS  because_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  turned_VBN  down_RP  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  matter_VV0  a_AT1  button_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  nice_JJ  enough_RGA  !_!  Joanna_NP  admitted_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  thrilling_JJ  about_IO  poor_JJ  old_JJ  Steve_NP  .  
  nothing_PN1  to_TO  make_VV0  one's_$  nerves_NNS  tingle_VV0  and_CC  one's_$  heart_NN  race_VV0    as_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  done_VBN  only_RR  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  a_AT1  dreamy_JJ  smile_NN  spread_VVD  over_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  as_CS  her_APP$  mind_NN  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  those_DD2  heavenly_JJ  moments_NNS  .  
  leaving_VBG  Lorraine_NP  to_TO  finish_VV0  their_APP$  packing_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  buy_VV0  some_DD  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  just_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  almost_RR  run_VBN  into_IO  Oliver_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  and_CC  see_VV0  you_PPY  off_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  with_IO  that_DD1  softening_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  expression_NN  which_DDQ  always_RR  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  feel_VV0  oddly_RR  breathless_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  my_APP$  wife_NN  reminded_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  an_AT1  appointment_NN  at_IO  just_RR  about_RR  the_AT1  time_NN  your_APP$  train_NN  leaves_VBZ  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  nip_VV0  along_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  seeing_VBG  you_PPY  before_CS  you_PPY  left_VVD  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  seem_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  month_NN  ,_,  Jo_NP  my_APP$  dear_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS you_PPY  come_VV0  back_RP  .    his_APP$  hand_NN  had_VHD  closed_VBN  over_IO  hers_PP$  warmly_RR    .  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  make_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  empty_JJ  days_NNS  .  
  will_VM  they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  empty_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  too_RR  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  nodded_VBN  ,_,  unable_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  words_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  her_APP$  feelings_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  au_&FW  revoir_&FW  ,_,  then_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  his_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  smiled_VBN  down_RP  into_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    wish_VV0  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  such_DA  a_AT1  damned_RR  public_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  or_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  say_VV0  good-bye_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  properly_RR    you_PPY  sweet_JJ  thing_NN  !_!    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  fell_VVD  to_IO  so_RG  soft_JJ  a_AT1  tone_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  barely_RR  caught_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  three_MC  words_NNS  .  
  and_CC  with_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  take_VV0  a_AT1  breath_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  her_APP$  caught_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  pitch_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  and_CC  ecstasy_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  yet_RR  perilously_RR  near_II  to_IO  tears_NNS  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  home_NN1  that_DD1  parting_NN  speech_NN  had_VHD  sung_VBN  itself_PPX1  ,_,  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  ,_,  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    you_PPY  sweet_JJ  thing_NN  .    
  did_VDD  that_DD1  mean_VV0    no_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  Oliver_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  reminded_VVD  herself_PPX1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  say_VV0  things_NNS  like_IO  that_DD1  to_IO  Lorraine_NP  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  better_RRR  !_!  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  following_VBG  hard_RR  on_IO  that_DD1  delicious_JJ  knowledge_NN  would_VM  come_VV0  the_AT1  inevitable_JJ  thought_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  married_VBN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  n't_XX  mean_VV0  anything_PN1    except_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  fancy_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  why_CS you_PPY  took_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  never_RR  touch_VV0  anything_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  .    
  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  his_APP$  grim_JJ  ,_,  menacing_JJ  anger_NN  frightened_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  half_RR  shouted_VVD  :_:  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  trying_VBG  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  lover_NN  .  
  responsible_JJ  for_IO      
  he_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  .  
  conflict_NN  tortured_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  here_RL  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  supreme_JJ  revenge_NN  :_:  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  truth_NN  ;_;  shatter_VV0  her_APP$  faith_NN  in_IO  Philip_NP  .  Beryl_NP  was_VBDZ  dead_JJ  .  .  
  he_PPHO1  shivered_VVD  .  
  taking_VBG  with_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  only_DA  proof_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  discount_VV0  this_DD1  accusation_NN  .  
  Sandra_NP  prayed_VVD  ,_,  despite_IO  her_APP$  vituperation_NN  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  defence_NN  ,_,  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  some_DD  denial_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  was_VBDZ  :_:  
    if_CS  you_PPY  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  capable_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  nothing_PN1  more_DA  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2    nothing_PN1  .    
  the_AT1  hurt_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  wound_NN    stinging_VBG  ,_,  aching_VBG  .  
  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  Philip's_PPIO2  work_NN  .  
  and_CC  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  ,_,  it_PPH1  came_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  one_MC1  man's_NN1$  word_NN  against_IO  another_DD1  and_CC  .  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  Philip_NP  .  
  until_IO  then_RL  the_AT1  exactitudes_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  profession_NN  had_VHD  demanded_VBN  his_APP$  silence_NN  ,_,  and_CC  now_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  absolved_VBN  from_IO  that_DD1  promise_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  bound_VBN  by_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  love_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  desire_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  happiness_NN  .  
  far_RR  better_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  should_VM  believe_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  cad_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  and_CC  obviously_RR  loved_VVD  so_RG  deeply_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  doubted_VVD  that_CS  Philip_NP  would_VM  betray_VV0  her_PPHO1  after_IO  all_DB  that_PNQS had_VHD  happened_VBN  .  
  fear_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  deterrent_NN  .  
  Sandra_NP  flung_VVD  her_APP$  arms_NNS  out_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  despair_NN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  leave_VV0  me_PPIO1  anything_PN1  else_RR  to_TO  believe_VV0  .  
  or_CC  is_VBZ  your_APP$  silence_NN  the_AT1  cowardly_JJ  way_NN  out_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  hated_VVD  the_AT1  words_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  leapt_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  torment_NN  of_IO  loving_VBG  him_PPHO1  ;_;  from_IO  the_AT1  tension_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  weariness_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  even_RR  breathing_VBG  an_AT1  effort_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  this_DD1  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  been_VBN  in_IO  your_APP$  mind_NN  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  with_IO  greater_JJ  passion_NN  .  
    was_VBDZ  this_DD1  why_CS you_PPY  wanted_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  job_NN  just_RR  before_CS  Philip_NP  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  ill_JJ  .    
  his_APP$  mouth_NN  hardened_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  became_VVD  steely_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .    
  scorn_NN  lashed_VVD  his_APP$  words_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  you_PPY  dared_VVD  trust_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_IO  my_APP$  care_NN  .    
    Nicholas_NP      
    well_UH  !_!  
  at_RR  least_RR  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  truth_NN  !_!    
  his_APP$  gaze_NN  held_VVD  hers_PP$  masterfully_RR  .  
    you_PPY  wanted_VVD  it_PPH1  so_RG  badly_RR    at_IO  any_DD  price_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  satisfied_JJ  .    
  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  Philip_NP  lying_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  room_NN  filled_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  revulsion_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  homicidal_JJ  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  his_APP$  hands_NNS  were_VBDR  tied_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  dare_VM  not_XX  precipitate_VV0  what_DDQ  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  another_DD1  coronary_NN  .  
  and_CC  in_IO  that_DD1  second_NN  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  back_RP  his_APP$  professional_JJ  mantle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  with_IO  such_DA  icy_JJ  politeness_NN  ,_,  such_DA  withdrawn_JJ  bitterness_NN  ,_,  that_CS  Sandra_NP  withered_VVD  before_IO  it_PPH1  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  will_VM  leave_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  necessary_JJ  prescription_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  sedatives_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  contact_VV0  your_APP$  new_JJ  doctor_NN  when_CS you_PPY  reach_VV0  your_APP$  parents'_NN2  house_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  flick_VV0  his_APP$  fountain-pen_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  waistcoat_NN  pocket_NN  ,_,  take_VV0  out_RP  his_APP$  prescription_NN  pad_NN  ,_,  and_CC  scribble_VV0  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  so_RG  well_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tore_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  leaflet_NN  and_CC  handed_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    good-bye_UH  ,_,  Sandra_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  deadly_JJ  finality_NN  .  
  watching_VBG  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  ,_,  unable_JJ  to_TO  speak_VV0  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  part_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaving_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  hate_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  confided_VBN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  given_VBN  some_DD  explanation_NN  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1    not_XX  even_RR  friendship_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Philip_NP  .  
  but_CCB  all_DB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  were_VBDR  Nicholas's_PPIO2  words_NNS  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY    oh_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  well_RR  enough_RGA  .    
  love_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  revolted_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  word_NN  .  
  Nicholas_NP  ,_,  Philip_NP  .  where_CS was_VBDZ  happiness_NN  ,_,  or_CC  peace_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  Philip_NP  put_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  hand_NN  and_CC  grasped_VVD  hers_PP$  .  
  he_PPHO1  needed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  find_VV0  solace_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  fact_NN  at_RR  least_RR  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  to_TO  doubt_VV0  his_APP$  sincerity_NN  any_RR  more_RRR  .  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  her_APP$  truth_NN  .  
  how_CS much_DA  had_VHD  built_VBN  up_RP  from_IO  that_DD1  first_MD  ideal_NN  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS little_DA  joy_NN  ,_,  or_CC  satisfaction_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,  darling_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  nervous_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  hell_NN  lying_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  knowing_VBG  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  Nicholas_NP  and_CC  wondering_VBG  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  saying_VBG  .  
  Sandra_NP  said_VVD  instinctively_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  responsible_JJ  for_IO  Beryl's_PPIO2  death_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    his_APP$  attitude_NN  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0    something_PN1  snapped_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  it_PPH1  .  .  
  why_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  look_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  that_DD1  .    
    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  you_PPY  not_XX  to_TO  mention_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  Philip_NP  felt_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  running_VBG  a_AT1  high_JJ  temperature_NN  as_CS  fear_NN  swirled_VVD  back_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  had_VHD  Nicholas_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  done_VBN  so_PN1  while_CS  Beryl_NP  was_VBDZ  alive_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  any_DD  answer_NN    except_CS  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  believed_VVD  him_PPHO1  capable_JJ  of_IO  that_DD1      
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  darkened_VVD  in_IO  torment_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  sure_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  .    
    good_JJ  heavens_NNS  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  why_CS on_IO  earth_NN  should_VM  she_PPHO1  lie_VV0  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  just_RR  her_APP$  word_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  evidence_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS one_MC1  might_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  disbelieve_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .    
  elation_NN  touched_VVD  him_PPHO1  after_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  wind_NN  of_IO  suspense_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  what_DDQ  comes_VBZ  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  inquest_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  his_APP$  story_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  .  
  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  confine_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_IO  the_AT1  nervous_JJ  origin_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  recent_JJ  illness_NN  .  
  his_APP$  notes_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  truthful_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  leaves_VBZ  out_RP  will_VM  matter_VV0  most_RBT  .    
  strange_JJ  how_CS just_RR  then_RL  Philip_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  certain_JJ  that_CS  Nicholas_NP  would_VM  never_RR  betray_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  Sandra_NP  too_RG  deeply_RR  to_TO  ruin_VV0  her_APP$  future_JB  happiness_NN  .  
  had_VHD  ever_RR  circumstances_NNS  conspired_VBN  so_RG  cunningly_RR  .  
  Philip's_PPIO2  spirits_NNS  soared_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  miraculous_JJ  recovery_NN  and_CC  Sandra_NP  would_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  his_APP$  wife_NN  .  
  the_AT1  devil_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  certainly_RR  looked_VVD  after_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  something_PN1  in_IO  Sandra's_PPIO2  attitude_NN  struck_VVD  him_PPHO1  suddenly_RR  ,_,  making_VBG  him_PPHO1  say_VV0  :_:  
    you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  forgive_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  this_DD1    can_VM  you_PPY  .    
    forgive_NC2  is_VBZ  an_AT1  unctuous_JJ  ,_,  patronizing_JJ  word_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  despise_VV0  the_AT1  deceit_NN  .  
  the_AT1  lies_NNS  .    
  Philip_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  keep_VV0  the_AT1  words_NNS  back_RP  .  
    suppose_VV0  you_PPY  had_VHD  loved_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  all_DB  this_DD1  came_VVD  out_RP  .  
  what_DDQ  then_RL  .    
  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  had_VHD  loved_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  .  
  Sandra_NP  realized_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  bitter_JJ  futility_NN  that_CS  now_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  silence_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  the_AT1  lie_NN  .  
  and_CC  Nicholas's_PPIO2  words_NNS  re-echoed_VVD  mockingly_RR  :_:  
    no_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  could_VM  live_VV0  with_IO  absolute_JJ  truth_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  live_VV0  without_IO  faith_NN  ,_,  Philip_NP  .  
  or_CC  with_IO  pretence_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  shivered_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  pretend_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  pretend_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Philip_NP  even_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  try_VV0  never_RR  to_TO  utter_VV0  those_DD2  words_NNS  .  
  how_CS honourable_JJ  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  need_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  dependence_NN  upon_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  created_VVD  a_AT1  climate_NN  where_CS self-delusion_NN  masqueraded_VVD  as_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  how_CS easy_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  to_TO  cling_VV0  to_IO  Nicholas_NP  ,_,  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hardly_RR  bear_VV0  life_NN  without_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  to_TO  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  despise_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  .  
  but_CCB  to_TO  walk_VV0  out_RP  on_IO  Philip_NP  ,_,  break_VV0  her_APP$  promise_NN  and_CC  end_VV0  their_APP$  relationship_NN  ,_,  for_IO  no_AT1  better_JJ  reason_NN  than_IO  what_DDQ  appeared_VVD  as_IO  innate_JJ  self-preservation_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  honest_JJ  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  did_VDD  n't_XX  deserve_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  let_VBN  down_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  suddenly_RR  ,_,  irrelevantly_RR  :_:  
    Beryl's_PPIO2  life_NN  recently_RR    the_AT1  whole_JJ  thing_NN    was_VBDZ  very_RG  strange_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    how_CS .    
  Philip_NP  looked_VVD  startled_JJ  .  
    would_VM  she_PPHO1  have_VH0  married_VBN  Nicholas_NP  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  since_CS  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  you_PPY  .    
  Philip_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  stab_NN  of_IO  jealousy_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  case_NN  good_JJ  .    
    no_UH  ;_;  to_TO  be_VB0  fair_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  so_RR  amazed_VBN  when_CS I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  marriage_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  only_RR  thought_VBN  of_IO  your_APP$  illness_NN  lately_RR    never_RR  studied_VBN  all_DB  this_DD1  beyond_IO  the_AT1  angle_NN  of_IO  Beryl's_PPIO2  unhappiness_NN  and_CC  Nicholas_NP  being_VBG  involved_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  called_VVD  here_RL  two_MC  days_NNS  ago_RR  .    
    what_DDQ  .    
  Philip_NP  felt_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  swirled_VBN  down_IO  a_AT1  bumpy_JJ  lift_NN  .  
    but_CCB    why_CS .    
  he_PPHO1  hastened_VVD  .  
    why_CS should_VM  she_PPHO1  call_VV0  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  just_RR  to_TO  thank_VV0  me_PPIO1  and_CC  to_TO  inquire_VV0  about_IO  you_PPY  .  
  looking_VBG  back_RP  ,_,  her_APP$  attitude_NN  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  afraid_JJ      
    of_IO  Nicholas_NP  ,_,    Philip_NP  said_VVD  insinuatingly_RR  .  
  Sandra_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  deny_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  more_RRR  she_PPHO1  dwelt_VVD  on_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  curious_JJ  it_PPH1  became_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  about_IO  wondering_VBG  if_CS  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1      
  Sandra_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  shiver_VV0  .  
  Philip_NP  managed_VVD  to_TO  keep_VV0  his_APP$  voice_NN  steady_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  imagine_VV0  Nicholas_NP  putting_VBG  the_AT1  fear_NN  of_IO  God_NP  into_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  person_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  want_VV0  told_VBN  was_VBDZ  you_PPY  .    
  it_PPH1  added_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Sandra_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  still_RR  like_IO  looking_VBG  at_IO  a_AT1  picture_NN  in_IO  shadow_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY  that_DD1    soon_RR  after_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  episode_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  keeping_VBG  back_RP  .  .  
  we_PPIS2  certainly_RR  shall_VM  not_XX  discover_VV0  now_RL  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  convinced_VBN  about_IO  .  
  her_APP$  death_NN  links_VBZ  up_RP  with_IO  her_APP$  miscarriage_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  once_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  she_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  through_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  pregnancy_NN  .    
  Sandra_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  pained_JJ  cry_NN  .  
    darling_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hinted_VVD  that_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  remember_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  sound_VV0  too_RG  dramatic_JJ  ,_,  or_CC    well_UH      
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  very_RG  sick_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  desolate_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  so_RG  ugly_JJ  .  
  Philip_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  settle_VV0  the_AT1  problem_NN    leave_VV0  no_AT1  loopholes_NNS  .  
    she_PPHO1  lost_VVD  either_LE  way_NN  ,_,  really_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  marry_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  dare_VM  not_XX  risk_VV0  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  .  
  obviously_RR  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  handicap_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  her_APP$  saner_JJ  moments_NNS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  thankful_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  mess_NN  .  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  neurotic_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  guess_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  cottage_NN  episode_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  beginning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
  Sandra_NP  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  point_NN  .  
    meaning_VBG  that_CS  Nicholas_NP  deliberately_RR  got_VVD  rid_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  .    
  Philip_NP  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  deep_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lies_NNS  to_TO  retreat_VV0  from_IO  that_DD1  direct_JJ  question_NN  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  her_APP$  fear_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  obvious_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  take_VV0  care_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  professionally_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  certainly_RR  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  know_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  probably_RR  did_VDD  .  
  Beryl_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lonely_JJ  person_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  very_RG  few_DA  friends_NNS  .    
  Sandra_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   not_XX  talk_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  again_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  dully_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  .  
  everything_PN1  's_VBZ  ready_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  around_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  part_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  was_VBDZ  ending_VBG  ;_;  a_AT1  part_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  loved_VBN  .  
  leaving_VBG  the_AT1  flat_NN  and_CC  staying_VBG  at_IO  Monk's_PPIO2  Toft_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  ordeal_NN  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  from_IO  perpetual_JJ  work_NN  .  
  Philip_NP  relaxed_VVD  again_RR  .  
  now_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  the_AT1  inquest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  whatsoever_DDQ  to_TO  fear_VV0  from_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  late_JJ  for_IO  Nicholas_NP  to_TO  make_VV0  any_DD  accusations_NNS  .  
  eighteen_MC  .  
  the_AT1  inquest_NN  offered_VVD  no_AT1  surprise_NN  .  
  Nicholas's_PPIO2  evidence_NN  conformed_VVD  strictly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  law_NN  and_CC  ethics_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Graham_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  care_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  highly_RR  nervous_JJ  state_NN  .  
  a_AT1  verdict_NN  of_IO  suicide_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  balance_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  disturbed_VBN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  returned_VBN  .  
  Philip_NP  put_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  evening_NN  newspaper_NN  ,_,  looked_VVD  at_IO  Gordon_NP  Neal_NP  ,_,  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    very_RG  sad_JJ  .  
  Nicholas's_PPIO2  testimony_NN  said_VVD  everything_PN1  and_CC  nothing_PN1  .  
  one_MC1  never_RR  knows_VBZ  the_AT1  truth_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  cases_NNS  .    
  Sandra_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  speak_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  some_DD  part_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  had_VHD  petrified_VBN  ,_,  leaving_VBG  only_RR  a_AT1  shell_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lived_VVD  mechanically_RR  ,_,  and_CC  while_CS  physically_RR  rested_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  days_NNS  became_VVD  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  then_RL  two_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  impossible_JJ  to_TO  overcome_VV0  the_AT1  desolation_NN  building_VBG  up_RP  around_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Philip_NP  was_VBDZ  amazingly_RR  better_JJ  and_CC  already_RR  busy_JJ  on_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  play_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  worked_VVD  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  a_AT1  portable_JJ  typewriter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  task_NN  .  
  Sandra_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL    to_TO  attend_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  his_APP$  needs_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  world_NN  was_VBDZ  whole_JJ  again_RR  and_CC  he_PPHO1  ,_,  to_IO  himself_PPX1  ,_,  its_APP$  hub_NN  .  
  with_IO  illness_NN  had_VHD  come_VBN  an_AT1  intense_JJ  instinct_NN  for_IO  self-preservation_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  concentration_NN  upon_IO  his_APP$  desires_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  good_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  not_XX  .  
  not_XX  overdoing_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  doctor_NN  recommended_VBN  by_IO  Nicholas_NP  called_VVD  each_DD1  week_NN  and_CC  then_RL  suggested_VVD  that_CS  no_AT1  further_JB  calls_NNS  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  .  
  Philip_NP  felt_VVD  like_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  no_RR  longer_RRR  centre_JB  stage_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Beatrice_NP  who_PNQS said_VVD  one_MC1  evening_NN  after_IO  dinner_NN  ,_,  
    had_VHD  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  better_RRR  make_VV0  some_DD  plans_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  .  
  quiet_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .    
  Philip_NP  smiled_VVD  smugly_RR  .  
    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  made_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  a_AT1  special_JJ  licence_NN  and_CC  notification_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  vicar_NN  .  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  of_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  secretary_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  talking_VBG  of_IO  one_MC1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  acquired_VBN  since_IO  leaving_VBG  London_NP  .  
    Brandon_NP  's_VBZ  good_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  only_RR  needs_VBZ  Sandra_NP  to_TO  name_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  .    
  Gordon_NP  said_VVD  curtly_RR  ,_,  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usual_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  bride's_NN1$  parents_NNS  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  hand_NN  in_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  Philip_NP  .    
  Philip_NP  bristled_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  our_APP$  intention_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  carnival_NN  affairs_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  and_CC  in_IO  that_DD1  second_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  the_AT1  man_NN  of_IO  success_NN  exerting_VBG  authority_NN  .  
  Sandra_NP  watched_VVD  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  face_NN  pale_VV0  .  
  Philip_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  got_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  nerves_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  everything_PN1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  over_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  matter_VV0  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  said_VBN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  Nicholas_NP  haunted_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  loss_NN  crucifying_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  comment_NN  roused_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  talking_VBG  of_IO  a_AT1  carnival_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  presume_VV0  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  one_MC1  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  our_APP$  friends_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  ceremony_NN  .      yes_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  stammered_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  hated_VVD  herself_PPX1  for_IO  a_AT1  nervous_JJ  stammer_NN  .  
    will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  two_MC  ladies_NNS  both_DB2  join_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  drink_NN  then_RL  we_PPIS2  can_VM  all_DB  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  room_NN  together_RR  .    
  Vera_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  Caroline_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  pleased_JJ  to_TO  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Carson_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Caroline_NP  .  
  David_NP  found_VVD  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  small_JJ  table_NN  pulled_VVD  up_RP  three_MC  chairs_NNS  waited_VBN  until_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  were_VBDR  seated_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  this_DD1  calls_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  celebration_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  often_RR  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  luck_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  entertaining_VBG  two_MC  such_DA  charming_JJ  ladies_NNS  .  
  excuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  moment_NN  .    
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  strode_VVD  off_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  ,_,  Vera_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  delightful_JJ  .    
    he_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  nice_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  taken_VBN  a_AT1  fancy_NN  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Vera_NP  .    
    not_XX  he_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  our_APP$  first_MD  meeting_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  nice_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  .    
  at_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  David_NP  ordered_VVD  a_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  champagne_NN  and_CC  three_MC  glasses_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  sent_VBN  over_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  table_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  that_CS  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  glass_NN  or_CC  two_MC  of_IO  champagne_NN  might_VM  get_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Dodd_NP  into_IO  a_AT1  friendly_JJ  mood_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  sat_VVD  down_RP  and_CC  offered_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  gold_NN  case_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  took_VVD  one_MC1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  flicked_VVD  on_RP  his_APP$  lighter_NN  and_CC  held_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  them_PPHO1  then_RL  lit_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  a_AT1  waiter_NN  came_VVD  along_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  glasses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  champagne_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
  Vera_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    champagne_NN  !_!  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  celebration_NN  .    
  later_RRR  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  finished_VBN  the_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  champagne_NN  and_CC  David_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  care_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  Caroline_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  her_APP$  glass_NN  filled_VBN  three_MC  times_NNS  they_PPHS2  adjourned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  room_NN  to_TO  dance_VV0  .  
  Vera_NP  immediately_RR  excused_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_TO  go_VV0  off_RP  and_CC  dance_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  .  
  David_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  dance_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  love_VV0  to_TO  .    
  the_AT1  band_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  started_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  a_AT1  waltz_NN  .  
  David_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  dancer_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  surprise_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  Caroline_NP  was_VBDZ  also_RR  .  
  their_APP$  steps_NNS  fitted_VVD  excellently_RR  together_RR  .  
  a_AT1  waltz_NN  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  dances_NNS  which_DDQ  enables_VBZ  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  close_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  she_PPHO1  danced_VVD  as_RG  well_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  her_PPHO1  closer_RRR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  willingly_RR  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  dance_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  finish_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  awfully_RG  hot_JJ  in_IO  here_RL  .  
  what_DDQ  about_IO  coming_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  and_CC  having_VHG  a_AT1  cool_JJ  drink_NN  .    
  now_RL  while_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  dancing_VBG  Caroline_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  failed_VBN  to_TO  notice_VV0  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  quite_DA  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  women_NNS  were_VBDR  eyeing_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  envy_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  rather_RR  fun_NN  to_TO  walk_VV0  off_RP  with_IO  this_DD1  nice-looking_JJ  man_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  and_CC  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  all_DB  annoyed_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  cool_JJ  drink_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  nice_JJ  .  
  as_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  very_RG  hot_JJ  in_IO  here_RL  .    
  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  arm_NN  David_NP  led_VVD  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  beckoned_VVD  over_RP  a_AT1  waiter_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  to_TO  drink_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    a_AT1  lemon_NN  squash_NN  with_IO  ice_NN  .    
  David_NP  ordered_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  whisky_NN  and_CC  soda_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  served_VBN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  a_AT1  stroll_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  morning_NN  and_CC  happened_VVD  to_TO  pass_VV0  by_IO  your_APP$  house_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  glance_NN  I_PPIS1  obtained_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  gates_NNS  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  quite_DA  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  garden_NN  .    
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  .  
  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  we_PPIS2  because_CS  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  not_XX  all_DB  belong_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  my_APP$  sister_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  share_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  between_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  pretending_VBG  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unaware_JJ  the_AT1  sister_NN  was_VBDZ  away_RP  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    does_VBZ  n't_XX  your_APP$  sister_NN  ever_RR  come_VV0  here_RL  to_TO  dance_VV0  .    
    often_RR  when_CS she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  staying_VBG  with_IO  friends_NNS  in_IO  Eastbourne_NP  .    
    so_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  all_RR  alone_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .    
    not_XX  quite_RR  alone_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  the_AT1  servants_NNS  and_CC  lots_NNS  of_IO  friends_NNS  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  staying_VBG  long_RR  here_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  depends_VBZ  on_IO  whether_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  bored_JJ  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  get_VV0  bored_JJ  I_PPIS1  move_VV0  on_RP  .    
    not_XX  bored_JJ  yet_RR  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  bored_JJ  in_IO  such_DA  charming_JJ  company_NN  as_IO  yours_PP$  .    
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  herself_PPX1  Caroline_NP  felt_VVD  herself_PPX1  flush_VV0  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  come_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  look_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Manor_NNL1  House_NNL1  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  if_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  care_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .    
    nothing_PN1  would_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  greater_JJ  pleasure_NN  .  
  can_VM  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  a_AT1  definite_JJ  date_NN  .    
    come_VV0  and_CC  have_VH0  tea_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  tomorrow_NN1  afternoon_NN  at_IO  four_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  after_IO  tea_NN  I_PPIS1  will_VM  show_VV0  you_PPY  round_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  and_CC  grounds_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  delighted_JJ  to_TO  .  
  most_RG  kind_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  Caroline_NP  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  ,_,  that_DD1  will_VM  make_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  room_NN  jealous_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  hear_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  landed_VBN  this_DD1  man_NN  to_IO  tea_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  David_NP  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  play_VV0  my_APP$  cards_NNS  rightly_RR  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  land_VV0  this_DD1  woman_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  arms_NNS  in_IO  time_NN  .  
  how_CS wonderful_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  to_TO  marry_VV0  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  million_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  shelf_NN  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  really_RR  fell_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  once_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  married_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  getting_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  settle_VV0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  sum_NN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  feeling_VBG  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  wise_JJ  to_TO  rush_VV0  matters_NNS  so_RG  soon_RR  he_PPHO1  finished_VVD  his_APP$  drink_NN  and_CC  suggested_VVD  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  room_NN  .  
  Caroline_NP  could_VM  do_VD0  nothing_PN1  but_CS  agree_VV0  although_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  liked_VBN  to_TO  stay_VV0  and_CC  continue_VV0  talking_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  dance_NN  room_NN  David_NP  found_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  seat_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  and_CC  asked_VVD  Vera_NP  to_TO  dance_VV0  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  like_VV0  my_APP$  friend_NN  Carrie_NP  .    asked_VVD  Vera_NP  as_CS  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  like_VV0  her_PPHO1  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  dances_VBZ  well_RR  and_CC  seems_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  charming_JJ  young_JJ  woman_NN  .    
    Carrie_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  darling_NN  really_RR  .  
  just_RR  unfortunate_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  possess_VV0  the_AT1  lovely_JJ  looks_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
  every_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  Gallows_NP  Corner_NNL1  is_VBZ  mad_JJ  on_IO  Susie_NP  .    
    that_DD1  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  leaves_VBZ  Miss_NNSB1  Caroline_NP  rather_RR  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cold_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  both_DB2  terribly_RR  wealthy_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  understand_VV0  why_CS some_DD  man_NN  has_VHZ  not_XX  tried_VBN  to_TO  snap_VV0  up_RP  Carrie_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  wife_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  .    
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  the_AT1  sister_NN  would_VM  ,_,  is_VBZ  that_DD1  it_PPH1  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  not_XX  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Susie_NP  ,_,  although_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  heaps_NNS  of_IO  admirers_NNS  she_PPHO1  never_RR  seems_VBZ  to_TO  bother_VV0  much_RR  about_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  when_CS at_IO  home_NN1  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  always_RR  too_RG  busy_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  horses_NNS  ,_,  riding_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  hounds_NNS  and_CC  taking_VBG  part_NN  in_IO  ladies'_NN2  point-to-point_NN  races_NNS  .  
  Susie_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  wonderful_JJ  horsewoman_NN  .    
  David_NP  had_VHD  one_MC1  more_DA  dance_NN  with_IO  Caroline_NP  later_RRR  that_DD1  evening_NN  then_RL  he_PPHO1  excused_VVD  himself_PPX1  with_IO  the_AT1  excuse_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  feeling_VBG  tired_JJ  and_CC  thought_VVD  he_PPHO1  would_VM  turn_VV0  in_RP  .  
  saying_VBG  he_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  four_MC  o'clock_RR  the_AT1  next_DA  afternoon_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  good_JJ  night_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  David_NP  could_VM  see_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  longing_VBG  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  stay_VV0  and_CC  dance_VV0  once_RR  again_RR  with_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  the_AT1  right_JJ  thing_NN  in_IO  not_XX  doing_VBG  so_PN1  .  
  that_DD1  would_VM  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  look_VV0  forward_RR  all_RR  the_AT1  more_RRR  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  bed_NN  feeling_VBG  most_RG  satisfied_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  four_MC  .  
  everyone_PN1  in_IO  Gallows_NP  Corner_NNL1  spoke_VVD  of_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  whirlwind_NN  engagement_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  two_MC  weeks_NNS  later_RRR  that_CS  Caroline_NP  Dodd_NP  had_VHD  become_VBN  engaged_VBN  to_IO  David_NP  Carson_NP  .  
  David_NP  had_VHD  hurried_VBN  his_APP$  love-making_NN  up_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  reason_NN  his_APP$  capital_NN  was_VBDZ  fast_RR  disappearing_VBG  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wise_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  know_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  never_RR  do_VD0  to_TO  ask_VV0  Caroline_NP  to_TO  lend_VV0  him_PPHO1  any_DD  money_NN  ,_,  after_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  once_RR  married_VBN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  settlement_NN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Caroline_NP  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  made_VBN  love_NN  to_IO  by_IO  such_DA  an_AT1  experienced_JJ  man_NN  as_IO  David_NP  Carson_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  literally_RR  swept_VVD  her_PPHO1  off_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  sure_JJ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  at_RR  last_RR  found_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  happy_JJ  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  the_AT1  engagement_NN  was_VBDZ  announced_VBN  congratulations_NNS  from_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  women_NNS  in_IO  Gallows_NP  Corner_NNL1  poured_VVD  in_RP  to_IO  Caroline_NP  .  
  the_AT1  men_NNS  had_VHD  varied_JJ  opinions_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  single_JJ  ones_CD1S  began_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  annoyed_JJ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  not_XX  tried_VBN  to_TO  snap_VV0  up_RP  such_DA  a_AT1  wealthy_JJ  woman_NN  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  her_APP$  plain_JJ  looks_NNS  before_CS  this_DD1  Carson_NP  appeared_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  married_JJ  men_NNS  told_VVD  their_APP$  wives_NNS  Caroline_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fool_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  sure_JJ  Carson_NP  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  wishing_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  her_PPHO1  for_IO  her_APP$  money_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  wives_NNS  argued_VVD  the_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  ,_,  like_IO  their_APP$  single_JJ  sisters_NNS  ,_,  felt_VVD  Caroline_NP  was_VBDZ  lucky_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  managed_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best-looking_JJT  men_NNS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  David_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS sensed_VVD  the_AT1  various_JJ  opinions_NNS  and_CC  felt_VVD  some_DD  pressure_NN  might_VM  eventually_RR  be_VB0  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  on_IO  Caroline_NP  to_TO  think_VV0  again_RR  ,_,  pleaded_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  early_JJ  marriage_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  adverse_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  suggestion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  use_VV0  a_AT1  deal_NN  of_IO  pressure_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  agree_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  quick_JJ  marriage_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  registry_NN  in_IO  Starminster_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  marriage_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  with_IO  bridesmaids_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  when_CS David_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Roman_JJ  catholic_NN  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  to_TO  embrace_VV0  her_APP$  religion_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  possible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  marry_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  Church_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  at_RR  last_RR  agreed_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  registry_NN  marriage_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  what_DDQ  finally_RR  decided_VVD  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  letter_NN  she_PPHO1  received_VVD  from_IO  her_APP$  sister_NN  ,_,  Susie_NP  ,_,  telling_VBG  her_PPHO1  not_XX  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  getting_VBG  married_VBN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  out_RP  more_DA  about_IO  this_DD1  David_NP  Carson_NP  ,_,  than_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  her_APP$  letter_NN  .  
  Susie_NP  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  returning_VBG  to_IO  Gallows_NP  Corner_NNL1  the_AT1  following_JJ  week_NN  and_CC  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  this_DD1  man_NN  and_CC  decide_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  knowing_VBG  what_DDQ  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  girl_NN  her_APP$  sister_NN  was_VBDZ  ,_,  Caroline_NP  felt_VVD  by_IO  doing_VBG  so_PN1  she_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  running_VBG  the_AT1  risk_NN  that_CS  David_NP  ,_,  once_CS  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  on_IO  Susie_NP  ,_,  might_VM  change_VV0  his_APP$  mind_NN  about_IO  her_PPHO1  so_CS  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  David_NP  to_TO  go_VV0  into_IO  Starminster_NP  and_CC  arrange_VV0  the_AT1  wedding_NN  as_RG  quickly_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  fitted_VVD  in_RP  well_RR  with_IO  David's_PPIO2  plans_NNS  .  
  in_IO  Starminster_NP  he_PPHO1  arranged_VVD  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  in_IO  three_MC  days'_NN2  time_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  before_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  get_VV0  married_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  Manor_NNL1  House_NNL1  pretending_VBG  to_TO  look_VV0  a_AT1  very_RG  harassed_JJ  man_NN  .  
    darling_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  burst_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  ,_,    I_PPIS1  fear_VV0  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  postpone_VV0  our_APP$  marriage_NN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  .    
    why_CS ,_,  David_NP  ,_,  why_CS .    cried_VVD  Caroline_NP  ,_,  feeling_NN  alarmed_JJ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  changed_VBN  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  dearest_JJT  one_MC1  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  like_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  left_VVD  my_APP$  apartment_NN  in_IO  London_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  short_JJ  holiday_NN  I_PPIS1  only_RR  drew_VVD  from_IO  my_APP$  bank_NN  enough_DD  cash_NN  to_TO  last_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  three_MC  weeks_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  trouble_NN  now_RL  is_VBZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  left_VVD  my_APP$  cheque_NN  book_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  rooms_NNS  and_CC  only_RR  recalled_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  done_VBN  so_PN1  about_RR  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  ago_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  go_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  London_NP  to_TO  get_VV0  some_DD  more_DA  money_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  not_XX  start_VV0  off_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  honeymoon_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  amount_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  left_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  my_APP$  hotel_NN  bill_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  said_VVD  we_PPIS2  must_VM  postpone_VV0  our_APP$  wedding_NN  until_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  back_RP  .    
  David_NP  Carson_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  apartment_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  cheque_NN  book_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  carefully_RR  thought_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  lie_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  told_VBN  hoping_VBG  the_AT1  reaction_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  Caroline_NP  would_VM  refuse_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  her_APP$  wedding_NN  postponed_VBN  and_CC  offer_VV0  to_TO  lend_VV0  him_PPHO1  money_NN  enough_DD  to_TO  last_VV0  until_CS  they_PPHS2  returned_VVD  from_IO  their_APP$  honeymoon_NN  .  
  if_CS  her_APP$  reaction_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  like_IO  that_DD1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  just_RR  said_VVD  ,_,  very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  go_VV0  to_IO  London_NP  and_CC  get_VV0  back_RP  as_RG  quickly_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  then_RL  just_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  disappear_VV0  from_IO  Gallows_NP  Corner_NNL1  for_RR  ever_RR  leaving_VBG  his_APP$  hotel_NN  bill_NN  unpaid_JJ  .  
  luckily_RR  her_APP$  reaction_NN  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  .  
    David_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  simply_RR  will_VM  n't_XX  agree_VV0  to_IO  any_DD  postponement_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  wedding_NN  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  a_AT1  silly_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  so_RG  worried_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  matter_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  lend_VV0  you_PPY  whatever_DDQ  money_NN  you_PPY  require_VV0  until_CS  we_PPIS2  return_VV0  then_RL  you_PPY  can_VM  pay_VV0  me_PPIO1  back_RP  .    
    that_DD1  is_VBZ  sweet_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  say_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  sweetheart_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  hardly_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  borrow_VV0  from_IO  you_PPY  the_AT1  large_JJ  amount_NN  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  require_VV0  for_IO  our_APP$  honeymoon_NN  .    
  David_NP  was_VBDZ  continuing_VBG  to_TO  play_VV0  it_PPH1  up_RP  well_RR  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  absurd_JJ  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  advance_VV0  you_PPY  any_DD  amount_NN  you_PPY  ask_VV0  for_IO  ,_,    said_VVD  Caroline_NP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  very_RG  wealthy_JJ  woman_NN  .    
  David_NP  pretended_VVD  astonishment_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  announcement_NN  .  
    heavens_NNS  !_!  
  Carrie_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  idea_NN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  wealthy_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  money_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  pay_VV0  your_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  keep_NN  up_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  Manor_NNL1  House_NNL1  .  **"_**'  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  serve_VV0  them_PPHO1  with_IO  tomatoes_NNS  and_CC  olives_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  will_VM  enjoy_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  .  
  your_APP$  cooking_NN  's_VBZ  wonderful_JJ  .    
  Julia_NP  lingered_VVD  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  another_DD1  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  she_PPHO1  ventured_VVD  cautiously_RR  downstairs_RL  again_RR  .  
  Adrian_NP  was_VBDZ  now_RL  sitting_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  Portuguese_JJ  engineer_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  silent_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,  and_CC  another_DD1  man_NN  ,_,  discussing_VBG  seafaring_NN  matters_NNS  in_IO  English_NN1  .  
  Julia_NP  attached_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  Lieutenant_NNSB1  Robson_NP  ,_,  reminding_VBG  him_PPHO1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  promised_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  dominoes_NNS  with_IO  her_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  their_APP$  game_NN  lasted_VVD  till_IO  nearly_RR  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  when_CS Sen*?4ora_NNSB1  Gonzalez_NP  commanded_VVD  everybody_PN1  inside_RP  for_IO  dinner_NN  .  
  Adrian_NP  excused_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  said_VVD    goodnight_UH    with_IO  a_AT1  meaningful_JJ  glance_NN  which_DDQ  Julia_NP  chose_VVD  to_TO  ignore_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  drove_VVD  off_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  jeep_NN  .  
  Julia_NP  felt_VVD  depressed_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  trifle_NN  sad_JJ  as_CS  Luis_NP  conveyed_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  Don_NNSB1  Felipe's_PPIO2  house_NN  on_IO  Saturday_NN1  morning_NN  .  
  just_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  Tafira_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  message_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  delivered_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  shipping_NN  company_NN  ,_,  instructing_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  at_IO  their_APP$  offices_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  quay_NN  at_IO  seven_MC  o'clock_RR  on_IO  Monday_NN1  morning_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  embark_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  Juno_NP  for_IO  Southampton_NP  ,_,  sailing_VBG  punctually_RR  at_IO  ten_MC  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  out_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  sunlit_JJ  streets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  palms_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  glimpses_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  blue_JJ  sea_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  golden_JJ  beaches_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  buildings_NNS  ,_,  Julia_NP  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  all_DB  this_DD1  so_RG  soon_RR  .  
  yet_RR  in_IO  another_DD1  forty-eight_MC  hours_NNS  her_APP$  holiday_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  grey_JJ  English_JJ  winter_NN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  worries_NNS  of_IO  finding_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  job_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  roof_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  ,_,  thinking_VBG  how_CS unkind_JJ  fate_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  times_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  morning_NN  began_VVD  just_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  flower-woman_NN  sat_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  Julia_NP  mounted_VVD  the_AT1  steps_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  Alvaro_NP  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  his_APP$  bow_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Pepita_NP  was_VBDZ  wheeling_VBG  a_AT1  little_JJ  wicker_NN  cart_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  pool_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  white_JJ  cat_NN  sitting_VBG  inside_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  cushion_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_APP$  friend_NN  eagerly_RR  .  
    Yoo-li-ah_NP  !_!  
  Yoo-li-ah_NP  !_!    
  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  swept_VBN  her_APP$  curtsey_NN  ,_,  and_CC  held_VBN  out_RP  the_AT1  lace-trimmed_JJ  flounce_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  frock_NN  for_IO  admiration_NN  ,_,  Pepita_NP  led_VVD  Julia_NP  off_RP  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  push_VV0  the_AT1  cart_NN  .  
  soon_RR  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  chattering_VBG  away_RP  gaily_RR  .  
    el_&FW  helado_&FW  ,_,    gurgled_VVD  Pepita_NP  as_CS  the_AT1  maid_NN  brought_VVD  out_RP  two_MC  glass_NN  dishes_NNS  .  
    ice-cream_NN  ,_,    Julia_NP  insisted_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  quite_RR  funny_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  discovered_VVD  chocolate_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  in_IO  both_DB2  languages_NNS  .  
  suddenly_RR  Julia_NP  realised_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  miss_VV0  this_DD1  little_JJ  Spanish_JJ  child_NN  ,_,  so_RG  full_JJ  of_IO  affection_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  simple_JJ  joy_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  feel_VV0  dull_JJ  when_CS Pepita_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  .  
  Julia_NP  said_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  to_IO  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  the_AT1  heart_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  goodbye_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  as_CS  they_PPHS2  watched_VVD  the_AT1  maid_NN  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  ready_JJ  to_TO  carry_VV0  her_PPHO1  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  enjoyed_VBN  Pepita_NP  so_RG  much_RR  .    
    ah_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  you_PPY  propose_VV0  to_TO  sail_VV0  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  Juno_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  not_XX  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  right_JJ  ,_,  alas_UH  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  here_RL  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  Sunday_NN1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  tell_VV0  Pepita_NP  then_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  firmly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  part_VV0  without_IO  exchanging_VBG  your_APP$  farewells_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  courteous_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  rapidly_RR  in_IO  Spanish_NN1  and_CC  the_AT1  result_NN  was_VBDZ  extraordinary_JJ  .  
  hastily_RR  the_AT1  maid_NN  set_VVD  the_AT1  child_NN  down_RP  again_RR  and_CC  retreated_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  .  
  Pepita_NP  stood_VVD  there_RL  staring_VBG  at_IO  Julia_NP  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  happiness_NN  draining_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  pretty_JJ  little_JJ  face_NN  .  
  her_APP$  black_JJ  eyes_NNS  filled_VVD  with_IO  anguish_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tears_NNS  brimming_VBG  over_RP  and_CC  coursing_VBG  down_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  .  
  without_IO  speaking_VBG  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  flung_VVD  herself_PPX1  upon_IO  Julia_NP  ,_,  seizing_VBG  the_AT1  girl_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  knees_NNS  .  
  when_CS Julia_NP  bent_VVD  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  comfort_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Pepita_NP  uttered_VVD  a_AT1  heartrending_JJ  wail_NN  and_CC  then_RL  broke_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  torrent_NN  of_IO  excited_JJ  Spanish_NN1  punctuated_VBN  by_IO  screams_NNS  and_CC  sobs_NNS  .  
    Pepita_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  wish_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  leave_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,    Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  desolate_JJ  ,_,  as_CS  indeed_RR  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  myself_PPX1  .    
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  awful_JJ  ,_,    Julia_NP  exclaimed_VVD  in_IO  consternation_NN  .  
    do_VD0  please_UH  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  stop_VV0  crying_VBG  ,_,  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  explain_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  that_CS  I_PPIS1  really_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  home_NN1  .  I_PPIS1  just_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  .    
  her_APP$  father_NN  spoke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  weeping_VBG  .  
    Yoo-li-ah_NP  !_!  
  Yoo-li-ah_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  moaned_VVD  beseechingly_RR  ,_,  still_RR  clinging_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  knees_NNS  and_CC  refusing_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  lifted_VBN  up_RP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  dear_UH  !_!    Julia_NP  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    whatever_DDQ  can_VM  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  .    
    you_PPY  could_VM  remain_VV0  in_IO  Las_NP  Palmas_NP  ,_,    Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  pointed_VVD  out_RP  .  
    that_DD1  would_VM  make_VV0  my_APP$  Pepita_NP  so_RG  happy_JJ  again_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  rarely_RR  she_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  a_AT1  companion_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  as_RG  congenial_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  you_PPY  obviously_RR  are_VBR  .    
    but_CCB  how_CS can_VM  I_PPIS1  stay_VV0  .    Julia_NP  began_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  only_RR  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  could_VM  .    
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  only_RR  too_RG  delighted_JJ  to_TO  engage_VV0  you_PPY  as_IO  governess_NN  for_IO  Pepita_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  soon_RR  acquire_VV0  sufficient_JJ  Spanish_NN1  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  with_IO  her_APP$  first_MD  lessons_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  read_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  sing_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  enlarge_VV0  her_APP$  knowledge_NN  of_IO  English_NN1  still_RR  more_RRR  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  arduous_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  naturally_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  pay_VV0  you_PPY  an_AT1  ample_JJ  salary_NN  .  
  so_RR  will_VM  you_PPY  not_XX  agree_VV0  to_TO  spend_VV0  the_AT1  winter_NN  in_IO  Las_NP  Palmas_NP  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  ,_,  and_CC  dry_VV0  Pepita's_PPIO2  tears_NNS  .    
  Julia_NP  hesitated_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  an_AT1  exciting_JJ  offer_NN  ,_,  far_RR  more_RG  attractive_JJ  than_CS  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  might_VM  continue_VV0  to_TO  live_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Hotel_NNL1  Tafira_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ,_,  enjoying_VBG  the_AT1  climate_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  friendly_JJ  beach_NN  and_CC  cafe*?2_NN  life_NN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  himself_PPX1  ,_,  the_AT1  handsome_JJ  man_NN  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  now_RL  with_IO  an_AT1  unaccustomed_JJ  trace_NN  of_IO  anxiety_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  feminine_JJ  intuition_NN  told_VVD  Julia_NP  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  for_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  sake_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  Pepita's_PPIO2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  flattering_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  a_AT1  man_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  considered_VVD  you_PPY  important_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  weakening_VBG  ,_,  but_CCB  then_RL  all_RR  at_RR  once_RR  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  heard_VBN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  gossip_NN  that_PNQS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Henderson_NP  had_VHD  repeated_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  Sen*?4ora_NNSB1  Gonzalez_NP  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_PPHO1  cast_VVD  no_AT1  reflection_NN  on_IO  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  either_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  blamed_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  state_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  
  Adrian_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  she_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  running_VBG  into_IO  danger_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  Adrian_NP  could_VM  be_VB0  wrong_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  anyway_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  what_DDQ  Julia_NP  Barclay_NP  did_VDD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  right_NN  to_TO  dictate_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  behaving_VBG  in_IO  that_DD1  high-handed_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  herself_PPX1  stiffening_VBG  again_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  and_CC  manner_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  show_VV0  Adrian_NP  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  wrong_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  stupidly_RR  old-fashioned_JJ  at_IO  that_DD1  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  fascinating_JJ  from_IO  every_AT1  aspect_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_TO  smile_VV0  at_IO  him_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
    you_PPY  make_VV0  it_PPH1  sound_VV0  too_RG  tempting_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  surrendered_VVD  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  really_RR  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  capable_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  Pepita's_PPIO2  teacher_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  done_VBN  anything_PN1  of_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  before_II  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  quite_RR  satisfied_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    so_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  stay_VV0  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  .  
  and_CC  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .  .  
  do_VD0  please_UH  tell_VV0  Pepita_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  expression_NN  change_VV0  as_CS  her_APP$  father_NN  spoke_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  ceased_VVD  to_TO  sob_VV0  and_CC  the_AT1  light_NN  stole_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  again_RR  .  
  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  she_PPHO1  gazed_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  Julia_NP  doubtfully_RR  ,_,  incredulously_RR  .  
  then_RL  gradually_RR  the_AT1  dark_JJ  eyes_NNS  grew_VVD  bright_JJ  once_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  sparkle_VV0  as_CS  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  wont_NN  .  
  Julia_NP  lifted_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  immediately_RR  wound_VVD  her_APP$  small_JJ  arms_NNS  round_IO  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  neck_NN  ,_,  nuzzling_VBG  her_APP$  cheek_NN  ,_,  snuggling_VBG  against_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  smiled_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
    Pepita_NP  is_VBZ  restored_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  both_DB2  most_RG  grateful_JJ  to_IO  you_PPY  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rustling_JJ  sound_NN  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  Julia_NP  half-turned_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  Don*?4a_NNSB1  Beatriz_NP  standing_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  tiles_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  Julia_NP  had_VHD  ever_RR  met_VBN  the_AT1  older_JJ  woman_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  .  
  one_MC1  moment_NN  Don*?4a_NNSB1  Beatriz_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  vision_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tall_JJ  black_JJ  figure_NN  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  scene_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  again_RR  .  
  Julia_NP  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  convinced_VBN  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  must_VM  have_VH0  deceived_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  Pepita_NP  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  carried_VBN  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  nursery_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  indoors_RL  to_IO  luncheon_NN  ,_,  Don*?4a_NNSB1  Beatriz_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  there_RL  ,_,  sitting_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  accustomed_JJ  chair_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  foot_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  table_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  bowed_VVD  gravely_RR  to_IO  Julia_NP  ,_,  acknowledging_VBG  the_AT1  girl's_NN1$  greeting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  serve_VV0  in_IO  her_APP$  usual_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  Julia_NP  had_VHD  already_RR  realised_VBN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  quite_RR  off-beat_JJ  about_IO  Don*?4a_NNSB1  Beatriz_NP  ,_,  so_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  careful_JJ  to_TO  address_VV0  only_RR  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  at_IO  her_APP$  side_NN  throughout_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  discussed_VVD  the_AT1  fiesta_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  aside_RP  as_IO  a_AT1  trifling_JJ  celebration_NN  in_IO  Las_NP  Palmas_NP  .  
    in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  much_RR  more_RG  important_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    harvest_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  for_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  offer_VV0  gratitude_NN  indeed_RR  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  out_RP  at_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  estate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  marking_VBG  the_AT1  day_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  workpeople_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  land_NN  is_VBZ  around_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  of_IO  San_NP  Bernardo_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  beautiful_JJ  valley_NN  with_IO  many_DA  foothills_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  large_JJ  house_NN  there_RL  beside_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  one_MC1  day_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  should_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  .    
    you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  penetrated_VBN  the_AT1  interior_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  yet_RR  .  
  no_UH  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  surprise_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  are_VBR  so_RG  majestic_JJ  they_PPHS2  take_VV0  the_AT1  breath_NN  away_RP  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  viewed_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  .    
    you_PPY  've_VH0  another_DD1  house_NN  at_IO  Tojeda_NP  ,_,  have_VH0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    Julia_NP  remembered_VVD  .  
    on_IO  the_AT1  cliffs_NNS    somebody_PN1  was_VBDZ  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1      
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  abruptly_RR  ,_,  realising_VBG  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  .  
  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  had_VHD  begun_VBN  to_TO  peel_VV0  himself_PPX1  a_AT1  peach_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  completed_VVD  the_AT1  delicate_JJ  operation_NN  before_CS  he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  laid_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  silver_NN  knife_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  Julia_NP  directly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  .  
    so_RR  .  
  people_NNS  have_VH0  talked_VBN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  what_DDQ  else_RR  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  about_IO  Tojeda_NP  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  do_VD0  not_XX  trouble_VV0  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  guess_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  scandal_NN  is_VBZ  tossed_VBN  about_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  cafe*?2s_NNS  and_CC  hotels_NNS  .    
  Julia_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  trifle_NN  uncomfortable_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  really_RR  pay_VV0  great_JJ  attention_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  began_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  imperiously_RR  he_PPHO1  cut_VVD  her_PPHO1  short_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  will_VM  discuss_VV0  this_DD1  matter_NN  later_RRR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    when_CS we_PPIS2  may_VM  be_VB0  private_JJ  .  
  now_RL  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  aquariums_NNS  yet_RR  .  .    
  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  meal_NN  ended_VVD  ,_,  Don*?4a_NNSB1  Beatriz_NP  slipped_VVD  away_RP  as_CS  usual_JJ  and_CC  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  indicated_VVD  that_CS  Julia_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  follow_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    we_PPIS2  will_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  my_APP$  study_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  speak_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  about_IO  Pepita's_PPIO2  education_NN  among_IO  other_DA  things_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  led_VVD  Julia_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  wing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  seen_VBN  before_II  .  
  like_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  ,_,  this_DD1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  richly_RR  furnished_VBN  ,_,  with_IO  handsome_JJ  red_JJ  brocade_NN  curtains_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  carved_JJ  mahogany_NN  desk_NN  and_CC  chairs_NNS  .  
  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  unlocked_VVD  a_AT1  drawer_NN  and_CC  handed_VVD  Julia_NP  an_AT1  envelope_NN  .  
    your_APP$  salary_NN  to_IO  date_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    on_IO  Monday_NN1  we_PPIS2  begin_VV0  our_APP$  new_JJ  arrangement_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  named_VVD  a_AT1  figure_NN  which_DDQ  Julia_NP  knew_VVD  was_VBDZ  generous_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  extreme_NN  .  
    so_RR  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  here_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  then_RL  .  
  the_AT1  car_NN  will_VM  call_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY  as_CS  usual_JJ  .    
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  very_RG  much_RR  ,_,  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  my_APP$  best_JJT  .    
  she_PPHO1  waited_VVD  ,_,  thinking_VBG  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  about_IO  his_APP$  daughter_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  governess_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  made_VVD  no_AT1  mention_NN  of_IO  Pepita_NP  now_RL  .  
  instead_RR  he_PPHO1  frowned_VVD  to_IO  himself_PPX1  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  lost_VBN  in_IO  thought_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  lifted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  quietly_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  what_DDQ  tales_NNS  you_PPY  have_VH0  heard_VBN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  .  
  could_VM  you_PPY  not_XX  repeat_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  quite_RR  know_VV0      Julia_NP  hesitated_VVD  .  
  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  twisted_VVD  his_APP$  lips_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  wry_JJ  smile_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  unflattering_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  embarrassed_JJ  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Barclay_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  said_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  island_NN  .  
  loose_JJ  tongues_NNS  wag_VV0  here_RL  just_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  everywhere_RR  else_RR  .  
  Gran_NP  Canaria_NP  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  paradise_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  its_APP$  serpents_NNS  too_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  to_TO  consider_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  Julia_NP  returned_VVD  his_APP$  glance_NN  sympathetically_RR  ,_,  appreciating_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  man_NN  to_TO  bare_VV0  his_APP$  innermost_JJ  feelings_NNS  .  
  Don_NNSB1  Felipe_NP  continued_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  have_VH0  plainly_RR  heard_VBN  uncharitable_JJ  comments_NNS  about_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  so_CS  you_PPY  must_VM  permit_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  facts_NNS  myself_PPX1  .  
  seven_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  married_VVD  the_AT1  daughter_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  fellow_JB  landowners_NNS  ,_,  Don_NNSB1  Miguel_NP  de_&FW  Francia_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  deeply_RR  in_IO  love_NN  and_CC  very_RG  happy_JJ  .  
  after_IO  Pepita's_PPIO2  birth_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  doctors_NNS  informed_VVD  my_APP$  wife_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  bear_VV0  no_AT1  more_DA  children_NNS  .  
  naturally_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tremendous_JJ  grief_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  for_IO  sons_NNS  to_TO  carry_VV0  on_RP  our_APP$  name_NN  .  **"_**'  
  the_AT1  best_JJT  thing_NN  we_PPIS2  can_VM  do_VD0  seems_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  to_TO  concentrate_VV0  on_IO  work_NN  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    under_IO  Rufus_NP  Horgan_NP  !_!    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  Andrea_NP  flinched_VVD  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  that_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  the_AT1  sting_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  hurt_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  blamed_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  passed_VBN  over_IO  ,_,  and_CC  realised_VVD  how_CS he_PPHO1  must_VM  feel_VV0  .  
  and_CC  on_IO  top_II  of_II  that_DD1  to_TO  have_VH0  almost_RR  won_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  for_IO  himself_PPX1  how_CS the_AT1  idea_NN  suddenly_RR  revolted_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  blame_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  wanting_VBG  to_TO  hurt_VV0  her_PPHO1  !_!  
    under_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  say_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  agreed_VVD  dully_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  life_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  and_CC  now_RL    goodbye_UH  .    
    will_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  here_RL  or_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  tomorrow_NN1  .    
    here_RL    to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  .  
  goodbye_UH  .    
  on_IO  the_AT1  second_MD  attempt_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  away_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  know_VV0  Mark_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  made_VBN  any_DD  definite_JJ  arrangements_NNS  about_IO  her_APP$  going_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  again_RR  .  
  perhaps_RR  never_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  when_CS at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  room_NN  ,_,  staring_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  white_JJ  face_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  given_VBN  herself_PPX1  away_RP  too_RG  blatantly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  keep_VV0  clear_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  Pauline_NP  to_TO  interpret_VV0  his_APP$  wants_NNS  ,_,  so_PN1  perhaps_RR  any_DD  typist_NN  would_VM  do_VD0    
  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sickening_JJ  desert_NN  of_IO  hours_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  phone_NN  call_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  normally_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  telephoned_VBN  the_AT1  house_NN  to_TO  ask_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  ashamed_JJ  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  late_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  hoping_VBG  to_TO  hear_VV0  his_APP$  voice_NN  every_AT1  time_NN  her_APP$  telephone_NN  rang_VVD  ,_,  Gus_NP  answered_VVD  a_AT1  call_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  stiffened_VVD  ,_,  listening_VBG  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  you_PPY  ,_,  Mark_NP  .    she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  him_PPHO1  say_VV0  .  
    still_RR  making-out_VBG  .  
  fine_JJ  !_!  
  something_PN1  you_PPY  want_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  do_VD0  here_RL  .    
  Andrea_NP  trembled_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  her_PPHO1  pencil_VV0  moving_VBG  and_CC  her_APP$  head_NN  bent_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  straining_VBG  to_TO  hear_VV0  every_AT1  word_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  hell_UH  !_!    was_VBDZ  all_DB  Gus_NP  said_VVD  at_RR  first_RR  .  
  the_AT1  receiver_NN  crackled_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  :_:  
    well_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  through_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  you_PPY  can_VM  trust_VV0  Andrea_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  guy_NN  need_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  we_PPIS2  hate_VV0  his_APP$  guts_NNS  for_IO  coming_VBG  here_RL  instead_RR  of_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_RP  on_IO  your_APP$  first_MD  conference_NN  .  
  \0O.K_UH  .  
  thanks_NNS  a_AT1  lot_NN      
  Mark_NP  must_VM  have_VH0  said_VBN  goodbye_NN  then_RL  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  American_NN1  put_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  receiver_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  him_PPHO1  looking_VBG  across_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  not_XX  look_VV0  up_RP  until_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    Horgan_NP  's_VBZ  coming_VBG  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  guess_VV0  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  and_CC  break_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  lab_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  eased_VVD  himself_PPX1  up_RP  and_CC  ambled_VVD  off_RP  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  grip_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  whirling_JJ  emotions_NNS  ,_,  managed_VVD  to_TO  sound_VV0  cool_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  .  
    Gus_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    what_DDQ  about_IO  that_DD1  leakage_NN  business_NN  .  
  does_VBZ  \0Dr_NNSB1  Horgan_NP  have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  .    
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  all_DB  come_VV0  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  handover_NN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  just_RR  trip_VV0  over_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  feet_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  something_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  tomorrow_NN1  over_RP  at_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  place_NN      
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  absurd_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  keep_VV0  your_APP$  job_NN  .    
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  back_RP  and_CC  induct_VV0  him_PPHO1  here_RL  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  scientist_NN  in_IO  me_PPIO1  sure_RR  hates_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
  understand_VV0  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  Mark_NP  does_VBZ  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  everyone_PN1  feels_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  .    
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  taking_VBG  it_PPH1  badly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  lab_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  Mark's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  theory_NN  about_IO  the_AT1  leakage_NN    that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  coincidence_NN    was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  any_DD  of_IO  those_DD2  boys_NNS  letting_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  passes_VBZ  here_RL  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  know_VV0    which_DDQ  ,_,  thanks_IO  to_II  the_AT1  system_NN  ,_,  none_PN1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   really_RR  does_VBZ  .    
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  over_RP  ,_,  anyway_RR  .  
  any_DD  instructions_NNS  for_IO  me_PPIO1  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  while_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  away_RP  .    
    just_RR  see_VV0  the_AT1  place_NN  is_VBZ  all_RR  spruced_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  no_AT1  dust_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  files_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  understanding_JJ  grin_NN  .  
    and_CC  have_VH0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  typing_NN  school_NN  warned_VBN  she_PPHO1  may_VM  be_VB0  needed_VBN  .  
  Mark_NP  will_VM  want_VV0  you_PPY  with_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Horgan_NP  quite_DA  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  to_TO  run_VV0  the_AT1  show_NN  here_RL  until_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  everything_PN1  sewn_VBN  up_RP  .  
  though_CS  how_CS I_PPIS1  shall_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  manage_VV0  perfectly_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  automatically_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  more_DA  .  
  next_DA  morning_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  charge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ;_;  Gus_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  come_VV0  back_RP  for_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  vision_NN  of_IO  Pauline_NP  serving_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  scientists_NNS  .  
  Andrea_NP  ate_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  canteen_NN  hastily_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  forcing_VBG  herself_PPX1  to_TO  mix_VV0  with_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  girls_NNS  as_CS  though_CS  today_NN1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  like_IO  any_DD  other_DA  day_NN    as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  shock_NN  and_CC  sensation_NN  of_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  blindness_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  unless_CS  his_APP$  successor_NN  turned_VVD  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  young_JJ  and_CC  attractive_JJ  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  barely_RR  interested_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  glimpsed_VVD  \0Dr_NNSB1  Horgan_NP  through_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  window_NN  ,_,  getting_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  Gus'_PPIO2  car_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  heart-throb_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  rimless_JJ  glasses_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  short_JJ  ,_,  conventionally_RR  dressed_VBN  and_CC  dedicated-looking_JJ  .  
  Mark_NP  ,_,  without_IO  his_APP$  height_NN  and_CC  personal_JJ  magnetism_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  bitterly_RR  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Gus_NP  was_VBDZ  introducing_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Horgan's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  behind_IO  his_APP$  spectacles_NNS  were_VBDR  friendly_JJ  and_CC  his_APP$  smile_NN  kind_JJ  .  
    \0Dr_NNSB1  Pentland_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Holme_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  shaking_VBG  hands_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  work_VV0  well_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  team_NN    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  sitting-in_VBG  on_IO  your_APP$  work_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  idea_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  meet_VV0  and_CC  work_VV0  at_IO  his_APP$  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  mornings_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  remain_VV0  behind_RP  for_IO  fuller_JJ  discussion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  .  
  today_NN1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  simply_RR  looking_VBG  round_RP      
  Gus_NP  led_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,  showing_VBG  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  Mark's_PPIO2  desk_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  small_JJ  inner_JB  office_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  used_VBN  for_IO  highly_RR  secret_JJ  work_NN  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  lab_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  departments_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  Andrea_NP  could_VM  drop_VV0  the_AT1  forced_JJ  smile_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  and_CC  stare_VV0  into_IO  space_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  sounded_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  never_RR  again_RR  be_VB0  alone_JJ  with_IO  Mark_NP  .  
  why_CS should_VM  she_PPHO1  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  .  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  herself_PPX1  furiously_RR  .  
  why_CS offer_VV0  herself_PPX1  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  for_IO  punishment_NN  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  and_CC  Gus_NP  came_VVD  back_RP  .  
    leaving_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  get_VV0  acquainted_VBN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    did_VDD  you_PPY  see_VV0  Pauline_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  blinked_VVD  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  vaguely_RR  .  
    did_VDD  I_PPIS1  .  
  sure_UH  .  
  she_PPHO1  served_VVD  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  pretty_RR  good_JJ  lunch_NN  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  certainly_RR  settled_VBN  down_RP  .  
  old_JJ  Mark_NP  seems_VBZ  to_TO  rely_VV0  on_IO  her_PPHO1  quite_DA  a_AT1  bit_NN  .    
  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  words_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  meant_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  barb_NN  they_PPHS2  drove_VVD  deep_RR  into_IO  Andrea's_PPIO2  heart_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  14_MC  .  
  talk_NN  of_IO  pity_NN  .  
  for_IO  Andrea_NP  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  were_VBDR  terrible_JJ  .  
  not_XX  only_RR  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  knowing_VBG  Mark's_PPIO2  agony_NN  in_IO  gradually_RR  transferring_VBG  his_APP$  affairs_NNS  ,_,  including_IO  his_APP$  confidential_JJ  secretary_NN  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  man_NN  .  
  particularly_RR  the_AT1  agony_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  talks_NNS  from_IO  which_DDQ  even_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  excluded_VBN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  confided_VVD  the_AT1  highly_RR  secret_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  discoveries_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  only_DA  way_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  was_VBDZ  by_IO  turning_VBG  herself_PPX1  into_IO  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  robot_NN  and_CC  trying_VBG  not_XX  to_TO  think_VV0    not_XX  to_TO  feel_VV0  when_CS she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  from_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  expression_NN  that_CS  his_APP$  head_NN  was_VBDZ  aching_VBG  with_IO  strain_NN  .  
  not_XX  to_TO  care_VV0  that_CS  behind_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  dark_JJ  glasses_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  such_DA  a_AT1  distinguished_JJ  look_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  eyes_NNS  that_PNQS could_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  ten_MC  days_NNS  before_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Horgan_NP  worked_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  factory_NN  office_NN  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  dictated_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  letters_NNS  after_IO  returning_VBG  from_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  home_NN1  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  one_MC1  afternoon_NN  Horgan_NP  came_VVD  soon_RR  after_IO  lunch_NN  .  
  Andrea_NP  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  drive_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  get_VV0  out_RP  briskly_RR  .  
    \0Dr_NNSB1  Pentland_NP  has_VHZ  some_DD  jobs_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Holme_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  striding_VBG  in_RP  .  
    call_VV0  in_RP  a_AT1  typist_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  go_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  back_RP  there_RL  today_NN1    it_PPH1  depends_VBZ  on_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  here_RL  .    
  Andrea_NP  telephoned_VVD  the_AT1  typing_NN  pool_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  met_VVD  Gus'_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  take-over_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  ,_,  as_RG  plainly_RR  as_IO  speech_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  .  
  this_DD1  might_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  very_RG  last_DA  time_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  Pentlands'_NPS$  home_NN1  to_TO  work_VV0  for_IO  Mark_NP  .  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  mockingly_RR  lovely_JJ  .  
  once_CS  the_AT1  rectangular_JJ  steel-and-glass_JB  blocks_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  factory_NN  were_VBDR  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  cycling_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  short-cut_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  unspoilt_JJ  country_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  drone_NN  of_IO  bees_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  roses_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  porch_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  great_JJ  bowl_NN  of_IO  half-opened_JJ  roses_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  chest_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  Pauline_NP  ,_,  Andrea_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  into_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  office_NN    and_CC  then_RL  the_AT1  flicker_NN  of_IO  jealousy_NN  roared_VVD  up_RP  into_IO  a_AT1  great_JJ  burning_JJ  flame_NN  .  
  for_CS  Pauline_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  with_IO  Mark_NP    very_RG  close_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Andrea_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  horrible_JJ  impression_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  sprang_VVD  apart_RP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  entered_VVD  .  
    oh_UH      the_AT1  blonde_NN  exclaimed_VVD  ,_,  turning_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  hear_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  Andrea_NP  thought_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  burst_VV0  into_IO  tears_NNS  so_RG  overwhelming_JJ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  certainty_NN  that_CS  all_DB  her_APP$  vague_JJ  feelings_NNS  about_IO  Pauline_NP  and_CC  Mark_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  only_RR  too_RG  well_RR  founded_VBN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  her_APP$  throbbing_JJ  pulses_NNS  steadied_VVD  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  books_NNS  scattered_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  carpet_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  overturned_JJ  bowl_NN  of_IO  roses_NNS  .  
  pink_JJ  ,_,  cream_JJ  and_CC  scarlet_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  lying_VBG  everywhere_RR  .  
    \0Dr_NNSB1  Horgan_NP  said_VVD  you_PPY  wanted_VVD  me_PPIO1      she_PPHO1  got_VVD  out_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  .    
  Mark_NP  turned_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  direction_NN  ,_,  while_CS  his_APP$  hands_NNS  groped_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  chair_NN  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  been_VBN  extremely_RR  clumsy_JJ  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  find_VV0  my_APP$  way_NN  around_RP  .  
  knocked_VBN  something_PN1  over_RP  and_CC  turned_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  room_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  shambles_NN  ,_,  apparently_RR  !_!    
    oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  bad_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  .    
  Pauline_NP  stooped_VVD  and_CC  began_VVD  dabbing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  carpet_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  scarf_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  pulled_VBN  from_IO  her_APP$  neck_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  good_JJ  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  left_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  your_APP$  mother's_NN1$  shopping_NN  before_CS  you_PPY  shouted_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  .  
  Andrea_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  cleared_VBN  up_RP  .    
    why_UH  yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  my_APP$  fault_NN  ,_,  Mark_NP  ,_,  not_XX  warning_VBG  you_PPY  where_CS the_AT1  flowers_NNS  were_VBDR  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  miss_VV0  your_APP$  bus_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  get_VV0  another_DD1  pair_NN  of_IO  gloves_NNS      
  the_AT1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  her_APP$  outdoor_JB  coat_NN    fabric_NN  gloves_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  big_JJ  china_NN  earrings_NNS  that_PNQS ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  warred_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  outfit_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  strangely_RR  breathless_JJ  .  
  as_IO  for_II  Mark_NP  ,_,  unless_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  trick_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  very_RG  white_JJ  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  true_JJ  that_CS  Pauline_NP  had_VHD  dashed_VBN  in_RP  in_IO  response_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  shout_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS everything_PN1  cascaded_VVD  down_RP  off_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bookcase_NN  .  
  or_CC  had_VHD  there_EX  been_VBN  a_AT1  love_NN  scene_NN  ,_,  when_CS some_DD  clumsy_JJ  movement_NN  of_IO  Mark's_PPIO2  might_VM  have_VH0  caused_VBN  the_AT1  accident_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  strange_JJ  tension_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  fetching_VBG  a_AT1  cloth_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .    Pauline_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  simply_RR  must_VM  run_VV0  !_!    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  .    
  Andrea_NP  wheeled_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  leaving_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_TO  say_VV0  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  to_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  but_CCB  Pauline_NP  came_VVD  out_RP  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  Andrea_NP  heard_VVD  her_PPHO1  go_VV0  racing_VBG  upstairs_RL  ,_,  then_RL  the_AT1  rapid_JJ  opening_NN  and_CC  shutting_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  drawer_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  footsteps_NNS  coming_VBG  down_RP  again_RR  .  
    so_RG  sorry_JJ  to_TO  trouble_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    she_PPHO1  called_VVD  ,_,  turning_VBG  her_APP$  fair_JJ  head_NN  to_TO  flash_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  girl_NN  a_AT1  smile_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  passed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  as_CS  Pauline_NP  ran_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  down_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  ,_,  Andrea_NP  braced_VVD  herself_PPX1  and_CC  walked_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
  Mark_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  standing_VBG  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  left_VBN  him_PPHO1    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  go_VV0  down_RP  almost_RR  at_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  mop_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  rearrange_VV0  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  better_RRR  get_VV0  a_AT1  towel_NN  to_TO  dry_VV0  the_AT1  books_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  sound_VV0  casual_JJ  and_CC  failing_VBG  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  !_!  
  it_PPH1  could_VM  only_RR  mean_VV0  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  blundered_VBN  in_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  love_NN  scene_NN  ,_,  however_CS unpremeditated_JJ  and_CC  brief_JJ  it_PPH1  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  .  
    do_VD0  ,_,  please_UH  ,_,    Mark_NP  said_VVD  curtly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  hours_NNS  of_IO  coming_NN  and_CC  going_NN  ,_,  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  until_CS  he_PPHO1  must_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  silence_NN  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  cleared_VBN  up_RP  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  finished_VBN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    sorry_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  such_DA  a_AT1  clumsy_JJ  oaf_NN  .  
  better_RRR  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  work_NN  now_RL  ,_,  had_VHD  n't_XX  we_PPIS2  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  really_RR  only_RR  a_DA  few_DA  personal_JJ  letters_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  ready_JJ  .  
  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  .    
    thanks_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rather_RR  stand_VV0      
  he_PPHO1  paced_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  down_RP  ,_,  feeling_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  chairs_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  always_RR  strategically_RR  placed_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  mind_NN  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  distracted_VBN    these_DD2  letters_NNS  to_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  written_VBN  sympathetically_RR  about_IO  his_APP$  tragedy_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  more_DA  trouble_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  intricate_JJ  scientific_JJ  calculations_NNS  .  Gaby_NP  touched_VVD  his_APP$  wrist_NN  .  
    now_CS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  in_IO  my_APP$  country_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  allow_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  choose_VV0  for_IO  you_PPY  a_AT1  really_RR  French_JJ  meal_NN  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  .    
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  the_AT1  order_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  waiter_NN  ,_,  using_VBG  her_APP$  hands_NNS  so_RG  expressively_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  for_IO  Rob_NP  to_TO  imagine_VV0  why_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  singled_VBN  him_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  surely_RR  have_VH0  had_VHN  any_DD  man_NN  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  very_RG  young_JJ  tonight_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  indescribably_RR  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  strapless_JJ  dress_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  green_JJ  and_CC  white_JJ  silky_JJ  cotton_NN  .  
  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  face_NN  were_VBDR  still_RR  tanned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  light_NN  the_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  had_VHD  deepened_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  burnt_JJ  honey_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  met_VVD  his_APP$  gaze_NN  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  again_RR  ,_,  Rob_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  thinking_VBG  how_CS lovely_JJ  you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  you_PPY  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  say_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  never_RR  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  could_VM  say_VV0  aloud_RR  .    
    not_XX  even_RR  to_IO  Diana_NP  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  glint_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  eye_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  will_VM  n't_XX  mention_VV0  Diana_NP  tonight_NN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  abruptly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  make_VV0  comparisons_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  sounded_VVD  pompous_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  to_TO  feel_VV0  guilty_JJ  this_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  times_NNS  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  .    
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  while_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  course_NN  of_IO  steaming_JJ  artichokes_NNS  ,_,  soaked_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  buttery_JJ  sauce_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  served_VBN  .  
  then_RL  her_APP$  smile_NN  dazzled_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  appetite_NN  tonight_NN1  ,_,  Rob_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ordered_VBN  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  things_NNS  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  eat_VV0  them_PPHO1  somehow_RR  ,_,  then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  walk_VV0  it_PPH1  off_RP  afterwards_RR  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  blue_JJ  trout_NN  next_RR  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  young_JJ  chicken_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  cooked_VBN  in_IO  wine_NN  and_CC  herbs_NNS  ,_,  finally_RR  a_AT1  platter_NN  of_IO  cheese_NN  and_CC  fruit_NN  .  
  Rob_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  meal_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  ever_RR  eaten_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  of_IO  beans_NNS  on_IO  toast_NN  in_IO  Birmingham_NP  and_CC  shudder_VV0  .  
  or_CC  spaghetti_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  like_VV0  going_VBG  to_IO  Italy_NP  !_!    
    will_VM  you_PPY  ever_RR  go_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  Rob_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  skinning_VBG  a_AT1  peach_NN  with_IO  absorbed_JJ  skill_NN  .  
    not_XX  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  help_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  that_DD1  phase_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  is_VBZ  over_RP  .    
    and_CC  the_AT1  future_NN  ,_,  Rob_NP  ,_,  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  look_VV0  for_IO  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .    
    whatever_DDQ  comes_VBZ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  lightly_RR  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  see-saw_NN  business_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  stay_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  just_RR  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ,_,  then_RL  try_VV0  to_TO  accept_VV0  defeat_NN  as_RG  gracefully_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  stay_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  for_IO  years_NNS  ,_,  Rob_NP  .  
  we_PPIS2  both_DB2  will_VM  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  vehemently_RR  .  
    before_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  finished_VBN  ,_,  everyone_PN1  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  Rome_NP  and_CC  New_NP  York_NP  will_VM  have_VH0  heard_VBN  all_DB  about_IO  Rob_NP  Martin_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  famous_JJ  British_JJ  singer_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  perfume_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  drifted_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    with_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  of_IO  us_PPIO2   in_IO  partnership_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  can_VM  go_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  believe_VV0  that_DD1  .    
  the_AT1  expression_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  was_VBDZ  hidden_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  lamplight_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  do_VD0  just_RR  about_RR  anything_PN1  anyone_PN1  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  back_RP  smiling_VBG  triumphantly_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  sing_VV0  our_APP$  way_NN  round_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  Rob_NP  .  
  perhaps_RR  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  invited_VBN  to_IO  those_DD2  cities_NNS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  only_RR  read_VBN  about_IO  .  
  people_NNS  will_VM  talk_VV0  of_IO  us_PPIO2   as_CS  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  of_IO  Nelson_NP  Eddy_NP  and_CC  Jeannette_NP  Macdonald_NP  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  singing_NN  partnership_NN  achieved_VVD  quite_DA  the_AT1  fame_NN  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  .  
  but_CCB  we_PPIS2  will_VM  ,_,  Rob_NP  ,_,  we_PPIS2  will_VM  ,_,    she_PPHO1  ended_VVD  fiercely_RR  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  let_VV0  it_PPH1  go_VV0  .  
  abruptly_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  pay_VV0  the_AT1  bill_NN  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  walk_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  clear_JJ  as_CS  they_PPHS2  say_VV0  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  .    
  they_PPHS2  took_VVD  off_RP  their_APP$  shoes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  sand_NN  was_VBDZ  soft_JJ  and_CC  smooth_JJ  beneath_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  the_AT1  lights_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  terrace_NN  looked_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  way_NN  off_RP  .  
  Rob_NP  bent_VVD  and_CC  put_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  warm_JJ  and_CC  still_JJ  .  
  Gaby_NP  said_VVD  impishly_RR  ,_,  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   paddle_VV0  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  can_VM  see_VV0  us_PPIO2   from_IO  there_RL  .    
  Rob_NP  tucked_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  kicked_VVD  her_APP$  nylons_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  ,_,  white_JJ  sandals_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  waded_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  shallow_JJ  water_NN  .  
    look_VV0  across_IO  there_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  driven_VBN  earlier_RRR  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  coast_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  strip_NN  of_IO  twinkling_JJ  stars_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  could_VM  be_VB0  on_IO  an_AT1  island_NN  ,_,  cut_VBN  off_RP  from_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  people_NNS  there_RL  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  back_RP  .    
    neither_RR  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  ,_,  Rob_NP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  stay_VV0  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  stay_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  looked_VVD  very_RG  pale_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  a_AT1  strange_JJ  ,_,  burning_JJ  feeling_NN  was_VBDZ  creeping_VBG  over_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  poised_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  brink_NN  of_IO  some_DD  new_JJ  ,_,  wonderful_JJ  experience_NN  .  
    Gaby_NP  .  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  Rob_NP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Gaby_NP  ,_,  Gaby_NP  !_!    
  her_APP$  lips_NNS  were_VBDR  cool_JJ  and_CC  smooth_JJ  under_IO  his_APP$  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  were_VBDR  like_IO  silk_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  wanting_VBG  to_TO  retain_VV0  this_DD1  moment_NN  all_DB  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  ,_,  shimmering_JJ  darkness_NN  ,_,  rocking_VBG  gently_RR  to_RP  and_CC  fro_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  rustling_JJ  water_NN  .  
  when_CS at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  released_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  feeling_VBG  dizzy_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  impact_NN  .  
  without_IO  speaking_VBG  they_PPHS2  gripped_VVD  each_PPX2  other's_PPX2  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  walked_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  dry_JJ  sand_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  down_RP  .  
  Gaby_NP  started_VVD  to_TO  rub_VV0  at_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  with_IO  a_AT1  wisp_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  handkerchief_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  amazingly_RR  small_JJ  feet_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  everything_PN1  about_IO  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  petite_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  do_VD0  that_DD1  ,_,  Rob_NP  .    
    you_PPY  have_VH0  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  amazed_VBN  .  
  then_RL  his_APP$  arm_NN  came_VVD  round_IO  her_APP$  bare_JJ  shoulders_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  wanted_VBN  it_PPH1  too_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  afraid_JJ  .    
    afraid_JJ  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  afraid_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  push_VV0  me_PPIO1  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  everything_PN1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  over_RP  before_CS  it_PPH1  started_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  stood_VBN  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  this_DD1  way_NN  about_IO  you_PPY  the_AT1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  you_PPY  at_IO  the_AT1  Savoy_NP  party_NN  .  
  people_NNS  laugh_VV0  about_IO  love_NN  at_IO  first_MD  sight_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  sometimes_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  true_JJ    only_LE  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  it_PPH1  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .    
    then_RL  you_PPY  do_VD0  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  slowly_RR  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  hit_VBN  me_PPIO1  like_IO  .  like_IO  a_AT1  boomerang_NN  .    
    and_CC  what_DDQ  about_IO  .  .      .  
  Diana_NP  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .    
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  only_RR  this_DD1  morning_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  Diana_NP  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  believed_VBN  it_PPH1  then_RL  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  an_AT1  odd_JJ  sort_NN  of_IO  way_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  true_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  love_VV0  Diana_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  flame_NN  that_PNQS blazed_VVD  within_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  Gaby_NP  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS first_RR  said_VVD  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  faces_NNS  of_IO  love_NN  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  slowly_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  say_VV0  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  her_PPHO1  down_RP  just_RR  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  yet_CF  one_MC1  day_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  come_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  see_VV0  that_DD1  now_RL  .    
    Rob_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  rested_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  against_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  her_APP$  perfume_NN  had_VHD  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  gentle_JJ  scent_NN  of_IO  Diana's_PPIO2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  some_DD  excitingly_RR  subtle_JJ  blend_NN  that_PNQS tore_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  senses_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  our_APP$  careers_NNS  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  first_RR  of_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  best_JJT  to_TO  go_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  seeing_VBG  more_DA  of_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  perhaps_RR  ,_,  getting_VBG  to_TO  know_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ,_,  but_CCB  doing_VBG  nothing_PN1  definite_JJ  .  
  a_AT1  romance_NN  can_VM  do_VD0  no_AT1  harm_NN  to_IO  our_APP$  publicity_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  marriage_NN  must_VM  wait_VV0  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  agree_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  above_IO  everything_PN1  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  startled_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  their_APP$  publicity_NN  so_RG  firmly_RR  before_IO  their_APP$  private_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  right_JJ  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  more_DA  about_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  aloud_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  imagined_VVD  anything_PN1  like_IO  this_DD1  would_VM  happen_VV0  when_CS we_PPIS2  both_DB2  were_VBDR  invited_VBN  to_IO  Monte_NP  Carlo_NP  .    
    and_CC  would_VM  you_PPY  still_RR  have_VH0  come_VBN  if_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  guessed_VBN  ,_,  Rob_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  would_VM  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  glorious_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  Gaby_NP  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  again_RR  ,_,  running_VBG  his_APP$  hand_NN  through_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  luckiest_JJT  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  lay_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  sand_NN  a_RR  little_RR  longer_RRR  ,_,  talking_VBG  ,_,  listening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  breeze_NN  rustling_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  pine_NN  trees_NNS  behind_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  just_RR  dreaming_VBG  .  
  then_RL  Gaby_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Rob_NP  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  stop_VV0  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  at_IO  Cannes_NP  ,_,  perhaps_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  better_RRR  go_VV0  .  
  tomorrow_NN1  night_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  exhausting_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  face_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  all_RR  about_IO  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  how_CS selfish_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  seem_VV0  quite_RR  real_JJ  somehow_RR  ,_,  after_IO  this_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  in_IO  high_JJ  spirits_NNS  ,_,  their_APP$  voices_NNS  joining_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  liquid_JJ  melody_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  new_JJ  song_NN  .  
  at_IO  Cannes_NP  he_PPHO1  parked_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  harbour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  found_VVD  a_AT1  pavement_NN  cafe*?2_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  boats_NNS  and_CC  drinking_VBG  black_JJ  coffee_NN  .  
    funny_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  mused_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  always_RR  imagined_VVD  myself_PPX1  doing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  south_NN1  of_IO  France_NP  ,_,  sitting_VBG  idly_RR  ,_,  drinking_VBG  coffee_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  people_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  boats_NNS  .  
  and_CC  are_VBR  n't_XX  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  boats_NNS  fabulous_JJ  .    
  they_PPHS2  lit_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  harbour_NN  ,_,  some_DD  miniature_NN  liners_NNS  ,_,  launches_NNS  ,_,  speed_NN  boats_NNS  and_CC  small_JJ  ,_,  colourful_JJ  sailing_NN  dinghies_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  seemed_VVD  joined_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  community_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Gaby_NP  watched_VVD  in_IO  silence_NN  ,_,  holding_VBG  hands_NNS  .  
  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  everything_PN1  had_VHD  been_VBN  said_VBN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  content_JJ  merely_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  together_RR  .  
  reluctantly_RR  then_RL  ,_,  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  outside_IO  Gaby's_PPIO2  room_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  what_DDQ  time_NN  band_NN  call_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  .    
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  heard_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  .    
    then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  time_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  swim_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  .  
  is_VBZ  that_DD1  a_AT1  date_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  date_NN  .  
  goodnight_UH  ,_,  Rob_NP  ,_,  and_CC  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  face_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  kiss_NN  .  
    sweet_JJ  dreams_NNS  .    
    they_PPHS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  sweet_JJ  all_RR  right_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  dreaming_VBG  of_IO  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  back_RP  the_AT1  curtains_NNS  and_CC  let_VVD  the_AT1  sea_NN  breeze_VV0  in_RP  before_CS  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  into_IO  bed_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lay_VVD  awake_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  thinking_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  whole_JJ  day_NN  that_PNQS lay_VVD  ahead_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  too_RG  short_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  intended_VVD  to_TO  hold_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  tightly_RR  with_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  breakfasted_VVD  alone_JJ  ,_,  learning_VBG  with_IO  disappointment_NN  that_CS  Gaby_NP  was_VBDZ  having_VHG  hers_PP$  in_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  particularly_RR  looking_VBG  forward_RR  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  breakfast_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cool_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  broad_JJ  terrace_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  straight_RR  out_RP  to_IO  sea_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  something_PN1  particularly_RR  intimate_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  toyed_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  warm_JJ  rolls_NNS  and_CC  cherry_NN  jam_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  drank_VVD  two_MC  large_JJ  cups_NNS  of_IO  coffee_NN  .  
  their_APP$  call_NN  came_VVD  about_IO  eleven_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  knocked_VVD  on_IO  Gaby's_PPIO2  door_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  missed_VVD  you_PPY  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  drew_VVD  apart_RP  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  my_APP$  bad_JJ  morning_NN  habits_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  teased_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  never_RR  get_VV0  up_RP  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  .  
  even_RR  for_IO  someone_PN1  like_IO  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  remember_VV0  .  
  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  go_VV0  now_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  for_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  this_DD1  morning_NN  as_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  stepped_VBN  straight_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  sunshine_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wore_VVD  a_AT1  full_JJ  white_JJ  skirt_NN  of_IO  some_DD  silky_JJ  material_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  yellow_JJ  top_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  slim_JJ  and_CC  tiny_JJ  and_CC  he_PPHO1  badly_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  protect_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  they_PPHS2  worked_VVD  hard_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  producer_NN  wanted_VVD  nothing_PN1  less_DA  than_IO  perfection_NN  .  
  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  acts_NNS  were_VBDR  called_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  repeat_NN  .  
  Rob_NP  watched_VVD  ,_,  amazed_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  many_DA  more_RG  professional_JJ  stars_NNS  than_IO  himself_PPX1  were_VBDR  made_VBN  to_TO  run_VV0  through_IO  their_APP$  words_NNS  or_CC  their_APP$  music_NN  five_MC  or_CC  six_MC  times_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  cosmopolitan_JJ  gathering_NN  of_IO  stars_NNS  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  English_JJ  ,_,  American_JJ  ,_,  French_JJ  ,_,  Italian_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  couple_NN  from_IO  Brazil_NP  .  
  Rob_NP  began_VVD  by_IO  feeling_VBG  overawed_VBN  before_IO  realizing_VBG  that_CS  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  probably_RR  come_VBN  up_RP  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  .  
  the_AT1  rehearsal_NN  finished_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  and_CC  they_PPHS2  all_DB  trooped_VVD  in_RP  to_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  arguing_VBG  good-humouredly_RR  about_IO  how_CS the_AT1  evening's_NN1$  performance_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  staged_VBN  .  
  Rob_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  have_VH0  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  with_IO  Gaby_NP  until_CS  after_IO  three_MC  o'clock_RR  when_CS most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  rooms_NNS  to_TO  rest_VV0  .  
    still_RR  game_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  swim_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  fetch_VV0  my_APP$  things_NNS  and_CC  be_VB0  with_IO  you_PPY  in_IO  five_MC  minutes_NNS  .    
  for_IO  half_DB  an_AT1  hour_NN  they_PPHS2  splashed_VVD  about_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  ,_,  more_RG  clear_JJ  and_CC  blue_JJ  than_CS  Rob_NP  had_VHD  believed_VBN  possible_JJ  .  
  then_RL  they_PPHS2  lay_VVD  in_IO  long_JJ  deck-chairs_NNS  ,_,  dozing_VBG  under_IO  their_APP$  striped_JJ  umbrellas_NNS  .  
  Rob_NP  reached_VVD  for_IO  Gaby's_PPIO2  hand_NN  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  asleep_JJ  ,_,  looking_VBG  as_RG  deeply_RR  at_IO  peace_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  child_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  lay_VVD  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
  chapter_NN  one_MC1  .  
  southern_JJ  Ireland_NP  August_NN1  ,_,  1940_MC  .  
  dusk_NN  was_VBDZ  softening_VBG  the_AT1  coastline_NN  of_IO  County_NNL1  Kerry_NP  as_CS  Diana_NP  West_NP  turned_VVD  reluctantly_RR  from_IO  her_APP$  window_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  downstairs_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  ,_,  remembering_VBG  that_CS  Gregory_NP  disliked_VVD  cre*?3pe-soled_JJ  brogues_NNS  and_CC  tweeds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  knowing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  make_VV0  some_DD  barbed_JJ  remark_NN  about_IO  her_APP$  wearing_VBG  her_APP$    Lady-Bountiful-uniform_NN    in_IO  the_AT1  gracious_JJ  drawing-room_NN  of_IO  Rosebrae_NP  .  
  six_MC  months_NNS  of_IO  being_VBG  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Gregory_NP  West_NP  had_VHD  taught_VBN  Diana_NP  that_CS  the_AT1  only_DA  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  grow_VV0  a_AT1  protective_JJ  shell_NN  and_CC  to_TO  let_VV0  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  arrowed_JJ  words_NNS  glance_VV0  off_RP  unnoticed_JJ  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  they_PPHS2  hurt_VVD  any_RR  the_AT1  less_RRR  for_IO  being_VBG  ignored_VBN  ;_;  sometimes_RR  the_AT1  ache_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  bewilderment_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  disillusion_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  fierce_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  future_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  burden_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  endured_VBN  and_CC  never_RR  never_RR  a_AT1  happiness_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  anticipated_VBN  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  her_APP$  young_JJ  mouth_NN  set_VBN  and_CC  a_AT1  bleak_JJ  expression_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  dark_JJ  brown_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  where_CS an_AT1  elderly_JJ  manservant_NN  was_VBDZ  beckoning_VBG  to_IO  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  late_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  reproved_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  coming_VBG  to_TO  fetch_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  come_VV0  in_IO  here_RL  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Diana_NP  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  show_VV0  you_PPY  before_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  in_IO  there_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  and_CC  then_RL  steered_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  unlit_JJ  butler's_NN1$  pantry_NN  next_DA  door_NN  .  
    but_CCB  ,_,  Fergus_NP      
    wheesht_UH  !_!  
  stay_VV0  here_RL    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  right_RR  back_RP  .    
  with_IO  a_AT1  faint_JJ  smile_NN  Diana_NP  leaned_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  and_CC  prepared_VVD  to_TO  wait_VV0  as_CS  Fergus_NP  had_VHD  ordered_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  batman_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  world_NN  war_NN  and_CC  for_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  that_DD1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bullied_VBN  and_CC  served_VBN  and_CC  adored_VBN  the_AT1  whole_JJ  family_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  exception_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  master's_NN1$  sister_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  Cavendish_NP  .  
    a_AT1  poor_JJ  fool_JB  woman_NN  ,_,    was_VBDZ  the_AT1  kindest_JJT  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  said_VBN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  angry_JJ  tears_NNS  stood_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  when_CS his_APP$  master's_NN1$  will_NN  was_VBDZ  read_VBN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  beloved_JJ  and_CC  orphaned_JJ  Diana_NP  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  care_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  .  
  his_APP$  dislike_NN  and_CC  distrust_NN  were_VBDR  returned_VBN  in_IO  full_JJ  measure_NN  by_IO  that_DD1  lady_NN  and_CC  by_IO  Gregory_NP  West_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Diana's_PPIO2  man_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  as_RG  soon_RR  do_VD0  without_IO  an_AT1  arm_NN  as_CS  do_VD0  without_IO  her_APP$  oldest_JJT  friend_NN  ,_,  Fergus_NP  Burke_NP  .  
  a_AT1  moment_NN  after_CS  Fergus_NP  left_VVD  the_AT1  pantry_NN  Diana_NP  became_VVD  aware_JJ  of_IO  a_AT1  bar_NN  of_IO  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  dimness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  moving_VBG  along_RP  a_AT1  bit_NN  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  serving_NN  hatch_NN  was_VBDZ  slightly_RR  open_JJ  at_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  giving_VBG  a_AT1  narrow_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  .  
  without_IO  curiosity_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  familiar_JJ  scene_NN  ,_,  Diana_NP  watched_VVD  her_APP$  aunt_NN  presiding_VBG  behind_IO  the_AT1  tea-tray_NN  .  
  firelight_NN  gleamed_VVD  on_IO  silver_NN  and_CC  fine_JJ  china_NN  ,_,  and_CC  lamplight_NN  flattered_VVD  the_AT1  smooth_JJ  skin_NN  and_CC  fading_JJ  fair_JJ  hair_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  .  
    Diana_NP  's_VBZ  late_JJ  again_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  passing_VBG  a_AT1  plate_NN  of_IO  hot_JJ  buttered_JJ  scones_NNS  to_IO  Gregory_NP  .  
    really_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  see_VV0  much_DA  of_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  days_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  probably_RR  taking_VBG  soup_NN  or_CC  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_IO  her_APP$  ghastly_JJ  villagers_NNS  .  
  beats_VBZ  me_PPIO1  how_CS she_PPHO1  can_VM  bear_VV0  to_TO  enter_VV0  their_APP$  hovels_NNS  !_!    
    do_VD0  try_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  any_RR  more_RG  ignorant_JJ  than_CS  you_PPY  already_RR  are_VBR  !_!    Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  snapped_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  taken_VBN  all_DB  your_APP$  ideas_NNS  about_IO  what_DDQ  you_PPY  call_VV0    the_AT1  landed_JJ  gentry_NN    from_IO  Victorian_JJ  novels_NNS  .  
  Diana_NP  has_VHZ  lots_NNS  of_IO  responsibilities_NNS  here_RL  and_CC  you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  help_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  with_IO  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  instead_RR  of_IO  sitting_VBG  around_RP  here_RL  like_IO  an_AT1  ornament_NN  .  
  and_CC  you_PPY  need_VM  n't_XX  glare_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  that_DD1  !_!  
  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  too_RG  well_RR  for_IO  either_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   to_TO  put_VV0  on_RP  an_AT1  act_NN  when_CS we_PPIS2  're_VBR  alone_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  had_VHN  a_AT1  soft_JJ  spot_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  father_NN  long_RR  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  you_PPY  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  devil_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  !_!    
  Diana_NP  drew_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  hatch_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  mind_NN  a_AT1  riot_NN  of_IO  emotions_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  deliberately_RR  eavesdropping_VBG  and_CC  that_CS  her_APP$  aunt_NN  and_CC  Gregory_NP  were_VBDR  n't_XX  strangers_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  led_VBN  everyone_PN1  to_TO  believe_VV0  .  
  Fergus_NP  gripped_VVD  her_APP$  arm_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  time_NN  for_IO  party_NN  manners_NNS  !_!    he_PPHO1  hissed_VVD  .  
    many_DA  a_AT1  choice_JB  bit_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  heard_VBN  here_RL  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  you_PPY  heard_VVD  it_PPH1  too_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  in_IO  a_AT1  girning_JJ  mood_NN  today_NN1  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  you_PPY  down_RP  earlier_RRR  ,_,  so_RR  keep_VV0  your_APP$  ears_NNS  skint_JJ  !_!    
  without_IO  a_AT1  scuffle_NN  Diana_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  determined_JJ  Fergus_NP  ,_,  and_CC  almost_RR  against_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  once_RR  more_RRR  into_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  .  
    and_CC  another_DD1  thing_NN  ,_,    Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  ,_,    we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  finish_VV0  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  talking_VBG  about_IO  when_CS tea_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  in_RP  .  
  Diana_NP  will_VM  soon_RR  be_VB0  twenty-one_MC  and_CC  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  no_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  done_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  share_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  bargain_NN  just_RR  because_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  hold_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  Gregory_NP  laughed_VVD  softly_RR  and_CC  smoothed_VVD  his_APP$  brown_JJ  wavy_JJ  hair_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  any_DD  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  keep_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  every_AT1  woman_NN  needs_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  shown_VBN  who_PNQS  's_VBZ  master_NN  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  they_PPHS2  love_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  Diana_NP  's_VBZ  no_RR  different_JJ  .    
    oh_UH  yes_UH  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  class_VV0  girls_NNS  like_IO  Diana_NP  with_IO  the_AT1    women_NNS    you_PPY  've_VH0  known_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fresh_JJ  home_NN1  from_IO  finishing_NN  school_NN    and_CC  heaven_NN  knows_VBZ  it_PPH1  might_VM  as_RG  well_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  an_AT1  enclosed_JJ  convent_NN  for_IO  all_DB  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  of_IO  life_NN    you_PPY  swept_VVD  her_PPHO1  off_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  all_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  love_VV0  you_PPY  for_RR  ever_RR  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  happens_VBZ  .  
  you_PPY  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  frightened_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_IO  death_NN  ,_,  because_CS  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  six_MC  months_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  warning_VBG  you_PPY  ,_,  Gregory_NP  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  Cavendish_NP  digs_VBZ  her_APP$  toes_NNS  in_RP  neither_LE  you_PPY  nor_CC  any_DD  man_NN  living_VBG  will_VM  move_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  just_RR  getting_VBG  anxious_JJ  about_IO  your_APP$  twenty_MC  thousand_MC  quid_NNS  ,_,    Gregory_NP  muttered_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  assurance_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    oh_UH  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  just_RR  to_TO  please_VV0  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  start_VV0  being_VBG  the_AT1  niminy-piminy_JB  lover_NN  she_PPHO1  seems_VBZ  to_TO  expect_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  honestly_RR  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  such_DA  an_AT1  innocent_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  always_RR  looks_VBZ  so_RG    so_RG  untouched_JJ  that_CS  any_DD  man_NN  would_VM  lose_VV0  patience_NN  and_CC  want_VV0  to_TO  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  down_RP  to_IO  earth_NN  .    
    not_XX  any_DD  man_NN  ,_,    Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  said_VVD  coldly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  anger_NN  glinted_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  pale_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    your_APP$  father_NN  may_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  rogue_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  a_AT1  gentleman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  you_PPY  will_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  kept_VBN  his_APP$  sights_NNS  fixed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Cavendish_NP  wealth_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  Diana_NP  eating_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  begged_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  management_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  money_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  twenty-one_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  begin_VV0  to_TO  regret_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  groomed_VVD  you_PPY  for_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  for_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  have_VH0  turned_VBN  out_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  so_RG  manifestly_RR  unsuited_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  hand_VV0  over_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_DD1  twenty_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  or_CC  two_MC  after_IO  Diana's_PPIO2  birthday_NN  be_VB0  very_RG  sure_JJ  that_CS  all_DB  the_AT1  regrets_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  yours_PP$  .    
  a_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  nausea_NN  hit_VVD  Diana_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_RP  to_TO  rest_VV0  her_APP$  clammy_JJ  forehead_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Fergus_NP  muttered_VVD  black_JJ  oaths_NNS  and_CC  heaped_VVD  imprecations_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  conspirators_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  hand_NN  resting_VBG  gently_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  bowed_JJ  head_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  bell_NN  tinkled_VVD  above_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  smoothed_VVD  his_APP$  jacket_NN  before_IO  going_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  say_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  home_NN1  yet_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  need_VV0  time_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  lassie_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  left_VBN  alone_JJ  ,_,  Diana_NP  straightened_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  dully_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  hatch_NN  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  ever_RR  remembered_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  never_RR  used_VBN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  like_IO  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  panelling_NN  ,_,  as_CS  did_VDD  the_AT1  one_MC1  on_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  wall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  pantry_NN  which_DDQ  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  and_CC  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  used_VBN  every_AT1  day_NN  .  
  neither_LE  Miss_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  nor_CC  Gregory_NP  were_VBDR  welcome_JJ  in_IO  Fergus's_PPIO2  domain_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unlikely_JJ  that_CS  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  been_VBN  inside_IO  his_APP$  pantry_NN  .  
  knowing_VBG  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  talk_VV0  to_IO  anyone_PN1  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  to_IO  Fergus_NP  ,_,  Diana_NP  ran_VVD  quietly_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  garden-room_NN  and_CC  taking_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  coat_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  find_VV0  she_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  house_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  door_NN  .  
  clouds_NNS  obscured_VVD  what_DDQ  little_DA  light_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Diana_NP  knew_VVD  every_AT1  path_NN  in_IO  this_DD1  part_NN  of_IO  Kerry_NP  and_CC  almost_RR  blindly_RR  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hill_NN  above_IO  Whitewater_NP  Bay_NNL1  .  
  the_AT1  bay_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  anchorage_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  rocky_JJ  part_NN  of_IO  coast_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  privacy_NN  was_VBDZ  jealously_RR  guarded_VBN  by_IO  Captain_NNSB1  James_NP  Wallace_NP  who_PNQS owned_VVD  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  estate_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  area_NN  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  villager_NN  from_IO  Morne_NP  ever_RR  went_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  beach_NN  .  
  Diana_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0    and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  care_VV0    if_CS  Captain_NNSB1  Wallace_NP  had_VHD  ever_RR  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  hillside_NN  or_CC  not_XX  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  never_RR  did_VDD  any_DD  harm_NN  just_RR  by_IO  sitting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  sheltered_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  grey_JJ  rock_NN  below_IO  the_AT1  skyline_NN  .  
  the_AT1  slope_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  steep_JJ  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  very_RG  far_RR  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  where_CS the_AT1  waves_NNS  swished_VVD  gently_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  shingle_NN  .  
  how_CS long_RR  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  there_RL  she_PPHO1  never_RR  knew_VVD  ,_,  thoughts_NNS  chasing_VBG  endlessly_RR  through_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    sold_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  once_RR  .  
    sold_VBN  like_IO  a_AT1  sheep_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  Kerry_NP  fair_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  my_APP$  fault_NN    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  never_RR  come_VBN  up_RP  against_IO  people_NNS  like_IO  my_APP$  aunt_NN  and_CC  Gregory_NP    oh_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  own_DA  fault_NN  ,_,  dreaming_VBG  of_IO  a_AT1  knight_NN  in_IO  shining_JJ  armour_NN  and_CC  thinking_VBG  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  found_VBN  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Gregory_NP    how_CS funny_JJ  that_DD1  is_VBZ    Gregory_NP  !_!  a_AT1  new-style_JB  Sir_NNSB1  Lancelot_NP  !_!    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  really_RR  terribly_RR  funny_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1      
  and_CC  suddenly_RR  the_AT1  laughter_NN  which_DDQ  shook_VVD  her_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  tears_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  rested_VVD  her_APP$  cheek_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  grey_JJ  rock_NN  and_CC  cried_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  done_VBN  since_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  ten_MC  years_NNS  before_II  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  father_NN  which_DDQ  calmed_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  motionless_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  his_APP$  unfailing_JJ  light-heartedness_NN  even_RR  when_CS the_AT1  pain_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  war_NN  wound_NN  racked_VVD  him_PPHO1  ;_;  his_APP$  deep_JJ  love_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  sorrow_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  known_VBN  the_AT1  mother_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  died_VBN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  infant_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  affection_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  beautiful_JJ  home_NN1  in_IO  Kerry_NP  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  of_IO  Morne_NP  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  viewed_VVD  with_IO  tolerant_JJ  and_CC  amused_JJ  English_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  English_JJ  really_RR  ,_,  Diana_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  in_IO  England_NP  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  now_RL  and_CC  not_XX  skulking_VBG  over_RP  here_RL  in_IO  a_AT1  neutral_JJ  country_NN  when_CS my_APP$  own_DA  people_NNS  are_VBR  at_IO  war_NN  with_IO  Germany_NP  .  
  or_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  go_VV0  over_IO  the_AT1  border_NN  to_IO  Ulster_NP  and_CC  try_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  useful_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  change_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  running_VBG  an_AT1  estate_NN  on_IO  more_DA  money_NN  than_CS  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  ever_RR  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  .  
  money_NN  .  
  her_APP$  expression_NN  hardened_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  who_PNQS were_VBDR  haggling_VBG  so_RG  shabbily_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Rosebrae_NP  drawing-room_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  disappointed_JJ  this_DD1  time_NN  .  
  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  control_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  inheritance_NN  by_IO  Gregory_NP  ,_,  and_CC  no_AT1  twenty_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  for_IO  Aunt_NNSB1  Charlotte_NP  who_PNQS no_AT1  doubt_NN  felt_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  earned_VBN  it_PPH1  by_IO  introducing_VBG  the_AT1  son_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  love_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  niece_NN  .  
  Diana_NP  tensed_VVD  suddenly_RR  as_CS  a_AT1  low_JJ  murmur_NN  of_IO  voices_NNS  reached_VVD  her_PPHO1  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  crunch_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  boots_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  stones_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  pathway_NN  just_RR  above_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  very_RG  still_JJ  as_CS  two_MC  men_NNS  passed_VVD  by_RP  ,_,  aware_JJ  that_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Diana_NP  of_IO  Rosebrae_NP    few_DA  people_NNS  had_VHD  ever_RR  called_VBN  her_PPHO1  \0Mrs_NNSB1  West_NP    would_VM  look_VV0  rather_RR  silly_JJ  if_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  found_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  Captain's_NNSB2  land_NN  with_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  red_JJ  and_CC  her_APP$  face_NN  all_RR  streaked_VBN  with_IO  tears_NNS  .  
  Gregory_NP  had_VHD  n't_XX  gone_VBN  down_RP  well_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  locals_NNS  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  proclaim_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  misery_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  them_PPHO1  even_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  proved_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  better_JJ  judges_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  than_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  cautiously_RR  round_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  beside_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  saw_VVD  that_CS  against_IO  the_AT1  lightening_JJ  sky_NN  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  stood_VVD  out_RP  fairly_RR  clearly_RR  and_CC  that_CS  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  carried_VVD  rifles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  crooks_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  arms_NNS  as_CS  they_PPHS2  patrolled_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  headland_NN  .  
  Diana_NP  frowned_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  voices_NNS  had_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  clipped_JJ  intonation_NN  unlike_IO  the_AT1  soft_JJ  speech_NN  of_IO  Kerry_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  Captain_NNSB1  Wallace_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  law_NN  unto_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  to_TO  say_VV0  him_PPHO1  nay_UH  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wished_VVD  to_TO  employ_VV0  non-local_JJ  gamekeepers_NNS  and_CC  to_TO  have_VH0  them_PPHO1  patrol_VV0  his_APP$  bounds_NNS  after_IO  dark_NN  .  
  but_CCB  such_DA  doings_NNS  were_VBDR  alien_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  simple_JJ  place_NN  like_IO  Morne_NP  ,_,  and_CC  without_IO  knowing_VBG  why_CS ,_,  Diana_NP  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  that_CS  her_APP$  coat_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  and_CC  worn_VBN  at_IO  school_NN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  soft_JJ  grey_JJ  wool_NN  which_DDQ  blended_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  against_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leaning_VBG  .  he_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  wiping_VBG  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  hated_VVD  having_VHG  to_TO  hurt_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  ever_RR  since_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  announced_VBN  his_APP$  engagement_NN  to_IO  Hyacinth_NP  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  talk_VV0  seriously_RR  to_IO  his_APP$  ex-wife_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  suspected_VBN  her_PPHO1  of_IO  wanting_VBG  to_TO  renew_VV0  their_APP$  relationship_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  accepted_VVD  Charles_NP  Rawlings_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  afterwards_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  believed_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  found_VBN  happiness_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  bluff_JJ  sailor_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  genuinely_RR  glad_JJ    until_IO  this_DD1  holiday_NN  in_IO  Singapore_NP  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  had_VHD  occurred_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  got_VBN  over_IO  their_APP$  disastrous_JJ  marriage_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM    try_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  Charles_NP  a_AT1  good_JJ  wife_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  when_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  controlled_VBN  herself_PPX1  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_TO  face_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    he_PPHO1  is_VBZ    devoted_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  will_VM  make_VV0  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  husband_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  already_RR  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC    and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  prepared_VBN  to_TO  forget_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  for_IO  two_MC  people_NNS  situated_VBN  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  platonic_JJ  friendship_NN  .    
    and_CC  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  's_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  Biddy_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  man_NN  and_CC  woman_NN  who_PNQS have_VH0  lived_VBN  together_RR  can_VM  ever_RR  be_VB0  friends_NNS  ;_;  sex_NN  is_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  enter_VV0  into_IO  their_APP$  relationship_NN  .  .  
  perhaps_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  right_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  a_AT1  determined_JJ  effort_NN  to_TO  speak_VV0  naturally_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  bad_JJ  mistake_NN  to_TO  try_VV0  and_CC  pick_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  threads_NNS  again_RR  .  
  you_PPY  always_RR  were_VBDR  a_AT1  devil_NN  ,_,  Nick_NP  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  you_PPY  marry_VV0  ,_,  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  Hyacinth_NP  or_CC    someone_PN1  else_RR  .    
    if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  Hyacinth_NP  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  no_PN1  one_PN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  assured_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    but_CCB  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  find_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  if_CS  only_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  clue_NN  where_CS to_TO  look_VV0  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    has_VHZ  it_PPH1  occurred_VBN  to_IO  you_PPY  that_CS  when_CS you_PPY  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  about_IO    us_PPIO2   it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  such_DA  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  run_VBN  away_RP  .    
    if_CS  that_DD1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  case_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  left_VBN  a_AT1  letter_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  message_NN  ,_,  surely_RR  .    he_PPHO1  protested_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  wanted_VBN  to_TO  punish_VV0  you_PPY  ;_;  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  half_RR  frantic_JJ  on_IO  her_APP$  account_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  so_PN1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  succeeded_VBN  admirably_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sure_JJ  Hyacinth_NP  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  so_RG  childish_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  leave_VV0  a_AT1  letter_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  been_VBN  delivered_VBN  yet_RR  ,_,    said_VVD  Bridget_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  about_IO  Tu_NP  Kota_NP    perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  Charles_NP  comes_VBZ  back_RP  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  send_VV0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  Vice-Admiral_NNSB1  returned_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  very_RG  grave_JJ  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Chalmers_NP  did_VDD  leave_VV0  the_AT1  hotel_NN  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  seen_VBN  going_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  servants'_NN2  staircase_NN  .  
  those_DD2  on_IO  duty_NN  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  Eurasian_JJ  sewing_JJ  maid_NN  ;_;  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  very_RG  quickly_RR  and_CC  spoke_VVD  to_IO  no_PN1  one_PN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  boys_NNS  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  just_RR  going_VBG  off_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  walking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  Empress_NNSB1  Place_NNL1  ,_,  where_CS she_PPHO1  got_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  ricksha_NN  .    
    did_VDD  he_PPHO1  notice_VV0  the_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  .    asked_VVD  Nick_NP  eagerly_RR  .  
    he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  not_XX  .    
    then_RL    he_PPHO1  probably_RR  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  coolie_NN  who_PNQS drew_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  these_DD2  boys_NNS  know_VV0  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  coolies_NNS  by_IO  sight_NN  .  
  once_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  find_VV0  the_AT1  fellow_NN  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  also_RR  find_VV0  where_CS Hyacinth_NP  went_VVD  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  lost_VBN  .    
    the_AT1  boy_NN  says_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  coolie_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stranger_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  seen_VBN  him_PPHO1  before_II  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  lie_VV0  .    
    damn_UH  !_!    
  Nick_NP  pounded_VVD  his_APP$  clenched_JJ  fist_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  .  
    if_CS  only_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  kept_VBN  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  open_JJ  !_!  
  in_IO  which_WDTI  direction_NN  did_VDD  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  go_VV0  .    
    he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  wait_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  great_JJ  crowd_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  last_DA  night_NN  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  festival_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  easy_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  lose_VV0  sight_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  ricksha_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  afraid_JJ  ,_,  Nick_NP  ,_,  old_JJ  fellow_NN  ,_,  that_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  to_TO  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  has_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  very_RG  sinister_JJ  development_NN  .    
    you_PPY    mean_VV0  .  .    
    that_DD1  Malay_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  Tu_NP  Kota_NP  ,_,  is_VBZ  missing_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  sleep_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  last_DA  night_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  seen_VBN  since_CS  just_RR  before_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  no_PN1  one_PN  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  .    
  2_MC  .  
    there_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  !_!    exclaimed_VVD  Bridget_NP  .  
    Hyacinth_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  alone_JJ  ;_;  granted_VBN  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  run_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  Tu_NP  Kota_NP  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  assure_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  safe_JJ  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  Charles_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  trust_VV0  that_DD1  boy_NN  anywhere_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  perfectly_RR  reliable_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  at_IO  all_DB  surprised_JJ  if_CS  Hyacinth_NP  has_VHZ  returned_VBN  to_IO  Lipur_NP  .    
    but_CCB  she_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  that_DD1  .  
  how_CS could_VM  she_PPHO1  ,_,  when_CS your_APP$  brother_NN  is_VBZ  there_RL  alone_JJ  !_!    
    perhaps_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS ,_,    said_VVD  Bridget_NP  ,_,  then_RL  as_CS  both_DB2  men_NNS  looked_VVD  blank_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  how_CS stupid_JJ  you_PPY  two_MC  are_VBR  !_!  
  did_VDD  n't_XX  Edward_NP  propose_VV0  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  may_VM  have_VH0  decided_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  him_PPHO1  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  lose_VV0  no_AT1  time_NN  in_IO  marrying_VBG  her_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  will_VM  n't_XX  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  slip_VV0  through_IO  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  again_RR  .    
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  get_VV0  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  Lipur_NP  at_RR  once_RR  !_!    cried_VVD  Nick_NP  .  
  3_MC  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  easy_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  in_IO  touch_NN  with_IO  Lipur_NP  ;_;  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  heavy_JJ  storm_NN  twenty-four_MC  hours_NNS  previously_RR  ,_,  and_CC  telephonic_JJ  communications_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  district_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  cut_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  Pekama_NP  .  
  Nick_NP  managed_VVD  to_TO  get_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  nearest_JJT  estate_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  promised_VVD  to_TO  send_VV0  a_AT1  runner_NN  to_IO  Lipur_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  message_NN  for_IO  Edward_NP  Grampian_NP  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  received_VVD  his_APP$  reply_NN  ,_,  telephone_VV0  it_PPH1  at_RR  once_RR  to_IO  Singapore_NP  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  Charles_NP  Rawlings_NP  systematically_RR  called_VVD  on_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  people_NNS  Hyacinth_NP  had_VHD  known_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  questioned_VVD  the_AT1  officers_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  dined_VBN  with_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  Hyacinth_NP  ,_,  nor_CC  could_VM  give_VV0  any_DD  clue_NN  to_TO  account_VV0  for_IO  her_APP$  disappearance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  complete_JJ  mystery_NN  .  
  when_CS the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  had_VHD  dawned_VBN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  still_RR  not_XX  returned_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  both_DB2  the_AT1  men_NNS  realised_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  must_VM  approach_VV0  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  Nick_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  slept_VBN  all_DB  night_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  haggard_JJ  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  restless_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  sit_VV0  still_JJ  .  
  even_RR  Bridget_NP  was_VBDZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  suggesting_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  girl_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  caught_VBN  out_RP  in_IO  an_AT1  escapade_NN  ;_;  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  back_RP  long_RR  ago_RR  .  
    but_CCB  there_EX  's_VBZ  still_RR  a_AT1  chance_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  Lipur_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  insisted_VVD  .  
    and_CC  you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  worry_VV0  too_RG  much_RR  ,_,  Nick_NP  .  
  if_CS  Tu_NP  Kota_NP  is_VBZ  with_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  look_VV0  after_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    the_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  get_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  .    
    it_PPH1  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  Hyacinth_NP  ;_;  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  swear_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  really_RR  have_VH0  been_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  Eurasian_JJ  sewing_JJ  maids_NNS  .    
    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  light_JJ  coat_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  gauzy_JJ  scarf_NN  round_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  and_CC  those_DD2  are_VBR  two_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  articles_NNS  missing_JJ  from_IO  Hyacinth's_PPIO2  wardrobe_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  just_RR  a_AT1  coincidence_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Bridget_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  pin_VV0  too_RG  much_DA  faith_NN  on_IO  that_DD1  .  
  wait_VV0  until_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  heard_VBN  from_IO  Lipur_NP  .    
  but_CCB  Charles_NP  Rawlings_NP  agreed_VVD  with_IO  Nick_NP  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  wait_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  them_PPHO1  and_CC  could_VM  impress_VV0  upon_IO  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  as_RG  little_DA  publicity_NN  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  publicity_NN  would_VM  help_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  then_RL  they_PPHS2  must_VM  employ_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  girls_NNS  and_CC  Nick_NP  should_VM  have_VH0  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  Hyacinth_NP  missing_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  unthinkable_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  should_VM  leave_VV0  Singapore_NP  .  
  Nick_NP  had_VHD  done_VBN  everything_PN1  possible_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  her_APP$  whereabouts_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  stepped_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  earth_NN  had_VHD  opened_VBN  and_CC  swallowed_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  decided_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  make_VV0  some_DD  tactful_JJ  enquiries_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  quarter_NN  ;_;  not_XX  that_CS  he_PPHO1  expected_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  Hyacinth_NP  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  someone_PN1  might_VM  have_VH0  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  Nick_NP  himself_PPX1  had_VHD  many_DA  acquaintances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  quarter_NN  ,_,  friends_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  days_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  rely_VV0  on_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  do_VD0  everything_PN1  possible_JJ  to_TO  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  about_RP  to_TO  leave_VV0  the_AT1  hotel_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  quest_NN  when_CS one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  clerks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  reception_NN  desk_NN    a_AT1  young_JJ  educated_JJ  Malay_NN1    came_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Trelawney_NP  ,_,  sir_NN  .  about_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  lady_NN  .  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,    replied_VVD  Nick_NP  ,_,  suppressing_VBG  his_APP$  eagerness_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  made_VBN  a_AT1  discovery_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  no_AT1  account_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  it_PPH1    interesting_JJ  .  
  if_CS  we_PPIS2  could_VM  go_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  your_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  .    
  Nick_NP  wondered_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  touched_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  blackmailer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  sounded_VVD  genuine_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
    very_RG  well_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    come_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  now_RL  .    
  once_CS  in_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  he_PPHO1  closed_VVD  and_CC  locked_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  then_RL  faced_VVD  the_AT1  Malay_NN1  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  information_NN  which_DDQ  will_VM  lead_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  finding_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Chalmers_NP  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  well_RR  worth_IO  your_APP$  while_NN  .  .    
    as_CS  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  of_IO  no_AT1  value_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  briefly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  some_DD  scraps_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  which_DDQ  the_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS cleans_VBZ  her_APP$  room_NN  found_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  waste_JJ  paper_NN  basket_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  clue_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  an_AT1  envelope_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  emptied_VVD  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  twisted_JJ  scraps_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  desk_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  Nick_NP  saw_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  contained_VVD  words_NNS  printed_VBN  in_IO  block_NN  letters_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  some_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  part_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  envelope_NN  .  
    when_CS were_VBDR  these_DD2  found_VBN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    yesterday_NN1  morning_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  when_CS I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  boy_NN  emptying_VBG  the_AT1  waste_JJ  paper_NN  basket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  coin_NN  to_TO  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  have_VH0  the_AT1  contents_NNS  and_CC  not_XX  say_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  to_IO  anyone_PN1  .    
  Nick_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  sorting_VBG  the_AT1  scraps_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  put_VBN  them_PPHO1  together_RR  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    no_UH  sir_NN  .    
  but_CCB  Nick_NP  guessed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  Malay_NN1  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  put_VBN  them_PPHO1  together_RR  and_CC  then_RL  crumpled_VBN  them_PPHO1  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  thrust_VVD  his_APP$  hand_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  and_CC  handed_VVD  a_AT1  note_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  .  
    keep_VV0  your_APP$  mouth_NN  shut_VBN  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  understand_VV0  .    
  Nick_NP  gave_VVD  up_RP  all_DB  thought_NN  of_IO  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  quarter_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  glimpsed_VBN  one_MC1  significant_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  piece_VV0  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  scraps_NNS  together_RR  ,_,  no_AT1  matter_NN  how_CS long_RR  it_PPH1  took_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  over_RR  two_MC  hours_NNS  before_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  finished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  entire_JB  message_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  envelope_NN  .  *"_*'  
  if_CS  Missie_NNSB1  Chalmers_NP  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  know_VV0  about_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Trelawney's_PPIO2  business_NN  in_IO  Singapore_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  ricksha_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  waiting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  Empress_NNSB1  Place_NNL1  tonight_NN1  at_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  lady_NN  known_VBN  as_IO  Chinese_JJ  Lily_NP  .  
  come_VV0  veiled_JJ  and_CC  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  concerns_VBZ  Missie's_NNSB2  happiness_NN  .  **"_**'  
  so_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  !_!  
  someone_PN1  was_VBDZ  anxious_JJ  to_TO  break_VV0  his_APP$  engagement_NN  to_IO  Hyacinth_NP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  sent_VBN  her_PPHO1  this_DD1  damnable_JJ  note_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  have_VH0  brought_VBN  straight_RR  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  done_VBN  so_PN1  and_CC  had_VHD  undoubtedly_RR  gone_VBN  off_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  ricksha_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  sent_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ;_;  the_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  seen_VBN  her_PPHO1  get_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  had_VHD  told_VBN  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
  but_CCB  where_CS had_VHD  she_PPHO1  been_VBN  taken_VBN  .  
  and_CC  why_CS had_VHD  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  returned_VBN  .  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  .  
  Chinese_JJ  Lily_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  always_RR  regarded_VBN  her_PPHO1  as_IO  his_APP$  very_RG  good_JJ  friend_NN  ,_,  though_CS  one_MC1  could_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  quite_RR  sure_JJ  when_CS dealing_VBG  with_IO  an_AT1  oriental_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  that_CS  the_AT1  announcement_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  engagement_NN  had_VHD  roused_VBN  some_DD  dormant_JJ  demon_NN  in_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  Hyacinth_NP  kidnapped_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  congratulated_VBN  him_PPHO1  and_CC  told_VBN  him_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  happy_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  spoken_VBN  of_IO  his_APP$  fiance*?2e_NN  the_AT1  other_DA  night_NN  .  
  who_PNQS  else_RR  could_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  attempt_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  Hyacinth_NP  .  
  attempt_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  angrily_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  attempt_NN  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  accomplished_JJ  fact_NN  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  person_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  wanted_VBN  to_TO  put_VV0  her_PPHO1  against_IO  him_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  back_RP  by_IO  now_RL  ;_;  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  missing_JJ  assumed_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  sinister_JJ  aspect_NN  .  
  Chinese_JJ  Lily_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  capable_JJ  of_IO  having_VHG  a_AT1  European_JJ  girl_NN  kidnapped_VBN  if_CS  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  utterly_RR  fearless_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  been_VBN  too_RG  long_RR  associated_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  underworld_NN  not_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  exactly_RR  how_CS to_TO  set_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  certain_JJ  girls_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  employ_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  war_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  chatted_VBN  too_RG  much_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Japanese_NP2  had_VHD  simply_RR  disappeared_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  one_MC1  girl_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  good_JJ  as_IO  another_DD1  to_IO  the_AT1  occupying_JJ  troops_NNS    and_CC  if_CS  any_DD  special_JJ  man_NN  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  in_IO  question_NN  ,_,  Chinese_JJ  Lily_NP  always_RR  saw_VVD  that_CS  there_EX  were_VBDR  others_DA2  ,_,  even_RR  more_RG  attractive_JJ    no_AT1  awkward_JJ  questions_NNS  were_VBDR  asked_VBN  .  this_DD1  might_VM  account_VV0  for_IO  much_DA  that_PNQS puzzled_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    Mollie_NP  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  sense_NN  in_IO  stalling_VBG  when_CS we_PPIS2  both_DB2  know_VV0  our_APP$  own_DA  minds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  had_VHN  girls_NNS  before_II  but_CCB  never_RR  the_AT1  real_JJ  thing_NN  until_IO  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  darling_NN  .  
  thank_VV0  God_NP  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  you_PPY  in_IO  time_NN  .  .    
  again_RR  the_AT1  premonition_NN  shook_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  what_DDQ  did_VDD  he_PPHO1  mean_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  too_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  shyly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  so_RG  simple_JJ  really_RR  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
  either_LE  you_PPY  were_VBDR  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  lucky_JJ  ones_CD1S  and_CC  met_VVD  your_APP$  fate_NN  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX    and_CC  did_VDD  n't_XX  .  
  the_AT1  world_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  different_JJ  place_NN  because_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Nigel_NP  had_VHD  met_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  drew_VVD  a_AT1  steadying_JJ  breath_NN  ,_,  realising_VBG  how_CS near_II  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  missing_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  America_NP  they_PPHS2  might_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  met_VBN  .  
  somewhere_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  roamed_VBN  about_RP  seeking_VBG  her_PPHO1    while_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  stayed_VBN  home_NN1  ,_,  doing_VBG  the_AT1  job_NN  nearest_JJT  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  empty_JJ  and_CC  unhappy_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  thought_NN  brought_VVD  the_AT1  misty_JJ  feeling_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  lucky_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  feel_VV0  as_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  ,_,  so_CS  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  better_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  when_CS I_PPIS1  can_VM  do_VD0  more_DA  than_CS  talk_VV0  .    
  Mollie_NP  followed_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  bemused_VBN  with_IO  happiness_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  cloud_NN  ,_,  floating_VBG  effortlessly_RR  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  in_RP  without_IO  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  drove_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  careless_JJ  of_IO  direction_NN  ,_,  intent_JJ  only_RR  on_IO  getting_VBG  her_APP$  alone_JJ  .  
    now_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  slammed_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  brake_NN  ,_,  drew_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  lay-by_NN  .  
    darling_JJ  girl_NN  .  .    
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  a_AT1  leafy_JJ  lane_NN  ,_,  hedges_VBZ  high_JJ  about_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  evening_NN  closing_VBG  in_RP  slowly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  rained_VBN  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  her_APP$  face_NN  showing_VBG  her_APP$  love_NN  and_CC  understanding_NN  .  
    Nigel_NP    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  it_PPH1  here_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  touched_VVD  his_APP$  broad_JJ  chest_NN  ,_,  before_IO  drawing_VBG  her_PPHO1  into_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  trembled_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  touch_NN  ,_,  realising_VBG  his_APP$  complete_JJ  domination_NN  over_IO  her_APP$  will_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  read_VBN  of_IO  such_DA  things_NNS  happening_VBG  to_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  first_MD  experience_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  unafraid_JJ  .  
  his_APP$  cheek_NN  rested_VVD  against_IO  hers_PP$  ,_,  he_PPHO1  held_VVD  her_PPHO1  close_RR  ,_,  and_CC  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  was_VBDZ  content_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  thank_VV0  God_NP  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  you_PPY  in_IO  time_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  touched_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  gently_RR  with_IO  her_APP$  lips_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  wonderful_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD    with_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  be_VB0  married_VBN  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  Mollie_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  agree_VV0  .    
  could_VM  any_DD  promise_NN  made_VBN  before_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  really_RR  count_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  subdued_VVD  the_AT1  rising_JJ  uneasiness_NN  ,_,  wanting_VBG  to_TO  promise_VV0  Nigel_NP  anything_PN1  he_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  .  
  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    your_APP$  guardians_NNS  have_VH0  n't_XX  a_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  holding_VBG  you_PPY  to_IO  a_AT1  promise_NN  made_VBN  before_CS  we_PPIS2  met_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  talk_VV0  them_PPHO1  round_RP  .  
  they_PPHS2  can_VM  n't_XX  withhold_VV0  permission_NN  once_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  determined_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  softly_RR  against_IO  his_APP$  ear_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  remotely_RR  possible_JJ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  swept_VBN  off_IO  their_APP$  feet_NNS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  .  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  fight_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  words_NNS  were_VBDR  an_AT1  intimate_JJ  whisper_NN  ,_,  and_CC  seemed_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  them_PPHO1  forward_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  anything_PN1  yet_RR  .  
    yes_UH  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  will_VM  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  .    
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  us_PPIO2   to_TO  belong_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  possible_JJ  moment_NN  .    
    so_PN1  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  .    
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  at_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  no_AT1  other_DA  answer_NN  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  spineless_JJ    I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  no_AT1  idea_NN  it_PPH1  took_VVD  one_MC1  this_DD1  way_NN  .    
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  always_RR  so_PN1  .  
  perhaps_RR  other_DA  men_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  as_RG  fascinating_JJ  as_IO  Nigel_NP  ,_,  with_IO  his_APP$  Viking_JJ  appeal_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  studied_VVD  him_PPHO1  quietly_RR  ,_,  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  strength_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS backed_VVD  his_APP$  handsomeness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  kiss_VV0  her_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  deliberately_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  rouse_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  experiencing_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  thrill_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  being_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  responded_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quick_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  this_DD1  with_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  intimate_JJ  embrace_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  the_AT1  first_MD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  mused_VVD  against_IO  her_APP$  soft_JJ  lips_NNS  .  
    the_AT1  very_RG  first_MD  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0    and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  first_MD    with_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  woman_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  never_RR  been_VBN  kissed_VBN  before_II  .    
    not_XX  this_DD1  way_NN  .  
  just_RR  cousins_NNS  and_CC  things_NNS  .    
    things_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  pretended_VVD  a_AT1  brief_JJ  jealousy_NN  .  
    games_NNS    relatives_NNS    and_CC  things_NNS  .  .    
    not_XX  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  you_PPY  so_RR    and_CC  so_RR    and_CC  so_RR  .  .    
    no_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  breathed_VVD  lightly_RR  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  impossible_JJ  to_TO  draw_VV0  a_AT1  long_JJ  breath_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  please_UH  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .  .    
  his_APP$  increasing_JJ  passion_NN  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  more_DA  than_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  bear_VV0  just_RR  then_RL  ,_,  yet_CF  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  respond_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  obviously_RR  wanted_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  confines_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  car_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  cast_VV0  off_RP  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  apprehension_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  grew_VVD  tense_JJ  ,_,  wishing_VBG  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  more_DA  experience_NN  .  
  when_CS was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  time_NN  to_TO  call_VV0  a_AT1  halt_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  new_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  also_RR  ,_,  so_CS  she_PPHO1  must_VM  go_VV0  carefully_RR  .  
  her_APP$  last_DA  wish_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  hurt_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  or_CC  to_TO  harm_VV0  this_DD1  wonderful_JJ  feeling_NN  they_PPHS2  shared_VVD  .  
    you_PPY    you_PPY  are_VBR  going_VBG  too_RG  fast_RR  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  hold_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  .  .    
    you_PPY  'll_VM  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  adorable_JJ  baby_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  ready_JJ  with_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  answers_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  always_RR  hoped_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  like_IO  you_PPY  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  drive_VV0  a_AT1  chap_NN  too_RG  far_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  his_APP$  words_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  place_VV0  a_AT1  brake_NN  on_IO  himself_PPX1  in_IO  some_DD  way_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  considerably_RR  relieved_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  away_RP  ,_,  considering_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  teasing_VBG  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  shy_JJ  again_RR  ,_,  gauche_JJ  and_CC  young_JJ  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  honest_JJ  man_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  soon_RR  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   make_VV0  plans_NNS  .  
  definitely_RR  before_CS  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  to_IO  America_NP  !_!  
  we_PPIS2  both_DB2  want_VV0  that_DD1  .    
    I_PPIS1  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  travel_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  scarcely_RR  bear_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  you_PPY  behind_RP  even_RR  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  too_RG  impatient_JJ  .  
  let_VV0  's_PPIO2   just_RR  be_VB0  engaged_VBN  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  .    
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  pleasant_JJ  knowing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  and_CC  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  proper_JJ  start_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  life_NN  together_RR  .  
    no_UH  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  enough_DD  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  too_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  forgive_VV0  you_PPY  because_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  realise_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  means_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  be_VB0  married_VBN  ,_,  Mollie_NP  .    
    well_UH    will_VM  n't_XX  it_PPH1  be_VB0  worse_JJ  if_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  married_VBN    and_CC  then_RL  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  out_RP  to_IO  you_PPY  for_IO  months_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  all_DB  the_AT1  business_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  passport_NN  ,_,  and_CC  visa_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  like_IO  .    
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  fly_VV0  back_RP  every_AT1  weekend_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  shakenly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  in_IO  love_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  in_IO  love_NN  ;_;  be_VB0  gentle_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  sweet_JJ  Mollie_NP  .    
  the_AT1  appeal_NN  touched_VVD  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  her_PPHO1  back_RP  into_IO  his_APP$  embrace_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  then_RL  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  big_JJ  a_AT1  man_NN  to_TO  conceal_VV0  his_APP$  feelings_NNS  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  simplicity_NN  sprang_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  strength_NN  of_IO  character_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  not_XX  weakness_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  first_RR  thought_VBN  .  
    you_PPY  will_VM  come_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  family_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  weekend_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  all_DB  necessary_JJ  plans_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  'll_VM  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  to_TO  marry_VV0  you_PPY  .    
    they_PPHS2  may_VM  feel_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  unsuitable_JJ  .    
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  that_PNQS counts_VBZ  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  boy_NN  .    
    you_PPY  must_VM  meet_VV0  my_APP$  guardians_NNS  too_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    if_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  make_VV0  any_DD  difference_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  raise_VV0  heaven_NN  and_CC  earth_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  time_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  start_VV0  moving_VBG  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  treat_VV0  the_AT1  trip_NN  to_IO  America_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  honeymoon_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  thought_VBN  that_CS  in_IO  this_DD1  scientific_JJ  age_NN  you_PPY  'd_VM  be_VB0  flying_VBG  to_IO  America_NP  .    
    no_UH  .  
  my_APP$  chief_NN  is_VBZ  doing_VBG  so_PN1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  taking_VBG  out_RP  some_DD  special_JJ  gear_NN  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  'll_VM  need_VV0  over_RP  there_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  see_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  loading_NN  and_CC  unloading_NN  ,_,  for_CS  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  instruments_NNS  are_VBR  fantastically_RR  sensitive_JJ  .  
  whether_CS  we_PPIS2  reach_VV0  the_AT1  moon_NN  or_CC  not_XX  depends_VBZ  entirely_RR  on_IO  my_APP$  efforts_NNS    alone_JJ  and_CC  unaided_JJ  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  crestfallen_JJ  expression_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  to_TO  tease_VV0  you_PPY  darling_NN  .  
  actually_RR  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  manage_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  better_RRR  with_IO  you_PPY  along_RP  .    
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  right_JJ  thing_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  could_VM  it_PPH1  be_VB0  a_AT1  stumbling_NN  block_NN  in_IO  your_APP$  career_NN  later_RRR  on_RP  .    
    our_APP$  marriage_NN  .  
  no_UH  .  but_CCB  you_PPY  may_VM  rue_VV0  the_AT1  day_NN  you_PPY  ever_RR  met_VVD  me_PPIO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  both_DB2  hands_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  never_RR  do_VD0  that_DD1  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  always_RR  understand_VV0  .  
  men_NNS  have_VH0  jobs_NNS  that_PNQS take_VV0  them_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  sphere_NN  sometimes_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  jealous_JJ  of_IO  your_APP$  work_NN  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  .    
  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ,_,  bemused_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  happiness_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  that_CS  all_DB  things_NNS  were_VBDR  possible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  tremendous_JJ  difficulties_NNS  ahead_RR  began_VVD  to_TO  dissolve_VV0  beneath_IO  their_APP$  sanguine_JJ  hopes_NNS  .  
  night_NN  was_VBDZ  closing_VBG  in_RP  when_CS Nigel_NP  thrust_VVD  both_DB2  hands_NNS  through_IO  his_APP$  thick_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  erect_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  self-starter_NN  grimly_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  call_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  see_VV0  Terence_NP  tonight_NN1  and_CC  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  our_APP$  news_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  in_IO  London_NP  before_IO  breakfast_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  forget_VV0  your_APP$  promise_NN  to_TO  spend_VV0  next_DA  weekend_NN  with_IO  me_PPIO1  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  knowing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  leading_VBG  and_CC  she_PPHO1  must_VM  follow_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  depressed_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  the_AT1  promise_NN  made_VBN  to_IO  her_APP$  guardians_NNS  .  
  would_VM  they_PPHS2  understand_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  feeling_NN  for_IO  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  foreseen_VBN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  regretting_VBG  anything_PN1  .    Nigel_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  stone_NN  steps_NNS  leading_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  hall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  college_NN  .  
    wait_VV0    we_PPIS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  say_VV0  goodbye_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stormy_JJ  ,_,  protracted_JJ  farewell_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  bewildered_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  nothing_PN1  could_VM  possibly_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  important_JJ  as_IO  this_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  door_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  following_VBG  quickly_RR  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  you_PPY  in_RP  ,_,  darling_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  really_RR  is_VBZ  n't_XX  necessary_JJ  .  .    
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  comforting_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  herself_PPX1  protected_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  ahead_RR  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  before_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
  Terence_NP  stood_VVD  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  his_APP$  expression_NN  was_VBDZ  cold_JJ  ,_,  utterly_RR  unreadable_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  like_IO  Nigel_NP  then_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  navy_JJ  double-breasted_JJ  suit_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  formal_JJ  and_CC  stiff_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  stiffness_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  bearing_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  in_IO  surprise_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  angry_JJ    very_RG  angry_JJ  .  
  for_IO  an_AT1  instant_NN  she_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  Nigel_NP  was_VBDZ  momentarily_RR  startled_JJ  too_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  'd_VHD  both_DB2  forgotten_VBN  about_IO  Terence_NP  .  
    so_RR  there_RL  you_PPY  are_VBR  .    
  Terence_NP  spoke_VVD  first_RR  ,_,  through_IO  set_JJ  lips_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  might_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  you_PPY  'd_VM  be_VB0  together_RR  .  
  you_PPY  could_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  hint_NN  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .    
    none_PN1  of_IO  your_APP$  business_NN    was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  .    Nigel_NP  said_VVD  .  
  Mollie_NP  glanced_VVD  from_IO  one_MC1  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  in_IO  keen_JJ  dismay_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  Terence_NP  that_CS  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_APP$  appeal_NN  .  
  why_CS was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  so_RG  angry_JJ  .  
    please_UH  ,_,  Terence_NP  .  .    
  his_APP$  cold_JJ  smile_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  reach_VV0  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    all_RR  right_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  back_RP  at_IO  Nigel_NP  ,_,  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  mocking_JJ  smile_NN  as_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  appreciated_VVD  Terence's_PPIO2  temper_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  try_VV0  to_TO  break_VV0  .  
    now_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  here_RL  you_PPY  can_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lift_NN  back_RP  ,_,  Nigel_NP  .    
  Terence_NP  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  to_TO  recover_VV0  lost_JJ  ground_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  finding_VBG  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  .  
  Mollie_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  unprepared_JJ  for_IO  this_DD1  open_JJ  antagonism_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  know_VV0  how_CS to_TO  cope_VV0  .  
  dismay_NN  held_VVD  her_PPHO1  silent_JJ  and_CC  uncomfortable_JJ  .  
  had_VHD  they_PPHS2  quarrelled_VBN  earlier_RRR  in_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  Terence_NP  looked_VVD  white_JJ  and_CC  wondered_VVD  why_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  awaiting_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  be_VB0  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  hurry_NN  to_TO  push_VV0  me_PPIO1  off_RP  ,_,    Nigel_NP  drawled_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  amused_VBN  .  
    it_PPH1  may_VM  interest_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  know_VV0  that_CS  Mollie_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  are_VBR  engaged_VBN    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1  official_JJ  as_IO  from_II  next_DA  weekend_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  married_VBN  as_RG  soon_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  as_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  manage_VV0  it_PPH1    any_DD  objections_NNS  ,_,  old_JJ  man_NN  .    
  the_AT1  silence_NN  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  terrifying_JJ  to_IO  Mollie_NP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  Terence_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  known_VBN  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  long_RR  enough_RGA  to_TO  guess_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  source_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  certainly_RR  not_XX  been_VBN  guilty_JJ  of_IO  flirting_VBG  with_IO  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Terence_NP  made_VVD  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  answer_VV0  the_AT1  challenge_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  more_RG  slender_JJ  man_NN  than_IO  Nigel_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  still_RR  stood_VVD  about_RR  six_MC  feet_NNS  tall_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  mechanically_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  waited_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  lighted_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
    congratulations_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  puffing_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  cloud_NN  of_IO  smoke_NN  .  
  Nigel_NP  grinned_VVD  and_CC  waved_VVD  a_AT1  hand_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  airy_JJ  salute_NN  ,_,  evidently_RR  knowing_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  expect_VV0  more_DA  from_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  had_VHD  Terence_NP  expected_VBN  this_DD1  would_VM  happen_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  save_VV0  his_APP$  brother_NN  from_IO  committing_VBG  himself_PPX1  .  
  Nigel_NP  had_VHD  hinted_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  the_AT1  first_MD  girl_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  pang_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  thoroughly_RR  experienced_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  rouse_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
    are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  kiss_VV0  your_APP$  future_JB  sister-in-law_NN  .    Nigel_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  claim_VV0  that_DD1  privilege_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  day_NN  .    
  Terence_NP  turned_VVD  away_RP  .  
  Nigel_NP  stared_VVD  hard_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  too_RG  pleased_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  for_RR  once_RR  bereft_VBN  of_IO  words_NNS  .  Lois_NP  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  deftly_RR  removed_VVD  her_APP$  scarf_NN  and_CC  gloves_NNS  and_CC  followed_VVD  her_APP$  friend_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  Bertie_NP  and_CC  Robert_NP  were_VBDR  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  despite_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  fire_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  a_AT1  cold_JJ  ,_,  unused_JJ  appearance_NN  ,_,  natural_JJ  enough_RGA  considering_CS  that_CS  Bertie_NP  preferred_VVD  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  and_CC  Joan_NP  was_VBDZ  always_RR  too_RG  busy_JJ  to_TO  sit_VV0  down_RP  anywhere_RR  .  
  Lois's_PPIO2  arrival_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  warm_VV0  and_CC  enliven_VV0  the_AT1  atmosphere_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  Joan_NP  had_VHD  predicted_VBN  ,_,  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  gaps_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  self-conscious_JJ  and_CC  so_RG  obviously_RR  bubbling_VBG  over_RP  with_IO  youthful_JJ  high_JJ  spirits_NNS  that_CS  the_AT1  two_MC  men_NNS  could_VM  be_VB0  almost_RR  seen_VBN  to_TO  thaw_VV0  in_IO  her_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  before_CS  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  ,_,  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  slight_JJ  stiffness_NN  ,_,  due_JJ  chiefly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  practically_RR  strangers_NNS  with_IO  little_DA  in_IO  common_NN  .  
  Joan_NP  brought_VVD  in_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  tiny_JJ  ,_,  diamond-shaped_JJ  sandwiches_NNS  and_CC  cake_NN  .  
  waiting_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  hurt_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  attitude_NN  .  
  Bertie_NP  ,_,  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  expected_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  everything_PN1  done_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Robert's_PPIO2  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  to_IO  Lois_NP  .  
  every_AT1  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  would_VM  turn_VV0  to_IO  Joan_NP  ,_,  including_VBG  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  conversation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  feeling_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  child_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  rose_NN  Queen_NNSB1    even_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  her_PPHO1  !_!  
  whereas_CS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  treated_VVD  Lois_NP  in_IO  a_AT1  subtly_RR  different_JJ  manner_NN  .  
  more_RRR  like_IO  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,  thought_VVD  Joan_NP  ,_,  though_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  three_MC  years_NNS  younger_JJ  than_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  must_VM  always_RR  be_VB0  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  pretty_JJ  ones_CD1S  got_VVD  everything_PN1  !_!  
  and_CC  Lois_NP  was_VBDZ  essentially_RR  feminine_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  unfair_JJ  to_TO  dismiss_VV0  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  flirt_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  men_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  looks_NNS  and_CC  manner_NN  aroused_VVD  their_APP$  interest_NN  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,    thought_VVD  Joan_NP  ,_,    am_VBM  interested_JJ  only_RR  in_IO  Robert_NP  .  
  as_IO  for_II  my_APP$  looks_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  amount_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  pins_NNS  in_IO  contrast_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  Lois_NP  has_VHZ  to_TO  offer_VV0  .    
  after_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  round_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  when_CS Bertie_NP  had_VHD  visualised_VBN  Joan_NP  taking_VBG  Robert_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  property_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  forgotten_VBN  how_CS short_JJ  the_AT1  afternoons_NNS  were_VBDR  .  
  darkness_NN  was_VBDZ  already_RR  gathering_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS it_PPH1  became_VVD  necessary_JJ  for_IO  Joan_NP  to_TO  excuse_VV0  herself_PPX1  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  feed_VV0  the_AT1  hens_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  no_AT1  chance_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  with_IO  Lois_NP  .  
  Robert_NP  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  third_RR  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  liked_VVD  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  .  
  apparently_RR  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  Lois_NP  were_VBDR  getting_VBG  on_RP  splendidly_RR  together_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  hermit_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Hepworth_NP  .  
  Joan_NP  says_VBZ  you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  pictured_VVD  you_PPY  shut_VBN  up_RP  at_IO  Silverstone_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  windows_NNS  shuttered_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  tradesmen_NNS  leaving_VBG  just_RR  enough_DD  food_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  door_NN  .    
  Robert_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  amusement_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  disappointed_JJ  .    
    quite_DA  the_AT1  reverse_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  wish_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  married_VBN  .    
  Robert_NP  laughed_VVD  outright_RR  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  bit_NN  young_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  match-maker_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  favourite_JB  hobby_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  who_PNQS can_VM  n't_XX    well_UH  ,_,  match_VV0  themselves_PPX2  !_!    
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  bother_VV0  about_IO  most_DA  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  a_AT1  wife_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  such_DA  fun_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  largest_JJT  house_NN  for_IO  miles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  give_VV0  lovely_JJ  parties_NNS  and_CC  everything_PN1  would_VM  be_VB0  gay_JJ  .  
  Larchwood_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  flat_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  stepmother_NN  plays_VBZ  bridge_NN  and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  awful_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  should_VM  see_VV0  their_APP$  faces_NNS  ,_,  as_RG  solemn_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  at_IO  a_AT1  funeral_NN  and_CC  if_CS  you_PPY  dare_VV0  interrupt_VV0  they_PPHS2  chop_VV0  your_APP$  head_NN  off_RP  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  the_AT1  church_NN  bazaars_NNS  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  and_CC  outings_NNS  and_CC  amateur_NN  theatricals_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  women's_NN2  institute_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  can_VM  be_VB0  compared_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  parties_NNS  your_APP$  wife_NN  would_VM  give_VV0  .    
  Bertie_NP  was_VBDZ  frowning_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  afraid_JJ  that_CS  Robert_NP  would_VM  imagine_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  him_PPHO1  too_RG  broad_JJ  a_AT1  hint_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  much_DA  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  carrying_VBG  on_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  reflected_VVD  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  sweet_JJ  and_CC  innocent_JJ  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  realise_VV0  she_PPHO1  might_VM  be_VB0  giving_VBG  a_AT1  false_JJ  impression_NN  .  
    Lois_NP  works_VBZ  at_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harris's_PPIO2  dress_NN  shop_NN  in_IO  Waverley_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  Robert_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  thinking_VBG  how_CS good_JJ  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  trade_NN  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  touch_NN  more_DA  social_JJ  life_NN  here_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  gifted_JJ  at_IO  her_APP$  job_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  pride_NN  ,_,  glad_JJ  to_TO  show_VV0  her_PPHO1  in_IO  a_AT1  different_JJ  light_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  produced_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  scatter-brained_JJ  chatter_NN  .  
  Lois_NP  threw_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  pretty_JJ  little_JJ  soft_JJ  hands_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  gesture_NN  of_IO  protest_NN  .  
    you_PPY  ought_VM  to_TO  hear_VV0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harris's_PPIO2  opinion_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  !_!  
  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  forget_VV0  !_!  
  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  do_VD0  !_!  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  fired_VBN  me_PPIO1  long_RR  ago_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  for_IO  my_APP$  figure_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  model_VV0  clothes_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  admit_VV0  they_PPHS2  look_VV0  better_JJ  on_IO  me_PPIO1  than_CS  on_IO  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  girls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  makes_VBZ  the_AT1  customers_NNS  more_RRR  inclined_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  an_AT1  order_NN  .    
  feeling_VBG  a_AT1  trifle_NN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  depth_NN  ,_,  Robert_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  like_VV0  your_APP$  job_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Wade_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  would_VM  if_CS  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  were_VBDR  real_JJ  .    
  Robert_NP  floundered_VVD  deeper_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  expression_NN  of_IO  bewilderment_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  :_:  
    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Harris_NP  has_VHZ  to_TO  please_VV0  her_APP$  customers_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  mostly_RR  farmers'_NN2  wives_NNS  or_CC  just_RR  the_AT1  locals_NNS  .  
  not_XX  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  fly_VV0  higher_RRR  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  got_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  if_CS  I_PPIS1  never_RR  marry_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  job_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,  modelling_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  fed_JJ  up_JJ"  with_IO  ordinary_JJ  clothes_NNS  ,_,  garments_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  real_JJ  creation_NN  .    
  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  large_JJ  and_CC  dreamy_JJ  as_CS  if_CS  gazing_VBG  upon_IO  some_DD  celestial_JJ  vision_NN  .  
  how_CS odd_JJ  women_NNS  were_VBDR  ,_,  thought_VVD  Robert_NP  ,_,  amazed_VBN  at_IO  her_APP$  reverence_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  considered_VVD  so_RG  trivial_JJ  .  
  Bertie_NP  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  pounced_VVD  on_IO  one_MC1  sentence_NN  of_IO  hers_PP$  .  
    how_CS d'_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  never_RR  marry_VV0  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  you_PPY  'll_VM  marry_VV0  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  any_DD  never_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  at_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  Joan_NP  re-entered_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  Tom_NP  had_VHD  managed_VBN  to_TO  escape_VV0  having_VHG  to_TO  accompany_VV0  his_APP$  wife_NN  to_IO  evening_NN  service_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  what_DDQ  Joan_NP  considered_VVD  a_AT1  most_RG  touching_JJ  way_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  insisted_VBN  on_IO  finishing_VBG  all_DB  the_AT1  final_JJ  chores_NNS  .  
    you_PPY  run_VV0  along_RP  and_CC  enjoy_VV0  yourself_PPX1  with_IO  your_APP$  friends_NNS  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Sutton_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  often_RR  you_PPY  get_VV0  the_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  nice_JJ  red_JJ  dress_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  your_APP$  old_JJ  blue_JJ  trousers_NNS  .  
  apron_NN  over_IO  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  with_IO  chicken_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  sow_NN  there_EX  's_VBZ  bound_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  trouble_NN  .  
  rub_VV0  herself_PPX1  against_IO  you_PPY  as_RG  likely_RR  as_CS  not_XX  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  where_CS will_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  .    
    rolling_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  mud_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  ,_,  Tom_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  responded_VVD  ,_,  laughingly_RR  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  egg-zactly_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  .  
  you_PPY  go_VV0  indoors_RL  and_CC  keep_VV0  yourself_PPX1  nice_JJ  and_CC  clean_JJ  for_RR  once_RR  .    
  obeying_VBG  him_PPHO1  thankfully_RR  ,_,  Joan_NP  slung_VVD  her_APP$  apron_NN  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  peg_NN  ,_,  shed_VVD  her_APP$  rubber_NN  boots_NNS  in_IO  favour_NN  of_IO  high-heeled_JJ  black_JJ  shoes_NNS  and_CC  combed_VVD  her_APP$  hair_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  small_JJ  mirror_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  a_AT1  nice_JJ  red_JJ  dress_NN  ,_,  Tom_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  .  
  probably_RR  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  how_CS it_PPH1  looked_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  herself_PPX1  chosen_VBN  to_TO  wear_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  preference_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  blue_JJ  woollen_JJ  or_CC  the_AT1  tweeds_NNS  ,_,  believing_VBG  ,_,  hoping_VBG    even_CS  though_CS  rather_RR  shamefacedly_RR    that_CS  Robert_NP  would_VM  notice_VV0  her_PPHO1  and_CC  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pretty_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  blue_JJ  suited_VVD  her_PPHO1  better_RRR  ,_,  bringing_VBG  out_RP  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  she_PPHO1  must_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  to_TO  distinguish_VV0  herself_PPX1  if_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  Lois_NP  was_VBDZ  so_RG  fascinating_JJ  that_CS  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  wished_VVD  it_PPH1  or_CC  not_XX  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  always_RR  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  rival_NN  .  
  the_AT1  deep_RR  red_JJ  colour_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  dress_NN  would_VM  surely_RR  procure_VV0  its_APP$  wearer_NN  a_DA  little_DA  attention_NN  .  
  during_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  Joan_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  just_RR  as_RG  well_RR  have_VH0  worn_VBN  her_APP$  ancient_JJ  corduroy_NN  trousers_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  swathed_VBN  herself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  red_JJ  blanket_NN  !_!  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  man_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  who_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  second_MD  glance_NN  while_CS  Lois_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  a_AT1  sigh_NN  ,_,  then_RL  laughed_VVD  at_IO  herself_PPX1  for_IO  being_VBG  so_RG  silly_JJ  and_CC  self-pitying_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  own_DA  fault_NN  for_IO  inviting_VBG  Robert_NP  on_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  when_CS Lois_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  there_RL  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  instead_RR  of_IO  standing_VBG  about_RP  ,_,  feeling_VBG  sorry_JJ  for_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  doing_VBG  something_PN1  to_TO  help_VV0  poor_JJ  Bertie_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  must_VM  be_VB0  itching_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  man_NN  .  
  entering_VBG  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ,_,  Joan_NP  put_VVD  forward_RR  the_AT1  first_MD  excuse_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  think_VV0  of_IO  to_TO  ensure_VV0  that_CS  her_APP$  brother_NN  might_VM  have_VH0  his_APP$  coveted_JJ  few_DA  minutes_NNS  alone_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  he_PPHO1  loved_VVD  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Hepworth_NP    I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  Robert_NP    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  'd_VM  mind_VV0  coming_VBG  upstairs_RL  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  damp_JJ  patch_NN  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD    while_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  here_RL  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  rose_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  surprise_NN  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  altogether_RR  hide_VV0  .  
  although_CS  technically_RR  the_AT1  owner_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  father's_NN1$  old_JJ  bailiff_NN  performed_VVD  all_DB  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  necessary_JJ  from_IO  a_AT1  landlord_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  Joan_NP  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  floor_NN  ,_,  without_IO  comment_NN  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  racking_VBG  her_APP$  brains_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  means_NN  of_IO  delaying_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  wondering_VBG  where_CS to_TO  take_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  three_MC  bedrooms_NNS  ,_,  Bertie's_PPIO2  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  where_CS she_PPHO1  slept_VVD  and_CC  which_DDQ  had_VHD  formerly_RR  belonged_VBN  to_IO  Uncle_NNSB1  Greg_NP  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  spare_JJ  room_NN  ,_,  kept_VBN  sacred_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  infrequent_JJ  visitor_NN  .  
  avoiding_VBG  all_DB  these_DD2  ,_,  she_PPHO1  led_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_IO  the_AT1  remaining_JJ  few_DA  stairs_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  loft_NN  ,_,  flicking_VBG  on_RP  lights_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  you_PPY  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  hot-house_NN  plant_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  n't_XX  wither_VV0  .  
  where_CS 's_VBZ  the_AT1  damp_NN  you_PPY  mentioned_VVD  .    
  Joan_NP  glanced_VVD  wildly_RR  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  couch_NN  whose_PNQV$  upholstery_NN  needed_VBN  repairing_VBG  ,_,  two_MC  tin_NN  trunks_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  lithograph_NN  of_IO  Canterbury_NP  Cathedral_NNL1  in_IO  a_AT1  hideous_JJ  frame_NN  and_CC  some_DD  cardboard_NN  boxes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  white-washed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  ceiling_NN  innocent_JJ  of_IO  any_DD  stain_NN  .  
  blushing_VBG  scarlet_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  stammered_VVD  :_:  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  any_DD  d-damp_NN  .    
    then_RL  why_CS the_AT1  blazes_NNS  did_VDD  you_PPY  say_VV0  there_EX  was_VBDZ  .    
    I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  just_RR  wanted_VVD    people_NNS  sometimes_RR  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  together_RR    please_UH  try_VV0  to_TO  understand_VV0  .    
  raising_VBG  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  to_IO  his_PP$  ,_,  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  expression_NN  of_IO  contempt_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  understand_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  really_RR  want_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  have_VH0  it_PPH1  .    
  before_CS  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  meant_VVD  ,_,  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  her_PPHO1  by_IO  the_AT1  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  drawing_VBG  her_PPHO1  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  instant's_NN1$  glimpse_NN  of_IO  grey_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  hard_JJ  as_IO  steel_NN  ,_,  then_RL  his_APP$  lips_NNS  were_VBDR  on_IO  hers_PP$  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  fleeting_JJ  second_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  senses_NNS  reeled_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  sweet_JJ  thrill_NN  ran_VVD  through_IO  every_AT1  nerve_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  wrenched_VBN  herself_PPX1  free_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  burning_VBG  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  bright_JJ  with_IO  unshed_JJ  angry_JJ  tears_NNS  .  
    how_CS dare_VM  you_PPY  !_!    she_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  .  
    very_RG  easily_RR  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  never_RR  taken_VBN  your_APP$  eyes_NNS  off_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  whole_JJ  afternoon_NN  ,_,  yesterday_NN1  you_PPY  managed_VVD  to_TO  fling_VV0  yourself_PPX1  into_IO  my_APP$  arms_NNS    I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  accident_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  admit_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  face_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  so_RG  sure_JJ  .    
    you_PPY  conceited_JJ  idiot_NN  !_!    exclaimed_VVD  Joan_NP  ,_,  furiously_RR  .  
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  flatter_VV0  myself_PPX1  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  superior_JJ  charms_NNS  which_DDQ  turned_VVD  your_APP$  head_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  imagine_VV0  how_CS bored_JJ  you_PPY  must_VM  get_VV0  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  should_VM  n't_XX  play_VV0  with_IO  fire_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  might_VM  get_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  man_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS could_VM  have_VH0  behaved_VBN  so_RG  abominably_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  accident_NN  yesterday_NN1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  over_IO  my_APP$  shopping_NN  bag_NN  .    
    at_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  moment_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  happened_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  there_RL  to_TO  catch_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  next_RR  that_CS  staring_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  all_DB  afternoon_NN  was_VBDZ  merely_RR  the_AT1  natural_JJ  anxiety_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  hostess_NN  waiting_VBG  to_TO  pour_VV0  out_RP  the_AT1  second_MD  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .    
  Robert_NP  was_VBDZ  speaking_VBG  as_RG  unkindly_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  ,_,  driven_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  a_AT1  frightful_JJ  suspicion_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  made_VBN  an_AT1  unforgivable_JJ  mistake_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  so_RG  innocent_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,    show_VV0  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  damp_JJ  patch_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN    or_CC  would_VM  you_PPY  prefer_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  search_VV0  the_AT1  ceiling_NN  .    
  Joan_NP  positively_RR  stamped_VVD  her_APP$  foot_NN  with_IO  rage_NN  .  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  damp_JJ  patch_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  excuse_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .    
    ah_UH  ,_,  now_RL  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  getting_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  truth_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  interposed_VVD  ,_,  sarcastically_RR  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  listen_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  stop_NN  interrupting_VBG  !_!  
  the_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  you_PPY  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  is_VBZ  that_CS  my_APP$  brother_NN  's_VBZ  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Lois_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  gets_VBZ  a_AT1  chance_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  alone_JJ  with_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD    oh_UH  ,_,  never_RR  mind_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VM  never_RR  understand_VV0  .  
  think_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  like_VV0  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  why_CS should_VM  I_PPIS1  care_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  only_RR  a_AT1  stranger_NN  .  
  besides_II  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  done_VBN  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  alone_JJ  together_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  triumph_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  very_RG  little_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  her_APP$  true_JJ  feelings_NNS  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  dreadful_JJ  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  longed_VBN  to_TO  slap_VV0  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  hard_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  possibly_RR  could_VM  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  all_DB  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  drop_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  beastly_JJ  old_JJ  broken_JJ  couch_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  sob_VV0  her_APP$  heart_NN  out_RP  .  
  Robert_NP  spoke_VVD  apologetically_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  made_VBN  an_AT1  appalling_JJ  mistake_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  see_VV0  that_DD1  now_RL  .    
    sorry_JJ  !_!    she_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  ,_,  derisively_RR  .  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  on_IO  a_AT1  stretch_NN  of_IO  straight_JJ  road_NN  ,_,  climbing_VBG  up_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  heights_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  risked_VVD  taking_VBG  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  to_TO  look_VV0  fully_RR  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  read_VV0  anything_PN1  from_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  a_AT1  certain_JJ  gravity_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  in_IO  it_PPH1  but_IO  the_AT1  impersonal_JJ  scrutiny_NN  that_PNQS belonged_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  vocation_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  let_VVD  another_DD1  car_NN  overtake_VV0  him_PPHO1  before_CS  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  .  
    still_RR  speaking_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  professional_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  view_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  would_VM  strongly_RR  advise_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  pay_VV0  a_AT1  visit_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  doctor_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  near_JJ  future_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  answer_VV0  him_PPHO1  until_CS  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  cottages_NNS  that_PNQS nestled_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  hollow_NN  underneath_IO  the_AT1  final_JJ  ascent_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  heights_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  green_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  in_IO  the_AT1  row_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  act_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  out_RP  when_CS I_PPIS1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  ,_,  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  doctor_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  over_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  and_CC  lifted_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  bag_NN  .  
    but_CCB  not_XX  yours_PP$  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Landry_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  attend_VV0  only_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  lower_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  household_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  quite_RR  without_IO  rancour_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  positive_JJ  none_PN1  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  could_VM  be_VB0  mine_PP$  ,_,    I_PPIS1  insisted_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  inclined_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  could_VM  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  advise_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  see_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  man_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  who_PNQS knows_VBZ  and_CC  understands_VBZ  you_PPY  .    
  he_PPHO1  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  leaned_VVD  down_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  to_TO  ask_VV0  ,_,  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  coming_VBG  in_RP  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Landry_NP  .    
    no_UH  .    
  I_PPIS1  shook_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  .  
    no_UH    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rather_RR  not_XX  .    
    as_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  may_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  in_IO  here_RL  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  time_NN  to_TO  climb_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  heights_NNS  if_CS  you_PPY  feel_VV0  like_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  is_VBZ  well_RR  worth_IO  the_AT1  scramble_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  seen_VBN  it_PPH1  before_II  .    
  I_PPIS1  waited_VVD  until_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  disappeared_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  cottage_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  out_RP  and_CC  started_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  path_NN  that_PNQS wound_VVD  its_APP$  way_NN  up_RP  behind_IO  the_AT1  row_NN  of_IO  houses_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  there_RL  before_II  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  particularly_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  old_JJ  restlessness_NN  that_PNQS drove_VVD  me_PPIO1  on_RP  once_CS  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  myself_PPX1  alone_JJ  ,_,  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  calming_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  presence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  panting_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  and_CC  sank_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  outcrop_NN  of_IO  rock_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  my_APP$  cigarette_NN  case_NN  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  defiance_NN  and_CC  watched_VVD  the_AT1  blue_JJ  smoke_NN  drift_VV0  lazily_RR  away_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  still_JJ  air_NN  .  
  the_AT1  view_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  magnificent_JJ  one_MC1  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  haze_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  November_NN1  morning_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  caught_VVD  and_CC  sparkled_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  wound_VVD  its_APP$  leisurely_JJ  way_NN  far_RR  below_II  .  
  bare_JJ  of_IO  leaves_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  wooded_JJ  hillside_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  stark_JJ  beauty_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fields_NNS  still_RR  held_VVD  practically_RR  the_AT1  fresh_JJ  greenness_NN  of_IO  midsummer_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  lost_VBN  to_IO  time_NN  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  foot-steps_NNS  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  clambering_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  uneven_JJ  ground_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  quick_JJ  remorse_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  kept_VBN  you_PPY  waiting_VBG  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  hurriedly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  waved_VVD  me_PPIO1  back_RP  on_RP  to_IO  my_APP$  rock_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  no_AT1  hurry_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  guessed_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VM  be_VB0  up_RP  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  often_RR  come_VV0  up_RP  myself_PPX1  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  out_RP  this_DD1  way_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  sank_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  next_RR  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  exerted_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  rather_RR  stiff_JJ  climb_NN  .  
  his_APP$  breath_NN  came_VVD  evenly_RR  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  strangely_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  calmness_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  there_RL  quietly_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  waiting_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  ,_,  too_RR    serenely_RR  patient_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  spoke_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  invited_VBN  my_APP$  confidence_NN    rather_RR  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  gone_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  earlier_RRR  ,_,  to_TO  reject_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  might_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  listen_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  an_AT1  understanding_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  never_RR  expect_VV0  from_IO  Charles_NP  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  losing_VBG  my_APP$  reason_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  casual_JJ  glance_NN  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  think_VV0  that_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  calmly_RR  .  
    as_IO  a_AT1  rule_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  person_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  mentally_RR  unhinged_VBN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  very_RG  last_DA  to_TO  suspect_VV0  anything_PN1  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  .    
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  remember_VV0  who_PNQS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  wretchedly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  must_VM  be_VB0  Lisa_NP  Landry_NP  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  Charles_NP  is_VBZ  my_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  Joanna_NP  my_APP$  daughter_NN    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  anyone_PN1  with_IO  whom_WPO  I_PPIS1  come_VBN  in_IO  contact_NN    the_AT1  servants_NNS  ,_,  our_APP$  neighbours_NNS    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  you_PPY  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN      
    just_RR  a_AT1  minute_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Landry_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  in_RP  gently_RR  .  
    loss_NN  of_IO  memory_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  common_JJ  occurrence_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  many_DA  factors_NNS  that_PNQS can_VM  contribute_VV0  to_IO  its_APP$  cause_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  worry_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  losing_VBG  your_APP$  reason_NN  because_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  suffering_VBG  from_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  amnesia_NN      
    but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  that_DD1  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  memory_NN    but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  right_JJ  one_MC1  .    
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  by_IO  that_DD1  .    
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  then_RL  the_AT1  question_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  wanted_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  the_AT1  vicar_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  man_NN  of_IO  God_NP  .  
  the_AT1  question_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  too_RG  afraid_JJ  to_TO  ask_VV0  myself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  unsleeping_JJ  night_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  it_PPH1  unflinchingly_RR  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  stillness_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  descended_VBN  suddenly_RR  upon_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  believe_VV0  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  soul_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  dead_JJ  nearly_RR  sixteen_MC  years_NNS  could_VM  inhabit_VV0  and_CC  take_VV0  possession_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  complete_JJ  stranger_NN  .    
  7_MC  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  bird_NN  singing_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  tree_NN  near_II  at_IO  hand_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  see_VV0  it_PPH1  but_CCB  the_AT1  high_JJ  ,_,  sweet_JJ  notes_NNS  of_IO  its_APP$  song_NN  held_VVD  a_AT1  plaintive_JJ  ,_,  appealing_JJ  sadness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  faint_JJ  whirring_NN  of_IO  some_DD  distant_JJ  machinery_NN  reached_VVD  us_PPIO2   clearly_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  dull_JJ  monotonous_JJ  sound_NN  .  
  when_CS \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  moved_VVD  his_APP$  foot_NN  suddenly_RR  I_PPIS1  jumped_VVD  nervously_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sat_VBN  quietly_RR  ,_,  not_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  quite_RR  inscrutable_JJ  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  knowing_VBG  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  sounded_VVD  oddly_RR  helpless_JJ  in_IO  his_APP$  hesitation_NN  .  
    my_APP$  dear_JJ  girl_NN    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  profess_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  anything_PN1  about_IO  the_AT1  spiritual_JJ  body_NN    only_RR  the_AT1  physical_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  a_AT1  clergyman_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  better_RRR  equipped_VBN  than_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  to_TO  answer_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  question_NN  .  
  but_CCB  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  why_CS you_PPY  ask_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  breath_NN  and_CC  faced_VVD  him_PPHO1  fully_RR  .  
    because_CS  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  if_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  n't_XX    then_RL  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  mad_JJ  .    
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  little_JJ  mirthless_JJ  laugh_NN  .  
    take_VV0  your_APP$  choice_NN  ,_,  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  ,_,  which_WDTI  would_VM  you_PPY  rather_RR  be_VB0  if_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  me_PPIO1    possessed_JJ  or_CC  insane_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  either_LE  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  else_RR  I_PPIS1  can_VM  think_VV0    when_CS the_AT1  only_DA  life_NN  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  is_VBZ  that_DD1  of_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  been_VBN  dead_JJ  more_DA  than_IO  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  .    
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  the_AT1  cigarette_NN  he_PPHO1  offered_VVD  ,_,  drawing_VBG  at_IO  it_PPH1  raggedly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  quick_JJ  ,_,  nervous_JJ  glance_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  gazing_VBG  out_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  wooded_JJ  stretch_NN  beneath_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  but_CCB  would_VM  n't_XX  hurry_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  that_CS  his_APP$  calmness_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  mean_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  disinterested_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  started_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  about_IO  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  with_IO  abrupt_JJ  ,_,  sometimes_RR  not_XX  quite_RR  coherent_JJ  sentences_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  presently_RR  beneath_IO  the_AT1  soothing_JJ  influence_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  quiet_JJ  attention_NN  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  more_RG  fluently_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  about_IO  her_APP$  adoption_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  child_NN    no_AT1  more_DA  than_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ    so_CS  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  previous_JJ  life_NN  before_IO  that_DD1  with_IO  the_AT1  Mallorys_NP2  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  vague_JJ  recollection_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  mother_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  died_VBN  not_XX  much_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  later_RRR  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  with_IO  Adrian_NP  Mallory_NP  was_VBDZ  clear_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  her_APP$  childhood_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  High_NP  Towers_NPLS    a_AT1  lonely_JJ  childhood_NN  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  a_AT1  happy_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  with_IO  dear_JJ  old_JJ  Henrietta_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  kindly_JJ  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Bakewell_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  small_JJ  ,_,  uninteresting_JJ  incidents_NNS  that_PNQS only_RR  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP  could_VM  have_VH0  known_VBN  ;_;  those_DD2  trivial_JJ  ,_,  everyday_JB  occurrences_NNS  that_PNQS mean_VV0  nothing_PN1  to_IO  anyone_PN1  other_DA  than_IO  the_AT1  person_NN  they_PPHS2  happened_VVD  to_IO  .  
  I_PPIS1  evoked_VVD  memories_NNS  of_IO  old_JJ  Henrietta_NP  who_PNQS probably_RR  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  as_RG  old_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  young_JJ  Dorcas_NP    of_IO  her_APP$  warm_JJ  motherliness_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  fragrance_NN  of_IO  lavender_NN  ;_;  of_IO  Adrian_NP  Mallory_NP  ,_,  his_APP$  shyness_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  gentle_JJ  kindness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  about_IO  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  never_RR  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR    that_CS  perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  known_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  done_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  talked_VVD  of_IO  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  sadness_NN  that_PNQS went_VVD  deep_RR  inside_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  recalled_VVD  Dorcas_NP  Mallory's_PPIO2  schooldays_NNS    rather_RR  lonely_JJ  schooldays_NNS  with_IO  not_XX  many_DA  close_JJ  friends_NNS  because_CS  the_AT1  reserve_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  in_IO  Adrian_NP  Mallory_NP  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Dorcas_NP  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  particularly_RR  felt_VBN  the_AT1  loneliness_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  holidays_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  happy_JJ  ones_CD1S    spent_VBN  mostly_RR  at_IO  home_NN1  ,_,  at_RR  first_RR  because_IO  of_II  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  reluctance_NN  to_TO  travel_VV0  and_CC  then_RL  because_CS  the_AT1  war_NN  made_VVD  travelling_NN  impracticable_JJ  .  
  when_CS I_PPIS1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  about_IO  Russ_NP  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  speak_VV0  impersonally_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_DA  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  put_VV0  into_IO  words_NNS  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  to_IO  someone_PN1  as_RG  understanding_JJ  as_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  .  
  how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  possibly_RR  describe_VV0  to_IO  anyone_PN1  the_AT1  love_NN  between_IO  Russell_NP  Winslow_NP  and_CC  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP  .  
  my_APP$  voice_NN  broke_VVD  when_CS I_PPIS1  finally_RR  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  that_PNQS never_RR  took_VVD  place_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  to_IO  London_NP  of_IO  Dorcas_NP  and_CC  Adrian_NP  Mallory_NP  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  happiness_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  girl_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  eve_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  marriage_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  silent_JJ  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  head_NN  bent_VBN  ,_,  watching_VBG  the_AT1  slight_JJ  breeze_NN  lazily_RR  stirring_VBG  a_AT1  curled_JJ  brown_JJ  leaf_NN  at_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  rustled_VVD  faintly_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  moved_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  a_AT1  sharper_JJ  breath_NN  of_IO  wind_NN  caught_VVD  it_PPH1  and_CC  hurried_VVD  it_PPH1  away_RP  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Broderick_NP  said_VVD  gently_RR  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  then_RL  .    
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  somehow_RR  startled_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  unable_JJ  to_TO  follow_VV0  the_AT1  wistful_JJ  trend_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  mind_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  then_RL  .    I_PPIS1  repeated_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  keeping_VBG  my_APP$  voice_NN  as_RG  steady_JJ  and_CC  expressionless_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  ,_,  
    Dorcas_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  father_NN  were_VBDR  killed_VBN  in_IO  an_AT1  air_NN  raid_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  wedding_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  died_VVD  that_DD1  night_NN  .    
    this_DD1  girl_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  been_VBN  telling_VBG  me_PPIO1  about_IO    she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  one_MC1  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  uncertainly_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  his_APP$  logical_JJ  mind_NN  found_VVD  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  put_VV0  my_APP$  fantastic_JJ  supposition_NN  into_IO  words_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  waited_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  continue_VV0  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  ,_,  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  woke_VVD  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  Joanna's_PPIO2  wedding_NN  thinking_VBG  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  wedding_NN  day_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  where_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  or_CC  why_CS ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  events_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  been_VBN  telling_VBG  you_PPY  about_IO    that_DD1  evening_NN  in_IO  London_NP    were_VBDR  so_RG  clear_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  April_NN1  ,_,  1944_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  up_RP  Dorcas_NP  Mallory's_PPIO2  life_NN  exactly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  died_VVD  .    
  he_PPHO1  stirred_VVD  slightly_RR  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  interrupted_VBN  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  single_JJ  thing_NN  about_IO  Lisa_NP  Landry's_PPIO2  life_NN  prior_RR  to_IO  that_DD1  morning_NN  in_IO  August_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  all_DB  about_IO  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  tell_VV0  you_PPY  of_IO  these_DD2  things_NNS  that_PNQS no_PN1  one_PN    not_XX  even_RR  Charles_NP    could_VM  have_VH0  told_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  Lisa_NP  Landry_NP    but_CCB  my_APP$  mind_NN  is_VBZ  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Charles_NP    your_APP$  husband_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .    
    why_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  say_VV0    that_CS  even_RR  Charles_NP  could_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  .  
  how_CS could_VM  he_PPHO1  know_VV0  anything_PN1  at_IO  all_DB      
    Charles_NP  and_CC  Adrian_NP  Mallory_NP  were_VBDR  stepbrothers_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1    Dorcas_NP  never_RR  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  until_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  before_CS    before_CS  she_PPHO1  died_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  most_DA  of_IO  his_APP$  time_NN  in_IO  Canada_NP  .    
    did_VDD  you_PPY  know_VV0  this_DD1  girl_NN  .    
    no_UH  .    
    but_CCB  you_PPY  probably_RR  heard_VVD  your_APP$  husband_NN  talk_VV0  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    he_PPHO1  never_RR  really_RR  knew_VVD  her_PPHO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  defensively_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  against_IO  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  sure_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  told_VVD  you_PPY    Dorcas_NP  never_RR  met_VVD  him_PPHO1  until_IO  a_DA  few_DA  weeks_NNS  before_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  killed_VBN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  barely_RR  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1    they_PPHS2  only_RR  met_VVD  a_AT1  very_RG  few_DA  times_NNS  .  
  Charles_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  possibly_RR  know_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  things_NNS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .    
    he_PPHO1  could_VM  know_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  gently_RR  .  
    and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  things_NNS  .  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  quite_RR  sure_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  know_VV0  these_DD2  things_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  could_VM  you_PPY  have_VH0  imagined_VBN  them_PPHO1  .    
    no_UH  !_!    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  outrage_NN  .  
    no_PN1  one_PN  could_VM  possibly_RR  imagine_VV0  everything_PN1  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  about_IO  Dorcas_NP  Mallory_NP    every_AT1  detail_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN    every_AT1  incident_NN  ,_,  day_NN  by_IO  day_NN  .  
  and_CC  Russ_NP  .  .    
    the_AT1  man_NN  Dorcas_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  marry_VV0  .    
    yes_UH    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  immediately_RR  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  recognized_VBN  a_AT1  man_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  never_RR  met_VBN  .    yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  Mackinnon_NP  and_CC  see_VV0  if_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  get_VV0  anything_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  for_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  sake_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  know_VV0  .  
  so_CS  that_CS  this_DD1  could_VM  be_VB0  stopped_VBN  before_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  late_JJ    if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  too_RG  late_JJ  already_RR  .  
  to_IO  his_APP$  surprise_NN  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  himself_PPX1  hoping_VBG  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  dreadful_JJ  to_TO  discover_VV0  .  
  for_IO  Jane's_PPIO2  sake_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  hurt_VBN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  want_VV0  her_PPHO1  hurt_VBN  .  
  and_CC  young_JJ  Grant_NP    damn_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  almost_RR  liked_VBN  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  other_DA  night_NN  .  
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  help_VV0  admiring_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  for_IO  his_APP$  guts_NNS  in_IO  tackling_VBG  the_AT1  job_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tackling_VBG  .  
  but_CCB  Alison_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  had_VHD  brought_VBN  up_RP  four_MC  daughters_NNS  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  it_PPH1  would_VM  all_DB  fade_VV0  out_RP  .  
  and_CC  Elizabeth_NP  had_VHD  some_DD  plans_NNS  .  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  starting_VBG  counting_VBG  days_NNS  to_IO  your_APP$  holiday_NN  soon_RR  ,_,  Jane_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  cheerfully_RR  .  
  Jane_NP  smiled_VVD  but_CCB  did_VDD  not_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  if_CS  she_PPHO1  counted_VVD  days_NNS  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  for_IO  a_AT1  reason_NN  contrary_JJ  to_IO  what_DDQ  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  thought_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  half_DB  her_APP$  attention_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  talking_VBG  about_IO  what_DDQ  Elizabeth_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  last_DA  letter_NN  ,_,  conjecturing_VBG  about_IO  when_CS they_PPHS2  would_VM  see_VV0  Susan_NP  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  of_IO  how_CS she_PPHO1  would_VM  tell_VV0  Neil_NP  what_DDQ  her_APP$  father_NN  had_VHD  said_VBN  about_IO  his_APP$  parents_NNS  ,_,  seeing_VBG  the_AT1  look_NN  of_IO  relief_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  come_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  dark_JJ  eyes_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  his_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  disparaging_JJ  remarks_NNS  had_VHD  had_VHN  no_AT1  foundation_NN  in_IO  fact_NN  .  
  how_CS glad_JJ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  Neil_NP  could_VM  now_RL  look_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  young_JJ  parents_NNS  with_IO  affection_NN  ,_,  untouched_JJ  by_IO  fear_NN  .  
  how_CS glad_JJ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  recreate_VV0  that_DD1  flower_NN  garden_NN  which_DDQ  Angus_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  had_VHD  been_VBN  created_VBN  by_IO  Neil's_PPIO2  mother_NN  .  
    father_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  a_AT1  heap_NN  of_IO  cuttings_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  wide_JJ  strip_NN  of_IO  land_NN  at_IO  Dalnadoire_NP  which_DDQ  Angus_NP  says_VBZ  was_VBDZ  once_RR  a_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  so_RR  we_PPIS2      she_PPHO1  coloured_VVD  and_CC  changed_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,    so_RR  Neil_NP  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  start_VV0  it_PPH1  again_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  said_VBN  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  lots_NNS  of_IO  plants_NNS  .    
    plants_NNS  !_!  
  plenty_NN  of_IO  those_DD2  ,_,  Jane_NP  .    
  here_RL  the_AT1  General_NNSB1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  his_APP$  element_NN  .  
    come_VV0  out_RP  when_CS you_PPY  've_VH0  finished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  mark_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  want_VV0  .  
  best_JJT  to_TO  do_VD0  that_DD1  when_CS they_PPHS2  're_VBR  flowering_VBG  .    
  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  stiffly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  chair_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  that_DD1  new_JJ  delphinium_NN  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  in_RP  last_DA  autumn_NN  .  
  coming_VBG  out_RP  now_RL  .  
  grand_JJ  colour_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  like_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  background_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  growing_VBG  so_RG  well_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  will_VM  split_VV0  .  
  come_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  look_VV0  at_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  just_RR  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  these_DD2  .    
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  up_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  ,_,  stacking_VBG  dishes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  smiled_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  between_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  once_CS  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  Neil_NP  they_PPHS2  would_VM  be_VB0  sure_JJ  to_TO  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  would_VM  just_RR  need_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  patience_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  three_MC  weeks_NNS  went_VVD  by_RP  with_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  an_AT1  astonishing_JJ  rapidity_NN  .  
  Jane_NP  had_VHD  had_VHN  little_DA  enthusiasm_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  holiday_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  now_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  less_DA  .  
  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  exchange_VV0  ,_,  even_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  warm_JJ  happiness_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  with_IO  Neil_NP  ,_,  of_IO  sharing_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  their_APP$  growing_JJ  love_NN  ,_,  of_IO  watching_VBG  how_CS everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  progressing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  to_TO  love_VV0  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  for_IO  Elizabeth_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  lectures_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  spells_NNS  of_IO  baby-sitting_NN  ,_,  and_CC  keeping_VBG  at_IO  arm's_NN1$  length_NN  the_AT1  rather_RR  callow_JJ  young_JJ  men_NNS  whom_WPO  Elizabeth_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  far_RR  from_RR  pleasing_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  no_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  constantly_RR  talking_VBG  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  enlarging_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  supposed_JJ  pleasures_NNS  in_IO  store_NN  ,_,  expecting_VBG  from_IO  her_PPHO1  an_AT1  enthusiasm_NN  which_DDQ  Jane_NP  could_VM  not_XX  produce_VV0  .  
  that_CS  Lady_NNSB1  Rose_NP  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  more_RRR  of_IO  getting_VBG  Jane_NP  away_RP  from_IO  Drumlairig_NP  than_CS  of_IO  her_APP$  having_VHG  an_AT1  enjoyable_JJ  holiday_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  well_RR  aware_JJ  .  
  General_NNSB1  Rose_NP  might_VM  be_VB0  starting_VBG  to_TO  think_VV0  more_RG  kindly_RR  of_IO  Neil_NP  ,_,  be_VB0  beginning_VBG  to_TO  take_VV0  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  doings_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  in_IO  him_PPHO1  something_PN1  to_TO  admire_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  .  
  to_IO  her_PPHO1  Neil_NP  Grant_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  someone_PN1  of_IO  so_RG  little_DA  account_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  completely_RR  ignored_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  almost_RR  seemed_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  completely_RR  unaware_JJ  of_IO  her_APP$  daughter's_NN1$  friendship_NN  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  despite_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  for_IO  Jane_NP  those_DD2  weeks_NNS  were_VBDR  happy_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  Neil_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  working_VBG  hard_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  working_VBG  even_RR  harder_RRR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  and_CC  everything_PN1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  manner_NN  conforming_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  standard_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  set_VBN  himself_PPX1  .  
  Dalnadoire_NP  was_VBDZ  beginning_VBG  to_TO  look_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  well-kept_JJ  ,_,  prosperous_JJ  farm_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  old_JJ  house_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  gradually_RR  cleaned_VBN  and_CC  painted_VBN  .  
  Jane_NP  watched_VVD  progress_NN  with_IO  eager_JJ  ,_,  loving_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  there_RL  to_TO  give_VV0  praise_NN  and_CC  encouragement_NN  .  
  the_AT1  weather_NN  was_VBDZ  fine_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  days_NNS  were_VBDR  hot_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  one_MC1  morning_NN  Jane_NP  ,_,  rising_VBG  early_RR  as_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  window_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  trees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  chimneys_NNS  were_VBDR  almost_RR  blotted_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  mist_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  mountain_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  stillness_NN  over_IO  everything_PN1  .  
  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  the_AT1  first_MD  sign_NN  that_CS  autumn_NN  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  .  
  surely_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  too_RG  early_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  year_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  but_CCB  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  early_JJ  this_DD1  year_NN  .  
  but_CCB  whatever_DDQ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  disagreeable_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  need_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  away_RP  quickly_RR  for_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  much_RR  longer_RRR  to_TO  walk_VV0  that_DD1  mile_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  with_IO  visibility_NN  a_AT1  mere_JB  ten_MC  yards_NNS  .  
  shrouded_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  mackintosh_NN  ,_,  shivering_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  damp_JJ  still_JJ  air_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  drive_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  were_VBDR  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  the_AT1  never_RR  ceasing_JJ  swishing_NN  and_CC  pounding_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  not_XX  a_AT1  movement_NN  ,_,  not_XX  a_AT1  sound_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  a_AT1  dog_NN  barked_VVD  ,_,  another_DD1  joined_VVD  in_RP  excitedly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  two_MC  small_JJ  forms_NNS  ran_VVD  eagerly_RR  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    why_UH  Rory_NP  !_!  
  Gill_NP  !_!  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  doing_VBG  here_RL  .    she_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  beyond_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  figure_NN  loomed_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  mist_NN  .  
    morning_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  ,_,    Neil_NP  was_VBDZ  greeting_VBG  her_PPHO1  cheerfully_RR  .  
    want_VV0  a_AT1  lift_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  an_AT1  arm_NN  about_IO  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  smiling_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  surprised_JJ  face_NN  .  
    not_XX  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  morning_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  .  
  here_RL  's_VBZ  the_AT1  car_NN  .    
    why_UH  ,_,  Neil_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  never_RR  expected_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .    
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  opened_VBN  .  
    in_RP  you_PPY  get_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  got_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  puppies_NNS  scrambled_VVD  in_RP  after_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  let_VVD  them_PPHO1  jump_VV0  eagerly_RR  on_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  lap_NN  as_CS  Neil_NP  went_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  driver's_NN1$  seat_NN  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  something_PN1  to_TO  collect_VV0  ,_,  Neil_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  the_AT1  engine_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  moved_VVD  off_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  get_VV0  safely_RR  there_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  mean_VV0    you_PPY  've_VH0  come_VBN  especially_RR  to_TO  take_VV0  me_PPIO1  .    
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  you_PPY  walking_VBG  that_DD1  lonely_JJ  road_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  morning_NN  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Neil_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  and_CC  felt_VVD  wonderful_JJ  .  
  and_CC  when_CS in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  over_RP  ,_,  put_VVD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  kissed_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  mouth_NN  ,_,  not_XX  caring_VBG  at_IO  all_DB  that_CS  a_AT1  smiling_JJ  Willie_NP  MacIntyre_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  interested_JJ  spectator_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  many_DA  other_DA  small_JJ  incidents_NNS  to_TO  show_VV0  Jane_NP  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  Neil_NP  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  feel_VV0  warm_JJ  and_CC  rich_JJ  and_CC  essential_JJ  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  Tuesdays_NN2  when_CS she_PPHO1  met_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  Inverness_NP  for_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  usually_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_DA  little_DA  time_NN  left_VBN  after_CS  their_APP$  meal_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  walked_VBN  along_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  islands_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  climbed_VBN  the_AT1  hill_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  castle_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  statue_NN  of_IO  Flora_NP  MacDonald_NP  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  view_NN  westward_RR  at_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  gazed_VVD  .  
  but_CCB  latterly_RR  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  spent_VBN  their_APP$  time_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  .  
  window_NN  shopping_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  said_VVD  .  
  nor_CC  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  restrict_VV0  their_APP$  window_NN  gazing_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  which_DDQ  delighted_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  week_NN  before_CS  Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  holiday_NN  that_CS  they_PPHS2  saw_VVD  the_AT1  chest_NN  of_IO  drawers_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  small_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  beautifully_RR  veined_JJ  walnut_NN  ,_,  and_CC  its_APP$  bow_NN  front_NN  gave_VVD  it_PPH1  an_AT1  elegance_NN  which_DDQ  pleased_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  .  
  they_PPHS2  agreed_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  ,_,  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  at_IO  it_PPH1  from_IO  all_DB  angles_NNS  ,_,  discovered_VVD  its_APP$  price_NN  and_CC  then_RL  Neil_NP  said_VVD  quietly_RR  ,_,  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  buy_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Jane_NP  .    
    buy_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  quickly_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  colour_NN  heightened_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  looking_VBG  at_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  colour_NN  too_RR  in_IO  his_APP$  tanned_JJ  face_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  see_VV0  it_PPH1    Dalnadoire_NP  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  furniture_NN  and_CC    later_RRR  we_PPIS2  might_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  one_MC1  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  as_RG  well_RR  as_IO  this_DD1  one_MC1  .    
  Jane_NP  smiled_VVD  .  
    could_VM  we_PPIS2  ,_,  Neil_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .    
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   buy_VV0  it_PPH1  then_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  matter-of-fact_JJ  tone_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  just_RR  see_VV0  it_PPH1  against_IO  that_DD1  short_JJ  wall_NN  beyond_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  in_IO  what_DDQ  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  smiling_VBG  now_RL  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  time_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  .    
    oh_UH  yes_UH  ,_,    Jane_NP  said_VVD  happily_RR  .  
  so_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Sunday_NN1  Jane_NP  found_VVD  a_AT1  new_JJ  task_NN  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  duster_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  carefully_RR  polish_VV0  the_AT1  lovely_JJ  walnut_NN  chest_NN  .  
  Neil_NP  watched_VVD  her_APP$  young_JJ  ,_,  earnest_JJ  face_NN  lovingly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  with_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  dark_JJ  eyes_NNS  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  often_RR  there_RL  when_CS his_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  repose_NN  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  watching_VBG  Jane_NP  .  
  later_RRR  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  off_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  moors_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  was_VBDZ  hot_JJ  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  morning_NN  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  suspicion_NN  of_IO  thunder_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  clouds_NNS  had_VHD  passed_VBN  ,_,  although_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  a_AT1  heaviness_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  second_MD  stile_NN  ,_,  Jane_NP  perched_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  back_RP  down_IO  the_AT1  slope_NN  .  
    a_AT1  storm_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  too_RG  wild_JJ  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  any_DD  harm_NN  ,_,    Neil_NP  commented_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  river_NN  is_VBZ  running_VBG  much_RR  slower_RRR  than_CS  usual_JJ  .    
    yes_UH  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  bathe_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  pool_NN  above_IO  the_AT1  falls_NNS  when_CS you_PPY  were_VBDR  a_AT1  boy_NN  ,_,  Neil_NP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  leaning_VBG  against_IO  her_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .  
  every_AT1  morning_NN  before_CS  anyone_PN1  else_RR  was_VBDZ  astir_RR  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  run_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  ten_MC  glorious_JJ  ,_,  splashing_JJ  minutes_NNS  ,_,  before_CS  I_PPIS1  dashed_VVD  back_RP  again_RR  ,_,  pretending_VBG  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  never_RR  left_VBN  the_AT1  house_NN  .    
    did_VDD  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Cummings_NP  object_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  bathing_VBG  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  bathing_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  her_APP$  house_NN  messed_VBN  up_RP  .  
  though_CS  one_MC1  morning_NN  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  catch_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  usual_JJ  lazy_JJ  ingrate_NN  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  then_RL  ,_,  Jane_NP  ,_,    there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  twinkle_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  as_CS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,    that_CS  my_APP$  family_NN    for_IO  some_DD  unknown_JJ  reason_NN  I_PPIS1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  several_DA  children_NNS  and_CC  that_CS  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  be_VB0  living_VBG  at_IO  Dalnadoire_NP    would_VM  be_VB0  allowed_VBN  to_TO  play_VV0  in_IO  that_DD1  pool_NN  whenever_CS they_PPHS2  liked_VVD  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  answering_JJ  twinkle_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  still_RR  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  opinion_NN  ,_,  Neil_NP  .    
  his_APP$  smile_NN  widened_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  .  
  but_CCB  their_APP$  mother_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  approve_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  might_VM  n't_XX  think_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  good_JJ  idea_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  ,_,    Jane_NP  said_VVD  carefully_RR  ,_,    that_CS  any_DD  girl_NN  you_PPY  'd_VHD  made_VBN  the_AT1  mother_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  sensible_JJ  about_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  want_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  fun_NN  .    
  Neil_NP  laid_VVD  his_APP$  cheek_NN  against_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  resting_VBG  lightly_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  Dalnadoire_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  house_NN  which_DDQ  needs_VBZ  a_AT1  family_NN  of_IO  children_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  does_VBZ  ,_,    Jane_NP  agreed_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  should_VM  be_VB0  filled_VBN  with_IO  fun_NN  and_CC  laughter_NN  .  
  Neil_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  seriously_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  never_RR  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  what_DDQ  made_VVD  you_PPY  run_VV0  away_RP  just_RR  at_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  miserable_JJ  years_NNS  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  because_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  unhappy_JJ  ,_,  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  cumulative_JJ  unhappiness_NN  .    
    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  run_VV0    I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  way_NN  from_IO  here_RL  to_IO  Aberdeen_NP  .  
  unhappy_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  that_DD1  came_VVD  into_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  main_JB  ,_,  the_AT1  overwhelming_JJ  reason_NN  ,_,  was_VBDZ  pride_NN  .    
    pride_NN  .    Jane_NP  repeated_VVD  in_IO  surprise_NN  .  
    pride_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  again_RR  .  
    to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  ,_,  day_NN  after_IO  day_NN  for_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  years_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR  living_VBG  on_IO  charity_NN  ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reason_NN  why_CS they_PPHS2  should_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  work_VV0  their_APP$  fingers_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  bone_NN  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  ungrateful_JJ  cur_NN  like_CS  you_PPY  were_VBDR    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  that_CS  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  go_VV0  somewhere_RR  where_CS she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  to_TO  keep_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  more_DA  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  repay_VV0  her_PPHO1  all_DB  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  to_TO  spend_VV0  on_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    but_CCB  ,_,  Neil_NP  ,_,    Jane_NP  was_VBDZ  red_JJ  with_IO  indignation_NN  ,_,    you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX  living_VBG  on_IO  charity_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  yours_PP$  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  .  
  and_CC  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  planned_VVD  it_PPH1  carefully_RR  ,_,  Jane_NP  .  **"_**'    June_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  that_DD1  .    he_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  and_CC  her_APP$  steady_JJ  gaze_NN  conveyed_VVD  as_RG  much_DA  as_IO  the_AT1  brief_JJ  reply_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  caught_VVD  his_APP$  breath_NN  and_CC  swung_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  seat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sped_VVD  on_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  speed_NN  that_PNQS gradually_RR  filled_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  alarm_NN  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  turn_VV0  back_RP  !_!    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  a_AT1  milestone_NN  flashed_VBN  by_RP  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  where_CS there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  turning_NN  back_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  drive_VV0  till_IO  midnight_NN  ,_,  and_CC  stay_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  we_PPIS2  come_VV0  to_IO  .  
  then_RL  neither_LE  of_IO  us_PPIO2   can_VM  ever_RR  go_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  matter_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  .    
    Eustace_NP  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  caught_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  arm_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  mad_JJ  !_!  
  turn_VV0  back_RP  !_!    
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  .  
    other_DA  people_NNS  give_VV0  up_RP  everything_PN1  for_IO  love_NN  ,_,  and_CC  why_CS not_XX  we_PPIS2  .  
  love_NN  may_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  all_DB  ,_,  but_CCB  at_RR  least_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  more_DA  than_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  rest_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  give_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  ,_,  June_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  .    
  that_CS  his_APP$  reckless_JJ  impulse_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  as_RG  much_RR  to_IO  pride_NN  and_CC  anger_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  chagrin_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  imperious_JJ  man_NN  thwarted_VBN  ,_,  as_CS  to_IO  any_DD  warmer_JJ  passion_NN  ,_,  made_VVD  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  recall_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  his_APP$  own_DA  natural_JJ  good_JJ  sense_NN  and_CC  worship_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  conventions_NNS  coming_VBG  to_IO  her_APP$  aid_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  June_NP  had_VHD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  over_IO  his_PP$  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  force_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  turn_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  performed_VVD  some_DD  queer_JJ  antics_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  brief_JJ  struggle_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  imploring_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Half_RR  sobbing_VBG  ,_,  before_CS  she_PPHO1  succeeded_VVD  in_IO  persuading_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_TO  bring_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  standstill_NN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  turn_VV0  round_RP  and_CC  drive_VV0  back_RP  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,  sobbing_VBG  openly_RR  now_CS  the_AT1  danger_NN  was_VBDZ  past_RP  .  
    how_CS could_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  so_RG  mad_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  allowed_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  shed_VV0  agitated_JJ  tears_NNS  for_IO  some_DD  moments_NNS  ,_,  without_IO  offering_VBG  a_AT1  word_NN  of_IO  apology_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  mouth_NN  compressed_VBN  ,_,  his_APP$  features_NNS  cruel_JJ  in_IO  their_APP$  clear-cut_JJ  rigidity_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  then_RL  .  
    and_CC  nothing_PN1  will_VM  make_VV0  you_PPY  alter_VV0  your_APP$  decision_NN  .    
    please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  talk_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  drive_VV0  home_NN1  .    
    you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  happy_JJ  by_IO  marrying_VBG  him_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  pity_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  pity_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  fond_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  when_CS he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  be_VB0  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS    if_CS  meeting_VBG  you_PPY  earlier_RRR  might_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  a_AT1  difference_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  can_VM  n't_XX  do_VD0  now_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  mean_JJ  to_TO  throw_VV0  him_PPHO1  aside_RP  ,_,  just_RR  to_TO  suit_VV0  my_APP$  convenience_NN  .    
    if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  well_JJ      began_VVD  Hilton_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  act_VV0  exactly_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  ,_,    she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  in_RP  .  
    please_UH  drive_VV0  back_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_RR  dark_JJ  .    
  Hilton_NP  gave_VVD  a_AT1  sigh_NN  of_IO  fierce_JJ  protest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  another_DD1  minute_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  rushing_VBG  back_RP  along_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  come_VBN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  temporary_JJ  improvement_NN  ,_,  Frank_NP  Elvington's_PPIO2  health_NN  ceased_VVD  to_TO  show_VV0  any_DD  advance_NN  .  
  even_RR  his_APP$  own_DA  optimism_NN  became_VVD  slightly_RR  dimmed_VBN  .  
  whilst_CS  still_RR  confident_JJ  of_IO  his_APP$  recovery_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  talk_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  his_APP$  marriage_NN  with_IO  such_DA  eagerness_NN  as_CS  before_II  ,_,  obviously_RR  regarding_VBG  both_DB2  as_CS  some_DD  distance_NN  away_RP  .  
  June_NP  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  ache_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  seldom_RR  saw_VVD  Hilton_NP  ,_,  both_DB2  she_PPHO1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  avoiding_VBG  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  devoted_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  Frank_NP  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  put_VV0  Hilton_NP  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  found_VVD  Frank_NP  preoccupied_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  confessed_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  strongly_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  leave_VV0  England_NP  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  refused_VBN  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  .  
    but_CCB  why_CS not_XX  go_VV0  ,_,  dear_NN  .    she_PPHO1  urged_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  do_VD0  anything_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  better_JJ  .    
    because_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  leave_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  confessed_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  n't_XX  hesitate_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  anywhere_RR  where_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  the_AT1  least_DA  chance_NN  of_IO  hastening_VBG  your_APP$  recovery_NN  .    
    oh_UH    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  reluctantly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  promised_VBN  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  whilst_CS  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  June_NP  met_VVD  \0Dr_NNSB1  Rother_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  Frank's_PPIO2  only_DA  chance_NN  of_IO  life_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  sail_VV0  immediately_RR  for_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  and_CC  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hilton_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  done_VBN  wonders_NNS  in_IO  keeping_VBG  him_PPHO1  alive_JJ  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  nothing_PN1  more_DA  could_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  England_NP  .  
  the_AT1  warm_JJ  climate_NN  of_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  last_DA  and_CC  only_DA  chance_NN  .  
  June_NP  had_VHD  not_XX  thought_VBN  his_APP$  danger_NN  so_RG  great_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  hearing_VBG  that_CS  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hilton_NP  was_VBDZ  still_RR  with_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  hastened_VVD  to_IO  Cliff_NP  Top_NP  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  stop_VV0  Hilton_NP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  wide_JJ  entrance-hall_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  passing_VBG  her_PPHO1  with_IO  an_AT1  inclination_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  unsteadily_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  speak_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  please_UH  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  near_II  by_RP  .  
    \0Dr_NNSB1  Rother_NP  says_VBZ  that_CS  Frank_NP  must_VM  go_VV0  away_RP  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  just_RR  consented_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  so_PN1  ,_,    replied_VVD  Hilton_NP  .  
    but_CCB  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  true_JJ  that_CS  this_DD1  is_VBZ  his_APP$  last_DA  chance_NN  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  averted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  not_XX  answering_VBG  ,_,  
    Doctor_NNSB1  Rother_NP  says_VBZ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  his_APP$  only_DA  chance_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  distressfully_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  sharply_RR  looking_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  ruthless_JJ  directness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  words_NNS  fell_VVD  with_IO  icy_JJ  distinctness_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  his_APP$  only_DA  chance_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  chance_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .    
  June_NP  turned_VVD  white_JJ  ,_,  her_APP$  lips_NNS  falling_VBG  apart_RP  ,_,  speechless_JJ  .  
    he_PPHO1  may_VM  never_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  ,_,    announced_VVD  Hilton_NP  deliberately_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  horrified_JJ  .  
  for_IO  all_DB  her_APP$  fears_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  came_VVD  as_IO  a_AT1  shock_NN  to_TO  hear_VV0  Frank's_PPIO2  doom_NN  pronounced_VBN  in_IO  so_RG  many_DA  words_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  to_IO  where_CS the_AT1  leaves_NNS  were_VBDR  already_RR  turning_VBG  to_IO  pale_JJ  yellow_NN  and_CC  deep_JJ  copper_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  mellow_JJ  sky_NN  above_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  things_NNS  awaiting_VBG  his_APP$  enjoyment_NN  ,_,  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  many_DA  years_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  miss_VV0  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  sure_JJ  .    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  .    
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  know_VV0  .    she_PPHO1  faltered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  professional_JJ  instinct_NN  brought_VVD  his_APP$  brows_NNS  together_RR  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    and_CC  you_PPY  must_VM  not_XX  allow_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  guess_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  told_VBN  you_PPY  he_PPHO1  may_VM  never_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  that_DD1  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  repeated_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  a_AT1  patient's_NN1$  optimism_NN  has_VHZ  performed_VBN  miracles_NNS  before_II  now_RL  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  robbed_VBN  of_IO  hope_NN  .  
  but_CCB  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  expect_VV0  any_DD  miracle_NN  to_TO  happen_VV0  .    
    no_UH  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  little_JJ  pause_NN  ,_,  whilst_CS  June_NP  mourned_VVD  .  
  remembering_VBG  Frank's_PPIO2  unwillingness_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  separated_VBN  from_IO  her_PPHO1    
    then_RL  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  any_DD  use_NN  sending_VBG  him_PPHO1  away_RP  to_TO    to_TO  die_VV0  among_IO  strangers_NNS  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  .    
    he_PPHO1  must_VM  go_VV0  ,_,    replied_VVD  Hilton_NP  .  
    however_CS useless_JJ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  must_VM  insist_VV0  upon_IO  everything_PN1  being_VBG  done_VBN  which_DDQ  possibly_RR  can_VM  be_VB0  done_VBN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  assented_VVD  ,_,  sadly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  June_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Hilton_NP  ,_,  softly_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  put_VV0  another_DD1  man_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  place_NN  even_CS  if_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  talk_VV0  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  begged_VVD  .  
    how_CS long_RR    how_CS long_RR  do_VD0  you_PPY  expect_VV0  .    
    it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  as_RG  long_RR  as_IO  seven_MC  or_CC  eight_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  married_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  before_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  June_NP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH  !_!    
  even_RR  his_APP$  attraction_NN  was_VBDZ  powerless_JJ  to_TO  affect_VV0  her_PPHO1  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  .  
    how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  mention_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  .    
    our_APP$  marriage_NN  will_VM  n't_XX  hasten_VV0  his_APP$  end_NN  by_IO  so_RG  much_DA  as_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  need_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    remarked_VVD  Hilton_NP  ,_,    and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  pretend_VV0  to_TO  love_VV0  you_PPY  less_RRR  ,_,  now_CS  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  mine_PP$  .    
  he_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  opened_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  pass_VV0  out_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  answer_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  deeply_RR  affected_VBN  by_IO  Frank's_PPIO2  death_NN  ,_,  and_CC  equally_RR  natural_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  pleased_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  her_PPHO1  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  there_EX  seemed_VVD  something_PN1  callous_JJ  about_IO  his_APP$  calmness_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  braced_VVD  herself_PPX1  up_RP  to_TO  face_VV0  Frank_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  ordeal_NN  was_VBDZ  far_RR  worse_JJ  than_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  quite_RR  good_JJ  spirits_NNS  ,_,  waiting_VBG  eagerly_RR  to_TO  tell_VV0  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  news_NN  .  
    June_NP  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  announced_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  promised_VBN  Hilton_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  a_AT1  chance_NN  here_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  certain_JJ  that_CS  a_AT1  year_NN  out_RP  there_RL  will_VM  make_VV0  me_PPIO1  as_RG  well_JJ  as_CS  ever_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  told_VBN  me_PPIO1  of_IO  another_DD1  case_NN  similar_JJ  to_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  sent_VVD  out_RP  there_RL  with_IO  excellent_JJ  results_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  n't_XX  much_DA  faith_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  before_II  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  perhaps_RR  go_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  you_PPY  and_CC    all_DB  to_IO  no_AT1  purpose_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  better_JJ  I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  stay_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  satisfied_JJ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  a_AT1  year's_NN1$  absence_NN  and_CC  then_RL    oh_UH  ,_,  June_NP  !_!    health_NN  and_CC  you_PPY  !_!  
  no_AT1  price_NN  is_VBZ  too_RG  great_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  !_!    
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  all_DB  her_APP$  courage_NN  and_CC  self-control_NN  to_TO  hide_VV0  her_APP$  tragic_JJ  knowledge_NN  from_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  to_TO  respond_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  cheerful_JJ  talk_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_IO  rememeber_NN  what_DDQ  Hilton_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  miracles_NNS  performed_VBN  by_IO  optimism_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  desire_NN  for_IO  life_NN  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  will_VV0  passionately_RR  that_CS  Frank's_PPIO2  belief_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  recovery_NN  would_VM  add_VV0  another_DD1  miracle_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  annals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sick_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  oh_UH  ,_,  June_NP  ,_,  to_TO  leave_VV0  you_PPY  all_DB  that_DD1  time_NN  !_!    he_PPHO1  exclaimed_VVD  .  
    eight_MC  or_CC  nine_MC  months_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  very_RG  least_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  most_RG  probably_RR  a_AT1  year_NN  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  forget_VV0  me_PPIO1  in_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  time_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  Frank_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  marking_VBG  the_AT1  days_NNS  off_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  calendar_NN  and_CC  waiting_VBG  for_IO  your_APP$  return_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  though_CS  she_PPHO1  choked_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  pressed_VVD  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  to_IO  his_APP$  lips_NNS  ,_,  afterwards_RR  holding_VBG  her_APP$  hand_NN  close_RR  against_IO  his_APP$  cheek_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  rather_RR  stay_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  die_VV0  ,_,  with_IO  you_PPY  beside_IO  me_PPIO1  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  ,_,    than_CS  go_VV0  away_RP  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  long_JJ  dreary_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  then_RL  not_XX  return_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  after_IO  all_DB  .  
  supposing_VBG  something_PN1  happens_VBZ  to_TO  part_VV0  us_PPIO2   ,_,  June_NP  .    
    nothing_PN1  will_VM  ,_,    she_PPHO1  declared_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  tears_NNS  running_VBG  down_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  hands_NNS  holding_VBG  him_PPHO1  protectingly_RR  .  
    because_CS  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  why_CS ,_,  Frank_NP  .  
  because_CS  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  parted_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  vehemently_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  impulse_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  the_AT1  passionate_JJ  desire_NN  to_TO  comfort_VV0  and_CC  serve_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  sweeten_VV0  his_APP$  tragedy_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    she_PPHO1  announced_VVD  ,_,  firmly_RR  .  
    June_NP  ,_,  darling_NN  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  his_APP$  face_NN  irradiated_VBN  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  really_RR  mean_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  before_CS  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  smile_NN  quivering_NN  under_IO  her_APP$  tears_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  he_PPHO1  clasped_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  kissing_VBG  and_CC  thanking_VBG  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  regret_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  impulse_NN  of_IO  pity_NN  ,_,  only_RR  a_AT1  great_JJ  thankfulness_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  at_RR  least_RR  make_VV0  his_APP$  last_DA  months_NNS  happy_JJ  .  
    sweetheart_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  ask_VV0  so_RG  little_DA  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  first_MD  rush_NN  of_IO  gratitude_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  only_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  you_PPY  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  marry_VV0  a_AT1  miserable_JJ  invalid_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  real_JJ  honeymoon_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  well_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  something_PN1  to_TO  get_VV0  well_JJ  for_IO  .  
  until_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Elvington_NP  only_RR  to_IO  other_DA  people_NNS  .  
  to_IO  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  'll_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  my_APP$  beautiful_JJ  sweetheart_NN  who_PNQS 's_VBZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  and_CC  oh_UH  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  long_RR  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  such_DA  haste_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  well_JJ  .    
  every_AT1  moment_NN  she_PPHO1  remained_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  increased_VVD  her_APP$  satisfaction_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  step_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  left_VVD  him_PPHO1  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  more_RRR  at_IO  peace_NN  than_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  done_VBN  since_CS  Eustace_NP  Hilton_NP  had_VHD  come_VBN  into_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  undertaken_VBN  a_AT1  definite_JJ  service_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  that_PNQS both_DB2  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  heart_NN  approved_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  which_DDQ  left_VVD  no_AT1  room_NN  for_IO  personal_JJ  considerations_NNS  .  
  thus_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  when_CS Hilton_NP  called_VVD  that_DD1  evening_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  beyond_IO  his_APP$  power_NN  to_TO  influence_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  making_VBG  out_RP  a_AT1  list_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  many_DA  things_NNS  she_PPHO1  required_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  with_IO  her_PPHO1  out_RP  of_IO  England_NP  ,_,  when_CS his_APP$  car_NN  stopped_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  thinking_VBG  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  Frank_NP  who_PNQS had_VHD  sent_VBN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  ,_,  alarmed_JJ  when_CS she_PPHO1  recognised_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  fearing_VBG  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  her_PPHO1  ill_JJ  news_NN  of_IO  Frank_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  imagine_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  pay_VV0  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  visit_NN  except_CS  in_IO  Frank's_PPIO2  interest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  where_CS her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  trying_VBG  in_RR  vain_RR  to_TO  learn_VV0  the_AT1  reason_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  visit_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  first_MD  words_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  her_APP$  fiancee_NN  .  
    no_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,    there_EX  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  be_VB0  anxious_JJ  about_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  obliged_VBN  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  alone_JJ  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Arnage_NP  rose_VVD  somewhat_RR  haughtily_RR  ,_,  taking_VBG  her_APP$  departure_NN  with_IO  distinct_JJ  displeasure_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  might_VM  have_VH0  borne_VBN  much_DA  for_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Hilton_NP  once_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  as_IO  mother_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  so_RG  soon-to-be_JB  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Frank_NP  Elvington_NP  ,_,  of_IO  Cliff_NP  Top_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  resented_VVD  his_APP$  cool_JJ  dismissal_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    asked_VVD  June_NP  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  alone_JJ  with_IO  Hilton_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  think_VV0  what_DDQ  had_VHD  brought_VBN  him_PPHO1  .  
    Elvington_NP  telephoned_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  announce_VV0  your_APP$  immediate_JJ  marriage_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,  through_IO  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  his_APP$  tightened_JJ  lips_NNS  moved_VVD  so_RG  little_RR  .  
    oh_UH  !_!    
  June_NP  was_VBDZ  simultaneously_RR  relieved_JJ  and_CC  troubled_VBN  .  
  relieved_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  call_NN  meant_VVD  no_AT1  fresh_JJ  ill_NN  to_IO  Frank_NP  ,_,  distressed_JJ  and_CC  perturbed_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  be_VB0  going_VBG  to_TO  reopen_VV0  personal_JJ  matters_NNS  which_DDQ  now_RL  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  should_VM  be_VB0  buried_VBN  and_CC  forgotten_VBN  .  the_AT1  birds_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Barbara_NP  Comyns_NP  .  
  little_JJ  Hal_NP  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  boy_NN  made_VBN  of_IO  butter_NN    yellow_JJ  complexion_NN  and_CC  yellow_JJ  hair_NN  .  
  after_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  death_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  thin_JJ  little_JJ  face_NN  contorted_VVD  into_IO  sudden_JJ  grimaces_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  younger_JJ  brother_NN  Charlie_NP  held_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  chubby_JJ  arms_NNS  with_IO  love_NN  towards_IO  Cousin_NNSB1  Nelly_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS kept_VVD  house_NN  for_IO  their_APP$  father_NN  now_CS  he_PPHO1  no_RR  longer_RRR  had_VHD  a_AT1  wife_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  Hal_NP  would_VM  sit_VV0  behind_IO  the_AT1  shed_NN  door_NN  ,_,  grimacing_VBG  under_IO  his_APP$  large_JJ  straw_NN  hat_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  long_JJ  yellow_JJ  fingers_NNS  twisting_VBG  the_AT1  tags_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  boots_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  boy_NN  's_VBZ  highly_RR  strung_VBN  ,_,    Nelly_NP  would_VM  say_VV0  to_IO  his_APP$  father_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  do_VD0  n't_XX  seem_VV0  natural_JJ  .  
  why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  pet_NN  ,_,  Bert_NP    a_AT1  kitten_NN  or_CC  a_AT1  dog_NN  .    
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  to_IO  school_NN  ,_,    Bert_NP  would_VM  answer_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  give_VV0  the_AT1  robust_JJ  Charlie_NP  a_AT1  poke_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  earth-grimed_JJ  forefinger_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  caused_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  boy_NN  to_TO  roll_VV0  about_RP  with_IO  laughter_NN  ,_,  then_RL  disappear_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  serge_NN  tablecloth_NN  until_CS  Bert_NP  prodded_VVD  him_PPHO1  again_RR  and_CC  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  more_DA  laughter_NN  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  boy_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    Bert_NP  would_VM  proclaim_VV0  with_IO  pride_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Hal's_PPIO2  unnatural_JJ  behaviour_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  forgotten_VBN  .  
  Hal_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  all_RR  right_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  school_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  afraid_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  children_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  sick_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  Plasticine_NP  box_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  day_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  refused_VVD  to_TO  speak_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  and_CC  kept_VVD  leaving_VBG  his_APP$  desk_NN  to_TO  stand_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  faces_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  following_JJ  day_NN  he_PPHO1  behaved_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  sick_JJ  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sinister_JJ  wet_JJ  patch_NN  appeared_VBN  round_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  shouted_VVD  ,_,  
    please_UH  ,_,  teacher_NN  ,_,  that_DD1  there_RL  Hal_NP  has_VHZ  wet_VBN  himself_PPX1  .    
  the_AT1  teacher_NN  ,_,  very_RG  red_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  ,_,  gave_VVD  Hal_NP  a_AT1  smack_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hand_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  ruler_NN  ,_,  and_CC  put_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  sawdust_NN  that_PNQS the_AT1  chalks_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  packed_VBN  in_IO  on_IO  the_AT1  wet_JJ  patch_NN  .  
  Hal_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  cry_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  rims_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  became_VVD  red_JJ  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  quite_RR  still_JJ  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  just_RR  watching_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  when_CS Nelly_NP  came_VVD  to_TO  fetch_VV0  him_PPHO1  home_NN1  the_AT1  teacher_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  
    that_DD1  Hal_NP  of_IO  yours_PP$  lives_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  world_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  all_RR  there_RL  .    
  Nelly_NP  looked_VVD  rather_RR  put_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  replied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  only_RR  the_AT1  poor_JJ  little_JJ  chap_NN  was_VBDZ  highly_RR  strung_VBN  .  
    his_APP$  dad_NN  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  pet_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  then_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  see_VV0  .    
  when_CS Bert_NP  came_VVD  home_NN1  for_IO  his_APP$  dinner_NN  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    what_DDQ  about_IO  that_DD1  little_JJ  cat_NN  or_CC  dog_NN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  going_VBG  to_TO  bring_VV0  home_NN1  for_IO  Hal_NP  ,_,  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  interest_NN  in_IO  things_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  wet_VVD  himself_PPX1  at_IO  school_NN  today_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  do_VD0  n't_XX  seem_VV0  natural_JJ  at_IO  his_APP$  age_NN  .    
  Hal's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  became_VVD  red_JJ  rimmed_JJ  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  speak_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  seldom_RR  did_VDD  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  said_VVD  ,_,  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  little_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  must_VM  buy_VV0  a_AT1  cage_NN  first_RR  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  green_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  would_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  Hal_NP  .    
  the_AT1  boy_NN  just_RR  nodded_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  Charlie_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Charlie_NP  wants_VBZ  a_AT1  green_JJ  bird_NN  too_RR  .  
  will_VM  it_PPH1  lay_VV0  green_JJ  eggs_NNS  .    and_CC  Nelly_NP  picked_VVD  him_PPHO1  up_RP  and_CC  ,_,  hugging_VBG  him_PPHO1  ,_,  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  caution_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  ,_,  when_CS Hal_NP  returned_VVD  from_IO  school_NN  ,_,  there_RL  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  bird_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  cage_NN  with_IO  bars_NNS  in_IO  front_NN  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  showed_VVD  him_PPHO1  how_CS the_AT1  cage_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  cleaned_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  seed_NN  and_CC  water_NN  containers_NNS  filled_VBN  ;_;  and_CC  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  that_CS  the_AT1  bird_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  taught_VBN  to_TO  talk_VV0    if_CS  you_PPY  speak_VV0  to_IO  it_PPH1  nice_RR  and_CC  quiet_RR  .    
  Hal_NP  put_VVD  the_AT1  cage_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  gazed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  ,_,  fascinated_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  close_RR  and_CC  whispered_VVD  something_PN1  very_RG  softly_RR  ,_,  then_RL  put_VVD  his_APP$  ear_NN  close_RR  ,_,  hoping_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  Charlie_NP  came_VVD  running_VBG  up_RP  and_CC  put_VVD  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  bars_NNS  ,_,  shouting_VBG      hallo_UH  ,_,  green_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,    and_CC  the_AT1  terrified_JJ  bird_NN  fluttered_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  cage_NN  .  
  Hal_NP  turned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  brother_NN  and_CC  slapped_VVD  his_APP$  laughing_JJ  ,_,  pink_JJ  face_NN  .  
  Nelly_NP  jumped_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  yelling_VBG  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  no_AT1  call_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  that_DD1  .    
  Hal_NP  ,_,  afraid_JJ  that_CS  his_APP$  new_JJ  treasure_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  taken_VBN  away_RP  from_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  picked_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  cage_NN  and_CC  dashed_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  shed_NN  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  softly_RR  talking_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  and_CC  watching_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  became_VVD  devoted_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  allowed_VBN  to_TO  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  eaves_NNS  ,_,  where_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  safe_JJ  from_IO  Charlie_NP  .  
  usually_RR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  from_IO  school_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  would_VM  free_VV0  the_AT1  bird_NN  from_IO  its_APP$  cage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  fly_VV0  around_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  picking_VBG  up_RP  little_JJ  things_NNS  with_IO  its_APP$  beak_NN  and_CC  sometimes_RR  settling_VBG  on_IO  Hal's_PPIO2  head_NN  or_CC  hand_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  talked_VVD  to_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  it_PPH1  talked_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  knew_VVD  if_CS  this_DD1  were_VBDR  true_JJ  because_CS  it_PPH1  flew_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  safety_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  cage_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  anyone_PN1  else_RR  entered_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  the_AT1  teacher_NN  said_VVD  Hal_NP  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  better_RRR  at_IO  school_NN    not_XX  that_CS  he_PPHO1  learnt_VVD  anything_PN1  ,_,  exactly_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  sit_VV0  still_JJ  and_CC  behave_VV0  better_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  drew_VVD  birds_NNS  in_IO  his_APP$  copy-book_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  would_VM  get_VV0  around_RP  to_IO  letters_NNS  later_RRR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  fearful_JJ  thing_NN  happened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  in_IO  that_DD1  little_JJ  room_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  bird_NN  sitting_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  to_IO  it_PPH1  very_RG  quietly_RR  ,_,  and_CC  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  bird_NN  was_VBDZ  talking_VBG  back_RP    no_PN1  one_PN  knew_VVD  for_RR  sure_RR  .  
  outside_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  Charlie_NP  was_VBDZ  listening_VBG  hard_RR  because_CS  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  hear_VV0  the_AT1  bird_NN  talk_VV0  too_RR  .  
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  burst_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  open_JJ  and_CC  cried_VVD  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  .    
  the_AT1  bird_NN  left_VVD  Hal's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  and_CC  ,_,  afraid_JJ  ,_,  flew_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  searching_VBG  for_IO  its_APP$  cage_NN  .  
  not_XX  knowing_VBG  about_IO  reflections_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  first_RR  flew_VVD  straight_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  brown-framed_JJ  mirror_NN  on_IO  Hal's_PPIO2  chest-of-drawers_NN  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  panic_NN  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  window_NN  and_CC  away_RP  .  
  Hal_NP  knew_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  his_APP$  bird_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  and_CC  would_VM  never_RR  come_VV0  back_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  after_IO  the_AT1  bird's_NN1$  disappearance_NN  that_CS  Hal_NP  had_VHD  his_APP$  first_MD  sort_NN  of_IO  fit_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  mentioned_VVD  the_AT1  bird_NN  again_RR  .  
  perhaps_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  forgotten_VBN  all_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  as_CS  he_PPHO1  almost_RR  never_RR  spoke_VVD  now_RL  no_PN1  one_PN  really_RR  knew_VVD  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  thinking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  to_IO  sitting_NN  behind_IO  the_AT1  shed_NN  door_NN  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  be_VB0  heard_VBN  talking_VBG  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  September_NN1  that_CS  Bert_NP  brought_VVD  home_NN1  the_AT1  two_MC  cockerels_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  white_JJ  ,_,  one_MC1  black_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  leggy_JJ  young_JJ  birds_NNS  ,_,  just_RR  growing_VBG  their_APP$  wing_NN  feathers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  father_NN  said_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  boys_NNS  ,_,  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  bird_NN  apiece_RR  for_IO  you_PPY  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  fatten_VV0  them_PPHO1  up_RP  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  are_VBR  fit_JJ  for_IO  eating_VBG  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  great_JJ  party_NN  and_CC  Nelly_NP  will_VM  become_VV0  your_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  now_RL  see_VV0  which_WDTI  of_IO  you_PPY  can_VM  make_VV0  his_APP$  bird_NN  grow_VV0  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  .    
  Charlie_NP  chose_VVD  the_AT1  white_JJ  bird_NN  and_CC  Hal_NP  had_VHD  to_TO  have_VH0  the_AT1  black_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  slightly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  small_JJ  side_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  difference_NN  in_IO  size_NN  soon_RR  changed_VVD  and_CC  Hal's_PPIO2  bird_NN  grew_VVD  and_CC  grew_VVD  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  home_NN1  from_IO  school_NN  he_PPHO1  gathered_VVD  corn_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  fields_NNS  and_CC  stuffed_VVD  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  in_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  the_AT1  cockerel_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  run_VV0  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  Nelly_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    well_UH  ,_,  Hal_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  your_APP$  cock_NN  is_VBZ  growing_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  bird_NN  .  
  little_JJ  Charlie's_PPIO2  can_VM  n't_XX  hold_VV0  a_AT1  candle_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  Hal_NP  gave_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  rare_JJ  smiles_NNS  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  bird_NN  with_IO  pride_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  twice_RR  the_AT1  size_NN  of_IO  Charlie's_PPIO2  .  
  the_AT1  cockerels_NNS  grew_VVD  very_RG  large_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  early_RR  in_IO  December_NN1  Bert_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Nelly_NP  ,_,  those_DD2  birds_NNS  are_VBR  ready_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  must_VM  see_VV0  about_IO  the_AT1  banns_NNS  .    
  when_CS Hal_NP  heard_VVD  his_APP$  father_NN  say_VV0  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  one_MC1  day_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  came_VVD  home_NN1  from_IO  school_NN  his_APP$  cockerel_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  there_RL  to_TO  meet_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  sacrificed_VBN  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  party_NN  and_CC  Nelly_NP  was_VBDZ  to_TO  become_VV0  his_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  imagine_VV0  everyone's_PN$  surprise_NN  when_CS Nelly_NP  began_VVD  to_TO  change_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  wearing_VBG  mama's_NN1$  blue_JJ  dress_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  lace_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  collar_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  ,_,  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  winter_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  brown_JJ  one_MC1  trimmed_VBN  with_IO  braid_NN  ,_,  in_IO  patterns_NNS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  resembled_VVD  snail_NN  shells_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  passed_VVD  and_CC  still_RR  the_AT1  glossy_JJ  black_JJ  cock_NN  waited_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  gate_NN  for_IO  Hal's_PPIO2  return_NN  from_IO  school_NN  .  
  some_DD  days_NNS  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  it_PPH1  any_RR  longer_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  would_VM  plan_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  his_APP$  father_NN  to_TO  cancel_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  so_CS  that_CS  his_APP$  bird_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  saved_VBN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  would_VM  mean_VV0  that_CS  Nelly_NP  would_VM  not_XX  turn_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  terrible_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  black_JJ  cock_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  die_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  almost_RR  wished_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  peck_VV0  him_PPHO1  so_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  need_VM  not_XX  love_VV0  it_PPH1  so_RG  much_RR  .  
  Charlie_NP  had_VHD  given_VBN  up_RP  feeding_VBG  his_APP$  because_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  pecked_VBN  him_PPHO1  right_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  nose_NN  .  
  Nelly_NP  had_VHD  thrown_VBN  a_AT1  stone_NN  at_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  shouted_VBN  ,_,  
    your_APP$  days_NNS  are_VBR  numbered_VBN  ,_,  you_PPY  bad_JJ  old_JJ  bird_NN  .    
  then_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  afternoon_NN  when_CS Hal_NP  came_VVD  home_NN1  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  cock_NN  waiting_VBG  by_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  knob_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  door_NN  had_VHD  blood_NN  and_CC  feathers_NNS  stuck_VBN  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shed_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  sick_JJ  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Nelly_NP  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  turn_VV0  into_IO  his_APP$  mama_NN  .  
    why_UH  ,_,  fancy_VV0  you_PPY  remembering_VBG  that_DD1  ,_,  you_PPY  clever_JJ  boy_NN  !_!  
  in_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  I_PPIS1  will_VM  be_VB0  your_APP$  mama_NN  and_CC  cousin_NN  too_RR  .    
  Hal_NP  sat_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  stool_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  work_VV0  this_DD1  out_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,      will_VM  you_PPY  have_VH0  two_MC  heads_NNS  .    and_CC  Nelly_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  
    bless_VV0  the_AT1  boy_NN  .  
  whatever_DDQ  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  thinking_VBG  about_IO  now_RL  .    
  the_AT1  day_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wedding_NN  came_VVD  .  
  Hal_NP  and_CC  Charlie_NP  had_VHD  new_JJ  blue_JJ  shirts_NNS  and_CC  new_JJ  belts_NNS  with_IO  buckles_NNS  to_TO  fasten_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  shaped_VBN  like_IO  snakes_NNS  .  
  Nelly_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  green_JJ  velvet_NN  dress_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  hat_NN  with_IO  pansies_NNS  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  when_CS Hal_NP  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  why_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  wearing_VBG  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  brown_JJ  dress_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  ,_,  
    oh_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  old_JJ  thing_NN  !_!  
  why_UH  the_AT1  moths_NNS  had_VHD  it_PPH1  months_NNS  ago_RR  .    
  the_AT1  cottage_NN  became_VVD  filled_VBN  with_IO  people_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  noisy_JJ  talk_NN  and_CC  laughter_NN  .  
  then_RL  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  all_DB  sat_VVD  down_RP  to_TO  devour_VV0  Hal's_PPIO2  and_CC  Charlie's_PPIO2  birds_NNS  .  
  when_CS Hal_NP  could_VM  bring_VV0  himself_PPX1  to_TO  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  steaming_JJ  brown_JJ  carcasses_NNS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  larger_JJ  his_APP$  bird_NN  was_VBDZ  than_IO  his_APP$  brother's_NN1$  ,_,  and_CC  although_CS  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  a_AT1  great_JJ  sadness_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  feeling_NN  of_IO  pride_NN  as_RR  well_RR  .  
  a_AT1  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  waxed_JJ  moustache_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  mop_NN  of_IO  curly_JJ  damp_JJ  hair_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  Hal_NP  thought_VVD  might_VM  be_VB0  his_APP$  uncle_NN  Fred_NP  ,_,  said_VVD  ,_,  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  fine_JJ  bird_NN  you_PPY  're_VBR  carving_VBG  ,_,  Bert_NP  .    
  Hal_NP  waited_VVD  ,_,  breathless_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  hear_VV0  his_APP$  father_NN  tell_VV0  everyone_PN1  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  his_APP$  bird_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  so_RG  large_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  Bert_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  preoccupied_JJ  with_IO  carving_VBG  to_TO  answer_VV0  .  
  sweat_NN  was_VBDZ  pouring_VBG  down_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  his_APP$  jacket_NN  off_RP  in_IO  company_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  Hal_NP  and_CC  said_VVD  ,_,      you_PPY  'd_VM  like_VV0  a_DA  little_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  breast_NN  and_CC  perhaps_RR  some_DD  stuffing_NN  ,_,  Hal_NP  .    and_CC  the_AT1  boy_NN  replied_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  eat_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  smaller_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  please_UH  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  eat_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dreadful_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  it_PPH1  there_RL  all_RR  cut_VBN  about_RP  .  
  every_AT1  now_RL  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  look_VV0  down_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  at_IO  Nelly_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  there_RL  looking_VBG  flushed_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  pretty_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  in_IO  the_AT1  least_DA  like_IO  his_APP$  mama_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cocks_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  killed_VBN  and_CC  were_VBDR  almost_RR  eaten_VBN  now_RL  and_CC  the_AT1  party_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  going_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  sign_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  return_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  mistake_NN  .  
  the_AT1  last_DA  knife_NN  and_CC  fork_NN  had_VHD  ceased_VBN  to_TO  rattle_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  plate_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  bottle_NN  of_IO  port_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  opened_VBN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  silence_NN  ;_;  then_RL  Hal_NP  braced_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  ask_VV0  ,_,  
    dad_NN  ,_,  whose_WP$I  bird_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  largest_JJT  ,_,  Charlie's_PPIO2  or_CC  mine_PP$  .    
  everyone_PN1  turned_VVD  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  surprise_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  smile_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  them_PPHO1  to_TO  know_VV0  whose_WP$I  had_VHD  been_VBN  that_DD1  splendid_JJ  bird_NN  .  
  Bert_NP  considered_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  remembering_VBG  that_CS  Hal_NP  had_VHD  asked_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  slice_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  bird_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  ,_,  
    they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  real_RG  fine_JJ  birds_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  proud_JJ  to_TO  carve_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  yours_PP$  was_VBDZ  very_RG  tender_JJ  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  Charlie's_PPIO2  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  largest_JJT  .    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  strangest_JJT  courtships_NNS  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  ever_RR  known_VBN    it_PPH1  held_VVD  society_NN  gossips_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  ears_NNS  all_DB  that_DD1  season_NN  .  
  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  Freud_NP  .  
  by_IO  Alec_NP  Waugh_NP  .  
  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  Bob_NP  Peake_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  noticed_VVD  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  place_NN  because_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  other_DA  person_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  pavilion_NN  wearing_VBG  a_AT1  silk_NN  hat_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  excuse_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  come_VBN  on_RP  there_RL  from_IO  a_AT1  wedding_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  gone_VBN  back_RP  and_CC  changed_VVD  had_VHD  I_PPIS1  known_VBN  how_CS conspicuous_JJ  I_PPIS1  should_VM  be_VB0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ten_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  varsity_NN  match_NN  at_IO  Lord's_NNSB2  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  astonished_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  change_NN  ;_;  by_IO  the_AT1  empty_JJ  stands_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  smart_JJ  frocks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  lounge-suited_JB  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  enclosures_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  social_JJ  occasion_NN  ,_,  for_IO  whose_PNQV$  sake_NN  in_IO  remote_JJ  rectories_NNS  mothballs_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  once_RR  shaken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  braided_JJ  coats_NNS  and_CC  wide-brimmed_JJ    toppers_NNS    stripped_VBN  of_IO  their_APP$  tissue_NN  wrappings_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  now_RL  a_AT1  very_RG  ordinary_JJ  cricket_NN  match_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  general_JJ  public_NN  took_VVD  little_DA  interest_NN  .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  walked_VVD  in_IO  my_APP$  sponge-bag_NN  trousers_NNS  and_CC  shining_JJ  hat_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  high_JJ  ,_,  many-windowed_JB  morning_NN  room_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  as_RG  antediluvian_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  curved_JJ  bats_NNS  and_CC  pastoral_JJ  portraits_NNS  that_PNQS adorn_VV0  its_APP$  walls_NNS  :_:  so_RG  antediluvian_JJ  that_CS  as_CS  I_PPIS1  took_VVD  my_APP$  seat_NN  beside_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  other_DA  Edwardian_JJ  survival_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  hackneyed_JJ  Latin_JJ  tag_NN    the_AT1  tongue_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  solecism_NN  now_RL  to_TO  quote_VV0    actually_RR  seemed_VVD  appropriate_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  Lord's_NNSB2  as_CS  the_AT1  pre-war_JB  pages_NNS  of_IO  Punch_NP  presented_VVD  it_PPH1  ;_;  of_IO  Lord's_NNSB2  as_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  known_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  'twenties_MC2  ;_;  the_AT1  tight-packed_JJ  mounds_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  coaches_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  tavern_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  parade_NN  of_IO  parasols_NNS  between_IO  the_AT1  innings_NNS  ;_;  colour_NN  ,_,  excitement_NN  ,_,  glamour_NN  ;_;  and_CC  now_RL  this_DD1  :_:  Homburgs_NP2  and_CC  bowler_NN  hats_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  pavilion_NN  ,_,  long_JJ  terraces_NNS  of_IO  white_NN  beside_IO  the_AT1  screen_NN  .  .  
  nos_&FW  duo_&FW  turba_&FW  sumus_&FW  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  leant_VVD  sideways_RR  towards_IO  my_APP$  fellow_JB  relic_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  ,_,    if_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  see_VV0  your_APP$  scorecard_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1  immediately_RR  forgot_VVD  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  need_NN  for_IO  sartorial_JJ  kinship_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  decided_VBN  my_APP$  choice_NN  of_IO  seat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  striking-looking_JJ  men_NNS  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ever_RR  seen_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  young_JJ  :_:  in_IO  the_AT1  latish_JJ  twenties_MC2  ;_;  and_CC  handsome_JJ  in_IO  a_AT1  clear-skinned_JJ  way_NN  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  merely_RR  his_APP$  good_JJ  looks_NNS  that_PNQS startled_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  explained_VBN  by_IO  any_DD  cataloguing_NN  of_IO  separate_JJ  features_NNS  ;_;  high_JJ  forehead_NN  ,_,  grey-blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  ,_,  full_JJ  mouth_NN  ,_,  long_JJ  pointed_JJ  nose_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  no_RR  more_RG  conscious_JJ  of_IO  those_DD2  separate_JJ  features_NNS  than_CS  one_MC1  is_VBZ  of_IO  the_AT1  pattern_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  transparent_JJ  lampshade_NN  .  
  just_RR  as_CS  there_EX  are_VBR  two_MC  kinds_NNS  of_IO  lampshade_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  whose_PNQV$  object_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  to_TO  retransmit_VV0  a_AT1  softened_JJ  light_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  other_DA  that_PNQS is_VBZ  a_AT1  decoration_NN  ,_,  simply_RR  ;_;  so_RR  are_VBR  there_EX  certain_JJ  types_NNS  of_IO  face_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  in_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  personality_NN  is_VBZ  subservient_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  featured_JJ  mask_NN  of_IO  lip_NN  ,_,  brow_NN  ,_,  cheek_NN  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  gives_VBZ  mobility_NN  and_CC  meaning_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  in_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  are_VBR  so_RG  exclusively_RR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  personality_NN  behind_IO  that_DD1  mask_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  sometimes_RR  find_VV0  yourself_PPX1  unable_JJ  to_TO  describe_VV0  the_AT1  physical_JJ  appearance_NN  of_IO  someone_PN1  with_IO  the_AT1  very_DA  texture_NN  of_IO  whose_PNQV$  thought_NN  you_PPY  are_VBR  familiar_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  that_DD1  now_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  conscious_JJ  not_XX  of_IO  a_AT1  handsome_JJ  face_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  person_NN  ;_;  of_IO  someone_PN1  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  masterful_JJ  but_CCB  unworldly_JJ  ;_;  practical_JJ  but_CCB  inexperienced_JJ  ;_;  masculine_JJ  but_CCB  with_IO  that_DD1  look_NN  of_IO  anticipation_NN  ,_,  of_IO  waiting_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  fulfilled_VBN  that_PNQS you_PPY  expect_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  combination_NN  of_IO  characteristics_NNS  so_RG  self-contradictory_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  obvious_JJ  corollary_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  catalogue_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  :_:  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  mass_NN  of_IO  complexes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  pretty_JJ  case_NN  for_IO  Freud_NP  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  would_VM  have_VH0  expected_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  ,_,  though_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  a_AT1  piece_NN  ,_,  without_IO  self-consciousness_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  man_NN  who_PNQS does_VBZ  not_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  the_AT1  word_NN  shyness_NN  means_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  curious_JJ  ,_,  alert_JJ  ,_,  excited_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  who_PNQS  you_PPY  are_VBR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  lazy_JJ  atmosphere_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  cricket_NN  match_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  easy_JJ  to_TO  start_VV0  a_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  cricket_NN  was_VBDZ  slow_JJ  ,_,  desultory_JJ  ,_,  undramatic_JJ  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  more_RG  interested_JJ  in_IO  our_APP$  talk_NN  than_CS  in_IO  the_AT1  match_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  .  
  his_APP$  talk_NN  had_VHD  the_AT1  same_DA  contradictory_JJ  characteristics_NNS  as_IO  his_APP$  appearance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  boyishly_RR  eager_JJ  ,_,  yet_CF  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  authoritative_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  talk_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  who_PNQS stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  brink_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  was_VBDZ  accustomed_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  exercise_NN  of_IO  authority_NN  .  
  more_RG  baffling_JJ  still_RR  ,_,  though_CS  his_APP$  voice_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  slightly_RR  mannered_JJ  intonation_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  no_AT1  trace_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  drawl_NN  that_PNQS you_PPY  would_VM  expect_VV0  to_TO  find_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  fashionably-dressed_JB  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  puzzle_NN  ,_,  right_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  turret_NN  clock_NN  pointed_VVD  to_IO  five_MC  o'clock_RR  .  
  stumps_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  drawn_VBN  till_IO  half_DB  past_IO  six_MC  .  
  in_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  half_DB  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  something_PN1  about_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  luck_NN  came_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  .  
  an_AT1  exchange_NN  of_IO  ideas_NNS  became_VVD  an_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  point_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  only_RR  be_VB0  settled_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  consultation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  book_NN  of_IO  reference_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  fancied_VBN  the_AT1  book_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  pavilion_NN  library_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  prove_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  ;_;  or_CC  anyhow_RR  ,_,  we_PPIS2  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  happened_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  copy_NN  at_IO  my_APP$  flat_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  five_MC  minutes'_NN2  walk_NN  away_RP  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   go_VV0  back_RP  there_RL  afterwards_RR  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  sherry_NN  .    
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   go_VV0  back_RP  now_RL  .  
  this_DD1  cricket_NN  bores_VBZ  me_PPIO1  .    
  an_AT1  answer_NN  that_PNQS combined_VVD  his_APP$  boyishness_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  authority_NN  ;_;  his_APP$  readiness_NN  to_TO  accept_VV0  new_JJ  suggestions_NNS  with_IO  his_APP$  assumption_NN  that_CS  no_AT1  wish_NN  of_IO  his_PP$  would_VM  be_VB0  contradicted_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  occur_VV0  to_IO  him_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  might_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  stay_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  watch_VV0  the_AT1  cricket_NN  .  
  like_IO  a_AT1  schoolboy_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  he_PPHO1  chattered_VVD  without_IO  stopping_VBG  till_CS  we_PPIS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  large_JJ  ,_,  barrack-shaped_JJ  apartment-house_NN  on_IO  whose_PNQV$  highest_JJT  floor_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  one-room_JB  flat_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  keep_VV0  clothes_NNS  and_CC  papers_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  use_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  office_NN  pied-a*?3-terre_NN  when_CS I_PPIS1  am_VBM  in_IO  London_NP  .  
    is_VBZ  this_DD1  where_CS you_PPY  live_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  nodded_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  inquisitively_RR  at_IO  its_APP$  straight_JJ  sheer_JB  surface_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  seeing_VBG  this_DD1  particular_JJ  kind_NN  of_IO  building_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  ;_;  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  foreigner_NN  obtaining_VBG  the_AT1  material_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  monograph_NN    how_CS London_NP  lives_VBZ    .  
  as_CS  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  cocktail_NN  cabinet_NN  and_CC  set_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  preparation_NN  of_IO  an_AT1    old-fashioned_NN    ,_,  he_PPHO1  deployed_VVD  none_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  diplomatically_RR  assumed_JJ  indifference_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  customary_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  stock_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  room_NN  without_IO  letting_VBG  it_PPH1  appear_VV0  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  conscious_JJ  of_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  one_MC1  .  
  with_IO  an_AT1  unabashed_JJ  curiosity_NN  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  mental_JJ  inventory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  :_:  its_APP$  lighting_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  shelves_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  chairs_NNS  ,_,  its_APP$  pictures_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  jumble_NN  of_IO  knick-knacks_NNS  along_IO  the_AT1  mantelpiece_NN  ;_;  then_RL  started_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  investigation_NN  ,_,  taking_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  peering_VBG  into_IO  an_AT1  etching_NN  ,_,  lifting_VBG  a_AT1  cigarette-box_NN  ;_;  without_IO  comment_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  visiting_VBG  an_AT1  exhibition_NN  ,_,  till_CS  suddenly_RR  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  note_NN  of_IO  real_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  ,_,      what_DDQ  's_VBZ  that_CS  doing_VBG  here_RL  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pointing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  framed_JJ  original_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  jacket_NN  design_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  novels_NNS  .  
    that_DD1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  responsible_JJ  for_IO  that_DD1  .    
    you_PPY  drew_VVD  the_AT1  picture_NN  .    
    no_UH    wrote_VVD  the_AT1  book_NN  .    
    what_DDQ  ,_,  you_PPY  ,_,  the_AT1  author_NN  !_!    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  surprised_JJ  excitement_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  found_VBN  extremely_RR  flattering_JJ  had_VHD  not_XX  experience_NN  counselled_VBN  me_PPIO1  against_IO  a_AT1  readiness_NN  to_TO  believe_VV0  that_CS  here_RL  ,_,  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  the_AT1  perfect_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  dream_NN  reader_NN  whom_WPO  every_AT1  novelist_NN  is_VBZ  convinced_VBN  must_VM  exist_VV0  somewhere_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  one_MC1  reader_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  not_XX  only_RR  read_VBN  everything_PN1  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  written_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  read_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  lines_NNS  .  
  on_IO  those_DD2  rare_JJ  occasions_NNS  I_PPIS1  really_RR  am_VBM  the_AT1  target_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  enthusiasm_NN  is_VBZ  directed_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  usually_RR  to_TO  receive_VV0  some_DD  such_DA  testimonial_NN  as_IO  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  wanting_VBG  to_TO  meet_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  mistake_NN  in_IO  that_DD1  last_DA  book_NN  but_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  yours_PP$  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  longing_VBG  to_TO  point_VV0  out_RP  .  
  on_IO  page_NN  thirty-seven_MC  you_PPY  talk_VV0  about_IO  Mildred's_PPIO2  gas_NN  fire_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  chapter_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  coals_NNS  falling_VBG  through_IO  a_AT1  grate_NN  .  
  now_RL  I_PPIS1  wonder_VV0  if_CS  anyone_PN1  else_RR  has_VHZ  spotted_VBN  that_DD1  .    
  previous_JJ  experience_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  encourage_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  expect_VV0  from_IO  my_APP$  guest's_NN1$  excitement_NN  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  sympathetic_JJ  ,_,  interpretive_JJ  analysis_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  short_JJ  stories_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  disappointed_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  .  
    there_EX  's_VBZ  something_PN1  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  always_RR  wanted_VBN  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  was_VBDZ  Julia_NP  Thirleigh_NP  really_RR  the_AT1  model_NN  for_IO  your_APP$  heroine_NN  .    
    well_UH  .  .    
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  question_NN  that_PNQS usually_RR  a_AT1  novelist_NN  resents_VBZ  ;_;  resents_VBZ  because_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  reply_VV0  honestly_RR  .  
  the_AT1  answer_NN  is_VBZ  always_RR  
    yes_UH  and_CC  No_UH    .  
  no_AT1  full-length_JB  character_NN  is_VBZ  ever_RR  a_AT1  direct_JJ  portrait_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  no_AT1  character_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  alive_JJ  has_VHZ  not_XX  been_VBN  drawn_VBN  in_IO  part_NN  from_IO  life_NN  .  
  a_AT1  trick_NN  of_IO  speech_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  borrowed_VBN  here_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  gesture_NN  there_RL  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  creation_NN  must_VM  start_VV0  somewhere_RR  ;_;  must_VM  have_VH0  some_DD  solid_JJ  foundation_NN  in_IO  experience_NN  .  
  but_CCB  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  the_AT1  story_NN  is_VBZ  quarter_NN  finished_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  novelist_NN  has_VHZ  forgotten_VBN  his_APP$  model_NN  altogether_RR  ;_;  his_APP$  character_NN  has_VHZ  developed_VBN  a_AT1  temperament_NN  and_CC  destiny_NN  of_IO  its_APP$  own_DA  .  
  usually_RR  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  way_NN  it_PPH1  happens_VBZ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  Julia_NP  Thirleigh_NP  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  rather_RR  different_JJ  ;_;  possibly_RR  because_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0    put_VBN    her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  novel_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  less_RRR  a_AT1  story_NN  than_IO  an_AT1  argument_NN  ,_,  that_PNQS requires_VBZ  distinct_JJ  types_NNS  to_TO  contrast_VV0  different_JJ  points_NNS  of_IO  view_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  needed_VVD  a_AT1  character_NN  to_TO  typify_VV0  the_AT1  debutante_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  late_JJ  nineteen-twenties_MC2  ,_,  the_AT1  second_MD  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bright_JJ  young_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  London_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  slump_NN  .  
  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  because_CS  Julia_NP  is_VBZ  herself_PPX1  less_RRR  a_AT1  person_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  type_NN  that_CS  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  finished_VBN  the_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  astonished_VBN  to_TO  find_VV0  how_CS closely_RR  my_APP$  finished_JJ  character_NN  resembled_VVD  the_AT1  model_NN  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  meant_VBN  to_TO  employ_VV0  merely_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  first_MD  sketch_NN  :_:  so_RG  closely_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  see_VV0  how_CS a_AT1  great_JJ  many_DA  people_NNS  could_VM  fail_VV0  to_TO  recognise_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
  through_IO  a_AT1  decade_NN  when_CS young_JJ  women_NNS  not_XX  only_RR  claimed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  asserted_VVD  ,_,  their_APP$  right_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  independence_NN  as_IO  their_APP$  brothers_NNS  ,_,  Julia_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  discussed_JJ  of_IO  those_DD2  Londoners_NP2  whose_PNQV$  activities_NNS  are_VBR  photographed_VBN  week_NN  by_IO  week_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  tatler_NN  and_CC  bystander_NN  and_CC  sketch_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  famous_JJ  as_CS  notorious_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  avoided_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  any_DD  open_JJ  scandal_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  shot_VBN  an_AT1  unfaithful_JJ  suitor_NN  ,_,  been_VBN  convicted_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  drug_NN  addict_NN  or_CC  cited_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  divorce_NN  courts_NNS  .  
  to_IO  that_DD1  extent_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  discreet_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  subpoenaed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  slander_NN  suit_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  heard_VBN  in_IO  camera_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  bottle-parties_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  top-storey_JB  studio_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  free_JJ  fight_NN  with_IO  gate-crashers_NNS  had_VHD  ended_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  crumpled_JJ  figure_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  comment_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  coroner_NN  that_PNQS only_RR  her_APP$  most_RG  loyal_JJ  friends_NNS  held_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  unjustified_JJ  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  no_AT1  open_JJ  scandal_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  clothes_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  worn_VBN  ,_,  the_AT1  company_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  kept_VBN  ,_,  her_APP$  manner_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  habits_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  whole_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  living_NN  had_VHD  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  label_NN  that_PNQS made_VVD  her_PPHO1  current_JJ  coin_NN  in_IO  any_DD  argument_NN  .  
    well_UH  now_RL  ,_,  take_VV0  somebody_PN1  like_IO  Julia_NP  .    and_CC  when_CS people_NNS  said_VVD  that_DD1  ,_,  no_PN1  one_PN  had_VHD  any_DD  doubt_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  meant_VBN  .  
  prudence_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  friendship_NN  counselled_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  show_VV0  my_APP$  manuscript_NN  to_IO  Julia_NP  before_CS  I_PPIS1  delivered_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  my_APP$  publisher_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  it_PPH1  with_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  typical_JJ  remark_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  use_VV0  Blue-grass_NP  .    
    is_VBZ  that_DD1  your_APP$  only_DA  comment_NN  .    
    my_APP$  only_DA  criticism_NN  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  there_RL  that_PNQS you_PPY  object_VV0  to_IO  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    why_CS should_VM  there_EX  be_VB0  .    
    well_UH  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
    is_VBZ  there_EX  anything_PN1  in_IO  your_APP$  book_NN  that_PNQS people_NNS  have_VH0  n't_XX  said_VBN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  and_CC  believed_VBN  about_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  difference_NN  between_IO  gossip_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  thing_NN  said_VBN  in_IO  print_NN  .    
    if_CS  your_APP$  publishers_NNS  are_VBR  afraid_JJ  of_IO  libel_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  write_VV0  them_PPHO1  a_AT1  letter_NN  of_IO  absolution_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  scarcely_RR  deny_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  used_VBN  Julia_NP  as_IO  a_AT1  model_NN  ,_,  yet_CF  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  reluctant_JJ  to_TO  admit_VV0  that_CS  my_APP$  character_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  photograph_NN  .  
    in_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  way_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  did_VDD  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  always_RR  heard_VBN  you_PPY  did_VDD  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  certain_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  know_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  lunching_VBG  with_IO  her_PPHO1  yesterday_NN1  .    
    yesterday_NN1  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  regarded_VVD  me_PPIO1  with_IO  a_AT1  strange_JJ  veneration_NN  ,_,  as_CS  though_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  haloed_VBN  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  light_JJ  as_CS  had_VHD  transfigured_VBN  Moses_NP  on_IO  his_APP$  descent_NN  from_IO  Sinai_NP  .  
    yesterday_NN1  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  hardly_RR  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  heard_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  about_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  read_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  about_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  strange_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  meeting_VBG  somebody_PN1  who_PNQS really_RR  knows_VBZ  her_PPHO1  .  
  is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  as_RG  beautiful_JJ  as_IO  her_APP$  photographs_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  all_DB  so_RG  different_JJ  .  **"_**'  complete_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  May_NP  Somerset_NP  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  invented_VVD  George_NP  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  young_JJ    and_CC  alone_JJ    in_IO  Paris_NP  .  .  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  could_VM  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  do_VD0  but_CS  pretend_VV0  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  love_NN  .  
  Judy_NP  stuck_VVD  it_PPH1  for_IO  two_MC  days_NNS  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  revolted_VVD  .  
  and_CC  ,_,  being_VBG  Judy_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  she_PPHO1  must_VM  do_VD0  something_PN1  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  coming_VBG  to_IO  Paris_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  biggest_JJT  thrill_NN  in_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  twenty_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  got_VBN  the_AT1  chance_NN  when_CS \0Mr_NNSB1  Cartwright's_PPIO2  personal_JJ  assistant_NN  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  ill_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  moment_NN  .  
  Judy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  worked_VBN  under_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  knew_VVD  more_DA  about_IO  what_DDQ  this_DD1  Paris_NP  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  about_IO  than_IO  anyone_PN1  else_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN    apart_IO  from_II  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cartwright_NP  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  at_IO  two_MC  days'_NN2  notice_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  off_RP  to_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  Paris_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN  !_!  
  with_IO  mist_NN  rising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  Seine_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  morning_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  cafes_NNS  gaily_RR  spilling_VBG  out_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  pavements_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  midday_NN  sunshine_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  Notre_NP  Dame_NP  from_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  window_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  Arc_NP  de_&FW  Triomphe_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  where_CS the_AT1  conference_NN  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  held_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  fabulous_JJ  .  
  walking_VBG  to_IO  work_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  sing_VV0  .  
  at_IO  lunch_NN  time_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  torn_VBN  between_IO  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  window_VV0  shop_VB"  and_CC  just_RR  sit_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  cafe_NN  table_NN  and_CC  watch_VV0  the_AT1  world_NN  go_VV0  by_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  the_AT1  trouble_NN  .  
  strolling_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  ,_,  exploring_VBG  Montmartre_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  de_&FW  Cite_NP  was_VBDZ  possible_JJ  only_RR  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  company_NN  .  
  alone_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  as_CS  Judy_NP  had_VHD  found_VBN  out_RP  .  
  another_DD1  girl_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  done_VBN  ;_;  or_CC  an_AT1  aunt_NN  or_CC  uncle_NN  ,_,  father_NN  or_CC  mother_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  did_VDD  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  ;_;  though_CS  ,_,  naturally_RR  ,_,  that_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  better_JJ  still_RR  .  
  Judy_NP  knew_VVD  no_PN1  one_PN  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  except_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cartwright_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  every_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  and_CC  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  ,_,  anyway_RR  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  sixty_MC  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  certainly_RR  was_VBDZ  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  spend_VV0  ten_MC  glorious_JJ  evenings_NNS  sitting_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
  so_RR  ,_,  something_PN1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  something_PN1  she_PPHO1  could_VM  do_VD0  .  
  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  possibility_NN  of_IO  something_PN1  .  
  being_VBG  Judy_NP  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  enough_DD  .  
  one_MC1  other_DA  person_NN  shared_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  given_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  actually_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  conference_NN  chamber_NN  taking_VBG  notes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  personal_JJ  assistant_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  leader_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  English_JJ  delegation_NN  .  
  his_APP$  name_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  was_VBDZ  Charles_NP  Hanson_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tall_JJ  and_CC  lean_JJ  and_CC  quite_RR  heart-stoppingly_RR  handsome_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  if_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  looked_VBN  so_RG  solemn_JJ  all_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sat_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  from_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  concentrated_VVD  on_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  .  
  obviously_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  immune_JJ  to_IO  females_NNS  or_CC  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  intent_JJ  on_IO  giving_VBG  that_DD1  impression_NN  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  possibility_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  afternoon_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  stay_NN  Judy_NP  was_VBDZ  desperate_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  another_DD1  wasted_JJ  evening_NN  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  scare_VV0  the_AT1  poor_JJ  man_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  neither_RR  did_VDD  she_PPHO1  want_VV0  to_TO  give_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  impression_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    that_DD1    type_NN  of_IO  girl_NN  .  
  all_DB  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  companion_NN  so_CS  that_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  move_VV0  freely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  evenings_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  make_VV0  quite_RR  ,_,  quite_RR  sure_JJ  there_EX  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  any_DD  misunderstanding_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  invented_VVD  George_NP  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  perhaps_RR  not_XX  quite_RR  invented_VBN  .  
  because_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  George_NP  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  England_NP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  proudly_RR  announce_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ    her_APP$  fellow_NN  ,_,    and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  need_NN  to_TO  explain_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  five_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  and_CC  her_APP$  nephew_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  bargain_NN  .  
  coming_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  after_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,  Judy_NP  stood_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  big_JJ  window_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  desk_NN  .  
  below_II  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  Champs_NP  Elysees_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  cars_NNS  glittered_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pedestrians_NNS  were_VBDR  dappled_VBN  by_IO  leaf_NN  shadows_NNS  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  abruptly_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  round_RP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  George_NP  was_VBDZ  here_RL  .    
    eh_UH  .    
  Charles_NP  Hanson_NP  was_VBDZ  already_RR  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  a_AT1  trifle_NN  startled_JJ  .  
  Judy_NP  crossed_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  desk_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  wished_VVD  George_NP  was_VBDZ  here_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  .  
    he_PPHO1    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  someone_PN1  I_PPIS1  go_VV0  about_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  so_RG  heavenly_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  about_RP  with_IO  here_RL  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  with_IO  your_APP$  evenings_NNS  here_RL  .    
    er_UH    so_RG  far_RR  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  gone_VBN  for_IO  walks_NNS  .    
    are_VBR  you_PPY  going_VBG  for_IO  one_MC1  tonight_NN1  .    
    I_PPIS1    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  doing_VBG  that_DD1  .    
    by_IO  yourself_PPX1  .    
  he_PPHO1  straightened_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  .  
    certainly_RR  by_IO  myself_PPX1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  anyone_PN1  in_IO  Paris_NP  .    
    neither_RR  do_VD0  I_PPIS1  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  trouble_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  launched_VVD  herself_PPX1  into_IO  her_APP$  plan_NN  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO  you_PPY  ;_;  you_PPY  can_VM  go_VV0  for_IO  walks_NNS  by_IO  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  explore_VV0  anywhere_RR  you_PPY  like_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  ;_;  not_XX  alone_JJ  .  
  people_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO    to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  really_RR  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  alone_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  go_VV0  crazy_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  to_TO  spend_VV0  every_AT1  single_JJ  evening_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  in_IO  Paris_NP  just_RR  sitting_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  may_VM  never_RR  get_VV0  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  here_RL  again_RR  .  
    it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  all_RR  right_RR  if_CS    George_NP  was_VBDZ  here_RL  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  .  
  so_RR  please_UH  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  go_VV0  for_IO  your_APP$  walk_NN  ,_,  may_VM  I_PPIS1  come_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .    
    good_JJ  heavens_NNS  !_!  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  never_RR  thought_VVD  of_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  imagined_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VM  have_VH0  lots_NNS  of_IO  friends_NNS  ;_;  be_VB0  out_RP  every_AT1  night_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  ,_,    she_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  came_VVD  at_IO  two_MC  days'_NN2  notice_NN  ,_,  so_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  even_RR  time_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  if_CS  anyone_PN1  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  had_VHD  friends_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  George_NP  has_VHZ  n't_XX  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  keep_VV0  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  foreground_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  never_RR  been_VBN  to_IO  Paris_NP  .    
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  anyhow_RR  .  
    would_VM  n't_XX  George_NP  mind_VV0  if_CS  you_PPY  came_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
  Judy_NP  felt_VVD  her_APP$  colour_NN  rising_VBG  .  
  thank_VV0  goodness_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  means_NNS  of_IO  knowing_VBG  she_PPHO1  always_RR  did_VDD  blush_VV0  furiously_RR  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  even_RR  the_AT1  tiniest_JJT  and_CC  whitest_JJT  of_IO  lies_NNS  !_!  
    well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  rather_RR  like_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_IO  himself_PPX1  .    
  that_DD1  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  .  
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  waste_VV0  all_DB  my_APP$  evenings_NNS  here_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  so_RG  much_DA  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  buses_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  Metro_NP  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  Montmartre_NP  and_CC  along_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  bank_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  river_NN  trip_NN  .    
  then_RL  a_AT1  thought_NN  struck_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  invented_VBN  George_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  Charles_NP  Hanson_NP  might_VM  have_VH0  someone_PN1  who_PNQS would_VM  prefer_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  spend_VV0  his_APP$  evenings_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  in_IO  lonely_JJ  solitude_NN  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  someone_PN1  who_PNQS might_VM  not_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  .  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  Peggy_NP  would_VM  take_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  idea_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  here_RL  ,_,  is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  .    
  suddenly_RR  he_PPHO1  grinned_VVD  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  'll_VM  risk_VV0  George_NP  finding_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  the_AT1  same_DA  with_IO  Peggy_NP  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  as_IO  you_PPY  obviously_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  around_RP  by_IO  yourself_PPX1  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  boor_NN  to_TO  condemn_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  your_APP$  hotel_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  evenings_NNS  in_IO  Paris_NP  .  
    so_RR  ,_,  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  six_MC  o'clock_RR  ,_,  providing_CS  this_DD1  afternoon's_NN1$  conference_NN  does_VBZ  n't_XX  run_VV0  late_RR  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  both_DB2  be_VB0  there_RL  .  .    
  they_PPHS2  met_VVD  at_IO  six_MC  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  elevators_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  floor_NN  .  
  Charles_NP  grinned_VVD  again_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  came_VVD  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  Judy_NP  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  thinking_VBG  that_CS  this_DD1  Peggy_NP  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  lucky_JJ  .  
  plainly_RR  ,_,  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  shy_JJ  at_RR  first_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS his_APP$  smile_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  wide_JJ  and_CC  friendly_JJ  you_PPY  just_RR  had_VHD  to_TO  like_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  as_RG  far_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  evening_NN  was_VBDZ  concerned_VBN  ,_,  her_APP$  plan_NN  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  worked_VBN  better_RRR  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  in_IO  thinking_VBG  that_CS  Paris_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  companion_NN  ,_,  would_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  simply_RR  wonderful_JJ  place_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  ate_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  Place_NNL1  de_&FW  Republique_NP  and_CC  then_RL  went_VVD  up_RP  to_IO  Montmartre_NP  and_CC  found_VVD  a_AT1  fair_NN  going_VBG  on_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  and_CC  laughed_VVD  with_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  coffee_NN  at_IO  several_DA  different_JJ  cafes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  looked_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  twinkling_JJ  lights_NNS  of_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  steep_JJ  streets_NNS  and_CC  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  marvellous_JJ  !_!    
  there_EX  were_VBDR  stars_NNS  in_IO  Judy's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  exactly_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  .    
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  down_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  bring_VV0  George_NP  here_RL  ,_,  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  and_CC  show_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  fun_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  with_IO  .    
  because_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  such_DA  a_AT1  stab_NN  of_IO  guilt_NN  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  quickly_RR  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  greatest_JJT  fun_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  will_VM  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  day_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  grey-haired_JJ  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  old_JJ  enough_RGA  and_CC  probably_RR  still_RR  a_AT1  spinster_NN  .  
    will_VM  you_PPY  bring_VV0  Peggy_NP  ,_,  too_RR  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  so_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  going_VBG  abroad_RR  too_RG  complicated_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  content_JJ  with_IO  Britain_NP  .    
  so_RR  Paris_NP  could_VM  stay_VV0    theirs_PP$  .    
  Judy_NP  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  her_APP$  heart_NN  giving_VBG  a_AT1  little_JJ  leap_NN  .  
  neither_RR  could_VM  she_PPHO1  help_VV0  the_AT1  malicious_JJ  little_JJ  thought_NN  that_CS  Peggy_NP  sounded_VVD  both_DB2  drab_JJ  and_CC  dreary_JJ  .  
  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  certainly_RR  neither_LE  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  task_NN  several_DA  times_NNS  during_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ,_,  however_RR  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  thrust_VBN  herself_PPX1  on_RP  to_IO  Charles_NP  when_CS ,_,  quite_RR  obviously_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  every_AT1  intention_NN  of_IO  staying_VBG  solitarily_RR  true_JJ  to_IO  Peggy_NP  .  
  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  unfair_JJ  to_IO  Peggy_NP  would_VM  be_VB0  mean_JJ  and_CC  despicable_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  difficult_JJ  to_TO  remember_VV0  that_DD1  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  seated_VBN  ,_,  shoulder_NN  to_IO  shoulder_NN  ,_,  on_IO  a_AT1  boat_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  Seine_NP  and_CC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  moon_NN  overhead_RR  .  
  neither_RR  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  easy_JJ  when_CS they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  and_CC  their_APP$  hands_NNS  touched_VVD  and_CC  linked_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  before_CS  she_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  hers_PP$  away_RP  .  
    George_NP  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    and_CC  Peggy_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  retorted_VVD  ,_,  almost_RR  sharply_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  a_RR  little_RR  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  right_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  evening_NN  ,_,  has_VHZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    wonderful_JJ  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  extraordinary_JJ  how_CS it_PPH1  could_VM  hurt_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  just_RR  one_MC1  word_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  silly_JJ    and_CC  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  admitted_VBN  things_NNS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  admit_VV0  if_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  refused_VBN  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  with_IO  him_PPHO1  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  so_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  week-end_NN  they_PPHS2  explored_VVD  further_RRR  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Cloud_NP  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  Versailles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  continued_VVD  to_TO  shine_VV0  and_CC  Judy_NP  wore_VVD  the_AT1  summer_NN  dresses_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  packed_VBN  with_IO  so_RG  much_DA  excitement_NN  .  
  but_CCB  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  back_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  room_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  to_IO  standing_NN  at_IO  her_APP$  window_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  ,_,  leaning_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  sill_NN  and_CC  looking_VBG  out_RP  at_IO  Paris_NP  as_CS  it_PPH1  slept_VVD  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  storing_VBG  it_PPH1  all_DB  up_RP  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  though_CS  now_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  hurt_VV0  unbearably_RR  every_AT1  time_NN  she_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  go_VV0  on_RP  remembering_VBG  it_PPH1  all_DB  her_APP$  life_NN  .  
  perhaps_RR  Charles_NP  would_VM  remember_VV0  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  have_VH0  his_APP$  Peggy_NP  who_PNQS never_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  leave_VV0  England_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  certainly_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  missing_VBG  .  
  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  lucky_JJ  ;_;  this_DD1  could_VM  fade_VV0  to_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  someone_PN1  to_TO  put_VV0  in_IO  its_APP$  place_NN  .  
  but_CCB  she_PPHO1    well_UH  ,_,  George_NP  ,_,  at_IO  five_MC  years_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  promise_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  much_DA  help_NN  ,_,  even_CS  though_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  love_VV0  him_PPHO1  so_RG  much_RR  .  
  rather_RR  ostentatiously_RR  she_PPHO1  bought_VVD  postcards_NNS  for_IO  George_NP  everywhere_RR  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  .  
  if_CS  Charles_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  buy_VV0  them_PPHO1  for_IO  Peggy_NP  ,_,  could_VM  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .  
  inevitably_RR  their_APP$  last_DA  day_NN  came_VVD  ,_,  their_APP$  last_DA  evening_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  're_VBR  doing_VBG  a_AT1  show_NN  tonight_NN1  ,_,    Charles_NP  informed_VVD  her_PPHO1  masterfully_RR  .  
    and_CC  a_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  afterwards_RR  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  George_NP  without_IO  sampling_VBG  that_DD1  side_NN  of_IO  Paris_NP  night_NN  life_NN  .    
  actually_RR  Judy_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  enjoy_VV0  it_PPH1  very_RG  much_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  remembering_VBG  that_CS  tomorrow_NN1  night_NN  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  home_NN1  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  would_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  Charles_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  own_DA  fault_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  started_VBN  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  got_VBN  hurt_VBN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  else_RR  to_TO  blame_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  lonely_JJ  after_IO  tonight_NN1  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  loneliness_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  crept_VBN  into_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  already_RR  .  
  after_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  for_IO  some_DD  time_NN  they_PPHS2  fell_VVD  silent_JJ  .  
  Judy_NP  watched_VVD  the_AT1  dancers_NNS  firmly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  n't_XX  blink_VV0  or_CC  the_AT1  tears_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  might_VM  spill_VV0  over_RP  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  Charles_NP  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  at_IO  her_APP$  averted_JJ  face_NN  .  
    ready_JJ  to_TO  go_VV0  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  suddenly_RR  .  
    quite_RR  ready_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  rose_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  but_CCB  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  outside_RP  neither_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  made_VVD  any_DD  attempt_NN  to_TO  turn_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
  the_AT1  night_NN  club_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Montmartre_NP  and_CC  ,_,  wordlessly_RR  ,_,  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  up_RP  towards_IO  the_AT1  Sacre_NP  Coeur_NP  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  shadow_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ  church_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  down_RP  over_IO  Paris_NP  .  
  the_AT1  moon_NN  was_VBDZ  paling_VBG  ;_;  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  almost_RR  dawn_NN  .  
  Charles_NP  said_VVD  softly_RR  :_:  
    shall_VM  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  the_AT1  sunrise_NN  .  
  everyone_PN1  should_VM  do_VD0  that_DD1  once_RR  .    
  so_RR  they_PPHS2  waited_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  gradually_RR  the_AT1  sky_NN  turned_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  pale_JJ  green_NN  and_CC  then_RL  to_IO  pink_NN  and_CC  then_RL  to_IO  misty_JJ  gold_NN  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  envelop_VV0  everything_PN1  .  
  Judy_NP  knew_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  move_NN  towards_IO  Charles_NP  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
    tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  how_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  .  
  did_VDD  Weir_NP  bring_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  before_CS  Linda_NP  could_VM  make_VV0  any_DD  reply_NN  Ralph_NP  Batley's_PPIO2  voice_NN  cut_VVD  in_RP  sharply_RR  from_IO  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  uncle_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  MacNally_NP  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1      the_AT1  hand_NN  came_VVD  past_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  rested_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  boy's_NN1$  head_NN      this_DD1  is_VBZ  my_APP$  nephew_NN  ,_,  Michael_NP  .    
  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  acknowledge_VV0  the_AT1  introductions_NNS  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  :_:  
    take_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Metcalfe_NP  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  Uncle_NNSB1  Shane_NP  .    
    aye_UH  ,_,  Ralph_NP  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  that_DD1  .  
  will_VM  you_PPY  come_VV0  along_RP  now_RL  .    
  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  backed_VVD  away_RP  from_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  one_MC1  arm_NN  extended_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  courtly_JJ  gesture_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  inclined_VBN  to_TO  laugh_VV0  .  
  from_IO  first_MD  impressions_NNS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  think_VV0  she_PPHO1  would_VM  get_VV0  many_DA  laughs_NNS  from_IO  her_APP$  employer_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  this_DD1  old_JJ  man_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  bubbling_VBG  with_IO  a_AT1  peculiar_JJ  sense_NN  of_IO  joy_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  yard_NN  the_AT1  wind_NN  tore_VVD  at_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  steadied_VVD  her_PPHO1  with_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  elbow_NN  he_PPHO1  yelled_VVD  :_:  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  long_RR  come_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  away_RP  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  field_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  fence_NN  is_VBZ  flat_JJ  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  just_RR  arrived_VBN  .    
    then_RL  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  been_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  high_JJ  with_IO  surprise_NN  .  
    no_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  feel_VV0  his_APP$  bewilderment_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  wondered_VVD  about_IO  your_APP$  case_NN  there_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  out_RP  his_APP$  hand_NN  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  let_VVD  him_PPHO1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  from_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    did_VDD  Weir_NP  bring_VV0  you_PPY  up_RP  .  
  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  say_VV0  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Weir_NP  was_VBDZ  out_RP  .    
    you_PPY  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  got_VBN  here_RL  afore_IO  dark_NN  then_RL  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  lost_VVD  my_APP$  way_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  another_DD1  farm_NN  .  
  the_AT1  name_NN      she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  ,_,  then_RL  went_VVD  on_RP      the_AT1  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Cadwell_NP  .    
  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  abrupt_JJ  stop_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  hand_NN  came_VVD  off_IO  her_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  and_CC  said_VVD  :_:  
    Michael_NP  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  take_VV0  hold_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  case_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  on_RP  up_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lamp_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  boy's_NN1$  hands_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  added_VVD  :_:  
    away_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  now_RL  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  until_CS  the_AT1  child_NN  had_VHD  moved_VBN  off_RP  that_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quickly_RR  :_:  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  a_AT1  Cadwell_NP  brought_VVD  you_PPY  up_RP  here_RL  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  young_JJ  man_NN  .  
  Rouse_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  his_APP$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  .    
    you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1    Ralph_NP  back_RP  there_RL  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  any_DD  reason_NN  not_XX  to_TO  .  
  what_DDQ  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  done_VBN  wrong_JJ  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tremor_NN  of_IO  apprehension_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  voice_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Cadwell_NP  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Batley_NP  were_VBDR  at_IO  loggerheads_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  terribly_RR  sorry_JJ  if_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  caused_VBN      
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  were_VBDR  n't_XX  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  girl_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  how_CS Maggie_NP  will_VM  take_VV0  this_DD1  .  
  come_VV0  ,_,    and_CC  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  hold_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  arm_NN  again_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  walking_VBG  along_IO  a_AT1  broad_JJ  flagged_JJ  terrace_NN  now_RL  and_CC  the_AT1  wind_NN  was_VBDZ  meeting_VBG  them_PPHO1  head-on_RR  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  the_AT1  porch_NN  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  stood_VVD  panting_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  before_CS  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  off_RP  me_APP$  boots_NNS  .  
  Maggie_NP  would_VM  brain_VV0  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  in_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  boots_NNS  on_RP  .    
  then_RL  bending_VBG  towards_IO  Linda_NP  he_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  :_:  
    wipe_VV0  your_APP$  feet_NNS      
  feeling_VBG  very_RG  like_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  ,_,  Linda_NP  did_VDD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  requested_VBN  ,_,  while_CS  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  hop_VV0  from_IO  one_MC1  stockinged_JJ  foot_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  over_IO  the_AT1  cold_JJ  stone_NN  flags_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  the_AT1  reason_NN  was_VBDZ  made_VBN  plain_JJ  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  floor_NN  on_RP  to_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  was_VBDZ  polished_VBN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  before_II  seen_VBN  a_AT1  floor_NN  polished_VBN  .  
  but_CCB  her_APP$  attention_NN  was_VBDZ  lifted_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  which_DDQ  opened_VVD  out_RP  before_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  in_IO  size_NN  and_CC  shape_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  exact_JJ  replica_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Cadwells'_NPS$  house_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  large_JJ  open_JJ  fireplace_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  same_DA  winding_JJ  staircase_NN  going_VBG  off_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  left_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  balcony_NN  running_VBG  from_IO  it_PPH1  along_IO  the_AT1  entire_JB  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  wall_NN  ;_;  yet_RR  for_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  similarity_NN  this_DD1  hall_NN  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  other's_$  charm_NN  .  
  a_AT1  long_JJ  black_JJ  oak_NN  refectory_NN  table_NN  ran_VVD  lengthways_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  standing_VBG  with_IO  her_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_IO  medium_JB  height_NN  with_IO  greying_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  two_MC  patches_NNS  of_IO  red_NN  high_RR  on_IO  her_APP$  cheek_NN  bones_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  expression_NN  checked_VVD  Linda's_PPIO2  progress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Cadwells_NP2  had_VHD  looked_VBN  at_IO  her_PPHO1  each_DD1  in_IO  their_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  .  
  Ralph_NP  Batley's_PPIO2  appraisal_NN  had_VHD  shown_VBN  his_APP$  surprise_NN  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  had_VHD  greeted_VBN  her_PPHO1  gleefully_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  boy_NN  with_IO  wonder_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  this_DD1  woman's_NN1$  look_NN  was_VBDZ  so_RG  different_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  quick_JJ  decision_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  finding_VBG  the_AT1  process_NN  difficult_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  woman_NN  was_VBDZ  now_RL  coming_VBG  towards_IO  Linda_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  you_PPY  've_VH0  had_VHN  to_TO  find_VV0  your_APP$  own_DA  way_NN  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  come_VV0  at_IO  two_MC  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  maybe_RR  .  anyway_RR  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  leave_VV0  the_AT1  calving_NN  .    
  the_AT1  woman's_NN1$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  soft_JJ  and_CC  thick_JJ  and_CC  pleasant_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  before_CS  Linda_NP  could_VM  say_VV0  anything_PN1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  turned_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  crying_VBG  :_:  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  your_APP$  fault_NN  .  
  where_CS d'_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  've_VH0  been_VBN  .    
    now_RL  Maggie_NP  ,_,  whisht_VV0  a_AT1  while_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  field_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  railings_NNS  as_RG  flat_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  pancake_NN  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  me_PPIO1  let_VV0  the_AT1  cattle_NNS  get_VV0  through_RP  ,_,  now_RL  would_VM  you_PPY  .    
    oh_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  impatiently_RR  then_RL  turned_VVD  to_IO  Linda_NP  saying_VBG  :_:  
    well_UH  ,_,  come_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  come_VV0  in_RP  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  have_VH0  your_APP$  coat_NN  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  frozen_VBN  .    
  as_CS  Linda_NP  took_VVD  off_RP  her_APP$  coat_NN  Shane_NP  ,_,  tripping_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  fire-place_NN  like_IO  an_AT1  aged_JJ  gnome_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  gaily_RR  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  her_APP$  hand_NN  in_RP  already_RR  ,_,  Maggie_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  helping_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  calving_NN  .    
    helping_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  calving_NN  .    
  the_AT1  woman_NN  looked_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  her_PPHO1  incredulously_RR  .  
  Linda_NP  ,_,  going_VBG  hot_JJ  with_IO  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  come_VV0  ,_,  said_VVD  hesitantly_RR  :_:  
    apparently_RR  I_PPIS1  came_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  back_JB  way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  byre_NN  .    
    you_PPY  came_VVD  in_RP  the_AT1  back_JB  way_NN  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  road_NN  .    
    yes_UH  .    
    oh_UH  .    
  she_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  at_IO  Linda_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  smile_NN  now_RL  softening_VBG  her_APP$  face_NN  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Weir_NP  brought_VVD  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  .    
    no_UH  .  
  Weir_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  turned_VVD  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  towards_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  balcony_NN  through_IO  which_DDQ  Ralph_NP  Batley_NP  was_VBDZ  entering_VBG  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  slowly_RR  across_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  to_IO  no_PN1  one_PN  in_RR  particular_RR  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  road_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  him_PPHO1  reach_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  high_JJ  mantelshelf_NN  and_CC  take_VV0  a_AT1  pipe_NN  from_IO  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  wooden_JJ  rack_NN  ,_,  then_RL  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  .  
  but_CCB  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  remained_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  pipe_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  heavily_RR  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  forked_VVD  right_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  cliff_NN  end_NN  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley's_PPIO2  brown_JJ  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  wide_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  unmistakably_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  fear_NN  in_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  Ralph_NP  Batley_NP  turned_VVD  from_IO  his_APP$  mother's_NN1$  gaze_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  now_RL  and_CC  lifting_VBG  his_APP$  foot_NN  he_PPHO1  thrust_VVD  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  blazing_JJ  logs_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  shower_NN  of_IO  sparks_NNS  sprayed_VVD  around_IO  the_AT1  chimney_NN  .  
  then_RL  taking_VBG  a_AT1  home-made_JJ  spill_NN  from_IO  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  bunch_NN  and_CC  putting_VBG  it_PPH1  towards_IO  the_AT1  blaze_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  coldly_RR  :_:  
    our_APP$  neighbours_NNS  were_VBDR  kind_JJ  enough_RGA  to_TO  bring_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  top_JB  gate_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  attempting_VBG  to_TO  light_VV0  an_AT1  empty_JJ  pipe_NN  .  
  realising_VBG  this_DD1  he_PPHO1  threw_VVD  the_AT1  spill_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  cover_VV0  up_RP  his_APP$  mistake_NN  ,_,  said_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  poor_JJ  attempt_NN  at_IO  lightness_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  forgetting_VBG  ,_,  you_PPY  have_VH0  n't_XX  met_VBN  my_APP$  mother_NN  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley's_PPIO2  response_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  say_VV0  quietly_RR  :_:  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  wanting_VBG  a_AT1  wash_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  come_VV0  up_RP  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  about_RP  and_CC  walked_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  Linda_NP  ,_,  picking_VBG  up_RP  her_APP$  case_NN  ,_,  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  up_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  along_IO  the_AT1  balcony_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  far_JJ  end_NN  .  
  there_RL  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  opened_VVD  a_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  over_IO  her_APP$  shoulder_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  quite_RR  comfortable_JJ  .    
  Linda_NP  moved_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  then_RL  turning_VBG  quickly_RR  about_RP  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  older_JJ  woman_NN  appealingly_RR  and_CC  said_VVD  under_IO  her_APP$  breath_NN  :_:  
    \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  done_VBN  something_PN1  wrong_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  then_RL  stepping_VBG  into_IO  the_AT1  bedroom_NN  and_CC  closing_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  too_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  you_PPY  had_VHD  to_TO  start_VV0  like_IO  this_DD1  .  
  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  ask_VV0  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  keep_VV0  away_RP  from_IO  the_AT1      she_PPHO1  paused_VVD  here_RL  ,_,  then_RL  brought_VVD  out_RP      the_AT1  Cadwells_NP2  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  work_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  in_IO  peace_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  even_RR  mention_VV0  their_APP$  name_NN  .  
  and_CC  another_DD1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  would_VM  ask_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  do_VD0  your_APP$  best_JJT  for_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  he_PPHO1  never_RR  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  woman_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  for_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  quite_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  expected_VVD  .    
  she_PPHO1  held_VVD  up_RP  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    no_AT1  offence_NN  meant_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  exactly_RR  cut_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  this_DD1  life_NN  .  
  still_RR  ,_,  time_NN  will_VM  tell_VV0  .  
  come_VV0  down_RP  when_CS you_PPY  're_VBR  ready_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  quickly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  leaving_VBG  Linda_NP  staring_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  closed_JJ  door_NN  in_IO  bewilderment_NN  .  
  slowly_RR  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  and_CC  looked_VVD  about_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  held_VVD  some_DD  comfort_NN  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  wood_NN  fire_NN  burning_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  grate_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  furniture_NN  was_VBDZ  old-fashioned_JJ  but_CCB  solid_JJ  and_CC  shining_VBG  .  
  the_AT1  floor_NN  was_VBDZ  bare_JJ  wood_NN  and_CC  again_RR  highly_RR  polished_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  before_IO  the_AT1  hearth_NN  and_CC  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  were_VBDR  two_MC  clippie_NN  rugs_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  stood_VVD  her_APP$  trunk_NN  and_CC  two_MC  cases_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  then_RL  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  room_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  comfortable_JJ  and_CC  homely_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  all_DB  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  sit_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  cry_VV0  .  
  Linda_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  unpack_VV0  but_CCB  washed_VVD  herself_PPX1  and_CC  combed_VVD  her_APP$  hair_NN  .  
  yet_RR  fifteen_MC  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  when_CS she_PPHO1  went_VVD  quietly_RR  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  dressed_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  ball_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  turned_VVD  and_CC  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  approach_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  table_NN  was_VBDZ  set_VBN  now_RL  with_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  cloth_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  laden_VBN  with_IO  food_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  apologetically_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  n't_XX  kept_VBN  you_PPY  all_DB  waiting_VBG  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  just_RR  going_VBG  to_TO  start_VV0  .  
  come_VV0  and_CC  sit_VV0  down_RP  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  took_VVD  her_APP$  seat_NN  at_IO  one_MC1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  and_CC  indicated_VVD  a_AT1  chair_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Linda_NP  had_VHD  always_RR  considered_VBN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  appetite_NN  although_CS  she_PPHO1  may_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  shown_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  her_APP$  figure_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  attempt_VV0  to_TO  eat_VV0  half_DB  of_IO  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  offered_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  little_DA  talking_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  except_CS  at_IO  one_MC1  stage_NN  when_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  asked_VVD  :_:  
    are_VBR  your_APP$  parents_NNS  in_IO  farming_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  uncle_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  mother's_NN1$  brother_NN  ,_,  manages_VBZ  a_AT1  farm_NN  .    
  no_PN1  one_PN  made_VVD  any_DD  comment_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  put_VVD  in_RP  quickly_RR  :_:  
    well_UH  if_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  all_DB  had_VHN  sufficient_JJ  you_PPY  can_VM  make_VV0  a_AT1  move_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .    
  Linda's_PPIO2  help_NN  was_VBDZ  accepted_VBN  by_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  without_IO  comment_NN  .  
  when_CS some_DD  time_NN  later_RRR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  drying_VBG  the_AT1  dishes_NNS  that_PNQS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  had_VHD  washed_VBN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  searching_VBG  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  for_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  to_TO  break_VV0  the_AT1  awkward_JJ  silence_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  said_VVD  very_RG  softly_RR  :_:  
    were_VBDR  you_PPY  inside_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .    
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  the_AT1  Cadwells_NP2  .    
  Linda's_PPIO2  voice_NN  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .    
  the_AT1  older_JJ  woman_NN  flicked_VVD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  downwards_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  sink_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  violent_JJ  movement_NN  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  a_AT1  harsh_JJ  bitterness_NN  but_CCB  still_RR  under_IO  her_APP$  breath_NN  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  comparing_VBG  it_PPH1  with_IO  ours_PP$  .  
  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  a_AT1  hundred-pound_JB  carpet_NN  nor_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  fal-dals_NNS  .    
  Linda_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  now_RL  thrusting_VBG  the_AT1  china_NN  noisily_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  herself_PPX1  pitying_VBG  this_DD1  woman_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  lied_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  softly_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  notice_VV0  how_CS the_AT1  place_NN  was_VBDZ  furnished_VBN  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  can_VM  really_RR  remember_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  hall_NN  is_VBZ  similar_JJ  in_IO  shape_NN  to_IO  yours_PP$  .  
  but_CCB  one_MC1  thing_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  notice_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  floor_NN  and_CC  furniture_NN  did_VDD  n't_XX  gleam_VV0  nearly_RR  so_RG  much_RR  as_CS  yours_PP$  do_VD0  .    
  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  been_VBN  true_JJ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  bound_VBN  to_TO  say_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  for_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  loneliness_NN  emanating_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  woman_NN  that_PNQS touched_VVD  Linda_NP  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  Ralph_NP  Batley_NP  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  neither_LE  at_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  nor_CC  at_IO  Linda_NP  but_CCB  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  back_JB  door_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  out_RP  when_CS his_APP$  mother_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    will_VM  she_PPHO1  do_VD0  .    
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  Linda_NP  had_VHD  the_AT1  awful_JJ  sensation_NN  that_CS  the_AT1  question_NN  referred_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  but_CCB  when_CS the_AT1  reply_NN  came_VVD  :_:  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  do_VD0  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  forced_VBN  to_TO  smile_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  calf_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  speaking_VBG  about_IO  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  Shane_NP  was_VBDZ  sitting_VBG  with_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  stretched_VBN  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  blaze_NN  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  himself_PPX1  up_RP  on_IO  her_APP$  arrival_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    sit_VV0  yourself_PPX1  here_RL  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  sit_VV0  here_RL  .    
    do_VD0  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  says_VBZ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  selfish_JJ  enough_RGA  .    
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Batley_NP  was_VBDZ  busy_JJ  now_RL  setting_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  framework_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fireplace_NN  and_CC  Linda_NP  saw_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  half-finished_JJ  rug_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  drop_VV0  a_AT1  carrier_NN  bag_NN  on_IO  Shane's_PPIO2  knee_NN  ,_,  saying_VBG  :_:  
    get_VV0  yourself_PPX1  busy_JJ  ,_,  that_DD1  'll_VM  keep_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  of_IO  mischief_NN  .  **"_**'  then_RL  he_PPHO1  lazed_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  laughing_VBG  by_IO  her_APP$  side_NN  ,_,  motionless_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  drink_VV0  the_AT1  cheap_JJ  ,_,  warm_JJ  wine_NN  straight_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  bottle_NN  .  
    you_PPY  first_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  the_AT1  bottle_NN  neck_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  smothered_VBN  in_IO  your_APP$  kisses_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  laugh_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  that_CS  ,_,  sometimes_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  spilt_VVD  it_PPH1  down_IO  her_APP$  dress_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  a_AT1  purple_JJ  stain_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  pique*?2_JJ  collar_NN  .  
    when_CS I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  rich_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  cried_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  buy_VV0  you_PPY  champagne_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  but_IO  champagne_NN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  bath_VV0  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  drink_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  spill_VV0  it_PPH1  down_IO  your_APP$  dress_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  even_RR  leave_VV0  a_AT1  mark_NN  .    
  with_IO  these_DD2  words_NNS  he_PPHO1  sprang_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  and_CC  cried_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  swirling_JJ  blue_NN  ,_,      I_PPIS1  love_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  her_PPHO1  .    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  you_PPY  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  silly_JJ  girl_NN  .  Anna_NP  and_CC  Hugo_NP  .  Anna_NP  and_CC  Hugo_NP  .    until_CS  their_APP$  names_NNS  echoed_VVD  and_CC  trembled_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  distant_JJ  hills_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  chased_VVD  her_PPHO1  barefoot_JJ  over_IO  the_AT1  scented_JJ  grass_NN  and_CC  thistledown_NN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  fell_VVD  panting_VBG  into_IO  each_DD1  others_DA2  arms_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  gasped_VVD  for_IO  breath_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  body_NN  humped_VBN  and_CC  contorted_VBN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  clutched_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  throat_NN  in_IO  convulsive_JJ  agony_NN  and_CC  desperation_NN  .  
  between_IO  the_AT1  coughing_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  retching_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  begged_VVD  her_PPHO1  :_:      do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  ,_,  Anna_NP  ,_,  please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    and_CC  she_PPHO1  would_VM  slump_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  until_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .  
  sometimes_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  blood_NN  even_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  flowers_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  daisies_NNS  which_DDQ  had_VHD  ,_,  already_RR  ,_,  pink-tipped_JJ  petals_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  weeks_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  months_NNS  rushed_VVD  by_RP  ,_,  express_JB  train-like_JJ  but_CCB  with_IO  no_AT1  destination_NN  ,_,  no_AT1  beginning_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  end_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  walk_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  learning_VBG  to_TO  paint_VV0  .  
    to_TO  save_VV0  money_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,    so_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  buy_VV0  you_PPY  presents_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  bought_VVD  her_PPHO1  books_NNS  ,_,  flowers_NNS  ,_,  bits_NNS  of_IO  cracked_JJ  and_CC  broken_JJ  junk_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  pretty_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  sometimes_RR  clothes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  mackintosh_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  thing_NN  he_PPHO1  ever_RR  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    for_RR  once_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  being_VBG  practical_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  meant_VBN  to_TO  rain_VV0  in_IO  England_NP  .    
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  everywhere_RR  and_CC  the_AT1  endless_JJ  exercise_NN  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  hungry_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  spent_VVD  twice_RR  as_RG  much_DA  as_CS  he_PPHO1  saved_VVD  to_TO  appease_VV0  the_AT1  hunger_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2  both_DB2  laughed_VVD  when_CS the_AT1  false_JJ  economy_NN  dawned_VVD  on_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  bought_VVD  him_PPHO1  fruit_NN  ,_,  meat_NN  ,_,  cheese_NN  and_CC  eggs_NNS  and_CC  together_RR  they_PPHS2  strived_VVD  to_TO  cook_VV0  them_PPHO1  over_IO  the_AT1  gas-ring_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  bedroom_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  French_JJ  cookery_NN  book_NN  .  
  their_APP$  faces_NNS  were_VBDR  smudged_VBN  ,_,  their_APP$  foreheads_NNS  sweaty_JJ  ,_,  their_APP$  hands_NNS  garnished_VBN  with_IO  garlic_NN  and_CC  ,_,  laughing_VBG  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  decide_VV0  to_TO  cook_VV0  the_AT1  English_JJ  way_NN  and_CC  fall_VV0  back_RP  on_IO  fish_NN  and_CC  chips_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  snow_NN  helped_VVD  to_TO  hide_VV0  the_AT1  barrack_NN  grimness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  surroundings_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  lay_VVD  like_IO  petals_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  deserted_JJ  garden_NN  patch_NN  and_CC  even_RR  transfigured_VVD  the_AT1  limp_JJ  lines_NNS  of_IO  washing_NN  into_IO  dazzling_JJ  obelisks_NNS  .  
  Hugo's_PPIO2  cough_NN  seemed_VVD  better_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  snow_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  gather_VV0  handfuls_NNS  off_IO  the_AT1  trees_NNS  ,_,  kiss_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  eat_VV0  it_PPH1  and_CC  chase_VV0  her_PPHO1  laughing_VBG  and_CC  crying_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  ,_,  hurling_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  her_APP$  streaming_JJ  hair_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  painted_VVD  her_APP$  room_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  as_RG    white_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  snow_NN    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  stripped_VVD  off_RP  the_AT1  sad_JJ  wallpaper_NN  ,_,  almost_RR  angrily_RR  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  its_APP$  place_NN  put_VVD  up_RP  fresh_JJ  and_CC  merry_JJ  whiteness_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  him_PPHO1  hang_VV0  his_APP$  paintings_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  and_CC  could_VM  scarcely_RR  believe_VV0  the_AT1  brilliant_JJ  transformation_NN  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  ever_RR  hung_VBN  a_AT1  painting_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  smiling_VBG  ,_,    and_CC  probably_RR  the_AT1  last_DA  .    
  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  best_RBT  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  Provence_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  fishermen_NNS  with_IO  black_JJ  nets_NNS  drying_VBG  on_IO  platinum_NN  sand_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  baskets_NNS  of_IO  rainbow_NN  fish_NNS  which_DDQ  still_RR  seemed_VVD  to_TO  squirm_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  sun-glitter_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  the_AT1  lonely_JJ  stretches_NNS  of_IO  Camargue_NP  wasteland_NN  ,_,  wild_JJ  ,_,  melancholy_JJ  and_CC  mysterious_JJ  ;_;  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  the_AT1  vastness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  rice-fields_NNS  ,_,  once_RR  mistral-torn_JJ  and_CC  mosquito-ridden_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  of_IO  housewives_NNS  ,_,  brawny_JJ  and_CC  good-humoured_JJ  ,_,  haggling_VBG  with_IO  their_APP$  Midi_NP  accent_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  monk_NN  fish_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  grey_JJ  mullet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  tiny_JJ  squid_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  lobsters_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  naked_JJ  starfish_NNS  sprawled_VVD  dead_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  even_RR  dead_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  colours_NNS  were_VBDR  dazzling_JJ    silver_JJ  sea_NN  bream_NNS  ;_;  slithery_JJ  ,_,  bright_JJ  pink_JJ  demoiselles_NNS  ;_;  the_AT1  angler_NN  with_IO  mad_JJ  antennae-like_JJ  hooks_NNS  sprouting_VBG  from_IO  its_APP$  huge_JJ  head_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  gigantic_JJ  turbot_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  sleek_JJ  ,_,  black_JJ  dogfish_NN  with_IO  its_APP$  greyhound_NN  head_NN  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  paintings_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  auction_NN  bids_NNS  and_CC  smell_VV0  the_AT1  fish_NNS  and_CC  pebbles_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  sticky_JJ  salt_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  women's_NN2  hair_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  tired_JJ  sweat_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  men's_NN2  faces_NNS  .  
  over_RP  and_CC  over_RP  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  paint_VV0  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  Anna_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  .  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  too_RG  much_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    anyway_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  only_RR  paint_VV0  fish_NNS  and_CC  peasants_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  look_VV0  sad_JJ  ,_,  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  look_VV0  happy_JJ  but_CCB  somehow_RR  he_PPHO1  never_RR  captured_VVD  the_AT1  startling_JJ  strangeness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  Anna_NP  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  evenings_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  hour_NN  after_IO  hour_NN  but_CCB  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  hurled_VVD  the_AT1  canvas_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  easel_NN  ,_,  cursing_VBG  himself_PPX1  and_CC  his_APP$  lack_NN  of_IO  talent_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  reassured_VVD  him_PPHO1  ,_,  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  light_NN  was_VBDZ  wrong_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tired_JJ  or_CC  hungry_JJ  ,_,  that_CS  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  the_AT1  picture_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  more_RG  real_JJ  than_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  herself_PPX1  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  burst_VVD  into_IO  laughter_NN  and_CC  asked_VVD  :_:  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  mind_VV0  if_CS  I_PPIS1  turn_VV0  you_PPY  into_IO  a_AT1  fish_NN  .    
  and_CC  ,_,  in_IO  half_DB  the_AT1  time_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  blotted_VVD  out_RP  her_APP$  likeness_NN  and_CC  brought_VVD  fiercely_RR  to_IO  life_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  sea-glimmer_NN  ,_,  sunlight_NN  ,_,  fishwives_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  sparkle_NN  of_IO  salt_NN  water_NN  on_IO  sealy_JJ  skin_NN  and_CC  delicate_JJ  fins_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  excuse_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  the_AT1  same_DA  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  too_RG  much_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  paint_VV0  the_AT1  woman_NN  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  woman_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  ever_RR  loved_VBN  .    
    the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  through_IO  flickering_JJ  lashes_NNS  ,_,  half_RR  smiling_VBG  .  
    the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  .  
    the_AT1  others_DA2  were_VBDR  just_RR  games_NNS  .    
    what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  call_VV0  games_NNS  ,_,  Hugo_NP  .    
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  guilty_JJ  like_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  caught_VBN  stealing_VBG  an_AT1  apple_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  kissing_VBG  her_APP$  cheek_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  them_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  Biblical_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  nothing_PN1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  just_RR  nothing_PN1  .    
  Biblical_JJ  sense_NN  or_CC  no_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  sad_JJ  and_CC  jealous_JJ  and_CC  questioned_VVD  him_PPHO1  closely_RR  as_IO  to_II  their_APP$  names_NNS  and_CC  faces_NNS  .  
  whereupon_CS  he_PPHO1  swept_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  and_CC  carried_VVD  her_APP$  struggling_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  bed_NN  .  
    there_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  portrait_NN  still_RR  wet_JJ  and_CC  sticky_JJ  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  prettier_JJ  than_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  you_PPY  brutal_JJ  angel_NN  .    
    there_EX  's_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  though_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  truthfully_RR  .  
  thereupon_RR  he_PPHO1  jumped_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  said_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  hungry_JJ  .  
    and_CC  all_DB  because_IO  of_II  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  as_CS  he_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  clung_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  led_VVD  her_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  n't_XX  happened_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  game_NN  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  Biblical_JJ  sense_NN  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  ill_JJ  and_CC  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD  him_PPHO1  too_RG  much_RR  .  
  her_APP$  mother_NN  enjoyed_VVD  having_VHG  Hugo_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  father_NN  resented_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  other_DA  people_NNS  happy_JJ  around_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  his_APP$  methodist_JJ  upbringing_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  his_APP$  nature_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  damp_JJ  cartridge_NN  ;_;  however_CS much_DA  force_NN  or_CC  pressure_NN  was_VBDZ  brought_VBN  to_TO  bear_VV0  ,_,  nothing_PN1  happened_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  never_RR  exploded_VVD  ,_,  either_LE  joyfully_RR  or_CC  angrily_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  simply_RR  an_AT1  unfriendly_JJ  maggot_NN  that_PNQS you_PPY  might_VM  find_VV0  under_IO  a_AT1  stone_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Hugo_NP  had_VHD  a_AT1  secret_JJ  language_NN  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  spoke_VVD  with_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  many_DA  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  mad_JJ  ,_,  snuffed-out_JB  laughter_NN  conversation_NN  they_PPHS2  carried_VVD  on_RP  behind_IO  her_APP$  father's_NN1$  disapproving_JJ  newspaper_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  concerned_JJ  that_CS  Hugo_NP  should_VM  pay_VV0  his_APP$  rent_NN  ,_,  not_XX  put_VV0  French_JJ  coins_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  gas-meter_NN  slot_NN  and_CC  not_XX  seduce_VV0  his_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  the_AT1  third_MD  condition_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  least_RG  important_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  three_MC  .  
  sometimes_RR  Anna_NP  wondered_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  his_APP$  daughter_NN  .  
  but_CCB  of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  and_CC  that_DD1  made_VVD  it_PPH1  worse_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mind_VV0  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  want_VV0  children_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  or_CC  despise_VV0  his_APP$  wife's_NN1$  illegitimate_JJ  one_MC1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  complete_JJ  indifference_NN  to_IO  everything_PN1  ,_,  whether_CS  mental_JJ  or_CC  physical_JJ  ,_,  that_PNQS astonished_VVD  and_CC  terrified_VVD  Anna_NP  .  
  on_IO  both_DB2  counts_NNS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  miser_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  nothing_PN1  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  resented_VVD  everything_PN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  recall_VV0  Hugo's_PPIO2  farewell_NN  so_RG  clearly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  vivid_JJ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  often_RR  wondered_VVD  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  occurred_VVD  the_AT1  day_NN  before_II  and_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  were_VBDR  not_XX  just_RR  another_DD1  good-night_NN  with_IO  another_DD1  greeting_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  July_NN1  ,_,  almost_RR  three_MC  years_NNS  to_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  since_CS  he_PPHO1  first_RR  appeared_VVD  in_IO  their_APP$  lives_NNS  .  
    we_PPIS2  must_VM  pretend_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  for_IO  a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    because_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  together_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  lives_NNS  .    
    a_AT1  day_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  repeated_VVD  slowly_RR  ,_,    but_CCB  even_RR  a_AT1  day_NN  without_IO  you_PPY  is_VBZ  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  .    
    while_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  away_RP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    you_PPY  must_VM  write_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  every_AT1  single_JJ  day_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  write_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  live_VV0  without_IO  you_PPY  so_RR  promise_VV0  me_PPIO1  you_PPY  will_VM  .    
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  even_RR  bother_VV0  to_TO  promise_VV0    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  unnecessary_JJ  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  come_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  begged_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  burst_VV0  into_IO  tears_NNS  and_CC  make_VV0  a_AT1  fool_NN  of_IO  myself_PPX1  .    
  nevertheless_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  gone_VBN  and_CC  each_DD1  tormented_JJ  minute_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  window_NN  and_CC  clung_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  unaware_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  selfish_JJ  noise_NN  and_CC  activity_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  boat-train_NN  crowd_NN  and_CC  they_PPHS2    unaware_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  begged_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  swear_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  loving_VBG  him_PPHO1  for_RR  ever_RR  and_CC  never_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  ,_,  touch_VV0  or_CC  talk_VV0  to_IO  another_DD1  man_NN  .  
  the_AT1  whistle_NN  went_VVD  and_CC  she_PPHO1  brushed_VVD  the_AT1  tears_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  with_IO  her_APP$  hand_NN  .  
    keep_VV0  one_MC1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  smiling_VBG  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  my_APP$  own_DA  ,_,    she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  shuddered_VVD  ,_,  gathered_VVD  speed_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  blurred_JJ  heads_NNS  of_IO  holiday-makers_NNS  leaned_VVD  out_RP  ,_,  waving_VBG  and_CC  kissing_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  of_IO  spectators_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  the_AT1  litter_NN  of_IO  squash_NN  cartons_NNS  ,_,  ice-cream_NN  wrappers_NNS  and_CC  separation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  away_RP  as_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  trance_NN  ,_,  walking_VBG  always_RR  forward_RR  but_CCB  always_RR  left_VBN  behind_RP  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  noticed_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  boat-train_NN  station_NN  ,_,  people_NNS  look_VV0  sad_JJ  or_CC  happy_JJ    there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  in_RP  between_II  .  
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  home_NN1  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  glass_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  mask_NN  of_IO  granite_NN  which_DDQ  can_VM  not_XX  melt_VV0  ,_,  break_VV0  or_CC  be_VB0  crushed_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  reason_NN  for_IO  being_VBG  there_RL  at_IO  all_DB    simply_RR  a_AT1  memento_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  assured_VVD  herself_PPX1  that_CS  in_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  everything_PN1  would_VM  begin_VV0  again_RR  as_RG  sweetly_RR  and_CC  smoothly_RR  as_CS  winding_VBG  a_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  every_AT1  day_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  and_CC  every_AT1  single_JJ  day_NN  she_PPHO1  waited_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  answer_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  letters_NNS  becoming_VBG  colder_JJ  ,_,  wearier_JJ  or_CC  less_RG  affectionate_JJ  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  no_AT1  letters_NNS    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_RG  simple_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  .  
  the_AT1  postman_NN  came_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  her_APP$  face_NN  quite_RR  well_RR    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  white_JJ  and_CC  drawn_JJ  and_CC  seemed_VVD  scarcely_RR  to_TO  exist_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  gas_NN  bills_NNS  ,_,  butcher_NN  bills_NNS  and_CC  canvassing_NN  pamphlets_NNS  but_CCB  her_APP$  fingers_NNS  sorted_VVD  through_IO  them_PPHO1  hungrily_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  closed_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  thanked_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  lodgers'_NN2  beds_NNS  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  and_CC  returned_VVD  at_IO  night_NN  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  stopped_VVD  writing_VBG  letters_NNS  altogether_RR  and_CC  after_IO  a_AT1  month_NN  she_PPHO1  sobbed_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  sticky_JJ  sleep_NN  each_DD1  night_NN  and_CC  woke_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  swollen-eyed_JJ  dawn_NN  .  
  from_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  forth_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  and_CC  three_MC  years'_NN2  recollection_NN  offers_VBZ  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  companionship_NN  although_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  no_AT1  future_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  where_CS they_PPHS2  had_VHD  walked_VBN  together_RR  ,_,  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  pubs_NNS  and_CC  cafe*?2s_NNS  ,_,  visited_VVD  the_AT1  same_DA  museums_NNS  and_CC  cinemas_NNS  and_CC  even_RR  took_VVD  bus-rides_NNS  into_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  where_CS each_DD1  blade_NN  of_IO  grass_NN  reminded_VVD  her_PPHO1  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  ill_JJ  ,_,  she_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  dead_JJ  and_CC  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  realized_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  ill_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  dead_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,  the_AT1  idiot_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  possessed_JJ  .  
  her_APP$  father_NN  was_VBDZ  glad_JJ  it_PPH1  had_VHD  all_DB  ended_VBN  ;_;  her_APP$  mother_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  busy_JJ  to_TO  comment_VV0  .  
    find_VV0  yourself_PPX1  a_AT1  nice_JJ  steady_JJ  man_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,    not_XX  a_AT1  choking_JJ  ,_,  arty-crafty_JJ  foreigner_NN  .    
  and_CC  he_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  evening_NN  paper_NN  in_IO  justified_JJ  and_CC  contented_JJ  humour_NN  ,_,  pleased_JJ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  all_RR  along_RP  and_CC  that_CS  his_APP$  day_NN  was_VBDZ  over_RP  .    I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  sure_JJ  that_CS  you_PPY  would_VM  like_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Bill_NP  .    
    we_PPIS2  got_VVD  on_RP  famously_RR  ,_,    he_PPHO1  replied_VVD  curtly_RR  ,_,  finding_VBG  it_PPH1  next_RR  to_RR  impossible_JJ  to_TO  discuss_VV0  Betty_NP  like_IO  this_DD1  .  
    but_CCB  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  more_DA  about_IO  your_APP$  mother_NN  ,_,  Kay_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  all_DB  need_NN  for_IO  anxiety_NN  at_IO  an_AT1  end_NN  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  very_RG  worrying_JJ  time_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  poor_JJ  old_JJ  girl_NN  !_!    
    yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  been_VBN  anything_RR  but_RR  pleasant_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  replied_VVD  .  
    naturally_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  disappointed_JJ  about_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  this_DD1  holiday_NN  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Bill_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'd_VHD  so_RR  looked_VVD  forward_RR  to_IO  getting_VBG  away_RP  with_IO  you_PPY  alone_JJ  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  only_RR  have_VH0  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  to_IO  ourselves_PPX2  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  get_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  mother_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  possibly_RR  can_VM  .  
  but_CCB  never_RR  mind_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  long_RR  before_CS  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  married_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  be_VB0  together_RR  always_RR  !_!    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  Kay_NP  had_VHD  ever_RR  spoken_VBN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  strain_NN  about_IO  their_APP$  approaching_JJ  marriage_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  somehow_RR  the_AT1  remark_NN  jarred_VVD  on_IO  herself_PPX1  almost_RR  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  on_IO  Bill_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  hastily_RR    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  to_IO  September_NN1  ,_,  Kay_NP  .    
    but_CCB  the_AT1  time_NN  will_VM  go_VV0  so_RG  quickly_RR  ,_,  what_DDQ  with_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  .  
  buying_VBG  the_AT1  furniture_NN  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN    will_VM  n't_XX  it_PPH1  be_VB0  exciting_JJ  ,_,  Bill_NP  ,_,  choosing_VBG  just_RR  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  like_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  n't_XX  imagine_VV0  how_CS happy_JJ  and_CC  excited_JJ  I_PPIS1  feel_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  .    
  Bill's_PPIO2  heart_NN  smote_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
  poor_JJ  Kay_NP  !_!  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sinned_VBN  against_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  unwillingly_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  nevertheless_RR  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  sinned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  however_CS he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  things_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  pain_NN  for_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  gently_RR    
    it_PPH1    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  awfully_RG  decent_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  to_TO  care_VV0  so_RG  much_RR  about_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Kay_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  really_RR  worth_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  girl_NN  almost_RR  any_DD  man_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  glad_JJ  and_CC  proud_JJ  to_TO  marry_VV0  .    
    but_CCB  ,_,  Bill_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  the_AT1  only_DA  one_MC1  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  feel_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  squeezing_VBG  his_APP$  arm_NN  ,_,  and_CC  feeling_VBG  more_RRR  reassured_VBN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   sit_VV0  here_RL  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  ,_,  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  .  
  this_DD1  boulder_NN  looks_VBZ  very_RG  inviting_JJ  .    
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  same_DA  boulder_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  and_CC  Betty_NP  had_VHD  sat_VBN  upon_IO  so_RG  often_RR  .  
  Bill_NP  gave_VVD  an_AT1  inward_JB  groan_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  situation_NN  was_VBDZ  getting_VBG  beyond_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  meanwhile_RR  ,_,  Betty_NP  ,_,  feeling_VBG  wretched_JJ  and_CC  unsettled_JJ  ,_,  had_VHD  collected_VBN  her_APP$  belongings_NNS  and_CC  stowed_VBN  them_PPHO1  away_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  suitcases_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  packed_VBN  so_RG  gaily_RR  before_IO  setting_VBG  out_RP  for_IO  this_DD1  eventful_JJ  holiday_NN  .  
  this_DD1  done_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  contemplated_VVD  with_IO  dismay_NN  the_AT1  solitary_JJ  hours_NNS  that_PNQS lay_VVD  before_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  with_IO  only_RR  miserable_JJ  thoughts_NNS  for_IO  company_NN  ,_,  and_CC  yet_RR  dreaded_VVD  still_RR  more_RRR  the_AT1  return_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  two_MC  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  cinemas_NNS  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  forget_VV0  her_APP$  own_DA  problems_NNS  by_IO  becoming_VBG  absorbed_VBN  in_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  depicted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  screen_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  time_NN  for_IO  supper_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  returned_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  boarding-house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  one_MC1  anxious_JJ  glance_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  faces_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  lovers_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  a_AT1  sigh_NN  of_IO  profound_JJ  relief_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  Bill_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  behaving_VBG  himself_PPX1  correctly_RR  and_CC  that_CS  Kay_NP  suspected_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  Betty_NP  forced_VVD  herself_PPX1  to_IO  a_AT1  display_NN  of_IO  high_JJ  spirits_NNS  and_CC  gaiety_NN  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  far_RR  from_IO  feeling_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  assisted_VBN  by_IO  Bill_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  by_IO  now_RL  ,_,  had_VHD  reluctantly_RR  decided_VBN  that_CS  Kay_NP  must_VM  be_VB0  kept_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  possible_JJ  concerning_IO  the_AT1  wrong_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  done_VBN  her_PPHO1  .  
  Kay's_PPIO2  unusual_JJ  display_NN  of_IO  affection_NN  had_VHD  touched_VBN  his_APP$  heart_NN  ,_,  even_RR  while_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  increased_VBN  his_APP$  sense_NN  of_IO  despair_NN  and_CC  hopelessness_NN  ,_,  for_CS  Bill_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  chances_NNS  of_IO  making_VBG  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  really_RR  good_JJ  and_CC  loving_JJ  husband_NN  were_VBDR  forever_RR  dead_JJ  .  
  after_IO  supper_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  all_DB  three_MC  went_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  pier_NN  to_TO  listen_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  band_NN  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  the_AT1  sweet_JJ  ,_,  lilting_JJ  music_NN  woke_VVD  Betty's_PPIO2  heart_NN  to_IO  fresh_JJ  agony_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  no_AT1  sign_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  hours_NNS  longer_RRR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  wear_VV0  her_APP$  mask_NN  and_CC  act_VV0  her_APP$  role_NN  .  
  and_CC  afterwards_RR  .  
  shudderingly_RR  she_PPHO1  acknowledged_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  dared_VM  not_XX  face_VV0  what_DDQ  lay_VVD  before_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    sufficient_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  drearily_RR  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  upon_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  magic_JJ  moonlight_NN  shone_VVD  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  radiant_JJ  beauty_NN  it_PPH1  had_VHD  displayed_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  previous_JJ  night_NN  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  so_RG  thoroughly_RR  bewitched_VBN  herself_PPX1  and_CC  Bill_NP  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  how_CS gloriously_RR  happy_JJ  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  during_IO  those_DD2  few_DA  fleeting_JJ  moments_NNS  of_IO  time_NN  !_!  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  engraved_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  tablets_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  memory_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  ;_;  they_PPHS2  marked_VVD  for_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  pinnacle_NN  of_IO  life_NN    throbbing_JJ  ,_,  emotion-packed_JJ  moments_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  which_DDQ  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  to_TO  really_RR  live_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  contrast_NN  between_IO  that_DD1  time_NN  and_CC  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  sharp_JJ  ,_,  too_RG  poignant_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  longed_VVD  to_TO  plunge_VV0  into_IO  that_DD1  silvered_JJ  sea_NN  and_CC  swim_VV0  and_CC  swim_VV0  into_IO  forgetfulness_NN  !_!  
    to-morrow_NN1  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  be_VB0  thinking_VBG  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  Betty_NP  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  sorry_JJ  you_PPY  deserted_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,    Kay_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  come_VV0  here_RL  for_IO  our_APP$  holiday_NN  next_DA  year_NN  and_CC  make_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  proper_JJ  one_MC1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  smiling_VBG  wanly_RR  .  
  chapter_NN  4_MC  .  
  love's_NN1$  ordeal_NN  .  
  next_DA  morning_NN  Betty_NP  bade_VVD  them_PPHO1  both_DB2  good-bye_NN  and_CC  returned_VVD  to_IO  London_NP  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  long_JJ  moment_NN  Bill_NP  held_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  deep_RR  into_IO  her_APP$  glorious_JJ  brown_JJ  eyes_NNS  which_DDQ  held_VVD  his_APP$  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  passed_VVD  between_IO  them_PPHO1  that_DD1  same_DA  irresistible_JJ  electric_JJ  thrill_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  signalled_VBN  the_AT1  avowal_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  love_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  stepped_VBN  back_RP  ,_,  without_IO  uttering_VBG  a_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Kay_NP  had_VHD  raised_VBN  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  kissed_VBN  her_APP$  friend_NN  .  
  a_AT1  moment_NN  later_RRR  ,_,  the_AT1  guard's_NN1$  whistle_NN  gave_VVD  its_APP$  shrill_JJ  warning_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  train_NN  started_VVD  on_IO  its_APP$  way_NN  .  
  Betty_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  strange_JJ  sensation_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  watched_VVD  the_AT1  figures_NNS  of_IO  Kay_NP  and_CC  Bill_NP  diminish_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  disappear_VV0  from_IO  view_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  that_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  do_VD0  her_APP$  best_JJT  never_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  either_LE  of_IO  them_PPHO1  again_RR  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  a_AT1  sad_JJ  sensation_NN  ,_,  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  misty_JJ  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sank_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  her_APP$  seat_NN  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  over_RP  at_RR  last_RR  !_!  
  all_DB  that_PNQS now_RL  remained_VVD  was_VBDZ  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  face_VV0  reality_NN  with_IO  as_RG  brave_JJ  a_AT1  heart_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  muster_VV0  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  desperately_RR  Betty_NP  told_VVD  herself_PPX1  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  other_DA  things_NNS  in_IO  life_NN  besides_IO  love_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  happy_JJ  and_CC  content_JJ  enough_RGA  before_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  fallen_VBN  a_AT1  victim_NN  to_IO  its_APP$  magic_JJ  spell_NN    why_CS should_VM  n't_XX  she_PPHO1  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  recapture_VV0  that_DD1  old_JJ  ,_,  gay_JJ  ,_,  careless_JJ  contentment_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  up_RP  to_IO  now_RL  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  all_DB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  that_CS  Kay_NP  will_VM  never_RR  know_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD  to_IO  herself_PPX1  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  the_AT1  beautiful_JJ  summer_NN  landscape_NN  fly_VV0  past_IO  the_AT1  carriage_NN  window_NN  .  
  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  late_RR  that_DD1  night_NN  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  tossing_VBG  restlessly_RR  in_IO  bed_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  murmured_VVD    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  that_CS  Kay_NP  will_VM  never_RR  know_VV0  !_!    
  even_RR  that_DD1  cause_NN  of_IO  thankfulness_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  denied_VBN  her_PPHO1  ,_,  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  known_VBN  of_IO  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  taking_VBG  place_NN  at_IO  almost_RR  that_DD1  selfsame_JB  moment_NN  between_IO  Kay_NP  and_CC  Bill_NP  .  
  after_IO  supper_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  wandered_VBN  ,_,  a_RR  little_RR  aimlessly_RR  ,_,  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  edge_NN  ,_,  where_CS once_RR  again_RR  the_AT1  moon_NN  spread_VVD  that_DD1  shining_JJ  track_NN  of_IO  silver_JJ  light_NN  which_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  lead_VV0  to_IO  some_DD  far-away_JB  enchanted_JJ  country_NN  .  
  when_CS they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  a_AT1  deserted_JJ  stretch_NN  of_IO  beach_NN  ,_,  Kay_NP  pointed_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  groyne_NN  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   sit_VV0  down_RP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  even_RR  to_IO  Bill_NP  ,_,  preoccupied_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  with_IO  his_APP$  secret_JJ  thoughts_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  voice_NN  sounded_VVD  strange_JJ  .  
    I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  you_PPY  something_PN1  ,_,  Bill_NP  .    
  somehow_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  without_IO  being_VBG  told_VBN  ,_,  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  going_VBG  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  brooding_JJ  look_NN  in_IO  Kay's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  an_AT1  absent-mindedness_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  manner_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  subconsciously_RR  ,_,  must_VM  have_VH0  warned_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  sensed_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  discovered_VVD  the_AT1  truth_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  can_VM  guess_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  wish_VV0  to_TO  ask_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  stammered_VVD  .  
    then_RL    then_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  true_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  Betty_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  Bill_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  impossible_JJ  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  deny_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  or_CC  two_MC  ,_,  his_APP$  lips_NNS  refused_VVD  to_TO  frame_VV0  the_AT1  words_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  .  
    please_UH  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   not_XX  speak_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Betty's_PPIO2  earnest_JJ  wish_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  should_VM  know_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    no_AT1  wonder_NN    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  too_RG  ashamed_JJ  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    Kay_NP  returned_VVD  hotly_RR  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  very_RG  charitable_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Betty_NP  has_VHZ  left_VBN  here_RL  solely_RR  for_IO  your_APP$  sake_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  understand_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  voluntarily_RR  gave_VVD  me_PPIO1  up_RP  because_IO  of_II  you_PPY  .    
    you_PPY  were_VBDR  not_XX  hers_PP$  to_TO  give_VV0  up_RP  ,_,    Kay_NP  retorted_VVD  .  
    anyway_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  my_APP$  love_NN  was_VBDZ  hers_PP$  ,_,    Bill_NP  admitted_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  low_JJ  voice_NN  .  
  Kay_NP  closed_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  a_AT1  sharp_JJ  pang_NN  of_IO  pain_NN  shot_VVD  through_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  his_APP$  words_NNS  .  
    Bill_NP    Bill_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  darling_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  up_RP  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  .    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
    please_UH    please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  ,_,  Bill_NP  !_!  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  an_AT1  infatuation_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  last_VV0    it_PPH1  can_VM  mean_VV0  nothing_PN1  to_IO  you_PPY  in_IO  view_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  and_CC  deep_JJ  affection_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  felt_VBN  for_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .  
  Bill_NP  dear_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  life_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  completely_RR  ruined_VBN  if_CS  you_PPY  throw_VV0  me_PPIO1  over_RP  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  never_RR  face_VV0  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  !_!  
  you_PPY  are_VBR  my_APP$  world_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  all_DB  !_!  
    this_DD1    this_DD1  sudden_JJ  infatuation_NN  you_PPY  feel_VV0  for_IO  Betty_NP  will_VM  pass_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  possibly_RR  last_VV0  ,_,  Bill_NP  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  known_VBN  her_PPHO1  long_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  mean_VV0  anything_PN1  to_IO  you_PPY  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  Bill_NP  dear_NN  ,_,    Kay_NP  pleaded_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  broken_JJ  voice_NN  ,_,    please_UH  do_VD0  n't_XX  throw_VV0  me_PPIO1  over_RP  after_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  for_IO  the_AT1  sake_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  you_PPY  have_VH0  hardly_RR  known_VBN  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  !_!    
  such_DA  impassioned_JJ  words_NNS  ,_,  coming_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  usually_RR  calm_JJ  ,_,  reserved_JJ  Kay_NP  ,_,  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  Bill's_PPIO2  heart_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  humbled_VBN  thus_RR  before_IO  him_PPHO1    this_DD1  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  promised_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  his_APP$  wife_NN  and_CC  to_IO  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  owed_VVD  fidelity_NN  and_CC  respect_NN  and_CC  love_NN  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  throw_VV0  you_PPY  over_RP  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,  dear_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  quickly_RR  .  
    why_UH  ,_,  Betty_NP  would_VM  n't_XX  hear_VV0  of_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  away_RP  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  already_RR  told_VBN  you_PPY  .  
  she_PPHO1  refuses_VBZ  to_TO  have_VH0  anything_PN1  more_DA  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  behaved_VBN  very_RG  nobly_RR  ,_,  Kay_NP  .  
  listen_VV0  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  my_APP$  very_RG  best_JJT  to_TO  make_VV0  you_PPY  happy_JJ  .    
  over_IO  her_APP$  bent_JJ  head_NN  ,_,  Bill's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  fixed_VBN  in_IO  misery_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  fast_RR  vanishing_JJ  hope_NN  of_IO  ultimate_JJ  happiness_NN  .  
  Betty_NP  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  
  Kay_NP  must_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  forsaken_VBN  ;_;  for_IO  decency's_NN1$  sake_NN  he_PPHO1  must_VM  keep_VV0  his_APP$  pledged_JJ  word_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  sound_NN  of_IO  Kay's_PPIO2  quiet_JJ  weeping_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  resolutely_RR  he_PPHO1  set_VVD  himself_PPX1  to_TO  ease_VV0  her_APP$  injured_JJ  feelings_NNS  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  cry_VV0  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  are_VBR  right_JJ  ;_;  all_DB  this_DD1  unhappiness_NN  will_VM  pass_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  seem_VV0  like_IO  some_DD  vanished_JJ  dream_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  awakened_VBN  to_IO  reality_NN  once_RR  more_RRR  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  try_VV0  to_TO  forgive_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  Kay_NP  dear_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  all_DB  happened_VVD  before_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  really_RR  aware_JJ  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  just_RR  as_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  as_CS  ever_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ    yes_UH  ,_,  just_RR  as_RG  fond_JJ  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  my_APP$  darling_NN  .    
  Kay_NP  longed_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  did_VDD  not_XX  dare_VV0  ,_,  to_TO  ask_VV0  him_PPHO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  cared_VVD  more_RRR  for_IO  her_PPHO1  than_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  for_IO  Betty_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  the_AT1  desolate_JJ  answer_NN  to_IO  that_DD1  question_NN  .  
  instead_RR  she_PPHO1  said_VVD    
    of_RR  course_RR  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  forgive_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Bill_NP  ,_,  fully_RR  and_CC  freely_RR  .  
  Betty_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  attractive_JJ  girl_NN  and_CC  no_AT1  doubt_NN  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  advantage_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  close_JJ  proximity_NN  into_IO  which_DDQ  you_PPY  were_VBDR  thrown_VBN  .  
  anyway_RR  ,_,  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   never_RR  speak_VV0  of_IO  it_PPH1  again_RR  ,_,  Bill_NP    let_VV0  it_PPH1  be_VB0  buried_VBN  and_CC  forgotten_VBN  for_RR  ever_RR  .    
    it_PPH1  shall_VM  be_VB0  as_CS  you_PPY  wish_VV0  ,_,  Kay_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  ,_,  but_CCB  more_RG  coldly_RR  ,_,  for_CS  he_PPHO1  strongly_RR  resented_VVD  the_AT1  injustice_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  doing_VBG  to_IO  Betty_NP  .  
    let_VV0  's_PPIO2   go_VV0  somewhere_RR  and_CC  find_VV0  a_AT1  sherry_NN  ,_,  shall_VM  we_PPIS2  .    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  may_VM  cheer_VV0  us_PPIO2   up_RP  a_AT1  bit_NN  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  drink_VV0  to_IO  our_APP$  future_JB  happiness_NN  ,_,  Bill_NP  !_!    she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  ,_,  raising_VBG  her_APP$  face_NN  to_IO  his_PP$  for_IO  a_AT1  kiss_NN  .  
  but_CCB  of_IO  all_DB  this_DD1  Betty_NP  knew_VVD  nothing_PN1  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  went_VVD  by_RP  slowly_RR  and_CC  wearily_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  longing_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  come_VV0  for_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
  her_APP$  parents_NNS  had_VHD  gone_VBN  to_IO  Wales_NP  to_TO  visit_VV0  an_AT1  aged_JJ  aunt_NN  ,_,  and_CC  most_DA  of_IO  Betty's_PPIO2  pals_NNS  were_VBDR  equally_RR  inaccessible_JJ  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  solitude_NN  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  portion_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  plenty_NN  of_IO  leisure_NN  to_TO  dwell_VV0  upon_IO  those_DD2  vanished_JJ  days_NNS  spent_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  man_NN  she_PPHO1  loved_VVD    days_NNS  of_IO  golden_JJ  sunshine_NN  and_CC  music_NN  and_CC  utter_JB  happiness_NN  .  
  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  never_RR  see_VV0  Bill_NP  again_RR  was_VBDZ  very_RG  bitter_JJ  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  helped_VBN  .  concluding_JJ  woman_NN  serial_NN  by_IO  Margaret_NP  Summerton_NP  .  
  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  Walter_NP  Wyles_NP  .  
  the_AT1  sea_NN  house_NN  .  
  out_RP  of_IO  violence_NN  and_CC  fear_NN  love_NN  could_VM  still_RR  flourish_VV0  .  
  for_CS  now_RL  love_NN  was_VBDZ  theirs_PP$  .  
  a_AT1  moment_NN  after_CS  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  dresser_NN  had_VHD  swung_VBN  to_RP  and_CC  left_VBN  us_PPIO2   in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  secret_JJ  passage_NN  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sudden_JJ  ,_,  blinding_JJ  light_NN  .  
  Ivor_NP  had_VHD  switched_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  torch_NN  .  
  Esmond_NP  grunted_VVD  :_:  
    bolt_VV0  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  'll_VM  give_VV0  us_PPIO2   an_AT1  extra_JJ  half_DB  hour_NN  while_CS  either_LE  Mark_NP  or_CC  Adkins_NP  gets_VBZ  hold_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  crowbar_NN  .  
  then_RL  go_VV0  ahead_RR  ,_,  shine_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  backwards_RR  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  sustained_JJ  whisper_NN  of_IO  oiled_JJ  metal_NN  moving_VBG  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  Ivor_NP  stumbled_VVD  over_IO  my_APP$  feet_NNS  .  
  my_APP$  wrists_NNS  ,_,  stinging_VBG  with_IO  cramp_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  free_JJ  from_IO  Esmond's_PPIO2  grasp_NN  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  start_VV0  making_VBG  a_AT1  fuss_NN  all_RR  over_RP  again_RR  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,    Esmond_NP  said_VVD  .  
    save_VV0  your_APP$  breath_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  long_JJ  climb_NN  .  
  follow_VV0  Ivor_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  right_RR  behind_IO  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  steps_NNS  went_VVD  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ;_;  sometimes_RR  steeply_RR  ,_,  sometimes_RR  on_IO  a_AT1  wide_JJ  ,_,  low_JJ  incline_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  depths_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  treads_NNS  varied_VVD  .  
  after_IO  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  ,_,  Ivor_NP  had_VHD  gone_VBN  so_RG  far_RR  ahead_RR  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dark_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  head_NN  struck_VVD  rock_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  feet_NNS  misjudged_VVD  the_AT1  step_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  with_IO  a_AT1  scream_NN  .  
  Esmond's_PPIO2  arm_NN  came_VVD  round_IO  my_APP$  waist_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  resilience_NN  left_VBN  in_IO  me_PPIO1  to_TO  help_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  breathe_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  whispered_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  choking_VBG  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  worst_JJT  patch_NN  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  only_RR  about_RR  another_DD1  hundred_MC  yards_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  come_VV0  on_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  heaved_VVD  me_PPIO1  upright_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  half_RR  carried_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  a_AT1  point_NN  where_CS the_AT1  steps_NNS  ended_VVD  .  
  Ivor_NP  had_VHD  set_VBN  the_AT1  lamp_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  floor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  over_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  visible_JJ  to_IO  his_APP$  waist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  formless_JJ  shadow_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  in_IO  a_AT1  cave_NN  .  
  as_CS  Esmond_NP  put_VVD  me_PPIO1  down_RP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  lifted_VVD  my_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  just_RR  touch_VV0  the_AT1  roof_NN  .  
  the_AT1  air_NN  was_VBDZ  a_RR  little_RR  sweeter_JJ  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  heavy_JJ  and_CC  my_APP$  breath_NN  came_VVD  in_IO  gasps_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  have_VH0  given_VBN  ten_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  for_IO  sight_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  beat_VV0  my_APP$  hands_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  slime-covered_JJ  walls_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  cried_VVD  out_RP  one_MC1  word_NN  repeatedly_RR  :_:  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Mark_NP  .  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  stick_VV0  it_PPH1  out_RP  for_IO  another_DD1  few_DA  minutes_NNS  .    
  with_IO  hands_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  suddenly_RR  grown_VBN  protective_JJ  ,_,  Esmond_NP  turned_VVD  me_PPIO1  round_RP  ,_,  pushed_VVD  the_AT1  hair_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  forehead_NN  .  
    you_PPY  and_CC  Mark_NP  have_VH0  got_VBN  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  lives_NNS  to_TO  fix_VV0  yourselves_PPX2  up_RP  .  
  but_CCB  this_DD1  small_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  you_PPY  belongs_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  stay_VV0  with_IO  me_PPIO1  until_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  open_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  finished_VBN  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  .    
    you_PPY  've_VH0  no_AT1  chance_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,  repeating_VBG  Mark's_PPIO2  words_NNS  .  
    there_EX  is_VBZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  yacht_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  you_PPY  .  .    
    probably_RR  not_XX  .    
  he_PPHO1  shrugged_VVD  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  if_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  get_VV0  clear_JJ  ,_,  make_VV0  the_AT1  beach_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  find_VV0  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  boat_NN  .  .    
  I_PPIS1  glanced_VVD  over_IO  my_APP$  shoulder_NN  .  
  Ivor_NP  had_VHD  moved_VBN  a_RR  little_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  in_IO  here_RL  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  're_VBR  afraid_JJ  of_IO  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  might_VM  do_VD0  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  Esmond_NP  .  
    he_PPHO1  would_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  else_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VM  have_VH0  shot_VBN  us_PPIO2   all_DB  down_RP  ,_,  made_VBN  his_APP$  own_DA  getaway_NN  alone_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  he_PPHO1  doing_VBG  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  panic_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  clearing_VBG  the_AT1  way_NN  ahead_RR  .  
  except_IO  for_II  an_AT1  air_NN  passage_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  way_NN  out_RP  of_IO  this_DD1  cave_NN  is_VBZ  blocked_VBN  with_IO  stones_NNS  and_CC  old_JJ  rubbish_NN  .  
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  low_JJ  tunnel_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  last_DA  cave_NN  .  .  
  from_IO  there_RL  ,_,  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  cliffs_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  odds_NNS  are_VBR  against_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  not_XX  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  every_AT1  foxhole_NN  a_AT1  darned_JJ  sight_NN  better_RRR  than_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  leave_VV0  you_PPY  there_RL  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  double_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  Mark_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  'll_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  door_NN  down_RP  by_IO  then_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  his_APP$  voice_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  held_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  whisper_NN  .  
    all_DB  clear_JJ  ,_,  Ivor_NP  .    
  as_CS  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  me_PPIO1  forward_RR  Ivor_NP  moved_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  glint_NN  of_IO  metal_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  right_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  Esmond_NP  laughed_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  second_NN  pulled_VVD  me_PPIO1  back_RP  hard_RR  against_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  living_JJ  shield_NN  between_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  the_AT1  threat_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  .  
    just_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  shortly_RR  .  
    my_APP$  insurance_NN  has_VHZ  paid_VBN  off_RP  .    
  I_PPIS1  froze_VVD  against_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  Ivor_NP  ,_,  giant-size_JJ  in_IO  that_DD1  low_JJ  cavern_NN  ,_,  moved_VVD  one_MC1  step_NN  ,_,  then_RL  another_DD1  towards_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  Esmond's_PPIO2  left_JJ  hand_NN  move_VV0  down_RP  to_TO  grapple_VV0  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  shouted_VVD  :_:  
    if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  kill_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  kill_VV0  her_PPHO1  first_RR  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  at_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  line_NN  ,_,  Elliot_NP  ,_,    Ivor_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  steel_NN  .  
  Esmond_NP  screamed_VVD  :_:  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  shoot_VV0  her_PPHO1  first_RR  .  
  Lisa_NP  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  so_RG  keen_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  double_JJ  murderer_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  find_VV0  .    
  their_APP$  voices_NNS  overlapped_VVD  and_CC  were_VBDR  trapped_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  echo_NN  .  
    Lisa_NP  's_VHZ  finished_VBN  with_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  a_AT1  wastrel_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  sponger_NN  ,_,    Ivor_NP  hissed_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  never_RR  meant_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  get_VV0  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  alive_JJ  .  Webster_NP  .  and_CC  the_AT1  boat_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  pack_NN  of_IO  lies_NNS  .  Mark_NP  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .    
  Esmond_NP  was_VBDZ  now_RL  gasping_VBG  for_IO  breath_NN  .  
    of_RR  course_RR  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  .  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  die_VV0  ,_,  Elliot_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  girl_NN  can_VM  go_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  .  .    
  the_AT1  gun_NN  in_IO  Esmond's_PPIO2  hand_NN  spat_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  light_NN  was_VBDZ  gone_VBN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  ,_,  blinding_JJ  darkness_NN  I_PPIS1  managed_VVD  to_TO  wrench_VV0  myself_PPX1  free_JJ  of_IO  Esmond's_PPIO2  grasp_NN  and_CC  dive_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tumult_NN  of_IO  noise_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  spatter_NN  of_IO  fire_NN  .  
  something_PN1  struck_VVD  my_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  pain_NN  after_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  searing_JJ  blow_NN  ,_,  only_RR  numbness_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sticky_JJ  warmth_NN  trickling_VBG  over_IO  my_APP$  hand_NN  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  I_PPIS1  crouched_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  dazed_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  I_PPIS1  stood_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  shouted_VVD  as_RG  loudly_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  breath_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  lungs_NNS  would_VM  allow_VV0  .  
  almost_RR  immediately_RR  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  scraping_NN  of_IO  heavy_JJ  ,_,  stumbling_JJ  feet_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  voice_NN  choking_NN  in_IO  curses_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  fall_NN  that_PNQS sent_VVD  stones_NNS  tumbling_VBG  .  
  then_RL  silence_NN  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  timeless_JJ  seconds_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  long-drawn-out_JB  gasp_NN  .  
    Esmond_NP  !_!  
  Esmond_NP  !_!    
  the_AT1  echo_NN  mocked_VVD  my_APP$  cry_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  fumbled_VVD  frantically_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  ,_,  bending_VBG  double_JJ  ,_,  brushing_VBG  the_AT1  wet_JJ  ,_,  filthy_JJ  floor_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  hands_NNS  .  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  fell_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  prone_JJ  figure_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  still_RR  moaning_VBG  and_CC  dropped_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  knees_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  whispered_VVD  :_:      Esmond_NP  !_!    not_XX  sure_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  blackness_NN  whether_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  he_PPHO1  or_CC  Ivor_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  breathed_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  syllable_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  name_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  shifted_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  knee_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  heavy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS I_PPIS1  felt_VVD  his_APP$  face_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  wet_JJ  .  or_CC  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  coated_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  blood_NN  or_CC  slime_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  cave_NN  .  
  my_APP$  hands_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  moved_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  his_APP$  chest_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  dropped_VVD  away_RP  as_CS  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  terrible_JJ  scream_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  bent_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  until_CS  my_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  over_IO  his_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  make_VV0  words_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  senseless_JJ  mumble_NN  that_PNQS followed_VVD  the_AT1  cry_NN  of_IO  agony_NN  .  
  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  made_VVD  no_AT1  sense_NN  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  behind_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  another_DD1  sound_NN  :_:  slow_JJ  ,_,  dragging_VBG  ,_,  tortuous_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  froze_VVD  ,_,  my_APP$  body_NN  bent_VBN  over_IO  Esmond_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  hand_NN  grasping_VBG  the_AT1  gun_NN  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  ,_,  miraculously_RR  ,_,  lying_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  beside_IO  my_APP$  finger_NN  tips_NNS  .  
  Ivor_NP  was_VBDZ  moving_VBG  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  his_APP$  foot_NN  tripping_VBG  over_IO  my_APP$  leg_NN  ;_;  my_APP$  teeth_NNS  bit_VVD  my_APP$  lower_JJ  lip_NN  to_TO  stem_VV0  the_AT1  scream_NN  ,_,  and_CC  my_APP$  free_JJ  hand_NN  covered_VVD  Esmond's_PPIO2  mouth_NN  .  
  beneath_IO  the_AT1  weight_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  body_NN  I_PPIS1  willed_VVD  my_APP$  limbs_NNS  to_TO  stay_VV0  stiff_JJ  and_CC  waited_VVD  to_TO  feel_VV0  the_AT1  touch_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  hand_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  Esmond_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  n't_XX  dead_JJ  .  
  in_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  my_APP$  finger_NN  found_VVD  the_AT1  trigger_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gun_NN  .  
  would_VM  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  pulled_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  weight_NN  gradually_RR  heaved_VVD  itself_PPX1  from_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  footsteps_NNS  ,_,  scuffling_VBG  ,_,  uncertain_JJ  ,_,  dragged_VVD  themselves_PPX2  away_RP  ,_,  and_CC  finally_RR  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  utter_JB  silence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  lifted_VVD  my_APP$  shoulders_NNS  ,_,  eased_VVD  the_AT1  burden_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  knees_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  waited_VVD  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  fought_VVD  hard_RR  not_XX  to_TO  wake_VV0  up_RP  .  
  desperately_RR  I_PPIS1  clung_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  remnants_NNS  of_IO  unconsciousness_NN  ,_,  burrowing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  thinning_JJ  layers_NNS  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  ignore_VV0  the_AT1  pain_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  voice_NN  that_PNQS called_VVD  my_APP$  name_NN  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  voice_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pain_NN  were_VBDR  winning_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  hand_NN  on_IO  my_APP$  shoulder_NN  scattered_VVD  the_AT1  last_DA  fragments_NNS  and_CC  I_PPIS1  cried_VVD  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  voice_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  time_NN  you_PPY  woke_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  .    
  odd_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  ,_,  it_PPH1  sounded_VVD  like_IO  Edwina's_PPIO2  voice_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  opened_VVD  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  room_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  daylight_NN  .  
    there_RL  !_!  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  perfectly_RR  all_RR  right_RR  now_RL  .    
  her_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  relieved_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  pushed_VVD  myself_PPX1  up_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  pillows_NNS  .  
    what_DDQ  time_NN  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    almost_RR  ten_MC  o'clock_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  glanced_VVD  at_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  to_TO  worry_VV0  about_IO  that_DD1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  a_AT1  simple_JJ  flesh_NN  wound_NN  .  
  \0Dr_NNSB1  Farnes_NP  stitched_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  for_IO  you_PPY  last_DA  night_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  still_RR  only_RR  half_RR  awake_JJ  .  
    could_VM  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    Ivy_NP  is_VBZ  bringing_VBG  you_PPY  your_APP$  breakfast_NN  as_RG  soon_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  manage_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  all_RR  behind_RP  this_DD1  morning_NN  .  
  nothing_PN1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  done_VBN  properly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  extremely_RR  upsetting_JJ  .    
  I_PPIS1  stared_VVD  at_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  afternoon_NN  and_CC  evening_NN  before_II  came_VVD  faltering_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  in_IO  patches_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  feel_VV0  the_AT1  dazzle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  torches_NNS  as_CS  Mark_NP  ,_,  Adkins_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  others_DA2  reached_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  cave_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  hurt_VBN  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  .    
  Mark_NP  had_VHD  gently_RR  eased_VBN  me_PPIO1  upright_JJ  ,_,  away_RP  from_IO  Esmond_NP  .  
  Adkins_NP  had_VHD  bent_VBN  over_IO  the_AT1  body_NN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  guarded_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  whole_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  tortured_JJ  waiting_NN  passed_VVD  before_CS  Adkins_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  else_RR  we_PPIS2  can_VM  do_VD0  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Halliwell_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suggest_VV0  you_PPY  help_VV0  Miss_NNSB1  Elliot_NP  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  follow_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  even_RR  now_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  could_VM  hear_VV0  my_APP$  own_DA  voice_NN  crying_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  Mark_NP  saying_VBG  :_:  
    hush_UH  ,_,  darling_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  dead_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  you_PPY  out_RP  of_IO  here_RL  .    
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  remember_VV0  nothing_PN1  after_IO  that_DD1  but_IO  a_AT1  close-up_NN  of_IO  \0Dr_NNSB1  Farnes's_PPIO2  face_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  bent_VVD  over_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  his_APP$  cheerful_JJ  voice_NN  saying_VBG  :_:  
    now_RL  do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  ,_,  young_JJ  lady_NN  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  going_VBG  to_TO  hurt_VV0  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  going_VBG  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  nice_JJ  ,_,  long_JJ  sleep_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  twisted_VVD  round_RP  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  look_VV0  fully_RR  at_IO  Edwina_NP  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  was_VBDZ  grey_JJ  and_CC  pinched_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  from_IO  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  eye_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  tell_VV0  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  brink_NN  of_IO  reading_VBG  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  lecture_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  cried_VVD  out_RP  accusingly_RR  :_:  
    Esmond_NP  need_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  died_VBN  if_CS  you_PPY  had_VHD  n't_XX  given_VBN  him_PPHO1  away_RP  .  
  you_PPY  came_VVD  straight_RR  back_RP  here_RL  yesterday_NN1  afternoon_NN  and_CC  telephoned_VVD  Inspector_NNSB1  Adkins_NP  .  
  how_CS could_VM  you_PPY  be_VB0  so_RG  cruel_JJ  .    
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  patiently_RR  admonishing_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  a_AT1  child_NN  .  
    if_CS  you_PPY  commit_VV0  murder_NN  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  punished_VBN  .    
  I_PPIS1  said_VVD  :_:  
    why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  play_VV0  that_DD1  horrible_JJ  cat_NN  and_CC  mouse_NN  game_NN  if_CS  you_PPY  knew_VVD  Esmond_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  .    
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  there_RL  until_CS  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  that_DD1  dog_NN  behaved_VVD  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  dresser_NN  hinges_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  mended_VBN  and_CC  oiled_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  attic_NN  was_VBDZ  bolted_VBN  .  
  when_CS that_DD1  meddlesome_JJ  policeman_NN  forced_VVD  himself_PPX1  on_IO  me_PPIO1  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  with_IO  his_APP$  story_NN  of_IO  Esmond_NP  being_VBG  alive_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  believe_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  leaned_VVD  forward_RR  ,_,  said_VVD  fiercely_RR  :_:  
    and_CC  do_VD0  you_PPY  know_VV0  why_CS I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  believe_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
  I_PPIS1  shook_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  .  
    because_CS  if_CS  he_PPHO1  were_VBDR  speaking_VBG  the_AT1  truth_NN  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  that_CS  all_DB  of_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  in_RR  particular_RR  ,_,  Charlotte_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  wilfully_RR  deceived_VBN  me_PPIO1  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  pleasant_JJ  to_TO  learn_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  granddaughter_NN  to_IO  whom_WPO  you_PPY  've_VH0  given_VBN  nothing_PN1  but_IO  kindness_NN  ,_,  whom_WPO  you_PPY  've_VH0  tried_VBN  to_TO  love_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  sheltering_VBG  the_AT1  murderer_NN  of_IO  .  .    
  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  Danny's_PPIO2  name_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  precious_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  spoken_VBN  before_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  closed_VVD  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  recovered_VVD  herself_PPX1  .  
    I_PPIS1  'd_VM  never_RR  have_VH0  believed_VBN  you_PPY  were_VBDR  capable_JJ  of_IO  such_DA  deceit_NN  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Mark_NP  I_PPIS1  blame_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  you_PPY  behaved_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  shall_VM  never_RR  forgive_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  to_TO  leave_VV0  this_DD1  house_NN  .  .    
  I_PPIS1  broke_VVD  in_RP  on_IO  her_APP$  tirade_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  how_CS it_PPH1  happened_VVD  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  Esmond_NP  .  
  Mark_NP  wanted_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  n't_XX  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    let_VV0  him_PPHO1  !_!  
  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  !_!    she_PPHO1  burst_VVD  out_RP  .  
    a_AT1  grown_JJ  man_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  keeper_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  conscience_NN  ,_,  not_XX  at_IO  the_AT1  mercy_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  silly_JJ  ,_,  sentimental_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  and_CC  a_AT1  fine_JJ  help_NN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  to_IO  you_PPY  !_!  
  you_PPY  might_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  killed_VBN  .    
    where_CS is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  now_RL  .    I_PPIS1  asked_VVD  .  
    where_CS you_PPY  'd_VM  expect_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  be_VB0  !_!  
  explaining_VBG  his_APP$  conduct_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fumbling_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Ivy_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  ,_,  breathless_JJ  ,_,  awkward_JJ  .  
  when_CS she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,  Edwina_NP  bent_VVD  over_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  an_AT1  egg_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  gave_VVD  orders_NNS  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  there_EX  's_VBZ  some_DD  honey_NN  .  
  that_DD1  'll_VM  do_VD0  you_PPY  good_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  just_RR  want_VV0  the_AT1  tea_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  no_UH  ,_,    she_PPHO1  protested_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  must_VM  eat_VV0  a_AT1  good_JJ  breakfast_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  promise_VV0  you_PPY  what_DDQ  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  meals_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  like_IO  today_NN1  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  West_NP  has_VHZ  left_VBN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  **"_**'  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Crichton_NP  smiled_VVD  at_IO  Tandy_NP  .  
    come_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  drawing-room_NN  ,_,  dear_NN  ,_,  and_CC  talk_VV0  to_IO  us_PPIO2   .    
  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  Tandy_NP  followed_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crichton_NP  got_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  greet_VV0  her_PPHO1  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Crichton_NP  added_VVD  :_:  
    if_CS  this_DD1  visit_NN  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  think_VV0  ,_,  Tandy_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  as_RG  pleased_JJ  about_IO  it_PPH1  as_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  delighted_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Marion_NP  's_VBZ  such_DA  a_AT1  darling_NN  .    
    and_CC  your_APP$  brother_NN  is_VBZ  the_AT1  first_MD  young_JJ  man_NN  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  ever_RR  encountered_VBN  that_PNQS I_PPIS1  'd_VM  trust_VV0  my_APP$  girl_NN  to_IO  ,_,    said_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Crichton_NP  .  
  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  or_CC  so_PN1  later_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  looking_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  girl_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  been_VBN  very_RG  thoroughly_RR  kissed_VBN  ,_,  Marion_NP  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  ,_,  Jock's_PPIO2  hand_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  .  
    Mummy_NNSB1    Daddy_NNSB1    we_PPIS2      
  gently_RR  ,_,  smiling_VBG  ,_,  Jock_NP  interposed_VVD  .  
    Marion_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  love_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  an_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  if_CS  my_APP$  sister_NN  has_VHZ  had_VHN  anything_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  will_VM  n't_XX  need_VV0  telling_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  just_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  record_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  engaged_VBN  !_!    
  after_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  everyone_PN1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  kissing_VBG  everyone_PN1  else_RR  !_!  
  intermingled_VBN  with_IO  her_APP$  pleasure_NN  for_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Tandy_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  private_JJ  little_JJ  glow_NN  of_IO  happiness_NN  .  
  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  felt_VBN  responsible_JJ  for_IO  Jock_NP  ,_,  whether_CS  or_CC  not_XX  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  wanted_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
  and_CC  now_RL    he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  grand_JJ  girl_NN  like_IO  Marion_NP  to_TO  look_VV0  after_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  herself_PPX1  would_VM  be_VB0  free_JJ  .  
  free_JJ  .  to_TO  let_VV0  her_APP$  love_NN  for_IO  Granville_NP  rule_VV0  her_APP$  life_NN  for_RR  ever_RR  .  
  long_RR  after_CS  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Jock_NP  had_VHD  got_VBN  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  lay_VVD  awake_JJ  thinking_VBG  of_IO  Granville_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  tomorrow_NN1  ,_,  but_CCB  not_XX  till_IO  tomorrow_NN1  night_NN  .  
  that_DD1  meant_VVD  the_AT1  whole_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  day_NN  to_TO  live_VV0  through_IO  first_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  wishing_VBG  my_APP$  whole_JJ  life_NN  away_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  smiled_VVD  gently_RR  to_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  living_VBG  through_IO  hours_NNS  of_IO  tedium_NN  ,_,  for_IO  those_DD2  precious_JJ  hours_NNS  with_IO  Granville_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  evening_NN  .  
  next_DA  morning_NN  at_IO  breakfast_NN  ,_,  Jock_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    do_VD0  n't_XX  do_VD0  anything_PN1  about_IO  supper_NN  for_IO  me_PPIO1  tonight_NN1  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .  
  Marion_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  to_TO  celebrate_VV0  our_APP$  engagement_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  shall_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  buying_VBG  the_AT1  ring_NN  until_IO  the_AT1  weekend_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  tonight_NN1  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  her_PPHO1  out_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  dinner_NN  I_PPIS1  can_VM  find_VV0  !_!    
    yes_UH  ,_,  Jock_NP  .    
  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  Tandy_NP  felt_VVD  sad_JJ  ,_,  thinking_VBG  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  pleasures_NNS  most_DA  engaged_JJ  couples_NNS  shared_VVD  would_VM  be_VB0  missing_JJ  for_IO  Jock_NP  and_CC  Marion_NP  .  
  dances_NNS  ,_,  theatres_NNS  ,_,  cinemas_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  herself_PPX1  had_VHD  never_RR  worried_VBN  about_IO  any_DD  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  then_RL  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  grown_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  a_AT1  city_NN  as_CS  Marion_NP  had_VHD  .  
  would_VM  Marion_NP  mind_VV0  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  sometimes_RR  .  
  but_CCB  reassurance_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  Tandy_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  Marion_NP  adored_VVD  Jock_NP  .  
  being_VBG  with_IO  him_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  what_DDQ  would_VM  matter_VV0  most_RBT  to_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  life_NN  ,_,  now_RL  and_CC  always_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  beginning_VBG  to_TO  feel_VV0  a_AT1  bit_NN  conscience-stricken_JJ  about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  Tandy_NP  ,_,    Jock_NP  said_VVD  suddenly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  a_AT1  selfish_JJ  devil_NN  .  
  when_CS you_PPY  're_VBR  happy_JJ  as_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,  you_PPY  're_VBR  apt_JJ  to_TO  forget_VV0      
    forget_VV0  what_DDQ  ,_,  Jock_NP  .    
    well_UH    if_CS  we_PPIS2  get_VV0  married_VBN      
    listen_VV0  ,_,  Jock_NP  dear_NN  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  if_CS  you_PPY  want_VV0  this_DD1  flat_NN  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  move_VV0  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  simple_JJ  as_IO  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  can_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  hostel_NN  ,_,  or_CC  get_VV0  digs_NNS  with_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  girls_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  college_NN  .  
  or_CC      
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  even_RR  hear_VV0  the_AT1  other_DA  word_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  trembled_VVD  softly_RR  as_IO  a_AT1  whisper_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  finish_VV0  the_AT1  sentence_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  just_RR  could_VM  n't_XX    yet_RR  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  started_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  college_NN    maybe_RR  Jock_NP  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  the_AT1  only_DA  member_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  exciting_JJ  news_NN  this_DD1  week_NN  .  
  only_LE  ,_,  until_CS  Granville_NP  really_RR  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  to_IO  Jock_NP  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  was_VBDZ  shining_VBG  and_CC  Tandy's_PPIO2  heart_NN  was_VBDZ  singing_VBG  as_CS  she_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  George_NP  Street_NNL1  that_DD1  evening_NN  and_CC  made_VVD  her_APP$  way_NN  down_RP  to_IO  Princes_NP  Street_NNL1  for_IO  the_AT1  bus_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  late_JJ  !_!    Granville_NP  said_VVD  almost_RR  accusingly_RR  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  studio_NN  .  
    sorry_JJ      
    so_PN1  you_PPY  should_VM  be_VB0  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  know_VV0  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  counting_VBG  the_AT1  minutes_NNS  ,_,  all_DB  day_NN  ,_,  till_CS  you_PPY  came_VVD  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  moved_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  wonder_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  kiss_NN  blotted_VVD  out_RP  everything_PN1  .  
    Granville_NP      she_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  shakily_RR  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  my_APP$  love_NN  !_!  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  just_RR  to_TO  keep_VV0  you_PPY  quiet_JJ  till_CS  I_PPIS1  finish_VV0  the_AT1  picture_NN  !_!  
  with_IO  any_DD  luck_NN  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  be_VB0  through_RP  with_IO  it_PPH1  tonight_NN1  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  bother_VV0  to_TO  change_VV0  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  finished_VBN  the_AT1  painting_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  dress_NN  last_DA  night_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  work_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  arms_NNS  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  left_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  pose_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  sadness_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  because_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  last_DA  time_NN  .  
  yet_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  stupid_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  sad_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  meant_VVD  something_PN1  ;_;  certainly_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  them_PPHO1  together_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  be_VB0  a_AT1  symbol_NN  .  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  stood_VVD  ,_,  feeling_VBG  the_AT1  familiar_JJ  fatigue_NN  creep_VV0  over_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  Granville_NP  suddenly_RR  threw_VVD  down_RP  his_APP$  brushes_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  let_VV0  you_PPY  see_VV0  it_PPH1  properly_RR  before_II  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  .    
  Tandy_NP  walked_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  easel_NN  and_CC  then_RL  stopped_VVD  ,_,  frowning_VBG  .  
    she_PPHO1    she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  prettier_JJ  than_CS  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ,_,  Granville_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  at_RR  last_RR  .  
    nonsense_NN  .  
  your_APP$  trouble_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  how_CS damned_RR  attractive_JJ  you_PPY  are_VBR  .    
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  annoyed_VBN  him_PPHO1  ,_,  even_RR  with_IO  the_AT1  implied_JJ  criticism_NN  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  to_TO  put_VV0  things_NNS  right_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  picture_NN  was_VBDZ  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  pretty_JJ  girl_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  ,_,  full-skirted_JJ  evening_NN  dress_NN  .  
  but_CCB    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  her_PPHO1  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  said_VBN  where_CS it_PPH1  failed_VVD  ,_,  except_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  staring_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  canvas_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  boldness_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  alien_JJ  to_IO  Tandy_NP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ    very_RG  nice_JJ  ,_,    she_PPHO1  managed_VVD  to_TO  say_VV0  at_RR  last_RR  .  
    nice_JJ  !_!  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  stupid_JJ  word_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  my_APP$  best_JJT  ever_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  to_TO  submit_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  exhibition_NN  in_IO  London_NP  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  .  
  seeing_VBG  his_APP$  pleasure_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  picture_NN  she_PPHO1  forgot_VVD  the_AT1  doubts_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  mind_NN  .  
    and_CC  now_RL  ,_,    Granville_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  go_VV0  down_RP  and_CC  have_VH0  a_AT1  drink_NN  and_CC  then_RL  perhaps_RR  go_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  some_DD  food_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  through_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  to_TO  remove_VV0  the_AT1  paint_NN  from_IO  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  quietly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  settee_NN  ,_,  wondering_VBG  why_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  that_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  strangely_RR  flat_JJ  and_CC  disappointed_JJ  .  
  perhaps_RR  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tired_JJ  ;_;  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  slept_VBN  much_RR  last_DA  night_NN  .  
  but_CCB  ,_,  perhaps_RR  ,_,  a_DA  little_DA  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reaction_NN  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  picture_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  kept_VBN  them_PPHO1  together_RR  all_DB  this_DD1  time_NN  was_VBDZ  finished_VBN    and_CC  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  like_VV0  it_PPH1  as_RG  much_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  thought_VBN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  .  
    ready_JJ  ,_,  my_APP$  love_NN  .    
  Granville_NP  came_VVD  through_RP  and_CC  pulled_VVD  on_RP  his_APP$  jacket_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  as_CS  they_PPHS2  walked_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  and_CC  just_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  reached_VVD  it_PPH1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  into_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  again_RR  .  
    sweet_JJ  Tandy_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  huskily_RR  ,_,    beloved_JJ  Tandy_NP  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  Tandy_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  crazy_JJ  about_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  my_APP$  love_NN  .    
  they_PPHS2  stood_VVD  locked_VBN  together_RR  in_IO  an_AT1  embrace_NN  which_DDQ  made_VVD  Tandy's_PPIO2  head_NN  swim_VV0  and_CC  then_RL  they_PPHS2  slipped_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  staircase_NN  and_CC  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  .  
    a_AT1  quick_JJ  drink_NN  ,_,    Granville_NP  had_VHD  said_VBN  ,_,    and_CC  then_RL  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  a_AT1  bit_NN  farther_RRR  afield_RR  .    
  his_APP$  car_NN  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  garage_NN  and_CC  Tandy_NP  waited_VVD  for_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  lounge_NN  till_CS  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  collected_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  feeling_VBG  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  always_RR  did_VDD  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  place_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  smart_JJ  people_NNS  who_PNQS invariably_RR  patronised_VVD  this_DD1  favourite_JB  bar_NN  of_IO  Granville's_PPIO2  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Granville_NP  coming_VBG  back_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  rose_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
  a_AT1  voice_NN  ,_,  just_RR  a_RR  little_RR  louder_JJ  than_CS  perhaps_RR  was_VBDZ  intended_VBN  ,_,  floated_VVD  towards_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  Granville's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  .  
  cradle-snatching_VBG  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  the_AT1  blood_NN  rush_VV0  to_IO  her_APP$  head_NN  .  
  Granville's_PPIO2  latest_JJT  !_!  
  just_RR  as_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  some_DD  girl_NN  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  picked_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  would_VM  drop_VV0  again_RR  when_CS he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tired_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  !_!  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  fiercely_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  just_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  .  
  Granville_NP  loved_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  Granville_NP  saw_VVD  her_APP$  expression_NN  and_CC  frowned_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VBZ  the_AT1  matter_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  .    
    nothing_PN1      
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  persist_VV0  as_CS  ,_,  irrationally_RR  enough_RGA  ,_,  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  wanted_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_TO  .  
  he_PPHO1  just_RR  said_VVD  :_:  
    if_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  lads_NNS  has_VHZ  been_VBN  making_VBG  cracks_NNS  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  deal_VV0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  but_CCB  any_DD  young_JJ  woman_NN  who_PNQS goes_VBZ  around_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  is_VBZ  apt_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  some_DD  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  fair_JJ  warning_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  girl_NN      
  his_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  light_JJ  .  
    where_CS are_VBR  we_PPIS2  going_VBG  ,_,    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  as_CS  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  .  
    on_IO  a_AT1  tour_NN  of_IO  inspection_NN  .  
  there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  place_NN  I_PPIS1  particularly_RR  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  see_VV0  by_IO  moonlight_NN  .  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  there_RL  ,_,  complete_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  wishing_NN  well_NN  ,_,  my_APP$  love_NN  .    
    you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    
    our_APP$  small_JJ  hotel_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  quoted_VVD  softly_RR  .  
    you_PPY  'll_VM  fall_VV0  in_IO  love_NN  with_IO  it_PPH1  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  ,_,  when_CS you_PPY  see_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .    
    here_RL  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  ,_,    said_VVD  Granville_NP  .  
  Tandy_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  quick_JJ  breath_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  perfect_JJ  .  
  hardly_RR  an_AT1  hotel_NN  at_IO  all_DB  really_RR  :_:  just_RR  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  low-thatched_JJ  building_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  white-washed_JJ  walls_NNS  stark_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  moonlight_NN  .  
  lit_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  fairy-lights_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  looked_VVD  like_IO  something_PN1  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  slipped_VVD  his_APP$  arm_NN  round_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  you_PPY  'd_VM  love_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  poppet_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  staring_VBG  ,_,  utterly_RR  bewitched_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  'd_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  well_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wishing_NN  well_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  garden_NN  .  
  as_CS  she_PPHO1  watched_VVD  she_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  standing_VBG  there_RL  ,_,  hand_NN  in_IO  hand_NN  ,_,  oblivious_JJ  to_IO  everything_PN1  but_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Granville_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  dreamed_VVD  of_IO  ,_,    Tandy_NP  said_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  whisper_NN  .  
  Granville_NP  smiled_VVD  gently_RR  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  way_NN  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  you_PPY  call_VV0  a_AT1  preview_NN  ,_,  Tandy_NP  darling_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  backed_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  out_RP  again_RR  and_CC  drove_VVD  back_RP  swiftly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  direction_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  could_VM  see_VV0  the_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  kept_VVD  glancing_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  was_VBDZ  in_IO  her_APP$  mind_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  stop_VV0  the_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  to_TO  make_VV0  love_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  down_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  lane_NN  ,_,  and_CC  slowed_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  very_RG  silent_JJ  ,_,  Tandy_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  lightly_RR  .  
    am_VBM  I_PPIS1  .    
    you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  glad_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  women_NNS  who_PNQS chatter_VV0  the_AT1  whole_JJ  time_NN  .    
    Granville_NP    Granville_NP  darling_NN      
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  his_APP$  arm_NN  round_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  drew_VVD  her_PPHO1  towards_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .  .    
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Granville_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  words_NNS  came_VVD  out_RP  with_IO  a_AT1  fire_NN  that_PNQS almost_RR  frightened_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  her_APP$  very_DA  feelings_NNS  were_VBDR  frightening_VBG  her_PPHO1  now_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  'd_VHD  had_VHN  no_AT1  idea_NN  ,_,  until_IO  this_DD1  moment_NN  ,_,  just_RR  how_CS desperately_RR  disturbing_JJ  love_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  .  .  
  his_APP$  lips_NNS  came_VVD  down_RP  hard_RR  on_IO  hers_PP$  and_CC  she_PPHO1  clung_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    Granville_NP    darling_NN      
    my_APP$  love_NN      
  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  struggled_VVD  free_JJ  from_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Tandy_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    you_PPY  've_VH0  seen_VBN  our_APP$  hotel_NN  .  
  you_PPY  know_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  waiting_VBG  for_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  when_CS is_VBZ  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  .    
    Granville_NP  !_!    
  suddenly_RR  now_RL  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  and_CC  wonderful_JJ  and_CC  not_XX  a_AT1  bit_NN  frightening_JJ  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
    Granville_NP  darling_NN  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  while_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  wait_VV0  until_CS  Jock_NP  and_CC  Marion_NP  are_VBR  married_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  that_DD1  'll_VM  be_VB0  long_RR  now_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  found_VBN  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  and_CC  they_PPHS2  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  together_RR  always_RR  .  
  but_CCB    but_CCB  once_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  married_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  you_PPY  and_CC  I_PPIS1  .  
  oh_UH  ,_,  Granville_NP  ,_,  say_VV0  it_PPH1  .    
    say_VV0  what_DDQ  ,_,  my_APP$  sweet_NN  .    
    say_VV0    I_PPIS1  love_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1      
  abruptly_RR  he_PPHO1  drew_VVD  his_APP$  arm_NN  from_IO  her_APP$  shoulders_NNS  .  
  abruptly_RR  he_PPHO1  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  car_NN  ignition_NN  .  
    another_DD1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  !_!    
  his_APP$  tone_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  lash_NN  .  
  but_CCB  what_DDQ  had_VHD  she_PPHO1  done_VBN  .  
    another_DD1  of_IO  what_DDQ  .    
  over_IO  the_AT1  purr_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  engine_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  voice_NN  came_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  :_:  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  like_IO  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  Tandy_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  just_RR  can_VM  n't_XX  believe_VV0  that_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  car_NN  into_IO  gear_NN  ,_,  put_VVD  his_APP$  foot_NN  down_RP  .  
  in_IO  silence_NN  they_PPHS2  drove_VVD  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  no_AT1  more_DA  until_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  right_RR  outside_IO  the_AT1  flat_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .    
    you_PPY  're_VBR  angry_JJ  with_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  Granville_NP  .  
  why_CS .  
  what_DDQ  have_VH0  I_PPIS1  done_VBN  .    
    done_VBN  .  
  nothing_PN1  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  disappointed_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  you_PPY  were_VBDR  different_JJ  .  
  like_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  honest_JJ  .  
  straight_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  do_VD0  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .    
    how_CS I_PPIS1  hate_VV0  and_CC  despise_VV0  the_AT1  kind_NN  of_IO  woman_NN  who_PNQS will_VM  only_RR  settle_VV0  for_IO  a_AT1  wedding_NN  ring_NN  ,_,  Tandy_NP  .  
  marriage_NN  is_VBZ  something_PN1  foisted_VBN  on_IO  us_PPIO2   by_IO  people_NNS  who_PNQS like_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  cages_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  too_RG  scared_JJ  of_IO  freedom_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  understand_VV0  ,_,    her_APP$  voice_NN  trembled_VVD  .  
    loving_VBG  people_NNS  ,_,  Granville_NP  ,_,  means_VBZ  you_PPY  want_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  always_RR    and_CC  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS people_NNS  get_VV0  married_VBN  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  they_PPHS2  can_VM  be_VB0  together_RR  always_RR  .    
    and_CC  you_PPY  think_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  mumbled_JJ  words_NNS  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  and_CC  a_AT1  gold_NN  band_NN  on_IO  your_APP$  finger_NN  makes_VBZ  you_PPY  more_RG  capable_JJ  of_IO  loving_VBG  .  
  is_VBZ  that_DD1  it_PPH1  .    
    Granville_NP    it_PPH1  would_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  the_AT1  Registrar_NNSB1  for_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  dreamed_VBN  about_IO  falling_VBG  in_IO  love_NN  and_CC  getting_VBG  married_VBN  and_CC  though_CS  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  love_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  then_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  just_RR  felt_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  want_VV0  to_TO  stand_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  church_NN  ,_,  and_CC    have_VH0  the_AT1  blessing_NN      
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sorry_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  obvious_JJ  we_PPIS2  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  look_VV0  at_IO  things_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  way_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  and_CC  I_PPIS1  .  
  Tandy_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  blame_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  your_APP$  attitude_NN  .  **"_**'  short_JJ  story_NN  by_IO  Martin_NP  Maycock_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  throughout_IO  the_AT1  long_JJ  dark_JJ  hours_NNS  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  .  .  
  waiting_VBG  for_IO  Stephen_NP  .  
  .  what_DDQ  had_VHD  come_VBN  between_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  his_APP$  son_NN  .  
  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  Monica_NP  Gill_NP  .  
  that_DD1  Saturday_NN1  ,_,  Stephen_NP  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  home_NN1  from_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  hall_NN  before_IO  five_MC  .  
  his_APP$  father_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  hard_RR  at_IO  work_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  desk_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  notice_VV0  the_AT1  time_NN  passing_VBG  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  well_RR  past_IO  six_MC  when_CS he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thumped_VVD  his_APP$  papers_NNS  into_IO  a_AT1  tidy_JJ  shape_NN  ,_,  lit_VVD  his_APP$  last_DA  cigarette_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  out_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  landing_NN  .  
    Stephen_NP  .  
  are_VBR  you_PPY  back_RP  ,_,  Stephen_NP  .    
  his_APP$  voice_NN  sounded_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  .  
  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  reply_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  was_VBDZ  puzzled_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  rather_RR  quickly_RR  ,_,  looked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  walked_VVD  out_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  there_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  Alan_NP  stood_VVD  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lawn_NN  ,_,  enjoying_VBG  the_AT1  warm_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  wind_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  oak_NN  tree_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  allotments_NNS  behind_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  was_VBDZ  standing_VBG  absolutely_RR  still_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  perfect_JJ  for_IO  cricket_NN  .  
  if_CS  Stephen_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  rehearsal_NN  on_IO  time_NN  they_PPHS2  could_VM  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  spot_NN  of_IO  practice_NN  .  .  
  Alan_NP  mooned_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  ,_,  feeling_VBG  vaguely_RR  let_VBN  down_RP  .  
  if_CS  Mary_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  home_NN1  ,_,  they_PPHS2  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Swansons'_NPS$  dinner_NN  party_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  ,_,  and_CC  now_RL  no_AT1  cricket_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  went_VVD  inside_RP  again_RR  and_CC  stood_VVD  by_IO  the_AT1  bay_NN  window_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  room_NN  .  
  except_IO  for_II  George_NP  Sheriff_NP  ,_,  clipping_VBG  his_APP$  hedge_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  road_NN  was_VBDZ  empty_JJ  .  
  Alan_NP  stood_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  looking_VBG  out_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  drumming_VBG  lightly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  sill_NN  .  
  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  stopped_VVD  drumming_VBG  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  blue_JJ  blazer_NN  was_VBDZ  walking_VBG  along_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  came_VVD  about_RR  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  turned_VVD  in_RP  at_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  gate_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  went_VVD  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  ,_,  hurrying_VBG  towards_IO  the_AT1  white_JJ  gate_NN  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  blazer_NN  answered_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  knocked_VVD  .  
  Alan_NP  knew_VVD  him_PPHO1  ;_;  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  Stephen's_PPIO2  class_NN  .  
    Gerald_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    Stephen_NP  's_VBZ  not_XX  home_NN1  yet_RR  from_IO  the_AT1  rehearsal_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  time_NN  did_VDD  you_PPY  finish_VV0  .    
    not_XX  till_IO  five_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  around_RP  at_IO  John_NP  Purdy's_PPIO2  since_II  .    
  Alan_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  watch_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  now_RL  ten_MC  past_IO  seven_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  who_PNQS  Stephen_NP  left_VVD  with_IO  .    
  Gerald_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  doubtfully_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  go_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  earlier_RRR  .    
  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  swinging_VBG  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  nervously_RR  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  he_PPHO1  leave_VV0  earlier_RRR  ,_,  Gerald_NP  .    
  Gerald_NP  was_VBDZ  silent_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  still_RR  swinging_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  laughing_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    laughing_VBG  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
    when_CS he_PPHO1  recited_VVD  his_APP$  poem_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  laughing_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  because_CS  Anderson_NP  tore_VVD  his_APP$  trousers_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  nail_NN  .  
  Stephen_NP  stopped_VVD  saying_VBG  his_APP$  poem_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Field_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  on_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  just_RR  stood_VVD  there_RL  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  off_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  door_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  see_VV0  him_PPHO1  again_RR  .    
    any_DD  idea_NN  where_CS I_PPIS1  might_VM  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  no_UH  .  not_XX  unless_CS  he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  round_RP  at_IO  Cobbold's_PPIO2  .    
    Cobbold's_PPIO2  .    
  Alan_NP  repeated_VVD  the_AT1  name_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
  then_RL  :_:  
    where_CS does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  live_VV0  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  .  
  somewhere_RR  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .    
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  Alan_NP  some_DD  time_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  across_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  porch_NN  and_CC  pushed_VBN  through_IO  the_AT1  inner_JB  door_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_PN1  one_PN  inside_RP  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  vestry_NN  door_NN  was_VBDZ  open_JJ  .  
  Alan_NP  crossed_VVD  the_AT1  nave_NN  ,_,  knocked_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  open_JJ  door_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  in_RP  .  
  Field_NP  was_VBDZ  working_VBG  at_IO  some_DD  papers_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  old_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  curate_NN  .  
  fortyish_JJ  .  
  Alan's_PPIO2  age_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  explained_VVD  about_IO  Stephen_NP  being_VBG  late_JJ  and_CC  Field_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  realised_VBN  that_CS  Stephen_NP  had_VHD  left_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .  
    he_PPHO1  muffed_VVD  some_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  lines_NNS  this_DD1  afternoon_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Deane_NP  .  
  that_DD1  probably_RR  upset_VVD  him_PPHO1  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  worry_VV0  .  
    he_PPHO1  'll_VM  be_VB0  back_RP  for_IO  supper_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  .  
    Mary_NP  's_VBZ  visiting_VBG  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
  if_CS  Stephen_NP  's_VBZ  not_XX  home_NN1  when_CS she_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  back_RP  I_PPIS1  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  'll_VM  do_VD0  .    
  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  quiet_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  then_RL  Alan_NP  asked_VVD  Field_NP  if_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  where_CS a_AT1  boy_NN  named_VBN  Cobbold_NP  lived_VVD  .  
  Field_NP  delved_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  card_NN  index_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  the_AT1  address_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  a_AT1  slip_NN  of_IO  paper_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  young_JJ  Cobbold_NP  a_AT1  friend_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  lad_NN  then_RL  .    
  Alan_NP  shrugged_VVD  .  
    if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  the_AT1  boy_NN  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  thinking_VBG  of_IO  ,_,  Stephen_NP  brought_VVD  him_PPHO1  round_RP  once_RR  .  
  just_RR  the_AT1  once_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  put_VV0  my_APP$  foot_NN  down_RP  there_RL  .    
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  to_TO  go_VV0  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Deane_NP  .    
  Alan_NP  turned_VVD  .  
    \0Mr_NNSB1  Deane_NP  ,_,  why_CS did_VDD  Stephen_NP  decide_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  n't_XX  really_RR  like_VV0  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
  Alan_NP  did_VDD  not_XX  reply_VV0  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    some_DD  people_NNS  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  others_DA2  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Field_NP  .  
  and_CC  some_DD  people_NNS  get_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  job_NN  themselves_PPX2  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  always_RR  buckled_VBN  down_RP  to_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    and_CC  Stephen_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  feels_VBZ  the_AT1  same_DA  .    
  Alan_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  in_IO  training_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  moved_VVD  away_RP  across_IO  the_AT1  nave_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  back_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  porch_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  heard_VVD  a_AT1  step_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Field_NP  again_RR  .  
    you_PPY  go_VV0  down_RP  to_IO  this_DD1  Cobbold_NP  boy_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  calls_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  meet_VV0  you_PPY  back_RP  at_IO  your_APP$  house_NN  .  
  if_CS  I_PPIS1  find_VV0  Stephen_NP  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  bring_VV0  him_PPHO1  straight_RR  home_NN1  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  front_JB  gate_NN  to_IO  Cobbold's_PPIO2  house_NN  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  van_NN  ,_,  rather_RR  dilapidated_JJ  ,_,  stood_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  grassy_JJ  gravel_NN  drive_NN  .  
  Cobbold's_PPIO2  mother_NN  answered_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  Alan_NP  rather_RR  vaguely_RR  and_CC  sent_VVD  him_PPHO1  round_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  back_NN  .  
  Cobbold_NP  was_VBDZ  there_RL  ,_,  feeding_VBG  some_DD  small_JJ  animals_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  hutch_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  boy_NN  Alan_NP  remembered_VVD  :_:  thick_JJ  glasses_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  rather_RR  weedy_JJ  .  
  none_RR  too_RG  clean_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  wanted_VBN  to_TO  drag_VV0  Stephen_NP  off_RP  somewhere_RR  with_IO  his_APP$  elder_JJ  brother_NN  after_IO  dark_NN  .  
  to_TO  photograph_VV0  bats_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  something_PN1  equally_RR  ludicrous_JJ  .  
  quite_DA  an_AT1  unsuitable_JJ  type_NN  of_IO  boy_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  did_VDD  n't_XX  refer_VV0  to_IO  their_APP$  previous_JJ  meeting_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  Stephen_NP  Deane's_PPIO2  father_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  happen_VV0  to_TO  know_VV0  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  .    
  the_AT1  boy_NN  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  n't_XX  been_VBN  round_RP  today_NN1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Deane_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  n't_XX  there_EX  a_AT1  concert_NN  or_CC  something_PN1  up_RP  at_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Mary's_PPIO2  .    
  Alan_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
  Cobbold_NP  seemed_VVD  to_TO  find_VV0  it_PPH1  difficult_JJ  to_TO  express_VV0  himself_PPX1  clearly_RR  .  
    is_VBZ  Stephen_NP  lost_VBN  then_RL  .    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  want_VV0  me_PPIO1  to_TO  find_VV0  him_PPHO1  for_IO  you_PPY  .    
    no_UH  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  rather_RR  sharply_RR  .  
    if_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  call_VV0  in_RP  ,_,  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  go_VV0  home_NN1  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  .    
  Stephen_NP  still_RR  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  back_RP  when_CS he_PPHO1  got_VVD  home_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  dark_JJ  now_RL  indoors_RL  .  
  Alan_NP  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  light_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  light_NN  ,_,  filled_VVD  the_AT1  kettle_NN  and_CC  set_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  walked_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  and_CC  switched_VVD  the_AT1  light_NN  on_RP  there_RL  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  out_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  someone_PN1  was_VBDZ  tapping_VBG  the_AT1  door-knocker_NN  softly_RR  .  
  Alan_NP  went_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  who_PNQS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Field_NP  .  
    home_NN1  yet_RR  .    Field_NP  asked_VVD  .  
  Alan_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  no_AT1  news_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  ,_,    Field_NP  said_VVD  .  
    no_AT1  news_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  news_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  called_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  've_VH0  had_VHN  no_AT1  accidents_NNS  reported_VBN  .    
    would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .    Alan_NP  asked_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  insisted_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  should_VM  take_VV0  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  .  
  Field_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  across_IO  the_AT1  rim_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  teacup_NN  .  
    should_VM  n't_XX  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  .    Alan_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  him_PPHO1  to_TO  pull_VV0  his_APP$  weight_NN  .  
  the_AT1  concert_NN  's_VBZ  for_IO  the_AT1  parish_NN  development_NN  fund_NN  .    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  cause_NN  ,_,    Field_NP  said_VVD  briefly_RR  .  
  they_PPHS2  finished_VVD  the_AT1  tea_NN  and_CC  then_RL  Alan_NP  started_VVD  ringing_VBG  people_NNS  up_RP  .  
  at_IO  half-past_RR  nine_MC  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  interval_NN  between_IO  calls_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  telephone_NN  rang_VVD  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  police_NNS  station_NN  .  
  a_AT1  voice_NN  wanted_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  if_CS  Stephen_NP  was_VBDZ  home_NN1  yet_RR  .  
  when_CS Alan_NP  said_VVD  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  ,_,  the_AT1  voice_NN  said_VVD  a_AT1  car_NN  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  round_RP  .  
  the_AT1  police_NNS  car_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  arrive_VV0  almost_RR  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  when_CS Alan_NP  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  there_EX  were_VBDR  two_MC  men_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  step_NN  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  plain_JJ  clothes_NNS  .  
  Alan_NP  took_VVD  them_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  ;_;  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  suddenly_RR  cold_JJ  and_CC  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  electric_JJ  fire_NN  .  
  the_AT1  older_JJ  man_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  sergeant_NN  ,_,  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  told_VVD  him_PPHO1  how_CS Stephen_NP  was_VBDZ  said_VBN  to_TO  have_VH0  walked_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  rehearsal_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  n't_XX  been_VBN  seen_VBN  since_II  .  
  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  wife_NN  was_VBDZ  away_RP  visiting_VBG  her_APP$  sister_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  had_VHD  a_AT1  notebook_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  knee_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  full_JJ  name_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  .  
  Stephen_NP  Roger_NP  Kearsley_NP  Deane_NP  .  
  age_NN  .  
  ten_MC  years_NNS  .  
  description_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sergeant's_NN1$  notes_NNS  soon_RR  filled_VVD  a_AT1  page_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  book_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  over_RP  on_RP  to_IO  a_AT1  clean_JJ  page_NN  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  names_NNS  of_IO  boys_NNS  that_PNQS Stephen_NP  knew_VVD  .  
  when_CS Alan_NP  thought_VVD  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  that_CS  Stephen_NP  had_VHD  no_AT1  very_RG  close_JJ  friends_NNS  .  
    he_PPHO1  's_VBZ  rather_DA  a_AT1  shy_JJ  boy_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  finished_VBN  writing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  up_RP  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  not_XX  told_VBN  your_APP$  wife_NN  yet_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  gestured_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  phone_NN  .  
    not_XX  yet_RR  .    
    are_VBR  things_NNS  normally_RR  a_RR  little_RR  difficult_JJ  between_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  the_AT1  boy_NN  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  mind_VV0  me_PPIO1  asking_VBG  this_DD1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Deane_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  help_VV0  us_PPIO2   .  
  from_IO  what_DDQ  's_VHZ  been_VBN  said_VBN  I_PPIS1  gather_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  very_RG  keen_JJ  on_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  this_DD1  concert_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  do_VD0  you_PPY  often_RR  have_VH0  rows_NNS  over_IO  things_NNS  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
  he_PPHO1  stared_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  sergeant_NN  .  
    there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  row_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  never_RR  any_DD  rows_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  brawl_VV0  in_IO  this_DD1  house_NN  .    
    trouble_NN  between_IO  you_PPY  and_CC  your_APP$  wife_NN  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  shade_NN  of_IO  expression_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  sergeant's_NN1$  heavy_JJ  face_NN  .  
    anything_PN1  that_PNQS might_VM  worry_VV0  the_AT1  boy_NN  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  momentary_JJ  pause_NN  .  
    no_UH  .  
  nothing_PN1  .    
  Field_NP  left_VVD  about_RR  ten_MC  minutes_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  detectives_NNS  .  
  Alan_NP  went_VVD  with_IO  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  gate_NN  .  
  as_CS  Field_NP  drew_VVD  away_RP  on_IO  his_APP$  motorcycle_NN  Alan_NP  noticed_VVD  a_AT1  knot_NN  of_IO  men_NNS  under_IO  the_AT1  street_NN  lamp_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  men_NNS  broke_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  came_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  Alan_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Roy_NP  Fox_NP  ,_,  father_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  ,_,  Gerald_NP  .  
    we_PPIS2  are_VBR  going_VBG  out_RP  round_IO  the_AT1  streets_NNS  ,_,    Fox_NP  said_VVD  .  
    they_PPHS2  're_VBR  parcelling_VBG  them_PPHO1  out_RP  now_RL  .  
  we_PPIS2  're_VBR  going_VBG  in_IO  twos_MC2  .    
    I_PPIS1  ought_VM  to_TO  come_VV0  with_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  .  
    but_CCB  the_AT1  police_NNS  said_VVD  to_TO  stay_VV0  here_RL  for_IO  Mary_NP  .    
  Fox_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  thin_JJ  man_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  ginger_JJ  \0R.A.F_NP  moustache_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  gripped_VVD  Alan's_PPIO2  hand_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  group_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  lamppost_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  went_VVD  indoors_RL  .  
  upstairs_RL  in_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  on_RP  a_AT1  thick_JJ  blue_JJ  jersey_NN  under_IO  his_APP$  sports_NNS  coat_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  again_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  torch_NN  but_CCB  could_VM  not_XX  find_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  Mary_NP  arrived_VVD  home_NN1  by_IO  taxi_NN  .  
    Stephen_NP  's_VHZ  not_XX  come_VBN  home_NN1  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  pushing_VBG  the_AT1  door_NN  closed_VBN  behind_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  Mary_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  .  
    where_CS is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  then_RL  .    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  her_APP$  face_NN  seemed_VVD  very_RG  pale_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  weak_JJ  light_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  .  
  Alan_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  how_CS things_NNS  were_VBDR  .  
    who_PNQS  have_VH0  you_PPY  checked_VBN  with_IO  .  
  the_AT1  Bruces_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  Smails_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  Willoughbys_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  Cartwrights_NP2  .    
  at_IO  each_DD1  name_NN  Alan_NP  nodded_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  phoned_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  police_NNS  are_VBR  going_VBG  round_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  explained_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  detectives_NNS  .  
    David_NP  Forrest's_PPIO2  mother_NN  .    
    Field_NP  saw_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  Field_NP  from_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  kept_VBN  him_PPHO1  until_IO  now_RL  .    
  still_RR  in_IO  her_APP$  coat_NN  ,_,  Mary_NP  stood_VVD  up_RP  and_CC  went_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  living-room_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  telephone_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  people_NNS  she_PPHO1  rang_VVD  had_VHD  been_VBN  checked_VBN  already_RR  but_CCB  Alan_NP  let_VVD  her_PPHO1  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .  
  at_RR  last_RR  she_PPHO1  put_VVD  the_AT1  phone_NN  down_RP  ,_,  went_VVD  over_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  and_CC  sat_VVD  there_RL  hugging_VBG  her_APP$  coat_NN  around_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .    Alan_NP  asked_VVD  .  
  Mary_NP  said_VVD  nothing_PN1  .  
    they_PPHS2  seem_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  upset_JJ  at_IO  being_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  concert_NN  ,_,    Alan_NP  said_VVD  .  
    perhaps_RR  I_PPIS1  should_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  put_VBN  him_PPHO1  in_RP  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  's_VHZ  got_VBN  to_TO  learn_VV0  to_TO  mix_VV0  and_CC  to_TO  do_VD0  his_APP$  whack_NN  .    
    why_CS .    Mary_NP  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  a_AT1  good_JJ  mixer_NN  .  
  some_DD  people_NNS  are_VBR  n't_XX  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  looking_VBG  intently_RR  at_IO  her_APP$  hands_NNS  .  
  now_RL  she_PPHO1  raised_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  into_IO  Alan's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  .  
    sometimes_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  disappointed_JJ  in_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY    because_CS  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  join_VV0  in_RP  with_IO  this_DD1  and_CC  that_DD1  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  you_PPY  love_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  but_CCB  sometimes_RR  you_PPY  are_VBR  disappointed_JJ  .  
    and_CC  what_DDQ  you_PPY  do_VD0  n't_XX  like_VV0  to_TO  say_VV0  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  you_PPY  say_VV0  to_IO  Stephen_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  're_VBR  worried_JJ  in_IO  case_NN  he_PPHO1  grows_VBZ  up_RP  like_IO  his_APP$  mother_NN  .    
  Alan_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  do_VD0  my_APP$  best_JJT  for_IO  the_AT1  boy_NN  .    
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  not_XX  good_JJ  enough_RGA  .  
  your_APP$  best_JJT  does_VBZ  n't_XX  matter_VV0  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  his_APP$  best_JJT  that_PNQS is_VBZ  important_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  himself_PPX1  ,_,  Alan_NP  .  
  make_VV0  his_APP$  own_DA  choices_NNS  .  
  look_VV0  how_CS he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  a_AT1  kitten_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  birthday_NN  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  football_NN  boots_NNS  .  **"_**'  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  daughters_NNS  .  
  by_IO  Anne_NP  Weale_NP  .  
  illustrated_VBN  by_IO  Denis_NP  Alford_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  pebble_NN  thrown_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  quiet_JJ  ,_,  still_JJ  pool_VV0  when_CS Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  met_VVD  the_AT1  doctor's_NN1$  daughters_NNS  !_!  
  the_AT1  story_NN  so_RG  far_RR  .  
  for_IO  three_MC  years_NNS  after_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Robert_NP  Elliot_NP  ,_,  Branford_NP  Hall_NNL1  lay_VVD  empty_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  overgrown_JJ  grounds_NNS  became_VVD  a_AT1  favourite_JB  haunt_NN  of_IO  Rachel_NP  Burney_NP  ,_,  eldest_JJT  of_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  doctor's_NN1$  three_MC  daughters_NNS  .  
  Rachel_NP  had_VHD  kept_VBN  house_NN  for_IO  her_APP$  widowed_JJ  father_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  younger_JJ  sisters_NNS  ,_,  Carola_NP  and_CC  Suzy_NP  ,_,  and_CC  their_APP$  fluttery_JJ  aunt_NN  ,_,  Rachel_NP  Burney_NP  ,_,  ever_RR  since_IO  leaving_VBG  art_NN  school_NN  some_DD  years_NNS  previously_RR  .  
  one_MC1  sunny_JJ  May_NN1  morning_NN  Rachel_NP  woke_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  daydream_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Branford_NP  orchard_NN    she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  wondering_VBG  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  would_VM  ever_RR  marry_VV0  Edward_NP  Forrester_NP  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  since_IO  childhood_NN    to_TO  find_VV0  herself_PPX1  being_VBG  scrutinised_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  bronzed_JJ  man_NN  .  
  in_IO  her_APP$  consternation_NN  and_CC  not_XX  realising_VBG  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Sir_NNSB1  Robert's_PPIO2  Canadian_JJ  grandson_NN  ,_,  Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  accused_VVD  him_PPHO1  of_IO  trespassing_VBG  !_!  
  later_RRR  ,_,  listening_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  Canadian's_NNP$  sarcastic_JJ  comments_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  accompanied_VVD  him_PPHO1  through_IO  the_AT1  dusty_JJ  ,_,  neglected_JJ  rooms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  ,_,  Rachel_NP  became_VVD  convinced_VBN  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  most_RG  provoking_JJ  ,_,  arrogant_JJ  man_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  met_VBN  .  .  
  at_IO  tea_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  filled_VBN  with_IO  dismay_NN  when_CS Doctor_NNSB1  Burney_NP  suddenly_RR  announced_VVD  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  invited_VBN  the_AT1  new_JJ  owner_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Hall_NNL1  to_IO  dinner_NN  that_DD1  evening_NN  .  
  twenty-year-old_JB  Carola_NP  ,_,  the_AT1  beauty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  returned_VVD  home_NN1  delighted_JJ  because_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  appointed_VBN  house_NN  model_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  store_NN  where_CS she_PPHO1  worked_VVD  .  
  tubby_JJ  ,_,  fourteen-year-old_JB  Suzy_NP  was_VBDZ  frankly_RR  envious_JJ  .  
  promptly_RR  at_IO  six-thirty_MC  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  knock_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  Rachel_NP  opened_VVD  it_PPH1    and_CC  was_VBDZ  struck_VBN  dumb_JJ  .  
  gone_VBN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  casually_RR  dressed_JJ  Canadian_NN1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  thought_VBN  a_AT1    backwoodsman_NN      this_DD1  Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  was_VBDZ  immaculately_RR  tailored_VBN  .  .  
  the_AT1  story_NN  now_RL  continues_VBZ  .  
  although_CS  Rachel_NP  had_VHD  spent_VBN  most_DA  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  where_CS even_RR  rich_JJ  people_NNS  wore_VVD  ancient_JJ  tweeds_NNS  and_CC  faded_JJ  raincoats_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  fail_VV0  to_TO  recognise_VV0  the_AT1  faultless_JJ  cut_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  suit_NN  which_DDQ  now_RL  replaced_VVD  the_AT1  disreputable_JJ  slacks_NNS  Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  had_VHD  worn_VBN  earlier_RRR  that_DD1  day_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  immaculate_JJ  cream_JJ  silk_NN  shirt_NN  and_CC  olive_NN  green_JJ  gum-twill_NN  tie_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  bought_VBN  at_IO  some_DD  very_RG  expensive_JJ  shirtmakers_NNS  .  
  perching_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  edge_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sofa_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tried_VVD  vainly_RR  to_TO  think_VV0  of_IO  something_PN1  to_TO  say_VV0  and_CC  was_VBDZ  relieved_JJ  when_CS the_AT1  visitor_NN  broke_VVD  the_AT1  silence_NN  by_IO  asking_VBG  permission_NN  to_TO  smoke_VV0  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  please_UH  do_VD0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  hastily_RR  ,_,  looking_VBG  about_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  ivory_NN  cigarette_NN  box_NN  that_PNQS her_APP$  father_NN    himself_PPX1  a_AT1  pipe-smoker_NN    kept_VVD  for_IO  guests_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  before_CS  she_PPHO1  could_VM  discover_VV0  where_CS it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  moved_VBN  ,_,  Elliot_NP  produced_VVD  a_AT1  slim_JJ  silver_NN  case_NN  and_CC  offered_VVD  it_PPH1  .  
    n-no_UH  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY  .    
  the_AT1  foolish_JJ  stammer_NN  made_VVD  her_PPHO1  even_RR  more_RG  self-conscious_JJ  .  
    my_APP$  father_NN  says_VBZ  you_PPY  are_VBR  staying_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  Saracen_NN1  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Elliot_NP  .  
  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  comfortable_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  couple_NN  who_PNQS run_VV0  it_PPH1  now_RL  have_VH0  only_RR  been_VBN  there_RL  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  hotel_NN  side_NN  is_VBZ  quite_RR  new_JJ  .    
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  flicking_VBG  his_APP$  black_JJ  enamelled_JJ  lighter_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  that_CS  his_APP$  hands_NNS  ,_,  mahogany_NN  dark_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  pale_JJ  cream_JJ  cuffs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  shirt_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  clinically_RR  clean_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  nails_NNS  pared_VBN  short_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  tips_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  long_JJ  lean_JJ  fingers_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  cuff-links_NNS  were_VBDR  plain_JJ  gold_NN  rectangles_NNS  and_CC  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  wear_VV0  a_AT1  signet_NN  ring_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  extremely_RR  comfortable_JJ  ,_,  thanks_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  answered_VVD  quietly_RR  .  
    my_APP$  room_NN  overlooks_VBZ  the_AT1  village_NN  green_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  told_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  stream_NN  running_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  quite_DA  a_AT1  history_NN  .    
    the_AT1  goose_NN  beck_NN  .  
  yes_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  .  
  people_NNS  used_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  all_DB  their_APP$  washing_NN  in_IO  it_PPH1  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  widens_VBZ  into_IO  a_AT1  pool_NN  up_RP  near_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS they_PPHS2  ducked_VVD  witches_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  ages_NNS  .    
  he_PPHO1  drank_VVD  some_DD  sherry_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  disconcertingly_RR  keen_JJ  as_CS  he_PPHO1  watched_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  you_PPY  were_VBDR  not_XX  very_RG  pleased_JJ  to_TO  hear_VV0  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  coming_VBG  tonight_NN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  bluntly_RR  .  
  Rachel_NP  swallowed_VVD  ,_,  unable_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  his_APP$  glance_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  should_VM  apologise_VV0  for_IO  saying_VBG  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  to_IO  you_PPY  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  flushing_VBG  .  
    it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  rude_JJ  of_IO  me_PPIO1  .    
    on_IO  the_AT1  contrary_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  refreshingly_RR  frank_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  look_VV0  very_RG  attractive_JJ  when_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  angry_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  mockery_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  glancing_VBG  round_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  :_:  
    where_CS is_VBZ  the_AT1  hound_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Baskervilles_NP2  tonight_NN1  .    
  she_PPHO1  stiffened_VVD  .  
    Bolster_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  coolly_RR  ,_,  furious_JJ  that_CS  the_AT1  lazy_JJ  ,_,  almost_RR  caressing_JJ  note_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  voice_NN  had_VHD  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  heightening_VBG  her_APP$  colour_NN  .  
    you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  beginning_VBG      
  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  rising_VBG  to_IO  his_APP$  feet_NNS  as_CS  Miss_NNSB1  Burney_NP  and_CC  Suzy_NP  entered_VVD  .  
  Rachel_NP  made_VVD  the_AT1  introductions_NNS  and_CC  left_VVD  her_APP$  aunt_NN  to_TO  take_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  pouring_VBG  a_AT1  sherry_NN  for_IO  Aunt_NNSB1  Florence_NP  when_CS the_AT1  door_NN  swung_VVD  open_JJ  and_CC  Carola_NP  made_VVD  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  grand_JJ  entrances_NNS  .  
  after_IO  contributing_VBG  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  pounds_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  exchequer_NN    some_DD  of_IO  which_DDQ  she_PPHO1  invariably_RR  borrowed_VVD  back_RP  before_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  week_NN    Carola_NP  spent_VVD  all_DB  her_APP$  earnings_NNS  on_IO  clothes_NNS  and_CC  cosmetics_NNS  .  
  every_AT1  Friday_NN1  saw_VVD  some_DD  addition_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  wardrobe_NN  .  
  if_CS  no_AT1  dress_NN  ,_,  shoes_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  handbag_NN  had_VHD  appealed_VBN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  then_RL  she_PPHO1  would_VM  buy_VV0  jewellery_NN  ,_,  make-up_NN  or_CC  nylons_NNS  .  
  to_TO  be_VB0  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  minute_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  essential_JJ  to_IO  Carola_NP  as_IO  eating_NN  or_CC  sleeping_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  pored_VVD  over_IO  fashion_NN  magazines_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  professional_JJ  absorption_NN  that_PNQS her_APP$  father_NN  gave_VVD  to_IO  his_APP$  medical_JJ  journals_NNS  or_CC  Miss_NNSB1  Burney_NP  to_IO  horoscopes_NNS  .  
  tonight_NN1  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wearing_VBG  her_APP$  latest_JJT  acquisition_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  dress_NN  of_IO  misty_JJ  blue-green_JJ  chiffon_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sleeveless_JJ  bloused_JJ  bodice_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  flurry_NN  of_IO  pleats_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  .  
  her_APP$  eyelids_NNS  shimmered_VVD  with_IO  silvery_JJ  aquamarine_JJ  shadow_NN  and_CC  her_APP$  lipstick_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  subtle_JJ  amber-rose_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  willowy_JJ  and_CC  fragile_JJ  and_CC  a_AT1  delicious_JJ  scent_NN  wafted_VVD  from_IO  her_PPHO1  as_CS  she_PPHO1  moved_VVD  .  
  Elliot_NP  stood_VVD  up_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  eyebrows_NNS  tilting_VBG  appreciatively_RR  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  put_VBN  out_RP  by_IO  the_AT1  interruption_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Burney_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  Carola_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  second_MD  niece_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Elliot_NP  .    
  Carola_NP  smiled_VVD  and_CC  held_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  small_JJ  cool_JJ  hand_NN  ,_,  her_APP$  silver_NN  bracelets_NNS  tinkling_VBG  .  
    how_CS do_VD0  you_PPY  do_VD0  .  
  welcome_JJ  to_IO  England_NP  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Elliot_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  charmingly_RR  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  mischievous_JJ  candour_NN  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  must_VM  say_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  a_AT1  bit_NN  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  expected_VVD  .    
  he_PPHO1  laughed_VVD  .  
    what_DDQ  did_VDD  you_PPY  expect_VV0  .    
  Carola_NP  sank_VVD  gracefully_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  chair_NN  and_CC  crossed_VVD  her_APP$  legs_NNS  ,_,  revealing_VBG  so_RG  much_DA  knee_NN  that_CS  Aunt_NNSB1  Florence_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS disapproved_VVD  of_IO  recent_JJ  fashion_NN  trends_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  anxious_JJ  signals_NNS  to_IO  her_PPHO1  to_TO  pull_VV0  her_APP$  skirt_NN  down_RP  .  
    we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  n't_XX  really_RR  expecting_VBG  anyone_PN1  at_IO  all_DB  after_IO  so_RG  long_RR  ,_,    Carola_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  ignoring_VBG  the_AT1  signs_NNS  .  
    but_CCB  you_PPY  are_VBR  not_XX  at_IO  all_DB  like_IO  your_APP$  grandfather_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  stump_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  stick_NN  and_CC  growl_VV0  at_IO  people_NNS  through_IO  his_APP$  moustache_NN  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  he_PPHO1  never_RR  growled_VVD  at_IO  you_PPY  .    
  Daniel_NP  looked_VVD  amused_VBN  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  terrified_JJ  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .    
  she_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  reminiscent_JJ  shiver_NN  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  twirling_VBG  imaginary_JJ  whiskers_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  a_AT1  very_RG  creditable_JJ  imitation_NN  of_IO  Sir_NNSB1  Robert's_PPIO2  deep_JJ  bass_NN  voice_NN  .  
    really_RR  ,_,  Carola_NP  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  surprised_JJ  at_IO  you_PPY  !_!    Miss_NNSB1  Burney_NP  protested_VVD  indignantly_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  long_JJ  thin_JJ  nose_NN  turning_VBG  pink_JJ  with_IO  mortification_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  irreverent_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  mimicry_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  apologetically_RR  at_IO  their_APP$  guest_NN  .  
    your_APP$  grandfather_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  most_RG  charming_JJ  old_JJ  gentleman_NN  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Elliot_NP  ,_,  and_CC  greatly_RR  respected_VBN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  assured_VVD  him_PPHO1  earnestly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  dare_VV0  say_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  milder_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  carelessly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  believe_VV0  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  several_DA  attempts_NNS  to_TO  patch_VV0  things_NNS  up_RP  with_IO  my_APP$  father_NN  but_CCB  none_PN1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  successful_JJ  .    
    what_DDQ  did_VDD  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  row_NN  about_IO  .    Carola_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    everyone_PN1  knows_VBZ  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  colossal_JJ  bust-up_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  no_PN1  one_PN  knows_VBZ  why_CS .    
  before_CS  Elliot_NP  could_VM  reply_VV0  ,_,  Doctor_NNSB1  Burney_NP  came_VVD  in_RP  and_CC  Rachel_NP  slipped_VVD  away_RP  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  finishing_JJ  touches_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  supper_NN  table_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  little_DA  part_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  conversation_NN  during_IO  the_AT1  meal_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  emerged_VVD  that_CS  Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  could_VM  pilot_VV0  a_AT1  plane_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  travelled_VBN  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  and_CC  had_VHD  an_AT1  informed_JJ  taste_NN  in_IO  art_NN  ,_,  literature_NN  and_CC  music_NN  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  reached_VBN  the_AT1  coffee_NN  stage_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  sickeningly_RR  clear_JJ  to_IO  Rachel_NP  that_CS  ,_,  far_RR  from_IO  being_VBG  an_AT1  uncouth_JJ  product_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  backwoods_NNS  as_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  supposed_VBN    and_CC  perhaps_RR  indicated_VBN  by_IO  her_APP$  manner_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1    Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  knew_VVD  ten_MC  times_NNS  more_RRR  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  than_CS  anyone_PN1  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  met_VBN  .  
    may_VM  I_PPIS1  give_VV0  you_PPY  a_AT1  hand_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  washing_NN  up_RP  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  as_CS  they_PPHS2  rose_VVD  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  .  
    thank_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  would_VM  really_RR  rather_RR  do_VD0  it_PPH1  myself_PPX1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  politely_RR  .  
    Rachel_NP  is_VBZ  the_AT1  madly_RR  domesticated_JJ  type_NN  .  
  you_PPY  would_VM  probably_RR  put_VVD  everything_PN1  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  place_NN  and_CC  then_RL  she_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  re-organise_VV0  them_PPHO1  .  
  you_PPY  hate_VV0  things_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  out_RP  of_IO  order_NN  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  sweetie_NN  .    Carola_NP  said_VVD  teasingly_RR  .  
  Rachel_NP  smiled_VVD  ,_,  wondering_VBG  why_CS a_AT1  passion_NN  for_IO  tidiness_NN  always_RR  sounded_VVD  such_DA  a_AT1  petty_JJ  ,_,  old-maidish_JJ  foible_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  a_AT1  bit_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  admitted_VVD  evenly_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  make_VV0  some_DD  more_DA  coffee_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  will_VM  n't_XX  be_VB0  long_RR  .    
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  just_RR  dried_VBN  the_AT1  last_DA  plate_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  setting_VBG  clean_JJ  coffee_NN  cups_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  tray_NN  ,_,  when_CS a_AT1  dark-haired_JJ  ,_,  spectacled_JJ  young_JJ  man_NN  put_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  window_NN  .  
    coming_VBG  for_IO  a_AT1  walk_NN  ,_,  Rachel_NP  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  hello_UH  ,_,  Edward_NP  !_!  
  no_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  tonight_NN1  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  regretfully_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  a_AT1  visitor_NN  .  
  come_VV0  in_RP  and_CC  pay_VV0  your_APP$  respects_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  lord_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  manor_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  others_DA2  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  the_AT1  prodigal_JJ  grandson_NN  had_VHD  finally_RR  turned_VBN  up_RP  .    
  Edward_NP  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  he_PPHO1  like_IO  .    
    quite_RR  pleasant_JJ  ,_,    Rachel_NP  said_VVD  evasively_RR  ,_,  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  pantry_NN  for_IO  more_DA  milk_NN  .  
  Edward_NP  leaned_VVD  against_IO  the_AT1  dresser_NN  ,_,  watching_VBG  her_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  tall_JJ  and_CC  lanky_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  thin_JJ  ,_,  clever_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  slightly_RR  stooped_JJ  shoulders_NNS  .  
  as_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  fitted_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  rowdy_JJ  gang_NN  of_IO  village_NN  lads_NNS  and_CC  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  Branford_NP  grammar_NN  School_NNL1  and_CC  walked_VVD  away_RP  with_IO  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  academic_JJ  laurels_NNS  ,_,  his_APP$  friends_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  similarly_RR  quiet_JJ  and_CC  studious_JJ  .  
  oddly_RR  ,_,  Rachel_NP  ,_,  then_RL  a_AT1  pigtailed_JJ  tomboy_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  liked_VBN  him_PPHO1  better_RRR  than_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  boisterous_JJ  youths_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,  Rachel_NP      
  he_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  ,_,  fiddling_VBG  with_IO  the_AT1  strap_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  wristwatch_NN  .  
    mm_UH  ,_,  what_DDQ  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  ,_,  wishing_VBG  the_AT1  kettle_NN  would_VM  hurry_VV0  up_RP  and_CC  boil_VV0  .  
    I_PPIS1  rather_RR  wanted_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  you_PPY  tonight_NN1  .    
    you_PPY  sound_VV0  very_RG  mysterious_JJ  .  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  up_RP  .    
  he_PPHO1  hesitated_VVD  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  for_IO  one_MC1  thing_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  been_VBN  promoted_VBN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  Edward_NP  ,_,  how_CS lovely_JJ  !_!  
  congratulations_NNS  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  flushed_VVD  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  pretty_RR  encouraging_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  my_APP$  income_NN  will_VM  improve_VV0  considerably_RR  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  wanted_VVD  you_PPY  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  first_MD  to_TO  know_VV0  .    
  Rachel_NP  smiled_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    I_PPIS1  always_RR  knew_VVD  you_PPY  would_VM  do_VD0  great_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  affectionately_RR  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  because_CS  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  the_AT1  appropriate_JJ  gesture_NN  and_CC  because_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  him_PPHO1  for_IO  so_RG  long_RR  ,_,  she_PPHO1  laid_VVD  her_APP$  hands_NNS  lightly_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  shoulders_NNS  and_CC  reached_VVD  up_RP  to_TO  kiss_VV0  his_APP$  cheek_NN  .  
  Edward's_PPIO2  reaction_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  clasp_VV0  her_PPHO1  eagerly_RR  round_IO  the_AT1  waist_NN  and_CC  return_VV0  the_AT1  kiss_NN  so_RG  heartily_RR  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  much_RR  taken_VBN  aback_RR  to_TO  do_VD0  anything_PN1  but_CS  submit_VV0  .  
  when_CS ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  released_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  too_RG  breathless_JJ  and_CC  shaken_VBN  to_TO  free_VV0  herself_PPX1  and_CC  could_VM  only_RR  stand_VV0  dazedly_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  circle_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  arms_NNS  ,_,  trying_VBG  to_TO  decide_VV0  whether_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  liked_VBN  it_PPH1  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Rachel_NP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  can_VM  ask_VV0  you_PPY  to_TO  marry_VV0  me_PPIO1  now_RL  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  huskily_RR  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  care_VV0  for_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  dearest_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  say_VV0    yes_UH    .    
  Rachel_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  blankly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  known_VBN  for_IO  years_NNS  that_CS  Edward_NP  was_VBDZ  fond_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  that_CS  everyone_PN1  assumed_VVD  they_PPHS2  would_VM  eventually_RR  marry_VV0  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  vague_JJ  ,_,  wait-till-it-happens_JB  way_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  assumed_VBN  it_PPH1  herself_PPX1  .  
  but_CCB  now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  actually_RR  proposed_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  discovered_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  notion_NN  how_CS to_TO  answer_VV0  him_PPHO1  .  
  although_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  twenty-four_MC  ,_,  she_PPHO1  still_RR  thought_VVD  of_IO  marriage_NN  as_IO  something_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  ,_,  Edward_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  answered_VVD  lamely_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  so_RG    so_RG  sudden_JJ  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  she_PPHO1  searched_VVD  for_IO  words_NNS  to_TO  explain_VV0  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  touched_VBN  and_CC  flattered_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  question_NN  which_DDQ  could_VM  be_VB0  settled_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  split_JJ  second_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  movement_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  caught_VVD  her_APP$  eye_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  wave_NN  of_IO  furious_JJ  and_CC  embarrassed_JJ  colour_NN  suffusing_VBG  her_APP$  face_NN  and_CC  throat_NN  .  
  calmly_RR  ,_,  his_APP$  mouth_NN  twitching_VBG  ,_,  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  brilliant_JJ  with_IO  undisguised_JJ  amusement_NN  ,_,  Daniel_NP  Elliot_NP  strolled_VVD  forward_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  came_VVD  to_TO  carry_VV0  the_AT1  tray_NN  for_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  politely_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  chosen_VBN  an_AT1  inopportune_JJ  moment_NN  .    
  for_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  an_AT1  eternity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  about_RR  fifteen_MC  seconds_NNS  ,_,  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  strained_JJ  silence_NN  .  
  anyone_PN1  with_IO  a_AT1  skin_NN  thinner_JJ  than_IO  a_AT1  rhinoceros_NN  hide_NN  would_VM  have_VH0  muttered_VBN  an_AT1  apology_NN  and_CC  hastily_RR  retreated_VBN  ,_,  Rachel_NP  thought_VVD  furiously_RR  .  across_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  .  
  Hilton_NP  Friars_NP  .  
  Tommy_NP  Blaney's_PPIO2  nose_NN  was_VBDZ  pressed_VBN  flat_JJ  against_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  window_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  blue_JJ  eyes_NNS  gazing_VBG  seriously_RR  through_IO  a_AT1  wisp_NN  of_IO  fair_JJ  hair_NN  which_DDQ  would_VM  keep_VV0  falling_VBG  across_IO  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  pushed_VVD  his_APP$  lower_JJ  lip_NN  forward_RR  and_CC  blew_VVD  the_AT1  strands_NNS  away_RP  again_RR  and_CC  ,_,  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  time_NN  ,_,  stood_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  rubbed_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  together_RR  happily_RR  .  
  his_APP$  sister_NN  Margaret_NP  would_VM  look_VV0  beautiful_JJ  in_IO  that_DD1  dress_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  wistfully_RR  ,_,  just_RR  like_CS  he_PPHO1  imagined_VVD  an_AT1  angel_NN  would_VM  look_VV0  .  
  his_APP$  eyes_NNS  lit_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  excitement_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  dug_VVD  his_APP$  hands_NNS  deep_RR  into_IO  the_AT1  pockets_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  duffle_NN  coat_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  buy_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  feel_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twopence_NNS  halfpenny_NN  which_DDQ  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  closed_VVD  upon_IO  revealed_VVD  the_AT1  cold_JJ  result_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  financial_JJ  position_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  happy_JJ  expression_NN  faded_VVD  .  
  he_PPHO1  gave_VVD  a_AT1  manly_JJ  little_JJ  shrug_NN  and_CC  turned_VVD  slowly_RR  away_RP  .  
  how_CS much_DA  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  anyway_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  himself_PPX1  miserably_RR  .  
  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  than_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  in_IO  his_APP$  money_NN  box_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  sidled_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  looked_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  .  
  fifteen_MC  guineas_NNS  it_PPH1  said_VVD  ,_,  plain_JJ  as_IO  anything_PN1    that_DD1  was_VBDZ  paper_NN  money_NN  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  .  
  he_PPHO1  stood_VVD  thoughtfully_RR  looking_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  dress_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  doorway_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  .  
  on_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  ,_,  Michael_NP  Price_NP  paused_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  dictating_NN  and_CC  stared_VVD  absently_RR  down_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  floor_NN  of_IO  Bank_NNL1  Buildings_NPLS  .  
  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  Stella_NP  Travis_NP  ,_,  a_AT1  discontented-looking_JJ  girl_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  notebook_NN  balanced_VBN  on_IO  her_APP$  lap_NN  above_IO  shapely_JJ  crossed_JJ  legs_NNS  ,_,  looked_VVD  casually_RR  at_IO  her_APP$  long_JJ  silver-lacquered_JJ  finger_NN  nails_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  fast_RR  coming_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  conclusion_NN  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  wasting_VBG  her_APP$  charms_NNS  on_IO  this_DD1  new_JJ  boss_NN  of_IO  hers_PP$  ,_,  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  upon_IO  her_PPHO1  as_IO  a_AT1  mere_JB  dictating_NN  machine_NN  .  
  if_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  get_VV0  on_RP  with_IO  this_DD1  letter_NN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  be_VB0  late_JJ  for_IO  her_APP$  lunch_NN  date_NN  ,_,  and_CC  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  more_DA  she_PPHO1  'd_VM  tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  so_PN1  shortly_RR  .  
  Michael_NP  watched_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  figure_NN  standing_VBG  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  shop_NN  window_NN  and_CC  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  could_VM  possibly_RR  be_VB0  attracting_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  boy_NN  so_RG  much_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  displaying_VBG  outfits_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  bride_NN  and_CC  wedding_NN  guests_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  remembered_VVD  that_CS  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  childhood_NN  he_PPHO1  spent_VVD  hours_NNS  looking_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  shop_NN  that_PNQS sold_VVD  meccano_NN  sets_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  ladies'_NN2  shops_NNS  never_RR  had_VHD  any_DD  appeal_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  attitude_NN  intrigued_VVD  him_PPHO1  until_CS  he_PPHO1  just_RR  could_VM  n't_XX  contain_VV0  his_APP$  curiosity_NN  any_RR  longer_RRR  .  
  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  suddenly_RR  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  all_DB  now_RL  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Travis_NP  ,_,  thank_VV0  you_PPY    we_PPIS2  'll_VM  leave_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  till_CS  after_IO  lunch_NN  ,_,    and_CC  quickly_RR  gathering_VBG  up_RP  his_APP$  hat_NN  and_CC  gloves_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  left_VVD  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  's_VHZ  got_VBN  him_PPHO1  .    Miss_NNSB1  Travis_NP  wondered_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  curiosity_NN  taking_VBG  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  saw_VVD  Michael_NP  cross_VV0  the_AT1  square_NN  and_CC  stop_VV0  in_IO  front_II  of_II  the_AT1  shop_NN  window_NN  that_PNQS had_VHD  attracted_VBN  Tommy_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  just_RR  disappeared_VBN  round_IO  the_AT1  corner_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  scrutinised_VVD  the_AT1  window_NN  display_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  of_IO  discovering_VBG  what_DDQ  had_VHD  so_RR  held_VBN  the_AT1  child's_NN1$  attention_NN  .  
  surely_RR  it_PPH1  could_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  been_VBN  the_AT1  dresses_NNS  .  
  what_DDQ  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  creation_NN  in_IO  lace_NN  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  accompanying_VBG  some_DD  lucky_JJ  fellow_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  church_NN  aisle_NN  soon_RR  .  
  a_RR  little_RR  disappointed_JJ  at_IO  not_XX  having_VHG  his_APP$  curiosity_NN  satisfied_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  turned_VVD  away_RP  and_CC  almost_RR  collided_VVD  with_IO  Stella_NP  Travis_NP  .  
    pretty_JJ  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    she_PPHO1  purred_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  he_PPHO1  raised_VVD  his_APP$  hat_NN  in_IO  some_DD  embarrassment_NN  .  
    some_DD  lucky_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  pouted_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  looked_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  coyly_RR  .  
    er-er-yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  just_RR  admiring_VBG  the_AT1  lace_NN    quite_DA  a_AT1  change_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  woollens_NNS  we_PPIS2  see_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  stammered_VVD  clumsily_RR  .  
  why_CS did_VDD  Miss_NNSB1  Travis_NP  always_RR  make_VV0  him_PPHO1  feel_VV0  such_DA  an_AT1  idiot_NN    she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  so_RG  poised_JJ  and_CC  self-assured_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  made_VVD  no_AT1  attempt_NN  to_TO  move_VV0  away_RP  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  firmly_RR  ,_,  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  must_VM  n't_XX  keep_VV0  you_PPY  from_IO  your_APP$  lunch_NN  ,_,    and_CC  quickly_RR  left_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  Stella_NP  Travis_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  far_RR  too_RG  thick-skinned_JJ  to_TO  take_VV0  that_DD1  as_IO  a_AT1  rebuff_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  day_NN  as_CS  Michael_NP  sat_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  his_APP$  mind_NN  wandered_VVD  to_IO  that_DD1  earnest_JJ  little_JJ  boy_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  seen_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  the_AT1  previous_JJ  day_NN  .  
  the_AT1  ordeal_NN  of_IO  dictation_NN  with_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Travis_NP  was_VBDZ  over_RP  for_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  ,_,  thank_VV0  goodness_NN  .  
  yesterday's_NP1  encounter_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  given_VBN  her_PPHO1  ideas_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  casting_VBG  coy_JJ  glances_NNS  at_IO  him_PPHO1  all_DB  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  good_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  get_VV0  her_PPHO1  transferred_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  an_AT1  embarrassment_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  speak_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  secretary_NN  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  he_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  and_CC  immediately_RR  forgot_VVD  his_APP$  problem_NN  typist_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  saw_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  boy_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  shop_NN  again_RR  .  
  Tommy_NP  bent_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  ruler_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  stocking_NN  ,_,  held_VVD  it_PPH1  at_IO  arm's_NN1$  length_NN  and_CC  surveyed_VVD  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  then_RL  ,_,  with_IO  one_MC1  eye_NN  closed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  measure_VV0  how_CS many_DA  times_NNS  it_PPH1  would_VM  go_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  length_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bride's_NN1$  dress_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  this_DD1  several_DA  times_NNS  ,_,  much_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  amusement_NN  of_IO  passers_NNS  by_RP  ,_,  of_IO  whom_WPO  Tommy_NP  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  oblivious_JJ  .  
  Michael's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  softened_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  recalled_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  childhood_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  good_JJ  reason_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  grateful_JJ  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  Edward's_PPIO2  Orphanage_NP  for_IO  the_AT1  opportunities_NNS  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  made_VBN  available_JJ  to_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  which_DDQ  consequently_RR  led_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  good_JJ  position_NN  he_PPHO1  now_RL  held_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  firm_NN  .  
  little_JJ  boys_NNS  ,_,  therefore_RR  ,_,  always_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  very_RG  special_JJ  interest_NN  for_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  and_CC  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  at_IO  Tommy's_PPIO2  side_NN  in_IO  next_RR  to_RR  no_AT1  time_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  Tommy_NP  was_VBDZ  far_RR  too_RG  busy_JJ  with_IO  his_APP$  measuring_NN  to_TO  notice_VV0  Michael_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  smiling_NN  at_IO  his_APP$  serious_JJ  little_JJ  face_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  put_VVD  an_AT1  arm_NN  gently_RR  on_IO  Tommy's_PPIO2  shoulder_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  's_VBZ  the_AT1  lucky_JJ  girl_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  seriously_RR  .  
  Tommy_NP  answered_VVD  excitedly_RR  ,_,  
    my_APP$  sister_NN  Margaret_NP  .  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  measured_VBN    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  right_JJ  for_IO  her_PPHO1    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  as_RG  long_JJ  as_IO  her_APP$  nighty_NN    .  
  Michael_NP  stifled_VVD  a_AT1  laugh_NN  and_CC  adopted_VVD  a_AT1  man-to-man_JB  attitude_NN  .  
    does_VBZ  your_APP$  sister_NN  want_VV0  that_DD1  dress_VV0  .    
    she_PPHO1  'd_VM  look_VV0  beautiful_JJ  in_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,    Tommy_NP  said_VVD  dreamily_RR  .  
  Michael_NP  tried_VVD  again_RR  .  
    is_VBZ  she_PPHO1  getting_VBG  married_VBN  .    
    she_PPHO1  will_VM  be_VB0  soon_RR  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  want_VV0  her_PPHO1  to_TO  have_VH0  that_DD1  lovely_JJ  dress_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  just_RR  like_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  she_PPHO1  told_VVD  my_APP$  little_JJ  sister_NN  and_CC  me_PPIO1  about_IO  in_IO  a_AT1  story_NN  where_CS the_AT1  prince_NN  came_VVD  from_IO  far_RR  ,_,  far_RR  away_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  big_JJ  ship_NN  .  
  Margaret_NP  said_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  like_VV0  a_AT1  dress_NN  like_IO  that_DD1  when_CS she_PPHO1  married_VVD  her_APP$  prince_NN  .  
  my_APP$  sister_NN  's_VBZ  the_AT1  best_JJT  sister_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  finished_VVD  proudly_RR  ,_,  putting_VBG  the_AT1  ruler_NN  back_RP  in_IO  his_APP$  stocking_NN  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  any_DD  money_NN  .    Michael_NP  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  .  
    how_CS much_DA  is_VBZ  fifteen_MC  guineas_NNS  really_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  12_MC  \0s_NNU  7_MC  1/2_MC  \0d_NNU  in_IO  my_APP$  money_NN  box_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  super_JJ  butterfly_NN  collection_NN  I_PPIS1  could_VM  sell_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  dad_NN  said_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  worth_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  .    
    would_VM  n't_XX  your_APP$  dad_NN  buy_VV0  the_AT1  dress_NN  for_IO  Margaret_NP  .    Michael_NP  asked_VVD  helpfully_RR  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  got_VBN  a_AT1  dad_NN    or_CC  a_AT1  mum_NN  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  mister_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  burned_VBN  when_CS our_APP$  house_NN  caught_VVD  fire_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  almost_RR  without_IO  expression_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS I_PPIS1  want_VV0  to_TO  get_VV0  the_AT1  dress_NN  for_IO  Margaret_NP    she_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  after_IO  Tina_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  ,_,  and_CC  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  beautiful_JJ  and_CC  kind_JJ    .  
  Tommy_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  clock_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  nearby_JB  church_NN  .  
    ooh_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  late_RR    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  going_VBG  home_NN1  for_IO  my_APP$  dinner_NN  or_CC  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  be_VB0  late_JJ  back_RP  for_IO  school_NN    .  
  Michael_NP  was_VBDZ  too_RG  interested_JJ  now_RL  to_TO  leave_VV0  Tommy_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  going_VBG  your_APP$  way_NN    .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  Tommy's_PPIO2  direction_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  see_VV0  you_PPY  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  .  
  where_CS is_VBZ  your_APP$  school_NN  .    he_PPHO1  asked_VVD  .  
    in_IO  Bridge_NNL1  Street_NNL1    .  
  Tommy_NP  indicated_VVD  the_AT1  direction_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  nod_NN  .  
    just_RR  behind_IO  the_AT1  station_NN    .  
  Michael_NP  remembered_VVD  seeing_VBG  a_AT1  small_JJ  school_NN  near_IO  several_DA  rows_NNS  of_IO  houses_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  school_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  centre_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  Tommy_NP  pointed_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  important-looking_JJ  building_NN  rising_VBG  high_RR  above_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  blocks_NNS  of_IO  buildings_NNS  .  
    see_VV0  right_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  mister_NN  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  curtains_NNS  are_VBR    that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS we_PPIS2  live_VV0  .  
  my_APP$  Grandpa_NNSB1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  caretaker_NN  and_CC  Margaret_NP  and_CC  Tina_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  came_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  there_RL  after_CS  our_APP$  house_NN  got_VVD  burned_VBN  .  
  Margaret_NP  helps_VBZ  Grandpa_NNSB1  now_RL  'cos_CS  Grandma_NP  's_VBZ  ill_JJ  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  job_NN  soon_RR    .  
  he_PPHO1  paused_VVD  to_TO  consider_VV0  and_CC  then_RL  chatted_VVD  on_RP  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  nice_JJ  living_VBG  high_RR  up_RP    you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  all_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  can_VM  hear_VV0  the_AT1  big_JJ  burr_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Town_NNL1  Hall_NNL1  clock_NN  when_CS it_PPH1  's_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  strike_VV0    .  
  he_PPHO1  burred_VVD  several_DA  times_NNS  in_IO  demonstration_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  thought_VVD  how_CS quiet_JJ  and_CC  lonely_JJ  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  at_IO  night_NN  living_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  buildings_NNS  ,_,  when_CS all_DB  the_AT1  office_NN  workers_NNS  had_VHD  left_VBN  the_AT1  city_NN  and_CC  were_VBDR  spending_VBG  their_APP$  leisure_NN  hours_NNS  at_IO  home_NN1  in_IO  the_AT1  suburbs_NNS  .  
    how_CS does_VBZ  it_PPH1  feel_VV0  going_VBG  to_IO  bed_NN  so_RG  high_RR  up_RP  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  nice_JJ  .  .    
  Tommy_NP  smiled_VVD  up_RP  at_IO  Michael_NP  .  
    every_AT1  night_NN  Tina_NP  and_CC  me_PPIO1  sit_VV0  by_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  looking_VBG  down_RP  on_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  twinkling_JJ  lights_NNS  while_CS  Margaret_NP  tells_VBZ  us_PPIO2   a_AT1  story_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  quiet_JJ  and_CC  beautiful_JJ  ,_,  Mister_NNSB1    .  
    just_RR  like_IO  being_VBG  on_IO  a_AT1  ship_NN  at_IO  night_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  ,_,    Michael_NP  said_VVD  ,_,    with_IO  the_AT1  twinkling_JJ  stars_NNS  to_TO  light_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  dark_JJ  sky_NN    .  
  Tommy's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  shone_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  you_PPY  been_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  ship_NN  then_RL  .    
    yes_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  sailed_VVD  back_RP  from_IO  South_NP  Africa_NP  a_DA  few_DA  months_NNS  ago_RR    .  
  Tommy_NP  showed_VVD  his_APP$  admiration_NN  .  
    you_PPY  would_VM  love_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  animals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  game_NN  preserve_NN  there_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  know_VV0    .  
    sounds_VBZ  smashing_JJ    .  
  they_PPHS2  turned_VVD  a_AT1  corner_NN  and_CC  Tommy_NP  pointed_VVD  to_IO  an_AT1  imposing_JJ  looking_JJ  entrance_NN  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS we_PPIS2  live_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  turned_VVD  to_TO  wave_VV0  goodbye_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  crossed_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  roadway_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  screeching_NN  of_IO  brakes_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  shout_NN  and_CC  Michael_NP  was_VBDZ  just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  snatch_VV0  a_AT1  white-faced_JJ  Tommy_NP  back_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  pavement_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  car_NN  just_RR  grazing_VBG  his_APP$  leg_NN  .  
    are_VBR  you_PPY  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  Michael's_PPIO2  face_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  anxiety_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  frightened_JJ  child_NN  .  
  the_AT1  colour_NN  had_VHD  drained_VBN  from_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  .  
  Michael_NP  gently_RR  steered_VVD  him_PPHO1  across_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  take_VV0  you_PPY  home_NN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  comforted_VVD  .  
  Tommy_NP  had_VHD  obviously_RR  had_VHN  a_AT1  nasty_JJ  shock_NN  and_CC  Michael_NP  was_VBDZ  just_RR  wondering_VBG  what_DDQ  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  him_PPHO1  when_CS a_AT1  young_JJ  girl_NN  came_VVD  hurrying_VBG  down_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  ,_,  her_APP$  face_NN  flushed_JJ  and_CC  her_APP$  fair_JJ  curls_NNS  bobbing_VBG  as_CS  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  .  
  tenderly_RR  she_PPHO1  placed_VVD  her_APP$  arms_NNS  round_IO  Tommy_NP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  poor_JJ  Tommy_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  hurt_VBN  ,_,  are_VBR  you_PPY  hurt_VBN  .    she_PPHO1  cried_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  both_DB2  ways_NNS  before_IO  crossing_VBG  the_AT1  road_NN  like_CS  you_PPY  promised_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  you_PPY  through_IO  the_AT1  window_NN    .  
  all_DB  her_APP$  thoughts_NNS  were_VBDR  for_IO  Tommy_NP  as_CS  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  him_PPHO1  over_RP  for_IO  hurts_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  comforted_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  loving_JJ  words_NNS  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  Tommy_NP  ,_,  nothing_PN1  must_VM  happen_VV0  to_IO  you_PPY  ,_,    she_PPHO1  whispered_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  clutched_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  quite_RR  oblivious_JJ  of_IO  Michael_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  little_DA  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  child_NN  herself_PPX1  ,_,  Michael_NP  thought_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  could_VM  n't_XX  help_VV0  staring_VBG  .  
  her_APP$  dark_JJ  eyelashes_NNS  lay_VVD  damp_JJ  and_CC  shining_VBG  on_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  then_RL  and_CC  opened_VVD  her_APP$  eyes_NNS    blue_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  cloudless_JJ  day_NN  .  
    come_VV0  along_RP  ,_,  Tommy_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    come_VV0  and_CC  show_VV0  Grandpa_NNSB1  you_PPY  're_VBR  all_RR  right_RR  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  then_RL  that_CS  she_PPHO1  noticed_VVD  Michael_NP  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  so_RG  rude_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  only_RR  of_IO  Tommy_NP  .  
  thank_VV0  you_PPY  for_IO  saving_VBG  him_PPHO1  from_IO  a_AT1  nasty_JJ  accident_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  shyly_RR  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  full_JJ  of_IO  gratitude_NN  .  
  her_APP$  arm_NN  round_IO  Tommy_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  went_VVD  up_IO  the_AT1  steps_NNS  together_RR  .  
  Michael_NP  stood_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  feeling_VBG  useless_JJ  and_CC  very_RG  much_RR  the_AT1  passer-by_NN  .  
  the_AT1  warmth_NN  and_CC  affection_NN  showered_VVD  on_IO  young_JJ  Tommy_NP  by_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  sister_NN  Margaret_NP  ,_,  brought_VVD  home_NN1  to_IO  Michael_NP  the_AT1  absence_NN  of_IO  family_NN  affection_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  childhood_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  thoughtfully_RR  walked_VVD  away_RP  .  
  Michael_NP  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  window_NN  very_RG  often_RR  after_IO  that_DD1  and_CC  wondered_VVD  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  see_VV0  Tommy_NP  again_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  several_DA  days_NNS  went_VVD  by_RP  without_IO  even_RR  a_AT1  glimpse_NN  of_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Travis_NP  constantly_RR  followed_VVD  Michael's_PPIO2  gaze_NN  and_CC  once_RR  she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  him_PPHO1  if_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  looking_VBG  for_IO  anyone_PN1  special_JJ  .  
  she_PPHO1  knew_VVD  now_RL  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  moved_VBN  to_IO  another_DD1  department_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  seem_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  making_VBG  any_DD  headway_NN  personally_RR  with_IO  Michael_NP  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  mind_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  the_AT1  sooner_RRR  the_AT1  better_JJ  and_CC  more_DA  luck_NN  next_DA  time_NN  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  motto_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  told_VBN  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  transferred_VBN  until_CS  they_PPHS2  got_VVD  someone_PN1  to_TO  take_VV0  her_APP$  place_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  that_DD1  dress_NN  has_VHZ  gone_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  ,_,    she_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  pointedly_RR  ,_,    the_AT1  lace_NN  wedding_NN  gown_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  the_AT1  one_MC1  you_PPY  were_VBDR  looking_VBG  at_IO  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  ago_RR  .  .    
    oh_UH  that_DD1    I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  thinking_VBG  of_IO  having_VHG  one_MC1  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  with_IO  an_AT1  attempt_NN  at_IO  laughing_VBG  it_PPH1  off_RP  .  
  he_PPHO1  found_VVD  it_PPH1  easier_JJ  to_TO  evade_VV0  her_APP$  advances_NNS  now_CS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  knew_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  being_VBG  transferred_VBN  .  
    one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  many_DA  young_JJ  men_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  sweeping_VBG  you_PPY  off_IO  your_APP$  feet_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  days_NNS  ,_,    he_PPHO1  went_VVD  on_RP  provocatively_RR  ,_,  
    better_RRR  mind_VV0  your_APP$  step_NN    .  a_AT1  girl_NN  on_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  .  
    Queen_NNSB1  Street_NNL1  at_RR  last_RR  ,_,    sighed_VVD  the_AT1  plump_JJ  woman_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  slackened_VVD  speed_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  a_AT1  time_NN  it_PPH1  's_VHZ  taken_VBN  to_TO  reach_VV0  Glasgow_NP  !_!    
  Morag_NP  Baxter_NP  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  surprised_JJ  smile_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  not_XX  found_VBN  the_AT1  journey_NN  from_IO  Oban_NP  long_JJ  or_CC  tedious_JJ  .  
  there_EX  had_VHD  been_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  see_VV0  .  
  so_PN1  much_DA  to_TO  think_VV0  about_IO  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  scarcely_RR  glanced_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  magazines_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  .  
  Morag_NP  looked_VVD  eagerly_RR  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  excited_JJ  but_CCB  tried_VVD  not_XX  to_TO  show_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  after_IO  ten_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  nearly_RR  half_DB  her_APP$  lifetime_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  back_RP  in_IO  Glasgow_NP  .  
  in_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  returning_VBG  home_NN1  .  
  no_PN1  one_PN  would_VM  ever_RR  have_VH0  taken_VBN  Morag_NP  Baxter_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  Glaswegian_NN1  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  fresh_JJ  country_NN  bloom_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  cheeks_NNS  and_CC  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  with_IO  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  Highland_NP  lilt_NN  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  she_PPHO1  truly_RR  belonged_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  great_JJ  sprawling_JJ  city_NN  .  
  as_IO  an_AT1  orphaned_JJ  ward_NN  of_IO  Glasgow_NP  corporation_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  the_AT1  first_MD  eleven_MC  years_NNS  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Beechwood_NP  children's_NN2  home_NN1  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  run_VBN  on_IO  oiled_JJ  wheels_NNS  under_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson's_PPIO2  motherly_JJ  guidance_NN  ,_,  seemed_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  dream_NN  now_RL  .  
  infinitely_RR  more_RG  real_JJ  were_VBDR  the_AT1  years_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  spent_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  ,_,  eight_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  boarding_VBG  out_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  Robertsons'_NPS$  farm_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  last_DA  two_MC  living_VBG  in_IO  digs_NNS  in_IO  Oban_NP  .  
  Morag's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  clouded_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  about_IO  these_DD2  past_JB  two_MC  years_NNS  .  
  nothing_PN1  had_VHD  been_VBN  the_AT1  same_DA  since_CS  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  died_VVD  .  
  though_CS  time_NN  had_VHD  softened_VBN  Morag's_PPIO2  grief_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  had_VHD  not_XX  helped_VBN  her_PPHO1  overcome_VV0  the_AT1  strange_JJ  emptiness_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  if_CS  her_APP$  roots_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  cut_VBN  off_RP  .  
  although_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  good_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  Oban_NP  held_VVD  nothing_PN1  for_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  long_RR  before_CS  she_PPHO1  began_VVD  to_TO  think_VV0  about_IO  Glasgow_NP  with_IO  a_AT1  certain_JJ  longing_NN  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  where_CS she_PPHO1  really_RR  belonged_VVD  .  
  so_RR  this_DD1  year_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  decided_VBN  to_TO  spend_VV0  her_APP$  fortnight's_NN1$  holiday_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  ,_,  now_RL  retired_VBN  from_IO  her_APP$  post_NN  at_IO  Beechwood_NP  home_NN1  ,_,  had_VHD  fixed_VBN  up_RP  accommodation_NN  and_CC  promised_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  when_CS she_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  .  
  everything_PN1  was_VBDZ  arranged_VBN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  jerked_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  joined_VVD  the_AT1  throng_NN  of_IO  passengers_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  ,_,  Morag_NP  felt_VVD  a_AT1  thrill_NN  of_IO  anticipation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  saved_VBN  up_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  holiday_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  meant_VVD  to_TO  enjoy_VV0  every_AT1  minute_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    Morag_NP  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  !_!    
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  ,_,  white-haired_JJ  now_RL  and_CC  trim_JJ  in_IO  silver-grey_NN  ,_,  met_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  barrier_NN  .  
    how_CS nice_JJ  you_PPY  're_VBR  looking_VBG  !_!  
  and_CC  so_RG  grown-up_JJ  !_!    
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  while_NN  since_CS  you_PPY  saw_VVD  me_PPIO1  last_RR  ,_,    the_AT1  girl_NN  reminded_VVD  her_PPHO1  smilingly_RR  .  
    almost_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  laid_VVD  her_APP$  hand_NN  lightly_RR  on_IO  Morag's_PPIO2  arm_NN  to_TO  guide_VV0  her_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  .  
    come_VV0  along_RP  and_CC  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  before_CS  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  Grove_NP  House_NNL1  and_CC  hand_VV0  you_PPY  over_RP  to_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Whelan_NP  .    
    hand_VV0  me_PPIO1  over_RP  .    
  Morag_NP  was_VBDZ  faintly_RR  alarmed_JJ  .  
    is_VBZ  it_PPH1  a_AT1  hostel_NN  .    
    of_RR  course_RR  not_XX  !_!    
  the_AT1  older_JJ  woman's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  were_VBDR  twinkling_VBG  .  
    Grove_NP  House_NNL1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  excellent_JJ  hotel_NN  for_IO  young_JJ  business_NN  women_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Whelan_NP  's_VBZ  an_AT1  old_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  mine_PP$  ,_,  so_CS  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  asked_VBN  her_PPHO1  to_TO  keep_VV0  an_AT1  eye_NN  on_IO  you_PPY  .    
  she_PPHO1  sighed_VVD  as_CS  they_PPHS2  paused_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  kerb_NN  .  
    if_CS  only_RR  you_PPY  could_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  earlier_RRR  I_PPIS1  could_VM  have_VH0  put_VBN  you_PPY  up_RP  at_IO  my_APP$  flat_NN  .  
  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  removal_NN  men_NNS  are_VBR  coming_VBG  on_IO  Monday_NN1  and_CC  my_APP$  sister_NN  expects_VBZ  me_PPIO1  at_IO  Girvan_NP  .    
  over_IO  tea_NN  in_IO  Fuller's_PPIO2  Morag_NP  talked_VVD  gaily_RR  about_IO  her_APP$  plans_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  smiled_VVD  at_IO  her_APP$  enthusiasm_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  pleasure_NN  to_TO  meet_VV0  her_APP$  one-time_JB  charge_NN  again_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  only_RR  sorry_JJ  she_PPHO1  would_VM  not_XX  see_VV0  more_DA  of_IO  her_PPHO1  on_IO  this_DD1  visit_NN  .  
  time_NN  passed_VVD  so_RG  quickly_RR  .  
  she_PPHO1  could_VM  hardly_RR  believe_VV0  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  twenty-one_MC  years_NNS  since_CS  Morag_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  placed_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  charge_NN  at_IO  Beechwood_NP  home_NN1  .  
  only_RR  five_MC  months_NNS  old_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  tragically_RR  bereft_VBN  of_IO  both_DB2  parents_NNS  .  
  although_CS  extensive_JJ  inquiries_NNS  were_VBDR  made_VBN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  no_AT1  trace_NN  was_VBDZ  found_VBN  of_IO  any_DD  relatives_NNS  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  had_VHD  taken_VBN  the_AT1  child_NN  to_IO  her_APP$  heart_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  watched_VBN  her_PPHO1  grow_VV0  into_IO  a_AT1  likeable_JJ  ,_,  happy_JJ  little_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  like_IO  losing_VBG  someone_PN1  of_IO  her_APP$  own_DA  when_CS the_AT1  welfare_NN  committee_NN  decided_VVD  to_TO  board_VV0  Morag_NP  out_RP  with_IO  foster-parents_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  all_DB  been_VBN  for_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  .  
  a_AT1  home_NN1  where_CS she_PPHO1  could_VM  become_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  was_VBDZ  better_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  institution_NN  .  
  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  already_RR  had_VHD  two_MC  orphaned_JJ  children_NNS  in_IO  her_APP$  care_NN  at_IO  Balamore_NP  Farm_NNL1  ,_,  near_IO  Oban_NP  ,_,  and_CC  Morag_NP  made_VVD  a_AT1  welcome_JJ  addition_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  settled_VBN  down_RP  happily_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  farm_NN  .  
  her_APP$  schooling_NN  over_RP  ,_,  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  a_AT1  job_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  Oban_NP  shop_NN  .  
  later_RRR  ,_,  when_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  felt_VVD  less_RG  able_JJ  to_TO  cope_VV0  with_IO  three_MC  charges_NNS  ,_,  Alison_NP  and_CC  Johnny_NP  Pedon_NP  returned_VVD  to_IO  Glasgow_NP  .  
  but_CCB  Morag_NP  chose_VVD  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  north_NN1  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  nineteen_MC  when_CS \0Mrs_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  died_VVD  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  had_VHD  travelled_VBN  from_IO  Glasgow_NP  to_TO  talk_VV0  over_RP  her_APP$  future_NN  with_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  local_JJ  welfare_NN  Officer_NNSB1  .  
  agreeing_VBG  that_CS  Morag_NP  should_VM  stay_VV0  in_IO  Oban_NP  ,_,  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  found_VBN  suitable_JJ  lodgings_NNS  for_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  town_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Robertson_NP  himself_PPX1  was_VBDZ  giving_VBG  up_RP  the_AT1  farm_NN  and_CC  retiring_VBG  to_IO  a_AT1  cottage_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  bought_VBN  in_IO  Gairloch_NP  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  seemed_VBN  a_AT1  wise_JJ  decision_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  .  
  Morag_NP  ,_,  bewildered_JJ  and_CC  unhappy_JJ  by_IO  this_DD1  sudden_JJ  change_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  even_RR  tenor_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  life_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  raised_VBN  no_AT1  objections_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  within_IO  the_AT1  past_JB  year_NN  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  fancied_VVD  she_PPHO1  detected_VVD  a_AT1  restless_JJ  note_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  letters_NNS  .  
  now_RL  Morag_NP  had_VHD  come_VBN  to_IO  Glasgow_NP  for_IO  a_AT1  holiday_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  studied_VVD  the_AT1  girl_NN  seated_VBN  across_IO  the_AT1  table_NN  from_IO  her_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  busy_JJ  tea_NN  room_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  last_RR  met_VBN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  grown_VBN  into_IO  a_AT1  charming_JJ  young_JJ  woman_NN  ,_,  with_IO  attractive_JJ  ,_,  auburn_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  wide_JJ  ,_,  gold-flecked_JJ  grey_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
    I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  were_VBDR  n't_XX  leaving_VBG  you_PPY  here_RL  on_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  ,_,  my_APP$  dear_NN  .    
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  sounded_VVD  anxious_JJ  .  
    will_VM  n't_XX  you_PPY  be_VB0  lonely_JJ  .    
    I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  think_VV0  so_PN1  ,_,    Morag_NP  replied_VVD  .  
    not_XX  more_RG  than_CS  anywhere_RR  else_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  added_VVD  after_IO  a_AT1  moment's_NN1$  pause_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  glanced_VVD  shrewdly_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  girl_NN  .  
  so_RR  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  .  
  Morag_NP  was_VBDZ  unhappy_JJ  in_IO  Oban_NP  .  
    I_PPIS1  wrote_VVD  to_IO  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Hendry_NP  and_CC  she_PPHO1  's_VHZ  asked_VBN  me_PPIO1  out_RP  to_IO  Mosspark_NP  ,_,    Morag_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  ,_,  clearly_RR  trying_VBG  to_TO  change_VV0  the_AT1  subject_NN  .  
    is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  kind_JJ  of_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  'll_VM  never_RR  forget_VV0  all_DB  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  long_RR  ago_RR  .  
  then_RL  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  like_VV0  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  theatres_NNS  and_CC  look_VV0  round_IO  the_AT1  shops_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  enough_DD  money_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  completely_RR  new_JJ  outfit_NN  and_CC      
    you_PPY  will_VM  need_VV0  a_AT1  full_JJ  purse_NN  !_!    Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
    have_VH0  a_AT1  good_JJ  time_NN  then_RL  ,_,  dear_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  feel_VV0  at_IO  a_AT1  loose_JJ  end_NN  after_IO  this_DD1  week_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  can_VM  always_RR  spend_VV0  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  with_IO  us_PPIO2   at_IO  Girvan_NP  .    
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  nearly_RR  five_MC  o'clock_RR  when_CS they_PPHS2  arrived_VVD  at_IO  Grove_NP  House_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  large_JJ  ,_,  rambling_JJ  building_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  site_NN  in_IO  Queen's_NNSB2  Drive_NNL1  ,_,  overlooking_VBG  the_AT1  park_NN  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Whelan_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  fresh-complexioned_JJ  woman_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  glint_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  that_PNQS seemed_VVD  to_TO  belie_VV0  her_PPHO1  rather_RR  forbidding_JJ  manner_NN  .  
    just_RR  in_IO  time_NN  for_IO  tea_NN  ,_,  Miss_NNSB1  Baxter_NP  ,_,    she_PPHO1  remarked_VVD  .  
    we_PPIS2  have_VH0  it_PPH1  early_RR  on_IO  Saturdays_NN2  because_CS  the_AT1  girls_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  in_IO  a_AT1  hurry_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  .  
  would_VM  you_PPY  like_VV0  to_TO  take_VV0  your_APP$  case_NN  to_IO  your_APP$  room_NN  right_RR  away_RP  .    
  Morag_NP  gave_VVD  Miss_NNSB1  Simpson_NP  a_AT1  parting_NN  hug_NN  and_CC  promised_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  lunch_NN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  her_APP$  flat_NN  next_DA  day_NN  .  
  then_RL  she_PPHO1  followed_VVD  the_AT1  maid_NN  upstairs_RL  .  
  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  delighted_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  eyeing_VBG  with_IO  approval_NN  the_AT1  built-in_JB  cupboards_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  small_JJ  wash_NN  basin_NN  that_PNQS stood_VVD  in_IO  one_MC1  corner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  carpet_NN  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  delicate_JJ  shade_NN  of_IO  blue_NN  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  flowered_JJ  curtains_NNS  matched_VVD  the_AT1  bedspread_NN  .  
  the_AT1  tea-bell_NN  rang_VVD  before_CS  Morag_NP  had_VHD  time_NN  to_TO  change_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  ran_VVD  a_AT1  comb_NN  through_IO  her_APP$  hair_NN  ,_,  applied_VVD  some_DD  fresh_JJ  lipstick_NN  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  downstairs_RL  .  
  Miss_NNSB1  Whelan_NP  took_VVD  her_PPHO1  along_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  dining-room_NN  and_CC  introduced_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  a_AT1  slim_JJ  ,_,  dark-haired_JJ  girl_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  corner_NN  table_NN  .  
    Miss_NNSB1  Johnston_NP  has_VHZ  been_VBN  here_RL  more_DA  than_IO  a_AT1  year_NN  now_RL  ,_,    she_PPHO1  explained_VVD  .  
    she_PPHO1  'll_VM  soon_RR  make_VV0  you_PPY  feel_VV0  at_IO  home_NN1  .    
  Morag_NP  smiled_VVD  hesitantly_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  sat_VVD  down_RP  ,_,  searching_VBG  her_APP$  mind_NN  for_IO  some_DD  way_NN  of_IO  starting_VBG  a_AT1  conversation_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  need_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  worried_VBN  ,_,  for_CS  Kathy_NP  Johnston_NP  was_VBDZ  refreshingly_RR  free_JJ  from_IO  shyness_NN  .  
  within_IO  minutes_NNS  she_PPHO1  found_VVD  out_RP  Morag_NP  was_VBDZ  on_IO  holiday_NN  and_CC  went_VVD  on_RP  to_TO  suggest_VV0  what_DDQ  she_PPHO1  should_VM  do_VD0  and_CC  see_VV0  in_IO  town_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  broke_VVD  off_RP  as_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  joined_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  slightly_RR  older_JJ  girl_NN  with_IO  fluffy_JJ  fairish_JJ  hair_NN  and_CC  winged_JJ  glasses_NNS  that_PNQS gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  an_AT1  attractive_JJ  ,_,  fawn-like_JJ  appearance_NN  .  
    this_DD1  is_VBZ  Jean_NP  MacLean_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  Kathy_NP  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  introduction_NN  .  
    Morag_NP  Baxter_NP  comes_VBZ  from_IO  Oban_NP  ,_,  Jean_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  's_VBZ  only_RR  here_RL  for_IO  a_AT1  fortnight_NN  and_CC      
    give_VV0  the_AT1  poor_JJ  girl_NN  a_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  word_NN  in_RP  !_!    Jean_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
    hullo_UH  ,_,  Morag_NP  !_!  
  nice_JJ  to_TO  meet_VV0  you_PPY  !_!    
  Morag_NP  enjoyed_VVD  the_AT1  company_NN  of_IO  these_DD2  two_MC  pleasant_JJ  ,_,  friendly_JJ  girls_NNS  .  
  she_PPHO1  learned_VVD  that_CS  Jean_NP  worked_VVD  in_IO  a_AT1  lawyer's_NN1$  office_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  engaged_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  young_JJ  doctor_NN  doing_VBG  his_APP$  final_JJ  year_NN  in_IO  hospital_NN  .  
  Kathy_NP  Johnston_NP  was_VBDZ  training_VBG  as_IO  a_AT1  junior_JJ  buyer_NN  in_IO  Sturrock's_PPIO2  ,_,  a_AT1  large_JJ  department_NN  store_NN  ,_,  and_CC  cheerfully_RR  admitted_VVD  to_IO  having_VHG  several_DA  boy_NN  friends_NNS  .  
  both_DB2  girls_NNS  belonged_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  town_NN  and_CC  only_RR  managed_VVD  to_TO  visit_VV0  their_APP$  families_NNS  occasionally_RR  at_IO  week-ends_NNS  .  
  Morag_NP  found_VVD  her_APP$  own_DA  reserve_NN  crumbling_VBG  .  
  before_CS  the_AT1  meal_NN  ended_VVD  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  told_VBN  her_APP$  new_JJ  friends_NNS  a_AT1  good_JJ  deal_NN  about_IO  herself_PPX1  .  
  Kathy's_PPIO2  eyes_NNS  widened_VVD  sympathetically_RR  and_CC  she_PPHO1  exchanged_VVD  a_AT1  glance_NN  with_IO  Jean_NP  .  
    Oban_NP  's_VBZ  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  place_NN  ,_,  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,    she_PPHO1  said_VVD  slowly_RR  .  
    but_CCB  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  find_VV0  it_PPH1  a_AT1  bit_NN  lonely_JJ    especially_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  winter_NN  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  until_CS  just_RR  lately_RR  ,_,    Morag_NP  replied_VVD  ,_,  colouring_VBG  a_RR  little_RR  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  have_VH0  to_TO  stay_VV0  there_RL  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .    
  Kathy_NP  gave_VVD  her_PPHO1  a_AT1  questioning_JJ  glance_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  made_VVD  no_AT1  comment_NN  .  
  presently_RR  she_PPHO1  and_CC  Jean_NP  took_VVD  Morag_NP  into_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  and_CC  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  about_IO  Grove_NP  House_NNL1  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  better_JJ  than_CS  coping_VBG  on_IO  your_APP$  own_DA  in_IO  some_DD  flatlet_NN  ,_,    Jean_NP  said_VVD  emphatically_RR  .  
    you_PPY  get_VV0  decent_JJ  meals_NNS  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  dishes_NNS  to_TO  wash_VV0  afterwards_RR  .  
  all_DB  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  do_VD0  is_VBZ  pay_VV0  your_APP$  dues_NNS  ,_,  keep_VV0  your_APP$  room_NN  tidy_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  be_VB0  back_RP  indoors_RL  at_IO  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  hour_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  reckon_VV0  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  worth_IO  it_PPH1  .    
    Miss_NNSB1  Whelan_NP  's_VBZ  a_AT1  dear_NN  too_RR  ,_,    Kathy_NP  put_VVD  in_RP  .  
    even_CS  if_CS  she_PPHO1  does_VBZ  like_VV0  to_TO  see_VV0  all_DB  your_APP$  boy_NN  friends_NNS  !_!    
  the_AT1  door_NN  opened_VVD  just_RR  then_RL  and_CC  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  residents_NNS  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  lounge_NN  .  
  Morag_NP  glanced_VVD  casually_RR  at_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  then_RL  her_APP$  gaze_NN  was_VBDZ  riveted_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  one_MC1  to_TO  enter_VV0    a_AT1  tall_JJ  ,_,  blonde_JJ  girl_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  tailored_JJ  suit_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  stared_VVD  uncertainly_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  moment_NN  ,_,  then_RL  almost_RR  unbelievingly_RR  as_CS  recognition_NN  dawned_VVD  in_IO  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
    Alison_NP  !_!    
  her_APP$  exclamation_NN  made_VVD  the_AT1  other_DA  girl_NN  turn_VV0  sharply_RR  .  
    I_PPIS1    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  wondered_VBN  so_RG  often_RR  if_CS  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  ever_RR  meet_VV0  again_RR  ,_,    Morag_NP  went_VVD  on_RP  .  
    that_DD1  's_VBZ  more_DA  than_CS  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  did_VDD  !_!    Alison_NP  Pedon_NP  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  ,_,  colouring_VBG  guiltily_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  spoke_VVD  .  
    do_VD0  you_PPY  two_MC  know_VV0  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  .    Kathy_NP  asked_VVD  .  
    oh_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  .    
  Alison_NP  pulled_VVD  herself_PPX1  together_RR  and_CC  managed_VVD  a_AT1  cool_JJ  smile_NN  .  
    we_PPIS2  met_VVD  several_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  staying_VBG  in_IO  Oban_NP  .  
  what_DDQ  on_IO  earth_NN  are_VBR  you_PPY  doing_VBG  here_RL  ,_,  Morag_NP  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  on_IO  holiday_NN  .    
  Morag_NP  was_VBDZ  puzzled_JJ  .  
  staying_VBG  in_IO  Oban_NP  .  
  why_UH  ,_,  Alison_NP  and_CC  her_APP$  younger_JJ  brother_NN  ,_,  John_NP  ,_,  had_VHD  lived_VBN  with_IO  her_PPHO1  at_IO  the_AT1  Robertsons'_NPS$  farm_NN  for_IO  over_RR  six_MC  years_NNS  !_!  
    I_PPIS1  see_VV0  .    Alison_NP  shrugged_VVD  indifferently_RR  .  
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  hope_VV0  you_PPY  enjoy_VV0  yourself_PPX1  .  
  now_RL  you_PPY  must_VM  excuse_VV0  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  expecting_VBG  a_AT1  phone_NN  call_NN  .    
  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  on_IO  her_APP$  heel_NN  and_CC  left_VVD  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
  somewhat_RR  disturbed_VBN  Morag_NP  sat_VVD  down_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  painfully_RR  obvious_JJ  that_CS  her_APP$  former_DA  companion_NN  was_VBDZ  anything_RR  but_RR  pleased_JJ  to_TO  see_VV0  her_PPHO1  .  
    strange_JJ  you_PPY  should_VM  know_VV0  Alison_NP  ,_,    Kathy_NP  remarked_VVD  ,_,  breaking_VBG  the_AT1  awkward_JJ  silence_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  you_PPY  met_VVD  her_PPHO1  at_IO  her_APP$  folk's_NN2  hotel_NN  in_IO  Oban_NP  .    
  Morag_NP  swallowed_VVD  uneasily_RR  .  
  whatever_DDQ  had_VHD  Alison_NP  been_VBN  telling_VBG  everyone_PN1  .  
  fortunately_RR  Jean_NP  hailed_VVD  a_AT1  friend_NN  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  called_VBN  upon_IO  to_TO  answer_VV0  Kathy_NP  .  
  then_RL  someone_PN1  switched_VVD  on_RP  the_AT1  television_NN  and_CC  she_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  chance_NN  to_TO  go_VV0  upstairs_RL  to_TO  unpack_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  only_RR  been_VBN  in_IO  her_APP$  room_NN  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  when_CS there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  knock_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  Alison_NP  Pedon_NP  ,_,  her_APP$  fine_JJ  eyebrows_NNS  drawn_VBN  and_CC  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  fixed_VBN  on_IO  Morag_NP  accusingly_RR  .  
    why_CS did_VDD  you_PPY  come_VV0  here_RL  .    she_PPHO1  demanded_VVD  as_CS  she_PPHO1  brushed_VVD  past_IO  Morag_NP  and_CC  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  room_NN  .  
    to_IO  Grove_NP  House_NNL1  of_IO  all_DB  places_NNS  !_!    
  bridging_VBG  the_AT1  years_NNS  .  
  Morag_NP  shut_VVD  the_AT1  door_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  embarrassed_VBN  by_IO  Alison's_PPIO2  rudeness_NN  a_AT1  short_JJ  time_NN  ago_RR  .  
  Jones_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  need_VM  hardly_RR  be_VB0  said_VBN  ,_,  stopped_VVD  that_DD1  off_RP  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  the_AT1  days_NNS  have_VH0  gone_VBN  when_CS foreigners_NNS  copied_VVD  the_AT1  British_NP2  .  
  with_IO  Jones_NP  in_IO  power_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  British_NP2  are_VBR  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  copy_VV0  the_AT1  foreigner_NN  .  
  the_AT1  foreign-made_JJ  muck_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  British_JJ  quality_NN  goods_NNS  were_VBDR  supposed_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  pushing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  now_RL  being_VBG  pushed_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  by_IO  British-made_JJ  muck_NN  .  
  Jones_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  believe_VV0  in_IO  quality_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  in_IO  low_JJ  prices_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  slogan_NN  ,_,      British_JJ  is_VBZ  best_JJT    .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  slogan_NN  ,_,      Jones_NP  is_VBZ  best_JJT    ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  British_JJ  will_VM  ,_,  he_PPHO1  believes_VBZ  ,_,  reflect_VV0  prestige_NN  upon_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  not_XX  interested_JJ  in_IO  goods_NNS  that_PNQS last_VV0  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tradition_NN  started_VBN  by_IO  snobbish_JJ  manufacturers_NNS  who_PNQS wanted_VVD  their_APP$  children_NNS  and_CC  their_APP$  children's_NN2  children_NNS  to_TO  reap_VV0  the_AT1  benefit_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  impeccable_JJ  trading_NN  probity_NN  .  
  Jones_NP  wishes_VBZ  to_TO  reap_VV0  the_AT1  benefit_NN  himself_PPX1  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  lifetime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  let_VV0  his_APP$  brats_NNS  and_CC  brats'_NN2  brats_NNS  fend_VV0  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  to_IO  this_DD1  end_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  interested_JJ  in_IO  goods_NNS  that_PNQS do_VD0  not_XX  last_VV0  a_AT1  lifetime_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  which_DDQ  require_VV0  large_JJ  replacement_NN  orders_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  made_VBN  every_AT1  five_MC  years_NNS  .  
  foreign_JJ  contacts_NNS  .  
  when_CS Jones_NP  goes_VBZ  abroad_RR  ,_,  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  not_XX  go_VV0  as_IO  a_AT1  member_NN  of_IO  any_DD  group_NN  ,_,  delegation_NN  or_CC  coach-party_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  alone_JJ  .  
  Jones_NP  goes_VBZ  alone_JJ  ,_,  secure_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  knowledge_NN  that_CS  wherever_CS he_PPHO1  goes_VBZ  ,_,  his_APP$  arrival_NN  will_VM  not_XX  go_VV0  unannounced_JJ  or_CC  his_APP$  stay_NN  unnoticed_JJ  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  hotel_NN  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  capital_NN  that_PNQS he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  never_RR  visited_VBN  in_IO  his_APP$  life_NN  before_II  ,_,  he_PPHO1  will_VM  meet_VV0  an_AT1  old_JJ  American_JJ  friend_NN  whom_WPO  he_PPHO1  last_RR  met_VVD  in_IO  Paris_NP  ,_,  God_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  must_VM  be_VB0  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  that_DD1  old_JJ  American_JJ  friend_NN  is_VBZ  introducing_VBG  him_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  Joneses_NP2  right_RR  ,_,  left_RR  and_CC  centre_RR  .  
  at_IO  Harry's_PPIO2  bar_NN  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  foreign_JJ  city_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  turns_VBZ  out_RP  that_CS  the_AT1  particular_JJ  Harry_NP  of_IO  the_AT1  joint_NN  used_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  the_AT1  barman_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  little_JJ  club_NN  in_IO  London_NP  that_PNQS Jones_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  use_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS Joneses_NP2  still_RR  used_VBN  little_JJ  clubs_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  this_DD1  same_DA  Harry_NP  gives_VBZ  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  lowdown_NN  on_IO  where_CS the_AT1  native_JJ  Joneses_NP2  are_VBR  currently_RR  eating_VBG  and_CC  drinking_VBG  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  American_JJ  express_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  Jones_NP  place_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  to_TO  cash_VV0  your_APP$  travellers'_NN2  cheques_NNS  ,_,  Jones_NP  just_RR  happens_VBZ  to_TO  run_VV0  into_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  army_NN  pal_NN  who_PNQS has_VHZ  now_RL  got_VBN  this_DD1  amusing_JJ  job_NN  of_IO  showing_VBG  the_AT1  yobbos_NNS  around_IO  the_AT1  night-clubs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  old_JJ  army_NN  pal_NN  takes_VBZ  Jones_NP  to_IO  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  night-clubs_NNS  ,_,  most_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  specialising_VBG  in_IO  one_MC1  sexual_JJ  eccentricity_NN  or_CC  another_DD1  ,_,  to_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  yobbos_NNS  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  admitted_VBN  ,_,  whether_CS  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  paper_NN  hats_NNS  .  
  from_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  Jones_NP  never_RR  fails_VBZ  to_TO  meet_VV0  contacts_NNS  such_IO  as_II  these_DD2  on_IO  his_APP$  foreign_JJ  travels_NNS  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  obvious_JJ  that_CS  there_EX  must_VM  be_VB0  an_AT1  international_JJ  Jones_NP  organisation_NN  (_(  Interjones_NP  )_)  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  agents_NNS  disguise_VV0  themselves_PPX2  as_IO  barmen_NNS  ,_,  old_JJ  army_NN  pals_NNS  and_CC  roving_JJ  Americans_NP2  .  
  however_CS Interjones_NP  may_VM  be_VB0  organised_VBN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  certainly_RR  a_AT1  powerful_JJ  and_CC  influential_JJ  body_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  Interjones_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  now_RL  possible_JJ  for_IO  Jones_NP  to_TO  travel_VV0  throughout_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  without_IO  losing_VBG  any_DD  of_IO  his_APP$  status_NN  ,_,  modifying_VBG  his_APP$  standard_NN  of_IO  living_NN  ,_,  or_CC  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  sheer_JB  loneliness_NN  ,_,  being_VBG  compelled_VBN  to_TO  sit_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  reading-room_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  British_JJ  embassy_NN  doing_VBG  the_AT1  crossword_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  air-mail_NN  edition_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  times_NNS  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  Interjones_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  cross_VV0  the_AT1  Equator_NP  either_LE  way_NN  without_IO  leaving_VBG  air-conditioning_NN  behind_RP  .  
  chains_NNS  of_IO  new_JJ  hotels_NNS  ,_,  indistinguishable_JJ  from_IO  one_PPX2  another_PPX2  ,_,  have_VH0  sprung_VBN  up_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  capitals_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC    without_IO  actually_RR  being_VBG  called_VBN  the_AT1  Jones-Plaza_NP  or_CC  the_AT1  Jones-Carlton_NP    they_PPHS2  are_VBR  Jones_NP  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  because_CS  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  showers_NNS  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  swimming-pool_NN  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  arcade_NN  of_IO  shops_NNS  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  express_JB  elevators_NNS  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  six_MC  or_CC  seven_MC  restaurants_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  roof_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  possible_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  panoramic_JJ  view_NN  of_IO  London_NP  ,_,  Beirut_NP  ,_,  Madrid_NP  ,_,  Bonn_NP  ,_,  New_NP  Delhi_NP  or_CC  Copenhagen_NP  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  case_NN  may_VM  be_VB0  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  Interjones_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  in_IO  any_DD  foreign_JJ  city_NN  can_VM  hire_VV0  a_AT1  car_NN  ,_,  use_VV0  a_AT1  credit_NN  card_NN  ,_,  send_VV0  a_AT1  transfer-charge_JB  cable_NN  ,_,  or_CC  get_VV0  a_AT1  ringside_NN  seat_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  student_NN  riot_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  course_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  British_JJ  council_NN  building_NN  is_VBZ  burned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  ground_NN  .  
  thanks_IO  to_II  Interjones_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  can_VM  now_RL  travel_VV0  from_IO  airport_NN  to_IO  airport_NN  ,_,  from_IO  hotel_NN  to_IO  hotel_NN  ,_,  from_IO  Harry's_PPIO2  bar_NN  to_IO  Harry's_PPIO2  bar_NN  ,_,  without_IO  ever_RR  setting_VBG  foot_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  Jones_NP  country_NN  .  
  Jones_NP  ideas_NNS  are_VBR  now_RL  so_RG  firmly_RR  established_VBN  abroad_RR  that_CS  as_CS  primitive_JJ  states_NNS  develop_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  the_AT1  old_JJ  country_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  they_PPHS2  model_VV0  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  new_JJ  Jones_NP  .  
  in_IO  Africa_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  hotels_NNS  spring_VV0  up_RP  even_RR  as_CS  the_AT1  Prime_NNSB1  Minister_NNSB1  elect_JJ  is_VBZ  being_VBG  let_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  prison_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_JB  east_NN1  ,_,  oil_NN  royalties_NNS  are_VBR  turned_VBN  into_IO  Jones_NP  amenities_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  ice_NN  ,_,  big_JJ  cars_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  night-clubs_NNS  that_PNQS would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  out_RP  of_IO  place_NN  on_IO  Miami_NP  Beach_NNL1  .  
  in_IO  Brazil_NP  ,_,  an_AT1  entirely_RR  new_JJ  capital_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  hacked_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  jungle_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  living_JJ  monument_NN  to_IO  Jones_NP  and_CC  all_DB  he_PPHO1  stands_VBZ  for_IO  .  
  foreign_JJ  visitors_NNS  .  
  Interjones_NP  naturally_RR  works_VBZ  on_IO  a_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  basis_NN  ,_,  and_CC  when_CS Monsieur_NNSB1  Jones_NP  ,_,  Herr_NNSB1  Jones_NP  ,_,  Signor_NNSB1  Jones_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  Pasha_NNSB1  or_CC  Don_NNSB1  Jones_NP  arrive_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  Westbury_NP  ,_,  whom_WPO  should_VM  they_PPHS2  meet_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  lobby_NN  but_CCB  Jones_NP  ,_,  only_RR  this_DD1  minute_NN  back_RP  in_IO  London_NP  himself_PPX1  .  
  in_IO  this_DD1  context_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  worth_IO  noting_VBG  that_CS  ,_,  although_CS  Interjones_NP  maintains_VBZ  branches_NNS  in_IO  all_DB  countries_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  nations_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  appear_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  signatories_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  Interjones_NP  treaty_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  nations_NNS  which_DDQ  are_VBR  exclusively_RR  Robinson_NP  nations_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  the_AT1  Dutch_NP2  ,_,  the_AT1  Bulgarians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Burmese_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  French_NP2  are_VBR  essentially_RR  a_AT1  Jones_NP  nation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  governed_VBN  by_IO  Robinsons_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  Germans_NP2  are_VBR  essentially_RR  a_AT1  Robinson_NP  nation_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  like_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  governed_VBN  by_IO  Joneses_NP2  .  
  the_AT1  Italians_NP2  are_VBR  Jones_NP  when_CS abroad_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  Robinson_NP  when_CS at_IO  home_NN1  .  
  the_AT1  Swedes_NP2  are_VBR  the_AT1  Jones-nation_NN  among_IO  the_AT1  Scandinavians_NP2  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  Norwegians_NP2  are_VBR  the_AT1  Robinsons_NP2  .  
  England_NP  ,_,  which_DDQ  bred_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  Joneses_NP2  ,_,  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  .  
  Wales_NP  ,_,  from_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  Joneses_NP2  took_VVD  their_APP$  name_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  .  
  Southern_NP  Ireland_NP  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  .  
  Northern_NP  Ireland_NP  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  .  
  Scotland_NP  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  to_TO  come_VV0  south_NN1  from_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  Robinson_NP  to_TO  remain_VV0  in_IO  .  
  the_AT1  Isle_NNL1  of_IO  Wight_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  compound_NN  of_IO  Robinsons_NP2  .  
  extremely_RR  small_JJ  countries_NNS  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  Luxembourg_NP  ,_,  Liechtenstein_NP  ,_,  San_NP  Marino_NP  ,_,  \0etc_RR  ,_,  are_VBR  Robinson_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  in_IO  ,_,  but_CCB  Jones_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  foreign_JJ  resident_NN  of_IO  .  
  (_(  this_DD1  applies_VBZ  particularly_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  Channel_NNL1  Islands_NPLS  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  are_VBR  ideologically_RR  Robinson_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  throw_VV0  up_RP  Jones-deviates_NNS  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  .  
  all_DB  iron_NN  curtain_NN  countries_NNS  ,_,  except_IO  Czechoslovakia_NP  ,_,  are_VBR  statutorily_RR  Robinson_NP  .  
  Iceland_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  only_RR  Robinson_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  born_VBN  in_IO  ,_,  Robinson_NP  to_TO  live_VV0  in_IO  ,_,  Robinson_NP  even_RR  to_TO  have_VH0  correspondence_NN  with_IO  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  also_RR  the_AT1  only_DA  country_NN  outside_IO  the_AT1  tourist_NN  belt_NN  that_PNQS it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  Jones_NP  ,_,  to_TO  visit_VV0  .  
  Spain_NP  is_VBZ  unique_JJ  ,_,  inasmuch_CS  as_CS  there_RL  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  monarchist_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  reason_NN  being_VBG  is_VBZ  that_CS  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  Portugal_NP  is_VBZ  entirely_RR  Robinson_NP  .  
  Switzerland_NP  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  to_TO  visit_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  Jones_NP  to_TO  bank_VV0  with_IO  .  
  Egypt_NP  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  is_VBZ  studying_VBG  to_TO  be_VB0  Jones_NP  .  
  India_NP  fought_VVD  to_TO  become_VV0  Jones_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  did_VDD  not_XX  succeed_VV0  .  
  South_NP  Africa_NP  is_VBZ  fighting_VBG  to_TO  remain_VV0  Robinson_NP  .  
  Australia_NP  revels_VBZ  in_IO  being_VBG  Robinson_NP  .  
  by_IO  a_AT1  trick_NN  of_IO  light_NN  ,_,  Canada_NP  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  when_CS seen_VBN  from_IO  London_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  Robinson_NP  when_CS seen_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  .  
  within_IO  the_AT1  United_NP  States_NP  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  to_TO  appear_VV0  like_IO  a_AT1  Jones_NP  .  
  in_IO  Latin_JJ  America_NP  ,_,  Jones_NP  and_CC  Robinson_NP  live_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  constant_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  revolt_NN  against_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  ;_;  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  always_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  when_CS Jones_NP  is_VBZ  revolting_VBG  against_IO  Robinson_NP  ,_,  because_CS  then_RL  we_PPIS2  hear_VV0  about_IO  trams_NNS  being_VBG  overturned_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  Jones_NP  detests_VBZ  trams_NNS  .  
  China_NP  ,_,  with_IO  superhuman_JJ  effort_NN  and_CC  against_IO  all_DB  odds_NNS  ,_,  remains_VBZ  Robinson_NP  .  
  Japan_NP  ,_,  despite_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  paper_NN  flowers_NNS  that_PNQS blossom_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  jam-jar_NN  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  Jones_NP  .  
  the_AT1  north_NN1  pole_NN  is_VBZ  Jones_NP  .  
  the_AT1  south_NN1  pole_NN  is_VBZ  Robinson_NP  .  
  chapter_NN  five_MC  .  
  to_IO  Jones_NP  according_IO  to_II  his_APP$  needs_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  political_JJ  pundits_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  literary_JJ  weeklies_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  more_RG  telegenic_JJ  members_NNS  of_IO  parliament_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  leader-writers_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  public-opinion_JB  polls_NNS    to_TO  say_VV0  nothing_PN1  of_IO  various_JJ  summer_NN  schools_NNS  ,_,  conferences_NNS  ,_,  congresses_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  centres_NNS  of_IO  political_JJ  group-therapy_NN    have_VH0  devoted_VBN  some_DD  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  who_PNQS  will_VM  rule_VV0  Britain_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  Jones_NP  may_VM  occasionally_RR  join_VV0  in_IO  these_DD2  discussions_NNS  if_CS  the_AT1  beer_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  him_PPHO1  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  question_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  argued_VBN  .  
  Jones_NP  will_VM  rule_VV0  Britain_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  .  
  whether_CS  labour_NN  or_CC  conservative_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  next_DA  government_NN    or_CC  it_PPH1  may_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  next_DA  but_IO  one_MC1    will_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  government_NN  of_IO  Joneses_NP2  .  
  what_DDQ  are_VBR  the_AT1  facts_NNS  behind_IO  this_DD1  political_JJ  reshuffle_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  only_RR  one_MC1  fact_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  Jones_NP  feels_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  lend_VV0  his_APP$  allegiance_NN  to_IO  any_DD  one_MC1  political_JJ  party_NN  .  
  tory_JJ  Jones_NP  likes_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  free_JJ  enterprise_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  can_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  class_NN  privilege_NN  .  
  labour_NN  Jones_NP  likes_VBZ  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  equality_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  can_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  regimentation_NN  .  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  party_NN  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  in_IO  decline_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  we_PPIS2  may_VM  not_XX  know_VV0  is_VBZ  that_CS  the_AT1  tory_JJ  party_NN  is_VBZ  also_RR  in_IO  decline_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Jones_NP  party_NN  is_VBZ  slowly_RR  emerging_VBG  ,_,  composed_VBN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jones-elements_NNS  from_IO  both_DB2  these_DD2  declining_JJ  bodies_NNS  .  
  already_RR  Jones_NP  has_VHZ  established_VBN  his_APP$  position_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  camps_NNS  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  labour_NN  Joneses_NP2  and_CC  there_EX  are_VBR  tory_JJ  Joneses_NP2  in_IO  power_NN  today_NN1  .  
  (_(  there_EX  are_VBR  no_AT1  liberal_JJ  or_CC  communist_JJ  Joneses_NP2  ,_,  since_CS  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  not_XX  interested_JJ  in_IO  causes_NNS  but_CCB  in_IO  politics_NN  .  )_)  
  the_AT1  labour_NN  Joneses_NP2  write_VV0  for_IO  tory_JJ  papers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  tory_JJ  Joneses_NP2  write_VV0  for_IO  socialist_JJ  papers_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  two_MC  Joneses_NP2  ,_,  labour_NN  and_CC  tory_JJ  ,_,  appear_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  television_NN  programmes_NNS  and_CC  unite_VV0  against_IO  trade_NN  union_NN  Robinsons_NP2  from_IO  the_AT1  left_JJ  wing_NN  and_CC  backwoods_NNS  Robinsons_NP2  from_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  wing_NN  .  
  between_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  labour_NN  Jones_NP  and_CC  tory_JJ  Jones_NP  are_VBR  forging_VBG  a_AT1  new_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  and_CC  that_DD1  policy_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  the_AT1  Jones_NP  policy_NN  for_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  why_CS you_PPY  should_VM  vote_VV0  for_IO  Jones_NP  .  
  at_IO  present_NN  ,_,  Robinson_NP  has_VHZ  a_AT1  clear_JJ  majority_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  House_NNL1  of_IO  Commons_NP  .  
  Robinson_NP  \0M.P.s_NNSB2  go_VV0  about_RP  on_IO  buses_NNS  ,_,  hold_VV0  dreary_JJ  clinics_NNS  in_IO  their_APP$  constituencies_NNS  ,_,  ask_VV0  dreary_JJ  questions_NNS  about_IO  peat_NN  ,_,  and_CC  go_VV0  on_IO  dreary_JJ  fact-finding_NN  missions_NNS  to_IO  dreary_JJ  countries_NNS  on_IO  either_LE  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  iron_NN  curtain_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  contrast_NN  to_IO  this_DD1  ,_,  has_VHZ  Jones_NP  got_VBN  to_TO  offer_VV0  .  
  why_CS will_VM  Jones_NP  make_VV0  a_AT1  better_JJ  member_NN  of_IO  parliament_NN  than_IO  Robinson_NP  .  
  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  waste_VV0  time_NN  on_IO  dreary_JJ  routine_NN  .  
  everything_PN1  he_PPHO1  touches_VBZ  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  exciting_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  create_VV0  enthusiasm_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  helps_VBZ  the_AT1  electorate_NN  no_AT1  end_NN  .  
  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  in_IO  touch_NN  .  
  where_CS other_DA  politicians_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  consult_VV0  polls_NNS  ,_,  statistics_NNS  ,_,  graphs_NNS  ,_,  fortune-tellers_NNS  ,_,  to_TO  find_VV0  out_RP  what_DDQ  people_NNS  think_VV0  ,_,  Jones_NP  trusts_VBZ  his_APP$  instinct_NN  and_CC  is_VBZ  always_RR  right_JJ  .  
  (_(  c_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  lives_VBZ  in_IO  the_AT1  present_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  will_VM  cheerfully_RR  agree_VV0  that_CS  his_APP$  party_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  shocking_JJ  record_NN  ,_,  for_CS  his_APP$  party's_NN1$  past_JB  history_NN  is_VBZ  of_IO  not_XX  the_AT1  slightest_JJT  interest_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  neither_RR  does_VBZ  he_PPHO1  make_VV0  sweeping_JJ  promises_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  vague_JJ  future_NN  .  
  if_CS  Jones_NP  says_VBZ  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  going_VBG  to_TO  do_VD0  something_PN1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  means_VBZ  tomorrow_NN1  .  
  (_(  d_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  has_VHZ  the_AT1  gift_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gab_NN  .  
  (_(  e_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  mixer_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  Jones_NP  level_NN  that_CS  tories_NNS  and_CC  socialists_NNS  can_VM  mix_VV0  as_IO  equals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  consequently_RR  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  able_JJ  to_TO  avoid_VV0  all_DB  those_DD2  unprofitable_JJ  stalemates_NNS  that_PNQS politicians_NNS  are_VBR  always_RR  running_VBG  into_IO  .  
  (_(  f_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  very_RG  good_JJ  on_IO  television_NN  .  
  (_(  g_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  positive_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  rather_RR  be_VB0  a_AT1  supporter_NN  than_IO  an_AT1  opposer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  will_VM  always_RR  endorse_VV0  good_JJ  ideas_NNS  ,_,  whichever_DDQ  side_NN  they_PPHS2  come_VV0  from_IO  .  
  (_(  h_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  knows_VBZ  all_DB  about_IO  images_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  invented_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  (_(  i_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  always_RR  ready_JJ  to_TO  re-think_VV0  .  
  (_(  j_ZZ1  )_)  .  
  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  very_RG  good_JJ  at_IO  inventing_VBG  slogans_NNS  .  
  and_CC  the_AT1  slogan_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Jones_NP  party_NN  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  :_:  
  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  Jones_NP  is_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  Britain_NP  .  
  the_AT1  future_NN  Jones_NP  offers_VBZ  you_PPY  .  
  the_AT1  Joneses_NP2  ,_,  socialist_JJ  and_CC  tory_JJ  alike_RR  ,_,  believe_VV0  in_IO  an_AT1  egalitarian_JJ  society_NN  (_(  within_IO  the_AT1  limits_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  Jones_NP  practical_JJ  democracy_NN  ,_,  outlined_VBN  on_IO  \0pp_NNU2  83-87_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  best_JJT  brains_NNS  (_(  \0i.e_RR  Jones_NP  )_)  rise_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  where_CS there_EX  is_VBZ  wealth_NN  and_CC  opportunity_NN  for_IO  all_DB  .  
  Jones_NP  has_VHZ  no_AT1  wish_NN  for_IO  Britain_NP  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  major_JJ  power_NN  ,_,  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  she_PPHO1  can_VM  hold_VV0  first_MD  place_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  markets_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  all_RR  for_IO  co-existence_NN  ,_,  peace_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  lifetime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  anything_PN1  that_PNQS might_VM  come_VV0  under_IO  the_AT1  heading_NN  of_IO  progress_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  against_IO  outmoded_JJ  traditions_NNS  ,_,  gunboat-diplomacy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  monopolies_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  would_VM  take_VV0  the_AT1  tax_NN  off_IO  coloured_JJ  refrigerators_NNS  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   examine_VV0  in_IO  detail_NN  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  Jones_NP  policies_NNS  for_IO  Britain_NP  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  the_AT1  Jones_NP  fiscal_JJ  policy_NN  .  
  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  significant_JJ  fall_NN  in_IO  income_NN  tax_NN  ,_,  since_CS  Jones_NP  does_VBZ  not_XX  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  object_VV0  to_IO  paying_VBG  income_NN  tax_NN  .  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  long_RR  sensed_VBN  injustice_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  distinctions_NNS  drawn_VBN  between_IO  ordinary_JJ  wage-earners_NNS  and_CC  those_DD2  self-employed_JJ  .  
  by_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  his_APP$  monthly_JJ  salary_NN  arrived_VVD  ,_,  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  taken_VBN  their_APP$  share_NN  ,_,  and_CC  there_EX  were_VBDR  precious_RG  few_DA  reductions_NNS  in_IO  tax_NN  save_IO  for_II  wives_NNS  ,_,  children_NNS  ,_,  life-insurances_NNS  or_CC  any_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  normal_JJ  encumbrances_NNS  which_DDQ  Cecil_NP  had_VHD  so_RG  far_RR  avoided_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  the_AT1  film_NN  star's_NN1$  sorry_JJ  story_NN  and_CC  frowned_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  provisions_NNS  of_IO  schedule_NN  D_ZZ1  taxation_NN  which_DDQ  not_XX  only_RR  allowed_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_TO  claim_VV0  relief_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  most_RG  unlikely_JJ  purchases_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  postponed_VVD  demanding_VBG  the_AT1  tax_NN  until_CS  her_APP$  financial_JJ  year_NN  was_VBDZ  ended_VBN  ,_,  audited_VBN  and_CC  agreed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  .  
  the_AT1  process_NN  could_VM  ,_,  and_CC  often_RR  did_VDD  take_VV0  several_DA  years_NNS  .  
  at_IO  one_MC1  point_NN  the_AT1  astute_JJ  Miss_NNSB1  Cheesecake_NP  had_VHD  claimed_VBN  tax_NN  relief_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  purchase_NN  of_IO  several_DA  mink_NN  coats_NNS  which_DDQ  ,_,  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  ,_,  were_VBDR  necessary_JJ  to_TO  further_VV0  her_APP$  career_NN  .  
  alternatively_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  reported_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  tearfully_RR  claimed_VVD  that_CS  the_AT1  warm_JJ  coats_NNS  were_VBDR  heating_NN  appliances_NNS  and_CC  therefore_RR  susceptible_JJ  to_IO  a_AT1  depreciation_NN  tax_NN  allowance_NN  as_IO  plant_NN  and_CC  machinery_NN  .  
  the_AT1  Commissioners_NNSB2  of_IO  inland_JB  revenue_NN  wisely_RR  refrained_VVD  from_IO  asking_VBG  how_CS she_PPHO1  paid_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  mink_NN  coats_NNS  but_CCB  demanded_VVD  a_AT1  receipt_NN  instead_RR  .  
  between_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  interested_JJ  parties_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  final_JJ  agreement_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  delayed_VBN  long_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Cheesecake_NP  to_TO  spend_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  money_NN  which_DDQ  by_IO  rights_NNS  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  reserved_VBN  for_IO  her_APP$  tax_NN  .  
  discounting_VBG  one_MC1  chinchilla_NN  jacket_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP  and_CC  a_AT1  Sussex_NP  manor_NN  house_NN  ,_,  all_DB  three_MC  of_IO  which_DDQ  were_VBDR  in_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  name_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  now_RL  declared_VVD  herself_PPX1  bankrupt_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  into_IO  another_DD1  station_NN  and_CC  Cecil_NP  ,_,  with_IO  a_AT1  further_JB  six_MC  stops_NNS  to_TO  go_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  left_VBN  almost_RR  alone_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  coach_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  fumed_VVD  as_CS  he_PPHO1  recollected_VVD  the_AT1  long_JJ  correspondence_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  with_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  tax_NN  relief_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  jacket_NN  used_VBN  solely_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
    if_CS  the_AT1  jacket_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  your_APP$  employment_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  Inspector_NNSB1  had_VHD  written_VBN  ,_,    it_PPH1  may_VM  qualify_VV0  for_IO  relief_NN  .    
  Cecil_NP  snorted_VVD  aloud_RR  .  
  so_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  his_APP$  job_NN  satisfactorily_RR  ,_,  Frask_NP  and_CC  Kitsell_NP  \0Ltd_JJ  could_VM  hardly_RR  have_VH0  cared_VBN  less_RRR  if_CS  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  even_RR  a_AT1  bikini_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  previous_JJ  summer_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  girl_NN  comptometer_NN  operator_NN  had_VHD  done_VBN  so_PN1  .  
  it_PPH1  led_VVD  to_IO  no_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  muddle_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  figures_NNS  .  
  then_RL  there_EX  was_VBDZ  that_DD1  long_JJ  wrangle_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  over_IO  travelling_NN  expenses_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  journey_NN  from_IO  Bank_NP  to_IO  Norbiton_NP  took_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  slice_NN  out_RP  of_IO  Cecil's_PPIO2  surplus_NN  spending_NN  power_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  tried_VBN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  tax_NN  relief_NN  for_IO  that_DD1  too_RR  ,_,  only_RR  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  that_CS  journeys_NNS  from_IO  home_NN1  to_IO  work_NN  did_VDD  not_XX  qualify_VV0  for_IO  relief_NN  .  
  so_RR  Cecil_NP  had_VHD  pursued_VBN  the_AT1  matter_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  grounds_NNS  that_CS  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  his_APP$  work_NN  home_NN1  and_CC  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  week_NN  or_CC  more_DA  ,_,  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  a_AT1  bundle_NN  of_IO  record-cards_NNS  each_DD1  night_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hope_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  passing_JJ  Inspector_NNSB1  might_VM  see_VV0  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  final_JJ  word_NN  ,_,  as_CS  always_RR  ,_,  came_VVD  from_IO  the_AT1  inland_JB  revenue_NN  who_PNQS fell_VVD  back_RP  once_RR  more_RRR  upon_IO  the_AT1    condition_NN  of_IO  employment_NN    clause_NN  .  
  again_RR  Cecil_NP  glared_VVD  at_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Cheesecake_NP  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  not_XX  only_RR  allowed_VBN  travelling_NN  expenses_NNS  but_CCB  was_VBDZ  also_RR  allowed_VBN  to_TO  buy_VV0  herself_PPX1  a_AT1  Rolls-Royce_NP    on_IO  the_AT1  tax_NN    .  
  no_AT1  wonder_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  pay_VV0  up_RP  ;_;  one_MC1  half_NN  of_IO  her_APP$  money_NN  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  gone_VBN  into_IO  purchases_NNS  designed_VBN  to_TO  defray_VV0  the_AT1  tax_NN  incurred_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  half_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  ,_,  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  ,_,  earmarked_VBN  for_IO  normal_JJ  living_NN  expenses_NNS  such_IO  as_II  publicity_NN  parties_NNS  ,_,  beauty_NN  treatment_NN  and_CC  frequent_JJ  foreign_JJ  holidays_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  places_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  drew_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  halt_NN  .  
  Cecil's_PPIO2  sole_JB  companion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  parcel-laden_JJ  housewife_NN  ,_,  staggered_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  and_CC  prepared_VVD  to_TO  alight_VV0  .  
    Madam_NNSB1  !_!    he_PPHO1  called_VVD  after_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
    you_PPY  've_VH0  left_VBN  your_APP$  briefcase_NN  .    
  his_APP$  public_JJ  duty_NN  performed_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  seat_NN  opposite_II  without_IO  making_VBG  any_DD  effort_NN  to_TO  hand_VV0  it_PPH1  to_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  housewife_NN  turned_VVD  a_AT1  baleful_JJ  eye_NN  and_CC  gazed_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  over_IO  a_AT1  large_JJ  hat-box_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  to_TO  judge_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  Bond_NP  Street_NNL1  label_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  taken_VBN  a_AT1  large_JJ  bite_NN  out_RP  of_IO  her_APP$  husband's_NN1$  taxable_JJ  income_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  not_XX  mine_PP$  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  sitting_VBG  there_RL  .    
  she_PPHO1  blinked_VVD  disdainfully_RR  at_IO  him_PPHO1  and_CC  stepped_VVD  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  briefcase_NN  ,_,  and_CC  as_CS  the_AT1  train_NN  jogged_VVD  along_IO  the_AT1  shiny_JJ  clasp_NN  twinkled_VVD  invitingly_RR  at_IO  Cecil_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  wondered_VVD  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  contained_VVD  .  
  probably_RR  the_AT1  remains_NNS  of_IO  someone's_PN$  lunch_NN  or_CC  a_DA  few_DA  secret_JJ  files_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  joke_NN  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  holding_VBG  wads_NNS  of_IO  five_MC  pound_NN  notes_NNS  earned_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  black_JJ  market_NN  ,_,  if_CS  there_EX  was_VBDZ  still_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  thing_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  black_JJ  market_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  might_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  shady_JJ  cash_NN  deal_NN  though_RR  ,_,  specially_RR  designed_VBN  to_TO  avoid_VV0  passing_VBG  through_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  .  
  perhaps_RR  the_AT1  case_NN  belonged_VVD  to_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  fellows_NNS  who_PNQS were_VBDR  organising_VBG  those_DD2  girls_NNS  who_PNQS operated_VVD  from_IO  cars_NNS  .  
  there_EX  could_VM  be_VB0  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  money_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  call-girl_NN  racket_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  many_DA  expenses_NNS  either_RR  ,_,  just_RR  a_AT1  telephone_NN  ,_,  some_DD  wear_NN  and_CC  tear_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  girls_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  change_NN  of_IO  address_NN  from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  .  
  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  must_VM  be_VB0  crammed_VBN  with_IO  money_NN  .  
  Cecil_NP  realised_VVD  that_CS  four_MC  minutes_NNS  of_IO  solitary_JJ  running_NN  time_NN  separated_VVD  him_PPHO1  from_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  stop_NN  ,_,  his_APP$  home_NN1  station_NN  and_CC  ,_,  after_IO  an_AT1  unnecessary_JJ  glance_NN  around_RP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  stepped_VVD  across_IO  the_AT1  car_NN  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  open_VV0  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  locked_VBN  .  
  eager_JJ  fingers_NNS  felt_VVD  bulky_JJ  contents_NNS  and_CC  when_CS he_PPHO1  shook_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  rustling_JJ  thud_NN  of_IO  wads_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  .  
    cor_UH  !_!    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  aloud_RR  ,_,    there_EX  's_VBZ  five_MC  thousand_MC  at_RR  least_RR  .    
  he_PPHO1  felt_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  jacket_NN  pocket_NN  and_CC  pulled_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  key_NN  ring_NN  .  
  in_IO  succession_NN  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  his_APP$  own_DA  briefcase_NN  key_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  suitcase_NN  key_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  device_NN  designed_VBN  to_TO  lock_VV0  typewriters_NNS  .  
  Cecil_NP  searched_VVD  in_IO  his_APP$  pockets_NNS  once_RR  more_RRR  and_CC  came_VVD  up_RP  with_IO  two_MC  paper-clips_NNS  .  
  after_IO  a_DA  few_DA  seconds_NNS  of_IO  twisting_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  roughly_RR  thrust_VVD  a_AT1  bent_JJ  wire_NN  loop_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  lock_NN  and_CC  waggled_VVD  it_PPH1  around_RP  vigorously_RR  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  click_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  opened_VVD  .  
  Cecil_NP  thrust_VVD  an_AT1  eager_JJ  hand_NN  inside_RP  ,_,  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  groping_VBG  after_IO  wads_NNS  of_IO  five_MC  pound_NN  notes_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  closed_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  single_JJ  bundle_NN  and_CC  ,_,  fumbling_VBG  with_IO  nervous_JJ  excitement_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  pulled_VVD  it_PPH1  out_RP  .  
  his_APP$  eye_NN  rested_VVD  on_IO  a_AT1  wad_NN  of_IO  stiff_JJ  white_JJ  paper_NN  printed_VBN  on_IO  one_MC1  side_NN  .  
    old_JJ  fashioned_JJ"  fivers_NNS  !_!    he_PPHO1  muttered_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  and_CC  tried_VVD  to_TO  recall_VV0  if_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  still_RR  legal_JJ  tender_NN  .  
  surely_RR  the_AT1  \0Gov*:r**:_NNSB1  and_CC  \0Comp*:a**:_NN1  of_IO  the_AT1  Bank_NNL1  of_IO  England_NP  would_VM  never_RR  break_VV0  their_APP$  promise_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  on_IO  rude_JJ  demand_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  on_IO  polite_JJ  request_NN  .  
  Cecil_NP  frowned_VVD  in_IO  disappointment_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  focussed_VVD  upon_IO  the_AT1  printing_NN  to_TO  find_VV0  no_AT1  \0Gov*:r**:_NNSB1  ,_,  no_AT1  \0Comp*:a**:_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  no_AT1  five_MC  pound_NN  notes_NNS  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  holding_VBG  a_AT1  paper_NN  booklet_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  top_JB  sheet_NN  of_IO  which_DDQ  bore_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  large_JJ  Baskerville_NP  type_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  words_NNS  metropolitan_JJ  monotechnic_JJ  Institute_NNL1  advanced_JJ  accountancy_NN  course_NN  \0no_NN  3_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  ruffled_VVD  the_AT1  sheets_NNS  irritably_RR  and_CC  glowered_VVD  at_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  breach_NN  of_IO  social_JJ  morality_NN  .  
  there_EX  are_VBR  few_DA  people_NNS  who_PNQS would_VM  not_XX  jump_VV0  at_IO  an_AT1  opportunity_NN  to_TO  rationalise_VV0  away_RP  the_AT1  theft_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  briefcase_NN  full_JJ  of_IO  illicit_JJ  fivers_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  to_TO  sell_VV0  one's_$  soul_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  lecture_NN  notes_NNS  presented_VVD  quite_DA  a_AT1  different_JJ  kettle_NN  of_IO  metaphysics_NN  .  
  the_AT1  train_NN  slowed_VVD  down_RP  for_IO  Norbiton_NP  station_NN  and_CC  Cecil_NP  hastily_RR  repacked_VVD  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hiss_NN  of_IO  opening_JJ  doors_NNS  and_CC  Cecil_NP  carried_VVD  his_APP$  conscience_NN  out_RP  upon_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  climbed_VVD  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  eager_JJ  to_TO  unload_VV0  the_AT1  guilt-symbol_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  ticket-collector_NN  and_CC  then_RL  to_TO  emerge_VV0  carrying_VBG  his_APP$  shame_NN  unseen_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  burning_VBG  ,_,  into_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  reached_VVD  the_AT1  barrier_NN  and_CC  fumbled_VVD  for_IO  his_APP$  contract_NN  before_IO  thrusting_VBG  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  ticket-collector_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  firm_JJ  intention_NN  of_IO  playing_VBG  the_AT1  dutiful_JJ  citizen_NN  retrieving_VBG  lost_JJ  property_NN  .  
  before_CS  he_PPHO1  could_VM  open_VV0  his_APP$  mouth_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  collector_NN  stretched_VVD  out_RP  a_AT1  hand_NN  .  
    watch_VV0  your_APP$  step_NN  there_RL  ,_,  sir_NN  !_!  
  your_APP$  briefcase_NN  is_VBZ  hanging_VBG  open_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  someone_PN1  shoving_VBG  their_APP$  hot_JJ  little_JJ  hands_NNS  inside_RP  .  
  here_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'll_VM  do_VD0  it_PPH1  .    
  the_AT1  collector_NN  pressed_VVD  the_AT1  twinkling_JJ  catch_NN  home_NN1  with_IO  a_AT1  click_NN  .  
  Cecil_NP  ,_,  irretrievably_RR  laden_VBN  with_IO  both_DB2  briefcase_NN  and_CC  conscience_NN  ,_,  stumbled_VVD  away_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  darkness_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
    hello_UH  ,_,  Cecil_NP  .  
  had_VHN  a_AT1  busy_JJ  day_NN  .    
  his_APP$  mother_NN  came_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  as_CS  he_PPHO1  opened_VVD  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  nodded_VVD  irritably_RR  and_CC  ,_,  turning_VBG  his_APP$  back_NN  to_IO  her_PPHO1  ,_,  contrived_VVD  to_TO  slide_VV0  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  into_IO  hiding_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  do-it-yourself_JB  cupboard_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  polished_JJ  brass_NN  fourteen-pounder_NN  shell-case_NN  which_DDQ  served_VVD  respectively_RR  as_IO  coat_NN  cupboard_NN  and_CC  umbrella_NN  stand_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  later_JJ  than_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  .    
  his_APP$  mother_NN  tidied_VVD  her_APP$  grey_JJ  hair_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  hall-mirror_NN  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  once_RR  obtained_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  free_JJ  gift_NN  in_IO  exchange_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  labels_NNS  from_IO  half_DB  a_AT1  hundredweight_NN  of_IO  Trunk_NP  and_CC  Greppes_NP  tannin-free_JJ  tea_NN  .  
  Cecil_NP  shook_VVD  his_APP$  head_NN  and_CC  hung_VVD  up_RP  his_APP$  raincoat_NN  and_CC  hat_NN  inside_IO  the_AT1  cupboard_NN  .  
    are_VBR  n't_XX  you_PPY  going_VBG  to_TO  say_VV0  hello_NN  .    
  his_APP$  mother_NN  stood_VVD  and_CC  faced_VVD  him_PPHO1  with_IO  a_AT1  smile_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  some_DD  lamb_NN  chops_NNS  for_IO  you_PPY  this_DD1  evening_NN  .    
    hello_UH  ,_,  mother_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  kissed_VVD  her_APP$  cheek_NN  perfunctorily_RR  .  
    lamb_NN  chops_NNS  ,_,  indeed_RR  .  
  any_DD  letters_NNS  come_VBN  .    
  she_PPHO1  grimaced_VVD  .  
    only_RR  the_AT1  electric_JJ  bill_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  up_RP  again_RR  .  
  we_PPIS2  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  go_VV0  easy_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  immersion_NN  heater_NN  next_DA  quarter_NN  .    
  Cecil_NP  gritted_VVD  his_APP$  teeth_NNS  and_CC  glowered_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  inequity_NN  of_IO  Miss_NNSB1  Cheesecake_NP  well-nigh_RR  bathing_VBG  in_IO  tax-free_JJ  champagne_NN  whilst_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  go_VV0  easy_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  immersion_NN  heater_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  it_PPH1  ,_,  Cecil_NP  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  feel_VV0  well_JJ  .    his_APP$  mother_NN  asked_VVD  solicitously_RR  .  
    you_PPY  do_VD0  look_VV0  tired_JJ  .  
  go_VV0  and_CC  get_VV0  yourself_PPX1  a_AT1  drink_NN  .    
    do_VD0  n't_XX  fuss_VV0  ,_,  mother_NN  !_!  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  quite_RR  well_JJ  and_CC  no_RR  more_RG  tired_JJ  than_CS  usual_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  finished_VVD  the_AT1  gin_NN  last_DA  week_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  that_DD1  .    
  Cecil_NP  stepped_VVD  towards_IO  the_AT1  dining_NN  room_NN  .  
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  tired_JJ  ,_,    his_APP$  mother_NN  insisted_VVD  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  very_RG  irritable_JJ  ,_,  anyway_RR  .    
    I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  tired_JJ  and_CC  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  irritable_JJ  .    
    very_RG  well_RR  then_RL  .    
  his_APP$  mother_NN  nodded_VVD  with_IO  understanding_NN  .  
    you_PPY  're_VBR  not_XX  tired_JJ  .  
  nobody_PN1  's_VBZ  tired_JJ  .  
  now_RL  just_RR  you_PPY  run_VV0  along_RP  upstairs_RL  and_CC  wash_VV0  your_APP$  hands_NNS  whilst_CS  I_PPIS1  get_VV0  dinner_NN  ready_JJ  .    
  Cecil_NP  wriggled_VVD  irritably_RR  under_IO  the_AT1  misplaced_JJ  management_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  mother_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  realise_VV0  that_CS  a_AT1  son_NN  who_PNQS is_VBZ  nearly_RR  bald_JJ  is_VBZ  no_RR  longer_RRR  a_AT1  baby_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  started_VVD  to_TO  climb_VV0  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  ,_,  stamping_VBG  with_IO  unnecessary_JJ  vigour_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  treads_NNS  .  
    and_CC  do_VD0  n't_XX  wipe_VV0  the_AT1  dirt_NN  off_RP  on_IO  the_AT1  towel_NN  like_CS  you_PPY  did_VDD  yesterday_NN1  .  
  your_APP$  Auntie_NNSB1  Edie_NP  's_VBZ  coming_VBG  in_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  later_RRR  and_CC  you_PPY  know_VV0  how_CS she_PPHO1  has_VHZ  a_AT1  good_JJ  look_NN  round_RP  everywhere_RR  .    
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  tinkle_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  thud_NN  from_IO  beside_IO  the_AT1  coat_NN  cupboard_NN  .  
  Cecil's_PPIO2  mother_NN  turned_VVD  around_RP  in_IO  time_NN  to_TO  see_VV0  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  collapse_VV0  against_IO  the_AT1  brass_NN  umbrella_NN  stand_NN  .  
    well_UH  now_RL  !_!    
  she_PPHO1  hurried_VVD  towards_IO  it_PPH1  and_CC  picked_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  .  
    what_DDQ  have_VH0  we_PPIS2  here_RL  .  
  a_AT1  new_JJ  briefcase_NN  !_!  
  so_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  all_DB  about_RP  .    
  Cecil_NP  halted_VVD  in_IO  mid-step_NN  near_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  and_CC  clenched_VVD  his_APP$  fists_NNS  .  
    so_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  what_DDQ  what_DDQ  's_VBZ  all_DB  about_RP  .    he_PPHO1  hissed_VVD  without_IO  turning_VBG  round_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  pointed_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  briefcase_NN  .  
    so_RR  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS you_PPY  are_VBR  so_RG  irritable_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  thought_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  'd_VM  think_VV0  you_PPY  'd_VHD  been_VBN  extravagant_JJ  .    
    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  irritable_JJ  !_!    
  he_PPHO1  rushed_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  stairs_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  snatching_VBG  the_AT1  case_NN  ,_,  ran_VVD  back_RP  upstairs_RL  with_IO  it_PPH1  .  
    and_CC  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  not_XX  been_VBN  extravagant_JJ  .    
    naughty_JJ  !_!    she_PPHO1  called_VVD  after_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
    mother_NN  knows_VBZ  her_APP$  boy_NN  better_RRR  than_CS  he_PPHO1  does_VBZ  himself_PPX1  .    
  she_PPHO1  smiled_VVD  at_IO  herself_PPX1  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  and_CC  reflected_VVD  how_CS mothers_NNS  always_RR  know_VV0  their_APP$  dear_JJ  impulsive_JJ  boys_NNS  better_RRR  than_IO  anyone_PN1    especially_RR  better_RRR  than_IO  not_XX  so_RG  dear_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  so_RG  impulsive_JJ  daughters-in-law_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  smile_NN  faded_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  thought_NN  of_IO  female_JJ  competition_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  brightened_VVD  again_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  her_APP$  son_NN  was_VBDZ  not_XX  cut_VBN  out_RP  for_IO  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  nonsense_NN  .  
  widowed_JJ  mothers_NNS  often_RR  expect_VV0  their_APP$  only_DA  sons_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  very_RG  lone_JB  rangers_NNS  .  
  dinner_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  as_CS  usual_JJ  before_IO  the_AT1  television_NN  .  
  Cecil's_PPIO2  mother_NN  had_VHD  arranged_VBN  the_AT1  receiver_NN  to_TO  face_VV0  two_MC  armchairs_NNS  by_IO  the_AT1  fire_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  sat_VVD  uncomfortably_RR  hunched_VBN  in_IO  mutual_JJ  inclination_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ate_VVD  at_IO  arm's_NN1$  length_NN  from_IO  a_AT1  common_JJ  occasional_JJ  table_NN  placed_VBN  opposite_IO  their_APP$  adjacent_JJ  knees_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  days_NNS  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  still_RR  a_AT1  liking_NN  for_IO  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  Cecil_NP  had_VHD  well-nigh_RR  proved_VBN  the_AT1  statistical_JJ  relationship_NN  between_IO  them_PPHO1  and_CC  lung_NN  cancer_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  effort_NN  to_TO  obtain_VV0  the_AT1  table_NN  free_JJ  by_IO  smoking_VBG  his_APP$  way_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  collection_NN  of_IO  six_MC  hundred_MC  gift_NN  tokens_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  flush_NN  of_IO  achievement_NN  had_VHD  long_RR  passed_VBN  and_CC  as_CS  Cecil_NP  sat_VVD  ,_,  eyes_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  television_NN  screen_NN  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  the_AT1  napkin_NN  tucked_VBN  into_IO  his_APP$  neck_NN  could_VM  prevent_VV0  lamb-chop_NN  gravy_NN  from_IO  carelessly_RR  bespattering_VBG  the_AT1  table_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  risked_VBN  so_RG  much_DA  to_TO  obtain_VV0  .  
  mother_NN  and_CC  son_NN  gazed_VVD  in_IO  fascination_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  story_NN  ,_,  unfolding_VBG  before_IO  their_APP$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  of_IO  corn_NN  cultivation_NN  in_IO  Capokoland_NP  .  
    what_DDQ  time_NN  's_VBZ  the_AT1  olde_JJ  tyme_NN  dancing_NN  on_RP  .    she_PPHO1  asked_VVD  absently_RR  .  
    my_APP$  goodness_NN  ,_,  look_VV0  at_IO  those_DD2  women_NNS  planting_VBG  things_NNS  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  primitive_JJ  .    
    about_IO  ten-o'clock_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  olde_JJ  tyme_NN  stuff_NN  .    
  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  give_VV0  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  name_NN  and_CC  address_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  good_JJ  lawyer_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  got_VBN  him_PPHO1  an_AT1  injunction_NN  to_TO  restrain_VV0  a_AT1  firm_NN  from_IO  publishing_VBG  a_AT1  book_NN  until_CS  the_AT1  author_NN  had_VHD  removed_VBN  a_AT1  passage_NN  attacking_VBG  him_PPHO1  for_IO  some_DD  slander_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  case_NN  of_IO  privilege_NN  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  all_DB  the_AT1  transferred_JJ  maternity_NN  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  endowed_VBN  with_IO  by_IO  her_APP$  patients_NNS  ,_,  poor_JJ  Serena_NP  was_VBDZ  an_AT1  infant-in-arms_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  buyer_NN  of_IO  property_NN  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  an_AT1  infant-in-arms_NN  but_CCB  a_AT1  new-born_JJ  babe_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  premature_JJ  piece_NN  of_IO  frailty_NN  in_IO  an_AT1  oxygen-tent_NN  of_IO  utter_JB  innocence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  complexity_NN  of_IO  that_DD1  innocence_NN  was_VBDZ  colossal_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  layer_NN  after_IO  layer_NN  of_IO  illusion_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  peeled_VBN  off_RP  and_CC  replaced_VBN  with_IO  sad_JJ  knowledgeability_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  nakedness_NN  of_IO  nai"vety_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  clothed_VBN  leaf_NN  by_IO  leaf_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  disappointment_NN  of_IO  experience_NN  .  
  her_APP$  first_MD  illusion_NN  consisted_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  belief_NN  that_CS  all_DB  she_PPHO1  need_VM  do_VD0  was_VBDZ  to_TO  go_VV0  to_IO  an_AT1  agent_NN  ,_,  visit_VV0  half_DB  a_AT1  dozen_MC  houses_NNS  in_IO  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  choose_VV0  one_MC1  ,_,  make_VV0  an_AT1  offer_NN  ,_,  put_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  lawyer_NN  and_CC  go_VV0  away_RP  on_IO  her_APP$  holiday_NN  while_CS  the_AT1  whole_JJ  transaction_NN  was_VBDZ  put_VBN  through_RP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  worst_JJT  ,_,  she_PPHO1  could_VM  postpone_VV0  their_APP$  holiday_NN  ,_,  if_CS  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  n't_XX  find_VV0  anything_PN1  she_PPHO1  liked_VVD  at_RR  once_RR  .  
  August_NN1  would_VM  after_IO  all_DB  be_VB0  a_RR  little_RR  hot_JJ  for_IO  Greece_NP  .  
  all_DB  that_PNQS mattered_VVD  was_VBDZ  moving_VBG  .  
  for_CS  quite_RR  suddenly_RR  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  stand_VV0  their_APP$  flat_NN  any_RR  more_RRR  .  
  she_PPHO1  must_VM  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  something_PN1  new_JJ  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  meant_VVD  shortening_VBG  their_APP$  trip_NN  abroad_RR  or_CC  taking_VBG  an_AT1  extra_JJ  week_NN  off_RP  to_TO  get_VV0  settled_VBN  in_RP  .  
  she_PPHO1  soon_RR  found_VVD  that_CS  Tom_NP  Stevens_NP  was_VBDZ  right_JJ  about_IO  the_AT1  prices_NNS  ,_,  whatever_DDQ  their_APP$  cause_NN  .  
  the_AT1  market_NN  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  seemed_VVD  more_RRR  like_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  her_APP$  graph_NN  representations_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  psychotic's_NN1$  dream_NN  world_NN  than_IO  a_AT1  rational_JJ  state_NN  of_IO  affairs_NNS  carefully_RR  calculated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  handful_NN  of_IO  wicked_JJ  speculators_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  she_PPHO1  supposed_VVD  that_CS  these_DD2  latter_DA  might_VM  well_RR  be_VB0  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  instruments_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  city's_NN1$  collective_JJ  unconscious_JJ  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  prices_NNS  of_IO  houses_NNS  bore_VVD  no_AT1  relation_NN  whatsoever_DDQ  to_IO  their_APP$  size_NN  ,_,  beauty_NN  ,_,  or_CC  convenience_NN  ,_,  only_RR  to_IO  some_DD  lunatic_JJ  hierarchy_NN  of_IO  districts_NNS  by_IO  which_DDQ  any_DD  area_NN  ,_,  however_CS traffic-ridden_JJ  ,_,  that_PNQS could_VM  by_IO  any_DD  considerable_JJ  wrench_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  imagination_NN  be_VB0  called_VBN  a_AT1  Village_NNL1  ,_,  was_VBDZ  also_RR  the_AT1  most_RG  plutocratic_JJ  in_IO  its_APP$  price-range_NN  ;_;  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  any_DD  piece_NN  of_IO  town_NN  with_IO  one_MC1  pretty_JJ  street_NN  ,_,  square_NN  ,_,  corner_NN  ,_,  stretch_NN  of_IO  river_NN  ,_,  bit_NN  of_IO  heath_NN  ,_,  common_NN  or_CC  park_NN  ,_,  round_IO  which_DDQ  lesser_JJ  ,_,  uglier_JJ  streets_NNS  clustered_VVD  hopefully_RR  ,_,  borrowing_VBG  the_AT1  same_DA  name_NN  for_IO  themselves_PPX2  as_IO  crescents_NNS  ,_,  gardens_NNS  ,_,  garden-crescents_NNS  ,_,  rises_NNS  ,_,  hills_NNS  ,_,  hill-rises_NNS  ,_,  ways_NNS  and_CC  ends_NNS  ,_,  mewses_NNS  ,_,  lanes_NNS  ,_,  groves_NNS  and_CC  vales_NNS  ,_,  could_VM  aspire_VV0  to_IO  and_CC  perhaps_RR  eventually_RR  earn_VV0  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Village_NNL1  .  
  slum_NN  terraces_NNS  and_CC  workers'_NN2  cottages_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  bought_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  sometimes_RR  by_IO  enterprising_JJ  individuals_NNS  but_CCB  more_RG  often_RR  by_IO  the_AT1  wicked_JJ  speculators_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  profitable_JJ  sale_NN  to_IO  less_RG  enterprising_JJ  individuals_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  by_IO  one_MC1  the_AT1  black_JJ  brick_NN  houses_NNS  would_VM  turn_VV0  white_JJ  ,_,  or_CC  pink_JJ  or_CC  blue_JJ  ,_,  with_IO  bright_JJ  yellow_JJ  doors_NNS  and_CC  flower-boxes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  .  
    this_DD1  street_NN  ,_,    the_AT1  agents_NNS  would_VM  say_VV0  ,_,    has_VHZ  n't_XX  quite_RR  come_VBN  .    
  when_CS it_PPH1  did_VDD  so_PN1  ,_,  and_CC  several_DA  more_DA  around_RP  it_PPH1  ,_,  the_AT1  area_NN  would_VM  at_RR  last_RR  receive_VV0  by_IO  way_NN  of_IO  final_JJ  decoration_NN  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  price-promotion_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  name_NN  of_IO  Village_NNL1  .  
  second_MD  to_IO  Villages_NPLS  were_VBDR  the_AT1  best_JJT  residential_JJ  areas_NNS  ,_,  where_CS the_AT1  affluent_JJ  middle_JB  class_NN  had_VHD  always_RR  lived_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  limited_JJ  and_CC  unexpandable_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  now_CS  that_CS  practically_RR  everyone_PN1  was_VBDZ  affluent_JJ  middle-class_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  best_JJT  residential_JJ  areas_NNS  were_VBDR  so_RG  much_RR  in_IO  demand_NN  that_CS  prices_NNS  shot_VVD  up_RP  well_RR  beyond_IO  the_AT1  range_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  affluent_JJ  middle-class_NN  ,_,  and_CC  only_RR  the_AT1  milk-bar_NN  millionaires_NNS  lived_VVD  there_RL  ,_,  expense-account_NN  experts_NNS  ,_,  some_DD  of_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  successful_JJ  comedians_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  odd_JJ  reckless_JJ  film-star_NN  ,_,  and_CC  of_RR  course_RR  the_AT1  speculators_NNS  themselves_PPX2  .  
  fortunately_RR  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  fashion_NN  for_IO  Victorian_JJ  architecture_NN  which_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  John_NP  Betjeman_NP  had_VHD  started_VBN  several_DA  decades_NNS  before_II  had_VHD  caught_VBN  on_RP  at_RR  last_RR  and_CC  therefore_RR  saved_VVD  the_AT1  situation_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  affluent_JJ  middle-class_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS now_RL  had_VHD  plenty_NN  of_IO  lovely-ugly_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  coldly_RR  elegant_JJ  in_IO  .  
  all_DB  this_DD1  Serena_NP  discovered_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  more_DA  ,_,  but_CCB  in_IO  stages_NNS  .  
  for_CS  the_AT1  first_MD  thing_NN  she_PPHO1  did_VDD  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  an_AT1  offer_NN  on_IO  a_AT1  small_JJ  pink_JJ  terraced_JJ  cottage_NN  ,_,  two_MC  beds_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  \0inter-comm_JJ  \0rec_NNS  ,_,  \0mod_JJ  \0k_NN  and_CC  \0b_NN  ,_,  \0sep_JJ  \0W.C_NN  small_JJ  back_JB  yard_NN  ,_,  newly_RR  \0dec_JJ  ,_,  near_IO  shops_NNS  and_CC  tube_NN  in_IO  up-and-coming_JB  Camden_NP  Town_NNL1  Village_NNL1  ,_,  *+6,000_NNU  freehold_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  thing_NN  that_PNQS Serena_NP  discovered_VVD  was_VBDZ  that_PNQS she_PPHO1  could_VM  not_XX  afford_VV0  to_TO  buy_VV0  a_AT1  house_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  and_CC  this_DD1  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  having_VHG  at_RR  last_RR  managed_VBN  to_TO  save_VV0  the_AT1  ten_MC  percent_NNU  needed_VBN  .  
  or_CC  so_PN1  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  being_VBG  then_RL  in_IO  possession_NN  of_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  princely_JJ  sum_NN  of_IO  six_MC  hundred_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  lawyer_NN  said_VVD  :_:  
    of_RR  course_RR  you_PPY  must_VM  count_VV0  about_RR  two_MC  hundred_MC  for_IO  legal_JJ  charges_NNS  and_CC  stamp_NN  duties_NNS  ,_,  maybe_RR  less_DA  ,_,  depending_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  house_NN  ,_,  and_CC  whether_CS  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  been_VBN  registered_VBN  .  
  I_PPIS1  take_VV0  it_PPH1  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  mortgage_NN  lined_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  then_RL  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1    er_UH    Buttery_NP  .    
    not_XX  yet_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  the_AT1  bank_NN  would_VM  give_VV0  me_PPIO1  a_AT1  loan_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  .    
    er_UH  ,_,  yes_UH  .  
  you_PPY  have_VH0  some_DD  securities_NNS  ,_,  then_RL  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  no_UH  .  
  just_RR  my_APP$  work_NN  .  
  and_CC  my_APP$  husband's_NN1$  .    
    no_AT1  .  life_NN  insurance_NN  .    
  Serena_NP  had_VHD  more_DA  in_IO  common_NN  with_IO  Stella_NP  than_CS  she_PPHO1  realised_VVD  ,_,  for_CS  the_AT1  word_NN  security_NN  had_VHD  meant_VBN  little_DA  to_IO  her_PPHO1  until_IO  now_RL  ,_,  when_CS she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  this_DD1  sudden_JJ  urge_NN  to_TO  buy_VV0  property_NN  ,_,  paying_VBG  off_RP  a_AT1  mortgage_NN  like_IO  rent_NN  for_IO  twenty_MC  years_NNS  and_CC  then_RL  living_VBG  free_RR  of_IO  expense_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  thought_VVD  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  were_VBDR    old_JJ  and_CC  grey_JJ  and_CC  full_JJ  of_IO  sleep_NN      though_CS  she_PPHO1  hoped_VVD  she_PPHO1  would_VM  never_RR  be_VB0  as_RG  psychologically_RR  asleep_JJ  as_IO  all_DB  that_DD1  .  
  all_DB  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ever_RR  bothered_VBN  to_TO  insure_VV0  was_VBDZ  her_APP$  conscious_JJ  self_NN  against_IO  just_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  submerging_JJ  sleep_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  shook_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  at_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Clacton_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  asleep_JJ  enough_RGA  himself_PPX1  ,_,  both_DB2  in_IO  her_APP$  terms_NNS  and_CC  his_PP$  ,_,  for_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  hot_JJ  day_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  office_NN  was_VBDZ  stuffed_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  low_JJ  ceiling_NN  with_IO  undisturbed_JJ  books_NNS  ,_,  undisturbed_JJ  files_NNS  and_CC  dust_NN  from_IO  probably_RR  Dickensian_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  aspect_NN  was_VBDZ  as_RG  dusty_JJ  as_IO  his_APP$  office_NN  ,_,  with_IO  scurf_NN  from_IO  dusty_JJ  hair_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  dusty_JJ  shoulders_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  black_JJ  suit_NN  ,_,  cigarette_NN  ash_NN  down_IO  the_AT1  front_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  ashen_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  yellow_JJ  sleepy_JJ  dust_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  corners_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  pale_JJ  grey_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  his_APP$  finger-nails_NNS  were_VBDR  dirty_JJ  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  tried_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  for_IO  it_PPH1  by_IO  constantly_RR  paring_VBG  them_PPHO1  with_IO  the_AT1  finger-nail_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  opposite_JJ  hand_NN  .  
  his_APP$  voice_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  his_APP$  black_JJ  and_CC  pin-stripe_JB  ,_,  a_AT1  grey_JJ  superimposition_NN  of_IO  respectability_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  colour_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  own_DA  natural_JJ  vowels_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  result_NN  being_VBG  somehow_RR  as_RG  ineffective_JJ  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  dusty-grey_JJ  but_CCB  muddy_JJ  ,_,  slimy_JJ  even_RR  .  
  his_APP$  digressions_NNS  too_RR  ,_,  seemed_VVD  to_TO  have_VH0  no_AT1  other_DA  purpose_NN  than_IO  the_AT1  throwing_NN  of_IO  dust_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  client's_NN1$  eyes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dust_NN  of_IO  fake_JJ  security_NN  ,_,  of_IO  the_AT1  fake_JJ  friend_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  family_NN  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  puffs_NNS  from_IO  his_APP$  Gauloises_NP2  ,_,  which_DDQ  said_VVD      do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  worry_VV0  your_APP$  fluffy_JJ  little_JJ  head_NN  about_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  just_RR  lull_VV0  back_RP  in_IO  the_AT1  layers_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  experience_NN  ,_,    as_CS  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  saved_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  clients_NNS  from_IO  buying_VBG  a_AT1  house_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  somehow_RR  owned_VVD  all_DB  the_AT1  bricks_NNS  and_CC  mortar_NN  but_CCB  not_XX  the_AT1  joists_NNS  ,_,  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  omitted_VBN  from_IO  the_AT1  deeds_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  how_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  learnt_VBN  from_IO  another_DD1  client_NN  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  a_AT1  greengrocer_NN  that_CS  all_DB  greengrocers_NNS  cheat_VV0  the_AT1  income-tax_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  complicated_JJ  system_NN  of_IO  unrecorded_JJ  purchases_NNS  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  become_VBN  the_AT1  norm_NN  at_IO  Covent_NP  Garden_NNL1  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,  well_UH  .  .    
  he_PPHO1  judged_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  sufficiently_RR  dazzled_VBN  and_CC  gave_VVD  a_AT1  long_JJ  raucous_JJ  cough_NN  .  
    only_DA  cigarettes_NNS  worth_IO  smoking_VBG  ,_,  these_DD2  .  
  most_RG  unhealthy_JJ  ,_,  English_JJ  ones_CD1S  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  now_RL  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  see_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  I_PPIS1  can_VM  put_VV0  you_PPY  onto_IO  some_DD  people_NNS  who_PNQS might_VM  ,_,  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  might_VM  ,_,  let_VV0  you_PPY  have_VH0  a_AT1  mortgage_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  property_NN  .  .    
    but_CCB  ,_,  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  safe_JJ  ,_,  are_VBR  they_PPHS2  .  
  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  ,_,  they_PPHS2  're_VBR  not_XX    money-lenders_NNS  .      \0Mrs_NNSB1    er_UH    Buttery_NP  ,_,  all_DB  mortgage_NN  companies_NNS  are_VBR  money-lenders_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  rather_DA  the_AT1  point_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  it_PPH1  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0      
    I_PPIS1  know_VV0  what_DDQ  you_PPY  mean_VV0  .  
  you_PPY  may_VM  trust_VV0  me_PPIO1  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Buttery_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  that_CS  you_PPY  might_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  revise_VV0  your_APP$  ideas_NNS  about_IO    er_UH    the_AT1  type_NN  of_IO  property_NN  you_PPY  intend_VV0  to_TO  purchase_VV0  .    
  she_PPHO1  revised_VVD  them_PPHO1  .  
  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  inter-insular_JJ  (_(  British_JJ  archipelago_NN  )_)  insurance_NN  company_NN  soon_RR  saw_VVD  to_IO  that_DD1  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  bald_JJ  and_CC  bouncy_JJ  ,_,  jumping_VBG  up_RP  from_IO  her_APP$  sofa_NN  with_IO  each_DD1  explanation_NN  ,_,  whether_CS  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  sherry_NN  she_PPHO1  offered_VVD  him_PPHO1  or_CC  from_IO  a_AT1  passionate_JJ  interest_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  work_NN  she_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  tell_VV0  .  
  when_CS he_PPHO1  had_VHD  jumped_VBN  up_RP  some_DD  twenty_MC  times_NNS  ,_,  talked_VBN  of_IO  premiums_NNS  ,_,  policies_NNS  ,_,  tax_NN  exemptions_NNS  and_CC  survey_NN  fees_NNS  ,_,  worked_VBN  out_RP  sums_NNS  rapidly_RR  on_IO  inter-insular_JJ  insurance_NN  company_NN  sheets_NNS  of_IO  paper_NN  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  produced_VVD  from_IO  a_AT1  shiny_JJ  black_JJ  brief-case_NN  ,_,  asked_VBN  many_DA  questions_NNS  about_IO  Rupert's_PPIO2  age_NN  ,_,  health_NN  and_CC  income_NN  ,_,  even_RR  his_APP$  salesman's_NN1$  patter_NN  failed_VVD  to_TO  smooth_VV0  over_RP  the_AT1  traumatic_JJ  experience_NN  undergone_VBN  by_IO  Serena's_PPIO2  relatively_RR  sheltered_JJ  psyche_NN  that_DD1  afternoon_NN  .  
  poor_JJ  Serena_NP  .  
  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  good_JJ  marks_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  brought_VBN  home_NN1  from_IO  school_NN  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  never_RR  grasped_VBN  the_AT1  implications_NNS  or_CC  practical_JJ  application_NN  of_IO  compound_JJ  interest_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  solve_VV0  all_DB  the_AT1  problems_NNS  set_VBN  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  but_CCB  her_APP$  conscious_JJ  mind_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  refused_VBN  to_TO  accept_VV0  the_AT1  moral_JJ  shock_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  all_DB  ,_,  so_CS  that_CS  even_RR  now_RL  at_IO  the_AT1  age_NN  of_IO  forty_MC  and_CC  eleven_MC  months_NNS  ,_,  she_PPHO1  still_RR  assumed_VVD  that_CS  if_CS  one_MC1  borrowed_VVD  six_MC  thousand_MC  pounds_NNS  at_IO  six_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  ,_,  one_MC1  paid_VVD  back_RP  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  ,_,  six_MC  thousand_MC  plus_IO  six_MC  per_NNU  cent_NNU  of_IO  six_MC  thousand_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  is_VBZ  ,_,  six_MC  thousand_MC  three_MC  hundred_MC  and_CC  sixty_MC  pounds_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  meaning_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  words_NNS    per_NC2  annum_NC2    had_VHD  somehow_RR  got_VBN  lost_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  second_MD  shock_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  mortgage_NN  rating_NN  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Buttery_NP  ,_,    said_VVD  the_AT1  little_JJ  man_NN  rather_RR  sadly_RR  now_RL  ,_,  but_CCB  very_RG  fast_RR  ,_,  like_IO  a_AT1  comic_NN  spouting_VBG  gags_NNS  ,_,    the_AT1  value_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  policy_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  worked_VBN  out_RP  entirely_RR  according_IO  to_II  your_APP$  husband's_NN1$  earnings_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  we_PPIS2  can_VM  n't_XX  take_VV0  yours_PP$  into_IO  account_NN  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  rule_NN  of_IO  \0I.I.I_NP  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  might_VM  stop_VV0  work_NN  to_TO  have_VH0    well_UH  ,_,  for_IO  all_DB  sorts_NNS  of_IO  reasons_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  you_PPY  might_VM  leave_VV0  him_PPHO1  .    
    but_CCB  how_CS utterly_RR  extraordinary_JJ  ,_,    said_VVD  Serena_NP  angrily_RR  ,_,    you_PPY  must_VM  be_VB0  living_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  nineteenth_MD  century_NN  .    
    oh_UH  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  very_RG  general_JJ  rule_NN  ,_,  \0Mrs_NNSB1  Buttery_NP  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  find_VV0  that_CS  no_AT1  insurance_NN  companies_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  building_NN  societies_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  that_DD1  matter_NN  ,_,  will_VM  allow_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  wife's_NN1$  earnings_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  lawyers_NNS      
    who_PNQS  are_VBR  your_APP$  lawyers_NNS  .    
    Clacton's_PPIO2  .    
    well_UH  ,_,  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  damned_VBN  .    
    now_RL  ,_,  let_VV0  me_PPIO1  see_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  say_VV0  your_APP$  husband_NN  earns_VBZ  about_RR  .  yes_UH  ,_,  that_DD1  would_VM  come_VV0  to_IO  .  three_MC  ,_,  carry_VV0  seven_MC  ,_,  six_MC  nines_MC2  are_VBR  fifty_MC  four_MC    of_RR  course_RR  we_PPIS2  'd_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  have_VH0  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  proof_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  very_RG  difficult_JJ  with_IO  self-employed_JJ  persons_NNS  ,_,  carry_VV0  two_MC  .  
  yes_UH  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  afraid_JJ  we_PPIS2  could_VM  n't_XX  raise_VV0  this_DD1  loan_NN  to_IO  more_DA  than_IO  three_MC  thousand_MC  three_MC  fifty_MC  at_IO  the_AT1  most_DA  .  
  now_RL  you_PPY  could_VM  get_VV0  quite_DA  a_AT1  nice_JJ  little_JJ  semi-detached_JJ  house_NN  in_IO  Grimstead_NP  for_IO  three_MC  thousand_MC  ,_,  that_DD1  's_VBZ  where_CS I_PPIS1  live_VV0  ,_,  just_RR  before_IO  the_AT1  green_JJ  belt_NN  ,_,  lovely_JJ  and_CC  modern_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  know_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  forgot_VVD  to_TO  tell_VV0  you_PPY  ,_,  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  usually_RR  lend_VV0  any_DD  house_NN  built_VBN  earlier_RRR  than_IO  1918_MC  .    
  but_CCB  Serena_NP  was_VBDZ  not_XX  easily_RR  discouraged_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  ,_,  moreover_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  reasonable_JJ  endowment_NN  of_IO  intelligence_NN  and_CC  enough_DD  analytical_JJ  training_NN  ,_,  specialised_VBN  though_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  to_TO  get_VV0  to_IO  grips_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  more_RG  megalomaniac_JJ  vagaries_NNS  of_IO  an_AT1  unfamiliar_JJ  world_NN  .  
  within_IO  three_MC  days_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  worked_VBN  it_PPH1  all_DB  out_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  all_DB  quite_RR  clear_JJ  .  
  houses_NNS  were_VBDR  too_RG  expensive_JJ  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  rate_NN  for_IO  poor_JJ  self-employed_JJ  individualists_NNS  like_IO  themselves_PPX2  ,_,  who_PNQS nevertheless_RR  hankered_VVD  for_IO  respectability_NN  and_CC  membership_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  new_JJ  and_CC  widespread_JJ  ,_,  property-owning_JJ  ,_,  affluent_JJ  middle-class_NN  .  
  therefore_RR  they_PPHS2  would_VM  buy_VV0  part_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  house_NN  .  
  the_AT1  market_NN  was_VBDZ  flooded_VBN  with_IO  long-lease_JB  flats_NNS  for_IO  sale_NN  ,_,  on_IO  one_MC1  and_CC  sometimes_RR  two_MC  floors_NNS  of_IO  vast_JJ  Victorian_JJ  mansions_NNS  ,_,  bought_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  speculators_NNS  and_CC  converted_VBN  with_IO  more_DA  paint_NN  than_IO  architecture_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  glass_NN  door_NN  here_RL  and_CC  there_RL  ,_,  a_AT1  vine-leaf_NN  or_CC  cabbage-rose_NN  paper_NN  on_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  stainless_JJ  steel_NN  kitchen-sink_NN  with_IO  perhaps_RR  a_AT1  *+45_NNU  waste-disposal_NN  unit_NN  to_TO  send_VV0  the_AT1  price_NN  up_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  hundred_MC  more_DA  .  
    you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  propounded_VVD  to_IO  Rupert_NP  after_CS  her_APP$  last_DA  patient_NN  had_VHD  gone_VBN  ,_,    we_PPIS2  can_VM  get_VV0  three_MC  thousand_MC  three_MC  fifty_MC  ,_,  perhaps_RR  a_DA  little_DA  more_DA  if_CS  we_PPIS2  can_VM  cheat_VV0  your_APP$  earnings_NNS  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  sure_JJ  you_PPY  could_VM  raise_VV0  the_AT1  rest_NN  from_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  your_APP$  publishers_NNS  ,_,  get_VV0  two_MC  books_NNS  commissioned_VBN  and_CC  write_VV0  them_PPHO1  later_RRR  .  
  I_PPIS1  've_VH0  got_VBN  a_AT1  bit_NN  owing_VBG  too_RR  .  
  now_RL  ,_,  I_PPIS1  saw_VVD  some_DD  flats_NNS  in_IO  Hendon_NP  for_IO  four_MC  \0thou_MC  ,_,  and_CC  some_DD  in_IO  West_NP  Hampstead_NP  for_IO  four_MC  two_MC  fifty_MC  ,_,  two_MC  beds_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  reception_NN  ,_,  \0k_NN  and_CC  \0b_NN  ,_,  just_RR  think_VV0  ,_,  our_APP$  own_DA  bathroom_NN  .  
  much_RR  more_RG  spacious_JJ  than_IO  that_DD1  poky_JJ  little_JJ  cottage_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  n't_XX  a_AT1  bit_NN  practical_JJ  really_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  reception_NN  room_NN  was_VBDZ  too_RG  small_JJ  when_CS divided_VBN  and_CC  too_RG  big_JJ  when_CS not_XX  .  my_APP$  work_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  Russian_JJ  secret_JJ  service_NN  .  
  by_IO  Bernard_NP  Hollowood_NP  ,_,  in_IO  an_AT1  interview_NN  with_IO  Barry_NP  Normanton_NP  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  working_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  council_NN  of_IO  industrial_JJ  design_NN  ,_,  in_IO  Petty_NP  France_NP  ,_,  for_IO  about_RR  three_MC  months_NNS  when_CS it_PPH1  happened_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  my_APP$  secretary_NN  announced_VVD  that_CS    a_AT1  foreign-looking_JJ  gentleman_NN    wished_VVD  to_TO  see_VV0  me_PPIO1  about_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  plastic_NN  fabric_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  invented_VBN  .  
    plastics_NNS  ,_,  schmastics_NNS  !_!    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
    tell_VV0  him_PPHO1  I_PPIS1  'm_VBM  not_XX  .  .    
  and_CC  at_IO  that_DD1  moment_NN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Rudi_NP  Smith_NP  announced_VVD  himself_PPX1  and_CC  strode_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  office_NN  .  
    please_UH  ,_,  see_VV0  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  holding_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  square_NN  of_IO  shiny_JJ  material_NN  ,_,    it_PPH1  do_VD0  n't_XX  creasing_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  do_VD0  n't_XX  shrinking_VBG  ,_,  it_PPH1  do_VD0  n't_XX  ripping_VBG  .  
  I_PPIS1  show_VV0  .    
  he_PPHO1  tugged_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  plastic_NN  which_DDQ  immediately_RR  and_CC  noiselessly_RR  split_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  laughed_VVD  .  
    ah_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    I_PPIS1  notice_VV0  you_PPY  having_VHG  sense_NN  of_IO  humour_NN  .    
  over_IO  lunch_NN  I_PPIS1  got_VVD  to_TO  know_VV0  him_PPHO1  better_RRR  .  
  we_PPIS2  arranged_VVD  to_TO  meet_VV0  again_RR  in_IO  Toni's_PPIO2  Cafe*?2_NNL1  off_IO  Bread_NP  Street_NNL1  .  
  for_IO  recognition_NN  purposes_NNS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  carry_VV0  a_AT1  small_JJ  hammer_NN  in_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  tiny_JJ  sickle_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  other_DA  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  password_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  be_VB0    Herbert_NC2  Read_NC2  .    
  fifteen_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  pretty_RR  innocent_JJ  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  believe_VV0  me_PPIO1  when_CS I_PPIS1  tell_VV0  you_PPY  that_CS  my_APP$  suspicions_NNS  were_VBDR  not_XX  yet_RR  aroused_VBN  .  
  over_IO  coffee_NN  and_CC  pretzels_NNS  we_PPIS2  talked_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  complimented_VVD  him_PPHO1  on_IO  the_AT1  improvement_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  English_NN1  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  nothing_PN1  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    I_PPIS1  perfected_VVD  my_APP$  speech_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  know_VV0  you_PPY  better_RRR  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  launched_VVD  into_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  exciting_JJ  history_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  birth_NN  of_IO  communism_NN  ,_,  giving_VBG  credit_NN  punctiliously_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  work_NN  in_IO  England_NP  of_IO  Marx_NP  and_CC  Engels_NP  ,_,  and_CC  touching_VBG  briefly_RR  on_IO  such_DA  matters_NNS  as_IO  dialectical_JJ  materialism_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  marginal_JJ  utility_NN  of_IO  land_NN  ,_,  and_CC  Ernest_NP  Bevin_NP  .  
    you_PPY  too_RR  are_VBR  for_IO  freedom_NN  ,_,  comrade_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  nodded_VVD  my_APP$  agreement_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  new_JJ  technique_NN  ,_,  evolved_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  Kiev_NP  University_NNL1  faculty_NN  of_IO  psychological_JJ  warfare_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  called_VBN  brain-washing_NN  .    
  what_DDQ  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  wanted_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  do_VD0    and_CC  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  of_RR  course_RR  prepared_VBN  to_TO  pay_VV0  handsomely_RR  ,_,  in_IO  pounds_NNS  ,_,  dollars_NNS  ,_,  ration_NN  books_NNS  ,_,  anything_PN1    was_VBDZ  to_TO  deal_VV0  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  details_NNS  ,_,  plans_NNS  and_CC  prototypes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  being_VBG  collected_VBN  together_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  great_JJ    Britain_NP  can_VM  make_VV0  it_PPH1    exhibition_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  particularly_RR  interested_JJ  in_IO  Wedgwood_NP  beakers_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  Decca_NP  record-player_NN  and_CC  Cooper's_PPIO2  Oxford_NP  marmalade_NN  .  
    but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  think_VV0  British_JJ  industrial_JJ  design_NN  is_VBZ  so_RG  hot_JJ  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  ,_,    why_CS do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  go_VV0  ahead_RR  and_CC  copy_VV0  it_PPH1  ,_,  like_IO  the_AT1  Japanese_NP2  .    
    that_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  unethical_JJ  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  shaking_VBG  his_APP$  head_NN  .  
    besides_II  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  n't_XX  the_AT1  manpower_NN  available_JJ  for_IO  such_DA  work_NN  .    
  every_AT1  month_NN  for_IO  two_MC  years_NNS  we_PPIS2  met_VVD  ,_,  never_RR  of_RR  course_RR  at_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  place_NN  twice_RR  .  
  usually_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  stand_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  football_NN  match_NN  ,_,  in_IO  some_DD  billiards_NN  saloon_NN  or_CC  strip_NN  show_NN  .  
  then_RL  we_PPIS2  would_VM  repair_VV0  ,_,  separately_RR  and_CC  by_IO  different_JJ  routes_NNS  ,_,  to_IO  his_APP$  rooms_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  eighth_MD  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Sudbury_NP  Hotel_NNL1  in_IO  Chiswick_NP  ,_,  where_CS he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  a_AT1  small_JJ  radio_NN  transmitter_NN  and_CC  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  paraphernalia_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  nefarious_JJ  craft_NN  .  
    to_TO  think_VV0  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  to_IO  him_PPHO1  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,    that_CS  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  moments_NNS  these_DD2  microfilmed_JJ  working_NN  drawings_NNS  of_IO  Mappin's_PPIO2  improved_JJ  percolator_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  Moscow_NP  !_!    
    alas_UH  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    the_AT1  radius_NN  of_IO  transmission_NN  is_VBZ  small_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  information_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  picked_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  our_APP$  receiver_NN  in_IO  Reigate_NP  and_CC  from_IO  there_RL  smuggled_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  by_IO  pigeon_NN    first_RR  to_IO  Dinard_NP  ,_,  then_RL  to_IO  Ko"ln_NP  ,_,  and_CC  from_IO  there_RL  by_IO  fast_JJ  car_NN  to_IO  Moscow_NP  .    
  the_AT1  first_MD  break_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  arrangement_NN  occurred_VVD  after_IO  about_RR  eighteen_MC  months_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  been_VBN  complaining_VBG  about_IO  the_AT1  slow_JJ  rate_NN  at_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  feeding_VBG  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  designs_NNS  of_IO  British_JJ  consumer_NN  goods_NNS  .  
    Moscow_NP  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,    is_VBZ  furious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  second_MD  five-year_JB  plan_NN  is_VBZ  nearly_RR  up_RP  and_CC  all_DB  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  so_RG  far_RR  are_VBR  the_AT1  drawings_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  cut-glass_JB  decanter_NN  ,_,  an_AT1  improved_JJ  aluminium_NN  percolator_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  trouser-press_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  pen_NN  that_PNQS writes_VBZ  wet_JJ  with_IO  dry_JJ  ink_NN  .  
  the_AT1  economy_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  \0USSR_NP  is_VBZ  becoming_VBG  lop-sided_JJ  .  
  beyond_IO  the_AT1  Urals_NP2  350,000_MC  men_NNS  and_CC  women_NNS  sit_VV0  idle_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  giant_JB  refrigerator_NN  plant_NN  waiting_VBG  for_IO  plans_NNS  .  
  our_APP$  department_NN  store_NN  is_VBZ  overflowing_VBG  with_IO  pens_NNS  .  
  Stalin_NP  is_VBZ  livid_JJ  .    
  and_CC  then_RL  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  about_IO  Russia's_PPIO2  long-term_JB  struggle_NN  to_TO  wage_VV0  economic_JJ  war_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  West_NP  .  
    the_AT1  bomb_NN  means_VBZ  military_JJ  stalemate_NN  ,_,    he_PPHO1  said_VVD  .  
    from_IO  now_RL  on_RP  we_PPIS2  fight_VV0  for_IO  economic_JJ  supremacy_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  markets_NNS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  uncommitted_JJ  nations_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  Russians_NP2  have_VH0  no_AT1  experience_NN  of_IO  consumer_NN  goods_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  British_NP2  are_VBR  renowned_JJ  as_IO  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  shopkeepers_NNS  ,_,  so_CS      
    some_DD  people_NNS  ,_,    I_PPIS1  interrupted_VVD  ,_,    would_VM  say_VV0  that_CS  the_AT1  Americans_NP2  now_RL  have_VH0  the_AT1  lead_NN  in_IO  industrial_JJ  design_NN  .    
    American_JJ  design_NN  is_VBZ  vulgar_JJ  .  
  no_AT1  character_NN  .  
  the_AT1  British_NP2  have_VH0  dignity_NN  and_CC  taste_NN  and_CC  quality_NN  .  
  please_UH  ,_,  comrade_NN  ,_,  will_VM  you_PPY  not_XX  co-operate_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  interests_NNS  of_IO  world_NN  communism_NN  .    
  after_IO  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  visited_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Smith_NP  very_RG  seldom_RR  ,_,  and_CC  if_CS  my_APP$  memory_NN  serves_VBZ  me_PPIO1  correctly_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  only_DA  additional_JJ  secrets_NNS  I_PPIS1  handed_VVD  over_RP  were_VBDR  plans_NNS  for_IO  a_AT1  new-style_JB  cardigan_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  patent_JJ  cycle_NN  hub-cap_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  beer-engine_NN  and_CC  some_DD  air-line_NN  cutlery_NN  .  
  our_APP$  me*?2salliance_NN  slowly_RR  collapsed_VVD  and_CC  until_IO  last_DA  week_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  almost_RR  succeeded_VBN  in_IO  forgetting_VBG  all_RR  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  what_DDQ  brought_VVD  it_PPH1  back_RP  were_VBDR  the_AT1  recorded_JJ  impressions_NNS  made_VBN  by_IO  \0BBC_NP  reporters_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  May_NN1  day_NN  visit_NN  to_IO  Moscow_NP  .  
  several_DA  of_IO  them_PPHO1  visited_VVD  the_AT1  great_JJ  department_NN  store_NN  ,_,  Gum_NP  ,_,  and_CC  were_VBDR  surprised_JJ  to_TO  find_VV0  that_CS  many_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  goods_NNS  on_IO  sale_NN  bore_VVD  a_AT1  striking_JJ  resemblance_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  counterparts_NNS  in_IO  British_JJ  shops_NNS    particularly_RR  the_AT1  ball-point_NN  pens_NNS  ,_,  cardigans_NNS  and_CC  cut-glass_JB  decanters_NNS  .  
  needless_JJ  to_TO  say_VV0  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  surprised_JJ  .  
  Gwyn_NP  Thomas_NP  .  
  growing_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  Meadow_NP  Prospect_NP  .  
  6_MC  reluctant_JJ  trouper_NN  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   come_VV0  through_IO  the_AT1  years_NNS  flanked_VBN  by_IO  actors_NNS  manque*?2s_JJ  who_PNQS placate_VV0  the_AT1  virus_NN  by_IO  getting_VBG  hold_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   from_IO  time_NN  to_IO  time_NN  ,_,  plastering_VBG  paint_NN  on_IO  our_APP$  faces_NNS  and_CC  pushing_VBG  us_PPIO2   into_IO  any_DD  strong_JJ  light_NN  that_PNQS happens_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  handy_JJ  .  
  my_APP$  own_DA  Svengali_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  teacher_NN  called_VBN  Howie_NP  .  
  over_IO  the_AT1  whole_JJ  period_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  youth_NN  he_PPHO1  kept_VVD  after_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  exactly_RR  what_DDQ  kind_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  dog_NN  Francis_NP  Thompson's_PPIO2  hound_NN  of_IO  heaven_NN  was_VBDZ  but_CCB  if_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  surer-footed_JJ  than_IO  Howie_NP  I_PPIS1  would_VM  be_VB0  surprised_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  not_XX  sure_JJ  what_DDQ  the_AT1  hound_NN  wanted_VVD  of_IO  Thompson_NP  but_CCB  what_DDQ  Howie_NP  required_VVD  of_IO  me_PPIO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  simple_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  wanted_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_TO  act_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  relationship_NN  began_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  primary_JJ  School_NNL1  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  ten_MC  .  
  Howie_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  graduate_NN  who_PNQS had_VHD  failed_VBN  to_TO  get_VV0  a_AT1  grammar_NN  School_NNL1  post_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  disgruntled_JJ  ,_,  idle_JJ  and_CC  apparently_RR  mad_JJ  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  dark_JJ  ,_,  dissolute_JJ  face_NN  and_CC  his_APP$  main_JB  tactic_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  lean_VV0  against_IO  a_AT1  window_NN  ledge_NN  ,_,  looking_VBG  at_IO  us_PPIO2   from_IO  between_IO  his_APP$  fingers_NNS  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  ,_,  for_IO  sanity's_NN1$  sake_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  rationing_VBG  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  us_PPIO2   .  
  the_AT1  school's_NN1$  curriculum_NN  was_VBDZ  narrow_JJ  and_CC  Howie_NP  ,_,  by_IO  the_AT1  use_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  silent_JJ  inertia_NN  ,_,  brought_VVD  it_PPH1  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  vanishing_VBG  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  convinced_VBN  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  perfectly_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  write_VV0  ,_,  spell_VV0  and_CC  figure_VV0  ,_,  but_CCB  that_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  making_VBG  a_AT1  show_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  misinformed_VBN  to_TO  bring_VV0  Howie_NP  a_AT1  daily_JJ  inch_NN  nearer_IO  his_APP$  last_DA  seizure_NN  .  
  at_IO  any_DD  show_NN  of_IO  idiocy_NN  he_PPHO1  would_VM  shout_VV0  :_:  
    nature_NN  bleeds_VBZ  ,_,  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  go_VV0  to_IO  University_NNL1  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  first-aid_JB  man_NN  .  
  wound_VV0  it_PPH1  some_RR  more_RRR  .    
  Howie_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  Welsh_JJ  nationalist_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  swam_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  duck_NN  around_IO  the_AT1  tank_NN  of_IO  tears_NNS  that_PNQS is_VBZ  fixed_VBN  firmly_RR  in_IO  any_DD  Celtic_JJ  past_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  patriotic_JJ  playlets_NNS  .  
  Howie_NP  had_VHD  stared_VBN  at_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  time_NN  and_CC  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  the_AT1  true_JJ  truculent_JJ  face_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  embattled_JJ  Celt_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  features_NNS  that_PNQS had_VHD  looked_VBN  down_RP  at_IO  the_AT1  Saxons_NP2  through_IO  the_AT1  fogs_NNS  of_IO  Snowdon_NP  ,_,  thickening_VBG  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  tried_VVD  to_TO  explain_VV0  to_IO  Howie_NP  that_CS  my_APP$  scowl_NN  had_VHD  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  my_APP$  being_VBG  Welsh_JJ  or_CC  a_AT1  bristling_JJ  insurgent_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  looked_VVD  the_AT1  way_NN  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  because_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  stage_NN  of_IO  nicotine_NN  poisoning_NN  ,_,  genuinely_RR  foxed_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  attempts_NNS  to_TO  find_VV0  any_DD  hint_NN  of_IO  promise_NN  or_CC  logic_NN  in_IO  my_APP$  environment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  subject_JJ  to_IO  some_DD  terrible_JJ  ventral_JJ  upsets_NNS  brought_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  an_AT1  unwise_JJ  excess_NN  of_IO  lentils_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  Meadow_NP  Prospect_NP  diet_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  played_VVD  along_RP  with_IO  Howie_NP  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  cycle_NN  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  written_VBN  had_VHN  two_MC  wheels_NNS  :_:  anguish_NN  and_CC  insurrection_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  boy_NN  who_PNQS did_VDD  the_AT1  major_JJ  pedalling_NN  .  
  my_APP$  first_MD  appearance_NN  in_IO  each_DD1  case_NN  was_VBDZ  as_IO  a_AT1  captive_NN  and_CC  in_IO  this_DD1  Howie_NP  left_VVD  nothing_PN1  to_IO  the_AT1  fancy_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  walk_VV0  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  bowed_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  chains_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  were_VBDR  very_RG  real_JJ  chains_NNS  and_CC  they_PPHS2  slowed_VVD  me_PPIO1  down_RP  considerably_RR  .  
  most_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  act_NN  was_VBDZ  taken_VBN  up_RP  with_IO  me_PPIO1  moving_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  wings_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  stage_NN  ,_,  clanking_VBG  and_CC  enraged_VBN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  told_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  king_NN  or_CC  chieftain_NN  to_TO  get_VV0  used_JJ  to_IO  these_DD2  trimmings_NNS  because_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  be_VB0  on_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  life_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hated_VVD  those_DD2  chains_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  left_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  memorial_NN  Hall_NNL1  by_IO  some_DD  escapologist_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  leaking_JJ  memory_NN  who_PNQS forgot_VVD  not_XX  only_RR  the_AT1  essential_JJ  details_NNS  of_IO  trickery_NN  that_PNQS would_VM  have_VH0  him_PPHO1  sailing_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  boxes_NNS  and_CC  sacks_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  also_RR  left_VVD  his_APP$  equipment_NN  behind_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  memorial_NN  Hall_NNL1  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  had_VHN  himself_PPX1  chained_VBN  up_RP  and_CC  enclosed_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  sealed_JJ  barrel_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  he_PPHO1  proposed_VVD  to_TO  make_VV0  his_APP$  escape_NN  in_IO  four_MC  minutes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  darkness_NN  must_VM  have_VH0  put_VBN  him_PPHO1  off_IO  his_APP$  stroke_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  chains_NNS  were_VBDR  of_IO  too_RG  honest_JJ  a_AT1  brand_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  took_VVD  two_MC  coopers_NNS  or_CC  hoopers_NNS  to_TO  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  out_RP  .  
  the_AT1  play_NN  on_IO  which_DDQ  Howie_NP  expended_VVD  the_AT1  most_DA  labour_NN  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  which_DDQ  showed_VVD  \0St_NNSB1  David_NP  founding_VBG  his_APP$  cathedral_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  cliffs_NNS  of_IO  Pembrokeshire_NP  where_CS a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  shin_NN  bones_NNS  can_VM  still_RR  be_VB0  seen_VBN  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  some_DD  talk_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  taking_VBG  the_AT1  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  saint_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  worked_VVD  my_APP$  face_NN  into_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  new_JJ  set_NN  of_IO  patterns_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  present_VV0  a_AT1  picture_NN  of_IO  gentle_JJ  innocence_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  that_CS  this_DD1  might_VM  possibly_RR  mark_VV0  the_AT1  opening_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  phase_NN  of_IO  more_RG  tractable_JJ  and_CC  nourishing_JJ  relationships_NNS  with_IO  my_APP$  fellows_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  shed_VV0  that_DD1  iron_NN  top-coat_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Howie_NP  was_VBDZ  dubious_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  sight_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  fettered_VBN  and_CC  revolted_VBN  had_VHD  become_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  his_APP$  drawing_NN  cards_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  to_TO  pull_VV0  a_AT1  satisfying_JJ  bristle_NN  of_IO  excitement_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  dry_JJ  skin_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  psyche_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  enquired_VVD  of_IO  a_DA  few_DA  local_JJ  hagiologists_NNS  as_IO  to_II  whether_CS  \0St_NNSB1  David_NP  had_VHD  ever_RR  gone_VBN  around_RP  in_IO  chains_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  said_VVD  no_UH  ,_,  all_DB  agreeing_VBG  that_CS  David_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  fairly_RR  limber_JJ  intriguer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  keeping_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  right_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  gyves_NNS  .  
  then_RL  Howie_NP  had_VHD  the_AT1  idea_NN  of_IO  casting_VBG  me_PPIO1  as_IO  the_AT1  sullen_JJ  landlord_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  pagan_JJ  bully_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS takes_VBZ  pleasure_NN  in_IO  saying_VBG  that_CS  he_PPHO1  would_VM  much_RR  prefer_VV0  to_TO  put_VV0  David_NP  over_IO  the_AT1  cliff_NN  than_CS  let_VV0  him_PPHO1  have_VH0  the_AT1  land_NN  required_VBN  for_IO  building_VBG  the_AT1  cathedral_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Howie_NP  could_VM  see_VV0  no_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  having_VHG  this_DD1  landlord_NN  appear_VV0  in_IO  chains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  whole_JJ  point_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  play_NN  was_VBDZ  that_CS  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  where_CS he_PPHO1  is_VBZ  struck_VBN  down_RP  by_IO  a_AT1  miracle_NN  this_DD1  landlord_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  puissant_JJ  and_CC  overbearing_JJ  man_NN  .  
  but_CCB  Howie_NP  worked_VVD  me_PPIO1  in_RP  after_IO  a_AT1  lot_NN  of_IO  hard_JJ  thinking_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  last_DA  scene_NN  the_AT1  landowner_NN  is_VBZ  raising_VBG  a_AT1  club_NN  to_IO  \0St_NNSB1  David_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  saint_NN  just_RR  stands_VBZ  there_RL  smiling_VBG  ,_,  not_XX  even_RR  lifting_VBG  his_APP$  pastoral_JJ  crook_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  original_JJ  version_NN  the_AT1  landlord_NN  gets_VBZ  his_APP$  quittance_NN  by_IO  some_DD  bit_NN  of_IO  intercession_NN  from_IO  on_IO  high_NN  .  
  Howie_NP  had_VHD  favoured_VBN  a_AT1  bolt_NN  but_CCB  this_DD1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  hard_JJ  to_TO  stage_VV0  ,_,  so_CS  he_PPHO1  fell_VVD  back_RP  on_IO  a_AT1  stroke_NN  .  
  then_RL  he_PPHO1  got_VVD  an_AT1  even_RR  sharper_JJ  idea_NN  .  
  as_CS  the_AT1  argument_NN  between_IO  the_AT1  landowner_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  saint_NN  is_VBZ  warming_VBG  up_RP  a_AT1  very_RG  fierce-looking_JJ  felon_NN  ,_,  chained_VBN  ,_,  is_VBZ  brought_VBN  on_RP  by_IO  an_AT1  escort_NN  of_IO  gaolers_NNS  on_IO  his_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  gibbet_NN  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  me_PPIO1  ,_,  back_RP  to_IO  base_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  ask_VV0  my_APP$  captors_NNS  for_IO  a_DA  few_DA  minutes'_NN2  pause_NN  .  
  the_AT1  gibbet_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  fair_JJ  way_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  gaol_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  chains_NNS  are_VBR  heavy_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  stare_VV0  at_IO  the_AT1  saint_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  trying_VBG  to_TO  remember_VV0  something_PN1  .  
  the_AT1  memory_NN  gets_VBZ  through_RP  .  
  years_NNS  before_II  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  some_DD  bit_NN  of_IO  delinquency_NN  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  caught_VBN  and_CC  led_VBN  before_IO  the_AT1  saint_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  fed_VBN  me_PPIO1  and_CC  advised_VBN  me_PPIO1  to_TO  go_VV0  straight_RR  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  even_RR  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  an_AT1  address_NN  to_IO  which_DDQ  I_PPIS1  could_VM  go_VV0  and_CC  apply_VV0  for_IO  some_DD  sort_NN  of_IO  honest_JJ  work_NN  .  
  but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  making_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  noise_NN  with_IO  my_APP$  eating_NN  to_TO  catch_VV0  the_AT1  last_DA  part_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  address_NN  ,_,  and_CC  in_IO  any_DD  case_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  stupid_JJ  with_IO  youth_NN  and_CC  flushed_VBN  with_IO  confidence_NN  .  
  the_AT1  food_NN  had_VHD  merely_RR  given_VBN  me_PPIO1  fresh_JJ  strength_NN  to_TO  move_VV0  more_RG  briskly_RR  towards_IO  some_DD  new_JJ  bit_NN  of_IO  crookedness_NN  .  the_AT1  ghostess_NN  .  
  by_IO  Betty_NP  James_NP  .  
    and_CC  ,_,    added_VVD  my_APP$  teenage_JB  son_NN  ,_,    we_PPIS2  shall_VM  also_RR  need_VV0  a_AT1  necking_NN  room_NN  .    
  coming_VBG  as_CS  it_PPH1  did_VDD  upon_IO  previous_JJ  requests_NNS  for_IO  beer_NN  and_CC  cigarettes_NNS  ,_,  this_DD1  caused_VVD  me_PPIO1  violently_RR  to_TO  wish_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  never_RR  agreed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  party_NN  at_IO  all_DB  ,_,  in_IO  spite_II  of_II  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  my_APP$  son_NN  had_VHD  filled_VBN  me_PPIO1  with_IO  pride_NN  by_IO  undertaking_VBG  a_AT1  paper-round_NN  to_TO  pay_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  catching_VBG  me_PPIO1  in_IO  a_AT1  busy_JJ  moment_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  asked_VBN  me_PPIO1  if_CS  I_PPIS1  would_VM  mind_VV0  lending_VBG  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  dance_NN  for_IO  his_APP$  friends_NNS  ;_;  and_CC  I_PPIS1    my_APP$  sanity_NN  clouded_VBN  with_IO  visions_NNS  of_IO  launching_VBG  my_APP$  boy_NN  handsomely_RR  into_IO  a_AT1  reciprocal_JJ  round_NN  of_IO  innocent_JJ  entertainment_NN    had_VHD  foolhardily_RR  agreed_VBN  to_TO  roll_VV0  up_RP  the_AT1  carpet_NN  one_MC1  night_NN  and_CC  to_TO  go_VV0  and_CC  do_VD0  my_APP$  typing_NN  elsewhere_RR  .  
  owing_IO  to_II  my_APP$  son's_NN1$  easy-going_JJ  disposition_NN  and_CC  preference_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  exotic_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  modern_JJ  ,_,  it_PPH1  suddenly_RR  dawned_VVD  upon_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  about_RP  to_TO  meet_VV0  a_AT1  posse_NN  of_IO  embryo_NN  beatniks_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  the_AT1  date_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  approached_VVD  and_CC  the_AT1  needs_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  occasion_NN  became_VVD  more_RG  and_CC  more_RG  horrifying_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  to_TO  doubt_VV0  the_AT1  wisdom_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  agreeing_VBG  .  
  patently_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  party_NN  was_VBDZ  due_JJ  to_TO  last_VV0  all_DB  night_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  telephoned_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  of_IO  my_APP$  more_RG  off-beat_JJ  friends_NNS  and_CC  was_VBDZ  indulgently_RR  advised_VBN  to_TO  give_VV0  the_AT1  kids_NNS  what_DDQ  they_PPHS2  wanted_VVD  unless_CS  I_PPIS1  wished_VVD  my_APP$  son_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  socially_RR  ostracised_VBN    and_CC  to_TO  go_VV0  out_RP  and_CC  leave_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  firmly_RR  refused_VVD  to_TO  do_VD0  .  
  to_TO  come_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  home_NN1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  built_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  sweat_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  brow_NN  ,_,  typing_VBG  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  down_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  knuckles_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  to_TO  find_VV0  it_PPH1  full_JJ  of_IO  drunken_JJ  children_NNS  and_CC  irate_JJ  parents_NNS  beating_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  door_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  necking_NN  room_NN  was_VBDZ  more_DA  than_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  stomach_VV0  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  secretly_RR  to_TO  buy_VV0  some_DD  ginger-ale_NN  and_CC  to_TO  creep_VV0  around_RP  like_IO  Banquo_NP    popping_VBG  it_PPH1  into_IO  the_AT1  beer_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_RR  .  dawn_NN  having_VHG  finally_RR  flung_VBN  her_APP$  most_RG  ominous_JJ  stone_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  work_NN  in_IO  aweful_JJ  prescience_NN  and_CC  came_VVD  back_RP  ready_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  my_APP$  son_NN  proud_RR  if_CS  it_PPH1  killed_VVD  me_PPIO1  .  
  to_IO  my_APP$  amazement_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  found_VVD  three_MC  children_NNS  already_RR  there_RL  ,_,  working_VBG  away_RP  like_IO  blacks_NNS  .  
  or_CC    I_PPIS1  should_VM  say_VV0    two_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  working_VBG  like_IO  blacks_NNS  and_CC  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  (_(  my_APP$  son_NN  )_)  was_VBDZ  directing_VBG  operations_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  masterly_JJ  fashion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  carpet_NN  had_VHD  already_RR  been_VBN  taken_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  bathroom_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  charming_JJ  boy_NN  was_VBDZ  polishing_VBG  the_AT1  floor_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sitting_NN  room_NN  ;_;  and_CC  an_AT1  adorable_JJ  little_JJ  girl_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS was_VBDZ  introduced_VBN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  as_IO    Marblehead_NP  ,_,    was_VBDZ  making_VBG  sandwiches_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  kitchen_NN  .  
  apart_IO  from_II  being_VBG  touched_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  very_DA  soul_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  also_RR  sickened_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  stomach_NN  to_TO  think_VV0  that_CS  these_DD2  innocent_JJ  little_JJ  darlings_NNS  were_VBDR  about_RP  to_TO  turn_VV0  into_IO  hideous_JJ  ,_,  beer-swilling_JJ  ,_,  chain-smoking_JJ  ,_,  necking_JJ  monsters_NNS  in_IO  a_AT1  very_RG  short_JJ  time_NN  .  
  at_IO  an_AT1  age_NN  and_CC  time_NN  of_IO  day_NN  when_CS ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  youth_NN  ,_,  Christopher_NP  Robin_NP  was_VBDZ  saying_VBG  his_APP$  prayers_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  pink_JJ  and_CC  healthy_JJ  chip_NN  off_IO  my_APP$  own_DA  block_NN  was_VBDZ  probably_RR  about_RP  to_TO  sprout_VV0  horns_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  tail_NN  .  
  our_APP$  flat_NN  consists_VBZ  of_IO  a_AT1  sitting_NN  room_NN  and_CC  two_MC  bedrooms_NNS  .  
  feeling_VBG  it_PPH1  less_DA  of_IO  a_AT1  condonation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  corybantic_JJ  diableries_NNS  about_RP  to_TO  be_VB0  performed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  invited_JJ  jeunesse_NN  dore*?2_&FW  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  allotted_VBN  my_APP$  own_DA  bedroom_NN  for_IO  necking_NN  ,_,  prudently_RR  removing_VBG  both_DB2  the_AT1  bed_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  key_NN  ,_,  and_CC  taken_VBN  both_DB2  myself_PPX1  and_CC  my_APP$  typewriter_NN  into_IO  my_APP$  son's_NN1$  bedroom_NN  .  
  at_IO  intervals_NNS  between_IO  6_MC  and_CC  7_MC  \0p.m_RR  bunches_NNS  of_IO  children_NNS  arrived_VVD  and_CC  ,_,  to_IO  my_APP$  surprise_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hauled_VBN  out_RP  with_IO  each_DD1  new_JJ  invasion_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  introduced_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  son_NN  with_IO  what_DDQ  seemed_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  certain_JJ  amount_NN  of_IO  inexplicable_JJ  pride_NN  .  
  inexplicable_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  our_APP$  guests_NNS  looked_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  doubtfully_RR  ,_,  possibly_RR  due_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  not_XX  dressed_VBN  to_TO  meet_VV0  anybody_PN1  ,_,  since_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  expected_VBN  to_TO  be_VB0  kept_VBN  well_RR  out_RP  of_IO  sight_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  wrapped_VBN  in_IO  my_APP$  usual_JJ  working_NN  costume_NN  of_IO  huge_JJ  and_CC  somewhat_RR  grubby_JJ  red_JJ  flannel_NN  dressing-gown_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  omitted_VBN  to_TO  don_VV0  a_AT1  face_NN  and_CC    another_DD1  normal_JJ  concession_NN  to_IO  work_NN    had_VHD  twined_VBN  curlers_NNS  in_IO  my_APP$  hair_NN  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  deter_VV0  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  from_IO  plunging_VBG  wildly_RR  through_IO  my_APP$  new_JJ  hair-do_NN  in_IO  moments_NNS  of_IO  creative_JJ  stress_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  to_IO  my_APP$  dismay_NN  ,_,  three_MC  boys_NNS  arrived_VVD  bearing_VBG  musical_JJ  instruments_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  festivities_NNS  got_VVD  under_IO  way_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  placed_VBN  the_AT1  beer_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  strategic_JJ  position_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  hall_NN  chest_NN  outside_IO  my_APP$  son's_NN1$  door_NN  so_CS  that_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  listen_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  moment_NN  when_CS childish_JJ  thirst_NN  overcame_VVD  caution_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  time_NN  arrived_VVD  for_IO  the_AT1  ginger_NN  ale_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  wielded_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  defensive_JJ  weapon_NN  .  
  for_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  nothing_PN1  happened_VVD  ,_,  nobody_PN1  came_VVD  near_IO  the_AT1  beer_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  typed_VVD  away_RP  with_IO  my_APP$  other_DA  ear_NN  attuned_VBN  to_IO  my_APP$  bedroom_NN  door_NN    which_DDQ  remained_VVD  firmly_RR  closed_VBN  .  
  the_AT1  noise_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  was_VBDZ  deafening_JJ  but_CCB  tuneful_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  boy_NN  prodigies_NNS  might_VM  play_VV0  loudly_RR    but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  obviously_RR  able_JJ  to_TO  play_VV0  in_IO  tune_NN  .  
  after_IO  another_DD1  hour_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  footsteps_NNS  approaching_VBG  and_CC  dashed_VVD  for_IO  my_APP$  deterrents_NNS  .  
  whether_CS  in_IO  drink_NN  or_CC  deflowerment_NN  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  obviously_RR  about_RP  to_TO  have_VH0  to_TO  defend_VV0  to_IO  the_AT1  death_NN  the_AT1  innocence_NN  of_IO  some_DD  defenceless_JJ  girl_NN  .  
  all_RR  very_RG  well_JJ  for_IO  my_APP$  friends_NNS  to_TO  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  my_APP$  son_NN  was_VBDZ  doomed_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  lonely_JJ  and_CC  celibate_JJ  life_NN  if_CS  I_PPIS1  interfered_VVD  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  before_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  laid_VBN  eyes_NNS  on_IO  all_DB  those_DD2  bright_JJ  young_JJ  things_NNS  .  
  all_RR  right_RR  ,_,  go_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  tell_VV0  me_PPIO1  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  nothing_PN1  but_IO  disburgeoned_JJ  delinquents_NNS    they_PPHS2  did_VDD  n't_XX  look_VV0  like_IO  that_DD1  to_IO  me_PPIO1  .  
  my_APP$  door_NN  opened_VVD  and_CC  a_AT1  child_NN  of_IO  about_RR  fifteen_MC  put_VVD  her_APP$  head_NN  round_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  at_IO  me_PPIO1  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  ,_,  wide-eyed_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  asked_VVD  ,_,  
    am_VBM  I_PPIS1  interrupting_VBG  you_PPY  .    
  I_PPIS1  assured_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  her_APP$  visit_NN  was_VBDZ  welcome_JJ  and_CC  ,_,  encouraged_VBN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  added_VVD  ,_,  
    are_VBR  we_PPIS2  making_VBG  too_RG  much_DA  noise_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  thanked_VVD  her_PPHO1  for_IO  her_APP$  thoughtfulness_NN  and_CC  explained_VVD  that_CS  ,_,  since_CS  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  son's_NN1$  party_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  did_VDD  not_XX  feel_VV0  entitled_VBN  to_TO  complain_VV0  .  
  she_PPHO1  then_RL  asked_VVD  me_PPIO1  why_CS I_PPIS1  did_VDD  n't_XX  come_VV0  and_CC  join_VV0  the_AT1  party_NN  .  
  this_DD1  undoubted_JJ  compliment_NN  took_VVD  me_PPIO1  by_IO  surprise_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  thanked_VVD  her_PPHO1  very_RG  much_RR  and_CC  told_VVD  her_PPHO1  that_CS  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  quite_RR  happy_JJ  and_CC  felt_VVD  that_CS  my_APP$  interference_NN  at_IO  this_DD1  stage_NN  would_VM  not_XX  only_RR  be_VB0  unsuitable_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  would_VM  also_RR  make_VV0  her_PPHO1  unpopular_JJ  with_IO  her_APP$  contemporaries_NNS  .  
  after_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  explained_VBN  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  meant_VVD  she_PPHO1  seemed_VVD  flattered_VBN  and_CC  pleased_JJ  but_CCB  emphatically_RR  denied_VVD  that_CS  parents_NNS  were_VBDR  necessarily_RR  squares_NNS  and_CC  thus_RR  geometrically_RR  unsuited_JJ  to_IO  teenage_JB  coruscations_NNS  .  
  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  an_AT1  enlightening_JJ  conversation_NN    on_IO  both_DB2  our_APP$  parts_NNS  .  
    Angus_NP  told_VVD  me_PPIO1  that_CS  you_PPY  write_VV0  ,_,    she_PPHO1  stated_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  this_DD1  fact_NN  whilst_CS  inarguably_RR  forever_RR  condemning_VBG  me_PPIO1  to_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  tepid_JJ  Bohemianism_NN1    nevertheless_RR  earned_VVD  for_IO  me_PPIO1  the_AT1  right_NN  of_IO  entry_NN  into_IO  any_DD  company_NN  ,_,  even_RR  theirs_PP$  .  
  after_IO  this_DD1  she_PPHO1  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  friends_NNS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  called_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  rescue_NN  ,_,  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  to_IO  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  leopard-skin_NN  tights_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  black_JJ  sweater_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  depleted_JJ  wardrobe_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  hustled_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  sitting-room_NN  and_CC  taught_VBN  the_AT1  rock_NN  n'_CC  roll_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  cha-cha_NN  and_CC  other_DA  gay_JJ  ,_,  if_CS  labyrinthine_JJ  ,_,  mystiques_NNS  .  
  five_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  elder_JJ  boys_NNS  (_(  including_IO  the_AT1  instrumentalists_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS deserved_VVD  it_PPH1  )_)  drank_VVD  four_MC  bottles_NNS  of_IO  beer_NN  apiece_RR  ;_;  the_AT1  others_DA2  fell_VVD  with_IO  delighted_JJ  cries_NNS  on_IO  the_AT1  ginger-ale_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sandwiches_NNS  were_VBDR  devoured_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  small_JJ  girl_NN  fell_VVD  asleep_JJ  in_IO  the_AT1  necking_NN  room_NN  .  
  at_IO  9.30_MC  the_AT1  lights_NNS  were_VBDR  turned_VBN  out_RP  and_CC  dancing_NN  continued_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  returned_VVD  to_IO  my_APP$  work_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  little_JJ  girl_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  necking_NN  room_NN  slept_VVD  undisturbed_JJ  .  
  nine_MC  of_IO  the_AT1  children_NNS  left_VVD  at_IO  10.45_MC  obviously_RR  with_IO  appreciable_JJ  respect_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  instructions_NNS  of_IO  stern_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  just_JJ  parents_NNS  .  
  three_MC  boys_NNS  (_(  one_MC1  the_AT1  brother_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  sleeping_JJ  child_NN  )_)  stayed_VVD  overnight_RR    after_IO  phoning_VBG  for_IO  permission_NN    to_TO  help_VV0  restore_VV0  order_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  morning_NN  .  
  amongst_IO  my_APP$  so-called_JB  grown-up_JJ  acquaintances_NNS  where_CS shall_VM  I_PPIS1  ever_RR  find_VV0  gathered_VBN  together_RR  such_DA  a_AT1  charming_JJ  ,_,  friendly_JJ  ,_,  unspoilt_JJ  and_CC  generous_JJ  cross-section_NN  of_IO  humanity_NN  as_CS  graced_VVD  our_APP$  home_NN1  on_IO  the_AT1  night_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  son's_NN1$  party_NN  .  
  where_CS are_VBR  the_AT1  profligate_JJ  little_JJ  terrors_NNS  I_PPIS1  hear_VV0  about_IO  .  
  not_XX  necessarily_RR  (_(  as_CS  some_DD  would_VM  have_VH0  it_PPH1  )_)  amongst_IO  the_AT1  members_NNS  of_IO  co-educational_JJ  schools_NNS  .  
  these_DD2  young_JJ  people_NNS  seem_VV0  to_TO  have_VH0  acquired_VBN  a_AT1  healthier_JJ  slant_NN  on_IO  life_NN  than_CS  have_VH0  some_DD  of_IO  their_APP$  more_RG  conventional_JJ  contemporaries_NNS  and_CC  ,_,  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  a_AT1  sample_NN  of_IO  youth_NN  today_NN1  ,_,  the_AT1  psychiatrists'_NN2  couches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  future_NN  should_VM  creak_VV0  much_RR  less_RG  frequently_RR  as_CS  they_PPHS2  get_VV0  ready_JJ  to_TO  bear_VV0  the_AT1  burden_NN  of_IO  yet_RR  another_DD1  pathological_JJ  despair_NN  .  
  asked_VBN  at_IO  a_AT1  Coroner's_NNSB2  inquest_NN  to_TO  prove_VV0  his_APP$  identity_NN  and_CC  to_TO  agree_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  doctor_NN  replied_VVD  :_:  
    yes_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  a_AT1  medical_JJ  practitioner_NN    in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  best_JJT  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  .    
  ribbed_VBN  afterwards_RR  by_IO  a_AT1  colleague_NN  for_IO  immodesty_NN  and_CC  unprofessional_JJ  conduct_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  \0M.D_NN  replied_VVD  :_:  
    alas_UH  !_!  
  what_DDQ  else_RR  could_VM  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  oath_NN  .    
  castle_NN  wanted_VBN  .  
  by_IO  John_NP  Hammond_NP  .  
    being_VBG  a_AT1  top_JB  person_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  balance_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  .  .    
  the_AT1  British_JJ  character_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  quite_RR  dead_JJ  .  
  that_DD1  is_VBZ  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  able_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  delighted_JJ  ,_,  to_TO  report_VV0  after_IO  devoting_VBG  twelve_MC  months_NNS  to_IO  reading_VBG  the_AT1  personal_JJ  column_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Times_NP    that_DD1  daily_JJ  barometer_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  hopes_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  fears_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  dreams_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  nation's_NN1$  top_JB  people_NNS  .  
  even_RR  in_IO  the_AT1  1960s_MC2  ,_,  it_PPH1  seems_VBZ  ,_,  there_EX  are_VBR  still_RR  among_IO  us_PPIO2   independent_JJ  spirits_NNS  who_PNQS refuse_VV0  to_TO  allow_VV0  their_APP$  horizons_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  limited_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  8.15_MC  and_CC  the_AT1  goggle-box_NN  ;_;  who_PNQS will_VM  go_VV0  anywhere_RR  and_CC  do_VD0  anything_PN1  ,_,  fight_VV0  a_AT1  duel_NN  ,_,  hire_VV0  a_AT1  parachutist_NN  (_(    either_LE  sex_NN    )_)  for_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  assignment_NN  ,_,  and_CC  are_VBR  in_IO  the_AT1  market_NN  for_IO  anything_PN1  ,_,  from_IO  a_AT1  rocking_NN  horse_NN  ,_,    traditional_JJ    ,_,  to_IO  a_AT1  chastity_NN  belt_NN  ,_,    metal_NN  overlaid_VBN  with_IO  velvet_NN    .  
  reduced_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  baser_JJ  elements_NNS  the_AT1  motives_NNS  that_PNQS drive_VV0  anyone_PN1  to_TO  invest_VV0  in_IO  a_DA  few_DA  lines_NNS  of_IO  Times_NP  type_NN  are_VBR  not_XX  so_RG  greatly_RR  different_JJ  from_IO  those_DD2  of_IO  advertisers_NNS  in_IO  lesser_JJ  journals_NNS  :_:  the_AT1  desire_NN  to_TO  acquire_VV0  something_PN1  you_PPY  have_VH0  not_XX  got_VBN  yourself_PPX1  ,_,  including_IO  money_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  complementary_JJ  urge_NN  to_TO  sell_VV0  someone_PN1  else_RR  something_PN1  you_PPY  have_VH0  yourself_PPX1  but_CCB  would_VM  sooner_RRR  be_VB0  without_IO  .  
  what_DDQ  distinguishes_VBZ  a_AT1  Times_NP  personal_JJ  column_NN  \0ad_NN  is_VBZ  its_APP$  careless_JJ  ,_,  well-bred_JJ  panache_NN  .  
  for_IO  example_NN  ,_,  lots_NNS  of_IO  people_NNS  in_IO  this_DD1  sad_JJ  ,_,  overcrowded_JJ  little_JJ  world_NN  of_IO  ours_PP$  suffer_VV0  from_IO  a_AT1  housing_NN  problem_NN  but_CCB  how_CS different_JJ  from_IO  the_AT1  pathetic_JJ  appeal_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  local_JJ  newsagent's_NN1$  window_NN  is_VBZ      I_PPIS1  am_VBM  urgently_RR  seeking_VBG  an_AT1  enormous_JJ  country_NN  house_NN  anywhere_RR  in_IO  England_NP  .    ,_,  or_CC      castle_NN  wanted_VBN  as_IO  permanent_JJ  home_NN1  by_IO  young_JJ  couple_NN  .  .    
  there_EX  is_VBZ  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  hint_NN  of_IO  well-bred_JJ  panic_NN  in_IO      agonized_JJ  family_NN  (_(  5_MC  )_)  aesthetic_JJ  and_CC  practical_JJ  ambitions_NNS  ,_,  urgently_RR  require_VV0  Georgian_JJ  (_(  or_CC  similar_JJ  )_)  house_NN  .  derelict_JJ  castle_NN  ,_,  unmanageable_JJ  mansion_NN  or_CC  anything_PN1  .    ;_;  and_CC  perhaps_RR  an_AT1  appeal_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  esprit_NN  de_&FW  corps_NN  which_DDQ  ,_,  one_MC1  imagines_VBZ  ,_,  exists_VBZ  among_IO  our_APP$  top_JB  people_NNS  ,_,  in_IO      my_APP$  husband_NN  and_CC  I_PPIS1  ,_,  Nanny_NNSB1  and_CC  the_AT1  children_NNS  will_VM  be_VB0  homeless_JJ  next_DA  January_NN1  unless_CS  you_PPY  sell_VV0  or_CC  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   that_DD1  six_MC  bedroomed_JJ  Georgian_JJ  country_NN  house_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  \0Herts-Essex_NP  borders_NNS  that_CS  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  sought_VBN  sorrowfully_RR  these_DD2  last_DA  two_MC  years_NNS  .  .    
  nor_CC  should_VM  one_MC1  assume_VV0  that_DD1  money_NN  is_VBZ  no_AT1  object_NN  with_IO  every_AT1  advertiser_NN  .  
  being_VBG  a_AT1  top_JB  person_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  appear_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  not_XX  so_RG  much_RR  a_AT1  question_NN  of_IO  bank_NN  balance_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  mind_NN  ,_,  and_CC  sprinkled_VBN  among_IO  the_AT1  demands_NNS  for_IO  ancestral_JJ  homes_NN2  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  requests_NNS  like_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  from_IO    impoverished_JJ  ,_,  very_RG  junior_JJ  executive_NN    in_IO  need_NN  of_IO  living_NN  space_NN  .  
  naturally_RR  though_RR  ,_,  it_PPH1  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  within_IO  walking_NN  distance_NN  of_IO  Mayfair_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  ,_,  apart_IO  from_II  that_DD1  ,_,  an_AT1  attic_NN  with_IO  only_RR  a_AT1  shower_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  gas_NN  ring_NN  will_VM  suffice_VV0  .  
  practitioners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  arts_NNS  are_VBR  to_TO  be_VB0  found_VBN  at_IO  both_DB2  ends_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  financial_JJ  scale_NN  ,_,  from_IO  the_AT1  quiet-seeking_JJ  writer_NN  wishing_VBG  to_TO  rent_VV0  a_AT1  wing_NN  of_IO  a_AT1    too-large_JB  castle_NN    or_CC  mansion_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  Scottish_JJ  Highlands_NP2  (_(    a_AT1  library_NN  ,_,  music_NN  room_NN  ,_,  or_CC  private_JJ  chapel_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  much_RR  appreciated_VBN    )_)  to_IO  the_AT1    very_RG  poor_JJ  novelist_NN    in_IO  search_NN  of_IO  shelter_NN  for_IO  himself_PPX1  and_CC  some_DD  furniture_NN  in_IO  London_NP  ,_,    charitable_JJ  offers_NNS  only_RR  ,_,  please_UH  .    
  the_AT1  possession_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  four-footed_JJ  friend_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  problem_NN  to_IO  all_DB  seekers_NNS  after_IO  a_AT1  roof_NN  and_CC  puts_VBZ  the_AT1  experienced_JJ  advertiser_NN  on_IO  his_APP$  mettle_NN  .  
  the_AT1  bravura_NN  of_IO      accommodation_NN  for_IO  amiable_JJ  bloodhound_NN  ,_,  grand_JJ  piano_NN  and_CC  architect_NN  owner_NN  sought_VBN  ;_;  old_JJ  vicarage_NN  .    disused_JJ  wing_NN  .    help_VV0  !_!    has_VHZ  already_RR  been_VBN  celebrated_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  leading_JJ  article_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  journal_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  it_PPH1  appeared_VVD  ;_;  but_CCB  equally_RR  moving_JJ  ,_,  in_IO  a_AT1  more_RG  restrained_JJ  key_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ      old_JJ  English_JJ  sheepdog_NN  pup_NN  and_CC  Canadian_JJ  gentleman_NN  desire_VV0  to_TO  be_VB0  paying_JJ  guests_NNS  at_IO  Farm_NNL1  or_CC  country_NN  House_NNL1  .  .    
  however_RR  ,_,  even_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  worst_JJT  happens_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  top_JB  person's_NN1$  dogs_NNS    provided_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  few_DA  and_CC  small_JJ    may_VM  be_VB0    boarded_VBN  out_RP  en_&FW  famille_&FW    ,_,  in_IO  another_DD1  advertiser's_NN1$  country_NN  residence_NN  .  
  and_CC  their_APP$  felines_NNS  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  be_VB0  relieved_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  ,_,  may_VM  find_VV0  accommodation_NN  suited_VBN  to_IO  their_APP$  station_NN  at_IO  the_AT1    Cat-a-Guest_NP  House_NNL1    ,_,  with_IO    expert_JJ  care_NN  ;_;  cuisine_NN  a_AT1  speciality_NN  .    the_AT1  voice_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  turtle-dove_NN  .  
  Anthony_NP  Carson_NP  .  
  Vence_NP  is_VBZ  a_AT1  sober_JJ  spot_NN  ,_,  half_RR  way_RR  between_IO  small_JJ  town_NN  and_CC  village_NN  ,_,  pigeon_NN  grey_JJ  ,_,  sly_JJ  with_IO  arches_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  linked_VBN  by_IO  a_AT1  whispering_JJ  plot_NN  of_IO  fountains_NNS  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  tree-heavy_JJ  square_NN  you_PPY  can_VM  sit_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  autumn_NN  sunshine_NN  ,_,  still_RR  burning_VBG  like_IO  a_AT1  half-cooled_JJ  iron_NN  ,_,  sip_VV0  pastis_&FW  and_CC  read_VV0  the_AT1  local_JJ  newspapers_NNS  .  
  one_MC1  called_VBN  la_&FW  patriote_&FW  is_VBZ  communist_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  at_IO  the_AT1  time_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  arrival_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  throwing_VBG  huge_JJ  over-ripe_JJ  verbal_JJ  tomatoes_NNS  at_IO  General_NNSB1  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  .  
  one_MC1  side_NN  of_IO  this_DD1  square_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  smart_JJ  but_CCB  modest_JJ  bar_NN  called_VBN  Pierre's_PPIO2  bar_NN  .  
  for_IO  one_MC1  day_NN  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  help_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  Syndicat_NP  d'Initiative_&FW  ,_,  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  been_VBN  hunting_VBG  for_IO  furnished_JJ  rooms_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  had_VHD  given_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  when_CS an_AT1  elderly_JJ  lady_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  owner_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  residence_NN  called_VBN  the_AT1  poet's_NN1$  nest_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  firmly_RR  closed_VBN  the_AT1  door_NN  in_IO  our_APP$  noses_NNS  .  
    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  a_AT1  pity_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Mart_NP  ,_,    because_CS  it_PPH1  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  a_AT1  good_JJ  address_NN  .    
  now_RL  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  radar_NN  look_NN  ,_,  she_PPHO1  decided_VVD  Pierre_NP  would_VM  solve_VV0  our_APP$  problems_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  true_JJ  ,_,  Pierre_NP  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  true_JJ  Provenc*?6al_NN1  ,_,  thin_JJ  and_CC  yellow_JJ  as_IO  lemon_NN  peel_NN  ,_,  wrestling_VBG  with_IO  some_DD  gnawing_JJ  rat_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  illness_NN  ,_,  man_NN  of_IO  all_DB  trades_NNS  ,_,  married_VBN  to_IO  a_AT1  commanding_JJ  lady_NN  who_PNQS loved_VVD  small_JJ  talk_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  discreet_JJ  accumulation_NN  of_IO  money_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  in_RP  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  a_DA  few_DA  people_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  bar_NN  ,_,  elderly_JJ  ,_,  well-off_JJ  ,_,  artistic_JJ  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  you_PPY  felt_VVD  ,_,  had_VHD  made_VBN  a_AT1  hard_JJ  bargain_NN  for_IO  giving_VBG  up_RP  .  
    I_PPIS1  have_VH0  furnished_JJ  rooms_NNS  ,_,    said_VVD  Pierre_NP  ,_,    and_CC  all_DB  \0mod_JJ  \0cons_NNS  .    
  the_AT1  price_NN  was_VBDZ  16,000_MC  francs_NNS  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
    yes_UH  ,_,    we_PPIS2  said_VVD  immediately_RR  ,_,  even_RR  before_IO  viewing_VBG  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  shown_VBN  around_RP  by_IO  Pierre_NP  .  
  the_AT1  flat_NN  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  third_MD  floor_NN  ;_;  two_MC  rooms_NNS  ;_;  soft_JJ  Provenc*?6al_JJ  view_NN  ;_;  good_JJ  intimate_JJ  furnishing_NN  and_CC  colour_NN  ;_;  running_JJ  hot_JJ  water_NN  from_IO  Butagas_NP  installation_NN  for_IO  washing-up_NN  ,_,  basin_NN  and_CC  bidet_NN  ;_;  own_DA  private_JJ  ,_,  modern_JJ  lavatory_NN  .  
  the_AT1  first_MD  night's_NN1$  sleeping_NN  was_VBDZ  like_IO  a_AT1  long_JJ  convalescence_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  woken_VBN  up_RP  twice_RR  about_IO  dawn_NN  by_IO  a_AT1  soft_JJ  eruption_NN  of_IO  turtle-doves_NNS  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  strange_JJ  ,_,  even_RR  magic_JJ  ,_,  because_CS  the_AT1  owner's_NN1$  name_NN  was_VBDZ  Pierre_NP  Tortorolo_NP  which_DDQ  ,_,  in_IO  Nicoison_NP  Italian_NN1  means_VBZ    turtledove_NN    .  
  Pierre_NP  Turtledove_NP  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  woke_VVD  up_RP  properly_RR  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  raining_VBG  ,_,  an_AT1  even_RR  more_RG  hopeless_JJ  rain_NN  than_IO  London_NP  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  looked_VVD  out_RP  of_IO  the_AT1  windows_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  weeping_JJ  trees_NNS  and_CC  the_AT1  curling_JJ  white_JJ  breath_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  mountains_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  land_NN  looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  beaten_JJ  woman_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  turtle-doves_NNS  cried_VVD  her_APP$  shame_NN  .  
  there_RL  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  ,_,  in_IO  fact_NN  ,_,  below_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  eight_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  four_MC  of_IO  them_PPHO1  were_VBDR  flattened_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  window_NN  sills_NNS  ,_,  two_MC  immolated_VBN  on_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  roof_NN  top_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  other_DA  pair_NN  copulating_VBG  .  
  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  a_AT1  morning_NN  at_IO  Pierre's_PPIO2  .  
  he_PPHO1  talked_VVD  about_IO  people_NNS  .  
  Marc_NP  Chagall_NP  used_VVD  to_TO  live_VV0  here_RL  and_CC  an_AT1  Englishman_NN1  named_VBN  Lawrence_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  here_RL  ,_,  near_IO  the_AT1  railway_NN  station_NN  ,_,  three_MC  or_CC  four_MC  years_NNS  .  
  during_IO  this_DD1  period_NN  he_PPHO1  wrote_VVD  a_AT1  book_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  lover_NN  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chatterly_NP  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  n't_XX  read_VBN  it_PPH1  ;_;  Madame_NNSB1  did_VDD  all_DB  the_AT1  reading_NN  .  
  Lawrence_NP  died_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  very_DA  place_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  come_VV0  to_IO  Pierre's_PPIO2  bar_NN  again_RR  and_CC  again_RR  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  he_PPHO1  could_VM  n't_XX  really_RR  remember_VV0  him_PPHO1  ,_,  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  .  
  the_AT1  sun_NN  came_VVD  out_RP  ;_;  Mart_NP  went_VVD  shopping_VBG  ;_;  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  reading_VBG  the_AT1  patriote_&FW  .  
  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  front-page_JB  rear-attack_NN  on_IO  de_&FW  Gaulle_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  rest_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  was_VBDZ  given_VBN  up_RP  to_IO  murders_NNS  ,_,  apart_RP  for_II  an_AT1  outcry_NN  against_IO  a_AT1  proposal_NN  to_TO  drop_VV0  radio-active_JJ  material_NN  into_IO  the_AT1  Mediterranean_NP  between_IO  Corsica_NP  and_CC  \0St_NNSB1  Raphael_NP  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  murders_NNS  were_VBDR  well_RR  documented_VBN  and_CC  had_VHD  the_AT1  air_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  written_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  ingenious_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  mad_JJ  film_NN  director_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  thirties_MC2  .  
  they_PPHS2  mostly_RR  occurred_VVD  in_IO  lonely_JJ  farm-houses_NNS  .  
  Monsieur_NNSB1  \0H_NP  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  clubbed_VBN  and_CC  throttled_VBN  to_IO  death_NN  by_IO  his_APP$  wife_NN  ,_,  children_NNS  and_CC  father-in-law_NN  ,_,  after_IO  muddling_VBG  up_RP  some_DD  sheep_NNS  while_CS  the_AT1  worse_JJ  for_IO  drink_NN  .  
  the_AT1  family_NN  group_NN  then_RL  sat_VVD  down_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  late_JJ  lunch_NN  before_CS  the_AT1  father-in-law_NN  telephoned_VVD  the_AT1  police_NNS  .  
  then_RL  again_RR  ,_,  Monsieur_NNSB1  \0V_NP  ,_,  owing_IO  to_II  family_NN  troubles_NNS  ,_,  had_VHD  written_VBN  to_II  the_AT1  local_JJ  paper_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  of_IO  police_NNS  ,_,  informing_VBG  them_PPHO1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  on_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  committing_VBG  suicide_NN  ,_,  and_CC  gratefully_RR  leaving_VBG  his_APP$  house_NN  appurtenances_NNS  and_CC  utensils_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  .  
  Monsieur_NNSB1  \0V's_PPIO2  house_NN  was_VBDZ  immediately_RR  surrounded_VBN  by_IO  firemen_NNS  and_CC  other_DA  officials_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  there_EX  was_VBDZ  no_AT1  Monsieur_NNSB1  \0V_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  telephoned_VVD  a_DA  few_DA  minutes_NNS  later_RRR  from_IO  a_AT1  nearby_JB  village_NN  ,_,  apologising_VBG  for_IO  the_AT1  trouble_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  explaining_VBG  that_CS  the_AT1  walls_NNS  were_VBDR  porous_JJ  and_CC  the_AT1  gas_NN  had_VHD  escaped_VBN  .  
  general_JJ  relief_NN  was_VBDZ  expressed_VBN  ,_,  but_CCB  Monsieur_NNSB1  \0V_NP  (_(  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  actually_RR  reported_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  issue_NN  )_)  returned_VVD  home_NN1  and_CC  shot_VVD  himself_PPX1  ,_,  leaving_VBG  a_AT1  note_NN  which_DDQ  again_RR  left_VVD  his_APP$  household_NN  goods_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  superintendent_NN  .  
  some_DD  grim_JJ  comic_JJ  relief_NN  was_VBDZ  provided_VBN  by_IO  an_AT1  elderly_JJ  farm_NN  labourer_NN  out_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  shoot_NN  who_PNQS hid_VVD  himself_PPX1  in_IO  a_AT1  bush_NN  and_CC  imitated_VVD  a_AT1  blackbird_NN  .  
  unfortunately_RR  a_AT1  sporting_JJ  taxi-driver_NN  was_VBDZ  after_IO  this_DD1  very_DA  bird_NN  and_CC  shot_VVD  the_AT1  farm-labourer_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  face_NN  .  
  all_DB  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  ended_VVD  well_RR  ,_,  reported_VVD  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  since_CS  the_AT1  pellets_NNS  were_VBDR  easily_RR  removed_VBN  and_CC  the_AT1  labourer_NN  was_VBDZ  able_JJ  to_TO  return_VV0  to_IO  work_NN  the_AT1  same_DA  afternoon_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  travelled_VVD  down_RP  to_IO  Nice_NP  on_IO  the_AT1  Lambretta_NP  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  free-wheel_VV0  down_RP  a_AT1  quarter_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  middle_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  valley_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  sea_NN  of_IO  vines_NNS  and_CC  olives_NNS  and_CC  beaches_NNS  of_IO  earth_NN  pricked_VBN  to_IO  blood_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  hoe_NN  .  
  rising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  flecked_JJ  sea_NN  are_VBR  islands_NNS  tapering_VBG  to_IO  shipwrecked_JJ  castles_NNS  and_CC  towns_NNS  ,_,  grey_JJ  ,_,  rose-headed_JJ  mariners_NNS  clinging_VBG  like_IO  limpets_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  rock_NN  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  curd_NN  of_IO  morning_NN  smoke_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  muffled_JJ  bell_NN  taps_VBZ  the_AT1  sky_NN  .  
  here_RL  we_PPIS2  stopped_VVD  ,_,  as_CS  in_IO  fine_JJ  weather_NN  we_PPIS2  always_RR  stopped_VVD  .  
  down_RP  below_II  is_VBZ  the_AT1  village_NN  of_IO  Cagnes_NP  ,_,  but_CCB  between_II  are_VBR  pockets_NNS  of_IO  heat_NN  and_CC  cold_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  hands_NNS  of_IO  friends_NNS  or_CC  strangers_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  flurry_NN  of_IO  early_JJ  smells_NNS  ,_,  the_AT1  dark_JJ  bosoms_NNS  of_IO  beech_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  thin_JJ  pine_NN  fingers_NNS  kissed_VBN  by_IO  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  then_RL  here_RL  was_VBDZ  Nice_NP  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  old_JJ  holiday_NN  sea_NN  ,_,  blue_JJ  as_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  school_NN  exercise_NN  book_NN  .  
  the_AT1  same_DA  old_JJ  Nice_NP  ,_,  creamy_JJ  ,_,  vulgar_JJ  ,_,  out_RP  of_IO  time_NN  ,_,  bitter-sweet_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  ghosts_NNS  of_IO  dead_JJ  monarchs_NNS  and_CC  brilliant_JJ  prostitutes_NNS  ,_,  edging_VBG  past_IO  grubby_JJ  grandeur_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  old_JJ  sleeping_JJ  port_NN  .  
  this_DD1  ,_,  and_CC  Paris_NP  ,_,  were_VBDR  my_APP$  ruined_JJ  pavilions_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  could_VM  catch_VV0  the_AT1  taste_NN  of_IO  dead_JJ  dreams_NNS  on_IO  my_APP$  tongue_NN  like_IO  spray_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  parked_VVD  the_AT1  Lambretta_NP  opposite_IO  the_AT1  Negresco_NP  ,_,  and_CC  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  beach_NN  to_TO  have_VH0  a_AT1  swim_NN  .  
  amazing_JJ  bedlam_NN  rocked_VVD  in_IO  our_APP$  eyes_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  sea_NN  boiled_VVD  with_IO  waves_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  galloped_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  walls_NNS  and_CC  spumed_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  Promenade_NP  des_&FW  Anglais_NP  .  
  a_AT1  huge_JJ  crowd_NN  had_VHD  collected_VBN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  firemen_NNS  and_CC  policemen_NNS  and_CC  ambulances_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  eyes_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  spectators_NNS  were_VBDR  hard_JJ  with_IO  disaster_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  all_DB  had_VHD  that_DD1  neat_JJ  look_NN  of_IO  Mediterranean_NP  people_NNS  to_IO  whom_WPO  nothing_PN1  could_VM  ever_RR  happen_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  chosen_JJ  sane_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  uncuckolded_JJ  ,_,  unrobbed_JJ  ,_,  sheltered_VBN  from_IO  disease_NN  and_CC  accident_NN  by_IO  doctors_NNS  ,_,  God_NP  and_CC  the_AT1  municipality_NN  .  
  yet_RR  ,_,  at_IO  any_DD  time_NN  now_RL  ,_,  the_AT1  bell_NN  would_VM  ring_VV0  for_IO  them_PPHO1    the_AT1  gilded_JJ  love_NN  house_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  mad_JJ  grandmother_NN  or_CC  the_AT1  bloody_JJ  child_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  crossroads_NN  .  
  Mart_NP  ,_,  too_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  sucked_VBN  into_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  ,_,  not_XX  because_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  immune_JJ  from_IO  horror_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  because_CS  for_IO  her_PPHO1  the_AT1  world_NN  was_VBDZ  always_RR  ending_VBG  ,_,  except_CS  in_IO  bed_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  joined_VVD  her_PPHO1  .  
  far_RR  out_RP  at_IO  sea_NN  we_PPIS2  could_VM  see_VV0  a_AT1  circular_JJ  rubber_NN  object_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  body_NN  on_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  body_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  colour_NN  of_IO  rotten_JJ  marble_NN  .  
    it_PPH1  's_VBZ  a_AT1  woman_NN  ,_,    said_VVD  Mart_NP  .  
  a_AT1  boat_NN  was_VBDZ  approaching_VBG  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  someone_PN1  in_IO  oilskins_NNS  leant_VVD  over_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  and_CC  fell_VVD  in_RP  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  accidental_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  nobody_PN1  in_IO  the_AT1  crowd_NN  made_VVD  a_AT1  sound_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  as_CS  if_CS  the_AT1  visible_JJ  world_NN  were_VBDR  an_AT1  infamous_JJ  church_NN  .  
  then_RL  two_MC  men_NNS  grappled_VVD  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  marble_NN  body_NN  and_CC  slowly_RR  dragged_VVD  it_PPH1  up_RP  on_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  boat_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  growing_VBG  cold_JJ  .  
  we_PPIS2  left_VVD  the_AT1  crowd_NN  and_CC  drove_VVD  back_RP  to_IO  Vence_NP  .  
  the_AT1  cool_JJ  evening_NN  perfumes_NNS  stood_VVD  beckoning_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  corners_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  roads_NNS  .  
  Mart_NP  is_VBZ  unable_JJ  to_TO  smell_VV0  (_(  her_APP$  sense_NN  organs_NNS  were_VBDR  impaired_VBN  years_NNS  ago_RR  )_)  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  explain_VV0  the_AT1  low_JJ  ,_,  sharp_JJ  and_CC  sweet_JJ  signals_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  air_NN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  got_VVD  back_RP  home_NN1  we_PPIS2  felt_VVD  exhausted_JJ  .  
  London_NP  sickness_NN  (_(  a_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  guilt_NN  ,_,  mingled_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  memory_NN  of_IO  sandwiches_NNS  and_CC  incestuous_JJ  Soho_NP  pubs_NNS  )_)  still_RR  numbed_VVD  our_APP$  brains_NNS  and_CC  bodies_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  straight_RR  to_IO  bed_NN  and_CC  slept_VVD  until_CS  the_AT1  turtle-doves_NNS  drummed_VVD  up_RP  the_AT1  sun_NN  .  
  the_AT1  next_DA  morning_NN  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  square_NN  opposite_IO  Pierre's_PPIO2  ,_,  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  about_IO  the_AT1  Nice_NP  beach_NN  catastrophe_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  patriote_&FW  .  
  Mart_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  right_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  body_NN  had_VHD  been_VBN  a_AT1  woman's_NN1$  .  
  it_PPH1  belonged_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  Madame_NNSB1  \0N_NP  .  
  enquiries_NNS  had_VHD  been_VBN  made_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  neighbourhood_NN  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  transpired_VVD  that_CS  Madame_NNSB1  \0N's_PPIO2  husband_NN  had_VHD  made_VBN  an_AT1  arrangement_NN  with_IO  the_AT1  dead_JJ  lady's_NN1$  sister_NN  to_TO  launch_VV0  her_PPHO1  into_IO  the_AT1  strong_JJ  sea_NN  and_CC  there_RL  be_VB0  left_VBN  to_TO  perish_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  sister_NN  ,_,  able_JJ  to_TO  swim_VV0  ,_,  had_VHD  returned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  shore_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  instead_RR  of_IO  returning_VBG  to_IO  her_APP$  brother-in-law_NN  (_(  with_IO  whom_WPO  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  an_AT1  illicit_JJ  relationship_NN  )_)  ,_,  she_PPHO1  went_VVD  to_IO  her_APP$  fiance*?2's_NN1$  house_NN  and_CC  confessed_VVD  everything_PN1  .  
  her_APP$  fiance*?2_NN  reported_VVD  her_PPHO1  to_IO  the_AT1  police_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  then_RL  jumped_VVD  off_IO  a_AT1  cliff_NN  near_IO  Monte_NP  Carlo_NP  .  
  homage_NN  for_IO  Isaac_NP  Babel_NP  .  
  Doris_NP  Lessing_NP  .  
  the_AT1  day_NN  I_PPIS1  promised_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  Catherine_NP  down_RP  to_TO  visit_VV0  my_APP$  young_JJ  friend_NN  Philip_NP  at_IO  his_APP$  school_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  leave_VV0  at_IO  eleven_MC  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  at_IO  nine_MC  .  
  her_APP$  blue_JJ  dress_NN  was_VBDZ  new_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  so_PN1  were_VBDR  her_APP$  fashionable_JJ  shoes_NNS  .  
  her_APP$  hair_NN  had_VHD  just_RR  been_VBN  done_VBN  .  
  she_PPHO1  looked_VVD  more_RRR  than_CS  ever_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  pink_JJ  and_CC  gold_JJ  Renoir_NP  girl_NN  who_PNQS expects_VBZ  everything_PN1  from_IO  life_NN  .  
  Catherine_NP  lives_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  white_JJ  house_NN  overlooking_VBG  the_AT1  sweeping_JJ  brown_JJ  tides_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  river_NN  .  
  she_PPHO1  helped_VVD  me_PPIO1  clean_VV0  up_RP  my_APP$  flat_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  devotion_NN  which_DDQ  said_VVD  that_CS  she_PPHO1  felt_VVD  small_JJ  flats_NNS  were_VBDR  altogether_RR  more_RG  romantic_JJ  than_IO  large_JJ  houses_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  drank_VVD  tea_NN  ,_,  and_CC  talked_VVD  mainly_RR  about_IO  Philip_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS ,_,  being_VBG  15_MC  ,_,  has_VHZ  pure_JJ  stern_JJ  tastes_NNS  in_IO  everything_PN1  from_IO  food_NN  to_IO  music_NN  .  
  Catherine_NP  looked_VVD  at_IO  the_AT1  books_NNS  lying_VBG  around_IO  his_APP$  room_NN  ,_,  and_CC  asked_VVD  if_CS  she_PPHO1  might_VM  borrow_VV0  the_AT1  stories_NNS  of_IO  Isaac_NP  Babel_NP  to_TO  read_VV0  on_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  .  
  Catherine_NP  is_VBZ  13_MC  .  
  I_PPIS1  suggested_VVD  she_PPHO1  might_VM  find_VV0  them_PPHO1  difficult_JJ  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  
    Philip_NP  reads_VBZ  them_PPHO1  ,_,  does_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .    
  during_IO  the_AT1  journey_NN  I_PPIS1  read_VVD  newspapers_NNS  and_CC  watched_VVD  her_APP$  pretty_JJ  frowning_JJ  face_NN  as_CS  she_PPHO1  turned_VVD  the_AT1  pages_NNS  of_IO  Babel_NP  ,_,  for_CS  she_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  determined_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  nothing_PN1  get_VV0  between_IO  her_PPHO1  and_CC  her_APP$  ambition_NN  to_TO  be_VB0  worthy_JJ  of_IO  Philip_NP  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  is_VBZ  charming_JJ  ,_,  civilised_JJ  and_CC  expensive_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  two_MC  children_NNS  walked_VVD  together_RR  across_IO  green_JJ  fields_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  followed_VVD  ,_,  seeing_VBG  how_CS the_AT1  sun_NN  gilded_VVD  their_APP$  bright_JJ  friendly_JJ  heads_NNS  turned_VBN  towards_IO  each_PPX2  other_PPX2  as_CS  they_PPHS2  talked_VVD  .  
  in_IO  Catherine's_PPIO2  left_JJ  hand_NN  she_PPHO1  carried_VVD  the_AT1  stories_NNS  of_IO  Isaac_NP  Babel_NP  .  
  after_IO  lunch_NN  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  .  
  Philip_NP  allowed_VVD  it_PPH1  to_TO  be_VB0  seen_VBN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  thought_VVD  going_VBG  to_IO  the_AT1  pictures_NNS  just_RR  for_IO  the_AT1  fun_NN  of_IO  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  worthy_JJ  of_IO  intelligent_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  made_VVD  the_AT1  concession_NN  ,_,  for_IO  our_APP$  sakes_NNS  .  
  for_IO  his_APP$  sake_NN  we_PPIS2  chose_VVD  the_AT1  more_RG  serious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  films_NNS  that_PNQS were_VBDR  showing_VBG  in_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  town_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  about_IO  a_AT1  good_JJ  priest_NN  who_PNQS helped_VVD  criminals_NNS  in_IO  New_NP  York_NP  .  
  his_APP$  goodness_NN  ,_,  however_RR  ,_,  was_VBDZ  not_XX  enough_DD  to_TO  prevent_VV0  one_MC1  of_IO  them_PPHO1  from_IO  being_VBG  sent_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  gas_NN  chamber_NN  ;_;  and_CC  Philip_NP  and_CC  I_PPIS1  waited_VVD  with_IO  Catherine_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  until_CS  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  stopped_VBN  crying_VBG  and_CC  could_VM  face_VV0  the_AT1  light_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  golden_JJ  evening_NN  .  
  at_IO  the_AT1  entrance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cinema_NN  the_AT1  doorman_NN  was_VBDZ  lying_VBG  in_IO  wait_NN  for_IO  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS had_VHD  red_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  grasping_VBG  Catherine_NP  by_IO  her_APP$  suffering_JJ  arm_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  bitterly_RR  :_:  
    yes_UH  ,_,  why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  crying_VBG  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  punished_VBN  for_IO  his_APP$  crime_NN  ,_,  did_VDD  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  .    
  Catherine_NP  stared_VVD  at_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  incredulous_JJ  .  
  Philip_NP  rescued_VVD  her_PPHO1  by_IO  saying_VBG  with_IO  disdain_NN  :_:  
    some_DD  people_NNS  do_VD0  n't_XX  know_VV0  right_NN  from_IO  wrong_NN  even_RR  when_CS it_PPH1  s_VBZ  demonstrated_VBN  to_IO  them_PPHO1  .    
  the_AT1  doorman_NN  turned_VVD  his_APP$  attention_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  next_DA  red-eyed_JJ  emerger_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  dark_NN  ;_;  and_CC  we_PPIS2  went_VVD  on_RP  together_RR  to_IO  the_AT1  station_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  children_NNS  silent_JJ  because_IO  of_II  the_AT1  cruelty_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  .  
  finally_RR  Catherine_NP  said_VVD  ,_,  her_APP$  eyes_NNS  wet_JJ  again_RR  :_:  
    I_PPIS1  think_VV0  it_PPH1  s_VBZ  all_DB  absolutely_RR  beastly_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  can_VM  n't_XX  bear_VV0  to_TO  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .    
  and_CC  Philip_NP  said_VVD  :_:  
    but_CCB  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  got_VBN  to_TO  think_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  ,_,  because_CS  if_CS  we_PPIS2  do_VD0  n't_XX  it_PPH1  'll_VM  just_RR  go_VV0  on_RP  and_CC  on_RP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  see_VV0  .    
  in_IO  the_AT1  train_NN  going_VBG  back_RP  to_IO  London_NP  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  beside_IO  Catherine_NP  .  
  she_PPHO1  had_VHD  the_AT1  stories_NNS  open_JJ  in_IO  front_II  of_II  her_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  said_VVD  :_:  
    Philip_NP  's_VBZ  awfully_RG  lucky_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  wish_VV0  I_PPIS1  went_VVD  to_IO  that_DD1  school_NN  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  notice_VV0  that_DD1  girl_NN  who_PNQS said_VVD  hullo_NN  to_IO  him_PPHO1  in_IO  the_AT1  garden_NN  .  **"_**'  
  stopping_VBG  and_CC  mowing_VBG  .  
  (_(  instructions_NNS  that_PNQS should_VM  have_VH0  come_VBN  with_IO  my_APP$  motor_NN  mower_NN  )_)  .  
  we_PPIS2  welcome_VV0  you_PPY  to_IO  the_AT1  ranks_NNS  of_IO  satisfied_JJ  owners_NNS  of_IO  motor_NN  mowers_NNS  .  
  well_UH  ,_,    ranks_NC2    is_VBZ  hardly_RR  the_AT1  word_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  're_VBR  an_AT1  officer_NN  now_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  got_VBN  one_MC1  of_IO  these_DD2  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  ha_UH  ha_UH  !_!  
  just_RR  because_CS  your_APP$  lawn_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  bigger_JJ  than_IO  the_AT1  average_JJ  suburban_JJ  size_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  see_VV0  yourself_PPX1  gently_RR  ambling_VBG  behind_IO  this_DD1  thing_NN  ,_,  painting_VBG  a_AT1  swathe_NN  of_IO  perfect_JJ  greensward_NN  as_CS  you_PPY  go_VV0  .  .  
  who_PNQS  do_VD0  you_PPY  think_VV0  you_PPY  are_VBR  .  
  this_DD1  is_VBZ  the_AT1  cheapest_JJT  model_NN  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  ,_,  all_DB  gaudily_RR  painted_VBN  to_TO  attract_VV0  people_NNS  like_IO  you_PPY  .  
  you_PPY  must_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  proper_JJ  lawns_NNS  ,_,  belonging_VBG  to_IO  stately_JJ  homes_NN2  or_CC  golf_NN  clubs_NNS  ,_,  are_VBR  made_VBN  with_IO  proper_JJ  ,_,  dark_JJ  green_JJ  mowers_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  the_AT1  man_NN  sits_VBZ  on_IO  in_IO  a_AT1  shiny_JJ  steel_NN  saddle_NN  ;_;  old_JJ  mowers_NNS  ,_,  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  made_VVD  fifty_MC  years_NNS  ago_RR  ,_,  efficient_JJ  ,_,  heavy_JJ  ,_,  inherited_VBN  by_IO  their_APP$  owners_NNS  ,_,  long_RR  before_CS  these_DD2  modern_JJ  notions_NNS  of_IO  egalitarianism_NN  and_CC  an_AT1  expanding_JJ  economy_NN  compelled_VVD  us_PPIO2   to_TO  turn_VV0  out_RP  these_DD2  fiddling_JJ  little_JJ  things_NNS  for_IO  people_NNS  like_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  to_TO  keep_VV0  our_APP$  factory_NN  going_VBG  in_IO  off_JB  periods_NNS  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  are_VBR  not_XX  servicing_VBG  these_DD2  proper_JJ  ,_,  old_JJ  mowers_NNS  for_IO  our_APP$  titled_JJ  clients_NNS  .  
  however_RR  ,_,  since_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  bought_VBN  it_PPH1  ,_,  and_CC  much_DA  good_NN  may_VM  it_PPH1  do_VD0  you_PPY  ,_,  here_RL  are_VBR  a_DA  few_DA  hints_NNS  .  
  starting_VBG  (_(  a_ZZ1  )_)  from_IO  cold_JJ  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  take_VV0  the_AT1  plug_NN  out_RP  .  
  watch_VV0  that_DD1  little_JJ  tin_NN  thing_NN  sticking_VBG  up_RP  ;_;  it_PPH1  catches_VBZ  your_APP$  knuckles_NNS  when_CS the_AT1  spanner_NN  suddenly_RR  gives_VBZ  .  
  we_PPIS2  've_VH0  given_VBN  you_PPY  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  spanners_NNS  ,_,  made_VBN  of_IO  lead_NN  .  
  2_MC  .  
  clean_VV0  the_AT1  plug_NN  ,_,  if_CS  possible_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  will_VM  be_VB0  smothered_VBN  in_IO  oil_NN  ,_,  because_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  put_VV0  the_AT1  oil_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  petrol_NN  ;_;  there_EX  is_VBZ  no_AT1  separate_JJ  lubrication_NN  system_NN  .  
  you_PPY  probably_RR  think_VV0  the_AT1  oil_NN  is_VBZ  ignited_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  petrol_NN  vapour_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  cylinder_NN  ,_,  so_RR  how_CS can_VM  you_PPY  lubricate_VV0  an_AT1  engine_NN  with_IO  smoke_NN  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  see_VV0  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  ignited_VBN  .  
  it_PPH1  just_RR  wets_VBZ  the_AT1  plug_NN  .  
  3_MC  .  
  undo_VV0  the_AT1  nut_NN  at_IO  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cylinder_NN  ,_,  and_CC  a_AT1  lot_NN  more_DA  oil_NN  will_VM  dribble_VV0  out_RP    well_UH  ,_,  you_PPY  should_VM  n't_XX  have_VH0  it_PPH1  on_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  yet_RR  .  
  put_VV0  the_AT1  nut_NN  back_RP    steady_RR  ,_,  not_XX  too_RG  tight_JJ  ,_,  the_AT1  bottom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cylinder_NN  is_VBZ  made_VBN  of_IO  lead_NN  ,_,  too_RR  .  
  well_UH  ,_,  now_CS  you_PPY  've_VH0  broken_VBN  the_AT1  thread_NN  ,_,  just_RR  make_VV0  it_PPH1  as_RG  tight_JJ  as_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  .  
  3a_MC  .  
  you_PPY  've_VH0  left_VBN  the_AT1  washer_NN  off_IO  that_DD1  nut_NN  .  
  that_DD1  's_VBZ  why_CS you_PPY  broke_VVD  the_AT1  thread_NN  .  
  no_AT1  garage_NN  will_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  washer_NN  that_DD1  size_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  'd_VHD  better_RRR  start_VV0  looking_VBG  for_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  .  
  4_MC  .  
  put_VV0  plug_NN  back_RP  ,_,  and_CC  watch_VV0  out_RP  for_IO  your_APP$  other_DA  knuckles_NNS  .  
  aah_UH  ,_,  sorry_JJ  !_!  
  the_AT1  same_DA  knuckles_NNS  .  
  not_XX  too_RG  tight_JJ  ,_,  you_PPY  will_VM  n't_XX  get_VV0  away_RP  with_IO  doing_VBG  this_DD1  just_RR  once_RR  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  only_RR  make_VV0  it_PPH1  hard_JJ  to_TO  undo_VV0  again_RR  .  
  5_MC  .  
  kick_VV0  starter_NN  (_(  or_CC  pull_VV0  rope_NN  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  those_DD2  )_)  .  
  again_RR  .  
  full_JJ  choke_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  again_RR  ,_,  again_RR  .  
  full_JJ  throttle_NN  .  
  again_RR  twenty-seven_MC  times_NNS  ,_,  with_IO  every_AT1  possible_JJ  combination_NN  of_IO  throttle_NN  and_CC  choke_NN  .  
  again_RR  ,_,  with_IO  half_DB  thrott_NN    
  6_MC  .  
  switch_VV0  the_AT1  petrol_NN  on_RP  ,_,  you_PPY  fool_NN  .  
  7_MC  .  
  repeat_VV0  (_(  5_MC  )_)  .  
  then_RL  repeat_VV0  (_(  1-4_MC-MC  )_)  ,_,  plug_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  wetter_JJ  than_CS  when_CS you_PPY  started_VVD  by_IO  now_RL  .  
  8_MC  .  
  repeat_VV0  (_(  5_MC  )_)  again_RR  .  
  go_VV0  and_CC  lie_VV0  down_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  .  
  9_MC  .  
  run_VV0  like_IO  hell_NN  with_IO  it_PPH1  in_IO  gear_NN  .  
  starting_VBG  (_(  b_ZZ1  )_)  from_IO  hot_JJ  :_:  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  impossible_JJ  to_TO  start_VV0  this_DD1  engine_NN  from_IO  hot_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  something_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  that_DD1  oil_NN  vapour_NN  .  
  once_CS  you_PPY  let_VV0  it_PPH1  stop_VV0  ,_,  you_PPY  've_VH0  had_VHN  it_PPH1  ,_,  you_PPY  'll_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  wait_VV0  for_IO  it_PPH1  to_TO  get_VV0  stone-cold_JJ  and_CC  start_VV0  from_IO  the_AT1  beginning_NN  .  
  just_RR  do_VD0  n't_XX  leave_VV0  it_PPH1  for_IO  a_AT1  second_NN  ,_,  and_CC  keep_VV0  it_PPH1  roaring_VBG  .  
  adjustment_NN  of_IO  blades_NNS  :_:  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  hairbreadth_NN  adjustment_NN  on_IO  this_DD1  machine_NN  ,_,  between_IO  the_AT1  position_NN  where_CS it_PPH1  just_RR  brushes_VBZ  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  grass_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  one_MC1  where_CS it_PPH1  digs_VBZ  great_JJ  gashes_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  practice_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  new_JJ  electric_JJ  light_NN  switch_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  can_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  position_NN  where_CS the_AT1  light_NN  just_RR  flickers_VBZ  between_IO    on_NC2    and_CC    off_NC2    you_PPY  'll_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  wangle_VV0  these_DD2  blades_NNS  .  
  remember_VV0  that_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  finely_RR  ,_,  not_XX  to_TO  say_VV0  neurotically_RR  adjusted_VBN  .  
  quite_DA  a_AT1  small_JJ  pebble_NN  will_VM  wrench_VV0  the_AT1  blades_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  shape_NN  .  
  you_PPY  will_VM  know_VV0  when_CS this_DD1  has_VHZ  happened_VBN  when_CS they_PPHS2  either_LE  make_VV0  a_AT1  frightful_JJ  clanging_JJ  noise_NN  or_CC  will_VM  n't_XX  go_VV0  round_RP  at_IO  all_DB  .  
  the_AT1  people_NNS  for_IO  whom_WPO  we_PPIS2  make_VV0  our_APP$  proper_JJ  mowers_NNS  do_VD0  not_XX  have_VH0  pebbles_NNS  on_IO  their_APP$  lawns_NNS  ,_,  let_VV0  alone_JJ  the_AT1  small_JJ  metal_NN  fire_NN  engines_NNS  ,_,  dolls'_NN2  boots_NNS  ,_,  plastic_NN  alphabets_NNS  ,_,  nails_NNS  and_CC  spoons_NNS  that_PNQS litter_VV0  yours_PP$  .  
  operation_NN  :_:  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  only_RR  possible_JJ  to_TO  operate_VV0  this_DD1  machine_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  steady_JJ  trot_NN  .  
  at_IO  ordinary_JJ  walking_NN  pace_NN  it_PPH1  will_VM  stall_VV0  .  
  and_CC  remember_VV0  ,_,  the_AT1  clutch_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  a_AT1  gradual_JJ  affair_NN  like_IO  the_AT1  one_MC1  on_IO  a_AT1  car_NN  .  
  the_AT1  instant_NN  you_PPY  engage_VV0  it_PPH1  the_AT1  machine_NN  will_VM  rush_VV0  away_RP  ,_,  with_IO  or_CC  without_IO  you_PPY  .  
  so_RR  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no_AT1  good_JJ  trying_VBG  to_TO  cut_VV0  round_IO  those_DD2  silly_JJ  little_JJ  circular_JJ  rosebeds_NNS  you_PPY  have_VH0  .  
  this_DD1  machine_NN  only_RR  mows_VBZ  in_IO  a_AT1  dead_RR  straight_JJ  line_NN  ,_,  any_DD  curves_NNS  and_CC  you_PPY  'll_VM  dig_VV0  into_IO  the_AT1  earth_NN  .  
  what_DDQ  do_VD0  you_PPY  expect_VV0  for_IO  the_AT1  price_NN  you_PPY  paid_VVD  ,_,  a_AT1  differential_JJ  axle_NN  .  
  maintenance_NN  :_:  
  you_PPY  will_VM  find_VV0  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  little_JJ  contraptions_NNS  with_IO  spring_NN  caps_NNS  ,_,  for_IO  putting_VBG  the_AT1  oil_NN  in_IO  .  
  they_PPHS2  will_VM  n't_XX  leave_VV0  room_NN  for_IO  the_AT1  spout_NN  of_IO  any_DD  oilcan_NN  ,_,  however_CS thin_JJ  ;_;  you_PPY  'll_VM  just_RR  have_VH0  to_TO  squirt_VV0  away_RP  ,_,  making_VBG  an_AT1  oozy_JJ  mess_NN  ,_,  and_CC  hope_VV0  some_DD  of_IO  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  getting_VBG  in_RP  .  
  soon_RR  the_AT1  spring_NN  caps_NNS  will_VM  come_VV0  off_RP  ,_,  anyway_RR  ;_;  then_RL  there_EX  'll_VM  just_RR  be_VB0  these_DD2  little_JJ  holes_NNS  blocked_VBN  with_IO  oily_JJ  grass_NN  .  
  finally_RR  ,_,  three_MC  golden_JJ  rules_NNS  :_:  
  1_MC1  .  
  keep_VV0  a_AT1  magnet_NN  for_IO  finding_VBG  washers_NNS  ,_,  spring_NN  caps_NNS  ,_,  nuts_NNS  ,_,  \0etc_RR  .  
  2_MC  .  
  never_RR  let_VV0  it_PPH1  stop_VV0  .  
  3_MC  .  
  do_VD0  n't_XX  give_VV0  your_APP$  hand-mower_NN  away_RP  .  
  official_JJ  deceiver_NN  .  
  as_CS  any_DD  typist_NN  knows_VBZ  ,_,  the_AT1  typewriter_NN  reveals_VBZ  the_AT1  subconscious_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  machine_NN  age_NN  mainly_RR  by_IO  three_MC  simple_JJ  devices_NNS  (_(  or_CC  decives_NNS  )_)  ;_;  the_AT1  confusion_NN  of_IO  c_ZZ1  with_IO  v_ZZ1  ,_,  of_IO  k_ZZ1  with_IO  l_ZZ1  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  interchange_NN  of_IO  vowels_NNS  (_(  \0e.g_RR  paino_NN  for_IO  piano_NN  )_)  or_CC  vonsonants_NNS  .  
  much_DA  more_DA  linguistic_JJ  research_NN  has_VHZ  been_VBN  devoted_VBN  to_IO  these_DD2  three_MC    major_JJ    substitutions_NNS  than_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  two_MC    minor_JJ    ones_CD1S    the_AT1  appearance_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  figure_NN  8_MC  in_IO  place_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  apostrophe_NN  and_CC  of_IO  m_ZZ1  for_IO  the_AT1  comma_NN  .  
  this_DD1  last_DA  always_RR  seems_VBZ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  like_IO  a_AT1  self-deprecatory_JJ  clearing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  throat_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  rudimentary_JJ  ahem_UH  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  to_TO  suggest_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  man8s_NN1$  thought_NN  is_VBZ  improvisedm_VBN  and_CC  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  taken_VBN  too_RG  seriously_RR  .  
  of_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  words_NNS  thrown_VBN  up_RP  by_IO  my_APP$  typewriter_NN  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  yet_RR  to_TO  see_VV0  one_MC1  more_RG  real_JJ  and_CC  significant_JJ  than_IO  bunkrapt_JJ  .  
  everybody_PN1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  ordinary_JJ  bankruptcy_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  gloomier_JJ  vommentators_NNS  often_RR  speak_VV0  of_IO    the_AT1  bankruptcy_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  civilisation_NN    .  
  now_RL  vivilization_NN  can_VM  never_RR  really_RR  be_VB0  bankrupt_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  very_DA  word_NN  suggests_VBZ  that_CS  vivilized_JJ  man_NN  is_VBZ  vivified_VBN  ,_,  alive_JJ    and_CC  as_RG  long_RR  as_CS  he_PPHO1  8s_VBZ  alice_JJ  there_EX  8s_VBZ  hope_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  mere_JB  defeatism_NN  to_TO  say_VV0  that_CS  our_APP$  vicilization_NN  is_VBZ  bankrupt_JJ  ;_;  but_CCB  once_CS  ,_,  by_IO  means_II  of_II  the_AT1  typewriterm_NN  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  isolated_VBN  this_DD1  voncept_NN  of_IO  bunkraptcy_NN  ,_,  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  like_IO  Bright_NP  and_CC  Hodgkinm_NP  isolating_VBG  and_CC  naming_VBG  those_DD2  diseases_NNS  which_DDQ  bear_VV0  their_APP$  names_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  half-way_JB  ,_,  if_CS  not_XX  to_IO  curing_VBG  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  to_IO  vuring_VBG  it_PPH1  .  
  for_CS  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  bunkraptcy_NN  but_IO  the_AT1  state_NN  of_IO  being_VBG  rapt_JJ  by_IO  bunk_NN  ,_,  entranced_VBN  by_IO  rubbish_NN  ,_,  absorbed_VBN  by_IO  frovilous_JJ  unreality_NN  .  
  a_AT1  bunkrapt_NN  is_VBZ  ,_,  surely_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  man_NN  who_PNQS sits_VBZ  for_IO  hours_NNS  staring_VBG  at_IO  TC_NN  ,_,  or_CC  reading_VBG  newspapers_NNS  filled_VBN  with_IO  gissop_NN  volumns_NNS  retailing_VBG  the_AT1  acticities_NNS  (_(  too_RG  often_RR  extramartial_JJ  )_)  of_IO  worthless_JJ  nenontities_NNS  such_IO  as_II  acrots_NNS  and_CC  catresses_NNS  ,_,  film_NN  srats_NNS  and_CC  coroners_NNS  .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  an_AT1  invurable_JJ  fricolity_NN  about_IO  a_AT1  bunkrapt_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  refusal_NN  to_TO  face_VV0  up_RP  to_IO  reality_NN  ;_;  the_AT1  full_JJ  stature_NN  of_IO  man_NN  is_VBZ  diminished_VBN  in_IO  him_PPHO1  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  no_AT1  good_JJ  pretending_VBG  the_AT1  world_NN  is_VBZ  n8t_XX  real_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  only_RR  too_RG  lear_JJ  .  
  but_CCB  in_IO  our_APP$  vicilization_NN  any_DD  man_NN  who_PNQS faves_VBZ  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  real_JJ  world_NN  is_VBZ  pat_JJ  to_TO  be_VB0  dubbed_VBN    square_JJ    .  
  there_EX  is_VBZ  real_JJ  danger_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  civilization_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  wets_NNS  here_RL  .  
  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  no_AT1  good_JJ  simply_RR  sneering_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  Russians_NP2  for_IO  being_VBG    puranitical_JJ    when_CS actually_RR  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  simply_RR  more_RG  teun_JJ  with_IO  the_AT1  lear_JJ  facts_NNS  of_IO  life_NN  than_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  .  
  unless_CS  we_PPIS2  pukk_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  socks_NNS  the_AT1  Russiansm_NP2  the_AT1    squares_NNS    ,_,  will_VM  have_VH0  the_AT1  kast_DA  kaugh_NN  ;_;  and_CC  very_RG  unpleasant_JJ  it_PPH1  wikk_VM  sound_VV0  .  
  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  to_TO  be_VB0  done_VBN  ,_,  then_RL  .  
  I_PPIS1  would_VM  suggest_VV0  ,_,  now_RL  we_PPIS2  have_VH0  found_VBN  the_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  what_DDQ  is_VBZ  wrong_JJ  with_IO  us_PPIO2   ,_,  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  way_NN  out_RP  without_IO  being_VBG  purinatical_JJ  or_CC    quares_JJ    .  
  why_CS do_VD0  we_PPIS2  not_XX  treat_VV0  bunkraptcy_NN  precisely_RR  as_CS  we_PPIS2  treat_VV0  bankruptcy_NN  .  
  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   have_VH0  a_AT1  bunkraptcy_NN  Vourt_NNL1  ,_,  before_IO  which_DDQ  persons_NNS  who_PNQS had_VHD  gone_VBN  bunkrapt_JJ  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  appear_VV0  .  
  but_CCB  the_AT1  proceedings_NNS  would_VM  be_VB0  medical_JJ  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  legal_JJ  .  
  bunkraptcy_NN  is_VBZ  a_AT1  disease_NN  as_CC  well_CC  as_CC  a_AT1  crime_NN  ,_,  and_CC  would_VM  have_VH0  to_TO  be_VB0  treated_VBN  partly_RR  as_CS  crime_NN  was_VBDZ  terated_VBN  in_IO  Samuel_NP  Butler's_PPIO2  nowhere_RR    \0i.e_RR  medivally_RR  .  
  it_PPH1  should_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  difficult_JJ  to_TO  work_VV0  out_RP  a_AT1  set_NN  of_IO  standard_JJ  tests_NNS  for_IO  determining_VBG  a_AT1  man's_NN1$  reality_NN  quotient_NN  (_(  \0RQ_NP  )_)  ,_,  analogous_JJ  to_IO  the_AT1  \0IQ_NN  tests_NNS  .  
  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  many_DA  psychoolgists_NNS  spend_VV0  their_APP$  whole_JJ  lives_NNS  working_VBG  out_RP  tests_NNS  named_VBN  after_IO  themselves_PPX2  .  
  the_AT1  tests_NNS  should_VM  take_VV0  into_IO  account_NN  a_AT1  man8s_NN1$  whole_JJ  being_NN  ,_,  not_XX  just_RR  his_APP$  tastes_NNS  in_IO  entertainment_NN  .  
  a_AT1  baker_NN  ,_,  let_VV0  us_PPIO2   saym_VV0  would_VM  score_VV0  so_RG  many_DA  points_NNS  for_IO  doing_VBG  a_AT1  real_JJ  job_NN  that_CS  for_IO  him_PPHO1  to_TO  read_VV0  or_CC  view_VV0  bunk_NN  would_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  nearly_RR  so_RG  serious_JJ  as_CS  for_IO  a_AT1  stockbroker_NN  ,_,  engaged_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  job_NN  that_PNQS is_VBZ  fundamentally_RR  unlear_JJ  ,_,  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  making_VBG  or_CC  fashioning_VBG  anything_PN1  except_IO  money_NN  .  
  a_AT1  stockbroker_NN  would_VM  lose_VV0  heavily_RR  for_IO  reading_VBG  fricolous_JJ  newspapers_NNS  .  
  anyone_PN1  with_IO  children_NNS  reasonably_RR  well_RR  brought_VBN  up_RP  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  head_NN  start_NN  .  
  but_CCB  a_AT1  serious_JJ  person_NN  who_PNQS read_VVD  no_AT1  bunk_NN  at_IO  all_DB  would_VM  n8t_XX  come_VV0  off_RP  too_RG  well_RR  ;_;  the_AT1  thing_NN  is_VBZ  not_XX  to_TO  be_VB0  rapt_JJ  by_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  legal_JJ  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  bunkraptcy_NN  Vourt_NNL1  would_VM  consist_VV0  in_IO  the_AT1  fact_NN  that_CS  a_AT1  person_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  \0RQ_NP  below_IO  the_AT1  statuotry_JJ  mimunim_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  registered_VBN  as_IO  an_AT1  induscharged_JJ  bunkrapt_NN  ,_,  not_XX  allowed_VBN  to_TO  take_VV0  any_DD  part_NN  in_IO  public_JJ  life_NN  until_CS  ,_,  after_IO  attendance_NN  at_IO  a_AT1  herabilitation_NN  Centre_NP  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  upgraded_VBN  his_APP$  \0RQ_NP  .  
  some_DD  may_VM  think_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  would_VM  be_VB0  starting_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  end_NN  ,_,  that_CS  personal_JJ  bunkraptcy_NN  is_VBZ  an_AT1  inevitable_JJ  ,_,  unblameable_JJ  response_NN  to_IO  living_VBG  in_IO  an_AT1  over-complex_JJ  ,_,  fractured_JJ  society_NN  in_IO  which_DDQ  even_RR  the_AT1  creative_JJ  ratists_NNS  who_PNQS set_VV0  the_AT1  tone_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  cicikization_NN  are_VBR  no_RR  longer_RRR  all-round_JB  totally_RR  real_JJ  men_NNS  like_IO  Shakespeare_NP  ;_;  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  men_NNS  who_PNQS exclusively_RR  ,_,  intensely_RR  mebody_VV0  one_MC1  snigle_JJ  facet_NN  of_IO  life_NN  ,_,  such_IO  as_II  dismebodied_JJ  intellect_NN  (_(  Shaw_NP  )_)  ,_,  misonygy_NN  (_(  Stringberd_NP  )_)  ,_,  historical_JJ  pattern_NN  (_(  Tonybee_NP  )_)  ,_,  sexaul_JJ  feredom_NN  (_(  Lawrence_NP  .  
  only_RR  a_AT1  bunkrapt_JJ  vicilization_NN  could_VM  have_VH0  made_VBN  such_DA  an_AT1  extraordinary_JJ  cause_NN  ve*?3lebre_JJ  of_IO  Lady_NNSB1  Chattelrey's_PPIO2  lover_NN  )_)  .  
  this_DD1  may_VM  be_VB0  so_PN1  .  
  but_CCB  if_CS  writers_NNS  hace_VH0  changed_VBN  the_AT1  worldm_NN  may_VM  not_XX  typewriters_NNS  change_VV0  it_PPH1  also_RR  .  
  m_UH  .  
  the_AT1  obliviscents_NNS  .  
  how_CS curious_JJ  England_NP  will_VM  be_VB0  in_IO  fifty_MC  years'_NN2  time_NN  ,_,  when_CS every_AT1  fair-sized_JJ  town_NN  has_VHZ  a_AT1  university_NN  ,_,  doubtless_RR  interconnected_VBN  by_IO  motorways_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  everyone_PN1  under_IO  twenty-five_MC  is_VBZ  a_AT1  student_NN  ,_,  belonging_VBG  to_IO  that_DD1  union_NN  (_(  ideally_RR  the_AT1  motorways_NNS  would_VM  have_VH0  a_AT1  special_JJ  lane_NN  for_IO  dons_NNS    a_AT1  tutorway_NN    so_TO  as_TO"  to_TO"  make_VV0  these_DD2  increasingly_RR  scarce_JJ  men_NNS  rapidly_RR  available_JJ  to_IO  several_DA  universities_NNS  )_)  .  
  people_NNS  like_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  who_PNQS spend_VV0  their_APP$  whole_JJ  lives_NNS  trying_VBG  not_XX  merely_RR  to_TO  keep_VV0  the_AT1  facts_NNS  within_IO  a_AT1  subject_NN  separate_JJ  (_(  answer_VV0  quickly_RR  now_RL  ,_,  what_DDQ  are_VBR  a_AT1  full_JJ  cadence_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  half-cadence_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  plagal_JJ  cadence_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  false_JJ  cadence_NN  .  )_)  but_CCB  to_TO  prevent_VV0  the_AT1  subjects_NNS  themselves_PPX2  from_IO  merging_VBG  into_IO  a_AT1  comfortable_JJ  academic_JJ  dreamland_NN  ,_,  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  actual_JJ  life_NN  ,_,  will_VM  be_VB0  even_RR  worse_RRR  off_RP  than_CS  we_PPIS2  are_VBR  now_RL  .  
  how_CS shall_VM  we_PPIS2  possibly_RR  hold_VV0  up_RP  our_APP$  heads_NNS  among_IO  all_DB  these_DD2  students_NNS  ,_,  on_IO  whom_WPO  these_DD2  universities_NNS  will_VM  have_VH0  acted_VBN  like_IO  hypo_NN  ,_,  fixing_VBG  for_RR  ever_RR  the_AT1  clear_JJ  photographic_JJ  images_NNS  ,_,  bright_JJ  ,_,  separate_JJ  ,_,  distinct_JJ  ,_,  that_PNQS we_PPIS2  all_DB  had_VHD  at_IO  the_AT1  height_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  powers_NNS  ,_,  when_CS we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  sixteen_MC  .  
  (_(  hypo_NN  what_DDQ  .  
  hypochloride_NN  .  
  hyposulphate_NN  .  
  hypocrite_NN  .  
  you_PPY  see_VV0  what_DDQ  I_PPIS1  mean_VV0  .  )_)  
  there_EX  ought_VM  to_TO  be_VB0  a_AT1  word_NN  for_IO  us_PPIO2   :_:  obliviscents_NNS  ,_,  people_NNS  who_PNQS forget_VV0  .  
  of_RR  course_RR  ,_,  everyone_PN1  forgets_VBZ  ;_;  but_CCB  obliviscents_NNS  are_VBR  people_NNS  who_PNQS try_VV0  not_XX  to_TO  ,_,  who_PNQS worry_VV0  about_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  the_AT1  other_DA  day_NN  the_AT1  word_NN  Mardonius_NC2  popped_VVD  into_IO  my_APP$  head_NN  from_IO  nowhere_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  could_VM  n't_XX  for_IO  the_AT1  life_NN  of_IO  me_PPIO1  remember_VV0  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  Greek_JJ  or_CC  Persian_JJ  ,_,  although_CS  I_PPIS1  could_VM  remember_VV0  writing_VBG  an_AT1  essay_NN  about_IO  him_PPHO1  at_IO  school_NN  .  
  but_CCB  surely_RR  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  n't_XX  all_DB  or_CC  nothing_PN1  ,_,  must_VM  we_PPIS2  admit_VV0  that_CS  all_DB  that_DD1  effort_NN  is_VBZ  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  never_RR  been_VBN  .  
  was_VBDZ  it_PPH1  not_XX  something_PN1  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  ,_,  to_TO  know_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  \0B.C_RR  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  Roman_NN1  .  
  so_RR  I_PPIS1  clung_VVD  to_IO  this_DD1  shadowy_JJ  Mardonius_NP  ,_,  simultaneously_RR  a_AT1  hard_JJ  ,_,  noble_JJ  Greek_JJ  soldier_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  soft_JJ  ,_,  curling-lipped_JJ  Persian_JJ  tyrant_NN  ;_;  bearded_JJ  and_CC  clean-shaven_JJ  ;_;  on_IO  both_DB2  sides_NNS  at_RR  once_RR  ,_,  a_AT1  faint_JJ  ghost-Mardonius_NP  in_IO  the_AT1  sky_NN  ;_;  a_AT1  potentiality_NN  ,_,  only_RR  half-real_JJ  .  
  16_MC  .  
  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  .  
  early_RR  in_IO  our_APP$  occupation_NN  of_IO  Pond_NNL1  Cottage_NNL1  ,_,  when_CS it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  yet_RR  scarcely_RR  homely_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  heard_VVD  another_DD1  and_CC  uglier_JJ  noise_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  voices_NNS  of_IO  two_MC  geese_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  to_TO  plague_VV0  us_PPIO2   for_IO  many_DA  a_AT1  month_NN  .  
  looking_VBG  out_RP  of_IO  my_APP$  bedroom_NN  window_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  early_JJ  light_NN  I_PPIS1  observed_VVD  these_DD2  lovely_JJ  birds_NNS  floating_VBG  lightly_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  surface_NN  and_CC  giving_VBG  off_RP  at_IO  intervals_NNS  a_AT1  colourable_JJ  imitation_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  klaxon-horn_NN  .  
  inquiry_NN  revealed_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  property_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  neighbours_NNS  ,_,  whose_PNQV$  custom_NN  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  to_TO  give_VV0  them_PPHO1  the_AT1  freedom_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  at_IO  frequent_JJ  intervals_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  of_IO  the_AT1  kind_NN  called_VBN  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  far_RR  from_RR  inscrutable_JJ  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  vile_JJ  in_IO  temper_NN  ,_,  dreadful_JJ  bullies_NNS  and_CC  cowards_NNS  ,_,  noisy_JJ  in_IO  and_CC  out_RP  of_IO  season_NN  ,_,  and_CC  ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  said_VBN  ,_,  really_RR  beautiful_JJ  .  
  it_PPH1  seemed_VVD  surprising_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  that_CS  so_RG  much_DA  that_PNQS was_VBDZ  objectionable_JJ  should_VM  reside_VV0  in_IO  such_DA  a_AT1  lovely_JJ  source_NN  .  
  an_AT1  inquiry_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  owner_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  calm_JJ  man_NN  who_PNQS seemed_VVD  unmoved_JJ  by_IO  their_APP$  clamour_NN  ,_,  as_CS  parents_NNS  enjoy_VV0  the_AT1  crying_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  revealed_VVD  the_AT1  excellent_JJ  news_NN  that_CS  ,_,  though_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  hoped_VBN  for_IO  better_JJ  things_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  both_DB2  females_NNS  and_CC  unlikely_JJ  on_IO  that_DD1  account_NN  to_TO  produce_VV0  young_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  kind_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  fortunate_JJ  escape_NN  when_CS he_PPHO1  also_RR  added_VVD  that_CS  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  the_AT1  only_DA  two_MC  survivors_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  brood_NN  of_IO  eight_MC  .  
    terribly_RR  delicate_JJ  ,_,  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  ,_,  as_IO  chicks_NNS    ,_,  he_PPHO1  said_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  dare_VM  say_VV0  ,_,  too_RG  much_DA  to_TO  hope_VV0  that_CS  this_DD1  delicacy_NN  would_VM  persist_VV0  into_IO  adult_JJ  life_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  perhaps_RR  evidence_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  unabatable_JJ  vitality_NN  that_CS  during_IO  the_AT1  two_MC  years_NNS  I_PPIS1  knew_VVD  them_PPHO1  they_PPHS2  produced_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  brooded_VVD  upon_IO  ,_,  infertile_JJ  eggs_NNS  of_IO  very_RG  large_JJ  size_NN  in_IO  considerable_JJ  numbers_NNS  ,_,  one_MC1  of_IO  which_DDQ  the_AT1  owner_NN  presented_VVD  to_IO  me_PPIO1    for_IO  my_APP$  breakfast_NN    .  
  now_RL  either_LE  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  live_VV0  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  a_AT1  nearly_RR  impossible_JJ  proposition_NN  ,_,  since_CS  every_AT1  time_NN  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  my_APP$  head_NN  over_IO  the_AT1  hedge_NN  they_PPHS2  produced_VVD  a_AT1  series_NN  of_IO  loud_JJ  metallic_JJ  cries_NNS  ,_,  or_CC  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  get_VV0  rid_VBN  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  actually_RR  the_AT1  latter_DA  was_VBDZ  my_APP$  only_DA  course_NN  since_CS  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  already_RR  decided_VBN  either_LE  to_TO  attack_VV0  or_CC  hoot_VV0  at_IO  all_DB  comers_NNS  .  
  their_APP$  technique_NN  was_VBDZ  to_TO  rush_VV0  at_IO  you_PPY  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  small_JJ  birds_NNS  ,_,  heads_NNS  lowered_VBN  and_CC  outstretched_JJ  ,_,  and_CC  uttering_VBG  their_APP$  offensive_JJ  cries_NNS  so_RG  loudly_RR  that_CS  they_PPHS2  could_VM  be_VB0  (_(  and_CC  in_IO  fact_NN  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  )_)  heard_VBN  a_AT1  mile_NN  off_RP  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  stood_VVD  your_APP$  ground_NN  they_PPHS2  came_VVD  to_IO  a_AT1  stop_NN  and_CC  sidled_VVD  off_RP  in_IO  another_DD1  direction_NN  .  
  how_CS could_VM  I_PPIS1  dispose_VV0  of_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  without_IO  offence_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  owner_NN    who_PNQS ,_,  as_CS  I_PPIS1  say_VV0  ,_,  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  peaceable_JJ  ,_,  decent_JJ  chap_NN    but_CCB  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  also_RR  another_DD1  hurdle_NN  to_TO  jump_VV0  .  
  just_RR  along_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  lived_VVD  a_AT1  local_JJ  animal_NN  lover_NN  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  already_RR  eyed_VBN  me_PPIO1  suspiciously_RR  when_CS I_PPIS1  had_VHD  moved_VBN  on_IO  the_AT1  several_DA  cats_NNS  who_PNQS ,_,  in_IO  various_JJ  degrees_NNS  of_IO  decrepitude_NN  ,_,  were_VBDR  mothered_VBN  by_IO  her_PPHO1  .  
  I_PPIS1  began_VVD  my_APP$  campaign_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  usual_JJ  shooing_NN  process_NN  .  
  this_DD1  merely_RR  amused_VVD  the_AT1  geese_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  appeared_VVD  to_TO  look_VV0  elsewhere_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  until_CS  I_PPIS1  realized_VVD  afresh_RR  ,_,  as_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  to_TO  ,_,  that_CS  all_DB  birds_NNS  look_VV0  at_IO  you_PPY  from_IO  the_AT1  sides_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  heads_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  might_VM  sail_VV0  a_AT1  couple_NN  of_IO  yards_NNS  away_RP  ,_,  drawing_VBG  themselves_PPX2  up_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  highest_JJT  points_NNS  of_IO  their_APP$  dignity_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  they_PPHS2  would_VM  immediately_RR  and_CC  in_IO  unison_NN  ,_,  as_CS  if_CS  from_IO  a_AT1  radio_NN  signal_NN  ,_,  veer_VV0  around_RP  and_CC  make_VV0  back_RP  to_IO  the_AT1  place_NN  from_IO  which_DDQ  their_APP$  manoeuvre_NN  had_VHD  begun_VBN  .  
  arm_NN  waving_NN  produced_VVD  no_AT1  results_NNS  except_CS  to_TO  incite_VV0  them_PPHO1  to_IO  guttural_JJ  grunts_NNS  of_IO  derision_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  must_VM  admit_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  of_IO  many_DA  desperate_JJ  measures_NNS  :_:  of_IO  going_VBG  out_RP  at_IO  night_NN  with_IO  an_AT1  airgun_NN  ;_;  of_IO  throwing_VBG  poisoned_JJ  bread_NN  upon_IO  the_AT1  waters_NNS  (_(  which_DDQ  would_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  useless_JJ  since_CS  ,_,  unlike_IO  moorhens_NNS  ,_,  they_PPHS2  did_VDD  not_XX  take_VV0  to_IO  bread_NN  ,_,  and_CC  appeared_VVD  to_TO  subsist_VV0  on_IO  a_AT1  diet_NN  of_IO  grass_NN  )_)  .  
  my_APP$  alarm_NN  was_VBDZ  increased_VBN  by_IO  my_APP$  reference_NN  to_IO  a_AT1  book_NN  on_IO  pet_NN  keeping_NN  which_DDQ  confirmed_VVD  my_APP$  worst_JJT  fears_NNS  about_IO  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  actually_RR  warned_VVD  pet_NN  keepers_NNS  against_IO  the_AT1  wisdom_NN  of_IO  attempting_VBG  to_TO  keep_VV0  both_DB2  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  and_CC  friendly_JJ  neighbours_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  presented_VVD  the_AT1  book_NN  to_IO  their_APP$  owner_NN  but_CCB  if_CS  he_PPHO1  read_VVD  that_DD1  passage_NN  it_PPH1  did_VDD  not_XX  affect_VV0  his_APP$  behaviour_NN  .  
  in_IO  fairness_NN  to_IO  myself_PPX1  I_PPIS1  must_VM  add_VV0  that_CS  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  no_AT1  wish_NN  to_TO  hurt_VV0  the_AT1  geese_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  to_TO  be_VB0  psychological_JJ  warfare_NN  ,_,  mental_JJ  cruelty_NN  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  that_CS  a_AT1  process_NN  of_IO  steady_JJ  discouragement_NN  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  only_DA  policy_NN  .  
  whenever_CS they_PPHS2  appeared_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  ,_,  and_CC  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  present_JJ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  a_AT1  sprinkle_NN  of_IO  small_JJ  grit_NN  around_IO  them_PPHO1  .  
  at_RR  first_RR  they_PPHS2  exhibited_VVD  no_AT1  emotion_NN  apart_IO  from_II  comical_JJ  surprise_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  persisted_VVD  in_IO  this_DD1  sprinkling_NN  campaign_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  a_AT1  whole_JJ  winter_NN  ,_,  not_XX  without_IO  success_NN  .  
  as_CS  spring_NN  approached_VVD  they_PPHS2  appeared_VVD  less_RRR  and_CC  less_RRR  ,_,  and_CC  indeed_RR  on_IO  seeing_VBG  me_PPIO1  they_PPHS2  would_VM  ,_,  without_IO  undue_JJ  haste_NN  ,_,  turn_VV0  around_RP  and_CC  retreat_VV0  to_IO  whence_CS they_PPHS2  came_VVD  .  
  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  an_AT1  intermittent_JJ  peace_NN  reigned_VVD  on_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  .  
  if_CS  other_DA  terrors_NNS  arising_VBG  from_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  population_NN  came_VVD  and_CC  went_VVD  (_(  as_IO  ,_,  for_IO  instance_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  day_NN  my_APP$  wife_NN  saw_VVD  a_AT1  large_JJ  rat_NN  walk_VV0  slowly_RR  across_IO  our_APP$  bridge_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  front_JB  door_NN  ,_,  or_CC  the_AT1  sudden_JJ  surprise_NN  of_IO  beady_JJ  shrew-eyes_NNS  from_IO  the_AT1  pond's_NN1$  grass_NN  banks_NNS  )_)  ,_,  at_RR  least_RR  we_PPIS2  had_VHD  seemingly_RR  rid_VBN  ourselves_PPX2  ,_,  without_IO  offending_VBG  anyone_PN1  openly_RR  ,_,  of_IO  our_APP$  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  .  
  between_IO  whiles_NNS  a_AT1  charming_JJ  bevy_NN  of_IO  about_RR  a_AT1  dozen_MC  white_JJ  (_(  and_CC  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  silent_JJ  )_)  geese_NNS  occasionally_RR  trooped_VVD  down_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  street_NN  ,_,  fluttered_VVD  and_CC  splashed_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  pond_NN  for_IO  a_AT1  while_NN  and_CC  then_RL  ,_,  in_IO  solemn_JJ  dignified_JJ  file_NN  ,_,  returned_VVD  to_IO  their_APP$  drier_JJ  quarters_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  should_VM  have_VH0  been_VBN  grateful_JJ  to_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,  for_CS  when_CS the_AT1  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  were_VBDR  about_RP  they_PPHS2  had_VHD  no_AT1  difficulty_NN  in_IO  hounding_VBG  off_RP  these_DD2  peaceful_JJ  creatures_NNS  .  
  if_CS  this_DD1  chapter_NN  reads_VBZ  like_IO  a_AT1  successful_JJ  rout_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  sorry_JJ  to_TO  have_VH0  given_VBN  you_PPY  the_AT1  wrong_JJ  impression_NN  .  
  those_DD2  Chinese_JJ  geese_NNS  finally_RR  fooled_VVD  me_PPIO1  and_CC  everyone_PN1  else_RR  .  
  in_IO  May_NN1  ,_,  in_IO  our_APP$  second_MD  Pond_NNL1  Cottage_NNL1  summer_NN  ,_,  these_DD2  two_MC  geese_NNS  returned_VVD  ,_,  and_CC  with_IO  them_PPHO1  ,_,  unaccountably_RR  ,_,  there_EX  shuffled_VVD  to_IO  the_AT1  water's_NN1$  edge_NN  a_AT1  clutch_NN  of_IO  six_MC  chicks_NNS  ,_,  faintly_RR  yet_CF  assuredly_RR  resembling_VBG  their_APP$  parents_NNS  .  
  that_DD1  was_VBDZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  turning_NN  points_NNS  of_IO  my_APP$  life_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  pond-dweller_NN  .  
  17_MC  .  
  parish_NN  pump_NN  .  
  rumour_NN  had_VHD  had_VHN  it_PPH1  for_IO  some_DD  years_NNS  past_RP  that_CS  water_NN    a_AT1  parish_NN  supply_NN  as_CS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  called_VBN    was_VBDZ  on_IO  its_APP$  way_NN  to_IO  Wilborough_NP  .  
  the_AT1  supply_NN  of_IO  water_NN  to_IO  remote_JJ  villages_NNS  and_CC  hamlets_NNS  is_VBZ  one_MC1  of_IO  the_AT1  beneficent_JJ  functions_NNS  performed_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  rather_RR  deplorable_JJ  century_NN  .  
  in_IO  villages_NNS  it_PPH1  marks_VBZ  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  water_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  precious_JJ  liquid_NN  ,_,  to_TO  be_VB0  dispensed_VBN  frugally_RR  ,_,  weighed_VBN  out_RP  drop_NN  by_IO  drop_NN  .  
  living_VBG  at_IO  Pond_NNL1  Cottage_NNL1  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  been_VBN  able_JJ  to_TO  appreciate_VV0  my_APP$  own_DA  ample_JJ  supplies_NNS  while_CS  viewing_VBG  the_AT1  bucket-dipping_JJ  villagers_NNS  from_IO  my_APP$  window_NN  .  
  there_EX  were_VBDR  periods_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  amazed_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  rareness_NN  of_IO  their_APP$  visits_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  spring_NN    yet_RR  it_PPH1  could_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  denied_VBN  that_CS  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  were_VBDR  clean_JJ  people_NNS  ,_,  even_RR  shining_RR  clean_JJ  .  
  those_DD2  who_PNQS had_VHD  lived_VBN  in_IO  the_AT1  heart_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  countryside_NN  will_VM  know_VV0  that_CS  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  sense_NN  of_IO  grubbiness_NN  ,_,  as_IO  opposed_II  to_II  good_JJ  ,_,  clean_JJ  dirt_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  easy_JJ  to_TO  get_VV0  dirty_JJ  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  first_RR  lived_VVD  in_IO  the_AT1  country_NN  my_APP$  wife_NN  worried_VVD  as_IO  to_II  who_PNQS  would_VM  clean_VV0  our_APP$  windows_NNS  .  
  we_PPIS2  searched_VVD  around_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  window-cleaner_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  she_PPHO1  need_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  worried_VBN  .  
  when_CS we_PPIS2  left_VVD  that_DD1  cottage_NN  two_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  the_AT1  windows_NNS  ,_,  though_CS  never_RR  touched_VBN  ,_,  were_VBDR  as_RG  clean_JJ  as_CS  when_CS we_PPIS2  came_VVD  in_RP  .  
  if_CS  the_AT1  country_NN  air_NN  is_VBZ  good_JJ  for_IO  complexions_NNS  and_CC  windows_NNS  it_PPH1  must_VM  also_RR  be_VB0  marvellously_RR  disinfectant_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  amount_NN  of_IO  waste_NN  of_IO  one_MC1  kind_NN  and_CC  another_DD1  that_PNQS has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  destroyed_VBN  or_CC  concealed_VBN  in_IO  any_DD  village_NN  has_VHZ  to_TO  be_VB0  thought_VBN  about_IO  to_TO  be_VB0  believed_VBN  .  
  in_IO  villages_NNS    of_IO  the_AT1  thatched_JJ  variety_NN    it_PPH1  is_VBZ  not_XX  safe_JJ  to_TO  light_VV0  a_AT1  bonfire_NN  to_TO  burn_VV0  rubbish_NN  .  
  in_IO  most_DA  cases_NNS  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  consigned_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  kindly_JJ  ,_,  effacing_JJ  earth_NN  ;_;  in_IO  others_DA2  chickens_NNS  and_CC  birds_NNS  are_VBR  the_AT1  agents_NNS  of_IO  disposal_NN  .  
  where_CS the_AT1  material_NN  is_VBZ  indestructible_JJ  ,_,  well_UH  ,_,  every_AT1  village_NN  has_VHZ  its_APP$  dumping_NN  ground_NN  ,_,  its_APP$  ancient_JJ  pits_NNS    and_CC  now_RL  and_CC  again_RR  ,_,  as_CS  we_PPIS2  know_VV0  ,_,  there_EX  is_VBZ  luckily_RR  a_AT1  pond_NN  or_CC  stream_NN  .  
  one_MC1  day_NN  the_AT1  surveyors_NNS  arrived_VVD  .  
  they_PPHS2  paused_VVD  long_RR  outside_IO  Pond_NNL1  Cottage_NNL1  to_TO  decide_VV0  the_AT1  line_NN  of_IO  pipes_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  they_PPHS2  eyed_VVD  the_AT1  pond_NN  itself_PPX1  with_IO  glances_NNS  made_VBN  up_RP  equally_RR  of_IO  anxiety_NN  and_CC  animosity_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  their_APP$  lowest_JJT  point_NN  ,_,  and_CC  after_IO  the_AT1  spanning_NN  of_IO  our_APP$  little_JJ  valley_NN  they_PPHS2  could_VM  once_RR  more_RRR  rise_VV0  .  
  the_AT1  village_NN  was_VBDZ  full_JJ  of_IO  depressing_JJ  rumours_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  would_VM  drain_VV0  the_AT1  pond_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  would_VM  run_VV0  pipes_NNS  across_IO  the_AT1  arches_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  little_JJ  bridge_NN  ;_;  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  fortunately_RR  the_AT1  plans_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  water_NN  engineers_NNS  lay_VVD  elsewhere_RR  .  
  with_IO  a_AT1  mechanical_JJ  digging_JJ  monster_NN  ,_,  eating_VBG  up_RP  earth_NN  and_CC  rocks_NNS  with_IO  equal_JJ  ease_NN  ,_,  they_PPHS2  dug_VVD  a_AT1  deep_JJ  trench_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  side_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  furthest_RBT  from_IO  the_AT1  pond's_NN1$  edge_NN  .  
  to_IO  the_AT1  barely_RR  suppressed_JJ  satisfaction_NN  of_IO  most_DA  of_IO  us_PPIO2   the_AT1  excavation_NN  immediately_RR  filled_VVD  with_IO  water_NN  ,_,  and_CC  thereafter_RR  the_AT1  scene_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  morass_NN  :_:  ditch_NN  ,_,  ruts_NNS  ,_,  mud_NN  ,_,  grey-brown_JJ  hillocks_NNS  of_IO  earth_NN  ,_,  large_JJ  stones_NNS  ,_,  untidy_JJ  clods_NNS  of_IO  grass_NN  ,_,  with_IO  a_DA  few_DA  pieces_NNS  of_IO  newspaper_NN  and_CC  some_DD  old_JJ  cement_NN  bags_NNS  thrown_VBN  in_RP  for_IO  good_JJ  measure_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  remained_VVD  thus_RR  for_IO  a_AT1  whole_JJ  summer_NN  .  
  an_AT1  attempted_JJ  laying_NN  of_IO  pipes_NNS  began_VVD  .  
  a_AT1  small_JJ  pump_NN  arrived_VVD  and_CC  cleared_VVD  the_AT1  trench_NN  of_IO  water_NN  long_RR  enough_RGA  for_IO  the_AT1  pipes_NNS  to_TO  be_VB0  set_VBN  in_IO  position_NN  .  
  then_RL  the_AT1  water_NN  once_RR  more_RRR  resumed_VVD  its_APP$  engulfing_JJ  sway_NN  .  
  so_CS  that_CS  the_AT1  ditch_NN  could_VM  be_VB0  cleared_VBN  sufficiently_RR  of_IO  water_NN  for_IO  sealing_VBG  the_AT1  joints_NNS  ,_,  a_AT1  more_RG  delicate_JJ  job_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  little_JJ  petrol_NN  pump_NN  was_VBDZ  again_RR  conjured_VBN  to_TO  work_VV0  valiantly_RR    but_CCB  it_PPH1  proved_VVD  unequal_JJ  to_IO  its_APP$  task_NN  .  
  the_AT1  trench_NN  remained_VVD  obstinately_RR  full_JJ  ;_;  the_AT1  water_NN  seeped_VVD  in_RP  as_RG  fast_RR  as_CS  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  pumped_VBN  away_RP  .  
  for_IO  some_DD  weeks_NNS  the_AT1  matter_NN  remained_VVD  thus_RR  ,_,  while_CS  the_AT1  supervisors_NNS  ,_,  who_PNQS occasionally_RR  arrived_VVD  in_IO  shining_JJ  saloon_NN  cars_NNS  ,_,  scratched_VVD  their_APP$  heads_NNS  over_IO  the_AT1  problem_NN  .  
  the_AT1  impasse_NN  was_VBDZ  finally_RR  broken_VBN  one_MC1  rainy_JJ  Saturday_NN1  .  
  a_AT1  man-sized_JJ  pump_NN  arrived_VVD  borne_VBN  upon_IO  the_AT1  platform_NN  of_IO  a_AT1  lorry_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  this_DD1  pump_NN  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  prove_VV0  the_AT1  major_JJ  enemy_NN  ,_,  and_CC  not_XX  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS has_VHZ  ever_RR  had_VHN  to_TO  deal_VV0  with_IO  a_AT1  diesel_NN  or_CC  petrol_NN  engine_NN  will_VM  know_VV0  the_AT1  possibilities_NNS  of_IO  trouble_NN  here_RL  .  
  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  bad_JJ  enough_RGA  on_IO  a_AT1  hot_JJ  afternoon_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  lawn-mower_NN  .  
  these_DD2  men_NNS  went_VVD  through_IO  all_DB  the_AT1  known_JJ  processes_NNS  to_IO  the_AT1  point_NN  of_IO  exhaustion_NN  .  
  the_AT1  engine_NN  started_VVD  ,_,  stopped_VVD  ,_,  started_VVD  ,_,  stopped_VVD  again_RR  ,_,  always_RR  for_IO  no_AT1  apparent_JJ  reason_NN  .  
  the_AT1  four_MC  men_NNS  concerned_VBN  explored_VVD  all_DB  possibilities_NNS  and_CC  experienced_VVD  every_AT1  feeling_NN  from_IO  hope_NN  to_IO  despair_NN  .  
  they_PPHS2  cajoled_VVD  ,_,  wheedled_VVD  ,_,  entreated_VVD  ,_,  tinkered_VVD  .  
  eventually_RR  they_PPHS2  knocked_VVD  off_RP  for_IO  a_AT1  smoke_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  cup_NN  of_IO  tea_NN  .  
  this_DD1  campaign_NN  proceeded_VVD  for_IO  an_AT1  entire_JB  morning_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  amazed_JJ  at_IO  the_AT1  workmen's_NN2  stolid_JJ  patience_NN  .  
  then_RL  as_CS  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  all_DB  giving_VBG  up_RP  in_IO  despair_NN  ,_,  for_CS  I_PPIS1  shared_VVD  their_APP$  experience_NN  from_IO  my_APP$  window_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  pump_NN  started_VVD  and_CC  continued_VVD  genially_RR  as_CS  if_CS  it_PPH1  too_RR  had_VHD  had_VHN  enough_DD  and_CC  wanted_VVD  to_TO  perform_VV0  its_APP$  task_NN  and_CC  get_VV0  home_NN1  for_IO  the_AT1  day_NN  .  
  once_CS  going_VBG  ,_,  the_AT1  job_NN  was_VBDZ  tidied_VBN  up_RP  ,_,  the_AT1  trench_NN  filled_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  less_DA  than_IO  an_AT1  hour_NN  ;_;  and_CC  the_AT1  landscape_NN  settled_VVD  into_IO  the_AT1  condition_NN  of_IO  quiet_JJ  waiting_NN  which_DDQ  had_VHD  been_VBN  its_APP$  role_NN  through_IO  the_AT1  ages_NNS  .  
  soon_RR  the_AT1  grass_NN  would_VM  grow_VV0  again_RR  over_IO  the_AT1  trench_NN  and_CC  over_IO  the_AT1  piped_JJ  water_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  twentieth_MD  century_NN  .  
  about_RR  a_AT1  month_NN  later_RRR  a_AT1  number_NN  of_IO  workmen_NNS  came_VVD  through_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  and_CC  ,_,  with_IO  the_AT1  active_JJ  co-operation_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  ,_,  made_VVD  little_JJ  right-angled_JJ  connections_NNS  with_IO  the_AT1  main_JB  pipe_NN  to_IO  each_DD1  front_JB  door_NN  taking_VBG  the_AT1  water_NN  .  
  this_DD1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  job_NN  soon_RR  dispatched_VBN  although_CS  fraught_JJ  with_IO  small_JJ  obstacles_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  way_NN  of_IO  trickles_NNS  of_IO  springs_NNS  beneath_IO  the_AT1  road_NN  surface_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  remained_VVD  then_RL  for_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  to_TO  take_VV0  the_AT1  water_NN  indoors_RL  .  
  on_IO  a_AT1  fine_JJ  spring_NN  morning_NN  came_VVD  the_AT1  news_NN  by_IO  post_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  rural_JJ  district_NN  council_NN  that_CS  water_NN  would_VM  be_VB0  put_VBN  into_IO  pipes_NNS  on_IO  a_AT1  particular_JJ  date_NN  ,_,  and_CC  that_CS  supplies_NNS  could_VM  then_RL  be_VB0  delivered_VBN  .  
  on_IO  that_DD1  day_NN  a_AT1  villager_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  cottage_NN  turned_VVD  a_AT1  tap_NN    and_CC  the_AT1  utility_NN  of_IO  Wilborough_NP  Pond_NNL1  was_VBDZ  ,_,  after_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  ended_VBN  .  
  thereafter_RR  it_PPH1  became_VVD  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  landscape_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  a_AT1  sign_NN  written_VBN  ,_,  taking_VBG  the_AT1  first_MD  Saxon_JJ  mention_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  village_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  hung_VVD  it_PPH1  on_IO  our_APP$  gate_NN  :_:  
  this_DD1  pond_NN  ,_,  for_IO  a_AT1  thousand_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  provided_VVD  water_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  villagers_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  hamlet_NN  \0A.D_RR  888-1957_MC-MC  .  
  18_MC  .  
  chain_NN  of_IO  life_NN  .  
  steady_JJ  effort_NN  for_IO  nearly_RR  two_MC  years_NNS  ,_,  punctuated_VBN  by_IO  bursts_NNS  of_IO  great_JJ  energy_NN  ,_,  had_VHD  been_VBN  put_VBN  to_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  making_VBG  the_AT1  pond_NN  and_CC  its_APP$  cottage_NN  a_AT1  piece_NN  of_IO  landscape_NN  such_CS  as_CS  you_PPY  read_VV0  about_IO  or_CC  see_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  film_NN  :_:  a_AT1  veritable_JJ  picture_NN  .  all_DB  new_JJ  equipment_NN  takes_VBZ  a_AT1  bit_NN  of_IO  getting_VBG  used_JJ  to_IO  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  some_DD  time_NN  before_CS  one's_$  spoon_NN  became_VVD  a_AT1  weapon_NN  of_IO  relative_JJ  precision_NN  and_CC  the_AT1  pudding_NN  finished_VVD  up_RP  in_IO  one's_$  mouth_NN  instead_RR  of_IO  in_IO  one's_$  right_JJ  ear_NN  or_CC  on_IO  the_AT1  wall_NN  behind_IO  one_MC1  .  
  gloves_NNS  ,_,  hairbrushes_NNS  ,_,  lavatories_NNS    pretty_RR  well_RR  all_DB  the_AT1  accessories_NNS  of_IO  everyday_JB  life_NN    were_VBDR  unmanageable_JJ  to_TO  begin_VV0  with_II  ;_;  but_CCB  in_IO  that_DD1  distant_JJ  era_NN  one_MC1  received_VVD  patient_JJ  and_CC  elaborate_JJ  coaching_NN  in_IO  their_APP$  use_NN  .  
  middle_JB  age_NN  has_VHZ  no_AT1  mentors_NNS  ;_;  nobody_PN1  says_VBZ  ,_,    
  no_UH  ,_,  not_XX  like_IO  that_DD1  ,_,  dear_NN  .  
  like_IO  this_DD1  .    
  I_PPIS1  defy_VV0  anyone_PN1  who_PNQS puts_VBZ  on_RP  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  not_XX  to_TO  feel_VV0  that_CS  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  done_VBN  it_PPH1  in_IO  a_AT1  slightly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  way_NN  .  
  and_CC  so_PN1  ,_,  in_IO  all_DB  probability_NN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  ,_,  as_CS  ,_,  grasping_VBG  the_AT1  fragile_JJ  contraption_NN  in_IO  both_DB2  hands_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  fastens_VBZ  it_PPH1  uncertainly_RR  on_IO  his_APP$  face_NN  like_IO  a_AT1  man_NN  putting_VBG  on_RP  a_AT1  false_JJ  beard_NN  at_IO  some_DD  ghastly_JJ  rout_NN  .  
  not_XX  since_CS    in_IO  something_PN1  of_IO  the_AT1  same_DA  surreptitious_JJ  ,_,  apprehensive_JJ  manner_NN    he_PPHO1  smoked_VVD  his_APP$  first_MD  cigarette_NN  has_VHZ  he_PPHO1  been_VBN  so_RG  unexpectedly_RR  reminded_VBN  that_CS  there_EX  is_VBZ  a_AT1  right_JJ  way_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  wrong_JJ  way_NN  of_IO  doing_VBG  things_NNS  .  
  once_CS  having_VHG  lodged_VBN  upon_IO  his_APP$  nose_NN  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  scornfully_RR  to_TO  call_VV0  gig-lamps_NNS  ,_,  he_PPHO1  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  long_JJ  ,_,  searching_JJ  scrutiny_NN  of_IO  his_APP$  reflection_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  mirror_NN  .  
  there_EX  can_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  doubt_NN  that_CS  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  extremely_RR  odd_JJ  .  
  life_NN  has_VHZ  played_VBN  a_AT1  practical_JJ  joke_NN  on_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  but_CCB  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  obscure_JJ  rather_RR  than_IO  an_AT1  unkind_JJ  practical_JJ  joke_NN  .  
  although_CS  he_PPHO1  still_RR  regards_VBZ  spectacles_NNS  as_CS  per_RR  se_RR  faintly_RR  ridiculous_JJ  (_(  why_CS else_RR  do_VD0  we_PPIS2  say_VV0  bespectacled_JJ    \0cf_VV0  begrimed_JJ  ,_,  bedizened_JJ  and_CC  besotted_JJ    and_CC  not_XX  betrousered_JJ  or_CC  even_RR  bebearded_JJ  .  )_)  ,_,  he_PPHO1  persuades_VBZ  himself_PPX1  that_CS  he_PPHO1  looks_VBZ  no_RR  sillier_JJ  than_CS  he_PPHO1  looked_VVD  before_II  .  
  rather_DA  ,_,  indeed_RR  ,_,  the_AT1  reverse_NN  .  
  a_AT1  certain_JJ  gravitas_&FW  has_VHZ  been_VBN  added_VBN  .  
  he_PPHO1  finds_VBZ  himself_PPX1  for_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  time_NN  wondering_VBG  whether_CS  he_PPHO1  might_VM  not_XX  have_VH0  had_VHN  a_AT1  considerable_JJ  future_NN  as_IO  a_AT1  dentist_NN  ,_,  or_CC  in_IO  the_AT1  Treasury_NP  .  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  has_VHZ  still_RR  to_TO  present_VV0  this_DD1  new_JJ  persona_NN  to_IO  the_AT1  world_NN  ,_,  and_CC  face_VV0  the_AT1  world's_NN1$  reactions_NNS  .  
  way_NN  back_RP  ,_,  when_CS similar_JJ  ordeals_NNS  were_VBDR  undergone_VBN  ,_,  no_AT1  pains_NNS  were_VBDR  spared_VBN  to_TO  allay_VV0  his_APP$  misgivings_NNS  and_CC  boost_VV0  his_APP$  morale_NN  .  
    but_CCB  ,_,  darling_NN  ,_,  you_PPY  look_VV0  so_RG  nice_JJ  in_IO  it_PPH1  !_!  
  does_VBZ  n't_XX  he_PPHO1  ,_,  Nanny_NNSB1  .  
  it_PPH1  's_VBZ  awfully_RG  becoming_JJ  .  
  all_DB  the_AT1  other_DA  little_JJ  boys_NNS  at_IO  the_AT1  party_NN  will_VM  be_VB0  wearing_VBG    well_UH  ,_,  the_AT1  same_DA  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  only_LE  I_PPIS1  expect_VV0  not_XX  so_RG  nice_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  promise_VV0  you_PPY  they_PPHS2  will_VM  .    
  none_PN1  of_IO  this_DD1  nonsense_NN  now_RL  .  
  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  will_VM  get_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  .  
  the_AT1  spectacles_NNS  confer_VV0  ,_,  in_IO  his_APP$  view_NN  ,_,  a_AT1  patriarchal_JJ  air_NN  ;_;  they_PPHS2  delicately_RR  underline_VV0  the_AT1  eventual_JJ  need_NN  for_IO  petits_&FW  soins_&FW  ;_;  he_PPHO1  can_VM  almost_RR  feel_VV0  the_AT1  rug_NN  round_IO  his_APP$  knees_NNS  ,_,  smell_VV0  the_AT1  aroma_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  cocoa_NN  simmering_VBG  on_IO  the_AT1  hob_NN  .  
  (_(  the_AT1  blacksmith_NN  should_VM  be_VB0  able_JJ  to_TO  knock_VV0  up_RP  a_AT1  hob_NN  .  )_)  
  but_CCB  he_PPHO1  knows_VBZ  what_DDQ  he_PPHO1  will_VM  get_VV0  from_IO  his_APP$  children_NNS  ,_,  and_CC  he_PPHO1  gets_VBZ  it_PPH1  .  
    daddy_NN  !_!    they_PPHS2  scream_VV0  ,_,  convulsed_VBN  with_IO  laughter_NN  .  
    what_DDQ  are_VBR  you_PPY  up_RP  to_IO  .  
  why_CS are_VBR  you_PPY  wearing_VBG  spectacles_NNS  .  
  you_PPY  do_VD0  look_VV0  funny_JJ  !_!    
  a_AT1  rat_NN  caught_VBN  in_IO  a_AT1  gin-trap_NN  by_IO  one_MC1  leg_NN  will_VM  often_RR  gnaw_VV0  the_AT1  leg_NN  off_RP  .  
  to_TO  disembarrass_VV0  your_APP$  face_NN  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  involves_VBZ  a_AT1  simpler_JJ  ,_,  far_RR  less_RG  drastic_JJ  process_NN  ;_;  but_CCB  if_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  never_RR  done_VBN  it_PPH1  before_II  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  difficult_JJ  to_TO  do_VD0  it_PPH1  as_CS  though_CS  to_IO  the_AT1  manner_NN  born_VBN  .  
  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  lay_VV0  your_APP$  ears_NNS  back_RP  ;_;  you_PPY  do_VD0  not_XX  show_VV0  the_AT1  whites_NNS  of_IO  your_APP$  obsolescent_JJ  eyes_NNS  .  
  but_CCB  your_APP$  face_NN  ,_,  emerging_VBG  from_IO  between_IO  the_AT1  shafts_NNS  ,_,  inevitably_RR  reflects_VBZ  the_AT1  part-rebellious_JJ  ,_,  part-apprehensive_JJ  ,_,  part-apologetic_JJ  expression_NN  of_IO  an_AT1  old_JJ  saddle-horse_NN  which_DDQ  has_VHZ  not_XX  previously_RR  worn_VBN  harness_NN  .  
  once_CS  you_PPY  have_VH0  expunged_VBN  from_IO  their_APP$  minds_NNS  the_AT1  idea_NN  that_CS  you_PPY  are_VBR  dressing_VBG  up_RP  in_TO  order_TO"  to_TO"  amuse_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  your_APP$  new_JJ  gimmick_NN  can_VM  be_VB0  explained_VBN  to_IO  your_APP$  children_NNS  ;_;  but_CCB  it_PPH1  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  airily_RR  explained_VBN  ,_,  any_RR  more_RRR  than_CS  it_PPH1  can_VM  to_IO  your_APP$  over-facetious_JJ  or_CC  over-solicitous_JJ  contemporaries_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  hardly_RR  obtained_VBN  a_AT1  pair_NN  of_IO  spectacles_NNS  when_CS I_PPIS1  ceased_VVD  to_TO  need_VV0  them_PPHO1  ,_,  my_APP$  eyes_NNS  suddenly_RR  getting_VBG  a_AT1  second_MD  wind_NN  .  
  this_DD1  reprieve_NN  (_(  which_DDQ  for_IO  all_DB  I_PPIS1  know_VV0  is_VBZ  a_AT1  common_JJ  occurrence_NN  )_)  began_VVD  soon_RR  after_CS  one_MC1  of_IO  my_APP$  aunts_NNS  recommended_VVD  yeast_NN  to_IO  me_PPIO1  as_IO  a_AT1  cure_NN  for_IO  failing_JJ  memory_NN  .  
  my_APP$  memory_NN  is_VBZ  appalling_JJ  .  
  I_PPIS1  shovelled_VVD  down_RP  the_AT1  unexpired_JJ  portion_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  aunt's_NN1$  yeast-ration_NN    this_DD1  was_VBDZ  at_IO  the_AT1  breakfast-table_NN    and_CC  continued_VVD  for_IO  a_AT1  time_NN  to_TO  eat_VV0  the_AT1  stuff_NN  .  
  post_&FW  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suspect_VV0  ,_,  rather_RR  than_CS  propter_&FW  hoc_&FW  I_PPIS1  threw_VVD  away_RP  my_APP$  reading_NN  glasses_NNS  ;_;  my_APP$  memory_NN  continued_VVD  to_TO  deteriorate_VV0  .  
  two_MC  or_CC  three_MC  years_NNS  later_RRR  a_AT1  minor_JJ  military_JJ  campaign_NN  in_IO  Arabia_NP  strengthened_VVD  the_AT1  delusion_NN  that_CS  for_IO  me_PPIO1  spectacles_NNS  were_VBDR  a_AT1  thing_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  past_NN  .  
  so_RG  refulgent_JJ  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  sun_NN  ,_,  and_CC  so_RG  few_DA  the_AT1  place-names_NNS  on_IO  our_APP$  unreliable_JJ  maps_NNS  ,_,  that_CS  I_PPIS1  snapped_VVD  my_APP$  fingers_NNS  at_IO  Salisbury_NP  Plain_NNL1  and_CC  the_AT1  deep_JJ  misgivings_NNS  aroused_VBN  upon_IO  it_PPH1  .  
  but_CCB  now_RL    grateful_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  reprieve_NN  none_RR  the_AT1  worse_JJ  for_IO  a_AT1  dummy_NN  run_NN    I_PPIS1  am_VBM  once_RR  more_RRR  ,_,  when_CS I_PPIS1  read_VV0  ,_,  bespectacled_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  we_PPIS2  killed_VVD  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  a_AT1  cabinet_NN  Minister_NNSB1  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   died_VVD  of_IO  drink_NN  last_DA  month_NN  .  
  one_MC1  of_IO  us_PPIO2   is_VBZ  an_AT1  earl_NN  .  
  one_MC1  committed_VVD  suicide_NN  many_DA  years_NNS  ago_RR  .  
  one_MC1  ,_,  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  ,_,  is_VBZ  an_AT1  expert_NN  on_IO  Russia_NP  .  
  one_MC1  is_VBZ  an_AT1  admiral_NN  .  
  some_DD  I_PPIS1  have_VH0  forgotten_VBN  altogether_RR  .  
  several_DA  others_DA2  must_VM  be_VB0  dead_JJ  .  
  the_AT1  man_NN  we_PPIS2  killed_VVD  was_VBDZ  called_VBN  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  master_NN  at_IO  our_APP$  private_JJ  school_NN  towards_IO  the_AT1  end_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  first_MD  war_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  not_XX  remember_VV0  him_PPHO1  as_RG  clearly_RR  as_CS  I_PPIS1  should_VM  ;_;  one_MC1  reason_NN  for_IO  this_DD1  is_VBZ  that_CS  he_PPHO1  did_VDD  not_XX  last_VV0  long_RR  .  
  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  about_RR  twenty-five_MC  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  reddish_JJ  hair_NN  which_DDQ  stood_VVD  up_RP  over_IO  his_APP$  forehead_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  quiff_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  wore_VVD  spectacles_NNS  with_IO  metal_NN  rims_NNS  and_CC  a_AT1  blazer_NN  with_IO  a_AT1  crest_NN  on_IO  the_AT1  breast_NN  pocket_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  was_VBDZ  very_RG  short-sighted_JJ  and_CC  we_PPIS2  believed_VVD  him_PPHO1  to_TO  make_VV0  matters_NNS  worse_JJ  by_IO  not_XX  cleaning_VBG  his_APP$  spectacles_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  plaintive_JJ  ,_,  rather_RR  common_JJ  voice_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  lolloping_JJ  gait_NN  .  
  he_PPHO1  took_VVD  the_AT1  sixth_MD  form_NN  in_IO  (_(  I_PPIS1  think_VV0  )_)  Greek_NN1  ;_;  I_PPIS1  am_VBM  ashamed_JJ  that_CS  I_PPIS1  can_VM  not_XX  remember_VV0  his_APP$  subject_NN  with_IO  certainty_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  was_VBDZ  ,_,  I_PPIS1  suppose_VV0  ,_,  fairly_RR  typical_JJ  of_IO  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  material_NN  with_IO  which_DDQ  headmasters_NNS  have_VH0  to_TO  make_VV0  up_RP  their_APP$  staffs_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  closing_JJ  stages_NNS  of_IO  a_AT1  major_JJ  war_NN  .  
  all_DB  I_PPIS1  can_VM  recall_VV0  about_IO  his_APP$  previous_JJ  career_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  taken_VBN  him_PPHO1  to_IO  Singapore_NP  ,_,  where_CS ,_,  he_PPHO1  told_VVD  us_PPIO2   ,_,  the_AT1  natives_NNS  played_VVD  football_NN  with_IO  bare_JJ  feet_NNS  .  
  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  served_VBN  as_IO  a_AT1  special_JJ  constable_NN  during_IO  disturbances_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  city_NN  ,_,  and_CC  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  encouraged_VBN  to_TO  relate_VV0  his_APP$  memories_NNS  of_IO  those_DD2  stirring_JJ  times_NNS  .  
  they_PPHS2  were_VBDR  not_XX  sensational_JJ  ;_;  once_RR  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  had_VHD  been_VBN  on_IO  duty_NN  all_DB  night_NN  and_CC  it_PPH1  had_VHD  rained_VBN  without_IO  stopping_VBG  .  
  it_PPH1  would_VM  be_VB0  interesting_JJ  to_TO  know_VV0  how_CS many_DA  hours_NNS  or_CC  days_NNS  or_CC  weeks_NNS  in_IO  the_AT1  school_NN  year_NN  are_VBR  lost_VBN  to_IO  learning_VBG  by_IO  boys_NNS  inducing_VBG  masters_NNS  to_TO  embark_VV0  on_IO  martial_JJ  or_CC  other_DA  reminiscences_NNS  .  
  in_IO  my_APP$  time_NN  at_IO  Eton_NP  there_EX  was_VBDZ  a_AT1  French_NN1  master_NN    and_CC  he_PPHO1  really_RR  looked_VVD  like_IO  a_AT1  French_NN1  master_NN    called_VVD  \0M_NNSB1  Larsonnier_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  served_VBN  with_IO  the_AT1  French_JJ  contingent_NN  which_DDQ  helped_VVD  to_TO  sack_VV0  Peking_NP  after_IO  the_AT1  Boxer_NP  rebellion_NN  .  
  if_CS  you_PPY  could_VM  only_RR  get_VV0  him_PPHO1  started_VBN  ,_,  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  a_AT1  splendid_JJ  set-piece_NN  .  
    who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  ze_AT1  first_MD  into_IO  ze_AT1  forbidden_JJ  City_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  !_!  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  ze_AT1  first_MD  into_IO  ze_AT1  winter_NN  Palace_NNL1  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  !_!  
  who_PNQS  was_VBDZ  ze_AT1  first_MD  into_IO  ze_AT1  Empress_NNSB1  Dowager's_NNSB2  bedroom_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  I_PPIS1  !_!    
    and_CC  who_PNQS    (_(  we_PPIS2  would_VM  wittily_RR  chime_VV0  in_RP  )_)    was_VBDZ  ze_AT1  first_MD  into_IO  ze_AT1  Empress_NNSB1  Dowager's_NNSB2  bed_NN  .    
  I_PPIS1  imagine_VV0  that_CS  less_DA  time_NN  is_VBZ  wasted_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  way_NN  at_IO  girls'_NN2  schools_NNS  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  never_RR  had_VHD  a_AT1  chance_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  was_VBDZ  not_XX  merely_RR  that_CS  he_PPHO1  had_VHD  no_AT1  authority_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  gulled_VBN  ;_;  school-masters_NNS  of_IO  this_DD1  more_RG  or_CC  less_RG  helpless_JJ  kind_NN  generally_RR  arouse_VV0  in_IO  their_APP$  tormentors_NNS  a_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  mercy_NN  or_CC  tolerance_NN  ,_,  based_VBN  perhaps_RR  on_IO  the_AT1  feeling_NN  that_CS  if_CS  they_PPHS2  are_VBR  handled_VBN  too_RG  barbarously_RR  they_PPHS2  will_VM  be_VB0  replaced_VBN  by_IO  some_DD  sterner_JJ  fellow_NN  and_CC  there_EX  will_VM  be_VB0  no_AT1  more_DA  cakes_NNS  and_CC  ale_NN  .  
  but_CCB  for_IO  some_DD  reason_NN  we_PPIS2  actively_RR  disliked_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  ,_,  who_PNQS had_VHD  a_AT1  cocksure_JJ  manner_NN  and_CC  a_AT1  grating_JJ  personality_NN  ,_,  and_CC  we_PPIS2  gave_VVD  him_PPHO1  the_AT1  full_JJ  treatment_NN  .  
  our_APP$  school_NN  was_VBDZ  near_IO  the_AT1  coast_NN  ,_,  and_CC  soon_RR  after_CS  he_PPHO1  arrived_VVD  ,_,  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  ,_,  jaded_VBN  no_AT1  doubt_NN  by_IO  the_AT1  enervating_JJ  climate_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  tropics_NNS  ,_,  was_VBDZ  heard_VBN  to_TO  speak_VV0  in_IO  appreciative_JJ  terms_NNS  of_IO  the_AT1  sea-breezes_NNS  which_DDQ  stole_VVD  into_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  took_VVD  the_AT1  first_MD  opportunity_NN  of_IO  wedging_VBG  a_AT1  bloater_NN  under_IO  the_AT1  springs_NNS  of_IO  his_APP$  mattress_NN  .  
    good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  lovely_JJ  fresh_JJ  breeze_NN  this_DD1  morning_NN  ,_,  is_VBZ  n't_XX  there_EX  .  
  you_PPY  'd_VM  never_RR  think_VV0  we_PPIS2  were_VBDR  a_AT1  mile_NN  from_IO  the_AT1  sea_NN  ,_,  would_VM  you_PPY  ,_,  sir_NN  .    
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  would_VM  concur_VV0  in_IO  a_AT1  baffled_JJ  way_NN  .  
  at_RR  length_RR  masters_NNS  with_IO  adjacent_JJ  bedrooms_NNS  were_VBDR  impelled_VBN  to_TO  investigate_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  the_AT1  putrescent_JJ  bloater_NN  was_VBDZ  removed_VBN  .  
    good_JJ  morning_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  did_VDD  you_PPY  see_VV0  that_DD1  perfectly_RR  beastly_JJ  case_NN  in_IO  the_AT1  paper_NN  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,  not_XX  that_DD1  one_MC1  ;_;  after_IO  all_DB  ,_,  there_EX  's_VBZ  nothing_PN1  specially_RR  unpatriotic_JJ  about_IO  murder_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  meant_VVD  the_AT1  case_NN  where_CS the_AT1  man_NN  was_VBDZ  fined_VBN  for_IO  hoarding_VBG  food_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  do_VD0  think_VV0  that_DD1  sort_NN  of_IO  thing_NN  is_VBZ  absolutely_RR  rotten_JJ  when_CS there_EX  's_VBZ  a_AT1  war_NN  on_RP  ,_,  do_VD0  n't_XX  you_PPY  ,_,  sir_NN  .  
  apparently_RR  he_PPHO1  used_VVD  to_TO  hide_VV0  it_PPH1  in_IO  his_APP$  bedroom_NN  .  .    
  and_RR  so_RR  on_RR  .  
  our_APP$  worst_JJT  excesses_NNS  are_VBR  lost_VBN  in_IO  oblivion_NN  ,_,  but_CCB  my_APP$  recollection_NN  is_VBZ  that_CS  we_PPIS2  kept_VVD  up_RP  a_AT1  relentless_JJ  pressure_NN  and_CC  that_CS  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  ceased_VVD  to_TO  be_VB0  cocksure_JJ  and_CC  became_VVD  jumpy_JJ  ,_,  irritable_JJ  and_CC  maladjusted_JJ  .  
  in_IO  the_AT1  only_DA  incident_NN  I_PPIS1  remember_VV0  clearly_RR  ,_,  indeed_RR  vividly_RR  ,_,  I_PPIS1  played_VVD  the_AT1  leading_JJ  part_NN  .  
  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  was_VBDZ  the_AT1  sort_NN  of_IO  master_NN  who_PNQS impels_VBZ  boys_NNS  ,_,  once_CS  they_PPHS2  have_VH0  established_VBN  an_AT1  ascendancy_NN  over_IO  him_PPHO1  ,_,  to_TO  see_VV0  how_CS much_RR  further_RRR  they_PPHS2  can_VM  go_VV0  ,_,  and_CC  one_MC1  day_NN  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  take_VV0  a_AT1  grass-snake_NN  into_IO  his_APP$  class_NN  .  
  we_PPIS2  wore_VVD  ,_,  in_IO  the_AT1  summer_NN  ,_,  grey_JJ  sweaters_NNS  and_CC  grey_JJ  flannel_NN  shorts_NNS  .  
  I_PPIS1  put_VVD  the_AT1  grass-snake_NN  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  about_RR  three_MC  feet_NNS  long_JJ  but_CCB  used_JJ  to_IO  being_VBG  handled_VBN  ,_,  in_IO  my_APP$  pocket_NN  and_CC  kept_VVD  my_APP$  hand_NN  over_IO  it_PPH1  as_IO  a_AT1  precaution_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  had_VHD  had_VHN  a_AT1  feed_NN  a_DA  few_DA  days_NNS  before_II  and_CC  at_RR  first_RR  observed_VVD  a_AT1  perfect_JJ  decorum_NN  .  
  after_IO  a_AT1  bit_NN  I_PPIS1  became_VVD  over-confident_JJ  and_CC  relaxed_VVD  my_APP$  vigilance_NN  .  
  the_AT1  snake_NN  got_VVD  its_APP$  head_NN  up_IO  my_APP$  sleeve_NN  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  climb_VV0  up_IO  my_APP$  arm_NN  .  
  readers_NNS  who_PNQS have_VH0  been_VBN  in_IO  this_DD1  particular_JJ  situation_NN  will_VM  know_VV0  that_DD1  ,_,  once_CS  a_AT1  serpent_NN  has_VHZ  started_VBN  climbing_VBG  up_IO  your_APP$  arm_NN  under_IO  your_APP$  sleeve_NN  ,_,  it_PPH1  matters_VBZ  little_RR  how_CS much_DA  of_IO  the_AT1  serpent_NN  is_VBZ  left_VBN  in_IO  your_APP$  pocket_NN  ;_;  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  get_VV0  it_PPH1  back_RP  into_IO  the_AT1  pocket_NN  by_IO  using_VBG  the_AT1  arm_NN  it_PPH1  is_VBZ  climbing_VBG  up_IO  ,_,  and_CC  you_PPY  can_VM  not_XX  bring_VV0  your_APP$  other_DA  hand_NN  into_IO  play_NN  against_IO  it_PPH1  without_IO  taking_VBG  your_APP$  sweater_NN  off_RP  ,_,  which_DDQ    leaving_VBG  snakes_NNS  and_CC  schoolmasters_NNS  out_RP  of_IO  it_PPH1    I_PPIS1  defy_VV0  anyone_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  with_IO  one_MC1  hand_NN  in_IO  his_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  being_VBG  at_IO  the_AT1  top_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  class_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  sat_VVD  directly_RR  underneath_IO  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson's_PPIO2  beaky_JJ  nose_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  was_VBDZ  in_IO  a_AT1  quandary_NN  .  
  seventyfive_MC  per_NNU  \0cent_NNU  of_IO  the_AT1  snake_NN  had_VHD  not_XX  yet_RR  passed_VBN  the_AT1  start-line_NN  and_CC  was_VBDZ  still_RR  in_IO  my_APP$  pocket_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  decided_VVD  to_TO  try_VV0  to_TO  stabilise_VV0  this_DD1  situation_NN  and_CC  gripped_VVD  it_PPH1  convulsively_RR  round_IO  what_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  it_PPH1  had_VHD  been_VBN  me_PPIO1  ,_,  would_VM  have_VH0  corresponded_VBN  to_IO  its_APP$  chest_NN  .  
  the_AT1  snake_NN  can_VM  not_XX  be_VB0  blamed_VBN  for_IO  failing_VBG  to_TO  understand_VV0  my_APP$  motives_NNS  .  
  it_PPH1  felt_VVD  thwarted_VBN  ,_,  and_CC  began_VVD  to_TO  hiss_VV0  .  
  human_JJ  beings_NNS  ,_,  when_CS they_PPHS2  hiss_VV0  ,_,  hiss_VV0  outwards_RR  ;_;  a_AT1  grass-snake_NN  makes_VBZ  a_AT1  sound_NN  exactly_RR  like_IO  a_AT1  human_JJ  being_NN  drawing_VBG  his_APP$  breath_NN  sharply_RR  inwards_RR  while_CS  stitches_NNS  are_VBR  being_VBG  taken_VBN  out_RP  of_IO  a_AT1  wound_NN  .  
    Strix_NP  ,_,    asked_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  ,_,  peering_VBG  down_RP  at_IO  me_PPIO1  ,_,    are_VBR  you_PPY  in_IO  pain_NN  .    
    no_UH  ,_,  sir_NN  ,_,    I_PPIS1  said_VVD  .  
  I_PPIS1  thought_VVD  it_PPH1  prudent_JJ  to_TO  let_VV0  go_VV0  of_IO  the_AT1  snake_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  stopped_VVD  hissing_VBG  but_CCB  went_VVD  on_RP  climbing_VBG  .  
  my_APP$  urgent_JJ  duty_NN  now_RL  was_VBDZ  to_TO  prevent_VV0  it_PPH1  doing_VBG  what_DDQ  ,_,  if_CS  left_VBN  to_IO  itself_PPX1  ,_,  it_PPH1  would_VM  do_VD0  ,_,  which_DDQ  was_VBDZ  to_TO  make_VV0  a_AT1  bid_NN  for_IO  freedom_NN  by_IO  wriggling_VBG  out_RP  through_IO  the_AT1  collar_NN  of_IO  my_APP$  sweater_NN  .  
  by_IO  this_DD1  time_NN  ,_,  the_AT1  snake's_NN1$  rear_JB  echelon_NN  having_VHG  left_VBN  my_APP$  pocket_NN  ,_,  I_PPIS1  had_VHD  both_DB2  hands_NNS  free_JJ  and_CC  was_VBDZ  easily_RR  able_JJ  ,_,  by_IO  clasping_VBG  them_PPHO1  to_IO  my_APP$  throat_NN  in_IO  a_AT1  rather_RR  precious_JJ  manner_NN  ,_,  to_TO  deny_VV0  it_PPH1  egress_NN  .  
  the_AT1  snake_NN  turned_VVD  south_NN1  ,_,  towards_IO  my_APP$  midriff_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  now_RL  had_VHD  room_NN  to_TO  manoeuvre_VV0  and_CC  was_VBDZ  moving_VBG  well_RR  ;_;  there_EX  was_VBDZ  nothing_PN1  to_TO  do_VD0  but_CCB  to_TO  grab_VV0  it_PPH1  before_CS  it_PPH1  escaped_VVD  from_IO  my_APP$  sweater_NN  .  
  I_PPIS1  clasped_VVD  one_MC1  hand_NN  to_IO  my_APP$  stomach_NN  and_CC  got_VVD  it_PPH1  round_IO  the_AT1  neck_NN  .  
  it_PPH1  started_VVD  hissing_VBG  again_RR  .  
    what_DDQ  is_VBZ  the_AT1  matter_NN  .    asked_VVD  \0Mr_NNSB1  Jackson_NP  irritably_RR  .  
    is_VBZ  something_PN1  hurting_VBG  you_PPY  .    
  my_APP$  bosom_NN  was_VBDZ  heaving_VBG  convulsively_RR  ,_,  on_IO  account_NN  of_IO  the_AT1  snake_NN  . 
